Adding Concrete Syntax to a Prolog-Based Program Synthesis System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fischer, Bernd; Visser, Eelco

2003-01-01

Program generation and transformation systems manipulate large, pa- rameterized object language fragments. Support for user-definable concrete syntax makes this easier but is typically restricted to certain object and meta languages. We show how Prolog can be retrofitted with concrete syntax and describe how a seamless interaction of concrete syntax fragments with an existing legacy meta-programming system based on abstract syntax is achieved. We apply the approach to gradually migrate the schemas of the AUTOBAYES program synthesis system to concrete syntax. Fit experiences show that this can result in a considerable reduction of the code size and an improved readability of the code. In particular, abstracting out fresh-variable generation and second-order term construction allows the formulation of larger continuous fragments and improves the locality in the schemas.

Robot vision system programmed in Prolog

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Batchelor, Bruce G.; Hack, Ralf

1995-10-01

This is the latest in a series of publications which develop the theme of programming a machine vision system using the artificial intelligence language Prolog. The article states the long-term objective of the research program of which this work forms part. Many but not yet all of the goals laid out in this plan have already been achieved in an integrated system, which uses a multi-layer control hierarchy. The purpose of the present paper is to demonstrate that a system based upon a Prolog controller is capable of making complex decisions and operating a standard robot. The authors chose, as a vehicle for this exercise, the task of playing dominoes against a human opponent. This game was selected for this demonstration since it models a range of industrial assembly tasks, where parts are to be mated together. (For example, a 'daisy chain' of electronic equipment and the interconnecting cables/adapters may be likened to a chain of dominoes.)

WellnessRules: A Web 3.0 Case Study in RuleML-Based Prolog-N3 Profile Interoperation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boley, Harold; Osmun, Taylor Michael; Craig, Benjamin Larry

An interoperation study, WellnessRules, is described, where rules about wellness opportunities are created by participants in rule languages such as Prolog and N3, and translated within a wellness community using RuleML/XML. The wellness rules are centered around participants, as profiles, encoding knowledge about their activities conditional on the season, the time-of-day, the weather, etc. This distributed knowledge base extends FOAF profiles with a vocabulary and rules about wellness group networking. The communication between participants is organized through Rule Responder, permitting wellness-profile translation and distributed querying across engines. WellnessRules interoperates between rules and queries in the relational (Datalog) paradigm of the pure-Prolog subset of POSL and in the frame (F-logic) paradigm of N3. An evaluation of Rule Responder instantiated for WellnessRules revealed acceptable Web response times.

Programming Languages or Generic Software Tools, for Beginners' Courses in Computer Literacy?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Neuwirth, Erich

1987-01-01

Discussion of methods that can be used to teach beginner courses in computer literacy focuses on students aged 10-12. The value of using a programing language versus using a generic software package is highlighted; Logo and Prolog are reviewed; and the use of databases is discussed. (LRW)

Designing a Software Tool for Fuzzy Logic Programming

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abietar, José M.; Morcillo, Pedro J.; Moreno, Ginés

2007-12-01

Fuzzy Logic Programming is an interesting and still growing research area that agglutinates the efforts for introducing fuzzy logic into logic programming (LP), in order to incorporate more expressive resources on such languages for dealing with uncertainty and approximated reasoning. The multi-adjoint logic programming approach is a recent and extremely flexible fuzzy logic paradigm for which, unfortunately, we have not found practical tools implemented so far. In this work, we describe a prototype system which is able to directly translate fuzzy logic programs into Prolog code in order to safely execute these residual programs inside any standard Prolog interpreter in a completely transparent way for the final user. We think that the development of such fuzzy languages and programing tools might play an important role in the design of advanced software applications for computational physics, chemistry, mathematics, medicine, industrial control and so on.

Benchmarks of programming languages for special purposes in the space station

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Knoebel, Arthur

1986-01-01

Although Ada is likely to be chosen as the principal programming language for the Space Station, certain needs, such as expert systems and robotics, may be better developed in special languages. The languages, LISP and Prolog, are studied and some benchmarks derived. The mathematical foundations for these languages are reviewed. Likely areas of the space station are sought out where automation and robotics might be applicable. Benchmarks are designed which are functional, mathematical, relational, and expert in nature. The coding will depend on the particular versions of the languages which become available for testing.

Development of a Knowledge Base for Use in an Expert System Advisor for Aircraft Maintenance Scheduling (ESAAMS)

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-03-01

Cliffs, New Jersey, 1989. Merritt, Dennis, "Forward Chaining in Prolog," Al Expert, v.7 November 1986. Minsky , Marvin ., "A Framework for Representing... Minsky , Marvin , (editor), Semantic Information Processing, MIT Press, 1968. Rychener, M. D., Production Systems as a Programming Language for Artificial

Use of a FORTH-based PROLOG for real-time expert systems. 1: Spacelab life sciences experiment application

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Paloski, William H.; Odette, Louis L.; Krever, Alfred J.; West, Allison K.

1987-01-01

A real-time expert system is being developed to serve as the astronaut interface for a series of Spacelab vestibular experiments. This expert system is written in a version of Prolog that is itself written in Forth. The Prolog contains a predicate that can be used to execute Forth definitions; thus, the Forth becomes an embedded real-time operating system within the Prolog programming environment. The expert system consists of a data base containing detailed operational instructions for each experiment, a rule base containing Prolog clauses used to determine the next step in an experiment sequence, and a procedure base containing Prolog goals formed from real-time routines coded in Forth. In this paper, we demonstrate and describe the techniques and considerations used to develop this real-time expert system, and we conclude that Forth-based Prolog provides a viable implementation vehicle for this and similar applications.

SIRE: A Simple Interactive Rule Editor for NICBES

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bykat, Alex

1988-01-01

To support evolution of domain expertise, and its representation in an expert system knowledge base, a user-friendly rule base editor is mandatory. The Nickel Cadmium Battery Expert System (NICBES), a prototype of an expert system for the Hubble Space Telescope power storage management system, does not provide such an editor. In the following, a description of a Simple Interactive Rule Base Editor (SIRE) for NICBES is described. The SIRE provides a consistent internal representation of the NICBES knowledge base. It supports knowledge presentation and provides a user-friendly and code language independent medium for rule addition and modification. The SIRE is integrated with NICBES via an interface module. This module provides translation of the internal representation to Prolog-type rules (Horn clauses), latter rule assertion, and a simple mechanism for rule selection for its Prolog inference engine.

Optical Inference Machines

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-06-27

de olf nessse end Id e ;-tl Sb ieeI smleo) ,Optical Artificial Intellegence ; Optical inference engines; Optical logic; Optical informationprocessing...common. They arise in areas such as expert systems and other artificial intelligence systems. In recent years, the computer science language PROLOG has...cal processors should in principle be well suited for : I artificial intelligence applications. In recent years, symbolic logic processing. , the

An Integrated Textbook, Video, and Software Environment for Novice and Expert Prolog Programmers. Technical Report No. 23.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eisenstadt, Marc; Brayshaw, Mike

This paper describes a Prolog execution model which serves as the uniform basis of textbook material, video-based teaching material, and an advanced graphical user interface for Prolog programmers. The model, based upon an augmented AND/OR tree representation of Prolog programs, uses an enriched "status box" in place of the traditional…

Efficient reordering of PROLOG programs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gooley, Markian M.; Wah, Benjamin W.

1989-01-01

PROLOG programs are often inefficient: execution corresponds to a depth-first traversal of an AND/OR graph; traversing subgraphs in another order can be less expensive. It is shown how the reordering of clauses within PROLOG predicates, and especially of goals within clauses, can prevent unnecessary search. The characterization and detection of restrictions on reordering is discussed. A system of calling modes for PROLOG, geared to reordering, is proposed, and ways to infer them automatically are discussed. The information needed for safe reordering is summarized, and which types can be inferred automatically and which must be provided by the user are considered. An improved method for determining a good order for the goals of PROLOG clauses is presented and used as the basis for a reordering system.

Agent planning in AgScala

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tošić, Saša; Mitrović, Dejan; Ivanović, Mirjana

2013-10-01

Agent-oriented programming languages are designed to simplify the development of software agents, especially those that exhibit complex, intelligent behavior. This paper presents recent improvements of AgScala, an agent-oriented programming language based on Scala. AgScala includes declarative constructs for managing beliefs, actions and goals of intelligent agents. Combined with object-oriented and functional programming paradigms offered by Scala, it aims to be an efficient framework for developing both purely reactive, and more complex, deliberate agents. Instead of the Prolog back-end used initially, the new version of AgScala relies on Agent Planning Package, a more advanced system for automated planning and reasoning.

Automated knowledge-base refinement

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mooney, Raymond J.

1994-01-01

Over the last several years, we have developed several systems for automatically refining incomplete and incorrect knowledge bases. These systems are given an imperfect rule base and a set of training examples and minimally modify the knowledge base to make it consistent with the examples. One of our most recent systems, FORTE, revises first-order Horn-clause knowledge bases. This system can be viewed as automatically debugging Prolog programs based on examples of correct and incorrect I/O pairs. In fact, we have already used the system to debug simple Prolog programs written by students in a programming language course. FORTE has also been used to automatically induce and revise qualitative models of several continuous dynamic devices from qualitative behavior traces. For example, it has been used to induce and revise a qualitative model of a portion of the Reaction Control System (RCS) of the NASA Space Shuttle. By fitting a correct model of this portion of the RCS to simulated qualitative data from a faulty system, FORTE was also able to correctly diagnose simple faults in this system.

Expert system validation in prolog

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stock, Todd; Stachowitz, Rolf; Chang, Chin-Liang; Combs, Jacqueline

1988-01-01

An overview of the Expert System Validation Assistant (EVA) is being implemented in Prolog at the Lockheed AI Center. Prolog was chosen to facilitate rapid prototyping of the structure and logic checkers and since February 1987, we have implemented code to check for irrelevance, subsumption, duplication, deadends, unreachability, and cycles. The architecture chosen is extremely flexible and expansible, yet concise and complementary with the normal interactive style of Prolog. The foundation of the system is in the connection graph representation. Rules and facts are modeled as nodes in the graph and arcs indicate common patterns between rules. The basic activity of the validation system is then a traversal of the connection graph, searching for various patterns the system recognizes as erroneous. To aid in specifying these patterns, a metalanguage is developed, providing the user with the basic facilities required to reason about the expert system. Using the metalanguage, the user can, for example, give the Prolog inference engine the goal of finding inconsistent conclusions among the rules, and Prolog will search the graph intantiations which can match the definition of inconsistency. Examples of code for some of the checkers are provided and the algorithms explained. Technical highlights include automatic construction of a connection graph, demonstration of the use of metalanguage, the A* algorithm modified to detect all unique cycles, general-purpose stacks in Prolog, and a general-purpose database browser with pattern completion.

Software organization for a prolog-based prototyping system for machine vision

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jones, Andrew C.; Hack, Ralf; Batchelor, Bruce G.

1996-11-01

We describe PIP (prolog image processing)--a prototype system for interactive image processing using Prolog, implemented on an Apple Macintosh computer. PIP is the latest in a series of products that the third author has been involved in the implementation of, under the collective title Prolog+. PIP differs from our previous systems in two particularly important respects. The first is that whereas we previously required dedicated image processing hardware, the present system implements image processing routines using software. The second difference is that our present system is hierarchical in structure, where the top level of the hierarchy emulates Prolog+, but there is a flexible infrastructure which supports more sophisticated image manipulation which we will be able to exploit in due course . We discuss the impact of the Apple Macintosh operating system upon the implementation of the image processing functions, and the interface between these functions and the Prolog system. We also explain how the existing set of Prolog+ commands has been implemented. PIP is now nearing maturity, and we will make a version of it generally available in the near future. However, although the represent version of PIP constitutes a complete image processing tool, there are a number of ways in which we are intending to enhance future versions, with a view to added flexibility and efficiency: we discuss these ideas briefly near the end of the present paper.

Enhancing the Dependability of Complex Missions Through Automated Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-01

triangular or self - referential relationships. The Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL)—a W3C-approved OWL extension—addresses some of these limitations by...SWRL extends OWL with Horn-like rules that can model complex relational structures and self - referential relationships; Prolog extends OWL+SWRL with the...8]. Additionally, multi-agent model checking has been used to verify OWL-S process models [9]. OWL is a powerful knowledge representation formalism

A rule based computer aided design system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Premack, T.

1986-01-01

A Computer Aided Design (CAD) system is presented which supports the iterative process of design, the dimensional continuity between mating parts, and the hierarchical structure of the parts in their assembled configuration. Prolog, an interactive logic programming language, is used to represent and interpret the data base. The solid geometry representing the parts is defined in parameterized form using the swept volume method. The system is demonstrated with a design of a spring piston.

Software implementation of the SKIPSM paradigm under PIP

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hack, Ralf; Waltz, Frederick M.; Batchelor, Bruce G.

1997-09-01

SKIPSM (separated-kernel image processing using finite state machines) is a technique for implementing large-kernel binary- morphology operators and many other operations. While earlier papers on SKIPSM concentrated mainly on implementations using pipelined hardware, there is considerable scope for achieving major speed improvements in software systems. Using identical control software, one-pass binary erosion and dilation structuring elements (SEs) ranging from the trivial (3 by 3) to the gigantic (51 by 51, or even larger), are readily available. Processing speed is independent of the size of the SE, making the SKIPSM approach practical for work with very large SEs on ordinary desktop computers. PIP (prolog image processing) is an interactive machine vision prototyping environment developed at the University of Wales Cardiff. It consists of a large number of image processing operators embedded within the standard AI language Prolog. This paper describes the SKIPSM implementation of binary morphology operators within PIP. A large set of binary erosion and dilation operations (circles, squares, diamonds, octagons, etc.) is available to the user through a command-line driven dialogue, via pull-down menus, or incorporated into standard (Prolog) programs. Little has been done thus far to optimize speed on this first software implementation of SKIPSM. Nevertheless, the results are impressive. The paper describes sample applications and presents timing figures. Readers have the opportunity to try out these operations on demonstration software written by the University of Wales, or via their WWW home page at http://bruce.cs.cf.ac.uk/bruce/index.html .

United States Air Force Summer Faculty Research Program, 1988. Program Technical Report. Volume 4

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-12-01

Professor SDecialty: Gas Phase Ion-Molecule Chem. Dept. of Chemistry Assigned: Air Force Geophysics Lab. Louisiana State University Choppin Hall...For Lucid Dr. Darin DeForest 55 Pre-Sort Processor Phase Distortion Dr. Paul Dingman Evaluation 56 A PROLOG Natural Language Front End Dr. Hugh...analysis in the electron impact mode. The column used was 25m x 0.25am ID bonded phase FSOT capillary column (#952525 Alltech and Associates), coated with

Active Knowledge Structures for Natural Language Processing.

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-01-01

specialist belief: Assume there is a lambda-expression "(LAMBDA L) immed-type-ofL" and Z = ((LAMBDA L) immed-type-of L) ( thalassemia ), we can describe...SPEC) -> ([AVG-PERSON] -> (VAL-FOR) -> CGREEK-PLCE)3 This expresses the various levels of specialized knowledge of thalassemia , depending on

A technique for solving constraint satisfaction problems using Prolog's definite clause grammars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nachtsheim, Philip R.

1988-01-01

A new technique for solving constraint satisfaction problems using Prolog's definite clause grammars is presented. It exploits the fact that the grammar rule notation can be viewed as a state exchange notation. The novel feature of the technique is that it can perform informed as well as blind search. It provides the Prolog programmer with a new technique for application to a wide range of design, scheduling, and planning problems.

Knowledge-based simulation for aerospace systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Will, Ralph W.; Sliwa, Nancy E.; Harrison, F. Wallace, Jr.

1988-01-01

Knowledge-based techniques, which offer many features that are desirable in the simulation and development of aerospace vehicle operations, exhibit many similarities to traditional simulation packages. The eventual solution of these systems' current symbolic processing/numeric processing interface problem will lead to continuous and discrete-event simulation capabilities in a single language, such as TS-PROLOG. Qualitative, totally-symbolic simulation methods are noted to possess several intrinsic characteristics that are especially revelatory of the system being simulated, and capable of insuring that all possible behaviors are considered.

Teaching Computer Languages and Elementary Theory for Mixed Audiences at University Level

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Christiansen, Henning

2004-09-01

Theoretical issues of computer science are traditionally taught in a way that presupposes a solid mathematical background and are usually considered more or less inaccessible for students without this. An effective methodology is described which has been developed for a target group of university students with different backgrounds such as natural science or humanities. It has been developed for a course that integrates theoretical material on computer languages and abstract machines with practical programming techniques. Prolog used as meta-language for describing language issues is the central instrument in the approach: Formal descriptions become running prototypes that are easy and appealing to test and modify, and can be extended into analyzers, interpreters, and tools such as tracers and debuggers. Experience shows a high learning curve, especially when the principles are extended into a learning-by-doing approach having the students to develop such descriptions themselves from an informal introduction.

The rid-redundant procedure in C-Prolog

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chen, Huo-Yan; Wah, Benjamin W.

1987-01-01

C-Prolog can conveniently be used for logical inferences on knowledge bases. However, as similar to many search methods using backward chaining, a large number of redundant computation may be produced in recursive calls. To overcome this problem, the 'rid-redundant' procedure was designed to rid all redundant computations in running multi-recursive procedures. Experimental results obtained for C-Prolog on the Vax 11/780 computer show that there is an order of magnitude improvement in the running time and solvable problem size.

Aquarius Project: Research in the System Architecture of Accelerators for the High Performance Execution of Logic Programs.

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-05-31

benchmarks ............ .... . .. .. . . .. 220 Appendix G : Source code of the Aquarius Prolog compiler ........ . 224 Chapter I Introduction "You’re given...notation, a tool that is used throughout the compiler’s implementation. Appendix F lists the source code of the C and Prolog benchmarks. Appendix G lists the...source code of the compilcr. 5 "- standard form Prolog / a-sfomadon / head umrvln Convert to tmeikernel Prol g vrans~fonaon 1symbolic execution

Functional Programming in Computer Science

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Anderson, Loren James; Davis, Marion Kei

We explore functional programming through a 16-week internship at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Functional programming is a branch of computer science that has exploded in popularity over the past decade due to its high-level syntax, ease of parallelization, and abundant applications. First, we summarize functional programming by listing the advantages of functional programming languages over the usual imperative languages, and we introduce the concept of parsing. Second, we discuss the importance of lambda calculus in the theory of functional programming. Lambda calculus was invented by Alonzo Church in the 1930s to formalize the concept of effective computability, and every functionalmore » language is essentially some implementation of lambda calculus. Finally, we display the lasting products of the internship: additions to a compiler and runtime system for the pure functional language STG, including both a set of tests that indicate the validity of updates to the compiler and a compiler pass that checks for illegal instances of duplicate names.« less

Model-Driven Engineering of Machine Executable Code

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eichberg, Michael; Monperrus, Martin; Kloppenburg, Sven; Mezini, Mira

Implementing static analyses of machine-level executable code is labor intensive and complex. We show how to leverage model-driven engineering to facilitate the design and implementation of programs doing static analyses. Further, we report on important lessons learned on the benefits and drawbacks while using the following technologies: using the Scala programming language as target of code generation, using XML-Schema to express a metamodel, and using XSLT to implement (a) transformations and (b) a lint like tool. Finally, we report on the use of Prolog for writing model transformations.

Explicit Substitutions and All That

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ayala-Rincon, Mauricio; Munoz, Cesar

2000-01-01

Explicit substitution calculi are extensions of the lambda-calculus where the substitution mechanism is internalized into the theory. This feature makes them suitable for implementation and theoretical study of logic-based tools such as strongly typed programming languages and proof assistant systems. In this paper we explore new developments on two of the most successful styles of explicit substitution calculi: the lambda sigma- and lambda S(e)-calculi.

Explicit Substitutions and All That

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ayala-Rincon, Mauricio; Munoz, Cesar; Busnell, Dennis M. (Technical Monitor)

2000-01-01

Explicit substitution calculi are extensions of the Lambda-calculus where the substitution mechanism is internalized into the theory. This feature makes them suitable for implementation and theoretical study of logic-based tools such as strongly typed programming languages and proof assistant systems. In this paper we explore new developments on two of the most successful styles of explicit substitution calculi: the lambda(sigma)- and lambda(s(e))-calculi.

Artificial Intelligence in a German Adventure Game: Spion in PROLOG.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Molla, Steven R.; And Others

1988-01-01

Spion, an adventure game for intermediate and advanced college German students, requires players to communicate with a fictitious agent in complete, correct German sentences. The spy game was written in PROLOG, runs on an IBM-PC, and is available at no cost for noncommercial purposes. (Author/CB)

Development of the Diagnostic Expert System for Tea Processing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yoshitomi, Hitoshi; Yamaguchi, Yuichi

A diagnostic expert system for tea processing which can presume the cause of the defect of the processed tea was developed to contribute to the improvement of tea processing. This system that consists of some programs can be used through the Internet. The inference engine, the core of the system adopts production system which is well used on artificial intelligence, and is coded by Prolog as the artificial intelligence oriented language. At present, 176 rules for inference have been registered on this system. The system will be able to presume better if more rules are added to the system.

Towards Just-In-Time Partial Evaluation of Prolog

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bolz, Carl Friedrich; Leuschel, Michael; Rigo, Armin

We introduce a just-in-time specializer for Prolog. Just-in-time specialization attempts to unify of the concepts and benefits of partial evaluation (PE) and just-in-time (JIT) compilation. It is a variant of PE that occurs purely at runtime, which lazily generates residual code and is constantly driven by runtime feedback.

A Prolog Emulator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tick, Evan

1987-01-01

This note describes an efficient software emulator for the Warren Abstract Machine (WAM) Prolog architecture. The version of the WAM implemented is called Lcode. The Lcode emulator, written in C, executes the 'naive reverse' benchmark at 3900 LIPS. The emulator is one of a set of tools used to measure the memory-referencing characteristics and performance of Prolog programs. These tools include a compiler, assembler, and memory simulators. An overview of the Lcode architecture is given here, followed by a description and listing of the emulator code implementing each Lcode instruction. This note will be of special interest to those studying the WAM and its performance characteristics. In general, this note will be of interest to those creating efficient software emulators for abstract machine architectures.

Process Materialization Using Templates and Rules to Design Flexible Process Models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, Akhil; Yao, Wen

The main idea in this paper is to show how flexible processes can be designed by combining generic process templates and business rules. We instantiate a process by applying rules to specific case data, and running a materialization algorithm. The customized process instance is then executed in an existing workflow engine. We present an architecture and also give an algorithm for process materialization. The rules are written in a logic-based language like Prolog. Our focus is on capturing deeper process knowledge and achieving a holistic approach to robust process design that encompasses control flow, resources and data, as well as makes it easier to accommodate changes to business policy.

Development Of Knowledge Systems For Trouble Shooting Complex Production Machinery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sanford, Richard L.; Novak, Thomas; Meigs, James R.

1987-05-01

This paper discusses the use of knowledge base system software for microcomputers to aid repairmen in diagnosing electrical failures in complex mining machinery. The knowledge base is constructed to allow the user to input initial symptoms of the failed machine, and the most probable cause of failure is traced through the knowledge base, with the software requesting additional information such as voltage or resistance measurements as needed. Although the case study presented is for an underground mining machine, results have application to any industry using complex machinery. Two commercial expert-system development tools (M1 TM and Insight 2+TM) and an Al language (Turbo PrologTM) are discussed with emphasis on ease of application and suitability for this study.

A Prototype Silicon Compiler in Prolog

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-12-01

A Prototype Silicon Compiler in Prolog 04 William Bush Gino Cheng Partrick C. McGeer Alvin M. Despain DTIC ELECTV JUL 281989 B Report No. UCB/CSD 88...the same register to variables in the same positions in invo- cation and head. Thus in ... g(A, B ),.. and g(X, Y) A and X share one register, and B ...example for a one-bit adder is given below. x = compl(or(and(c,or(a, b )),and(a, b ))). y = compl(or(and(x,or(a, b ,c)),and(a2b,c))). sum = compl(y). carry

A Diagrammatic Language for Biochemical Networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maimon, Ron

2002-03-01

I present a diagrammatic language for representing the structure of biochemical networks. The language is designed to represent modular structure in a computational fasion, with composition of reactions replacing functional composition. This notation is used to represent arbitrarily large networks efficiently. The notation finds its most natural use in representing biological interaction networks, but it is a general computing language appropriate to any naturally occuring computation. Unlike lambda-calculus, or text-derived languages, it does not impose a tree-structure on the diagrams, and so is more effective at representing biological fucntion than competing notations.

BioMake: a GNU make-compatible utility for declarative workflow management.

PubMed

Holmes, Ian H; Mungall, Christopher J

2017-11-01

The Unix 'make' program is widely used in bioinformatics pipelines, but suffers from problems that limit its application to large analysis datasets. These include reliance on file modification times to determine whether a target is stale, lack of support for parallel execution on clusters, and restricted flexibility to extend the underlying logic program. We present BioMake, a make-like utility that is compatible with most features of GNU Make and adds support for popular cluster-based job-queue engines, MD5 signatures as an alternative to timestamps, and logic programming extensions in Prolog. BioMake is available for MacOSX and Linux systems from https://github.com/evoldoers/biomake under the BSD3 license. The only dependency is SWI-Prolog (version 7), available from http://www.swi-prolog.org/. ihholmes + biomake@gmail.com or cmungall + biomake@gmail.com. Feature table comparing BioMake to similar tools. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. © The Author (2017). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com

A more randomly organized grey matter network is associated with deteriorating language and global cognition in individuals with subjective cognitive decline.

PubMed

Verfaillie, Sander C J; Slot, Rosalinde E R; Dicks, Ellen; Prins, Niels D; Overbeek, Jozefien M; Teunissen, Charlotte E; Scheltens, Philip; Barkhof, Frederik; van der Flier, Wiesje M; Tijms, Betty M

2018-03-30

Grey matter network disruptions in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are associated with worse cognitive impairment cross-sectionally. Our aim was to investigate whether indications of a more random network organization are associated with longitudinal decline in specific cognitive functions in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). We included 231 individuals with SCD who had annually repeated neuropsychological assessment (3 ± 1 years; n = 646 neuropsychological investigations) available from the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort (54% male, age: 63 ± 9, MMSE: 28 ± 2). Single-subject grey matter networks were extracted from baseline 3D-T1 MRI scans and we computed basic network (size, degree, connectivity density) and higher-order (path length, clustering, betweenness centrality, normalized path length [lambda] and normalized clustering [gamma]) parameters at whole brain and/or regional levels. We tested associations of network parameters with baseline and annual cognition (memory, attention, executive functioning, language composite scores, and global cognition [all domains with MMSE]) using linear mixed models, adjusted for age, sex, education, scanner and total gray matter volume. Lower network size was associated with steeper decline in language (β ± SE = 0.12 ± 0.05, p < 0.05FDR). Higher-order network parameters showed no cross-sectional associations. Lower gamma and lambda values were associated with steeper decline in global cognition (gamma: β ± SE = 0.06 ± 0.02); lambda: β ± SE = 0.06 ± 0.02), language (gamma: β ± SE = 0.11 ± 0.04; lambda: β ± SE = 0.12 ± 0.05; all p < 0.05FDR). Lower path length values in precuneus and fronto-temporo-occipital cortices were associated with a steeper decline in global cognition. A more randomly organized grey matter network was associated with a steeper decline of cognitive functioning, possibly indicating the start of cognitive impairment. © 2018 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Implementation and performance of parallel Prolog interpreter

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wei, S.; Kale, L.V.; Balkrishna, R.

1988-01-01

In this paper, the authors discuss the implementation of a parallel Prolog interpreter on different parallel machines. The implementation is based on the REDUCE--OR process model which exploits both AND and OR parallelism in logic programs. It is machine independent as it runs on top of the chare-kernel--a machine-independent parallel programming system. The authors also give the performance of the interpreter running a diverse set of benchmark pargrams on parallel machines including shared memory systems: an Alliant FX/8, Sequent and a MultiMax, and a non-shared memory systems: Intel iPSC/32 hypercube, in addition to its performance on a multiprocessor simulation system.

Retrofitting the AutoBayes Program Synthesis System with Concrete Syntax

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fischer, Bernd; Visser, Eelco

2004-01-01

AutoBayes is a fully automatic, schema-based program synthesis system for statistical data analysis applications. Its core component is a schema library. i.e., a collection of generic code templates with associated applicability constraints which are instantiated in a problem-specific way during synthesis. Currently, AutoBayes is implemented in Prolog; the schemas thus use abstract syntax (i.e., Prolog terms) to formulate the templates. However, the conceptual distance between this abstract representation and the concrete syntax of the generated programs makes the schemas hard to create and maintain. In this paper we describe how AutoBayes is retrofitted with concrete syntax. We show how it is integrated into Prolog and describe how the seamless interaction of concrete syntax fragments with AutoBayes's remaining legacy meta-programming kernel based on abstract syntax is achieved. We apply the approach to gradually mitigate individual schemas without forcing a disruptive migration of the entire system to a different First experiences show that a smooth migration can be achieved. Moreover, it can result in a considerable reduction of the code size and improved readability of the code. In particular, abstracting out fresh-variable generation and second-order term construction allows the formulation of larger continuous fragments.

The Formal Semantics of PVS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Owre, Sam; Shankar, Natarajan

1999-01-01

A specification language is a medium for expressing what is computed rather than how it is computed. Specification languages share some features with programming languages but are also different in several important ways. For our purpose, a specification language is a logic within which the behavior of computational systems can be formalized. Although a specification can be used to simulate the behavior of such systems, we mainly use specifications to state and prove system properties with mechanical assistance. We present the formal semantics of the specification language of SRI's Prototype Verification System (PVS). This specification language is based on the simply typed lambda calculus. The novelty in PVS is that it contains very expressive language features whose static analysis (e.g., typechecking) requires the assistance of a theorem prover. The formal semantics illuminates several of the design considerations underlying PVS, the interaction between theorem proving and typechecking.

Using hypermedia to develop an intelligent tutorial/diagnostic system for the Space Shuttle Main Engine Controller Lab

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Oreilly, Daniel; Williams, Robert; Yarborough, Kevin

1988-01-01

This is a tutorial/diagnostic system for training personnel in the use of the Space Shuttle Main Engine Controller (SSMEC) Simulation Lab. It also provides a diagnostic capable of isolating lab failures at least to the major lab component. The system was implemented using Hypercard, which is an program of hypermedia running on Apple Macintosh computers. Hypercard proved to be a viable platform for the development and use of sophisticated tutorial systems and moderately capable diagnostic systems. This tutorial/diagnostic system uses the basic Hypercard tools to provide the tutorial. The diagnostic part of the system uses a simple interpreter written in the Hypercard language (Hypertalk) to implement the backward chaining rule based logic commonly found in diagnostic systems using Prolog. Some of the advantages of Hypercard in developing this type of system include sophisticated graphics, animation, sound and voice capabilities, its ability as a hypermedia tool, and its ability to include digitized pictures. The major disadvantage is the slow execution time for evaluation of rules (due to the interpretive processing of the language). Other disadvantages include the limitation on the size of the cards, that color is not supported, that it does not support grey scale graphics, and its lack of selectable fonts for text fields.

Qualitative spatial logic descriptors from 3D indoor scenes to generate explanations in natural language.

PubMed

Falomir, Zoe; Kluth, Thomas

2017-06-24

The challenge of describing 3D real scenes is tackled in this paper using qualitative spatial descriptors. A key point to study is which qualitative descriptors to use and how these qualitative descriptors must be organized to produce a suitable cognitive explanation. In order to find answers, a survey test was carried out with human participants which openly described a scene containing some pieces of furniture. The data obtained in this survey are analysed, and taking this into account, the QSn3D computational approach was developed which uses a XBox 360 Kinect to obtain 3D data from a real indoor scene. Object features are computed on these 3D data to identify objects in indoor scenes. The object orientation is computed, and qualitative spatial relations between the objects are extracted. These qualitative spatial relations are the input to a grammar which applies saliency rules obtained from the survey study and generates cognitive natural language descriptions of scenes. Moreover, these qualitative descriptors can be expressed as first-order logical facts in Prolog for further reasoning. Finally, a validation study is carried out to test whether the descriptions provided by QSn3D approach are human readable. The obtained results show that their acceptability is higher than 82%.

War of Ontology Worlds: Mathematics, Computer Code, or Esperanto?

PubMed Central

Rzhetsky, Andrey; Evans, James A.

2011-01-01

The use of structured knowledge representations—ontologies and terminologies—has become standard in biomedicine. Definitions of ontologies vary widely, as do the values and philosophies that underlie them. In seeking to make these views explicit, we conducted and summarized interviews with a dozen leading ontologists. Their views clustered into three broad perspectives that we summarize as mathematics, computer code, and Esperanto. Ontology as mathematics puts the ultimate premium on rigor and logic, symmetry and consistency of representation across scientific subfields, and the inclusion of only established, non-contradictory knowledge. Ontology as computer code focuses on utility and cultivates diversity, fitting ontologies to their purpose. Like computer languages C++, Prolog, and HTML, the code perspective holds that diverse applications warrant custom designed ontologies. Ontology as Esperanto focuses on facilitating cross-disciplinary communication, knowledge cross-referencing, and computation across datasets from diverse communities. We show how these views align with classical divides in science and suggest how a synthesis of their concerns could strengthen the next generation of biomedical ontologies. PMID:21980276

Expert systems for fault diagnosis in nuclear reactor control

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jalel, N. A.; Nicholson, H.

1990-11-01

An expert system for accident analysis and fault diagnosis for the Loss Of Fluid Test (LOFT) reactor, a small scale pressurized water reactor, was developed for a personal computer. The knowledge of the system is presented using a production rule approach with a backward chaining inference engine. The data base of the system includes simulated dependent state variables of the LOFT reactor model. Another system is designed to assist the operator in choosing the appropriate cooling mode and to diagnose the fault in the selected cooling system. The response tree, which is used to provide the link between a list of very specific accident sequences and a set of generic emergency procedures which help the operator in monitoring system status, and to differentiate between different accident sequences and select the correct procedures, is used to build the system knowledge base. Both systems are written in TURBO PROLOG language and can be run on an IBM PC compatible with 640k RAM, 40 Mbyte hard disk and color graphics.

War of ontology worlds: mathematics, computer code, or Esperanto?

PubMed

Rzhetsky, Andrey; Evans, James A

2011-09-01

The use of structured knowledge representations-ontologies and terminologies-has become standard in biomedicine. Definitions of ontologies vary widely, as do the values and philosophies that underlie them. In seeking to make these views explicit, we conducted and summarized interviews with a dozen leading ontologists. Their views clustered into three broad perspectives that we summarize as mathematics, computer code, and Esperanto. Ontology as mathematics puts the ultimate premium on rigor and logic, symmetry and consistency of representation across scientific subfields, and the inclusion of only established, non-contradictory knowledge. Ontology as computer code focuses on utility and cultivates diversity, fitting ontologies to their purpose. Like computer languages C++, Prolog, and HTML, the code perspective holds that diverse applications warrant custom designed ontologies. Ontology as Esperanto focuses on facilitating cross-disciplinary communication, knowledge cross-referencing, and computation across datasets from diverse communities. We show how these views align with classical divides in science and suggest how a synthesis of their concerns could strengthen the next generation of biomedical ontologies.

A computable expression of closure to efficient causation.

PubMed

Mossio, Matteo; Longo, Giuseppe; Stewart, John

2009-04-07

In this paper, we propose a mathematical expression of closure to efficient causation in terms of lambda-calculus; we argue that this opens up the perspective of developing principled computer simulations of systems closed to efficient causation in an appropriate programming language. An important implication of our formulation is that, by exhibiting an expression in lambda-calculus, which is a paradigmatic formalism for computability and programming, we show that there are no conceptual or principled problems in realizing a computer simulation or model of closure to efficient causation. We conclude with a brief discussion of the question whether closure to efficient causation captures all relevant properties of living systems. We suggest that it might not be the case, and that more complex definitions could indeed create crucial some obstacles to computability.

The concept of aging in ayurveda.

PubMed

Dwivedi, K K; Paul, M; Behere, P B; Singh, R H

1993-01-01

The present study reveals that the process of aging was elaborately described in Ayurveda. In order to prology the life span and to promote longevity a separate discipline called Rasayana Tantra was also developed. The sailent feature of this discipline are described in this article.

A Logic Basis for Information Retrieval.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Watters, C. R.; Shepherd, M. A.

1987-01-01

Discusses the potential of recent work in artificial intelligence, especially expert systems, for the development of more effective information retrieval systems. Highlights include the role of an expert bibliographic retrieval system and a prototype expert retrieval system, PROBIB-2, that uses MicroProlog to provide deductive reasoning…

A prototype system for perinatal knowledge engineering using an artificial intelligence tool.

PubMed

Sokol, R J; Chik, L

1988-01-01

Though several perinatal expert systems are extant, the use of artificial intelligence has, as yet, had minimal impact in medical computing. In this evaluation of the potential of AI techniques in the development of a computer based "Perinatal Consultant," a "top down" approach to the development of a perinatal knowledge base was taken, using as a source for such a knowledge base a 30-page manuscript of a chapter concerning high risk pregnancy. The UNIX utility "style" was used to parse sentences and obtain key words and phrases, both as part of a natural language interface and to identify key perinatal concepts. Compared with the "gold standard" of sentences containing key facts as chosen by the experts, a semiautomated method using a nonmedical speller to identify key words and phrases in context functioned with a sensitivity of 79%, i.e., approximately 8 in 10 key sentences were detected as the basis for PROLOG, rules and facts for the knowledge base. These encouraging results suggest that functional perinatal expert systems may well be expedited by using programming utilities in conjunction with AI tools and published literature.

AI in the Elementary, Middle, and Secondary Classroom.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kirkpatrick, Susan N.; Biglan, Barbara

1990-01-01

Describes activities that present concepts and applications of artificial intelligence (AI) for elementary and secondary school students. The use of Logo with elementary students is discussed; appropriate software is described; programing activities using Logo, BASIC, and Prolog are examined; and the field of robotics is discussed. (four…

Development of the CODER System: A Testbed for Artificial Intelligence Methods in Information Retrieval.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fox, Edward A.

1987-01-01

Discusses the CODER system, which was developed to investigate the application of artificial intelligence methods to increase the effectiveness of information retrieval systems, particularly those involving heterogeneous documents. Highlights include the use of PROLOG programing, blackboard-based designs, knowledge engineering, lexicological…

Five-Body Cluster Structure of the Double-{Lambda} Hypernucleus {sub {Lambda}{Lambda}}{sup 11}Be

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hiyama, E.; Kamimura, M.; Yamamoto, Y.

2010-05-28

Energy levels of the double {Lambda} hypernucleus, {sub {Lambda}{Lambda}}{sup 11}Be are calculated within the framework of a {alpha}{alpha}n{Lambda}{Lambda} five-body model. Interactions between constituent particles are determined so as to reproduce reasonably the observed low-energy properties of the {alpha}{alpha}, {alpha}{alpha}n nuclei and the existing data for {Lambda}-binding energies of the {alpha}{Lambda}, {alpha}{alpha}{Lambda}, {alpha}n{Lambda}, and {alpha}{alpha}n{Lambda} systems. An effective {Lambda}{Lambda} interaction is constructed so as to reproduce, within the {alpha}{Lambda}{Lambda} three-body model, the B{sub {Lambda}{Lambda}}of {sub {Lambda}{Lambda}}{sup 6}He, which was extracted from the emulsion experiment, the NAGARA event. With no adjustable parameters for the {alpha}{alpha}n{Lambda}{Lambda} system, B{sub {Lambda}{Lambda}}of the ground and boundmore » excited states of {sub {Lambda}{Lambda}}{sup 11}Be are calculated with the Gaussian expansion method. The Hida event, recently observed at KEK-E373 experiment, is interpreted as an observation of the ground state of the {sub {Lambda}{Lambda}}{sup 11}Be.« less

Study of {Lambda}-{Lambda} oscillation in quantum coherent {Lambda}{Lambda} by using J/{psi}{yields}{Lambda}{Lambda} decay

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kang Xianwei; Department of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007; Li Haibo

2010-03-01

We discuss the possibility of searching for the {Lambda}-{Lambda} oscillations for coherent {Lambda}{Lambda} production in the J/{psi}{yields}{Lambda}{Lambda} decay process. The sensitivity of measurement of {Lambda}-{Lambda} oscillation in the external field at BES-III experiment is considered. These considerations indicate an alternative way to probe the {Delta}B=2 amplitude in addition to neutron oscillation experiments. Both coherent and time-dependent information can be used to extract the {Lambda}-{Lambda} oscillation parameter. With one year's luminosity at BES-III, we can set an upper limit of {delta}m{sub {Lambda}{Lambda}<}10{sup -15} MeV at 90% confidence level, corresponding to about 10{sup -6} s of {Lambda}-{Lambda} oscillation time.

Experiments with microcomputer-based artificial intelligence environments

USGS Publications Warehouse

Summers, E.G.; MacDonald, R.A.

1988-01-01

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been experimenting with the use of relatively inexpensive microcomputers as artificial intelligence (AI) development environments. Several AI languages are available that perform fairly well on desk-top personal computers, as are low-to-medium cost expert system packages. Although performance of these systems is respectable, their speed and capacity limitations are questionable for serious earth science applications foreseen by the USGS. The most capable artificial intelligence applications currently are concentrated on what is known as the "artificial intelligence computer," and include Xerox D-series, Tektronix 4400 series, Symbolics 3600, VAX, LMI, and Texas Instruments Explorer. The artificial intelligence computer runs expert system shells and Lisp, Prolog, and Smalltalk programming languages. However, these AI environments are expensive. Recently, inexpensive 32-bit hardware has become available for the IBM/AT microcomputer. USGS has acquired and recently completed Beta-testing of the Gold Hill Systems 80386 Hummingboard, which runs Common Lisp on an IBM/AT microcomputer. Hummingboard appears to have the potential to overcome many of the speed/capacity limitations observed with AI-applications on standard personal computers. USGS is a Beta-test site for the Gold Hill Systems GoldWorks expert system. GoldWorks combines some high-end expert system shell capabilities in a medium-cost package. This shell is developed in Common Lisp, runs on the 80386 Hummingboard, and provides some expert system features formerly available only on AI-computers including frame and rule-based reasoning, on-line tutorial, multiple inheritance, and object-programming. ?? 1988 International Association for Mathematical Geology.

Ontology and medical diagnosis.

PubMed

Bertaud-Gounot, Valérie; Duvauferrier, Régis; Burgun, Anita

2012-03-01

Ontology and associated generic tools are appropriate for knowledge modeling and reasoning, but most of the time, disease definitions in existing description logic (DL) ontology are not sufficient to classify patient's characteristics under a particular disease because they do not formalize operational definitions of diseases (association of signs and symptoms=diagnostic criteria). The main objective of this study is to propose an ontological representation which takes into account the diagnostic criteria on which specific patient conditions may be classified under a specific disease. This method needs as a prerequisite a clear list of necessary and sufficient diagnostic criteria as defined for lots of diseases by learned societies. It does not include probability/uncertainty which Web Ontology Language (OWL 2.0) cannot handle. We illustrate it with spondyloarthritis (SpA). Ontology has been designed in Protégé 4.1 OWL-DL2.0. Several kinds of criteria were formalized: (1) mandatory criteria, (2) picking two criteria among several diagnostic criteria, (3) numeric criteria. Thirty real patient cases were successfully classified with the reasoner. This study shows that it is possible to represent operational definitions of diseases with OWL and successfully classify real patient cases. Representing diagnostic criteria as descriptive knowledge (instead of rules in Semantic Web Rule Language or Prolog) allows us to take advantage of tools already available for OWL. While we focused on Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society SpA criteria, we believe that many of the representation issues addressed here are relevant to using OWL-DL for operational definition of other diseases in ontology.

Shell-model predictions for Lambda Lambda hypernuclei

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gal, A.; Millener, D.

2011-06-02

It is shown how the recent shell-model determination of {Lambda}N spin-dependent interaction terms in {Lambda} hypernuclei allows for a reliable deduction of {Lambda}{Lambda} separation energies in {Lambda}{Lambda} hypernuclei across the nuclear p shell. Comparison is made with the available data, highlighting {sub {Lambda}{Lambda}}{sup 11}Be and {sub {Lambda}{Lambda}}{sup 12}Be which have been suggested as possible candidates for the KEK-E373 HIDA event.

AppBuilder for DSSTools; an application development environment for developing decision support systems in Prolog

Treesearch

Geneho Kim; Donald Nute; H. Michael Rauscher; David L. Loftis

2000-01-01

A programming environment for developing complex decision support systems (DSSs) should support rapid prototyping and modular design, feature a flexible knowledge representation scheme and sound inference mechanisms, provide project management, and be domain independent. We have previously developed DSSTools (Decision Support System Tools), a reusable, domain-...

Using Vector and Extended Boolean Matching in an Expert System for Selecting Foster Homes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fox, Edward A.; Winett, Sheila G.

1990-01-01

Describes FOCES (Foster Care Expert System), a prototype expert system for choosing foster care placements for children which integrates information retrieval techniques with artificial intelligence. The use of prototypes and queries in Prolog routines, extended Boolean matching, and vector correlation are explained, as well as evaluation by…

ALICE Expert System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ionita, C.; Carena, F.

2014-06-01

The ALICE experiment at CERN employs a number of human operators (shifters), who have to make sure that the experiment is always in a state compatible with taking Physics data. Given the complexity of the system and the myriad of errors that can arise, this is not always a trivial task. The aim of this paper is to describe an expert system that is capable of assisting human shifters in the ALICE control room. The system diagnoses potential issues and attempts to make smart recommendations for troubleshooting. At its core, a Prolog engine infers whether a Physics or a technical run can be started based on the current state of the underlying sub-systems. A separate C++ component queries certain SMI objects and stores their state as facts in a Prolog knowledge base. By mining the data stored in different system logs, the expert system can also diagnose errors arising during a run. Currently the system is used by the on-call experts for faster response times, but we expect it to be adopted as a standard tool by regular shifters during the next data taking period.

Measurement of the forward-backward asymmetry of $$\\Lambda$$ and $$\\bar{\\Lambda}$$ production in $$p \\bar{p}$$ collisions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Abazov, Victor Mukhamedovich

Here, we studymore » $$\\Lambda$$ and $$\\bar{\\Lambda}$$ production asymmetries in $$p \\bar{p} \\rightarrow \\Lambda (\\bar{\\Lambda}) X$$, $$p \\bar{p} \\rightarrow J/\\psi \\Lambda (\\bar{\\Lambda}) X$$, and $$p \\bar{p} \\rightarrow \\mu^\\pm \\Lambda (\\bar{\\Lambda}) X$$ events recorded by the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider at $$\\sqrt{s} = 1.96$$ TeV. We find an excess of $$\\Lambda$$'s ($$\\bar{\\Lambda}$$'s) produced in the proton (antiproton) direction. This forward-backward asymmetry is measured as a function of rapidity. We confirm that the $$\\bar{\\Lambda}/\\Lambda$$ production ratio, measured by several experiments with various targets and a wide range of energies, is a universal function of "rapidity loss", i.e., the rapidity difference of the beam proton and the lambda.« less

Measurement of the forward-backward asymmetry of $$\\Lambda$$ and $$\\bar{\\Lambda}$$ production in $$p \\bar{p}$$ collisions

DOE PAGES

Abazov, Victor Mukhamedovich

2016-02-09

Here, we studymore » $$\\Lambda$$ and $$\\bar{\\Lambda}$$ production asymmetries in $$p \\bar{p} \\rightarrow \\Lambda (\\bar{\\Lambda}) X$$, $$p \\bar{p} \\rightarrow J/\\psi \\Lambda (\\bar{\\Lambda}) X$$, and $$p \\bar{p} \\rightarrow \\mu^\\pm \\Lambda (\\bar{\\Lambda}) X$$ events recorded by the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider at $$\\sqrt{s} = 1.96$$ TeV. We find an excess of $$\\Lambda$$'s ($$\\bar{\\Lambda}$$'s) produced in the proton (antiproton) direction. This forward-backward asymmetry is measured as a function of rapidity. We confirm that the $$\\bar{\\Lambda}/\\Lambda$$ production ratio, measured by several experiments with various targets and a wide range of energies, is a universal function of "rapidity loss", i.e., the rapidity difference of the beam proton and the lambda.« less

Measurements of J/{psi} and {psi}(2S) decays into {lambda}{lambda}{pi}{sup 0} and {lambda}{lambda}{eta}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ablikim, M.; Bai, J. Z.; Cai, X.

2007-11-01

Using 58x10{sup 6} J/{psi} and 14x10{sup 6} {psi}(2S) events collected by the BESII detector at the BEPC, branching fractions or upper limits for the decays J/{psi} and {psi}(2S){yields}{lambda}{lambda}{pi}{sup 0} and {lambda}{lambda}{eta} are measured. For the isospin violating decays, the upper limits are determined to be B(J/{psi}{yields}{lambda}{lambda}{pi}{sup 0})<6.4x10{sup -5} and B[{psi}(2S){yields}{lambda}{lambda}{pi}{sup 0}]<4.9x10{sup -5} at the 90% confidence level. The isospin conserving process J/{psi}{yields}{lambda}{lambda}{eta} is observed for the first time, and its branching fraction is measured to be B(J/{psi}{yields}{lambda}{lambda}{eta})=(2.62{+-}0.60{+-}0.44)x10{sup -4}, where the first error is statistical and the second one is systematic. No {lambda}{lambda}{eta} signal is observed in {psi}(2S) decays, and B[{psi}(2S){yields}{lambda}{lambda}{eta}]<1.2x10{supmore » -4} is set at the 90% confidence level. Branching fractions of J/{psi} decays into {sigma}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{lambda} and {sigma}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}{lambda} are also reported, and the sum of these branching fractions is determined to be B(J/{psi}{yields}{sigma}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{lambda}+c.c.)=(1.52{+-}0.08{+-}0.16)x10{sup -3}.« less

Measurement of the branching fraction $${\\mathcal{B}}(\\Lambda^0_b\\rightarrow \\Lambda^+_c\\pi^-\\pi^+\\pi^-)$$ at CDF

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aaltonen, T.; /Helsinki Inst. of Phys.; Alvarez Gonzalez, B.

We report an analysis of the {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} decay in a data sample collected by the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron corresponding to 2.4 fb{sup -1} of integrated luminosity. We reconstruct the currently largest samples of the decay modes {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}(2595){sup +}{pi}{sup -} (with {Lambda}{sub c}(2595){sup +} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}), {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}(2625){sup +}{pi}{sup -} (with {Lambda}{sub c}(2625){sup +} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}), {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} {Sigma}{sub c}(2455){sup ++}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup -} (with {Sigma}{sub c}(2455){sup ++} {yields} {Lambda}{submore » c}{sup +}{pi}{sup +}), and {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} {Sigma}{sub c}(2455)0{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} (with {Sigma}{sub c}(2455)0 {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}) and measure the branching fractions relative to the {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} branching fraction. We measure the ratio {Beta}({Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -})/ {Beta}({Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -})=3.04 {+-} 0.33(stat){sub -0.55}{sup +0.70}(syst) which is used to derive {Beta}({Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -})=(26.8{sub -11.2}{sup +11.9}) x 10{sup -3}.« less

Study of B{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{lambda}{sub c} and B{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{lambda}{sub c}K

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cheng, H.-Y.; Hsiao, Y.-K.; Chua, C.-K.

2009-06-01

We study the doubly charmful two-body and three-body baryonic B decays B{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{lambda}{sub c}{sup -} and B{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{lambda}{sub c}{sup -}K. As pointed out before, a naive estimate of the branching ratio O(10{sup -8}) for the latter decay is too small by 3 to 4 orders of magnitude compared to experiment. Previously, it has been shown that a large enhancement for the {lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{lambda}{sub c}{sup -}K production can occur due to a charmoniumlike resonance (e.g. X(4630) discovered by Belle) with a mass near the {lambda}{sub c}{lambda}{sub c} threshold. Motivated by the BABAR's observation of a resonance in themore » {lambda}{sub c}K system with a mass of order 2930 MeV, we study in this work the contribution to B{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{lambda}{sub c}{sup -}K from the intermediate state {xi}{sub c}(2980) which is postulated to be a first positive-parity excited D-wave charmed baryon state. Assuming that a soft qq quark pair is produced through the {sigma} and {pi} meson exchanges in the configuration for B{yields}{xi}{sub c}(2980){lambda}{sub c} and {lambda}{sub c}{lambda}{sub c}, it is found that branching ratios of B{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{lambda}{sub c}{sup -}K and B{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{lambda}{sub c}{sup -} are of order 3.5x10{sup -4} and 5x10{sup -5}, respectively, in agreement with experiment except that the prediction for the {lambda}{sub c}{lambda}{sub c}K{sup -} is slightly smaller. In conjunction with our previous analysis, we conclude that the enormously large rate of B{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{lambda}{sub c}{sup -}K arises from the resonances {xi}{sub c}(2980) and X(4630)« less

Measurement of the $$\\Lambda_b$$ cross section and the $$_{\\bar{\\Lambda}_b}$$ to $$\\Lambda_b$$ ratio with $$J/\\Psi \\Lambda$$ decays in $pp$ collisions at $$\\sqrt{s}=7$$ TeV

DOE PAGES

Chatrchyan, Serguei; et al.

2013-07-16

The Lambda(b) differential production cross section and the cross section ratio anti-Lambda(b)/Lambda(b) are measured as functions of transverse momentum pt(Lambda(b)) and rapidity abs(y(Lambda(b))) in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The measurements are based on Lambda(b) decays reconstructed in the exclusive final state J/Psi Lambda, with the subsequent decays J/Psi to an opposite-sign muon pair and Lambda to proton pion, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.9 inverse femtobarns. The product of the cross section times the branching ratio for Lambda(b) to J/Psi Lambda versusmore » pt(Lambda(b)) falls faster than that of b mesons. The measured value of the cross section times the branching ratio for pt(Lambda(b)) > 10 GeV and abs(y(Lambda(b))) < 2.0 is 1.06 +/- 0.06 +/- 0.12 nb, and the integrated cross section ratio for anti-Lambda(b)/Lambda(b) is 1.02 +/- 0.07 +/- 0.09, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively.« less

Teaching and Learning Logic Programming in Virtual Worlds Using Interactive Microworld Representations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vosinakis, Spyros; Anastassakis, George; Koutsabasis, Panayiotis

2018-01-01

Logic Programming (LP) follows the declarative programming paradigm, which novice students often find hard to grasp. The limited availability of visual teaching aids for LP can lead to low motivation for learning. In this paper, we present a platform for teaching and learning Prolog in Virtual Worlds, which enables the visual interpretation and…

[The expression of interferon-lambda1 in CHO cell].

PubMed

Yuan, Wu-Mei; Ma, Fen-Lian; Zhang, Qian; Zheng, Wen-Zhi; Zheng, Li-Shu

2013-06-01

To construct the eukaryotic expression vector PCI-dhfr-lambda1 and PCI-dhfr-SP163-lambda1 which linked the enhancer SP163 with interferon lambda1. Then express the interferon lambda1 in CHO (dhfr-) cells. Using PCR method to introduce the restriction enzyme sites and through the fusion PCR binding the enhancer with the interferon Lambda1. After sequenced, lambda1 and SP163-lambda1 was inserted into PCI-dhfr forming the expression vector PCI-dhfr-lambda1 and PCI-dhfr-SP163-lambda1 which was constructed successfully confirming by sequencing. Then the expressing vectors were transfected into CHO (dhfr-) cells using liposome transfection method and interferon lambda1 protein was assayed with indirect immunofluorescence and Western Blot. Using cytopathic effect inhibition evaluated the antiviral activity of interferon lambda1. Successfully constructing the eukaryotic expression vectors of interferon lambda and the vectors could express interferon lambda1. The result of immunofluorescence showed the enhancer developed the expression of interferon lambda1. Detecting the interferon lambda1 in CHO (dhfr-) cells after transfecting 48 hour using Western Blot. The cytopathic effect inhibition showed the expressed interferon lambda1 has the antiviral activity. Successfully expressed the interferon lambda1 in CHO (dhfr-) cells and the protein possesses antiviral activity, which may supply a valuable basis for building the stable cell line of interferon lambda1.

Energy of the ground and 2{sup +} excited states of {sub {lambda}}{sub {lambda}}{sup 10}Be: A partial ten-body model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shoeb, Mohammad; Sonika

2009-08-15

The energies of the ground and excited 2{sup +} states of {sub {lambda}}{sub {lambda}}{sup 10}Be have been calculated variationally in the Monte Carlo framework. The hypernucleus is treated as a partial ten-body problem in the {lambda}{lambda}+{alpha}{alpha} model where nucleonic degrees of freedom of {alpha}'s are taken into consideration ignoring the antisymmetrization between two {alpha}'s. The central two-body {lambda}N and {lambda}{lambda} and the three-body dispersive and two-pion exchange {lambda}NN forces, constrained by the {lambda}p scattering data and the observed ground state energies of {sub {lambda}}{sup 5}He and {sub {lambda}}{sub {lambda}}{sup 6}He, are employed. The product-type trial wave function predicts binding energymore » for the ground state considerably less than for the event reported by Danysz et al.; however, it is consistent with the value deduced assuming a {gamma} ray of 3.04 MeV must have escaped undetected in the decay of the product {sub {lambda}}{sup 9}Be* {yields} {sub {lambda}}{sup 9}Be+{gamma} of the emulsion event {sub {lambda}}{sub {lambda}}{sup 10}Be{yields} {pi}{sup -}+p+{sub {lambda}}{sup 9}Be* and for the excited 2{sup +} state closer to the value measured in the Demachi-Yanagi event. The hypernucleus {sub {lambda}}{sub {lambda}}{sup 10}Be has an oblate shape in the excited state. These results are consistent with the earlier four-body {alpha} cluster model approach where {alpha}'s are assumed to be structureless entities.« less

Automated insertion of sequences into a ribosomal RNA alignment: An application of computational linguistics in molecular biology

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Taylor, R.C.

This thesis involved the construction of (1) a grammar that incorporates knowledge on base invariancy and secondary structure in a molecule and (2) a parser engine that uses the grammar to position bases into the structural subunits of the molecule. These concepts were combined with a novel pinning technique to form a tool that semi-automates insertion of a new species into the alignment for the 16S rRNA molecule (a component of the ribosome) maintained by Dr. Carl Woese's group at the University of Illinois at Urbana. The tool was tested on species extracted from the alignment and on a groupmore » of entirely new species. The results were very encouraging, and the tool should be substantial aid to the curators of the 16S alignment. The construction of the grammar was itself automated, allowing application of the tool to alignments for other molecules. The logic programming language Prolog was used to construct all programs involved. The computational linguistics approach used here was found to be a useful way to attach the problem of insertion into an alignment.« less

Automated insertion of sequences into a ribosomal RNA alignment: An application of computational linguistics in molecular biology

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Taylor, Ronald C.

This thesis involved the construction of (1) a grammar that incorporates knowledge on base invariancy and secondary structure in a molecule and (2) a parser engine that uses the grammar to position bases into the structural subunits of the molecule. These concepts were combined with a novel pinning technique to form a tool that semi-automates insertion of a new species into the alignment for the 16S rRNA molecule (a component of the ribosome) maintained by Dr. Carl Woese`s group at the University of Illinois at Urbana. The tool was tested on species extracted from the alignment and on a groupmore » of entirely new species. The results were very encouraging, and the tool should be substantial aid to the curators of the 16S alignment. The construction of the grammar was itself automated, allowing application of the tool to alignments for other molecules. The logic programming language Prolog was used to construct all programs involved. The computational linguistics approach used here was found to be a useful way to attach the problem of insertion into an alignment.« less

Workshop on data acquisition and trigger system simulations for high energy physics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1992-12-31

This report discusses the following topics: DAQSIM: A data acquisition system simulation tool; Front end and DCC Simulations for the SDC Straw Tube System; Simulation of Non-Blocklng Data Acquisition Architectures; Simulation Studies of the SDC Data Collection Chip; Correlation Studies of the Data Collection Circuit & The Design of a Queue for this Circuit; Fast Data Compression & Transmission from a Silicon Strip Wafer; Simulation of SCI Protocols in Modsim; Visual Design with vVHDL; Stochastic Simulation of Asynchronous Buffers; SDC Trigger Simulations; Trigger Rates, DAQ & Online Processing at the SSC; Planned Enhancements to MODSEM II & SIMOBJECT -- anmore » Overview -- R.; DAGAR -- A synthesis system; Proposed Silicon Compiler for Physics Applications; Timed -- LOTOS in a PROLOG Environment: an Algebraic language for Simulation; Modeling and Simulation of an Event Builder for High Energy Physics Data Acquisition Systems; A Verilog Simulation for the CDF DAQ; Simulation to Design with Verilog; The DZero Data Acquisition System: Model and Measurements; DZero Trigger Level 1.5 Modeling; Strategies Optimizing Data Load in the DZero Triggers; Simulation of the DZero Level 2 Data Acquisition System; A Fast Method for Calculating DZero Level 1 Jet Trigger Properties and Physics Input to DAQ Studies.« less

Lambda: A Mathematica package for operator product expansions in vertex algebras

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ekstrand, Joel

2011-02-01

We give an introduction to the Mathematica package Lambda, designed for calculating λ-brackets in both vertex algebras, and in SUSY vertex algebras. This is equivalent to calculating operator product expansions in two-dimensional conformal field theory. The syntax of λ-brackets is reviewed, and some simple examples are shown, both in component notation, and in N=1 superfield notation. Program summaryProgram title: Lambda Catalogue identifier: AEHF_v1_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEHF_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: GNU General Public License No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 18 087 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 131 812 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Mathematica Computer: See specifications for running Mathematica V7 or above. Operating system: See specifications for running Mathematica V7 or above. RAM: Varies greatly depending on calculation to be performed. Classification: 4.2, 5, 11.1. Nature of problem: Calculate operator product expansions (OPEs) of composite fields in 2d conformal field theory. Solution method: Implementation of the algebraic formulation of OPEs given by vertex algebras, and especially by λ-brackets. Running time: Varies greatly depending on calculation requested. The example notebook provided takes about 3 s to run.

Beauty Baryons at CDF and DO

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kryemadhi, Abaz

The results from Tevatron in the baryonic sector are presented. The lifetime of {lambda}b {yields} J/{psi}{lambda}, the observation of hadronic decay of {lambda}b {yields} {lambda}c{pi}, the semileptonic decays of {lambda}b {yields} {lambda}c{mu}{nu}, the hadronization of the b-baryons, and the {lambda}b decays to {lambda}b {yields} p{pi} and {lambda}b {yields} pK are discussed. These measurements paint a nice picture of our understanding of the beauty baryons.

Improved measurement of the form factors in the decay lambda+c-->lambda + nue.

PubMed

Hinson, J W; Huang, G S; Lee, J; Miller, D H; Pavlunin, V; Rangarajan, R; Sanghi, B; Shibata, E I; Shipsey, I P J; Cronin-Hennessy, D; Park, C S; Park, W; Thayer, J B; Thorndike, E H; Coan, T E; Gao, Y S; Liu, F; Stroynowski, R; Artuso, M; Boulahouache, C; Blusk, S; Dambasuren, E; Dorjkhaidav, O; Mountain, R; Muramatsu, H; Nandakumar, R; Skwarnicki, T; Stone, S; Wang, J C; Csorna, S E; Danko, I; Bonvicini, G; Cinabro, D; Dubrovin, M; McGee, S; Bornheim, A; Lipeles, E; Pappas, S P; Shapiro, A; Sun, W M; Weinstein, A J; Briere, R A; Chen, G P; Ferguson, T; Tatishvili, G; Vogel, H; Watkins, M E; Adam, N E; Alexander, J P; Berkelman, K; Boisvert, V; Cassel, D G; Duboscq, J E; Ecklund, K M; Ehrlich, R; Galik, R S; Gibbons, L; Gittelman, B; Gray, S W; Hartill, D L; Heltsley, B K; Hsu, L; Jones, C D; Kandaswamy, J; Kreinick, D L; Magerkurth, A; Mahlke-Krüger, H; Meyer, T O; Mistry, N B; Patterson, J R; Peterson, D; Pivarski, J; Richichi, S J; Riley, D; Sadoff, A J; Schwarthoff, H; Shepherd, M R; Thayer, J G; Urner, D; Wilksen, T; Warburton, A; Weinberger, M; Athar, S B; Avery, P; Breva-Newell, L; Potlia, V; Stoeck, H; Yelton, J; Benslama, K; Cawlfield, C; Eisenstein, B I; Gollin, G D; Karliner, I; Lowrey, N; Plager, C; Sedlack, C; Selen, M; Thaler, J J; Williams, J; Edwards, K W; Besson, D; Anderson, S; Frolov, V V; Gong, D T; Kubota, Y; Li, S Z; Poling, R; Smith, A; Stepaniak, C J; Urheim, J; Metreveli, Z; Seth, K K; Tomaradze, A; Zweber, P; Ahmed, S; Alam, M S; Ernst, J; Jian, L; Saleem, M; Wappler, F; Arms, K; Eckhart, E; Gan, K K; Gwon, C; Honscheid, K; Kagan, H; Kass, R; Pedlar, T K; von Toerne, E; Severini, H; Skubic, P; Dytman, S A; Mueller, J A; Nam, S; Savinov, V

2005-05-20

Using the CLEO detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, we have studied the distribution of kinematic variables in the decay lambda(+)(c)lambda--> e(+)nu(e). By performing a four-dimensional maximum likelihood fit, we determine the form factor ratio, R= f(2)/f(1) = -0.31 +/- 0.05(stat) +/- 0.04(syst), the pole mass, M(pole) = [2.21 +/- 0.08(stat) +/- 0.14(syst)] GeV/c(2), and the decay asymmetry parameter of the lambda(+)(c), alpha (lambda(c)) = -0.86 +/-0.03(stat) +/- 0.02(syst), for q(2) = 0.67 (GeV/c(2))(2). We compare the angular distributions of the lambda(+)(c) and lambda(-)(c) and find no evidence for CP violation: A(lambda(c)) = (alpha(lambda(c)) + alpha (lambda(c)))/(alpha(lambda(c))-alpha(lambda(c))) = 0.00 +/- 0.03(stat) +/- 0.01(syst) +/- 0.02, where the third error is from the uncertainty in the world average of the CP-violating parameter, A(lambda), for ppi(-).

Observation of B{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{lambda}K{sup 0} and B{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{lambda}K*{sup 0} at Belle

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chang, Y.-W.; Wang, M.-Z.; Chao, Y.

2009-03-01

We study the charmless decays B{yields}{lambda}{lambda}h, where h stands for {pi}{sup +}, K{sup +}, K{sup 0},K*{sup +}, or K*{sup 0}, using a 605 fb{sup -1} data sample collected at the {upsilon}(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy e{sup +}e{sup -} collider. We observe B{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{lambda}K{sup 0} and B{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{lambda}K*{sup 0} with branching fractions of (4.76{sub -0.68}{sup +0.84}(stat){+-}0.61(syst))x10{sup -6} and (2.46{sub -0.72}{sup +0.87}{+-}0.34)x10{sup -6}, respectively. The significances of these signals in the threshold-mass enhanced mass region, M{sub {lambda}}{sub {lambda}}<2.85 GeV/c{sup 2}, are 12.4{sigma} and 9.3{sigma}, respectively. We also update the branching fraction B(B{sup +}{yields}{lambda}{lambda}K{sup +})=(3.38{sub -0.36}{sup +0.41}{+-}0.41)x10{supmore » -6} with better accuracy, and report the following measurement or 90% confidence level upper limit in the threshold-mass-enhanced region: B(B{sup +}{yields}{lambda}{lambda}K*{sup +})=(2.19{sub -0.88}{sup +1.13}{+-}0.33)x10{sup -6} with 3.7{sigma} significance; B(B{sup +}{yields}{lambda}{lambda}{pi}{sup +})<0.94x10{sup -6}. A related search for B{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{lambda}D{sup 0} yields a branching fraction B(B{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{lambda}D{sup 0})=(1.05{sub -0.44}{sup +0.57}{+-}0.14)x10{sup -5}. This may be compared with the large, {approx}10{sup -4}, branching fraction observed for B{sup 0}{yields}ppD{sup 0}. The M{sub {lambda}}{sub {lambda}} enhancements near threshold and related angular distributions for the observed modes are also reported.« less

Initiation of lambda DNA replication. The Escherichia coli small heat shock proteins, DnaJ and GrpE, increase DnaK's affinity for the lambda P protein.

PubMed

Osipiuk, J; Georgopoulos, C; Zylicz, M

1993-03-05

It is known that the initiation of bacteriophage lambda replication requires the orderly assembly of the lambda O.lambda P.DnaB helicase protein preprimosomal complex at the ori lambda DNA site. The DnaK, DnaJ, and GrpE heat shock proteins act together to destabilize the lambda P.DnaB complex, thus freeing DnaB and allowing it to unwind lambda DNA near the ori lambda site. The first step of this disassembly reaction is the binding of DnaK to the lambda P protein. In this report, we examined the influence of the DnaJ and GrpE proteins on the stability of the lambda P.DnaK complex. We present evidence for the existence of the following protein-protein complexes: lambda P.DnaK, lambda P.DnaJ, DnaJ.DnaK, DnaK.GrpE, and lambda P.DnaK.GrpE. Our results suggest that the presence of GrpE alone destabilizes the lambda P.DnaK complex, whereas the presence of DnaJ alone stabilizes the lambda P.DnaK complex. Using immunoprecipitation, we show that in the presence of GrpE, DnaK exhibits a higher affinity for the lambda P.DnaJ complex than it does alone. Using cross-linking with glutaraldehyde, we show that oligomeric forms of DnaK exhibit a higher affinity for lambda P than monomeric DnaK. However, in the presence of GrpE, monomeric DnaK can efficiently bind lambda P protein. These findings help explain our previous results, namely that in the GrpE-dependent lambda DNA replication system, the DnaK protein requirement can be reduced up to 10-fold.

An Implementation in Pascal: Translation of Prolog into Pascal.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-06-01

for i:=1 to px do begin ifr (proc .i..relativity=O) then continue; if proc .. ) .ptype=6) hen continue;if (proc (...abegin<>O) then continue; passname...forj:=reitorn do if (j0) then continue; if (par (.>) ppe <>1) then continue; if (par .. .namie<>par(.i.).name) parle nO ype:par C.’ ntype; par Inblnd

Expert System for ASIC Imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gupta, Shri N.; Arshak, Khalil I.; McDonnell, Pearse; Boyce, Conor; Duggan, Andrew

1989-07-01

With the developments in the techniques of artificial intelligence over the last few years, development of advisory, scheduling and similar class of problems has become very convenient using tools such as PROLOG. In this paper an expert system has been described which helps lithographers and process engineers in several ways. The methodology used is to model each work station according to its input, output and control parameters, combine these work stations in a logical sequence based on past experience and work out process schedule for a job. In addition, all the requirements vis-a-vis a particular job parameters are converted into decision rules. One example is the exposure time, develop time for a wafer with different feature sizes would be different. This expert system has been written in Turbo Prolog. By building up a large number of rules, one can tune the program to any facility and use it for as diverse applications as advisory help, trouble shooting etc. Leitner (1) has described an advisory expert system that is being used at National Semiconductor. This system is quite different from the one being reported in the present paper. The approach is quite different for one. There is stress on job flow and process for another.

Physical interactions between bacteriophage and Escherichia coli proteins required for initiation of lambda DNA replication.

PubMed

Liberek, K; Osipiuk, J; Zylicz, M; Ang, D; Skorko, J; Georgopoulos, C

1990-02-25

The process of initiation of lambda DNA replication requires the assembly of the proper nucleoprotein complex at the origin of replication, ori lambda. The complex is composed of both phage and host-coded proteins. The lambda O initiator protein binds specifically to ori lambda. The lambda P initiator protein binds to both lambda O and the host-coded dnaB helicase, giving rise to an ori lambda DNA.lambda O.lambda P.dnaB structure. The dnaK and dnaJ heat shock proteins have been shown capable of dissociating this complex. The thus freed dnaB helicase unwinds the duplex DNA template at the replication fork. In this report, through cross-linking, size chromatography, and protein affinity chromatography, we document some of the protein-protein interactions occurring at ori lambda. Our results show that the dnaK protein specifically interacts with both lambda O and lambda P, and that the dnaJ protein specifically interacts with the dnaB helicase.

Tables of Transition Probabilities and Branching Ratios for Electric Dipole Transitions Between Arbitrary Levels of Hydrogen-Like Atoms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Omidvar, K.

1980-01-01

Branching ratios in hydrogen-like atoms due to electric-dipole transitions are tabulated for the initial principal and angular momentum quantum number n, lambda, and final principal and angular momentum quantum numbers n, lambda. In table 1, transition probabilities are given for transitions n, lambda, yields n, where sums have been made with respect to lambda. In this table, 2 or = n' or = 10, o or = lambda' or = n'-1, and 1 or = n or = n'-1. In addition, averages with respect to lambda' and sums with respect to n, and lifetimes are given. In table 2, branching ratios are given for transitions n' lambda' yields ni, where sums have been made with respect to lambda. In these tables, 2 or = n' or = 10, 0 or = lambda', n'-1, and 1 or = n or = n'-1. Averages with respect to lambda' are also given. In table 3, branching ratios are given for transitions n' lambda' yields in lambda, where 1 or = n or = 5, 0 or = lambda or = n-1, n n' or = 15, and 0 or = lambda' or = n(s), where n(s), is the smaller of the two numbers n'-1 and 6. Averages with respect to lambda' are given.

Measurement of the Λ b cross section and the Λ ¯ b to Λ b ratio with J / ψ Λ decays in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV

DOE PAGES

Chatrchyan, S.; Khachatryan, V.; Sirunyan, A. M.; ...

2012-05-31

The Lambda(b) differential production cross section and the cross section ratio anti-Lambda(b)/Lambda(b) are measured as functions of transverse momentum pt(Lambda(b)) and rapidity abs(y(Lambda(b))) in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The measurements are based on Lambda(b) decays reconstructed in the exclusive final state J/Psi Lambda, with the subsequent decays J/Psi to an opposite-sign muon pair and Lambda to proton pion, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.9 inverse femtobarns. The product of the cross section times the branching ratio for Lambda(b) to J/Psi Lambda versusmore » pt(Lambda(b)) falls faster than that of b mesons. The measured value of the cross section times the branching ratio for pt(Lambda(b)) > 10 GeV and abs(y(Lambda(b))) < 2.0 is 1.06 +/- 0.06 +/- 0.12 nb, and the integrated cross section ratio for anti-Lambda(b)/Lambda(b) is 1.02 +/- 0.07 +/- 0.09, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively.« less

{lambda}{sub b}{yields}p, {lambda} transition form factors from QCD light-cone sum rules

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang Yuming; Lue Caidian; Shen Yuelong

2009-10-01

Light-cone sum rules for the {lambda}{sub b}{yields}p, {lambda} transition form factors are derived from the correlation functions expanded by the twist of the distribution amplitudes of the {lambda}{sub b} baryon. In terms of the {lambda}{sub b} three-quark distribution amplitude models constrained by the QCD theory, we calculate the form factors at small momentum transfers and compare the results with those estimated in the conventional light-cone sum rules (LCSR) and perturbative QCD approaches. Our results indicate that the two different versions of sum rules can lead to the consistent numbers of form factors responsible for {lambda}{sub b}{yields}p transition. The {lambda}{sub b}{yields}{lambda}more » transition form factors from LCSR with the asymptotic {lambda} baryon distribution amplitudes are found to be almost 1 order larger than those obtained in the {lambda}{sub b}-baryon LCSR, implying that the preasymptotic corrections to the baryonic distribution amplitudes are of great importance. Moreover, the SU(3) symmetry breaking effects between the form factors f{sub 1}{sup {lambda}{sub b}}{sup {yields}}{sup p} and f{sub 1}{sup {lambda}{sub b}}{sup {yields}}{sup {lambda}} are computed as 28{sub -8}{sup +14}% in the framework of {lambda}{sub b}-baryon LCSR.« less

First observation and measurement of the resonant structure of the lambda_b->lambda_c pi-pi+pi- decay mode

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Azzurri, P.; Barria, P.; Ciocci, M.A.

The authors present the first observation of the {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} decay using data from an integrated luminosity of approximately 2.4 fb{sup -1} of p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV, collected with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. They also present the first observation of the resonant decays {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} {Sigma}{sub c}(2455){sup 0} {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}, {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} {Sigma}{sub c}(2455){sup ++}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup -} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}, {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}(2595){sup +}{pi}{sup -}more » {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} and {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}(2625){sup +}{pi}{sup -} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}, and measure their relative branching ratios.« less

Spin correlations in the {Lambda}{Lambda} and {Lambda}{Lambda}-bar systems generated in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lyuboshitz, V. L.; Lyuboshitz, V. V., E-mail: Valery.Lyuboshitz@jinr.r

2010-05-15

Spin correlations for the {Lambda}{Lambda} and {Lambda}{Lambda}-bar pairs, generated in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, and related angular correlations at the joint registration of hadronic decays of two hyperons, in which space parity is not conserved, are analyzed. The correlation tensor components can be derived from the double angular distribution of products of two decays by the method of 'moments'. The properties of the 'trace' of the correlation tensor (a sum of three diagonal components), determining the relative fractions of the triplet states and singlet state of respective pairs, are discussed. Spin correlations for two identical particles ({Lambda}{Lambda}) and two nonidentical particlesmore » ({Lambda}{Lambda}-bar) are considered from the viewpoint of the conventional model of one-particle sources. In the framework of this model, correlations vanish at sufficiently large relative momenta. However, under these conditions, in the case of two nonidentical particles ({Lambda}{Lambda}-bar) a noticeable role is played by two-particle annihilation (two-quark, two-gluon) sources, which lead to the difference of the correlation tensor from zero. In particular, such a situation may arise when the system passes through the 'mixed phase.'« less

Multiprocessor smalltalk: Implementation, performance, and analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pallas, J.I.

1990-01-01

Multiprocessor Smalltalk demonstrates the value of object-oriented programming on a multiprocessor. Its implementation and analysis shed light on three areas: concurrent programming in an object oriented language without special extensions, implementation techniques for adapting to multiprocessors, and performance factors in the resulting system. Adding parallelism to Smalltalk code is easy, because programs already use control abstractions like iterators. Smalltalk's basic control and concurrency primitives (lambda expressions, processes and semaphores) can be used to build parallel control abstractions, including parallel iterators, parallel objects, atomic objects, and futures. Language extensions for concurrency are not required. This implementation demonstrates that it is possiblemore » to build an efficient parallel object-oriented programming system and illustrates techniques for doing so. Three modification tools-serialization, replication, and reorganization-adapted the Berkeley Smalltalk interpreter to the Firefly multiprocessor. Multiprocessor Smalltalk's performance shows that the combination of multiprocessing and object-oriented programming can be effective: speedups (relative to the original serial version) exceed 2.0 for five processors on all the benchmarks; the median efficiency is 48%. Analysis shows both where performance is lost and how to improve and generalize the experimental results. Changes in the interpreter to support concurrency add at most 12% overhead; better access to per-process variables could eliminate much of that. Changes in the user code to express concurrency add as much as 70% overhead; this overhead could be reduced to 54% if blocks (lambda expressions) were reentrant. Performance is also lost when the program cannot keep all five processors busy.« less

UTILIZING SYNTHETIC UV SPECTRA TO EXPLORE THE PHYSICAL BASIS FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF LAMBDA BOÖTIS STARS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cheng, Kwang-Ping; Johnson, Dustin M.; Tarbell, Erik S.

2016-04-15

Lambda Boo-type stars are a group of late B to early F-type Population I dwarfs that show mild to extreme deficiencies of iron-peak elements (up to 2 dex), but their C, N, O, and S abundances are near solar. This intriguing stellar class has recently regained the spotlight because of the directly imaged planets around a confirmed Lambda Boo star, HR 8799, and a suggested Lambda Boo star, Beta Pictoris. The discovery of a giant asteroid belt around Vega, another possible Lambda Boo star, also suggests hidden planets. The possible link between Lambda Boo stars and planet-bearing stars motivates usmore » to study Lambda Boo stars systematically. Since the peculiar nature of the prototype Lambda Boötis was first noticed in 1943, Lambda Boo candidates published in the literature have been selected using widely different criteria. In order to determine the origin of Lambda Boo stars’ unique abundance pattern and to better discriminate between theories explaining the Lambda Boo phenomenon, a consistent working definition of Lambda Boo stars is needed. We have re-evaluated all published Lambda Boo candidates and their available ultraviolet and visible spectra. In this paper, using observed and synthetic spectra, we explore the physical basis for the classification of Lambda Boo stars, and develop quantitative criteria that discriminate metal-poor stars from bona fide Lambda Boo stars. Based on these stricter Lambda Boo classification criteria, we conclude that neither Beta Pictoris nor Vega should be classified as Lambda Boo stars.« less

Bivariate- distribution for transition matrix elements in Breit-Wigner to Gaussian domains of interacting particle systems.

PubMed

Kota, V K B; Chavda, N D; Sahu, R

2006-04-01

Interacting many-particle systems with a mean-field one-body part plus a chaos generating random two-body interaction having strength lambda exhibit Poisson to Gaussian orthogonal ensemble and Breit-Wigner (BW) to Gaussian transitions in level fluctuations and strength functions with transition points marked by lambda = lambda c and lambda = lambda F, respectively; lambda F > lambda c. For these systems a theory for the matrix elements of one-body transition operators is available, as valid in the Gaussian domain, with lambda > lambda F, in terms of orbital occupation numbers, level densities, and an integral involving a bivariate Gaussian in the initial and final energies. Here we show that, using a bivariate-t distribution, the theory extends below from the Gaussian regime to the BW regime up to lambda = lambda c. This is well tested in numerical calculations for 6 spinless fermions in 12 single-particle states.

Correlation Measurement of Lambda-anti-Lambda, Lambda-Lambda and anti-Lambda-anti-Lambda with the ATLAS detector at s=7 TeV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheng, Hok-Chuen

This thesis summaries the measurements of correlations between Lambda 0Lambda0, Lambda0Lambda 0, and Lambda0Lambda 0 hyperon pairs produced inclusively at the LHC, which are useful for a better understanding of the quark-antiquark pair production and jet fragmentation and hadronization processes. The analysis is based on hyperon pairs selected using the muon and minimum bias data samples collected at the ATLAS experiment from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV in 2010. Excess Lambda0Lambda 0 are observed near the production threshold and are identified to be originated from the parton system in the string model in the MC sample, decaying either directly or through heavy strange resonances such as Sigma0 and Sigma*(1385). Dynamical correlations have been explored through a correlation function defined as the ratio of two-particle to single-particle densities. Positive correlation is observed for Lambda0Lambda0 and anticorrelation is observed for Lambda0Lambda 0 and Lambda0Lambda 0 for Q in [0,2] GeV. The structure replicates similar correlations in pp, pp, and pppp events in PYTHIA generator as predicted by the Lund string fragmentation model. Parameters of the "popcorn" mechanism implemented in the PYTHIA generator are tuned and are found to have little impact on the structure observed. The spin composition of the sample is extracted using a data-driven reference sample built by event mixing. Appropriate corrections have been made to the kinematic distributions in the reference sample by kinematic weighting to make sure that the detector effects are well modeled. A modified Pearson's chi2 test statistics is calculated for the costheta* distribution to determine the best-fitted A-value for data. The results are consistent with zero for both like-type and unlike-type hyperon pairs in Q ∈ [0,10] GeV and Q ∈ [1,10] GeV respectively. The data statistics in the range of Q ∈ [0, 1] GeV is currently too low for the estimation of the emitter size for Fermi-Dirac correlation.

TARA: Tool Assisted Requirements Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-05-01

provided during the project and to aid tool integration . Chapter 6 provides a brief discussion of the experience of specifying the ASET case study in CORE...set of Prolog clauses. This includes the context-free grammar rules depicted in Figure 2.1, integrity constraints such as those defining the binding...Jeremaes (1986). This was developed originally for specifying database management ". semantics (for example, the preservation of integrity constraints

Parallel Logic Programming and Parallel Systems Software and Hardware

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-07-29

Conference, Dallas TX. January 1985. (55) [Rous75] Roussel, P., "PROLOG: Manuel de Reference et d’Uilisation", Group d’ Intelligence Artificielle , Universite d...completed. Tools were provided for software development using artificial intelligence techniques. Al software for massively parallel architectures was...using artificial intelligence tech- niques. Al software for massively parallel architectures was started. 1. Introduction We describe research conducted

Abductive Equivalential Translation and its application to Natural Language Database Interfacing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rayner, Manny

1994-05-01

The thesis describes a logical formalization of natural-language database interfacing. We assume the existence of a ``natural language engine'' capable of mediating between surface linguistic string and their representations as ``literal'' logical forms: the focus of interest will be the question of relating ``literal'' logical forms to representations in terms of primitives meaningful to the underlying database engine. We begin by describing the nature of the problem, and show how a variety of interface functionalities can be considered as instances of a type of formal inference task which we call ``Abductive Equivalential Translation'' (AET); functionalities which can be reduced to this form include answering questions, responding to commands, reasoning about the completeness of answers, answering meta-questions of type ``Do you know...'', and generating assertions and questions. In each case, a ``linguistic domain theory'' (LDT) Γ and an input formula F are given, and the goal is to construct a formula with certain properties which is equivalent to F, given Γ and a set of permitted assumptions. If the LDT is of a certain specified type, whose formulas are either conditional equivalences or Horn-clauses, we show that the AET problem can be reduced to a goal-directed inference method. We present an abstract description of this method, and sketch its realization in Prolog. The relationship between AET and several problems previously discussed in the literature is discussed. In particular, we show how AET can provide a simple and elegant solution to the so-called ``Doctor on Board'' problem, and in effect allows a ``relativization'' of the Closed World Assumption. The ideas in the thesis have all been implemented concretely within the SRI CLARE project, using a real projects and payments database. The LDT for the example database is described in detail, and examples of the types of functionality that can be achieved within the example domain are presented.

ART/Ada and CLIPS/Ada

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Culbert, Chris

1990-01-01

Although they have reached a point of commercial viability, expert systems were originally developed in artificial intelligence (AI) research environments. Many of the available tools still work best in such environments. These environments typically utilize special hardware such as LISP machines and relatively unfamiliar languages such as LISP or Prolog. Space Station applications will require deep integration of expert system technology with applications developed in conventional languages, specifically Ada. The ability to apply automation to Space Station functions could be greatly enhanced by widespread availability of state-of-the-art expert system tools based on Ada. Although there have been some efforts to examine the use of Ada for AI applications, there are few, if any, existing products which provide state-of-the-art AI capabilities in an Ada tool. The goal of the ART/Ada Design Project is to conduct research into the implementation in Ada of state-of-the-art hybrid expert systems building tools (ESBT's). This project takes the following approach: using the existing design of the ART-IM ESBT as a starting point, analyze the impact of the Ada language and Ada development methodologies on that design; redesign the system in Ada; and analyze its performance. The research project will attempt to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the potential for embedding expert systems in Ada systems for eventual application in future Space Station Freedom projects. During Phase 1 of the project, initial requirements analysis, design, and implementation of the kernel subset of ART-IM functionality was completed. During Phase 2, the effort has been focused on the implementation and performance analysis of several versions with increasing functionality. Since production quality ART/Ada tools will not be available for a considerable time, and additional subtask of this project will be the completion of an Ada version of the CLIPS expert system shell developed by NASA. This tool will provide full syntactic compatibility with any eventual products of the ART/Ada design while allowing SSFP developers early access to this technology.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Akaishi, Yoshinori; College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Funabashi 274-8501; Myint, Khin Swe

The overbinding problem of {sub {lambda}}{sup 5}He is solved by introducing a concept of coherent {lambda}-{sigma} coupling which is equivalent to a {lambda}NN three-body force. This three-body force is coherently enhanced in the 0{sup +} states of {sub {lambda}}{sup 4}H and {sub {lambda}}{sup 4}He. The 0{sup +}-1{sup +} splitting in these hypernuclei is mainly due to coherent {lambda}-{sigma} coupling and partly due to the {lambda}N spin-spin interaction. A {lambda}NN three-body potential is derived from the coupled-channel treatment. The origin of the repulsive and attractive nature of the three-body force is discussed. Coherent {lambda}-{sigma} coupling becomes more important in neutron-rich hypernucleimore » and especially in neutron-star matter at high densities. The possible existence of ''hyperheavy hydrogen'', {sub {lambda}}{sup 6}H, is suggested.« less

Role of the Escherichia coli grpE heat shock protein in the initiation of bacteriophage lambda DNA replication.

PubMed

Osipiuk, J; Zylicz, M

1991-01-01

Initiation of replication of lambda DNA requires assembly of the proper nucleoprotein complex consisting of the lambda origin of replication-lambda O-lambda P-dnaB proteins. The dnaJ, dnaK and grpE heat shock proteins destabilize the lambda P-dnaB interaction in this complex permitting dnaB helicase to unwind lambda DNA near ori lambda sequence. First step of this disassembling reaction is the binding of dnaK protein to lambda P protein. In this report we examined the influence of dnaJ and grpE proteins on stability of the lambda P-dnaK complex. Our results show that grpE alone dissociates this complex, but both grpE and dnaJ together do not. These results suggest that, in the presence of grpE protein, dnaK protein has a higher affinity for lambda P protein complexed with dnaJ protein than in the situation where grpE protein is not used.

Measurement of sigma Lambda b0/sigma B0 x B(Lambda b0-->Lambda c+pi-)/B(B0-->D+pi-) in pp collisions at square root s=1.96 TeV.

PubMed

Abulencia, A; Adelman, J; Affolder, T; Akimoto, T; Albrow, M G; Ambrose, D; Amerio, S; Amidei, D; Anastassov, A; Anikeev, K; Annovi, A; Antos, J; Aoki, M; Apollinari, G; Arguin, J-F; Arisawa, T; Artikov, A; Ashmanskas, W; Attal, A; Azfar, F; Azzi-Bacchetta, P; Azzurri, P; Bacchetta, N; Badgett, W; Barbaro-Galtieri, A; Barnes, V E; Barnett, B A; Baroiant, S; Bartsch, V; Bauer, G; Bedeschi, F; Behari, S; Belforte, S; Bellettini, G; Bellinger, J; Belloni, A; Benjamin, D; Beretvas, A; Beringer, J; Berry, T; Bhatti, A; Binkley, M; Bisello, D; Blair, R E; Blocker, C; Blumenfeld, B; Bocci, A; Bodek, A; Boisvert, V; Bolla, G; Bolshov, A; Bortoletto, D; Boudreau, J; Boveia, A; Brau, B; Brigliadori, L; Bromberg, C; Brubaker, E; Budagov, J; Budd, H S; Budd, S; Budroni, S; Burkett, K; Busetto, G; Bussey, P; Byrum, K L; Cabrera, S; Campanelli, M; Campbell, M; Canelli, F; Canepa, A; Carillo, S; Carlsmith, D; Carosi, R; Casarsa, M; Castro, A; Catastini, P; Cauz, D; Cavalli-Sforza, M; Cerri, A; Cerrito, L; Chang, S H; Chen, Y C; Chertok, M; Chiarelli, G; Chlachidze, G; Chlebana, F; Cho, I; Cho, K; Chokheli, D; Chou, J P; Choudalakis, G; Chuang, S H; Chung, K; Chung, W H; Chung, Y S; Ciljak, M; Ciobanu, C I; Ciocci, M A; Clark, A; Clark, D; Coca, M; Compostella, G; Convery, M E; Conway, J; Cooper, B; Copic, K; Cordelli, M; Cortiana, G; Crescioli, F; Cuenca Almenar, C; Cuevas, J; Culbertson, R; Cully, J C; Cyr, D; DaRonco, S; D'Auria, S; Davies, T; D'Onofrio, M; Dagenhart, D; de Barbaro, P; De Cecco, S; Deisher, A; De Lentdecker, G; Dell'Orso, M; Delli Paoli, F; Demortier, L; Deng, J; Deninno, M; De Pedis, D; Derwent, P F; Di Giovanni, G P; Dionisi, C; Di Ruzza, B; Dittmann, J R; DiTuro, P; Dörr, C; Donati, S; Donega, M; Dong, P; Donini, J; Dorigo, T; Dube, S; Efron, J; Erbacher, R; Errede, D; Errede, S; Eusebi, R; Fang, H C; Farrington, S; Fedorko, I; Fedorko, W T; Feild, R G; Feindt, M; Fernandez, J P; Field, R; Flanagan, G; Foland, A; Forrester, S; Foster, G W; Franklin, M; Freeman, J C; Furic, I; Gallinaro, M; Galyardt, J; Garcia, J E; Garberson, F; Garfinkel, A F; Gay, C; Gerberich, H; Gerdes, D; Giagu, S; Giannetti, P; Gibson, A; Gibson, K; Gimmell, J L; Ginsburg, C; Giokaris, N; Giordani, M; Giromini, P; Giunta, M; Giurgiu, G; Glagolev, V; Glenzinski, D; Gold, M; Goldschmidt, N; Goldstein, J; Gomez, G; Gomez-Ceballos, G; Goncharov, M; González, O; Gorelov, I; Goshaw, A T; Goulianos, K; Gresele, A; Griffiths, M; Grinstein, S; Grosso-Pilcher, C; Group, R C; Grundler, U; Guimaraes da Costa, J; Gunay-Unalan, Z; Haber, C; Hahn, K; Hahn, S R; Halkiadakis, E; Hamilton, A; Han, B-Y; Han, J Y; Handler, R; Happacher, F; Hara, K; Hare, M; Harper, S; Harr, R F; Harris, R M; Hartz, M; Hatakeyama, K; Hauser, J; Heijboer, A; Heinemann, B; Heinrich, J; Henderson, C; Herndon, M; Heuser, J; Hidas, D; Hill, C S; Hirschbuehl, D; Hocker, A; Holloway, A; Hou, S; Houlden, M; Hsu, S-C; Huffman, B T; Hughes, R E; Husemann, U; Huston, J; Incandela, J; Introzzi, G; Iori, M; Ishizawa, Y; Ivanov, A; Iyutin, B; James, E; Jang, D; Jayatilaka, B; Jeans, D; Jensen, H; Jeon, E J; Jindariani, S; Jones, M; Joo, K K; Jun, S Y; Jung, J E; Junk, T R; Kamon, T; Karchin, P E; Kato, Y; Kemp, Y; Kephart, R; Kerzel, U; Khotilovich, V; Kilminster, B; Kim, D H; Kim, H S; Kim, J E; Kim, M J; Kim, S B; Kim, S H; Kim, Y K; Kimura, N; Kirsch, L; Klimenko, S; Klute, M; Knuteson, B; Ko, B R; Kondo, K; Kong, D J; Konigsberg, J; Korytov, A; Kotwal, A V; Kovalev, A; Kraan, A C; Kraus, J; Kravchenko, I; Kreps, M; Kroll, J; Krumnack, N; Kruse, M; Krutelyov, V; Kubo, T; Kuhlmann, S E; Kuhr, T; Kusakabe, Y; Kwang, S; Laasanen, A T; Lai, S; Lami, S; Lammel, S; Lancaster, M; Lander, R L; Lannon, K; Lath, A; Latino, G; Lazzizzera, I; Le, Y; LeCompte, T; Lee, J; Lee, J; Lee, Y J; Lee, S W; Lefèvre, R; Leonardo, N; Leone, S; Levy, S; Lewis, J D; Lin, C; Lin, C S; Lindgren, M; Lipeles, E; Lister, A; Litvintsev, D O; Liu, T; Lockyer, N S; Loginov, A; Loreti, M; Loverre, P; Lu, R-S; Lucchesi, D; Lujan, P; Lukens, P; Lungu, G; Lyons, L; Lys, J; Lysak, R; Lytken, E; Mack, P; MacQueen, D; Madrak, R; Maeshima, K; Makhoul, K; Maki, T; Maksimovic, P; Malde, S; Manca, G; Margaroli, F; Marginean, R; Marino, C; Marino, C P; Martin, A; Martin, M; Martin, V; Martínez, M; Maruyama, T; Mastrandrea, P; Masubuchi, T; Matsunaga, H; Mattson, M E; Mazini, R; Mazzanti, P; McFarland, K S; McIntyre, P; McNulty, R; Mehta, A; Mehtala, P; Menzemer, S; Menzione, A; Merkel, P; Mesropian, C; Messina, A; Miao, T; Miladinovic, N; Miles, J; Miller, R; Mills, C; Milnik, M; Mitra, A; Mitselmakher, G; Miyamoto, A; Moed, S; Moggi, N; Mohr, B; Moore, R; Morello, M; Movilla Fernandez, P; Mülmenstädt, J; Mukherjee, A; Muller, Th; Mumford, R; Murat, P; Nachtman, J; Nagano, A; Naganoma, J; Nakano, I; Napier, A; Necula, V; Neu, C; Neubauer, M S; Nielsen, J; Nigmanov, T; Nodulman, L; Norniella, O; Nurse, E; Oh, S H; Oh, Y D; Oksuzian, I; Okusawa, T; Oldeman, R; Orava, R; Osterberg, K; Pagliarone, C; Palencia, E; Papadimitriou, V; Paramonov, A A; Parks, B; Pashapour, S; Patrick, J; Pauletta, G; Paulini, M; Paus, C; Pellett, D E; Penzo, A; Phillips, T J; Piacentino, G; Piedra, J; Pinera, L; Pitts, K; Plager, C; Pondrom, L; Portell, X; Poukhov, O; Pounder, N; Prakoshyn, F; Pronko, A; Proudfoot, J; Ptohos, F; Punzi, G; Pursley, J; Rademacker, J; Rahaman, A; Ranjan, N; Rappoccio, S; Reisert, B; Rekovic, V; Renton, P; Rescigno, M; Richter, S; Rimondi, F; Ristori, L; Robson, A; Rodrigo, T; Rogers, E; Rolli, S; Roser, R; Rossi, M; Rossin, R; Ruiz, A; Russ, J; Rusu, V; Saarikko, H; Sabik, S; Safonov, A; Sakumoto, W K; Salamanna, G; Saltó, O; Saltzberg, D; Sánchez, C; Santi, L; Sarkar, S; Sartori, L; Sato, K; Savard, P; Savoy-Navarro, A; Scheidle, T; Schlabach, P; Schmidt, E E; Schmidt, M P; Schmitt, M; Schwarz, T; Scodellaro, L; Scott, A L; Scribano, A; Scuri, F; Sedov, A; Seidel, S; Seiya, Y; Semenov, A; Sexton-Kennedy, L; Sfyrla, A; Shapiro, M D; Shears, T; Shepard, P F; Sherman, D; Shimojima, M; Shochet, M; Shon, Y; Shreyber, I; Sidoti, A; Sinervo, P; Sisakyan, A; Sjolin, J; Slaughter, A J; Slaunwhite, J; Sliwa, K; Smith, J R; Snider, F D; Snihur, R; Soderberg, M; Soha, A; Somalwar, S; Sorin, V; Spalding, J; Spinella, F; Spreitzer, T; Squillacioti, P; Stanitzki, M; Staveris-Polykalas, A; St Denis, R; Stelzer, B; Stelzer-Chilton, O; Stentz, D; Strologas, J; Stuart, D; Suh, J S; Sukhanov, A; Sun, H; Suzuki, T; Taffard, A; Takashima, R; Takeuchi, Y; Takikawa, K; Tanaka, M; Tanaka, R; Tecchio, M; Teng, P K; Terashi, K; Thom, J; Thompson, A S; Thomson, E; Tipton, P; Tiwari, V; Tkaczyk, S; Toback, D; Tokar, S; Tollefson, K; Tomura, T; Tonelli, D; Torre, S; Torretta, D; Tourneur, S; Trischuk, W; Tseng, J; Tsuchiya, R; Tsuno, S; Turini, N; Ukegawa, F; Unverhau, T; Uozumi, S; Usynin, D; Vallecorsa, S; van Remortel, N; Varganov, A; Vataga, E; Vázquez, F; Velev, G; Veramendi, G; Veszpremi, V; Vidal, R; Vila, I; Vilar, R; Vine, T; Vollrath, I; Volobouev, I; Volpi, G; Würthwein, F; Wagner, P; Wagner, R G; Wagner, R L; Wagner, J; Wagner, W; Wallny, R; Wang, S M; Warburton, A; Waschke, S; Waters, D; Wester, W C; Whitehouse, B; Whiteson, D; Wicklund, A B; Wicklund, E; Williams, G; Williams, H H; Wilson, P; Winer, B L; Wittich, P; Wolbers, S; Wolfe, C; Wright, T; Wu, X; Wynne, S M; Yagil, A; Yamamoto, K; Yamaoka, J; Yamashita, T; Yang, C; Yang, U K; Yang, Y C; Yao, W M; Yeh, G P; Yoh, J; Yorita, K; Yoshida, T; Yu, G B; Yu, I; Yu, S S; Yun, J C; Zanello, L; Zanetti, A; Zaw, I; Zhang, X; Zhou, J; Zucchelli, S

2007-03-23

We present the first observation of the baryon decay Lambda b0-->Lambda c+pi- followed by Lambda c+-->pK-pi+ in 106 pb-1 pp collisions at square root s=1.96 TeV in the CDF experiment. In order to reduce systematic error, the measured rate for Lambda b0 decay is normalized to the kinematically similar meson decay B0-->D+pi- followed by D+-->pi+K-pi+. We report the ratio of production cross sections (sigma) times the ratio of branching fractions (B) for the momentum region integrated above pT>6 GeV/c and pseudorapidity range |eta|<1.3: sigma(pp-->Lambda b0X)/sigma(pp-->B0X)xB(Lambda b0-->Lambda c+pi-)/B(B0-->D+pi-)=0.82+/-0.08(stat)+/-0.11(syst)+/-0.22[B(Lambda c+-->pK-pi+)].

Stable carbon isotope fractionation during the biodegradation of lambda-cyhalothrin.

PubMed

Shen, Xiaoli; Xu, Zemin; Zhang, Xichang; Yang, Fangxing

2015-11-01

In this study, the microbial degradation of lambda-cyhalothrin in soil was investigated using compound-specific stable isotope analysis. The results revealed that lambda-cyhalothrin was biodegraded in soil under laboratory conditions. The half-lives of lambda-cyhalothrin were determined to be 49 and 161 days in non-sterile and sterile soils spiked with 2mg/kg lambda-cyhalothrin and 84 and 154 days in non-sterile and sterile soils spiked with 10mg/kg lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively. The biodegradation of lambda-cyhalothrin resulted in carbon isotope fractionation, which shifted from -29.0‰ to -26.5‰ in soil spiked with 2mg/kg lambda-cyhalothrin, and to -27.5‰ with 10mg/kg lambda-cyhalothrin. A relationship was established between the stable carbon isotope fraction and the residual concentrations of lambda-cyhalothrin by the Rayleigh equation in which the carbon isotope enrichment factor ε of the microbial degradation of lambda-cyhalothrin in the soil was calculated as -2.53‰. This study provides an approach to quantitatively evaluate the biodegradation of lambda-cyhalothrin in soil in field studies. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Dynamics of a family of transcendental meromorphic functions having rational Schwarzian derivative

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sajid, M.; Kapoor, G. P.

2007-02-01

In the present paper, a class of critically finite transcendental meromorphic functions having rational Schwarzian derivative is introduced and the dynamics of functions in one parameter family is investigated. It is found that there exist two parameter values [lambda]*=[phi](0)>0 and , where and is the real root of [phi]'(x)=0, such that the Fatou sets of f[lambda](z) for [lambda]=[lambda]* and [lambda]=[lambda]** contain parabolic domains. A computationally useful characterization of the Julia set of the function f[lambda](z) as the complement of the basin of attraction of an attracting real fixed point of f[lambda](z) is established and applied for the generation of the images of the Julia sets of f[lambda](z). Further, it is observed that the Julia set of explodes to whole complex plane for [lambda]>[lambda]**. Finally, our results found in the present paper are compared with the recent results on dynamics of one parameter families [lambda]tanz, [R.L. Devaney, L. Keen, Dynamics of meromorphic maps: Maps with polynomial Schwarzian derivative, Ann. Sci. Ecole Norm. Sup. 22 (4) (1989) 55-79; L. Keen, J. Kotus, Dynamics of the family [lambda]tan(z), Conform. Geom. Dynam. 1 (1997) 28-57; G.M. Stallard, The Hausdorff dimension of Julia sets of meromorphic functions, J. London Math. Soc. 49 (1994) 281-295] and , [lambda]>0 [G.P. Kapoor, M. Guru Prem Prasad, Dynamics of : The Julia set and bifurcation, Ergodic Theory Dynam. Systems 18 (1998) 1363-1383].

Jovian Chromophore Characteristics from Multispectral HST Images

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Strycker, Paul D.; Chanover, Nancy J.; Simon-Miller, Amy A.; Banfield, Don; Gierasch, Peter J.

2011-01-01

The chromophores responsible for coloring the jovian atmosphere are embedded within Jupiter's vertical aerosol structure. Sunlight propagates through this vertical distribution of aerosol particles, whose colors are defined by omega-bar (sub 0)(lambda), and we remotely observe the culmination of the radiative transfer as I/F(lambda). In this study, we employed a radiative transfer code to retrieve omega-bar (sub 0)(lambda) for particles in Jupiter's tropospheric haze at seven wavelengths in the near-UV and visible regimes. The data consisted of images of the 2008 passage of Oval BA to the south of the Great Red Spot obtained by the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 on-board the Hubble Space Telescope. We present derived particle colors for locations that were selected from 14 weather regions, which spanned a large range of observed colors. All omega-bar (sub 0)(lambda) curves were absorbing in the blue, and omega-bar (sub 0)(lambda) increased monotonically to approximately unity as wavelength increased. We found accurate fits to all omega-bar (sub 0)(lambda) curves using an empirically derived functional form: omega-bar (sub 0)(lambda) = 1 A exp(-B lambda). The best-fit parameters for the mean omega-bar (sub 0)(lambda) curve were A = 25.4 and B = 0.0149 for lambda in units of nm. We performed a principal component analysis (PCA) on our omega-bar (sub 0)(lambda) results and found that one or two independent chromophores were sufficient to produce the variations in omega-bar (sub 0)(lambda). A PCA of I/F(lambda) for the same jovian locations resulted in principal components (PCs) with roughly the same variances as the omega-bar (sub 0)(lambda) PCA, but they did not result in a one-to-one mapping of PC amplitudes between the omega-bar (sub 0)(lambda) PCA and I/F(lambda) PCA. We suggest that statistical analyses performed on I/ F(lambda) image cubes have limited applicability to the characterization of chromophores in the jovian atmosphere due to the sensitivity of 1/ F(lambda) to horizontal variations in the vertical aerosol distribution.

Mechanisms of Hyperbilirubinemia During Peginterferon Lambda-1a Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis C Infection: A Retrospective Investigation.

PubMed

Zwirtes, Ricardo; Narasimhan, Premkumar; Wind-Rotolo, Megan M; Xu, Dong; Hruska, Matthew W; Kishnani, Narendra; Colston, Elizabeth M; Srinivasan, Subasree

2016-11-01

The phase 2b EMERGE study compared the efficacy/safety of peginterferon lambda-1a (Lambda) and peginterferon alfa-2a (Alfa), both with ribavirin (RBV), for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. A key safety finding was a higher frequency of hyperbilirubinemia with Lambda/RBV versus Alfa/RBV. To characterize mechanisms of hyperbilirubinemia associated with Lambda/RBV, we conducted a retrospective analysis of safety data from the HCV genotype 1 and genotype 4 cohort of the EMERGE study. Subjects were randomized to once-weekly Lambda (120/180/240 μg) or Alfa (180 μg), with daily RBV, for 48 weeks. Early-onset Lambda/RBV-related hyperbilirubinemia events (6-12 weeks) resulted mostly from RBV-induced hemolysis evidenced by sustained reticulocytosis and a predominantly unconjugated pattern of hyperbilirubinemia. The higher hyperbilirubinemia frequency with Lambda/RBV versus Alfa/RBV was attributed to bone marrow suppression known to occur with Alfa but not Lambda. Late-onset (>12 weeks) Lambda/RBV-related hyperbilirubinemia events occurred most frequently with higher Lambda doses and were associated with increased levels of hepatic transaminase and direct bilirubin fractions compared with early events. This dual pattern of hyperbilirubinemia observed while on Lambda/RBV treatment is thought to be caused by exaggerated RBV-induced hemolysis in early-onset events compared with possible direct Lambda-induced hepatocellular toxicity in late-onset events.

Rearrangement and expression of the human {Psi}C{lambda}6 gene segment results in a surface Ig receptor with a truncated light chain constant region

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stiernholm, N.B.J.; Verkoczy, L.K.; Berinstein, N.L.

1995-05-01

The constant region of the human Ig{lambda} locus consists of seven tandemly organized J-C gene segments. Although it has been established that the J-C{lambda}1, J-C{lambda}2, J-C{lambda}3, and J-C{lambda}7 gene segments are functional, and code for the four distinct Ig{lambda} isotypes found in human serum, the J-C{lambda}4, J-C{lambda}5, and J-C{lambda}6 gene segments are generally considered to be pseudogenes. Although one example of a functional J-C{lambda}6 gene segment has been documented, in the majority of cases, J-C{lambda}6 is rendered nonfunctional by virtue of a single duplication of four nucleotides, creating a premature translational arrest. We show here that rearrangements to the J-C{lambda}6more » gene segment do occur, and that such a rearrangement encodes an Ig{lambda} protein that lacks the terminal end of the constant region. We also show that this truncated protein is expressed on the surface with the IgH chain, creating an unusual surface Ig (sIg) receptor (sIg{triangle}CL). Cells that express this receptor on the surface do so at significantly reduced levels compared with clonally related variants, which express sIg receptors with conventional Ig{lambda} L chains. However, the effects of sIg cross-linking on tyrosine phosphorylation and surface expression of the CD25 and CD71 Ags are similar in cells that express conventional sIg receptors and in those that express sIg{triangle}CL receptors, suggesting that the latter could possibly function as an Ag receptor. 35 refs., 7 figs.« less

Existence and non-uniqueness of similarity solutions of a boundary-layer problem

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hussaini, M. Y.; Lakin, W. D.

1986-01-01

A Blasius boundary value problem with inhomogeneous lower boundary conditions f(0) = 0 and f'(0) = - lambda with lambda strictly positive was considered. The Crocco variable formulation of this problem has a key term which changes sign in the interval of interest. It is shown that solutions of the boundary value problem do not exist for values of lambda larger than a positive critical value lambda. The existence of solutions is proven for 0 lambda lambda by considering an equivalent initial value problem. It is found however that for 0 lambda lambda, solutions of the boundary value problem are nonunique. Physically, this nonuniqueness is related to multiple values of the skin friction.

Existence and non-uniqueness of similarity solutions of a boundary layer problem

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hussaini, M. Y.; Lakin, W. D.

1984-01-01

A Blasius boundary value problem with inhomogeneous lower boundary conditions f(0) = 0 and f'(0) = - lambda with lambda strictly positive was considered. The Crocco variable formulation of this problem has a key term which changes sign in the interval of interest. It is shown that solutions of the boundary value problem do not exist for values of lambda larger than a positive critical value lambda. The existence of solutions is proven for 0 lambda lambda by considering an equivalent initial value problem. It is found however that for 0 lambda lambda, solutions of the boundary value problem are nonunique. Physically, this nonuniqueness is related to multiple values of the skin friction.

Measurement of the Lambda b0 lifetime in Lambda b0-->J/psi Lambda 0 in pp collisions at square root s=1.96 TeV.

PubMed

Abulencia, A; Adelman, J; Affolder, T; Akimoto, T; Albrow, M G; Ambrose, D; Amerio, S; Amidei, D; Anastassov, A; Anikeev, K; Annovi, A; Antos, J; Aoki, M; Apollinari, G; Arguin, J-F; Arisawa, T; Artikov, A; Ashmanskas, W; Attal, A; Azfar, F; Azzi-Bacchetta, P; Azzurri, P; Bacchetta, N; Badgett, W; Barbaro-Galtieri, A; Barnes, V E; Barnett, B A; Baroiant, S; Bartsch, V; Bauer, G; Bedeschi, F; Behari, S; Belforte, S; Bellettini, G; Bellinger, J; Belloni, A; Benjamin, D; Beretvas, A; Beringer, J; Berry, T; Bhatti, A; Binkley, M; Bisello, D; Blair, R E; Blocker, C; Blumenfeld, B; Bocci, A; Bodek, A; Boisvert, V; Bolla, G; Bolshov, A; Bortoletto, D; Boudreau, J; Boveia, A; Brau, B; Brigliadori, L; Bromberg, C; Brubaker, E; Budagov, J; Budd, H S; Budd, S; Budroni, S; Burkett, K; Busetto, G; Bussey, P; Byrum, K L; Cabrera, S; Campanelli, M; Campbell, M; Canelli, F; Canepa, A; Carrillo, S; Carlsmith, D; Carosi, R; Carron, S; Casarsa, M; Castro, A; Catastini, P; Cauz, D; Cavalli-Sforza, M; Cerri, A; Cerrito, L; Chang, S H; Chen, Y C; Chertok, M; Chiarelli, G; Chlachidze, G; Chlebana, F; Cho, I; Cho, K; Chokheli, D; Chou, J P; Choudalakis, G; Chuang, S H; Chung, K; Chung, W H; Chung, Y S; Ciljak, M; Ciobanu, C I; Ciocci, M A; Clark, A; Clark, D; Coca, M; Compostella, G; Convery, M E; Conway, J; Cooper, B; Copic, K; Cordelli, M; Cortiana, G; Crescioli, F; Cuenca Almenar, C; Cuevas, J; Culbertson, R; Cully, J C; Cyr, D; DaRonco, S; D'Auria, S; Davies, T; D'Onofrio, M; Dagenhart, D; de Barbaro, P; De Cecco, S; Deisher, A; De Lentdecker, G; Dell'Orso, M; Delli Paoli, F; Demortier, L; Deng, J; Deninno, M; De Pedis, D; Derwent, P F; Di Giovanni, G P; Dionisi, C; Di Ruzza, B; Dittmann, J R; DiTuro, P; Dörr, C; Donati, S; Donega, M; Dong, P; Donini, J; Dorigo, T; Dube, S; Efron, J; Erbacher, R; Errede, D; Errede, S; Eusebi, R; Fang, H C; Farrington, S; Fedorko, I; Fedorko, W T; Feild, R G; Feindt, M; Fernandez, J P; Field, R; Flanagan, G; Foland, A; Forrester, S; Foster, G W; Franklin, M; Freeman, J C; Furic, I; Gallinaro, M; Galyardt, J; Garcia, J E; Garberson, F; Garfinkel, A F; Gay, C; Gerberich, H; Gerdes, D; Giagu, S; Giannetti, P; Gibson, A; Gibson, K; Gimmell, J L; Ginsburg, C; Giokaris, N; Giordani, M; Giromini, P; Giunta, M; Giurgiu, G; Glagolev, V; Glenzinski, D; Gold, M; Goldschmidt, N; Goldstein, J; Gomez, G; Gomez-Ceballos, G; Goncharov, M; González, O; Gorelov, I; Goshaw, A T; Goulianos, K; Gresele, A; Griffiths, M; Grinstein, S; Grosso-Pilcher, C; Group, R C; Grundler, U; Guimaraes da Costa, J; Gunay-Unalan, Z; Haber, C; Hahn, K; Hahn, S R; Halkiadakis, E; Hamilton, A; Han, B-Y; Han, J Y; Handler, R; Happacher, F; Hara, K; Hare, M; Harper, S; Harr, R F; Harris, R M; Hartz, M; Hatakeyama, K; Hauser, J; Heijboer, A; Heinemann, B; Heinrich, J; Henderson, C; Herndon, M; Heuser, J; Hidas, D; Hill, C S; Hirschbuehl, D; Hocker, A; Holloway, A; Hou, S; Houlden, M; Hsu, S-C; Huffman, B T; Hughes, R E; Husemann, U; Huston, J; Incandela, J; Introzzi, G; Iori, M; Ishizawa, Y; Ivanov, A; Iyutin, B; James, E; Jang, D; Jayatilaka, B; Jeans, D; Jensen, H; Jeon, E J; Jindariani, S; Jones, M; Joo, K K; Jun, S Y; Jung, J E; Junk, T R; Kamon, T; Karchin, P E; Kato, Y; Kemp, Y; Kephart, R; Kerzel, U; Khotilovich, V; Kilminster, B; Kim, D H; Kim, H S; Kim, J E; Kim, M J; Kim, S B; Kim, S H; Kim, Y K; Kimura, N; Kirsch, L; Klimenko, S; Klute, M; Knuteson, B; Ko, B R; Kondo, K; Kong, D J; Konigsberg, J; Korytov, A; Kotwal, A V; Kovalev, A; Kraan, A C; Kraus, J; Kravchenko, I; Kreps, M; Kroll, J; Krumnack, N; Kruse, M; Krutelyov, V; Kubo, T; Kuhlmann, S E; Kuhr, T; Kusakabe, Y; Kwang, S; Laasanen, A T; Labarga, L; Lai, S; Lami, S; Lammel, S; Lancaster, M; Lander, R L; Lannon, K; Lath, A; Latino, G; Lazzizzera, I; LeCompte, T; Lee, J; Lee, J; Lee, Y J; Lee, S W; Lefèvre, R; Leonardo, N; Leone, S; Levy, S; Lewis, J D; Lin, C; Lin, C S; Lindgren, M; Lipeles, E; Liss, T M; Lister, A; Litvintsev, D O; Liu, T; Lockyer, N S; Loginov, A; Loreti, M; Loverre, P; Lu, R-S; Lucchesi, D; Lujan, P; Lukens, P; Lungu, G; Lyons, L; Lys, J; Lysak, R; Lytken, E; Mack, P; MacQueen, D; Madrak, R; Maeshima, K; Makhoul, K; Maki, T; Maksimovic, P; Malde, S; Manca, G; Margaroli, F; Marginean, R; Marino, C; Marino, C P; Martin, A; Martin, M; Martin, V; Martínez, M; Maruyama, T; Mastrandrea, P; Masubuchi, T; Matsunaga, H; Mattson, M E; Mazini, R; Mazzanti, P; McFarland, K S; McIntyre, P; McNulty, R; Mehta, A; Mehtala, P; Menzemer, S; Menzione, A; Merkel, P; Mesropian, C; Messina, A; Miao, T; Miladinovic, N; Miles, J; Miller, R; Mills, C; Milnik, M; Mitra, A; Mitselmakher, G; Miyamoto, A; Moed, S; Moggi, N; Mohr, B; Moore, R; Morello, M; Movilla Fernandez, P; Mülmenstädt, J; Mukherjee, A; Muller, Th; Mumford, R; Murat, P; Nachtman, J; Nagano, A; Naganoma, J; Nahn, S; Nakano, I; Napier, A; Necula, V; Neu, C; Neubauer, M S; Nielsen, J; Nigmanov, T; Nodulman, L; Norniella, O; Nurse, E; Oh, S H; Oh, Y D; Oksuzian, I; Okusawa, T; Oldeman, R; Orava, R; Osterberg, K; Pagliarone, C; Palencia, E; Papadimitriou, V; Paramonov, A A; Parks, B; Pashapour, S; Patrick, J; Pauletta, G; Paulini, M; Paus, C; Pellett, D E; Penzo, A; Phillips, T J; Piacentino, G; Piedra, J; Pinera, L; Pitts, K; Plager, C; Pondrom, L; Portell, X; Poukhov, O; Pounder, N; Prokoshin, F; Pronko, A; Proudfoot, J; Ptochos, F; Punzi, G; Pursley, J; Rademacker, J; Rahaman, A; Ranjan, N; Rappoccio, S; Reisert, B; Rekovic, V; Renton, P; Rescigno, M; Richter, S; Rimondi, F; Ristori, L; Robson, A; Rodrigo, T; Rogers, E; Rolli, S; Roser, R; Rossi, M; Rossin, R; Ruiz, A; Russ, J; Rusu, V; Saarikko, H; Sabik, S; Safonov, A; Sakumoto, W K; Salamanna, G; Saltó, O; Saltzberg, D; Sánchez, C; Santi, L; Sarkar, S; Sartori, L; Sato, K; Savard, P; Savoy-Navarro, A; Scheidle, T; Schlabach, P; Schmidt, E E; Schmidt, M P; Schmitt, M; Schwarz, T; Scodellaro, L; Scott, A L; Scribano, A; Scuri, F; Sedov, A; Seidel, S; Seiya, Y; Semenov, A; Sexton-Kennedy, L; Sfyrla, A; Shapiro, M D; Shears, T; Shepard, P F; Sherman, D; Shimojima, M; Shochet, M; Shon, Y; Shreyber, I; Sidoti, A; Sinervo, P; Sisakyan, A; Sjolin, J; Slaughter, A J; Slaunwhite, J; Sliwa, K; Smith, J R; Snider, F D; Snihur, R; Soderberg, M; Soha, A; Somalwar, S; Sorin, V; Spalding, J; Spinella, F; Spreitzer, T; Squillacioti, P; Stanitzki, M; Staveris-Polykalas, A; St Denis, R; Stelzer, B; Stelzer-Chilton, O; Stentz, D; Strologas, J; Stuart, D; Suh, J S; Sukhanov, A; Sun, H; Suzuki, T; Taffard, A; Takashima, R; Takeuchi, Y; Takikawa, K; Tanaka, M; Tanaka, R; Tecchio, M; Teng, P K; Terashi, K; Tesarek, R J; Thom, J; Thompson, A S; Thomson, E; Tipton, P; Tiwari, V; Tkaczyk, S; Toback, D; Tokar, S; Tollefson, K; Tomura, T; Tonelli, D; Torre, S; Torretta, D; Tourneur, S; Trischuk, W; Tsuchiya, R; Tsuno, S; Turini, N; Ukegawa, F; Unverhau, T; Uozumi, S; Usynin, D; Vallecorsa, S; van Remortel, N; Varganov, A; Vataga, E; Vázquez, F; Velev, G; Veramendi, G; Veszpremi, V; Vidal, R; Vila, I; Vilar, R; Vine, T; Vollrath, I; Volobouev, I; Volpi, G; Würthwein, F; Wagner, P; Wagner, R G; Wagner, R L; Wagner, J; Wagner, W; Wallny, R; Wang, S M; Warburton, A; Waschke, S; Waters, D; Weinberger, M; Wester, W C; Whitehouse, B; Whiteson, D; Wicklund, A B; Wicklund, E; Williams, G; Williams, H H; Wilson, P; Winer, B L; Wittich, P; Wolbers, S; Wolfe, C; Wright, T; Wu, X; Wynne, S M; Yagil, A; Yamamoto, K; Yamaoka, J; Yamashita, T; Yang, C; Yang, U K; Yang, Y C; Yao, W M; Yeh, G P; Yoh, J; Yorita, K; Yoshida, T; Yu, G B; Yu, I; Yu, S S; Yun, J C; Zanello, L; Zanetti, A; Zaw, I; Zhang, X; Zhou, J; Zucchelli, S

2007-03-23

We report a measurement of the Lambda b0 lifetime in the exclusive decay Lambda b0-->J/psi Lambda 0 in pp collisions at square root s=1.96 TeV using an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb-1 of data collected by the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. Using fully reconstructed decays, we measure tau(Lambda b0)=1.593(-0.078)(+0.083)(stat)+/-0.033(syst) ps. This is the single most precise measurement of tau(Lambda b0) and is 3.2sigma higher than the current world average.

Unified Engineering Software System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Purves, L. R.; Gordon, S.; Peltzman, A.; Dube, M.

1989-01-01

Collection of computer programs performs diverse functions in prototype engineering. NEXUS, NASA Engineering Extendible Unified Software system, is research set of computer programs designed to support full sequence of activities encountered in NASA engineering projects. Sequence spans preliminary design, design analysis, detailed design, manufacturing, assembly, and testing. Primarily addresses process of prototype engineering, task of getting single or small number of copies of product to work. Written in FORTRAN 77 and PROLOG.

Microprogrammable Integrated Data Acquisition System-Fatigue Life Data Application

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-03-01

Lt. James W. Sturges, successfully applied the Midas general system [Sturges, 1975] to the fatigue life data monitoring problem and proved its...life data problem . The Midas FLD system computer program generates the required signals in the proper sequence for effectively sampling the 8-channel...Integrated Data Acquisition System- Fatigue Life Data Application" ( Midas FLD) is a microprocessor based data acquisition system. It incorporates a Pro-Log

Observation of the baryonic B decay B{sup 0}{yields}{Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{Lambda}K{sup -}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lees, J. P.; Poireau, V.; Tisserand, V.

2011-10-01

We report the observation of the baryonic B decay B{sup 0}{yields}{Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{Lambda}K{sup -} with a significance larger than 7 standard deviations based on 471x10{sup 6} BB pairs collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II storage ring at SLAC. We measure the branching fraction for the decay B{sup 0}{yields}{Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{Lambda}K{sup -} to be (3.8{+-}0.8{sub stat}{+-}0.2{sub sys}{+-}1.0{sub {Lambda}}{sub c}{sup +})x10{sup -5}. The uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and due to the uncertainty in the {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +} branching fraction. We find that the {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}K{sup -} invariant-mass distribution shows an enhancement above 3.5 GeV/c{sup 2}.

Doublet-spacing enhancement caused by {Lambda}N-{Sigma}N coupling in {sub {Lambda}L}i hypernuclear isotopes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Umeya, Atsushi; Harada, Toru; Research Center for Physics and Mathematics, Osaka Electro-Communication University, Neyagawa, Osaka 572-8530

2011-03-15

We theoretically investigate energy spacings of doublets in {sub {Lambda}L}i hypernuclear isotopes with A=7-10 in shell-model calculations with a {Lambda}N-{Sigma}N coupling effect. The calculated results show that the energy shifts are {Delta}{epsilon}=0.09-0.28 MeV and the {Sigma}-mixing probabilities are P{sub {Sigma}}=0.10%-0.34% in {Lambda} ground states for the isotopes because of the {Lambda}N-{Sigma}N coupling in the first-order perturbation. It is found that the energy spacing of the doublet is enhanced as a neutron number N increases; the contribution of the {Lambda}N-{Sigma}N coupling interaction is comparable to that of the {Lambda}N interaction in the neutron-rich {Lambda} hypernuclei. The coherent mechanism of this doublet-spacingmore » enhancement is also discussed in terms of Fermi-type and Gamow-Teller-type {Lambda}N-{Sigma}N couplings.« less

The role of template superhelicity in the initiation of bacteriophage lambda DNA replication.

PubMed Central

Alfano, C; McMacken, R

1988-01-01

The prepriming steps in the initiation of bacteriophage lambda DNA replication depend on the action of the lambda O and P proteins and on the DnaB helicase, single-stranded DNA binding protein (SSB), and DnaJ and DnaK heat shock proteins of the E. coli host. The binding of multiple copies of the lambda O protein to the phage replication origin (ori lambda) initiates the ordered assembly of a series of nucleoprotein structures that form at ori lambda prior to DNA unwinding, priming and DNA synthesis steps. Since the initiation of lambda DNA replication is known to occur only on supercoiled templates in vivo and in vitro, we examined how the early steps in lambda DNA replication are influenced by superhelical tension. All initiation complexes formed prior to helicase-mediated DNA-unwinding form with high efficiency on relaxed ori lambda DNA. Nonetheless, the DNA templates in these structures must be negatively supertwisted before they can be replicated. Once DNA helicase unwinding is initiated at ori lambda, however, later steps in lambda DNA replication proceed efficiently in the absence of superhelical tension. We conclude that supercoiling is required during the initiation of lambda DNA replication to facilitate entry of a DNA helicase, presumably the DnaB protein, between the DNA strands. Images PMID:2847118

Galaxy formation in Lambda greater than 0 Friedmann models: Consequences for the number counts versus redshift test

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Martel, Hugo

1994-01-01

We study the effect of the cosmological constant Lambda on galaxy formation using a simple spherical top-hat overdensity model. We consider models with Omega(sub 0) = 0.2, lambda(sub 0) = 0, and Omega(sub 0) = 0.2, lambda(sub 0) = 0.8 (where Omega(sub 0) is the density parameter, and lambda(sub 0) identically equal Lambda/3 H(sub 0 exp 2) where H(sub 0) is the Hubble constant). We adjust the initial power spectrum amplitude so that both models reproduce the same large-scale structures. The galaxy formation era in the lambda(sub 0) = 0 model occurs early (z approximately 6) and is very short, whereas in the lambda(sub 0) = 0.8 model the galaxy formation era starts later (z approximately 4), and last much longer, possibly all the way to the present. Consequently, galaxies at low redshift (z less than 1) are significantly more evolved in the lambda(sub 0) = 0 model than in the lambda(sub 0) = 0.8 model. This result implies that previous attempts to determine Lambda using the number counts versus redshift test are probably unreliable.

Development of in-vitro models to elucidate mechanisms of intrinsic cellular and tissue fluorescence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Savage, Howard E.; Kolli, Venkateswara; Saha, Sanjoy; Zhang, Jian C.; Glasgold, Mark; Sacks, Peter G.; Alfano, Robert R.; Schantz, Stimson P.

1995-04-01

In vitro cell model systems have been used to study the mechanisms of intrinsic cellular and tissue fluorescence as a potential biomarker for cancer. Phenotypic characteristics of cancer that are different from normal tissue include changes in histoarchitecture, proliferation rates and differentiation. a nitrosmethlybenzylamine (NMBA)/rat esophageal carcinogenesis model (NMBA), a transforming growth factor beta (TGF- (beta) )/normal epithelial cell model, and a retinoic acid (RA)/multicellular tumor spheroid model (RAMTS) were used to assess fluorescence changes associated respectively with changes in histoarchitecture, proliferation rates and differentiation. A xenon based fluorescence spectrophotometer (Mediscience Corp.) was used to collect excitation and emission spectra. Two excitation scans ((lambda) Ex 200-360 nm, (lambda) Em 380 nm; (lambda) Ex 240-430 nm, (lambda) Em 450 nm) and two emission scans ((lambda) Ex 300 nm, (lambda) Em 320-580 nm; (lambda) Ex 340 nm, (lambda) Em 360-660 nm) were used to analyze the three model systems. Using the NMBA model. Differences were seen in the excitation scan ((lambda) Ex 200-360 nm, (lambda) Em 380 nm) and the emission scan ((lambda) Ex 340 nm, (lambda) Em 360-660 nm) when normal rat esophageal tissue was compared to hyperplastic and tumor tissue. In the (TGF-(beta) ) model, differences were seen in the excitation scan ((lambda) Ex 240-430 nm, (lambda) Em 450 nm) when comparing proliferation slowed (TGF-(beta) treated) epithelial cells to their untreated controls. In the RAMTS model, differences were seen with all four scans when RA treated multicellular tumor spheroids (nondifferentiating) were compared to untreated control cells (differentiating). The data indicate that fluorescence changes seen in these model systems may relate to changes in histoarchitecture, proliferation rates and differentiation. Their relationship to in vivo fluorescence changes seen in cancer patients remains to be elucidated.

First measurement of the ratio of branching fractions B({lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}{nu}{sub {mu}})/B({lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -})

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aaltonen, T.; Maki, T.; Mehtala, P.

2009-02-01

This article presents the first measurement of the ratio of branching fractions B({lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}{nu}{sub {mu}})/B({lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}). Measurements in two control samples using the same technique B(B{sup 0}{yields}D{sup +}{mu}{sup -}{nu}{sub {mu}})/B(B{sup 0}{yields}D{sup +}{pi}{sup -}) and B(B{sup 0}{yields}D*(2010){sup +}{mu}{sup -}{nu}{sub {mu}})/B(B{sup 0}{yields}D*(2010){sup +}{pi}{sup -}) are also reported. The analysis uses data from an integrated luminosity of approximately 172 pb{sup -1} of pp collisions at {radical}(s)=1.96 TeV, collected with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. The relative branching fractions are measured to be (B({lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}{nu}{sub {mu}})/B({lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{supmore » +}{pi}{sup -}))=16.6{+-}3.0(stat){+-}1.0(syst)(+2.6/-3.4)(PDG){+-}0.3 (EBR), (B(B{sup 0}{yields}D{sup +}{mu}{sup -}{nu}{sub {mu}})/B(B{sup 0}{yields}D{sup +}{pi}{sup -}))9.9{+-}1.0(stat){+-}0.6(syst){+-}0.4(PDG){+-}0.5(EBR), and (B(B{sup 0}{yields}D*(2010){sup +}{mu}{sup -}{nu}{sub {mu}})/B(B{sup 0}{yields}D*(2010){sup +}{pi}{sup -}))=16.5{+-}2.3(stat){+-} 0.6(syst){+-}0.5(PDG){+-}0.8(EBR). The uncertainties are from statistics (stat), internal systematics (syst), world averages of measurements published by the Particle Data Group or subsidiary measurements in this analysis (PDG), and unmeasured branching fractions estimated from theory (EBR), respectively. This article also presents measurements of the branching fractions of four new {lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} semileptonic decays: {lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}(2595){sup +}{mu}{sup -}{nu}{sub {mu}}, {lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}(2625){sup +}{mu}{sup -}{nu}{sub {mu}}, {lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}{yields}{sigma}{sub c}(2455){sup 0}{pi}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}{nu}{sub {mu}}, and {lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}{yields}{sigma}{sub c}(2455){sup ++}{pi}{sup -}{mu}{sup -}{nu}{sub {mu}}, relative to the branching fraction of the {lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}{nu}{sub {mu}} decay. Finally, the transverse-momentum distribution of {lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} baryons produced in pp collisions is measured and found to be significantly different from that of B{sup 0} mesons, which results in a modification in the production cross-section ratio {sigma}{sub {lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}}/{sigma}{sub B{sup 0}} with respect to the CDF I measurement.« less

On the nature of the nova-like variable CD-42 deg 14462

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Guinan, E. F.; Sion, E. M.

1981-01-01

Low dispersion long and short wavelength IUE spectra of the nova like system CD-42 deg 14462 were obtained on August 24 U.T. The short wave spectrum exhibits absorption features due to C III (lambda 1175), Lalpha 1216), NV (lambda1240), HeII (lambda 1640), SiIV (lambda1394), NIV (lambda1875) with CIV (lambda1550) as a P Cygni feature with blue shifted absorption suggesting the presence of material leaving the system. Possible interpretations of this object are discussed.

Anti p and anti Lambda production in Si + Au collisions at the AGS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wu, Yue-Dong

1996-01-01

(anti (ital p)) and (anti (Lambda)) production in central Si + Au collisions has been measured by E589 at the BNL-AGS. Preliminary (ital m)(sub (perpendicular)) spectra are presented for (anti (ital p))'s and (anti (Lambda))'s. The (ital dn/dy) distribution for (anti (ital p))'s is also presented. Based on the (anti (ital p)) and (anti (Lambda)) measurements, (anti (Lambda))/(anti (ital p)) ratios are calculated in the rapidity range of 1.1-1.5.

ASYMMETRIC ABSORPTION PROFILES OF Ly{alpha} AND Ly{beta} IN DAMPED Ly{alpha} SYSTEMS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lee, Hee-Won, E-mail: hwlee@sejong.ac.kr

2013-08-01

Damped Ly{alpha} systems observed in the quasar spectra are characterized by a high neutral hydrogen column density, N{sub HI} > 2 x 10{sup 20} cm{sup -2}. The absorption wing profiles are often fitted using the Voigt function due to the fact that the scattering cross section near the resonant line center is approximately described by the Lorentzian function. Since a hydrogen atom has infinitely many p states that participate in the electric dipole interaction, the cross section starts to deviate from the Lorentzian in an asymmetric way in the line wing regions. We investigate this asymmetry in the absorption linemore » profiles around Ly{alpha} and Ly{beta} as a function of the neutral hydrogen column density N{sub HI}. In terms of {Delta}{lambda} {identical_to} {lambda} - {lambda}{sub {alpha}}, we expand the Kramers-Heisenberg formula around Ly{alpha} to find {sigma}({lambda}) {approx_equal} (0.5f{sub 12}){sup 2}{sigma}{sub T}({Delta}{lambda}/{lambda}{sub {alpha}}){sup -2}[1 + 3.792({Delta}{lambda}/{lambda}{sub {alpha}})], where f{sub 12} and {sigma}{sub T} are the oscillator strength of Ly{alpha} and the Thomson scattering cross section, respectively. In terms of {Delta}{lambda}{sub 2} {identical_to} {lambda} - {lambda}{sub {beta}} in the vicinity of Ly{beta}, the total scattering cross section, given as the sum of cross sections for Rayleigh and Raman scattering, is shown to be {sigma}({lambda}) {approx_equal} {sigma}{sub T}(0.5f{sub 13}){sup 2}(1 + R{sub 0})({Delta}{lambda}{sub 2}/{lambda}{sub {beta}}){sup -2}[1 - 24.68({Delta}{lambda}{sub 2}/{lambda}{sub {beta}})] with f{sub 13} and the factor R{sub 0} = 0.1342 being the oscillator strength for Ly{beta} and the ratio of the Raman cross section to Rayleigh cross section, respectively. A redward asymmetry develops around Ly{alpha}, whereas a blue asymmetry is obtained for Ly{beta}. The absorption center shifts are found to be almost proportional to the neutral hydrogen column density.« less

Comprehensive Reproductive System Care Program - Clinical Breast Care Project (CRSCP-CBCP)

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

biomedical informatics group here, the ProLogic team, and the MDR Global leader. This Pathology Checklist tablet data capturing system development with...initiative in developing a prototype tablet application using the Pathology Checklist as the first example following a decision made at the last CBCP...enabling surgery within the center. The Breast Imaging Center has a designated Aurora Breast MRI machine. The merging of the Army and Navy Breast

A Prolog System for Converting VHDL-Based Models to Generalized Extraction System (GES) Rules

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-06-01

NOTICE When Government drawings, specifications, or other data are used for any purpose other than in connection with a definitely Government-related...any way supplied the said drawings, specifications, or other data , is not to be regarded by implication, or otherwise in any manner construed, as...information is estimated to average I hour per response, including the time for reviewilng instuctions. searching existing data souarces, qthprinq ted

PUP: An Architecture to Exploit Parallel Unification in Prolog

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-03-01

environment stacking mo del similar to the Warren Abstract Machine [23] since it has been shown to be super ior to other known models (see [21]). The storage...execute in groups of independent operations. Unifications belonging to different group s may not overlap. Also unification operations belonging to the...since all parallel operations on the unification units must complete before any of the units can star t executing the next group of parallel

Hybrid Memory Management for Parallel Execution of Prolog on Shared Memory Multiprocessors

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-06-01

organizing data to increase locality. The stack structure exhibits greater locality than the heap structure. Tradeoff decisions can also be made on...PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES...University of California at Berkeley,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences,Berkeley,CA,94720 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT

Measurement of sigma(Lambda(b)0) / sigma(anti-B 0) x B(Lambda0(b) ---> Lambda+(c) pi-) / B(anti-B0 ---> D+ pi-) in p anti-p collisions at S**(1/2) = 1.96-TeV

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Abulencia, A.; Acosta, D.; Adelman, Jahred A.

2006-01-01

The authors present the first observation of the baryon decay {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +} {pi}{sup -} followed by {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +} {yields} pK{sup -} {pi}{sup +} in 106 pb{sup -1} p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV in the CDF experiment. IN order to reduce systematic error, the measured rate for {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} decay is normalized to the kinematically similar meson decay {bar B}{sup 0} {yields} D{sup +}{pi}{sup -} followed by D{sup +} {yields} {pi}{sup +}K{sup -}{pi}{sup +}. They report the ratio of production cross sections ({sigma}) times the ratio of branching fractions ({Beta}) formore » the momentum region integrated above p{sub T} > 6 GeV/c and pseudorapidity range |{eta}| < 1.3: {sigma}(p{bar p} {yields} {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}X)/{sigma}(p{bar p} {yields} {bar B}{sup 0} X) x {Beta}({Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -})/{Beta}({bar B}{sup 0} {yields} D{sup +}{pi}{sup -}) = 0.82 {+-} 0.08(stat) {+-} 0.11(syst) {+-} 0.22 ({Beta}({Lambda}{sub c}{sup +} {yields} pK{sup -} {pi}{sup +})).« less

Inhibitory effect of tocotrienol on eukaryotic DNA polymerase {lambda} and angiogenesis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mizushina, Yoshiyuki; Nakagawa, Kiyotaka; Shibata, Akira

2006-01-20

Tocotrienols, vitamin E compounds that have an unsaturated side chain with three double bonds, selectively inhibited the activity of mammalian DNA polymerase {lambda} (pol {lambda}) in vitro. These compounds did not influence the activities of replicative pols such as {alpha}, {delta}, and {epsilon}, or even the activity of pol {beta} which is thought to have a very similar three-dimensional structure to the pol {beta}-like region of pol {lambda}. Since {delta}-tocotrienol had the strongest inhibitory effect among the four ({alpha}- to {delta}-) tocotrienols, the isomer's structure might be an important factor in the inhibition of pol {lambda}. The inhibitory effect ofmore » {delta}-tocotrienol on both intact pol {lambda} (residues 1-575) and a truncated pol {lambda} lacking the N-terminal BRCA1 C-terminus (BRCT) domain (residues 133-575, del-1 pol {lambda}) was dose-dependent, with 50% inhibition observed at a concentration of 18.4 and 90.1 {mu}M, respectively. However, del-2 pol {lambda} (residues 245-575) containing the C-terminal pol {beta}-like region was unaffected. Tocotrienols also inhibited the proliferation of and formation of tubes by bovine aortic endothelial cells, with {delta}-tocotrienol having the greatest effect. These results indicated that tocotrienols targeted both pol {lambda} and angiogenesis as anti-cancer agents. The relationship between the inhibition of pol {lambda} and anti-angiogenesis by {delta}-tocotrienol was discussed.« less

The formation of low-ionization emission in the halo of NGC 891

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sokolowski, James; Bland-Hawthorn, Jonathan

1993-01-01

Imaging and Spectroscopic study first revealed the presence of a diffuse ionized medium (DIM), having unusual excitation, pervading the lower halo of the edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 891. Emission from this DIM is strongest northeast of the nucleus, at radii between 2 and 8 kpc (hereafter region 1). The (N2)(lambda)6583/H(alpha) and (S2)(lambda) (lambda)6716,6731/H(alpha) ratios increase dramatically with z in region 1, from 0.6 and 0.5 respectively at z is approximately equal to 500 pc to 1.1 and 1.0 at z is approximately equal to 1 kpc, while nondetections of (O1)(lambda)6300 and (O3)(lambda)5007 emission yield upper limits of (O1)(lambda)6300/H(alpha) less than or equal to 0.05 and (O3)(lambda)5007/H(alpha) less than or equal to 0.15 for z less than 1 kpc. Previous photoionization models, using the radiation field from disk O and B stars, have been successful in reproducing the elevated (N2)(lambda)6583/H(alpha) and (S2)(lambda)(lambda)6716.6731/H(alpha) ratios observed. However, these radiation bounded models also produce significant (O3)(lambda)5007 emission, in conflict with the observed upper limit. Here, we report the results of new, matter bounded models for the photoionization of the DIM in region 1 of NGC 891.

Measurement of the Lambda(0)(b) lifetime in the exclusive decay Lambda(0)(b) -> J/psi Lambda(0) in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Abazov V. M.; Abbott, B.; Acharya, B. S.

2012-06-07

We measure the {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} lifetime in the fully reconstructed decay {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} J/{psi}{Lambda}{sup 0} using 10.4 fb{sup -1} of p{bar p} collisions collected with the D0 detector at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV. The lifetime of the topologically similar decay channel B{sup 0} {yields} J/{psi}K{sub S}{sup 0} is also measured. We obtain {tau}({Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}) = 1.303 {+-} 0.075(stat) {+-} 0.035(syst) ps and {tau}(B{sup 0}) = 1.508 {+-} 0.025(stat) {+-} 0.043(syst) ps. Using these measurements, we determine the lifetime ratio of {tau}({Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0})/{tau}(B{sup 0}) = 0.864 {+-} 0.052(stat) {+-} 0.033(syst).

A Randomized Study of Peginterferon Lambda-1a Compared to Peginterferon Alfa-2a in Combination with Ribavirin and Telaprevir in Patients with Genotype-1 Chronic Hepatitis C.

PubMed

Flisiak, Robert; Shiffman, Mitchell; Arenas, Juan; Cheinquer, Hugo; Nikitin, Igor; Dong, Yuping; Rana, Khurram; Srinivasan, Subasree

2016-01-01

A randomized, double-blind, multinational, phase 3 study was conducted comparing the efficacy and safety of peginterferon lambda-1a (Lambda)/ribavirin (RBV)/telaprevir (TVR) vs. peginterferon alfa-2a (Alfa)/RBV/TVR in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype-1 (GT-1) infection. Patients (treatment-naïve or relapsers on prior Alfa/RBV treatment) were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive Lambda/RBV/TVR or Alfa/RBV/TVR. Total duration of treatment was either 24 or 48 weeks (response-guided treatment), with TVR administered for the first 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who achieved a sustained virologic response at post treatment week 12 (SVR12), which was tested for noninferiority of Lambda/RBV/TVR. A total of 838 patients were enrolled, and 617 were treated; 411 and 206 patients received Lambda/RBV/TVR and Alfa/RBV/TVR, respectively. The majority of patients were treatment-naïve, with HCV GT-1b and a high baseline viral load (≥800,000 IU/mL). Less than 10% of patients had cirrhosis (Lambda, 7.5%; Alfa, 6.8%). Lambda/RBV/TVR did not meet the criterion for noninferiority (lower bound of the treatment difference interval was -12.3%); the SVR12 in all patients (modified intent-to-treat) was 76.2% in the Lambda arm and 82.0% in the Alfa arm. Overall, the frequency of adverse events in each arm was comparable (Lambda, 91.7%; Alfa, 97.1%). As expected based on the safety profile of the 2 interferons, there were more hepatobiliary events observed in the Lambda arm and more hematologic events in the Alfa arm. In this comparison of Lambda/RBV/TVR and Alfa/RBV/TVR in patients who were treatment-naïve or had relapsed on prior Alfa/RBV treatment, Lambda failed to demonstrate noninferiority based on SVR12 results. Treatment with Lambda/RBV/TVR was associated with a higher incidence of relapse. More patients discontinued Lambda/RBV/TVR treatment during the first 4 weeks of study treatment, mainly due to hepatobiliary-related events, and more Lambda patients were lost to follow-up.

Apparatus and method for closed-loop control of reactor power in minimum time

DOEpatents

Bernard, Jr., John A.

1988-11-01

Closed-loop control law for altering the power level of nuclear reactors in a safe manner and without overshoot and in minimum time. Apparatus is provided for moving a fast-acting control element such as a control rod or a control drum for altering the nuclear reactor power level. A computer computes at short time intervals either the function: .rho.=(.beta.-.rho.).omega.-.lambda..sub.e '.rho.-.SIGMA..beta..sub.i (.lambda..sub.i -.lambda..sub.e ')+l* .omega.+l* [.omega..sup.2 +.lambda..sub.e '.omega.] or the function: .rho.=(.beta.-.rho.).omega.-.lambda..sub.e .rho.-(.lambda..sub.e /.lambda..sub.e)(.beta.-.rho.)+l* .omega.+l* [.omega..sup.2 +.lambda..sub.e .omega.-(.lambda..sub.e /.lambda..sub.e).omega.] These functions each specify the rate of change of reactivity that is necessary to achieve a specified rate of change of reactor power. The direction and speed of motion of the control element is altered so as to provide the rate of reactivity change calculated using either or both of these functions thereby resulting in the attainment of a new power level without overshoot and in minimum time. These functions are computed at intervals of approximately 0.01-1.0 seconds depending on the specific application.

Formal Verification of Digital Logic

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-12-01

INVERT circuit was based upon VHDL code provided in the Zycad Reference Manual [32:Ch 10,73]. The other circuits were based upon VHtDL code written...HALFADD.PL /* This file implements a simple half-adder that * /* is built from inverters and 2 input nand gates. * /* It is based upon a Zycad VHDL file...It is based upon a Zycad VHDL file written by * /* Capt Dave Banton, which is attached below the * /* Prolog code . *load..in(primitive). %h get nor2

A Comparison Between the PLM and the MC68020 as Prolog Processors

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-01-01

Continnt &OII P0111ter CP Memory X6_ofset(MP) A11ument Register 6 A6 Memory X7_ofset(MP) A11ument Register 7 A7 Memory X6_ofaet(MP) Tempor&ry Register 6...get_vuia.ble_Y iaput. Permeunt nria.ble Yi &Dd &rgumeat ~Jl8ler XJ output: fuDctioD move the content of Xj iato Yi get_va.na.ble_Y: move.! Xi.·4

Design and Implementation of a CMOS Chip for a Prolog

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-03-01

generation scheme . We use the P -circuit [9] with pre-conditioning and post- conditioning 12,3] circuits to generate the carry. The implementation of...system generates vertical microcode for a general purpose processor, the NCR 9300 sys- S tem, from W- code [7]. Three significant pieces of software are...calculation block generating the pro- pagate ( P ) and generate (G) signals needed for carry calculation, and a sum block supplying the final result. The top

Exploiting Constraints in Design Synthesis

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-04-01

viewed as a sequence of implicit or explicit, decisions. Heuristic Dendral [8], REF-ARF [24] and Stefik’s MOLGEN planner [93,92] are important examples of...8217 early papers [39,38,37] on declarativism were also seminal. A declarativist view is part and parcel of logic programming, and such a view has been...embodied in such systems as Prolog [78] and MRS [27,79. See also Kowalski [48,47] for early expressions of declarativism as it related to logic

Architecture studies and system demonstrations for optical parallel processor for AI and NI

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Sing H.

1988-03-01

In solving deterministic AI problems the data search for matching the arguments of a PROLOG expression causes serious bottleneck when implemented sequentially by electronic systems. To overcome this bottleneck we have developed the concepts for an optical expert system based on matrix-algebraic formulation, which will be suitable for parallel optical implementation. The optical AI system based on matrix-algebraic formation will offer distinct advantages for parallel search, adult learning, etc.

On Spectral Invariance of Single Scattering Albedo for Weakly Absorbing Wavelengths

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Marshak, Alexander; Knyazikhin, Yuri; Chiu, J. Christine; Wiscombe, Warren J.

2011-01-01

This note shows that for water droplets at weakly absorbing wavelengths, the ratio omega(sub O lambda(r))/omega(sub O lambda(r(sub O)) of two single scattering albedo spectra, omega(sub O lambda(r) and omega(sub O lambda(r (sub O)), is a linear function of omega(sub O lambda(r). The slope and intercept of the linear function are wavelength independent and sum to unity. This relationship allows for a representation of any single scattering albedo omega(sub O lambda(r) via one known spectrum omega(sub O lambda(r(sub O)). The note provides a simple physical explanation of the discovered relationship. In addition to water droplets, similar linear relationships were found for the single scattering albedo of non-spherical ice crystals.

Pegylated interferons Lambda-1a and alfa-2a display different gene induction and cytokine and chemokine release profiles in whole blood, human hepatocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

PubMed

Freeman, J; Baglino, S; Friborg, J; Kraft, Z; Gray, T; Hill, M; McPhee, F; Hillson, J; Lopez-Talavera, J C; Wind-Rotolo, M

2014-06-01

Pegylated interferon-lambda-1a (Lambda), a type III interferon (IFN) in clinical development for the treatment of chronic HCV infection, has shown comparable efficacy and an improved safety profile to a regimen based on pegylated IFN alfa-2a (alfa). To establish a mechanistic context for this improved profile, we investigated the ex vivo effects of Lambda and alfa on cytokine and chemokine release, and on expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in primary human hepatocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy subjects. Our findings were further compared with changes observed in blood analysed from HCV-infected patients treated with Lambda or alfa in clinical studies. mRNA transcript and protein expression of the IFN-λ-limiting receptor subunit was lower compared with IFN-α receptor subunits in all cell types. Upon stimulation, alfa and Lambda induced ISG expression in hepatocytes and PBMCs, although in PBMCs Lambda-induced ISG expression was modest. Furthermore, alfa and Lambda induced release of cytokines and chemokines from hepatocytes and PBMCs, although differences in their kinetics of induction were observed. In HCV-infected patients, alfa treatment induced ISG expression in whole blood after single and repeat dosing. Lambda treatment induced modest ISG expression after single dosing and showed no induction after repeat dosing. Alfa and Lambda treatment increased IP-10, iTAC, IL-6, MCP-1 and MIP-1β levels in serum, with alfa inducing higher levels of all mediators compared with Lambda. Overall, ex vivo and in vivo induction profiles reported in this analysis strongly correlate with clinical observations of fewer related adverse events for Lambda vs those typically associated with alfa. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Environmental chemistry, ecotoxicity, and fate of lambda-cyhalothrin.

PubMed

He, Li-Ming; Troiano, John; Wang, Albert; Goh, Kean

2008-01-01

Lambda-cyhalothrin is a pyrethroid insecticide used for controlling pest insects in agriculture, public health, and in construction and households. Lambda-cyhalothrin is characterized by low vapor pressure and a low Henry's law constant but by a high octanol-water partition coefficient (K(ow)) and high water-solid-organic carbon partition coefficient (K(oc)) values. Lambda-cyhalothrin is quite stable in water at pH < 8, whereas it hydrolyzes to form HCN and aldehyde under alkaline conditions. Although lambda-cyhalothrin is relatively photostable under natural irradiation, with a half-life > 3 wk, its photolysis process is fast under UV irradiation, with a half-life < 10 min. The fate of lambda-cyhalothrin in aquatic ecosystems depends on the nature of system components such as suspended solids (mineral and organic particulates) and aquatic organisms (algae, macrophytes, or aquatic animals). Lambda-cyhalothrin residues dissolved in water decrease rapidly if suspended solids and/or aquatic organisms are present because lambda-cyhalothrin molecules are strongly adsorbed by particulates and plants. Adsorbed lambda-cyhalothrin molecules show decreased degradation rates because they are less accessible to breakdown than free molecules in the water column. On the other hand, lambda-cyhalothrin adsorbed to suspended solids or bottom sediments may provide a mechanism to mitigate its acute toxicity to aquatic organisms by reducing their short-term bioavailability in the water column. The widespread use of lambda-cyhalothrin has resulted in residues in sediment, which have been found to be toxic to aquatic organisms including fish and amphipods. Mitigation measures have been used to reduce the adverse impact of lambda-cyhalothrin contributed from agricultural or urban runoff. Mitigation may be achieved by reducing the quantity of runoff and suspended solid content in runoff through wetlands, detention ponds, or vegetated ditches.

Non-LTE radiative transfer with lambda-acceleration - Convergence properties using exact full and diagonal lambda-operators

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Macfarlane, J. J.

1992-01-01

We investigate the convergence properties of Lambda-acceleration methods for non-LTE radiative transfer problems in planar and spherical geometry. Matrix elements of the 'exact' A-operator are used to accelerate convergence to a solution in which both the radiative transfer and atomic rate equations are simultaneously satisfied. Convergence properties of two-level and multilevel atomic systems are investigated for methods using: (1) the complete Lambda-operator, and (2) the diagonal of the Lambda-operator. We find that the convergence properties for the method utilizing the complete Lambda-operator are significantly better than those of the diagonal Lambda-operator method, often reducing the number of iterations needed for convergence by a factor of between two and seven. However, the overall computational time required for large scale calculations - that is, those with many atomic levels and spatial zones - is typically a factor of a few larger for the complete Lambda-operator method, suggesting that the approach should be best applied to problems in which convergence is especially difficult.

Mass and K{lambda} Coupling of the N*(1535)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liu, B.C.; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049; Zou, B.S.

2006-02-03

Using a resonance isobar model and an effective Lagrangian approach, from recent BES results on J/{psi}{yields}pp{eta} and {psi}{yields}pK{sup +}{lambda}, we deduce the ratio between effective coupling constants of N*(1535) to K{lambda} and p{eta} to be R{identical_to}g{sub N*(1535)K{lambda}}/g{sub N*(1535)p{eta}}=1.3{+-}0.3. With the previous known value of g{sub N*(1535)p{eta}}, the obtained new value of g{sub N*(1535)K{lambda}} is shown to reproduce recent pp{yields}pK{sup +}{lambda} near-threshold cross section data as well. Taking into account this large N*K{lambda} coupling in the coupled channel Breit-Wigner formula for the N*(1535), its Breit-Wigner mass is found to be around 1400 MeV, much smaller than the previous value of aboutmore » 1535 MeV obtained without including its coupling to K{lambda}. The implication on the nature of N*(1535) is discussed.« less

Peginterferon lambda for the treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B: A randomized phase 2b study (LIRA-B).

PubMed

Chan, Henry L Y; Ahn, Sang Hoon; Chang, Ting-Tsung; Peng, Cheng-Yuan; Wong, David; Coffin, Carla S; Lim, Seng Gee; Chen, Pei-Jer; Janssen, Harry L A; Marcellin, Patrick; Serfaty, Lawrence; Zeuzem, Stefan; Cohen, David; Critelli, Linda; Xu, Dong; Wind-Rotolo, Megan; Cooney, Elizabeth

2016-05-01

Peginterferon lambda-1a (lambda) is a Type-III interferon, which, like alfa interferons, has antiviral activity in vitro against hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV); however, lambda has a more limited extra-hepatic receptor distribution. This phase 2b study (LIRA-B) evaluated lambda in patients with chronic HBV infection. Adult HBeAg+ interferon-naive patients were randomized (1:1) to weekly lambda (180 μg) or peginterferon alfa-2a (alfa) for 48 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was HBeAg seroconversion at week 24 post-treatment; lambda non-inferiority was demonstrated if the 80% confidence interval (80% CI) lower bound was >-15%. Baseline characteristics were balanced across groups (lambda N=80; alfa N=83). Early on-treatment declines in HBV-DNA and qHBsAg through week 24 were greater with lambda. HBeAg seroconversion rates were comparable for lambda and alfa at week 48 (17.5% vs. 16.9%, respectively); however lambda non-inferiority was not met at week 24 post-treatment (13.8% vs. 30.1%, respectively; lambda vs. alfa 80% CI lower bound -24%). Results for other key secondary endpoints (virologic, serologic, biochemical) and post hoc combined endpoints (HBV-DNA <2000 IU/ml plus HBeAg seroconversion or ALT normalization) mostly favored alfa. Overall adverse events (AE), serious AE, and AE-discontinuation rates were comparable between arms but AE-spectra differed (more cytopenias, flu-like, and musculoskeletal symptoms observed with alfa, more ALT flares and bilirubin elevations seen with lambda). Most on-treatment flares occurred early (weeks 4-12), associated with HBV-DNA decline; all post-treatment flares were preceded by HBV-DNA rise. On-treatment, lambda showed greater early effects on HBV-DNA and qHBsAg, and comparable serologic/virologic responses at end-of-treatment. However, post-treatment, alfa-associated HBeAg seroconversion rates were higher, and key secondary results mostly favored alfa. ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT01204762. Copyright © 2016 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

First Observation of Charmed Resonances in the $$\\Lambda^0_b \\to \\Lambda^+_c \\pi^- \\pi^+ \\pi^-$$ Inclusive Decay and Measurement of Their Relative Branching Ratios at CDF

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Barria, Patrizia

2012-01-01

We present the observation of themore » $$\\Lambda^0_b$$ decay into a $$\\Lambda^+_c \\pi^- \\pi^+ \\pi^-$$ final state, in $$p\\bar{p}$$ collisions at $$\\sqrt{s}$$ = 1:96 TeV. The data analyzed were collected by the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider, and correspond to 2:4 $$fb^{-1}$$ of integrated luminosity. We fit the invariant mass distribution of the reconstructed candidates to extract a signal yield of 848 $$\\pm$$ 93 $$\\Lambda^0_b$$ into $$\\Lambda^+_c \\pi^- \\pi^+ \\pi^-$$....« less

Further observations of the lambda 10830 He line in stars and their significance as a measure of stellar activity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zirin, H.

1975-01-01

Measurements of the lambda 1030 He line in 198 stars are given along with data on other features in that spectral range. Nearly 80% of all G and K stars show some lambda 10830; of these, half are variable and 1/4 show emission. It was confirmed that lambda 10830 is not found in M stars, is weak in F stars, and is particularly strong in close binaries. The line is found in emission in extremely late M and S stars, along with P gamma, but P gamma is not in emission in G and K stars with lambda 10830 emissions. Variable He emission and Ti I emission are found in the RV Tauri variables R Scuti and U Mon. In R Aqr the Fe XIII coronal line lambda 10747 and a line at lambda 11012 which may be singlet He or La II are found, as well as lambda 10830 and P gamma. The nature of coronas or hot chromospheres in the various stars is discussed. It was concluded that the lambda 10830 intensity must be more or less proportional to the energy deposited in the chromosphere corona by non-thermal processes.

A photon spectrometric dose-rate constant determination for the Advantage Pd-103 brachytherapy source

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, Zhe Jay; Bongiorni, Paul; Nath, Ravinder

Purpose: Although several dosimetric characterizations using Monte Carlo simulation and thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) have been reported for the new Advantage Pd-103 source (IsoAid, LLC, Port Richey, FL), no AAPM consensus value has been established for the dosimetric parameters of the source. The aim of this work was to perform an additional dose-rate constant ({Lambda}) determination using a recently established photon spectrometry technique (PST) that is independent of the published TLD and Monte Carlo techniques. Methods: Three Model IAPD-103A Advantage Pd-103 sources were used in this study. The relative photon energy spectrum emitted by each source along the transverse axis wasmore » measured using a high-resolution germanium spectrometer designed for low-energy photons. For each source, the dose-rate constant was determined from its emitted energy spectrum. The PST-determined dose-rate constant ({sub PST}{Lambda}) was then compared to those determined by TLD ({sub TLD}{Lambda}) and Monte Carlo ({sub MC}{Lambda}) techniques. A likely consensus {Lambda} value was estimated as the arithmetic mean of the average {Lambda} values determined by each of three different techniques. Results: The average {sub PST}{Lambda} value for the three Advantage sources was found to be (0.676{+-}0.026) cGyh{sup -1} U{sup -1}. Intersource variation in {sub PST}{Lambda} was less than 0.01%. The {sub PST}{Lambda} was within 2% of the reported {sub MC}{Lambda} values determined by PTRAN, EGSnrc, and MCNP5 codes. It was 3.4% lower than the reported {sub TLD}{Lambda}. A likely consensus {Lambda} value was estimated to be (0.688{+-}0.026) cGyh{sup -1} U{sup -1}, similar to the AAPM consensus values recommended currently for the Theragenics (Buford, GA) Model 200 (0.686{+-}0.033) cGyh{sup -1} U{sup -1}, the NASI (Chatsworth, CA) Model MED3633 (0.688{+-}0.033) cGyh{sup -1} U{sup -1}, and the Best Medical (Springfield, VA) Model 2335 (0.685{+-}0.033) cGyh{sup -1} U{sup -1} {sup 103}Pd sources. Conclusions: An independent {Lambda} determination has been performed for the Advantage Pd-103 source. The {sub PST}{Lambda} obtained in this work provides additional information needed for establishing a more accurate consensus {Lambda} value for the Advantage Pd-103 source.« less

78 FR 71609 - Methiocarb, Lambda-Cyhalothrin, Permethrin and Prodiamine; Notice of Receipt of Requests To...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-29

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [EPA-HQ-OPP-2009-1017; FRL-9902-77] Methiocarb, Lambda-Cyhalothrin... receipt of requests by the registrants to voluntarily amend their Methiocarb, Lambda- Cyhalothrin... Willowood Lambda Cyhalothrin LLC, Gowan Company, Farnam Companies, Inc., Pyxis Regulatory Consulting, Inc...

Structural relationship of curcumin derivatives binding to the BRCT domain of human DNA polymerase lambda.

PubMed

Takeuchi, Toshifumi; Ishidoh, Tomomi; Iijima, Hiroshi; Kuriyama, Isoko; Shimazaki, Noriko; Koiwai, Osamu; Kuramochi, Kouji; Kobayashi, Susumu; Sugawara, Fumio; Sakaguchi, Kengo; Yoshida, Hiromi; Mizushina, Yoshiyuki

2006-03-01

We previously reported that phenolic compounds, petasiphenol and curcumin (diferuloylmethane), were a selective inhibitor of DNA polymerase lambda (pol lambda) in vitro. The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular structural relationship of curcumin and 13 chemically synthesized derivatives of curcumin. The inhibitory effect on pol lambda (full-length, i.e. intact pol lambda including the BRCA1 C- terminal [BRCT] domain) by some derivatives was stronger than that by curcumin, and monoacetylcurcumin (compound 13) was the strongest pol lambda inhibitor of all the compounds tested, achieving 50% inhibition at a concentration of 3.9 microm. The compound did not influence the activities of replicative pols such as alpha, delta, and epsilon. It had no effect on pol beta activity either, although the three-dimensional structure of pol beta is thought to be highly similar to that of pol lambda. Compound 13 did not inhibit the activity of the C-terminal catalytic domain of pol lambda including the pol beta-like core, in which the BRCT motif was deleted from its N-terminal region. MALDI-TOF MS analysis demonstrated that compound 13 bound selectively to the N-terminal domain of pol lambda, but did not bind to the C-terminal region. Based on these results, the pol lambda-inhibitory mechanism of compound 13 is discussed.

Serum Free Light Chains in Neoplastic Monoclonal Gammopathies: Relative Under-Detection of Lambda Dominant Kappa/Lambda Ratio, and Underproduction of Free Lambda Light Chains, as Compared to Kappa Light Chains, in Patients With Neoplastic Monoclonal Gammopathies.

PubMed

Lee, Won Sok; Singh, Gurmukh

2018-07-01

Quantitative evaluation of serum free light chains is recommended for the work up of monoclonal gammopathies. Immunoglobulin light chains are generally produced in excess of heavy chains. In patients with monoclonal gammopathy, κ/λ ratio is abnormal less frequently with lambda chain lesions. This study was undertaken to ascertain if the levels of overproduction of the two light chain types and their detection rates are different in patients with neoplastic monoclonal gammopathies. Results of serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP), serum protein immunofixation electrophoresis (SIFE), urine protein electrophoresis (UPEP), urine protein immunofixation electrophoresis (UIFE), and serum free light chain assay (SFLCA) in patients with monoclonal gammopathies were examined retrospectively. The κ/λ ratios were appropriately abnormal more often in kappa chain lesions. Ratios of κ/λ were normal in about 25% of patients with lambda chain lesions in whom free homogenous lambda light chains were detectable in urine. An illustrative case suggests underproduction of free lambda light chains, in some instances. The lower prevalence of lambda dominant κ/λ ratio in lesions with lambda light chains is estimated to be due to relative under-detection of lambda dominant κ/λ ratio in about 25% of the patients and because lambda chains are not produced in as much excess of heavy chains as are kappa chains, in about 5% of the patients. The results question the medical necessity and clinical usefulness of the serum free light chain assay. UPEP/UIFE is under-utilized.

Search for CP Violation in Hyperon Decay: $$\\Xi^- / \\bar{\\Xi}^+$$ and $$\\Lambda / \\bar{\\Lambda}$$ (in French)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Leros, Nicolas

2001-06-01

The HyperCP(EB71) experiment, performed at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in the United States, provides a primary search for direct OP violation in the decays ofmore » $$\\Xi^-/\\bar{\\Xi}^+$$ and $$\\Lambda/ \\bar{\\Lambda}$$ hyperons....« less

New SPUDT cell structures.

PubMed

Martin, Guenter; Schmidt, Hagen; Wall, Bert

2004-07-01

The present paper describes single-phase unidirectional transducers (SPUDT) cells with all fingers wider than lambda/8 while maintaining the unidirectional effect. The first solution is related to a SPUDT consisting of lambda/4 and lambda/2 wide fingers arranged in two tracks. Each track has no significant unidirectional effect. Both tracks form a waveguide, and the waveguide coupling generates the interaction of the tracks. As a result of that interaction, a unidirectional effect arises as verified by experiment. This transducer type is called double-track (DT) SPUDT. A second solution is suggested that includes, in contrast to distributed acoustic reflection transducer (DART), electrode width control (EWC), and Hunsinger cells, SPUDT cell fingers with one and the same width only. Cell types with lambda/6, lambda/5, and lambda/3 wide fingers called uniform width electrode (UWE) cells are considered. One of these cell types, including exclusively lambda/5 wide fingers, is experimentally investigated and a unidirectional effect is found. Moreover, a filter example using the lambda/5 cell type has been designed for reducing SPUDT reflections. The echo suppression expected could be verified experimentally. No waveguide coupling is required for this cell type.

Recombination between bacteriophage lambda and plasmid pBR322 in Escherichia coli.

PubMed Central

Pogue-Geile, K L; Dassarma, S; King, S R; Jaskunas, S R

1980-01-01

Recombinant lambda phages were isolated that resulted from recombination between the lambda genome and plasmid pBR322 in Escherichia coli, even though these deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs) did not share extensive regions of homology. The characterization of these recombinant DNAs by heteroduplex analysis and restriction endonucleases is described. All but one of the recombinants appeared to have resulted from reciprocal recombination between a site on lambda DNA and a site on the plasmid. In general, there were two classes of recombinants. One class appeared to have resulted from recombination at the phage attachment site that probably resulted from lambda integration into secondary attachment sites on the plasmid. Seven different secondary attachment sites on pBR322 were found. The other class resulted from plasmid integration at other sites that were widely scattered on the lambda genome. For this second class of recombinants, more than one site on the plasmid could recombine with lambda DNA. Thus, the recombination did not appear to be site specific with respect to lambda or the plasmid. Possible mechanisms for generating these recombinants are discussed. Images PMID:6247334

The risk of renal disease is increased in lambda myeloma with bone marrow amyloid deposits.

PubMed

Kozlowski, Piotr; Montgomery, Scott; Befekadu, Rahel; Hahn-Strömberg, Victoria

2017-01-01

Light chain amyloidosis (AL) is a rare deposition disease and is present in 10-15% of patients with myeloma (MM). In contrast to symptomatic AL in MM, presence of bone marrow (BM) amyloid deposits (AD) in MM is not connected to kidney damage. Renal AD but not BM-AD occur mostly in MM with lambda paraprotein (lambda MM). We investigated amyloid presence in BM clots taken at diagnosis in 84 patients with symptomatic MM and compared disease characteristics in MM with kappa paraprotein (kappa MM)/lambda MM with and without BM-AD. Lambda MM with BM-AD was compared with kappa MM without BM-AD, kappa MM with BM-AD, and lambda MM without BM-AD: lambda MM with BM-AD patients had a significantly higher mean creatinine level (4.23 mg/dL vs 1.69, 1.14, and 1.28 mg/dL, respectively) and a higher proportion presented with severe kidney failure (6/11 [55%] vs 6/32 [19%], 1/22 [5%], and 3/19 [16%], respectively). Proteinuria was more common in lambda MM with BM-AD patients compared with kappa MM without BM-AD patients (8/11 [73%] vs 5/32 [16%], respectively). Kidney damage was more common in lambda MM with BM-AD indicating presence of renal AD.

Elevated carboxylesterase activity contributes to the lambda-cyhalothrin insensitivity in quercetin fed Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner).

PubMed

Chen, Chengyu; Liu, Ying; Shi, Xueyan; Desneux, Nicolas; Han, Peng; Gao, Xiwu

2017-01-01

Quercetin as one of the key plant secondary metabolite flavonol is ubiquitous in terrestrial plants. In this study, the decrease in sensitivity to lambda-cyhalothrin was observed in quercetin-fed Helicoverpa armigera larvae. In order to figure out the mechanisms underlying the decreased sensitivity of H. armigera larvae to lambda-cyhalothrin by quercetin induction, the changes in carboxylesterase activity and in-vitro hydrolytic metabolic capacity to lambda-cyhalothrin were examined. The LC50 value of quercetin-fed H. armigera larvae to lambda-cyhalothrin showed 2.41-fold higher than that of the control. S, S, S-Tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) treatment showed a synergism effect on lambda-cyhalothrin toxicity to quercetin-fed H. armigera. Moreover, the activity of carboxylesterase was significantly higher in quercetin-fed H. armigera larvae after fed on quercetin for 48 h. The in-vitro hydrolytic metabolic capacity to lambda-cyhalothrin in quercetin-fed H. armigera larvae midgut was 289.82 nmol 3-PBA/mg protein/min, which is significant higher than that in the control group (149.60 nmol 3-PBA/mg protein/min). The elevated CarE enzyme activity and corresponding increased hydrolytic metabolic capacity to lambda-cyhalothrin in quercetin-fed H. armigera contributed to the enhanced tolerance to lambda-cyhalothrin.

Elevated carboxylesterase activity contributes to the lambda-cyhalothrin insensitivity in quercetin fed Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)

PubMed Central

Chen, Chengyu; Liu, Ying; Desneux, Nicolas; Han, Peng; Gao, Xiwu

2017-01-01

Quercetin as one of the key plant secondary metabolite flavonol is ubiquitous in terrestrial plants. In this study, the decrease in sensitivity to lambda-cyhalothrin was observed in quercetin-fed Helicoverpa armigera larvae. In order to figure out the mechanisms underlying the decreased sensitivity of H. armigera larvae to lambda-cyhalothrin by quercetin induction, the changes in carboxylesterase activity and in-vitro hydrolytic metabolic capacity to lambda-cyhalothrin were examined. The LC50 value of quercetin-fed H. armigera larvae to lambda-cyhalothrin showed 2.41-fold higher than that of the control. S, S, S-Tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) treatment showed a synergism effect on lambda-cyhalothrin toxicity to quercetin-fed H. armigera. Moreover, the activity of carboxylesterase was significantly higher in quercetin-fed H. armigera larvae after fed on quercetin for 48 h. The in-vitro hydrolytic metabolic capacity to lambda-cyhalothrin in quercetin-fed H. armigera larvae midgut was 289.82 nmol 3-PBA/mg protein/min, which is significant higher than that in the control group (149.60 nmol 3-PBA/mg protein/min). The elevated CarE enzyme activity and corresponding increased hydrolytic metabolic capacity to lambda-cyhalothrin in quercetin-fed H. armigera contributed to the enhanced tolerance to lambda-cyhalothrin. PMID:28817718

Quadrupole deformation ({beta},{gamma}) of light {Lambda} hypernuclei in a constrained relativistic mean field model: Shape evolution and shape polarization effect of the {Lambda} hyperon

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lu Bingnan; Zhao Enguang; Center of Theoretical Nuclear Physics, National Laboratory of Heavy Ion Accelerator, Lanzhou 730000

2011-07-15

The shapes of light normal nuclei and {Lambda} hypernuclei are investigated in the ({beta},{gamma}) deformation plane by using a newly developed constrained relativistic mean field (RMF) model. As examples, the results of some C, Mg, and Si nuclei are presented and discussed in details. We found that for normal nuclei the present RMF calculations and previous Skyrme-Hartree-Fock models predict similar trends of the shape evolution with the neutron number increasing. But some quantitative aspects from these two approaches, such as the depth of the minimum and the softness in the {gamma} direction, differ a lot for several nuclei. For {Lambda}more » hypernuclei, in most cases, the addition of a {Lambda} hyperon alters slightly the location of the ground state minimum toward the direction of smaller {beta} and softer {gamma} in the potential energy surface E{approx}({beta},{gamma}). There are three exceptions, namely, {sub {Lambda}}{sup 13}C, {sub {Lambda}}{sup 23}C, and {sub {Lambda}}{sup 31}Si in which the polarization effect of the additional {Lambda} is so strong that the shapes of these three hypernuclei are drastically different from their corresponding core nuclei.« less

A prototype knowledge-based simulation support system

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hill, T.R.; Roberts, S.D.

1987-04-01

As a preliminary step toward the goal of an intelligent automated system for simulation modeling support, we explore the feasibility of the overall concept by generating and testing a prototypical framework. A prototype knowledge-based computer system was developed to support a senior level course in industrial engineering so that the overall feasibility of an expert simulation support system could be studied in a controlled and observable setting. The system behavior mimics the diagnostic (intelligent) process performed by the course instructor and teaching assistants, finding logical errors in INSIGHT simulation models and recommending appropriate corrective measures. The system was programmed inmore » a non-procedural language (PROLOG) and designed to run interactively with students working on course homework and projects. The knowledge-based structure supports intelligent behavior, providing its users with access to an evolving accumulation of expert diagnostic knowledge. The non-procedural approach facilitates the maintenance of the system and helps merge the roles of expert and knowledge engineer by allowing new knowledge to be easily incorporated without regard to the existing flow of control. The background, features and design of the system are describe and preliminary results are reported. Initial success is judged to demonstrate the utility of the reported approach and support the ultimate goal of an intelligent modeling system which can support simulation modelers outside the classroom environment. Finally, future extensions are suggested.« less

Serum Free Light Chains in Neoplastic Monoclonal Gammopathies: Relative Under-Detection of Lambda Dominant Kappa/Lambda Ratio, and Underproduction of Free Lambda Light Chains, as Compared to Kappa Light Chains, in Patients With Neoplastic Monoclonal Gammopathies

PubMed Central

Lee, Won Sok; Singh, Gurmukh

2018-01-01

Background Quantitative evaluation of serum free light chains is recommended for the work up of monoclonal gammopathies. Immunoglobulin light chains are generally produced in excess of heavy chains. In patients with monoclonal gammopathy, κ/λ ratio is abnormal less frequently with lambda chain lesions. This study was undertaken to ascertain if the levels of overproduction of the two light chain types and their detection rates are different in patients with neoplastic monoclonal gammopathies. Methods Results of serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP), serum protein immunofixation electrophoresis (SIFE), urine protein electrophoresis (UPEP), urine protein immunofixation electrophoresis (UIFE), and serum free light chain assay (SFLCA) in patients with monoclonal gammopathies were examined retrospectively. Results The κ/λ ratios were appropriately abnormal more often in kappa chain lesions. Ratios of κ/λ were normal in about 25% of patients with lambda chain lesions in whom free homogenous lambda light chains were detectable in urine. An illustrative case suggests underproduction of free lambda light chains, in some instances. Conclusions The lower prevalence of lambda dominant κ/λ ratio in lesions with lambda light chains is estimated to be due to relative under-detection of lambda dominant κ/λ ratio in about 25% of the patients and because lambda chains are not produced in as much excess of heavy chains as are kappa chains, in about 5% of the patients. The results question the medical necessity and clinical usefulness of the serum free light chain assay. UPEP/UIFE is under-utilized. PMID:29904440

Antitumor activity of type I and type III interferons in BNL hepatoma model.

PubMed

Abushahba, Walid; Balan, Murugabaskar; Castaneda, Ismael; Yuan, Yao; Reuhl, Kenneth; Raveche, Elizabeth; de la Torre, Andrew; Lasfar, Ahmed; Kotenko, Sergei V

2010-07-01

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurs most commonly secondary to cirrhosis due to chronic hepatitis C or B virus (HCV/HBV) infections. Type I interferon (IFN-alpha) treatment of chronic HCV/HBV infections reduces the incidence of HCC in cirrhotic patients. However, IFN-alpha toxicity limits its tolerability and efficacy highlighting a need for better therapeutic treatments. A recently discovered type III IFN (IFN-lambda) has been shown to possess antiviral properties against HCV and HBV in vitro. In phase I clinical trials, IFN-lambda treatment did not cause significant adverse reactions. Using a gene therapy approach, we compared the antitumor properties of IFN-alpha and IFN-lambda in a transplantable hepatoma model of HCC. BALB/c mice were inoculated with syngeneic BNL hepatoma cells, or BNL cells expressing IFN-lambda (BNL.IFN-lambda cells) or IFN-alpha (BNL.IFN-alpha cells). Despite the lack of antiproliferative activity of IFNs on BNL cells, both BNL.IFN-lambda and BNL.IFN-alpha cells displayed retarded growth kinetics in vivo. Depletion of NK cells from splenocytes inhibited splenocyte-mediated cytotoxicity, demonstrating that NK cells play a role in IFN-induced antitumor responses. However, isolated NK cells did not respond directly to IFN-lambda. There was also a marked NK cell infiltration in IFN-lambda producing tumors. In addition, IFN-lambda and, to a lesser extent, IFN-alpha enhanced immunocytotoxicity of splenocytes primed with irradiated BNL cells. Splenocyte cytotoxicity against BNL cells was dependent on IL-12 and IFN-gamma, and mediated by dendritic cells. In contrast to NK cells, isolated from spleen CD11c+ and mPDCA+ dendritic cells responded directly to IFN-lambda. The antitumor activities of IFN-lambda against hepatoma, in combination with HCV and HBV antiviral activities warrant further investigation into the clinical use of IFN-lambda to prevent HCC in HCV/HBV-infected cirrhotic patients, as well as to treat liver cancer.

A randomized, controlled study of peginterferon lambda-1a/ribavirin ± daclatasvir for hepatitis C virus genotype 2 or 3.

PubMed

Foster, Graham R; Chayama, Kazuaki; Chuang, Wan-Long; Fainboim, Hugo; Farkkila, Martti; Gadano, Adrian; Gaeta, Giovanni B; Hézode, Christophe; Inada, Yukiko; Heo, Jeong; Kumada, Hiromitsu; Lu, Sheng-Nan; Marcellin, Patrick; Moreno, Christophe; Roberts, Stuart K; Strasser, Simone I; Thompson, Alexander J; Toyota, Joji; Paik, Seung Woon; Vierling, John M; Zignego, Anna L; Cohen, David; McPhee, Fiona; Wind-Rotolo, Megan; Srinivasan, Subasree; Hruska, Matthew; Myler, Heather; Portsmouth, Simon D

2016-01-01

Peginterferon Lambda was being developed as an alternative to alfa interferon for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We compared peginterferon Lambda-1a plus ribavirin (Lambda/RBV) and Lambda/RBV plus daclatasvir (DCV; pangenotypic NS5A inhibitor) with peginterferon alfa-2a plus RBV (alfa/RBV) in treatment-naive patients with HCV genotype 2 or 3 infection. In this multicenter, double-blind, phase 3 randomized controlled trial, patients were assigned 2:2:1 to receive 24 weeks of Lambda/RBV, 12 weeks of Lambda/RBV + DCV, or 24 weeks of alfa/RBV. The primary outcome measure was sustained virologic response at post-treatment Week 12 (SVR12). Overall, 874 patients were treated: Lambda/RBV, n = 353; Lambda/RBV + DCV, n = 349; alfa/RBV, n = 172. Patients were 65 % white and 33 % Asian, 57 % male, with a mean age of 47 years; 52 % were infected with genotype 2 (6 % cirrhotic) and 48 % with genotype 3 (9 % cirrhotic). In the Lambda/RBV + DCV group, 83 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 78.5, 86.5) achieved SVR12 (90 % genotype 2, 75 % genotype 3) whereas SVR12 was achieved by 68 % (95 % CI 63.1, 72.9) with Lambda/RBV (72 % genotype 2, 64 % genotype 3) and 73 % (95 % CI 66.6, 79.9) with peginterferon alfa/RBV (74 % genotype 2, 73 % genotype 3). Lambda/RBV + DCV was associated with lower incidences of flu-like symptoms, hematological abnormalities, and discontinuations due to adverse events compared with alfa/RBV. The 12-week regimen of Lambda/RBV + DCV was superior to peginterferon alfa/RBV in the combined population of treatment-naive patients with genotype 2 or 3 infection, with an improved tolerability and safety profile compared with alfa/RBV.

Dynamic processes in Be star atmospheres. 2: He I 2P-nD line formation in lambda Eridani (outburst)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, Myron A.; Hubeny, Ivan; Lanz, Thierry; Meylan, Thomas

1994-01-01

The He I lambda 6678 line of early Be stars generally shows violet (V) and red (R) emission whenever hydrogen alpha emission is present, but its use as a diagnostic has been handicapped by a poor understanding of the processes that drive it into emission. In an attempt to address this problem we obtained three series of eschelle spectra of the first two members of the singlet and triplet 2P-nD series of lambda Eri (B2e) during 1992 November 3-5 at Kitt Peak. During these observations lambda 6678 showed substantial emission variability in both the wings and central profile, providing an opportunity to compare its behavior with that of the lambda 4922, lambda 5876, and lambda 4471 lines. We found that the responses of the lines were different in several respects. Whereas the emissions in the V wings of all four lines scaled together, the R wing of the lambda 4922 line invariably responded with increased absorption whenever the R wing of lambda 6678 line showed increased emission. These same trends occurred within the central photospheric profiles. The R-wing behavior shows that much, but not all of the emission in lambda 6678 is caused by matter projected against the stellar disk. The excitation temperatures of the neighboring 2(sup 1) P transitions, lambda 6678 and lambda 4922 must be greater than and less than the photospheric continuum temperature, respectively. We have investigated departures from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) for the He I spectrum in a variety of ad hoc, perturbed model atmospheres. We have found only one way to cause the source function of lambda 6678 to increase so strongly, namely, by increasing the atmospheric temperature in the line formation region to 30,000 - 40,000 K. This effect was discovered by Auer and Mihalas for O3-O4 atmospheric models, but it has not been applied to active B stars. Our models suggest that lambda 6678 emission in Be stars can be used as a sensitive monitor of localized hot spots on these stars' surfaces. The energies involved in heating the active portions of the atmosphere are too high to be produced by gravitational infall. This leaves magnetically induced flares among the few known processes on the surfaces of stars capable of sustaining this energy level.

[Excitation transfer between high-lying states in K2 in collisions with ground state K and H2 molecules].

PubMed

Shen, Xiao-Yan; Liu, Jing; Dai, Kang; Shen, Yi-Fan

2010-02-01

Pure potassium vapor or K-H2 mixture was irradiated in a glass fluorescence cell with pulses of 710 nm radiation from an OPO laser, populating K2 (1lambda(g)) state by two-photon absorption. Cross sections for 1lambda(g)-3lambda(g) transfer in K2 were determined using methods of molecular fluorescence. During the experiments with pure K vapor, the cell temperature was varied between 553 and 603 K. The K number density was determined spectroscopically by the white-light absorption measurement in the blue wing of the self-broadened resonance D2 line. The resulting fluorescence included a direct component emitted in the decay of the optically excitation and a sensitized component arising from the collisionally populated state. The decay signal of time-resolved fluorescence from1lambda(g) -->1 1sigma(u)+ transition was monitored. It was seen that just after the laser pulse the fluorescence of the photoexcited level decreased exponentially. The effective lifetimes of the 1lambda(g) state can be resolved. The plot of reciprocal of effective lifetimes of the 1lambda(g) state against K densities yielded the slope that indicated the total cross section for deactivation and the intercept that provided the radiative lifetime of the state. The radiative lifetime (20 +/- 2) ns was obtained. The cross section for deactivation of the K2(1lambda(g)) molecules by collisions with K is (2.5 +/- 0.3) x 10(-14) cm2. The time-resolved intensities of the K23lambda(g) --> 1 3sigma(u)+ (484 nm) line were measured. The radiative lifetime (16.0 +/- 3.2) ns and the total cross section (2.5 +/- 0.6) x 10(-14) cm2 for deactivation of the K2 (3lambda(g)) state can also be determined through the analogous procedure. The time-integrated intensities of 1lambda(g) --> 1 1sigma(u)+ and 3lambda(g) --> 1 3sigma(u)+ transitions were measured. The cross section (1.1 +/- 0.3) x10(-14) cm2 was obtained for K2 (1lambda(g))+ K --> K2 (3lambda(g)) + K collisions. During the experiments with K-H2 mixture, the cell temperature was kept constant at 553 K. The H2 pressure was varied between 40 and 400 Pa. The effects of K2-K collisions could not be neglected. These effects were subtracted out using the results of the pure K experiments. The cross section (2.7 +/- 1.1) x 10(-15) cm2 was obtained for K2 (1lambda(g)) + H2 --> K2 (3lambda(g))+H2 collisions. The cross section is (6.8 +/- 2.7) x 10(-15) cm2 for K2 (3lambda(g)) + H2 --> states out of K2 (3lambda(g)) + H2 collisions.

Magnetic penetration depth of YBa2Cu3O(7-delta) thin films determined by the power transmission method

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Heinen, Vernon O.; Miranda, Felix A.; Bhasin, Kul B.

1992-01-01

A power transmission measurement technique was used to determine the magnetic penetration depth (lambda) of YBa2Cu3O(7-delta) superconducting thin films on LaAlO3 within the 26.5 to 40.0 GHz frequency range, and at temperatures from 20 to 300 K. Values of lambda ranging from 1100 to 2500 A were obtained at low temperatures. The anisotropy of lambda was determined from measurements of c-axis and a-axis oriented films. An estimate of the intrinsic value of lambda of 90 +/- 30 nm was obtained from the dependence of lambda on film thickness. The advantage of this technique is that it allows lambda to be determined nondestructively.

Measurement of the Branching Ratio Lambda_c+ -> p pi+ pi- (in Spanish)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lopez-Hinojosa, Guillermo; /San Luis Potosi U.

2008-03-01

The confirmation of the Cabibbo-suppressed charm baryon decay mode {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +} {yields} p{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} is reported. All data analyzed are from SELEX, a fixed target experiment at Fermilab that took data during 1996 and 1997, mainly with a 600 GeV/c {Sigma}{sup -} beam. The branching ratio of the Cabibbo-suppressed decay mode {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +} {yields} p{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} relative to the Cabibbo-favored mode {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +} {yields} pK{sup -}{pi}{sup +} is measured to be: {Gamma}({Lambda}{sub c}{sup +} {yields} p{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -})/{Gamma}({Lambda}{sub c}{sup +} {yields} pK{sup -}{pi}{sup +}) = 0.103 {+-} 0.022.

Autofluorescence spectroscopy of oral mucosa

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Majumdar, S. K.; Uppal, A.; Gupta, P. K.

1998-06-01

We report the results of an in-vitro study on autofluorescence from pathologically characterized normal and malignant squamous tissues from the oral cavity. The study involved biopsy samples from 47 patients with oral cancer of which 11 patients had cancer of tongue, 17 of buccal mucosa and 19 of alveolus. The results of excitation and emission spectroscopy at several wavelengths (280 nm less than or equal to (lambda) exless than or equal to 460 nm; 340 nm less than or equal to (lambda) em less than or equal to 520 nm) showed that at (lambda) ex equals 337 nm and 400 nm the mean value for the spectrally integrated fluorescence intensity [(Sigma) (lambda ) IF((lambda) )] from the normal tissue sites was about a factor of 2 larger than that from the malignant tissue sites. At other excitation wavelengths the difference in (Sigma) (lambda ) IF((lambda) ) was not statistically significant. Similarly, for (lambda) em equals 390 nm and 460 nm, the intensity of the 340 nm band of the excitation spectra from normal tissues was observed to be a factor of 2 larger than that from malignant tissues. Analysis of these results suggests that NADH concentration is higher in normal oral tissues compared to the malignant. This contrasts with our earlier observation of an reduced NADH concentration in normal sites of breast tissues vis a vis malignant sites. For the 337 nm excited emission spectra a 10-variable MVLR score (using (Sigma) (lambda ) IF((lambda) ) and normalized intensities at nine wavelengths as input parameters) provided a sensitivity and specificity of 95.7% and 93.1% over the sample size investigated.

Biological trait analysis and stability of lambda-cyhalothrin resistance in the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae).

PubMed

Abbas, Naeem; Shah, Rizwan Mustafa; Shad, Sarfraz Ali; Iqbal, Naeem; Razaq, Muhammad

2016-05-01

House flies, Musca domestica L., (Diptera: Muscidae), are pests of poultry and have the ability to develop resistance to insecticides. To design a strategy for resistance management, life history traits based on laboratory observations were established for lambda-cyhalothrin-resistant, susceptible and reciprocal crosses of M. domestica strains. Bioassay results showed that the lambda-cyhalothrin-selected strain developed a resistance ratio of 98.34 compared to its susceptible strain. The lambda-cyhalothrin-selected strain had a relative fitness of 0.26 and lower fecundity, hatchability, lower number of next generation larvae, and net reproductive rate compared with its susceptible strain. Mean population growth rates, such as intrinsic rate of population increase, and biotic potential were lower for the lambda-cyhalothrin-selected strain compared to its susceptible strain. Resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin, indoxacarb, and abamectin was unstable while resistance to bifenthrin and methomyl was stable in the lambda-cyhalothrin-selected strain of M. domestica. Development of resistance can cost considerable fitness for the lambda-cyhalothrin-selected strain. The present study provided useful information for making potential management strategies to delay resistance development in M. domestica.

Depolymerized products of lambda-carrageenan as a potent angiogenesis inhibitor.

PubMed

Chen, Haimin; Yan, Xiaojun; Lin, Jing; Wang, Feng; Xu, Weifeng

2007-08-22

Since angiogenesis is involved in initiating and promoting several diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular events, this study was designed to evaluate the anti-angiogenesis of low-molecular-weight (LMW), highly sulfated lambda-carrageenan oligosaccharides (lambda-CO) obtained by carrageenan depolymerization, by CAM (chick chorioallantoic membrane) model and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Significant inhibition of vessel growth was observed at 200 microg/pellet. A histochemistry assay also revealed a decrease of capillary plexus and connective tissue in lambda-CO treated samples. lambda-CO inhibited the viability of cells at the high concentration of 1 mg/mL, whereas it affected the cell survival slightly (>95%) at a low concentration (<250 microg/mL), and HUVEC is the most sensitive to lambda-CO among three kinds of cells. Furthermore, the inhibitory action of lambda-CO was also observed in the endothelial cell invasion and migration at relatively low concentration (150-300 microg/mL), through down-regulation of intracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2) expression on endothelial cells. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that lambda-CO is a potential angiogenesis inhibitor with combined effects of inhibiting invasion, migration, and proliferation.

Oxidative and apoptotic effects of lambda-cyhalothrin modulated by piperonyl butoxide in the liver of Oreochromis niloticus.

PubMed

Piner, Petek; Uner, Nevin

2012-05-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the toxic effects of pyrethroid pesticide lambda-cyhalothrin in the presence of piperonyl butoxide as a modulator in the liver of juvenile Oreochromis niloticus. LC(50) (96h) value of lambda-cyhalothrin was determined as 2.901μg/L for O. niloticus. The fish were exposed to 0.48μg/L (1/6 of the 96-h LC(50)) lambda-cyhalothrin and 10μg/L piperonyl butoxide for 96-h and 15-d. tGSH, GSH, GSSG, Hsp70 and TBARS contents, GPx, GR, GST and caspase-3 enzymes activities were determined. Lambda-cyhalothrin caused increases in tGSH, GSH, TBARS contents, and GST activity. Piperonyl butoxide treatment with lambda-cyhalothrin caused significant increases in tGSH GSH, Hsp70, TBARS contents, and GPx and GST activities while caspase-3 activity was decreased. The results of the present study revealed that lambda-cyhalothrin caused oxidative stress which upregulated GSH and GSH-related enzymes. Piperonyl butoxide increased the oxidative stress potential and apoptotic effects of lambda-cyhalothrin. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Determination of $${{\\rm{\\Lambda }}}_{\\overline{{\\rm{MS}}}}$$ at five loops from holographic QCD

DOE PAGES

Deur, Alexandre; Brodsky, Stanley J.; de Téramond, Guy F.

2017-08-25

Here, the recent determination of themore » $$\\beta$$--function of the QCD running coupling $$\\alpha_{\\overline{MS}}(Q^2)$$ to five-loops, provides a verification of the convergence of a novel method for determining the fundamental QCD parameter $$\\Lambda_s$$ based on the Light-Front Holographic approach to nonperturbative QCD. The new 5-loop analysis, together with improvements in determining the holographic QCD nonperturbative scale parameter $$\\kappa$$ from hadronic spectroscopy, leads to an improved precision of the value of $$\\Lambda_s$$ in the $${\\overline{MS}}$$ scheme close to a factor of two; we find $$\\Lambda^{(3)}_{\\overline{MS}}=0.339\\pm0.019$$ GeV for $$n_{f}=3$$, in excellent agreement with the world average, $$\\Lambda_{\\overline{MS}}^{(3)}=0.332\\pm0.017$$ GeV. Lastly, we also discuss the constraints imposed on the scale dependence of the strong coupling in the nonperturbative domain by superconformal quantum mechanics and its holographic embedding in anti-de Sitter space.« less

IUE and Einstein observations of the LINER galaxy NGC 4579

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reichert, G. A.; Puchnarewicz, E. M.; Mason, K. O.

1990-01-01

Results of International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) and Einstein observations of the LINER galaxy NGC 4579 are reported. Spatial profiles of the long wavelength IUE emission show a two component structure, with an unresolved core superimposed on broader underlying emission. The core spectrum shows strong C II lambda 2326 and broad Mg II lambda 2800 emission, and perhaps emission due to blends of Fe II multiplets (2300 to 23600 angstrom). The short wavelength emission is spatially unresolved, and shows C II lambda 1335, C III lambda 1909 broad C IV lambda 1550 emission, and a broad feature at approximately 1360 angstrom which may be due to 0.1 lambda 1356. Contrary to previous reports no evidence for He II lambda 1640 is found in the spectrum. An unresolved x ray source is detected at the location of the nucleus; its spectrum is well fitted by a power law of energy slope alpha approximately -0.5. These results further support the idea that NGC 4579 may contain a dwarf Seyfert nucleus.

Segregated tandem filter for enhanced conversion efficiency in a thermophotovoltaic energy conversion system

DOEpatents

Brown, Edward J.; Baldasaro, Paul F.; Dziendziel, Randolph J.

1997-01-01

A filter system to transmit short wavelength radiation and reflect long wavelength radiation for a thermophotovoltaic energy conversion cell comprises an optically transparent substrate segregation layer with at least one coherent wavelength in optical thickness; a dielectric interference filter deposited on one side of the substrate segregation layer, the interference filter being disposed toward the source of radiation, the interference filter including a plurality of alternating layers of high and low optical index materials adapted to change from transmitting to reflecting at a nominal wavelength .lambda..sub.IF approximately equal to the bandgap wavelength .lambda..sub.g of the thermophotovoltaic cell, the interference filter being adapted to transmit incident radiation from about 0.5.lambda..sub.IF to .lambda..sub.IF and reflect from .lambda..sub.IF to about 2.lambda..sub.IF ; and a high mobility plasma filter deposited on the opposite side of the substrate segregation layer, the plasma filter being adapted to start to become reflecting at a wavelength of about 1.5.lambda..sub.IF.

[In vitro anti-angiogenic action of lambda-carrageenan oligosaccharides].

PubMed

Chen, Hai-Min; Yan, Xiao-Jun; Wang, Feng; Lin, Jing; Xu, Wei-Feng

2007-06-01

This study was designed to evaluate the inhibition effect of lambda-carrageenan oligosaccharides on neovascularization in vitro by chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model and human umbilical vein endothelial cell ( HUVEC). lambda-Carrageenan oligosaccharides caused a dose-dependent decrease of the vascular density of CAM, and adversely affected capillary plexus formation. At a high concentration of 1 mg x mL(-1), this compound inhibited the endothelial cell proliferation, while low concentration of lambda-carrageenan oligosaccharides (< 250 microg x mL(-1)) affected the cell survival slightly (> 95%). Different cytotoxic sensitivity of lambda-carrageenan oligosaccharides in three kinds of cells was observed, of which HUVEC is the most sensitive to this oligosaccharides. The inhibitory action of lambda-carrageenan oligosaccharides on the endothelial cell invasion and migration was also observed at relatively low concentration (150 - 300 microg x mL(-1)) through down-regulation of intracellular matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) expression on endothelial cells. Current observations demonstrated that lambda-carrageenan oligosaccharides are potential angiogenesis inhibitor with combined effects of inhibiting invasion, migration and proliferation.

Effect of atmospheric extinction on laser rangefinder performance at 1.54 and 0.6 microns

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hutt, D. L.; Theriault, J.-M.; Larochelle, V.; Bonnier, D.

1992-01-01

Extinction of laser rangefinder (LRF) pulses by the atmosphere depends on the wavelength, weather conditions, and aerosol concentration along the optical path. In the IR, extinction is due to absorption by molecular constituents and scattering and absorption by aerosols. The total atmospheric extinction alpha(lambda) is the sum of the molecular and aerosol contributions, alpha(sub m)(lambda)and Alpha(sub a)(lambda). We present simple expressions for alpha(sub m)(lambda) and alpha(sub a)(lambda) for two LRF sources: Er:glass and CO2 which operate at 1.54 and 10.6 microns, respectively. The expressions are based on accepted models of atmospheric aerosols and molecular extinction and give an estimate of alpha(lambda) as a function of standard meteorological parameters, assuming horizontal beam propagation. Signal-to-noise ratios of LRF returns, measured from a reference target under different weather conditions are compared to predictions based on the estimate of alpha(lambda).

On Spectral Invariance of Single Scattering Albedo for Water Droplets and Ice Crystals at Weakly Absorbing Wavelengths

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Marshak, Alexander; Knyazikhin, Yuri; Chiu, J. Christine; Wiscombe, Warren J.

2012-01-01

The single scattering albedo omega(sub O lambda) in atmospheric radiative transfer is the ratio of the scattering coefficient to the extinction coefficient. For cloud water droplets both the scattering and absorption coefficients, thus the single scattering albedo, are functions of wavelength lambda and droplet size r. This note shows that for water droplets at weakly absorbing wavelengths, the ratio omega(sub O lambda)(r)/omega(sub O lambda)(r (sub O)) of two single scattering albedo spectra is a linear function of omega(sub O lambda)(r). The slope and intercept of the linear function are wavelength independent and sum to unity. This relationship allows for a representation of any single scattering albedo spectrum omega(sub O lambda)(r) via one known spectrum omega(sub O lambda)(r (sub O)). We provide a simple physical explanation of the discovered relationship. Similar linear relationships were found for the single scattering albedo spectra of non-spherical ice crystals.

Duality symmetry and power-law fading of frustration in a quantum multiconnected superconductor

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sun, S.N.; Ralston, J.P.

1991-03-01

We generalize the Alexander--de Gennes equations to a new system of superconducting-wire networks, allowing for variation of the cross-sectional area of wires. The generalized equations are solved for a square lattice of different cross-sectional-area ratios {lambda} in the {ital x} and {ital y} directions. A symmetry of {lambda}{r arrow}1/{lambda} is related to the Aubry-Andre duality and an obvious geometric property. We find that even a slight geometric asymmetry can soften the fine structure of the magnetic phase boundary considerably. We obtain a power-law dependence on the parameter {lambda} as {lambda}{r arrow}{infinity} and {lambda}{r arrow}0. For a finite-area ratio {lambda}, wemore » speculate that a simple analytic fit incorporating the dual symmetry is close to the exact nonperturbative behavior. The system is also related analytically to a recent study of Hu and Chen, which revealed a power-law behavior for a rectangular lattice.« less

Further improvements of a new model for turbulent convection in stars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Canuto, V. M.; Mazzitelli, I.

1992-01-01

The effects of including a variable molecular weight and of using the newest opacities of Rogers and Iglesias (1991) as inputs to a recent model by Canuto and Mazzitelli (1991) for stellar turbulent convection are studied. Solar evolutionary tracks are used to conclude that the the original model for turbulence with mixing length Lambda = z, Giuli's variable Q unequal to 1 and the new opacities yields a fit to solar T(eff) within 0.5 percent. A formulation of Lambda is proposed that extends the purely nonlocal Lambda = z expression to include local effects. A new expression for Lambda is obtained which generalizes both the mixing length theory (MLT) phenomenological expression for Lambda as well as the model Lambda = z. It is argued that the MLT should now be abandoned.

Rayleigh, the unit for light radiance.

PubMed

Baker, D J

1974-09-01

A 0.7% accurate formula is derived for the easy conversion of power spectral radiance L(lambda) in W cm(-2) sr(-1) microm(-1)to rayleigh spectral radiance R(lambda) in rayleigh/microm, R(lambda) = 2pilambdaL(lambda) x 10(13), where the wavelength lambda is in microm. The rationale for the rayleigh unit is discussed in terms of a photon rate factor and a solid angle factor. The latter is developed in terms of an equivalence theorem about optical receivers and extended sources, and the concept is extended to the computation of photon volume emission rates from altitude profiles of zenith radiance.

Total enantioselectivity in the DNA binding of the dinuclear ruthenium(II) complex [[Ru(Me2bpy)2]2(mu-bpm)]4+ [bpm = 2,2'-bipyrimidine; Me2bpy = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine].

PubMed

Smith, Jayden A; Collins, J Grant; Patterson, Bradley T; Keene, F Richard

2004-05-07

The binding of the three stereoisomers (DeltaDelta-, LambdaLambda- and DeltaLambda-) of the dinuclear ruthenium(II) complex [[Ru(Me2bpy)2]2(mu-bpm)]4+ [Me2bpy = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine; bpm = 2,2'-bipyrimidine] to a tridecanucleotide containing a single adenine bulge has been studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The addition of the DeltaDelta-isomer to d(CCGAGAATTCCGG)2 induced significant chemical shift changes for the base and sugar resonances of the residues at the bulge site (G3A4G5/C11C10), whereas small shifts were observed upon addition of the enantiomeric LambdaLambda-form. NOESY spectra of the tridecanucleotide bound with the DeltaDelta-isomer revealed intermolecular NOE's between the metal complex and the nucleotide residues at the bulge site, while only weak NOE's were observed to terminal residues to the LambdaLambda-form. Competitive binding studies were performed where both enantiomers were simultaneously added to the tridecanucleotide, and for all ratios of the two stereoisomers the DeltaDelta-isomer remained selectively bound at the bulge site with the LambdaLambda-enantiomer localised at the terminal regions of the tridecanucleotide. The meso-diastereoisomer (DeltaLambda) was found to bind to the tridecanucleotide with characteristics intermediate between the DeltaDelta- and LambdaLambda-enantiomers of the rac form. Two distinct sets of metal complex resonances were observed, with one set having essentially the same shift as the free metal complex, whilst the other set of resonances exhibited significant shifts. The NOE data indicated that the meso-diastereoisomer does not bind as selectively as the DeltaDelta-isomer, with NOE's observed to a greater number of nucleotide residues compared to the DeltaDelta-form. This study provides a rare example of total enantioselectivity in the binding of an inert transition metal complex to DNA, produced by the shape recognition of both ruthenium(II) centres.

Somatic diversification of chicken immunoglobulin light chains by point mutations.

PubMed

Parvari, R; Ziv, E; Lantner, F; Heller, D; Schechter, I

1990-04-01

The light-chain locus of chicken has 1 functional V lambda 1 gene, 1 J gene, and 25 pseudo-V lambda-genes (where V = variable and J = joining). A major problem is which somatic mechanisms expand this extremely limited germ-line information to generate many different antibodies. Weill's group [Reynaud, C. A., Anquez, V., Grimal, H. & Weill, J. C. (1987) Cell 48, 379-388] has shown that the pseudo-V lambda-genes diversify the rearranged V lambda 1 by gene conversion. Here we demonstrate that chicken light chains are further diversified by somatic point mutations and by V lambda 1-J flexible joining. Somatic point mutations were identified in the J and 3' noncoding DNA of rearranged light-chain genes of chicken. These regions were analyzed because point mutations in V lambda 1 are obscured by gene conversion; the J and 3' noncoding DNA are presented in one copy per haploid genome and are not subject to gene conversion. In rodents point mutations occur as frequently in the V-J coding regions as in the adjacent flanking DNA. Therefore, we conclude that somatic point mutations diversify the V lambda 1 of chicken. The frequency (0-1%) and distribution of the mutations (decreasing in number with increased distance from the V lambda 1 segment) in chicken were as observed in rodents. Sequence variability at the V lambda 1-J junctions could be attributed to imprecise joining of the V lambda 1 and J genes. The modification by gene conversion of rearranged V lambda 1 genes in the bursa was similar in chicken aged 3 months (9.5%) or 3 weeks (9.1%)--i.e., gene conversion that generates the preimmune repertoire in the bursa seems to level off around 3 weeks of age. This preimmune repertoire can be further diversified by somatic point mutations that presumably lead to the formation of antibodies with increased affinity. A segment with structural features of a matrix association region [(A + T)-rich and four topoisomerase II binding sites] was identified in the middle of the J-C lambda intron (where C = constant).

Tertiary structure of human {Lambda}6 light chains.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pokkuluri, P. R.; Solomon, A.; Weiss, D. T.

1999-01-01

AL amyloidosis is a disease process characterized by the pathologic deposition of monoclonal light chains in tissue. To date, only limited information has been obtained on the molecular features that render such light chains amyloidogenic. Although protein products of the major human V kappa and V lambda gene families have been identified in AL deposits, one particular subgroup--lambda 6--has been found to be preferentially associated with this disease. Notably, the variable region of lambda 6 proteins (V lambda 6) has distinctive primary structural features including the presence in the third framework region (FR3) of two additional amino acid residues thatmore » distinguish members of this subgroup from other types of light chains. However, the structural consequences of these alterations have not been elucidated. To determine if lambda 6 proteins possess unique tertiary structural features, as compared to light chains of other V lambda subgroups, we have obtained x-ray diffraction data on crystals prepared from two recombinant V lambda 6 molecules. These components, isolated from a bacterial expression system, were generated from lambda 6-related cDNAs cloned from bone marrow-derived plasma cells from a patient (Wil) who had documented AL amyloidosis and another (Jto) with multiple myeloma and tubular cast nephropathy, but no evident fibrillar deposits. The x-ray crystallographic analyses revealed that the two-residue insertion located between positions 68 and 69 (not between 66 and 67 as previously surmised) extended an existing loop region that effectively increased the surface area adjacent to the first complementarity determining region (CDR1). Further, an unusual interaction between the Arg 25 and Phe 2 residues commonly found in lambda 6 molecules was noted. However, the structures of V lambda 6 Wil and Jto also differed from each other, as evidenced by the presence in the latter of certain ionic and hydrophobic interactions that we posit increased protein stability and thus prevented amyloid formation.« less

FAR-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRAL IMAGES OF THE VELA SUPERNOVA REMNANT: SUPPLEMENTS AND COMPARISONS WITH OTHER WAVELENGTH IMAGES

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kim, Il-Joong; Seon, Kwang-Il; Han, Wonyong

We present the improved far-ultraviolet (FUV) emission-line images of the entire Vela supernova remnant (SNR) using newly processed Spectroscopy of Plasma Evolution from Astrophysical Radiation/Far-Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (SPEAR/FIMS) data. The incomplete C III {lambda}977 and O VI {lambda}{lambda}1032, 1038 images presented in the previous study are updated to cover the whole region. The C IV {lambda}{lambda}1548, 1551 image with a higher resolution and new images at Si IV {lambda}{lambda}1394, 1403, O IV] {lambda}1404, He II {lambda}1640.5, and O III] {lambda}{lambda}1661, 1666 are also shown. Comparison of emission-line ratios for two enhanced FUV regions reveals that the FUV emissions of themore » east-enhanced FUV region may be affected by nonradiative shocks of another very young SNR, the Vela Jr. SNR (RX J0852.0-4622, G266.6-1.2). This result is the first FUV detection that is likely associated with the Vela Jr. SNR, supporting previous arguments that the Vela Jr. SNR is close to us. The comparison of the improved FUV images with soft X-ray images shows that an FUV filamentary feature forms the boundary of the northeast-southwest asymmetrical sections of the X-ray shell. The southwest FUV features are characterized as the region where the Vela SNR is interacting with slightly denser ambient medium within the dim X-ray southwest section. From a comparison with the H{alpha} image, we identify a ring-like H{alpha} feature overlapped with an extended hot X-ray feature of similar size and two local peaks of C IV emission. Their morphologies are expected when the H{alpha} ring is in direct contact with the near or far side of the Vela SNR.« less

Limits on the Decay-Rate Difference of Neutral-B Mesons and on CP, T, and CPT Violation in B0-antiB0 Oscillations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aubert, B

2004-02-29

Using events in which one of two neutral-B mesons from the decay of an {Upsilon}(4S) resonance is fully reconstructed, we set limits on the difference between the decay rates of the two neutral-B mass eigenstates and on CP, T, and CPT violation in B{sup 0}{bar B}{sup 0} mixing. The reconstructed decays, comprising both CP and flavor eigenstates, are obtained from 88 million {Upsilon}(4S) {yields} B{bar B} decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory at SLAC. We determine six independent parameters governing oscillations ({Delta}m, {Delta}{Lambda}/{Lambda}), CPT and CP violation (Re z, Im z), and CP andmore » T violation (Im {lambda}{sub CP}, |q/p|), where {lambda}{sub cp} characterizes B{sup 0} and {bar B}{sup 0} decays to states of charmonium plus K{sub S}{sup 0} or K{sub L}{sup 0}. The results are sgn(Re {lambda}{sub CP}){Delta}{Lambda}/{Lambda} = .0.008 {+-} 0.037(stat.) {+-} 0.018(syst.) [-0.084, 0.068], |q/p| = 1.029 {+-} 0.013(stat.) {+-} 0.011(syst.) [1.001, 1.057], (Re {lambda}{sub CP}/|{lambda}{sub CP}|)Re z = 0.014 {+-} 0.035(stat.) {+-} 0.034(syst.) [-0.072, 0.101], Imz = 0.038 {+-} 0.029(stat.) {+-} 0.025(syst.) [-0.028, 0.104]. The values inside square brackets indicate the 90% confidence-level intervals. The values of Im {lambda}{sub CP} and {Delta}m are consistent with previous analyses and are used as cross-checks. These measurements are in agreement with Standard Model expectations.« less

Simple model for lambda-doublet propensities in bimolecular reactions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bronikowski, Michael J.; Zare, Richard N.

1990-01-01

A simple geometric model is presented to account for lambda-doublet propensities in bimolecular reactions A + BC - AB + C. It applies to reactions in which AB is formed in a pi state, and in which the unpaired molecular orbital responsible for lambda-doubling arises from breaking the B-C bond. The lambda-doublet population ratio is predicted to be 2:1 provided that: (1) the motion of A in the transition state determines the plane of rotation of AB; (2) the unpaired pi orbital lying initially along the B-C bond may be resolved into a projection onto the AB plane of rotation and a projection perpendicular to this plane; (3) there is no preferred geometry for dissociation of ABC. The 2:1 lambda-doublet ratio is the 'unconstrained dynamics prior' lambda-doublet distribution for such reactions.

Effective screening length of isotropic liquid samples submitted to an applied voltage.

PubMed

Zola, R S; Evangelista, L R; Barbero, G

2006-05-25

A cell of isotropic liquid in the shape of a slab of thickness d and containing ionic impurities is considered. It is shown that the screening effect produced by the ionic charges on the external field is characterized by an effective surface length, lambda(S)(U), depending on the applied voltage U. The analysis indicates that lambda(S)(U)) < lambda(D) when the applied voltage is very large, and lambda(S)(U) --> lambda(D) for very small values of the applied voltage, where lambda(D) is the Debye screening length. The presence of the ions is responsible also for a counterpotential, v, that for small U is such to cancel the effective electric field in the sample, whereas in the opposite limit it is inversely proportional to the applied difference of potential.

The Legacy Archive for Microwave Background Data Analysis (LAMBDA)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miller, Nathan; LAMBDA

2018-01-01

The Legacy Archive for Microwave Background Data Analysis (LAMBDA) provides CMB researchers with archival data for cosmology missions, software tools, and links to other sites of interest. LAMBDA is one-stop shopping for CMB researchers. It hosts data from WMAP along with many suborbital experiments. Over the past year, LAMBDA has acquired new data from SPTpol, SPIDER and ACTPol. In addition to the primary CMB, LAMBDA also provides foreground data.LAMBDA has several ongoing efforts to provide tools for CMB researchers. These tools include a web interface for CAMB and a web interface for a CMB survey footprint database and plotting tool. Additionally, we have recently developed a Docker container with standard CMB analysis tools and demonstrations in the form of Jupyter notebooks. These containers will be publically available through Docker's container repository and the source will be available on github.

Interferon lambda 1-3 expression in infants hospitalized for RSV or HRV associated bronchiolitis.

PubMed

Selvaggi, Carla; Pierangeli, Alessandra; Fabiani, Marco; Spano, Lucia; Nicolai, Ambra; Papoff, Paola; Moretti, Corrado; Midulla, Fabio; Antonelli, Guido; Scagnolari, Carolina

2014-05-01

The airway expression of type III interferons (IFNs) was evaluated in infants hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or rhinovirus (HRV) bronchiolitis. As an additional objective we sought to determine whether a different expression of IFN lambda 1-3 was associated with different harboring viruses, the clinical course of bronchiolitis or with the levels of well established IFN stimulated genes (ISGs), such as mixovirus resistance A (MxA) and ISG56. The analysis was undertaken in 118 infants with RSV or HRV bronchiolitis. Nasopharyngeal washes were collected for virological studies and molecular analysis of type III IFN responses. RSV elicited higher levels of IFN lambda subtypes when compared with HRV. A similar expression of type III IFN was found in RSVA or RSVB infected infants and in those infected with HRVA or HRVC viruses. Results also indicate that IFN lambda 1 and IFN lambda 2-3 levels were correlated with each other and with MxA and ISG56-mRNAs. In addition, a positive correlation exists between the IFN lambda1 levels and the clinical score index during RSV infection. In particular, higher IFN lambda 1 levels are associated to an increase of respiratory rate. These findings show that differences in the IFN lambda 1-3 levels in infants with RSV or HRV infections are present and that the expression of IFN lambda 1 correlates with the severity of RSV bronchiolitis. Copyright © 2014 The British Infection Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The protein interaction map of bacteriophage lambda

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background Bacteriophage lambda is a model phage for most other dsDNA phages and has been studied for over 60 years. Although it is probably the best-characterized phage there are still about 20 poorly understood open reading frames in its 48-kb genome. For a complete understanding we need to know all interactions among its proteins. We have manually curated the lambda literature and compiled a total of 33 interactions that have been found among lambda proteins. We set out to find out how many protein-protein interactions remain to be found in this phage. Results In order to map lambda's interactions, we have cloned 68 out of 73 lambda open reading frames (the "ORFeome") into Gateway vectors and systematically tested all proteins for interactions using exhaustive array-based yeast two-hybrid screens. These screens identified 97 interactions. We found 16 out of 30 previously published interactions (53%). We have also found at least 18 new plausible interactions among functionally related proteins. All previously found and new interactions are combined into structural and network models of phage lambda. Conclusions Phage lambda serves as a benchmark for future studies of protein interactions among phage, viruses in general, or large protein assemblies. We conclude that we could not find all the known interactions because they require chaperones, post-translational modifications, or multiple proteins for their interactions. The lambda protein network connects 12 proteins of unknown function with well characterized proteins, which should shed light on the functional associations of these uncharacterized proteins. PMID:21943085

Risk assessment of lambda-cyhalothrin on aquatic organisms in paddy field in China.

PubMed

Gu, Bao G; Wang, Hui M; Chen, William L; Cai, Dao J; Shan, Zheng J

2007-06-01

This study was carried out to assess the risk of lambda-cyhalothrin to aquatic organisms used in paddy field, and to provide assistance in the ecological risk management of lambda-cyhalothrin. The acute toxicities of five individual formulations of lambda-cyhalothrin to four aquatic species were investigated in the laboratory, as well as in a simulated paddy field-pond ecosystem, and the results implicated that lambda-cyhalothrin is highly toxic to fish, and to a greater extent to shrimp. There were differences in the toxicities to each aquatic organisms among different formulations. lambda-Cyhalothrin degraded rapidly in the environment, with half-lives of different formulations in paddy field water (0.23-0.53 days), pond water (0.38-0.63 days), and paddy field soil (0.96-7.35 days), respectively. The water overflow from the paddy field following a simulated rainstorm 12h after application of lambda-cyhalothrin did not cause injury to fish, clam or crab, but was severely hazardous to shrimp. Additionally, no injury to shrimp was found when simulated overflow occurred 4 days after application. These results suggest that the environmental risk of lambda-cyhalothrin to aquatic organisms can be reduced by (1) developing a relatively safe formulation such as a suspension concentrate, and/or (2) controlling the drainage time of the paddy field.

Segregated tandem filter for enhanced conversion efficiency in a thermophotovoltaic energy conversion system

DOEpatents

Brown, E.J.; Baldasaro, P.F.; Dziendziel, R.J.

1997-12-23

A filter system to transmit short wavelength radiation and reflect long wavelength radiation for a thermophotovoltaic energy conversion cell comprises an optically transparent substrate segregation layer with at least one coherent wavelength in optical thickness; a dielectric interference filter deposited on one side of the substrate segregation layer, the interference filter being disposed toward the source of radiation, the interference filter including a plurality of alternating layers of high and low optical index materials adapted to change from transmitting to reflecting at a nominal wavelength {lambda}{sub IF} approximately equal to the bandgap wavelength {lambda}{sub g} of the thermophotovoltaic cell, the interference filter being adapted to transmit incident radiation from about 0.5{lambda}{sub IF} to {lambda}{sub IF} and reflect from {lambda}{sub IF} to about 2{lambda}{sub IF}; and a high mobility plasma filter deposited on the opposite side of the substrate segregation layer, the plasma filter being adapted to start to become reflecting at a wavelength of about 1.5{lambda}{sub IF}. 10 figs.

On the ordinary quiver of the symmetric group over a field of characteristic 2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martin, Stuart; Russell, Lee

1997-11-01

Let [fraktur S]n and [fraktur A]n denote the symmetric and alternating groups of degree n[set membership][open face N] respectively. Let p be a prime number and let F be an arbitrary field of characteristic p. We say that a partition of n is p-regular if no p (non-zero) parts of it are equal; otherwise we call it p-singular. Let S[lambda]F denote the Specht module corresponding to [lambda]. For [lambda] a p-regular partition of n let D[lambda]F denote the unique irreducible top factor of S[lambda]F. Denote by [Delta][lambda]F =D[lambda]F [downward arrow][fraktur A]n its restriction to [fraktur A]n. Recall also that, over F, the ordinary quiver of the modular group algebra FG is a finite directed graph defined as follows: the vertices are labelled by the set of all simple FG-modules, L1, [ctdot], Lr, and the number of arrows from Li to Lj equals dimFExtFG(Li, Lj). The quiver gives important information about the block structure of G.

The anomalous C 4 intensity ratio in symbiotic stars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Michalitsianos, A. G.; Kafatos, M.; Fahey, R. P.

1988-01-01

The C IV lambda lambda 1548.2,1550.8 resonance doublet in a symbiotic stars was shown to exhibit anomalous line intensity ratios in which I (lambda 1548.2)/I(lambda 1550.8) less than 1, or less than the optically-thick limit of unity. The R Aquarii-central HII region and RX Puppis exhibit this phenomena. The I(lambda 1548.2)/I(lambda 1550.8) ratio in RX Puppis is found to vary inversely with the total C IV line intensity, and with the FES-visual light, as the object declined over a 5 yr period following a brightening in UV and optical emission which peaked in 1982. This doublet intensity behavior could be explained by a wind which has a narrow velocity range of 600 approx. less than sup v wind approx. less than 1000 km/sec, or by the pumping of the Fe II (mul. 45.01) transition a sup 4 F sub 9/2 - y sup 4 H(o) sub 11/2 by C IV lambda 1548.2, which effectively scatters C IV photons into the Fe II spectrum in these objects.

Absorption of {Lambda}(1520) hyperons in photon-nucleus collisions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Paryev, E. Ya.

2012-12-15

In the framework of the nuclear spectral function approach for incoherent primary photon-nucleon and secondary pion-nucleon production processes we study the inclusive {Lambda}(1520)-hyperon production in the interaction of 2-GeV photons with nuclei. In particular, the A and momentum dependences of the absolute and relative {Lambda}(1520)-hyperon yields are investigated in two scenarios for its in-medium width. Our model calculations show that the pion-nucleon production channel contributes appreciably to the {Lambda}(1520) creation at intermediate momenta both in light and heavy nuclei in the chosen kinematics and, hence, has to be taken into consideration on close examination of the dependences of the {Lambda}(1520)-hyperonmore » yields on the target mass number with the aim to get information on its width in the medium. They also demonstrate that the A and momentum dependences of the absolute and relative {Lambda}(1520)-hyperon production cross sections at incident energy of interest are markedly sensitive to the {Lambda}(1520) in-medium width, which means that these observables may be an important tool to determine the above width.« less

Spectroscopy of the neutron-rich hypernucleus He Λ 7 from electron scattering

DOE PAGES

Gogami, T.; Chen, C.; Kawama, D.; ...

2016-08-12

Here, the missing mass spectroscopy of themore » $$^{7}_{\\Lambda}$$He hypernucleus was performed, using the $$^{7}$$Li$$(e,e^{\\prime}K^{+})^{7}_{\\Lambda}$$He reaction at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Hall C. The $$\\Lambda$$ binding energy of the ground state (1/2$$^{+}$$) was determined with a smaller error than that of the previous measurement, being $$B_{\\Lambda}$$ = 5.55 $$\\pm$$ 0.10(stat.) $$\\pm$$ 0.11(sys.) MeV. The experiment also provided new insight into charge symmetry breaking in p-shell hypernuclear systems. Finally, a peak at $$B_{\\Lambda}$$ = 3.65 $$\\pm$$ 0.20(stat.) $$\\pm$$ 0.11(sys.) MeV was observed and assigned as a mixture of 3/2$$^{+}$$ and 5/2$$^{+}$$ states, confirming the "gluelike" behavior of $$\\Lambda$$, which makes an unstable state in $$^{6}$$He stable against neutron emission.« less

A 2-lambda laser-induced flurorescence field instrument for ground-based and airborne measurements of atmospheric OH

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rodgers, M. O.; Bradshaw, J. D.; Sandholm, S. T.; Kesheng, S.; Davis, D. D.

1985-01-01

A number of techniques have been proposed for detecting atmospheric OH radicals. Of these, the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique has been used by the largest number of investigators. One of the problems arising in connection with the implementation of this technique is related to the perturbing effect of the UV (lambda approximately 282 nm) laser beam used for OH monitoring, while another problem relates to signal extraction. Several new LIF approaches have been or are currently under development with the objective to bring both problems under control. The present paper deals with the experimental features of one of these new approaches. The considered approach is referred to as 2-lambda laser-induced fluorescence (2-lambda LIF). It is shown that the 2-lambda LIF system provides significant advantages over earlier 1-lambda LIF OH measurement instruments operating at ambient pressure.

Hybrid-Lambda: simulation of multiple merger and Kingman gene genealogies in species networks and species trees.

PubMed

Zhu, Sha; Degnan, James H; Goldstien, Sharyn J; Eldon, Bjarki

2015-09-15

There has been increasing interest in coalescent models which admit multiple mergers of ancestral lineages; and to model hybridization and coalescence simultaneously. Hybrid-Lambda is a software package that simulates gene genealogies under multiple merger and Kingman's coalescent processes within species networks or species trees. Hybrid-Lambda allows different coalescent processes to be specified for different populations, and allows for time to be converted between generations and coalescent units, by specifying a population size for each population. In addition, Hybrid-Lambda can generate simulated datasets, assuming the infinitely many sites mutation model, and compute the F ST statistic. As an illustration, we apply Hybrid-Lambda to infer the time of subdivision of certain marine invertebrates under different coalescent processes. Hybrid-Lambda makes it possible to investigate biogeographic concordance among high fecundity species exhibiting skewed offspring distribution.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Deur, Alexandre; Brodsky, Stanley J.; de Téramond, Guy F.

Here, the recent determination of themore » $$\\beta$$--function of the QCD running coupling $$\\alpha_{\\overline{MS}}(Q^2)$$ to five-loops, provides a verification of the convergence of a novel method for determining the fundamental QCD parameter $$\\Lambda_s$$ based on the Light-Front Holographic approach to nonperturbative QCD. The new 5-loop analysis, together with improvements in determining the holographic QCD nonperturbative scale parameter $$\\kappa$$ from hadronic spectroscopy, leads to an improved precision of the value of $$\\Lambda_s$$ in the $${\\overline{MS}}$$ scheme close to a factor of two; we find $$\\Lambda^{(3)}_{\\overline{MS}}=0.339\\pm0.019$$ GeV for $$n_{f}=3$$, in excellent agreement with the world average, $$\\Lambda_{\\overline{MS}}^{(3)}=0.332\\pm0.017$$ GeV. Lastly, we also discuss the constraints imposed on the scale dependence of the strong coupling in the nonperturbative domain by superconformal quantum mechanics and its holographic embedding in anti-de Sitter space.« less

Simultaneous display of two large proteins on the head and tail of bacteriophage lambda.

PubMed

Pavoni, Emiliano; Vaccaro, Paola; D'Alessio, Valeria; De Santis, Rita; Minenkova, Olga

2013-09-30

Consistent progress in the development of bacteriophage lambda display platform as an alternative to filamentous phage display system was achieved in the recent years. The lambda phage has been engineered to display efficiently multiple copies of peptides or even large protein domains providing a powerful tool for screening libraries of peptides, proteins and cDNA. In the present work we describe an original method for dual display of large proteins on the surface of lambda particles. An anti-CEA single-chain antibody fragment and green fluorescent protein or alkaline phosphatase were simultaneously displayed by engineering both gpD and gpV lambda proteins. Here we show that such modified phage particles can be used for the detection of target molecules in vitro and in vivo. Dual expression of functional moieties on the surface of the lambda phage might open the way to generation of a new class of diagnostic and therapeutic targeted nanoparticles.

Primary Dendrite Arm Spacings in Al-7Si Alloy Directionally Solidified on the International Space Station

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Angart, Samuel; Lauer, Mark; Poirier, David; Tewari, Surendra; Rajamure, Ravi; Grugel, Richard

2015-01-01

Samples from directionally solidified Al- 7 wt. % Si have been analyzed for primary dendrite arm spacing (lambda) and radial macrosegregation. The alloy was directionally solidified (DS) aboard the ISS to determine the effect of mitigating convection on lambda and macrosegregation. Samples from terrestrial DS-experiments thermal histories are discussed for comparison. In some experiments, lambda was measured in microstructures that developed during the transition from one speed to another. To represent DS in the presence of no convection, the Hunt-Lu model was used to represent diffusion controlled growth under steady-state conditions. By sectioning cross-sections throughout the entire length of a solidified sample, lambda was measured and calculated using the model. During steady-state, there was reasonable agreement between the measured and calculated lambda's in the space-grown samples. In terrestrial samples, the differences between measured and calculated lambda's indicated that the dendritic growth was influenced by convection.

Measurement of the Lambdab0 lifetime in Lambdab0 --> Lambdac+pi- decays in pp collisions at square root of s = 1.96 TeV.

PubMed

Aaltonen, T; Adelman, J; Alvarez González, B; Amerio, S; Amidei, D; Anastassov, A; Annovi, A; Antos, J; Apollinari, G; Apresyan, A; Arisawa, T; Artikov, A; Asaadi, J; Ashmanskas, W; Attal, A; Aurisano, A; Azfar, F; Badgett, W; Barbaro-Galtieri, A; Barnes, V E; Barnett, B A; Barria, P; Bartos, P; Bauer, G; Beauchemin, P-H; Bedeschi, F; Beecher, D; Behari, S; Bellettini, G; Bellinger, J; Benjamin, D; Beretvas, A; Bhatti, A; Binkley, M; Bisello, D; Bizjak, I; Blair, R E; Blocker, C; Blumenfeld, B; Bocci, A; Bodek, A; Boisvert, V; Bortoletto, D; Boudreau, J; Boveia, A; Brau, B; Bridgeman, A; Brigliadori, L; Bromberg, C; Brubaker, E; Budagov, J; Budd, H S; Budd, S; Burkett, K; Busetto, G; Bussey, P; Buzatu, A; Byrum, K L; Cabrera, S; Calancha, C; Camarda, S; Campanelli, M; Campbell, M; Canelli, F; Canepa, A; Carls, B; Carlsmith, D; Carosi, R; Carrillo, S; Carron, S; Casal, B; Casarsa, M; Castro, A; Catastini, P; Cauz, D; Cavaliere, V; Cavalli-Sforza, M; Cerri, A; Cerrito, L; Chang, S H; Chen, Y C; Chertok, M; Chiarelli, G; Chlachidze, G; Chlebana, F; Cho, K; Chokheli, D; Chou, J P; Chung, K; Chung, W H; Chung, Y S; Chwalek, T; Ciobanu, C I; Ciocci, M A; Clark, A; Clark, D; Compostella, G; Convery, M E; Conway, J; Corbo, M; Cordelli, M; Cox, C A; Cox, D J; Crescioli, F; Cuenca Almenar, C; Cuevas, J; Culbertson, R; Cully, J C; Dagenhart, D; Datta, M; Davies, T; de Barbaro, P; De Cecco, S; Deisher, A; De Lorenzo, G; Dell'Orso, M; Deluca, C; Demortier, L; Deng, J; Deninno, M; d'Errico, M; Di Canto, A; di Giovanni, G P; Di Ruzza, B; Dittmann, J R; D'Onofrio, M; Donati, S; Dong, P; Dorigo, T; Dube, S; Ebina, K; Elagin, A; Erbacher, R; Errede, D; Errede, S; Ershaidat, N; Eusebi, R; Fang, H C; Farrington, S; Fedorko, W T; Feild, R G; Feindt, M; Fernandez, J P; Ferrazza, C; Field, R; Flanagan, G; Forrest, R; Frank, M J; Franklin, M; Freeman, J C; Furic, I; Gallinaro, M; Galyardt, J; Garberson, F; Garcia, J E; Garfinkel, A F; Garosi, P; Gerberich, H; Gerdes, D; Gessler, A; Giagu, S; Giakoumopoulou, V; Giannetti, P; Gibson, K; Gimmell, J L; Ginsburg, C M; Giokaris, N; Giordani, M; Giromini, P; Giunta, M; Giurgiu, G; Glagolev, V; Glenzinski, D; Gold, M; Goldschmidt, N; Golossanov, A; Gomez, G; Gomez-Ceballos, G; Goncharov, M; González, O; Gorelov, I; Goshaw, A T; Goulianos, K; Gresele, A; Grinstein, S; Grosso-Pilcher, C; Group, R C; Grundler, U; Guimaraes da Costa, J; Gunay-Unalan, Z; Haber, C; Hahn, S R; Halkiadakis, E; Han, B-Y; Han, J Y; Happacher, F; Hara, K; Hare, D; Hare, M; Harr, R F; Hartz, M; Hatakeyama, K; Hays, C; Heck, M; Heinrich, J; Herndon, M; Heuser, J; Hewamanage, S; Hidas, D; Hill, C S; Hirschbuehl, D; Hocker, A; Hou, S; Houlden, M; Hsu, S-C; Hughes, R E; Hurwitz, M; Husemann, U; Hussein, M; Huston, J; Incandela, J; Introzzi, G; Iori, M; Ivanov, A; James, E; Jang, D; Jayatilaka, B; Jeon, E J; Jha, M K; Jindariani, S; Johnson, W; Jones, M; Joo, K K; Jun, S Y; Jung, J E; Junk, T R; Kamon, T; Kar, D; Karchin, P E; Kato, Y; Kephart, R; Ketchum, W; Keung, J; Khotilovich, V; Kilminster, B; Kim, D H; Kim, H S; Kim, H W; Kim, J E; Kim, M J; Kim, S B; Kim, S H; Kim, Y K; Kimura, N; Kirsch, L; Klimenko, S; Kondo, K; Kong, D J; Konigsberg, J; Korytov, A; Kotwal, A V; Kreps, M; Kroll, J; Krop, D; Krumnack, N; Kruse, M; Krutelyov, V; Kuhr, T; Kulkarni, N P; Kurata, M; Kwang, S; Laasanen, A T; Lami, S; Lammel, S; Lancaster, M; Lander, R L; Lannon, K; Lath, A; Latino, G; Lazzizzera, I; LeCompte, T; Lee, E; Lee, H S; Lee, J S; Lee, S W; Leone, S; Lewis, J D; Lin, C-J; Linacre, J; Lindgren, M; Lipeles, E; Lister, A; Litvintsev, D O; Liu, C; Liu, T; Lockyer, N S; Loginov, A; Lovas, L; Lucchesi, D; Lueck, J; Lujan, P; Lukens, P; Lungu, G; Lys, J; Lysak, R; MacQueen, D; Madrak, R; Maeshima, K; Makhoul, K; Maksimovic, P; Malde, S; Malik, S; Manca, G; Manousakis-Katsikakis, A; Margaroli, F; Marino, C; Marino, C P; Martin, A; Martin, M S; Martin, V; Martínez, M; Martínez-Ballarín, R; Mastrandrea, P; Mathis, M; Mattson, M E; Mazzanti, P; McFarland, K S; McIntyre, P; McNulty, R; Mehta, A; Mehtala, P; Menzione, A; Mesropian, C; Miao, T; Mietlicki, D; Miladinovic, N; Miller, R; Mills, C; Milnik, M; Mitra, A; Mitselmakher, G; Miyake, H; Moed, S; Moggi, N; Mondragon, M N; Moon, C S; Moore, R; Morello, M J; Morlock, J; Movilla Fernandez, P; Mülmenstädt, J; Mukherjee, A; Muller, Th; Mumford, R; Murat, P; Mussini, M; Nachtman, J; Nagai, Y; Naganoma, J; Nakamura, K; Nakano, I; Napier, A; Nett, J; Neu, C; Neubauer, M S; Neubauer, S; Nielsen, J; Nodulman, L; Norman, M; Norniella, O; Nurse, E; Oakes, L; Oh, S H; Oh, Y D; Oksuzian, I; Okusawa, T; Orava, R; Osterberg, K; Pagan Griso, S; Pagliarone, C; Palencia, E; Papadimitriou, V; Papaikonomou, A; Paramanov, A A; Parks, B; Pashapour, S; Patrick, J; Pauletta, G; Paulini, M; Paus, C; Peiffer, T; Pellett, D E; Penzo, A; Phillips, T J; Piacentino, G; Pianori, E; Pinera, L; Pitts, K; Plager, C; Pondrom, L; Potamianos, K; Poukhov, O; Prokoshin, F; Pronko, A; Ptohos, F; Pueschel, E; Punzi, G; Pursley, J; Rademacker, J; Rahaman, A; Ramakrishnan, V; Ranjan, N; Redondo, I; Renton, P; Renz, M; Rescigno, M; Richter, S; Rimondi, F; Ristori, L; Robson, A; Rodrigo, T; Rodriguez, T; Rogers, E; Rolli, S; Roser, R; Rossi, M; Rossin, R; Roy, P; Ruiz, A; Russ, J; Rusu, V; Rutherford, B; Saarikko, H; Safonov, A; Sakumoto, W K; Santi, L; Sartori, L; Sato, K; Savoy-Navarro, A; Schlabach, P; Schmidt, A; Schmidt, E E; Schmidt, M A; Schmidt, M P; Schmitt, M; Schwarz, T; Scodellaro, L; Scribano, A; Scuri, F; Sedov, A; Seidel, S; Seiya, Y; Semenov, A; Sexton-Kennedy, L; Sforza, F; Sfyrla, A; Shalhout, S Z; Shears, T; Shepard, P F; Shimojima, M; Shiraishi, S; Shochet, M; Shon, Y; Shreyber, I; Simonenko, A; Sinervo, P; Sisakyan, A; Slaughter, A J; Slaunwhite, J; Sliwa, K; Smith, J R; Snider, F D; Snihur, R; Soha, A; Somalwar, S; Sorin, V; Squillacioti, P; Stanitzki, M; St Denis, R; Stelzer, B; Stelzer-Chilton, O; Stentz, D; Strologas, J; Strycker, G L; Suh, J S; Sukhanov, A; Suslov, I; Taffard, A; Takashima, R; Takeuchi, Y; Tanaka, R; Tang, J; Tecchio, M; Teng, P K; Thom, J; Thome, J; Thompson, G A; Thomson, E; Tipton, P; Ttito-Guzmán, P; Tkaczyk, S; Toback, D; Tokar, S; Tollefson, K; Tomura, T; Tonelli, D; Torre, S; Torretta, D; Totaro, P; Tourneur, S; Trovato, M; Tsai, S-Y; Tu, Y; Turini, N; Ukegawa, F; Uozumi, S; van Remortel, N; Varganov, A; Vataga, E; Vázquez, F; Velev, G; Vellidis, C; Vidal, M; Vila, I; Vilar, R; Vogel, M; Volobouev, I; Volpi, G; Wagner, P; Wagner, R G; Wagner, R L; Wagner, W; Wagner-Kuhr, J; Wakisaka, T; Wallny, R; Wang, S M; Warburton, A; Waters, D; Weinberger, M; Weinelt, J; Wester, W C; Whitehouse, B; Whiteson, D; Wicklund, A B; Wicklund, E; Wilbur, S; Williams, G; Williams, H H; Wilson, P; Winer, B L; Wittich, P; Wolbers, S; Wolfe, C; Wolfe, H; Wright, T; Wu, X; Würthwein, F; Yagil, A; Yamamoto, K; Yamaoka, J; Yang, U K; Yang, Y C; Yao, W M; Yeh, G P; Yi, K; Yoh, J; Yorita, K; Yoshida, T; Yu, G B; Yu, I; Yu, S S; Yun, J C; Zanetti, A; Zeng, Y; Zhang, X; Zheng, Y; Zucchelli, S

2010-03-12

We report a measurement of the lifetime of the Lambda(b)(0) baryon in decays to the Lambda(c)(+)pi(-) final state in a sample corresponding to 1.1 fb(-1) collected in pp collisions at square root of s = 1.96 TeV by the CDF II detector at the Tevatron collider. Using a sample of about 3000 fully reconstructed Lambda(b)(0) events we measure tau(Lambda(b)(0)) = 1.401 +/- 0.046(stat) +/- 0.035(syst) ps (corresponding to ctau(Lambda(b)(0)) = 420.1 +/- 13.7(stat) +/- 10.6(syst) microm, where c is the speed of light). The ratio of this result and the world average B(0) lifetime yields tau(Lambda(b)(0))/tau(B(0)) = 0.918 +/- 0.038 (stat) and (syst), in good agreement with recent theoretical predictions.

{Lambda}K*{Lambda}(1116) photoproduction and nucleon resonances

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kim, Sang-Ho; Kim, Hyun-Chul; Nam, Seung-il

2011-10-21

In this presentation, we report our recent studies on the {Lambda}K*{Lambda}(1116) photoproduction off the proton target, using the tree-level Born approximation, via the effective Lagrangian approach. In addition, we include the nine (three- or four-star confirmed) nucleon resonances below the threshold {radical}(s{sub th}){approx_equal}2008 MeV, to interpret the discrepancy between the experiment and previous theoretical studies, in the vicinity of the threshold region. From the numerical studies, we observe that the S{sub 11}(1535) and S11(1650) play an important role for the cross-section enhancement near the {radical}(s{sub th}). It also turns out that, in order to reproduce the data, we have themore » vector coupling constants gK*S{sub 11}(1535){Lambda} = (7.0{approx}9.0) and gK*S{sub 11}(1650){Lambda} (5.0{approx}6.0).« less

Spectroscopic studies and structure of 3-methoxy-2 -[(2,4,4,6,6-pentachloro-1,3,5,2{lambda}{sup 5},4{lambda}{sup 5},6{lambda}{sup 5}-triazatriphosphin-2-yl)oxy] benzaldehyde

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Oezay, H.; Yildiz, M., E-mail: myildiz@comu.edu.tr; Uenver, H.

2013-01-15

The compound called 3-methoxy-2- [(2,4,4,6,6-pentachloro-1,3,5,2{lambda}{sup 5},4{lambda}{sup 5},6{lambda}{sup 5}-triazatriphosphin-2-yl)oxy] benzaldehyde has been synthesized from the reaction of 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene. It has been characterized by elemental analysis, MS, IR, {sup 1}H NMR, {sup 13}C NMR, {sup 31}P NMR and UV-visible spectroscopic techniques. The structure of the title compound has been determind by X-ray analysis. Crystals are orthorhombic, space group P2{sub 1}2{sub 1}2{sub 1}, Z = 4, a = 7.705(1), b = 12.624(1), c = 17.825(2) A, R{sub 1} = 0.0390 and wR{sub 2} = 0.1074 [I > 2{sigma}(I)], respectively.

Quantum games as quantum types

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Delbecque, Yannick

In this thesis, we present a new model for higher-order quantum programming languages. The proposed model is an adaptation of the probabilistic game semantics developed by Danos and Harmer [DH02]: we expand it with quantum strategies which enable one to represent quantum states and quantum operations. Some of the basic properties of these strategies are established and then used to construct denotational semantics for three quantum programming languages. The first of these languages is a formalisation of the measurement calculus proposed by Danos et al. [DKP07]. The other two are new: they are higher-order quantum programming languages. Previous attempts to define a denotational semantics for higher-order quantum programming languages have failed. We identify some of the key reasons for this and base the design of our higher-order languages on these observations. The game semantics proposed in this thesis is the first denotational semantics for a lambda-calculus equipped with quantum types and with extra operations which allow one to program quantum algorithms. The results presented validate the two different approaches used in the design of these two new higher-order languages: a first one where quantum states are used through references and a second one where they are introduced as constants in the language. The quantum strategies presented in this thesis allow one to understand the constraints that must be imposed on quantum type systems with higher-order types. The most significant constraint is the fact that abstraction over part of the tensor product of many unknown quantum states must not be allowed. Quantum strategies are a new mathematical model which describes the interaction between classical and quantum data using system-environment dialogues. The interactions between the different parts of a quantum system are described using the rich structure generated by composition of strategies. This approach has enough generality to be put in relation with other work in quantum computing. Quantum strategies could thus be useful for other purposes than the study of quantum programming languages.

Longitudinal diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging study of radiation-induced white matter damage in a rat model.

PubMed

Wang, Silun; Wu, Ed X; Qiu, Deqiang; Leung, Lucullus H T; Lau, Ho-Fai; Khong, Pek-Lan

2009-02-01

Radiation-induced white matter (WM) damage is a major side effect of whole brain irradiation among childhood cancer survivors. We evaluate longitudinally the diffusion characteristics of the late radiation-induced WM damage in a rat model after 25 and 30 Gy irradiation to the hemibrain at 8 time points from 2 to 48 weeks postradiation. We hypothesize that diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI) indices including fractional anisotropy (FA), trace, axial diffusivity (lambda(//)), and radial diffusivity (lambda( perpendicular)) can accurately detect and monitor the histopathologic changes of radiation-induced WM damage, measured at the EC, and that these changes are dose and time dependent. Results showed a progressive reduction of FA, which was driven by reduction in lambda(//) from 4 to 40 weeks postradiation, and an increase in lambda( perpendicular) with return to baseline in lambda(//) at 48 weeks postradiation. Histologic evaluation of irradiated WM showed reactive astrogliosis from 4 weeks postradiation with reversal at 36 weeks, and demyelination, axonal degeneration, and necrosis at 48 weeks postradiation. Moreover, changes in lambda(//) correlated with reactive astrogliosis (P < 0.01) and lambda( perpendicular) correlated with demyelination (P < 0.01). Higher radiation dose (30 Gy) induced earlier and more severe histologic changes than lower radiation dose (25 Gy), and these differences were reflected by the magnitude of changes in lambda(//) and lambda( perpendicular). DTI indices reflected the histopathologic changes of WM damage and our results support the use of DTI as a biomarker to noninvasively monitor radiation-induced WM damage.

Assessment of resistance risk to lambda-cyhalothrin and cross-resistance to four other insecticides in the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae).

PubMed

Abbas, Naeem; Shad, Sarfraz Ali

2015-07-01

Lambda-cyhalothrin, a sodium channel modulator insecticide, has been used frequently for the control of house flies, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) worldwide, including Pakistan. This experiment was performed to determine the selection and assessment of lambda-cyhalothrin resistance evolution along with four other insecticides. After 26 generations of selection, the lambda-cyhalothrin-selected population developed 445-fold resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin compared to the susceptible population. There was low cross-resistance to bifenthrin and very low cross-resistance to methomyl, imidacloprid, and fipronil in the lambda-cyhalothrin-selected population compared to the field population (G1). Realized heritability (h (2)) of resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, methomyl, imidacloprid, and fipronil was 0.07, 0.05, 0.01, 0.08, and 0.08, respectively. The projected rate of resistance development revealed that if 90 % house flies were selected, then a tenfold increase in lethal concentration 50 occurred after 17, 20, 159, 13, and 14 generations for lambda-cyhalothrin (h (2) = 0.07, slope = 2.09), bifenthrin (h (2) = 0.05, slope = 1.73), methomyl (h (2) = 0.01, slope = 2.52), imidacloprid (h (2) = 0.08, slope = 1.89), and fipronil (h (2) = 0.08, slope = 2.03), respectively. The results of our study concluded that the house fly has the potential to develop multiple insecticide resistances following continued selection pressure with lambda-cyhalothrin. This study will be helpful for assisting the development of resistance management strategies.

Size effects of primary/secondary twins on the atomistic deformation mechanisms in hierarchically nanotwinned metals

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yuan, Fuping; Wu, Xiaolei

2013-05-28

A series of large-scale molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to investigate the tensile properties of nanotwinned (NT) copper with hierarchically twinned structures (HTS). For the same grain size d and the same spacing of primary twins {lambda}{sub 1}, the average flow stress first increases as the spacing of secondary twins {lambda}{sub 2} decreases, reaching a maximum at a critical {lambda}{sub 2}, and then decreases as {lambda}{sub 2} becomes even smaller. The smaller the spacing for {lambda}{sub 1}, the smaller the critical spacing for {lambda}{sub 2}. There exists a transition in dominating deformation mechanisms, occurring at a critical spacing ofmore » {lambda}{sub 2} for which strength is maximized. Above the critical spacing of {lambda}{sub 2}, the deformation mechanisms are dominated by the two Hall-Petch type strengthening mechanisms: (a) partial dislocations emitted from grain boundaries (GBs) travel across other GBs and twin boundaries (TBs); (b) partial dislocations emitted from TBs travel across other TBs. Below the critical spacing of {lambda}{sub 2}, the deformation mechanism is dominated by the two softening mechanisms: (a) Partial dislocations emitted from boundaries of the primary twins travel parallel to the TBs of the secondary twins, leading to detwinning of the secondary twins; (b) Boundaries of the primary twins shift entirely, leading to thickening in one part of primary twins and thinning in the other part of primary twins. The present results should provide insights to design the microstructures for reinforcing the mechanical properties in the NT metals with HTS.« less

RECONCILIATION OF WAITING TIME STATISTICS OF SOLAR FLARES OBSERVED IN HARD X-RAYS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aschwanden, Markus J.; McTiernan, James M., E-mail: aschwanden@lmsal.co, E-mail: jimm@ssl.berkeley.ed

2010-07-10

We study the waiting time distributions of solar flares observed in hard X-rays with ISEE-3/ICE, HXRBS/SMM, WATCH/GRANAT, BATSE/CGRO, and RHESSI. Although discordant results and interpretations have been published earlier, based on relatively small ranges (<2 decades) of waiting times, we find that all observed distributions, spanning over 6 decades of waiting times ({Delta}t {approx} 10{sup -3}-10{sup 3} hr), can be reconciled with a single distribution function, N({Delta}t) {proportional_to} {lambda}{sub 0}(1 + {lambda}{sub 0{Delta}}t){sup -2}, which has a power-law slope of p {approx} 2.0 at large waiting times ({Delta}t {approx} 1-1000 hr) and flattens out at short waiting times {Delta}t {approx}

Alternatives to Goodman and Kruskal's Lambda.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stavig, Gordon R.

1979-01-01

Lambda and kappa coefficients of nominal scale association are developed for research hypotheses that involve predictions of modality, agreement, or some theoretically specified configuration. The proposed new coefficient is offered as an alternative to Goodman and Kruskal's lambda. (Author/CTM)

Hepatopancreatic intoxication of lambda cyhalothrin insecticide on albino rats

PubMed Central

Elhalwagy, Manal EA; Abd-Alrahman, Sherif H; Nahas, AA; Ziada, Reem M; Mohamady, Aziza H

2015-01-01

Background: Despite the known adverse effects of lambda cyhalothrin insecticide, little is known about its hepatopancreatic intoxication effects. The present study was carried out to elucidate sub-chronic effect of Karat 2.5% EC formulation of lambda cyhalothrin on male albino rats. Methods: To explore the effects of exposure to lambda cyhalothrin on rats and its mechanism, low (1/40 of LD50, 5 mg/kg/day) and high dose (1/4 of LD50, 50 mg/kg/day) lambda cyhalothrin were applied to rats via drinking water for 3 months. Blood samples were collected monthly, and the animals were dissected for liver and pancreas’s examination at the end of the experiment. Lambda cyhalothrin administration was associated with the elevation in lipid peroxidation marker, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduction in SH-protein a major marker for antioxidant, as well as basel paraoxonase (PON) in both treated groups throughout the experimental periods. Results: In addition, significant elevations in liver enzymes alanin amino transferase, (ALT), and aspartate amino transferase (AST), as well as plasma acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glucose level. While, significant reduction in insulin level through the experimental periods. Results of histopathological and histochemical studies showed that lambda cyhalothrin exposure induces liver and pancreatic tissues damage and depletion in glycogen content was pronounced in liver of both treated groups. Conclusions: In conclusion subchronic intoxication with lambda cyhalothrin formulation induced remarkable changes in the examined parameters. PMID:26221269

Hepatopancreatic intoxication of lambda cyhalothrin insecticide on albino rats.

PubMed

Elhalwagy, Manal Ea; Abd-Alrahman, Sherif H; Nahas, A A; Ziada, Reem M; Mohamady, Aziza H

2015-01-01

Despite the known adverse effects of lambda cyhalothrin insecticide, little is known about its hepatopancreatic intoxication effects. The present study was carried out to elucidate sub-chronic effect of Karat 2.5% EC formulation of lambda cyhalothrin on male albino rats. To explore the effects of exposure to lambda cyhalothrin on rats and its mechanism, low (1/40 of LD50, 5 mg/kg/day) and high dose (1/4 of LD50, 50 mg/kg/day) lambda cyhalothrin were applied to rats via drinking water for 3 months. Blood samples were collected monthly, and the animals were dissected for liver and pancreas's examination at the end of the experiment. Lambda cyhalothrin administration was associated with the elevation in lipid peroxidation marker, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduction in SH-protein a major marker for antioxidant, as well as basel paraoxonase (PON) in both treated groups throughout the experimental periods. In addition, significant elevations in liver enzymes alanin amino transferase, (ALT), and aspartate amino transferase (AST), as well as plasma acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glucose level. While, significant reduction in insulin level through the experimental periods. Results of histopathological and histochemical studies showed that lambda cyhalothrin exposure induces liver and pancreatic tissues damage and depletion in glycogen content was pronounced in liver of both treated groups. In conclusion subchronic intoxication with lambda cyhalothrin formulation induced remarkable changes in the examined parameters.

Anisotropy of the penetration depth in La2-xSrxCuO4 in underdoped and overdoped regions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zaleski, A. J.; Klamut, J.

1999-12-01

We present the results of measurements of the penetration depth anisotropy in pulverized, ceramic La2-xSrxCuO4. The measurements were carried out for x = 0.08, 0.1, 0.125, 0.15 and 0.2. The powdered samples, immersed in wax, were magnetically oriented in a static magnetic field of 10 T. The penetration depth in the a-b plane, icons/Journals/Common/lambda" ALT="lambda" ALIGN="TOP"/>ab, and perpendicular to it, icons/Journals/Common/lambda" ALT="lambda" ALIGN="TOP"/>icons/Journals/Common/perp" ALT="perp" ALIGN="MIDDLE"/>, were derived from alternating-current susceptibility measurements. For underdoped samples they both vary linearly with temperature (for the low-temperature region), while for the samples from the overdoped region the measured points can be fitted by an exponential function. These results support Uemura's picture (Uemura Y J 1997 Physica C 282-287 194) of crossover from Bose-Einstein condensation to a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer mechanism of superconductivity. The penetration depth values extrapolated to T = 0 may be described by a quadratic function of the strontium concentration (for both icons/Journals/Common/lambda" ALT="lambda" ALIGN="TOP"/>ab and icons/Journals/Common/lambda" ALT="lambda" ALIGN="TOP"/>icons/Journals/Common/perp" ALT="perp" ALIGN="MIDDLE"/>). The anisotropy of the penetration depth as a function of the substitution shows a similar dependence to the critical temperature Tc(x).

First-trimester ultrasound determination of chorionicity in twin gestations using the lambda sign: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed

Maruotti, G M; Saccone, G; Morlando, M; Martinelli, P

2016-07-01

To evaluate the accuracy of first-trimester sonographic determination of chorionicity in twin gestations using the lambda sign. Electronic databases (MEDLINE, PROSPERO, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, EMBASE, Sciencedirect) were searched from their inception until April 2016. We included only study assessing the accuracy lambda sign in prediction of monochorionicity in the first trimester. Forest plots for pooled sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were generated. In addition, symmetric summary receiver-operating characteristic curves were plotted. The area under the curve (AUC) was also computed to evaluate the overall accuracy of the diagnostic test. Nine studies, including 2292 twins, were analysed. In all of these studies, identification of the lambda sign was used to diagnose chorionicity on real-time B-mode imaging. Twins were classified as monochorionic if there was a single placental mass in the absence of the lambda sign, and dichorionic if there was a single placental mass but the lambda sign was present or the placentas were not adjacent to each other. In all nine studies, placental histology or discordant fetal sex were used to confirm chorionicity. Pooled results from the meta-analysis showed that sensitivity of the presence of the lambda sign in the prediction of dichorionicity was 99% (95% CI 98-100%), and specificity was 95% (95% CI 92-97%). Pooled sensitivity of the absence of the lambda sign in the prediction of monochorionicity was 96% (95% CI 92-98%) and pooled specificity was 99% (95% CI 98-99%). The AUC for diagnostic accuracy was 0.99, and suggested very high diagnostic accuracy. The lambda sign predicts chorionicity with a high degree of accuracy before 14 weeks of gestation. Presence of the lambda sign indicates dichorionicity, and absence of the lambda sign indicates monochorionicity. All hospitals should encourage departments providing ultrasound services to determine chorionicity when examining women with twin pregnancies in the first trimester. As determination of chorionicity is most accurate before 14 weeks when the amnion and chorion have not yet fused, the first-trimester scan in twin pregnancy is paramount. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Simultaneous X-ray, UV, and Optical Variations in lambda ERI (B2e)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smith, M. A.; Murakami, T.; Anandarao, B.

1996-12-01

We have carried out a simultaneous observing campaign on the prototypical Be star lambda Eri using ground stations and ROSAT, ASCA, IUE, and Voyager spacecrafts during the week of February-March 1995; a smaller campaign was carried out the following September. In late February lambda Eri showed extraordinary disk-wind activity. ROSAT/HRI monitoring disclosed no large flares such as ROSAT observed in 1991 in lambda Eri. Possible low amplitude fluctuations in the 1995 data occurred at the same time with unusual activity in Hα , HeI lambda 6678, HeII lambda 1640, CIII, and the CIV doublet. The helium line activity suggests that mass ejection occurred at the base of the wind. The strong CIII and CIV lines implies that shock interactions originated in the wind flow. It is not clear that the X-ray fluctuations are directly related to the increases in wind line absorption. Within hours of the mild X-ray flux variations found by ROSAT on February 28, the Voyager UVS observed a ``ringing" that decayed over three 3-hr. cycles. The amplitude of these fluctuations was large (50%) at lambda lambda 950-1100, decreased rapidly with wavelength, and faded to nondetection above lambda 1300. Various considerations indicate that these continuum variations were not due to an instrument pathology in the UVS. Rather, they appear to be due to a time-dependent flux deficit in the lambda lambda 1250 during the minima of these cycles. We outline a scenario in which dense plasma over the star's surface is alternately heated and cooled quasi-periodically to produce the flux changes. Additional examples of this new phenomenon are needed. Amateur astronomers can make a significant contribution to the understanding of flickering in Be star light curves during their outburst phases. We also draw attention to an increase in the emission of the Hα line that occurred at about the same time the FUV ringing started. This increased emission hints that ~ 50,000K plasma near the star's surface can infuence the circumstellar disc some distance away by its increased Lyman continuum flux.

Multiple factors and processes involved in host cell killing by bacteriophage Mu: characterization and mapping.

PubMed

Waggoner, B T; Marrs, C F; Howe, M M; Pato, M L

1984-07-15

The regions of bacteriophage Mu involved in host cell killing were determined by infection of a lambda-immune host with 12 lambda pMu-transducing phages carrying different amounts of Mu DNA beginning at the left end. Infecting lambda pMu phages containing 5.0 (+/- 0.2) kb or less of the left end of Mu DNA did not kill the lambda-immune host, whereas lambda pMu containing 5.1 kb did kill, thus locating the right end of the kil gene between approximately 5.0 and 5.1 kb. For the Kil+ phages the extent of killing increased as the multiplicity of infection (m.o.i.) increased. In addition, killing was also affected by the presence of at least two other regions of Mu DNA: one, located between 5.1 and 5.8 kb, decreased the extent of killing; the other, located between 6.3 and 7.9 kb, greatly increased host cell killing. Killing was also assayed after lambda pMu infection of a lambda-immune host carrying a mini-Mu deleted for most of the B gene and the middle region of Mu DNA. Complementation of mini-Mu replication by infecting B+ lambda pMu phages resulted in killing of the lambda-immune, mini-Mu-containing host, regardless of the presence or absence of the Mu kil gene. The extent of host cell killing increased as the m.o.i. of the infecting lambda pMu increased, and was further enhanced by both the presence of the kil gene and the region located between 6.3 and 7.9 kb. These distinct processes of kil-mediated killing in the absence of replication and non-kil-mediated killing in the presence of replication were also observed after induction of replication-deficient and kil mutant prophages, respectively.

Study of the strong {sigma}{sub c}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{pi},{sigma}{sub c}*{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{pi} and {xi}{sub c}*{yields}{xi}{sub c}{pi} decays in a nonrelativistic quark model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Albertus, C.; Nieves, J.; Hernandez, E.

We present results for the strong widths corresponding to the {sigma}{sub c}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{pi}, {sigma}{sub c}*{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{pi} and {xi}{sub c}*{yields}{xi}{sub c}{pi} decays. The calculations have been done in a nonrelativistic constituent quark model with wave functions that take advantage of the constraints imposed by heavy quark symmetry. Partial conservation of axial current hypothesis allows us to determine the strong vertices from an analysis of the axial current matrix elements. Our results {gamma}({sigma}{sub c}{sup ++}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup +})=2.41{+-}0.07{+-}0.02 MeV, {gamma}({sigma}{sub c}{sup +}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup 0})=2.79{+-}0.08{+-}0.02 MeV, {gamma}({sigma}{sub c}{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -})=2.37{+-}0.07{+-}0.02 MeV, {gamma}({sigma}{sub c}*{sup ++}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup +})=17.52{+-}0.74{+-}0.12 MeV, {gamma}({sigma}{sub c}*{supmore » +}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup 0})=17.31{+-}0.73{+-}0.12 MeV, {gamma}({sigma}{sub c}*{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -})=16.90{+-}0.71{+-}0.12 MeV, {gamma}({xi}{sub c}*{sup +}{yields}{xi}{sub c}{sup 0}{pi}{sup +}+{xi}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup 0})=3.18{+-}0.10{+-}0.01 MeV, and {gamma}({xi}{sub c}*{sup 0}{yields}{xi}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}+{xi}{sub c}{sup 0}{pi}{sup 0})=3.03{+-}0.10{+-}0.01 MeV are in good agreement with experimental determinations.« less

Modified van Vaals-Bergman coaxial cable coil (lambda coil) for high-field imaging.

PubMed

Matsuzawa, H; Nakada, T

1996-03-01

An easily constructed, low-capacitive coupling volume coil based on the van Vaals-Bergman coaxial cable coil for high field imaging is described. The coil (designated "lambda coil") was constructed using two 5/4 length 50 omega coaxial cables matched to a 50 omega transmission line with LC bridge balun. The standing wave on the single 5/4 lambda length coaxial cable provides two points of current maxima in oppositional direction. Therefore, the four current elements necessary for effective B1 field generation can be obtained by two 5/4 lambda length coaxial cables arranged analogous to 1/2 lambda T-antenna. Capacitive coupling between the coil elements and conductive samples (i.e. animals) is minimized by simply retaining the shield of the coaxial cable for the area of voltage maxima. The lambda coil exhibited excellent performance as a volume coil with a high quality factor and highly homogeneous rf fields. Because of its dramatically simple architecture and excellent performance, the lambda coil configuration appears to be an economical alternative to the original van Vaals-Bergman design, especially for research facilities with a high field magnet and limited bore space.

Wind and boundary layers in Rayleigh-Bénard convection. II. Boundary layer character and scaling.

PubMed

van Reeuwijk, Maarten; Jonker, Harm J J; Hanjalić, Kemo

2008-03-01

The scaling of the kinematic boundary layer thickness lambda(u) and the friction factor C(f) at the top and bottom walls of Rayleigh-Bénard convection is studied by direct numerical simulation (DNS). By a detailed analysis of the friction factor, a new parameterisation for C(f) and lambda(u) is proposed. The simulations were made of an L/H=4 aspect-ratio domain with periodic lateral boundary conditions at Ra=(10(5), 10(6), 10(7), 10(8)) and Pr=1. The continuous spectrum, as well as significant forcing due to Reynolds stresses, clearly indicates a turbulent character of the boundary layer, while viscous effects cannot be neglected, judging from the scaling of classical integral boundary layer parameters with Reynolds number. Using a conceptual wind model, we find that the friction factor C(f) should scale proportionally to the thermal boundary layer thickness as C(f) proportional variant lambda(Theta)/H, while the kinetic boundary layer thickness lambda(u) scales inversely proportionally to the thermal boundary layer thickness and wind Reynolds number lambda(u)/H proportional variant (lambda(Theta)/H)(-1)Re(-1). The predicted trends for C(f) and lambda(u) are in agreement with DNS results.

Neurotoxic effects of lambda-cyhalothrin modulated by piperonyl butoxide in the brain of Oreochromis niloticus.

PubMed

Piner, Petek; Üner, Nevin

2014-11-01

The objective of this research was to investigate the neurotoxic effects of pyrethroid pesticide lambda-cyhalothrin by the modulation of cytochrome P450 with piperonyl butoxide in the brain of juvenile Oreochromis niloticus. The fish were exposed to 0.48 μg L(-1) (1/6 of the 96-h LC50 ) lambda-cyhalothrin and 10 μg L(-1) piperonyl butoxide for 96 h and 15 days. tGSH, GSSG, TBARS contents, GPx, GR, GST, and AChE enzymes activities were determined by spectrophotometrical methods and Hsp70 content was analyzed by ELISA technique. Lambda-cyhalothrin had no significant effect on the components of GSH redox system, lipid peroxidation and Hsp70 levels but inhibited AChE activity. In the presence of piperonyl butoxide, lambda-cyhalothrin caused increases in tGSH, GSSG, TBARS and Hsp70 contents, GST activity, and decrease in AChE activity. Present results showed that in the presence of piperonyl butoxide, lambda-cyhalothrin caused neurotoxic effects by increasing oxidative stress. Adaptation to its oxidative stress effects may be supplied by GSH-related antioxidant system. Piperonyl butoxide revealed neurotoxic effect of lambda-cyhalothrin. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., a Wiley company.

Preliminary use of nematic liquid crystal adaptive optics with a 2.16-meter reflecting telescope.

PubMed

Cao, Zhaoliang; Mu, Quanquan; Hu, Lifa; Li, Dayu; Peng, Zenghui; Liu, Yonggang; Xuan, Li

2009-02-16

A nematic liquid crystal adaptive optics system (NLC AOS) was assembled for a 2.16-m telescope to correct for atmospheric turbulence. LC AOS was designed and optimized with Zemax optical software. Second, an adaptive correction experiment was performed in the laboratory to test the performance of the NLC AOS. After the correction, the peak to valley (PV) and root mean square (RMS) of the wavefront were down to 0.2 lambda (lambda=633 nm) and 0.05 lambda, respectively. Finally, the star of Pollux (beta Gem) was tracked using the 2.16-m Reflecting Telescope, and real time correction of the atmospheric turbulence was performed with the NLC AOS. After the adaptive correction, the average PV and RMS of the wavefront were reduced from 11 lambda and 2.5 lambda to 2.3 lambda and 0.6 lambda, respectively. Although the intensity distribution of the beta Gem was converged and its peak was sharp, a halo still existed around the peak. These results indicated that the NLC AOS only partially corrected the vertical atmospheric turbulence. The limitations of our NLC AOS are discussed and some proposals are made.

Effects of tag loss on direct estimates of population growth rate

USGS Publications Warehouse

Rotella, J.J.; Hines, J.E.

2005-01-01

The temporal symmetry approach of R. Pradel can be used with capture-recapture data to produce retrospective estimates of a population's growth rate, lambda(i), and the relative contributions to lambda(i) from different components of the population. Direct estimation of lambda(i) provides an alternative to using population projection matrices to estimate asymptotic lambda and is seeing increased use. However, the robustness of direct estimates of lambda(1) to violations of several key assumptions has not yet been investigated. Here, we consider tag loss as a possible source of bias for scenarios in which the rate of tag loss is (1) the same for all marked animals in the population and (2) a function of tag age. We computed analytic approximations of the expected values for each of the parameter estimators involved in direct estimation and used those values to calculate bias and precision for each parameter estimator. Estimates of lambda(i) were robust to homogeneous rates of tag loss. When tag loss rates varied by tag age, bias occurred for some of the sampling situations evaluated, especially those with low capture probability, a high rate of tag loss, or both. For situations with low rates of tag loss and high capture probability, bias was low and often negligible. Estimates of contributions of demographic components to lambda(i) were not robust to tag loss. Tag loss reduced the precision of all estimates because tag loss results in fewer marked animals remaining available for estimation. Clearly tag loss should be prevented if possible, and should be considered in analyses of lambda(i), but tag loss does not necessarily preclude unbiased estimation of lambda(i).

Cholinergic dysfunctions and enhanced oxidative stress in the neurobehavioral toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin in developing rats.

PubMed

Ansari, Reyaz W; Shukla, Rajendra K; Yadav, Rajesh S; Seth, Kavita; Pant, Aditya B; Singh, Dhirendra; Agrawal, Ashok K; Islam, Fakhrul; Khanna, Vinay K

2012-11-01

This study is focused on understanding the mechanism of neurobehavioral toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin, a new generation type II synthetic pyrethroid in developing rats following their exposure from post-lactational day (PLD)22 to PLD49 and investigate whether neurobehavioral alterations are transient or persistent. Post-lactational exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin (1.0 or 3.0 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) affected grip strength and learning activity in rats on PLD50 and the persistent impairment of grip strength and learning was observed at 15 days after withdrawal of exposure on PLD65. A decrease in the binding of muscarinic-cholinergic receptors in frontocortical, hippocampal, and cerebellar membranes associated with decreased expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in hippocampus was observed following exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin on PLD50 and PLD65. Exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin was also found to increase the expression of growth-associated protein-43 in hippocampus of rats on PLD50 and PLD65 as compared to controls. A significant increase in lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl levels and decreased levels of reduced glutathione and activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in brain regions of lambda-cyhalothrin exposed rats were distinctly observed indicating increased oxidative stress. Inhibition of ChAT and AChE activity may cause down-regulation of muscarinic-cholinergic receptors consequently impairing learning activity in developing rats exposed to lambda-cyhalothrin. The data further indicate that long-term exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin at low doses may be detrimental and changes in selected behavioral and neurochemical end points may persist if exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin continues.

Bacteriophage lambda: early pioneer and still relevant

PubMed Central

Casjens, Sherwood R.; Hendrix, Roger W.

2015-01-01

Molecular genetic research on bacteriophage lambda carried out during its golden age from the mid 1950's to mid 1980's was critically important in the attainment of our current understanding of the sophisticated and complex mechanisms by which the expression of genes is controlled, of DNA virus assembly and of the molecular nature of lysogeny. The development of molecular cloning techniques, ironically instigated largely by phage lambda researchers, allowed many phage workers to switch their efforts to other biological systems. Nonetheless, since that time the ongoing study of lambda and its relatives have continued to give important new insights. In this review we give some relevant early history and describe recent developments in understanding the molecular biology of lambda's life cycle. PMID:25742714

GoCxx: a tool to easily leverage C++ legacy code for multicore-friendly Go libraries and frameworks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Binet, Sébastien

2012-12-01

Current HENP libraries and frameworks were written before multicore systems became widely deployed and used. From this environment, a ‘single-thread’ processing model naturally emerged but the implicit assumptions it encouraged are greatly impairing our abilities to scale in a multicore/manycore world. Writing scalable code in C++ for multicore architectures, while doable, is no panacea. Sure, C++11 will improve on the current situation (by standardizing on std::thread, introducing lambda functions and defining a memory model) but it will do so at the price of complicating further an already quite sophisticated language. This level of sophistication has probably already strongly motivated analysis groups to migrate to CPython, hoping for its current limitations with respect to multicore scalability to be either lifted (Grand Interpreter Lock removal) or for the advent of a new Python VM better tailored for this kind of environment (PyPy, Jython, …) Could HENP migrate to a language with none of the deficiencies of C++ (build time, deployment, low level tools for concurrency) and with the fast turn-around time, simplicity and ease of coding of Python? This paper will try to make the case for Go - a young open source language with built-in facilities to easily express and expose concurrency - being such a language. We introduce GoCxx, a tool leveraging gcc-xml's output to automatize the tedious work of creating Go wrappers for foreign languages, a critical task for any language wishing to leverage legacy and field-tested code. We will conclude with the first results of applying GoCxx to real C++ code.

The Protein Interaction Network of Bacteriophage Lambda with Its Host, Escherichia coli

PubMed Central

Blasche, Sonja; Wuchty, Stefan; Rajagopala, Seesandra V.

2013-01-01

Although most of the 73 open reading frames (ORFs) in bacteriophage λ have been investigated intensively, the function of many genes in host-phage interactions remains poorly understood. Using yeast two-hybrid screens of all lambda ORFs for interactions with its host Escherichia coli, we determined a raw data set of 631 host-phage interactions resulting in a set of 62 high-confidence interactions after multiple rounds of retesting. These links suggest novel regulatory interactions between the E. coli transcriptional network and lambda proteins. Targeted host proteins and genes required for lambda infection are enriched among highly connected proteins, suggesting that bacteriophages resemble interaction patterns of human viruses. Lambda tail proteins interact with both bacterial fimbrial proteins and E. coli proteins homologous to other phage proteins. Lambda appears to dramatically differ from other phages, such as T7, because of its unusually large number of modified and processed proteins, which reduces the number of host-virus interactions detectable by yeast two-hybrid screens. PMID:24049175

Simultaneous display of two large proteins on the head and tail of bacteriophage lambda

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Consistent progress in the development of bacteriophage lambda display platform as an alternative to filamentous phage display system was achieved in the recent years. The lambda phage has been engineered to display efficiently multiple copies of peptides or even large protein domains providing a powerful tool for screening libraries of peptides, proteins and cDNA. Results In the present work we describe an original method for dual display of large proteins on the surface of lambda particles. An anti-CEA single-chain antibody fragment and green fluorescent protein or alkaline phosphatase were simultaneously displayed by engineering both gpD and gpV lambda proteins. Conclusions Here we show that such modified phage particles can be used for the detection of target molecules in vitro and in vivo. Dual expression of functional moieties on the surface of the lambda phage might open the way to generation of a new class of diagnostic and therapeutic targeted nanoparticles. PMID:24073829

Selection of Optical Glasses Using Buchdahl's Chromatic Coordinate

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Griffin, DeVon W.

1999-01-01

This investigation attempted to extend the method of reducing the size of glass catalogs to a global glass selection technique with the hope of guiding glass catalog offerings. Buchdahl's development of optical aberration coefficients included a transformation of the variable in the dispersion equation from wavelength to a chromatic coordinate omega defined as omega = (lambda - lambda(sub 0))/ 1 + 2.5(lambda - lambda(sub 0)) where lambda is the wavelength at which the wavelength is calculated and lambda(sub 0) is a base wavelength about which the expansion is performed. The advantage of this approach is that the dispersion equation may be written in terms of a simple power series and permits direct calculation of dispersion coefficients. While several promising examples were given, a systematic application of the technique to an entire glass catalog and analysis of the subsequent predictions was not performed. The goal of this work was to apply the technique in a systematic fashion to glasses in the Schoft catalog and assess the quality of the predictions.

Exposure and health assessment during application of lambda-cyhalothrin for malaria vector control in Pakistan.

PubMed

Chester, G; Sabapathy, N N; Woollen, B H

1992-01-01

Icon 10 WP insecticide, a wettable powder formulation containing 10% lambda-cyhalothrin, was evaluated for possible adverse effects on the health of spraymen and villagers during treatment of dwellings for malaria vector control. Skin sensory effects and occasional coughing and sneezing in confined spaces were the only symptoms noted by the workers resulting from the handling and spraying of the insecticide. Absorption of lambda-cyhalothrin was estimated by determining its metabolites in urine and serum. The average amount of lambda-cyhalothrin absorbed by the workers per day (54 micrograms) represents less than 0.0001% (< 1 micrograms.kg-1.day-1) of the average daily amount of the substance handled. Only a small proportion of villagers showed detectable levels of lambda-cyhalothrin metabolites in their urine. Absorption of lambda-cyhalothrin from the formulation tested was therefore very low and, apart from the nuisance of skin sensory effects, there should be no risk to the health of workers or to the villagers whose dwellings are treated.

Exposure and health assessment during application of lambda-cyhalothrin for malaria vector control in Pakistan.

PubMed Central

Chester, G.; Sabapathy, N. N.; Woollen, B. H.

1992-01-01

Icon 10 WP insecticide, a wettable powder formulation containing 10% lambda-cyhalothrin, was evaluated for possible adverse effects on the health of spraymen and villagers during treatment of dwellings for malaria vector control. Skin sensory effects and occasional coughing and sneezing in confined spaces were the only symptoms noted by the workers resulting from the handling and spraying of the insecticide. Absorption of lambda-cyhalothrin was estimated by determining its metabolites in urine and serum. The average amount of lambda-cyhalothrin absorbed by the workers per day (54 micrograms) represents less than 0.0001% (< 1 micrograms.kg-1.day-1) of the average daily amount of the substance handled. Only a small proportion of villagers showed detectable levels of lambda-cyhalothrin metabolites in their urine. Absorption of lambda-cyhalothrin from the formulation tested was therefore very low and, apart from the nuisance of skin sensory effects, there should be no risk to the health of workers or to the villagers whose dwellings are treated. PMID:1464147

Two-dimensional energy spectra in high-Reynolds-number turbulent boundary layers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chandran, Dileep; Baidya, Rio; Monty, Jason P.; Marusic, Ivan

2017-09-01

Here we report the measurements of two-dimensional (2-D) spectra of the streamwise velocity ($u$) in a high Reynolds number turbulent boundary layer. A novel experiment employing multiple hot-wire probes was carried out at friction Reynolds numbers ranging from 2400 to 26000. Taylor's frozen turbulence hypothesis is used to convert temporal-spanwise information into a 2-D spatial spectrum which shows the contribution of streamwise ($\\lambda_x$) and spanwise ($\\lambda_y$) length scales to the streamwise variance at a given wall height ($z$). At low Reynolds numbers, the shape of the 2-D spectra at a constant energy level shows $\\lambda_y/z \\sim (\\lambda_x/z)^{1/2}$ behaviour at larger scales, which is in agreement with the existing literature at a matched Reynolds number obtained from direct numerical simulations. However, at high Reynolds numbers, it is observed that the square-root relationship tends towards a linear relationship ($\\lambda_y \\sim \\lambda_x$) as required for self-similarity and predicted by the attached eddy hypothesis.

Physical parameters of lambda Bootis stars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Solano, E.; Paunzen, E.; Pintado, O. I.; Córdoba; Varela, J.

2001-08-01

This is the first of two papers whose main goal is to update and improve the information available on the physical properties of the lambda Bootis stars. The determination of the stellar parameters is of fundamental importance to shed light into the different theories proposed to explain the lambda Bootis phenomenon. With this aim, projected rotational velocities, effective temperatures, surface gravities and chemical abundances of a sample of suspected lambda Bootis stars have been calculated. Five objects showing composite spectra typical of binary systems were found in our analysis. The abundance distribution of the program stars does not resemble the chemical composition of the class prototype, lambda Boo, which poses some concerns regarding the idea of a well-defined, chemically homogeneous group of stars. A possible relation between rotational velocities and the lambda Bootis phenomenon has been found. This result would be in agreement with the accretion scenario proposed by Turcotte & Charbonneau (\\cite{Turcotte93}). Figure 3 is only available in electronic form at http://www.edpsciences.org

Effects of Spinosad, Imidacloprid, and Lambda-cyhalothrin on Survival, Parasitism, and Reproduction of the Aphid Parasitoid Aphidius colemani.

PubMed

D'Ávila, Vinicius A; Barbosa, Wagner F; Guedes, Raul N C; Cutler, G Christopher

2018-05-28

Insecticides can affect biological control by parasitoids. Here, we examined the lethal and sublethal effects of two conventional insecticides, imidacloprid and lambda-cyhalothrin, and a reduced-risk bioinsecticide, spinosad, on the aphid parasitoid Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Concentration-mortality curves generated from insecticide residue bioassays found that wasps were nearly 20-fold more susceptible to spinosad than imidacloprid and lambda-cyhalothrin. Imidacloprid and lambda-cyhalothrin compromised adult parasitoid longevity, but not as dramatically as spinosad: concentrations >200 ng spinosad/cm2 reduced wasp longevity by half. Imidacloprid and lambda-cyhalothrin also compromised aphid parasitism by wasps. Although increasing imidacloprid concentrations led to increased host viability and reduced progeny production, lambda-cyhalothrin did not affect viability of parasitized hosts or parasitoid progeny production in a dose-dependent manner. Our results demonstrate that reduced risk bioinsecticide products like spinosad can be more toxic to biological control agents than certain conventional insecticides.

Peginterferon Lambda-1a Is Associated with a Low Incidence of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in Chronic Hepatitis C.

PubMed

Fredlund, Paul; Hillson, Jan; Gray, Todd; Shemanski, Lynn; Dimitrova, Dessislava; Srinivasan, Subasree

2015-11-01

Peginterferon alfa (alfa) increases the risk of autoimmune disease. Peginterferon lambda-1a (Lambda) acts through a receptor with a more liver-specific distribution compared to the alfa receptor. In a phase-2b study, 525 treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection received ribavirin and Lambda interferon (120, 180, or 240 μg) or alfa interferon (180 μg) for 24 (genotypes 2 and 3) or 48 (genotypes 1 and 4) weeks. Retrospective analysis found that adverse events of MedDRA-coded thyroid dysfunction and abnormal levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were significantly more frequent with alfa versus Lambda (12% versus 2.6% and 15.2% versus 3.4%, respectively, both P<0.0001). Most Lambda recipients with abnormal TSH had levels below the lower limit of normal; the frequency of low and high TSH was similar in alfa recipients with abnormal TSH. Blinded review by an endocrinologist found that new-onset primary hypothyroidism or painless thyroiditis was less frequent with Lambda versus alfa (0.5% and 1.8% versus 5.3% and 7.5%, respectively, P<0.0001). Most TSH elevations reflected new-onset hypothyroidism requiring treatment, while most markedly suppressed TSH values reflected probable painless thyroiditis and resolved without sequelae. In conclusion, HCV-infected patients treated with Lambda/ribavirin experienced fewer adverse events of thyroid dysfunction compared with patients treated with alfa/ribavirin.

Neutral-strange-particle production in 200-GeV/ c p /. pi. sup + / K sup + interactions on Au, Ag, and Mg

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brick, D.H.; Widgoff, M.; Beilliere, P.

1992-02-01

We have used the Fermilab 30-in. bubble-chamber--hybrid spectrometer to study neutral-strange-particle production in the interactions of 200-GeV/{ital c} protons and {pi}{sup +} and {ital K}{sup +} mesons with nuclei of gold, silver, and magnesium. Average multiplicities and inclusive cross sections for {ital K}{sup 0} and {Lambda} are measured, and a power law is found to give a good description of their {ital A} dependence. The exponent characterizing the {ital A} dependence is consistent with being the same for {ital K}{sup 0} and {Lambda} production, and also the same for proton and {pi}{sup +} beams. Average {ital K}{sup 0} and {Lambda}more » multiplicities, as well as their ratio, have been measured as functions of the numbers of projectile collisions {nu}{sub {ital p}} and secondary collisions {nu}{sub {ital s}} in the nucleus, and indicate that rescattering contributes significantly to enhancement of {Lambda} production but not to {ital K}{sup 0} production. The properties of events with multiple {ital K}{sup 0}'s or {Lambda}'s also corroborate this conclusion. {ital K}{sup 0} rapidities are in the central region and decrease gently with increasing {nu}{sub {ital p}}, while {Lambda} rapidities are in the target-fragmentation region and are independent of {nu}{sub {ital p}}. {ital K}{sup 0} and {Lambda} multiplicities increase with the rapidity loss of the projectile, but their rapidities do not.« less

THERMALLY DRIVEN ATMOSPHERIC ESCAPE: TRANSITION FROM HYDRODYNAMIC TO JEANS ESCAPE

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Volkov, Alexey N.; Johnson, Robert E.; Tucker, Orenthal J.

2011-03-10

Thermally driven escape from planetary atmospheres changes in nature from an organized outflow (hydrodynamic escape) to escape on a molecule-by-molecule basis (Jeans escape) with increasing Jeans parameter, {lambda}, the ratio of the gravitational to thermal energy of the atmospheric molecules. This change is described here for the first time using the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. When heating is predominantly below the lower boundary of the simulation region, R{sub 0}, and well below the exobase of a single-component atmosphere, the nature of the escape process changes over a surprisingly narrow range of Jeans parameters, {lambda}{sub 0}, evaluated at R{sub 0}.more » For an atomic gas, the transition occurs over {lambda}{sub 0} {approx} 2-3, where the lower bound, {lambda}{sub 0} {approx} 2.1, corresponds to the upper limit for isentropic, supersonic outflow. For {lambda}{sub 0} > 3 escape occurs on a molecule-by-molecule basis and we show that, contrary to earlier suggestions, for {lambda}{sub 0} > {approx}6 the escape rate does not deviate significantly from the familiar Jeans rate. In a gas composed of diatomic molecules, the transition shifts to {lambda}{sub 0} {approx} 2.4-3.6 and at {lambda}{sub 0} > {approx}4 the escape rate increases a few tens of percent over that for the monatomic gas. Scaling by the Jeans parameter and the Knudsen number, these results can be applied to thermally induced escape of the major species from solar and extrasolar planets.« less

The use of typed lambda calculus for comprehension and construction of simulation models in the domain of ecology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Uschold, Michael

1992-01-01

We are concerned with two important issues in simulation modelling: model comprehension and model construction. Model comprehension is limited because many important choices taken during the modelling process are not documented. This makes it difficult for models to be modified or used by others. A key factor hindering model construction is the vast modelling search space which must be navigated. This is exacerbated by the fact that many modellers are unfamiliar with the terms and concepts catered to by current tools. The root of both problems is the lack of facilities for representing or reasoning about domain concepts in current simulation technology. The basis for our achievements in both of these areas is the development of a language with two distinct levels; one for representing domain information, and the other for representing the simulation model. Of equal importance, is the fact that we make formal connections between these two levels. The domain we are concerned with is ecological modelling. This language, called Elklogic, is based on the typed lambda calculus. Important features include a rich type structure, the use of various higher order functions, and semantics. This enables complex expressions to be constructed from relatively few primitives. The meaning of each expression can be determined in terms of the domain, the simulation model, or the relationship between the two. We describe a novel representation for sets and substructure, and a variety of other general concepts that are especially useful in the ecological domain. We use the type structure in a novel way: for controlling the modelling search space, rather than a proof search space. We facilitate model comprehension by representing modelling decisions that are embodied in the simulation model. We represent the simulation model separately from, but in terms of a domain mode. The explicit links between the two models constitute the modelling decisions. The semantics of Elklogic enables English text to be generated to explain the simulation model in domain terms.

T(sub lambda) Depression by a Heat Current Along the lambda-Line

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Liu, Yuanming; Larson, Melora; Iraelsson, Ulf E.

1999-01-01

We report measurements of the depression of the superfluid transition temperature by a heat current (1 less than or = Q less than or = 100 microW/sq cm) along the lambda-line (SVP less than or = P less than or = 21.6 bar). At P = 21.6 bar, measurements were also performed in a reduced gravity (0.2g). Experimental results show that the pressure dependence of the depression and the gravity effect on the measurements are small, in qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions. Keywords: superfluid helium; Lambda transition; heat current

Biomechanical stability analysis of the lambda-model controlling one joint.

PubMed

Lan, L; Zhu, K Y

2007-06-01

Computer modeling and control of the human motor system might be helpful for understanding the mechanism of human motor system and for the diagnosis and treatment of neuromuscular disorders. In this paper, a brief view of the equilibrium point hypothesis for human motor system modeling is given, and the lambda-model derived from this hypothesis is studied. The stability of the lambda-model based on equilibrium and Jacobian matrix is investigated. The results obtained in this paper suggest that the lambda-model is stable and has a unique equilibrium point under certain conditions.

Phase correlation of laser waves with arbitrary frequency spacing.

PubMed

Huss, A F; Lammegger, R; Neureiter, C; Korsunsky, E A; Windholz, L

2004-11-26

The theoretically predicted correlation of laser phase fluctuations in Lambda-type interaction schemes is experimentally demonstrated. We show that the mechanism of correlation in a Lambda scheme is restricted to high-frequency noise components, whereas in a double-Lambda scheme, due to the laser phase locking in a closed-loop interaction, it extends to all noise frequencies. In this case the correlation is weakly sensitive to coherence losses. Thus the double-Lambda scheme can be used to correlate electromagnetic fields with carrier frequency differences beyond the GHz regime.

[Extraction of lambda-cyhalothrin from aqueous dioxan solutions].

PubMed

Shormanov, V K; Chigareva, E N; Belousova, O V

2011-01-01

The results of extraction of lambda-cigalotrin from dioxan aqueous solutions by hydrophobic organic solvents are presented. It is shown that the degree of extraction depends on the nature of the extractant, the water to dioxan ratio, and saturation of the water-dioxan layer with the electrolyte. The highest efficiency of lambda-cigalotrin extraction was achieved using chlorophorm as a solvent under desalination conditions. The extraction factor was calculated necessary to obtain the desired amount of lambda-cigalotrin from the water-dioxan solution (4:1) with the help of the extractants being used.

Far-infrared spectrophotometer for astronomical observations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moseley, H.; Silverberg, R. F.

1981-01-01

A liquid-helium-cooled far infrared spectrophotometer was built and used to make low resolution observations of the continua of several kinds of astronomical objects using the Kuiper Airborne Observatory. This instrument fills a gap in both sensitivity to continuum sources and spectral resolution between the broadband photometers with lambda/Delta lambda approximately 1 and spectrometers with lambda/Delta lambda greater than 50. While designed primarily to study planetary nebulae, the instrument permits study of the shape of the continua of many weak sources which cannot easily be observed with high resolution systems.

[Spectral emissivity of thin films].

PubMed

Zhong, D

2001-02-01

In this paper, the contribution of multiple reflections in thin film to the spectral emissivity of thin films of low absorption is discussed. The expression of emissivity of thin films derived here is related to the thin film thickness d and the optical constants n(lambda) and k(lambda). It is shown that in the special case d-->infinity the emissivity of thin films is equivalent to that of the bulk material. Realistic numerical and more precise general numerical results for the dependence of the emissivity on d, n(lambda) and k(lambda) are given.

Short-Term Exposure to Lambda-Cyhalothrin Negatively Affects the Survival and Memory-Related Characteristics of Worker Bees Apis mellifera.

PubMed

Liao, Chun-Hua; He, Xu-Jiang; Wang, Zi-Long; Barron, Andrew B; Zhang, Bo; Zeng, Zhi-Jiang; Wu, Xiao-Bo

2018-07-01

Pesticides are considered one of the major contemporary stressors of honey bee health. In this study, the effects of short-term exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin on lifespan, learning, and memory-related characteristics of Apis mellifera were systematically examined. Short-term exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin in worker bees reduced lifespan, affected learning and memory performance, reduced the homing ability, and influenced the expression levels of two learning and memory-related genes of A. mellifera. This research identifies the nature of the sublethal effects of lambda-cyhalothrin on bees and the level of exposure that can be harmful to bee health. This new information will assist in establishing guidelines for the safe use of lambda-cyhalothrin in the field.

Quantitation of IgG kappa and IgG lambda in the cerebrospinal fluid by sandwich ELISA method.

PubMed

Zeman, David; Kušnierová, Pavlína; Bojková, Jana; Všianský, František; Zapletalová, Olga

2017-01-01

IgG kappa and IgG lambda concentrations were quantified in 96 paired CSF and sera using Hevylite™ antibodies in an in-house developed sandwich ELISA method. In 56 of these samples, the results were compared with a qualitative isoelectric focusing/affinity-mediated immunoblotting assay for oligoclonal IgG kappa and IgG lambda. Normal IgG kappa/lambda ratio in the CSF was the same as in serum. In 19/33 patients with intrathecal oligoclonal IgG synthesis, skewed IgG kappa/lambda ratio was observed (increased in 16 and decreased in 3 cases). The analysis of light chain composition of intrathecally synthesised immunoglobulins could contribute to our understanding of intrathecal humoral immune response, although its diagnostic utility is limited.

Particle-type dependence of azimuthal anisotropy and nuclear modification of particle production in Au+Au collisions at square root of sNN=200 GeV.

PubMed

Adams, J; Adler, C; Aggarwal, M M; Ahammed, Z; Amonett, J; Anderson, B D; Anderson, M; Arkhipkin, D; Averichev, G S; Badyal, S K; Balewski, J; Barannikova, O; Barnby, L S; Baudot, J; Bekele, S; Belaga, V V; Bellwied, R; Berger, J; Bezverkhny, B I; Bhardwaj, S; Bhaskar, P; Bhati, A K; Bichsel, H; Billmeier, A; Bland, L C; Blyth, C O; Bonner, B E; Botje, M; Boucham, A; Brandin, A; Bravar, A; Cadman, R V; Cai, X Z; Caines, H; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, M; Carroll, J; Castillo, J; Castro, M; Cebra, D; Chaloupka, P; Chattopadhyay, S; Chen, H F; Chen, Y; Chernenko, S P; Cherney, M; Chikanian, A; Choi, B; Christie, W; Coffin, J P; Cormier, T M; Cramer, J G; Crawford, H J; Das, D; Das, S; Derevschikov, A A; Didenko, L; Dietel, T; Dong, W J; Dong, X; Draper, J E; Du, F; Dubey, A K; Dunin, V B; Dunlop, J C; Dutta Majumdar, M R; Eckardt, V; Efimov, L G; Emelianov, V; Engelage, J; Eppley, G; Erazmus, B; Estienne, M; Fachini, P; Faine, V; Faivre, J; Fatemi, R; Filimonov, K; Filip, P; Finch, E; Fisyak, Y; Flierl, D; Foley, K J; Fu, J; Gagliardi, C A; Gagunashvili, N; Gans, J; Ganti, M S; Gaudichet, L; Germain, M; Geurts, F; Ghazikhanian, V; Ghosh, P; Gonzalez, J E; Grachov, O; Grigoriev, V; Gronstal, S; Grosnick, D; Guedon, M; Guertin, S M; Gupta, A; Gushin, E; Gutierrez, T D; Hallman, T J; Hardtke, D; Harris, J W; Heinz, M; Henry, T W; Heppelmann, S; Herston, T; Hippolyte, B; Hirsch, A; Hjort, E; Hoffmann, G W; Horsley, M; Huang, H Z; Huang, S L; Humanic, T J; Igo, G; Ishihara, A; Jacobs, P; Jacobs, W W; Janik, M; Jiang, H; Johnson, I; Jones, P G; Judd, E G; Kabana, S; Kaneta, M; Kaplan, M; Keane, D; Khodyrev, V Yu; Kiryluk, J; Kisiel, A; Klay, J; Klein, S R; Klyachko, A; Koetke, D D; Kollegger, T; Kopytine, M; Kotchenda, L; Kovalenko, A D; Kramer, M; Kravtsov, P; Kravtsov, V I; Krueger, K; Kuhn, C; Kulikov, A I; Kumar, A; Kunde, G J; Kunz, C L; Kutuev, R Kh; Kuznetsov, A A; Lamont, M A C; Landgraf, J M; Lange, S; Lansdell, C P; Lasiuk, B; Laue, F; Lauret, J; Lebedev, A; Lednický, R; LeVine, M J; Li, C; Li, Q; Lindenbaum, S J; Lisa, M A; Liu, F; Liu, L; Liu, Z; Liu, Q J; Ljubicic, T; Llope, W J; Long, H; Longacre, R S; Lopez-Noriega, M; Love, W A; Ludlam, T; Lynn, D; Ma, J; Ma, Y G; Magestro, D; Mahajan, S; Mangotra, L K; Mahapatra, D P; Majka, R; Manweiler, R; Margetis, S; Markert, C; Martin, L; Marx, J; Matis, H S; Matulenko, Yu A; McShane, T S; Meissner, F; Melnick, Yu; Meschanin, A; Messer, M; Miller, M L; Milosevich, Z; Minaev, N G; Mironov, C; Mishra, D; Mitchell, J; Mohanty, B; Molnar, L; Moore, C F; Mora-Corral, M J; Morozov, D A; Morozov, V; de Moura, M M; Munhoz, M G; Nandi, B K; Nayak, S K; Nayak, T K; Nelson, J M; Nevski, P; Nikitin, V A; Nogach, L V; Norman, B; Nurushev, S B; Odyniec, G; Ogawa, A; Okorokov, V; Oldenburg, M; Olson, D; Paic, G; Pandey, S U; Pal, S K; Panebratsev, Y; Panitkin, S Y; Pavlinov, A I; Pawlak, T; Perevoztchikov, V; Perkins, C; Peryt, W; Petrov, V A; Phatak, S C; Picha, R; Planinic, M; Pluta, J; Porile, N; Porter, J; Poskanzer, A M; Potekhin, M; Potrebenikova, E; Potukuchi, B V K S; Prindle, D; Pruneau, C; Putschke, J; Rai, G; Rakness, G; Raniwala, R; Raniwala, S; Ravel, O; Ray, R L; Razin, S V; Reichhold, D; Reid, J G; Renault, G; Retiere, F; Ridiger, A; Ritter, H G; Roberts, J B; Rogachevski, O V; Romero, J L; Rose, A; Roy, C; Ruan, L J; Sahoo, R; Sakrejda, I; Salur, S; Sandweiss, J; Savin, I; Schambach, J; Scharenberg, R P; Schmitz, N; Schroeder, L S; Schweda, K; Seger, J; Seliverstov, D; Seyboth, P; Shahaliev, E; Shao, M; Sharma, M; Shestermanov, K E; Shimanskii, S S; Singaraju, R N; Simon, F; Skoro, G; Smirnov, N; Snellings, R; Sood, G; Sorensen, P; Sowinski, J; Spinka, H M; Srivastava, B; Stanislaus, S; Stock, R; Stolpovsky, A; Strikhanov, M; Stringfellow, B; Struck, C; Suaide, A A P; Sugarbaker, E; Suire, C; Sumbera, M; Surrow, B; Symons, T J M; de Toledo, A Szanto; Szarwas, P; Tai, A; Takahashi, J; Tang, A H; Thein, D; Thomas, J H; Tikhomirov, V; Tokarev, M; Tonjes, M B; Trainor, T A; Trentalange, S; Tribble, R E; Trivedi, M D; Trofimov, V; Tsai, O; Ullrich, T; Underwood, D G; Van Buren, G; VanderMolen, A M; Vasiliev, A N; Vasiliev, M; Vigdor, S E; Viyogi, Y P; Voloshin, S A; Waggoner, W; Wang, F; Wang, G; Wang, X L; Wang, Z M; Ward, H; Watson, J W; Wells, R; Westfall, G D; Whitten, C; Wieman, H; Willson, R; Wissink, S W; Witt, R; Wood, J; Wu, J; Xu, N; Xu, Z; Xu, Z Z; Yamamoto, E; Yepes, P; Yurevich, V I; Zanevski, Y V; Zborovský, I; Zhang, H; Zhang, W M; Zhang, Z P; Zołnierczuk, P A; Zoulkarneev, R; Zoulkarneeva, J; Zubarev, A N

2004-02-06

We present STAR measurements of the azimuthal anisotropy parameter v(2) and the binary-collision scaled centrality ratio R(CP) for kaons and lambdas (Lambda+Lambda) at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at square root of s(NN)=200 GeV. In combination, the v(2) and R(CP) particle-type dependencies contradict expectations from partonic energy loss followed by standard fragmentation in vacuum. We establish p(T) approximately 5 GeV/c as the value where the centrality dependent baryon enhancement ends. The K(0)(S) and Lambda+Lambda v(2) values are consistent with expectations of constituent-quark-number scaling from models of hadron formation by parton coalescence or recombination.

Diffractive centrosymmetric 3D-transmission phase gratings positioned at the image plane of optical systems transform lightlike 4D-WORLD as tunable resonators into spectral metrics...

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lauinger, Norbert

1999-08-01

Diffractive 3D phase gratings of spherical scatterers dense in hexagonal packing geometry represent adaptively tunable 4D-spatiotemporal filters with trichromatic resonance in visible spectrum. They are described in the (lambda) - chromatic and the reciprocal (nu) -aspects by reciprocal geometric translations of the lightlike Pythagoras theorem, and by the direction cosine for double cones. The most elementary resonance condition in the lightlike Pythagoras theorem is given by the transformation of the grating constants gx, gy, gz of the hexagonal 3D grating to (lambda) h1h2h3 equals (lambda) 111 with cos (alpha) equals 0.5. Through normalization of the chromaticity in the von Laue-interferences to (lambda) 111, the (nu) (lambda) equals (lambda) h1h2h3/(lambda) 111-factor of phase velocity becomes the crucial resonance factor, the 'regulating device' of the spatiotemporal interaction between 3D grating and light, space and time. In the reciprocal space equal/unequal weights and times in spectral metrics result at positions of interference maxima defined by hyperbolas and circles. A database becomes built up by optical interference for trichromatic image preprocessing, motion detection in vector space, multiple range data analysis, patchwide multiple correlations in the spatial frequency spectrum, etc.

Ion Viscosity Mediated by Tangled Magnetic Fields: An Application to Black Hole Accretion Disks

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Subramanian, Prasad; Becker, Peter A.; Kafatos, Menas

1996-01-01

We examine the viscosity associated with the shear stress exerted by ions in the presence of a tangled magnetic field. As an application, we consider the effect of this mechanism on the structure of black hole accretion disks. We do not attempt to include a self-consistent description of the magnetic field. Instead, we assume the existence of a tangled field with coherence length lambda(sub coh), which is the average distance between the magnetic 'kinks' that scatter the particles. For simplicity, we assume that the field is self-similar, and take lambda(sub coh) to be a fixed fraction zeta of the local disk height H. Ion viscosity in the presence of magnetic fields is generally taken to be the cross-field viscosity, wherein the effective mean free path is the ion Larmor radius lambda(sub L), which is much less than the ion-ion Coulomb mean free path A(sub ii) in hot accretion disks. However, we arrive at a formulation for a 'hybrid' viscosity in which the tangled magnetic field acts as an intermediary in the transfer of momentum between different layers in the shear flow. The hybrid viscosity greatly exceeds the standard cross-field viscosity when (lambda/lambda(sub L)) much greater than (lambda(sub L)/lambda(sub ii)), where lambda = ((lambda(sub ii)(sup -1) + lambda(sub (coh)(sup -1))(sup -1) is the effective mean free path for the ions. This inequality is well satisfied in hot accretion disks, which suggests that the ions may play a much larger role in the momentum transfer process in the presence of magnetic fields than was previously thought. The effect of the hybrid viscosity on the structure of a steady-state, two-temperature, quasi-Keplerian accretion disk is analyzed. The hybrid viscosity is influenced by the degree to which the magnetic field is tangled (represented by zeta = lambda(sub coh)), and also by the relative accretion rate M/M(sub E), where M(sub E) = L(sub E)/c(sup 2) and L(sub E) is the Eddington luminosity. We find that ion viscosity in the presence of magnetic fields (hybrid viscosity) can dominate over conventional magnetic viscosity for fields that are tangled on sufficiently small scales.

Peginterferon Lambda-1a/Ribavirin with Daclatasvir or Peginterferon Alfa-2a/Ribavirin with Telaprevir for Chronic Hepatitis C Genotype 1b.

PubMed

Flisiak, Robert; Kawazoe, Seiji; Znoyko, Olga; Assy, Nimer; Gadano, Adrian; Kao, Jia-Horng; Lee, Kwan-Sik; Zwirtes, Ricardo; Portsmouth, Simon; Dong, Yuping; Xu, Dong; Kumada, Hiromitsu; Srinivasan, Subasree

2016-11-01

The study objective was to compare the efficacy and safety of peginterferon lambda-1a combined with ribavirin/daclatasvir (Lambda/RBV/DCV), versus peginterferon alfa-2a combined with ribavirin/telaprevir (Alfa/RBV/TVR), in patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), genotype 1b. This was a prospective, randomized, open-label, phase 3 study (NCT01718158) in adults (aged ≥18 years) who were treatment naïve or prior relapsers to peginterferon alfa/ribavirin therapy. The primary endpoint was sustained virologic response at post-treatment follow-up week 12 (SVR12). Patients were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive 24 weeks of Lambda/RBV/DCV or response-guided 24 or 48 weeks of Alfa/RBV/TVR. Overall, 440 patients were treated (294 with Lambda/RBV/DCV; 146 with Alfa/RBV/TVR). The proportion of patients achieving SVR12 was 88.8% in the Lambda/RBV/DCV arm and 70.5% in the Alfa/RBV/TVR arm (difference between arms: 18.3%; 95% confidence interval: 9.9-25.7; P < 0.0001). Patients in the Lambda/RBV/DCV group had fewer rash-related adverse events (AEs), cytopenic abnormalities, flu-like symptoms, serious AEs, and discontinuations due to AEs, but more liver abnormalities than those in the Alfa/RBV/TVR group. In conclusion, treatment with Lambda/RBV/DCV led to higher SVR12 rates and a more favorable safety profile than Alfa/RBV/TVR in patients with chronic HCV, genotype 1b infection.

Narrow-line region kinematics in Seyfert nuclei

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moore, David J.

1994-01-01

We present results of a study of narrow-line region (NLR) kinematics in Seyfert nuclei. This study has involved extensive modeling which includes collimated emission, radially dependent rotation and turbulence, explicit photoionization calculations, realistic treatments of both internal and external obscuration, and allows for gradients in the electron density and the radial velocity of clouds throughout the NLR. Line profiles of (O II) lambda 3727, (Ne III) lambda 3869, (O III) lambda 5007, (Fe VII) lambda 6087, (Fe X) lambda 6374, (O I) lambda 6300, H alpha lambda 6563, and (S II) lambda 6731 are calculated for a wide range of physical conditions throughout the NLR. The model profiles are compared with line profiles derived from data taken with the Mount Palomar 5 m Hale Telescope as well as from profiles taken from the literature. The scenario in agreement with the largest of observational considerations consists of clouds which are accelerating outward with v varies as square root of r (i.e., constant force) and ne varies as 1/r2. The cloud start out at the inner NLR radium with ne approximately equal to 106/cu cm and with a very large column density (1023 - 10(exp 24/sq cm). These clouds are uniformly accelerated from a few tens of km/sec to approximately less than 1,000 km/sec. When the clouds reached the outer NLR radius, they have ne approximately greater than 102/cu cm and a column density of 1021-1022/sq cm. The clouds maintain an ionization parameter of about 0.3 throughout the NLR.

Data bank of optical properties of biological tissue and blood in the visible and near infrared spectral region

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khairullina, Alphiya Y.; Bui, Lilia; Oleinik, Tatiana V.; Artishevsky, Nelli; Prigoun, Natalia; Sevkovsky, Jakov; Mokhort, Tatiana

1996-12-01

The data bank contains optical, ordinary biochemical and biophysical information on 120 venous blood samples of donors, healthy persons, patients with high pathology, 60 tissue samples. The optical parameters include diffuse reflection R((lambda) ) and transmission T((lambda) ) coefficients for optically thick layers, the absorption K((lambda) ) and extinction (epsilon) ((lambda) ) spectra, oxygenation degree CO2, parameter p determined by sizes and shapes of cells and their aggregates, refractive index of a disperse phase relative to surrounding media, and cooperative effects at high relative concentration. The peculiarities in absorption K((lambda) spectra are connected with different pathologies. It is shown from K((lambda) ) that the grade of pathology connected with the concentration of hemoglobin and mithohondrion together with oxygenation degree of blood and tissues, with the pathological hemoglobin's forms and its decomposition products of different levels. Parameter p is an important diagnostic parameter. We consider that it is necessary to include the oxygenation degree and erythrocyte's aggregation parameter to extend the range of common diagnostic parameters of blood by the first rota.

Approaches for the direct estimation of lambda, and demographic contributions to lambda, using capture-recapture data

USGS Publications Warehouse

Nichols, J.D.; Hines, J.E.

2002-01-01

We first consider the estimation of the finite rate of population increase or population growth rate, lambda sub i, using capture-recapture data from open populations. We review estimation and modelling of lambda sub i under three main approaches to modelling open-population data: the classic approach of Jolly (1965) and Seber (1965), the superpopulation approach of Crosbie & Manly (1985) and Schwarz & Arnason (1996), and the temporal symmetry approach of Pradel (1996). Next, we consider the contributions of different demographic components to lambda sub i using a probabilistic approach based on the composition of the population at time i + 1 (Nichols et al., 2000b). The parameters of interest are identical to the seniority parameters, gamma sub i, of Pradel (1996). We review estimation of gamma sub i under the classic, superpopulation, and temporal symmetry approaches. We then compare these direct estimation approaches for lambda sub i and gamma sub i with analogues computed using projection matrix asymptotics. We also discuss various extensions of the estimation approaches to multistate applications and to joint likelihoods involving multiple data types.

Solar Electromagnetic Radiation Study for Solar Cycle 22: Solar Ultraviolet Irradiance, 120 to 300 NM: Report of Working Groups 2 and 3 of SOLERS 22

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rottman, G. J.; Cebula, R. P.; Gillotay, D.; Simon, P. A.

1996-01-01

This report summarizes the activities of Working Group 2 and Working Group 3 of the SOLax Electromagnetic Radiation Study for Solar Cycle 22 (SOLERS22) Program. The international (SOLERS22) is Project 1.2 of the Solar-Terrestrial Energy Program (STEP) sponsored by SCOSTEP, a committee of the International Council of Scientific Unions). SOLERS22 is comprised of five Working Groups, each concentrating on a specific wave-length range: WG-1 - visible and infrared, WG-2 - mid-ultraviolet (200 < A < 300 nm), WG-3 - Far-ultraviolet (lambda greater than 100 and lambda less than 200 nanometers), WG-4 - extreme-ultraviolet (lambda greater than 10 and lambda less than 100 nm), and WG-5 - X-ray (lambda greater than 1 and lambda less than 10 nano meters). The overarching goals of SOLERS22 are to: 1) establish daily solar irradiance values in the specified wavelength ranges, 2) consider the evolving solar structures as the cause of temporal variations, and 3) understand the underlying physical processes driving these changes.

[Determination of lambda-cyhalothrin residue tea and soil using gas chromatography].

PubMed

Chen, Linglong; Chen, Jiuxing; Ma, Ming; Chen, Lihua; Yang, Hui; Zhang, Guiqun

2010-08-01

A gas chromatographic (GC) method was established for the determination of lambda-cyhalothrin residue in tea and soil. Tea and soil samples were extracted with hexane, separated by capillary column and determined by gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD). The average recoveries of lambda-cyhalothrin in tea and soil were 89.0% - 94.1% and 89.8% - 94.7%, respectively at the spiking levels of 0.02 to 2.00 mg/kg. The corresponding relative standard deviations (RSDs, n = 5) were 3.0% -4.9% and 2.5% -4.2%, respectively. The limit of detection (S/N = 3) was 0.002 mg/kg for lambda-cyhalothrin. The degradations of 2.5% lambda-cyhalothrin microemulsion in tea and soil in Changsha, Hunan were investigated and the degradation equations were Y = 3.199 6e(-0.339 4x) and Y = 0.122 4e(-0.103 6x) with the correlation coefficients of 0.995 6 and 0.924 7, respectively. The half-lives of lambda-cyhalothrin in tea and soil were 2.04 days and 6.69 days, respectively.

An {alpha}-cluster model for {sub {Lambda}}{sup 9}Be spectroscopy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Filikhin, I. N., E-mail: ifilikhin@nccu.edu; Suslov, V. M.; Vlahovic, B.

An {alpha}-cluster model is applied to study low-lying spectrum of the {sub {Lambda}}{sup 9}Be hypernucleus. The three-body {alpha}{alpha}{Lambda} problem is numerically solved by the Faddeev equations in configuration space using phenomenological pair potentials. We found a set of the potentials that reproduces experimental data for the ground state (1/2{sup +}) binding energy and excitation energy of the 5/2{sup +} and 3/2{sup +} states, simultaneously. This set includes the Ali-Bodmer potential of the version 'e' for {alpha}{alpha} and modified Tang-Herndon potential for {alpha}{Lambda} interactions. The spin-orbit {alpha}{Lambda} interaction is given by modified Scheerbaum potential. Low-lying energy levels are evaluated applying amore » variant of the analytical continuation method in the coupling constant. It is shown that the spectral properties of {sub {Lambda}}{sup 9}Be can be classified as an analog of {sup 9}Be spectrum with the exception of several 'genuine hypernuclear states'. This agrees qualitatively with previous studies. The results are compared with experimental data and new interpretation of the spectral structure is discussed.« less

A nonmonotonic dependence of standard rate constant on reorganization energy for heterogeneous electron transfer processes on electrode surface

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xu Weilin; Li Songtao; Zhou Xiaochun

2006-05-07

In the present work a nonmonotonic dependence of standard rate constant (k{sup 0}) on reorganization energy ({lambda}) was discovered qualitatively from electron transfer (Marcus-Hush-Levich) theory for heterogeneous electron transfer processes on electrode surface. It was found that the nonmonotonic dependence of k{sup 0} on {lambda} is another result, besides the disappearance of the famous Marcus inverted region, coming from the continuum of electronic states in electrode: with the increase of {lambda}, the states for both Process I and Process II ET processes all vary from nonadiabatic to adiabatic state continuously, and the {lambda} dependence of k{sup 0} for Process Imore » is monotonic thoroughly, while for Process II on electrode surface the {lambda} dependence of k{sup 0} could show a nonmonotonicity.« less

Site-specificity of abnormal excision: the mechanism of formation of a specialized transducing bacteriophage lambda plac5.

PubMed Central

Shpakovski, G V; Berlin, Y A

1984-01-01

Molecular mechanism of the specialized transducing bacteriophage lambda plac5 formation has been studied. Phage-bacterial DNA junctions in lambda plac5 DNA are localized and primary structure of regions of the abnormal excisional recombination leading to the phage formation is elucidated; the crossover region proved to be comparable with the central part of attP and attB sites (the core and the adjacent tetranucleotide) in length and degree of homology. Bacterial insert in lambda plac5 DNA is shown to end immediately after Z-Y spacer, the DNA not containing lacY gene segments. The data obtained led to the conclusion of site-specific (homologous) character of abnormal excision upon formation of lambda transducing bacteriophages. Possible mechanisms of the excision are discussed. Images PMID:6091038

Differential Photoproduction Cross Sections of the Sigma0(1385), Lambda(1405), and Lambda(1520)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Moriya, Kei; Schumacher, Reinhard A.

2013-10-01

We report the exclusive photoproduction cross sections for the Sigma(1385), Lambda(1405), and Lambda(1520) in the reactions gamma + p -> K+ + Y* using the CLAS detector for energies from near the respective production thresholds up to a center-of-mass energy W of 2.85 GeV. The differential cross sections are integrated to give the total exclusive cross sections for each hyperon. Comparisons are made to current theoretical models based on the effective Lagrangian approach and fitted to previous data. The accuracy of these models is seen to vary widely. The cross sections for the Lambda(1405) region are strikingly different for themore » Sigma+pi-, Sigma0 pi0, and Sigma- pi+ decay channels, indicating the effect of isospin interference, especially at W values close to the threshold.« less

The lambda sign: a new radiographic indicator of latent syndesmosis instability.

PubMed

Ryan, Ltc Paul; Hills, Maj Chad; Chang, James; Wilson, Cpt David

2014-09-01

Latent syndesmotic instability is a common cause of chronic ankle pain. The diagnosis is not readily apparent on static imaging as the fibula remains reduced. The hypothesis of this study was that a previously undescribed novel finding on coronal MRI (lambda sign) is an independent indicator of latent syndesmosis instability. We also report on the utility of classic radiographic and physical exam findings. A total of 23 patients with latent syndesmotic instability diagnosed via arthroscopy (group I) were compared to a cohort of 40 patients who were found to have a stable syndesmosis during arthroscopy for unrelated conditions (group II). A retrospective chart review was performed evaluating their clinical history, preoperative physical examination, and radiologic findings. The lambda sign is a high intensity signal seen on coronal MR imaging that resembles the Greek letter lambda. All of the physical exam findings tested were statistically significant. Pain at the syndesmosis had the highest sensitivity (83%), while pain reproduced with the proximal squeeze test resulted in the highest specificity (89%). The external rotation stress test had the highest positive predictive value (75%). Of the radiographic examinations performed, only the lambda sign was found to have statistical significance with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 63%. The presence of a lambda sign on the MRI of patients with physical exam findings suggestive of syndesmotic pain was highly sensitive (75%) and specific (85%). The lambda sign noted on the coronal MRI was both sensitive and specific for injuries involving greater than 2 mm of diastasis on arthroscopic stress examination of the syndesmosis. While neither the lambda sign nor any other finding on physical or radiographic examination represented an independent predictor of syndesmotic instability, the presence of a lambda sign in concert with positive physical exam findings might help health care providers determine which patients might benefit from operative intervention or referral. Level III, case control study. © The Author(s) 2014.

A reanalysis of the SWP-HI IUE observations of Capella

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wood, Brian E.; Ayres, T. R.

1995-01-01

We have reanalyzed the numerous high-resolution, far-ultraviolet observations of Capella made by the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) in its 16 yr lifetime. Our purpose was to search for long-term profile variations in Capella's ultraviolet emission lines and to complement the analysis of Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS) observations of Capella, discussed in a companion paper (Linsky et al. 1995). We implemented a state-of-the-art photometric correction and spectral extraction procedure to improve S/N and control potential sources for systematic errors. Nevertheless, we were unable to find compelling evidence for any significant long-term profile variations. Previous work has shown that the G8 primary star is only a minor contributor to the high-excitation transition region lines but is a significant contributor to the low-excitation chromospheric lines. We have found exceptions to this rule, however. We find that the G8 star is responsible for a significant portion of Capella's N V lambda lambda 1239, 1243 emission, but is not a large contributor to the S I lambda 1296, Cl I lambda 1352, and O lambda 1356 lines. We suggest possible explanations for these behaviors. We also find evidence that the He II lambda 1640 emission from the G1 star is from the transition region, while the He II lambda 1640 emission from the G8 star is chromospheric, consistent with the findings of Linsky et al. (1994). The C II lambda 1336 line shows a weak central reversal. It is blueshifted by about 9 km/s with respect to the centroid of the emission from the G1 star. While the central reversal of the C II line is blueshifted by about 9 km/s with respect to the centroid of the emission from the G1 star. While the central reversal of the C II line is blueshifted, the central reversal of the Si III lambda 1207 line discussed by Linsky et al. (1994) is not.

Ultraviolet Broad Absorption Features and the Spectral Energy Distribution of the QSO PG 1351+64. 3.1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zheng, W.; Kriss, G. A.; Wang, J. X.; Brotherton, M.; Oegerle, W. R.; Blair, W. P.; Davidsen, A. F.; Green, R. F.; Hutchings, J. B.; Kaiser, M. E.;

Ultraviolet Broad Absorption Features and the Spectral Energy Distribution of the QSO PG 1351+641. 2.5

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zheng, W.; Kriss, G. A.; Wang, J. X.; Brotherton, M.; Oegerle, W. R.; Blair, W. P.; Davidsen, A. F.; Green, R. F.; Hutchings, J. B.; Kaiser, M. E.;

Kwaliteit van Expertsystemen: Algoritmen voor Integriteits-Controle (Quality of Expert Systems: Algorithms for Integrity Control)

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-03-01

Dist~i~ Ulnre rbu~ on Una o~d0 9 ~ j 2 0 0 TNO rapport Pagina rappon no. .FEL-89-A312 f"It Kwaliteit van Expertsystemen: Algoritmen voor Integriteits...KNOWLEDGEBASE 7 2.1 Inleiding 7 2.2 Een uitbreiding op NIAM: E(xtended)NIAM 8 2.3 Specificatie in E(xtended)NIAM 11 2.4 Representatie in Prolog 13 3...instantiatie van cen ThO rapport Pagina 9 ’graph’ is gelijk aan ten propositie (ean uitspraak over dea werkelijkheid). ’Graph’- instantiaties zijn

One-particle inclusive and semi-inclusive spectra of. lambda. hyperons in p-barp interactions at 32 GeV/c

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bogolyubskii-breve, M.Y.; Vinitskii-breve, A.A.; Ermolov, P.F.

1986-05-01

Inclusive and semi-inclusive ..lambda..-hyperon spectra in p-barp interactions at 32 GeV/c are presented. The processes whereby ..lambda.. hyperons are produced in various channels are analyzed by comparison with the predictions of the Lund model and with dual-topological-unitarization (DTU)-based models. The ..lambda..-hyperon characteristics differ from those predicted in the Lund model. The main cause of the differences is that multiple production of particles is represented in this model in terms of breaking of one string, thereby excluding correlation effects between the vertices.

Kato type operators and Weyl's theorem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Duggal, B. P.; Djordjevic, S. V.; Kubrusly, Carlos

2005-09-01

A Banach space operator T satisfies Weyl's theorem if and only if T or T* has SVEP at all complex numbers [lambda] in the complement of the Weyl spectrum of T and T is Kato type at all [lambda] which are isolated eigenvalues of T of finite algebraic multiplicity. If T* (respectively, T) has SVEP and T is Kato type at all [lambda] which are isolated eigenvalues of T of finite algebraic multiplicity (respectively, T is Kato type at all [lambda][set membership, variant]iso[sigma](T)), then T satisfies a-Weyl's theorem (respectively, T* satisfies a-Weyl's theorem).

Assessments of fluid friction factors for use in leak rate calculations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chivers, T.C.

1997-04-01

Leak before Break procedures require estimates of leakage, and these in turn need fluid friction to be assessed. In this paper available data on flow rates through idealized and real crack geometries are reviewed in terms of a single friction factor k It is shown that for {lambda} < 1 flow rates can be bounded using correlations in terms of surface R{sub a} values. For {lambda} > 1 the database is less precise, but {lambda} {approx} 4 is an upper bound, hence in this region flow calculations can be assessed using 1 < {lambda} < 4.

Geometrical interpretation for the outer SU(3) outer multiplicity label

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Draayer, Jerry P.; Troltenier, D.

1995-01-01

A geometrical interpretation for the outer multiplicity rho that occurs in a reduction of the product of two SU(3) representations, (lambda(sub pi), mu(sub pi)) x (lambda(sub nu), mu(sub nu)) approaches sigma(sub rho)(lambda, mu)(sub rho), is introduced. This coupling of proton (pi) and neutron (nu) representations arises, for example, in both boson and fermion descriptions of heavy deformed nuclei. Attributing a geometry to the coupling raises the possibility of introducing a simple interaction that provides a physically meaningful way for distinguishing multiple occurrences of (lambda, mu) values that can arise in such products.

Interpretation Difficulties of Serum Immunofixation Test in Immunoglobulin D Multiple Myeloma with Hidden Lambda Light Chains.

PubMed

Biaz, A; Uwingabiye, J; Rachid, A; Dami, A; Bouhsain, S; Ouzzif, Z; Idrissi, S El Machtani

2018-06-01

We report a case of immunoglobulin (Ig) D myeloma with hidden lambda light chains in a patient whose immunofixation test was very difficult to interpret: the IgD reacts with the anti-δ heavy chain antiserum but does not react with anti-lambda antiserum. The band in the D heavy chain lane is unmatched in light chain lanes and the band in lambda light chain lane migrates higher. To distinguish between heavy chain disease and immunoglobulin with "hidden" light chains, the sample was exposed to a very high concentration of anti-lambda and anti-kappa antisera for 48 hours. The serum immunofixation test of the sample treated with anti-lambda showed a decrease in the intensity of the band corresponding to D heavy chain lane as well as the modification of its mobility confirming the presence of IgD with the hidden lambda light chains. The IgD myeloma with hidden light chains remains a rare entity, hence the interest of sensitizing health professionals to be vigilant and ensure a good diagnosis. The proposed technique is useful, simple, reliable, and less laborious than those previous reported in the literature. Medical laboratories using Sebia-Hydrasys® system should be aware of the described phenomenon in order to avoid identifying an IgD myeloma as a delta heavy chain disease.

Perturbation theory corrections to the two-particle reduced density matrix variational method.

PubMed

Juhasz, Tamas; Mazziotti, David A

2004-07-15

In the variational 2-particle-reduced-density-matrix (2-RDM) method, the ground-state energy is minimized with respect to the 2-particle reduced density matrix, constrained by N-representability conditions. Consider the N-electron Hamiltonian H(lambda) as a function of the parameter lambda where we recover the Fock Hamiltonian at lambda=0 and we recover the fully correlated Hamiltonian at lambda=1. We explore using the accuracy of perturbation theory at small lambda to correct the 2-RDM variational energies at lambda=1 where the Hamiltonian represents correlated atoms and molecules. A key assumption in the correction is that the 2-RDM method will capture a fairly constant percentage of the correlation energy for lambda in (0,1] because the nonperturbative 2-RDM approach depends more significantly upon the nature rather than the strength of the two-body Hamiltonian interaction. For a variety of molecules we observe that this correction improves the 2-RDM energies in the equilibrium bonding region, while the 2-RDM energies at stretched or nearly dissociated geometries, already highly accurate, are not significantly changed. At equilibrium geometries the corrected 2-RDM energies are similar in accuracy to those from coupled-cluster singles and doubles (CCSD), but at nonequilibrium geometries the 2-RDM energies are often dramatically more accurate as shown in the bond stretching and dissociation data for water and nitrogen. (c) 2004 American Institute of Physics.

A comparison of the fate and effects of two pyrethroid insecticides (lambda-cyhalothrin and cypermethrin) in pond mesocosms.

PubMed

Farmer, D; Hill, I R; Maund, S J

1995-08-01

: The fate and effects of two pyrethroid insecticides (lambda-cyhalothrin and cypermethrin) were investigated in replicated 25 m(3) pond mesocosms. Three pesticide treatments which simulated spray drift deposition were examined: 0.7 g a.i. ha(-1) cypermethrin and 0.17 and 1.7 g a.i. ha(-1) lambda-cyhalothrin. Based on the use rate and pesticidal activity of the chemicals, the cypermethrin and lower lambda-cyhalothrin rates were approximately equivalent. After applications, pyrethroid residues in the water column declined rapidly. Treatment-related effects were observed on some macroinvertebrate taxa, most notably the Asellidae and Gammaridae. Surfacedwelling insects also suffered initial knock-down, particularly in the 1.7 g a.i. ha(-1) lambda-cyhalothrin treatment, but there was recovery after the spray period. No adverse effects occurred on algae, macrophytes or zooplankton, but there were occasional enhancements (e.g. algal biomass and abundances of copepod nauplii and Rotifera) which may have been indirect effects. An overall comparison of the treatments indicated that the higher lambda-cyhalothrin rate had the greatest effects, whilst the cypermethrin application had a somewhat greater impact than the lower lambda-cyhalothrin treatment rate (due to effects on peracarid crustaceans). The study indicated that should spray drift occur at the levels expected for either pyrethroid's normal use patterns, potential impacts on natural aquatic ecosystems would be minor and transient.

Statistical Considerations in Choosing a Test Reliability Coefficient. ACT Research Report Series, 2012 (10)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Woodruff, David; Wu, Yi-Fang

2012-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate alpha's robustness and usefulness, using actual and simulated educational test data. The sampling properties of alpha are compared with the sampling properties of several other reliability coefficients: Guttman's lambda[subscript 2], lambda[subscript 4], and lambda[subscript 6]; test-retest reliability;…

Significant Differences in Physicochemical Properties of Human Immunoglobulin Kappa and Lambda CDR3 Regions.

PubMed

Townsend, Catherine L; Laffy, Julie M J; Wu, Yu-Chang Bryan; Silva O'Hare, Joselli; Martin, Victoria; Kipling, David; Fraternali, Franca; Dunn-Walters, Deborah K

2016-01-01

Antibody variable regions are composed of a heavy and a light chain, and in humans, there are two light chain isotypes: kappa and lambda. Despite their importance in receptor editing, the light chain is often overlooked in the antibody literature, with the focus being on the heavy chain complementarity-determining region (CDR)-H3 region. In this paper, we set out to investigate the physicochemical and structural differences between human kappa and lambda light chain CDR regions. We constructed a dataset containing over 29,000 light chain variable region sequences from IgM-transcribing, newly formed B cells isolated from human bone marrow and peripheral blood. We also used a published human naïve dataset to investigate the CDR-H3 properties of heavy chains paired with kappa and lambda light chains and probed the Protein Data Bank to investigate the structural differences between kappa and lambda antibody CDR regions. We found that kappa and lambda light chains have very different CDR physicochemical and structural properties, whereas the heavy chains with which they are paired do not differ significantly. We also observed that the mean CDR3 N nucleotide addition in the kappa, lambda, and heavy chain gene rearrangements are correlated within donors but can differ between donors. This indicates that terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase may work with differing efficiencies between different people but the same efficiency in the different classes of immunoglobulin chain within one person. We have observed large differences in the physicochemical and structural properties of kappa and lambda light chain CDR regions. This may reflect different roles in the humoral immune response.

The pharmacokinetics of peginterferon lambda-1a following single dose administration to subjects with impaired renal function.

PubMed

Hruska, Matthew W; Adamczyk, Robert; Colston, Elizabeth; Hesney, Michael; Stonier, Michele; Myler, Heather; Bertz, Richard

2015-09-01

This open label study was conducted to assess the effect of renal impairment (RI) on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of peginterferon lambda-1a (Lambda). Subjects (age 18-75 years, BMI 18-35 kg m(-2) ) were enrolled into one of five renal function groups: normal (n = 12), mild RI (n = 8), moderate RI (n = 8), severe RI (n = 7), end-stage renal disease (ESRD, n = 8) based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation. Subjects received a single dose of Lambda (180 µg) subcutaneously on day 1 followed by PK serum sample collections through day 29. Safety, tolerability and immunogenicity data were collected through day 43. PK parameters were estimated and summarized by group. Geometric mean ratios (GMR) and 90% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated between normal and RI groups. With decreasing eGFR, Lambda exposure (Cmax , AUC) increased while apparent clearance (CL/F) and apparent volume of distribution (V/F) decreased. Relative to subjects with normal renal function (geometric mean AUC = 99.5 ng ml(-1) h), Lambda exposure estimates (AUC) were slightly increased in the mild RI group (geometric mean [90% CI]: 1.20 [0.82, 1.77]) and greater in the moderate (1.95 [1.35, 2.83]), severe RI (1.95 [1.30, 2.93]) and ESRD (1.88 [1.30, 2.73]) groups. Lambda was generally well tolerated. The results demonstrated that RI reduces the clearance of Lambda and suggests that dose modifications may not be required in patients with mild RI but may be required in patients with moderate to severe RI or ESRD. © 2015 The British Pharmacological Society.

Significant Differences in Physicochemical Properties of Human Immunoglobulin Kappa and Lambda CDR3 Regions

PubMed Central

Townsend, Catherine L.; Laffy, Julie M. J.; Wu, Yu-Chang Bryan; Silva O’Hare, Joselli; Martin, Victoria; Kipling, David; Fraternali, Franca; Dunn-Walters, Deborah K.

2016-01-01

Antibody variable regions are composed of a heavy and a light chain, and in humans, there are two light chain isotypes: kappa and lambda. Despite their importance in receptor editing, the light chain is often overlooked in the antibody literature, with the focus being on the heavy chain complementarity-determining region (CDR)-H3 region. In this paper, we set out to investigate the physicochemical and structural differences between human kappa and lambda light chain CDR regions. We constructed a dataset containing over 29,000 light chain variable region sequences from IgM-transcribing, newly formed B cells isolated from human bone marrow and peripheral blood. We also used a published human naïve dataset to investigate the CDR-H3 properties of heavy chains paired with kappa and lambda light chains and probed the Protein Data Bank to investigate the structural differences between kappa and lambda antibody CDR regions. We found that kappa and lambda light chains have very different CDR physicochemical and structural properties, whereas the heavy chains with which they are paired do not differ significantly. We also observed that the mean CDR3 N nucleotide addition in the kappa, lambda, and heavy chain gene rearrangements are correlated within donors but can differ between donors. This indicates that terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase may work with differing efficiencies between different people but the same efficiency in the different classes of immunoglobulin chain within one person. We have observed large differences in the physicochemical and structural properties of kappa and lambda light chain CDR regions. This may reflect different roles in the humoral immune response. PMID:27729912

Fluorescence spectroscopy for rapid detection and classification of bacterial pathogens.

PubMed

Sohn, Miryeong; Himmelsbach, David S; Barton, Franklin E; Fedorka-Cray, Paula J

2009-11-01

This study deals with the rapid detection and differentiation of Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Campylobacter, which are the most commonly identified commensal and pathogenic bacteria in foods, using fluorescence spectroscopy and multivariate analysis. Each bacterial sample cultured under controlled conditions was diluted in physiologic saline for analysis. Fluorescence spectra were collected over a range of 200-700 nm with 0.5 nm intervals on the PerkinElmer Fluorescence Spectrometer. The synchronous scan technique was employed to find the optimum excitation (lambda(ex)) and emission (lambda(em)) wavelengths for individual bacteria with the wavelength interval (Deltalambda) being varied from 10 to 200 nm. The synchronous spectra and two-dimensional plots showed two maximum lambda(ex) values at 225 nm and 280 nm and one maximum lambda(em) at 335-345 nm (lambda(em) = lambda(ex) + Deltalambda), which correspond to the lambda(ex) = 225 nm, Deltalambda = 110-120 nm, and lambda(ex) = 280 nm, Deltalambda = 60-65 nm. For all three bacterial genera, the same synchronous scan results were obtained. The emission spectra from the three bacteria groups were very similar, creating difficulty in classification. However, the application of principal component analysis (PCA) to the fluorescence spectra resulted in successful classification of the bacteria by their genus as well as determining their concentration. The detection limit was approximately 10(3)-10(4) cells/mL for each bacterial sample. These results demonstrated that fluorescence spectroscopy, when coupled with PCA processing, has the potential to detect and to classify bacterial pathogens in liquids. The methodology is rapid (>10 min), inexpensive, and requires minimal sample preparation compared to standard analytical methods for bacterial detection.

Measurements of the branching fractions for B{sub (s)}{yields}D{sub (s)}{pi}{pi}{pi} and {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}{yields}{Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{pi}{pi}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aaij, R.; Bauer, Th.; Beuzekom, M. van

Branching fractions of the decays H{sub b}{yields}H{sub c}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} relative to H{sub b}{yields}H{sub c}{pi}{sup -} are presented, where H{sub b} (H{sub c}) represents B{sup 0} (D{sup +}), B{sup -} (D{sup 0}), B{sub s}{sup 0} (D{sub s}{sup +}), and {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} ({Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}). The measurements are performed with the LHCb detector using 35 pb{sup -1} of data collected at {radical}(s)=7 TeV. The ratios of branching fractions are measured to be [B(B{sup 0}{yields}D{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -})]/[B(B{sup 0}{yields}D{sup +}{pi}{sup -})]=2.38{+-}0.11{+-}0.21, [B(B{sup -}{yields}D{sup 0}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -})]/[B(B{sup -}{yields}D{sup 0}{pi}{sup -})]= 1.27{+-}0.06{+-}0.11, [B(B{sub s}{sup 0}{yields}D{sub s}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -})]/[B(B{submore » s}{sup 0}{yields}D{sub s}{sup +}{pi}{sup -})]=2.01{+-}0.37{+-}0.20, [B({Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}{yields}{Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -})]/[B({Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}{yields}{Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -})]=1.43{+-}0.16{+-}0.13 We also report measurements of partial decay rates of these decays to excited charm hadrons. These results are of comparable or higher precision than existing measurements.« less

RAMAN SCATTERED He II {lambda}4332 IN THE SYMBIOTIC STAR V1016 CYGNI

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lee, Hee-Won

Raman scattering of He II line photons with atomic hydrogen is important in studying the mass loss processes in many symbiotic stars and a number of young planetary nebulae. We calculate the scattering cross sections and branching ratios associated with the Raman scattered He II {lambda}4332 feature formed through inelastic scattering of He II {lambda}949 with a hydrogen atom. At the line center of He II {lambda}949, the total scattering cross section is computed to be {sigma}{sub tot} = 2.5 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -22} cm{sup 2}, and the branching ratio into the level 2s is 0.12. We also present a high-resolutionmore » spectrum of the symbiotic star V1016 Cygni obtained with the 1.8 m telescope at Mt. Bohyun to investigate the Raman scattering origin of the broad feature blueward of He II {lambda}4338. Based on the atomic calculation, we perform Monte Carlo calculations for the line formation. The scattering region is assumed to be a part of a uniform spherical shell that subtends a solid angle {Delta}{Omega} = {pi} steradian with a neutral column density N{sub HI} = 1.0 x 10{sup 21} cm{sup -2}. By adding a far-UV continuum around He II {lambda}949 normalized by the equivalent width of He II {lambda}949 to be 2.3 Angstrom-Sign , we obtain a good fit for both the Raman scattered He II {lambda}4332 and the broad wings around H{gamma}. Our analysis of the Raman feature blueward of H{gamma} in V1016 Cyg is consistent with the previous study of the Raman features blueward of H{alpha} and H{beta} by Jung and Lee.« less

Distributed modeling of diffusive solute transport in peritoneal dialysis.

PubMed

Waniewski, Jacek

2002-01-01

The diffusive transport between blood and an ex-tissue medium (dialysis fluid) is evaluated using a mathematical model that takes into account the (quasicontinuous) distribution of capillaries within the tissue at various distances from the tissue surface, and includes diffusive-convective transport through the capillary wall and lymphatic absorption from the tissue. General formulas for solute penetration depth, lambda, and for the diffusive mass transport coefficient for the transport between blood and dialysis fluid, K(BD), are provided in terms of local transport coefficients for capillary wall, tissue, and lymphatic absorption. For pure diffusive transport between blood and dialysis fluid and thick tissue layers (i.e., if the solute penetration depth is much lower than the tissue thickness) these formulas yield previously known expressions. It is shown that apparent tissue layers, with widths lambdaTBL and lambdaT, respectively, may be defined according to the values of local transport parameters in such a way that K(BD) is equal to the solute clearance K(TBL) from the tissue by blood and lymph for a layer with width lambdaTBL or to the solute clearance K(T) from blood to dialysate by diffusion through the tissue layer with width lambdaT. For tissue layers with width much higher than the penetration depth: lambdaT approximately = lambdaTBL approximately = lambda. These characteristic width lengths depend on the transport parameters (and thus on the size) of solutes. Effective blood flow, which may be related to the exchange of the solute between blood and dialysate, is defined using an analogy to the extraction/absorption coefficients for blood-tissue exchange. Various approximations for the distributed model formula for diffusive mass transport coefficient (K(BD)) are possible. The appropriate range for their application is obtained from the general formula.

Fitting the constitution type Ia supernova data with the redshift-binned parametrization method

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Huang Qingguo; Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190; Li Miao

2009-10-15

In this work, we explore the cosmological consequences of the recently released Constitution sample of 397 Type Ia supernovae (SNIa). By revisiting the Chevallier-Polarski-Linder (CPL) parametrization, we find that, for fitting the Constitution set alone, the behavior of dark energy (DE) significantly deviates from the cosmological constant {lambda}, where the equation of state (EOS) w and the energy density {rho}{sub {lambda}} of DE will rapidly decrease along with the increase of redshift z. Inspired by this clue, we separate the redshifts into different bins, and discuss the models of a constant w or a constant {rho}{sub {lambda}} in each bin,more » respectively. It is found that for fitting the Constitution set alone, w and {rho}{sub {lambda}} will also rapidly decrease along with the increase of z, which is consistent with the result of CPL model. Moreover, a step function model in which {rho}{sub {lambda}} rapidly decreases at redshift z{approx}0.331 presents a significant improvement ({delta}{chi}{sup 2}=-4.361) over the CPL parametrization, and performs better than other DE models. We also plot the error bars of DE density of this model, and find that this model deviates from the cosmological constant {lambda} at 68.3% confidence level (CL); this may arise from some biasing systematic errors in the handling of SNIa data, or more interestingly from the nature of DE itself. In addition, for models with same number of redshift bins, a piecewise constant {rho}{sub {lambda}} model always performs better than a piecewise constant w model; this shows the advantage of using {rho}{sub {lambda}}, instead of w, to probe the variation of DE.« less

Observation of B{sup +}{yields}{xi}{sub c}{sup 0}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +} and evidence for B{sup 0}{yields}{xi}{sub c}{sup -}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chistov, R.; Aushev, T.; Balagura, V.

We report the first observation of the decay B{sup +}{yields}{xi}{sub c}{sup 0}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +} with a significance of 8.7{sigma} and evidence for the decay B{sup 0}{yields}{xi}{sub c}{sup -}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +} with a significance of 3.8{sigma}. The product B(B{sup +}{yields}{xi}{sub c}{sup 0}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +})xB({xi}{sub c}{sup 0}{yields}{xi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}) is measured to be (4.8{sub -0.9}{sup +1.0}{+-}1.1{+-}1.2)x10{sup -5}, and B(B{sup 0}{yields}{xi}{sub c}{sup -}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +})xB({xi}{sub c}{sup -}{yields}{xi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup -}) is measured to be (9.3{sub -2.8}{sup +3.7}{+-}1.9{+-}2.4)x10{sup -5}. The errors are statistical, systematic and the error of the {lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{yields}pK{sup -}{pi}{sup +} branching fraction, respectively. The decay B{sup +}{yields}{xi}{sub c}{sup 0}{lambda}{sub c}{supmore » +} is the first example of a two-body exclusive B{sup +} decay into two charmed baryons. The data used for this analysis was accumulated at the {upsilon}(4S) resonance, using the Belle detector at the e{sup +}e{sup -} asymmetric-energy collider KEKB. The integrated luminosity of the data sample is equal to 357 fb{sup -1}, corresponding to 386x10{sup 6} BB pairs.« less

Linear Polarization Measurements of Chromospheric Emission Lines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sheeley, N. R., Jr.; Keller, C. U.

2003-01-01

We have used the Zurich Imaging Stokes Polarimeter (ZIMPOL I) with the McMath-Pierce 1.5 m main telescope on Kitt Peak to obtain linear polarization measurements of the off-limb chromosphere with a sensitivity better than 1 x 10(exp -5). We found that the off-disk observations require a combination of good seeing (to show the emission lines) and a clean heliostat (to avoid contamination by scattered light from the Sun's disk). When these conditions were met, we obtained the following principal results: 1. Sometimes self-reversed emission lines of neutral and singly ionized metals showed linear polarization caused by the transverse Zeeman effect or by instrumental cross talk from the longitudinal Zeeman effect in chromospheric magnetic fields. Otherwise, these lines tended to depolarize the scattered continuum radiation by amounts that ranged up to 0.2%. 2. Lines previously known to show scattering polarization just inside the limb (such as the Na I lambda5889 D2 and the He I lambda5876 D3 lines) showed even more polarization above the Sun's limb, with values approaching 0.7%. 3. The O I triplet at lambda7772, lambda7774, and lambda7775 showed a range of polarizations. The lambda7775 line, whose maximum intrinsic polarizability, P(sub max), is less than 1%, revealed mainly Zeeman contributions from chromospheric magnetic fields. However, the more sensitive lambda7772 (P(sub max) = 19%) and lambda7774 (P(sub max) = 29%) lines had relatively strong scattering polarizations of approximately 0.3% in addition to their Zeeman polarizations. At times of good seeing, the polarization spectra resolve into fine structures that seem to be chromospheric spicules.

UTILIZING SYNTHETIC VISIBLE SPECTRA TO EXPLORE THE PHYSICAL BASIS FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF LAMBDA BOÖTIS STARS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cheng, Kwang-Ping; Johnson, Dustin M.; Tarbell, Erik S.

Since the peculiar nature of Lambda Boötis was first noticed in 1943, the Lambda Boo stars have been recognized as a group of peculiar A-type stars. They are Population I dwarfs that show deficiencies of iron-peak elements (up to 2 dex), but have near-solar C, N, O, and S abundances. In a previous paper, we used both observed and synthetic ultraviolet spectra to demonstrate that the C i 1657 Å/Al ii 1671 Å equivalent width ratio can help distinguish between Lambda Boo stars and other metal-weak stars hotter than 8000 K. In this paper, using observed and synthetic visible (4000–6800more » Å) spectra, we demonstrate that the C i 5052.17 Å/Mg ii 4481 Å equivalent width ratio can be used as a quantitative diagnostic for cooler Lambda Boo stars.« less

Refractive index and birefringence of 2H silicon carbide.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Powell, J. A.

1972-01-01

Measurement of the refractive indices of 2H SiC over the wavelength range from 435.8 to 650.9 nm by the method of minimum deviation. A curve fit of the experimental data to the Cauchy dispersion equation yielded, for the ordinary index, n sub zero = 2.5513 + 25,850/lambda squared + 8.928 x 10 to the 8th power/lambda to the 4th power and, for the extraordinary index, n sub e = 2.6161 + 28,230/lambda squared + 11.490 x 10 to the 8th power/lambda to the 4th power when lambda is expressed in nm. The estimated error (standard deviation) in these values is plus or minus 0.0006 for n sub zero and plus or minus 0.0009 for n sub e. The birefringence calculated from these expressions is about 20% less than previously published values.

Residues of lambda-cyhalothrin in tea.

PubMed

Seenivasan, Subbiah; Muraleedharan, Narayanan Nair

2009-02-01

Field experiments were conducted at two places in Tamil Nadu (India) during dry season of 2006 to determine the residues of lambda-cyhalothrin in fresh green tea leaves and black tea. Residues were quantified at different harvest intervals of '0' (3h), 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th and 14th day after insecticide application. Persistence, dissipation pattern, half-life value and safe harvest interval of the insecticide in tea were calculated. Residues of lambda-cyhalothrin dissipated exponentially after application at both the locations and reached below the European Union maximum residue limit (MRL) of 1mg/kg on the 5th day. Lambda-cyhalothrin showed that like other insecticides it followed the first order dissipation kinetics. Half-life values varied from 2.8 to 3.5 days for lambda-cyhalothrin and a safety harvest interval of 5 days is suggested for tea at the recommended dosage.

Utilizing Synthetic Visible Spectra to Explore the Physical Basis for the Classification of Lambda Boötis Stars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheng, Kwang-Ping; Neff, James E.; Johnson, Dustin M.; Tarbell, Erik S.; Romo, Christopher A.; Gray, Richard O.; Corbally, Christopher J.

2017-01-01

Since the peculiar nature of Lambda Boötis was first noticed in 1943, the Lambda Boo stars have been recognized as a group of peculiar A-type stars. They are Population I dwarfs that show deficiencies of iron-peak elements (up to 2 dex), but have near-solar C, N, O, and S abundances. In a previous paper, we used both observed and synthetic ultraviolet spectra to demonstrate that the C I 1657 Å/Al II 1671 Å equivalent width ratio can help distinguish between Lambda Boo stars and other metal-weak stars hotter than 8000 K. In this paper, using observed and synthetic visible (4000-6800 Å) spectra, we demonstrate that the C I 5052.17 Å/Mg II 4481 Å equivalent width ratio can be used as a quantitative diagnostic for cooler Lambda Boo stars.

Photon induced {lambda}(1520) production and the role of the K* exchange

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Toki, Hiroshi; Research Center for Nuclear Physics; Garcia-Recio, Carmen

2008-02-01

We study the photon induced {lambda}(1520) production in the effective Lagrangian method near threshold, E{sub {gamma}}{sup LAB}{<=}2 GeV, and in the quark-gluon string model at higher energies 3 GeV{<=}E{sub {gamma}}{sup LAB}{<=}5 GeV. In particular, we study the role of the K* exchange for the production of {lambda}(1520) within the SU(6) Weinberg-Tomozowa chiral unitary model proposed by Garcia-Recio, Nieves, and Salcedo [Phys. Rev. D 74, 034025 (2006)]. The coupling of the {lambda}(1520) resonance to the NK* pair, which is dynamically generated, turns out to be relatively small and, thus, the K exchange mechanism dominates the reaction. In the higher energy region,more » where experimental data are available, the quark-gluon string mechanism with the K Regge trajectory reproduces both the energy and the angular distribution dependences of the {lambda}(1520) photoproduction reaction.« less

Low-energy measurements of electron-photon angular correlation in electron-impact excitation of the 2/sup 1/P state of helium

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Steph, N.C.; Golden, D.E.

1983-03-01

Electron-photon angular correlations between electrons which have excited the 2/sup 1/P state of He and photons from the 2/sup 1/P..-->..1/sup 1/S transition have been studied for 27-, 30-, 35-, and 40-eV incident electrons. Values of lambda and Vertical BarchiVertical Bar obtained from these measurements are compared to values obtained in distorted-wave and R-matrix calculations. The values of lambda and Vertical BarchiVertical Bar have been combined to examine the behavior of Vertical BarO/sub 1//sub -//sup colvertical-bar/ (lambda(1-lambda)sinVertical BarchiVertical Bar), the nonvanishing component of orientation. At 27 eV, a substantial decrease was observed in the values of lambda and Vertical BarO/sub 1//submore » -//sup colvertical-bar/, compared with their values for E> or =30 eV.« less

Characterization of renal amyloid derived from the variable region of the lambda light chain subgroup II.

PubMed Central

Picken, M. M.; Gallo, G.; Buxbaum, J.; Frangione, B.

1986-01-01

Amyloid fibrils were extracted from the kidney of a patient (CHE) shown to have tetramers and dimers of a monoclonal lambda light chain in his serum, and whose bone marrow cells in short-term culture synthesized these forms and a smaller lambda fragment of approximately 10,000 to 12,000 daltons. Biochemical and serologic analysis of a fraction of a size (obtained from amyloid fibrils extracted from the kidney) similar to that synthesized by the bone marrow cells revealed a light chain fragment corresponding to the amino terminal end of the variable region of the lambda light chain subgroup II. The presence of similarly sized short fragments of lambda light chain in both the synthesized and deposited protein suggests that aberrant synthesis and/or proteolytic degradation may play a pathogenetic role in the process of amyloidogenesis. Images Figure 1 PMID:3089021

Use of lambda pMu bacteriophages to isolate lambda specialized transducing bacteriophages carrying genes for bacterial chemotaxis.

PubMed

Kondoh, H; Paul, B R; Howe, M M

1980-09-01

A general method for constructing lambda specialized transducing phages is described. The method, which is potentially applicable to any gene of Escherichia coli, is based on using Mu DNA homology to direct the integration of a lambda pMu phage near the genes whose transduction is desired. With this method we isolated a lambda transducing phage carrying all 10 genes in the che gene cluster (map location, 41.5 to 42.5 min). The products of the cheA and tar genes were identified by using transducing phages with amber mutations in these genes. It was established that tar codes for methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein II (molecular weight, 62,000) and that cheA codes for two polypeptides (molecular weights, 76,000 and 66,000). Possible origins of the two cheA polypeptides are discussed.

Effects of cross-correlated noises on the relaxation time of the bistable system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xie, Chong-Wei; Mei, Dong-Cheng

2003-11-01

The stationary correlation function and the associated relaxation time for a general system driven by cross-correlated white noises are derived, by virtue of a Stratonovich-like ansatz. The effects of correlated noises on the relaxation time of a bistable kinetic model coupled to an additive and a multiplicative white noises are studied. It is proved that for small fluctuations the relaxation time Tc as a function of lambda (the correlated intensity between noises) exhibits very different behaviours for alphaD (alpha and D, respectively, stand for the intensities of additive and multiplicative noises). When alpha>D, Tc increases with increasing lambda. But when alpha

[Spectral sensitivity and visual pigments of the coastal crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus].

PubMed

Shukoliukov, S A; Zak, P P; Kalamkarov, G R; Kalishevich, O O; Ostrovskiĭ, M A

1980-01-01

It has been shown that the compound eye of the coastal crab has one photosensitive pigment rhodopsin and screening pigments, black and orange one. The orange pigment has lambda max = 480 nm, rhodopsin in digitonin is stable towards hydroxylamin action, has lambda max = 490-495 nm and after bleaching is transformed into free retinene and opsin. The pigments with lambda max = 430 and 475 nm of the receptor part of the eye are also solubilized. These pigments are not photosensitive but they dissociate under the effect of hydroxylamine. The curye of spectral sensitivity of the coastal crab has the basic maximum at approximately 525 nm and the additional one at 450 nm, which seems to be provided by a combination of the visual pigment--rhodopsin (lambda max 500 nm) with a carotinoid filter (lambda max 480-490). Specific features of the visual system of coastal crab are discussed.

Search for production of single top quarks via tcg and tug flavor-changing-neutral-current couplings.

PubMed

Abazov, V M; Abbott, B; Abolins, M; Acharya, B S; Adams, M; Adams, T; Aguilo, E; Ahn, S H; Ahsan, M; Alexeev, G D; Alkhazov, G; Alton, A; Alverson, G; Alves, G A; Anastasoaie, M; Ancu, L S; Andeen, T; Anderson, S; Andrieu, B; Anzelc, M S; Arnoud, Y; Arov, M; Askew, A; Asman, B; Assis Jesus, A C S; Atramentov, O; Autermann, C; Avila, C; Ay, C; Badaud, F; Baden, A; Bagby, L; Baldin, B; Bandurin, D V; Banerjee, P; Banerjee, S; Barberis, E; Barfuss, A-F; Bargassa, P; Baringer, P; Barnes, C; Barreto, J; Bartlett, J F; Bassler, U; Bauer, D; Beale, S; Bean, A; Begalli, M; Begel, M; Belanger-Champagne, C; Bellantoni, L; Bellavance, A; Benitez, J A; Beri, S B; Bernardi, G; Bernhard, R; Berntzon, L; Bertram, I; Besançon, M; Beuselinck, R; Bezzubov, V A; Bhat, P C; Bhatnagar, V; Binder, M; Biscarat, C; Blackler, I; Blazey, G; Blekman, F; Blessing, S; Bloch, D; Bloom, K; Boehnlein, A; Boline, D; Bolton, T A; Boos, E E; Borissov, G; Bos, K; Bose, T; Brandt, A; Brock, R; Brooijmans, G; Bross, A; Brown, D; Buchanan, N J; Buchholz, D; Buehler, M; Buescher, V; Bunichev, V; Burdin, S; Burke, S; Burnett, T H; Busato, E; Buszello, C P; Butler, J M; Calfayan, P; Calvet, S; Cammin, J; Caron, S; Carvalho, W; Casey, B C K; Cason, N M; Castilla-Valdez, H; Chakrabarti, S; Chakraborty, D; Chan, K; Chan, K M; Chandra, A; Charles, F; Cheu, E; Chevallier, F; Cho, D K; Choi, S; Choudhary, B; Christofek, L; Christoudias, T; Claes, D; Clément, B; Clément, C; Coadou, Y; Cooke, M; Cooper, W E; Corcoran, M; Couderc, F; Cousinou, M-C; Cox, B; Crépé-Renaudin, S; Cutts, D; Cwiok, M; da Motta, H; Das, A; Davies, B; Davies, G; De, K; de Jong, P; de Jong, S J; De La Cruz-Burelo, E; De Oliveira Martins, C; Degenhardt, J D; Déliot, F; Demarteau, M; Demina, R; Denisov, D; Denisov, S P; Desai, S; Diehl, H T; Diesburg, M; Doidge, M; Dominguez, A; Dong, H; Dudko, L V; Duflot, L; Dugad, S R; Duggan, D; Duperrin, A; Dyer, J; Dyshkant, A; Eads, M; Edmunds, D; Ellison, J; Elvira, V D; Enari, Y; Eno, S; Ermolov, P; Evans, H; Evdokimov, A; Evdokimov, V N; Ferapontov, A V; Ferbel, T; Fiedler, F; Filthaut, F; Fisher, W; Fisk, H E; Ford, M; Fortner, M; Fox, H; Fu, S; Fuess, S; Gadfort, T; Galea, C F; Gallas, E; Galyaev, E; Garcia, C; Garcia-Bellido, A; Gavrilov, V; Gay, P; Geist, W; Gelé, D; Gerber, C E; Gershtein, Y; Gillberg, D; Ginther, G; Gollub, N; Gómez, B; Goussiou, A; Grannis, P D; Greenlee, H; Greenwood, Z D; Gregores, E M; Grenier, G; Gris, Ph; Grivaz, J-F; Grohsjean, A; Grünendahl, S; Grünewald, M W; Guo, F; Guo, J; Gutierrez, G; Gutierrez, P; Haas, A; Hadley, N J; Haefner, P; Hagopian, S; Haley, J; Hall, I; Hall, R E; Han, L; Hanagaki, K; Hansson, P; Harder, K; Harel, A; Harrington, R; Hauptman, J M; Hauser, R; Hays, J; Hebbeker, T; Hedin, D; Hegeman, J G; Heinmiller, J M; Heinson, A P; Heintz, U; Hensel, C; Herner, K; Hesketh, G; Hildreth, M D; Hirosky, R; Hobbs, J D; Hoeneisen, B; Hoeth, H; Hohlfeld, M; Hong, S J; Hooper, R; Houben, P; Hu, Y; Hubacek, Z; Hynek, V; Iashvili, I; Illingworth, R; Ito, A S; Jabeen, S; Jaffré, M; Jain, S; Jakobs, K; Jarvis, C; Jenkins, A; Jesik, R; Johns, K; Johnson, C; Johnson, M; Jonckheere, A; Jonsson, P; Juste, A; Käfer, D; Kahn, S; Kajfasz, E; Kalinin, A M; Kalk, J M; Kalk, J R; Kappler, S; Karmanov, D; Kasper, J; Kasper, P; Katsanos, I; Kau, D; Kaur, R; Kehoe, R; Kermiche, S; Khalatyan, N; Khanov, A; Kharchilava, A; Kharzheev, Y M; Khatidze, D; Kim, H; Kim, T J; Kirby, M H; Klima, B; Kohli, J M; Konrath, J-P; Kopal, M; Korablev, V M; Kotcher, J; Kothari, B; Koubarovsky, A; Kozelov, A V; Krop, D; Kryemadhi, A; Kuhl, T; Kumar, A; Kunori, S; Kupco, A; Kurca, T; Kvita, J; Lam, D; Lammers, S; Landsberg, G; Lazoflores, J; Lebrun, P; Lee, W M; Leflat, A; Lehner, F; Lesne, V; Leveque, J; Lewis, P; Li, J; Li, L; Li, Q Z; Lietti, S M; Lima, J G R; Lincoln, D; Linnemann, J; Lipaev, V V; Lipton, R; Liu, Z; Lobo, L; Lobodenko, A; Lokajicek, M; Lounis, A; Love, P; Lubatti, H J; Lynker, M; Lyon, A L; Maciel, A K A; Madaras, R J; Mättig, P; Magass, C; Magerkurth, A; Makovec, N; Mal, P K; Malbouisson, H B; Malik, S; Malyshev, V L; Mao, H S; Maravin, Y; Martin, B; McCarthy, R; Melnitchouk, A; Mendes, A; Mendoza, L; Mercadante, P G; Merkin, M; Merritt, K W; Meyer, A; Meyer, J; Michaut, M; Miettinen, H; Millet, T; Mitrevski, J; Molina, J; Mommsen, R K; Mondal, N K; Monk, J; Moore, R W; Moulik, T; Muanza, G S; Mulders, M; Mulhearn, M; Mundal, O; Mundim, L; Nagy, E; Naimuddin, M; Narain, M; Naumann, N A; Neal, H A; Negret, J P; Neustroev, P; Nilsen, H; Noeding, C; Nomerotski, A; Novaes, S F; Nunnemann, T; O'Dell, V; O'Neil, D C; Obrant, G; Ochando, C; Oguri, V; Oliveira, N; Onoprienko, D; Oshima, N; Osta, J; Otec, R; Otero Y Garzón, G J; Owen, M; Padley, P; Pangilinan, M; Parashar, N; Park, S-J; Park, S K; Parsons, J; Partridge, R; Parua, N; Patwa, A; Pawloski, G; Perea, P M; Perfilov, M; Peters, K; Peters, Y; Pétroff, P; Petteni, M; Piegaia, R; Piper, J; Pleier, M-A; Podesta-Lerma, P L M; Podstavkov, V M; Pogorelov, Y; Pol, M-E; Pompos, A; Pope, B G; Popov, A V; Potter, C; Prado da Silva, W L; Prosper, H B; Protopopescu, S; Qian, J; Quadt, A; Quinn, B; Rangel, M S; Rani, K J; Ranjan, K; Ratoff, P N; Renkel, P; Reucroft, S; Rijssenbeek, M; Ripp-Baudot, I; Rizatdinova, F; Robinson, S; Rodrigues, R F; Royon, C; Rubinov, P; Ruchti, R; Sajot, G; Sánchez-Hernández, A; Sanders, M P; Santoro, A; Savage, G; Sawyer, L; Scanlon, T; Schaile, D; Schamberger, R D; Scheglov, Y; Schellman, H; Schieferdecker, P; Schmitt, C; Schwanenberger, C; Schwartzman, A; Schwienhorst, R; Sekaric, J; Sengupta, S; Severini, H; Shabalina, E; Shamim, M; Shary, V; Shchukin, A A; Shivpuri, R K; Shpakov, D; Siccardi, V; Sidwell, R A; Simak, V; Sirotenko, V; Skubic, P; Slattery, P; Smirnov, D; Smith, R P; Snow, G R; Snow, J; Snyder, S; Söldner-Rembold, S; Sonnenschein, L; Sopczak, A; Sosebee, M; Soustruznik, K; Souza, M; Spurlock, B; Stark, J; Steele, J; Stolin, V; Stone, A; Stoyanova, D A; Strandberg, J; Strandberg, S; Strang, M A; Strauss, M; Ströhmer, R; Strom, D; Strovink, M; Stutte, L; Sumowidagdo, S; Svoisky, P; Sznajder, A; Talby, M; Tamburello, P; Taylor, W; Telford, P; Temple, J; Tiller, B; Tissandier, F; Titov, M; Tokmenin, V V; Tomoto, M; Toole, T; Torchiani, I; Trefzger, T; Trincaz-Duvoid, S; Tsybychev, D; Tuchming, B; Tully, C; Tuts, P M; Unalan, R; Uvarov, L; Uvarov, S; Uzunyan, S; Vachon, B; van den Berg, P J; van Eijk, B; Van Kooten, R; van Leeuwen, W M; Varelas, N; Varnes, E W; Vartapetian, A; Vasilyev, I A; Vaupel, M; Verdier, P; Vertogradov, L S; Verzocchi, M; Villeneuve-Seguier, F; Vint, P; Vlimant, J-R; Von Toerne, E; Voutilainen, M; Vreeswijk, M; Wahl, H D; Wang, L; Wang, M H L S; Warchol, J; Watts, G; Wayne, M; Weber, G; Weber, M; Weerts, H; Wenger, A; Wermes, N; Wetstein, M; White, A; Wicke, D; Wilson, G W; Wimpenny, S J; Wobisch, M; Wood, D R; Wyatt, T R; Xie, Y; Yacoob, S; Yamada, R; Yan, M; Yasuda, T; Yatsunenko, Y A; Yip, K; Yoo, H D; Youn, S W; Yu, C; Yu, J; Yurkewicz, A; Zatserklyaniy, A; Zeitnitz, C; Zhang, D; Zhao, T; Zhou, B; Zhu, J; Zielinski, M; Zieminska, D; Zieminski, A; Zutshi, V; Zverev, E G

2007-11-09

We search for the production of single top quarks via flavor-changing-neutral-current couplings of a gluon to the top quark and a charm (c) or up (u) quark. We analyze 230 pb{-1} of lepton+jets data from pp[over] collisions at a center of mass energy of 1.96 TeV collected by the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. We observe no significant deviation from standard model predictions, and hence set upper limits on the anomalous coupling parameters kappa{g}{c}/Lambda and kappa{g}{u}/Lambda, where kappa{g} define the strength of tcg and tug couplings, and Lambda defines the scale of new physics. The limits at 95% C.L. are kappa{g}{c}/Lambda<0.15 TeV-1 and kappa{g}{u}/Lambda<0.037 TeV-1.

Divergence Considerations, 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Quirein, J. A.

1973-01-01

The case is considered of n distinct, normally distributed classes or populations of two dimensional response vectors x = (lambda sub 1, lambda sub 2), where lambda sub i is a measurement of the relative reponse of x along channel i. The problem dealt with is to determine the best channel in the sense of divergence and in the sense of minimizing the probability of misclassification.

Might "Unique" Factors Be "Common"? On the Possibility of Indeterminate Common-Unique Covariances

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grayson, Dave

2006-01-01

The present paper shows that the usual factor analytic structured data dispersion matrix lambda psi lambda' + delta can readily arise from a set of scores y = lambda eta + epsilon, shere the "common" (eta) and "unique" (epsilon) factors have nonzero covariance: gamma = Cov epsilon,eta) is not equal to 0. Implications of this finding are discussed…

Research on numerical algorithms for large space structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Denman, E. D.

1982-01-01

Numerical algorithms for large space structures were investigated with particular emphasis on decoupling method for analysis and design. Numerous aspects of the analysis of large systems ranging from the algebraic theory to lambda matrices to identification algorithms were considered. A general treatment of the algebraic theory of lambda matrices is presented and the theory is applied to second order lambda matrices.

Effects of Different Pyrethroids on Landing Behavior of Female Aedes aegypti, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, and Culex quinquefasciatus Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-01

pyrethroid- treated surfacespairedwithadjacentuntreated surfaces.The threepyrethroids testedwerebifenthrin, deltamethrin, and lambda - cyhalothrin . Landing...three pyrethroids tested were bifenthrin deltamethrin, and lambda - cyhalothrin . Landing and resting behavior was video recorded and quanti?ed using...study and tested with the pyrethroids bifenthrin, deltamethrin, and lambda - cyhalothrin . Materials and Methods Mosquitoes. Mosquitoes were reared, as

Preliminary evaluation of the acute toxicity of cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin to Channa Punctatus.

PubMed

Kumar, Amit; Sharma, Bechan; Pandey, Ravi Shankar

2007-12-01

In the present study, the acute toxicity of the pyrethroid pesticides, cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin was conducted for a 96 h period using Channa punctatus. The LC(50) values of cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin were found to be 0.4 mg/L and 7.92 mug/L, respectively. The lambda-cyhalothrin was found to be about 50 times more toxic to the fish than cypermethrin. The behavioral pattern of C. punctatus got severely altered in each group due to pesticide treatment. The results suggested that even at low concentrations, these pyrethroid compounds may exert toxic effects, markedly modifying their behavioral pattern.

High accuracy heat capacity measurements through the lambda transition of helium with very high temperature resolution

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fairbanks, W. M.; Lipa, J. A.

1984-01-01

A measurement of the heat capacity singularity of helium at the lambda transition was performed with the aim of improving tests of the Renormalization Group (RG) predictions for the static thermodynamic behavior near the singularity. The goal was to approach as closely as possible to the lambda-point while making heat capacity measurements of high accuracy. To do this, a new temperature sensor capable of unprecedented resolution near the lambda-point, and two thermal control systems were used. A short description of the theoretical background and motivation is given. The initial apparatus and results are also described.

Non-Classical Smoothening of Nano-Scale Surface Corrugations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aziz, Michael J.; Chason, Eric; Erlebacher, Jonah

1999-05-20

We report the first experimental observation of non-classical morphological equilibration of a corrugated crystalline surface. Periodic rippled structures with wavelengths of 290-550 nm were made on Si(OO1) by sputter rippling and then annealed at 650 - 750 °C. In contrast to the classical exponential decay with time, the ripple amplitude, A {lambda}(t), followed an inverse linear decay, A {lambda}(t)= A {lambda}(0)/(1 +k {lambda}t), agreeing with a prediction of Ozdemir and Zangwill. We measure the activation energy for surface relaxation to be 1.6±0.2 eV, consistent with an interpretation that dimers mediate transport.

Investigations of potential bias in the estimation of lambda using Pradel's (1996) model for capture-recapture data

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hines, J.E.; Nichols, J.D.

2002-01-01

Pradel's (1996) temporal symmetry model permitting direct estimation and modelling of population growth rate, lambda sub i provides a potentially useful tool for the study of population dynamics using marked animals. Because of its recent publication date, the approach has not seen much use, and there have been virtually no investigations directed at robustness of the resulting estimators. Here we consider several potential sources of bias, all motivated by specific uses of this estimation approach. We consider sampling situations in which the study area expands with time and present an analytic expression for the bias in lambda hat sub i. We next consider trap response in capture probabilities and heterogeneous capture probabilities and compute large-sample and simulation-based approximations of resulting bias in lambda hat sub i. These approximations indicate that trap response is an especially important assumption violation that can produce substantial bias. Finally, we consider losses on capture and emphasize the importance of selecting the estimator for lambda sub i that is appropriate to the question being addressed. For studies based on only sighting and resighting data, Pradel's (1996) lambda hat prime sub i is the appropriate estimator.

On the use of transition matrix methods with extended ensembles.

PubMed

Escobedo, Fernando A; Abreu, Charlles R A

2006-03-14

Different extended ensemble schemes for non-Boltzmann sampling (NBS) of a selected reaction coordinate lambda were formulated so that they employ (i) "variable" sampling window schemes (that include the "successive umbrella sampling" method) to comprehensibly explore the lambda domain and (ii) transition matrix methods to iteratively obtain the underlying free-energy eta landscape (or "importance" weights) associated with lambda. The connection between "acceptance ratio" and transition matrix methods was first established to form the basis of the approach for estimating eta(lambda). The validity and performance of the different NBS schemes were then assessed using as lambda coordinate the configurational energy of the Lennard-Jones fluid. For the cases studied, it was found that the convergence rate in the estimation of eta is little affected by the use of data from high-order transitions, while it is noticeably improved by the use of a broader window of sampling in the variable window methods. Finally, it is shown how an "elastic" window of sampling can be used to effectively enact (nonuniform) preferential sampling over the lambda domain, and how to stitch the weights from separate one-dimensional NBS runs to produce a eta surface over a two-dimensional domain.

Multiple buoyancy driven flows in a vertical cylinder heated from below

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yamaguchi, Y.; Chang, C. J.; Brown, R. A.

1983-01-01

The structure of axisymmetric buoyancy-driven convection in a vertical cylinder heated from below is probed by finite element solution of the Boussinesq equations coupled with computed-implemented perturbation techniques for detecting and tracking multiple flows and for determining flow stability. Results are reported for fluids with Prandtl number of one and for cylinders with aspect ratio (Lambda) (defined as the height to radius of the cylinder) between 0.5 and 2.25. Extensive calculations of the neutral stability curve for the static solution and of the nonlinear motions along the bifurcating flow families show a continuous evolution of the primary cellular motion from a single toroidal cell to two and three cells nested radially in the cylinder, instead of the sharp transitions found for a cylinder with shear-free sidewalls. The smooth transitions in flow structure with Rayleigh number and lambda are explained by nonlinear connectivity between the first two bifurcating flow families formed either by a secondary bifurcation point for Lambda or = Lambda * approximately 0.80 or by a limit point for Lambda Lambda *. The transition between these two modes may be described by the theory of multiple limit point bifurcation.

Characterization of a lambda-cyhalothrin metabolizing glutathione S-transferase CpGSTd1 from Cydia pomonella (L.).

PubMed

Liu, Jiyuan; Yang, Xueqing; Zhang, Yalin

2014-11-01

In insects, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are enzymes involved in detoxification of insecticides. However, few data are available for the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.). In this study, we cloned a delta class GST gene CpGSTd1 from C. pomonella. Real-time quantitative PCR shows that CpGSTd1 was up-regulated with aging, and the mRNA level of CpGSTd1 was higher in the fat body and silk glands than in other tissues. The expression level of CpGSTd1 exposure to insecticide suggests that CpGSTd1 is up-regulated after chlorpyrifos-methyl and lambda-cyhalothrin treatments. Both lambda-cyhalothrin and chlorpyrifos-methyl altered GST activity in vivo. The purified CpGSTd1 protein exhibits a high catalytic efficiency with CDNB and was inhibited by lambda-cyhalothrin and chlorpyrifos-methyl in vitro. Metabolism assays indicate that lambda-cyhalothrin was significantly metabolized while chlorpyrifos-methyl was not metabolized by CpGSTd1. Binding free energy analysis suggests that CpGSTd1 binding is tighter with lambda-cyhalothrin than with chlorpyrifos-methyl. Our study suggests that CpGSTd1 plays a key role in the metabolism of insecticides in C. pomonella.

Rifampin-stimulated uv resistance of phage lambda on Escherichia coli K12

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bronner, C.E.; Fluke, D.J.; Pollard, E.C.

1983-01-01

The plaque survival of uv-irradiated phage lambda on excision-proficient E.coli strain AB1157 is greater if the host cells are exposed to rifampin for 10 minutes prior to infection. This repair is accompanied by little or no clear-plaque mutagenesis. Host cells uv-irradiated and incubated for 30 minutes in growth medium prior to treatment with rifampin show some Weigle-reactivation in addition to the repair stimulated by rifampin. Some clear-plaque Weigle-mutagenesis is also observed in the presence of rifampin: however, the amount is less than that seen in the absence of rifampin treatment. In contrast, the uv sensitivity of lambda on strain AB1886,more » an excision-repair deficient mutant, is unchanged by pre-treating the cells with rifampin, and no Weigle-reactivation is observed. These results suggest that repair of lambda on unirradiated cells in the presence of rifampin is an excision-dependent, error-free phenomenon. Since initiation of replication of lambda DNA requires RNA polymerase, and since rifampin blocks transcription by that polymerase, the effect of rifampin on the survival of lambda may be to delay phage replication, thereby allowing more time for excision repair to operate. 6 figures.« less

Strength functions, entropies, and duality in weakly to strongly interacting fermionic systems.

PubMed

Angom, D; Ghosh, S; Kota, V K B

2004-01-01

We revisit statistical wave function properties of finite systems of interacting fermions in the light of strength functions and their participation ratio and information entropy. For weakly interacting fermions in a mean-field with random two-body interactions of increasing strength lambda, the strength functions F(k) (E) are well known to change, in the regime where level fluctuations follow Wigner's surmise, from Breit-Wigner to Gaussian form. We propose an ansatz for the function describing this transition which we use to investigate the participation ratio xi(2) and the information entropy S(info) during this crossover, thereby extending the known behavior valid in the Gaussian domain into much of the Breit-Wigner domain. Our method also allows us to derive the scaling law lambda(d) approximately 1/sqrt[m] ( m is number of fermions) for the duality point lambda= lambda(d), where F(k) (E), xi(2), and S(info) in both the weak ( lambda=0 ) and strong mixing ( lambda= infinity ) basis coincide. As an application, the ansatz function for strength functions is used in describing the Breit-Wigner to Gaussian transition seen in neutral atoms CeI to SmI with valence electrons changing from 4 to 8.

Time-resolved diffusion tomographic imaging in highly scattering turbid media

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Alfano, Robert R. (Inventor); Cai, Wei (Inventor); Liu, Feng (Inventor); Lax, Melvin (Inventor); Das, Bidyut B. (Inventor)

1998-01-01

A method for imaging objects in highly scattering turbid media. According to one embodiment of the invention, the method involves using a plurality of intersecting source/detectors sets and time-resolving equipment to generate a plurality of time-resolved intensity curves for the diffusive component of light emergent from the medium. For each of the curves, the intensities at a plurality of times are then inputted into the following inverse reconstruction algorithm to form an image of the medium: X.sup.(k+1).spsp.T =?Y.sup.T W+X.sup.(k).spsp.T .LAMBDA.!?W.sup.T W+.LAMBDA.!.sup.-1 wherein W is a matrix relating output at detector position r.sub.d, at time t, to source at position r.sub.s, .LAMBDA. is a regularization matrix, chosen for convenience to be diagonal, but selected in a way related to the ratio of the noise, to fluctuations in the absorption (or diffusion) X.sub.j that we are trying to determine: .LAMBDA..sub.ij =.lambda..sub.j .delta..sub.ij with .lambda..sub.j =/<.DELTA.Xj.DELTA.Xj> Here Y is the data collected at the detectors, and X.sup.k is the kth iterate toward the desired absoption information.

Determination of losartan potassium, quinapril hydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide in pharmaceutical preparations using derivative spectrophotometry and chromatographic-densitometric method.

PubMed

Stolarczyk, Mariusz; Maślanka, Anna; Apola, Anna; Krzek, Jan

2013-01-01

Two methods, spectrophotometric and chromatographic-densitometric ones, were developed for determination of losartan potassium, quinapril hydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide in pharmaceutical preparations. Spectrophotometric method involved derivative spectrophotometry and zero order spectrophotometry. The measurements were carried out at lambda = 224.0 nm for quinapril, lambda = 261.0 nm for hydrochlorothiazide and lambda = 270.0 nm for losartan when the derivative spectrophotometry was applied and lambda = 317.0 nm when zero order spectrophotometry was applied for the determination of hydrochlorothiazide. In chromatographic-densitometric studies high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) plates were used as stationary phase and a mixture of solvents n-butanol : acetic acid : water (15 : 5 : 1, v/v/v) as mobile phase. Under the established conditions good resolution of examined constituents was obtained. Retardation factor for quinapril hydrochloride was R(f) - 0.70, for losartan potassium R(f) - 0.85 and for hydrochlorothiazide R(f) - 0.78. The developed methods are characterized by high sensitivity and accuracy. For quantitative analysis, densitometric measurements were carried out at lambda = 218.0 nm for quinapril, lambda = 275.0 nm for hydrochlorothiazide and = 232.0 nm for losartan.

Direct Observation of the Strange b Baryon {xi}{sub b}{sup -}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Abazov, V. M.; Alexeev, G. D.; Kalinin, A. M.

We report the first direct observation of the strange b baryon {xi}{sub b}{sup -}({xi}{sub b}{sup +}). We reconstruct the decay {xi}{sub b}{sup -}{yields}J/{psi}{xi}{sup -}, with J/{psi}{yields}{mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}, and {xi}{sup -}{yields}{lambda}{pi}{sup -}{yields}p{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup -} in pp collisions at {radical}(s)=1.96 TeV. Using 1.3 fb{sup -1} of data collected by the D0 detector, we observe 15.2{+-}4.4(stat){sub -0.4}{sup +1.9}(syst) {xi}{sub b}{sup -} candidates at a mass of 5.774{+-}0.011(stat){+-}0.015(syst) GeV. The significance of the observed signal is 5.5{sigma}, equivalent to a probability of 3.3x10{sup -8} of it arising from a background fluctuation. Normalizing to the decay {lambda}{sub b}{yields}J/{psi}{lambda}, we measure the relative rate ({sigma}({xi}{submore » b}{sup -})xB({xi}{sub b}{sup -}{yields}J/{psi}{xi}{sup -})/{sigma}({lambda}{sub b})xB({lambda}{sub b}{yields}J/{psi}{lambda}))=0.28{+-}0.09(stat){sub -0.08}{sup +0.09}(syst)« less

Observations and Parameterizations of Particle Size Distributions in Deep Tropical Cirrus and Stratiform Precipitation Clouds: Results from In-Situ Observations in TRMM Field Campaigns

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Heymsfield, Andrew J.; Bansemer, Aaron; Field, Paul R.; Durden, Stephen L.; Stith, Jeffrey L.; Dye, James E.; Hall, William; Grainger, Cedric A.

2002-01-01

In this study, we report on the evolution of particle size distributions (PSDs) and habits as measured during slow, Lagrangian-type spiral descents through deep subtropical and tropical cloud layers in Florida, Brazil, and Kwajalein, Marshall Islands, most of which were precipitating. The objective of the flight patterns was to learn more about how the PSDs evolved in the vertical and to obtain information of the vertical structure of microphysical properties. New instrumentation yielding better information on the concentrations of particles in the size (D) range between 0.2 and 2 cm, as well as improved particle imagery, produced more comprehensive observations for tropical stratiform precipitation regions and anvils than have been available previously. Collocated radar observations provided additional information on the vertical structure of the cloud layers sampled. Most of the spirals began at cloud top, with temperatures (T) as low as -50 C, and ended at cloud base or below the melting layer (ML). The PSDs broadened from cloud top towards cloud base, with the largest particles increasing in size from several millimeters at cloud top to one centimeter or larger towards cloud base. Some continued growth was noted in the upper part of the ML. Concentrations of particles less than 1 mm in size decreased with decreasing height. The result was a consistent change in the PSDs in the vertical. Similarly, systematic changes in the size dependence of the particle cross-sectional area was noted with decreasing height. Aggregation-as ascertained from both the changes in the PSDs and evolution of particle habits as observed in high detail with the cloud particle imager (CPI) probe-was responsible for these trends. The PSDs were generally well-represented by gamma distributions of the form N = N0 gamma D microns e- lambda gamma D that were fitted to the PSDs over 1-km horizontal intervals throughout the spirals. The intercept (N0 gamma), slope (lambda gamma), and dispersion (microns) values were derived for each PSD. Exponential curves (N = N0e- lambdaD; micron = 0) were also fitted to the distributions. The lambda gamma values for given spirals varied systematically with temperature as did the values of lambda (exponential), and the data generally conformed to values found in previous studies involving exponential fits to size distributions in mid-latitude frontal and cirrus layers. Considerable variability often noted in the PSD properties during the loops of individual spirals was manifested primarily in large changes in N0 gamma and N0, but micron, lambda gamma and lambda remained fairly stable. Temperature is not found to be the sole factor controlling lambda gamma or lambda but is a primary one. Direct relationships were found between lambda gamma and N0 gamma or lambda gamma and micron for the gamma distributions and lambda and N0 for the exponential. The latter relationship was not found as distinctly in earlier studies; observed PSDs in this study had better fidelity with less scatter. The micron values changed monotonically with T over the range of temperatures and were directly related to N0 gamma or lambda gamma, thereby reducing the number of variables in the PSD functional equation to two. In the upper part of the ML, N0 and lambda continued to decrease, and in the lower part these values began to increase as the largest particles melted. We developed general expressions relating various bulk microphysical, radar, and radiative transfer-related variables to N0 gamma and lambda gamma, useful for both tropical and mid-latitude clouds. These relationships facilitate the specification of a number of bulk properties in cloud and climate models. The results presented in this paper apply best to temperatures between 0 and -40 C, for which the measured radar reflectivities fall in the range of 0 to 25 dBZe.

An assessment of bird habitat quality using population growth rates

USGS Publications Warehouse

Knutson, M.G.; Powell, L.A.; Hines, R.K.; Friberg, M.A.; Niemi, G.J.

2006-01-01

Survival and reproduction directly affect population growth rate (lambda) making lambda a fundamental parameter for assessing habitat quality. We used field data, literature review, and a computer simulation to predict annual productivity and lambda for several species of landbirds breeding in floodplain and upland forests in the Midwestern United States. We monitored 1735 nests of 27 species; 760 nests were in the uplands and 975 were in the floodplain. Each type of forest habitat (upland and floodplain) was a source habitat for some species. Despite a relatively low proportion of regional forest cover, the majority of species had stable or increasing populations in all or some habitats, including six species of conservation concern. In our search for a simple analog for lambda, we found that only adult apparent survival, juvenile survival, and annual productivity were correlated with lambda; daily nest survival and relative abundance estimated from point counts were not. Survival and annual productivity are among the most costly demographic parameters to measure and there does not seem to be a low-cost alternative. In addition, our literature search revealed that the demographic parameters needed to model annual productivity and lambda were unavailable for several species. More collective effort across North America is needed to fill the gaps in our knowledge of demographic parameters necessary to model both annual productivity and lambda. Managers can use habitat-specific predictions of annual productivity to compare habitat quality among species and habitats for purposes of evaluating management plans.

Safety and Efficacy of Pegylated Interferon Lambda, Ribavirin, and Daclatasvir in HCV and HIV-Coinfected Patients.

PubMed

Nelson, Mark; Rubio, Rafael; Lazzarin, Adriano; Romanova, Svetlana; Luetkemeyer, Annie; Conway, Brian; Molina, Jean-Michel; Xu, Dong; Srinivasan, Subasree; Portsmouth, Simon

2017-03-01

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pegylated interferon-lambda-1a (Lambda)/ribavirin (RBV)/daclatasvir (DCV) for treatment of patients coinfected with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Treatment-naive patients were assigned to cohort A [HCV genotype (GT)-2 or -3] or cohort B [HCV GT-1(a or b) or -4]. All patients received Lambda/RBV/DCV for the first 12 weeks; cohort A received Lambda/RBV for an additional 12 weeks, followed by 24 weeks of follow-up, and cohort B received response-guided therapy. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who achieved a sustained virologic response at post-treatment week 12 (SVR12). In cohort A (n = 104), 84.6% achieved SVR12 (95.0% in GT-2; 83.1% in GT-3). In cohort B (n = 196), 76.0% achieved SVR12 (71.7% in GT-1a; 86.0% in GT-1b; 70.7% in GT-4). Rates of discontinuation due to adverse events (AEs) (3.8% and 6.1%) and serious AEs (5.8% and 6.1%) were low in cohorts A and B, respectively. In addition, treatment with Lambda/RBV/DCV had little impact on CD4 counts. SVR12 rates with Lambda/RBV/DCV in an HCV/HIV-coinfected population ranged from 71.7% to 95.0%. Treatment was generally well tolerated, with a low proportion of patients discontinuing due to AEs. Clinical trial registration NCT01866930.

Association of atypical protein kinase C isotypes with the docker protein FRS2 in fibroblast growth factor signaling.

PubMed

Lim, Y P; Low, B C; Lim, J; Wong, E S; Guy, G R

1999-07-02

FRS2 is a docker protein that recruits signaling proteins to the plasma membrane in fibroblast growth factor signal transduction. We report here that FRS2 was associated with PKC lambda when Swiss 3T3 cells were stimulated with basic fibroblast growth factor. PKC zeta, the other member of the atypical PKC subfamily, could also bind FRS2. The association between FRS2 and PKC lambda is likely to be direct as shown by yeast two-hybrid analysis. The C-terminal fragments of FRS2 (amino acid residues 300-508) and SNT2 (amino acids 281-492), an isoform bearing 50% identity to FRS2, interacted with PKC lambda at a region (amino acids 240-562) that encompasses the catalytic domain. In vitro kinase assays revealed neither FRS2 nor SNT2 was a substrate of PKC lambda or zeta. Mutation of the alanine residue (Ala-120) to glutamate in the pseudo-substrate region of PKC lambda results in a constitutively active kinase that exhibited more than 2-fold greater binding to FRS2 in vitro than its "closed" wild-type counterpart. Tyrosine phosphorylation of FRS2 did not affect its binding to the constitutively active PKC lambda mutant, suggesting that the activation of PKC lambda is necessary and sufficient for its association with FRS2. It is likely that FRS2 serves as an anchoring protein for targeting activated atypical PKCs to the cell plasma membrane in signaling pathways.

Lethal Effects of Lambda-Cyhalothrin and Demand® CS on Asian Longhorned Beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae): Implications for Population Suppression, Tree Protection, Eradication and Containment

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

We evaluated the 24h contact toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin for adult Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky, using topical application. Results showed that beetles are sensitive to lambda-cyhalothrin: the LD50 and LD90 were 0.13639 and 0.78461µg/beetle, respectively. Residual...

It's Not the Book, It's Not the Author, It's the Award: The Lambda Literary Award and the Case for Strategic Essentialism

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crisp, Thomas

2011-01-01

On September 16, 2009, the Lambda Literary Foundation (LLF) released a statement revising their eligibility guidelines for the Lambda Literary Award, the most prestigious citation offered for LGBT books and authors. This criteria, which demands that an author must self-identify as a member of the LGBT family of writers, has been met with…

78 FR 73993 - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy; Importation of Bovines and Bovine Products

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-10

... column, in the 16th line from the bottom ``C[squ]N'' should read ``C[Lambda]N''. Sec. 93.418 [Corrected... ``C[Lambda]N''. 3. On the same page, in the third column, in the 1st line ``CN'' should read ``C[Lambda]N''. [FR Doc. C1-2013-28228 Filed 12-9-13; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 1505-01-D ...

Resonant alteration of propagation in guiding structures with complex Robin parameter and its magnetic-field-induced restoration

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Olendski, O., E-mail: oolendski@ksu.edu.sa

2011-06-15

Highlights: > Solutions of the wave equation are analyzed for the confined circular geometry with complex Robin boundary conditions. > Sharp extremum is found in the energy dependence on the imaginary part of the extrapolation length. > Nonzero real part of the Robin length or/and magnetic field wipe out the resonance. - Abstract: Solutions of the scalar Helmholtz wave equation are derived for the analysis of the transport and thermodynamic properties of the two-dimensional disk and three-dimensional infinitely long straight wire in the external uniform longitudinal magnetic field B under the assumption that the Robin boundary condition contains extrapolation lengthmore » {Lambda} with nonzero imaginary part {Lambda}{sub i}. As a result of this complexity, the self-adjointness of the Hamiltonian is lost, its eigenvalues E become complex too and the discrete bound states of the disk characteristic for the real {Lambda} turn into the corresponding quasibound states with their lifetime defined by the eigenenergies imaginary parts E{sub i}. Accordingly, the longitudinal flux undergoes an alteration as it flows along the wire with its attenuation/amplification being E{sub i}-dependent too. It is shown that, for zero magnetic field, the component E{sub i} as a function of the Robin imaginary part exhibits a pronounced sharp extremum with its magnitude being the largest for the zero real part {Lambda}{sub r} of the extrapolation length. Increasing magnitude of {Lambda}{sub r} quenches the E{sub i} - {Lambda}{sub i} resonance and at very large {Lambda}{sub r} the eigenenergies E approach the asymptotic real values independent of {Lambda}{sub i}. The extremum is also wiped out by the magnetic field when, for the large B, the energies tend to the Landau levels. Mathematical and physical interpretations of the obtained results are provided; in particular, it is shown that the finite lifetime of the disk quasibound states stems from the {Lambda}{sub i}-induced currents flowing through the sample boundary. Possible experimental tests of the calculated effect are discussed; namely, it is argued that it can be observed in superconductors by applying to them the external electric field E normal to the surface.« less

Human placenta: relative content of antibodies of different classes and subclasses (IgG1-IgG4) containing lambda- and kappa-light chains and chimeric lambda-kappa-immunoglobulins.

PubMed

Lekchnov, Evgenii A; Sedykh, Sergey E; Dmitrenok, Pavel S; Buneva, Valentina N; Nevinsky, Georgy A

2015-06-01

The specific organ placenta is much more than a filter: it is an organ that protects, feeds and regulates the growth of the embryo. Affinity chromatography, ELISA, SDS-PAGE and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry were used. Using 10 intact human placentas deprived of blood, a quantitative analysis of average relative content [% of total immunoglobulins (Igs)] was carried out for the first time: (92.7), IgA (2.4), IgM (2.5), kappa-antibodies (51.4), lambda-antibodies (48.6), IgG1 (47.0), IgG2 (39.5), IgG3 (8.8) and IgG4 (4.3). It was shown for the first time that placenta contains sIgA (2.5%). In the classic paradigm, Igs represent products of clonal B-cell populations, each producing antibodies recognizing a single antigen. There is a common belief that IgGs in mammalian biological fluids are monovalent molecules having stable structures and two identical antigen-binding sites. However, similarly to human milk Igs, placenta antibodies undergo extensive half-molecule exchange and the IgG pool consists of 43.5 ± 15.0% kappa-kappa-IgGs and 41.6 ± 17.0% lambda-lambda-IgGs, while 15.0 ± 4.0% of the IgGs contained both kappa- and lambda-light chains. Kappa-kappa-IgGs and lambda-lambda-IgGs contained, respectively (%): IgG1 (47.7 and 34.4), IgG2 (36.3 and 44.5), IgG3 (7.4 and 11.8) and IgG4 (7.5 and 9.1), while chimeric kappa-lambda-IgGs consisted of (%): 43.5 IgG1, 41.0 IgG2, 5.6 IgG3 and 7.9 IgG4. Our data are indicative of the possibility of half-molecule exchange between placenta IgGs of various subclasses, raised against different antigens, which explains a very well-known polyspecificity and cross-reactivity of different human IgGs. © The Japanese Society for Immunology. 2015. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Observation of the {omega}{sub b}{sup -} baryon and measurement of the properties of the {xi}{sub b}{sup -} and {omega}{sub b}{sup -} baryons

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aaltonen, T.; Maki, T.; Mehtala, P.

We report the observation of the bottom, doubly-strange baryon {omega}{sub b}{sup -} through the decay chain {omega}{sub b}{sup -}{yields}J/{psi}{omega}{sup -}, where J/{psi}{yields}{mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}, {omega}{sup -}{yields}{lambda}K{sup -}, and {lambda}{yields}p{pi}{sup -}, using 4.2 fb{sup -1} of data from pp collisions at {radical}(s)=1.96 TeV, and recorded with the Collider Detector at Fermilab. A signal is observed whose probability of arising from a background fluctuation is 4.0x10{sup -8}, or 5.5 Gaussian standard deviations. The {omega}{sub b}{sup -} mass is measured to be 6054.4{+-}6.8(stat){+-}0.9(syst) MeV/c{sup 2}. The lifetime of the {omega}{sub b}{sup -} baryon is measured to be 1.13{sub -0.40}{sup +0.53}(stat){+-}0.02(syst) ps. In addition,more » for the {xi}{sub b}{sup -} baryon we measure a mass of 5790.9{+-}2.6(stat){+-}0.8(syst) MeV/c{sup 2} and a lifetime of 1.56{sub -0.25}{sup +0.27}(stat){+-}0.02(syst) ps. Under the assumption that the {xi}{sub b}{sup -} and {omega}{sub b}{sup -} are produced with similar kinematic distributions to the {lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} baryon, we find ({sigma}({xi}{sub b}{sup -})B({xi}{sub b}{sup -}{yields}J/{psi}{xi}{sup -})/{sigma}({lambda}{sub b}{sup 0})B({lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}{yields}J/{psi}{lambda}))=0.167{sub -0.025}{sup +0.037}(stat){+-}0.012(syst) and ({sigma}({omega}{sub b}{sup -})B({omega}{sub b}{sup -}{yields}J/{psi}{omega}{sup -})/{sigma}({lambda}{sub b}{sup 0})B({lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}{yields}J/{psi}{lambda}))=0.045{sub -0.012}{sup +0.017}(stat){+-} 0.004(syst) for baryons produced with transverse momentum in the range of 6-20 GeV/c.« less

Results of Detailed Modeling of the Narrow-Line Region of Seyfert Galaxies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moore, David; Cohen, Ross D.

1996-01-01

We present model line profiles of [O II] lambda3727, [Ne III] lambda3869, [O I] lambda5007, [Fe VII] lambda6087, [Fe X] lambda6374, [O I] lambda6300, H(alpha) lambda6563, and [S 2] lambda6731. The profiles presented here illustrate explicitly the pronounced effects that collisional de-excitation, and that spatial variations in both the ionization parameter and cloud column density, have on Narrow-Line Region (NLR) model profiles. The above effects were included only qualitatively in a previous analytical treatment by Moore and Cohen. By making a direct correspondence between these model profiles and the analytical model profiles of Moore and Cohen, and by comparing with the observed profiles presented in a companion paper and also with those presented elsewhere in the literature, we strengthen some of the conclusions of Moore and Cohen. Most notably, we argue for constant ionization parameter, uniformly accelerated outflow of clouds that are individually stratified in ionization, and the interpretation of emission-line width correlations with ionization potential as a column density effect. For comparison with previous observational studies, such as our own in a companion paper, we also calculate profile parameters for some of the models, and we present and discuss the resulting line width correlations with critical density (n(sub cr)) and Ionization Potential (IP). Because the models we favor are those that produce extended profile wings as observed in high spectral resolution studies, the line width correlations of our favoured models are of particular interest. Line width correlations with n(sub cr) and/or IP result only if the width parameter is more sensitive to extended profile wings than is the Full Width at Half-Maximum (FWHM). Correlations between FWHM and n(sub cr) and/or IP result only after convolving the model profiles with a broad instrumental profile that simulates the lower spectral resolution used in early observational studies. The model in agreement with the greatest number of observational considerations has electron density decreasing outward from n(sub e) approx. equals 10(exp 6)/cu cm to n(sub e) approx. equals 10(exp 2)/cu cm and, due to collisional de-excitation effects in the lowest velocity clouds, it generates broad flat-topped profile peaks in the lines of lowest critical density (e.g., [O II] lambda3727 and [S II] lambda(lambda)6716, 6731). Because the observed profile peaks of both low and high critical density lines are often very similar, our favored model requires a contribution to NLR emission-line spectra from low-velocity, low-density, and low-ionization gas not included in the model NLR.

Moderate-resolution spectral standards from lambda 5600 to lambda 9000

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Allen, Lori E.; Strom, Karen M.

1995-01-01

We present a grid of stellar classification spectra of moderate resolution (R approximately 1500) in the range lambda lambda 5600-9000 A, compiled from high signal-to noise spectra of 275 stars, most in the open clusters Praesepe and M67. The grid covers dwarfs from types B8 through M5, giants from G8 through M7, and subgiants from F5 through K0. We catalog atomic and molecular absorption features useful for stellar classification, and demonstrate the use of luminosity-sensitive features to distinguish between late-type dwarf and giant stars. The entire database is made available in digital format on anonymous ftp and through the World Wide Web.

Superfocusing terahertz waves below lambda/250 using plasmonic parallel-plate waveguides.

PubMed

Zhan, Hui; Mendis, Rajind; Mittleman, Daniel M

2010-04-26

We experimentally demonstrate complete two-dimensional (2-D) confinement of terahertz (THz) energy in finite-width parallel-plate waveguides, defying conventional wisdom in the century-old field of microwave waveguide technology. We find that the degree of energy confinement increases exponentially with decreasing plate separation. We propose that this 2-D confinement is mediated by the mutual coupling of plasmonic edge modes, analogous to that observed in slot waveguides at optical wavelengths. By adiabatically tapering the width and the separation, we focus THz waves down to a size of 10 microm (approximately lambda/260) by 18 microm ( approximately lambda/145), which corresponds to a mode area of only 2.6 x 10(-5) lambda(2).

Dynamically generated N* and {Lambda}* resonances in the hidden charm sector around 4.3 GeV

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wu Jiajun; Departamento de Fisica Teorica and IFIC, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Institutos de Investigacion de Paterna, Aptdo. 22085, E-46071 Valencia; Molina, R.

2011-07-15

The interactions of D-bar{Sigma}{sub c}-D-bar{Lambda}{sub c}, D-bar*{Sigma}{sub c}-D-bar*{Lambda}{sub c}, and related strangeness channels, are studied within the framework of the coupled-channel unitary approach with the local hidden gauge formalism. A series of meson-baryon dynamically generated relatively narrow N* and {Lambda}* resonances are predicted around 4.3 GeV in the hidden charm sector. We make estimates of production cross sections of these predicted resonances in p-barp collisions for the experiment of antiproton annihilation at Darmstadt (PANDA) at the forthcoming GSI Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) facility.

Prediction of narrow N* and {Lambda}* with hidden charm

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wu Jiajun; Departamento de Fisica Teorica and IFIC, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Institutos de Investigacion de Paterna, Aptdo. 22085, 46071 Valencia; Molina, R.

2011-10-24

The interaction between various charmed mesons and charmed baryons, such as D-bar{Sigma}{sub c}-D-bar{Lambda}{sub c}, D-bar*{Sigma}{sub c}-D-bar*{Lambda}{sub c}, and related strangeness channels, are studied within the framework of the coupled channel unitary approach with the local hidden gauge formalism. Six narrow N* and {Lambda}* resonances are dynamically generated with mass above 4 GeV and width smaller than 100 MeV. These predicted new resonances definitely cannot be accommodated by quark models with three constituent quarks. We make estimates of production cross sections of these predicted resonances in p-barp collisions for PANDA at the forthcoming FAIR facility.

Persistence behaviour of thiamethoxam and lambda cyhalothrin in transplanted paddy.

PubMed

Barik, Suhrid Ranjan; Ganguly, Pritam; Kunda, Samir Kumar; Kole, Ramen Kumar; Bhattacharyya, Anjan

2010-10-01

A field study was conducted in Pre-Kharif season 2007 on paddy to determine the persistence of thiamethoxam (12.6%) and lambda cyhalothrin (9.4%) [in a 'Readymix' formulation Alika 247 ZC], following the application of 33 g. a.i. ha⁻¹ (T₁) and 66 g. a.i. ha⁻¹ (T₂). Spraying of insecticide was done during milking stage of the crop (63 days after transplantation). Thiamethoxam and lambda cyhalothrin residues were estimated by HPLC and GLC respectively. The half-life values were 5.2-5.8 and 4.8 days for thiamethoxam and lambda cyhalothrin respectively. No residue was detected in the harvested paddy, straw, grain, and soil samples.

Hypernuclei and the hyperon problem in neutron stars

DOE PAGES

Bedaque, Paulo F.; Steiner, Andrew W.

2015-08-17

The likely presence ofmore » $$\\Lambda$$ baryons in dense hadronic matter tends to soften the equation of state to an extend that the observed heaviest neutron stars are difficult to explain. Here we analyze this "hyperon problem" with a phenomenological approach. First, we review what can be learned about the interaction of $$\\Lambda$$ particle with dense matter from the observed hypernuclei and extend this phenomenological analysis to asymmetric matter. We add to this the current knowledge on non-strange dense matter, including its uncertainties, to conclude that the interaction between $$\\Lambda$$s and dense matter has to become repulsive at densities below three times the nuclear saturation density.« less

Influence of the active nucleus on the multiphase interstellar medium in NGC 1068

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bland-Hawthorn, Jonathan; Weisheit, Jon; Cecil, Gerald; Sokolowski, James

1993-01-01

The luminous spiral NGC 1068 has now been imaged from x-ray to radio wavelengths at comparably high resolution (approximately less than 5 in. FWHM). The bolometric luminosity of this well-known Seyfert is shared almost equally between the active nucleus and an extended 'starburst' disk. In an ongoing study, we are investigating the relative importance of the nucleus and the disk in powering the wide range of energetic activity observed throughout the galaxy. Our detailed analysis brings together a wealth of data: ROSAT HRI observations, VLA lambda lambda 6-20 cu cm and OVRO interferometry, lambda lambda 0.4-10.8 micron imaging, and Fabry-Perot spectrophotometry.

Adsorption of lambda-cyhalothrin and cypermethrin on two typical Chinese soils as affected by copper.

PubMed

Liu, Jun; Lü, Xiaomeng; Xie, Jimin; Chu, Yafei; Sun, Cheng; Wang, Qian

2009-06-01

Pesticides and heavy metals pollution in soil environment has become a serious problem in many countries including China. Repeated applications of bordeaux mixture (a blend of copper sulfate and calcium hydroxide) and pyrethroid (Pys) insecticides have led to elevated copper (Cu) and Pys concentrations in vineyard surface soils. However, few studies focused on the interaction of Pys and heavy metals in the soil environment. Our previous studies had indicated the combined effect of cypermethrin (CPM) and Cu on soil catalase activity. Also, we had suggested that the addition of Cu could catalyze photo-degradation of CPM and lambda-cyhalothrin (lambda-CHT) in aqueous solution and restrain their degradation in soil. To better understand the potential influence of Cu on the fate of Pys in the soil environment, the aim of the present work was to examine the effect of Cu on the adsorption of lambda-CHT and CPM on two typical Chinese soils with different soil characteristics, which was one of the key processes controlling the fate of Pys, and to provide more information about the potential ecological risk of chemicals on the soil ecosystem. Fourier transform infrared and point charges analysis using the MOPAC program of the Gaussian system were also used to reveal the probable adsorption mechanism of lambda-CHT and CPM on soils. Two vineyard soils with different properties were chosen as experimental samples. They were sampled from 0 to 10 cm, dried, and sieved to 2 mm. Each soil was spiked with copper sulfate solution to obtain the following total soil Cu concentrations: 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1,600 mg.kg(-1). The treated soils were incubated for 2 weeks and then dried at 20 degrees C. For each soil sample and at each soil Cu concentration, the adsorption of lambda-CHT and CPM was measured using a batch equilibrium method. The concentration of lambda-CHT was determined by HPLC, and the amount of lambda-CHT and CPM adsorbed by the soil sample at equilibrium was determined by the difference between the initial and equilibrium concentrations in solution corrected by the blank adsorption measurement. Without the addition of Cu, the adsorption of lambda-CHT and CPM on Black soil is greater than that on Red soil, while the adsorption of lambda-CHT on both soils is significantly stronger than that of CPM. As the soil Cu concentration increased from 19 (or 18; background) to 1,600 mg.kg(-1), the adsorption coefficient (K (d)) of lambda-CHT decreased from 12.2 to 5.9 L.kg(-1) for Red soil, and from 26.1 to 16.8 L.kg(-1) for Black soil, whereas the CPM adsorption coefficient in both soils decreased nearly by 100% (K (d) decreased from 9.4 to 0.2 L.kg(-1) for Red soil and from 16.2 to 0.5 L.kg(-1) for Black soil). Pys adsorption is a surface phenomenon which depends on the surface area and the organic matter content. Thus, the Black soil, having higher organic matter and greater surface area than that of the Red soil, show greater adsorption affinity to lambda-CHT and CPM. In our study, the different adsorption affinity of the two Pys was obtained, which was probably attributed to differences with respect to their physical-chemical properties. Further comparison upon the two Pys was conducted. The point charges of halogen atoms in the lambda-CHT and CPM were calculated, the differences of which probably lead to the fact that lambda-CHT has a stronger binding capacity to soils than CPM. Also, FTIR spectra show that competitive adsorption occurs between CPM and Cu for the same adsorption sites, which is responsible for the obtained suppression of CPM adsorption affected by Cu. Lambda-cyhalothrin shows a significantly stronger adsorption than cypermethrin on both soils. This phenomenon may be due to several reasons: (1) lambda-CHT has lower solubility and a higher octanol-water partition coefficient value than CPM; (2) lambda-CHT consists of specific isomers, whereas CPM is mixtures of eight different isomers; (3) the chlorine and fluorine atoms in the lambda-CHT have a negative point charge, whereas the chlorine atoms in the CPM have a positive point charge. As the soil Cu concentrations increased from 19 (or 18) mg.kg(-1) to 1,600 mg.kg(-1), the adsorption coefficient of lambda-CHT and CPM decreased on both soils. This is mainly due to a competition between Cu and Pys for occupying the adsorption sites on soils. The information from this study have important implications for vineyard and orchard soils, which often contain elevated levels of Cu and Pys. These results are also useful in assessing the environmental fate and health effect of lambda-CHT and CPM. It is important for environmental scientists and engineers to get a better understanding of soil-metal-organic contaminant interactions. However, pesticide adsorption involves complex processes, and shortcomings in understanding them still restrict the ability to predict the fate and behavior of pesticide. Therefore, considerable research should be carried out to understand the mechanism of interaction between Pys and heavy metal on soils clearly.

Diversity of immunoglobulin lambda light chain gene usage over developmental stages in the horse.

PubMed

Tallmadge, Rebecca L; Tseng, Chia T; Felippe, M Julia B

2014-10-01

To further studies of neonatal immune responses to pathogens and vaccination, we investigated the dynamics of B lymphocyte development and immunoglobulin (Ig) gene diversity. Previously we demonstrated that equine fetal Ig VDJ sequences exhibit combinatorial and junctional diversity levels comparable to those of adult Ig VDJ sequences. Herein, RACE clones from fetal, neonatal, foal, and adult lymphoid tissue were assessed for Ig lambda light chain combinatorial, junctional, and sequence diversity. Remarkably, more lambda variable genes (IGLV) were used during fetal life than later stages and IGLV gene usage differed significantly with time, in contrast to the Ig heavy chain. Junctional diversity measured by CDR3L length was constant over time. Comparison of Ig lambda transcripts to germline revealed significant increases in nucleotide diversity over time, even during fetal life. These results suggest that the Ig lambda light chain provides an additional dimension of diversity to the equine Ig repertoire. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

First Observation of the {Lambda}(1405) Line Shape in Electroproduction

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lu, Haiyun; Schumacher, Reinhard A.

2013-10-01

We report the first observation of the line shape of the {Lambda}(1405) from electroproduction, and show that it is not a simple Breit-Wigner resonance. Electroproduction of K{sup +}{Lambda}(1405) off the proton was studied by using data from CLAS at Jefferson Lab in the range 1.0

Color Shade Instrumentation Correlation Study: Statistical Analysis. Revision

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-01

L* a* b* Alpha Desert Sand 503 Beta Chi Army Green 491 Delta Epsilon Iota Kappa Lambda Mu Desert Sand 503...Desert Sand 503 Epsilon Army Green 491 Iota Kappa Lambda Desert Sand 503 Mu Omega Omicron Desert Sand 503 Psi Rho...Color Tiles Figure 3-3. Correlation Matrix for a* Means of Color Tiles Alpha Beta Chi Delta Epsilon Iota Kappa Lambda Mu Omega Omicron Psi Rho

Efficient mass-selective three-photon ionization of zirconium atoms

DOEpatents

Page, Ralph H.

1994-01-01

In an AVLIS process, .sup.91 Zr is selectively removed from natural zirconium by a three-step photoionization wherein Zr atoms are irradiated by a laser beam having a wavelength .lambda..sub.1, selectively raising .sup.91 Zr atoms to an odd-parity E.sub.1 energy level in the range of 16000-19000 cm.sup.-1, are irradiated by a laser beam having a wavelength .lambda..sub.2 to raise the atoms from an E.sub.l level to an even-parity E.sub.2 energy level in the range of 35000-37000 cm.sup.-1 and are irradiated by a laser beam having a wavelength .lambda..sub.3 to cause a resonant transition of atoms from an E.sub.2 level to an autoionizing level above 53506 cm.sup.-1. .lambda..sub.3 wavelengths of 5607, 6511 or 5756 .ANG. will excite a zirconium atom from an E.sub.2 energy state of 36344 cm.sup.-1 to an autoionizing level; a .lambda..sub.3 wavelength of 5666 .ANG. will cause an autoionizing transition from an E.sub.2 level of 36068 cm.sup.-1 ; and a .lambda. .sub.3 wavelength of 5662 .ANG. will cause an ionizing resonance of an atom at an E.sub.2 level of 35904 cm.sup.-1.

The use of resighting data to estimate the rate of population growth of the snail kite in Florida

USGS Publications Warehouse

Dreitz, V.J.; Nichols, J.D.; Hines, J.E.; Bennetts, R.E.; Kitchens, W.M.; DeAngelis, D.L.

2002-01-01

The rate of population growth (lambda) is an important demographic parameter used to assess the viability of a population and to develop management and conservation agendas. We examined the use of resighting data to estimate lambda for the snail kite population in Florida from 1997-2000. The analyses consisted of (1) a robust design approach that derives an estimate of lambda from estimates of population size and (2) the Pradel (1996) temporal symmetry (TSM) approach that directly estimates lambda using an open-population capture-recapture model. Besides resighting data, both approaches required information on the number of unmarked individuals that were sighted during the sampling periods. The point estimates of lambda differed between the robust design and TSM approaches, but the 95% confidence intervals overlapped substantially. We believe the differences may be the result of sparse data and do not indicate the inappropriateness of either modelling technique. We focused on the results of the robust design because this approach provided estimates for all study years. Variation among these estimates was smaller than levels of variation among ad hoc estimates based on previously reported index statistics. We recommend that lambda of snail kites be estimated using capture-resighting methods rather than ad hoc counts.

{lambda} elements for one-dimensional singular problems with known strength of singularity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wong, K.K.; Surana, K.S.

1996-10-01

This paper presents a new and general procedure for designing special elements called {lambda} elements for one dimensional singular problems where the strength of the singularity is know. The {lambda} elements presented here are of type C{sup 0}. These elements also provide inter-element C{sup 0} continuity with p-version elements. The {lambda} elements do not require a precise knowledge of the extent of singular zone, i.e., their use may be extended beyond the singular zone. When {lambda} elements are used at the singularity, a singular problem behaves like a smooth problem thereby eliminating the need for h, p-adaptive processes all together.more » One dimensional steady state radial flow of an upper convected Maxwell fluid is considered as a sample problem. Least squares approach (or least squares finite element formulation: LSFEF) is used to construct the integral form (error functional I) from the differential equations. Numerical results presented for radially inward flow with inner radius r{sub i} = 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001, 0.00001, and Deborah number of 2 (De = 2) demonstrate the accuracy, faster convergence of the iterative solution procedure, faster convergence rate of the error functional and mesh independent characteristics of the {lambda} elements regardless of the severity of the singularity.« less

IRAS 21391 + 5802 - A study in intermediate mass star formation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilking, Bruce; Mundy, Lee; Mcmullin, Joseph; Hezel, Thomas; Keene, Jocelyn

1993-01-01

We present infrared and millimeter wavelength observations of the cold IRAS source 21391 + 5802 and its associated molecular core. Infrared observations at lambda = 3.5 microns reveal a heavily obscured, central point source which is coincident with a compact lambda = 2.7 mm continuum and C18O emission region. The source radiates about 310 solar luminosities, primarily at FIR wavelengths, suggesting that it is a young stellar object of intermediate mass. The steeply rising spectral energy distribution and the large fraction of the system mass residing in circumstellar material imply that IRAS 21391 + 5802 is in an early stage of evolution. The inferred dust temperature indicates a temperature gradient in the core. A comprehensive model for the surrounding core of dust and gas is devised to match the observed dust continuum emission and multitransition CS emission from this and previous studies. We find a r exp -1.5 +/- 0.2 density gradient consistent with that of a gravitationally evolved core and a total core mass of 380 solar masses. The observed dust emission is most consistent with a lambda exp -1.5 - lambda exp -2 dust emissivity law; for a lambda exp -2 law, the data are best fit by a mass opacity coefficient of 3.6 x 10 exp -3 sq cm/g at lambda = 1.25 mm.

SUPER-RESOLUTION ULTRASOUND TOMOGRAPHY: A PRELIMINARY STUDY WITH A RING ARRAY

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

HUANG, LIANJIE; SIMONETTI, FRANCESCO; DURIC, NEBOJSA

2007-01-18

Ultrasound tomography attempts to retrieve the structure of an objective by exploiting the interaction of acoustic waves with the object. A fundamental limit of ultrasound tomography is that features cannot be resolved if they are spaced less than {lambda}/2 apart, where {lambda} is wavelength of the probing wave, regardless of the degree of accuracy of the measurements. Therefore, since the attenuation of the probing wave with propagation distance increases as {lambda} decreases, resolution has to be traded against imaging depth. Recently, it has been shown that the {lambda}/2 limit is a consequence of the Born approximation (implicit in the imagingmore » algorithms currently employed) which neglects the distortion of the probing wavefield as it travels through the medium to be imaged. On the other hand, such a distortion, which is due to the multiple scattering phenomenon, can encode unlimited resolution in the radiating component of the scattered field. Previously, a resolution better than {lambda}/3 has been reported in these proceedings [F. Simonetti, pp. 126 (2006)] in the case of elastic wave probing. In this paper, they demonstrate experimentally a resolution better than {lambda}/4 for objects immersed in a water bth probed by means of a ring array which excites and detects pressure waves in a full view configuration.« less

Phenotyping polyclonal kappa and lambda light chain molecular mass distributions in patient serum using mass spectrometry.

PubMed

Barnidge, David R; Dasari, Surendra; Ramirez-Alvarado, Marina; Fontan, Adrian; Willrich, Maria A V; Tschumper, Renee C; Jelinek, Diane F; Snyder, Melissa R; Dispenzieri, Angela; Katzmann, Jerry A; Murray, David L

2014-11-07

We previously described a microLC-ESI-Q-TOF MS method for identifying monoclonal immunoglobulins in serum and then tracking them over time using their accurate molecular mass. Here we demonstrate how the same methodology can be used to identify and characterize polyclonal immunoglobulins in serum. We establish that two molecular mass distributions observed by microLC-ESI-Q-TOF MS are from polyclonal kappa and lambda light chains using a combination of theoretical molecular masses from gene sequence data and the analysis of commercially available purified polyclonal IgG kappa and IgG lambda from normal human serum. A linear regression comparison of kappa/lambda ratios for 74 serum samples (25 hypergammaglobulinemia, 24 hypogammaglobulinemia, 25 normal) determined by microflowLC-ESI-Q-TOF MS and immunonephelometry had a slope of 1.37 and a correlation coefficient of 0.639. In addition to providing kappa/lambda ratios, the same microLC-ESI-Q-TOF MS analysis can determine the molecular mass for oligoclonal light chains observed above the polyclonal background in patient samples. In 2 patients with immune disorders and hypergammaglobulinemia, we observed a skewed polyclonal molecular mass distribution which translated into biased kappa/lambda ratios. Mass spectrometry provides a rapid and simple way to combine the polyclonal kappa/lambda light chain abundance ratios with the identification of dominant monoclonal as well as oligoclonal light chain immunoglobulins. We anticipate that this approach to evaluating immunoglobulin light chains will lead to improved understanding of immune deficiencies, autoimmune diseases, and antibody responses.

Fate of the insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin in ditch enclosures differing in vegetation density.

PubMed

Leistra, Minze; Zweers, Anton J; Warinton, Jacqui S; Crum, Steven J H; Hand, Laurence H; Beltman, Wim H J; Maund, Stephen J

2004-01-01

Use of the insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin in agriculture may result in the contamination of water bodies, for example by spray drift. Therefore, the possible exposure of aquatic organisms to this insecticide needs to be evaluated. The exposure of the organisms may be reduced by the strong sorption of the insecticide to organic materials and its susceptibility to hydrolysis at the high pH values in the natural range. In experiments done in May and August, formulated lambda-cyhalothrin was mixed with the water body of enclosures in experimental ditches containing a bottom layer and macrophytes (at different densities) or phytoplankton. Concentrations of lambda-cyhalothrin in the water body and in the sediment layer, and contents in the plant compartment, were measured by gas-liquid chromatography at various times up to 1 week after application. Various water quality parameters were also measured. Concentrations of lambda-cyhalothrin decreased rapidly in the water column: 1 day after application, 24-40% of the dose remained in the water, and by 3 days it had declined to 1.8-6.5%. At the highest plant density, lambda-cyhalothrin residue in the plant compartment reached a maximum of 50% of the dose after 1 day; at intermediate and low plant densities, this maximum was only 3-11% of the dose (after 1-2 days). The percentage of the insecticide in the ditch sediment was 12% or less of the dose and tended to be lower at higher plant densities. Alkaline hydrolysis in the water near the surface of macrophytes and phytoplankton is considered to be the main dissipation process for lambda-cyhalothrin.

Direct Cloning of Yeast Genes from an Ordered Set of Lambda Clones in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae by Recombination in Vivo

PubMed Central

Erickson, J. R.; Johnston, M.

1993-01-01

We describe a technique that facilitates the isolation of yeast genes that are difficult to clone. This technique utilizes a plasmid vector that rescues lambda clones as yeast centromere plasmids. The source of these lambda clones is a set of clones whose location in the yeast genome has been determined by L. Riles et al. in 1993. The Esherichia coli-yeast shuttle plasmid carries URA3, ARS4 and CEN6, and contains DNA fragments from the lambda vector that flank the cloned yeast insert. When yeast is cotransformed with linearized plasmid and lambda clone DNA, Ura(+) transformants are obtained by a recombination event between the lambda clone and the plasmid vector that generates an autonomously replicating plasmid containing the cloned yeast DNA sequences. Genes whose genetic map positions are known can easily be identified and recovered in this plasmid by testing only those lambda clones that map to the relevant region of the yeast genome for their ability to complement the mutant phenotype. This technique facilitates the isolation of yeast genes that resist cloning either because (1) they are underrepresented in yeast genomic libraries amplified in E. coli, (2) they provide phenotypes that are too marginal to allow selection of the gene by genetic complementation or (3) they provide phenotypes that are laborious to score. We demonstrate the utility of this technique by isolating three genes, GAL83, SSN2 and MAK7, each of which presents one of these problems for cloning. PMID:8514124

Response surface models for effects of temperature and previous growth sodium chloride on growth kinetics of Salmonella typhimurium on cooked chicken breast.

PubMed

Oscar, T P

1999-12-01

Response surface models were developed and validated for effects of temperature (10 to 40 degrees C) and previous growth NaCl (0.5 to 4.5%) on lag time (lambda) and specific growth rate (mu) of Salmonella Typhimurium on cooked chicken breast. Growth curves for model development (n = 55) and model validation (n = 16) were fit to a two-phase linear growth model to obtain lambda and mu of Salmonella Typhimurium on cooked chicken breast. Response surface models for natural logarithm transformations of lambda and mu as a function of temperature and previous growth NaCl were obtained by regression analysis. Both lambda and mu of Salmonella Typhimurium were affected (P < 0.0001) by temperature but not by previous growth NaCl. Models were validated against data not used in their development. Mean absolute relative error of predictions (model accuracy) was 26.6% for lambda and 15.4% for mu. Median relative error of predictions (model bias) was 0.9% for lambda and 5.2% for mu. Results indicated that the models developed provided reliable predictions of lambda and mu of Salmonella Typhimurium on cooked chicken breast within the matrix of conditions modeled. In addition, results indicated that previous growth NaCl (0.5 to 4.5%) was not a major factor affecting subsequent growth kinetics of Salmonella Typhimurium on cooked chicken breast. Thus, inclusion of previous growth NaCl in predictive models may not significantly improve our ability to predict growth of Salmonella spp. on food subjected to temperature abuse.

Specialized nucleoprotein structures at the origin of replication of bacteriophage lambda: localized unwinding of duplex DNA by a six-protein reaction.

PubMed Central

Dodson, M; Echols, H; Wickner, S; Alfano, C; Mensa-Wilmot, K; Gomes, B; LeBowitz, J; Roberts, J D; McMacken, R

1986-01-01

The O protein of bacteriophage lambda localizes the initiation of DNA replication to a unique site on the lambda genome, ori lambda. By means of electron microscopy, we infer that the binding of O to ori lambda initiates a series of protein addition and transfer reactions that culminate in localized unwinding of the origin DNA, generating a prepriming structure for the initiation of DNA replication. We can define three stages of this prepriming reaction, the first two of which we have characterized previously. First, dimeric O protein binds to multiple DNA binding sites and self-associates to form a nucleoprotein structure, the O-some. Second, lambda P and host DnaB proteins interact with the O-some to generate a larger complex that includes additional DNA from an A + T-rich region adjacent to the O binding sites. Third, the addition of the DnaJ, DnaK, and Ssb proteins and ATP results in an origin-specific unwinding reaction, probably catalyzed by the helicase activity of DnaB. The unwinding reaction is unidirectional, proceeding "rightward" from the origin. The minimal DNA sequence competent for unwinding consists of two O binding sites and the adjacent A + T-rich region to the right of the binding sites. We conclude that the lambda O protein localizes and initiates a six-protein sequential reaction responsible for but preceding the precise initiation of DNA replication. Specialized nucleoprotein structures similar to the O-some may be a general feature of DNA transactions requiring extraordinary precision in localization and control. Images PMID:3020552

Discovery of a protein phosphatase activity encoded in the genome of bacteriophage lambda. Probable identity with open reading frame 221.

PubMed

Cohen, P T; Cohen, P

1989-06-15

Infection of Escherichia coli with phage lambda gt10 resulted in the appearance of a protein phosphatase with activity towards 32P-labelled casein. Activity reached a maximum near the point of cell lysis and declined thereafter. The phosphatase was stimulated 30-fold by Mn2+, while Mg2+ and Ca2+ were much less effective. Activity was unaffected by inhibitors 1 and 2, okadaic acid, calmodulin and trifluoperazine, distinguishing it from the major serine/threonine-specific protein phosphatases of eukaryotic cells. The lambda phosphatase was also capable of dephosphorylating other substrates in the presence of Mn2+, although activity towards 32P-labelled phosphorylase was 10-fold lower, and activity towards phosphorylase kinase and glycogen synthase 25 50-fold lower than with casein. No casein phosphatase activity was present in either uninfected cells, or in E. coli infected with phage lambda gt11. Since lambda gt11 lacks part of the open reading frame (orf) 221, previously shown to encode a protein with sequence similarity to protein phosphatase-1 and protein phosphatase-2A of mammalian cells [Cohen, Collins, Coulson, Berndt & da Cruz e Silva (1988) Gene 69, 131-134], the results indicate that ORF221 is the protein phosphatase detected in cells infected with lambda gt10. Comparison of the sequence of ORF221 with other mammalian protein phosphatases defines three highly conserved regions which are likely to be essential for function. The first of these is deleted in lambda gt11.

Results of the Second SeaWiFS Data Analysis Round Robin, March 2000 (DARR-00)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hooker, Stanford B. (Editor); Firestone, Elaine R. (Editor); Zibordi, Giuseppe; Berthon, Jean-Francois; D'Alimonte, Davide; Maritorena, Stephane; McLean, Scott; Sildam, Juri; McClain, Charles R. (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

The accurate determination of upper ocean apparent optical properties (AOPs) is essential for the vicarious calibration of the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) instrument and the validation of the derived data products. To evaluate the importance of data analysis methods upon derived AOP values, the Second Data Analysis Round Robin (DARR-00) activity was planned during the latter half of 1999 and executed during March 2000. The focus of the study was the intercomparison of several standard AOP parameters: (1) the upwelled radiance immediately below the sea surface, L(sub u)(0(-),lambda); (2) the downward irradiance immediately below the sea surface, E(sub d)(0(-),lambda); (3) the diffuse attenuation coefficients from the upwelling radiance and the downward irradiance profiles, L(sub L)(lambda) and K(sub d)(lambda), respectively; (4) the incident solar irradiance immediately above the sea surface, E(sub d)(0(+),lambda); (5) the remote sensing reflectance, R(sub rs)(lambda); (6) the normalized water-leaving radiance, [L(sub W)(lambda)](sub N); (7) the upward irradiance immediately below the sea surface, E(sub u)(0(-)), which is used with the upwelled radiance to derive the nadir Q-factor immediately below the sea surface, Q(sub n)(0(-),lambda); and (8) ancillary parameters like the solar zenith angle, theta, and the total chlorophyll concentration, C(sub Ta), derived from the optical data through statistical algorithms. In the results reported here, different methodologies from three research groups were applied to an identical set of 40 multispectral casts in order to evaluate the degree to which differences in data analysis methods influence AOP estimation, and whether any general improvements can be made. The overall results of DARR-00 are presented in Chapter 1 and the individual methods used by the three groups and their data processors are presented in Chapters 2-4.

Toxicokinetics of lambda-cyhalothrin in rats.

PubMed

Anadón, A; Martínez, M; Martínez, M A; Díaz, M J; Martínez-Larrañaga, M R

2006-08-01

The toxicokinetics of lambda-cyhalothrin after single 20 mg kg(-1) oral and 3 mg kg(-1) intravenous doses were studied in rats. Serial blood samples were obtained after oral and intravenous administration. Liver, brain, spinal cord, sciatic nerve, vas deferens, anococcygeus and myenteric plexus tissue samples were also collected. Plasma, liver, hypothalamus, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, frontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus, midbrain, spinal cord, vas deferens, anococcygeus, myenteric plexus and sciatic nerve concentrations of lambda-cyhalothrin were determined by HPLC. The plasma and tissue concentration-time data for lambda-cyhalothrin were found to fit a two-compartment open model. For lambda-cyhalothrin, the elimination half-life (T1/2beta) and the mean residence time from plasma were 7.55 and 8.55 h after i.v. and 10.27 and 14.43 h after oral administration. The total plasma clearance was not influenced by dose concentration or route and reached a value of 0.060l h(-1)kg(-1). After i.v. administration, the apparent volume of distribution and at steady state were 0.68 and 0.53l kg(-1), suggesting a diffusion of the pyrethroid into tissue. After oral administration, lambda-cyhalothrin was extensively but slowly absorbed (Tmax, 2.69 h). The oral bioavailability was found to be 67.37%. Significant differences in the kinetic parameters between nervous tissues and plasma was observed. The maximum concentrations in hypothalamus (Cmax, 24.12 microg g(-1)) and myenteric plexus (Cmax, 25.12 microg g(-1)) were about 1.5 times higher than in plasma (Cmax, 15.65 microg ml(-1)) and 1.3 times higher than in liver (Cmax, 18.42 microg ml(-1)). Nervous tissue accumulation of lambda-cyhalothrin was also reflected by the area under the concentration curve ratios of tissue/plasma (liver). The T1/2beta for lambda-cyhalothrin was significantly greater for the nerve tissues, including neuromuscular fibres, (range 12-26 and 15-34 h, after i.v. and oral doses) than for plasma (7.55 and 10.27 h, respectively).

Operational note effects of fipronil and lambda-cyhalothrin against larval Anopheles quadrimaculatus and nontarget aquatic mosquito predators in Arkansas small rice plots.

PubMed

Dennett, James A; Bernhardt, John L; Meisch, Max V

2003-06-01

The effects of fipronil and lambda-cyhalothrin, applied at rates labeled for control of the rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, on 3 nontarget indigenous insect species in Arkansas rice are described. Three replicates of untreated control checks and fipronil- and lambda-cyhalothrin-treated plots containing 3 sentinel cages each were performed. Ten 4th-stage larvae of Anopheles quadrimaculatus, 10 adult Tropisternus lateralis, or 10 adult Notonecta indica were placed within individual cages in small rice plots treated with ICON 6.2 FS (fipronil) at 0.025 lb active ingredient (AI)/acre (0.028 kg/ha) or KARATEZ 2.08 CS (lambda-cyhalothrin) at 0.03 lb AI/acre (0.033 kg/ha) applied over vegetation and water with a single-boom sprayer. At 24 h after treatment in fipronil plots, significantly higher control of An. quadrimaculatus and T. lateralis (69 and 48% control, respectively) was achieved, compared to N. indica (18%). In lambda-cyhalothrin plots 24 h after treatment, 100% reductions of both T. lateralis and N. indica were highly significant (P < 0.05) from the lower level of control in An. quadrimaculatus (10%). At 48 h after treatment, no significant, differences existed between all species within fipronil plots, with An. quadrimaculatus, T. lateralis, and N. indica obtaining 41, 10, and 7% control, respectively. Significantly higher (P < 0.05) control was obtained in lambda-cyhalothrin plots 48 h after treatment, with 93 and 53% control of T. lateralis and N. indica, respectively, compared to 7% control of An. quadrimaculatus. A marked difference in susceptibility was found between selected nontarget organisms used in this study. When using lambda-cyhalothrin to control adult L. oryzophilus, populations of nontarget beneficial insects, such as T. lateralis and N. indica, could be adversely affected, whereas nontarget pestilent species, such as An. quadrimaculatus, could proliferate. Fipronil achieved higher percentages of control against An. quadrimaculatus, compared to lambda-cyhalothrin, and was less harmful to both nontarget predators.

The use of database management systems and artificial intelligence in automating the planning of optical navigation pictures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Davis, Robert P.; Underwood, Ian M.

1987-01-01

The use of database management systems (DBMS) and AI to minimize human involvement in the planning of optical navigation pictures for interplanetary space probes is discussed, with application to the Galileo mission. Parameters characterizing the desirability of candidate pictures, and the program generating them, are described. How these parameters automatically build picture records in a database, and the definition of the database structure, are then discussed. The various rules, priorities, and constraints used in selecting pictures are also described. An example is provided of an expert system, written in Prolog, for automatically performing the selection process.

A Formalization of HIPAA for a Medical Messaging System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lam, Peifung E.; Mitchell, John C.; Sundaram, Sharada

The complexity of regulations in healthcare, financial services, and other industries makes it difficult for enterprises to design and deploy effective compliance systems. We believe that in some applications, it may be practical to support compliance by using formalized portions of applicable laws to regulate business processes that use information systems. In order to explore this possibility, we use a stratified fragment of Prolog with limited use of negation to formalize a portion of the US Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). As part of our study, we also explore the deployment of our formalization in a prototype hospital Web portal messaging system.

The load shedding advisor: An example of a crisis-response expert system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bollinger, Terry B.; Lightner, Eric; Laverty, John; Ambrose, Edward

1987-01-01

A Prolog-based prototype expert system is described that was implemented by the Network Operations Branch of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. The purpose of the prototype was to test whether a small, inexpensive computer system could be used to host a load shedding advisor, a system which would monitor major physical environment parameters in a computer facility, then recommend appropriate operator reponses whenever a serious condition was detected. The resulting prototype performed significantly to efficiency gains achieved by replacing a purely rule-based design methodology with a hybrid approach that combined procedural, entity-relationship, and rule-based methods.

Ultraviolet interstellar linear polarization. 2: The wavelength dependence

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clayton, Geoffrey C.; Wolff, Michael J.; Allen, R. G.; Lupie, O. L.

1995-01-01

We present new ultraviolet (UV) polarimetry of the well-studied interstellar line of sight toward HD 204827 obtained with the Faint Object Spectrograph on Hubble Space Telescope. HD 204827 is of great interest because the dust along this line of sight has extremely low values of both lambda(sub max) and R(sub V). Its far-UV extinction is very large, reflecting its small R(sub V) value. In addition, we reexamine the entire sample of 14 interstellar lines of sight for which there are now UV polarization data. We find that the previously suggested relationship between lambda(sub max) and the wavelength dependence of the polarization in the UV is strongly supported by the data for this larger sample including HD 204827. Seven stars with lambda(sub max) greater than or equal to 0.54 micron agree well with an extrapolation of the Serkowski relation into the UV while seven stars with lambda(sub max) less than or equal to 0.53 micron show polarization in excess of the Serkowski extrapolation (super-Serkowski). However, the division of the observed lines of sight into Serkowski and super-Serkowski categories is artificial. In fact, the amount of polarization in the UV is correlated with a single parameter, lambda(sub max). This may indicate that there is a mean interstellar polarization law analogous to the mean interstellar extinction law of Cardelli, Calyton, & Mathis which is based on R(sub V). The data are consistent with a linear relationship between 1/lambda(sub max) and rho(UV)/rho(sub max) but more data are needed to define the functional form. We suggest that the Serkowski and super-Serkowski designations be replaced by high and low lambda(sub max) which are more physically descriptive. At the same time, we note that all seven super-Serkowski (low lambda(sub max)) stars lie in a relatively small region of the sky between l(sup II) = 90 deg - 150 deg and b = -5 deg - 15 deg. These stars all lie in or behind a spur of the local Orion spiral arm. Similarly, most of the Serkowski (high lambda(sub max) stars lie in or near the Scorpio-Centaurus OB Association. So lines of sight covering larger areas of the sky are needed to test the universality of the lambda(sub max)/UV polarization relationship. The recent discovery of warm dust near HD 197770 suggests the possibility that a mechanism other than the traditional alignment to the Galactic magnetic field may be invoked to explain its 2175 A polarization bump.

Model Identification and Control System Design for the Lambda Unmanned Research Vehicle

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-09-01

AD-A241 859 D T IC_ _ _ _ _ __ OCT 21921MODEL IDENTIFICATION AND CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN FOR THE LAMBDA UNMANNED RESEARCH VEHICLE: THESIS Gerald A...23 191K MODEL IDENTIFICATION AND CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN FOR THE LAMBDA UNMANNED RESEARCH VEHICLE THESIS Gerald A. Swift, First Lieutenant, USAF AFIT...UNMANNED RESEARCH VEHICLE THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the School of Engineering of the Air Force Institute of Technology Air University in Partial

FY04 IRAD-funded GSFC Lambda Network (L-Net) Web Pages and Related Presentations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gary, J. Patrick

2005-01-01

This presentation discusses the advances in Networking Technology combining the Global Lambda Integrated Facility (GLIF) cooperation with the National Lambda Rail (NLR) implementation. It also focuses on New NASA science needing Gigbit per second networks (Gbps) with coordinated Earth Observing Program, hurricane predictions, global aerosols, remote viewing and manipulation of large Earth Science Data Sets, integration of laser and radar topographic data with land cover data.

Regional Listening Forums: An Examination of the Methodologies Used by the Child Welfare League of America and Lambda Legal to Highlight the Experiences of LGBTQ Youth in Care

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Woronoff, Rob; Estrada, Rudy

2006-01-01

In 2002, the Child Welfare League of America (CWLA) and the Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund began Fostering Transitions: CWLA/Lambda Joint Initiative to Support LGBTQ Youth and Adults Involved with the Child Welfare System. To document the needs of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) youth, as well as identify…

Difluoro-lambda(5)-phosphinonitrile F(2)P[triple bond]N: matrix isolation and photoisomerization into FP=NF.

PubMed

Zeng, Xiaoqing; Beckers, Helmut; Willner, Helge

2009-01-01

Splendid isolation: Monomeric phosphazene F(2)PN ((1)A(1)) was prepared for the first time through irradiation of F(2)PN(3) in an argon matrix with an ArF excimer laser (lambda=193 nm). Upon subsequent irradiation with a high-pressure mercury arc lamp (lambda=255 nm), F(2)PN undergoes a 1,2-fluorine shift to give iminophosphane cis-FP=NF.

Observation of the Heavy Baryons Sigma b and Sigma b*.

PubMed

Aaltonen, T; Abulencia, A; Adelman, J; Affolder, T; Akimoto, T; Albrow, M G; Amerio, S; Amidei, D; Anastassov, A; Anikeev, K; Annovi, A; Antos, J; Aoki, M; Apollinari, G; Arisawa, T; Artikov, A; Ashmanskas, W; Attal, A; Aurisano, A; Azfar, F; Azzi-Bacchetta, P; Azzurri, P; Bacchetta, N; Badgett, W; Barbaro-Galtieri, A; Barnes, V E; Barnett, B A; Baroiant, S; Bartsch, V; Bauer, G; Beauchemin, P-H; Bedeschi, F; Behari, S; Bellettini, G; Bellinger, J; Belloni, A; Benjamin, D; Beretvas, A; Beringer, J; Berry, T; Bhatti, A; Binkley, M; Bisello, D; Bizjak, I; Blair, R E; Blocker, C; Blumenfeld, B; Bocci, A; Bodek, A; Boisvert, V; Bolla, G; Bolshov, A; Bortoletto, D; Boudreau, J; Boveia, A; Brau, B; Brigliadori, L; Bromberg, C; Brubaker, E; Budagov, J; Budd, H S; Budd, S; Burkett, K; Busetto, G; Bussey, P; Buzatu, A; Byrum, K L; Cabrera, S; Campanelli, M; Campbell, M; Canelli, F; Canepa, A; Carillo, S; Carlsmith, D; Carosi, R; Carron, S; Casal, B; Casarsa, M; Castro, A; Catastini, P; Cauz, D; Cavalli-Sforza, M; Cerri, A; Cerrito, L; Chang, S H; Chen, Y C; Chertok, M; Chiarelli, G; Chlachidze, G; Chlebana, F; Cho, I; Cho, K; Chokheli, D; Chou, J P; Choudalakis, G; Chuang, S H; Chung, K; Chung, W H; Chung, Y S; Cilijak, M; Ciobanu, C I; Ciocci, M A; Clark, A; Clark, D; Coca, M; Compostella, G; Convery, M E; Conway, J; Cooper, B; Copic, K; Cordelli, M; Cortiana, G; Crescioli, F; Cuenca Almenar, C; Cuevas, J; Culbertson, R; Cully, J C; DaRonco, S; Datta, M; D'Auria, S; Davies, T; Dagenhart, D; de Barbaro, P; De Cecco, S; Deisher, A; De Lentdecker, G; De Lorenzo, G; Dell'Orso, M; Delli Paoli, F; Demortier, L; Deng, J; Deninno, M; De Pedis, D; Derwent, P F; Di Giovanni, G P; Dionisi, C; Di Ruzza, B; Dittmann, J R; D'Onofrio, M; Dörr, C; Donati, S; Dong, P; Donini, J; Dorigo, T; Dube, S; Efron, J; Erbacher, R; Errede, D; Errede, S; Eusebi, R; Fang, H C; Farrington, S; Fedorko, I; Fedorko, W T; Feild, R G; Feindt, M; Fernandez, J P; Field, R; Flanagan, G; Forrest, R; Forrester, S; Franklin, M; Freeman, J C; Furic, I; Gallinaro, M; Galyardt, J; Garcia, J E; Garberson, F; Garfinkel, A F; Gay, C; Gerberich, H; Gerdes, D; Giagu, S; Giannetti, P; Gibson, K; Gimmell, J L; Ginsburg, C; Giokaris, N; Giordani, M; Giromini, P; Giunta, M; Giurgiu, G; Glagolev, V; Glenzinski, D; Gold, M; Goldschmidt, N; Goldstein, J; Golossanov, A; Gomez, G; Gomez-Ceballos, G; Goncharov, M; González, O; Gorelov, I; Goshaw, A T; Goulianos, K; Gresele, A; Grinstein, S; Grosso-Pilcher, C; Grundler, U; Guimaraes da Costa, J; Gunay-Unalan, Z; Haber, C; Hahn, K; Hahn, S R; Halkiadakis, E; Hamilton, A; Han, B-Y; Han, J Y; Handler, R; Happacher, F; Hara, K; Hare, D; Hare, M; Harper, S; Harr, R F; Harris, R M; Hartz, M; Hatakeyama, K; Hauser, J; Hays, C; Heck, M; Heijboer, A; Heinemann, B; Heinrich, J; Henderson, C; Herndon, M; Heuser, J; Hidas, D; Hill, C S; Hirschbuehl, D; Hocker, A; Holloway, A; Hou, S; Houlden, M; Hsu, S-C; Huffman, B T; Hughes, R E; Husemann, U; Huston, J; Incandela, J; Introzzi, G; Iori, M; Ivanov, A; Iyutin, B; James, E; Jang, D; Jayatilaka, B; Jeans, D; Jeon, E J; Jindariani, S; Johnson, W; Jones, M; Joo, K K; Jun, S Y; Jung, J E; Junk, T R; Kamon, T; Karchin, P E; Kato, Y; Kemp, Y; Kephart, R; Kerzel, U; Khotilovich, V; Kilminster, B; Kim, D H; Kim, H S; Kim, J E; Kim, M J; Kim, S B; Kim, S H; Kim, Y K; Kimura, N; Kirsch, L; Klimenko, S; Klute, M; Knuteson, B; Ko, B R; Kondo, K; Kong, D J; Konigsberg, J; Korytov, A; Kotwal, A V; Kraan, A C; Kraus, J; Kreps, M; Kroll, J; Krumnack, N; Kruse, M; Krutelyov, V; Kubo, T; Kuhlmann, S E; Kuhr, T; Kulkarni, N P; Kusakabe, Y; Kwang, S; Laasanen, A T; Lai, S; Lami, S; Lammel, S; Lancaster, M; Lander, R L; Lannon, K; Lath, A; Latino, G; Lazzizzera, I; LeCompte, T; Lee, J; Lee, J; Lee, Y J; Lee, S W; Lefèvre, R; Leonardo, N; Leone, S; Levy, S; Lewis, J D; Lin, C; Lin, C S; Lindgren, M; Lipeles, E; Lister, A; Litvintsev, D O; Liu, T; Lockyer, N S; Loginov, A; Loreti, M; Lu, R-S; Lucchesi, D; Lujan, P; Lukens, P; Lungu, G; Lyons, L; Lys, J; Lysak, R; Lytken, E; Mack, P; MacQueen, D; Madrak, R; Maeshima, K; Makhoul, K; Maki, T; Maksimovic, P; Malde, S; Malik, S; Manca, G; Manousakis, A; Margaroli, F; Marginean, R; Marino, C; Marino, C P; Martin, A; Martin, M; Martin, V; Martínez, M; Martínez-Ballarín, R; Maruyama, T; Mastrandrea, P; Masubuchi, T; Matsunaga, H; Mattson, M E; Mazini, R; Mazzanti, P; McFarland, K S; McIntyre, P; McNulty, R; Mehta, A; Mehtala, P; Menzemer, S; Menzione, A; Merkel, P; Mesropian, C; Messina, A; Miao, T; Miladinovic, N; Miles, J; Miller, R; Mills, C; Milnik, M; Mitra, A; Mitselmakher, G; Miyamoto, A; Moed, S; Moggi, N; Mohr, B; Moon, C S; Moore, R; Morello, M; Movilla Fernandez, P; Mülmenstädt, J; Mukherjee, A; Muller, Th; Mumford, R; Murat, P; Mussini, M; Nachtman, J; Nagano, A; Naganoma, J; Nakamura, K; Nakano, I; Napier, A; Necula, V; Neu, C; Neubauer, M S; Nielsen, J; Nodulman, L; Norniella, O; Nurse, E; Oh, S H; Oh, Y D; Oksuzian, I; Okusawa, T; Oldeman, R; Orava, R; Osterberg, K; Pagliarone, C; 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Shepard, P F; Sherman, D; Shimojima, M; Shochet, M; Shon, Y; Shreyber, I; Sidoti, A; Sinervo, P; Sisakyan, A; Slaughter, A J; Slaunwhite, J; Sliwa, K; Smith, J R; Snider, F D; Snihur, R; Soderberg, M; Soha, A; Somalwar, S; Sorin, V; Spalding, J; Spinella, F; Spreitzer, T; Squillacioti, P; Stanitzki, M; Staveris-Polykalas, A; St Denis, R; Stelzer, B; Stelzer-Chilton, O; Stentz, D; Strologas, J; Stuart, D; Suh, J S; Sukhanov, A; Sun, H; Suslov, I; Suzuki, T; Taffard, A; Takashima, R; Takeuchi, Y; Tanaka, R; Tecchio, M; Teng, P K; Terashi, K; Tesarek, R J; Thom, J; Thompson, A S; Thomson, E; Tipton, P; Tiwari, V; Tkaczyk, S; Toback, D; Tokar, S; Tollefson, K; Tomura, T; Tonelli, D; Torre, S; Torretta, D; Tourneur, S; Trischuk, W; Tsuno, S; Tu, Y; Turini, N; Ukegawa, F; Uozumi, S; Vallecorsa, S; van Remortel, N; Varganov, A; Vataga, E; Vazquez, F; Velev, G; Vellidis, C; Veramendi, G; Veszpremi, V; Vidal, M; Vidal, R; Vila, I; Vilar, R; Vine, T; Vogel, M; Vollrath, I; Volobouev, I; Volpi, G; Würthwein, F; Wagner, P; Wagner, R G; Wagner, R L; Wagner, J; Wagner, W; Wallny, R; Wang, S M; Warburton, A; Waters, D; Weinberger, M; Wester, W C; Whitehouse, B; Whiteson, D; Wicklund, A B; Wicklund, E; Williams, G; Williams, H H; Wilson, P; Winer, B L; Wittich, P; Wolbers, S; Wolfe, C; Wright, T; Wu, X; Wynne, S M; Yagil, A; Yamamoto, K; Yamaoka, J; Yamashita, T; Yang, C; Yang, U K; Yang, Y C; Yao, W M; Yeh, G P; Yoh, J; Yorita, K; Yoshida, T; Yu, G B; Yu, I; Yu, S S; Yun, J C; Zanello, L; Zanetti, A; Zaw, I; Zhang, X; Zhou, J; Zucchelli, S

2007-11-16

We report an observation of new bottom baryons produced in pp collisions at the Tevatron. Using 1.1 fb(-1) of data collected by the CDF II detector, we observe four Lambda b 0 pi+/- resonances in the fully reconstructed decay mode Lambda b 0-->Lambda c + pi-, where Lambda c+-->pK* pi+. We interpret these states as the Sigma b(*)+/- baryons and measure the following masses: m Sigma b+=5807.8 -2.2 +2.0(stat.)+/-1.7(syst.) MeV/c2, m Sigma b- =5815.2+/-1.0(stat.)+/-1.7(syst.) MeV/c2, and m(Sigma b*)-m(Sigma b)=21.2-1.9 +2.0(stat.)-0.3+0.4(syst.) MeV/c2.

Study of Omega-proton correlations in heavy-ion collisions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Han, Yifei; STAR Collaboration

2015-10-01

Recently the STAR experiment at RHIC measured Lambda-Lambda correlations from Au+Au collisions at √{sNN} = 200 GeV to search for the H particle (uuddss). The correlation strength indicated that the Lambda-Lambda interaction is weak and is unlikely to be attractive enough to form a bound state. A recent lattice QCD calculation predicted a possible di-baryon bound state with Omega-nucleon. Thus, we will extend the correlation measurements to Omega-proton, which could potentially be a sensitive approach to search for such a state. We will present the Omega-proton correlations based on data collected by STAR in Au+Au collisions at √{sNN} =200 GeV, and discuss the physics implications. for the STAR collaboration.

Nonclassical Smoothening of Nanoscale Surface Corrugations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Erlebacher, Jonah; Aziz, Michael J.; Chason, Eric

2000-06-19

We report the first experimental observation of nonclassical morphological equilibration of a corrugated crystalline surface. Periodic rippled structures with wavelengths of 290-550 nm were made on Si(001) by sputter rippling and then annealed at 650-750 degree sign C . In contrast to the classical exponential decay with time, the ripple amplitude A{sub {lambda}}(t) followed an inverse linear decay, A{sub {lambda}}(t)=A{sub {lambda}}( 0)/(1+k{sub {lambda}}t) , agreeing with a prediction of Ozdemir and Zangwill. We measure the activation energy for surface relaxation to be 1.6{+-}0.2 eV , consistent with the fundamental energies of creation and migration on Si(001). (c) 2000 The Americanmore » Physical Society.« less

VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalog of Eq.Widths of Interstellar 217nm Band (Friedemann 1992)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Friedemann, C.

2005-03-01

(from CDS Inf. Bull. 40, 31) The main task of the catalogue consists in a comprehensive collection of equivalent widths of the 217nm band derived from both spectrophotometric and filterphotometric measurements obtained with TD-1, OAO-2 and ANS satellites. These data concern reddened O, B stars with color excesses E(B-V) >= 0.02 mag. The extinction curve is approximated by the empirical formula introduced by Guertler et al. (1982AN....303..105G) e({lambda}) = A(i/{lambda} - 1/{lambda}o)n + B + C {kappa}({lambda}) The relative errors amount to about {delta}A/A = +/- 0.10, {delta}B/B = +/- 0.02 and {delta}C/C = +/- 0.03. (1 data file).

Spectroscopic Research of Lambda Hypdernuclei at JLab Hall C

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gogami, Toshiyuki; et. al.,

2014-03-01

A Lambda hyperon which has a strangeness can be bound in deep inside of a nucleus since a Λ does not suffer from the Pauli exclusion principle from nucleons. Thus, a Λ could be a useful tool to investigate inside of a nucleus. Since 2000, Lambda hypernuclear spectroscopic experiments by the (e,e'k) reaction have been performed at the experimental hall C in Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab Hall C). An experiment, JLab E05-115 was carried out to investigate Lambda hypernuclei with a wide mass range (the mass number, A = 7, 9, 10, 12, 52). The latest analysis statusmore » of JLab E05-115 experiment is discussed in the present article.« less

The relationship between IR, optical, and UV extinction

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cardelli, Jason A.; Clayton, Geoffrey C.; Mathis, John S.

1989-01-01

An analysis is presented for the variability of absolute IR, optical, and UV extinction, A(sub lambda), derived through the ratio of total-to-selective extinction, R, for 31 lines of sight for which reliable UV extinction parameters were derived. These data sample a wide range of environments and are characterized by 2.5 is less than or equal to R is less than or equal to 6.0. It was found that there is a strong linear dependence between extinction expressed as A(sub lambda)/A(sub V) and 1/R for 1.25 micron is less than or equal to lambda is less than or equal to 0.12 micron. Differences in the general shape of extinction curves are largely due to variations in shape of optical/near-UV extinction corresponding to changes in R, with A(sub lambda)/A(sub V) decreasing for increasing R. From a least-squares fit of the observed R-dependence as a function of wavelength for 0.8/micron is less than or greater than 1/lambda is less than or equal to 8.3/micron, an analytic expression was generated from which IR, optical, and UV extinction curves of the form A(sub lambda)/A(sub V) can be reproduced with reasonable accuracy from a knowledge of R. It was also found that the absolute bump strength normalized to A(sub V) shows a general decrease with increasing R, suggesting that some fraction of bump grains may be selectively incorporated into coagulated grains. Finally, it was found that absolute extinction normalized by suitably chosen color indices results in a minimization of the R-dependence of portions of the UV curve, allowing A(sub lambda) to be estimated for these wavelengths independent of R.

Estimation of local scale dispersion from local breakthrough curves during a tracer test in a heterogeneous aquifer: the Lagrangian approach.

PubMed

Vanderborght, Jan; Vereecken, Harry

2002-01-01

The local scale dispersion tensor, Dd, is a controlling parameter for the dilution of concentrations in a solute plume that is displaced by groundwater flow in a heterogeneous aquifer. In this paper, we estimate the local scale dispersion from time series or breakthrough curves, BTCs, of Br concentrations that were measured at several points in a fluvial aquifer during a natural gradient tracer test at Krauthausen. Locally measured BTCs were characterized by equivalent convection dispersion parameters: equivalent velocity, v(eq)(x) and expected equivalent dispersivity, [lambda(eq)(x)]. A Lagrangian framework was used to approximately predict these equivalent parameters in terms of the spatial covariance of log(e) transformed conductivity and the local scale dispersion coefficient. The approximate Lagrangian theory illustrates that [lambda(eq)(x)] increases with increasing travel distance and is much larger than the local scale dispersivity, lambda(d). A sensitivity analysis indicates that [lambda(eq)(x)] is predominantly determined by the transverse component of the local scale dispersion and by the correlation scale of the hydraulic conductivity in the transverse to flow direction whereas it is relatively insensitive to the longitudinal component of the local scale dispersion. By comparing predicted [lambda(eq)(x)] for a range of Dd values with [lambda(eq)(x)] obtained from locally measured BTCs, the transverse component of Dd, DdT, was estimated. The estimated transverse local scale dispersivity, lambda(dT) = DdT/U1 (U1 = mean advection velocity) is in the order of 10(1)-10(2) mm, which is relatively large but realistic for the fluvial gravel sediments at Krauthausen.

Diffraction-Based Optical Switch

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sperno, Stevan M. (Inventor); Fuhr, Peter L. (Inventor); Schipper, John F. (Inventor)

2005-01-01

Method and system for controllably redirecting a light beam, having a central wavelength lambda, from a first light-receiving site to a second light-receiving site. A diffraction grating is attached to or part of a piezoelectric substrate, which is connected to one or two controllable voltage difference sources. When a substrate voltage difference is changed and the diffraction grating length in each of one or two directions is thereby changed, at least one of the diffraction angle, the diffraction order and the central wavelength is controllably changed. A diffracted light beam component, having a given wavelength, diffraction angle and diffraction order, that is initially received at a first light receiving site (e.g., a detector or optical fiber) is thereby controllably shifted or altered and can be received at a second light receiving site. A polynomially stepped, chirped grating is used in one embodiment. In another embodiment, an incident light beam, having at least one of first and second wavelengths, lambda1 and lambda2, is received and diffracted at a first diffraction grating to provide a first diffracted beam. The first diffracted beam is received and diffracted at a second diffraction grating to produce a second diffracted beam. The second diffracted beam is received at a light-sensitive transducer, having at least first and second spaced apart light detector elements that are positioned so that, when the incident light beam has wavelength lambda1 or lambda2 (lambda1 not equal to lambda2), the second diffracted beam is received at the first element or at the second element, respectively; change in a selected physical parameter at the second grating can also be sensed or measured. A sequence of spaced apart light detector elements can be positioned along a linear or curvilinear segment with equal or unequal spacing.

Data for polarization in charmless B{yields}{phi}K*: A signal for new physics?

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Das, Prasanta Kumar; Yang, K.-C.

2005-05-01

The recent observations of sizable transverse fractions of B{yields}{phi}K* may hint for the existence of new physics. We analyze all possible new-physics four-quark operators and find that two classes of new-physics operators could offer resolutions to the B{yields}{phi}K* polarization anomaly. The operators in the first class have structures (1-{gamma}{sub 5})x(1-{gamma}{sub 5}), {sigma}(1-{gamma}{sub 5})x{sigma}(1-{gamma}{sub 5}), and in the second class (1+{gamma}{sub 5})x(1+{gamma}{sub 5}), {sigma}(1+{gamma}{sub 5})x{sigma}(1+{gamma}{sub 5}). For each class, the new-physics effects can be lumped into a single parameter. Two possible experimental results of polarization phases, arg(A{sub perpendicular})-arg(A{sub parallel}){approx_equal}{pi} or 0, originating from the phase ambiguity in data, could be separatelymore » accounted for by our two new-physics scenarios: the first (second) scenario with the first (second) class new-physics operators. The consistency between the data and our new-physics analysis suggests a small new-physics weak phase, together with a large(r) strong phase. We obtain sizable transverse fractions {lambda}{sub parallel{sub parallel}}+{lambda}{sub perpendicular{sub perpendicular}}{approx_equal}{lambda}{sub 00}, in accordance with the observations. We find {lambda}{sub parallel{sub parallel}}{approx_equal}0.8{lambda}{sub perpendicular{sub perpendicular}} in the first scenario but {lambda}{sub parallel{sub parallel}} > or approx. {lambda}{sub perpendicular{sub perpendicular}} in the second scenario. We discuss the impact of the new-physics weak phase on observations.« less

Relationships between leaf chlorophyll content and spectral reflectance and algorithms for non-destructive chlorophyll assessment in higher plant leaves.

PubMed

Gitelson, Anatoly A; Gritz, Yuri; Merzlyak, Mark N

2003-03-01

Leaf chlorophyll content provides valuable information about physiological status of plants. Reflectance measurement makes it possible to quickly and non-destructively assess, in situ, the chlorophyll content in leaves. Our objective was to investigate the spectral behavior of the relationship between reflectance and chlorophyll content and to develop a technique for non-destructive chlorophyll estimation in leaves with a wide range of pigment content and composition using reflectance in a few broad spectral bands. Spectral reflectance of maple, chestnut, wild vine and beech leaves in a wide range of pigment content and composition was investigated. It was shown that reciprocal reflectance (R lambda)-1 in the spectral range lambda from 520 to 550 nm and 695 to 705 nm related closely to the total chlorophyll content in leaves of all species. Subtraction of near infra-red reciprocal reflectance, (RNIR)-1, from (R lambda)-1 made index [(R lambda)(-1)-(RNIR)-1] linearly proportional to the total chlorophyll content in spectral ranges lambda from 525 to 555 nm and from 695 to 725 nm with coefficient of determination r2 > 0.94. To adjust for differences in leaf structure, the product of the latter index and NIR reflectance [(R lambda)(-1)-(RNIR)-1]*(RNIR) was used; this further increased the accuracy of the chlorophyll estimation in the range lambda from 520 to 585 nm and from 695 to 740 nm. Two independent data sets were used to validate the developed algorithms. The root mean square error of the chlorophyll prediction did not exceed 50 mumol/m2 in leaves with total chlorophyll ranged from 1 to 830 mumol/m2.

The chemical composition of the Lambda Bootis stars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Baschek, B.; Slettebak, A.

1988-01-01

Measurements of the equivalent widths of 24 ultraviolet lines from IUE spectra of 10 Lambda Bootis or suspected Lambda Bootis stars and 19 normal standard stars of spectral types B8-A7 have been compared with line strengths determined using model atmospheres. Abundance differences are estimated via a differential analysis technique. It is found that the ratio of C, N, and O to the heavier elements Mg to Ni is significantly larger than that for solar composition stars.

Coupling of Charged Particles Via Coulombic Interactions: Numerical Simulations and Resultant Kappa-Like Velocity Space Distribution Functions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Randol, Brent M.; Christian, Eric R.

2016-01-01

A parametric study is performed using the electrostatic simulations of Randol and Christian (2014) in which the number density, n, and initial thermal speed, theta, are varied. The range of parameters covers an extremely broad plasma regime, all the way from the very weak coupling of space plasmas to the very strong coupling of solid plasmas. The first result is that simulations at the same Lambda(sub D), where Lambda(sub D) is the plasma coupling parameter, but at different combinations of n and theta, behave exactly the same. As a function of Lambda(sub D), the form of p(v), the velocity distribution function of v, the magnitude of v, the velocity vector, is studied. For intermediate to high D, heating is observed in p(v) that obeys conservation of energy, and a suprathermal tail is formed, with a spectral index that depends on Lambda(sub D). For strong coupling (Lambda(sub D) much > 1), the form of the tail is v5, consistent with the findings of Randol and Christian (2014). For weak coupling (Lambda(sub D much <1), no acceleration or heating occurs, as there is no free energy. The dependence on N, the number of particles in the simulation, is also explored. There is a subtle dependence in the index of the tail, such that v5 appears to be the N approaches infinity limit.

Efficient mass-selective three-photon ionization of zirconium atoms

DOEpatents

Page, R.H.

1994-12-27

In an AVLIS process, [sup 91]Zr is selectively removed from natural zirconium by a three-step photoionization wherein Zr atoms are irradiated by a laser beam having a wavelength [lambda][sub 1], selectively raising [sup 91]Zr atoms to an odd-parity E[sub 1] energy level in the range of 16000--19000 cm[sup [minus]1], are irradiated by a laser beam having a wavelength [lambda][sub 2] to raise the atoms from an E[sub l] level to an even-parity E[sub 2] energy level in the range of 35000--37000 cm[sup [minus]1] and are irradiated by a laser beam having a wavelength [lambda][sub 3] to cause a resonant transition of atoms from an E[sub 2] level to an autoionizing level above 53506 cm[sup [minus]1][lambda][sub 3] wavelengths of 5607, 6511 or 5756 [angstrom] will excite a zirconium atom from an E[sub 2] energy state of 36344 cm[sup [minus]1] to an autoionizing level; a [lambda][sub 3] wavelength of 5666 [angstrom] will cause an autoionizing transition from an E[sub 2] level of 36068 cm[sup [minus]1]; and a [lambda][sub 3] wavelength of 5662 [angstrom] will cause an ionizing resonance of an atom at an E[sub 2] level of 35904 cm[sup [minus]1]. 4 figures.

Hierarchical and non-hierarchical {lambda} elements for one dimensional problems with unknown strength of singularity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wong, K.K.; Surana, K.S.

1996-10-01

This paper presents a new and general procedure for designing hierarchical and non-hierarchical special elements called {lambda} elements for one dimensional singular problems where the strength of the singularity is unknown. The {lambda} element formulations presented here permit correct numerical simulation of linear as well as non-linear singular problems without a priori knowledge of the strength of the singularity. A procedure is also presented for determining the exact strength of the singularity using the converged solution. It is shown that in special instances, the general formulation of {lambda} elements can also be made hierarchical. The {lambda} elements presented here aremore » of type C{sup 0} and provide C{sup 0} inter-element continuity with p-version elements. One dimensional steady state radial flow of an upper convected Maxwell fluid is considered as a sample problem. Since in this case {lambda}{sub i} are known, this problem provides a good example for investigating the performance of the formulation proposed here. Least squares approach (or Least Squares Finite Element Formulation: LSFEF) is used to construct the integral form (error functional I) from the differential equations. Numerical studies are presented for radially inward flow of an upper convected Maxwell fluid with inner radius r{sub i} = .1 and .01 etc. and Deborah number De = 2.« less

Molecular epidemiology of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains by bacteriophage lambda restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis: application to a multistate foodborne outbreak and a day-care center cluster.

PubMed

Samadpour, M; Grimm, L M; Desai, B; Alfi, D; Ongerth, J E; Tarr, P I

1993-12-01

Genomic DNAs prepared from 168 isolates of Escherichia coli O157:H7 were analyzed for restriction fragment length polymorphisms on Southern blots probed with bacteriophage lambda DNA. The isolates analyzed included strains from a recent large multistate outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 infection associated with consumption of poorly cooked beef in restaurants, a day-care center cluster, and temporally and geographically unrelated isolates. E. coli O157:H7 isolates recovered from the incriminated meat and from 61 (96.8%) of 63 patients from Washington and Nevada possessed identical lambda restriction fragment length patterns. The lambda restriction fragment length polymorphisms observed in 11 (91.7%) of 12 day-care center patients were identical, but they differed from that of the strain associated with the multistate outbreak. E. coli O157:H7 from 42 patients temporally or geographically unrelated to either cluster of infection possessed unique and different lambda restriction fragment length patterns, except for paired isolates from three separate clusters of infection. These data demonstrate that the hybridization of DNA digests of E. coli O157:H7 with radiolabelled bacteriophage lambda DNA can be a useful, stable, and discriminatory epidemiologic tool for analyzing the linkage between strains of E. coli O157:H7.

Near-Infrared (0.67-4.7 microns) Optical Constants Estimated for Montmorillonite

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roush, T. L.

2005-01-01

Various models of the reflectance from particulate surfaces are used for interpretation of remote sensing data of solar system objects. These models rely upon the real (n) and imaginary (k) refractive indices of the materials. Such values are limited for commonly encountered silicates at visual and near-infrared wavelengths (lambda, 0.4-5 microns). Availability of optical constants for candidate materials allows more thorough modeling of the observations obtained by Earth-based telescopes and spacecraft. Two approaches for determining the absorption coefficient (alpha=2pik/lambda) from reflectance measurements of particulates have been described; one relies upon Kubelka-Munk theory and the other Hapke theory. Both have been applied to estimate alpha and k for various materials. Neither enables determination of the wavelength dependence of n, n=f(lambda). Thus, a mechanism providing this ability is desirable. Using Hapke-theory to estimate k from reflectance measurements requires two additional quantities be known or assumed: 1) n=f(lambda) and 2) d, the sample particle diameter. Typically n is assumed constant (c) or modestly varying with lambda; referred to here as n(sub 0). Assuming n(sub 0), at each lambda an estimate of k is used to calculate the reflectance and is iteratively adjusted until the difference between the model and measured reflectance is minimized. The estimated k's (k(sub 1)) are the final results, and this concludes the typical analysis.

Dynamic processes in Be star atmospheres. I - 'Dimple' formation in the He I lambda 6678 line of lambda Eridani

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, Myron A.; Polidan, Ronald S.

1993-01-01

Several examples of weakenings of the C IV and N V resonance lines are found to coincide with the appearance of lambda 6678 dimples. The absence of variations in other UV lines and in the UV continuum at the same time or nearly the same time argues against dimples being caused by thermal variations from the underlying star. It is instead suggested that the resonance line weakenings are caused by non-LTE effects associated with the condensation of high density structures at some elevation over the star. A simple model of an opaque, essentially stationary slab which backscatters lambda 6678 line radiation into a surrounding 'penumbral' region is presented. Lambda 6678 photons are scattered a second time in this region back into the observer's line of sight and in the process acquire the local projected Doppler shift from rotation. Slabs would probably produce too little emission to be easily detected in the H alpha profile. Their detection in strong He I lines seems the best strategy among early Be stars.

High resolution resonance ionization imaging detector and method

DOEpatents

Winefordner, James D.; Matveev, Oleg I.; Smith, Benjamin W.

1999-01-01

A resonance ionization imaging device (RIID) and method for imaging objects using the RIID are provided, the RIID system including a RIID cell containing an ionizable vapor including monoisotopic atoms or molecules, the cell being positioned to intercept scattered radiation of a resonance wavelength .lambda..sub.1 from the object which is to be detected or imaged, a laser source disposed to illuminate the RIID cell with laser radiation having a wavelength .lambda..sub.2 or wavelengths .lambda..sub.2, .lambda..sub.3 selected to ionize atoms in the cell that are in an excited state by virtue of having absorbed the scattered resonance laser radiation, and a luminescent screen at the back surface of the RIID cell which presents an image of the number and position of charged particles present in the RIID cell as a result of the ionization of the excited state atoms. The method of the invention further includes the step of initially illuminating the object to be detected or imaged with a laser having a wavelength selected such that the object will scatter laser radiation having the resonance wavelength .lambda..sub.1.

Optimization and application of influence function in abrasive jet polishing.

PubMed

Li, Zhaoze; Li, Shengyi; Dai, Yifan; Peng, Xiaoqiang

2010-05-20

We analyze the material removal mechanism of abrasive jet polishing (AJP) technology, based on the fluid impact dynamics theory. Combined with the computational fluid dynamics simulation and process experiments, influence functions at different impingement angles are obtained, which are not of a regular Gaussian shape and are unfit for the corrective figuring of optics. The influence function is then optimized to obtain an ideal Gaussian shape by rotating the oblique nozzle, and its stability is validated through a line scanning experiment. The fluctuation of the influence function can be controlled within +/-5%. Based on this, we build a computed numerically controlled experimental system for AJP, and one flat BK7 optical glass with a diameter of 20mm is polished. After two iterations of polishing, the peak-to-valley value decreases from 1.43lambda (lambda=632.8nm in this paper) to 0.294lambda, and the rms value decreases from 0.195lambda to 0.029lambda. The roughness of this polished surface is within 2nm. The experimental result indicates that the optimized influence function is suitable for precision optics figuring and polishing.

Effects of lambda-cyhalothrin on mosquito larvae and predatory aquatic insects.

PubMed

Lawler, Sharon P; Dritz, Deborah A; Christiansen, Julie A; Cornel, Anthony J

2007-03-01

Agricultural insecticides can affect mosquito production in rice fields by controlling mosquitoes, disrupting biological control or contributing to selection of insecticide resistance. The duration of insecticidal activity of the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin was quantified on predatory insects in rice fields and on three kinds of mosquito larva: a pyrethroid-susceptible strain of Culex tarsalis Coquillet, a pyrethroid-resistant strain of Cx pipiens L. (sensu lato) and non-resistant Cx pipiens s.l. Lambda-cyhalothrin killed most caged, susceptible mosquitoes for up to 21 days. It killed fewer resistant Cx pipiens s.l., but suppressed their survival for over a week. Lambda-cyhalothrin suppressed field populations of predatory insects through day 29. Agricultural use of lambda-cyhalothrin can provide incidental mosquito control. However, the pyrethroid persisted in sediment and gradually decreased in activity, which could contribute to selection of pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes. Because caged mosquitoes showed good survival before predators recovered, disruption of biological control is possible. It is therefore advisable for growers and mosquito control agencies to communicate about pesticide use. Copyright 2006 Society of Chemical Industry.

The interaction of E. coli integration host factor and lambda cos DNA: multiple complex formation and protein-induced bending.

PubMed Central

Kosturko, L D; Daub, E; Murialdo, H

1989-01-01

The interaction of E. coli's integration Host Factor (IHF) with fragments of lambda DNA containing the cos site has been studied by gel-mobility retardation and electron microscopy. The cos fragment used in the mobility assays is 398 bp and spans a region from 48,298 to 194 on the lambda chromosome. Several different complexes of IHF with this fragment can be distinguished by their differential mobility on polyacrylamide gels. Relative band intensities indicate that the formation of a complex between IHF and this DNA fragment has an equilibrium binding constant of the same magnitude as DNA fragments containing lambda's attP site. Gel-mobility retardation and electron microscopy have been employed to show that IHF sharply bends DNA near cos and to map the bending site. The protein-induced bend is near an intrinsic bend due to DNA sequence. The position of the bend suggests that IHF's role in lambda DNA packaging may be the enhancement of terminase binding/cos cutting by manipulating DNA structure. Images PMID:2521383

Synthesis of a metal oxide with a room-temperature photoreversible phase transition.

PubMed

Ohkoshi, Shin-Ichi; Tsunobuchi, Yoshihide; Matsuda, Tomoyuki; Hashimoto, Kazuhito; Namai, Asuka; Hakoe, Fumiyoshi; Tokoro, Hiroko

2010-07-01

Photoinduced phase-transition materials, such as chalcogenides, spin-crossover complexes, photochromic organic compounds and charge-transfer materials, are of interest because of their application to optical data storage. Here we report a photoreversible metal-semiconductor phase transition at room temperature with a unique phase of Ti(3)O(5), lambda-Ti(3)O(5). lambda-Ti(3)O(5) nanocrystals are made by the combination of reverse-micelle and sol-gel techniques. Thermodynamic analysis suggests that the photoinduced phase transition originates from a particular state of lambda-Ti(3)O(5) trapped at a thermodynamic local energy minimum. Light irradiation causes reversible switching between this trapped state (lambda-Ti(3)O(5)) and the other energy-minimum state (beta-Ti(3)O(5)), both of which are persistent phases. This is the first demonstration of a photorewritable phenomenon at room temperature in a metal oxide. lambda-Ti(3)O(5) satisfies the operation conditions required for a practical optical storage system (operational temperature, writing data by short wavelength light and the appropriate threshold laser power).

An accelerated lambda iteration method for multilevel radiative transfer. I - Non-overlapping lines with background continuum

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rybicki, G. B.; Hummer, D. G.

1991-01-01

A method is presented for solving multilevel transfer problems when nonoverlapping lines and background continuum are present and active continuum transfer is absent. An approximate lambda operator is employed to derive linear, 'preconditioned', statistical-equilibrium equations. A method is described for finding the diagonal elements of the 'true' numerical lambda operator, and therefore for obtaining the coefficients of the equations. Iterations of the preconditioned equations, in conjunction with the transfer equation's formal solution, are used to solve linear equations. Some multilevel problems are considered, including an eleven-level neutral helium atom. Diagonal and tridiagonal approximate lambda operators are utilized in the problems to examine the convergence properties of the method, and it is found to be effective for the line transfer problems.

Changes in brain cell shape create residual extracellular space volume and explain tortuosity behavior during osmotic challenge.

PubMed

Chen, K C; Nicholson, C

2000-07-18

Diffusion of molecules in brain extracellular space is constrained by two macroscopic parameters, tortuosity factor lambda and volume fraction alpha. Recent studies in brain slices show that when osmolarity is reduced, lambda increases while alpha decreases. In contrast, with increased osmolarity, alpha increases, but lambda attains a plateau. Using homogenization theory and a variety of lattice models, we found that the plateau behavior of lambda can be explained if the shape of brain cells changes nonuniformly during the shrinking or swelling induced by osmotic challenge. The nonuniform cellular shrinkage creates residual extracellular space that temporarily traps diffusing molecules, thus impeding the macroscopic diffusion. The paper also discusses the definition of tortuosity and its independence of the measurement frame of reference.

A Measurement of PSI(2S) Resonance Parameters

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dunwoodie, William

2002-11-08

Cross sections for e{sup +}e{sup -} {yields} hadrons, {pi}{sup +} {pi}{sup -} J/{psi}, and {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -} have been measured in the vicinity of the {psi}(2S) resonance using the BESII detector operated at the BEPC. The {psi}(2S) total width; partial widths to hadrons, {pi}{sup +} {pi}{sup -} J/{psi}, muons; and corresponding branching fractions have been determined to be {Lambda}{sub t} = 264 {+-} 27 keV; {Lambda}{sub h} = 258 {+-} 26 keV, {Lambda}{sub {mu}} = 2.44 {+-} 0.21 keV, and {Lambda}{sub {pi}+{pi} = J/{psi}} = 85.4 {+-} 8.7 keV; and B{sub h} = (97.79 {+-} 0.15)%, B{sub {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}}more » = (32.3 {+-} 1.4)%, B{sub {mu}} = (0.93 {+-} 0.08)%, respectively.« less

Analytic theory for the selection of Saffman-Taylor fingers in the presence of thin film effects

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tanveer, S.

1989-01-01

An analytic theory is presented for the width selection of Saffman-Taylor fingers in the presence of thin film effect. In the limit of small capillary number Ca and small gap to width ratio epsilon, such that epsilon much less than Ca much less than 1, it is found that fingers with relative width lambda less than 1/2 are possible such that lambda squared (1-lambda)/(1-2 lambda) = k epsilon/Ca(sup 3/2), where the positive constant k depends on the branch of solution and equals 2.776 for the first branch. A fully nonlinear analysis is necessary in this problem even to obtain the correct scaling law. It is also shown how in principle, the selection rule for arbitrary Ca can be obtained.

Spatiotemporal chaos near the onset of cellular growth during thin-film solidification of a binary alloy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, J. T. C.; Tsiveriotis, K.; Brown, R. A.

1992-01-01

Thin-film solidification experiments with a succinonitrile-acetone alloy are used to observe the long time-scale dynamics of cellular crystal growth at growth rates only slightly above the critical value VC = Vc(lambda sub c) for the onset of morphological instability. Under these conditions only very small amplitude cells are observed with wavelengths near the value predicted by linear stability theory lambda = lambda sub c. At long times, microstructures with wavelengths significantly finer than lambda suc c form by nucleation at defects across the interface. These interfaces do not have a unique microstructure, but seem to exhibit spatiotemporal chaos on a long time scale caused by the continual birth and death of cells by tip splitting and cell annihilation in grooves.

Observation of an antimatter hypernucleus.

PubMed

Abelev, B I; Aggarwal, M M; Ahammed, Z; Alakhverdyants, A V; Alekseev, I; Anderson, B D; Arkhipkin, D; Averichev, G S; Balewski, J; Barnby, L S; Baumgart, S; Beavis, D R; Bellwied, R; Betancourt, M J; Betts, R R; Bhasin, A; Bhati, A K; Bichsel, H; Bielcik, J; Bielcikova, J; Biritz, B; Bland, L C; Bonner, B E; Bouchet, J; Braidot, E; Brandin, A V; Bridgeman, A; Bruna, E; Bueltmann, S; Bunzarov, I; Burton, T P; Cai, X Z; Caines, H; Calderon, M; Catu, O; Cebra, D; Cendejas, R; Cervantes, M C; Chajecki, Z; Chaloupka, P; Chattopadhyay, S; Chen, H F; Chen, J H; Chen, J Y; Cheng, J; Cherney, M; Chikanian, A; Choi, K E; Christie, W; Chung, P; Clarke, R F; Codrington, M J M; Corliss, R; Cramer, J G; Crawford, H J; Das, D; Dash, S; Davila Leyva, A; De Silva, L C; Debbe, R R; Dedovich, T G; DePhillips, M; Derevschikov, A A; Derradi de Souza, R; Didenko, L; Djawotho, P; Dogra, S M; Dong, X; Drachenberg, J L; Draper, J E; Dunlop, J C; Dutta Mazumdar, M R; Efimov, L G; Elhalhuli, E; Elnimr, M; Engelage, J; Eppley, G; Erazmus, B; Estienne, M; Eun, L; Evdokimov, O; Fachini, P; Fatemi, R; Fedorisin, J; Fersch, R G; Filip, P; Finch, E; Fine, V; Fisyak, Y; Gagliardi, C A; Gangadharan, D R; Ganti, M S; Garcia-Solis, E J; Geromitsos, A; Geurts, F; Ghazikhanian, V; Ghosh, P; Gorbunov, Y N; Gordon, A; Grebenyuk, O; Grosnick, D; Grube, B; Guertin, S M; Gupta, A; Gupta, N; Guryn, W; Haag, B; Hamed, A; Han, L-X; Harris, J W; Hays-Wehle, J P; Heinz, M; Heppelmann, S; Hirsch, A; Hjort, E; Hoffman, A M; Hoffmann, G W; Hofman, D J; Hollis, R S; Huang, B; Huang, H Z; Humanic, T J; Huo, L; Igo, G; Iordanova, A; Jacobs, P; Jacobs, W W; Jakl, P; Jena, C; Jin, F; Jones, C L; Jones, P G; Joseph, J; Judd, E G; Kabana, S; Kajimoto, K; Kang, K; Kapitan, J; Kauder, K; Keane, D; Kechechyan, A; Kettler, D; Kikola, D P; Kiryluk, J; Kisiel, A; Klein, S R; Knospe, A G; Kocoloski, A; Koetke, D D; Kollegger, T; Konzer, J; Kopytine, M; Koralt, I; Koroleva, L; Korsch, W; Kotchenda, L; Kouchpil, V; Kravtsov, P; Krueger, K; Krus, M; Kumar, L; Kurnadi, P; Lamont, M A C; Landgraf, J M; LaPointe, S; Lauret, J; Lebedev, A; Lednicky, R; Lee, C-H; Lee, J H; Leight, W; Levine, M J; Li, C; Li, L; Li, N; Li, W; Li, X; Li, Y; Li, Z; Lin, G; Lindenbaum, S J; Lisa, M A; Liu, F; Liu, H; Liu, J; Ljubicic, T; Llope, W J; Longacre, R S; Love, W A; Lu, Y; Luo, X; Ma, G L; Ma, Y G; Mahapatra, D P; Majka, R; Mal, O I; Mangotra, L K; Manweiler, R; Margetis, S; Markert, C; Masui, H; Matis, H S; Matulenko, Yu A; McDonald, D; McShane, T S; Meschanin, A; Milner, R; Minaev, N G; Mioduszewski, S; Mischke, A; Mitrovski, M K; Mohanty, B; Mondal, M M; Morozov, B; Morozov, D A; Munhoz, M G; Nandi, B K; Nattrass, C; Nayak, T K; Nelson, J M; Netrakanti, P K; Ng, M J; Nogach, L V; Nurushev, S B; Odyniec, G; Ogawa, A; Okada, H; Okorokov, V; Olson, D; Pachr, M; Page, B S; Pal, S K; Pandit, Y; Panebratsev, Y; Pawlak, T; Peitzmann, T; Perevoztchikov, V; Perkins, C; Peryt, W; Phatak, S C; Pile, P; Planinic, M; Ploskon, M A; Pluta, J; Plyku, D; Poljak, N; Poskanzer, A M; Potukuchi, B V K S; Powell, C B; Prindle, D; Pruneau, C; Pruthi, N K; Pujahari, P R; Putschke, J; Qiu, H; Raniwala, R; Raniwala, S; Ray, R L; Redwine, R; Reed, R; Ritter, H G; Roberts, J B; Rogachevskiy, O V; Romero, J L; Rose, A; Roy, C; Ruan, L; Sahoo, R; Sakai, S; Sakrejda, I; Sakuma, T; Salur, S; Sandweiss, J; Sangaline, E; Schambach, J; Scharenberg, R P; Schmitz, N; Schuster, T R; Seele, J; Seger, J; Selyuzhenkov, I; Seyboth, P; Shahaliev, E; Shao, M; Sharma, M; Shi, S S; Sichtermann, E P; Simon, F; Singaraju, R N; Skoby, M J; Smirnov, N; Sorensen, P; Sowinski, J; Spinka, H M; Srivastava, B; Stanislaus, T D S; Staszak, D; Stevens, J R; Stock, R; Strikhanov, M; Stringfellow, B; Suaide, A A P; Suarez, M C; Subba, N L; Sumbera, M; Sun, X M; Sun, Y; Sun, Z; Surrow, B; Svirida, D N; Symons, T J M; Szanto de Toledo, A; Takahashi, J; Tang, A H; Tang, Z; Tarini, L H; Tarnowsky, T; Thein, D; Thomas, J H; Tian, J; Timmins, A R; Timoshenko, S; Tlusty, D; Tokarev, M; Trainor, T A; Tram, V N; Trentalange, S; Tribble, R E; Tsai, O D; Ulery, J; Ullrich, T; Underwood, D G; Van Buren, G; van Leeuwen, M; van Nieuwenhuizen, G; Vanfossen, J A; Varma, R; Vasconcelos, G M S; Vasiliev, A N; Videbaek, F; Viyogi, Y P; Vokal, S; Voloshin, S A; Wada, M; Walker, M; Wang, F; Wang, G; Wang, H; Wang, J S; Wang, Q; Wang, X L; Wang, Y; Webb, G; Webb, J C; Westfall, G D; Whitten, C; Wieman, H; Wingfield, E; Wissink, S W; Witt, R; Wu, Y; Xie, W; Xu, H; Xu, N; Xu, Q H; Xu, W; Xu, Y; Xu, Z; Xue, L; Yang, Y; Yepes, P; Yip, K; Yoo, I-K; Yue, Q; Zawisza, M; Zbroszczyk, H; Zhan, W; Zhang, J; Zhang, S; Zhang, W M; Zhang, X P; Zhang, Y; Zhang, Z P; Zhao, J; Zhong, C; Zhou, J; Zhou, W; Zhu, X; Zhu, Y H; Zoulkarneev, R; Zoulkarneeva, Y

2010-04-02

Nuclear collisions recreate conditions in the universe microseconds after the Big Bang. Only a very small fraction of the emitted fragments are light nuclei, but these states are of fundamental interest. We report the observation of antihypertritons--comprising an antiproton, an antineutron, and an antilambda hyperon--produced by colliding gold nuclei at high energy. Our analysis yields 70 +/- 17 antihypertritons ((Lambda)(3)-H) and 157 +/- 30 hypertritons (Lambda3H). The measured yields of Lambda3H ((Lambda)(3)-H) and 3He (3He) are similar, suggesting an equilibrium in coordinate and momentum space populations of up, down, and strange quarks and antiquarks, unlike the pattern observed at lower collision energies. The production and properties of antinuclei, and of nuclei containing strange quarks, have implications spanning nuclear and particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology.

X-Ray Flare Characteristics in the B2e Star Lambda Eridani (ROSAT)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, Myron A.

1997-01-01

We document the results of a simultaneous wavelength monitoring on the B2e star (lambda) Eri. This campaign was carried out from ground stations and with the ROSAT, ASCA, IUE, and Voyager 2 space platforms during a week in February-March 1995; a smaller follow-up was conducted in September 1995. During the first of these intervals (lambda) Eri exhibited extraordinary wind and disk-ejection activity. The ROSAT/HRI X-ray light curves showed no large flares such as the one the ROSAT/PSCA observed in 1991. However, possible low level fluctuations in the February-March ROSAT data occurred at the same time as unusual activity in H(alpha) He I (lambda)6678, He II (lambda)1640, and the C IV doublet. For example, the hydrogen and helium lines exhibited an emission in the blue half of their profiles, probably lasting several hours. The C IV lines showed a strong high-velocity Discrete Absorption Component (DAC) accompanied by unusually strong absorption at lower velocities. The helium line activity suggests that a mass ejection occurred at the base of the wind while the strong C III (Voyager) and C IV (IUE) lines implies that shock interactions occurred in the wind flow. It is not clear that the X-ray elevations are directly related to the strong C IV absorptions because the former changed on a much more rapid timescale than absorptions in the C IV lines. Within hours of the mild X-ray flux variations found by ROSAT on February 28, the Voyager UVS observed a "ringing" that decayed over three 3-hr. cycles. The amplitude of these fluctuations was strong (50%) at (lambda)(lambda)950-1100, decreased rapidly with wavelength, and faded to nondetection longward of (lambda)1300. Various considerations indicate that these continuum variations were not due to an instrumental pathology in the UVS. Rather, they appear to be due to a time-dependent flux deficit in the (lambda)(lambda)950-1250 region. We outline a scenario in which a dense plasma structure over the star's surface is heated and cooled quasi-periodically to produce such flux changes. Observations of new examples of this phenomenon are badly needed. Amateur astronomers can make a significant contribution to its understanding by searching for ringing in light curves of Be stars during their outburst phases. Finally we draw attention to an increase in the emission of the H(alpha) line that occurred at about the time the FUV ringing started. This increased emission hints that approximately 50,000K plasma near the star's surface can influence the circumstellar disc at approximately 12R. by its increased Lyman continuum flux.

Multiband VLBI Observations of CTA102

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rantakyro, F. T.; Baath, L. B.; Dallacasa, D.; Jones, D. L.; Wehrle, A. E.

1995-01-01

The source CTA102, known to exhibit low frequency variability, has been observed at six epochs (three at lambda 32 cm, two at lambda 18 cm, and one at lambda l.3 cm) with intercontinental VLBI arrays. On the basis of the changes observed in the structure, we believe that the flux density variations at these wavelengths are due to intrinsic processes and not due to interstellar scintillation. This source exhibits behaviour suggestive of being expanding with a very high apparent transverse velocity.

The algebraic theory of latent projectors in lambda matrices

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Denman, E. D.; Leyva-Ramos, J.; Jeon, G. J.

1981-01-01

Multivariable systems such as a finite-element model of vibrating structures, control systems, and large-scale systems are often formulated in terms of differential equations which give rise to lambda matrices. The present investigation is concerned with the formulation of the algebraic theory of lambda matrices and the relationship of latent roots, latent vectors, and latent projectors to the eigenvalues, eigenvectors, and eigenprojectors of the companion form. The chain rule for latent projectors and eigenprojectors for the repeated latent root or eigenvalues is given.

New theory of transport due to like-particle collisions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Oneil, T. M.

1985-01-01

Cross-magnetic-field transport due to like-particle collisions is discussed for the parameter regime lambda sub D much greater than r sub L, where lambda sub D is the Debye length and r sub L is the characteristic Larmor radius of the colliding particles. A new theory based on collisionally produced E x B drifts predicts a particle flux which exceeds the flux predicted previously, by the factor (lambda sub D/r sub L)-squared much greater than 1.

D = 5 Einstein-Maxwell-Chern-Simons black holes.

PubMed

Kunz, Jutta; Navarro-Lérida, Francisco

2006-03-03

Five-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory with a Chern-Simons coefficient lambda = 1 has supersymmetric black holes with a vanishing horizon angular velocity but finite angular momentum. Here supersymmetry is associated with a borderline between stability and instability, since for lambda > 1 a rotational instability arises, where counterrotating black holes appear, whose horizon rotates in the opposite sense to the angular momentum. For lambda > 2 black holes are no longer uniquely characterized by their global charges, and rotating black holes with vanishing angular momentum appear.

Half molecular exchange of IgGs in the blood of healthy humans: chimeric lambda-kappa-immunoglobulins containing HL fragments of antibodies of different subclasses (IgG1-IgG4).

PubMed

Sedykh, Sergey E; Lekchnov, Evgenii A; Prince, Viktor V; Buneva, Valentina N; Nevinsky, Georgy A

2016-10-20

In the classic paradigm, immunoglobulins represent products of clonal B cell populations, each producing antibodies recognizing a single antigen (monospecific). There is a common belief that IgGs in mammalian biological fluids are monospecific molecules having stable structures and two identical antigen-binding sites. But the issue concerning the possibility of exchange by HL-fragments between the antibody molecules in human blood is still unexplored. Different physico-chemical and immunological methods for analysis of half-molecule exchange between human blood IgGs were used. Using eighteen blood samples of healthy humans we have shown unexpected results for the first time: blood antibodies undergo extensive post-transcriptional half-molecule exchange and IgG pools on average consist of 62.4 ± 6.5% IgGs containing kappa light chains (kappa-kappa-IgGs), 29.8.6 ± 5.4% lambda light chains (lambda-lambda-IgGs), and 8.8 ± 2.7% (range 2.6-16.8%) IgGs containing both kappa- and lambda-light chains. Kappa-kappa-IgGs and lambda-lambda-IgGs contained on average (%): IgG1 (36.0 and 32.3), IgG2 (50.9 and 51.4), IgG3 (9.7 and 9.9), and IgG4 (6.5 and 5.7), while chimeric kappa-lambda-IgGs consisted of (%): 25.5 ± 4.2 IgG1, 50.8 ± 3.9 IgG2, 9.1 ± 2.1 IgG3, and 14.5 ± 2.2 IgG4. Our unexpected data are indicative of the possibility of half-molecule exchange between blood IgGs of various subclasses, raised against different antigens. The existence of blood chimeric bifunctional IgGs with different binding sites destroys the classic paradigm. Due to the phenomenon of polyspecificity and cross-reactivity of bifunctional IgGs containing HL-fragments of different types to different antigens, such IgGs may be important in human blood for widening their different biological functions.

How Well do State-of-the-Art Techniques Measuring the Vertical Profile of Tropospheric Aerosol Extinction Compare?

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schmid, B.; Ferrare, R.; Flynn, C.; Elleman, R.; Covert, D.; Strawa, A.; Welton, E.; Turner, D.; Jonsson, H.; Redemann, J.;

Response of different populations of seven lady beetle species to lambda-cyhalothrin with record of resistance.

PubMed

Rodrigues, Agna R S; Spindola, Aline F; Torres, Jorge B; Siqueira, Herbert A A; Colares, Felipe

2013-10-01

Simultaneous use of biological and chemical controls is a valued and historic goal of integrated pest management, but has rarely been achieved. One explanation for this failure may be the inadequate documentation of field populations of natural enemies for insecticide tolerance or resistance because natural enemies surviving insecticide application do not create problems like resistant pest species. Therefore, this study investigated 31 populations of lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) regarding their susceptibility to lambda-cyhalothrin, a pyrethroid insecticide that is widely used in cotton and other crops to control lepidopteran and coleopteran pests that are not targeted as prey by lady beetles. The study focused on seven coccinellid species common in cotton fields Coleomegilla maculata De Geer, Cycloneda sanguinea (L.), Eriopis connexa Germar, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville, Olla v-nigrum (Mulsant), and Brumoides foudrasi (Mulsant) and one lady beetle species [Curinus coeruleus Mulsant] from a non-cotton ecosystem for comparisons. Dose-mortality curves were estimated after topical treatment of adult lady beetles with lambda-cyhalothrin. Statistically significant variations in lady beetle susceptibility were observed between species and between populations of a given species. Seven and eighteen populations of lady beetles exhibited greater values of LD50 and LD90, respectively, than the highest recommended field rate of lambda-cyhalothrin (20g a.i./hectare≈0.2g a.i./L) for cotton fields in Brazil. Furthermore, based on LD50 values, 29 out of 30 tested populations of lady beetles exhibited ratios of relative tolerance varying from 2- to 215-fold compared to the toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin to the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boh. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Four populations of E. connexa were 10.5-37.7 times more tolerant than the most susceptible population and thus were considered to be resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin, the first record of resistance for this species. These findings demonstrate that field selection for resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin in common lady beetles is occurring, opening up possibilities to effectively integrate biological control where the popular insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin is used. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Phonological Interpretation into Preordered Algebras

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kubota, Yusuke; Pollard, Carl

We propose a novel architecture for categorial grammar that clarifies the relationship between semantically relevant combinatoric reasoning and semantically inert reasoning that only affects surface-oriented phonological form. To this end, we employ a level of structured phonology that mediates between syntax (abstract combinatorics) and phonology proper (strings). To notate structured phonologies, we employ a lambda calculus analogous to the φ-terms of [8]. However, unlike Oehrle's purely equational φ-calculus, our phonological calculus is inequational, in a way that is strongly analogous to the functional programming language LCF [10]. Like LCF, our phonological terms are interpreted into a Henkin frame of posets, with degree of definedness ('height' in the preorder that interprets the base type) corresponding to degree of pronounceability; only maximal elements are actual strings and therefore fully pronounceable. We illustrate with an analysis (also new) of some complex constituent-order phenomena in Japanese.

Structure parameters in rotating Couette-Poiseuille channel flow

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Knightly, George H.; Sather, D.

1986-01-01

It is well-known that a number of steady state problems in fluid mechanics involving systems of nonlinear partial differential equations can be reduced to the problem of solving a single operator equation of the form: v + lambda Av + lambda B(v) = 0, v is the summation of H, lambda is the summation of one-dimensional Euclid space, where H is an appropriate (real or complex) Hilbert space. Here lambda is a typical load parameter, e.g., the Reynolds number, A is a linear operator, and B is a quadratic operator generated by a bilinear form. In this setting many bifurcation and stability results for problems were obtained. A rotating Couette-Poiseuille channel flow was studied, and it showed that, in general, the superposition of a Poiseuille flow on a rotating Couette channel flow is destabilizing.

The origin of N III lambda 990 and C III lambda 977 emission in AGN narrow-line region gas

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ferguson, J. W.; Ferland, G. J.; Pradhan, A. K.

1995-01-01

We discuss implications of Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT) detections of C III lambda 977 and N III lambda 990 emission from the narrow-line region of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068. In their discovery paper Kriss et al. showed that the unexpectedly great strength of these lines implies that the emitting gas must be shock-heated if the lines are collisionally excited. Here we investigate other processes which excite these lines in photoionization equilibrium. Recombination, mainly dielectronic, and continuum fluorescence are strong contributors to the line. The resulting intensities are sensitive to the velocity field of the emitting gas and require that the turbulence be of the same order of magnitude as the observed line width. We propose optical observations that will decide whether the gas is collisionally or radiatively heated.

Dissipation kinetics of alpha-cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin residues in aboveground part of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.).

PubMed

Słowik-Borowiec, Magdalena

2016-09-01

Dissipation of simultaneously applied insecticides alpha-cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin was studied in a minor crop, aboveground part of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.). A validated gas chromatographic method (GC-ECD/NPD) was used to determine insecticide residues. Analytical performances were very satisfactory, with expanded uncertainties not higher than 14% (coverage factor k = 2, confidence level 95%). Dissipation of alpha-cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin in white mustard followed first-order kinetics (R(2) between 0.953 and 0.995), with half-lives of 3.1-4.6 and 2.9-3.7 days respectively. Based on the results of this two-year study and the relevant residue regulation, alpha-cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin treatments can be considered safe for crop protection, feeding animals and the environment.

Exploration of the cytotoxic effects of an insecticide, lambda cyhalothrine, on sexual exocrine function in the white rat.

PubMed

Lebaili, N; Saadi, L; Mosbah, R; Mechri, N

2008-01-01

Many xenobiotiques (solvents, pesticides, metals heavy.....) are suspected to be responsible for the fall of the male and female fertility. The purpose of this work is to study the insecticide impact, Lambda-cyhalothrine, managed by oral way during 7 days on the rat testicles histology. Wistar rats were given distilled water (controls) or containing 15,383 mg/kg or 23,075 mg/kg of Lambda-cyhalothrine. The exposure to this insecticide induced an increase in the diameters of the seminiferous tubes. The histological of the seminiferous tubes revealed deteriorations of the germinatif epithelium: blocking of the spermatogenesis, presence of the apoptotic cells and absence of the spermatozoids in certain lumens. All these histological alterations constitute a signs of cytotoxicity of Lambda-cyhalothrine on the male fertility in the Wistar rat.

Direct Isolation of Purines and Pyrimidines from Nucleic Acids Using Sublimation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Glavin, Daniel P.; Schubert, Michael; Bada, Jeffrey L.

2003-01-01

A sublimation technique was developed to isolate purines and pyrimidines directly from lambda-deoxyribonucleic acid (lambda-DNA) and Escherichia coli cells. The sublimation of adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine from lambda-DNA was tested under reduced pressure (approx. 0.5 Torr) at temperatures of >150 C. With the exception of guanine, approximately 60 -75% of each base was sublimed directly from the lambda-DNA and recovered on a coldfinger of the sublimation apparatus after heating to 450 C. Several nucleobases including adenine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil were also recovered from E. coli bacteria after heating the cells to the same temperature, although some thermal decomposition of the bases also occurred. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using sublimation to isolate purines and pyrimidines from native E. coli DNA and RNA without any chemical treatment of the cells.

Microstructural Evaluations of Baseline HSR/EPM Disk Alloys

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gabb, Timothy P.; Garg, Anita; Ellis, David L.

2004-01-01

Six alloys representing two classes of powder metallurgy nickel-based superalloys were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and phase extraction. Alloys KM4, CH98, IN-100 and 456 are based on a Ni-18Co-12Cr composition while alloys Rene' 88 DT and SR 3 have lower Al and Co and higher Cr contents. The lambda size distributions were determined from quantitative image analysis of the TEM images. The volume fraction of lambda and carbides and the composition of the phases were determined by a combination of phase extraction and TEM. The results showed many similarities in lambda size distributions, grain boundary serrations, and grain boundary carbide frequencies between alloys KM4, CH98, 456, Rene' 88 DT and SR 3 when heat treated to give an approximate grain size of ASTM 6. The density of grain boundary carbides in KM4 was shown to substantially increase as the grain size increased. IN-100 and 456 subjected to a serration cooling heat treatment had much more complex lambda size distributions with very large intergranular and intragranular secondary lambda as well as finer than average cooling and aging lambda. The grain boundary carbides in IN-100 were similar to the other alloys, but 456 given the serration cooling heat treatment had a more variable density of grain boundary carbides. Examination of the phases extracted from the matrix showed that there were significant differences in the phase chemistries and elemental partitioning ratios between the various alloys.

Toxic effects of lambda-cyhalothrin, a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide, on the rat kidney: Involvement of oxidative stress and protective role of ascorbic acid.

PubMed

Fetoui, Hamadi; Makni, Mohamed; Garoui, El Mouldi; Zeghal, Najiba

2010-11-01

Lambda-cyhalothrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide used worldwide in agriculture, home pest control, protection of foodstuff and disease vector control. The objective of this study was to investigate the propensity of lambda-cyhalothrin (LTC) to induce oxidative stress, changes in biochemical parameters and enzyme activities in the kidney of male rats and its possible attenuation by Vitamin C (vit C). Renal function, histopathology, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PCO) levels, antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were evaluated. Exposure of rats to lambda-cyhalothrin, during 3 weeks, caused a significant increase in kidney MDA and protein carbonyl levels (p<0.01) as compared to controls. Co-administration of vitamin C was effective in reducing MDA and PCO levels. The kidney of LTC-treated rats exhibited severe vacuolations, cells infiltration and widened tubular lumen. The activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were significantly decreased due to lambda-cyhalothrin exposure. Co-administration of vitamin C ameliorated the increase in enzymatic activities of aminotransferases (AST and ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine and urea levels and improved the antioxidant status. These data indicated the protective role of ascorbic acid against lambda-cyhalothrin-induced nephrotoxicity and suggested a significant contribution of its antioxidant property to these beneficial effects. Copyright © 2009 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

[A case of IgA2-lambda type M-protein that IgA concentration differs from the values of M-protein by serum protein electrophoresis].

PubMed

Fukushima, M; Sugano, M; Ichikawa, T; Honda, T; Totsuka, M; Katsuyama, T; Fujita, K

2001-07-01

We report an IgA-lambda type M-protein in which the IgA concentration differed from the values of M-protein by serum protein electrophoresis found in a 53-year-old man with multiple myeloma. The M-protein value as determined by serum protein electrophoresis was 6,170 mg/dl. However, the serum IgA concentration was 3,052 mg/dl by turbidimetric immunoassay. Immuno-fixation electrophoresis using IgA subclass antisera revealed that this M-protein was the IgA2-lambda type. Western blotting analysis showed that the IgA2 molecules were composed of two approximately 68 kDa alpha 2 chains and two 28 kDa lambda chains. In addition the free lambda chain band was detected at the position of 28 kDa without 2-mercaptoethanol(2-ME) even though the patient IgA was purified. Since it is known that IgA2m(1) allotype easily release light chains from the IgA molecules in SDS-PAGE without 2-ME, we speculated that in this patient the IgA was the IgA2m(1) allotype. After peripheral blood stem cell transplantation(PBSCT), immunofixation electrophoresis of the patient serum revealed not only the bands of IgA2-lambda type M-protein, but also three bands of IgG1-kappa type M-protein in the gamma region.

Comparative efficacy of oil solution and wettable powder of lambda-cyhalothrin to naturally occurring Ornithonyssus sylviarum infestation of chickens.

PubMed

Pan, Baoliang; Liang, Daming; Zhang, Yafeng; Wang, Hailiang; Wang, Ming

2009-10-14

The Northern Fowl Mite (NFM), Ornithonyssus sylviarum, is one of the most important and common pests of poultry. Most of available pesticides applied in the NFM control are formulated as wettable powder or emulsifiable concentrate and require to be diluted with water before use. As water has very low affinity to bird feathers, a part of the diluted pesticide will fall on the ground, on the cages, on feed bins or drift in the air upon application, which becomes a source of a potential harm to administrative workers and birds. In contrast to water, an oil solution of pesticide has a higher affinity for feathers and can stay on the feather for a longer time, and maybe provide a high efficacy and be effective for a longer, persistent period against the NFM. In the present study, the efficacy of oil solution and wettable powder of lambda-cyhalothrin to NFM in breeders was compared; the results showed that while spraying lambda-cyhalothrin wettable powder on birds could effectively control NFM, painting lambda-cyhalothrin oil solution on birds gave complete control of NFM for at least 6 weeks. In the application of lambda-cyhalothrin oil solution, no containment of pesticide to cages, feed bin and no pesticide drifting in the air was observed. These results indicated that lambda-cyhalothrin oil solution has a potential to become an effective and safe formulation to control NFM in breeders.

A single amino acid substitution in the variable region of the light chain specifically blocks immunoglobulin secretion.

PubMed Central

Dul, J L; Argon, Y

1990-01-01

Although immunoglobulin light chains are usually secreted in association with heavy chains, free light chains can be secreted by lymphocytes. To identify the structural features of light chains that are essential for their secretion, we mutated a conserved sequence in the variable domain of a lambda I light chain. The effects of the mutations on secretion were assayed by transient expression in COS-1 cells. One mutant (AV60), which replaced Ala-60 with Val, was secreted as efficiently as wild-type lambda I by transfected COS-1 cells. This result was not surprising because secreted lambda II chains contain valine in this position. However, a second lambda I mutant (AV60FS62), which replaced Phe-62 with Ser as well as Ala-60 with Val, was not secreted. This mutant was arrested in the endoplasmic reticulum, as judged by immunofluorescence and by its association with a lumenal endoplasmic reticulum protein, immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (BiP). The defect in secretion was not due to gross misfolding of the lambda I chain, since cells cotransfected with AV60FS62 and an immunoglobulin heavy chain gene produced functional antigen-binding antibodies. These assembled IgM molecules were still not secreted. Hence, the replacement of Phe-62 with Ser specifically affects a determinant on the lambda I light chain that is necessary for the intracellular transport of this molecule. Images PMID:2122454

About Some Regge-Like Relations for (stable) Black Holes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Recami, E.; Tonin-Zanchin, V.; del Popolo, A.; Gambera, M.

1997-08-01

We associated, in a classical formulation of "strong gravity", hadron constituents with suitable stationary, axisymmetric solutions of some new Einstein-type equations supposed to describe the strong field inside hadrons. These new equations can be obtained by the Einstein equations with cosmological term Lambda. As a consequence, Lambda and the masses M result in our theory to be scaled up, and transformed into a "hadronic constant" and into "strong masses", respectively. Due to the unusual range of Lambda and M values considered, we met a series of solutions of the Kerr-Newman-de Sitter (hereafter KNdS) type with rather interesting properties. The requirement that those solutions be stable, i.e., that their temperature (or surface gravity) be vanishingly small, implies the coincidence of at least two of their (in general, three) horizons. Imposing the stability condition of a certain horizon does yield (once chosen the values of J, q and Lambda) mass and radius of the associated black-hole (hereafter BH). In the case of ordinary Einstein equations and for stable BHs of the KNdS type, we get in particular Regge-like (hereafter RL) relations among mass M, angular momentum J, charge q and cosmological constant Lambda; which did not receive enough attention in the previous literature. Besides, we show some particular and interesting cases of these relations. Another interesting point is that, with few exceptions, all such relations (among M, J, q, Lambda) lead to solutions that can be regarded as (stable) cosmological models.

Prediction of distribution coefficient from structure. 1. Estimation method.

PubMed

Csizmadia, F; Tsantili-Kakoulidou, A; Panderi, I; Darvas, F

1997-07-01

A method has been developed for the estimation of the distribution coefficient (D), which considers the microspecies of a compound. D is calculated from the microscopic dissociation constants (microconstants), the partition coefficients of the microspecies, and the counterion concentration. A general equation for the calculation of D at a given pH is presented. The microconstants are calculated from the structure using Hammett and Taft equations. The partition coefficients of the ionic microspecies are predicted by empirical equations using the dissociation constants and the partition coefficient of the uncharged species, which are estimated from the structure by a Linear Free Energy Relationship method. The algorithm is implemented in a program module called PrologD.

Bacteriophage lambda: The path from biology to theranostic agent.

PubMed

Catalano, Carlos E

2018-03-13

Viral particles provide an attractive platform for the engineering of semisynthetic therapeutic nanoparticles. They can be modified both genetically and chemically in a defined manner to alter their surface characteristics, for targeting specific cell types, to improve their pharmacokinetic features and to attenuate (or enhance) their antigenicity. These advantages derive from a detailed understanding of virus biology, gleaned from decades of fundamental genetic, biochemical, and structural studies that have provided mechanistic insight into virus assembly pathways. In particular, bacteriophages offer significant advantages as nanoparticle platforms and several have been adapted toward the design and engineering of "designer" nanoparticles for therapeutic and diagnostic (theranostic) applications. The present review focuses on one such virus, bacteriophage lambda; I discuss the biology of lambda, the tools developed to faithfully recapitulate the lambda assembly reactions in vitro and the observations that have led to cooptation of the lambda system for nanoparticle design. This discussion illustrates how a fundamental understanding of virus assembly has allowed the rational design and construction of semisynthetic nanoparticles as potential theranostic agents and illustrates the concept of benchtop to bedside translational research. This article is categorized under: Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials> Protein and Virus-Based Structures Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials> Nucleic Acid-Based Structures. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Transitions in eigenvalue and wavefunction structure in (1+2) -body random matrix ensembles with spin.

PubMed

Vyas, Manan; Kota, V K B; Chavda, N D

2010-03-01

Finite interacting Fermi systems with a mean-field and a chaos generating two-body interaction are modeled by one plus two-body embedded Gaussian orthogonal ensemble of random matrices with spin degree of freedom [called EGOE(1+2)-s]. Numerical calculations are used to demonstrate that, as lambda , the strength of the interaction (measured in the units of the average spacing of the single-particle levels defining the mean-field), increases, generically there is Poisson to GOE transition in level fluctuations, Breit-Wigner to Gaussian transition in strength functions (also called local density of states) and also a duality region where information entropy will be the same in both the mean-field and interaction defined basis. Spin dependence of the transition points lambda_{c} , lambdaF, and lambdad , respectively, is described using the propagator for the spectral variances and the formula for the propagator is derived. We further establish that the duality region corresponds to a region of thermalization. For this purpose we compared the single-particle entropy defined by the occupancies of the single-particle orbitals with thermodynamic entropy and information entropy for various lambda values and they are very close to each other at lambda=lambdad.

Strong shock waves and nonequilibrium response in a one-dimensional gas: a Boltzmann equation approach.

PubMed

Hurtado, Pablo I

2005-10-01

We investigate the nonequilibrium behavior of a one-dimensional binary fluid on the basis of Boltzmann equation, using an infinitely strong shock wave as probe. Density, velocity, and temperature profiles are obtained as a function of the mixture mass ratio mu. We show that temperature overshoots near the shock layer, and that heavy particles are denser, slower, and cooler than light particles in the strong nonequilibrium region around the shock. The shock width omega(mu), which characterizes the size of this region, decreases as omega(mu) approximately mu(1/3) for mu-->0. In this limit, two very different length scales control the fluid structure, with heavy particles equilibrating much faster than light ones. Hydrodynamic fields relax exponentially toward equilibrium: phi(chi) approximately exp[-chi/lambda]. The scale separation is also apparent here, with two typical scales, lambda1 and lambda2, such that lambda1 approximately mu(1/2 as mu-->0, while lambda2, which is the slow scale controlling the fluid's asymptotic relaxation, increases to a constant value in this limit. These results are discussed in light of recent numerical studies on the nonequilibrium behavior of similar one-dimensional binary fluids.

A Categorification of the Crystal Isomorphism B 1,1 B + B(Lambda i) = B(Lambdasigma (i) and a Graphical Calculus for the Shifted Symmetric Functions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kvinge, Henry

We prove two results at the intersection of Lie theory and the representation theory of symmetric groups, Hecke algebras, and their generalizations. The first is a categorification of the crystal isomorphism B. (1,1) tensor B1,1 ⊕ B(Lambdai ) ≅ B(Lambdasigma (i)). Here B(Lambdai and B(Lambda sigma(i)) are two affine type highest weight crystals of weight Lambdai and Lambdasigma (i) respectively, sigma is a specific map from the Dynkin indexing set I to itself, and B1,1 is a Kirillov-Reshetikhin crystal. We show that this crystal isomorphism is in fact the shadow of a richer module-theoretic phenomenon in the representation theory of Khovanov-Lauda-Rouquier algebras of classical affine type. Our second result identifies the center EndH'( 1) of Khovanov's Heisenberg category H', as the algebra of shifted symmetric functions Lambda* of Okounkov and Olshanski, i.e. End H'(1) ≅ Lambda*. This isomorphism provides us with a graphical calculus for Lambda*. It also allows us to describe EndH'(1) in terms of the transition and co-transition measure of Kerov and the noncommutative probability spaces of Biane.

The effects of house spraying with DDT or lambda-cyhalothrin against Anopheles arabiensis on measures of malarial morbidity in children in Tanzania.

PubMed

Mnzava, A E; Rwegoshora, R T; Tanner, M; Msuya, F H; Curtis, C F; Irare, S G

1993-08-01

The effects of house spraying of DDT and lambda-cyhalothrin against populations of Anopheles arabiensis were assessed in children aged between 1 and 10 years with regard to fever episodes and parasite prevalences. DDT and lambda-cyhalothrin treatment did not reduce the prevalence of malaria episodes as defined by fever (temperatures > or = 37.4 degrees C and/or fever reported) combined with high parasitaemia (> or = 100 parasites/200 leucocytes). However, the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia, of the episodes of fever with any level of malaria parasitaemia and of high parasitaemia alone were significantly reduced. Furthermore, the reduction in mean parasite densities was greater in children of the 1-2 years age group for both insecticides and also for children of 3-5 years age group with lambda-cyhalothrin. Measured and/or reported fever and high parasitaemia were correlated and the data indicated that most of the fevers in these children could be attributed to malaria. Using this criterion it is concluded that the population of An. arabiensis responded to both DDT and lambda-cyhalothrin house spraying which in turn also reduced malaria-related morbidity.

The application of lambda-cyhalothrin in tick control.

PubMed

Jurisic, Aleksandar D; Petrovic, Aleksandra P; Rajkovic, Dragana V; Nicin, Slobodan Dj

2010-09-01

In recent years, in urban areas of Novi Sad, unique ecological conditions, specific floristic and faunistic composition and poor habits of citizens in sense of public health, facilitate the development and maintenance of ticks. Regarding the importance of ticks as vectors of severe human and animal diseases, complex and detailed studies are conducted with an aim to find the most efficient methods for tick control. Two tick species, Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor marginatus, were identified during a 3-year period on the territory of Municipality of Novi Sad. During 2006, the efficacy of the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin in tick control varied from 60.7 to 100%. The highest efficacy recorded in 2007 was 92.3%. The efficacy of lambda-cyhalothrin in 2008 varied from 39.1 to 100%. Lambda-cyhalothrin showed high efficacy in tick control at localities which were improved before the application (mowed, litter removed, abundance control and euthanasia of abandoned cats and dogs). The results of this research indicate that lambda-cyhalothrin has a toxic effect on ticks and could be used as efficient acaricide for tick control, although its efficacy depends on formulation, terrain features and methods of application.

Quasar populations in a cosmological constant-dominated flat universe

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Malhotra, Sangeeta; Turner, Edwin L.

1995-01-01

Most physical properties derived for quasars, as single entities or as a population, depend upon the cosmology assumed. In this paper, we calculate the quasar luminosity function and some related quantities for a flat universe dominated by a cosmological constant Lambda (Lambda = 0.9, Omega = 0.1) and compare them with those deduced for a flat universe with zero cosmological constant (Lambda = 0, Omega = 1). We use the ATT quasar survey data (Boyle et al. 1990) as input in both cases. The data are fitted well by a pure luminosity evolution model for both the cosmologies but with different evolutionary parameters. From the luminosity function, we predict (extrapolate) a greater number of quasars at faint apparent magnitudes (twice the number at B = 24, z is less than 2.2) for the Lambda-dominated universe. This population of faint quasars at high redshift would result in a higher incidence of gravitational lensing. The total luminosity of the quasar population and the total mass tied up in black hole remnants of quasars is not sensitive to the cosmology. However, for a Lambda cosmology, this mass is tied up in fewer but more massive black holes.

Interaction between the phage HK022 Nun protein and the nut RNA of phage lambda.

PubMed

Chattopadhyay, S; Hung, S C; Stuart, A C; Palmer, A G; Garcia-Mena, J; Das, A; Gottesman, M E

1995-12-19

The nun gene product of prophage HK022 excludes phage lambda infection by blocking the expression of genes downstream from the lambda nut sequence. The Nun protein functions both by competing with lambda N transcription-antitermination protein and by actively inducing transcription termination on the lambda chromosome. We demonstrate that Nun binds directly to a stem-loop structure within nut RNA, boxB, which is also the target for the N antiterminator. The two proteins show comparable affinities for boxB and they compete with each other. Their interactions with boxB are similar, as shown by RNase protection experiments, NMR spectroscopy, and analysis of boxB mutants. Each protein binds the 5' strand of the boxB stem and the adjacent loop. The stem does not melt upon the binding of Nun or N, as the 3' strand remains sensitive to a double-strand-specific RNase. The binding of RNA partially protects Nun from proteolysis and changes its NMR spectra. Evidently, although Nun and N bind to the same surface of boxB RNA, their respective complexes interact differently with RNA polymerase, inducing transcription termination or antitermination, respectively.

Dynamic Processes in Be Star Atmospheres.. 6; Simultaneous X-Ray, Ultraviolet, and Optical Variations in lambda Eridani

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, Myron A.; Murakami, T.; Ezuka, H.; Anandarao, B. G.; Chakraborty, A.; Corcoran, M. F.; Hirata, R.

1995-01-01

This report describes a joint X ray/ultraviolet/ground based study of the abnormal Be star lambda Eri which has previously shown evidence of X ray flaring from Rosat observations in 1991. The 1991 flare event caught the astronomical hot star community by surprise because x ray flares have not been observed from other single B-type stars, before or since. Both optical (H-alpha) and UV/Voyager observations provide evidence for transient heating events near the surface of lambda Eri.

Gauss's law test of gravity at short range

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moody, M. V.; Paik, H. J.

1993-01-01

A null test of the gravitational inverse-square law can be performed by testing Gauss's law for the field. We have constructed a three-axis superconducting gravity gradiometer and carried out such a test. A lead pendulum weighing 1500 kg was used to produce a time-varying field. This experiment places a new (2-sigma) limit of alpha = (0.9 + or - 4.6) x 10 exp -4 at lambda of 1.5 m, where alpha and lambda are parameters for the generalized potential phi = -(GM/r)(l + alpha e exp -r/lambda).

New Laboratory Methods for Characterizing the Immersion Factors for Irradiance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hooker, Stanford B. (Editor); Firestone, Elaine R. (Editor); Zibordi, Giuseppe; DAlimonte, Davide; vaderLinde, Dirk; Brown, James W.

2003-01-01

The experimental determination of the immersion factor, I(sub f)(lambda), of irradiance collectors is a requirement of any in-water radiometer. The eighth SeaWiFS Intercalibration Round-Robin Experiment (SIRREX-8) showed different implementations, at different laboratories, of the same I(sub f)(lambda) measurement protocol. The different implementations make use of different setups, volumes, and water types. Consequently, they exhibit different accuracies and require different execution times for characterizing an irradiance sensor. In view of standardizing the characterization of I(sub f)(lambda) values for in-water radiometers, together with an increase in the accuracy of methods and a decrease in the execution time, alternative methods are presented, and assessed versus the traditional method. The proposed new laboratory methods include: a) the continuous method, in which optical measurements taken with discrete water depths are substituted by continuous profiles created by removing the water from the water vessel at a constant flow rate (which significantly reduces the time required for the characterization of a single radiometer); and b) the Compact Portable Advanced Characterization Tank (ComPACT) method, in which the commonly used large tanks are replaced by a small water vessel, thereby allowing the determination of I(sub f)(lambda) values with a small water volume, and more importantly, permitting I(sub f)(lambda) characterizations with pure water. Intercomparisons between the continuous and the traditional method showed results within the variance of I(sub f) (lambda) determinations. The use of the continuous method, however, showed a much shorter realization time. Intercomparisons between the ComPACT and the traditional method showed generally higher I(sub f)(lambda) values for the former. This is in agreement with the generalized expectations of a reduction in scattering effects, because of the use of pure water with the ComPACT method versus the use of tap water with the traditional method.

Optical–SZE scaling relations for DES optically selected clusters within the SPT-SZ Survey

DOE PAGES

Saro, A.; Bocquet, S.; Mohr, J.; ...

2017-03-15

We study the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE) signature in South Pole Telescope (SPT) data for an ensemble of 719 optically identified galaxy clusters selected from 124.6 degmore » $^2$ of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) science verification data, detecting a stacked SZE signal down to richness $$\\lambda\\sim20$$. The SZE signature is measured using matched-filtered maps of the 2500 deg$^2$ SPT-SZ survey at the positions of the DES clusters, and the degeneracy between SZE observable and matched-filter size is broken by adopting as priors SZE and optical mass-observable relations that are either calibrated using SPT selected clusters or through the Arnaud et al. (2010, A10) X-ray analysis. We measure the SPT signal to noise $$\\zeta$$-$$\\lambda$$, relation and two integrated Compton-$y$ $$Y_\\textrm{500}$$-$$\\lambda$$ relations for the DES-selected clusters and compare these to model expectations accounting for the SZE-optical center offset distribution. For clusters with $$\\lambda > 80$$, the two SPT calibrated scaling relations are consistent with the measurements, while for the A10-calibrated relation the measured SZE signal is smaller by a factor of $$0.61 \\pm 0.12$$ compared to the prediction. For clusters at $$20 < \\lambda < 80$$, the measured SZE signal is smaller by a factor of $$\\sim$$0.20-0.80 (between 2.3 and 10~$$\\sigma$$ significance) compared to the prediction, with the SPT calibrated scaling relations and larger $$\\lambda$$ clusters showing generally better agreement. We quantify the required corrections to achieve consistency, showing that there is a richness dependent bias that can be explained by some combination of contamination of the observables and biases in the estimated masses. We discuss possible physical effects, as contamination from line-of-sight projections or from point sources, larger offsets in the SZE-optical centering or larger scatter in the $$\\lambda$$-mass relation at lower richnesses.« less

Documenting the kinetic time course of lambda-cyhalothrin metabolites in orally exposed volunteers for the interpretation of biomonitoring data.

PubMed

Khemiri, Rania; Côté, Jonathan; Fetoui, Hamadi; Bouchard, Michèle

2017-07-05

Lambda-cyhalothrin is a pyrethroid pesticide largely used in agriculture. Exposure assessment can be performed by measuring key urinary metabolites. For a proper use of biomonitoring data, it is however important to gain information on the toxicokinetics of these key biomarkers of exposure. A human volunteer study was performed to document the plasma and urinary time courses of major lambda-cyhalothrin metabolites. Seven volunteers ingested 0.025mgkg -1 body weight of lambda-cyhalothrin. Blood samples were withdrawn prior to dosing and at fixed time periods over the 72 h-period following ingestion and complete urine voids were collected pre-exposure and at pre-established intervals over 84h post-dosing. The cis-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid (CFMP) and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) metabolites were quantified in these samples. Plasma concentrations of CFMP and 3-PBA increased rapidly after ingestion, with average peak values at 3.1 and 4.0h post-dosing, respectively; subsequent elimination phase showed a rapid decay with a mean half-life (t ½ ) of ≈5.3 and 6.4h for CFMP and 3-PBA, respectively. Urinary rate time courses displayed a profile similar to the plasma concentration-time curves with corresponding mean t ½ of ≈4.2 and 5.9h. In the 84-h period post-treatment, on average 21% of lambda-cyhalothrin dose were excreted in urine as CFMP as compared to 30% as 3-PBA. Overall, CFMP and 3-PBA metabolites were confirmed to be major metabolites of lambda-cyhalothrin and exhibited similar kinetics with short half-lives; they thus both appear as useful biomarkers of exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin in humans. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Coronal structures deduced from photospheric magnetic field and He I lambda 10830 observations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harvey, Karen L.

1995-01-01

The National Solar Observatory synoptic program provides an extensive and unique data base of high-resolution full-disk observations of the line-of-sight photospheric magnetic fields and of the He I lambda 10830 equivalent width. These data have been taken nearly daily for more than 21 years since 1974 and provide the opportunity to investigate the behavior of the magnetic fields in the photosphere and those inferred for the corona spanning on the time scales of a day to that of a solar cycle. The intensity of structures observed in He I lambda 10830 are strongly modulated by overlying coronal radiation; areas with low coronal emission are generally brighter in He I lambda 10830, while areas with high coronal emission are darker. For this reason, He I lambda 10830 was selected in the mid-1970's as way to identify and monitor coronal holes, magnetic fields with an open configuration, and the sources of high-speed solar wind streams. The He I lambda 10830 spectroheliograms also show a wide variety of other structures from small-scale, short-lived dark points (less than 30 arc-sec, hours) to the large-scale, long-lived two 'ribbon' flare events that follow the filament eruptions (1000 arc-sec, days). Such structures provide clues about the connections and changes in the large-scale coronal magnetic fields that are rooted in concentrations of magnetic network and active regions in the photosphere. In this paper, what observations of the photospheric magnetic field and He I lambda 10830 can tell us about the short- and long-term evolution of the coronal magnetic fields will be discussed, focussing on the quiet Sun and coronal holes. These data and what we infer from them will be compared with direct observations of the coronal structure from the Yohkoh Soft X-ray Telescope.

Application of the response surface and desirability design to the Lambda-cyhalothrin degradation using photo-Fenton reaction.

PubMed

Colombo, Renata; Ferreira, Tanare C R; Alves, Suellen A; Carneiro, Renato L; Lanza, Marcos R V

2013-03-30

Lambda-cyhalothrin is a potent pyrethroid insecticide used widely in pest management. Detectable levels of the pyrethroid in agricultural watersheds are potentially toxic to aquatic organisms. There is little information in the scientific literature about degradation in aqueous media of the Lambda-cyhalothrin by Advanced Oxidative Process. A mathematical approach for the degradation of this compound has not yet been fully explored… The Central composite design (CCD) and response surface method (RSM) were applied to evaluate and optimize the interactive effects of two operating variables. The initial dosages of H2O2 and Fe(2+) on photo-Fenton degradation of an aqueous solution of Lambda-cyhalothrin in a recirculation flow-through UV photoreactor were used. The remaining concentration of Lambda-cyhalothrin (y1) and the percentage removal of total organic carbon (y2) were the monitored factors since they are dependent parameters of y1 and y2. According to analysis of variances (ANOVA) results, two proposed models can be used to navigate the design space with regression coefficient R(2) - 0.834 and 0.843 for y1 and y2, respectively. A multi-response optimization procedure, based on the global desirability of the factors, was performed to establish the best concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and ferrous sulfate that would allow the most efficient degradation of Lambda-cyhalothrin concomitant with a maximal removal of total organic carbon. The global desirability surface revealed that 0.295 mmol L(-1) of ferrous sulfate and 3.85 mmol L(-1) of hydrogen peroxide were close to the optimum conditions to satisfy both factors simultaneously using minimal amounts of reagents. These photo-Fenton conditions promoted 100% of Lambda-cyhalothrin degradation and 79.83% TOC removal (mineralization) in 120 min of reaction time. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Mutations of the phage lambda nutL region that prevent the action of Nun, a site-specific transcription termination factor.

PubMed Central

Baron, J; Weisberg, R A

1992-01-01

Phage HK022 encodes a protein, Nun, that promotes transcription termination within the pL and pR operons of its relative, phage lambda. The lambda sequences required for termination had previously been shown to overlap the nut sites, which are essential for transcription antitermination during normal lambda growth. To further specify the Nun target and to determine its relation to the nut sites, we constructed deletion and base substitution mutations of the lambda nutL region and measured Nun-dependent reduction of the expression of a downstream reporter gene. The shortest construct that retained full Nun responsiveness was a 42-bp segment that included both boxA and boxB, sequences that have been implicated in lambda antitermination. Deletion of boxA reduced Nun termination, and deletion of both sequences eliminated Nun termination. Base substitutions in boxA and the proximal portion of boxB impaired Nun termination, while base substitutions between boxA and boxB, in the distal portion of boxB, and immediately downstream from boxB had no appreciable effect. The termination defect of all of the base substitution mutations was relieved by increasing the level of Nun protein; in contrast, the deletions and a multiple-base substitution did not regain full Nun responsiveness at elevated Nun concentrations. We also asked if these mutant nut regions retained their ability to interact with N, the lambda-encoded antitermination protein. A qualitative assay showed that mutations within boxA or boxB reduced interaction, while mutations outside boxA and boxB did not. These data show that (i) the recognition sites for N and Nun overlap to a very considerable extent but are probably not identical and (ii) a high concentration of Nun promotes its interaction with mutant nut sites, a behavior also reported to be characteristic of N. PMID:1532174

About some Regge-like relations for (stable) black holes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Recami, E.; Tonin-Zanchin, Vilson

1991-08-01

Within a purely classical formulation of 'strong gravity', we associated hadron constituents (and even hadrons themselves) with suitable stationary, axisymmetric solutions of certain new Einstein-type equations supposed to describe the strong field inside hadrons. Such equations are nothing but Einstein equations - with cosmological term - suitably scaled down. As a consequence, the cosmological constant (lambda) and the masses M result in our theory to be scaled up and transformed into a 'hadronic constant' and into 'strong masses', respectively. Due to the unusual range of lambda and M values considered, we met a series of solutions of the Kerr-Newman-de Sitter (KNdS) type with such interesting properties that it is worth studying them - from our particular point of view - also in the case of ordinary gravity. This is the aim of the present work. The requirement that those solutions be stable, i.e., that their temperature (or surface gravity) be vanishingly small, implies the coincidence of at least two of their (in general, three) horizons. Imposing the stability condition of a certain horizon does yield (once chosen the values of J, q, and lambda) mass and radius of the associated black-hole. In the case of ordinary Einstein equations and for stable black-holes of the KNdS type, we get in particular Regge-like relations among mass M, angular momentum J, charge q, and cosmological constant (lambda). For instance, with the standard definitions Q2 is identical to Gq2 /(4(pi)(epsilon)0c4); a is identical to J/(Mc); m is identical to GM/c2, in the case lambda = 0 in which m2 = a2 + Q2 and if q is negligible we find m2 = J. When considering, for simplicity, lambda greater than 0 and J = 0 (and q still negligible), then we obtain m2 = 1/(9(lambda)).

Optical–SZE scaling relations for DES optically selected clusters within the SPT-SZ Survey

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Saro, A.; Bocquet, S.; Mohr, J.

We study the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE) signature in South Pole Telescope (SPT) data for an ensemble of 719 optically identified galaxy clusters selected from 124.6 degmore » $^2$ of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) science verification data, detecting a stacked SZE signal down to richness $$\\lambda\\sim20$$. The SZE signature is measured using matched-filtered maps of the 2500 deg$^2$ SPT-SZ survey at the positions of the DES clusters, and the degeneracy between SZE observable and matched-filter size is broken by adopting as priors SZE and optical mass-observable relations that are either calibrated using SPT selected clusters or through the Arnaud et al. (2010, A10) X-ray analysis. We measure the SPT signal to noise $$\\zeta$$-$$\\lambda$$, relation and two integrated Compton-$y$ $$Y_\\textrm{500}$$-$$\\lambda$$ relations for the DES-selected clusters and compare these to model expectations accounting for the SZE-optical center offset distribution. For clusters with $$\\lambda > 80$$, the two SPT calibrated scaling relations are consistent with the measurements, while for the A10-calibrated relation the measured SZE signal is smaller by a factor of $$0.61 \\pm 0.12$$ compared to the prediction. For clusters at $$20 < \\lambda < 80$$, the measured SZE signal is smaller by a factor of $$\\sim$$0.20-0.80 (between 2.3 and 10~$$\\sigma$$ significance) compared to the prediction, with the SPT calibrated scaling relations and larger $$\\lambda$$ clusters showing generally better agreement. We quantify the required corrections to achieve consistency, showing that there is a richness dependent bias that can be explained by some combination of contamination of the observables and biases in the estimated masses. We discuss possible physical effects, as contamination from line-of-sight projections or from point sources, larger offsets in the SZE-optical centering or larger scatter in the $$\\lambda$$-mass relation at lower richnesses.« less

Influence of convection on eutectic microstructure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Baskaran, V.; Eisa, G. F.; Wilcox, W. R.

1985-01-01

When the MnBi-Bi eutectic is directionally solidified, it forms fibers of MnBi in a matrix of bismuth. When the material solidified in space at rates of 30 and 50 cm/hr, the average fiber spacing lambda was about one half of the value obtained in cases in which the same material solidified on earth. Neither an altered temperature gradient nor a fluctuating freezing rate are apparently responsible for the change in lambda, and the possibility is studied that natural convection increases lambda on earth by perturbing the compositional field in the melt ahead of the growing solid. A theoretical analysis is conducted along with some experiments. On the basis of the theoretical results for lamellar growth, it is concluded that the spacing lambda increases with increasing stirring, especially at small freezing rates. The experiments indicate that at low growth rates the cross-sectional area of the MnBi blades increases with increased stirring and with decreased growth rate.

On the wind geometry of the Wolf-Rayet star EZ Canis Majoris

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schulte-Ladbeck, R. E.; Nordsieck, K. H.; Taylor, M.; Nook, M. A.; Bjorkman, K. S.; Magalhaes, A. M.; Anderson, C. M.

1991-01-01

Recent models of Wolf-Rayet star winds have been tailored to EZ CMa, and make predictions of the envelope structure and location of line-emitting regions. It is discussed how the wind structure of EZ CMa can be probed observationally through electron distribution integrals as measured by spectropolarimetry, and then present, analyze, and interpret a time-dependent spectropolarimetric data set of EZ CMa. The observations further the view of an electron-scattering wind that is axisymmetric, rotating, and expanding, with a variable mass-loss rate being responsible for the quasi-periodic polarimetric variability. It is demonstrated that the emission lines of EZ CMa are partially polarized, indicating that line photons are electron-scattered in the wind. The polarization in N V lambda 4945 and N IV lambda 4058 is observed to be larger than that of He II lambda 4686 and He I lambda 5876, as expected from ionization stratification.

High resolution spectroscopic study of Be Λ 10

DOE PAGES

Gogami, T.; Chen, C.; Kawama, D.; ...

2016-03-10

Spectroscopy of amore » $$^{10}_{\\Lambda}$$Be hypernucleus was carried out at JLab Hall C using the $$(e,e^{\\prime}K^{+})$$ reaction. A new magnetic spectrometer system (SPL+HES+HKS), specifically designed for high resolution hypernuclear spectroscopy, was used to obtain an energy spectrum with a resolution of 0.78 MeV (FWHM). The well-calibrated spectrometer system of the present experiment using the $$p(e,e^{\\prime}K^{+})\\Lambda,\\Sigma^{0}$$ reactions allowed us to determine the energy levels, and the binding energy of the ground state peak (mixture of 1$$^{-}$$ and 2$$^{-}$$ states) was obtained to be B$$_{\\Lambda}$$=8.55$$\\pm$$0.07(stat.)$$\\pm$$0.11(sys.) MeV. Furthermore, the result indicates that the ground state energy is shallower than that of an emulsion study by about 0.5 MeV which provides valuable experimental information on charge symmetry breaking effect in the $$\\Lambda N$$ interaction.« less

Observation of Exclusive B Decays to Final States Containing a Charmed Baryon

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jessop, Colin P.

2003-05-23

Using data collected in the region of the {Upsilon}(4S) resonance with the CLEO-II detector, they report on the first observation of exclusive decays of the B meson to final states with a charmed baryon. They have measured the branching fractions {Beta}(B{sup -} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{bar p}{pi}{sup -}) = (0.62{sub -0.20}{sup +0.23} {+-} 0.11 {+-} 0.10) x 10{sup -3} and {Beta}({bar B}{sup 0} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{bar p}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}) = (1.33{sub -0.42}{sup +0.46} {+-} 0.31 {+-} 0.21) x 10{sup -3}. In addition, they report upper limits for final states of the form {bar B} {yields} {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{bar p}(n{pi})more » and {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{bar p}(n{pi}){pi}{sup 0} where (n{pi}) denotes up to four charged pions.« less

Spectra of Particulate Backscattering in Natural Waters

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gordon, Howard, R.; Lewis, Marlon R.; McLean, Scott D.; Twardowski, Michael S.; Freeman, Scott A.; Voss, Kenneth J.; Boynton, Chris G.

2009-01-01

Hyperspectral profiles of downwelling irradiance and upwelling radiance in natural waters (oligotrophic and mesotrophic) are combined with inverse radiative transfer to obtain high resolution spectra of the absorption coefficient (a) and the backscattering coefficient (bb) of the water and its constituents. The absorption coefficient at the mesotrophic station clearly shows spectral absorption features attributable to several phytoplankton pigments (Chlorophyll a, b, c, and Carotenoids). The backscattering shows only weak spectral features and can be well represented by a power-law variation with wavelength (lambda): b(sub b) approx. Lambda(sup -n), where n is a constant between 0.4 and 1.0. However, the weak spectral features in b(sub b), suggest that it is depressed in spectral regions of strong particle absorption. The applicability of the present inverse radiative transfer algorithm, which omits the influence of Raman scattering, is limited to lambda < 490 nm in oligotrophic waters and lambda < 575 nm in mesotrophic waters.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Walborn, N.R.

The blue-shifted absorption component of the P-Cygni profile at He I lambda 5876 in HD 152408 (O8: Iafpe) has been found to be extremely broad, extending -1000 km sec$sup -1$ from the emission maximum. This unusual profile is probably due to overpopulation of the lower level of lambda 5876, which permits it to form throughout a greater extent of the expanding atmosphere than most other lines. This observation confirms Hutchings' identification of very large velocities in the blue-violet spectrum of HD 152408, and in particular his interpretation of a similar feature at He I lambda 3889, which is metastable. Themore » lambda 5876 profile in HD 152408 is compared to those in the similar but less extreme P-Cygni star HD 151804 (O8 Iaf), and in the Wolf-Rayet star HD 151932 (WN7-A). The similarity between the absorption components in HD 152408 and the WN star is striking. (auth)« less

Laboratory evaluation of the irritancy of bendiocarb, lambda-cyhalothrin and DDT to Anopheles gambiae.

PubMed

Evans, R G

1993-09-01

In a laboratory study, the irritancy of bendiocarb, lambda-cyhalothrin and DDT to Anopheles gambiae was evaluated at field, 1/3 field and 1/10 field rates using WHO conical exposure chambers and excito-repellency test boxes. Bendiocarb was the least irritant insecticide at all rates, inducing levels of takeoff, flight and exiting behavior similar to those of a distilled water control treatment. Of those mosquitoes introduced to the bendiocarb-treated boxes, not more than 1% exited and survived at any dose rate. Lambda-cyhalothrin and DDT were highly irritant to An. gambiae, inducing a strong stimulation to take off and fly and also a high level of exiting. Exiting-survival rates associated with lambda-cyhalothrin and DDT were between 15 and 51%. The relevance of these findings to the control of mosquito populations and the prevention of malaria transmission is discussed.

The (C III lambda 1909/Si III lambda 1892) ratio as a diagnostic for planetary nebulae and symbiotic stars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Feibelman, Walter A.; Aller, Lawrence H.

1987-01-01

Suitable IUE archival material on planetary nebulae has been examined to determine the log R /F(lambda 1909 C III)/F(lambda 1892 Si III)/ as a discriminant for distinguishing planetary nebulae from symbiotic stars and related objects. The mean value of log R for 73 galactic planetaries is 1.4, while that of extragalactic planetaries appears to be slightly lower, and that for symbiotics is 0.3. The lower value of log R for symbiotics is easily understood as a consequence of their higher densities. A plot of log R versus N-epsilon indicates that 80 percent of the planetaries fall into the range of log R between 1.2 and 1.8, but some of the 'peculiar' and bipolar nebulae fall below log R = 1.2. The corresponding N(C++)/N(Si++) ionic ratio varies over a large range.

Human factors issues in the use of artificial intelligence in air traffic control. October 1990 Workshop

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hockaday, Stephen; Kuhlenschmidt, Sharon (Editor)

1991-01-01

The objective of the workshop was to explore the role of human factors in facilitating the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) to advanced air traffic control (ATC) automation concepts. AI is an umbrella term which is continually expanding to cover a variety of techniques where machines are performing actions taken based upon dynamic, external stimuli. AI methods can be implemented using more traditional programming languages such as LISP or PROLOG, or they can be implemented using state-of-the-art techniques such as object-oriented programming, neural nets (hardware or software), and knowledge based expert systems. As this technology advances and as increasingly powerful computing platforms become available, the use of AI to enhance ATC systems can be realized. Substantial efforts along these lines are already being undertaken at the FAA Technical Center, NASA Ames Research Center, academic institutions, industry, and elsewhere. Although it is clear that the technology is ripe for bringing computer automation to ATC systems, the proper scope and role of automation are not at all apparent. The major concern is how to combine human controllers with computer technology. A wide spectrum of options exists, ranging from using automation only to provide extra tools to augment decision making by human controllers to turning over moment-by-moment control to automated systems and using humans as supervisors and system managers. Across this spectrum, it is now obvious that the difficulties that occur when tying human and automated systems together must be resolved so that automation can be introduced safely and effectively. The focus of the workshop was to further explore the role of injecting AI into ATC systems and to identify the human factors that need to be considered for successful application of the technology to present and future ATC systems.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Benitez, Erika; Cruz-Gonzalez, Irene; Martinez, Benoni

A sample of 10 nearby intermediate-type active galactic nuclei (AGNs) drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey is presented. The aim of this work is to provide estimations of the black hole (BH) mass for the sample galaxies from the dynamics of the broad-line region. For this purpose, a detailed spectroscopic analysis of the objects was done. Using Baldwin-Phillips-Terlevich diagnostic diagrams, we have carefully classified the objects as true intermediate-type AGNs and found that 80%{sup +7.2%} {sub -17.3%} are composite AGNs. The BH mass estimated for the sample is within 6.54 {+-} 0.16 < log M {sub BH} < 7.81more » {+-} 0.14. Profile analysis shows that five objects (J120655.63+501737.1, J121607.08+504930.0, J141238.14+391836.5, J143031.18+524225.8, and J162952.88+242638.3) have narrow double-peaked emission lines in both the red (H{alpha}, [N II] {lambda}{lambda}6548,6583 and [S II] {lambda}{lambda}6716, 6731) and the blue (H{beta} and [O III] {lambda}{lambda}4959, 5007) regions of the spectra, with velocity differences ({Delta}V) between the double peaks within 114 km s{sup -1} < {Delta}V < 256 km s{sup -1}. Two of them, J121607.08+504930.0 and J141238.14+391836.5, are candidates for dual AGNs since their double-peaked emission lines are dominated by AGN activity. In searches of dual AGNs, type 1, type II, and intermediate-type AGNs should be carefully separated, due to the high serendipitous number of narrow double-peaked sources (50% {+-} 14.4%) found in our sample.« less

Transferring elements of a density matrix

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Allahverdyan, Armen E.; Hovhannisyan, Karen V.; Yerevan State University, A. Manoogian Street 1, Yerevan

2010-01-15

We study restrictions imposed by quantum mechanics on the process of matrix-element transfer. This problem is at the core of quantum measurements and state transfer. Given two systems A and B with initial density matrices lambda and r, respectively, we consider interactions that lead to transferring certain matrix elements of unknown lambda into those of the final state r-tilde of B. We find that this process eliminates the memory on the transferred (or certain other) matrix elements from the final state of A. If one diagonal matrix element is transferred, r(tilde sign){sub aa}=lambda{sub aa}, the memory on each nondiagonal elementmore » lambda{sub an}ot ={sub b} is completely eliminated from the final density operator of A. Consider the following three quantities, Relambda{sub an}ot ={sub b}, Imlambda{sub an}ot ={sub b}, and lambda{sub aa}-lambda{sub bb} (the real and imaginary part of a nondiagonal element and the corresponding difference between diagonal elements). Transferring one of them, e.g., Rer(tilde sign){sub an}ot ={sub b}=Relambda{sub an}ot ={sub b}, erases the memory on two others from the final state of A. Generalization of these setups to a finite-accuracy transfer brings in a trade-off between the accuracy and the amount of preserved memory. This trade-off is expressed via system-independent uncertainty relations that account for local aspects of the accuracy-disturbance trade-off in quantum measurements. Thus, the general aspect of state disturbance in quantum measurements is elimination of memory on non-diagonal elements, rather than diagonalization.« less

Once more on the equilibrium-point hypothesis (lambda model) for motor control.

PubMed

Feldman, A G

1986-03-01

The equilibrium control hypothesis (lambda model) is considered with special reference to the following concepts: (a) the length-force invariant characteristic (IC) of the muscle together with central and reflex systems subserving its activity; (b) the tonic stretch reflex threshold (lambda) as an independent measure of central commands descending to alpha and gamma motoneurons; (c) the equilibrium point, defined in terms of lambda, IC and static load characteristics, which is associated with the notion that posture and movement are controlled by a single mechanism; and (d) the muscle activation area (a reformulation of the "size principle")--the area of kinematic and command variables in which a rank-ordered recruitment of motor units takes place. The model is used for the interpretation of various motor phenomena, particularly electromyographic patterns. The stretch reflex in the lambda model has no mechanism to follow-up a certain muscle length prescribed by central commands. Rather, its task is to bring the system to an equilibrium, load-dependent position. Another currently popular version defines the equilibrium point concept in terms of alpha motoneuron activity alone (the alpha model). Although the model imitates (as does the lambda model) spring-like properties of motor performance, it nevertheless is inconsistent with a substantial data base on intact motor control. An analysis of alpha models, including their treatment of motor performance in deafferented animals, reveals that they suffer from grave shortcomings. It is concluded that parameterization of the stretch reflex is a basis for intact motor control. Muscle deafferentation impairs this graceful mechanism though it does not remove the possibility of movement.

Coulomb Scattering in the Massless Nelson Model III: Ground State Wave Functions and Non-commutative Recurrence Relations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dybalski, Wojciech; Pizzo, Alessandro

2018-02-01

Let $H_{P,\\sigma}$ be the single-electron fiber Hamiltonians of the massless Nelson model at total momentum $P$ and infrared cut-off $\\sigma>0$. We establish detailed regularity properties of the corresponding $n$-particle ground state wave functions $f^n_{P,\\sigma}$ as functions of $P$ and $\\sigma$. In particular, we show that \\[ |\\partial_{P^j}f^{n}_{P,\\sigma}(k_1,\\ldots, k_n)|, \\ \\ |\\partial_{P^j} \\partial_{P^{j'}} f^{n}_{P,\\sigma}(k_1,\\ldots, k_n)| \\leq \\frac{1}{\\sqrt{n!}} \\frac{(c\\lambda_0)^n}{\\sigma^{\\delta_{\\lambda_0}}} \\prod_{i=1}^n\\frac{ \\chi_{[\\sigma,\\kappa)}(k_i)}{|k_i|^{3/2}}, \\] where $c$ is a numerical constant, $\\lambda_0\\mapsto \\delta_{\\lambda_0}$ is a positive function of the maximal admissible coupling constant which satisfies $\\lim_{\\lambda_0\\to 0}\\delta_{\\lambda_0}=0$ and $\\chi_{[\\sigma,\\kappa)}$ is the (approximate) characteristic function of the energy region between the infrared cut-off $\\sigma$ and the ultraviolet cut-off $\\kappa$. While the analysis of the first derivative is relatively straightforward, the second derivative requires a new strategy. By solving a non-commutative recurrence relation we derive a novel formula for $f^n_{P,\\sigma}$ with improved infrared properties. In this representation $\\partial_{P^{j'}}\\partial_{P^{j}}f^n_{P,\\sigma}$ is amenable to sharp estimates obtained by iterative analytic perturbation theory in part II of this series of papers. The bounds stated above are instrumental for scattering theory of two electrons in the Nelson model, as explained in part I of this series.

Microstructure selection in thin-sample directional solidification of an Al-Cu alloy: In situ X-ray imaging and phase-field simulations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Clarke, A. J.; Tourret, D.; Song, Y.

We study microstructure selection during directional solidification of a thin metallic sample. We combine in situ X-ray radiography of a dilute Al-Cu alloy solidification experiments with three-dimensional phase-field simulations. We explore a range of temperature gradient G and growth velocity V and build a microstructure selection map for this alloy. We investigate the selection of the primary dendritic spacing Lambda and tip radius rho. While rho shows a good agreement between experimental measurements and dendrite growth theory, with rho similar to V-1/2, Lambda is observed to increase with V (partial derivative Lambda/partial derivative V > 0), in apparent disagreement withmore » classical scaling laws for primary dendritic spacing, which predict that partial derivative Lambda/partial derivative V <0. We show through simulations that this trend inversion for Lambda(V) is due to liquid convection in our experiments, despite the thin sample configuration. We use a classical diffusion boundary-layer approximation to semi-quantitatively incorporate the effect of liquid convection into phase-field simulations. This approximation is implemented by assuming complete solute mixing outside a purely diffusive zone of constant thickness that surrounds the solid-liquid interface. This simple method enables us to quantitatively match experimental measurements of the planar morphological instability threshold and primary spacings over an order of magnitude in V. We explain the observed inversion of partial derivative Lambda/partial derivative V by a combination of slow transient dynamics of microstructural homogenization and the influence of the sample thickness.« less

Stability, ghost, and strong coupling in nonrelativistic general covariant theory of gravity with {lambda}{ne}1

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Huang Yongqing; Wang Anzhong

2011-05-15

In this paper, we investigate three important issues: stability, ghost, and strong coupling, in the Horava-Melby-Thompson setup of the Horava-Lifshitz theory with {lambda}{ne}1, generalized recently by da Silva. We first develop the general linear scalar perturbations of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe with arbitrary spatial curvature and find that an immediate by-product of the setup is that, in all the inflationary models described by a scalar field, the FRW universe is necessarily flat. Applying them to the case of the Minkowski background, we find that it is stable, and, similar to the case {lambda}=1, the spin-0 graviton is eliminated. The vectormore » perturbations vanish identically in the Minkowski background. Thus, similar to general relativity, a free gravitational field in this setup is completely described by a spin-2 massless graviton, even with {lambda}{ne}1. We also study the ghost problem in the FRW background and find explicitly the ghost-free conditions. To study the strong coupling problem, we consider two different kinds of spacetimes, all with the presence of matter: one is cosmological, and the other is static. We find that the coupling becomes strong for a process with energy higher than M{sub pl}|c{sub {psi}|}{sup 5/2} in the flat FRW background and M{sub pl}|c{sub {psi}|}{sup 3} in a static weak gravitational field, where |c{sub {psi}|{identical_to}}|(1-{lambda})/(3{lambda}-1)|{sup 1/2}.« less

Discharge-pumped cw gas lasers utilizing 'dressed-atom' gain media

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sorokin, P.P.; Glownia, J.H.; Hodgson, R.T.

The possibility of realizing an efficient gaseous laser-beam-generating medium that utilizes {lambda}-type coherently phased (i.e., 'dressed') atoms for the active laser species, but that does not inherently require the use of external laser beams for pumping, is explored. Specifically, it is investigated if multiphoton stimulated hyper-Raman scattering (SHRS) processes driven by fluorescence radiation generated in a continuous electrical discharge present within the vapor-containing cell could produce continuous-wave (cw) optical gain at the {lambda}-atom resonance frequencies {omega}{sub o} and {omega}{sub o}{sup '}. It is deduced that such gain could result from n-photon (n{>=}4) SHRS processes only if absorption of fluorescence pumpmore » light occurs in the first three transitions of the n-photon sequence representing the process unit step. Estimates of the amount of optical gain that could be produced in such a system indicate that it should be sufficient to allow multiwatt cw laser operation to occur on one set of {lambda} transitions connecting levels in a 'double-{lambda}' structure, with the pump light being discharge-produced fluorescence centered about the transitions of the other {lambda} pair. However, to initiate operation of such a device would require injection into the laser optical cavity of intense 'starter' laser pulses at both lasing frequencies. What should be an optimal experimental configuration for determining feasibility of the proposed laser device is described. In the suggested configuration, Cs-atom 6S{sub 1/2}-6P{sub 1/2} transitions form the double-{lambda} structure.« less

A Study of Double-Charm and Charm-Strange Baryons inElectron-Positron Annihilations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Edwards, Adam J.; /SLAC

2007-10-15

In this dissertation I describe a study of double-charm and charm-strange baryons based on data collected with the BABAR Detector at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. In this study I search for new baryons and make precise measurements of their properties and decay modes. I seek to verify and expand upon double-charm and charm-strange baryon observations made by other experiments. The BABAR Detector is used to measure subatomic particles that are produced at the PEP-II storage rings. I analyze approximately 300 million e+e- {yields} c{bar c} events in a search for the production of double-charm baryons. I search for themore » double-charm baryons {Xi}{sup +}{sub cc} (containing the quarks ccd) and {Xi}{sup ++}{sub cc} (ccu) in decays to {Lambda}{sup +}{sub c}K{sup -}{pi}{sup +} and {Lambda}{sup +}{sub c}K{sup -}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup +}, respectively. No statistically significant signals for their production are found, and upper limits on their production are determined. Statistically significant signals for excited charm-strange baryons are observed with my analysis of approximately 500 million e+e- {yields} c{bar c} events. The charged charm-strange baryons {Xi}{sub c}(2970){sup +}, {Xi}{sub c}(3055){sup +}, {Xi}{sub c}(3123){sup +} are found in decays to {Lambda}{sup +}{sub c}K{sup -}{pi}{sup +}, the same decay mode used in the {Xi}{sup +}{sub cc} search. The neutral charm-strange baryon {Xi}{sub c}(3077){sup 0} is observed in decays to {Lambda}{sup +}{sub c}K{sub 8}{pi}{sup -}. I also search for excited charm-strange baryon decays to {Lambda}{sup +}{sub c}K{sub 8}, {Lambda}{sup +}{sub c}K{sup -}, {Lambda}{sup +}{sub c}K{sub 8}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}, and {Lambda}{sup +}{sub c}K{sup -}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}. No significant charm-strange baryon signals a f h these decay modes. For each excited charm-strange baryon state that I observe, I measure its mass, natural width (lifetime), and production rate. The properties of these excited charm-strange baryons and their decay modes provide constraints for phenomenological models of quark interactions through quantum chromodynamics. My discovery of the two new charm-strange baryons {Xi}{sub c}(3055){sup +} and {Xi}{sub c}(3123){sup +} influences our theoretical understanding of charm-strange baryon states.« less

Stochastic population dynamics in populations of western terrestrial garter snakes with divergent life histories.

PubMed

Miller, David A; Clark, William R; Arnold, Stevan J; Bronikowski, Anne M

2011-08-01

Comparative evaluations of population dynamics in species with temporal and spatial variation in life-history traits are rare because they require long-term demographic time series from multiple populations. We present such an analysis using demographic data collected during the interval 1978-1996 for six populations of western terrestrial garter snakes (Thamnophis elegans) from two evolutionarily divergent ecotypes. Three replicate populations from a slow-living ecotype, found in mountain meadows of northeastern California, were characterized by individuals that develop slowly, mature late, reproduce infrequently with small reproductive effort, and live longer than individuals of three populations of a fast-living ecotype found at lakeshore locales. We constructed matrix population models for each of the populations based on 8-13 years of data per population and analyzed both deterministic dynamics based on mean annual vital rates and stochastic dynamics incorporating annual variation in vital rates. (1) Contributions of highly variable vital rates to fitness (lambda(s)) were buffered against the negative effects of stochastic variation, and this relationship was consistent with differences between the meadow (M-slow) and lakeshore (L-fast) ecotypes. (2) Annual variation in the proportion of gravid females had the greatest negative effect among all vital rates on lambda(s). The magnitude of variation in the proportion of gravid females and its effect on lambda(s) was greater in M-slow than L-fast populations. (3) Variation in the proportion of gravid females, in turn, depended on annual variation in prey availability, and its effect on lambda(s) was 4 23 times greater in M-slow than L-fast populations. In addition to differences in stochastic dynamics between ecotypes, we also found higher mean mortality rates across all age classes in the L-fast populations. Our results suggest that both deterministic and stochastic selective forces have affected the evolution of divergent life-history traits in the two ecotypes, which, in turn, affect population dynamics. M-slow populations have evolved life-history traits that buffer fitness against direct effects of variation in reproduction and that spread lifetime reproduction across a greater number of reproductive bouts. These results highlight the importance of long-term demographic and environmental monitoring and of incorporating temporal dynamics into empirical studies of life-history evolution.

Low energy theorems and the unitarity bounds in the extra U(1) superstring inspired E{sub 6} models

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sharma, N.K.; Saxena, Pranav; Nagawat, Ashok K.

2005-11-01

The conventional method using low energy theorems derived by Chanowitz et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 2344 (1986);] does not seem to lead to an explicit unitarity limit in the scattering processes of longitudinally polarized gauge bosons for the high energy case in the extra U(1) superstring inspired models, commonly known as {eta} model, emanating from E{sub 6} group of superstring theory. We have made use of an alternative procedure given by Durand and Lopez [Phys. Lett. B 217, 463 (1989);], which is applicable to supersymmetric grand unified theories. Explicit unitarity bounds on the superpotential couplings (identified as Yukawa couplings)more » are obtained from both using unitarity constraints as well as using renormalization group equations (RGE) analysis at one-loop level utilizing critical couplings concepts implying divergence of scalar coupling at M{sub G}. These are found to be consistent with finiteness over the entire range M{sub Z}{<=}{radical}(s){<=}M{sub G} i.e. from grand unification scale to weak scale. For completeness, the similar approach has been made use of in other models i.e., {chi}, {psi}, and {nu} models emanating from E{sub 6} and it has been noticed that at weak scale, the unitarity bounds on Yukawa couplings do not differ among E{sub 6} extra U(1) models significantly except for the case of {chi} model in 16 representations. For the case of the E{sub 6}-{eta} model ({beta}{sub E} congruent with 9.64), the analysis using the unitarity constraints leads to the following bounds on various parameters: {lambda}{sub t(max.)}(M{sub Z})=1.294, {lambda}{sub b(max.)}(M{sub Z})=1.278, {lambda}{sub H(max.)}(M{sub Z})=0.955, {lambda}{sub D(max.)}(M{sub Z})=1.312. The analytical analysis of RGE at the one-loop level provides the following critical bounds on superpotential couplings: {lambda}{sub t,c}(M{sub Z}) congruent with 1.295, {lambda}{sub b,c}(M{sub Z}) congruent with 1.279, {lambda}{sub H,c}(M{sub Z}) congruent with 0.968, {lambda}{sub D,c}(M{sub Z}) congruent with 1.315. Thus superpotential coupling values obtained by both the approaches are in good agreement. Theoretically we have obtained bounds on physical mass parameters using the unitarity constrained superpotential couplings. The bounds are as follows: (i) Absolute upper bound on top quark mass m{sub t}{<=}225 GeV (ii) the upper bound on the lightest neutral Higgs boson mass at the tree level is m{sub H{sub 2}{sup 0}}{sup tree}{<=}169 GeV, and after the inclusion of the one-loop radiative correction it is m{sub H{sub 2}{sup 0}}{<=}229 GeV when {lambda}{sub t}{ne}{lambda}{sub b} at the grand unified theory scale. On the other hand, these are m{sub H{sub 2}{sup 0}}{sup tree}{<=}159 GeV, m{sub H{sub 2}{sup 0}}{<=}222 GeV, respectively, when {lambda}{sub t}={lambda}{sub b} at the grand unified theory scale. A plausible range on D-quark mass as a function of mass scale M{sub Z{sub 2}} is m{sub D}{approx_equal}O(3 TeV) for M{sub Z{sub 2}}{approx_equal}O(1 TeV) for the favored values of tan{beta}{<=}1. The bounds on aforesaid physical parameters in the case of {chi}, {psi}, and {nu} models in the 27 representation are almost identical with those of {eta} model and are consistent with the present day experimental precision measurements.« less

76 FR 69729 - Pesticide Emergency Exemptions; Agency Decisions and State and Federal Agency Crisis Declarations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-09

... lambda-cyhalothrin on asparagus to control aphids; July 12, 2011 to October 31, 2011. Contact: Libby... authorized the use of lambda-cyhalothrin on asparagus to control aphids; July 12, 2011 to September 30, 2011...

Testing the renormalisation group theory of cooperative transitions at the lambda point of helium

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lipa, J. A.; Li, Q.; Chui, T. C. P.; Marek, D.

1988-01-01

The status of high resolution tests of the renormalization group theory of cooperative phase transitions performed near the lambda point of helium is described. The prospects for performing improved tests in space are discussed.

Solution of the symmetric eigenproblem AX=lambda BX by delayed division

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thurston, G. A.; Bains, N. J. C.

1986-01-01

Delayed division is an iterative method for solving the linear eigenvalue problem AX = lambda BX for a limited number of small eigenvalues and their corresponding eigenvectors. The distinctive feature of the method is the reduction of the problem to an approximate triangular form by systematically dropping quadratic terms in the eigenvalue lambda. The report describes the pivoting strategy in the reduction and the method for preserving symmetry in submatrices at each reduction step. Along with the approximate triangular reduction, the report extends some techniques used in the method of inverse subspace iteration. Examples are included for problems of varying complexity.

Direct measurement of sub-Debye-length attraction between oppositely charged surfaces.

PubMed

Kampf, Nir; Ben-Yaakov, Dan; Andelman, David; Safran, S A; Klein, Jacob

2009-09-11

Using a surface force balance with fast video analysis, we have measured directly the attractive forces between oppositely charged solid surfaces (charge densities sigma(+), sigma(-)) across water over the entire range of interaction, in particular, at surface separations D below the Debye screening length lambda(S). At very low salt concentration we find a long-ranged attraction between the surfaces (onset ca. 100 nm), whose variation at D

Skylight and aerosol in Thailand during the dry winter season.

PubMed

Volz, F; Sheehan, L

1971-02-01

Solar and skylight measurements were made in southern Thailand from late February to early April of 1969. The aerosol optical density (basis 10) was rather large, ranging from 0.07 to 0.28 at lambda0.5 microm and varied with about lambda(-2) in the range 0.5 < lambda < 1.6 microm. The skylight scattering phase function was relatively flat and showed little spectral dependence. The log aerosol size distribution seems close to r(-4). The origin of the turbid low level air from the South China Sea and Philippine Sea poses the question of the nature of the aerosol.

Stellar C III Emissions as a New Classification Parameter for (WC) Central Stars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Feibelman, W. A.

1999-01-01

We report detection of stellar C III lambda 1909 emission in International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) echelle spectra of early-type [WC] planetary nebula central stars (CSPNs). Additionally, stellar C III emission at lambda 2297 is observed in early- and late-type [WC) CSPNS. Inclusion of these C III features for abundance determinations may resolve a conflict of underabundance of C/O for early type [WC2] - [WC4] CSPNS. A linear dependence on stellar C III lambda 2297 equivalent widths can be used to indicate a new classification of type [WCUV] central stars.

A case of primary osseous malignant immunoblastic B-cell lymphoma with intracytoplasmic mu lambda immunoglobulin inclusions.

PubMed

Fiche, M; Le Tourneau, A; Audouin, J; Touzard, R C; Diebold, J

1990-02-01

Primary malignant lymphoma of bone, so-called Parker-Jackson reticulosarcoma, is a rare form of extranodal lymphoma with a relatively good prognosis. It often corresponds to B-cell lymphoma of high-grade malignancy. We report a case of mu lambda immunoblastic lymphoma showing two distinctive features: an abundant reactive T-lymphocytic population and unusual intra-cytoplasmic inclusions. These inclusions were PAS positive and consisted of monotypic mu lambda immunoglobulin localized in peculiar aggregates of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Their morphological appearances resembled the well-documented inclusions described in some varieties of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Solar system and equivalence principle constraints on f(R) gravity by the chameleon approach

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Capozziello, Salvatore; Tsujikawa, Shinji

2008-05-15

We study constraints on f(R) dark energy models from solar system experiments combined with experiments on the violation of the equivalence principle. When the mass of an equivalent scalar field degree of freedom is heavy in a region with high density, a spherically symmetric body has a thin shell so that an effective coupling of the fifth force is suppressed through a chameleon mechanism. We place experimental bounds on the cosmologically viable models recently proposed in the literature that have an asymptotic form f(R)=R-{lambda}R{sub c}[1-(R{sub c}/R){sup 2n}] in the regime R>>R{sub c}. From the solar system constraints on the post-Newtonianmore » parameter {gamma}, we derive the bound n>0.5, whereas the constraints from the violations of the weak and strong equivalence principles give the bound n>0.9. This allows a possibility to find the deviation from the {lambda}-cold dark matter ({lambda}CDM) cosmological model. For the model f(R)=R-{lambda}R{sub c}(R/R{sub c}){sup p} with 0

Ozone Measurements with the US EPA UV-DIAL: Preliminary Results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moosmueller, H.; Diebel, D.; Bundy, D. H.; Bristow, M. P.; Alvarez, R. J., II; Kovalev, V. A.; Edmonds, C. M.; Turner, R. M.; Mcelroy, J. L.

1992-01-01

A compact airborne down-looking lidar system was developed at the Environmental Protection Agency in Las Vegas. This differential absorption lidar (DIAL) was designed to simultaneously measure range-resolved concentrations of ozone (O3) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the lower troposphere, together with an indication of the aerosol distribution. The five laser wavelengths (i.e., lambda(sub 1) = 277 nm, lambda(sub 2) = 292 nm, lambda(sub 3) = 313 nm, lambda(sub4) = 319 nm, lambda(sub 5) = 369 nm) were generated via Raman conversion of a focused KrF excimer laser. The system is currently installed in a truck-based mobile laboratory. For the ground testing, an opening in the truck floor together with a folding mirror under the truck makes a horizontal, or upwardly inclined direction of measurement possible. Initial ground testing has been performed in the vicinity of a Desert Research Institute (DRI) ambient air monitoring site, located at Cottonwood Cove approximately 85 km south east of Las Vegas, Nevada. At this site O3 and SO2 concentrations are continuously monitored with an average accuracy better than +/- 10 percent. A temporary ozone measurement station with identical accuracy was set up at a distance to get a second point of comparison for the range-resolved DIAL measurements.

Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors (QWIP)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Levine, B. F.

1990-01-01

There has been a lot of interest in III-V long wavelength detectors in the lambda = 8 to 12 micron spectral range as alternatives to HgCdTe. Recently high performance quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIP) have been demonstrated. They have a responsivity of R = 1.2 A/W, and a detectivity D(exp asterisk) sub lambda = 2 times 10(exp 10) cm Hz(exp 1/2)/W at 68 K for a QWIP with a cutoff wavelength of lambda sub c = 10.7 micron and a R = 1.0 A/W, and D(exp asterisk) sub lambda = 2 times 10(exp 10) cm Hz(exp 1/2)/W at T = 77 K for lambda sub c = 8.4 micron. These detectors consist of 50 periods of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) grown layers doped n = 1 times 10(exp 18)cm(exp -3) having GaAs quantum well widths of 40 A and barrier widths of 500 A of Al sub x Ga sub 1-x As. Due to the well-established GaAs growth and processing techniques, these detectors have the potential for large, highly uniform, low cost, high performance arrays as well as monolithic integration with GaAs electronics, high speed and radiation hardness. Latest results on the transport physics, device performance and arrays are discussed.

Interacting tachyon: Cosmological evolution for a tachyon and a scalar field

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Macorra, A. de la; Filobello, U.

2008-01-15

We study the cosmological evolution of a tachyon scalar field T with a Dirac-Born-Infeld type Lagrangian and potential V(T) coupled to a canonically normalized scalar field {phi} with an interaction term B(T,{phi}) in the presence of a barotropic fluid {rho}{sub b}, which can be matter or radiation. The force between the barotropic fluid and the scalar fields is only gravitational. We show that the dynamics is completely determined by only three parameters {lambda}{sub 1}=-V{sub T}/V{sup 3/2}, {lambda}{sub 2}=-B{sub T}/B{sup 3/2}, and {lambda}{sub 3}=-B{sub {phi}}/B. We determine analytically the conditions for {lambda}{sub i} under which the energy density of T, {phi},more » and {rho}{sub b} have the same redshift. We study the behavior of T and {phi} in the asymptotic limits for {lambda} and we show the numerical solution for different interesting cases. The effective equation of state for the tachyon field changes due to the interaction with the scalar field and we show that it is possible for a tachyon field to redshift as matter in the absence of an interaction term B and as radiation when B is turned on. This result solves then the tachyonic matter problem.« less

Osmotic pressure and virial coefficients of star and comb polymer solutions: dissipative particle dynamics.

PubMed

Wang, Tzu-Yu; Fang, Che-Ming; Sheng, Yu-Jane; Tsao, Heng-Kwong

2009-03-28

The effects of macromolecular architecture on the osmotic pressure pi and virial coefficients (B(2) and B(3)) of star and comb polymers in good solvents are studied by dissipative particle dynamics simulations for both dilute and semiconcentrated regimes. The dependence of the osmotic pressure on polymer concentration is directly calculated by considering two reservoirs separated by a semipermeable, fictitious membrane. Our simulation results show that the ratios A(n+1) identical with B(n+1)/R(g)(3n) are essentially constant and A(2) and A(3) are arm number (f) dependent, where R(g) is zero-density radius of gyration. The value of dimensionless virial ratio g = A(3)/A(2)(2) increases with arm number of stars whereas it is essentially arm number independent for comb polymers. In semiconcentrated regime the scaling relation between osmotic pressure and volume fraction, pi proportional to phi(lambda), still holds for both star and comb polymers. For comb polymers, the exponent lambda is close to lambda(*) (approximately = 2.73 for linear chains) and is independent of the arm number. However, for star polymers, the exponent lambda deviates from lambda(*) and actually grows with increasing the arm number. This may be attributed to the significant ternary interactions near the star core in the many-arm systems.

MEG Connectivity and Power Detections with Minimum Norm Estimates Require Different Regularization Parameters.

PubMed

Hincapié, Ana-Sofía; Kujala, Jan; Mattout, Jérémie; Daligault, Sebastien; Delpuech, Claude; Mery, Domingo; Cosmelli, Diego; Jerbi, Karim

2016-01-01

Minimum Norm Estimation (MNE) is an inverse solution method widely used to reconstruct the source time series that underlie magnetoencephalography (MEG) data. MNE addresses the ill-posed nature of MEG source estimation through regularization (e.g., Tikhonov regularization). Selecting the best regularization parameter is a critical step. Generally, once set, it is common practice to keep the same coefficient throughout a study. However, it is yet to be known whether the optimal lambda for spectral power analysis of MEG source data coincides with the optimal regularization for source-level oscillatory coupling analysis. We addressed this question via extensive Monte-Carlo simulations of MEG data, where we generated 21,600 configurations of pairs of coupled sources with varying sizes, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and coupling strengths. Then, we searched for the Tikhonov regularization coefficients (lambda) that maximize detection performance for (a) power and (b) coherence. For coherence, the optimal lambda was two orders of magnitude smaller than the best lambda for power. Moreover, we found that the spatial extent of the interacting sources and SNR, but not the extent of coupling, were the main parameters affecting the best choice for lambda. Our findings suggest using less regularization when measuring oscillatory coupling compared to power estimation.

Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors (QWIP)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Levine, B. F.

1990-07-01

There has been a lot of interest in III-V long wavelength detectors in the lambda = 8 to 12 micron spectral range as alternatives to HgCdTe. Recently high performance quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIP) have been demonstrated. They have a responsivity of R = 1.2 A/W, and a detectivity D(exp asterisk) sub lambda = 2 times 10(exp 10) cm Hz(exp 1/2)/W at 68 K for a QWIP with a cutoff wavelength of lambda sub c = 10.7 micron and a R = 1.0 A/W, and D(exp asterisk) sub lambda = 2 times 10(exp 10) cm Hz(exp 1/2)/W at T = 77 K for lambda sub c = 8.4 micron. These detectors consist of 50 periods of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) grown layers doped n = 1 times 10(exp 18)cm(exp -3) having GaAs quantum well widths of 40 A and barrier widths of 500 A of Al sub x Ga sub 1-x As. Due to the well-established GaAs growth and processing techniques, these detectors have the potential for large, highly uniform, low cost, high performance arrays as well as monolithic integration with GaAs electronics, high speed and radiation hardness. Latest results on the transport physics, device performance and arrays are discussed.

Hydroponic Uptake of Atrazine and Lambda-cyhalothrin in Aquatic Macrophytes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bouldin, J. L.; Farris, J. L.; Moore, M. T.; Smith, S.; Cooper, C. M.

2005-05-01

Phytoremediation encompasses an array of plant-associated processes known to mitigate contaminants from soil, sediment, and water. Modification of pesticides associated with agricultural runoff includes processes directly associated with aquatic macrophytes in addition to soil geochemical modifications and associated rhizospheric degradation. Remediation attributes of two vegetative species common to agricultural drainages in the Mississippi Delta, USA, were assessed using atrazine and lambda-cyhalothrin. Concentrations used in 8-d hydroponic exposures were calculated using recommended field applications and a 5% runoff model from a 0.65-cm rainfall event on a 2.02-ha field. While greater atrazine uptake was measured in Juncus effusus, greater lambda-cyhalothrin uptake occurred in Ludwigia peploides. Maximum pesticide uptake was reached within 48 h for each exposure and subsequent translocation of pesticides to upper plant biomass occurred in macrophytes exposed to atrazine. Sequestration of 98.2% of lambda-cyhalothrin in roots of L. peploides was measured after 8 d. Translocation of lambda-cyhalothrin in J. effusus resulted in 25.4% of pesticide uptake partitioned to upper plant biomass. These individual macrophyte remediation studies measured species- and pesticide-specific uptake rates, indicating that the seasonality of pesticide applications and macrophyte emergence might interact strongly to enhance mitigation capabilities in edge-of-field conveyance structures.

Hydroponic uptake of atrazine and lambda-cyhalothrin in Juncus effusus and Ludwigia peploides.

PubMed

Bouldin, J L; Farris, J L; Moore, M T; Smith, S; Cooper, C M

2006-11-01

Phytoremediation encompasses an array of plant-associated processes known to mitigate contaminants from soil, sediment, and water. Modification of pesticides associated with agricultural runoff includes processes directly associated with aquatic macrophytes in addition to changes in soil geochemistry and associated rhizospheric degradation. Remediation attributes of two vegetative species common to agricultural drainages in the Mississippi Delta, USA, were assessed using atrazine and lambda-cyhalothrin. Concentrations used in 8-d hydroponic exposures were calculated using recommended field applications and a 5% runoff model from a 0.65-cm rainfall event on a 2.02-ha field. While greater atrazine uptake was measured in Juncus effusus, greater lambda-cyhalothrin uptake occurred in Ludwigia peploides. Maximum pesticide uptake was reached within 48h for each exposure and subsequent translocation of pesticides to upper plant biomass occurred in macrophytes exposed to atrazine. Sequestration of 98.2% of lambda-cyhalothrin in roots of L. peploides was measured after 8d. Translocation of lambda-cyhalothrin in J. effusus resulted in 25.4% of pesticide uptake partitioned to upper plant biomass. These individual macrophyte remediation studies measured species- and pesticide-specific uptake rates, indicating that seasonality of pesticide applications and macrophyte emergence might interact strongly to enhance mitigation capabilities in edge-of-field conveyance structures.

Bottom-up approach for microstructure optimization of sound absorbing materials.

PubMed

Perrot, Camille; Chevillotte, Fabien; Panneton, Raymond

2008-08-01

Results from a numerical study examining micro-/macrorelations linking local geometry parameters to sound absorption properties are presented. For a hexagonal structure of solid fibers, the porosity phi, the thermal characteristic length Lambda('), the static viscous permeability k(0), the tortuosity alpha(infinity), the viscous characteristic length Lambda, and the sound absorption coefficient are computed. Numerical solutions of the steady Stokes and electrical equations are employed to provide k(0), alpha(infinity), and Lambda. Hybrid estimates based on direct numerical evaluation of phi, Lambda('), k(0), alpha(infinity), Lambda, and the analytical model derived by Johnson, Allard, and Champoux are used to relate varying (i) throat size, (ii) pore size, and (iii) fibers' cross-section shapes to the sound absorption spectrum. The result of this paper tends to demonstrate the important effect of throat size in the sound absorption level, cell size in the sound absorption frequency selectivity, and fibers' cross-section shape in the porous material weight reduction. In a hexagonal porous structure with solid fibers, the sound absorption level will tend to be maximized with a 48+/-10 microm throat size corresponding to an intermediate resistivity, a 13+/-8 microm fiber radius associated with relatively small interfiber distances, and convex triangular cross-section shape fibers allowing weight reduction.

Semileptonic decays of charmed and beauty baryons with heavy sterile neutrinos in the final state

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ramazanov, Sabir; Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 60th October Anniversary Prospect 7a, Moscow 117312

We obtain tree-level estimates of various differential branching ratios of heavy baryon decays with massive sterile neutrinos {nu}{sub x} in the final state. Generally, charmed baryons are found to be less promising than charmed mesons, in contrast to b hadrons. In the latter case, branching ratios of beauty mesons and baryons into sterile neutrinos are of the same order. As a consequence, at high energies beauty baryons give contribution to sterile neutrino production comparable to the contribution of beauty mesons (up to about 15%). Experimental limits on active-to-sterile mixing are quite strong for neutrinos lighter than D mesons but formore » heavier neutrinos they are weaker. As an example, for neutrino masses in the range 2 GeV < or approx. m{sub {nu}{sub x}} < or approx. 2.5 GeV, current data imply that the bounds on {lambda}{sub b}-hyperon branching ratios into sterile neutrinos are Br({lambda}{sub b}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}+e{sup -}+{nu}{sub x}) < or approx. 1.3x10{sup -5}-1.7x10{sup -6} and Br({lambda}{sub b}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}+{mu}{sup -}+{nu}{sub x}) < or approx. 3.9x10{sup -7}-1.4x10{sup -7}.« less

Techniques for Solution- Assisted Optical Contacting

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

DeVine, Glenn; Ware, Brent; Wuchenich, Danielle M.; Spero, Robert E.; Klipstein, William M.; McKenzie, Kirk

2012-01-01

A document discusses a solution-assisted contacting technique for optical contacting. An optic of surface flatness Lambda/20 was successfully contacted with one of moderate surface quality, or Lambda/4. Optics used were both ultra-low expansion (ULE) glass (Lambda/4 and Lambda/20) and fused silica (Lambda/20). A stainless steel template of the intended interferometer layout was designed and constructed with three contact points per optic. The contact points were all on a common side of the template. The entire contacting jig was tilted at about 30 . Thus, when the isopropanol was applied, each optic slid due to gravity, resting on the contact points. All of the contacting was performed in a relatively dusty laboratory. A number of successful contacts were achieved where up to two or three visible pieces of dust could be seen. These were clearly visible due to refraction patterns between the optic and bench. On a number of optics, the final step of dropping isopropyl between the surfaces was repeated until a successful contact was achieved. The new procedures realized in this work represent a simplification for optical contacting in the laboratory. They will both save time and money spent during the contacting process, and research and development phases. The techniques outlined are suitable for laboratory experiments, research, and initial development stages.

MEG Connectivity and Power Detections with Minimum Norm Estimates Require Different Regularization Parameters

PubMed Central

Hincapié, Ana-Sofía; Kujala, Jan; Mattout, Jérémie; Daligault, Sebastien; Delpuech, Claude; Mery, Domingo; Cosmelli, Diego; Jerbi, Karim

2016-01-01

Minimum Norm Estimation (MNE) is an inverse solution method widely used to reconstruct the source time series that underlie magnetoencephalography (MEG) data. MNE addresses the ill-posed nature of MEG source estimation through regularization (e.g., Tikhonov regularization). Selecting the best regularization parameter is a critical step. Generally, once set, it is common practice to keep the same coefficient throughout a study. However, it is yet to be known whether the optimal lambda for spectral power analysis of MEG source data coincides with the optimal regularization for source-level oscillatory coupling analysis. We addressed this question via extensive Monte-Carlo simulations of MEG data, where we generated 21,600 configurations of pairs of coupled sources with varying sizes, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and coupling strengths. Then, we searched for the Tikhonov regularization coefficients (lambda) that maximize detection performance for (a) power and (b) coherence. For coherence, the optimal lambda was two orders of magnitude smaller than the best lambda for power. Moreover, we found that the spatial extent of the interacting sources and SNR, but not the extent of coupling, were the main parameters affecting the best choice for lambda. Our findings suggest using less regularization when measuring oscillatory coupling compared to power estimation. PMID:27092179

Combined toxicity of chlorantraniliprole, lambda-cyhalothrin, and imidacloprid to the silkworm Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae).

PubMed

Liu, Yanmei; Zhang, Hui; He, Fengmei; Li, Xuesheng; Tan, Huihua; Zeng, Dongqiang

2018-05-29

Insecticides with different modes of action may act in combination, in ways such as drifting, spray equipment residual, or utilizing concurrently in mulberry orchards or nearby agricultural fields. Silkworms may suffer from a diverse impact on the survival. In this study, the toxicity of chlorantraniliprole, lambda-cyhalothrin, and imidacloprid and their combinations to the second instar of silkworms (Bombyx mori (L.)(Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)) were evaluated after 48 and 72 h treatment by the leaf-dipping method and the combination index (CI)-isobologram equation. After 48 h treatment, results indicated that (1) the increasing order of toxicity was imidacloprid < chlorantraniliprole < lambda-cyhalothrin, and that (2) synergism was predominated in most combinations excepted for the lambda-cyhalothrin + imidacloprid combination which displayed an additive effect at f a value 0.5. Then, after 72 h treatment, results exhibited that (1) the increasing order of toxicity was imidacloprid < lambda-cyhalothrin < chlorantraniliprole, and that (2) only the chlorantraniliprole + imidacloprid mixture yielded antagonism at f a value 0.5; the other combinations performed an additive effect at least. Consequently, combined toxicity of mixtures may pose a worse effect on silkworm than single toxicity of insecticides. Therefore, we suggest that insecticide mixtures should be added into ecotoxicological risk assessment.

FUSE Observations of Warm Gas in the Cooling Flow Clusters A1795 and A2597

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Oegerle, W. R.; Cowie, L.; Davidsen, A.; Hu, E.; Hutchings, J.; Murphy, E.; Sembach, K.; Woodgate, B.; Fisher, Richard R. (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

We present far-ultraviolet spectroscopy of the cores of the massive cooling flow clusters Abell 1795 and 2597 obtained with FUSE. As the intracluster gas cools through 3 x 10(exp 5)K, it should emit strongly in the O VI lambda(lambda)1032,1038 resonance lines. We report the detection of O VI (lambda)1032 emission in A2597, with a line flux of 1.35 +/- 0.35 x 10(exp -15) erg/sq cm s, as well as detection of emission from C III (lambda)977. A marginal detection of C III (lambda)977 emission is also reported for A1795. These observations provide evidence for a direct link between the hot (10(exp 7) K) cooling flow gas and the cool (10(exp 4) K) gas in the optical emission line filaments. Assuming simple cooling flow models, the O VI line flux in A2597 corresponds to a mass deposition rate of approx. 40 solar mass /yr within the central 36 kpc. Emission from O VI (lambda)1032 was not detected in A1795, with an upper limit of 1.5 x 10(exp -15) erg/sq cm s, corresponding to a limit on the mass cooling flow rate of M(28 kpc) less than 28M solar mass/ yr. We have considered several explanations for the lack of detection of O VI emission in A1795 and the weaker than expected flux in A2597, including extinction by dust in the outer cluster, and quenching of thermal conduction by magnetic fields. We conclude that a turbulent mixing model, with some dust extinction, could explain our O VI results while also accounting for the puzzling lack of emission by Fe(sub XVII) in cluster cooling flows.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hartfiel, Brandon; /SLAC

The physics of this note is divided into two parts. The first part measures the {Lambda}{sub c} {yields} {pi}kp continuum momentum spectrum at a center of mass energy of 10.54 GeV/c. The data sample consists of 15,400 {Lambda}{sub c} baryons from 9.46 fb{sup -1} of integrated luminosity. With more than 13 times more data than the best previous measurement, we are able to exclude some of the simpler, one parameter fragmentation functions. In the second part, we add the {Lambda}{sub c} {yields} K{sup 0}p mode, and look for events with a {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +} and a {bar {Lambda}}{sub c}{sup -}more » in order to look for ''popcorn'' mesons formed between the baryon and antibaryon. We add on-resonance data, with a kinematic cut to eliminate background from B decays, as well as BaBar run 3 and 4 data to increase the total data size to 219.70 fb{sup -1}. We find 619 events after background subtraction. After a subtraction of 1.06 {+-} .09 charged pions coming from decays of known resonances to {Lambda}{sub c} + {eta}{pi}, we are left with 2.63 {+-} .21 additional charged pions in each of these events. This is significantly higher than the .5 popcorn mesons per baryon pair used in the current tuning of Pythia 6.2, the most widely used Monte Carlo generator. The extra mesons we find appear to be the first direct evidence of popcorn mesons, although some of them could be arising from hypothetical unresolved, unobserved charmed baryon resonances contributing decay mesons to our data. To contribute a significant fraction, this hypothesis requires a large number of such broad unresolved states and seems unlikely, but can not be completely excluded.« less

Serum levels of immunoglobulin free light chains in patients with chronic hepatitis C presenting cryoglobulinemia.

PubMed

Oliveira, Isabela S; Cabral, Milena S; Jesus, Larissa S; Paraná, Raymundo; Atta, Ajax M; Sousa Atta, Maria Luiza B

2014-01-01

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects B-lymphocytes, provokes cellular dysfunction and causes lymphoproliferative diseases such as cryoglobulinemia and non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma. In the present study, we investigated the serum levels of kappa and lambda free light chains (FLC) of immunoglobulins and the kappa/lambda FLC ratio in Brazilian patients with chronic HCV infection and cryoglobulinemia. We also analyzed the immunochemical composition of the cryoglobulins in these patients. Twenty-eight cryoglobulinemic HCV patients composed the target group, while 37 HCV patients without cryoglobulinemia were included as controls. The median levels of kappa and lambda FLC were higher in patients with cryoglobulinemia compared to controls (p=0.001 and p=0.003, respectively), but the kappa/lambda FLC ratio was similar in patients with and without cryoglobulinemia (p>0.05). The median FLC ratio was higher in HCV patients presenting with advanced fibrosis of the liver compared to HCV patients without fibrosis (p=0.004). Kappa and lambda FLC levels were strongly correlated with the IgA, IgG and IgM levels in the patients with cryoglobulinemia. In patients without cryoglobulinemia, the kappa FLC level was only correlated with the IgG level, whereas the lambda FLC were weakly correlated with the IgA, IgG and IgM levels. An immunochemical pattern of mixed cryoglobulins (MC), predominantly IgM, IgG, IgA and kappa light chain, was verified in these immune complexes. We concluded that HCV-infected patients presenting cryoglobulinemia have vigorous polyclonal B-lymphocyte activation due to chronic HCV infection and persistent immune stimulation. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

Daclatasvir/peginterferon lambda-1a/ribavirin in patients with chronic HCV infection and haemophilia who are treatment naïve or prior relapsers to peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin.

PubMed

Santagostino, E; Pol, S; Olveira, A; Reesink, H W; van Erpecum, K; Bogomolov, P; Xu, D; Critelli, L; Srinivasan, S; Cooney, E

2016-09-01

This study explores the potential role of a novel interferon-containing regimen for treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and underlying haemophilia. This trial (NCT01741545) was an open-label, non-randomized phase 3 study, which included adult haemophiliacs with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Patients with HCV genotypes (GT)-2 or -3 were treated with Lambda-IFN/ribavirin (RBV)/daclatasvir (DCV) for 12 weeks (cohort A). Patients with HCV GT-1b or -4 were treated with Lambda-IFN/RBV/DCV for 12 weeks, followed by Lambda-IFN/RBV for an additional 12 weeks (cohort B). The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with a sustained virologic response at post-treatment follow-up week 12 (SVR12). Clinical development of Lambda-IFN was discontinued during this trial leading to study termination before a 24-week post-treatment follow-up was obtained for all participants. Overall, 51 patients were treated (cohort A, n = 12; cohort B, n = 39). The proportion of patients achieving SVR12 was 92% in cohort A and 90% in cohort B. Therapy was generally well tolerated. The most common adverse events (AEs) were related to elevations in serum transaminases and/or bilirubin. Five serious AEs, four discontinuations due to AEs, and no deaths were reported. The rate of grade 3-4 bilirubin elevations was 17-18% across cohorts. Lambda-IFN/RBV/DCV treatment demonstrated a high SVR rate and was generally well tolerated with a safety profile consistent with expectations for this special patient population. This study supports use of DCV as part of a combination treatment regimen for haemophiliacs with CHC. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Effects of sample size on estimates of population growth rates calculated with matrix models.

PubMed

Fiske, Ian J; Bruna, Emilio M; Bolker, Benjamin M

2008-08-28

Matrix models are widely used to study the dynamics and demography of populations. An important but overlooked issue is how the number of individuals sampled influences estimates of the population growth rate (lambda) calculated with matrix models. Even unbiased estimates of vital rates do not ensure unbiased estimates of lambda-Jensen's Inequality implies that even when the estimates of the vital rates are accurate, small sample sizes lead to biased estimates of lambda due to increased sampling variance. We investigated if sampling variability and the distribution of sampling effort among size classes lead to biases in estimates of lambda. Using data from a long-term field study of plant demography, we simulated the effects of sampling variance by drawing vital rates and calculating lambda for increasingly larger populations drawn from a total population of 3842 plants. We then compared these estimates of lambda with those based on the entire population and calculated the resulting bias. Finally, we conducted a review of the literature to determine the sample sizes typically used when parameterizing matrix models used to study plant demography. We found significant bias at small sample sizes when survival was low (survival = 0.5), and that sampling with a more-realistic inverse J-shaped population structure exacerbated this bias. However our simulations also demonstrate that these biases rapidly become negligible with increasing sample sizes or as survival increases. For many of the sample sizes used in demographic studies, matrix models are probably robust to the biases resulting from sampling variance of vital rates. However, this conclusion may depend on the structure of populations or the distribution of sampling effort in ways that are unexplored. We suggest more intensive sampling of populations when individual survival is low and greater sampling of stages with high elasticities.

Iterative retrieval of surface emissivity and temperature for a hyperspectral sensor

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Borel, C.C.

1997-11-01

The central problem of temperature-emissivity separation is that we obtain N spectral measurements of radiance and need to find N + 1 unknowns (N emissivities and one temperature). To solve this problem in the presence of the atmosphere we need to find even more unknowns: N spectral transmissions {tau}{sub atmo}({lambda}) up-welling path radiances L{sub path}{up_arrow}({lambda}) and N down-welling path radiances L{sub path}{down_arrow}({lambda}). Fortunately there are radiative transfer codes such as MODTRAN 3 and FASCODE available to get good estimates of {tau}{sub atmo}({lambda}), L{sub path}{up_arrow}({lambda}) and L{sub path}{down_arrow}({lambda}) in the order of a few percent. With the growing use of hyperspectralmore » imagers, e.g. AVIRIS in the visible and short-wave infrared there is hope of using such instruments in the mid-wave and thermal IR (TIR) some day. We believe that this will enable us to get around using the present temperature - emissivity separation (TES) algorithms using methods which take advantage of the many channels available in hyperspectral imagers. The first idea we had is to take advantage of the simple fact that a typical surface emissivity spectrum is rather smooth compared to spectral features introduced by the atmosphere. Thus iterative solution techniques can be devised which retrieve emissivity spectra {epsilon} based on spectral smoothness. To make the emissivities realistic, atmospheric parameters are varied using approximations, look-up tables derived from a radiative transfer code and spectral libraries. By varying the surface temperature over a small range a series of emissivity spectra are calculated. The one with the smoothest characteristic is chosen. The algorithm was tested on synthetic data using MODTRAN and the Salisbury emissivity database.« less

Self-organized coherent bursts of stimulated Raman scattering and speckle interaction in multi-speckled laser beams

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yin, L.; Albright, B. J.; Rose, H. A.

2013-01-15

Nonlinear physics governing the kinetic behavior of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in multi-speckled laser beams has been identified in the trapping regime over a wide range of k{lambda}{sub D} values (here k is the wave number of the electron plasma waves and {lambda}{sub D} is the Debye length) in homogeneous and inhomogeneous plasmas. Hot electrons from intense speckles, both forward and side-loss hot electrons produced during SRS daughter electron plasma wave bowing and filamentation, seed and enhance the growth of SRS in neighboring speckles by reducing Landau damping. Trapping-enhanced speckle interaction through transport of hot electrons, backscatter, and sidescatter SRSmore » light waves enable the system of speckles to self-organize and exhibit coherent, sub-ps SRS bursts with more than 100% instantaneous reflectivity, resulting in an SRS transverse coherence width much larger than a speckle width and a SRS spectrum that peaks outside the incident laser cone. SRS reflectivity is found to saturate above a threshold laser intensity at a level of reflectivity that depends on k{lambda}{sub D}: higher k{lambda}{sub D} leads to lower SRS and the reflectivity scales as {approx}(k{lambda}{sub D}){sup -4}. As k{lambda}{sub D} and Landau damping increase, speckle interaction via sidescattered light and side-loss hot electrons decreases and the occurrence of self-organized events becomes infrequent, leading to the reduction of time-averaged SRS reflectivity. It is found that the inclusion of a moderately strong magnetic field in the laser direction can effectively control SRS by suppressing transverse speckle interaction via hot electron transport.« less

Liquid-air partition coefficients of 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC152a), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC143a), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC134a), 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane (HFC125) and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC245fa).

PubMed

Ernstgård, Lena; Lind, Birger; Andersen, Melvin E; Johanson, Gunnar

2010-01-01

Blood-air and tissue-blood coefficients (lambda) are essential to characterize the uptake and disposition of volatile substances, e.g. by physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling. Highly volatile chemicals, including many hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) have low solubility in liquid media. These characteristics pose challenges for determining lambda values. A modified head-space vial equilibrium method was used to determine lambda values for five widely used HFCs. The method is based on automated head-space gas chromatography and injection of equal amount of chemical in two head-space vials with identical air phase volumes but different volumes of the liquid phase. The liquids used were water (physiological saline), fresh human blood, and olive oil. The average lambda values (n = 8) were as follows: 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC152a) - 1.08 (blood-air), 1.11 (water-air) and 5.6 (oil-air); 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC143a) - 0.15, 0.15 and 1.90; 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC134a) - 0.36, 0.35 and 3.5; 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane (HFC125) - 0.083, 0.074 and 1.71; and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC245fa) - 0.62, 0.58 and 12.1. The lambda values appeared to be concentration-independent in the investigated range (2-200 ppm). In spite of the low lambda values, the method errors were modest, with coefficients of variation of 9, 11 and 10% for water, blood and oil, respectively.

Diffusion Tensor Imaging of Normal-Appearing White Matter as Biomarker for Radiation-Induced Late Delayed Cognitive Decline

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chapman, Christopher H., E-mail: chchap@umich.edu; Nagesh, Vijaya; Sundgren, Pia C.

Purpose: To determine whether early assessment of cerebral white matter degradation can predict late delayed cognitive decline after radiotherapy (RT). Methods and Materials: Ten patients undergoing conformal fractionated brain RT participated in a prospective diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging study. Magnetic resonance imaging studies were acquired before RT, at 3 and 6 weeks during RT, and 10, 30, and 78 weeks after starting RT. The diffusivity variables in the parahippocampal cingulum bundle and temporal lobe white matter were computed. A quality-of-life survey and neurocognitive function tests were administered before and after RT at the magnetic resonance imaging follow-up visits. Results:more » In both structures, longitudinal diffusivity ({lambda}{sub Double-Vertical-Line }) decreased and perpendicular diffusivity ({lambda}{sub Up-Tack }) increased after RT, with early changes correlating to later changes (p < .05). The radiation dose correlated with an increase in cingulum {lambda}{sub Up-Tack} at 3 weeks, and patients with >50% of cingula volume receiving >12 Gy had a greater increase in {lambda}{sub Up-Tack} at 3 and 6 weeks (p < .05). The post-RT changes in verbal recall scores correlated linearly with the late changes in cingulum {lambda}{sub Double-Vertical-Line} (30 weeks, p < .02). Using receiver operating characteristic curves, early cingulum {lambda}{sub Double-Vertical-Line} changes predicted for post-RT changes in verbal recall scores (3 and 6 weeks, p < .05). The neurocognitive test scores correlated significantly with the quality-of-life survey results. Conclusions: The correlation between early diffusivity changes in the parahippocampal cingulum and the late decline in verbal recall suggests that diffusion tensor imaging might be useful as a biomarker for predicting late delayed cognitive decline.« less

Testable solution of the cosmological constant and coincidence problems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shaw, Douglas J.; Barrow, John D.

2011-02-15

We present a new solution to the cosmological constant (CC) and coincidence problems in which the observed value of the CC, {Lambda}, is linked to other observable properties of the Universe. This is achieved by promoting the CC from a parameter that must be specified, to a field that can take many possible values. The observed value of {Lambda}{approx_equal}(9.3 Gyrs){sup -2}[{approx_equal}10{sup -120} in Planck units] is determined by a new constraint equation which follows from the application of a causally restricted variation principle. When applied to our visible Universe, the model makes a testable prediction for the dimensionless spatial curvaturemore » of {Omega}{sub k0}=-0.0056({zeta}{sub b}/0.5), where {zeta}{sub b}{approx}1/2 is a QCD parameter. Requiring that a classical history exist, our model determines the probability of observing a given {Lambda}. The observed CC value, which we successfully predict, is typical within our model even before the effects of anthropic selection are included. When anthropic selection effects are accounted for, we find that the observed coincidence between t{sub {Lambda}={Lambda}}{sup -1/2} and the age of the Universe, t{sub U}, is a typical occurrence in our model. In contrast to multiverse explanations of the CC problems, our solution is independent of the choice of a prior weighting of different {Lambda} values and does not rely on anthropic selection effects. Our model includes no unnatural small parameters and does not require the introduction of new dynamical scalar fields or modifications to general relativity, and it can be tested by astronomical observations in the near future.« less

Three-Dimensional Distribution of Ejecta in Supernova 1987A at 10,000 Days

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Larsson, J.; Fransson, C.; Spyromilio, J.; Leibundgut, B.; Challis, P.; Chevalier, R. A.; France, K.; Jerkstrand, A.; Kirshner, R. P.; Lundqvist, P.;

tif-dependent induction of colicin E1, prophage lambda, and filamentation in Escherichia coli K-12.

PubMed

Tessman, E S; Peterson, P K

1980-09-01

To help understand how the tif-1 mutation of the recA gene of Escherichia coli confers adenine activability on the recA protein, we used the fact that cytidine plus guanosine inhibits induction of prophage lambda and cell filamentation in a tif-1 mutant, and that adenine reverses this inhibition. We varied the amount of adenine in agar plates containing a fixed amount of cytidine and scored for survivors of three different tif-dependent lethal induction processes. Much more adenine was required for cell killing when cytidine was present than when it was absent. Therefore adenine does not override cytidine inhibition, but instead appears to compete with it for a site of action which may be on the recA protein. The competition is not at the cell transport level. Our results lead to a model in which the tif form of the recA protein is an allosteric enzyme that binds both negative and positive modulators. By varying the adenine-cytidine ratio of the medium it is possible to control the degree of induction in a tif-1 cell. For the three different tif-dependent inductions studied here, least adenine was required for lambda induction and most for lethal filamentation, presumably reflecting requirements for different amounts of activated recA protein in each process. Varying the adenine-cytidine ratio revealed two stable intermediate stages in lambda induction, as well as a stage of colicin E1 induction in which the cells produced colicin without cell death. The rate of filament formation could be similarly controlled. Experiments with tif (ColE1, lambda) gave evidence of a competition between colicin repressor and lambda repressor for activated recA protein.

Effect of pest controlling neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) and mata-raton (Gliricidia sepium Jacquin) leaf extracts on emission of green house gases and inorganic-N content in urea-amended soil.

PubMed

Méndez-Bautista, Joaquín; Fernández-Luqueño, Fabián; López-Valdez, Fernando; Mendoza-Cristino, Reyna; Montes-Molina, Joaquín A; Gutierrez-Miceli, F A; Dendooven, L

2009-07-01

Extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) and Gliricidia sepium Jacquin, locally known as 'mata-raton', are used to control pests of maize. Their application, however, is known to affect soil microorganisms. We investigated if these extracts affected emissions of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O), important greenhouse gases, and dynamics of soil inorganic N. Soil was treated with extracts of neem, mata-raton or lambda-cyhalothrin, used as chemical control. The soil was amended with or without urea and incubated at 40% and 100% water holding capacity (WHC). Concentrations of ammonium (NH4+), nitrite (NO2(-)) and nitrate (NO3(-)) and emissions of CH4, CO2 and N2O were monitored for 7d. Treating urea-amended soil with extracts of neem, mata-raton or lambda-cyhalothrin reduced the emission of CO2 significantly compared to the untreated soil with the largest decrease found in the latter. Oxidation of CH4 was inhibited by extracts of neem in the unamended soil, and by neem, mata-raton and lambda-cyhalothrin in the urea-amended soil compared to the untreated soil. Neem, mata-raton and lambda-cyhalothrin reduced the N2O emission from the unamended soil incubated at 40%WHC compared to the untreated soil. Extracts of neem, mata-raton and lambda-cyhalothrin had no significant effect on dynamics of NH4(+), NO2(-) and NO(3)(-). It was found that emission of CO2 and oxidation of CH4 was inhibited in the urea-amended soil treated with extracts of neem, mata-raton and lambda-cyhalothrin, but ammonification, N2O emission and nitrification were not affected.

Acoustic radiation from weakly wrinkled premixed flames

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lieuwen, Tim; Mohan, Sripathi; Rajaram, Rajesh

2006-01-01

This paper describes a theoretical analysis of acoustic radiation from weakly wrinkled (i.e., u'/S{sub L}<1) premixed flames. Specifically, it determines the transfer function relating the spectrum of the acoustic pressure oscillations, P'({omega}), to that of the turbulent velocity fluctuations in the approach flow, U'({omega}). In the weakly wrinkled limit, this transfer function is local in frequency space; i.e., velocity fluctuations at a frequency {omega} distort the flame and generate sound at the same frequency. This transfer function primarily depends upon the flame Strouhal number St (based on mean flow velocity and flame length) and the correlation length, {lambda}, of themore » flow fluctuations. For cases where the ratio of the correlation length and duct radius {lambda}/a>>1, the acoustic pressure and turbulent velocity power spectra are related by P'({omega})-{omega}{sup 2}U'({omega}) and P'({omega})-U'({omega}) for St<<1 and St>>1, respectively. For cases where {lambda}/a<<1, the transfer functions take the form P'({omega})-{omega}{sup 2}({lambda}/a){sup 2}U'({omega}) and P'({omega})-{omega}{sup 2}({lambda}/a){sup 2}({psi}-{delta}ln({lambda}/a))U'({omega}) for St<<1 and St>>1, respectively, where (PS) and {delta} are constants. The latter result demonstrates that this transfer function does not exhibit a simple power law relationship in the high frequency region of the spectra. The simultaneous dependence of this pressure-velocity transfer function upon the Strouhal number and correlation length suggests a mechanism for the experimentally observed maximum in acoustic spectra and provides some insight into the controversy in the literature over how this peak should scale with the flame Strouhal number.« less

Study of excited charm-strange baryons with evidence for new baryons {xi}{sub c}(3055){sup +} and {xi}{sub c}(3123){sup +}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aubert, B.; Bona, M.; Boutigny, D.

We present a study of excited charm-strange baryon states produced in e{sup +}e{sup -} annihilations at or near a center-of-mass energy of 10.58 GeV, in a data sample with an integrated luminosity of 384 fb{sup -1} recorded with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e{sup +}e{sup -} storage rings at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. We study strong decays of charm-strange baryons to {lambda}{sub c}{sup +}K{sub S}{sup 0}, {lambda}{sub c}{sup +}K{sup -}, {lambda}{sub c}{sup +}K{sup -}{pi}{sup +}, {lambda}{sub c}{sup +}K{sub S}{sup 0}{pi}{sup -}, {lambda}{sub c}{sup +}K{sub S}{sup 0}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}, and {lambda}{sub c}{sup +}K{sup -}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}. This study confirmsmore » the existence of the states {xi}{sub c}(2980){sup +}, {xi}{sub c}(3077){sup +}, and {xi}{sub c}(3077){sup 0}, with a more accurate determination of the {xi}{sub c}(2980){sup +} mass and width. We also present evidence for two new states, {xi}{sub c}(3055){sup +} and {xi}{sub c}(3123){sup +}, decaying through the intermediate-resonant modes {sigma}{sub c}(2455){sup ++}K{sup -} and {sigma}{sub c}(2520){sup ++}K{sup -}, respectively. For each of these baryons, we measure the yield in each final state, determine the statistical significance, and calculate the product of the production cross section and branching fractions. We also measure the masses and widths of these excited charm-strange baryons.« less

Influence of laser wavelength and pulse duration on gas bubble formation in blood filled glass capillaries.

PubMed

Kimel, Sol; Choi, Bernard; Svaasand, Lars O; Lotfi, Justin; Viator, John A; Nelson, J Stuart

2005-04-01

Hypervascular skin lesions (HVSL) are treated with medical lasers characterized by a variety of parameters such as wavelength lambda, pulse duration t(p), and radiant exposure E that can be adjusted for different pathology and blood vessel size. Treatment parameters have been optimized assuming constant optical properties of blood during laser photocoagulation. However, recent studies suggest that this assumption may not always be true. Our objective was to quantify thermally induced changes in blood that occur during irradiation using standard laser parameters. Glass capillary tubes (diameter D = 100, 200, and 337 microm) filled with fresh or hemolyzed rabbit blood were irradiated once at lambda = 585, 595, or 600 nm, t(p) = 1.5 milliseconds; and also at lambda = 585 nm, t(p) = 0.45 milliseconds. E was increased until blood ablation caused formation of permanent gas bubbles. In a corroborative study, human blood was heated at 50 degrees C and absorbance spectra were measured as a function of time. Threshold radiant exposure, E(thresh), for gas bubble formation was found not to depend on lambda, which might be surprising in view of the 10-fold lower absorption coefficient at 600 nm as compared to 585 nm. The spectroscopic study revealed heat-induced changes in blood constituent composition of hemoglobins (Hb) from initially 100% oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) to deoxyhemoglobin (HHb) and, ultimately, methemoglobin (metHb) as the major constituent. Model calculations of E(thresh)(lambda,D) based on changing constituent blood composition during heating with milliseconds lasers were found to correlate with experimental results. For laser treatment of HVSL it appears that lambda is of secondary importance and that the choice of t(p) is a more important factor. Copyright 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Priority Intelligence Requirement Answering and Commercial Question-Answering: Identifying the Gaps

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-06-01

systems  Tagged Text  Google Patent Search  Metacarta;  Semantic MediaWiki;  Palantir   Logic Statements  Prolog    5 Powerset (Microsoft Bing);  Cyc...provided  by  companies  including  MetaCarta  and  Palantir .   MetaCarta’s  technology  [ 12]  processes  documents  in  order  to  identify  any...and so on (Figure 4).    10   Figure 4  Palantir  Screenshot  from  Palantir  Tech Blog.   The graph  is  linked  to  the histogram view  that  allows

PVEX: An expert system for producibility/value engineering

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lam, Chun S.; Moseley, Warren

1991-01-01

PVEX is described as an expert system that solves the problem of selection of the material and process in missile manufacturing. The producibility and the value problem has been deeply studied in the past years, and was written in dBase III and PROLOG before. A new approach is presented in that the solution is achieved by introducing hypothetical reasoning, heuristic criteria integrated with a simple hypertext system and shell programming. PVEX combines KMS with Unix scripts which graphically depicts decision trees. The decision trees convey high level qualitative problem solving knowledge to users, and a stand-alone help facility and technical documentation is available through KMS. The system developed is considerably less development costly than any other comparable expert system.

Dynamic Optimization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Laird, Philip

1992-01-01

We distinguish static and dynamic optimization of programs: whereas static optimization modifies a program before runtime and is based only on its syntactical structure, dynamic optimization is based on the statistical properties of the input source and examples of program execution. Explanation-based generalization is a commonly used dynamic optimization method, but its effectiveness as a speedup-learning method is limited, in part because it fails to separate the learning process from the program transformation process. This paper describes a dynamic optimization technique called a learn-optimize cycle that first uses a learning element to uncover predictable patterns in the program execution and then uses an optimization algorithm to map these patterns into beneficial transformations. The technique has been used successfully for dynamic optimization of pure Prolog.

Broadband Direct Detection Submillimeter Spectrometer with Multiplexed Superconducting Transition Edge Thermometer Bolometers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Benford, D. J.; Ames, T. A.; Chervenak, J. A.; Moseley, S. H.; Shafer, R. A.; Staguhn, J. G.; Voellmer, G. M.; Pajot, F.; Rioux, C.; Phillips, T. G.;

Kaluza-Klein cosmological model in f(R, T) gravity with Λ(T)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sahoo, P. K.; Mishra, B.; Tripathy, S. K.

2016-04-01

A class of Kaluza-Klein cosmological models in $f(R,T)$ theory of gravity have been investigated. In the work, we have considered the functional $f(R,T)$ to be in the form $f(R,T)=f(R)+f(T)$ with $f(R)=\\lambda R$ and $f(T)=\\lambda T$. Such a choice of the functional $f(R,T)$ leads to an evolving effective cosmological constant $\\Lambda$ which depends on the stress energy tensor. The source of the matter field is taken to be a perfect cosmic fluid. The exact solutions of the field equations are obtained by considering a constant deceleration parameter which leads two different aspects of the volumetric expansion namely a power law and an exponential volumetric expansion. Keeping an eye on the accelerating nature of the universe in the present epoch, the dynamics and physical behaviour of the models have been discussed. From statefinder diagnostic pair we found that the model with exponential volumetric expansion behaves more like a $\\Lambda$CDM model.

Generalized local emission tomography

DOEpatents

Katsevich, Alexander J.

1998-01-01

Emission tomography enables locations and values of internal isotope density distributions to be determined from radiation emitted from the whole object. In the method for locating the values of discontinuities, the intensities of radiation emitted from either the whole object or a region of the object containing the discontinuities are inputted to a local tomography function .function..sub..LAMBDA..sup.(.PHI.) to define the location S of the isotope density discontinuity. The asymptotic behavior of .function..sub..LAMBDA..sup.(.PHI.) is determined in a neighborhood of S, and the value for the discontinuity is estimated from the asymptotic behavior of .function..sub..LAMBDA..sup.(.PHI.) knowing pointwise values of the attenuation coefficient within the object. In the method for determining the location of the discontinuity, the intensities of radiation emitted from an object are inputted to a local tomography function .function..sub..LAMBDA..sup.(.PHI.) to define the location S of the density discontinuity and the location .GAMMA. of the attenuation coefficient discontinuity. Pointwise values of the attenuation coefficient within the object need not be known in this case.

Quartz Microbalance Study of 400-angstrom Thick Films near the lambda Point

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chan, Moses H. W.

2003-01-01

In a recent measurement we observed the thinning of an adsorbed helium film induced by the confinement of critical fluctuations a few millikelvin below the lambda point. A capacitor set-up was used to measure this Casimir effect. In this poster we will present our measurement of an adsorbed helium film of 400 angstroms near the lambda point with a quartz microbalance. For films this thick, we must take into account the non-linear dynamics of the shear waves in the fluid. In spite of the added complications, we were able to confirm the thinning of the film due to the Casimir effect and the onset of the superfluid transition. In addition, we observe a sharp anomaly at the bulk lambda point, most likely related to critical dissipation of the first sound. This work is carried out in collaboration with Rafael Garcia, Stephen Jordon and John Lazzaretti. This work is funded by NASA's Office of Biological and Physical Research under grant.

Comparative studies on the conformational change and aggregation behavior of irradiated carrageenans and agar by dynamic light scattering.

PubMed

Abad, Lucille; Okabe, Satoshi; Shibayama, Mitsuhiro; Kudo, Hisaaki; Saiki, Seiichi; Aranilla, Charito; Relleve, Lorna; de la Rosa, Alumanda

2008-01-01

The conformational associative properties of kappa-, iota-, and lambda-carrageenan and agar with irradiation dose were studied by dynamic light scattering. The random scission of the carrageenans and agar by gamma irradiation resulted in the formation of polydispersed lower molecular weight fragments. At high doses, the system moves towards uniformity. Conformational change from coil to helix was observed in all carrageenans and agar at doses up to 100 kGy. The conformational change in lambda-carrageenan may be due to the irregular and hybrid structure of this polysaccharide. Only agar and lambda-carrageenan still undergo conformational transition at a high dose of 200 kGy. Gelation is observed for kappa-, iota-carrageenan up to a dose of 50 kGy while gelation is still observed at 100 kGy for agar. Increase in the hydrodynamic radius with decreasing temperatures for the non-irradiated carrageenans follows this order: lambda-carrageenan>kappa-carrageenan>iota-carrageenan. Slight increases in hydrodynamic radius were observed with irradiation.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Simard, G.; et al.

We report constraints on cosmological parameters from the angular power spectrum of a cosmic microwave background (CMB) gravitational lensing potential map created using temperature data from 2500 degmore » $^2$ of South Pole Telescope (SPT) data supplemented with data from Planck in the same sky region, with the statistical power in the combined map primarily from the SPT data. We fit the corresponding lensing angular power spectrum to a model including cold dark matter and a cosmological constant ($$\\Lambda$$CDM), and to models with single-parameter extensions to $$\\Lambda$$CDM. We find constraints that are comparable to and consistent with constraints found using the full-sky Planck CMB lensing data. Specifically, we find $$\\sigma_8 \\Omega_{\\rm m}^{0.25}=0.598 \\pm 0.024$$ from the lensing data alone with relatively weak priors placed on the other $$\\Lambda$$CDM parameters. In combination with primary CMB data from Planck, we explore single-parameter extensions to the $$\\Lambda$$CDM model. We find $$\\Omega_k = -0.012^{+0.021}_{-0.023}$$ or $$M_{\

Evaluation of the lambda model for human postural control during ankle strategy.

PubMed

Micheau, Philippe; Kron, Aymeric; Bourassa, Paul

2003-09-01

An accurate modeling of human stance might be helpful in assessing postural deficit. The objective of this article is to validate a mathematical postural control model for quiet standing posture. The postural dynamics is modeled in the sagittal plane as an inverted pendulum with torque applied at the ankle joint. The torque control system is represented by the physiological lambda model. Two neurophysiological command variables of the central nervous system, designated lambda and micro, establish the dynamic threshold muscle at which motoneuron recruitment begins. Kinematic data and electromyographic signals were collected on four young males in order to measure small voluntary sway and quiet standing posture. Validation of the mathematical model was achieved through comparison of the experimental and simulated results. The mathematical model allows computation of the unmeasurable neurophysiological commands lambda and micro that control the equilibrium position and stability. Furthermore, with the model it is possible to conclude that low-amplitude body sway during quiet stance is commanded by the central nervous system.

JuxtaView - A tool for interactive visualization of large imagery on scalable tiled displays

USGS Publications Warehouse

Krishnaprasad, N.K.; Vishwanath, V.; Venkataraman, S.; Rao, A.G.; Renambot, L.; Leigh, J.; Johnson, A.E.; Davis, B.

2004-01-01

JuxtaView is a cluster-based application for viewing ultra-high-resolution images on scalable tiled displays. We present in JuxtaView, a new parallel computing and distributed memory approach for out-of-core montage visualization, using LambdaRAM, a software-based network-level cache system. The ultimate goal of JuxtaView is to enable a user to interactively roam through potentially terabytes of distributed, spatially referenced image data such as those from electron microscopes, satellites and aerial photographs. In working towards this goal, we describe our first prototype implemented over a local area network, where the image is distributed using LambdaRAM, on the memory of all nodes of a PC cluster driving a tiled display wall. Aggressive pre-fetching schemes employed by LambdaRAM help to reduce latency involved in remote memory access. We compare LambdaRAM with a more traditional memory-mapped file approach for out-of-core visualization. ?? 2004 IEEE.

Asymmetry Studies in the Production of $$\\Lambda^0/\\bar \\Lambda^0$$, $$\\Xi^-/\\bar{\\Xi}^+$$ and $$\\Omega^-/\\bar{\\Omega}^+$$ Hyperons in 500 GeV/c $$\\pi^-$$ - Nucleon Interactions (in Portuguese)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Solano Salinas, Carlos Javier

Using data from fprmilab fixed-target experiment E791, we have measmed for the first time particle/antiparticle production asymmetries formore » $$\\Lambda^0 \\Xi^-$$ and $$\\Omega^-$$ hyperons in $$\\pi^-$$nucleon interactions at 500 GeV /c as joint functions of $$x_F$$ and $$p^2_{\\tau}$$ over the ranges $$-0.12 \\le x_F \\le 0.12$$ and $$0 \\le p^2_{\\tau} \\le 4 (GeV/c)^2$$. There is now direct evidence of a basic asymmetry, even at $$x_F$$ = 0.0, which may be due to associated production. In addition, there are leading-particle-type effects which are qualitativrly like what one would expect from rrcmnbination models or their alternatives. WP used the Dnal Parton Model (DPM) to cakulate the asymmetry for the $$\\Lambda^0$$ and compared with the Lund model (PYTHIA /JETSET) predictions and with om experimental results.« less

Formation of (Ti,Al)N/Ti{sub 2}AlN multilayers after annealing of TiN/TiAl(N) multilayers deposited by ion beam sputtering

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dolique, V.; Jaouen, M.; Cabioc'h, T.

2008-04-15

By using ion beam sputtering, TiN/TiAl(N) multilayers of various modulation wavelengths ({lambda}=8, 13, and 32 nm) were deposited onto silicon substrates at room temperature. After annealing at 600 deg. C in vacuum, one obtains for {lambda}=13 nm a (Ti,Al)N/Ti{sub 2}AlN multilayer as it is evidenced from x-ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, and energy filtered electron imaging experiments. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiments show that the as-deposited TiAl sublayers contain a noticeable amount of nitrogen atoms which mean concentration varies with the period {lambda}. They also evidenced the diffusion of aluminum into TiN sublayers after annealing. Deduced from thesemore » observations, we propose a model to explain why this solid-state phase transformation depends on the period {lambda} of the multilayer.« less