Latvia: Human Development Report, 1996.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

United Nations Development Programme, Riga (Latvia).

This report, the second annual Human Development Report (HDR) for Latvia, investigates the accuracy of Latvia's 1995 ranking of 48th out of 174 countries in terms of human development in the most recent United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) global Human Development Report. The report also suggests measures that could significantly improve…

Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-08-12

took control of the territory in 1918 . Britain had tried to take Iraq from the Ottomans earlier in World War I but were defeated at Al Kut in 1916... Religions Freedom Report, September 2007; DOD Measuring Stability Report, June 2008. CRS-3 1 Bush, George H.W., and Brent Scowcroft. A World Transformed...Armenia, Slovakia, Denmark, El Salvador, Ukraine, Romania , Lithuania, Latvia, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan. Polish forces number 900, down from a high

Forest condition in Latvia

Treesearch

Madis Sipols

1998-01-01

Systematic assessment and observation (survey, inventory) of forests in Latvia has been underway since the 1700's. Latvia's forests are in the boreal/temperate forest zone and cover 44 percent of the country. Forest growing conditions are subdivided into five site class types: forests on dry mineral, wet mineral, wet peat, drained mineral, drained peat soils...

Parent and School Relations in Latvia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bluma, Dainuvite; Ivanova, Ilze

2013-01-01

Families in Latvia know what is best for their children, and they make a major contribution to their education. Consequently, it is important to build close partnerships between school and family. This article reviews extant research that provides insight into the nature of school-parent relations in Latvia as the nation stands at the crossroads…

Education in Latvia. Reviews of National Policies for Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

OECD Publishing, 2016

2016-01-01

How can Latvia improve the quality and equity of its education system and realise long-term efficiency gains? This report covers the whole education system from early childhood education and care to tertiary education and provides an assessment of Latvia's policies and practices against the best approaches in education and skills across the OECD.…

Characterization of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) foci in Germany and Latvia (1997-2000).

PubMed

Süss, Jochen; Schrader, Christina; Abel, Ulrich; Bormane, Antra; Duks, Arnis; Kalnina, Vaira

2002-06-01

Knowledge concerning the prevalence of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in wild living tick populations is very important for understanding the epidemiology of the disease and for immuno prophylactic strategy. In Germany high and low risk areas of TBE exist. In the years 1997-2000, 533 autochthonous clinical TBE cases were recorded, in the high-risk areas of Bavaria and Baden-Wuerttemberg 140 and 363, and in the low risk areas in Hesse (Odenwald) and Rhineland-Palatinate 22 and 8, respectively. Corresponding to these case reports we have measured the virus prevalence in free living ticks in these four risk areas and compared these findings with the situation in high-risk areas in Latvia. In the years 1997-2000, 2,797 clinical TBE cases were recorded in Latvia. For the studies in Germany, a total of 17,398 Ixodesricinus ticks (14,860 nymphs and 2,538 adults) were collected by flagging and examined for TBEV, in Latvia the corresponding numbers were 525 I. ricinus ticks (350 adults and 175 nymphs) and 281 I. persulcatus ticks (adults only). Information concerning annual and seasonal differences of the TBEV prevalence in natural TBE foci is not available in Germany. This paper is a continuation of the study (Süss et al., 1999), starting in 1997. We investigated every year, in May and September, the virus prevalence in ticks in high risk areas of Bavaria (8 foci) and Baden-Wuerttemberg (5 foci). A total of 15,400 ticks (13,100 nymphs and 2,300 adults) were examined for TBEV. The ticks were tested for the presence of TBEV-RNA using a sensitive, nested-RT-PCR. The virus prevalence in the Bavarian foci of the whole tick population ranged from 0.3 to 2.0% during these four years, in adults between 1.2 and 5.3% and in nymphs between 0.1 and 1.4%. In the high-risk areas of Baden-Wuerttemberg, in the Black Forest, the estimated virus prevalence rates of investigated ticks varied from 0.2 to 3.4%, in adults from 0 to 4.8%, and in nymphs from 0.2 to 3.4%. Using the same methods, we have also tested the low risk areas in the Odenwald (840 nymphs, 160 adults) and in Rhineland-Palatinate (920 nymphs, 78 adults). Ticks were collected in those areas where most TBE cases were registered. The virus prevalence in the Odenwald was 0% in adults and 0.5% in nymphs, whereas in ticks from Rhineland-Palatinate we have not found any positive PCR signal. Sequence data of the PCR products have shown that all strains in Germany were closely related to the central European virus prototype Neudoerfl. In I. ricinus ticks, collected in Riga county, the following virus prevalence rates were found: in females 2.4%, in males 3.7%, and in all adults 3.0%, in nymphs 2.4% and in the I. ricinus tick population examined 2.8%. The virus prevalence in I. persulcatus, collected in the eastern parts of Latvia was 6% in females, 4% in males and 5% in all adults. All the PCR products were sequenced and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. Studies in natural foci of TBE in Latvia have shown that I. ricinus carried the central European virus subtype (prototype Neudoerfl) whereas in I. persulcatus two strains have been found, the central European virus subtype (prototype Neudoerfl) and the Siberian virus subtype (prototype Vasilchenko). Sequences of the Far Eastern subtype have not been detected yet.

The Future of NATO Enlargement

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-01-01

Baltic states, Estoma , Latvia and Llthuama, as well as Albania and states of the former Yugoslatla are also generally consldered to be part of...Rornama, Slovema. Slovakia, Bulgaria. Macedoma Albania, Estoma , Latvia and Llthuama) decided to participate. The exceptions were the three states...reforms. Estoma 1s already a strong candidate for NATO member&up Latvia and Lrthuama are havmg greater drfficulties in implementing reforms, but then

Nanotechnologies in Latvia: Commercialisation Aspect

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Geipele, I.; Staube, T.; Ciemleja, G.; Ekmanis, J.; Zeltins, N.

2014-12-01

The authors consider the possibilities to apply the nanotechnology products of manufacturing industries in Latvia for further commercialisation. The purpose of the research is to find out the preliminary criteria for the system of engineering economic indicators for multifunctional nanocoating technologies. The article provides new findings and calculations for the local nanotechnology market research characterising the development of nanotechnology industry. The authors outline a scope of issues as to low activities rankings in Latvia on application of locally produced nanotechnologies towards efficiency of the resource use for nanocoating technologies. For the first time in Latvia, the authors make the case study research and summarise the latest performance indicators of the Latvian companies operating in the nanotechnology industry.

Characterization of tick-borne encephalitis virus from Latvia.

PubMed

Mavtchoutko, V; Vene, S; Haglund, M; Forsgren, M; Duks, A; Kalnina, V; Hörling, J; Lundkvist, A

2000-02-01

Viruses of the tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) antigenic complex, within the family Flaviviridae, cause a variety of diseases including uncomplicated febrile illness, encephalitis, meningo-encephalitis, hemorrhagic fever and chronic disease in humans, domesticated animals or wildlife species. TBE is a serious problem in Latvia with up to a 1,000 patients confirmed serologically annually 1994-1995. No previous data had been reported on the causative agent of TBE in Latvia. In the present study, a virus was isolated from serum of a patient with clinical symptoms of an acute TBE infection. Nucleotide sequence information obtained by direct reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the serological characteristics of the isolated virus strain, designated TBE-Latvia-1-96, indicated a closer relationship to the Vasilchenko strain, isolated in Novosibirsk (Siberia, Russia), as compared to the western European or far eastern subtypes of TBE viruses. In a mouse neurovirulence assay, a significant difference in survival rates (days) was shown between Latvia-1-96 and the western European TBE virus subtype. Copyright 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

On The Geodynamics In Latvia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balodis, Janis; Haritonova, Diana; Janpaule, Inese; Normand, Madara; Silabiedis, Gunars; Zarinjsh, Ansis; Rubans, Agusts; Kalinka, Maris; Jumare, Izolde; Lasmane, Ieva

2013-12-01

This paper discusses the research work done in Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, University of Latvia, and Department of Geomatics, Riga Technical Univesity, devoted to the geodynamics in Latvia: national geoid model computation, using different methods and data sets, in order to improve its precision; analysis of LatPos and EUPOS®-Riga GNSS permanent station observation data time series for time period of 5 years; development of digital zenith camera for vertical deflection determination.

The Development of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials Industry in Science and Entrepreneurship: Scientific Indicators. A Case Study of Latvia (Part Three)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Geipele, S.; Geipele, I.; Kauskale, L.; Zeltins, N.; Staube, T.; Pudzis, E.

2017-10-01

The present scientific paper is the third part and continuation of the indepth scientific study of the developed system of engineering economic indicators, where the authors obtain results from the scientific research presented in a series of works on the development of the nanotechnologies and advanced materials industry in science and entrepreneurship in Latvia. Part three determines the crucial scientific indicators of the development of nano-field at the macro, micro, and meso development levels of the economic environment in Latvia. The paper provides the interaction of new identified indicators of nanofield in terms of further scientific and practical activities. Latvia is analysed in comparison with other countries in the world.

Spatial interpolation of monthly mean air temperature data for Latvia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aniskevich, Svetlana

2016-04-01

Temperature data with high spatial resolution are essential for appropriate and qualitative local characteristics analysis. Nowadays the surface observation station network in Latvia consists of 22 stations recording daily air temperature, thus in order to analyze very specific and local features in the spatial distribution of temperature values in the whole Latvia, a high quality spatial interpolation method is required. Until now inverse distance weighted interpolation was used for the interpolation of air temperature data at the meteorological and climatological service of the Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre, and no additional topographical information was taken into account. This method made it almost impossible to reasonably assess the actual temperature gradient and distribution between the observation points. During this project a new interpolation method was applied and tested, considering auxiliary explanatory parameters. In order to spatially interpolate monthly mean temperature values, kriging with external drift was used over a grid of 1 km resolution, which contains parameters such as 5 km mean elevation, continentality, distance from the Gulf of Riga and the Baltic Sea, biggest lakes and rivers, population density. As the most appropriate of these parameters, based on a complex situation analysis, mean elevation and continentality was chosen. In order to validate interpolation results, several statistical indicators of the differences between predicted values and the values actually observed were used. Overall, the introduced model visually and statistically outperforms the previous interpolation method and provides a meteorologically reasonable result, taking into account factors that influence the spatial distribution of the monthly mean temperature.

PREFACE: Annual Conference on Functional Materials and Nanotechnologies - FM&NT 2011

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sternberg, Andris; Muzikante, Inta; Zicans, Janis

2011-06-01

The International Conference Functional Materials and Nanotechnologies (FM&NT-2011) was held in Riga, 5-8 April 2011 in the Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia (ISSP LU). The conference was organized in co-operation with projects ERANET 'MATERA' and National Research programme in Materials Science and Information Technologies. The purpose of the conference was to bring together scientists, engineers and students from universities, research institutes and related industrial companies active in the field of advanced material science and materials technologies trends and future activities. Scientific themes covered in the conference are: theoretical research and modelling of processes and materials; materials for energetics, renewable energy technologies and phtovoltaics; multifunctional inorganic, organic and hybrid materials for photonic, micro and nanoelectronic applications and innovative methods for research of nanostructures; advanced technologies for synthesis and research of nanostructured materials, nanoparticles, thin films and coatings; application of innovative materials in science and economics. The number of registered participants from 17 countries was nearly 300. During three days of the conference 22 invited, 69 oral reports and 163 posters were presented. 40 papers, based on these reports, are included in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. Additional information about FM&NT-2011 is available in its homepage http://www.fmnt.lu.lv. The Organizing Committee would like to thank all speakers, contributors, session chairs, referees and meeting staff for their efforts in making the FM&NT-2011 successful. The Organizing Committee sincerely hopes that that the conference gave all participants new insights into the widespread development of functional materials and nanotechnologies and would enhance the circulation of information released at the meeting. Andris Sternberg Inta Muzikante Janis Zicans Conference photograph ERAF logo International Organizing Committee Andris Sternberg (chairperson), Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Latvia, MATERA Juras Banys, Vilnius University, Lithuania Gunnar Borstel, University of Osnabrück, Germany Niels E Christensen, University of Aarhus, Denmark Robert A Evarestov, St. Petersburg State University, Russia Claes-Goran Granqvist, Uppsala University, Sweden Dag Høvik, The Research Council of Norway, Norway, MATERA Marco Kirm, Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Estonia Vladislav Lemanov, Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, Russia Witold Lojkowski, Institute of High Pressure Physics, Poland Ergo Nommiste, University of Tartu, Estonia Helmut Schober, Institut Laue-Langevin, France Sisko Sipilä, Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation, Finland, MATERA Ingólfur Torbjörnsson, Icelandic Centre for Research, Iceland, MATERA Marcel H Van de Voorde, University of Technology Delft, The Netherlands International Program Committee Inta Muzikante (chairperson), Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Latvia, MATERA Liga Berzina-Cimdina, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Riga Technical University, Latvia Janis Grabis, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Latvia Leonid V Maksimov, Vavilov State Optical Institute, Russia Linards Skuja, Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Latvia Maris Springis, Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Latvia Ilmars Zalite, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Latvia Janis Zicans, Institute of Polymers, Riga Technical University Local Committee: Liga Grinberga, Anatolijs Sarakovskis, Jurgis Grube, Raitis Siatkovskis, Maris Kundzins, Anna Muratova, Maris Springis, Aivars Vembris, Krisjanis Smits, Andris Fedotovs, Dmitrijs Bocarovs, Anastasija Jozepa, Andris Krumins.

Mercury Pollution Exploration in Latvia with High-Sensitivity Zeeman Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bogans, Egils; Gavare, Zanda; Svagere, Anda; Poikane, Rita; Skudra, Jānis

2011-01-01

This research presents Hg pollution measurements performed in Latvia with sensitive method using Zeeman AAS analyzer RA-915+ and necessary attachments. Air in Riga city and water samples from a number of rivers and lakes of Latvia were analyzed for presence of low-level Hg concentrations. Ombrotrophic bog peat was analyzed to get insight into long-term trends. Environment in the sites sampled is relatively clean according to the results obtained, but there are local spots of pollution.

Consistency Analysis and Data Consultation of Gas System of Gas-Electricity Network of Latvia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zemite, L.; Kutjuns, A.; Bode, I.; Kunickis, M.; Zeltins, N.

2018-02-01

In the present research, the main critical points of gas transmission and storage system of Latvia have been determined to ensure secure and reliable gas supply among the Baltic States to fulfil the core objectives of the EU energy policies. Technical data of critical points of the gas transmission and storage system of Latvia have been collected and analysed with the SWOT method and solutions have been provided to increase the reliability of the regional natural gas system.

Clinical aspects of the health disturbances in Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident clean-up workers (liquidators) from Latvia.

PubMed

Eglite, M E; Zvagule, T J; Rainsford, K D; Reste, J D; Curbakova, E V; Kurjane, N N

2009-06-01

The health status of some 6,000 workers from Latvia who went to clean-up the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (CNPP) site following the explosion on 26 April 1986 has been analyzed. The data on these workers have been recorded in the Latvian State Register of Occupational disease patients and people exposed to ionizing radiation due to Chernobyl NPP accident (Latvian State Register) that was established in 1994. From these data, estimates have been made of external ionizing radiation to which these workers were exposed together with observations on the impact of exposure to heavy metals (especially lead and zinc) and radioactive isotopes released during the reactor 'meltdown'. These factors along with psycho-emotional and social-economic stresses account for a marked excess of mortality and morbidity in the group of CNPP accident clean-up workers compared with that of the non-exposed normal Latvian population adjusted for age and sex. The number of diseases or conditions in the CNPP accident clean-up workers has progressively risen from an average of 1.3 in 1986 to 10.9 in 2007. This exceeds for the Latvian population when adjusted for age and sex. The most serious conditions affect the nervous, digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrine (especially thyroid) and immunological systems. While the morbidity associated with diseases of the respiratory and digestive systems has decreased in recent years that in the other systems is increasing. In recent years, there has been an increased occurrence of cancers affecting the thyroid, prostate and stomach. Clinical and laboratory investigations suggest that surviving CNPP accident clean-up workers exhibit signs of immuno-inflammatory reactions causing premature aging with evidence of autoimmune diseases and immunological deficiencies or abnormalities. It is suggested that the CNPP accident clean-up workers may have a specific syndrome, the 'Chernobyl post-radiation neurosomatic polypathy', due to sustained oxidant stress injury, as a result of exposure to radiation and lead.

Remote Sensing Observations of Thunderstorm Features in Latvia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Avotniece, Zanita; Briede, Agrita; Klavins, Maris; Aniskevich, Svetlana

2017-12-01

Thunderstorms are the most hazardous meteorological phenomena in Latvia in the summer season, and the assessment of their characteristics is essential for the development of an effective national climate and weather prediction service. However, the complex nature of convective processes sets specific limitations to their observation, analysis and forecasting. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyse thunderstorm features associated with severe thunderstorms observed in weather radar and satellite data in Latvia over the period 2006-2015. The obtained results confirm the applicability of the selected thunderstorm features for thunderstorm nowcasting and analysis in Latvia. The most frequent features observed on days with thunderstorm were maximum radar reflectivities exceeding 50 dBZ and the occurrence of overshooting tops and tilted updrafts, while the occurrence of gravity waves, V-shaped storm structures and small ice particles have been found to be useful indicators of increased thunderstorm severity potential.

Psychiatry in Latvia: a journey through the past three centuries.

PubMed

Rancāns, Elmārs; Tērauds, Elmārs; Taube, Māaris

2012-12-01

While there is close contact established between Latvia and the Nordic psychiatric community now, there are many pages of our history we have not had opportunity to share. The aim of this article is to highlight the most important facts of more than 200 years of history of psychiatry in Latvia. The development of the psychiatric services in Latvia started with the building of an asylum-type establishment at the end of the 1700s. To address the increasing needs, psychiatric hospitals of various size and quality were gradually opened all over the country. Psychiatry as a field of science emerged in Latvia after the Declaration of Independence in 1918. Active and progressive development of services and the academic environment took place between the World Wars. During the Soviet regime, psychiatric services were rebuilt within the frameworks and guidelines of the existing system. Following the restoration of Independence in 1991, a number of rapid and positive changes took place. There was a gradual decrease in the number of hospital beds, outpatient services were developed and modern treatment methods were established. Policy documents in the field of mental health were developed and legislation improved. Active collaboration with other, particularly Scandinavian, countries was developed. Academic education continued and specialist training was provided following European standards. The role of the psychiatric professional organization was strengthened. Many positive changes in the mental healthcare in Latvia have taken place, but there are still some aspects to be addressed. The strengthening of our regional collaboration could be crucial for our future development.

Infant mortality gap in the Baltic region - Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania - in relation to macroeconomic factors in 1996-2010.

PubMed

Ebela, Inguna; Zile, Irisa; Ebela, Danute Razuka; Rozenfelde, Ingrida Rumba

2013-01-01

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE. A constant gap has appeared in infant mortality among the 3 Baltic States - Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania - since the restoration of independence in 1991. The aim of the study was to compare infant mortality rates in all the 3 Baltic countries and examine some of the macro- and socioeconomic factors associated with infant mortality. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The data were obtained from international databases, such as World Health Organization and EUROSTAT, and the national statistical databases of the Baltic States. The time series data sets (1996-2010) were used in the regression and correlation analysis. RESULTS. In all the 3 Baltic States, a strong and significant correlation was found: Latvia (r=-0.81, P<0.01), Lithuania (r=-0.93, P<0.01), and Estonia (r=-0.91, P<0.01). There was also a correlation between infant mortality and healthcare expenditure in local currency per capita: Latvia (r=-0.81, P<0.01); Lithuania (r=-0.90, P<0.01) and Estonia (r=-0.88, P<0.01). In Latvia (r=0.87, P<0.01) and Estonia (r=0.70; P<0.01), a significant correlation between infant mortality and unemployment levels was observed from 1996 to 2008, whereas the statistical significance disappeared in the period from 1996 to 2010. In Lithuania, the relationship was not significant. CONCLUSIONS. Higher infant mortality rates and a less stable decreasing tendency in Latvia are apparently explained by less successful adaptation to a new political and economic situation and limited skills in adjusting the healthcare system to the reality of life.

PREFACE: International Conference on Functional Materials and Nanotechnologies (FM&NT2012)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sternberg, Andris; Muzikante, Inta; Sarakovskis, Anatolijs; Grinberga, Liga

2012-08-01

The International Conference Functional Materials and Nanotechnologies (FM&NT - 2012) was held in Riga, 17-20 April 2012 at the Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia (ISSP UL). The conference was organised by ISSP UL in co-operation with National Research programme in Materials Science and Information Technologies of Latvia. The purpose of this series of conferences is to bring together scientists, researchers, engineers and students from universities, research institutes and related industrial companies working in the field of advanced material science, energy and materials technologies. The contributions of the participants were grouped according to three main topics of the conference: 1. Multifunctional Materials including advanced inorganic, organic and hybrid materials; ferroics; multiscale and multiphenomenal material modeling and simulation 2. Nanotechnologies including progressive methods, technologies and design for investigation of nanoparticles, nanostructures, nanocomposites, thin films and coatings; 3. Energy including perspective materials and technologies for renewable and hydrogen energy, fuel cells, photovoltaics and developing diverse energy systems. A special section devoted to Organic Materials was organized to commemorate a long-time organizer of the FM&NT conference series, Dr. habil. phys, academician Inta Muzikante who passed away on 15 February 2012. The number of registered participants from 21 countries was nearly 300. During the three days of the conference 2 plenary, 16 invited, 54 oral reports and 184 posters were presented. 64 papers, based on these reports, are included in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. Additional information about FM&NT-2012 is available at its homepage http://www.fmnt.lu.lv. The Organizing Committee would like to thank all the speakers, contributors, session chairs, referees and other involved staff for their efforts in making the FM&NT-2012 successful. The Organizing Committee sincerely hopes that the Conference gave all the participants new insights into the widespread development of functional materials and nanotechnologies and would enhance the circulation of the information released at the meeting. Inta Muzikante Andris Sternberg Liga Grinberga Anatolijs Sarakovskis Conference photograph The manuscripts are published thanks to the financial support from ERAF project 'Atbalsts starptautiskas sadarbibas projektiem zinatne un tehnologijas LU Cietvielu fizikas instituta' Nr.2010/0204/2DP/2.1.1.2.0./10/APIA/VIAA/010 Sponsors Sponsors flag Sponsors logo International Organizing Committee 1. Andris Sternberg (chairperson), Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Latvia 2. Juras Banys, Vilnius University, Lithuania 3. Gunnar Borstel, University of Osnabrück, Germany 4. Niels E Christensen, University of Aarhus, Denmark 5. Robert A Evarestov, St. Petersburg State University, Russia 6. Claes-Goran Granqvist, Uppsala University, Sweden 7. Dag Høvik, The Research Council of Norway, Norway 8. Marco Kirm, Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Estonia 9. Jiri Kulda, Institut Laue-Langevin, France 10. Witold Lojkowski, Institute of High Pressure Physics, Poland 11. Ergo Nommiste, University of Tartu, Estonia 12. Ingólfur Torbjörnsson, Icelandic Centre for Research, Iceland 13. Marcel H. Van de Voorde, University of Technology Delft, The Netherlands International Program Committee 1. Liga Grinberga (chairperson), Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Latvia 2. Eugene Kotomin, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Germany 3. Martins Rutkis, Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Latvia 4. Inta Muzikante, Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Latvia 5. Liga Berzina-Cimdina, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Riga Technical University, Latvia 6. Janis Grabis, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Latvia 7. Linards Skuja, Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Latvia 8. Maris Springis, Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Latvia 9. Ilmars Zalite, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Latvia 10. Janis Zicans, Institute of Polymers, Riga Technical University, Latvia Local Committee Liga Grinberga, Anatolijs Sarakovskis, Jurgis Grube, Maris Kundzins, Anastasija Jozepa, Anna Muratova, Raitis Siatkovskis, Andris Fedotovs, Dmitrijs Bocarovs, Sniedze Abele, Mikus Voss, Andris Sivars, Peteris Lesnicenoks, Virginija Liepina. In Memoriam Dr. habil. phys. Inta Muzikante (08.01.1951-15.02.2012) Inta Muzikante Inta was born in Valmiera, a town in the northern part of Latvia. She attended school in Sigulda and high school in Riga. While at the high-school, Inta decided to study natural sciences. After graduating from high-school in 1969 she entered the physics section of the Physics and Mathematics department of University of Latvia and obtained her university degree in 1974. In parallel with University studies, Inta started to work at the Semiconductor Physics Research Lab at the University of Latvia. After graduating she was offered a position at the Physical Energetics institute of the Latvian Academy of Sciences, in the laboratory of Professor Edgars Silinsh, one of the most internationally well known Latvian physicists. Inta started researching electronic and photoelectric processes in organic crystals and thin films. This was a novel field, pioneered both internationally and in Latvia by Profesors E Silinsh, O Neilands and J Freimanis. It could be said that Inta stood at the cradle of this research field and stayed faithful to it all of her life. Her work was very successful and within a few years she advanced from research assistant to researcher and then leading research scientist. Her first scientific topic was studies of the mechanism of charge carrier photogeneration and separation in organic molecular crystals. In 1983 for a work entitled 'Charge carrier photogeneration and trapping processes in organic molecular crystals' Inta obtained her PhD degree (USSR Candidate of Sciences degree). The major part of Inta Muzikante's research activities was devoted to the investigation of electronic states in organic thin films and multilayers. Studies of electrophysical properties and energy structure of the wide class of organic compounds, such as isolators, semiconductors and conductors have been done. During these studies the complex application of conventional space charge limited current method (SCLC), differential method of SCLC, thermally modulated SCLC and thermally stimulated current was provided for local trapping state investigation. These investigations are of great importance for application in studies of organic light-emitting diodes and organic solar cells. In I Muzikante's work for the first time the existence and asymmetry of trapping states of quadrupolar origin in pentacene thin films was experimentally confirmed. In the last decade Inta Muzikante has broadened her scientific scope. The organic materials with photochromic effect became important part of her research because of their possibility of being employed in optical storage of data and molecular switching devices. Reversible trans/cis photoisomerization of azobenzene and indandione derivatives in self-assembled monolayers, LB multilayers and polymer films were studied. A turning point in Inta's life was the re-establishment of independent Republic of Latvia in 1991: the previously tightly closed international borders opened, and she was free to visit and work in the most important international scientific centers. During this period she stayed and worked at Potsdam University and the Center of Macromolecular Chemistry in Germany, South Bank University, London and Manchester University in UK, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chemie Industrielles, P&M Curie University, and Angers University in France and at the Vilnius University in Lithuania. After the passing away of Professor E Silinsh in 1998, Inta took over the duties of the Head of Laboratory. In spite of the Latvian science going through hard times due to inadequate funding, she managed to preserve the lab's core staff and to further develop its scientific potential, while also continuing active research work herself. In 1998 she obtained the Dr.Habil degree for the work 'Electronic processes and states in organic molecular crystals and Langmuir-Blodgett multistructures'. Inta's research was recognized by awarding her in 1999 the recently established and prestigeous Edgar's Silinsh prize in physics by the Latvian Academy of Sciences. During this and the subsequent period, another of her many talents started to shine through: her particular skill of finding capable young people from the best high-schools in Latvia and motivating them to work in research. Several of these students have now become researchers in her lab. With Inta's demise, four PhD students lost their supervisor. Inta's research and organizational work gained even more momentum after her lab transferred to the Institute of Solid State Physics in 2003. At her new home Inta rapidly acquired the respect and sympathies of her new colleagues. Her duties as the Head of Laboratory and of Leading research scientist were soon supplemented by the tasks of the Institute deputy director for research. In 2006 Inta was elected as the Corresponding Member of the Latvian Academy of Sciences, and subsequently elected to full Academy membership in 2008. She has authored more than 240 research papers. Inta started to give lecture courses to the physics students of the University of Latvia and took up even more duties. She served as a guest editor on international journals, as an expert in European Commission, and as a representative for Latvia on a number of European scientific programs and projects. With the passing away of Inta Muzikante, the Latvian and international science community has lost an excellent scientist and a talented science organizer. However, more important and above all of her excellent professional achievements: all of us who knew her will remember her as a helpful and cordial friend.

Structural changes in lymphocytes membrane of Chernobyl clean-up workers from Latvia.

PubMed

Kalnina, Inta; Zvagule, Tija; Gabruseva, Natalija; Kirilova, Jelena; Kurjane, Natalja; Bruvere, Ruta; Kesters, Andris; Kizane, Gunta; Kirilovs, Georgijs; Meirovics, Imants

2007-11-01

ABM (3-aminobenzanthrrone derivative) developed at the Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia) has been previously shown as a potential probe for determination of the immune state of patients with different pathologies . The fist study (using probe ABM) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) membranes of 97 Chernobyl clean-up workers from Latvia was conducted in 1997. Now we repeatedly examine the same (n = 54) individuals in dynamics. ABM spectral parameters in PBMC suspension, fluorescence anisotropy and blood plasma albumin characteristics were recorded. In 1997 screening showed 5 different patterns of fluorescence spectra, from which in 2007 we obtained only two. These patterns of spectra had never been previously seen in healthy individuals or patients with tuberculosis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, etc., examined by us. Patterns of ABM fluorescence spectra are associated with membrane anisotropy and conformational changes of blood plasma albumin. We observed that in dynamics 1997-2007 the lipid compartment of the membrane became more fluid while the lipid-protein interface became more rigid. The use of probe ANS and albumin auto-fluorescence allowed show conformational alterations in Chernobyl clean-up workers blood plasma. It is necessary to note that all investigated parameters significantly differ in observed groups of patients. These findings reinforce our understanding that that the cell membrane is a significant biological target of radiation. The role of the membrane in the expression and course of cell damage after radiation exposure must be considered. So ten years dynamic of PBMC membrane characteristics by ABM (spectral shift and anisotropy indexes) in Chernobyl clean-up workers reveal progressive trend toward certain resemblance with those of chronic B-cell lymphoid leukemia.

Description of Latvian Metal Production and Processing Enterprises' Air Emissions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pubule, Jelena; Zahare, Dace; Blumberga, Dagnija

2010-01-01

The metal production and processing sector in Latvia has acquired a stable position in the national economy. Smelting of ferrous and nonferrous metals, production of metalware, galvanisation, etc. are developed in Latvia. The metal production and processing sector has an impact on air quality due to polluting substances which are released in the air from metal treatment processes. Therefore it is necessary to determine the total volume of emissions produced by the metal production and processing sector in Latvia. This article deals with the air polluting emissions of the Latvian metal production and processing industry, and sets the optimum sector emission volumes using the emissions benchmark methodology.

Education Policy Outlook: Latvia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jankova, Bojana; Figueroa, Diana Toledo; Golden, Gillian; Giovinazzo, Manon

2017-01-01

This policy profile on education in Latvia is part of the Education Policy Outlook series, which presents comparative analysis of education policies and reforms across OECD countries. Building on the OECD's substantial comparative and sectoral policy knowledge base, the series offers a comparative outlook on education policy by providing analysis…

Social Emotional Learning: Implementation of Sustainability-Oriented Program in Latvia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martinsone, Baiba

2016-01-01

This article is focused on the description of the content and the implementation process of an originally developed, culturally appropriate and sustainable social and emotional learning program in Latvia. The article also includes the teachers' self-reflected experience illustrated through the perspective of the program's sample activities. The…

Internet Banking Adoption: Case of Lithuania and Latvia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gaile-Sarkane, Elina; Jureviciene, Diva; Skvarciany, Viktorija; Iljins, Juris

2017-01-01

The banking sector has developed and extended usage of different services at a distance using the internet in the last decade. Internet-based banking services dominate over other historically provided alternatives. This paper explores the adoption of internet banking in Lithuania and Latvia. Internet banking success model was developed based on…

The Review of Internet Marketing Use in Latvia's Companies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sloka, Biruta; Kantane, Inara; Walczak, Renata

2017-01-01

Development of new technologies and increasing competition require new solutions in business applications in internet marketing and advertising. The paper deals with issues related to advertising activities in internet marketing. There were presented both theoretical findings and empirical analysis of the survey conducted among Latvia's companies.…

Changes in the provision of institutionalized mental health care in post-communist countries.

PubMed

Mundt, Adrian P; Frančišković, Tanja; Gurovich, Isaac; Heinz, Andreas; Ignatyev, Yuriy; Ismayilov, Fouad; Kalapos, Miklós Péter; Krasnov, Valery; Mihai, Adriana; Mir, Jan; Padruchny, Dzianis; Potočan, Matej; Raboch, Jiří; Taube, Māris; Welbel, Marta; Priebe, Stefan

2012-01-01

General psychiatric and forensic psychiatric beds, supported housing and the prison population have been suggested as indicators of institutionalized mental health care. According to the Penrose hypothesis, decreasing psychiatric bed numbers may lead to increasing prison populations. The study aimed to assess indicators of institutionalized mental health care in post-communist countries during the two decades following the political change, and to explore whether the data are consistent with the Penrose hypothesis in that historical context. General psychiatric and forensic psychiatric bed numbers, supported housing capacities and the prison population rates were collected in Azerbaijan, Belarus, Croatia, Czech Republic, East Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Russia and Slovenia. Percentage change of indicators over the decades 1989-1999, 1999-2009 and the whole period of 1989-2009 and correlations between changes of different indicators were calculated. Between 1989 and 2009, the number of general psychiatric beds was reduced in all countries. The decrease ranged from -11% in Croatia to -51% in East Germany. In 2009, the bed numbers per 100,000 population ranged from 44.7 in Azerbaijan to 134.4 in Latvia. Forensic psychiatric bed numbers and supported housing capacities increased in most countries. From 1989-2009, trends in the prison population ranged from a decrease of -58% in East Germany to an increase of 43% in Belarus and Poland. Trends in different indicators of institutionalised care did not show statistically significant associations. After the political changes in 1989, post-communist countries experienced a substantial reduction in general psychiatric hospital beds, which in some countries may have partly been compensated by an increase in supported housing capacities and more forensic psychiatric beds. Changes in the prison population are inconsistent. The findings do not support the Penrose hypothesis in that historical context as a general rule for most of the countries.

GNSS station displacement analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Haritonova, Diana; Balodis, Janis; Janpaule, Inese; Normand, Madara

2013-04-01

Time series of GNSS station results of both the EUPOS®-Riga and LatPos networks have been developed at the Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation (University of Latvia). The reference stations from EUREF Permanent Network (EPN) in surroundings of Latvia have been used and Bernese GPS Software, Version 5.0, in both static and kinematic modes was applied. The standard data sets were taken from IGS data base. The results of time series have been analysed and distinctive behaviour of daily and subdaily movements of EUPOS®-Riga and LatPos stations was identified. The reasons of dependence of GNSS station coordinate distribution on possible external factors such as seismic activity of some areas of Latvia and periodic processes were given.

The Development of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials Industry in Science and Entrepreneurship: Socioeconomic and Technical Indicators. A Case Study of Latvia (Part One)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Geipele, I.; Geipele, S.; Staube, T.; Ciemleja, G.; Zeltins, N.

2016-08-01

The present scientific paper is the first part of two publications, where the authors obtain results from the scientific research presented in a series of works on the development of the nanotechnologies and advanced materials industry in science and entrepreneurship in Latvia. The study has a focus on finding proper socioeconomic and technical indicators. It provides resume on a scope of the study. The paper contains the developed structure of engineering economic indicator system, determined groups of indicators for assessment of the development of nanotechnologies and advanced materials industry in Latvia and results of the evaluation of the obtained statistics on the economic indicators.

Internationalization of Higher Education Institutions in Latvia and Turkey: Its Management and Development during the Last Decade

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burçer, Sibel; Kangro, Ilze

2016-01-01

This paper aims at examining internationalization in higher education in two countries: Latvia and Turkey. The analysis is based on three dimensions of internationalization: institutional, organizational, and educational. Recently, under the influence of global processes, the internationalization takes form through the perspectives of three…

Surveying Language Attitudes and Practices in Latvia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Priedite, Aija

2005-01-01

As a heritage from the Soviet period (1945-1991) about 500,000-700,000 (mostly Russophone) persons (military persons, workers and others) lived in Latvia with little or no command of Latvian. During the same period, the Russian language had replaced Latvian in the public administration. Following the restitution of independence in 1991, one of the…

Intercultural and Media Literacy: Global Tendencies in Metacontent of Teacher Education in Latvia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Belousa, Inga; Stakle, Alnis

2010-01-01

Under the influence of processes of globalisation, higher education in the countries of Europe, including Latvia, has been reshaped, restructured, re-evaluated and reoriented towards the establishment of a European higher education area. New issues have emerged at both the content and metacontent level, the most significant of which are…

Holistic Approach as Viewed by the Basic School Teachers in Latvia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Badjanova, Jelena; Iliško, Dzintra

2015-01-01

The article points to new competencies required from basic school teachers, reinforced by the reform processes in the educational system in Latvia, the quality assurance of educational process, and modernisation and critical re-evaluation of educational materials and standards. The authors view sustainability as an integral part of reform…

Latvia Country Analysis Brief

EIA Publications

2014-01-01

Latvia, which regained its independence from Soviet Union in 1991 and joined the European Union (EU) in 2004, is not a notable energy producer or consumer. The country produced 30 trillion British thermal units (Btus) and consumed 163 trillion Btus of total energy in 2011, which places it in the bottom five among the EU countries on both measures.

Agent-based and phylogenetic analyses reveal how HIV-1 moves between risk groups: injecting drug users sustain the heterosexual epidemic in Latvia

PubMed Central

Graw, Frederik; Leitner, Thomas; Ribeiro, Ruy M.

2012-01-01

Injecting drug users (IDU) are a driving force for the spread of HIV-1 in Latvia and other Baltic States, accounting for a majority of cases. However, in recent years, heterosexual cases have increased disproportionately. It is unclear how the changes in incidence patterns in Latvia can be explained, and how important IDU are for the heterosexual sub-epidemic. We introduce a novel epidemic model and use phylogenetic analyses in parallel to examine the spread of HIV-1 in Latvia between 1987 and 2010. Using a hybrid framework with a mean-field description for the susceptible population and an agent-based model for the infecteds, we track infected individuals and follow transmission histories dynamically formed during the simulation. The agent-based simulations and the phylogenetic analysis show that more than half of the heterosexual transmissions in Latvia were caused by IDU, which sustain the heterosexual epidemic. Indeed, we find that heterosexual clusters are characterized by short transmission chains with up to 63% of the chains dying out after the first introduction. In the simulations, the distribution of transmission chain sizes follows a power law distribution, which is confirmed by the phylogenetic data. Our models indicate that frequent introductions reduced the extinction probability of an autonomously spreading heterosexual HIV-1 epidemic, which now has the potential to dominate the spread of the overall epidemic in the future. Furthermore, our model shows that social heterogeneity of the susceptible population can explain the shift in HIV-1 incidence in Latvia over the course of the epidemic. Thus, the decrease in IDU incidence may be due to local heterogeneities in transmission, rather than the implementation of control measures. Increases in susceptibles, through social or geographic movement of IDU, could lead to a boost in HIV-1 infections in this risk group. Targeting individuals that bridge social groups would help prevent further spread of the epidemic. PMID:22664069

Agent-based and phylogenetic analyses reveal how HIV-1 moves between risk groups: injecting drug users sustain the heterosexual epidemic in Latvia.

PubMed

Graw, Frederik; Leitner, Thomas; Ribeiro, Ruy M

2012-06-01

Injecting drug users (IDUs) are a driving force for the spread of HIV-1 in Latvia and other Baltic States, accounting for a majority of cases. However, in recent years, heterosexual cases have increased disproportionately. It is unclear how the changes in incidence patterns in Latvia can be explained, and how important IDUs are for the heterosexual sub-epidemic. We introduce a novel epidemic model and use phylogenetic analyses in parallel to examine the spread of HIV-1 in Latvia between 1987 and 2010. Using a hybrid framework with a mean-field description for the susceptible population and an agent-based model for the infecteds, we track infected individuals and follow transmission histories dynamically formed during the simulation. The agent-based simulations and the phylogenetic analysis show that more than half of the heterosexual transmissions in Latvia were caused by IDU, which sustain the heterosexual epidemic. Indeed, we find that heterosexual clusters are characterized by short transmission chains with up to 63% of the chains dying out after the first introduction. In the simulations, the distribution of transmission chain sizes follows a power law distribution, which is confirmed by the phylogenetic data. Our models indicate that frequent introductions reduced the extinction probability of an autonomously spreading heterosexual HIV-1 epidemic, which now has the potential to dominate the spread of the overall epidemic in the future. Furthermore, our model shows that social heterogeneity of the susceptible population can explain the shift in HIV-1 incidence in Latvia over the course of the epidemic. Thus, the decrease in IDU incidence may be due to local heterogeneities in transmission, rather than the implementation of control measures. Increases in susceptibles, through social or geographic movement of IDU, could lead to a boost in HIV-1 infections in this risk group. Targeting individuals that bridge social groups would help prevent further spread of the epidemic. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Parenting Dimensions in Relation to Pre-Schoolers' Behaviour Problems in Latvia and Lithuania

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sebre, Sandra B.; Jusiene, Roma; Dapkevice, Egle; Skreitule-Pikse, Inga; Bieliauskaite, Rasa

2015-01-01

The aim of the present study was to examine associations between parenting and child behaviour problems in two neighbouring countries with subtle, yet apparent cultural differences. Participants were mothers and fathers of preschool-age children from Latvia and Lithuania. Parents completed a measure of child-rearing attitudes and reported on their…

Arts and Cultural Education at School in Europe. Latvia 2007/08

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kravcenko, Viktors; Kadike, Ilze

2008-01-01

This paper focuses on Latvia's arts and cultural education. Cultural and creative dimensions of education in broader sense are responsibility both of the Ministry of Education and Science and the Ministry of Culture. Decisions about the creation of the curriculum related to culture and creativity within education are made at central level. Latvia…

Civic Education for Democracy in Latvia: The Program of the Democracy Advancement Center. ERIC Digest.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Catlaks, Guntars; Sarma, Valts

In May 1990, the Republic of Latvia declared the restoration of its independence from the Soviet Union. After that declaration, many Latvians began to reform their schools' curricula and teaching methods. They replaced Soviet-era citizenship courses with new teaching materials and methods appropriate for educating the young citizens of a…

Latvian Language Competencies for Peace Corps Volunteers in the Republic of Latvia.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Viksnins, Helen M.

This guide is designed for Latvian language training of Peace Corps workers in Latvia, is intended for use in a competency-based language training program, and reflects daily communication needs in that context. It consists of an introductory section on the history, alphabet, and phonology of the Latvian language and a series of 13 topical…

Multilayered Perspectives on Language Policy in Higher Education: Finland, Estonia, and Latvia in Comparison

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Soler-Carbonell, Josep; Saarinen, Taina; Kibbermann, Kerttu

2017-01-01

This article analyses language policies in higher education (HE) in Finland, Estonia, and Latvia, as well as the European Union (EU). We take a multilayered approach to language policies in order to illuminate the intertwined nature of local, national, and international language policies in HE. We are particularly interested in the construction of…

Power-plant modernization program in Latvia. Desk Study Report No. 1. Export trade information

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1992-08-01

The Government of Latvia has requested the U.S. Trade and Development Program's (TDP's) assistance in financing the cost of a feasibility study to develop a modernization program for its thermal power stations aimed at improving their performance and efficiency. The consultant will work with engineers and managers of Latvenergo, Latvia's power utility, to review the performance of the country's two thermal power stations and carry out a detailed study for the rehabilitation and modernization of the TEC-2 thermal power station in Riga. The overall goal of the program will be to maximize the output capacity of the country's two powermore » stations through the implementation of economically efficient rehabilitation projects.« less

Study on Latvian Mathematics Teachers' Espoused Beliefs about Teaching and Learning and Reported Practices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sapkova, Alesja

2013-01-01

The aim of the research was to compare espoused beliefs about teaching and learning and reported practices for the teachers of mathematics in Latvia. The sample consisted of 390 teachers of mathematics from different regions of Latvia. The present research is a part of an international comparative research within the NorBa project (Nordic-Baltic…

The Acculturation of Russian-Speaking Adolescents in Latvia: Language Issues Three Years after the 2004 Education Reform

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cara, Olga

2010-01-01

This article presents research findings on acculturation strategies (attitudes and behaviors) in the language domain of Russian-speaking adolescents in Latvia in the context of the education reform. Data comes from a longitudinal study of adolescents from schools with Russian as the language of instruction in Riga; the same schools were invited to…

The Economic Consciousness and Value Orientations of Graduates of the Higher Educational Institutions of Latgalia [Latvia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Voronov, Viktor Vasil'evich

2010-01-01

This article is devoted to an analysis of the economic consciousness and current orientations of the graduates of higher educational institutions of the Latgalia region of Latvia, which shares borders with Pskov oblast in Russia and with Belarus and Lithuania. Latgalia, part of the Pskov and Vitebsk gubernias of the Russian state for about a…

Latvian Piano Teachers' Views on an Ideal Teaching Aid for Pupils--Young Pianists

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zimele-Steina, Ineta

2015-01-01

Currently, in Latvia, an adequate teaching aid that would meet the major requirements of young novice pianists is not available. Consequently, a question arises: "What could be an ideal teaching aid for them?" The opinion survey of 165 piano teachers from all regions of Latvia was carried out according to a three-point scale, in which 30…

Family Background, School Quality and Rural-Urban Disparities in Student Learning Achievement in Latvia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Geske, Andrejs; Grinfelds, Andris; Dedze, Indra; Zhang, Yanhong

2006-01-01

Over the course of the fifteen years since 1991, Latvia has been undergoing rapid political changes from a party controlled state to a market economy. These changes have affected the system of education. The issue of quality and equity of educational outcomes is gaining increasing importance as schools are expected to adjust to the new economic…

Qualitative Analysis of Teachers' Written Self-Reflections after Implementation of a Social-Emotional Learning Program in Latvia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martinsone, Baiba; Damberga, Ilze

2017-01-01

The aim of the present study was to analyze teachers' written self-reflections after implementation of a social-emotional learning program, which was recently developed specifically for the sociocultural context of Latvia. The goal of the analysis was to examine how teachers reflect upon their own strengths and weaknesses in implementing the…

Lateglacial vegetation dynamics in the eastern Baltic region between 14,500 and 11,400 cal yr BP: A complete record since the Bølling (GI-1e) to the Holocene

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Veski, Siim; Amon, Leeli; Heinsalu, Atko; Reitalu, Triin; Saarse, Leili; Stivrins, Normunds; Vassiljev, Jüri

2012-04-01

This paper discusses a complete record of vegetation history since the Bølling (GI-1e) warming (14,500 cal yr BP) up to the Holocene in Latvia. To date, this is the only complete record of such age in the eastern Baltic area and the northernmost area for which Bølling records are present. Combining pollen evidence, pollen accumulation rates (PAR) and plant macrofossil data, we assess the local and regional vegetation development, and we attempt to separate the true Lateglacial vegetation signal by removing the obviously redeposited thermophilous pollen; however, we remove not only their signal, we discuss the possibilities of separating the redeposition signal of the so-called "local Lateglacial trees", pine and birch, by looking at their corrosion and degradation. The results show that the Bølling warming in the eastern Baltic area was a treeless tundra community consisting of the shrubs Betula nana, Dryas octopetala and Salix polaris. The Older Dryas cold spell is clearly recognised as a decline in the total concentration of plant macrofossils and PARs at between 14,200 and 13,500 cal yr BP. At 13,460 cal yr BP, the B. nana macrofossils disappear, and tree birch (Betula sect. Albae) appears, marking the start of tree birch forest. The presence of pine forest is confirmed by a variety of macrofossils, including bark, wood, needles and seeds, since 13,400 cal yr BP, at the same time at which pine stomata are found. The first identified pine stomata finds are associated with a Pinus PAR over 3000 grains cm-2 yr-1 and pine macrofossil finds with a Pinus PAR over 4000 grains cm-2 yr-1. During the warmest period of the GI-1a (Allerød) at 13,000-12,700 cal yr BP, a pine forest with deciduous trees (birch -Betula pendula and aspen -Populus tremula) developed in the study area. The Younger Dryas (GS-1) cooling strongly affected the floral composition in eastern Latvia. The PAR of the tree taxa declined abruptly from a maximum value at 12,700 to below 1000 grains cm-2 yr-1 at 12,600 cal yr BP. The response time for the pine forest to collapse was 100 years according to the PAR data. Pine macrofossils disappear simultaneously with the pollen signal at 12,600 cal yr BP, yet occasional Pinus stomata are recorded throughout the Younger Dryas (GS-1). The landscape was treeless shrub tundra again, with D. octopetala, S. polaris, B. nana and Juniperus present. Picea is introduced in the region within the cold Younger Dryas and is represented by stomata (12,400-12,200 cal yr BP), needles, seeds and wood (since 12,050 cal yr BP up to the Holocene). The Pleistocene/Holocene boundary at 11,650 cal yr BP is marked by changes both in vegetation composition and sediment type. The organic rich gyttja accumulated instead of silts and clays, and the start of the Holocene warm period permitted forest re-expansion in eastern Latvia.

PUMa - modelling the groundwater flow in Baltic Sedimentary Basin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kalvane, G.; Marnica, A.; Bethers, U.

2012-04-01

In 2009-2012 at University of Latvia and Latvia University of Agriculture project "Establishment of interdisciplinary scientist group and modelling system for groundwater research" is implemented financed by the European Social Fund. The aim of the project is to develop groundwater research in Latvia by establishing interdisciplinary research group and modelling system covering groundwater flow in the Baltic Sedimentary Basin. Researchers from fields like geology, chemistry, mathematical modelling, physics and environmental engineering are involved in the project. The modelling system is used as a platform for addressing scientific problems such as: (1) large-scale groundwater flow in Baltic Sedimentary Basin and impact of human activities on it; (2) the evolution of groundwater flow since the last glaciation and subglacial groundwater recharge; (3) the effects of climate changes on shallow groundwater and interaction of hydrographical network and groundwater; (4) new programming approaches for groundwater modelling. Within the frame of the project most accessible geological information such as description of geological wells, geological maps and results of seismic profiling in Latvia as well as Estonia and Lithuania are collected and integrated into modelling system. For example data form more then 40 thousands wells are directly used to automatically generate the geological structure of the model. Additionally a groundwater sampling campaign is undertaken. Contents of CFC, stabile isotopes of O and H and radiocarbon are the most significant parameters of groundwater that are established in unprecedented scale for Latvia. The most important modelling results will be published in web as a data set. Project number: 2009/0212/1DP/1.1.1.2.0/09/APIA/VIAA/060. Project web-site: www.puma.lu.lv

Implementation of the Patients' Rights in Cross-border Healthcare directive in Latvia.

PubMed

Olsena, Solvita

2014-03-01

Latvia, being one of the EU Member States, has an obligation to implement the rules stated by the Directive 2011/24/EU on Patients' Rights in Cross-border Healthcare (hereinafter--the Directive) before 25 October 2013 in existing national legislation and practice. Implementation was carried out under pressured circumstances. A National Contact Point has been established, information is provided for patients in Latvian and to some extent in English, the Medical Treatment Risk Fund will start operations to provide compensation for harm, and the restrictions and procedure for prior authorisation have been stated. The need to secure quality of care and patient safety and well as privacy protection are the most challenging tasks for Latvia. It can be concluded that some progress in patients' rights can be achieved, but it is doubtful if patients' mobility will be stimulated.

Increase of cases of legionellosis in Latvia, 2011.

PubMed

Rozentale, B; Bormane, A; Perevosčikovs, J; Lucenko, I; Brila, A

2011-11-10

An increased number of legionellosis cases in 2011 has been reported in Latvia, compared to the ten previous years. A total of 30 legionellosis cases (1.35 per 100,000 inhabitants), including 19 females, have been confirmed until the end of September 2011. The majority of cases (n=23) were inhabitants of the capital city Riga. The reason for the increase in legionellosis is unclear. Twenty-six of the 30 cases are not travel-related.

U.S. Foreign Policy Towards Latvia During the Inter-War Period, 1917- 1941

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-04-01

Latvia. and Lithuania in Lhe Twentieth Century. New York: Longman, 1991. Hixson, Walter L. George F. Kennan: Cold War Iconoclast . New York: Columbia...Walter L. George F. Kennan: Cold War Iconoclast . New York: Columbia University Press, 1989. Hodgson, Godfrey. The Colonel: The Life and Wars of...Cold War Iconoclast (New York: Columbia University Press, 1989), 7. 64 The Russian Section furnished the State Department with considerable evidence that

Case Study: The Withdrawal of Russian Military Forces from the Baltic States

DTIC Science & Technology

1996-01-01

Llthuama, Latvia and Estoma regained the independence they had lost at the start of the Second World War The opportumty for these new states to...Russia was perceived as pursuing a pohcy of mtlmldatlon toward Latvia, Lithuania and Estoma As the Russia-Baltic dialogue began to deteriorate m 1993... Estoma Finally, Moscow needed good relations \\~th Vllnrus to ensure easy access to Kalmmgrad, the exclave on the Baltic Sea that was physically

More than 20 years after re-emerging in the 1990s, diphtheria remains a public health problem in Latvia

PubMed Central

Kantsone, Ieva; Lucenko, Irina; Perevoscikovs, Jurijs

2016-01-01

In 1994, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the goal of eliminating diphtheria within the WHO European Region by the year 2000. However, in 1990 an epidemic emerged within the Russian Federation and spread to other countries, including Latvia, by 1994. We describe national surveillance and immunisation coverage data in Latvia from 1994 to 2014 and present historical data from 1946. We defined a laboratory-confirmed case as a clinical case in which toxin-producing Corynebacterium diphtheriae, C. ulcerans or C. pseudotuberculosis was isolated. From 1994 to 2014, 1,515 cases were reported, giving an average annual incidence of 3.2 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (range 0.1–14.8), with the highest incidence in age groups 5–19 and 40–49 years (4.4 and 4.3/100,000, respectively); 111 deaths were reported, 83.8% cases were laboratory-confirmed. Most cases occurred in unvaccinated adults. To improve disease control a supplementary immunisation campaign for adults was initiated in 1995, and by the end of 1998 national coverage among adults reached 70%, and reached 77% in 2003, but declined to 59% by 2014. Diphtheria remains a problem in Latvia with continued circulation of toxin-producing strains of C. diphtheriae. We recommend to strengthen immunisation to cover adults, as well as the education of health professionals and a serological survey. PMID:27934582

Identification and genetic characterization of Sarcocystis arctica and Sarcocystis lutrae in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from Baltic States and Spain.

PubMed

Kirillova, Viktorija; Prakas, Petras; Calero-Bernal, Rafael; Gavarāne, Inese; Fernández-García, José Luis; Martínez-González, Manuel; Rudaitytė-Lukošienė, Eglė; Martínez-Estéllez, Miguel Ángel Habela; Butkauskas, Dalius; Kirjušina, Muza

2018-03-12

Typically, carnivores serve as definitive hosts for Sarcocystis spp. parasites; currently, their role as intermediate hosts is being elucidated. The present study aimed to identify and molecularly characterize Sarcocystis cysts detected in striated muscle of red foxes from different populations in Latvia, Lithuania and Spain. Muscle samples from 411 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and 269 racoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) from Latvia, 41 red foxes from Lithuania and 22 red foxes from Spain were examined for the presence of Sarcocystis sarcocysts by light microscopy (LM). Sarcocystis spp. were identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and molecular biology techniques. Sarcocystis cysts were detected in 11/411 (2.7%) Latvian, 3/41 (7.3%) Lithuanian, and 6/22 (27.3%) Spanish red foxes, however, cysts were not observed in the muscles of racoon dogs. Based on LM, TEM, 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, ITS1, cox1 and rpoB sequences, Sarcocystis arctica and Sarcocystis lutrae cysts were identified in red fox muscles from Latvia and Lithuania, whereas only S. arctica was detected in Spain. The 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA and ITS1 sequences from the 21 isolates of S. arctica from Latvia, Lithuania and Spain were identical. By contrast, two and four haplotypes were determined based on mtDNA cox1 and apicoplast rpoB sequences, respectively. Polymorphisms were not detected between the two isolates of S. lutrae from Latvia and Lithuania. Based on phylogenetic results, S. arctica and S. lutrae were most closely related to Sarcocystis spp. using predatory mammals as intermediate hosts and to Sarcocystis species with a bird-bird life-cycle. Based on current knowledge, the red fox and Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) could act as intermediate host for the same two Sarcocystis species. Molecular results suggest the existence of two genetic lineages of S. arctica, and such divergence relies on its geographical distribution but not on their intermediate host species.

Who died in the Holocaust? Recovering names from official records.

PubMed

Anders, Edward; Dubrovskis, Juris

2003-01-01

The names of most Holocaust victims from Central and East Europe have remained unknown, but can be retrieved from official records, as illustrated here for the town of Liepāja, Latvia. Drawing on thirteen different sources, the authors have recovered the names and fates of about 7,000 of the 7,140 Jews once living there. The main source (5,700 names) is a census conducted during August 1941, the second month of the German occupation. Other sources are victims' lists compiled by Yad Vashem and by the Soviet Extraordinary Commission, house books, police and camp records, telephone and business directories, lists of deportees to the USSR, survivor reports, etc. All sources are incomplete and many are error-ridden, but they usually can be reconciled. Coverage of victims from Liepāja thus has increased from 20% to over 95%. For most victims, accurate data are now available on birth dates and places, prewar and wartime addresses, occupations, etc., permitting analysis of demography, survival patterns, and other trends.

Physical and Technical Energy Problems: Testing of the Prototype for State Estimation of Large-Scale Power Systems / Lielo Energosistēmu Stāvokļa Novērtēšanas Prototipa Testēšana

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kochukov, O.; Briņķis, K.; Mutule, A.

2013-08-01

The paper describes the algorithm for distributed state estimation (SE) and is focused on its testing and validation. For this purpose, different events in the modeled power system of the 330-750 kV electrical ring Latvia - Lithuania - Belarus - Smolensk - Moscow - St. Petersburg - Estonia - Latvia were considered. The methods for testing the Inter-TSO SE prototype and dynamic network monitoring & modeling are based on comparison of the available SCADA data about real events with those of SE calculation. In total, four operational states were studied, including initial, accident and two post-accident operational states Rakstā tiek aprakstīti, testēti un novērtēti izkliedēta stāvokļa novērtēšanas algoritmi. Testēšanas nolūkos tika izmantoti dažādi 330-750 kV elektriskā loka Latvija - Lietuva - Baltkrievija - Smoļenska - Maskava - Pēterburga - Igaunija - Latvija modelēti scenāriji. Prototipa testēšanas metodoloģija balstīta uz pieejamo SCADA datu salīdzināšanu ar stāvokļa novērtēšanas prototipa aprēķina rezultātiem. Kopumā apskatīti sākotnējais, avārijas un divi pēcavārijas režīmi

Possible Applications of Soil Remediation Technologies in Latvia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Burlakovs, Juris; Vircavs, Magnuss

2011-01-01

Increasing public concern about deleterious effects of contamination on the environment and human health has led to legislative actions aimed at controlling and regulating the emission of potential contaminants into the environment, but there is still a plethora of territories historically contaminated with different contaminants within the territory of Latvia. The purpose of the present study is to give an overview of the formerly and presently contaminated areas and give some recommendations for remediation. 242 first category contaminated territories (the contamination exceeds the acceptable normative 10 times or more) are mentioned in the National Register of Contaminated Territories, a lot of them are known as contaminated with hazardous contaminants such as heavy metals, oil products, organic compounds and other contaminants in different amounts and concentrations. An overview of soil contamination in Latvia is provided, the planned and recommended research, as well as the planned remediation in pilot case studies, are described, giving a review of the historical contamination situation and of applications of the planned remediation technologies.

‘Contexts of Exit in the Migration of Russian Speakers from the Baltic Countries to Ireland’

PubMed Central

Aptekar, Sofya

2013-01-01

Recently, Ireland has become a major destination for migrants from Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Many of these migrants are members of Russian-speaking minorities leaving a context of restrictive citizenship and language laws and varying degrees of ethnic tension. This paper draws on interviews collected in Ireland to examine the role played by the contexts of exit in decisions to migrate among Russian-speaking minorities from the Baltics. The results suggest that Russian speakers from Estonia migrate because of their experiences as minorities, while those from Latvia and Lithuania migrate to escape low wages and irregular employment. This is so despite equally restrictive language and citizenship laws in Estonia and Latvia. I argue that the effect of state policy as a push factor for minority emigration is mediated by other contextual aspects, such as levels of contact, timbre of ethnic relations, and the degree of intersection between economic stratification and ethnicity. PMID:24363609

Formation of biofilms in drinking water distribution networks, a case study in two cities in Finland and Latvia.

PubMed

Lehtola, Markku J; Juhna, Tālis; Miettinen, Ilkka T; Vartiainen, Terttu; Martikainen, Pertti J

2004-12-01

The formation of biofilms in drinking water distribution networks is a significant technical, aesthetic and hygienic problem. In this study, the effects of assimilable organic carbon, microbially available phosphorus (MAP), residual chlorine, temperature and corrosion products on the formation of biofilms were studied in two full-scale water supply systems in Finland and Latvia. Biofilm collectors consisting of polyvinyl chloride pipes were installed in several waterworks and distribution networks, which were supplied with chemically precipitated surface waters and groundwater from different sources. During a 1-year study, the biofilm density was measured by heterotrophic plate counts on R2A-agar, acridine orange direct counting and ATP-analyses. A moderate level of residual chlorine decreased biofilm density, whereas an increase of MAP in water and accumulated cast iron corrosion products significantly increased biofilm density. This work confirms, in a full-scale distribution system in Finland and Latvia, our earlier in vitro finding that biofilm formation is affected by the availability of phosphorus in drinking water.

A state of limbo: the politics of waiting in neo-liberal Latvia.

PubMed

Ozoliņa-Fitzgerald, Liene

2016-09-01

This article presents an ethnographic study of politics of waiting in a post-Soviet context. While activation has been explored in sociological and anthropological literature as a neo-liberal governmental technology and its application in post-socialist context has also been compellingly documented, waiting as a political artefact has only recently been receiving increased scholarly attention. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork at a state-run unemployment office in Riga, this article shows how, alongside activation, state welfare policies also produce passivity and waiting. Engaging with the small but developing field of sociological literature on the politics of waiting, I argue that, rather than interpreting it as a clash between 'neo-liberal' and 'Soviet' regimes, we should understand the double-move of activation and imposition of waiting as a key mechanism of neo-liberal biopolitics. This article thus extends the existing theorizations of the temporal politics of neo-liberalism. © London School of Economics and Political Science 2016.

More than 20 years after re-emerging in the 1990s, diphtheria remains a public health problem in Latvia.

PubMed

Kantsone, Ieva; Lucenko, Irina; Perevoscikovs, Jurijs

2016-12-01

In 1994, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the goal of eliminating diphtheria within the WHO European Region by the year 2000. However, in 1990 an epidemic emerged within the Russian Federation and spread to other countries, including Latvia, by 1994. We describe national surveillance and immunisation coverage data in Latvia from 1994 to 2014 and present historical data from 1946. We defined a laboratory-confirmed case as a clinical case in which toxin-producing Corynebacterium diphtheriae, C. ulcerans or C. pseudotuberculosis was isolated. From 1994 to 2014, 1,515 cases were reported, giving an average annual incidence of 3.2 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (range 0.1-14.8), with the highest incidence in age groups 5-19 and 40-49 years (4.4 and 4.3/100,000, respectively); 111 deaths were reported, 83.8% cases were laboratory-confirmed. Most cases occurred in unvaccinated adults. To improve disease control a supplementary immunisation campaign for adults was initiated in 1995, and by the end of 1998 national coverage among adults reached 70%, and reached 77% in 2003, but declined to 59% by 2014. Diphtheria remains a problem in Latvia with continued circulation of toxin-producing strains of C. diphtheriae. We recommend to strengthen immunisation to cover adults, as well as the education of health professionals and a serological survey. This article is copyright of The Authors, 2016.

PREFACE: 5th Baltic Conference on Silicate Materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mezinskis, G.; Bragina, L.; Colombo, P.; Frischat, G. H.; Grabis, J.; Greil, P.; Deja, J.; Kaminskas, R.; Kliava, J.; Medvids, A.; Nowak, I.; Siauciunas, R.; Valancius, Z.; Zalite, I.

2011-12-01

Logo This Volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering presents a selection of the contributions to the 5th Baltic Conference on Silicate Materials (BaltSilica2011) held at Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia from 23-25 May 2011. The conference was organized by Riga Technical University (Latvia) and Kaunas University of Technology (Lithuania). The series of Baltic conferences on silicate materials was started since 2004: the first conference was held in Riga, Latvia, 2004; the second conference was held in Kaunas, Lithuania 2005; the third was held again in Riga, Latvia, 2007, and the fourth was held in Kaunas, Lithuania 2009. BaltSilica 2011 was attended by around 50 participants from Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Germany, Poland, Italy, France, Ukraine and Russia. In comparison with previous silicate materials conferences, the broadening of participating countries is an indication of the interest of scientists, engineers and students to exchange research ideas, latest results, and to find new research topics for cooperation in the fields of silicate, high temperature materials, and inorganic nanomaterials. The scientific programme included 8 invited plenary lectures 23 oral presentations and 25 posters [1]. Scientific themes covered in the conference and in this special issue: Natural and Artificial Stone Materials; Traditional and New Ceramic and Glass-Like Materials; Nanoparticles and Nanomaterials. This volume consists of 23 selected proceeding papers. The Editor of this special issue is grateful to all the contributors to BaltSilica 2011. I am also very grateful to the scientific committee, the local organizing committee, the session chairs, the referees who refereed the submitted articles to this issue, and to students from the Department of Silicate, High Temperature and Inorganic Nanomaterials Technology of the Riga Technical University who ensured the smooth running of the conference. Particular thanks goes to eight plenary speakers who provided interesting findings and thoughtful overviews in the scientific themes of the conference. Special thanks go to Prof., Dr.rer.nat. Günther Heinz Frischat (Germany) who encouraged and supported the organization of these scientific meetings from the very first BaltSilica conferences. With warm regards and best wishes for the next BaltSilica conference. The Conference Chairman Gundars Mezinskis Reference [1] Baltic Conference on Silicate Materials. Book of abstracts of the 5th Baltic Conference on Silicate Materials BaltSilica 2011 : 23-25 May 2011, Riga, Latvia ed G Mezinskis, G Sedmale, J Setina, I Sperberga, L Krage, I Pavlovska, D Andersone (Riga: RTU Publishing House) p 94

Smoking and attitudes towards it and its cessation among dental students in Latvia.

PubMed

Virtanen, Jorma I; Filppula, Maarit; Maldupa, Ilze; Patja, Kristiina

2015-08-01

The prevalence of smoking is higher in Latvia than in most EU countries. This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge of dental students in Latvia about the effects of smoking on oral health and their attitudes toward smoking and its cessation. A cross-sectional survey among all the dental students in Latvia was conducted in 2011. Students at the Riga Stradins University were asked to participate in this anonymous, voluntary survey. The questionnaire included items concerned with the students' own smoking habits, their knowledge of smoking as an addiction and its health effects and their attitudes towards its prevention and cessation in a dental setting. The response rate was 87% (173/200). The Chi-square test and logistic regression were used for the statistical analyses. About one quarter of the students (24%) were daily or occasional smokers and almost half of the male students (46%) had smoked at least 100-times in their lifetime. The students revealed a lack of knowledge about the addictive nature of smoking, in that about half of the students did not consider smoking physically or socially addictive. About one fifth (21.4%) didn't consider environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) harmful to one's health. Although the students' awareness of smoking improved during their studies, the most significant factor related to their knowledge was their own smoking history (OR=2.7; p=0.021). Smoking was frequent among undergraduate dental students and they lacked knowledge of its addictiveness. More emphasis ought to be placed on education with regard to smoking and on cessation services.

Multi- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Latvia: trends, characteristics and treatment outcomes

PubMed Central

Riekstina, V.; Leimane, V.; Ozere, I.; Skenders, G.; Van den Bergh, R.; Kremer, K.; Acosta, C. D.; Harries, A. D.

2014-01-01

Setting: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is an important public health problem in Latvia. Objective: To document trends, characteristics and treatment outcomes of registered patients with multi-drug-resistant (MDR-) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR-) TB in Latvia from 2000 to 2010. Design: A retrospective national cohort study. Results: Of 1779 patients, 1646 (92%) had MDR- and 133 (8%) XDR-TB. Over 11 years, the proportion of XDR-TB among MDR-TB patients increased from 2% to 18%. Compared to MDR-TB patients, those with XDR-TB were significantly more likely to have failed MDR-TB treatment (OR 8.4, 95%CI 4.3–16.2), have human immunodeficiency virus infection (OR 3.2, 95%CI 1.8–5.7), be illegal drug users (OR 5.7, 95%CI 2.6–11.6) or have had contact with MDR-TB patients (OR 1.9, 95%CI 1.3–2.8). Cure rates for XDR-TB were 50%. Compared with MDR-TB patients, those with XDR-TB had a higher risk of treatment failure (29% vs. 8%, respectively, P < 0.001). Unfavourable treatment outcomes were significantly associated with being male; having smear-positive disease; pulmonary cavities; failure, default or relapse after previous MDR-TB treatment; and a history of incarceration. Conclusion: More MDR-TB in Latvia is now also XDR-TB. This study identified several risk factors for XDR-TB and, for unfavourable treatment outcomes, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate management of MDR-/XDR-TB. PMID:26393098

Burnout syndrome as an occupational disease in the European Union: an exploratory study.

PubMed

Lastovkova, Andrea; Carder, Melanie; Rasmussen, Hans Martin; Sjoberg, Lars; Groene, Gerda J de; Sauni, Riitta; Vevoda, Jiri; Vevodova, Sarka; Lasfargues, Gerard; Svartengren, Magnus; Varga, Marek; Colosio, Claudio; Pelclova, Daniela

2018-04-07

The risk of psychological disorders influencing the health of workers increases in accordance with growing requirements on employees across various professions. This study aimed to compare approaches to the burnout syndrome in European countries. A questionnaire focusing on stress-related occupational diseases was distributed to national experts of 28 European Union countries. A total of 23 countries responded. In 9 countries (Denmark, Estonia, France, Hungary, Latvia, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia and Sweden) burnout syndrome may be acknowledged as an occupational disease. Latvia has burnout syndrome explicitly included on the List of ODs. Compensation for burnout syndrome has been awarded in Denmark, France, Latvia, Portugal and Sweden. Only in 39% of the countries a possibility to acknowledge burnout syndrome as an occupational disease exists, with most of compensated cases only occurring in recent years. New systems to collect data on suspected cases have been developed reflecting the growing recognition of the impact of the psychosocial work environment. In agreement with the EU legislation, all EU countries in the study have an action plan to prevent stress at the workplace.

Prognostic factors and epidemiological characteristics of cutaneous and mucosal head and neck melanoma.

PubMed

Berzina, Anna; Azarjana, Kristine; Cema, Ingrida; Pjanova, Dace; Rivosh, Alexander

2011-01-01

OBJECTIVE. To describe the prognostic factors and epidemiological characteristics of cutaneous and mucosal head and neck melanoma and to identify the variables associated with mortality from this disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Patients treated for head and neck melanoma in the Oncology Centre of Latvia, Riga during a 10-year period were identified. Records from 124 cases were analyzed in a descriptive, retrospective study. For each patient, information regarding age, sex, tumor anatomic site, as well as ulceration, histological tumor subtypes, Breslow thickness and Clark invasion level was viewed. Disease specific survival rates were calculated. The frequencies of all study variables and their 95% confidence intervals were determined. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were produced to illustrate the survival differences for each variable. RESULTS. The patients' mean age was 67.36 years. The study included 81 females (65.32%) and 43 males (34.67%). The prevalent anatomical site for cutaneous head and neck melanoma was the cheek - 49% (n=55) and the intraocular site for mucosal melanoma (61.5%). A high percentage of thick cutaneous melanoma was detected. In 53 cases (47.3%) out of 112 cutaneous melanoma the tumor ulceration was found. Nodular melanoma subtype was predominating (38%). The incidence of cutaneous melanoma has increased unequally whereas mucosal melanoma of the head and neck is an uncommon cancer and the incidence rates in Latvia during a ten year period are decreasing. CONCLUSION. Female sex, advanced age, facial skin, tumor thickness, nodular subtype and ulceration carried a relevant risk of poor prognosis.

Master's level education in biomedical optics: four-year experience at the University of Latvia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spigulis, Janis

2000-06-01

Pilot program for Master's studies on Biomedical Optics has been developed and launched at University of Latvia in 1995. The Curriculum contains several basic subjects like Fundamentals of Biomedical Optics, Medical Lightguides, Anatomy and Physiology, Lasers and Non-coherent Light Sources, Optical Instrumentation for Healthcare, Optical Methods for Patient Treatment, Basic Physics, etc. Special English Terminology and Laboratory-Clinical Praxis are also involved, and the Master Theses is the final step for the degree award. Following one four-year teaching experience, some observations, conclusions and eventual future activities are discussed.

Legislative Framework for Landscape Planning in Latvia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nitavska, Natalija; Zigmunde, Daiga

2017-10-01

With the adoption and the ratification of the European Landscape Convention a legally justified need for a clear landscape policy was grounded in the European countries. It includes the elaboration of the new and the improvement of the existing legislative documents on landscape planning, protection and management. The aim of the particular study is to analyse the existing legislative documents in Latvia influencing landscape planning on different scales / and the implementation of the European Landscape Convention. The study emphasizes the complex structure of the Latvian legislative framework affected by the distribution of the normative documents under the various ministries. Therefore, the main problem is unclear responsibility levels and organizational system for solving the issues regarding landscape planning, protection and management. Thus the various discussions between the involved disciplines and responsible institutions are arising. Two groups of the legislative documents influencing the implementation of the landscape policy in Latvia are detected within the study. The first group is strategic documents determining main landscape planning principles and directions at European, national, regional and professional or sectoral level. The second group is operational documents providing a set of actions for the landscape planning, protection and management at the local or the municipality level. The study concludes that operational documents developed by the municipalities are in high importance because of their direct influence on the landscape planning in Latvia. This often leads to the different landscape planning requirements included in the normative documents of the neighbouring municipalities, although the spatial and ecological borders of the visual landscape do not fit with the formal borders of the municipalities. Thus, it is essential to develop the common principles and actions that would be incumbent on all municipalities to provide the landscape integrity and to protect its values according to the main principles defined in the European Landscape Convention.

Coming of age under Hitler and Stalin: the everyday life of adolescent girls in occupied Latvia.

PubMed

McDowell, Linda

2010-01-01

This article explores the possibility of the continuation of everyday life in occupied Europe through a case study of the lives of twenty-five adolescent girls and young women living in Latvia between 1939 and 1944. Late adolescence is the period in which young women are struggling to establish some degree of independence, especially through leaving the parental home and entering the labour market. These transitions are the conventional markers of adulthood in modern societies. The article explores how occupation by the Soviet Union and the Third Reich affected daily life and the speed and nature of the transition to adulthood.

The Role of Ecotourism in the Reduction of Anthropogenic Load on Natura 2000 Territories throughout Latvia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leitis, Eriks; Leitis, Ēriks

2011-01-01

Ecotourism is able to contribute to biodiversity and to ensure the ecosystem function in Latvia through a complicated process of fulfilment of the established criteria for a valid ecotourism. The tourism flow in protected nature territories should be monitored, and the appropriate environmental management, education and a code of conduct need to be introduced. Ecotourism will serve for reducing the social and economic pressures on biodiversity and will promote responsible actions in support of environmentally friendly technologies and approaches. The areas selected for this study are the Natura 2000 territories that have undertaken the development of ecotourism facilities.

Small Scale Solar Cooling Unit in Climate Conditions of Latvia: Environmental and Economical Aspects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jaunzems, Dzintars; Veidenbergs, Ivars

2010-01-01

The paper contributes to the analyses from the environmental and economical point of view of small scale solar cooling system in climate conditions of Latvia. Cost analyses show that buildings with a higher cooling load and full load hours have lower costs. For high internal gains, cooling costs are around 1,7 €/kWh and 2,5 €/kWh for buildings with lower internal gains. Despite the fact that solar cooling systems have significant potential to reduce CO2 emissions due to a reduction of electricity consumption, the economic feasibility and attractiveness of solar cooling system is still low.

The Development of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials Industry in Science and Entrepreneurship: Socioeconomic and Technical Indicators. A Case Study of Latvia (Part Two)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Geipele, I.; Geipele, S.; Staube, T.; Ciemleja, G.; Zeltins, N.

2016-10-01

Part two of the in-depth scientific study clarifies the significant social and technical indicators of the development of nano-field at the macro, micro, and meso development levels of the economic environment in Latvia in the framework of the given theme. The analytical assessment of numerical change in socioeconomic and technical factors clearly demonstrates the interaction of nano-field with the development of science and manufacture, as found out in the study. The identified indicators are proposed to use for research, comparison and implementation in any other country of the world.

Teaching of laser medical topics: Latvian experience

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spigulis, Janis

2002-10-01

Pilot program for Master's studies on Biomedical Optics has been developed and launched at University of Latvia in 1995. The Curriculum contains several basic subjects like Fundamentals of Biomedical Optics, Medical Lightguides, Anatomy and Physiology, Lasers and Non-coherent Light Sources, Optical Instrumentation for Healthcare, Optical Methods for Patient Treatment, Basic Physics, etc. Special English Terminology and Laboratory-Clinical Praxis are also involved, and the Master Theses is the final step for the degree award. Recently a new extensive short course for medical laser users "Lasers and Bio-optics in Medicine" has been prepared in the PowerPoint format and successfully presented in Latvia, Lithuania and Sweden.

Health check for Latvia: opportunities for information professionals in a new democracy.

PubMed

Smith, Inese A; Pozņaka, Velta

2006-12-01

This paper outlines developments in medical information in Latvia since independence from the former USSR in 1991, and analyses the health information gap faced by professionals. To explore international initiatives and co-operation in health information provision in Latvia; to describe the activities of Latvian medical librarians at national, regional and international level; to look at health information provision by specialist information centres; and to discuss the role of librarians in health information provision in public libraries. An extensive search was made of databases and medical library and health information centre staff were interviewed; a questionnaire survey of librarians was carried out. International initiatives and co-operation by medical librarians have extended their services at national, regional and international level. Health information portals exist, with online contacts and links to smaller health centres and organizations, but rarely employ qualified librarians or information professionals. Ninety-three per cent of public librarians had provided health information, with 79% using the Internet. The most popular sources of health information were magazines, books, local pharmacies and the Internet, but mostly for healthy lifestyle, not medical problems. E-health and medical informatics are high government priorities. Medical librarians are actively involved in these initiatives.

'I had to help my child!': The role of emotions, risk, and trust in use of nasal decongestants in children.

PubMed

Salmane-Kulikovska, Ieva; Mezinska, Signe

2013-03-01

Recent studies suggest that a number of common cold medicines, including nasal decongestants are not suitable for small children. In Latvia nasal decongestants are primarily over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, and patient information leaflets generally permit use of these medicines for small children. The previous studies in Latvia investigating the use of medicines in cases of common cold demonstrated extensive use of decongestants in children less than six years of age, marking a necessity for more profound research. As a result a qualitative study was implemented in 2011 to identify sources of information that offer advice for the use of decongestants in children. The caregivers' perception of risks, trust, and the role of emotions associated with use of these medicines was considered. The study results suggested that emotions have a considerable effect on the decisions of caregivers. Even though caregivers are aware of the risks associated with the use of decongestants, they still frequently administer these medicines for the sake of the comfort of both the child and the caregiver. It is essential to raise a discussion about the inappropriate use of common cold medications in small children in Latvia. © The Author(s) 2012.

Forecasting plant phenology: evaluating the phenological models for Betula pendula and Padus racemosa spring phases, Latvia.

PubMed

Kalvāns, Andis; Bitāne, Māra; Kalvāne, Gunta

2015-02-01

A historical phenological record and meteorological data of the period 1960-2009 are used to analyse the ability of seven phenological models to predict leaf unfolding and beginning of flowering for two tree species-silver birch Betula pendula and bird cherry Padus racemosa-in Latvia. Model stability is estimated performing multiple model fitting runs using half of the data for model training and the other half for evaluation. Correlation coefficient, mean absolute error and mean squared error are used to evaluate model performance. UniChill (a model using sigmoidal development rate and temperature relationship and taking into account the necessity for dormancy release) and DDcos (a simple degree-day model considering the diurnal temperature fluctuations) are found to be the best models for describing the considered spring phases. A strong collinearity between base temperature and required heat sum is found for several model fitting runs of the simple degree-day based models. Large variation of the model parameters between different model fitting runs in case of more complex models indicates similar collinearity and over-parameterization of these models. It is suggested that model performance can be improved by incorporating the resolved daily temperature fluctuations of the DDcos model into the framework of the more complex models (e.g. UniChill). The average base temperature, as found by DDcos model, for B. pendula leaf unfolding is 5.6 °C and for the start of the flowering 6.7 °C; for P. racemosa, the respective base temperatures are 3.2 °C and 3.4 °C.

GNSS Network time series analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Normand, M.; Balodis, J.; Janpaule, I.; Haritonova, D.

2012-12-01

Time series of GNSS station results of both the EUPOS®-Riga and LatPos networks have been developed at the Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation (University of Latvia) using Bernese v.5.0 software. The base stations were selected among the EPN and IGS stations in surroundings of Latvia at the distances up to 700 km. The results of time series are analysed and coordinate velocity vectors have been determined. The background of the map of tectonic faults helps to interpret the GNSS station coordinate velocity vector behaviour in proper environment. The outlying situations recognized. The question still aroused on the nature of the some of outlying situations. The dependence from various influences has been tested.

Changes in dicot-weeds species composition in spring barley in Latvia during the past 20 years.

PubMed

Vanaga, I

2012-01-01

Dicot weed populations were assessed in spring barley trials carried out in four three-years periods at 5-year intervals: 1990-1992, 1995-1997; 2001-2003 and 2006-2008. The overall aim of this research was to evaluate the changes in dicot-weed infestations in spring barley in fields of one region (Riga) of Latvia in sod-podzolic loamy sand soil. The results of the trials showed that Galeopsis spp, Stellaoria media, Viola orvensis and Chenopodium album were among the most frequent weed species in the periods of 1990-1992 and 1995-1997. The occurrence of C. album and V. arvensis increased during the periods of 2001-2003 and 2006-2008.

The ESR age of Portlandia arctica shells from glacial deposits of Central Latvia . an answer to a controversy on the age and genesis of their enclosing sediments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Molodkov, Anatoly; Dreimanis, Aleksis; ĀBoltiņš, Ojars; Raukas, Anto

The occurrence of Portlandia arctica shells in glacigenic sediments of Central Latvia had created a controversy in many publications about (1) their age ranging from the Holsteinian to the Late Weichselian and (2) the genesis of their enclosing sediments: glacial, glaciomarine or marine. Our reinvestigation of the main object of controversy, the Lı¯čupe site, leads to a conclusion that the sedimentary package of diamictons, clays and sands containing Portlandia arctica shells and marine microfossils is a large glacial raft that had been transported and deposited by the Riga lobe during the Weichselian. The electron spin resonance (ESR) ages on five sets of Portlandia arctica shells from the Lı¯čupe and Daugmales Tomēni sites range from 86.0±6.8 to 105.0±9.2 ka BP. These ESR age determinations and the cool climate indicators of the associated microflora and microfauna suggest that their source sediments, probably in the Gulf of Riga, are marine clays of Early Weichselian age, probably correlative to the Brørup Interstadial. In Central Latvia Portlandia arctica shells and their enclosing clay occur resedimented or translocated in glacial deposits during Weichselian glacial advances.

Searching for solutions to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions by agricultural policy decisions--Application of system dynamics modeling for the case of Latvia.

PubMed

Dace, Elina; Muizniece, Indra; Blumberga, Andra; Kaczala, Fabio

2015-09-15

European Union (EU) Member States have agreed to limit their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from sectors not covered by the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (non-ETS). That includes also emissions from agricultural sector. Although the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has established a methodology for assessment of GHG emissions from agriculture, the forecasting options are limited, especially when policies and their interaction with the agricultural system are tested. Therefore, an advanced tool, a system dynamics model, was developed that enables assessment of effects various decisions and measures have on agricultural GHG emissions. The model is based on the IPCC guidelines and includes the main elements of an agricultural system, i.e. land management, livestock farming, soil fertilization and crop production, as well as feedback mechanisms between the elements. The case of Latvia is selected for simulations, as agriculture generates 22% of the total anthropogenic GHG emissions in the country. The results demonstrate that there are very limited options for GHG mitigation in the agricultural sector. Thereby, reaching the non-ETS GHG emission targets will be very challenging for Latvia, as the level of agricultural GHG emissions will be exceeded considerably above the target levels. Thus, other non-ETS sectors will have to reduce their emissions drastically to "neutralize" the agricultural sector's emissions for reaching the EU's common ambition to move towards low-carbon economy. The developed model may serve as a decision support tool for impact assessment of various measures and decisions on the agricultural system's GHG emissions. Although the model is applied to the case of Latvia, the elements and structure of the model developed are similar to agricultural systems in many countries. By changing numeric values of certain parameters, the model can be applied to analyze decisions and measures in other countries. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Quantity and quality analysis of dental prosthodontics among retirement age residents from nursing homes in different regions of Latvia and retirement age patients from dental clinic in Riga.

PubMed

Vidzis, Aldis; Cema, Ingrida; Brinkmane, Anda; Krasta, Ingrida; Broka, Kristine

2012-01-01

The quality of life is closely related with condition of oral health, influence of subjective factors on the whole human body and patients perception of their oral health. In spite of the fact that the most part of Latvian retirement age residents use low-quality dentures and assess them satisfactory, these patients often have problems associated with quality of dentures. The aim of the present study was to evaluate oral health status, prosthodontics indicators and patients satisfaction with oral health among Latvian retirement age residents. There were examined 465 retirement age volunteers (170 men and 295 women), 116 of them in dental clinic Sandent (Riga, 24.9% - control group), 137 (29.5%) in nursing homes in Zemgale and 212 (45.6%) in nursing homes in Kurzeme (Zemgale and Kurzeme are districts of Latvia). There were assessed quantity of prosthodontics among patients with partial defects of dental arches, there were estimated quality of dentures and patients satisfaction with existing prosthodontics. Oral health indicators among Latvian retirement age population are better than the same indicators among elderly residents of nursing homes. Among nursing homes residents with partial edentulousness in most of cases in oral cavities remained only few residual teeth which needed treatment. Removable and fixed dental prostheses used by nursing homes residents do not meet denture's quality criteria. Self-evaluation of dentures quality among retirement age residents of nursing homes is better and not correspond with existing dentures quality. In Latvia the quantity of prosthodontics in respect of partial removable dentures among the retired who regularly visit a dentist does not significantly differ from European retirement age population's dental prosthodontics quantity. Dental prosthodontics indicators of residents of nursing homes in Latvia are unsatisfactory (p<0.001). In retirement age population self-evaluation with quality of dentures is higher than actually existing.

Iodine deficiency during pregnancy: a national cross-sectional survey in Latvia.

PubMed

Konrade, Ilze; Kalere, Ieva; Strele, Ieva; Makrecka-Kuka, Marina; Jekabsone, Anna; Tetere, Elina; Veisa, Vija; Gavars, Didzis; Rezeberga, Dace; Pīrāgs, Valdis; Lejnieks, Aivars; Dambrova, Maija

2015-11-01

Low iodine intake during pregnancy may cause thyroid dysfunction, which results in inadequate fetal brain development. In the absence of a universal salt iodization programme, we conducted a nationwide survey of iodine deficiency in pregnant women in Latvia. A countrywide twenty-cluster survey, with at least twenty women per cluster. Participants completed a questionnaire on dietary habits concerning iodine intake (n 739). Thyroid function (thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine and thyroperoxidase antibodies) was measured (n 550). Urinary iodine was measured using the ammonium persulfate method (n 696). The survey was performed in all regions of Latvia during the spring and autumn seasons in 2013. Pregnant women (n 829). The median creatinine (Cr)-standardized urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 80·8 (interquartile range (IQR) 46·1-130·6) µg/g Cr or 69·4 (IQR 53·9-92·6) µg/l during pregnancy, and 81% of pregnant women had UIC levels below the WHO recommended range of 150-250 µg/g Cr. The UIC was lowest during the first trimester of pregnancy, 56·0 (IQR 36·4-100·6) µg/g Cr, reaching higher concentrations of 87·5 (IQR 46·4-141·7) µg/g Cr and 86·9 (IQR 53·8-140·6) µg/g Cr in the second and third trimesters, respectively. Women taking supplements containing ≥150 µg iodine (6·8% of respondents) had non-significantly higher UIC than did women without supplementation (96·2 v. 80·3 µg/g Cr, respectively, P=NS). Thyroperoxidase antibody concentration did not correlate significantly with UIC: Spearman's ρ=-0·012, P=0·78. The median UIC indicates iodine deficiency in pregnant women in Latvia. Iodine supplementation (150 µg daily) and regular UIC monitoring should be suggested to overcome iodine deficiency and to reach the recommended levels without inducing autoimmune processes.

Impact of the climate change to shallow groundwater in Baltic artesian basin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lauva, D.; Bethers, P.; Timuhins, A.; Sennikovs, J.

2012-04-01

The purpose of our work was to find the long term pattern of annual shallow ground water changes in region of Latvia, ground water level modelling for the contemporary climate and future climate scenarios and the model generalization to the Baltic artesian basin (BAB) region. Latvia is located in the middle part of BAB. It occupies about 65'000 square kilometers. BAB territory (480'000 square kilometres) also includes Lithuania, Estonia as well as parts of Poland, Russia, Belarus and the Baltic Sea. Territory of BAB is more than seven times bigger than Latvia. Precipitation and spring snow melt are the main sources of the ground water recharge in BAB territory. The long term pattern of annual shallow ground water changes was extracted from the data of 25 monitoring wells in the territory of Latvia. The main Latvian groundwater level fluctuation regime can be described as a function with two maximums (in spring and late autumn) and two minimums (in winter and late summer). The mathematical model METUL (developed by Latvian University of Agriculture) was chosen for the ground water modelling. It was calibrated on the observations in 25 gauging wells around Latvia. After the calibration we made calculations using data provided by an ensemble of regional climate models, yielding a continuous groundwater table time-series from 1961 to 2100, which were analysed and split into 3 time windows for further analysis: contemporary climate (1961-1990), near future (2021-2050) and far future (2071-2100). The daily average temperature, precipitation and humidity time series were used as METUL forcing parameters. The statistical downscaling method (Sennikovs and Bethers, 2009) was applied for the bias correction of RCM calculated and measured variables. The qualitative differences in future and contemporary annual groundwater regime are expected. The future Latvian annual groundwater cycle according to the RCM climate projection changes to curve with one peak and one drought point. Acknowledgements. This research was supported by the European Social Fund project "Establishment of interdisciplinary scientist group and modelling system for groundwater research" (Project Nr. 2009/0212/1DP/1.1.1.2.0/09/APIA/VIAA/060). Regional climate model data was provided through the ENSEMBLES data archive, funded by the EU FP6 Integrated Project ENSEMBLES (Contract number 505539). Reference: Sennikovs, J., Bethers, U. 2009. Statistical downscaling method of regional climate model results for hydrological modelling. In: Proceedings of 18th World IMACS / MODSIM Congress.

Recent Research Activities at the Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformatics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balodis, Janis; Silabriedis, Gunars; Haritonova, Diana; Morozova, Katerina; Zarins, Ansis; Rubans, Augusts

2016-08-01

This paper discusses the research work done recently at the Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformatics of the University of Latvia. For many years the main topics of the research has been related to the satellite geodesy and to the development of the devices for satellite geodesy applications. Currently the research has been devoted to the geodynamics in Latvia: GNSS applied measurements and computation of high precision national geoid model using different data sets, analysis of Latvian GNSS permanent station position time series, development of digital zenith camera for vertical deflection determination, and development of the new multifunctional astrometric device which can be used for both the satellite laser ranging and/or for the positioning of the near Earth space bodies on the background of stars.

Biophotonics Master studies: teaching and training experience at University of Latvia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spigulis, Janis

2007-06-01

Two-year program for Master's studies on Biophotonics (Biomedical Optics) has been originally developed and carried out at University of Latvia since 1995. The Curriculum contains basic subjects like Fundamentals of Biomedical Optics, Medical Lightguides, Anatomy and Physiology, Lasers and Non-coherent Light Sources, Basic Physics, etc. Student laboratories, special English Terminology and Laboratory-Clinical Praxis are also involved as the training components, and Master project is the final step for the degree award. Life-long learning is supported by several E-courses and an extensive short course for medical laser users "Lasers and Bio-optics in Medicine". Recently a new inter-university European Social Fund project was started to adapt the program accordingly to the Bologna Declaration guidelines.

New tardigrade records for the Baltic states with a description of Minibiotus formosus sp. n. (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae)

PubMed Central

Zawierucha, Krzysztof; Dziamięcki, Jakub; Jakubowska, Natalia; Michalczyk, Łukasz; Kaczmarek, Łukasz

2014-01-01

Abstract In sixteen moss, lichen and mixed (moss/lichen) samples, collected from Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, 291 specimens, 48 simplexes, including one exuvium with 6 eggs, and 8 free-laid eggs of eutardigrades were found. In total, 17 species, together with one new to science, were identified (all are new records for the Baltic states): Astatumen bartosi, Diphascon (Adropion) prorsirostre, D. (Diphascon) bullatum, D. (D.) pingue pingue, D. (D.) recamieri, D. (D.) rugosum, Hypsibius convergens, H. dujardini, H. cf. scabropygus, Isohypsibius ronsisvallei, I. sattleri, Macrobiotus harmsworthi harmsworthi, M. hufelandi hufelandi, Milnesium asiaticum, Milnesium tardigradum tardigradum, Minibiotus formosus sp. n. and Paramacrobiotus richtersi. The new species is most similar to Minibiotus gumersindoi, but differs from it mainly by the presence of two types of cuticular pores, the absence of a triangular or pentagonal arrangement of pores above a single large pore on legs, the presence of granulation on all legs and a different macroplacoid length sequence. In this paper we also provide photographs and morphometrics of H. cf. scabropygus. PMID:24899839

New tardigrade records for the Baltic states with a description of Minibiotus formosus sp. n. (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae).

PubMed

Zawierucha, Krzysztof; Dziamięcki, Jakub; Jakubowska, Natalia; Michalczyk, Lukasz; Kaczmarek, Lukasz

2014-01-01

In sixteen moss, lichen and mixed (moss/lichen) samples, collected from Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, 291 specimens, 48 simplexes, including one exuvium with 6 eggs, and 8 free-laid eggs of eutardigrades were found. In total, 17 species, together with one new to science, were identified (all are new records for the Baltic states): Astatumen bartosi, Diphascon (Adropion) prorsirostre, D. (Diphascon) bullatum, D. (D.) pingue pingue, D. (D.) recamieri, D. (D.) rugosum, Hypsibius convergens, H. dujardini, H. cf. scabropygus, Isohypsibius ronsisvallei, I. sattleri, Macrobiotus harmsworthi harmsworthi, M. hufelandi hufelandi, Milnesium asiaticum, Milnesium tardigradum tardigradum, Minibiotus formosus sp. n. and Paramacrobiotus richtersi. The new species is most similar to Minibiotus gumersindoi, but differs from it mainly by the presence of two types of cuticular pores, the absence of a triangular or pentagonal arrangement of pores above a single large pore on legs, the presence of granulation on all legs and a different macroplacoid length sequence. In this paper we also provide photographs and morphometrics of H. cf. scabropygus.

An inter-country comparison of unofficial payments: results of a health sector social audit in the Baltic States

PubMed Central

Cockcroft, Anne; Andersson, Neil; Paredes-Solís, Sergio; Caldwell, Dawn; Mitchell, Steve; Milne, Deborah; Merhi, Serge; Roche, Melissa; Konceviciute, Elena; Ledogar, Robert J

2008-01-01

Background Cross-country comparisons of unofficial payments in the health sector are sparse. In 2002 we conducted a social audit of the health sector of the three Baltic States. Methods Some 10,320 household interviews from a stratified, last-stage-random, sample of 30 clusters per country, together with institutional reviews, produced preliminary results. Separate focus groups of service users, nurses and doctors interpreted these findings. Stakeholder workshops in each country discussed the survey and focus group results. Results Nearly one half of the respondents did not consider unofficial payments to health workers to be corruption, yet one half (Estonia 43%, Latvia 45%, Lithuania 64%) thought the level of corruption in government health services was high. Very few (Estonia 1%, Latvia 3%, Lithuania 8%) admitted to making unofficial payments in their last contact with the services. Around 14% of household members across the three countries gave gifts in their last contact with government services. Conclusion This social audit allowed comparison of perceptions, attitudes and experience regarding unofficial payments in the health services of the three Baltic States. Estonia showed least corruption. Latvia was in the middle. Lithuania evidenced the most unofficial payments, the greatest mistrust towards the system. These findings can serve as a baseline for interventions, and to compare each country's approach to health service reform in relation to unofficial payments. PMID:18208604

An inter-country comparison of unofficial payments: results of a health sector social audit in the Baltic States.

PubMed

Cockcroft, Anne; Andersson, Neil; Paredes-Solís, Sergio; Caldwell, Dawn; Mitchell, Steve; Milne, Deborah; Merhi, Serge; Roche, Melissa; Konceviciute, Elena; Ledogar, Robert J

2008-01-21

Cross-country comparisons of unofficial payments in the health sector are sparse. In 2002 we conducted a social audit of the health sector of the three Baltic States. Some 10,320 household interviews from a stratified, last-stage-random, sample of 30 clusters per country, together with institutional reviews, produced preliminary results. Separate focus groups of service users, nurses and doctors interpreted these findings. Stakeholder workshops in each country discussed the survey and focus group results. Nearly one half of the respondents did not consider unofficial payments to health workers to be corruption, yet one half (Estonia 43%, Latvia 45%, Lithuania 64%) thought the level of corruption in government health services was high. Very few (Estonia 1%, Latvia 3%, Lithuania 8%) admitted to making unofficial payments in their last contact with the services. Around 14% of household members across the three countries gave gifts in their last contact with government services. This social audit allowed comparison of perceptions, attitudes and experience regarding unofficial payments in the health services of the three Baltic States. Estonia showed least corruption. Latvia was in the middle. Lithuania evidenced the most unofficial payments, the greatest mistrust towards the system. These findings can serve as a baseline for interventions, and to compare each country's approach to health service reform in relation to unofficial payments.

2 CFR 176.90 - Acquisitions covered under international agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea (Republic of), Latvia... Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua); (ii) North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA...

2 CFR 176.90 - Acquisitions covered under international agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea (Republic of), Latvia... Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua); (ii) North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA...

2 CFR 176.90 - Acquisitions covered under international agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea (Republic of), Latvia... Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua); (ii) North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA...

2 CFR 176.90 - Acquisitions covered under international agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea (Republic of), Latvia... Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua); (ii) North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA...

RES-E Support Policies In The Baltic States: Development Aspect (Part I)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bobinaite, V.; Priedite, I.

2015-02-01

Despite quite similar conditions (natural resources) for electricity production from renewable energy sources (RES-E) in three Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania), significant differences exist in these countries as to the RES-E production volume. In Latvia this volume is the highest, while in Estonia and Lithuania it is half as high. One of the factors that determine the RES-E production volumes is support policies, which in the Baltic States are different. The main objective of this work was to analyze and compare these support policies. The results have shown that for rapid RES-E development the most effective policy is to be market-oriented (as in Estonia), whereas for more stable development such policy should be producer-oriented (as in Lithuania).

African swine fever virus introduction into the EU in 2014: Experience of Latvia.

PubMed

Oļševskis, Edvīns; Guberti, Vittorio; Seržants, Mārtiņš; Westergaard, Jørgen; Gallardo, Carmina; Rodze, Ieva; Depner, Klaus

2016-04-01

African swine fever (ASF) virus was introduced in Latvia in June 2014. Thirty-two outbreaks in domestic pigs and 217 cases in wild boar were notified in 2014. Twenty-eight outbreaks (87.5%) were primary outbreaks. The contagiosity within pig herds was low. Failure to use simple biosecurity measures to reduce the chance of virus introduction, for example by inadvertent feeding of locally produced virus contaminated fodder were the main causes for the outbreaks in backyard holdings. The infection in wild boar survived locally in two different areas with a low prevalence and a slow spread. The persistence of the infection in wild boar within an area was most probably linked to wild boar scavenging the carcasses of infected wild boar. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

2 CFR 176.90 - Non-application to acquisitions covered under international agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., Bulgaria, Canada, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong..., Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg...

Aquatic chemistry of flood events

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klavins, Maris; Rodinov, Valery

2015-04-01

During flood events a major discharge of water and dissolved substances happens. However flood waters very much differs from water composition during low-water events. Aquatic chemistry of flood waters also is of importance at the calculation of loadings as well as they might have major impact on water quality in receiving water bodies (lakes, coastal waters and seas). Further flood regime of rivers is subjected to changes due to climate change and growing impact of human activities. The aim of this study is to analyse water chemical composition changes during flood events in respect to low water periods, character of high-water events and characteristics of the corresponding basin. Within this study, the concentrations of major dissolved substances in the major rivers of Latvia have been studied using monitoring data as well as field studies during high water/ low water events. As territories of studies flows of substances in river basins/subbasins with different land-use character and different anthropogenic impacts has been studied to calculate export values depending on the land-use character. Impact of relations between dissolved substances and relations in respect to budgets has been calculated. The dynamics of DOC, nutrient and major dissolved substance flows depending on landuse pattern and soil properties in Latvia has been described, including emissions by industrial and agricultural production. In these changes evidently climate change signals can be identified. The water chemistry of a large number of rivers during flood events has been determined and the possible impact of water chemical composition on DOC and nutrient flows has been evaluated. Long-term changes (1977-2013) of concentrations of dissolved substances do not follow linear trends but rather show oscillating patterns, indicating impact of natural factors, e.g. changing hydrological and climatic conditions. There is a positive correlation between content of inert dissolved substances and water discharge. This study did not reveal a clear correlation between the concentrations of dissolved substances and land-use types within the river basin. Conclusions in respect to calculation needed for loading calculations has been done. Acknowledgement: support from a Latvia Science Council grant "Stability of climate system and its impacts on water quality limiting biogeochemical flows in Latvia"

7 CFR 319.59-3 - Articles prohibited importation pending risk evaluation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Libya, Lithuania, Moldova, Morocco, Nepal, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan... Korea, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, and Venezuela. [70 FR 8231, Feb. 18, 2005, as amended at 70 FR 71212, Nov...

7 CFR 319.59-3 - Articles prohibited importation pending risk evaluation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Libya, Lithuania, Moldova, Morocco, Nepal, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan... Korea, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, and Venezuela. [70 FR 8231, Feb. 18, 2005, as amended at 70 FR 71212, Nov...

7 CFR 319.59-3 - Articles prohibited importation pending risk evaluation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Libya, Lithuania, Moldova, Morocco, Nepal, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan... Korea, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, and Venezuela. [70 FR 8231, Feb. 18, 2005, as amended at 70 FR 71212, Nov...

Healthcare financing reform in Latvia: switching from social health insurance to NHS and back?

PubMed

Mitenbergs, Uldis; Brigis, Girts; Quentin, Wilm

2014-11-01

In the 1990s, Latvia aimed at introducing Social Health Insurance (SHI) but later changed to a National Health Service (NHS) type system. The NHS is financed from general taxation, provides coverage to the entire population, and pays for a basic service package purchased from independent public and private providers. In November 2013, the Cabinet of Ministers passed a draft Healthcare Financing Law, aiming at increasing public expenditures on health by introducing Compulsory Health Insurance (CHI) and linking entitlement to health services to the payment of income tax. Opponents of the reform argue that linking entitlement to health services to the payment of income tax does not have the potential to increase public expenditures on health but that it can contribute to compromising universal coverage and access to health services of certain population groups. In view of strong opposition, it is unlikely that the law will be adopted before parliamentary elections in October 2014. Nevertheless, the discussion around the law is interesting because of three main reasons: (1) it can illustrate why the concept of SHI remains attractive - not only for Latvia but also for other countries, (2) it shows that a change from NHS to SHI does not imply major institutional reforms, and (3) it demonstrates the potential problems of introducing SHI, i.e. of linking entitlement to health services to the payment of contributions. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Mortality of children under five and prevalence of newborn congenital anomalies in relation to macroeconomic and socioeconomic factors in Latvia.

PubMed

Ebela, Inguna; Zile, Irisa; Zakis, Aleksandrs; Folkmanis, Valdis; Rumba-Rozenfelde, Ingrida

2011-01-01

Mortality of infants and children younger than 5 years is a globally recognized and broad national welfare indicator. Scientific literature has data on the correlation of mortality indicators with macroeconomic indicators. It is important to study the associations between prevalence and mortality indicators and socioeconomic factors, since deaths from congenital anomalies account for approximately 25%-30% of all deaths in infancy. The aim of the study was to analyze the overall trend in mortality of infants and young children aged 0 to 4 years in relation to macroeconomic factors in Latvia and prevalence of congenital anomalies in newborns in relation to socioeconomic factors. The Newborns' Register and Causes of Death Register were used as data sources; data on specific socioeconomic factors were retrieved from the Central Statistics Office. The results of the study show a strong correlation between mortality in children younger than 5 years and gross domestic product, as well as health budget in LVL per capita and the national unemployment level. The average decrease in infant mortality from congenital anomalies in Latvia was found to be 6.8 cases per 100,000 live births. There is a strong correlation between child mortality and socioeconomic situation in the country. There is a need to analyze the data on child mortality in a transnational context on a regular basis and studying the correlations between child mortality indicators and socioeconomic indicators and health care management parameters.

Semi-automated non-invasive diagnostics method for melanoma differentiation from nevi and pigmented basal cell carcinomas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lihacova, I.; Bolocko, K.; Lihachev, A.

2017-12-01

The incidence of skin cancer is still increasing mostly in in industrialized countries with light- skinned people. Late tumour detection is the main reason of the high mortality associated with skin cancer. The accessibility of early diagnostics of skin cancer in Latvia is limited by several factors, such as high cost of dermatology services, long queues on state funded oncologist examinations, as well as inaccessibility of oncologists in the countryside regions - this is an actual clinical problem. The new strategies and guidelines for skin cancer early detection and post-surgical follow-up intend to realize the full body examination (FBE) by primary care physicians (general practitioners, interns) in combination with classical dermoscopy. To implement this approach, a semi- automated method was established. Developed software analyses the combination of 3 optical density images at 540 nm, 650 nm, and 950 nm from pigmented skin malformations and classifies them into three groups- nevi, pigmented basal cell carcinoma or melanoma.

Psychological variables underlying political orientations in an old and a new democracy: A comparative study between Sweden and Latvia.

PubMed

Dimdins, Girts; Sandgren, Maria; Montgomery, Henry

2016-10-01

This study examines in detail the psychological variables underlying ideological political orientation, and structure and contents of this orientation, in Sweden and Latvia. Individual political orientation is conceptualized on two dimensions: acceptance vs. rejection of social change and acceptance vs. rejection of inequality. Swedish (N = 320) and Latvian (N = 264) participants completed measures of political orientation, Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA), self vs. other orientation, tolerance for ambiguity, humanism and normativism, core political values, system justification, as well as moral foundations questionnaire and portrait values questionnaire. The results showed that the relation among the measured variables was similar in both samples. Swedish participants showed stronger endorsement of egalitarian attitudes and social values, whereas we found more self-enhancing and socially conservative values and attitudes among the Latvian participants. © 2016 Scandinavian Psychological Associations and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Neoliberal austerity and corporate crime: the collapse of the Maxima supermarket in Riga, Latvia.

PubMed

Woolfson, Charles; Juska, Arunas

2014-01-01

The roof collapse of the Maxima supermarket in Riga, Latvia on November 21, 2013 left 54 dead. This analysis identifies the disaster as a "safety crime." Neoliberal deregulatory measures, intensified by the global economic and financial crisis and a programme of radical austerity, together with corporate and state disregard of public safety and well-being, combined to produce the disaster. The wider context and underlying causes of catastrophic safety failure exemplify the inherently contradictory character of the neoliberal "Baltic model" of austerity, recently much in vogue with international policymakers in both Europe and the United States. The authors conclude that the current renewed drive by the European Commission towards reducing regulation for business, especially in the aftermath of the crisis, further justifies longstanding anti-regulatory preferences of neoliberal domestic elites, with the result that the costs of disregard for public safety are externalized onto the general populace.

Using TQM and ISO 9000 Principles in Assuring Education Service Quality

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-01-01

This paper describes Riga Aviation University's (Latvia) movement from a strongly regulated and controlled professional education program to a system of contract relations with students as Education Service customers. This period demanded, first, a s...

9 CFR 94.11 - Restrictions on importation of meat and other animal products from specified regions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Latvia... by adding the words, “Republic of Korea,” after the word “Japan,”, effective Jan. 12, 2010. ...

Land cover mapping in Latvia using hyperspectral airborne and simulated Sentinel-2 data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jakovels, Dainis; Filipovs, Jevgenijs; Brauns, Agris; Taskovs, Juris; Erins, Gatis

2016-08-01

Land cover mapping in Latvia is performed as part of the Corine Land Cover (CLC) initiative every six years. The advantage of CLC is the creation of a standardized nomenclature and mapping protocol comparable across all European countries, thereby making it a valuable information source at the European level. However, low spatial resolution and accuracy, infrequent updates and expensive manual production has limited its use at the national level. As of now, there is no remote sensing based high resolution land cover and land use services designed specifically for Latvia which would account for the country's natural and land use specifics and end-user interests. The European Space Agency launched the Sentinel-2 satellite in 2015 aiming to provide continuity of free high resolution multispectral satellite data thereby presenting an opportunity to develop and adapted land cover and land use algorithm which accounts for national enduser needs. In this study, land cover mapping scheme according to national end-user needs was developed and tested in two pilot territories (Cesis and Burtnieki). Hyperspectral airborne data covering spectral range 400-2500 nm was acquired in summer 2015 using Airborne Surveillance and Environmental Monitoring System (ARSENAL). The gathered data was tested for land cover classification of seven general classes (urban/artificial, bare, forest, shrubland, agricultural/grassland, wetlands, water) and sub-classes specific for Latvia as well as simulation of Sentinel-2 satellite data. Hyperspectral data sets consist of 122 spectral bands in visible to near infrared spectral range (356-950 nm) and 100 bands in short wave infrared (950-2500 nm). Classification of land cover was tested separately for each sensor data and fused cross-sensor data. The best overall classification accuracy 84.2% and satisfactory classification accuracy (more than 80%) for 9 of 13 classes was obtained using Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier with 109 band hyperspectral data. Grassland and agriculture land demonstrated lowest classification accuracy in pixel based approach, but result significantly improved by looking at agriculture polygons registered in Rural Support Service data as objects. The test of simulated Sentinel-2 bands for land cover mapping using SVM classifier showed 82.8% overall accuracy and satisfactory separation of 7 classes. SVM provided highest overall accuracy 84.2% in comparison to 75.9% for k-Nearest Neighbor and 79.2% Linear Discriminant Analysis classifiers.

Living in Latvia after stroke: the association between functional, social and personal factors and the level of self-perceived disability-a cross-sectional study.

PubMed

Bērziņa, Guna; Smilškalne, Baiba; Vētra, Anita; Sunnerhagen, Katharina S

2016-06-24

To investigate how functional, social and personal factors are associated with self-perceived level of disability in the chronic phase of stroke in a Latvian stroke population. The consequences of stroke can vary greatly and often leads to long-term disability that, according to the WHO definitions, depends on the interaction between the person and his/her context. Cross-sectional study with retrospective data gathering. Community-dwelling persons who received specialised in-patient rehabilitation after stroke in Latvia. Of 600 persons after stroke who were identified through hospital register and selected for the study, 255 were included in the analysis. The medical information and discharge data of the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) was extracted from medical records. Participants filled out a questionnaire on sociodemographic information and the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), either in Latvian or Russian, depending on their wish when contacted for their oral agreement to participate. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was conducted to find a model that best explains the variance in WHODAS 2.0 scores. The models explained 23-43.5% of variance in outcomes. The best explained WHODAS 2.0 domains were 'mobility' and 'self-care'. The significant factors were level of independence in 'self-care', 'locomotion' and 'communication' according to FIM, as well as working status, time since rehabilitation, age, gender, living alone or in family and preferred language. Functional, social and personal factors are of similar importance when explaining self-perceived disability in the chronic phase of stroke. Some, but not all, of the factors are modifiable by the healthcare system. Therefore, a complex approach and involvement of medical, social and political systems is needed. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

Preface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jakovics, A.

2007-06-01

The International Scientific Colloquium "Modelling for Material Processing" took place last year on June 8-9. It was the fourth time the colloquium was organized. The first colloquium took place in 1999. All colloquia were organized by the University of Latvia together with Leibniz University of Hannover (Germany) that signifies a long-term tradition (since 1988) of scientific cooperation between researchers of these two universities in the field of electrothermal process modelling. During the last colloquium scientific reports in the field of mathematical modelling in industrial electromagnetic applications for different materials (liquid metals, semiconductor technology, porous materials, melting of oxides and inductive heating) were presented. 70 researchers from 10 countries attended the colloquium. The contributions included about 30 oral presentations and 12 posters. The most illustrative presentations (oral and poster) in the field of MHD were selected for publication in a special issue of the international journal "Magnetohydrodynamics". Traditionally, many reports of the colloquium discuss the problems of MHD methods and devices applied to the metallurgical technologies and processes of semiconductor crystal growth. The new results illustrate the influence of combined electromagnetic fields on the hydrodynamics and heat/mass transfer in melts. The presented reports demonstrate that the models for simulation of turbulent liquid metal flows in melting furnaces, crystallization of alloys and single crystal growth in electromagnetic fields have become much more complex. The adequate description of occurring physical phenomena and the use of high performance computer and clusters allow to reduce the number of experiments in industrial facilities. The use of software and computers for modelling technological and environmental processes has a very long history at the University of Latvia. The first modelling activities in the field of industrial MHD applications had led to the establishment of the chair of Electrodynamics and Continuum Mechanics in 1970, the first head of which was professor Juris Mikelsons. In the early 90's, when all research institutions in our country underwent dramatic changes, not all research directions and institutions managed to adapt successfully to the new conditions. Fortunately, the people who were involved in computer modelling of physical processes were among the most successful. First, the existing and newly established contacts in Western Europe were used actively to reorient the applied researches in the directions actively studied at the universities and companies, which were the partners of the University of Latvia. As a result, research groups involved in these activities successfully joined the international effort related to the application of computer models to industrial processes, and the scientific laboratory for Mathematical Modelling of Environmental and Technological Processes was founded in 1994. The second direction of modelling development was related to the application of computer-based models for the environmental and technological processes (e.g., sediment transport in harbours, heat transfer in building constructions) that were important for the companies and state institutions in Latvia. Currently, the field of engineering physics, the core of which is the computer modelling of technological and environmental processes, is one of the largest and most successfully developing parts of researches and educational programs at the Department of Physics of the University of Latvia with very good perspectives in the future for the development of new technologies and knowledge transfer.

9 CFR 94.11 - Restrictions on importation of meat and other animal products from specified regions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Namibia (excluding the region north... by adding the words, “Republic of Korea,” after the word “Japan,”, effective Jan. 12, 2010. At 75 FR...

Biofuels in transport sector of Latvia: experience, current status and barriers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smigins, R.; Shipkovs, P.

2014-02-01

During the last 10 years biofuel production and utilization in the European Union have become more extensive owing to support provided by the relevant EU Directives. Achievement of the main targets defined by Directives was not simple, being confronted with various barriers. Latvia is one of the EU member-countries that have set an ambitious goal as to the production of biofuel and its use in transport. The authors summarize the major achievements of the country in this area and analyze the main barriers to implementation of biofuels in the transport sector, providing an outlook on the current status of the bioenergy and the transport situation in Latvia. Pēdējo 10 gadu laikā biodegvielu ražošana un izmantošana ES ir kļuvusi daudz plašāka, pateicoties spēcīgam Direktīvu atbalstam. Galveno Direktīvu definēto mērķu sasniegšana nebija viegla un saskārās ar dažādiem sarežģījumiem. Latvija ir viena no ES valstīm, kas uzstādīja ambiciozu mērķi biodegvielu ražošanā un tālākā šīs degvielas izmantošanā transportā. Dotais raksts dod ieskatu galvenajos valsts sasniegumos šajā sfērā, kā arī analizē galvenās barjeras, kas traucē biodegvielu ieviešanu transporta sektorā. Tāpat tiek dots ieskats uz valsts esošo situāciju enerģētikā un transportā.

Inequalities in utilisation of general practitioner and specialist services in 9 European countries.

PubMed

Stirbu, Irina; Kunst, Anton E; Mielck, Andreas; Mackenbach, Johan P

2011-10-31

The aim of this study is to describe the magnitude of educational inequalities in utilisation of general practitioner (GP) and specialist services in 9 European countries. In addition to West European countries, we have included 3 Eastern European countries: Hungary, Estonia and Latvia. To cover the gap in knowledge we pay a special attention to the magnitude of inequalities among patients with chronic conditions. Data on the use of GP and specialist services were derived from national health surveys of Belgium, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Latvia, the Netherlands and Norway. For each country and education level we calculated the absolute prevalence and relative inequalities in utilisation of GP and specialist services. In order to account for the need for care, the results were adjusted by the measure of self-assessed health. People with lower education used GP services equally often in most countries (except Belgium and Germany) compared with those with a higher level of education. At the same time people with a higher education used specialist care services significantly more often in all countries, except in the Netherlands. The general pattern of educational inequalities in utilisation of specialist care was similar for both men and women. Inequalities in utilisation of specialist care were equally large in Eastern European and in Western European countries, except for Latvia where the inequalities were somewhat larger. Similarly, large inequalities were found in the utilisation of specialist care among patients with chronic diseases, diabetes, and hypertension. We found large inequalities in the utilisation of specialist care. These inequalities were not compensated by utilisation of GP services. Of particular concern is the presence of inequalities among patients with a high need for specialist care, such as those with chronic diseases. © 2011 Stirbu et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Effect of crop rotation on soil nutrient balance and weediness in soddy podzolic organic farming fields

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zarina, Livija; Zarina, Liga

2017-04-01

The nutrient balance in different crop rotations under organic cropping system has been investigated in Latvia at the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Economics since 2006. Latvia is located in a humid and moderate climatic region where the rainfall exceeds evaporation (soil moisture coefficient > 1) and the soil moisture regime is characteristic with percolation. The average annual precipitation is 670-850 mm. The average temperature varies from -6.7° C in January to 16.5 °C in July. The growing season is 175 - 185 days. The most widespread are podzolic soils and mainly they are present in agricultural fields in all regions of Latvia. In a wider sense the goal of the soil management in organic farming is a creation of the biologically active flora and fauna in the soil by maintaining a high level of soil organic matter which is good for crops nutrient balance. Crop rotation is a central component of organic farming systems and has many benefits, including growth of soil microbial activity, which may increase nutrient availability. The aim of the present study was to calculate nutrient balance for each crop in the rotations and average in each rotation. Taking into account that crop rotations can limit build-up of weeds, additionally within the ERA-net CORE Organic Plus transnational programs supported project PRODIVA the information required for a better utilization of crop diversification for weed management in North European organic arable cropping systems was summarized. It was found that the nutrient balance was influenced by nutrients uptake by biomass of growing crops in crop rotation. The number of weeds in the organic farming fields with crop rotation is dependent on the cultivated crops and the succession of crops in the crop rotation.

Roosters to Robots.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCorkle, Sarapage, Ed.; Suiter, Mary, Ed.

This publication contains six lessons for elementary, secondary, and high school classrooms developed by writers from Belarus, Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Ukraine, and the United States. The authors of these lessons were participants in the Training of Writers program developed and conducted by the National Council on Economic Education,…

The role of the legislative and regulatory branches in promoting the use of geothermal energy in Latvia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Skapare, I.; Kreslins, A.; Cers, A.

2016-09-01

Latvia currently is self-sufficient in energy resources up to approximately 35 %. Annual fossil energy prices rise and risks of security of energy supply promote the development legislation in the matter of renewable resources. One of the Latvian Ministry of Economics' recent products is a new draft law called the "Renewable Energy Law", which has been created due to one of the European Union and Latvian national energy policy objectives: to increase the share of renewable energy up to 40 % by 2020 (Moore and Vanags, 2012). Currently, geothermal energy potential is assessed at 1 × 1013 kWh; nevertheless, it is difficult for geothermal energy to compete with other renewable energy resources in the Latvian energy market. A great job has been done in recent years at the legislative branch to choose the right methods for supporting the use of renewable energy resources. This paper aims is analysis of current situation and assessment of Latvian legislation possibilities to promote the use of geothermal energy.

GNSS Network Time Series Analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balodis, J.; Janpaule, I.; Haritonova, D.; Normand, M.; Silabriedis, G.; Zarinjsh, A.; Zvirgzds, J.

2012-04-01

Time series of GNSS station results of both the EUPOS®-RIGA and LATPOS networks has been developed at the Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation (University of Latvia) using Bernese v.5.0 software. The base stations were selected among the EPN and IGS stations in surroundings of Latvia. In various day solutions the base station selection has been miscellaneous. Most frequently 5 - 8 base stations were selected from a set of stations {BOR1, JOEN, JOZE, MDVJ, METS, POLV, PULK, RIGA, TORA, VAAS, VISO, VLNS}. The rejection of "bad base stations" was performed by Bernese software depending on the quality of proper station data in proper day. This caused a reason of miscellaneous base station selection in various days. The results of time series are analysed. The question aroused on the nature of some outlying situations. The seasonal effect of the behaviour of the network has been identified when distance and elevation changes between stations has been analysed. The dependence from various influences has been recognised.

Immunogenetic Markers Definition in Latvian Patients with Lyme Borreliosis and Lyme Neuroborreliosis

PubMed Central

Kovalchuka, Lilija; Cvetkova, Svetlana; Trofimova, Julija; Eglite, Jelena; Gintere, Sandra; Lucenko, Irina; Oczko-Grzesik, Barbara; Viksna, Ludmila; Krumina, Angelika

2016-01-01

The aim of this study was to determine the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 alleles in two groups of patients in Latvia: patients with Lyme borreliosis and patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis. The study included 216 patients with Lyme borreliosis, 29 patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis and 282 control persons. All surveyed persons were residents of Latvia. The HLA-DR genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction- sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP). The predisposition to the Lyme borreliosis is associated with the HLA-DRB1*07, -DRB1*17(03), -DRB1*04, -DRB1*15(02) alleles. The allele -DRB1*11(05), -DRB1*14(06) and -DRB1*13(06) were significantly more frequent in controls. In-group with Lyme neuroborreliosis differences were found for the -DRB1*07 and -DRB1*04 alleles, but only HLA-DRB1*07 allele was statistically significant after Bonferroni correction and associated with Lyme neuroborreliosis in Latvian patients. PMID:27916969

Immunogenetic Markers Definition in Latvian Patients with Lyme Borreliosis and Lyme Neuroborreliosis.

PubMed

Kovalchuka, Lilija; Cvetkova, Svetlana; Trofimova, Julija; Eglite, Jelena; Gintere, Sandra; Lucenko, Irina; Oczko-Grzesik, Barbara; Viksna, Ludmila; Krumina, Angelika

2016-12-01

The aim of this study was to determine the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 alleles in two groups of patients in Latvia: patients with Lyme borreliosis and patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis. The study included 216 patients with Lyme borreliosis, 29 patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis and 282 control persons. All surveyed persons were residents of Latvia. The HLA-DR genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction- sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP). The predisposition to the Lyme borreliosis is associated with the HLA-DRB1*07, -DRB1*17(03), -DRB1*04, -DRB1*15(02) alleles. The allele -DRB1*11(05), -DRB1*14(06) and -DRB1*13(06) were significantly more frequent in controls. In-group with Lyme neuroborreliosis differences were found for the -DRB1*07 and -DRB1*04 alleles, but only HLA-DRB1*07 allele was statistically significant after Bonferroni correction and associated with Lyme neuroborreliosis in Latvian patients.

Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of aminoglycoside-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Latvia.

PubMed

Bauskenieks, Matiss; Pole, Ilva; Skenders, Girts; Jansone, Inta; Broka, Lonija; Nodieva, Anda; Ozere, Iveta; Kalvisa, Adrija; Ranka, Renate; Baumanis, Viesturs

2015-03-01

Mutations causing resistance to aminoglycosides, such as kanamycin (KAN), amikacin (AMK), and streptomycin, are not completely understood. In this study, polymorphisms of aminoglycoside resistance influencing genes such as rrs, eis, rpsL, and gidB in 41 drug-resistant and 17 pan-sensitive Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates in Latvia were analyzed. Mutation A1400G in rrs gene was detected in 92% isolates with high resistance level to KAN and diverse MIC level to AMK. Mutations in promoter region of eis were detected in 80% isolates with low-level MIC of KAN. The association of K43R mutation in rpsL gene, a mutation in the rrs gene at position 513, and various polymorphisms in gidB gene with distinct genetic lineages of M. tuberculosis was observed. The results of this study suggest that association of different controversial mutations of M. tuberculosis genes to the drug resistance phenotype should be done in respect to genetic lineages. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

English Language Spread in Local Contexts: Turkey, Latvia and France

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Uysal, Hacer Hande; Plakans, Lia; Dembovskaya, Svetlana

2007-01-01

In the discussion of English language spread policies, scholars have taken various viewpoints. One approach concerns the "diffusion-of-English" and "language ecology" paradigms, which distinguish externally dominant English spread and resistance to this hegemony. Others have questioned this approach, and proposed that English…

Defense Horizons. Number 79, April 2015

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-04-01

constantly cycling several destroyers or frigates to patrol the Black Sea, such rotations and U.S. presence would surely draw a severely caustic response...this money has been, or will be, spent on reinforcing U.S. garrisons in Poland, Estonia, and Latvia and conducting military exercises with Eastern

Who Loves Prescriptivism and Why? Some Aspects of Language Correctness in Latvia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Strelevica-Ošina, Dace

2016-01-01

Taking into account the crosscultural differences in prescriptive attitudes in various linguistic communities, a theory of three types of prescriptivism--human-oriented, language-oriented, and error-oriented prescriptivism--has been offered [Strelevica-Ošina, Dace. [2011] 2012. "Kapec mes gribam, lai valoda ir pareiza? Ieskats preskriptivisma…

The Transformation of Traditional Universities into Entrepreneurial Universities to Ensure Sustainable Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bikse, Veronika; Lusena-Ezera, Inese; Rivza, Baiba; Volkova, Tatjana

2016-01-01

This paper aims to investigate the experience and to identify the drivers of transforming traditional universities into Entrepreneurial Universities for ensuring sustainable higher education in Latvia. Due to the wide scope, Entrepreneurial University characteristics, the present research study is limited and focuses on the university providing…

Hot and Cold Ethnicities in the Baltic States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ehala, Martin; Zabrodskaja, Anastassia

2014-01-01

The article discusses the temperatures of the main ethnic groups in the Baltic states: Estonians, Latvians, Lithuanians, and their three Russian-speaking communities, and the Latgalian and Polish minority groups in Latvia and Lithuania, respectively. The study uses a triangulated methodology that includes a survey questionnaire for quantitative…

STEM Education Policies and Their Impact on the Labour Market in Latvia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kiselova, Rita; Gravite, Aija

2017-01-01

This paper explores the results of implementing the state education policy aimed at satisfying the labour market demand for engineering and medicine specialists via strengthening STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) education both in schools and higher education. [For the complete Volume 15 proceedings, see ED574185.

Michigan field artillery's 'Blackjacks' training in Latvia > National Guard

Science.gov Websites

Sustainability Training ARNG Distributed Learning Program Training & Technology Battle Lab (T3BL) Civil Support Simulation Exercises Regional Training Site Maintenance Battle Focused Training Strategy Battle Staff Training Resources News Publications Civic Leader's Guide ARNG Vision 2020 Posture Statement

Operation Atlantic Resolve

Science.gov Websites

Ukraine, Defense Secretary Ash Carter told service members aboard the USS San Antonio in Estonia. Story . Story U.S. Soldiers, Airmen Train With Latvian Service Members U.S. and Latvian troops conducted airborne training in Latvia while supporting Operation Atlantic Resolve, which focuses on joint training

Lifelong Learning Strategies and Practice in Latvia and Thailand

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Luka, Ineta; Sungsri, Sumalee

2015-01-01

The importance of lifelong learning has been recognized for many years and consequently many countries, disregarding their geographical location, differences in education systems and traditions, have adopted their lifelong learning policies to develop the lifelong learning system. The goal of the present comparative research is to study the…

Communicative Approach to Inclusive Education in Pre-School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kraukle, Sandra

2015-01-01

The understanding of the basic principles of inclusive education motivates the inclusion of children with special needs in general education schools. The paper presents the process of implementing inclusive education in Latvia and the teachers' and parents' understanding of the role of communication in including children with special needs,…

Investing in Youth: Latvia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

OECD Publishing, 2015

2015-01-01

The series Investing in Youth builds on the expertise of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) on youth employment, social support and skills. It covers both OECD countries and countries in the process of accession to the OECD, as well as some emerging economies. This report provides a detailed diagnosis of the youth…

Congratulating the Baltic nations of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania on the 20th anniversary of their declarations on the restoration of independence from the Soviet Union.

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Rep. Shimkus, John [R-IL-19

2010-04-26

Senate - 12/08/2010 Received in the Senate and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status Agreed to in HouseHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Qualifications at Level 5: Progressing in a Career or to Higher Education. Working Paper No 23

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grm, Slava Pevec; Bjørnåvold, Jens

2014-01-01

This study addresses qualifications at level 5 of the European qualifications framework (EQF) in 15 countries (Belgium (Flanders), the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Ireland, France, Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, the United Kingdom (EWNI and Scotland) that had linked their national…

Subjective Vitality and Patterns of Acculturation: Four Cases

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ehala, Martin; Vedernikova, Elena

2015-01-01

The article presents a comparative analysis of the subjective vitalities (SVs) of the minority groups of Latvia (Russian-speakers), Lithuania (Russian-speakers and Poles) and Mari El (Maris) in the Russian Federation, with a particular focus on the Mari case. The same extended version of the SV questionnaire was used in quantitative surveys in all…

Language Policy and the Internationalization of Higher Education in the Baltic Countries

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kaša, Rita; Mhamed, Ali Ait Si

2013-01-01

In the framework of the internationalization and globalization of higher education and competition for international students, the paper examines how language policy in higher education shapes the provision of study programs in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. It concludes that study programs in the Baltic states mostly follow the convention of a…

Coast Guard Polar Icebreaker Modernization: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-02

China 1 (+0 +1) 1 Japan 1 1 Australia 1 1 Chile 1 1 Latvia 1 1 South Korea 1 1 South Africa 1 1 Argentina...Than Requested for FY 2013,” HSToday.us, May 10, 2012, accessed May 31, 2012, at http://www.hstoday.us/focused-topics/customs- immigration /single

Examining Trends in Parent-Child Communication in Europe over 12 Years

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tabak, Izabela; Mazur, Joanna; Granado Alcon, Maria del Carmen; Orkenyi, Agota; Zaborskis, Apolinaras; Aasvee, Katrin; Moreno, Carmen

2012-01-01

The aim of this study was to analyze changes in communication with parents about matters of concern to 11- and 13-year olds. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) surveys conducted in Austria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, Norway, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, and…

Fostering Intercultural Dialogue in Tourism Studies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Luka, Ineta

2011-01-01

One of the key issues that higher education has to face nowadays is how to educate versatile, creative and knowledgeable specialists who are able to work in the modern multicultural environment. The present study was conducted from May to December 2009 in the fourth-largest tertiary education institution in Latvia providing higher education in…

Distance Education in Higher Education in Latvia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vasilevska, Daina

2012-01-01

For a modern society it is common to have a new point of view about education, which changes functional role of system of education and makes it an integrative social institution. The process of globalization in all spheres of public life makes implementation of the task of continuing education of the population a necessity. The Education…

The Role of Army Railroading at the Operational Level of War

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-05-15

Denmar China France Indonesia German,, Iran Greece Iraq Hungary Israel Italy Japan Latvia V< orea Li thuani a Lebanon Lu>c emo our g Saudi Arabia...Battalion -.. Pecan Street Jacksonville, Florida 7-2211-8719 Captain Horam Simpk ins U.S. Army Logistics Center ATTN: ATCL-E Fort Lee, Virginia 28:1

2012 National Guard Bureau Posture Statement

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

Illinois / Poland Indiana / Slovakia Kansas / Armenia Maine/ Montenegro Maryland / Estonia Maryland / Bosnia Michigan / Latvia Minnesota / Croatia New Jersey...alternative methods of planting to help increase crop production in the area. 2012 Posture Statement 19 Global Engagement State Partnership...horticulture ( plant cultivation), pest control, veterinary/animal husbandry techniques, civil engineering, and energy management. As a result of the

Short Cycle Higher Education Development in Latvia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Luce, Intra

2017-01-01

Education plays an important role in the economy and everyday life since economic well-being largely depends on the knowledge, skills and proficiency of the labour force. Thanks to the Bologna reforms, students and graduates are able to move freely throughout the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) where qualifications are recognised as well as…

Students' Perception of the "Others" in Ethnic Separated School Systems: Implications for Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nedelcu, Anca; Iucu, Romita; Ciolan, Lucian

2011-01-01

This article analyzes qualitative data obtained from focus groups with students learning in schools with a majority and minority language of instruction from Estonia, Latvia, Romania, and Slovakia. The focus groups were developed within the framework of the project "Divided Education, Divided Citizens?" conducted by the Network of…

Report from the European Prison Education Association

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Behan, Cormac

2008-01-01

Since the last edition of the Journal, the European Prison Education Association (EPEA) has been officially elected a member of the European Association for the Education of Adults (EAEA) at EAEA's General Assembly held at the University of Latvia in Riga. The EAEA is the largest umbrella organization in Europe advocating lifelong learning. It is…

77 FR 45589 - Initiation of Five-Year (“Sunset”) Review and Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-01

...) and 70 FR 62061 (October 28, 2005). Guidance on methodological or analytical issues relevant to the... Modification, 77 FR 8101 (February 14, 2012). Correction of Case Number From Previous Sunset Review Initiation... Department case number for the antidumping duty order on steel concrete reinforcing bars from Latvia. The...

Competitiveness and Quality of Higher Education: Graduates' Evaluation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bikse, Veronika; Rivza, Baiba; Brence, Ieva

2013-01-01

The aim of the paper is to find the competitiveness of Latvian university graduates in Latvia and the European Union labour market concerning aspects of entrepreneurship education. To achieve the purpose of this study to determine the competitive and qualitative levels of Latvian universities and necessary improvements that need to be made, a…

FSU/Eastern Europe: Russia spearheads small upturn

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1996-08-01

The paper discusses the political and legal scene in Russia, domestic restructuring, exploration, drilling, development by Western companies and by Russian companies, and production. Exploration and development in Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Serbia are also discussed.

U.S. Department of Energy physical protection upgrades at the Latvian Academy of Sciences Nuclear Research Center, Latvia

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Haase, M.; Hine, C.; Robertson, C.

1996-12-31

Approximately five years ago, the Safe, Secure Dismantlement program was started between the US and countries of the Former Soviet Union (FSU). The purpose of the program is to accelerate progress toward reducing the risk of nuclear weapons proliferation, including such threats as theft, diversion, and unauthorized possession of nuclear materials. This would be accomplished by strengthening the material protection, control, and accounting systems within the FSU countries. Under the US Department of Energy`s program of providing cooperative assistance to the FSU countries in the areas of Material Protection, Control, and Accounting (MPC and A), the Latvian Academy of Sciencesmore » Nuclear Research Center (LNRC) near Riga, Latvia, was identified as a candidate site for a cooperative MPC and A project. The LNRC is the site of a 5-megawatt IRT-C pool-type research reactor. This paper describes: the process involved, from initial contracting to project completion, for the physical protection upgrades now in place at the LNRC; the intervening activities; and a brief overview of the technical aspects of the upgrades.« less

Development of the One Centimeter Accuracy Geoid Model of Latvia for GNSS Measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balodis, J.; Silabriedis, G.; Haritonova, D.; Kaļinka, M.; Janpaule, I.; Morozova, K.; Jumāre, I.; Mitrofanovs, I.; Zvirgzds, J.; Kaminskis, J.; Liepiņš, I.

2015-11-01

There is an urgent necessity for a highly accurate and reliable geoid model to enable prompt determination of normal height with the use of GNSS coordinate determination due to the high precision requirements in geodesy, building and high precision road construction development. Additionally, the Latvian height system is in the process of transition from BAS- 77 (Baltic Height System) to EVRS2007 system. The accuracy of the geoid model must approach the precision of about ∼1 cm looking forward to the Baltic Rail and other big projects. The use of all the available and verified data sources is planned, including the use of enlarged set of GNSS/levelling data, gravimetric measurement data and, additionally, the vertical deflection measurements over the territory of Latvia. The work is going ahead stepwise. Just the issue of GNSS reference network stability is discussed. In order to achieve the ∼1 cm precision geoid, it is required to have a homogeneous high precision GNSS network as a basis for ellipsoidal height determination for GNSS/levelling points. Both the LatPos and EUPOS® - Riga network have been examined in this article.

Earth's Surface Displacements from the GPS Time Series

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Haritonova, D.; Balodis, J.; Janpaule, I.; Morozova, K.

2015-11-01

The GPS observations of both Latvian permanent GNSS networks - EUPOS®-Riga and LatPos, have been collected for a period of 8 years - from 2007 to 2014. Local surface displacements have been derived from the obtained coordinate time series eliminating different impact sources. The Bernese software is used for data processing. The EUREF Permanent Network (EPN) stations in the surroundings of Latvia are selected as fiducial stations. The results have shown a positive tendency of vertical displacements in the western part of Latvia - station heights are increasing, and negative velocities are observed in the central and eastern parts. Station vertical velocities are ranging in diapason of 4 mm/year. In the case of horizontal displacements, site velocities are up to 1 mm/year and mostly oriented to the south. The comparison of the obtained results with data from the deformation model NKG_RF03vel has been made. Additionally, the purpose of this study is to analyse GPS time series obtained using two different data processing strategies: Precise Point Positioning (PPP) and estimation of station coordinates relatively to the positions of fiducial stations also known as Differential GNSS.

PREFACE: 2nd International Conference on Innovative Materials, Structures and Technologies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ručevskis, Sandris

2015-11-01

The 2nd International Conference on Innovative Materials, Structures and Technologies (IMST 2015) took place in Riga, Latvia from 30th September - 2nd October, 2015. The first event of the conference series, dedicated to the 150th anniversary of the Faculty of Civil Engineering of Riga Technical University, was held in 2013. Following the established tradition, the aim of the conference was to promote and discuss the latest results of industrial and academic research carried out in the following engineering fields: analysis and design of advanced structures and buildings; innovative, ecological and energy efficient building materials; maintenance, inspection and monitoring methods; construction technologies; structural management; sustainable and safe transport infrastructure; and geomatics and geotechnics. The conference provided an excellent opportunity for leading researchers, representatives of the industrial community, engineers, managers and students to share the latest achievements, discuss recent advances and highlight the current challenges. IMST 2015 attracted over 120 scientists from 24 countries. After rigorous reviewing, over 80 technical papers were accepted for publication in the conference proceedings. On behalf of the organizing committee I would like to thank all the speakers, authors, session chairs and reviewers for their efficient and timely effort. The 2nd International Conference on Innovative Materials, Structures and Technologies was organized by the Faculty of Civil Engineering of Riga Technical University with the support of the Latvia State Research Programme under the grant agreement "INNOVATIVE MATERIALS AND SMART TECHNOLOGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY, IMATEH". I would like to express sincere gratitude to Juris Smirnovs, Dean of the Faculty of Civil Engineering, and Andris Chate, manager of the Latvia State Research Programme. Finally, I would like to thank all those who helped to make this event happen. Special thanks go to Diana Bajare, Laura Sele, Liga Radina and Jana Galilejeva for their major contribution to organizing the conference and to the literary editor Tatjana Smirnova and technical editor Daira Erdmane for their hard work on the conference proceedings.

The role and uptake of private health insurance in different health care systems: are there lessons for developing countries?

PubMed

Odeyemi, Isaac Ao; Nixon, John

2013-01-01

Social and national health insurance schemes are being introduced in many developing countries in moving towards universal health care. However, gaps in coverage are common and can only be met by out-of-pocket payments, general taxation, or private health insurance (PHI). This study provides an overview of PHI in different health care systems and discusses factors that affect its uptake and equity. A representative sample of countries was identified (United States, United Kingdom, The Netherlands, France, Australia, and Latvia) that illustrates the principal forms and roles of PHI. Literature describing each country's health care system was used to summarize how PHI is utilized and the factors that affect its uptake and equity. In the United States, PHI is a primary source of funding in conjunction with tax-based programs to support vulnerable groups; in the UK and Latvia, PHI is used in a supplementary role to universal tax-based systems; in France and Latvia, complementary PHI is utilized to cover gaps in public funding; in The Netherlands, PHI is supplementary to statutory private and social health insurance; in Australia, the government incentivizes the uptake of complementary PHI through tax rebates and penalties. The uptake of PHI is influenced by age, income, education, health care system typology, and the incentives or disincentives applied by governments. The effect on equity can either be positive or negative depending on the type of PHI adopted and its role within the wider health care system. PHI has many manifestations depending on the type of health care system used and its role within that system. This study has illustrated its common applications and the factors that affect its uptake and equity in different health care systems. The results are anticipated to be helpful in informing how developing countries may utilize PHI to meet the aim of achieving universal health care.

Trichinella britovi biomass in naturally infected pine martens (Martes martes) of Latvia.

PubMed

Kirjušina, Muza; Bakasejevs, Eduards; Pezzotti, Patrizio; Pozio, Edoardo

2016-11-15

Parasites of the genus Trichinella are cosmopolitan nematodes infecting primarily wild animals, which represent the main reservoirs of these zoonotic pathogens. To investigate the transmission patterns of Trichinella spp. from wild to domestic animals and to humans and for the risk assessment of these parasites in a geographical area, it is important to know the number of possible transmission events deriving from carcasses of infected hosts. For this purpose, the evaluation of the larval biomass in reservoir hosts is needed. No data is available on how to estimate the biomass of Trichinella spp. larvae in muscles of naturally infected animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the larval biomass in naturally infected pine martens (Martes martes) of Latvia, in which the prevalence of Trichinella britovi infection was over 50%. Single muscles or group of muscles (abdomen, back, diaphragm, intercostal muscles, muscles from the head, left and right shoulders, lower and upper parts of the forelimbs and hind limbs, neck, rump with tail, and base and tip of the tongue) were collected from five skinned and eviscerated carcasses of T. britovi infected pine martens. Muscles were entirely removed from the bones and weighted. Each muscle or group of muscles was separately digested to detect the larvae per gram (LPG). Using linear regression, the larval burden in each muscle or group of muscles was evaluated to measure the possible prediction of the total animal larval burden (both as total number of larvae and as average LPG). All muscles were significantly predictive of the total burden with high "goodness of fit" (all adjusted R2>0.80; P≤0.01), and the left shoulder provided the highest adjusted R2 (0.999). Then, to estimate the Trichinella britovi biomass in the pine marten population of Latvia, recent literature data on prevalence (56.2%, 95% CI: 47.8-64.3) and geometric mean LPG (1.26, 95% CI: 0.89-1.79) in the limb muscles of a sample representative of the whole Latvian pine marten population, were used. Using the predictive estimated relationship between LPG in the limb and that in the entire animals and by the estimated animal population and their mean total muscle weight, the Trichinella britovi biomass in the pine marten population of Latvia was estimated to be of 6,647,092 (95% CI: 3,840,030-11,100,000) larvae. The assessment of the biomass in nature can help to understand the epidemiological pattern of these pathogens, to implement actions aimed at controlling the infection in target animal species, and to acquire basic information on the complex biology of this group of zoonotic nematodes. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 90.405 - Recorded information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... addition to a pre- and post-test measurement. (4) Recorder chart or equivalent. Identify for each test... applicable. (e) Test data; post-test. (1) Recorder chart or equivalent. Identify the hang-up check. (2...). (4) Barometric pressure, post-test segment. [60 FR 34598, July 13, 1995, as amended at 70 FR 40449...

40 CFR 90.405 - Recorded information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... addition to a pre- and post-test measurement. (4) Recorder chart or equivalent. Identify for each test... applicable. (e) Test data; post-test. (1) Recorder chart or equivalent. Identify the hang-up check. (2...). (4) Barometric pressure, post-test segment. [60 FR 34598, July 13, 1995, as amended at 70 FR 40449...

40 CFR 90.405 - Recorded information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... addition to a pre- and post-test measurement. (4) Recorder chart or equivalent. Identify for each test... applicable. (e) Test data; post-test. (1) Recorder chart or equivalent. Identify the hang-up check. (2...). (4) Barometric pressure, post-test segment. [60 FR 34598, July 13, 1995, as amended at 70 FR 40449...

40 CFR 90.405 - Recorded information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... addition to a pre- and post-test measurement. (4) Recorder chart or equivalent. Identify for each test... applicable. (e) Test data; post-test. (1) Recorder chart or equivalent. Identify the hang-up check. (2...). (4) Barometric pressure, post-test segment. [60 FR 34598, July 13, 1995, as amended at 70 FR 40449...

40 CFR 90.405 - Recorded information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... addition to a pre- and post-test measurement. (4) Recorder chart or equivalent. Identify for each test... applicable. (e) Test data; post-test. (1) Recorder chart or equivalent. Identify the hang-up check. (2...). (4) Barometric pressure, post-test segment. [60 FR 34598, July 13, 1995, as amended at 70 FR 40449...

Evaluation of Sustainable Development in Rural Territories in Latgale Region (Latvia) by Using the Conception of Smart Specialization

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Šipilova, Viktorija; Ostrovska, Inta; Jermolajeva, Elita; Aleksejeva, Ludmila; Olehnovics, Dmitrijs

2017-01-01

One of the approaches to achieve sustainable development is based on smart specialization. Rural areas are of particular importance in ensuring sustainable development, the smart development of which largely determines the balanced sustainable development of a state as a whole. The present study reflects the quantitative and the qualitative…

Environmental Learning in Regions: A Social Capital Based Approach. The Case of Latvia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sechi, Guido; Borri, Dino; De Lucia, Caterina; Celmins, Viesturs

2018-01-01

How do people learn about the environment and behave accordingly? What is the cognitive process at the base of this learning mechanism? The present paper is a pilot work investigating the dynamics of individual environmental knowledge on the basis of social capital theory. Using Tsai and Ghoshal's findings, a well known framework widely accepted…

Sustainability by Education: How Latvian Heritage Was Kept Alive in German Exile

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Franzenburg, Geert

2016-01-01

Sustainability is one of the core challenges for education in modern times, particularly concerning cultural heritage. The study evaluates, from a German point of view, how Latvians outside of Latvia after World War II kept their cultural heritage alive by educational concepts, which can be characterized as early roots of modern sustainable…

Female Leaders in a Radical Right Movement: The Latvian National Front

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stasulane, Anita

2017-01-01

Gender is the central axis around which the transformation of radical right forces is taking place: a new type of movement is emerging which is not excessively masculine. Latvia is experiencing an increase in women's participation in the radical right, the Latvian National Front (LNF) being a vivid example. The development of the LNF was…

Funding Systems and their Effects on Higher Education Systems. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 6

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Strehl, Franz; Reisinger, Sabine; Kalatschan, Michael

2007-01-01

This international study focuses on the funding systems in the area of higher education in the following countries: Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Latvia, Norway, Portugal and Slovak Republic. Each individual country study was designed and conducted within an overall common framework by a project partner from the respective…

Modernisation of Vocational Education and Training in Latvia. National Observatory Country Report, 1999.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Latvian National Observatory, Riga.

The Latvian economy has undergone major changes during transition to a market economy after regaining independence in 1991. The unfavorable world economic situation has caused its growth to fall below potential. The vocational education and training (VET) system has traditionally been school-based. There are 120 VET institutions with a large…

A Sociolinguistic Comparison between Quebec's Charter of the French Language and the 1989 Language Laws of Five Soviet Republics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maurais, Jacques

1991-01-01

Compares the language laws of five Soviet Republics (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldavia, and Kazakhstan) with Quebec's Charter of the French Language along the following lines: proclamation of an official language; the common language in question; language of communication with customers and citizens; language of education; and linguistic…

Transnational Analysis of Vocational Education and Training in the Countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

European Training Foundation, Turin (Italy).

Vocational education and training (VET) in 10 Central and Eastern European countries--Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovak Republic, and Slovenia--was examined. The analysis focused on the following issues: socioeconomic context of VET reforms; VET at the start of reforms; the European Union Phare…

Investigation of Psychometric Properties of the Test for Creative Thinking-Drawing Production: Evidence from Study in Latvia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kalis, Emils; Roke, Liga; Krumina, Indra

2016-01-01

The Test for Creative Thinking-Drawing Production (TCT-DP) is designed as an effective drawing-based instrument for measuring creative potential. Many studies report adaptation efforts in other cultures pointing out good psychometric properties of the instrument nonetheless revealing also some trouble spots. The present study includes adaptation…

Effects of Authoritarianism on the Teaching of National History: The Case of Latvia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abens, Aija

2015-01-01

Recent research on history teaching has begun to focus on political motivation. This paper is the result of the author's dissertation, which investigates Latvian history teaching under the authoritarian regimes of Ulmanis and Stalin. It reveals the effects of authoritarianism on goals, curriculum, teaching materials and methods, and the teacher's…

Inclusion through Access to Outdoor Education: Learning in Motion (LIM)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brodin, Jane

2009-01-01

Learning in Motion (LIM) was a European project involving seven partners in five countries: Sweden, Finland, Latvia, Germany and Greece. The project focused on inclusion and access to outdoor education and was financed by the European Commission within the framework of the Socrates-Grundtvig Programme. The aim of the project was to explore if and…

How Do Engineering Attitudes Vary by Gender and Motivation? Attractiveness of Outreach Science Exhibitions in Four Countries

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Salmi, Hannu; Thuneberg, Helena; Vainikainen, Mari-Pauliina

2016-01-01

Outreach activities, like mobile science exhibitions, give opportunities to hands-on experiences in an attractive learning environment. We analysed attitudes, motivation and learning during a science exhibition visit, their relations to gender and future educational plans in Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Belgium (N = 1210 sixth-graders). Pupils'…

77 FR 39254 - Steel Concrete Reinforcing Bar From Belarus, China, Indonesia, Latvia, Moldova, Poland, and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-02

... conditions or business cycle for the Domestic Like Product that have occurred in the United States or in the..., Deputy Agency Ethics Official, at 202-205-3088. Limited disclosure of business proprietary information... to this Notice of Institution: If you are a domestic producer, union/worker group, or trade/business...

Trade Remedies: A Primer

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-05-01

Turkmenistan Turkey Trinidad Tajikistan Pakistan Philippines Malaysia Lithuania Latvia Estonia Ecuador Czechoslovakia Bangladesh Poland Norway Moldova Iran...while continuing domestic production of more high-end items. Many furniture retailers reportedly became furious with furniture industry petitioners...because they feared that the higher prices caused by possible AD duties would depress sales and result in the layoffs of retail employees. Furniture

22 CFR 42.52 - Post records of visa applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Post records of visa applications. 42.52 Section 42.52 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE VISAS VISAS: DOCUMENTATION OF IMMIGRANTS UNDER THE IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY ACT, AS AMENDED Numerical Controls and Priority Dates § 42.52 Post records of visa...

22 CFR 42.52 - Post records of visa applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Post records of visa applications. 42.52 Section 42.52 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE VISAS VISAS: DOCUMENTATION OF IMMIGRANTS UNDER THE IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY ACT, AS AMENDED Numerical Controls and Priority Dates § 42.52 Post records of visa...

22 CFR 42.52 - Post records of visa applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Post records of visa applications. 42.52 Section 42.52 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE VISAS VISAS: DOCUMENTATION OF IMMIGRANTS UNDER THE IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY ACT, AS AMENDED Numerical Controls and Priority Dates § 42.52 Post records of visa...

22 CFR 42.52 - Post records of visa applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Post records of visa applications. 42.52 Section 42.52 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE VISAS VISAS: DOCUMENTATION OF IMMIGRANTS UNDER THE IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY ACT, AS AMENDED Numerical Controls and Priority Dates § 42.52 Post records of visa...

22 CFR 42.52 - Post records of visa applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Post records of visa applications. 42.52 Section 42.52 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE VISAS VISAS: DOCUMENTATION OF IMMIGRANTS UNDER THE IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY ACT, AS AMENDED Numerical Controls and Priority Dates § 42.52 Post records of visa...

Relationships between In-Service Teacher Achievement Motivation and Use of Educational Technology: Case Study with Latvian and Estonian Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Karaseva, Agnese; Pruulmann-Vengerfeldt, Pille; Siibak, Andra

2018-01-01

This study explored the relationship of in-service teacher achievement goal orientation and practices of educational technology use. Semi-structured individual interviews with secondary school teachers in Latvia (N = 16) and Estonia (N = 10) revealed that the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in pedagogical work and the ways in…

The School Theatre as a Place of Cultural Learning: The Case of Soviet Latvia (1960s-1980s)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kestere, Iveta

2017-01-01

The goal of this article is to reveal how through school theatre activities under authoritarian rule, changes took place in pupil knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviour regarding culture, namely, how the process of cultural learning occurs. I use a historical case study, specifically the case of the Valmiera School Theatre, which was the…

77 FR 64127 - Steel Concrete Reinforcing Bar From Belarus, China, Indonesia, Latvia, Moldova, Poland, and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-18

..., subparts A through E (19 CFR part 201), and part 207, subparts A, D, E, and F (19 CFR part 207). DATES... Investigations, U.S. International Trade Commission, 500 E Street SW., Washington, DC 20436. Hearing-impaired... order of the Commission. Lisa R. Barton, Acting Secretary to the Commission. [FR Doc. 2012-25666 Filed...

Primary School Teachers' Views on a Holistic Approach to Facilitating the Acquisition of Musical Cultural Values

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Badjanova, Jelena

2013-01-01

Recent tendencies in education highlight the need to align the system of general education in Latvia with the tenets of sustainability. In keeping with this broad target orientation, this paper re-examines international and Latvian experiences and perspectives on the application of a holistic approach to the content of primary education. This…

Informationstechnische Weiterbildung Fur Frauen Von Frauen: Internationaler Workshop = Education in Informatics for Women By Women: International Workshop (Hamburg, Germany, November 30-December 3, 1992).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ellebrecht, Ingrid, Ed.; And Others

This document presents workshop results and participants' reports from the international conference "Train the Trainers in Information and Communication Technology." The participants consisted of 18 women and one man from Czechoslovakia, Russia, Latvia, Bulgaria, Romania, Mongolia, Jordan, Egypt, and the Philippines. Eleven reports were presented…

Different Influence of Contextual Educational Factors on Boys' and Girls' Reading Achievement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Geske, Andrejs; Ozola, Antra

2009-01-01

The results of IEA (The International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement) PIRLS 2006 (Progress in International Reading Literacy Study) has showed that Latvia has the 6th largest gender gap in reading literacy scores and that is an indication of a serious problem of education in this country. The purpose of the paper is to…

Predicting Achievement: Confidence vs Self-Efficacy, Anxiety, and Self-Concept in Confucian and European Countries

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morony, Suzanne; Kleitman, Sabina; Lee, Yim Ping; Stankov, Lazar

2013-01-01

This study investigates the structure and cross-cultural (in)variance of mathematical self-beliefs in relation to mathematics achievement in two world regions: Confucian Asia (Singapore, South Korea, Hong Kong and Taiwan) and Europe (Denmark, The Netherlands, Finland, Serbia and Latvia). This is done both pan-culturally and at a multigroup-level,…

Minority Language Rights before and after the 2004 EU Enlargement: The Copenhagen Criteria in the Baltic States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adrey, Jean-Bernard

2005-01-01

This paper examines the effect of the recent European Union (EU) enlargement on minority language policies in the Baltic states, and in particular in Latvia and Estonia. I first look at the so-called Copenhagen political criteria conditioning EU accession and at the European Commission's monitoring system for assessing applicant countries'…

Cumulative Small Effect Genetic Markers and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Poland, Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia

PubMed Central

Serrano-Fernandez, Pablo; Dymerska, Dagmara; Kurzawski, Grzegorz; Derkacz, Róża; Sobieszczańska, Tatiana; Banaszkiewicz, Zbigniew; Roomere, Hanno; Oitmaa, Eneli; Metspalu, Andres; Janavičius, Ramūnas; Elsakov, Pavel; Razumas, Mindaugas; Petrulis, Kestutis; Irmejs, Arvīds; Miklaševičs, Edvīns; Scott, Rodney J.; Lubiński, Jan

2015-01-01

The continued identification of new low-penetrance genetic variants for colorectal cancer (CRC) raises the question of their potential cumulative effect among compound carriers. We focused on 6 SNPs (rs380284, rs4464148, rs4779584, rs4939827, rs6983267, and rs10795668), already described as risk markers, and tested their possible independent and combined contribution to CRC predisposition. Material and Methods. DNA was collected and genotyped from 2330 unselected consecutive CRC cases and controls from Estonia (166 cases and controls), Latvia (81 cases and controls), Lithuania (123 cases and controls), and Poland (795 cases and controls). Results. Beyond individual effects, the analysis revealed statistically significant linear cumulative effects for these 6 markers for all samples except of the Latvian one (corrected P value = 0.018 for the Estonian, corrected P value = 0.0034 for the Lithuanian, and corrected P value = 0.0076 for the Polish sample). Conclusions. The significant linear cumulative effects demonstrated here support the idea of using sets of low-risk markers for delimiting new groups with high-risk of CRC in clinical practice that are not carriers of the usual CRC high-risk markers. PMID:26101521

Cumulative Small Effect Genetic Markers and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Poland, Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia.

PubMed

Serrano-Fernandez, Pablo; Dymerska, Dagmara; Kurzawski, Grzegorz; Derkacz, Róża; Sobieszczańska, Tatiana; Banaszkiewicz, Zbigniew; Roomere, Hanno; Oitmaa, Eneli; Metspalu, Andres; Janavičius, Ramūnas; Elsakov, Pavel; Razumas, Mindaugas; Petrulis, Kestutis; Irmejs, Arvīds; Miklaševičs, Edvīns; Scott, Rodney J; Lubiński, Jan

2015-01-01

The continued identification of new low-penetrance genetic variants for colorectal cancer (CRC) raises the question of their potential cumulative effect among compound carriers. We focused on 6 SNPs (rs380284, rs4464148, rs4779584, rs4939827, rs6983267, and rs10795668), already described as risk markers, and tested their possible independent and combined contribution to CRC predisposition. Material and Methods. DNA was collected and genotyped from 2330 unselected consecutive CRC cases and controls from Estonia (166 cases and controls), Latvia (81 cases and controls), Lithuania (123 cases and controls), and Poland (795 cases and controls). Results. Beyond individual effects, the analysis revealed statistically significant linear cumulative effects for these 6 markers for all samples except of the Latvian one (corrected P value = 0.018 for the Estonian, corrected P value = 0.0034 for the Lithuanian, and corrected P value = 0.0076 for the Polish sample). Conclusions. The significant linear cumulative effects demonstrated here support the idea of using sets of low-risk markers for delimiting new groups with high-risk of CRC in clinical practice that are not carriers of the usual CRC high-risk markers.

Tackling childhood obesity: the importance of understanding the context.

PubMed

Knai, Cécile; McKee, Martin

2010-12-01

Recommendations to tackle major health problems such as childhood obesity may not be appropriate if they fail to take account of the prevailing socio-political, cultural and economic context. We describe the development and application of a qualitative risk analysis approach to identify non-scientific considerations framing the policy response to obesity in Denmark and Latvia. Interviews conducted with key stakeholders in Denmark and Latvia, undertaken following a review of relevant literature on obesity and national policies. A qualitative risk analysis model was developed to help explain the findings in the light of national context. Non-scientific considerations that appeared to influence the response to obesity include the perceived relative importance of childhood obesity; the nature of stakeholder relations and its impact on decision-making; the place of obesity on the policy agenda; the legitimacy of the state to act for population health and views on alliances between public and private sectors. Better recognition of the exogenous factors affecting policy-making may lead to a more adequate policy response. The development and use of a qualitative risk analysis model enabled a better understanding of the contextual factors and processes influencing the response to childhood obesity in each country.

Hands-on optics and photonics outreach in Riga

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lesina, Natalija; Spigulis, Janis

2014-07-01

A long-term exposition focused on optics and photonics was created in Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy at University of Latvia in 2010. Considering unpopularity of science in Latvia and lack of broadly accessible hands-on outreach activities for school children, as well as rapid development of advanced photonic technologies, this exposition was meant to involve more students to the natural sciences and modern technologies. Exposition covers 10 topics of optics - colors, diffraction, interference, polarization, reflection, liquid crystals, gas discharge, lasers, fluorescence, infrared and ultraviolet radiation. Students' visits are organized as an exciting adventure, which differs from ordinary school lessons. The visit mainly includes own actions with hands-on exhibits, lecturer's explanations about the most difficult topics and some demonstrations shown by the lecturer. The main accent is made on hands-on experiments due to the fact that students, who had performed hands-on experiments, will be emboldened to choose their career in the field of science and technologies. The exposition now is running and is part of Riga Photonics Center. Nearly 300 students from the 8th till 12th grades visited it during academic years 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 and their generally positive feedback has been analyzed.

System Dynamics Modeling of Households' Electricity Consumption and Cost-Income Ratio: a Case Study of Latvia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bariss, Uldis; Bazbauers, Gatis; Blumberga, Andra; Blumberga, Dagnija

2017-11-01

Increased energy efficiency of the building sector is high on the list of priorities for energy policy since better energy efficiency would help to reduce impact on climate change and increase security of energy supply. One aim of the present study was to find a relative effect of growth of demand for energy services due to changes in income, energy consumption per unit of demand due to technological development, changes in electricity price and household income on household electricity consumption in Latvia. The method applied included system dynamics modeling and data from a household survey regarding the relationship between electricity saving activities and the electricity cost-income ratio. The results revealed that, in direct contrast to the expected, a potential reduction of the electricity consumption is rather insensitive to electricity price and electricity cost-income ratio, and that the efficiency of technologies could be the main drivers for future electricity savings. The results suggest that support to advancement of technologies and faster replacement of inefficient ones rather than influencing the energy price could be effective energy policy measures. The model, developed in the study could be used in similar assessments in other countries.

Changes in precipitation regime in the Baltic countries in 1966-2015

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jaagus, Jaak; Briede, Agrita; Rimkus, Egidijus; Sepp, Mait

2018-01-01

The aim of the study was to analyse trends and regime shifts in time series of monthly, seasonal and annual precipitation in the eastern Baltic countries (Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia) during 1966-2015. Data from 54 stations with nearly homogeneous series were used. The Mann-Kendall test was used for trend analysis and the Rodionov test for the analysis of regime shifts. Rather few statistically significant trends ( p < 0.05) and regime shifts were determined. The highest increase (by approximately 10 mm per decade) was observed in winter precipitation when a significant trend was found at the large majority of stations. For monthly precipitation, increasing trends were detected at many stations in January, February and June. Weak negative trends revealed at few stations in April and September. Annual precipitation has generally increased, but the trend is mostly insignificant. The analysis of regime shifts revealed some significant abrupt changes, the most important of which were upward shifts in winter, in January and February precipitation at many stations since 1990 or in some other years (1989, 1995). A return shift in the time series of February precipitation occurred since 2003. The most significant increase in precipitation was determined in Latvia and the weakest increase in Lithuania.

The Development and Design of Engineering Economic Indicator System for Nanotechnology Industry Product Manufacturing: A Case Study of Latvia / Inženierekonomisko Rādītāju Sistēmas Attīstība Un Izveide Nanotehnoloģiju Industrijas Produktu Ražošanai: Latvijas Pieredze

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Geipele, I.; Staube, T.; Ciemleja, G.; Geipele, S.; Zeltins, N.; Ekmanis, J.

2015-10-01

The current scientific paper is developed to continue the research on further commercialisation of the nanotechnology products of manufacturing industries in Latvia. To create the system of engineering economic indicators for multifunctional nanocoating technologies, the scientific indicators and their theoretical justification have been used, the issues from the experts' analysis and survey of the Latvian companies operating in the nanotechnology industry have been summarised. Zinātniskā publikācija ir sagatavota kā turpinājums nanotehnoloģiju industrijas produktu komercializācijas pētījumam Latvijā. Lai izveidotu inženierekonomisko rādītāju sistēmu daudzfunkcionālajām nano-pārklājumu tehnoloģijām tiek izmantoti zinātniskie indikatori, to teorētiskais pamatojums, kā arī Latvijas inovatīvo daudzfunkcionālo materiālu ražotāju aptaujas un ekspertinterviju rezultāti.

Uncertainties and Solutions Related to Use of WRB (2007) in the Boreo-nemoral zone, Case of Latvia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kasparinskis, Raimonds; Nikodemus, Olgerts; Rolavs, Nauris

2014-05-01

Relatively high diversity of soils groups according to the WRB (2007) classification is observed in forest ecosystems in the boreo-nemoral zone in Latvia. This is due to the geological genesis of area and environmental conditions (Kasparinskis, Nikodemus, 2012), as well as historical land use and management (Nikodemus et al., 2013). Due to the relatively young soils, Albic, Spodic and Cambic horizons are relatively weakly expressed in many cases. Relatively well developed Albic horizons occur in sandy forest soils, but unusually well expressed Spodic features are observed. In some cases there is a Cambic horizon, however location of Cambisols in the WRB (2007) soil classification sequence does not provide an opportunity to classify these soils as Cambisols, but they are classified as Arenosols. This sequence does not reflect the logical sheme of soil development, and therefore raises the question about location of Podzols, Arenosols and Cambisols in the sequence of WRB (2007) soil classification. Soils with two parent materials (abrupt textural change) are relatively common in Latvia, where conceptually on the small scale mapping results in classification as the soil group Planosols, but in many cases there is occurrence of Fluvic materials, as parent material in the upper part of the soil profile is formed by Baltic Ice lake sandy sediments - this leads to question about the location of Fluvisols and Planosols in the sequence of the WRB (2007) soil classification. Soil research has found cases, where a relatively well developed Spodic horizon was established as the result of ground water table depth in areas of abrupt textural change. In this case the profile corresponds to the soil group of Podzols, however in some cases - Gleysols not Planosols due to a high ground water table. Therefore there is a need for discussion also about the location of Podzols and Planosols in the sequence of the WRB (2007) soil classification. The above mentioned questions raise problems related to unambiguous determination of soil groups. Soil classification must be very precise by reflecting relationships of soil forming processes. In the development of international soil classification it is advisable to pay more attention on ecological processes. This study was supported by the European Social Fund No. 2013/0020/1DP/1.1.1.2.0/13/APIA/VIAA/066. References: IUSS Working Group, 2007. World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2006, first update 2007. World Soil Resources Reports 103. FAO, Rome. 103-116. Kasparinskis R., Nikodemus O. 2012. Influence of environmental factors on the spatial distribution and diversity of forest soil in Latvia. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences. 61(1): 48-64. Nikodemus O., Kasparinskis R., Kukuls I. 2013. Influence of Afforestation on Soil Genesis, Morphology and Properties in Glacial Till Deposits. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science. 59(3): 449-465.

Modelling of the spring phenological phases of the Silver birch Betula pendula and Bird cherry Padus racemosa in Baltic region

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kalvāns, Andis; Kalvāne, Gunta; Bitāne, Māra; Cepīte-Frišfelde, Daiga; Sīle, Tija; Seņņikovs, Juris

2014-05-01

The air temperature is the strongest driving factor of the plant development during spring time in moderate climate conditions. However other factors such as the air temperature during the dormancy period and light conditions can play a role as well. The full potential of the recent and historical phenological observation data can be utilised by modelling tools. We have calibrated seven phenological models described in scientific literature to calculate the likely dates leaf unfolding and start of flowering of the Silver birch Betula pendula and bird cherry Padus racemosa (Kalvāns at al, accepted). Phenological observations are derived from voluntary observation network for period 1960-2009 in Latvia. The number of used observations for each phase range from 149 to 172. Air temperature data measured in meteorological stations closest to the corresponding phenological observation sites are obtained from Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre. We used 33 random data subsamples for model calibration to produce a range of model coefficients enabling the estimation of the phenological model uncertainty. It is found that the best reproduction of the observational data are obtained using a simple linear degree day model considering daily minimum and maximum temperature and more complex sigmoidal model honouring the need for low temperatures for dormancy release (UniChill, Chuine, 2000). The median calibration base temperature in the degree day model for the silver birch leaf unfolding is 5.6°C and for start of the flowering 6.7°C; for the bird cherry the corresponding base temperatures are 3.2°C and 3.4°C. The calibrated models and air temperature archive data derived from the Danish Meteorological Institute is used to simulate the respective phase onset in the Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in 2009. Significant regional differences between modelled phase onset times are observed. There is a wide regional variation of the model uncertainty as well, indicated by the confidence intervals calculated from the 33 model calibrations: in some regions all the coefficient sets give similar phase onset times (within two to three day interval) while on other cases the spread can be more than a weak. In the spring 2014 field campaign is planned to obtain considerable data set for leaf unfolding and start of flowering of the bird cherry in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The data will be used to evaluate performance of phenological models driven by short, medium and long term air temperature forecasts. The research is supported by the European Union through the European Social Fund Mobilitas grant No MJD309. References Chuine, I. (2000). A unified model for budburst of trees. Journal of theoretical biology, 207 (3), 337-347 Kalvāns, A., Bitāne, M., Kalvāne, G., accepted. Forecasting plant phenology: evaluating the phenological models for Betula pendula and Padus racemosa spring phases, Latvia. International Journal of Biometeorology, accepted.

Long-term biatrial recordings in post-operative atrial fibrillation.

PubMed

Masè, M; Graffigna, A; Sinelli, S; Pallaoro, G; Nollo, G; Ravelli, F

2010-01-01

Although atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common complication of cardiac surgery, its pathophysiology remains unclear. The study of post-operative AF demands for the recording of cardiac electrical activity in correspondence of AF onset and progression. Long-term recordings in post-surgery patients could provide this information, but, to date, have been limited to surface signals, which precludes a characterization of the arrhythmic triggers and substrate. In this study we demonstrate the feasibility of a continuous long-term recording of atrial electrical activities from the right and left atria in post-surgery patients. Local atrial epicardial electrograms are acquired by positioning temporary pacing wires in the right and left atria at the end of the intervention, while three day recordings are obtained by a digital holter recorder, adapted to epicardial signal features. The capability of the system to map local atrial activity and the possibility to obtain quantitative information on atrial rate and synchronization from the processed epicardial signals are proven in representative examples. The quantitative description of local atrial properties opens new perspective in the investigation of post-surgery AF.

36 CFR 1253.5 - National Personnel Records Center.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Personnel Records is located at 9700 Page Ave., St. Louis, MO 63132-5100. The hours are posted at http://www... Records is located at 111 Winnebago St., St. Louis, MO 63118-4199. The hours are posted at http://www...

36 CFR 1253.5 - National Personnel Records Center.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Personnel Records is located at 9700 Page Ave., St. Louis, MO 63132-5100. The hours are posted at http://www... Records is located at 111 Winnebago St., St. Louis, MO 63118-4199. The hours are posted at http://www...

36 CFR 1253.5 - National Personnel Records Center.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Personnel Records is located at 9700 Page Ave., St. Louis, MO 63132-5100. The hours are posted at http://www... Records is located at 111 Winnebago St., St. Louis, MO 63118-4199. The hours are posted at http://www...

Controlling the Image of the Teacher's Body under Authoritarianism: The Case of Soviet Latvia (1953-1984)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kestere, Iveta; Kalke, Baiba

2018-01-01

The ideal of the Soviet teacher can be revealed in Soviet mass media, but historians are challenged by the question "what was the actual reality"? Therefore, we addressed the reality of the Soviet school using two research questions: (1) What teacher image was cultivated by Soviet propaganda, and what did the average teacher actually…

Teachers' Values Related to Sustainable Development in Polish and Latvian Secondary Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Switala, Eugeniusz

2015-01-01

The aim of the paper is to present the results of the research on highlighting values related to sustainable development in Poland and Latvia by secondary school teachers and to compare two models by the use of action research. The research is presented as a process of identifying values mainly from the point of view of social development which is…

How Strong and Weak Readers Perform on the Developmental Eye Movement Test (DEM): Norms for Latvian School-Aged Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Serdjukova, Jelena; Ekimane, Lasma; Valeinis, Janis; Skilters, Jurgis; Krumina, Gunta

2017-01-01

The aim of our study was to determine DEM test performance norms for school-aged children in Latvia, assess how DEM test results correlate with children's reading rates, compare test performance between strong and weak readers. A modified DEM test and a newly developed reading test were administered to 1487 children during a screening survey. Our…

How to reconcile wood production and biodiversity conservation? The Pan-European boreal forest history gradient as an "experiment".

PubMed

Naumov, Vladimir; Manton, Michael; Elbakidze, Marine; Rendenieks, Zigmars; Priednieks, Janis; Uhlianets, Siarhei; Yamelynets, Taras; Zhivotov, Anton; Angelstam, Per

2018-07-15

There are currently competing demands on Europe's forests and the finite resources and services that they can offer. Forestry intensification that aims at mitigating climate change and biodiversity conservation is one example. Whether or not these two objectives compete can be evaluated by comparative studies of forest landscapes with different histories. We test the hypothesis that indicators of wood production and biodiversity conservation are inversely related in a gradient of long to short forestry intensification histories. Forest management data containing stand age, volume and tree species were used to model the opportunity for wood production and biodiversity conservation in five north European forest regions representing a gradient in landscape history from very long in the West and short in the East. Wood production indicators captured the supply of coniferous wood and total biomass, as well as current accessibility by transport infrastructure. Biodiversity conservation indicators were based on modelling habitat network functionality for focal bird species dependent on different combinations of stand age and tree species composition representing naturally dynamic forests. In each region we randomly sampled 25 individual 100-km 2 areas with contiguous forest cover. Regarding wood production, Sweden's Bergslagen region had the largest areas of coniferous wood, followed by Vitebsk in Belarus and Zemgale in Latvia. NW Russia's case study regions in Pskov and Komi had the lowest values, except for the biomass indicator. The addition of forest accessibility for transportation made the Belarusian and Swedish study region most suitable for wood and biomass production, followed by Latvia and two study regions in NW Russian. Regarding biodiversity conservation, the overall rank among regions was opposite. Mixed and deciduous habitats were functional in Russia, Belarus and Latvia. Old Scots pine and Norway spruce habitats were only functional in Komi. Thus, different regional forest histories provide different challenges in terms of satisfying both wood production and biodiversity conservation objectives in a forest management unit. These regional differences in northern Europe create opportunities for exchanging experiences among different regional contexts about how to achieve both objectives. We discuss this in the context of land-sharing versus land-sparing. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Association of depression and anxiety with cardiovascular co-morbidity in a primary care population in Latvia: a cross-sectional study.

PubMed

Ivanovs, R; Kivite, A; Ziedonis, D; Mintale, I; Vrublevska, J; Rancans, E

2018-03-06

Cardiovascular (CV) diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Globally, there is a growing interest in understanding and addressing modifiable psychosocial risk factors, particularly depression and anxiety, to prevent CVDs and to reduce morbidity and mortality. Despite the high premature mortality rate from CVDs in Latvia, this is the first Latvian study to examine the association of depression and anxiety with CVD morbidity in a primary care population. This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2015 within the framework of the National Research Program BIOMEDICINE at 24 primary care facilities throughout Latvia. Consecutive adult patients during a one-week time period at each facility were invited to join the study. Assessments onsite included a 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and a 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) followed by a socio-demographic questionnaire and measurements of height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, and total cholesterol. The diagnostic Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was conducted over the telephone within 2 weeks after the visit to the general practitioner. A multivariate model was developed using binary logistic regression. From the 1565 subjects (31.2% male), CVD was detected in 17.1%. Depression screening was positive (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) for 14.7%, and anxiety screening was positive (GAD-7 ≥ 10) for 10.1% of the study subjects. According to the MINI, 10.3% had current and 28.1% had lifetime depressive episode, and 16.1% had an anxiety disorder. Depression, not anxiety, was statistically significantly related to CVDs with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.52 (p = 0.04) for current depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) and 2.08 (p = 0.002) for lifetime depressive episode (MINI). Current depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) and a lifetime depressive episode (according to the MINI) were significantly associated with increased risk of CV morbidity. Therefore, CV patients should be screened and treated for depression to potentially improve the prognosis of CVDs. Enhanced training and integration of mental health treatment in Latvian primary care settings may improve clinical outcomes.

Performance Analysis of Air-to-Water Heat Pump in Latvian Climate Conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kazjonovs, Janis; Sipkevics, Andrejs; Jakovics, Andris; Dancigs, Andris; Bajare, Diana; Dancigs, Leonards

2014-12-01

Strategy of the European Union in efficient energy usage demands to have a higher proportion of renewable energy in the energy market. Since heat pumps are considered to be one of the most efficient heating and cooling systems, they will play an important role in the energy consumption reduction in buildings aimed to meet the target of nearly zero energy buildings set out in the EU Directive 2010/31/EU. Unfortunately, the declared heat pump Coefficient of Performance (COP) corresponds to a certain outdoor temperature (+7 °C), therefore different climate conditions, building characteristics and settings result in different COP values during the year. The aim of this research is to investigate the Seasonal Performance factor (SPF) values of air-to-water heat pump which better characterize the effectiveness of heat pump in a longer selected period of time, especially during the winter season, in different types of residential buildings in Latvian climate conditions. Latvia has four pronounced seasons of near-equal length. Winter starts in mid-December and lasts until mid-March. Latvia is characterized by cold, maritime climate (duration of the average heating period being 203 days, the average outdoor air temperature during the heating period being 0.0 °C, the coldest five-day average temperature being -20.7 °C, the average annual air temperature being +6.2 °C, the daily average relative humidity being 79 %). The first part of this research consists of operational air-towater heat pump energy performance monitoring in different residential buildings during the winter season. The second part of the research takes place under natural conditions in an experimental construction stand which is located in an urban environment in Riga, Latvia. The inner area of this test stand, where air-to-water heat pump performance is analyzed, is 9 m2. The ceiling height is 3 m, all external wall constructions (U = 0.16 W/(m2K)) have ventilated facades. To calculate SPF, the experimental stand is equipped with sensors which provide measurements for electricity consumption and gained heat energy.

36 CFR § 1253.5 - National Personnel Records Center.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Personnel Records is located at 9700 Page Ave., St. Louis, MO 63132-5100. The hours are posted at http://www... Records is located at 111 Winnebago St., St. Louis, MO 63118-4199. The hours are posted at http://www...

Quartz grains reveal sedimentary palaeoenvironment and past storm events: A case study from eastern Baltic

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kalińska-Nartiša, Edyta; Stivrins, Normunds; Grudzinska, Ieva

2018-01-01

Sediment record collected from the coastal lake serves as a powerful tool for reconstructing changes in palaeoenvironment and understanding the potential signals of past storminess. In this study, we use several proxies from sediment of the Holocene Thermal Maximum at coastal Lake Lilaste, Latvia. We focus on surface texture of quartz grains from the mineral inorganic fraction as indicators of depositional environments. We then use this as a proxy for potential storm transport and combine with information on granulometry, diatom stratigraphy and chronology to answer the question whether flux of quartz grains in the lake originated from the sea or from the land. Analyses in a binocular and scanning electron microscope reveal that most of the investigated quartz grains originate from dwelling in the seawater and wave action in the nearshore zone. Grains representing very energetic subaqueous environment similar to storm events are also present. Terrestrial record is of minor significance and visible through occurrence of aeolian quartz grains. During drier and colder conditions, an influx of sand with aeolian imprint was delivered to the lake between 8500 and 7800 cal yr BP. Marine and terrestrial conditions alternated between 7800 and 6000 cal yr BP. Storm-induced grains were likely deposited three times: at 7300 cal yr BP, 6600-6400 cal yr BP, and 6200-6000 cal yr BP. Overall stable marine environmental conditions prevailed between 6000 and 4000 cal yr BP except of the last portion of terrestrial-induced sediment at 4100 cal yr BP.

Antipilferage Seal User’s Guide

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-10-01

seal is properly installed, ensure that there is no free play between the seal body and the wire. Verify and record the serial number. During post...and Record - Once the seal is properly installed, ensure that there is no free play between the seal body and the wire. During post-mortem...seal is properly installed, ensure that there is no free play between the seal body and the wire. Verify and record the serial number. During post

A State Partnership Program (SPP) for Afghanistan

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-01

former eastern bloc countries (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania ) that emerged from the Cold War independent, but potentially precarious following the fall of the...asserts the necessity to “engage and involve the private sector in reconstruction” and also “to secure and protect the natural resources, energy production ...military working dogs , and combat lifesaver training amongst many38 15 An increasingly important country in terms of CENTCOM’s security cooperation

Russian Strategic Communications and Implications for NATO

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-04-06

officially opened its doors on 20 August 2015 in the Latvian capital of Riga. Today, the center conducts analysis and study of Russian information and...Walden: Military Studies Press. 2011. 23 Dr. Steve Tatham and LTC Rita Le Page. NATO Strategic Communication: More to be Done? Case Study . Riga...Fokin, Alexander. Internet Trolling as a Tool of Hybrid Warfare: The Case of Latvia. Case Study , Riga: NATO Strategic Communication Center of

Enhancing the Role of Social Partner Organisations in the Area of Vocational Education and Training in the Candidate Countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Institutional Arrangements. Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

European Training Foundation, Turin (Italy).

The role of social partner organizations in vocational education and training (VET) has been compared for Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, the Slovak Republic, and Slovenia. In these countries, a system of industrial relations comparable to those existing in western Europe is emerging gradually.…

Environmental Engagement Success Utilizing Reachback Support

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-24

Georgia •Kosovo •Moldova • Montenegro •Norway •Romania •Russia •Sweden 24 May 2012 - 7 UNCLASSIFIED $0 $100,000 $200,000 $300,000 $400,000...Bulgaria $770K Serbia $500K Macedonia $1.3M Kosovo $950K Montenegro $2.4M Albania $900K Bosnia $500K Lithuania $815K Latvia...treatment plants Sustainable energy Sustainable design 24 May 2012 - 14 UNCLASSIFIED BPC DOD Strategy Project Development Country

The European Union’s Energy Security Challenges

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-01-26

NATO’s summit in Riga, Latvia in November 2006. Members of the Democratic Leadership in the 110th Congress have signaled their intention to introduce...cooperation through the development of international energy partnerships. Members of the Democratic Leadership in the 110th Congress have signaled their...surrounding global energy supply and demand persist, energy security issues are likely to gain importance in the 110th Congress. Members of the Democratic

Ultraviolet B Irradiance and Incidence Rates of Bladder Cancer in 174 Countries

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-01

Hungary, Ireland, Iran, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Micronesia, Malaysia , Myanmar, Namibia, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Niger, Korea Democratic Republic...these are the best available data sources for the covariates. Further, this study could not account for differences in culture, behavior, and diet ...ness. Photochem Photobiol2005Jll(6):1287-90. Punnonen R, Gillespy M, Hahl M. Serum 25-0HD, vitamin A and vitamin E concentrations in healthy Finnish

JPRS Report, Soviet Union Economic Affairs

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-12-16

Reasons for Uneven Sector Growth [SOVETSKAYA TORGOVLYA, 8 Sep 88] /u DEMOGRAPHY Migration Controls, Other Planning Needed in Latvia [N. Baranovskiy...problem of health and active longevity , or the problem of a full-fledged education and all-round personal development in a socialist manner. On the...houses and palaces of pioneers , young technicians’ sta- tions, children’s sports schools, which are important for forming a harmonious individual, homes

A representation of place attachment: A study of spatial cognition in Latvia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Skilters, Jurgis; Zarina, Liga; Raita, Liva

2017-04-01

Perception of geographical space is reflected in place attachment, i.e., a multidimensional cognitive-affective link between humans and their spatial environment. Place attachment balances emotions, conception of proximity. It is both social and spatial cognitive structure. Place attachment has an impact on people's actions, which in turn reversibly affect the environment in which people live. Place attachment provides emotional regulation for humans linking local - neighborhood-scale and country and world-scale environments. In Latvia a large-scale spatial cognition study has been conducted within participatory research project „Telpas pavasaris" ("Spatial Spring") by foundation Viegli. In the study 1523 respondents reported their associations characterizing certain type of places (e.g., safe place, dangerous place, far place, close place, dear place). The answers were analyzed according to several cognitive-affective categories including modes of experience, emotional valence, geographical distance, and perceptual modality. The current results indicate that socio-cognitive and affective information are primary in respect to purely spatial information (referring to spatial objects or regions and their relations). However, different types of geographical places and spatial objects (natural or artefactual) have to be distinguished and are significant to a different degree. Our results are important for environmental and urban planning because they show the ways how socio-cognitive and affective knowledge shapes the spatial cognition of geographic environment.

Prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from migratory birds in Latvia.

PubMed

Capligina, Valentina; Salmane, Ineta; Keišs, Oskars; Vilks, Karlis; Japina, Kristine; Baumanis, Viesturs; Ranka, Renate

2014-02-01

Migratory birds act as hosts and long-distance vectors for several tick-borne infectious agents. Here, feeding Ixodes ticks were collected from migratory birds during the autumn migration period in Latvia and screened for the presence of epidemiologically important non-viral pathogens. A total of 93 DNA samples of ticks (37 larvae and 56 nymphs) removed from 41 birds (order Passeriformes, 9 species) was tested for Lyme borreliosis spirochaetes, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Rickettsia spp., and Babesia spp. Borrelia burgdorferi DNA was detected in 18% of the tick samples, and a majority of infected ticks were from thrush (Turdus spp.) birds. Among the infected ticks, Borrelia valaisiana was detected in 41% of cases, Borrelia garinii in 35%, and mixed Bo. valaisiana and Bo. garinii infection in 24%. Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA was detected in 2% of ticks, R. helvetica in 12%, and Babesia spp. pathogens in 4% of ticks. Among these samples, 3 Babesia species were identified: Ba. divergens, Ba. microti, and Ba. venatorum. Coinfection with different pathogens that included mixed infections with different Borrelia genospecies was found in 20% of nymphal and 3% of larval Ixodes ticks. These results suggest that migratory birds may support the circulation and spread of medically significant zoonoses in Europe. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Determination of pharmaceutical residues and assessment of their removal efficiency at the Daugavgriva municipal wastewater treatment plant in Riga, Latvia.

PubMed

Reinholds, I; Muter, O; Pugajeva, I; Rusko, J; Perkons, I; Bartkevics, V

2017-01-01

Pharmaceutical products (PPs) belong to emerging contaminants that may accumulate along with other chemical pollutants in wastewaters (WWs) entering industrial and/or urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In the present study, the technique of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (Orbitrap-HRMS) was applied for the analysis of 24 multi-class PPs in WW samples collected at different technological stages of Daugavgriva WWTP located in Riga, Latvia. Caffeine and acetaminophen levels in the range of 7,570-11,403 ng/L and 810-1,883 ng/L, respectively, were the predominant compounds among 19 PPs determined in the WW. The results indicate that aerobic digestion in biological ponds was insufficiently effective to degrade most of the PPs (reduction efficiency <0-50.0%) with the exception of four PPs that showed degradation efficiency varying from 55.0 to 99.9%. Tests of short-term chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis for PP degradation in WW samples were performed, and the results reflected the complexity of different degradation mechanisms and physicochemical transformations of PPs. The toxicological studies of WW impact on Daphnia magna indicated gradual reduction of the total toxicity through the treatment stages at the WWTP.

Eye healthcare services in eastern Europe: Part 1. Cataract surgery.

PubMed

Kocur, I; Resnikoff, S; Foster, A

2002-08-01

To describe cataract surgical services in 1998 in 12 eastern European countries and to identify their needs to reduce cataract blindness. All inpatient eye departments in the 12 countries received a standardised questionnaire; the data obtained were further processed at the coordinating centre in Prague. All 458 eye departments in the region were involved. The response rate was 100%, except for Bulgaria (93%) and Romania (93%). The total number of cataract surgeries per one million inhabitants in 1998 was calculated: Belarus (800), Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1275), Bulgaria (1730), the Czech Republic (4210), Estonia (2530), Hungary (3530), Latvia (1860), Lithuania (1550), Trans-Dniester Moldova (1300), Poland (1475), Romania (1260), and Slovakia (2430). Cataracts were mostly operated on by the extracapsular technique. Intracapsular extractions were frequently performed in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (47%), Belarus (46%), Bulgaria (18%), and Romania (14.3%). Phacoemulsification was uncommonly used in 1998, except for the Czech Republic (86%), Estonia (50%), Slovakia (38%), and Hungary (16%). An IOL was implanted in more than 90% of patients in the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, and Slovakia. Conditions for cataract surgery in the eastern European region differ. The main barriers to cataract surgery were state budget limitations, insufficient supply of consumables, underutilisation of operating theatres, and poor detection of patients requiring surgery.

Aleksis Dreimanis: a legacy in Quaternary science

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hicock, Stephen R.; Menzies, John

2000-12-01

Aleksis Dreimanis was born and raised in Latvia. His interest in Quaternary and glacial geology began early and developed into a career that has spanned 7 decades. At age 20 he published his first paper in glacial geology and soon after began teaching at the University of Latvia. Teaching and research were interrupted by World War II but resumed at the Baltic University (Pinneberg, Germany), then at the University of Western Ontario where he has been ever since. Throughout his career, Dreimanis has successfully balanced the twin disciplines of Quaternary history and glacial geology. He was among the first to study quantitatively the relationship between till lithology and till formation and to study how glacial transport and dynamics affect till texture and deformation. With co-workers he developed the well-known stratigraphic scheme of the last glaciation in the Great Lakes region of North America. Aleksis became world-renowned through his committee work, especially as President of the INQUA Commission on Genesis and Lithology of Glacial Quaternary Deposits. His diplomacy, enthusiasm, and passion for his subject have inspired students and colleagues around the globe and resulted in remarkable international dialogue, cooperation, and consensus. Professor Aleksis Dreimanis is an honest scientist, a gentleman, and a true scholar who has left a rich legacy for future Quaternarists.

Factors associated with Listeria monocytogenes contamination of cold-smoked pork products produced in Latvia and Lithuania.

PubMed

Bērziņs, Aivars; Hörman, Ari; Lundén, Janne; Korkeala, Hannu

2007-04-10

A total of 312 samples of sliced, vacuum packaged, cold-smoked pork from 15 meat processing plants in Latvia and Lithuania, obtained over a 15-month period from 2003 until 2004, were analyzed for the presence of Listeria monocytogenes at the end of their shelf-life. Overall, 120 samples (38%) tested positive for L. monocytogenes. Despite the long storing period, the levels of L. monocytogenes in cold-smoked pork products were low. Manufacturing processes were studied at seven meat processing plants. A new approach with a logistic multivariable regression model was applied to identify the main factors associated with L. monocytogenes contamination during the manufacturing of cold-smoked pork products. Brining by injection was a significant factor (odds ratio 10.66; P<0.05) for contamination of product with L. monocytogenes. Moreover, long cold-smoking times (> or = 12 h) had a significant predictive value (odds ratio 24.38; P<0.014) for a sample to test positive for L. monocytogenes. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis results indicated that various sources of L. monocytogenes contamination existed over periods of time in several meat processing plants. In two meat processing plants, persistent L. monocytogenes strains belonging to serotypes 1/2a and 1/2c were found.

Energy Efficiency and Importance of Renewable Energy Sources in Latvia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Skapare, I.; Kreslins, A.

2007-10-01

The main goal of Latvian energy policy is to ensure safe and environmentally friendly long-term energy supply at cost-effective prices, contributing to enhance competitiveness, and to ensure safe energy transit. The Latvian Parliament approved an Energy Efficiency Strategy in 2000. Its objective is to decrease energy consumption per unit of GDP by 25% by 2010. Awareness raising, implementation of standards and economic incentives for self financing are the main instruments to increase energy efficiency, mentioned in the strategy. Latvia, as many other European Union member states, is dependent on the import of primary energy resources. The Latvian Renewable Energy strategy is still under development. The only recent study on RES was developed in the framework of a PHARE program in year 2000: "Renewable energy resource program", where three main objectives for a future RES strategy were proposed: 1. To increase the use of wood waste and low value wood and forest residues. 2. To improve efficiency of combustion technologies and to replace outdated plants. 3. To increase the use of renewables in Combined Heat and Power plants (CHP). Through the Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership, partners will develop a set of new shared activities, and coordinate and strengthen existing efforts in this area.

Seasonal performance for Heat pump with vertical ground heat exchanger in Riga

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jaundālders, S.; Stanka, P.; Rusovs, D.

2017-10-01

Experimental measurements of Seasonal Coefficient of Performance (SCOP) for heating of 160 m2 household in Riga were conducted for operation of brine-water heat pump with vertical ground heat exchangers (GHE). Data regarding heat and electrical power consumption were recorded during three-year period from 2013 to 2016. Vapor compression heat pump has heat energy output of 8 kW. GHE consists of three boreholes. Each borehole is 60 m deep. Data regarding brine temperature for borehole input and output were presented and discussed. As far as house had floor heating, there were presented data about COP for B0/W35 and its dependence from room and outdoor temperature during heating season. Empirical equation was created. Average heat energy consumption during one year for heating was 72 kWh/m2 measured by heat meter. Detected primary energy consumption (electrical energy from grid) was 21 kWh/m2 which resulted in SCOP=3.8. These data were compared with SCOP for air-to-water heat pump in Latvia and available configuration software for heat pumps operation. Good agreement between calculated performance and reported experimental data were founded.

Sentence durations and accentedness judgments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bond, Z. S.; Stockmal, Verna; Markus, Dace

2003-04-01

Talkers in a second language can frequently be identified as speaking with a foreign accent. It is not clear to what degree a foreign accent represents specific deviations from a target language versus more general characteristics. We examined the identifications of native and non-native talkers by listeners with various amount of knowledge of the target language. Native and non-native speakers of Latvian provided materials. All the non-native talkers spoke Russian as their first language and were long-term residents of Latvia. A listening test, containing sentences excerpted from a short recorded passage, was presented to three groups of listeners: native speakers of Latvian, Russians for whom Latvian was a second language, and Americans with no knowledge of either of the two languages. The listeners were asked to judge whether each utterance was produced by a native or non-native talker. The Latvians identified the non-native talkers very accurately, 88%. The Russians were somewhat less accurate, 83%. The American listeners were least accurate, but still identified the non-native talkers at above chance levels, 62%. Sentence durations correlated with the judgments provided by the American listeners but not with the judgments provided by native or L2 listeners.

40 CFR 91.405 - Recorded information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... addition to a pre- and post-test measurement. (4) Recorder chart or equivalent. Identify for each test... each mode, if applicable. (8) Exhaust sample line temperature, if applicable. (e) Test data; post-test...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM MARINE SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES Gaseous Exhaust Test Procedures § 91.405 Recorded...

40 CFR 91.405 - Recorded information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... addition to a pre- and post-test measurement. (4) Recorder chart or equivalent. Identify for each test... each mode, if applicable. (8) Exhaust sample line temperature, if applicable. (e) Test data; post-test...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM MARINE SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES Gaseous Exhaust Test Procedures § 91.405 Recorded...

40 CFR 91.405 - Recorded information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... addition to a pre- and post-test measurement. (4) Recorder chart or equivalent. Identify for each test... each mode, if applicable. (8) Exhaust sample line temperature, if applicable. (e) Test data; post-test...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM MARINE SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES Gaseous Exhaust Test Procedures § 91.405 Recorded...

40 CFR 91.405 - Recorded information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... addition to a pre- and post-test measurement. (4) Recorder chart or equivalent. Identify for each test... each mode, if applicable. (8) Exhaust sample line temperature, if applicable. (e) Test data; post-test...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM MARINE SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES Gaseous Exhaust Test Procedures § 91.405 Recorded...

40 CFR 91.405 - Recorded information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... addition to a pre- and post-test measurement. (4) Recorder chart or equivalent. Identify for each test... each mode, if applicable. (8) Exhaust sample line temperature, if applicable. (e) Test data; post-test...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM MARINE SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES Gaseous Exhaust Test Procedures § 91.405 Recorded...

78 FR 5791 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-28

... of records should address written inquiries to the 45 Space Wing Command Post, Patrick Air Force Base... Superintendent, 30 Space Wing Command Post, 867 Washington Ave., Suite 205, Vandenberg Air Force Base, CA 93437... written inquiries to 45th Space Wing Command Post, Patrick Air Force Base, FL 32925-3002. Individuals with...

HIV drug resistance tendencies in Latvia.

PubMed

Kolupajeva, Tatjana; Aldins, Pauls; Guseva, Ludmila; Dusacka, Diana; Sondore, Valentina; Viksna, Ludmila; Rozentale, Baiba

2008-09-01

The treatment of HIV infection in Latvia by using highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was started in 1996. The prevalence and tendencies of HIV drug resistance among treated and treatment-naive patients in Latvia in the years 2006-2007 were evaluated in this study. Data of HIV genotyping, performed in 132 HIV-1 infected during years 2006-2007 by TRUGENE HIV-1 genotyping assay (BayerHealthCare-diagnostics) are included in the study. Analysis of data showed that in the group of treatment-naive individuals majority carried wild type virus. Prevalence of resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) in the treatment-naive group according to IAS list was 28%. In most cases it was NRTI mutation A62V that is associated with multinucleoside resistance caused by Q151M, its effect in the absence of Q151M is not known. By many authors A62V is supposed to be a result of polymorphism in RT gene and is excluded from the list of resistance mutations. High prevalence of A62V is typical for HIV-1 subtype A. As majority of treatment-naive cases (89%) in this study were with HIV-1 subtypes A or AE, we excluded A62V mutation and estimated RAMs prevalence in group of treatment-naive HIV-infected individuals as 7%. Minor PI mutations were not included in analyses. In Europe published rates generally very between 5% and 15%. In the group of treatment-experienced HIV infected people 25/75 were with HIV-1 subtype B, the rest part--with non-B subtypes: A/AE (35/75), CRF-01AE (7/75), B/AE (4/75) and others. In treatment-experienced patients RAMs prevalence was estimated as 58.6%. Most frequently RAMs were found for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) (49.3%) followed by non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) (22.6%) and protease inhibitors (PI) (16%). In the group of NRTI mutations M184V (26/75; 34.6%), A62V (12/75; 16.0%) and T215Y (8/75; 10.6%), in NNRTI mutations K103N (10/75; 13.3%), G190S (6/75; 8.0%), in PI group mutations L90M (6/75; 8.0%) and M461/L (6/75; 8.0%) occurred most frequently. The following drug susceptibility was predicted according to the Trugen expert interpretations: in 33/75 (44%) patients no evidence of resistance, in 21/75 (28%) patients resistance to 1 drug class (NRTI--16/75, NNRTI--4/75, PI--1/75), in 17 patients (22.6%) resistance to 2 drug classes (NRTI+NNRTI--9/75, NRTI+PI--7/75, NNRTI+PI--1/75) and in 3/75 (4%) patients resistance to all 3 classes of drugs (NRTI+NNRTI+PI). We conclude, that prevalence of RAMs in treatment-naive HIV infected persons in Latvia is comparable with prevalence in Europe. The origin of predominated mutation A62V associated with NRTI at present is not clear. In more than half of treated HIV infected patients HIV resistance to at least one HAART class was predicted.

Assessment of Wind Shear and Wind Energy Potential in the Baltic Sea Region of Latvia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bezrukovs, V.; Bezrukovs, Vl.; Zacepins, A.; Komashilovs, V.

2015-04-01

The paper is devoted to the investigation into the wind energy potential based on long-term observations of the wind speed and energy density fluctuations at heights from 10 to 160 m on the Baltic Sea coast of Latvia. During the observations (2004 - 2013), the wind speed and direction values were measured, and the statistical database was accumulated using a LOGGER 9200 Symphonie measuring systems mounted on 60 m masts - one on the western coast and another on the north-east of Latvia. From June 2011 to May 2012, these measurements were complemented with the data for the heights from 40 to 160 m obtained by means of a ZephIR lidar and with the metrological data provided by "Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre" for the same period. The graphs of seasonal fluctuations in the wind speed were obtained for the heights up to 160 m by measurements over the period of 2007 - 2013. The results of the research on the wind speed distribution up to 200 m are promising for evaluation of the wind energy potential of Latvia and will be helpful in assessment of prospective sites for construction of WPPs. Zinātniskais raksts ir veltīts pētījumam par vēja enerģijas potenciālu Latvijas teritorijā, Baltijas jūras piekrastē, balstoties uz ilgtermiņa vēja ātruma un vēja enerģijas blīvuma svārstību novērojumiem no 10 līdz 160 metriem augstumā. Vēja ātruma un vēja virziena mērījumu dati tika iegūti un apkopoti statistiskajā datubāzē laika periodā no 2004 līdz 2013. gadam, izmantojot mērīšanas sistēmu LOGGER 9200 Symphonie, kas bija ierīkotā uz 60 metru augsta masta - viena rietumu piekrastē un otra Latvijas ziemeļu-austrumos. No 2011. gada jūnija līdz 2012. gada maijam mērījumu datubāze tika papildināta ar datiem, kas tika iegūti ar lidaruZephIR augstumos no 40 līdz 160 metriem, un datiem no "Latvijas Vides, ģeoloģijas un meteoroloģijas centra" tam pašam laika periodam. Analizējot mērījumus 2007. g.-2013. g., grafiki ar vēja sezonālām ātruma svārstībām tika iegūti līdz 160 metru augstumam. Pētījuma rezultāti par vēja ātruma sadalījumu līdz 200 metriem, ļauj novērtēt vēja enerģijas potenciālu Latvijā, un tiem ir jāpalīdz noteikt perspektīvākās vietas vēja turbīnu izvietošanai.

Assessing sleep quality using self-report and actigraphy in PTSD.

PubMed

Slightam, Cindie; Petrowski, Katja; Jamison, Andrea L; Keller, Marius; Bertram, Franziska; Kim, Sunyoung; Roth, Walton T

2018-06-01

Sleep disturbance is commonly reported by participants with post-traumatic stress disorder, but objective evidence of poor sleep is often absent. Here we compared self-report and actigraphic evaluations of sleep between veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder and controls. Participants reported their sleep retrospectively for the month before the recording night and on the recording night. On the recording night, they wore an Actiwatch-64 and were instructed to press the marker button upon getting into bed, each time they awoke, and at their final awakening. The post-traumatic stress disorder group reported much worse sleep than controls on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index for the previous month and somewhat poorer sleep on the recording night. However, on the recording night, neither diary nor actigraphic measures of number of awakenings, total time in bed, nor time lying awake after sleep onset differed between participants with and without post-traumatic stress disorder. Diary-reported number of awakenings was fewer than actigraphically captured awakenings. These results suggest a memory bias towards remembering worse sleep on the nights before the recording night. © 2017 European Sleep Research Society.

Annual Threat Assessment of the US Intelligence Community for the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-02-03

water and power shortages, and a major currency devaluation , raising questions about his longer term political future. On foreign policy, Chavez’s...have not disappeared. Most emerging market nations have weathered the crisis, international private investment flows are recovering, and the IMF has...lose support from the IMF and other sources of finance. Bulgaria, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, and Romania remain

The Operational Mentoring and Liaison Team Program as a Model for Assisting the Development of an Effective Afghan National Army

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-06-12

care has been taken to ensure the ANA is comprised of soldiers from all of Afghanistan’s major ethnic groups - Pashtun, Tajik, Uzbek , Hazara, Turkmen...Canada, Croatia, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland , Spain, the United Kingdom (UK), and United States have contributed full OMLTs/ETTs...embedded training teams) while Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland , Portugal, Romania, Slovenia

The Future of Transatlantic Security Relations. Colloquium Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-09-01

Black Sea region could be either active or reserve troops, and that Romania and Bulgaria were likely candidates for hosting the troops. The deployed...Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania , Slovakia, and Slovenia. NATO now has 26 members. Nor is this all. Since the 1990s, the Alliance has...splendid isolation. • The World War I alliance that vanquished Imperial Germany in 1918 was defunct 1 year later, when the United States absconded

Translations on USSR Science and Technology Physical Sciences and Technology, Number 44

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-08-10

COPYRIGHT: UkrNIINTI, 1978 8545 CSO: 1870 30 CYBERNETICS, COMPUTERS, AND AUTOMATION TECHNOLOGY SERIOUS PROBLEMS IN COORDINATING DEVELOPMENT OF...producer of the indispensable amino acid L-lysine. The first plant in the world for the production of a fodder concen- trate of lysine was built in...Sciences Faculty of the Univer- sity of Latvia. During the Great Patriotic War he was a radio operator and military correspondent for the front-line

17 CFR 240.17Ad-11 - Reports regarding aged record differences, buy-ins and failure to post certificate detail to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... differences, buy-ins and failure to post certificate detail to master securityholder and subsidiary files. 240... regarding aged record differences, buy-ins and failure to post certificate detail to master securityholder... master securityholder file: (A) To the official performing corporate secretary functions for the issuer...

Changes to Workflow and Process Measures in the PICU During Transition From Semi to Full Electronic Health Record.

PubMed

Salib, Mina; Hoffmann, Raymond G; Dasgupta, Mahua; Zimmerman, Haydee; Hanson, Sheila

2015-10-01

Studies showing the changes in workflow during transition from semi to full electronic medical records are lacking. This objective study is to identify the changes in workflow in the PICU during transition from semi to full electronic health record. Prospective observational study. Children's Hospital of Wisconsin Institutional Review Board waived the need for approval so this study was institutional review board exempt. This study measured clinical workflow variables at a 72-bed PICU during different phases of transition to a full electronic health record, which occurred on November 4, 2012. Phases of electronic health record transition were defined as follows: pre-electronic health record (baseline data prior to transition to full electronic health record), transition phase (3 wk after electronic health record), and stabilization (6 mo after electronic health record). Data were analyzed for the three phases using Mann-Whitney U test with a two-sided p value of less than 0.05 considered significant. Seventy-two bed PICU. All patients in the PICU were included during the study periods. Five hundred and sixty-four patients with 2,355 patient days were evaluated in the three phases. Duration of rounds decreased from a median of 9 minutes per patient pre--electronic health record to 7 minutes per patient post electronic health record. Time to final note decreased from 2.06 days pre--electronic health record to 0.5 days post electronic health record. Time to first medication administration after admission also decreased from 33 minutes pre--electronic health record and 7 minutes post electronic health record. Time to Time to medication reconciliation was significantly higher pre-electronic health record than post electronic health record and percent of medication reconciliation completion was significantly lower pre--electronic health record than post electronic health record and percent of medication reconciliation completion was significantly higher pre--electronic health record than. There was no significant change in time between placement of discharge order and physical transfer from the unit [corrected].changes clinical workflow in a PICU with decreased duration of rounds, time to final note, time to medication administration, and time to medication reconciliation completion. There was no change in the duration from medical to physical transfer.

The Latvian Legion (1943-1945) and Its Role in Latvia’s History

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-06-13

provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently...topics. In an era of rapidly spreading globalization, information flow is to a major extent uncontrolled, as are speculations without facts. The...and a troublesome time during the collapse of the union. He was astonished at the extent of information that this research provided. Moreover, he was

Reinforcing Deterrence on NATO’s Eastern Flank: Wargaming the Defense of the Baltics

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-01-01

RUSSIA RUSSIA FINLAND POLAND LITHUANIA LATVIA ESTONIA BELARUS Vilnius Riga Helsinki Tallinn Minsk 6 ritorial integrity of the two countries. Under the best...them under Moscow’s nuclear umbrella. By turning a NATO counterattack aimed at liberating the Baltic republics into an “invasion” of “Russia...fires systems, in territory that even NATO would agree constitutes “Russia.” Under Russian doctrine, it is unclear what kinds or magnitudes of

The Security Concerns of the Baltic States as NATO Allies

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-08-01

Defence Col- lege in Tartu, Estonia, the military higher college of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Dr. Corum was a pro - fessor at the U.S. Army...Estonia, along with Finland , became the most modern, literate, and advanced regions of the Old Russian Empire. A cultural revival in the 19th...States were part of Europe designated as the Soviet sphere of influence, along with Eastern Poland and parts of Romania and Finland . The Soviet

Democratic Peace Theory and Greek-Turkish Relations in the Context of the European Union

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-12-01

religion (the vast majority are Christian Orthodox ), the same national anthem, and even the same traditions. In addition, during the past Greek...Peace, 1918 –1988,” American Political Science Review 90, (1996): 512–33. 61 Maoz and Russett, “Normative and Structural Causes,” 636. 62 Chan, “In...states consisted of Cyprus, Estonia, Poland, Hungary, Slovenia and the Czech Republic; while the second one included Romania , Bulgaria, Latvia

United States Foreign Assistance Programs: The Requirement of Metrics for Security Assistance and Security Cooperation Programs

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-06-01

Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania , Slovakia, and Slovenia. 26 The seven PfP Eastern European countries, as...The Soviet experience has left an indelible mark in Ukrainian “identity, politics, economics and even religion ”127 and this experience looms large in...from Tsarist Russia to the Soviet Union from 1918 to 1921.186 The Russian and Soviet influences, along with previous Persian and Ottoman cultures

The Soviet Quest for Regional Security Studies of Foreign Policy Decision-Making in the USSR.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-09-01

where the totalitarian penetration was not in effect. These islands of separateness are the family , the churches, the universities and the military. In...support to the changes. The social revolution also had a devastating effect on the Polish United Workers Party which was partly desintegrated during the...and scientific relations, and relations betveen families living inside and outside Latvia. 3 1 *’ All this material indicates that there really were

Eye healthcare services in eastern Europe: Part 2. Vitreoretinal surgical services.

PubMed

Kocur, I; Resnikoff, S; Foster, A

2002-08-01

To describe vitreoretinal surgical services in 1998 in 12 eastern European countries and to identify ways for their further improvement. All inpatient eye departments in the 12 countries received a standardised questionnaire; the data obtained were processed at the international study coordinating centre in Prague. All 458 eye departments in the region were involved. The number of retinal detachments treated by extraocular surgery, or pars plana vitrectomy, per one million inhabitants respectively, were as follows: Belarus (52; 6), Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (21; 2), Bulgaria (39; 19), the Czech Republic (78; 40), Estonia (60; 17), Hungary (81; 88), Latvia (82; 36), Lithuania (68; 6), Trans-Dniester Region of Moldova (6; -), Poland (70; data not available), Romania (24; 25), and Slovakia (67; 55). The number of people per one retinal laser was assessed (in millions): Belarus (1.26), Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2.23), Bulgaria (0.59), the Czech Republic (0.22), Estonia (0.24), Hungary (0.23), Latvia (0.41), Lithuania (0.62), Poland (0.36), Romania (2.25), and Slovakia (0.14). Conditions for posterior eye segment surgery in the central and eastern European region vary substantially. Underserved regions require (1) more eye doctors trained in surgical and laser retinal treatment; (2) improvement in screening for diabetic eye complications and retinopathy of prematurity; (3) technical equipment for places in need.

Eye healthcare services in eastern Europe: Part 1 Cataract surgery

PubMed Central

Kocur, I; Resnikoff, S; Foster, A

2002-01-01

Aim: To describe cataract surgical services in 1998 in 12 eastern European countries and to identify their needs to reduce cataract blindness. Methods: All inpatient eye departments in the 12 countries received a standardised questionnaire; the data obtained were further processed at the coordinating centre in Prague. Results: All 458 eye departments in the region were involved. The response rate was 100%, except for Bulgaria (93%) and Romania (93%). The total number of cataract surgeries per one million inhabitants in 1998 was calculated: Belarus (800), Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1275), Bulgaria (1730), the Czech Republic (4210), Estonia (2530), Hungary (3530), Latvia (1860), Lithuania (1550), Trans-Dniester Moldova (1300), Poland (1475), Romania (1260), and Slovakia (2430). Cataracts were mostly operated on by the extracapsular technique. Intracapsular extractions were frequently performed in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (47%), Belarus (46%), Bulgaria (18%), and Romania (14.3%). Phacoemulsification was uncommonly used in 1998, except for the Czech Republic (86%), Estonia (50%), Slovakia (38%), and Hungary (16%). An IOL was implanted in more than 90% of patients in the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, and Slovakia. Conclusions: Conditions for cataract surgery in the eastern European region differ. The main barriers to cataract surgery were state budget limitations, insufficient supply of consumables, underutilisation of operating theatres, and poor detection of patients requiring surgery. PMID:12140200

Eye healthcare services in eastern Europe: Part 2 Vitreoretinal surgical services

PubMed Central

Kocur, I; Resnikoff, S; Foster, A

2002-01-01

Aim: To describe vitreoretinal surgical services in 1998 in 12 eastern European countries and to identify ways for their further improvement. Methods: All inpatient eye departments in the 12 countries received a standardised questionnaire; the data obtained were processed at the international study coordinating centre in Prague. Results: All 458 eye departments in the region were involved. The number of retinal detachments treated by extraocular surgery, or pars plana vitrectomy, per one million inhabitants respectively, were as follows: Belarus (52; 6), Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (21; 2), Bulgaria (39; 19), the Czech Republic (78; 40), Estonia (60; 17), Hungary (81; 88), Latvia (82; 36), Lithuania (68; 6), Trans-Dniester Region of Moldova (6; –), Poland (70; data not available), Romania (24; 25), and Slovakia (67; 55). The number of people per one retinal laser was assessed (in millions): Belarus (1.26), Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2.23), Bulgaria (0.59), the Czech Republic (0.22), Estonia (0.24), Hungary (0.23), Latvia (0.41), Lithuania (0.62), Poland (0.36), Romania (2.25), and Slovakia (0.14). Conclusions: Conditions for posterior eye segment surgery in the central and eastern European region vary substantially. Underserved regions require (1) more eye doctors trained in surgical and laser retinal treatment; (2) improvement in screening for diabetic eye complications and retinopathy of prematurity; (3) technical equipment for places in need. PMID:12140201

Introduction of Energy and Climate Mitigation Policy Issues in Energy - Environment Model of Latvia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klavs, G.; Rekis, J.

2016-12-01

The present research is aimed at contributing to the Latvian national climate policy development by projecting total GHG emissions up to 2030, by evaluating the GHG emission reduction path in the non-ETS sector at different targets set for emissions reduction and by evaluating the obtained results within the context of the obligations defined by the EU 2030 policy framework for climate and energy. The method used in the research was bottom-up, linear programming optimisation model MARKAL code adapted as the MARKAL-Latvia model with improvements for perfecting the integrated assessment of climate policy. The modelling results in the baseline scenario, reflecting national economic development forecasts and comprising the existing GHG emissions reduction policies and measures, show that in 2030 emissions will increase by 19.1 % compared to 2005. GHG emissions stabilisation and reduction in 2030, compared to 2005, were researched in respective alternative scenarios. Detailed modelling and analysis of the Latvian situation according to the scenario of non-ETS sector GHG emissions stabilisation and reduction in 2030 compared to 2005 have revealed that to implement a cost effective strategy of GHG emissions reduction first of all a policy should be developed that ensures effective absorption of the available energy efficiency potential in all consumer sectors. The next group of emissions reduction measures includes all non-ETS sectors (industry, services, agriculture, transport, and waste management).

Artificial neural network predictions of lengths of stay on a post-coronary care unit.

PubMed

Mobley, B A; Leasure, R; Davidson, L

1995-01-01

To create and validate a model that predicts length of hospital unit stay. Ex post facto. Seventy-four independent admission variables in 15 general categories were utilized to predict possible stays of 1 to 20 days. Laboratory. Records of patients discharged from a post-coronary care unit in early 1993. An artificial neural network was trained on 629 records and tested on an additional 127 records of patients. The absolute disparity between the actual lengths of stays in the test records and the predictions of the network averaged 1.4 days per record, and the actual length of stay was predicted within 1 day 72% of the time. The artificial neural network demonstrated the capacity to utilize common patient admission characteristics to predict lengths of stay. This technology shows promise in aiding timely initiation of treatment and effective resource planning and cost control.

Customer Dissatisfaction Index and its Improvement Costs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lvovs, Aleksandrs; Mutule, Anna

2010-01-01

The paper gives description of customer dissatisfaction index (CDI) that can be used as reliability level characterizing factor. The factor is directly joined with customer satisfaction of power supply and can be used for control of reliability level of power supply for residential customers. CDI relations with other reliability indices are shown. Paper also gives a brief overview of legislation of Latvia in power industry that is the base for CDI introduction. Calculations of CDI improvement costs are performed in the paper too.

Improvement of Latvian Geoid Model Using GNSS/Levelling, GOCE Data and Vertical Deflection Measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Janpaule, Inese; Haritonova, Diana; Balodis, Janis; Zarins, Ansis; Silabriedis, Gunars; Kaminskis, Janis

2015-03-01

Development of a digital zenith telescope prototype, improved zenith camera construction and analysis of experimental vertical deflection measurements for the improvement of the Latvian geoid model has been performed at the Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformatics (GGI), University of Latvia. GOCE satellite data was used to compute geoid model for the Riga region, and European gravimetric geoid model EGG97 and 102 data points of GNSS/levelling were used as input data in the calculations of Latvian geoid model.

An Unmastered Past: Latvia and Russia After NATO and EU Enlargement: Bilateral Issues of Statecraft 2003-2006

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-06-01

relations, World War II, Waffen SS, NATO, European Union, the Abrene district, occupation, state continuity, international relations, foreign policy. 16...Latvian legion of Waffen SS. The chapter argues that the negative attitude of Russian foreign policy makers derives directly from the perception...the role and importance of two divisions of Waffen SS known as the “Latvian Legion” probably has been the most intense and still is one of the most

Attitudes of Major Soviet Nationalities. Volume II. The Baltics. Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania.

DTIC Science & Technology

1973-06-01

acquired wide popularity (and probably snob appeal ). Kafka, Ionesco and Dostoyevsky were available to Soviet Estonians earlier than to the Russian reading...Estonia . chided as snob appeal ). Of Estonia’s 757 general schools, 556 (i.e. 71) use Estonian, 90 use Russian and 60 are mixed. 2 The same applies to...novels whicr combine literary quality with national appeal ro 2 ’), collective farm realism at its best (M. Traatl), realisti> lezcription of city life

Global Explosive Ordnance Disposal Conference and Exhibition Held in Fort Walton Beach, Florida on April 27-30, 2010

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-30

POLICY 24 Kagan ASP Response  21 Jul 08- ARCENT notified by Defense Attaché .  Uzbeks requested three types of equipment: land mine detectors...2 pax) on site.  21 Aug 08- the Training Team (5 pax) with equipment arrived in Uzbekistan.  28 Aug 08 all Uzbek / USEMB objectives were met...Slovakia, Spain, Poland Romania, United Kingdom, United States, Turkey Albania, Croatia Czech Republic, Hungary, Iceland, Czech Latvia, Lithuania

Studies in Intelligence. Volume 50, Number 2, 2006

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-01-01

states, Estonia and Latvia, were full and free members of the United Nations. ©Pascal Le Segretain/CORBIS C EN TR AL INT ELLIGENCE AG EN C Y UNITED...Druszcz/Staff/AFP/Getty Images) Seizing Opportunity 8 Studies in Intelligence Vol. 50, No. 2 days of laptop computers and e- mail, my only communication...area to offer significant resistance to the land- ing or to the recapture of Seoul.26 With a full understanding of what he faced, MacArthur told the

Industry turns its attention south

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Marhefka, D.

1997-08-01

The paper discusses the outlook for the gas and oil industries in the Former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Significant foreign investment continues to elude Russia`s oil and gas industry, so the Caspian nations of Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan are picking up the slack, welcoming the flow of foreign capital to their energy projects. Separate evaluations are given for Russia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Moldova, Tajikstan, Uzbekistan, Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Serbia.

Broadleaf deciduous forest counterbalanced the direct effect of climate on Holocene fire regime in hemiboreal/boreal region (NE Europe)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Feurdean, Angelica; Veski, Siim; Florescu, Gabriela; Vannière, Boris; Pfeiffer, Mirjam; O'Hara, Robert B.; Stivrins, Normunds; Amon, Leeli; Heinsalu, Atko; Vassiljev, Jüri; Hickler, Thomas

2017-08-01

Disturbances by fire are essential for the functioning of boreal/hemiboreal forests, but knowledge of long-term fire regime dynamics is limited. We analysed macrocharcoal morphologies and pollen of a sediment record from Lake Lielais Svētiņu (eastern Latvia), and in conjunction with fire traits analysis present the first record of Holocene variability in fire regime, fuel sources and fire types in boreal forests of the Baltic region. We found a phase of moderate to high fire activity during the cool and moist early (mean fire return interval; mFRI of ∼280 years; 11,700-7500 cal yr BP) and the late (mFRI of ∼190 years; 4500-0 cal yr BP) Holocene and low fire activity (mFRI of ∼630 years) during the Holocene Thermal Optimum (7500-4500 cal yr BP). Charcoal morphotypes and the pollen record show the predominance of frequent surface fires, occasionally transitioning to the crown during Pinus sylvestris-Betula boreal forests and less frequent surface fires during the dominance of temperate deciduous forests. In contrast to the prevailing opinion that fires in boreal forests are mostly low to moderate severity surface fires, we found evidence for common occurrence of stand-replacing crown fires in Picea abies canopy. Our results highlight that charcoal morphotypes analysis allows for distinguishing the fuel types and surface from crown fires, therefore significantly advancing our interpretation of fire regime. Future warmer temperatures and increase in the frequency of dry spells and abundant biomass accumulation can enhance the fire risk on the one hand, but will probably promote the expansion of broadleaf deciduous forests to higher latitudes, on the other hand. By highlighting the capability of broadleaf deciduous forests to act as fire-suppressing landscape elements, our results suggest that fire activity may not increase in the Baltic area under future climate change.

Energy Production from Biogas: Competitiveness and Support Instruments in Latvia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klāvs, G.; Kundziņa, A.; Kudrenickis, I.

2016-10-01

Use of renewable energy sources (RES) might be one of the key factors for the triple win-win: improving energy supply security, promoting local economic development, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The authors ex-post evaluate the impact of two main support instruments applied in 2010-2014 - the investment support (IS) and the feed-in tariff (FIT) - on the economic viability of small scale (up to 2MWel) biogas unit. The results indicate that the electricity production cost in biogas utility roughly corresponds to the historical FIT regarding electricity production using RES. However, if in addition to the FIT the IS is provided, the analysis shows that the practice of combining both the above-mentioned instruments is not optimal because too high total support (overcompensation) is provided for a biogas utility developer. In a long-term perspective, the latter gives wrong signals for investments in new technologies and also creates unequal competition in the RES electricity market. To provide optimal biogas utilisation, it is necessary to consider several options. Both on-site production of electricity and upgrading to biomethane for use in a low pressure gas distribution network are simulated by the cost estimation model. The authors' estimates show that upgrading for use in a gas distribution network should be particularly considered taking into account the already existing infrastructure and technologies. This option requires lower support compared to support for electricity production in small-scale biogas utilities.

40 CFR 1066.401 - Overview.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... testing. (4) Record pre-test data. (5) Sample emissions. (6) Record post-test data. (7) Perform post-test... PROCEDURES Preparing Vehicles and Running an Exhaust Emission Test § 1066.401 Overview. (a) Use the...-setting part. This subpart describes how to— (1) Determine road-load power, test weight, and inertia class...

Effect of surface treatment and type of cement on push-out bond strength of zirconium oxide posts.

PubMed

Almufleh, Balqees S; Aleisa, Khalil I; Morgano, Steven M

2014-10-01

The effect of the surface treatment of zirconium oxide posts on their push-out bond strength is controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 2 surface treatments on the bond strength of zirconium oxide posts cemented with different cements and to assess the failure mode. Seventy extracted human teeth were divided into 7 groups (n=10). Custom zirconium oxide posts (Cercon; Degudent) were fabricated for 6 groups. Posts in 3 groups were airborne-particle abraded (A). Posts in the other 3 groups were tribochemical silica coated (T). Three cements were used. Zinc phosphate cement was used to cement the zirconium oxide posts in groups AZ and TZ, RelyX ARC cement was used in groups ARA and TRA, and RelyX Unicem cement was used in groups ARU and TRU. Group C contained custom metal posts cemented with zinc phosphate cement. Specimens were horizontally sectioned into 3 sections and subjected to a push-out test. A mixed model analysis of variance, 1-way ANOVA, and the Tukey multiple comparison tests were used for statistical analysis. The highest push-out bond strength was recorded for Group ARU (21.03 MPa), and the lowest was recorded for Group ARA (7.57 MPa). No significant difference in push-out bond strength was found among the different surface treatments and root regions (P>.05). The type of cement had a significant effect on the push-out bond strength of zirconium oxide posts (P=.049). RelyX Unicem cement recorded (19.57 ±8.83 MPa) significantly higher push-out bond strength compared with zinc phosphate (9.95 ±6.31 MPa) and RelyX ARC cements (9.39 ±5.45 MPa). Adhesive failure at the post-cement interface was recorded for 75% of the posts cemented with zinc phosphate and RelyX ARC cements, while mixed failure was recorded for 75% of the posts cemented with RelyX Unicem cement. The type of cement used resulted in a statistically significant difference in the push-out bond strength of zirconium oxide posts, while both the surface treatment and root region resulted in no statistically significant effect after artificial aging. RelyX Unicem cement had significantly higher push-out bond strength than did zinc phosphate and RelyX ARC cements. Copyright © 2014 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Health-behaviour inequalities among Russian and ethnic majority school-aged children in the Baltic countries.

PubMed

Sumskas, Linas; Zaborskis, Apolinaras; Aasvee, Katrin; Gobina, Inese; Pudule, Iveta

2012-08-01

The main aim of this paper was to investigate whether ethnic heath inequalities exist in self-rated health and risk-taking behaviours (smoking, drunkenness, use of cannabis) between ethnic majority (Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian) and minority (Russian) population groups of school-aged children in three Baltic countries. Investigation was carried out in the framework of Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. Randomly selected students aged 11, 13, and 15 years answered questionnaires in the classroom in 2006. In total, 14,354 questionnaire forms were selected for analysis. Russian boys were more likely (p<0.05) to evaluate their self-rated health positively in schools with Russian teaching language. Odd ratios for current smoking and drunkenness were significantly lower among Russian boys in the schools with Russian language of instruction (p<0.05) in comparison with the reference group. Russian girls did not differ significantly (the exceptions were smoking in Estonia and cannabis use in Latvia) from the majority population girls by self-rated health as well as by the risk of smoking, drunkenness, and use of cannabis. The study found some differences in self-rated health and in risk-taking behaviours between Russian minority and ethnic majority students as well as between students of schools with different language of instruction (majority language vs. Russian) in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Being a member of minority group was not related with poor self-rated health or involvement in risk-taking behaviours in school-aged children in the Baltic countries.

Bucking the Trend in Wolf-Dog Hybridization: First Evidence from Europe of Hybridization between Female Dogs and Male Wolves

PubMed Central

Hindrikson, Maris; Männil, Peep; Ozolins, Janis; Krzywinski, Andrzej; Saarma, Urmas

2012-01-01

Studies on hybridization have proved critical for understanding key evolutionary processes such as speciation and adaptation. However, from the perspective of conservation, hybridization poses a concern, as it can threaten the integrity and fitness of many wild species, including canids. As a result of habitat fragmentation and extensive hunting pressure, gray wolf (Canis lupus) populations have declined dramatically in Europe and elsewhere during recent centuries. Small and fragmented populations have persisted, but often only in the presence of large numbers of dogs, which increase the potential for hybridization and introgression to deleteriously affect wolf populations. Here, we demonstrate hybridization between wolf and dog populations in Estonia and Latvia, and the role of both genders in the hybridization process, using combined analysis of maternal, paternal and biparental genetic markers. Eight animals exhibiting unusual external characteristics for wolves - six from Estonia and two from Latvia - proved to be wolf-dog hybrids. However, one of the hybridization events was extraordinary. Previous field observations and genetic studies have indicated that mating between wolves and dogs is sexually asymmetrical, occurring predominantly between female wolves and male dogs. While this was also the case among the Estonian hybrids, our data revealed the existence of dog mitochondrial genomes in the Latvian hybrids and, together with Y chromosome and autosomal microsatellite data, thus provided the first evidence from Europe of mating between male wolves and female dogs. We discuss patterns of sexual asymmetry in wolf-dog hybridization. PMID:23056315

Epidemiology of Voice Disorders in Latvian School Teachers.

PubMed

Trinite, Baiba

2017-07-01

The prevalence of voice disorders in the teacher population in Latvia has not been studied so far and this is the first epidemiological study whose goal is to investigate the prevalence of voice disorders and their risk factors in this professional group. A wide cross-sectional study using stratified sampling methodology was implemented in the general education schools of Latvia. The self-administered voice risk factor questionnaire and the Voice Handicap Index were completed by 522 teachers. Two teachers groups were formed: the voice disorders group which included 235 teachers with actual voice problems or problems during the last 9 months; and the control group which included 174 teachers without voice disorders. Sixty-six percent of teachers gave a positive answer to the following question: Have you ever had problems with your voice? Voice problems are more often found in female than male teachers (68.2% vs 48.8%). Music teachers suffer from voice disorders more often than teachers of other subjects. Eighty-two percent of teachers first faced voice problems in their professional carrier. The odds of voice disorders increase if the following risk factors exist: extra vocal load, shouting, throat clearing, neglecting of personal health, background noise, chronic illnesses of the upper respiratory tract, allergy, job dissatisfaction, and regular stress in the working place. The study findings indicated a high risk of voice disorders among Latvian teachers. The study confirmed data concerning the multifactorial etiology of voice disorders. Copyright © 2017 The Voice Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Analytical Treatment of Forecasts of Electric Energy Consumption in Latvia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balodis, M.; Gavars, V.; Andersons, J.

2014-06-01

In the paper, the changes in electric energy consumption are analyzed as associated with structural changes in the Latvian economy of postsocialistic period. To the analysis, a particular approach is applied, which consists in comparison of the basic and specific electricity consumption indices in West-, Central-, and East-European states for the time span of 1990-2010, with differences and tendencies of changes revealed. Tendencies of the type are determined for the electric energy consumption in Latvia, and recommendations are given for the use of such indices in the relevant forecasts. Rakstā apskatītas elektroenerģijas patēriņa izmaiņas, kas saistītas ar Latvijas postsociālisma perioda ekonomikas strukturālām izmaiņām. Rakstā dota Latvijas galveno elektroenerģijas patēriņa indikatoru analīze, lietojot īpašu pieeju - Rietumeiropas, Centrāleiropas un Austrumeiropas valstu indikatoru salīdzinājumu. Analizēts periods no 1990. gada līdz 2010. gadam. Salīdzināti Eiropas valstu grupu īpatnējie elektroenerģijas patēriņa indikatori un noskaidrotas to atšķirības un izmaiņu tendences. Noteiktas elektroenerģijas patēriņa izmaiņu tendences Latvijā. Dotas rekomendācijas par šo indikatoru izmantošanu elektroenerģijas patēriņa prognozēšanā. 07.05.2014.

Justification of the Utility of Introducing Smart Meters in Latvia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kunickis, M.; Dandens, A.; Bariss, U.

2015-12-01

Automatic data reading from smart meters is being developed in many parts of the world, including Latvia. The key drivers for that are developments of smart technologies and economic benefits for consumers. Deployment of smart meters could be launched in a massive scale. Several pilot projects were implemented to verify the feasibility of smart meters for individual consumer groups. Preliminary calculations indicate that installation of smart meters for approximately 23 % of electricity consumers would be economically viable. Currently, the data for the last two years is available for an in-depth mathematical analysis. The continuous analysis of consumption data would be established, when more measurements from smart meters are available. The extent of introduction of smart meters should be specified during this process in order to gain the maximum benefit for the whole society (consumers, grid companies, state authorities), because there are still many uncertain and variable factors. For example, it is necessary to consider statistical load variations by hour, dependence of electricity consumption on temperature fluctuations, consumer behaviour and demand response to market signals to reduce electricity consumption in the short and long term, consumer's ambitions and capability to install home automation for regulation of electricity consumption. To develop the demand response, it is necessary to analyse the whole array of additional factors, such as expected cost reduction of smart meters, possible extension of their functionality, further development of information exchange systems, as well as standard requirements and different political and regulatory decisions regarding the reduction of electricity consumption and energy efficiency.

A comparison of stroke rehabilitation; data from two national cohorts.

PubMed

Bērziņa, G; Vētra, A; Sunnerhagen, K S

2016-10-01

Inpatient rehabilitation is a commonly used complex intervention to improve a person's independence after stroke. Evaluation and comparison of the effects of routine clinical practice could provide a contribution towards optimization of stroke care. The aim of this study is to describe results of inpatient rehabilitation as a complex intervention for persons after stroke and explore possible differences between two countries. Data from 1055 Latvian and 1748 Swedish adult patients after stroke receiving inpatient rehabilitation, during 2011-2013, were used for this retrospective cohort study. Qualitative description of systems, as well as information on basic medical and sociodemographic information, and organizational aspects were reported. Change in the Functional Independence Measure during rehabilitation was investigated. In six domains of the instrument, the shifts for three levels of dependence were analysed using ordinal regression analysis. The components of stroke care seem to be similar in Latvia and Sweden. However, the median time since stroke onset until the start of rehabilitation was 13 weeks in Latvia and 2 weeks in Sweden. The median length of rehabilitation was 12 and 49 days, respectively. The level of dependency at start, time since stroke onset and length of the period had an impact on the results of the rehabilitation. Although components of the rehabilitation are reported as being the same, characteristics and the outcome of the inpatient rehabilitation are different. Therefore, comparison of stroke rehabilitation between countries requires caution. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Bucking the trend in wolf-dog hybridization: first evidence from europe of hybridization between female dogs and male wolves.

PubMed

Hindrikson, Maris; Männil, Peep; Ozolins, Janis; Krzywinski, Andrzej; Saarma, Urmas

2012-01-01

Studies on hybridization have proved critical for understanding key evolutionary processes such as speciation and adaptation. However, from the perspective of conservation, hybridization poses a concern, as it can threaten the integrity and fitness of many wild species, including canids. As a result of habitat fragmentation and extensive hunting pressure, gray wolf (Canis lupus) populations have declined dramatically in Europe and elsewhere during recent centuries. Small and fragmented populations have persisted, but often only in the presence of large numbers of dogs, which increase the potential for hybridization and introgression to deleteriously affect wolf populations. Here, we demonstrate hybridization between wolf and dog populations in Estonia and Latvia, and the role of both genders in the hybridization process, using combined analysis of maternal, paternal and biparental genetic markers. Eight animals exhibiting unusual external characteristics for wolves - six from Estonia and two from Latvia - proved to be wolf-dog hybrids. However, one of the hybridization events was extraordinary. Previous field observations and genetic studies have indicated that mating between wolves and dogs is sexually asymmetrical, occurring predominantly between female wolves and male dogs. While this was also the case among the Estonian hybrids, our data revealed the existence of dog mitochondrial genomes in the Latvian hybrids and, together with Y chromosome and autosomal microsatellite data, thus provided the first evidence from Europe of mating between male wolves and female dogs. We discuss patterns of sexual asymmetry in wolf-dog hybridization.

Analysis of Competitiveness and Support Instruments for Heat and Electricity Production from Wood Biomass in Latvia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klavs, G.; Kudrenickis, I.; Kundzina, A.

2012-01-01

Utilisation of renewable energy sources is one of the key factors in a search for efficient ways of reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases and improving the energy supply security. So far, the district heating supply in Latvia has been based on natural gas, with the wood fuel playing a minor role; the same is true for decentralised combined heat-power (CHP) production. The paper describes a method for evaluation of the economic feasibility of heat and electricity production from wood biomass under the competition between different fuel types and taking into account the electricity market. For the simulation, a cost estimation model is applied. The results demonstrate that wood biomass can successfully be utilised for competitive heat production by boiler houses, while for electricity production by CHP utilities it cannot compete on the market (even despite the low prices on wood biomass fuel) unless particular financial support instruments are applied. The authors evaluate the necessary support level and the impact of two main support instruments - the investment subsidies and the feed-in tariff - on the economic viability of wood-fuelled CHP plants, and show that the feed-in tariff could be considered as an instrument strongly affecting the competitiveness of such type CHP. Regarding the feed-in tariff determination, a compromise should be found between the economy-dictated requirement to develop CHP projects concerning capacities above 5 MWel - on the one hand, and the relatively small heat loads in many Latvian towns - on the other.

Reactogenicity and safety of the human rotavirus vaccine, Rotarix™ in The Philippines, Sri Lanka, and India: a post-marketing surveillance study.

PubMed

Bravo, Lulu; Chitraka, Amarjeet; Liu, Aixue; Choudhury, Jaydeep; Kumar, Kishore; Berezo, Lennie; Cimafranca, Leonard; Chatterjee, Pallab; Garg, Pankaj; Siriwardene, Prasanna; Bernardo, Rommel; Mehta, Shailesh; Balasubramanian, Sundaram; Karkada, Naveen; Htay Han, Htay

2014-01-01

Regulatory bodies in The Philippines, Sri Lanka, and India require post-marketing surveillance to provide additional safety data on Rotarix™ in real-life settings. In such studies conducted in The Philippines (November 2006 to July 2012; NCT00353366), Sri Lanka (November 2008 to August 2009; NCT00779779), and India (August 2009 to April 2010; NCT00938327), 2 doses of Rotarix™ were administered according to the local prescribing information (PI). The occurrence of at least Grade "2"/"3" solicited adverse event (AE) (fever, vomiting, or diarrhea), within 15 days in The Philippines or 8 days in Sri Lanka and India; unsolicited AEs within 31 days and serious adverse events (SAEs) throughout the study were recorded. Of the 1494, 522, and 332 infants enrolled in The Philippines, Sri Lanka, and India, 14.7% 14.9% and 12.7% infants, respectively recorded at least Grade "2"/"3" solicited AEs. The most commonly reported solicited AEs were irritability in The Philippines (32.2% post-Dose-1; 23.5% post-Dose-2) and India (23.0% post-Dose-1; 13.2% post-Dose-2), and fever (18.0% post-Dose-1; 20.2% post-Dose-2) in Sri Lanka. Unsolicited AEs were recorded in 24.5% (The Philippines), 4.8% (Sri Lanka), and 6.9% (India) of infants. Forty-one SAEs were recorded in the Philippines of which 6 (decreased oral intake with increased sleeping time and constipation; pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and intussusception) were considered by the investigators as causally related to vaccination. One vaccine-unrelated SAE occurred in a Sri Lankan infant. All SAEs resolved and the infants recovered. Two doses of Rotarix™, administered to healthy infants according to local PI, were well tolerated in The Philippines, Sri Lanka, and India.

Investigating the real translucency of the endodontic fiber posts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Camilotti, Fernando; Bonardi, Cláudia; Somer, Aloisi; Novatski, Andressa; Szesz, Anna Luiza; Loguércio, Alessandro Dourado; Kniphoff da Cruz, Gerson

2018-02-01

Researchers have been investigating the light intensity scattered by a translucent fiber post with application in dentistry by different methods. In this work, we introduce a new system capable to record a light scattered profile, step-by-step, as a function of the length of the translucent fiber post. To support our studies, an extensive characterization of the system was carried out and this is presented and discussed here. The system was implemented using the phase sensitive detection. The equipment measures the light scattered without the need of any preparing parts and the fiber post is fixed directly in the fiber post holder becoming ready for measurement. Measures can be recorded with a spatial resolution smaller than 0.01 mm throughout the length of the fiber post being investigated. The system was implemented by using a photomultiplier tube that improves sensitivity for the optical detection. The recorded result is a signal directly proportional to the scattered light and it allows us to obtain a normalized profile that can be used as a map of the scattered light of the fiber post in study. Furthermore, we are able to demonstrate a low intensity of light in the tip region of the fiber post, along with the dependency of the light attenuation with the fiber post body volume and shape. This new system will certainly contribute to achieve better results in fiber post designing and in restoration of endodontic treated teeth because it provides a more well-founded choice of the fiber post to be used, and of the time of exposure to the curing light.

39 CFR 241.3 - Discontinuance of post offices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... to preserve them for the record. (ii) As a factor in making his or her decision, the district manager... manager, Customer Service and Sales, considered, and the decision must stand on the record. No information...(b), any decision to close or consolidate a post office must be based on certain criteria. These...

Identity of Innovative Multifunctional Material Manufacturing Business in Latvia / Inovatīvu Daudzfunkcionālo Materiālu Ražotāju Identitāte Latvijā

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Geipele, I.; Staube, T.; Ciemleja, G.; Zeltins, N.; Ekmanis, Yu.

2015-08-01

The publication comprises the results from the practical scientific investigation to define the profile and distinctions of the Latvian innovative multifunctional material manufacturing industry. The research is carried out by a holistic approach, including expert interviews, qualitative analysis of the official register data, practical survey, and financial data analysis. The paper seeks to give the detailed data on a technological profile of the mentioned representative companies, if there is a synergy or tough competition in the Latvian market. The current research is topical, because it is unique and does not have analogues in Latvia, and the research is timely due to correspondence with recently stated Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialisation in Latvia. The main findings are associated with recognition of the factors that make impact on commercialisation of the finished goods, obtained financial results and planned directions of development of the respondent companies. Publikācija sniedz veiktā zinātniski praktiskā pētījuma rezultātus, kura ietvaros tika noteikts Latvijas inovatīvu daudzfunkcionālo materiālu ražotāju darbības profils un identitāte. Pētījumā tika izmantota kompleksās analīzes metode, kas ietvēra ekspertu intervijas, uzņēmumu oficiāli reģistrēto datu kvalitatīvo analīzi, zinātniski praktisko aptauju, kā arī pētāmo uzņēmumu finanšu darbības rezultātu analīzi. Zinātniskais darbs sniedz izsmeļošu informāciju par mērķa uzņēmumu tehnoloģisko profilu un pēta, vai Latvijas mērķa ražošanas nozarē ir sinerģijas vai sīvās konkurences pazīmes. Šim zinātniskajam pētījumam ir noteikta aktualitāte saskaņā ar tā unikalitāti Latvijas valsts mērogā un atbilstība Viedās specializācijas stratēģijai. Pētījuma galvenie secinājumi ir saistīti ar uzņēmumu produkcijas komercializācijas ietekmējošo faktoru apzināšanu, sasniegtajiem finansiālajiem rezultātiem un plānotajiem attīstības virzieniem.

Evaluation of retention and fracture resistance of different fiber reinforced posts: An in vitro study.

PubMed

Pruthi, Varun; Talwar, Sangeeta; Nawal, Ruchika Roongta; Pruthi, Preeti Jain; Choudhary, Sarika; Yadav, Seema

2018-01-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate retention & fracture resistance of different fibre posts. 90 extracted human permanent maxillary central incisors were used in this study. For retention evaluation, after obturation, post space preparation was done in all root canals and posts were cemented under three groups. Later, the posts were grasped & pulled out from the roots with the help of a three-jaw chuck at a cross-head speed of 5mm/min. Force required to dislodge each post was recorded in Newtons. To evaluate the fracture behavior of posts, artificial root canals were drilled into aluminium blocks and posts were cemented. Load required to fracture each post was recorded in Newtons. The results of the present study show the mean retention values for Fibrekleer Parallel post were significantly greater than those for Synca Double tapered post & Bioloren Tapered post. The mean retention values of the Double tapered post & the tapered post were not statistically different. The Synca Double tapered post had the highest mean load to fracture, and this value was significantly higher than those of FibreKleer Parallel & Bioloren Tapered post. The mean fracture resistance values of Parallel & tapered post were not statistically different. This study showed parallel posts to have better retention than tapered and double tapered posts. Regarding the fracture resistance, double tapered posts were found to be better than parallel and tapered posts.

Using multiple sources of data for surveillance of postoperative venous thromboembolism among surgical patients treated in Department of Veterans Affairs hospitals, 2005-2010.

PubMed

Nelson, Richard E; Grosse, Scott D; Waitzman, Norman J; Lin, Junji; DuVall, Scott L; Patterson, Olga; Tsai, James; Reyes, Nimia

2015-04-01

There are limitations to using administrative data to identify postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE). We used a novel approach to quantify postoperative VTE events among Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) surgical patients during 2005-2010. We used VA administrative data to exclude patients with VTE during 12 months prior to surgery. We identified probable postoperative VTE events within 30 and 90 days post-surgery in three settings: 1) pre-discharge inpatient, using a VTE diagnosis code and a pharmacy record for anticoagulation; 2) post-discharge inpatient, using a VTE diagnosis code followed by a pharmacy record for anticoagulation within 7 days; and 3) outpatient, using a VTE diagnosis code and either anticoagulation or a therapeutic procedure code with natural language processing (NLP) to confirm acute VTE in clinical notes. Among 468,515 surgeries without prior VTE, probable VTEs were documented within 30 and 90 days in 3,931 (0.8%) and 5,904 (1.3%), respectively. Of probable VTEs within 30 or 90 days post-surgery, 47.8% and 62.9%, respectively, were diagnosed post-discharge. Among post-discharge VTE diagnoses, 86% resulted in a VA hospital readmission. Fewer than 25% of outpatient records with both VTE diagnoses and anticoagulation prescriptions were confirmed by NLP as acute VTE events. More than half of postoperative VTE events were diagnosed post-discharge; analyses of surgical discharge records are inadequate to identify postoperative VTE. The NLP results demonstrate that the combination of VTE diagnoses and anticoagulation prescriptions in outpatient administrative records cannot be used to validly identify postoperative VTE events. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Using multiple sources of data for surveillance of postoperative venous thromboembolism among surgical patients treated in Department of Veterans Affairs hospitals, 2005–2010

PubMed Central

Nelson, Richard E.; Grosse, Scott D.; Waitzman, Norman J.; Lin, Junji; DuVall, Scott L.; Patterson, Olga; Tsai, James; Reyes, Nimia

2015-01-01

Background There are limitations to using administrative data to identify postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE). We used a novel approach to quantify postoperative VTE events among Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) surgical patients during 2005–2010. Methods We used VA administrative data to exclude patients with VTE during 12 months prior to surgery. We identified probable postoperative VTE events within 30 and 90 days post-surgery in three settings: 1) pre-discharge inpatient, using a VTE diagnosis code and a pharmacy record for anticoagulation; 2) post-discharge inpatient, using a VTE diagnosis code followed by a pharmacy record for anticoagulation within 7 days; and 3) outpatient, using a VTE diagnosis code and either anticoagulation or a therapeutic procedure code with natural language processing (NLP) to confirm acute VTE in clinical notes. Results Among 468,515 surgeries without prior VTE, probable VTEs were documented within 30 and 90 days in 3,931 (0.8%) and 5,904 (1.3%), respectively. Of probable VTEs within 30 or 90 days post-surgery, 47.8% and 62.9%, respectively, were diagnosed post-discharge. Among post-discharge VTE diagnoses, 86% resulted in a VA hospital readmission. Fewer than 25% of outpatient records with both VTE diagnoses and anticoagulation prescriptions were confirmed by NLP as acute VTE events. Conclusion More than half of postoperative VTE events were diagnosed post-discharge; analyses of surgical discharge records are inadequate to identify postoperative VTE. The NLP results demonstrate that the combination of VTE diagnoses and anticoagulation prescriptions in outpatient administrative records cannot be used to validly identify postoperative VTE events. PMID:25666908

Alterations of network synchrony after epileptic seizures: An analysis of post-ictal intracranial recordings in pediatric epilepsy patients.

PubMed

Tomlinson, Samuel B; Khambhati, Ankit N; Bermudez, Camilo; Kamens, Rebecca M; Heuer, Gregory G; Porter, Brenda E; Marsh, Eric D

2018-07-01

Post-ictal EEG alterations have been identified in studies of intracranial recordings, but the clinical significance of post-ictal EEG activity is undetermined. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between peri-ictal EEG activity, surgical outcome, and extent of seizure propagation in a sample of pediatric epilepsy patients. Intracranial EEG recordings were obtained from 19 patients (mean age = 11.4 years, range = 3-20 years) with 57 seizures used for analysis (mean = 3.0 seizures per patient). For each seizure, 3-min segments were extracted from adjacent pre-ictal and post-ictal epochs. To compare physiology of the epileptic network between epochs, we calculated the relative delta power (Δ) using discrete Fourier transformation and constructed functional networks based on broadband connectivity (conn). We investigated differences between the pre-ictal (Δ pre , conn pre ) and post-ictal (Δ post , conn post ) segments in focal-network (i.e., confined to seizure onset zone) versus distributed-network (i.e., diffuse ictal propagation) seizures. Distributed-network (DN) seizures exhibited increased post-ictal delta power and global EEG connectivity compared to focal-network (FN) seizures. Following DN seizures, patients with seizure-free outcomes exhibited a 14.7% mean increase in delta power and an 8.3% mean increase in global connectivity compared to pre-ictal baseline, which was dramatically less than values observed among seizure-persistent patients (29.6% and 47.1%, respectively). Post-ictal differences between DN and FN seizures correlate with post-operative seizure persistence. We hypothesize that post-ictal deactivation of subcortical nuclei recruited during seizure propagation may account for this result while lending insights into mechanisms of post-operative seizure recurrence. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Pharmacist-led admission medication reconciliation before and after the implementation of an electronic medication management system.

PubMed

Sardaneh, Arwa A; Burke, Rosemary; Ritchie, Angus; McLachlan, Andrew J; Lehnbom, Elin C

2017-05-01

To investigate the impact of the introduction of an electronic medication management system on the proportion of patients with a recorded medication reconciliation on admission, the time from admission to when medication reconciliation was performed, and the characteristics of patients receiving this intervention pre-and post-implementation. An electronic medication management system was implemented in an Australian hospital from May to July 2015. A retrospective observational study was conducted in three wards across two phases; pre- (August 2014) and post- (August 2015) implementation. The study sample included every second patient admitted to these wards. A total of 370 patients were included, 179 pre- and 191 post-implementation. The proportion of recorded admission medication reconciliation significantly increased post-implementation in all study wards; coronary care unit (40 vs 68%, p=0.004), gastroenterology ward (39 vs 59%, p=0.015), and the neurology ward (19 vs 45%, p=0.002). The proportion of patients with recorded medication reconciliation within 24h of weekday admissions, or 48-72h of weekend admissions, increased from 47% pre- to 84% post-implementation. Admission medication reconciliation was recorded within a median of 1.0day for weekday admissions pre- and post-implementation (IQR 1.1 vs 0.2, respectively), and 3.5days (IQR 2.0) pre-implementation vs 1.5days (IQR 2.0) post-implementation for weekend admissions. Overall, across both phases pre-and post-implementation, admission medication reconciliation was recorded for patients who were significantly older (median 77 and 71 years, p<0.001), had a higher number of preadmission medications (median 6.5 and 5.0 medicines, p=0.001), and had a longer hospital stay (median 6.5 and 5.1days, p=0.003). A significantly higher proportion of patients with recorded medication reconciliation in the pre-implementation phase experienced polypharmacy (61%, p=0.002), hyperpolypharmacy (15%, p=0.001), and used a high-risk medication (44%, p=0.007). Implementing an electronic medication management system facilitates the medication reconciliation process leading to more high risk patients receiving this service on admission to hospital and in a more timely manner. The impact of electronic medication reconciliation on patient safety and clinical outcomes remains unknown. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Task Shifting: The Use of Laypersons for Acquisition of Vital Signs Data for Clinical Decision Making in the Emergency Room Following Traumatic Injury.

PubMed

Haac, Bryce E; Gallaher, Jared R; Mabedi, Charles; Geyer, Andrew J; Charles, Anthony G

2017-12-01

In resource-limited settings, identification of successful and sustainable task-shifting interventions is important for improving care. To determine whether the training of lay people to take vital signs as trauma clerks is an effective and sustainable method to increase availability of vital signs in the initial evaluation of trauma patients. We conducted a quasi-experimental study of patients presenting with traumatic injury pre- and post-intervention. The study was conducted at Kamuzu Central Hospital, a tertiary care referral hospital, in Lilongwe, Malawi. All adult (age ≥ 18 years) trauma patients presenting to emergency department over a six-month period from January to June prior to intervention (2011), immediately post-intervention (2012), 1 year post-intervention (2013) and 2 years post-intervention (2014). Lay people were trained to take and record vital signs. The number of patients with recorded vital signs pre- and post-intervention and sustainability of the intervention as determined by time-series analysis. Availability of vital signs on initial evaluation of trauma patients increased significantly post-intervention. The percentage of patients with at least one vital sign recorded increased from 23.5 to 92.1%, and the percentage of patients with all vital signs recorded increased from 4.1 to 91.4%. Availability of Glasgow Coma Scale also increased from 40.3 to 88.6%. Increased documentation of vital signs continued at 1 year and 2 years post-intervention. However, the percentage of documented vital signs did decrease slightly after the US-trained medical student and surgeon who trained the trauma clerks were no longer available in country, except for Glasgow Coma Scale. Patients who died during emergency department evaluation were significantly less likely to have vital signs recorded. The training of lay people to collect vital signs and Glasgow Coma Scale is an effective and sustainable method of task shifting in a resource-limited setting.

Impact of an electronic medication administration record on medication administration efficiency and errors.

PubMed

McComas, Jeffery; Riingen, Michelle; Chae Kim, Son

2014-12-01

The study aims were to evaluate the impact of electronic medication administration record implementation on medication administration efficiency and occurrence of medication errors as well as to identify the predictors of medication administration efficiency in an acute care setting. A prospective, observational study utilizing time-and-motion technique was conducted before and after electronic medication administration record implementation in November 2011. A total of 156 cases of medication administration activities (78 pre- and 78 post-electronic medication administration record) involving 38 nurses were observed at the point of care. A separate retrospective review of the hospital Midas+ medication error database was also performed to collect the rates and origin of medication errors for 6 months before and after electronic medication administration record implementation. The mean medication administration time actually increased from 11.3 to 14.4 minutes post-electronic medication administration record (P = .039). In a multivariate analysis, electronic medication administration record was not a predictor of medication administration time, but the distractions/interruptions during medication administration process were significant predictors. The mean hospital-wide medication errors significantly decreased from 11.0 to 5.3 events per month post-electronic medication administration record (P = .034). Although no improvement in medication administration efficiency was observed, electronic medication administration record improved the quality of care with a significant decrease in medication errors.

37 CFR 270.5 - Designated collection and distribution organizations for records of use of sound recordings under...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... with the Licensing Division of the Copyright Office and post and make available online a “Notice of... Independence Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20557-6400. (d) Annual Report. The Collective will post and make...) Group registration of related serials, letter affirming submission of copies to Library of Congress 202...

37 CFR 270.5 - Designated collection and distribution organizations for records of use of sound recordings under...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... with the Licensing Division of the Copyright Office and post and make available online a “Notice of... Independence Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20557-6400. (d) Annual Report. The Collective will post and make...) Group registration of related serials, letter affirming submission of copies to Library of Congress 202...

20 CFR Appendix C to Part 625 - Standard for Fraud and Overpayment Detection

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... paid to them in a sufficient proportion of cases to test the effectiveness of the agency's procedures.... Comparisons of benefit payments with employment records are commonly made either by post-audit or by industry surveys. The so-called “post-audit” is a matching of central office wage-record files against benefit...

20 CFR Appendix C to Part 625 - Standard for Fraud and Overpayment Detection

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... paid to them in a sufficient proportion of cases to test the effectiveness of the agency's procedures.... Comparisons of benefit payments with employment records are commonly made either by post-audit or by industry surveys. The so-called “post-audit” is a matching of central office wage-record files against benefit...

Multinational outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis infection during an international youth ice hockey competition in Riga, Latvia, preliminary report, March and April 2015.

PubMed

Pesola, A K; Parn, T; Huusko, S; Perevosčikovs, J; Ollgren, J; Salmenlinna, S; Lienemann, T; Gossner, C; Danielsson, N; Rimhanen-Finne, R

2015-05-21

A multinational outbreak of salmonellosis linked to the Riga Cup 2015 junior ice-hockey competition was detected by the Finnish health authorities in mid-April and immediately notified at the European Union level. This prompted an international outbreak investigation supported by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. As of 8 May 2015, seven countries have reported 214 confirmed and suspected cases, among which 122 from Finland. The search for the source of the outbreak is ongoing.

Guidelines for Descriptive Cataloging of Reports: A Revision of COSATI Standard for Descriptive Cataloging of Government Scientific and Technical Reports

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-01-01

Pennsylvania - PA SKentucky - K Puerto Rico - PR Louisiana - LA Rhode Island - RI ൒ *%%% * .-. * * -..- ! X . 2.3.2.s (cont.) South Carolina - SC Virgin...Company, New Orleans, LA . Orleans, LA . * 2.3.3.b(l) .. - .• -Major bureaus and services of the U.S. Government are l.isted as one-V1 element headings...shire Scotland United Kingdom-UK Lancashire England United Kingdom-UK Laos Laos Laos- LA Larne Northern Ireland United Kingdom-UK p Latvia USSR USSR-UR

The Army vs. the People: The Opposition of the Soviet Military to Baltic Independence

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-04-01

untouched. General Fyodor Kuz’min, the commander of the Baltic Military District became Gorbachev’s de facto "Military Governer", the only powerful and... Sindrome ’, Neustavshchinye i Natsional’noi Aspekte Voinskoi Sluzhby" [Youth Try on Overcoats: on the ’Occupation Syndrome’, Non-Regulation Behavior, and...that despite the 4 V. Sein, "Komu na Ruku ’Antiarmeiskyi Sindrom ’?" [Who is Responsible for the ’Anti-Army Syndrome’?], Sovetskaya Latvia, July 5, 1989

Smart Grid Development: Multinational Demo Project Analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oleinikova, I.; Mutule, A.; Obushevs, A.; Antoskovs, N.

2016-12-01

This paper analyses demand side management (DSM) projects and stakeholders' experience with the aim to develop, promote and adapt smart grid tehnologies in Latvia. The research aims at identifying possible system service posibilites, including demand response (DR) and determining the appropriate market design for such type of services to be implemented at the Baltic power system level, with the cooperation of distribution system operator (DSO) and transmission system operator (TSO). This paper is prepared as an extract from the global smart grid best practices, smart solutions and business models.

The Discourse on Dangerous Reading in Nineteenth-Century Latvia.

PubMed

Daija, Pauls; Eglāja-Kristsone, Eva

During the nineteenth century, Latvian society experienced significant social and cultural changes due to a transition from agrarian to modern society and the emergence of a Latvian national culture. Reading, previously a mostly religious and practical activity, took new forms among the Latvian middle class and steadily began to be depicted as a dangerous pastime. In this essay, we have explored the connection between social change and pathological reading by turning attention to the rhetoric of the dangerous reading discourse, representations of effects of reading in the press, and the condemnation of female reading.

Factors influencing post abortion outcomes among high-risk patients in Zimbabwe.

PubMed

Mudokwenuy-Rawdon, C; Ehlers, V J; Bezuidenhout, M C

2005-11-01

Post abortion complications remain one of the major causes of mortality among women of child bearing age in Zimbabwe. Based on this problem, factors associated with mortalities due to abortion were investigated with the aim of improving post abortion outcomes for Zimbabwe's women, and possibly also for women of other African countries. Cases and controls were selected from 4895 post abortion records to conduct a retrospective case-control study. Significant risk factors identified for reducing mortalities due to post abortion complications included the administration of oxytocic drugs and evacuation of the uterus whilst anaemia and sepsis apparently reduced these women's chances of survival. Women who died (cases) from post abortion complications apparently received better reported quantitative care than controls. Recommendations based on this research report include improved education of health care workers and enhanced in-service training, regular audits of patients' records and changed policies for managing these conditions more effectively in Zimbabwe.

37 CFR 370.3 - Reports of use of sound recordings under statutory license for preexisting subscription services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... post and make available online its Reports of Use. Preexisting subscription services shall post their Reports of Use online on or before the forty-fifth day after the close of each month, and continue to make... sound recording); (6) The marketing label of the commercially available album or other product on which...

37 CFR 270.2 - Reports of use of sound recordings under statutory license for preexisting subscription services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... license shall post and make available online its Reports of Use. Preexisting subscription services shall post their Reports of Use online on or before the forty-fifth day after the close of each month, and... sound recording); (6) The marketing label of the commercially available album or other product on which...

43 CFR 4.353 - Record.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Record. 4.353 Section 4.353 Public Lands... § 4.353 Record. (a) The administrative judge shall lodge the original record with the Project Director. (b) The record shall contain, where applicable, the following materials: (1) A copy of the posted...

43 CFR 4.353 - Record.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2012-10-01 2011-10-01 true Record. 4.353 Section 4.353 Public Lands... § 4.353 Record. (a) The administrative judge shall lodge the original record with the Project Director. (b) The record shall contain, where applicable, the following materials: (1) A copy of the posted...

43 CFR 4.353 - Record.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Record. 4.353 Section 4.353 Public Lands... § 4.353 Record. (a) The administrative judge shall lodge the original record with the Project Director. (b) The record shall contain, where applicable, the following materials: (1) A copy of the posted...

Terahertz analysis of stratified wall plaster at buildings of cultural importance across Europe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Walker, Gillian C.; Jackson, J. Bianca; Giovannacci, David; Bowen, John W.; Delandes, Bruno; Labaune, Julien; Mourou, Gerard; Menu, Michel; Detalle, Vincent

2013-05-01

Terahertz (THz) radiation is being developed as a tool for the analysis of cultural heritage, and due to recent advances in technology is now available commercially in systems which can be deployed for field analysis. The radiation is capable of penetrating up to one centimetre of wall plaster and is delivered in ultrafast pulses which are reflected from layers within this region. The technique is non-contact, non-invasive and non-destructive. While sub-surface radar is able to penetrate over a metre of wall plaster, producing details of internal structures, infrared and ultraviolet techniques produce information about the surface layers of wall plaster. THz radiation is able to provide information about the interim region of up to approximately one centimetre into the wall surface. Data from Chartres Cathedral, France, Riga Dome Cathedral, Latvia, and Chartreuse du Val de Bénédiction, France is presented each with different research questions. The presence of sub-surface paint layers was expected from documentary evidence, dating to the 13th Century, at Chartres Cathedral. In contrast, at the Riga Dome Cathedral surface painting had been obscured as recently as 1941 during the Russian occupation of Latvia using white lead-based paint. In the 13th Century, wall paintings at the Chapel of the Frescos, Chartreuse du Val de Benediction in Villeneuve les Avignon were constructed using sinopia under-painting on plaster covering uneven stonework.. This paper compares and contrasts the ability of THz radiation to provide information about sub-surface features in churches and Cathedrals across Europe by analysing depth based profiles gained from the reflected signal.

Factors influencing the caries experience of 6 and 12 year old children in Riga, Latvia.

PubMed

Gudkina, Jekaterina; Brinkmane, Anda; Abrams, Stephen H; Amaechi, Bennett T

2016-01-01

Authors assessed the influence of drinking tea with sugar, level of cariogenic microflora and use of fluoride toothpaste and tablets on caries experience of 6 and 12 year old children in Riga, Latvia. 141 six and 164 twelve year old children were examined clinically and with bitewing radiographs to determine their dmft/DMFT and dmfs/DMFS. Children or their parents responded to questionnaire on number teaspoons of sugar (TS) used per cup of tea, number of cups of tea consumed daily, using fluoride or non-fluoride toothpaste (TP), frequency of toothbrushing, using fluoride tablets or not (ft). Salivary mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli (LB) levels were measured in children with dmft/DMFT>4.0 for age of 6 (73% (n=103)), and for age of 12 (54% (n=88)). Impact of variables in caries status was determined using frequency tables and ANOVA, while proportion differences were tested using chi-square test. In 6 year olds, statistically significant associations were observed between the salivary microflora (MS, LB) and dt/DT (p=0.032; dt=3.71, DT=0.42), use of F-toothpaste (p=0.020), and TS (p<0.001). In 12 year olds, statistically significant (p<0.01) associations were observed between salivary microflora and dt/DT, ds/DS and dmft/DMFT. In both age groups, significant (p<0.001) association was demonstrated between dmfs/DMFS and salivary microflora, F-toothpaste and TS. The present study indicated that the caries development in Latvian children was associated with consumption of sugary tea and use of non-fluoride toothpaste.

PREFACE: Functional materials and nanotechnologies (FM&NT-2007)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sternberg, Andris; Muzikante, Inta

2007-06-01

The International Baltic Sea Region conference Functional Materials and Nanotechnologies (FM&NT-2007) was held in Riga, 2-4 April 2007 in the Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia (ISSP LU). The conference was organized in co-operation with projects ERANET 'MATERA' and EUREKA 'BIONANOCOMPOSITE'. The purpose of the conference was to bring together scientists, engineers and students from universities, research institutes and related industrial companies active in the field of advanced material science and materials technologies trends and future activities. Scientific themes covered in the conference are:

Research Ethics in the Context of Transition: Gaps in Policies and Programs on the Protection of Research Participants in the Selected Countries of Central and Eastern Europe.

PubMed

Famenka, Andrei

2016-12-01

This paper examines the ability of countries in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) to ensure appropriate protection of research participants in the field of increasingly globalizing biomedical research. By applying an analytical framework for identifying gaps in policies and programs for human subjects protection to four countries of CEE-Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland, substantial gaps in the scope and content of relevant policies and major impediments to program performance have been revealed. In these countries, public policies on the protection of research participants lack consistency and reliable mechanisms for their implementation. Impediments to program performance most often relate to inadequacies in the national research ethics systems with regard to organizational structure, budgetary support, supervision, and training. The level of research ethics capacity varies from country to country and depends on socio-economic and political factors of post-communist transition. The breadth and depth of the problems identified suggest that the current level of protection for research participants in CEE might be inadequate to the challenges posed by the globalization of biomedical research. In CEE countries, there is a need for strengthening research ethics capacity through modification of relevant policies and improvement of program management. The differences among the countries call for further research on identifying the best approaches for filling the gaps in the policies and programs aimed at ensuring effective protection of research participants.

Research ethics in the context of transition: gaps in policies and programs on the protection of research participants in the selected countries of Central and Eastern Europe

PubMed Central

Famenka, Andrei

2015-01-01

This paper examines the ability of countries in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) to ensure appropriate protection of research participants in the field of increasingly globalizing biomedical research. By applying an analytical framework for identifying gaps in policies and programs for human subjects protection to four countries of CEE – Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland, substantial gaps in the scope and content of relevant policies and major impediments to program performance have been revealed. In these countries, public policies on the protection of research participants lack consistency and reliable mechanisms for their implementation. Impediments to program performance most often relate to inadequacies in the national research ethics systems with regard to organizational structure, budgetary support, supervision, and training. The level of research ethics capacity varies from country to country and depends on socio-economic and political factors of post-communist transition. The breadth and depth of the problems identified suggest that the current level of protection for research participants in CEE might be inadequate to the challenges posed by the globalization of biomedical research. In CEE countries, there is a need for strengthening research ethics capacity through modification of relevant policies and improvement of program management. The differences among the countries call for further research on identifying the best approaches for filling the gaps in the policies and programs aimed at ensuring effective protection of research participants. PMID:26548313

Long duration exposure facility post-flight thermal analysis, part 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Berrios, William M.; Sampair, Thomas R.

1992-01-01

Results of the post-flight thermal analysis of the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) mission are presented. The LDEF mission thermal analysis was verified by comparing the thermal model results to flight data from the LDEF Thermal Measurements System (THERM). Post-flight calculated temperature uncertainties have been reduced to under +/- 18 F from the pre-flight uncertainties of +/- 40 F. The THERM consisted of eight temperature sensors, a shared tape recorder, a standard LDEF flight battery, and an electronics control box. The temperatures were measured at selected locations on the LDEF structure interior during the first 390 days of flight and recorded for post-flight analysis. After the LDEF retrieval from Space on 12 Jan. 1990, the tape recorder was recovered from the spacecraft and the data reduced for comparison to the LDEF predicted temperatures. The LDEF mission temperatures were calculated prior to the LDEF deployment on 7 Apr. 1980, and updated after the LDEF retrieval with the following actual flight parameter data: including thermal fluxes, spacecraft attitudes, thermal coatings degradation, and contamination effects. All updated data used for the calculation of post-flight temperatures is also presented in this document.

41 CFR 60-30.29 - Record.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Record. 60-30.29 Section... 11246 Post-Hearing Procedures § 60-30.29 Record. After expiration of the time for filing briefs and..., which shall be the final Administrative order, on the basis of the record. The record shall consist of...

41 CFR 60-30.29 - Record.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Record. 60-30.29 Section... 11246 Post-Hearing Procedures § 60-30.29 Record. After expiration of the time for filing briefs and..., which shall be the final Administrative order, on the basis of the record. The record shall consist of...

41 CFR 60-30.29 - Record.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 1 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Record. 60-30.29 Section... 11246 Post-Hearing Procedures § 60-30.29 Record. After expiration of the time for filing briefs and..., which shall be the final Administrative order, on the basis of the record. The record shall consist of...

41 CFR 60-30.29 - Record.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 1 2012-07-01 2009-07-01 true Record. 60-30.29 Section... 11246 Post-Hearing Procedures § 60-30.29 Record. After expiration of the time for filing briefs and..., which shall be the final Administrative order, on the basis of the record. The record shall consist of...

40 CFR 89.408 - Post-test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Post-test procedures. 89.408 Section... Procedures § 89.408 Post-test procedures. (a) A hangup check is recommended at the completion of the last...) Record the post-test data specified in § 89.405(f). (e) For a valid test, the zero and span checks...

40 CFR 86.342-79 - Post-test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Post-test procedures. 86.342-79... Post-test procedures. (a) Begin a hang-up check within 30 seconds of the completion of the last mode in... does not meet the requirements of § 86.328 the test is void. (d) Read and record the post-test data...

40 CFR 86.342-79 - Post-test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Post-test procedures. 86.342-79... Post-test procedures. (a) Begin a hang-up check within 30 seconds of the completion of the last mode in... does not meet the requirements of § 86.328 the test is void. (d) Read and record the post-test data...

40 CFR 90.411 - Post-test analyzer procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Post-test analyzer procedures. 90.411... Test Procedures § 90.411 Post-test analyzer procedures. (a) Perform a HC hang-up check within 60...), the test is void. (d) Read and record the post-test data specified in § 90.405(e). (e) For a valid...

40 CFR 90.411 - Post-test analyzer procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Post-test analyzer procedures. 90.411... Test Procedures § 90.411 Post-test analyzer procedures. (a) Perform a HC hang-up check within 60...), the test is void. (d) Read and record the post-test data specified in § 90.405(e). (e) For a valid...

40 CFR 90.411 - Post-test analyzer procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Post-test analyzer procedures. 90.411... Test Procedures § 90.411 Post-test analyzer procedures. (a) Perform a HC hang-up check within 60...), the test is void. (d) Read and record the post-test data specified in § 90.405(e). (e) For a valid...

40 CFR 90.411 - Post-test analyzer procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Post-test analyzer procedures. 90.411... Test Procedures § 90.411 Post-test analyzer procedures. (a) Perform a HC hang-up check within 60...), the test is void. (d) Read and record the post-test data specified in § 90.405(e). (e) For a valid...

40 CFR 89.408 - Post-test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Post-test procedures. 89.408 Section... Procedures § 89.408 Post-test procedures. (a) A hangup check is recommended at the completion of the last...) Record the post-test data specified in § 89.405(f). (e) For a valid test, the zero and span checks...

40 CFR 91.411 - Post-test analyzer procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Post-test analyzer procedures. 91.411... Post-test analyzer procedures. (a) Perform a hang-up check within 60 seconds of the completion of the... and record the post-test data specified in § 91.405(e). (e) For a valid test, the analyzer drift...

40 CFR 91.411 - Post-test analyzer procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Post-test analyzer procedures. 91.411... Post-test analyzer procedures. (a) Perform a hang-up check within 60 seconds of the completion of the... and record the post-test data specified in § 91.405(e). (e) For a valid test, the analyzer drift...

40 CFR 91.411 - Post-test analyzer procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2014-07-01 2013-07-01 true Post-test analyzer procedures. 91.411... Post-test analyzer procedures. (a) Perform a hang-up check within 60 seconds of the completion of the... and record the post-test data specified in § 91.405(e). (e) For a valid test, the analyzer drift...

40 CFR 91.411 - Post-test analyzer procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Post-test analyzer procedures. 91.411... Post-test analyzer procedures. (a) Perform a hang-up check within 60 seconds of the completion of the... and record the post-test data specified in § 91.405(e). (e) For a valid test, the analyzer drift...

40 CFR 89.408 - Post-test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Post-test procedures. 89.408 Section... Procedures § 89.408 Post-test procedures. (a) A hangup check is recommended at the completion of the last...) Record the post-test data specified in § 89.405(f). (e) For a valid test, the zero and span checks...

40 CFR 89.408 - Post-test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Post-test procedures. 89.408 Section... Procedures § 89.408 Post-test procedures. (a) A hangup check is recommended at the completion of the last...) Record the post-test data specified in § 89.405(f). (e) For a valid test, the zero and span checks...

40 CFR 89.408 - Post-test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2014-07-01 2013-07-01 true Post-test procedures. 89.408 Section 89... Procedures § 89.408 Post-test procedures. (a) A hangup check is recommended at the completion of the last...) Record the post-test data specified in § 89.405(f). (e) For a valid test, the zero and span checks...

40 CFR 86.342-79 - Post-test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Post-test procedures. 86.342-79... Post-test procedures. (a) Begin a hang-up check within 30 seconds of the completion of the last mode in... does not meet the requirements of § 86.328 the test is void. (d) Read and record the post-test data...

40 CFR 86.342-79 - Post-test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Post-test procedures. 86.342-79... Post-test procedures. (a) Begin a hang-up check within 30 seconds of the completion of the last mode in... does not meet the requirements of § 86.328 the test is void. (d) Read and record the post-test data...

40 CFR 91.411 - Post-test analyzer procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Post-test analyzer procedures. 91.411... Post-test analyzer procedures. (a) Perform a hang-up check within 60 seconds of the completion of the... and record the post-test data specified in § 91.405(e). (e) For a valid test, the analyzer drift...

40 CFR 90.411 - Post-test analyzer procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2014-07-01 2013-07-01 true Post-test analyzer procedures. 90.411... Test Procedures § 90.411 Post-test analyzer procedures. (a) Perform a HC hang-up check within 60...), the test is void. (d) Read and record the post-test data specified in § 90.405(e). (e) For a valid...

Post-Secondary Education in Canada: Strategies for Success. Report on Learning in Canada 2007

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Canadian Council on Learning, 2007

2007-01-01

In 2006, the Canadian Council on Learning produced the first national overview of post-secondary education in Canada. The report, "Canadian Post-secondary Education: A Positive Record--An Uncertain Future," identified eight goals and objectives derived from the strategic plans for post-secondary education (PSE) that had been developed by…

Multi-purpose ECG telemetry system.

PubMed

Marouf, Mohamed; Vukomanovic, Goran; Saranovac, Lazar; Bozic, Miroslav

2017-06-19

The Electrocardiogram ECG is one of the most important non-invasive tools for cardiac diseases diagnosis. Taking advantage of the developed telecommunication infrastructure, several approaches that address the development of telemetry cardiac devices were introduced recently. Telemetry ECG devices allow easy and fast ECG monitoring of patients with suspected cardiac issues. Choosing the right device with the desired working mode, signal quality, and the device cost are still the main obstacles to massive usage of these devices. In this paper, we introduce design, implementation, and validation of a multi-purpose telemetry system for recording, transmission, and interpretation of ECG signals in different recording modes. The system consists of an ECG device, a cloud-based analysis pipeline, and accompanied mobile applications for physicians and patients. The proposed ECG device's mechanical design allows laypersons to easily record post-event short-term ECG signals, using dry electrodes without any preparation. Moreover, patients can use the device to record long-term signals in loop and holter modes, using wet electrodes. In order to overcome the problem of signal quality fluctuation due to using different electrodes types and different placements on subject's chest, customized ECG signal processing and interpretation pipeline is presented for each working mode. We present the evaluation of the novel short-term recorder design. Recording of an ECG signal was performed for 391 patients using a standard 12-leads golden standard ECG and the proposed patient-activated short-term post-event recorder. In the validation phase, a sample of validation signals followed peer review process wherein two experts annotated the signals in terms of signal acceptability for diagnosis.We found that 96% of signals allow detecting arrhythmia and other signal's abnormal changes. Additionally, we compared and presented the correlation coefficient and the automatic QRS delineation results of both short-term post-event recorder and 12-leads golden standard ECG recorder. The proposed multi-purpose ECG device allows physicians to choose the working mode of the same device according to the patient status. The proposed device was designed to allow patients to manage the technical requirements of both working modes. Post-event short-term ECG recording using the proposed design provide physicians reliable three ECG leads with direct symptom-rhythm correlation.

Factors affecting the cement-post interface.

PubMed

Zicari, F; De Munck, J; Scotti, R; Naert, I; Van Meerbeek, B

2012-03-01

To evaluate the effect of different factors on the push-out bond strength of glass fiber posts luted in simulated (standard) root canals using different composite cements. Three types of glass-fiber root-canal posts with a different matrix, namely an epoxy resin (RelyX post, 3M ESPE), a proprietary composite resin (FRC-Plus post, Ivoclar-Vivadent), and a methacrylate resin (GC post, GC), and three types of composite cements, namely an etch-and-rinse Bis-GMA-based (Variolink II, Ivoclar-Vivadent), a self-etch 10-MDP-based (Clearfil Esthetic Cement, Kuraray) and a self-adhesive (RelyX Unicem, 3M ESPE) cement, were tested. Posts were either left untreated (control), were treated with silane, or coated with silicated alumina particles (Cojet system, 3M ESPE). Posts were inserted up to 9-mm depth into composite CAD-CAM blocks (Paradigm, 3M ESPE) in order to solely test the strength of the cement-post interface, while excluding interference of the cement-dentin interface. After 1-week storage at 37 °C, three sections (coronal, middle, apical) of 2-mm thickness were subjected to a push-out bond-strength test. All three variables, namely the type of post, the composite cement and the post-surface pre-treatment, were found to significantly affect the push-out bond strength (p<0.001). Regarding the type of post, a significantly lower push-out bond strength was recorded for the FRC-Plus post (Ivoclar-Vivadent); regarding the composite cement, a significantly higher push-out bond strength was recorded for the self-adhesive cement Unicem (3M ESPE); and regarding the post-surface treatment, a significantly higher push-out bond strength was recorded when the post-surface was beforehand subjected to a Cojet (3M ESPE) combined sandblasting/silicatization surface pre-treatment. Many interactions between these three variables were found to be significant as well (p<0.001). Finally, the push-out bond strength was found to significantly reduce with depth from coronal to apical. Laboratory testing revealed that different variables like the type of post, the composite cement and the post-surface pre-treatment may influence the cement-post interface, making clear guidelines for routine clinical practice hard to define. Further long-term durability testing may help to clarify, and should therefore be encouraged. Copyright © 2011 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Detection of tick-borne encephalitis virus in I. ricinus ticks collected from autumn migratory birds in Latvia.

PubMed

Kazarina, Alisa; Japiņa, Kristīne; Keišs, Oskars; Salmane, Ineta; Bandere, Dace; Capligina, Valentina; Ranka, Renāte

2015-03-01

Birds have a potential of spreading ticks via bird migration routes. In this study, we screened 170 ticks removed during autumn 2010 from 55 birds belonging to 10 species for the presence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). In total, TBEV RNA was detected in 14% of I. ricinus tick samples obtained from different birds species. The results of this study indicate the possible role of migrating birds in the dispersal of TBEV-infected ticks along the southward migration route. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Preliminary Results from Small-Pixel CdZnTe and CdTe Arrays

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ramsey, B. D.; Sharma, D. P.; Meisner, J.; Austin, R. A.

1999-01-01

We have evaluated 2 small-pixel (0.75 mm) Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride arrays, and one Cadmium-Telluride array, all fabricated for MSFC by Metorex (Finland) and Baltic Science Institute (Riga, Latvia). Each array was optimized for operating temperature and collection bias. It was then exposed to Cadmium-109 and Iron-55 laboratory isotopes, to measure the energy resolution for each pixel and was then scanned with a finely-collimated x-ray beam, of width 50 micron, to examine pixel to pixel and inter-pixel charge collections efficiency. Preliminary results from these array tests will be presented.

"Journal of Space Economics - theoretical and practical considerations"

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beldavs, VZ; Sommers, J.

2017-09-01

This paper will address theoretical and practical considerations for the emerging field of space economics and propose an editorial policy for a journal of space economics to provide a forum for the discussion of space economics issues. It is anticipated that initially the Journal of Space Economics will operate from two different nodes one offering a European perspective (University of Latvia) and the other a U.S. perspective (University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee). The first edition of the Journal of Space Economics will focus on issues likely to arise during the course of the International Lunar Decade 2020-2030.

Earth observation taken by the Expedition 11 crew

NASA Image and Video Library

2005-08-31

ISS011-E-12415 (31 August 2005) --- Aurora Borealis and lights in Finland, Russia, Estonia and Latvia are featured in this digital still picture taken by the Expedition 11 crew aboard the international space station. If it were daylight parts of the Eastern Baltic Sea would be visible. The station was over a point on Earth located at 50.6 degrees north latitude and 15.1 degees east longitude at the time. The cluster of stars to the lower right of the thin crescent Moon is the Praesepe or Beehive Cluster in Cancer. Just to the right of that is the planet Saturn.

Colour vision experimental studies in teaching of optometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ozolinsh, Maris; Ikaunieks, Gatis; Fomins, Sergejs

2005-10-01

Following aspects related to human colour vision are included in experimental lessons for optometry students of University of Latvia. Characteristics of coloured stimuli (emitting and reflective), determination their coordinates in different colour spaces. Objective characteristics of transmitting of colour stimuli through the optical system of eye together with various types of appliances (lenses, prisms, Fresnel prisms). Psychophysical determination of mono- and polychromatic stimuli perception taking into account physiology of eye, retinal colour photoreceptor topography and spectral sensitivity, spatial and temporal characteristics of retinal receptive fields. Ergonomics of visual perception, influence of illumination and glare effects, testing of colour vision deficiencies.

The Western Aeronautical Test Range. Chapter 10 Tools

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Knudtson, Kevin; Park, Alice; Downing, Robert; Sheldon, Jack; Harvey, Robert; Norcross, April

2011-01-01

The Western Aeronautical Test Range (WATR) staff at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center is developing a translation software called Chapter 10 Tools in response to challenges posed by post-flight processing data files originating from various on-board digital recorders that follow the Range Commanders Council Inter-Range Instrumentation Group (IRIG) 106 Chapter 10 Digital Recording Standard but use differing interpretations of the Standard. The software will read the date files regardless of the vendor implementation of the source recorder, displaying data, identifying and correcting errors, and producing a data file that can be successfully processed post-flight

3 Steps to Building a Personal Medical Record

MedlinePlus

... Record Medline Plus: Personal Health Records American Health Information Management Association: myPHR Log in or register to post comments f t k e P Blog Category: ... making emotions expert information meetings podcast side effects survivorship tips treatment More ...

77 FR 41173 - Notice of Proposed Information Collection Requests; Office of Postsecondary Education; Survey of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-12

... Postsecondary Education; Survey of Post-Graduate Outcomes for International Education Fellowship Recipients SUMMARY: This survey will focus on the post-graduate outcomes of students who received international... records. Title of Collection: Survey of Post-Graduate Outcomes for International Education Fellowship...

Comparative speed of efficacy against Ctenocephalides felis of two oral treatments for dogs containing either afoxolaner or fluralaner.

PubMed

Beugnet, Frederic; Liebenberg, Julian; Halos, Lenaïg

2015-01-30

A study was designed to compare the efficacy of NexGard(®) and Bravecto™, 2 recently introduced oral ectoparasiticides containing isoxazolines, against fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) on dogs. Twenty-four healthy dogs, weighing 9.2 kg to 28.6 kg, were included in this parallel group design, randomized, and controlled efficacy study. On Day -1, the 24 dogs were allocated to 3 study groups: untreated control; Nexgard(®) treated and Bravecto™ treated. The treatments were administered on Days 0, 28 and 56 for Nexgard(®) (labelled for monthly administration), and once on Day 0 for Bravecto™ (labelled for a 12 week use). Flea infestations were performed weekly with 100 adult unfed C. felis on each dog from Days 42 to 84. Fleas were counted and re-applied at 6 and 12 h post-infestation and removed and counted 24 h post-infestation. The arithmetic mean flea count for the untreated group ranged from 62.9 to 77.6 at 24 h post-infestation, indicating vigorous flea challenges on all assessment days. Both the Nexgard(®) and Bravecto™ treated groups had statistically significantly (p<0.05) less fleas compared to the untreated group on all assessment time points and days. Significantly fewer fleas were recorded for NexGard(®) treated dogs compared to Bravecto™ treated dogs at 6 h post-infestation on Day 56, 63, 70, 77 and 84 and at 12 h post-infestation on Days 70 and 84. No statistically significant (p<0.05) differences were recorded between the treated groups at 24 h post-infestation. Efficacies recorded 6 h post-infestation for Nexgard(®) ranged from 62.8% (Day 49) to 97.3% (Day 56), and efficacies ranged from 94.1% (Day 49) to 100% (Days 42, 56, 70 and 84) at 12 h post-infestation. Efficacies recorded for Bravecto™ ranged from 45.1% (Day 84) to 97.8% (Day 42) at 6 h post-infestation, and from 64.7% (Day 84) to 100% (Days 42 and 56) at 12 h post-infestation. Efficacies observed at 24 h were 100% for both products during the study except 99.6% on Day 84 for Bravecto™. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

SDVS Verification of a Stage 3 Ada Program.

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-09-30

testpblsort\\pc) 22 post: (<adatr while i < s - 1 1 i+ 1 end loop;>)], I orail p (0 le p & p it #j - 1 -- > *x[pJ le # xrp + 1]), I orall q (#j le q & q it #s...x) = 0) comod: (all) mod: (testctrsort\\pc,x) post: (forall p (0 le p & p lt .n - 1 42 -- #record(x[pl,b) le #record( xrp +4- ,)) forali q (.n I 1 t q

47 CFR 87.103 - Posting station license.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... records. (b) Aircraft radio stations. The license must be either posted in the aircraft or kept with the aircraft registration certificate. If a single authorization covers a fleet of aircraft, a copy of the license must be either posted in each aircraft or kept with each aircraft registration certificate. (c...

47 CFR 87.103 - Posting station license.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... records. (b) Aircraft radio stations. The license must be either posted in the aircraft or kept with the aircraft registration certificate. If a single authorization covers a fleet of aircraft, a copy of the license must be either posted in each aircraft or kept with each aircraft registration certificate. (c...

47 CFR 87.103 - Posting station license.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... records. (b) Aircraft radio stations. The license must be either posted in the aircraft or kept with the aircraft registration certificate. If a single authorization covers a fleet of aircraft, a copy of the license must be either posted in each aircraft or kept with each aircraft registration certificate. (c...

47 CFR 87.103 - Posting station license.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... records. (b) Aircraft radio stations. The license must be either posted in the aircraft or kept with the aircraft registration certificate. If a single authorization covers a fleet of aircraft, a copy of the license must be either posted in each aircraft or kept with each aircraft registration certificate. (c...

47 CFR 87.103 - Posting station license.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... records. (b) Aircraft radio stations. The license must be either posted in the aircraft or kept with the aircraft registration certificate. If a single authorization covers a fleet of aircraft, a copy of the license must be either posted in each aircraft or kept with each aircraft registration certificate. (c...

Post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans in children: CT features that predict responsiveness to pulse methylprednisolone.

PubMed

Yoon, H M; Lee, J S; Hwang, J-Y; Cho, Y A; Yoon, H-K; Yu, J; Hong, S-J; Yoon, C H

2015-05-01

Intravenous pulse methylprednisolone therapy (IPMT) is an important treatment option for post-infectious obliterative bronchiolitis (OB), although it must be used carefully and only in selected patients because of its drawbacks. This study evaluated whether CT and clinical features of children with post-infectious OB can predict their responsiveness to IPMT. We searched the medical records for patients (less than 18 years of age) who were diagnosed with post-infectious OB between January 2000 and December 2011. 17 children who received IPMT were included in this study. All underwent chest CT before and after IPMT. The radiological features seen on pre-treatment CT were recorded. The air-trapping area percentages on pre- and post-treatment CT images were determined. The nine patients who exhibited decreased air trapping on post-treatment CT scans relative to pre-treatment scans were classed as responders. The patient ages and time from initial pneumonia to IPMT were recorded. All responders and only four non-responders had thickened bronchial walls before treatment (p = 0.029). The two groups did not differ significantly in terms of bronchiolitis, bronchiectasis or the extent of air trapping, although the responders had a significantly shorter median interval between initial pneumonia and IPMT (4 vs 50 months; p = 0.005) and were significantly younger (median, 2.0 vs 7.5 years; p = 0.048). Immediate IPMT may improve the degree of air trapping in children with post-infectious OB if they show a thickened bronchial wall on CT. Children with post-infectious OB may respond favourably to IPMT when pre-treatment CT indicates bronchial-wall thickening.

32 CFR 34.42 - Retention and access requirements for records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Retention and access requirements for records. 34.42 Section 34.42 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD... ORGANIZATIONS Post-award Requirements Reports and Records § 34.42 Retention and access requirements for records...

32 CFR 34.42 - Retention and access requirements for records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Retention and access requirements for records. 34.42 Section 34.42 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD... ORGANIZATIONS Post-award Requirements Reports and Records § 34.42 Retention and access requirements for records...

15 CFR 904.260 - Recordation of hearing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...) NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL REGULATIONS CIVIL PROCEDURES Hearing and Appeal Procedures Post-Hearing § 904.260 Recordation of hearing. (a) All hearings...

15 CFR 904.260 - Recordation of hearing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL REGULATIONS CIVIL PROCEDURES Hearing and Appeal Procedures Post-Hearing § 904.260 Recordation of hearing. (a) All hearings...

42 CFR 495.108 - Posting of required information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... SERVICES (CONTINUED) STANDARDS AND CERTIFICATION STANDARDS FOR THE ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD TECHNOLOGY... addressee. (3) Business phone number. (4) Such other information as specified by CMS. (b) CMS posts, on its...

42 CFR 495.108 - Posting of required information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... SERVICES (CONTINUED) STANDARDS AND CERTIFICATION STANDARDS FOR THE ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD TECHNOLOGY... addressee. (3) Business phone number. (4) Such other information as specified by CMS. (b) CMS posts, on its...

42 CFR 495.108 - Posting of required information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... SERVICES (CONTINUED) STANDARDS AND CERTIFICATION STANDARDS FOR THE ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD TECHNOLOGY... addressee. (3) Business phone number. (4) Such other information as specified by CMS. (b) CMS posts, on its...

22 CFR 226.46 - Procurement records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Procurement records. 226.46 Section 226.46 Foreign Relations AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION OF ASSISTANCE AWARDS TO U.S. NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS Post-award Requirements Procurement Standards § 226.46 Procurement records...

17 CFR 256.163 - Stores expense undistributed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... (CONTINUED) UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR MUTUAL SERVICE COMPANIES AND SUBSIDIARY SERVICE COMPANIES, PUBLIC.... (5) Keeping stock records, including recording and posting of material receipts and issues and maintaining inventory record of stock. (6) Communication service. (7) Cash and other discounts not practically...

Eliminating Rabies in Estonia

PubMed Central

Cliquet, Florence; Robardet, Emmanuelle; Must, Kylli; Laine, Marjana; Peik, Katrin; Picard-Meyer, Evelyne; Guiot, Anne-Laure; Niin, Enel

2012-01-01

The compulsory vaccination of pets, the recommended vaccination of farm animals in grazing areas and the extermination of stray animals did not succeed in eliminating rabies in Estonia because the virus was maintained in two main wildlife reservoirs, foxes and raccoon dogs. These two species became a priority target therefore in order to control rabies. Supported by the European Community, successive oral vaccination (OV) campaigns were conducted twice a year using Rabigen® SAG2 baits, beginning in autumn 2005 in North Estonia. They were then extended to the whole territory from spring 2006. Following the vaccination campaigns, the incidence of rabies cases dramatically decreased, with 266 cases in 2005, 114 in 2006, four in 2007 and three in 2008. Since March 2008, no rabies cases have been detected in Estonia other than three cases reported in summer 2009 and one case in January 2011, all in areas close to the South-Eastern border with Russia. The bait uptake was satisfactory, with tetracycline positivity rates ranging from 85% to 93% in foxes and from 82% to 88% in raccoon dogs. Immunisation rates evaluated by ELISA ranged from 34% to 55% in foxes and from 38% to 55% in raccoon dogs. The rabies situation in Estonia was compared to that of the other two Baltic States, Latvia and Lithuania. Despite regular OV campaigns conducted throughout their territory since 2006, and an improvement in the epidemiological situation, rabies has still not been eradicated in these countries. An analysis of the number of baits distributed and the funding allocated by the European Commission showed that the strategy for rabies control is more cost-effective in Estonia than in Latvia and Lithuania. PMID:22393461

Health status of Russian minorities in former Soviet Republics.

PubMed

Groenewold, W G F; van Ginneken, J K

2011-08-01

To examine if, and to what extent, disparities in health status exist between ethnic Russians and the native majority populations of four former Soviet Republics; and to determine to what extent indicators of socio-economic status and lifestyle behaviours explain variations in health status. Data from the World Health Organization's World Health Surveys of former Soviet Republics that include information on ethnicity (i.e. Estonia, Latvia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Russia) were used. Russia was included as the benchmark population as it is the country of origin of ethnic Russians. Data were collected from respondents aged ≥25 years in 2001-2003. Principal component analysis was used to derive the Health Status Index and Household Wealth Index. Multiple classification analysis was applied to examine the effects of the determinants on health status, including ethnic group membership. In Estonia and Kazakhstan, ethnic Russians have, on average, a lower health status than members of the majority population, while their health status is higher in Ukraine. Higher levels of material wealth, educational attainment and physical activity were associated with a higher health status. The association of these variables with health status was often stronger than the association between ethnic group membership and health status. Differences in health status between Russian ethnic minorities and the majority populations were found in Estonia and Kazakhstan, but were non-existent in Latvia and were the opposite of what was expected in Ukraine. Use of the Health Status Index in combination with multiple classification analysis proved to be a useful approach to examine health status differentials, and to identify and profile vulnerable groups in a society. Copyright © 2011 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Impact of orphan drugs on Latvian budget.

PubMed

Logviss, Konstantins; Krievins, Dainis; Purvina, Santa

2016-05-11

Number of orphan medicinal products on the market and number of rare disease patients, taking these usually expensive products, are increasing. As a result, budget impact of orphan drugs is growing. This factor, along with the cost-effectiveness of orphan drugs, is often considered in the reimbursement decisions, directly affecting accessibility of rare disease therapies. The current study aims to assess the budget impact of orphan drugs in Latvia. Our study covered a 5-year period, from 2010 to 2014. Impact of orphan drugs on Latvian budget was estimated from the National Health Service's perspective. It was calculated in absolute values and relative to total pharmaceutical market and total drug reimbursement budget. A literature review was performed for comparison with other European countries. Orphan drug annual expenditure ranged between EUR 2.065 and 3.065 million, with total 5-year expenditure EUR 12.467 million. It constituted, on average, 0.84 % of total pharmaceutical market and 2.14 % of total drug reimbursement budget, respectively. Average annual per patient expenditures varied widely, from EUR 1 534 to EUR 580 952. The most costly treatment was enzyme replacement therapy (Elaprase) for MPS II. Glivec had the highest share (34 %) of the total orphan drug expenditure. Oncological drugs represented more than a half of the total orphan drug expenditure, followed by drugs for metabolic and endocrine conditions and medicines for cardiopulmonary diseases. Three indications: Ph+ CML, MPS II, and PAH accounted for nearly 90 % of the total orphan drug expenditure. Budget impact of orphan drugs in Latvia is very small. It increased slightly over a period of five years, due to the slight increase in the number of patients and the number of orphan drugs reimbursed. Current Latvian drug reimbursement system is not sufficient for most orphan drugs.

Biological therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases: Access in Central and Eastern Europe

PubMed Central

Rencz, Fanni; Péntek, Márta; Bortlik, Martin; Zagorowicz, Edyta; Hlavaty, Tibor; Śliwczyński, Andrzej; Diculescu, Mihai M; Kupcinskas, Limas; Gecse, Krisztina B; Gulácsi, László; Lakatos, Peter L

2015-01-01

Biological drugs opened up new horizons in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). This study focuses on access to biological therapy in IBD patients across 9 selected Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, namely Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Slovakia. Literature data on the epidemiology and disease burden of IBD in CEE countries was systematically reviewed. Moreover, we provide an estimation on prevalence of IBD as well as biological treatment rates. In all countries with the exception of Romania, lower biological treatment rates were observed in ulcerative colitis (UC) compared to Crohn’s disease despite the higher prevalence of UC. Great heterogeneity (up to 96-fold) was found in access to biologicals across the CEE countries. Poland, Bulgaria, Romania and the Baltic States are lagging behind Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic in their access to biologicals. Variations of reimbursement policy may be one of the factors explaining the differences to a certain extent in Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland, but association with other possible determinants (differences in prevalence and incidence, price of biologicals, total expenditure on health, geographical access, and cost-effectiveness results) was not proven. We assume, nevertheless, that health deterioration linked to IBD might be valued differently against other systemic inflammatory conditions in distinct countries and which may contribute to the immense diversity in the utilization of biological drugs for IBD. In conclusion, access to biologicals varies widely among CEE countries and this difference cannot be explained by epidemiological factors, drug prices or total health expenditure. Changes in reimbursement policy could contribute to better access to biologicals in some countries. PMID:25684937

Performance assessment through pre- and post-training evaluation of continuing medical education courses in prevention and management of cardio-vascular diseases in primary health care facilities of Armenia.

PubMed

Khachatryan, Lilit; Balalian, Arin

2013-12-01

To assess the difference of pre- and post-training performance evaluation of continuing medical education (CME) courses in cardio-vascular diseases (CVD) management among physicians at primary health care facilities of Armenian regions we conducted an evaluation survey. 212 medical records were surveyed on assessment of performance before and after the training courses through a self-employed structured questionnaire. Analysis of survey revealed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in a number of variables: threefold increased recording of lipids and body mass index (p = 0.001); moderate increased recording of comorbidities and aspirin prescription (p < 0.012); eightfold increased recording of dyslipidemia management plan, twofold increased recording for CVD management plan and fivefold increased recording for CVD absolute risk (p = 0.000). Missing records of electrocardiography and urine/creatinine analyses decreased statistically significantly (p < 0.05). Statistically significant decrease was observed in prescription of thiazides and angiotensin receptor blockers/angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (p < 0.005), while prescription of statins and statins with diet for dyslipidemia management showed increased recording (p < 0.05). Similarly, we observed increased records for counseling of rehabilitation physical activity (p = 0.006). In this survey most differences in pre- and post-evaluation of performance assessment may be explained by improved and interactive training modes, more advanced methods of demonstration of modeling. Current findings may serve a basis for future planning of CME courses for physicians of remote areas facing challenges in upgrading their knowledge, as well as expand the experience of performance assessment along with evaluation of knowledge scores.

LabTrove: A Lightweight, Web Based, Laboratory “Blog” as a Route towards a Marked Up Record of Work in a Bioscience Research Laboratory

PubMed Central

Milsted, Andrew J.; Hale, Jennifer R.; Frey, Jeremy G.; Neylon, Cameron

2013-01-01

Background The electronic laboratory notebook (ELN) has the potential to replace the paper notebook with a marked-up digital record that can be searched and shared. However, it is a challenge to achieve these benefits without losing the usability and flexibility of traditional paper notebooks. We investigate a blog-based platform that addresses the issues associated with the development of a flexible system for recording scientific research. Methodology/Principal Findings We chose a blog-based approach with the journal characteristics of traditional notebooks in mind, recognizing the potential for linking together procedures, materials, samples, observations, data, and analysis reports. We implemented the LabTrove blog system as a server process written in PHP, using a MySQL database to persist posts and other research objects. We incorporated a metadata framework that is both extensible and flexible while promoting consistency and structure where appropriate. Our experience thus far is that LabTrove is capable of providing a successful electronic laboratory recording system. Conclusions/Significance LabTrove implements a one-item one-post system, which enables us to uniquely identify each element of the research record, such as data, samples, and protocols. This unique association between a post and a research element affords advantages for monitoring the use of materials and samples and for inspecting research processes. The combination of the one-item one-post system, consistent metadata, and full-text search provides us with a much more effective record than a paper notebook. The LabTrove approach provides a route towards reconciling the tensions and challenges that lie ahead in working towards the long-term goals for ELNs. LabTrove, an electronic laboratory notebook (ELN) system from the Smart Research Framework, based on a blog-type framework with full access control, facilitates the scientific experimental recording requirements for reproducibility, reuse, repurposing, and redeployment. PMID:23935832

LabTrove: a lightweight, web based, laboratory "blog" as a route towards a marked up record of work in a bioscience research laboratory.

PubMed

Milsted, Andrew J; Hale, Jennifer R; Frey, Jeremy G; Neylon, Cameron

2013-01-01

The electronic laboratory notebook (ELN) has the potential to replace the paper notebook with a marked-up digital record that can be searched and shared. However, it is a challenge to achieve these benefits without losing the usability and flexibility of traditional paper notebooks. We investigate a blog-based platform that addresses the issues associated with the development of a flexible system for recording scientific research. We chose a blog-based approach with the journal characteristics of traditional notebooks in mind, recognizing the potential for linking together procedures, materials, samples, observations, data, and analysis reports. We implemented the LabTrove blog system as a server process written in PHP, using a MySQL database to persist posts and other research objects. We incorporated a metadata framework that is both extensible and flexible while promoting consistency and structure where appropriate. Our experience thus far is that LabTrove is capable of providing a successful electronic laboratory recording system. LabTrove implements a one-item one-post system, which enables us to uniquely identify each element of the research record, such as data, samples, and protocols. This unique association between a post and a research element affords advantages for monitoring the use of materials and samples and for inspecting research processes. The combination of the one-item one-post system, consistent metadata, and full-text search provides us with a much more effective record than a paper notebook. The LabTrove approach provides a route towards reconciling the tensions and challenges that lie ahead in working towards the long-term goals for ELNs. LabTrove, an electronic laboratory notebook (ELN) system from the Smart Research Framework, based on a blog-type framework with full access control, facilitates the scientific experimental recording requirements for reproducibility, reuse, repurposing, and redeployment.

40 CFR 31.42 - Retention and access requirements for records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... records. 31.42 Section 31.42 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE UNIFORM ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR GRANTS AND COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS Post-Award Requirements Reports, Records, Retention, and Enforcement § 31.42 Retention...

75 FR 38792 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-06

... inquiries to the 45 Space Wing Command Post, Patrick Air Force Base, FL 32925-3002. Requests must contain... Superintendent, 30 Space Wing Command Post 867 Washington Ave, Suite 205, Vandenberg Air Force Base, CA 93437... inquiries to 45 Space Wing Command Post, Patrick Air Force Base, FL 32925-3002. Requests must contain the...

The Impact of Recordings on Student Achievement in Critical Language Courses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scheyder, Elizabeth C.

2012-01-01

This study investigates the relationship between the use of classroom recordings and student achievement in critical foreign languages. Recording classrooms has become popular in recent years with the advent of digital media and inexpensive devices to play such files. It is now easy to create audio recordings of face-to-face classes and post them…

32 CFR 806.12 - Record availability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... manager, in coordination with the functional OPR, or the owner of the records, determines qualifying... clearance of these records with the PAO before posting on the WWW. (b) Normally, if the FOIA office or OPR... National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE ADMINISTRATION AIR FORCE...

32 CFR 806.12 - Record availability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... manager, in coordination with the functional OPR, or the owner of the records, determines qualifying... clearance of these records with the PAO before posting on the WWW. (b) Normally, if the FOIA office or OPR... National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE ADMINISTRATION AIR FORCE...

32 CFR 806.12 - Record availability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... manager, in coordination with the functional OPR, or the owner of the records, determines qualifying... clearance of these records with the PAO before posting on the WWW. (b) Normally, if the FOIA office or OPR... National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE ADMINISTRATION AIR FORCE...

32 CFR 806.12 - Record availability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... manager, in coordination with the functional OPR, or the owner of the records, determines qualifying... clearance of these records with the PAO before posting on the WWW. (b) Normally, if the FOIA office or OPR... National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE ADMINISTRATION AIR FORCE...

32 CFR 806.12 - Record availability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... manager, in coordination with the functional OPR, or the owner of the records, determines qualifying... clearance of these records with the PAO before posting on the WWW. (b) Normally, if the FOIA office or OPR... National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE ADMINISTRATION AIR FORCE...

41 CFR 60-250.80 - Recordkeeping

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...,000, the minimum record retention period shall be one year from the date of the making of the record... examination; job advertisements and postings; applications and resumes; tests and test results; interview...

41 CFR 60-300.80 - Recordkeeping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...,000, the minimum record retention period shall be one year from the date of the making of the record... examination; job advertisements and postings; applications and resumes; tests and test results; interview...

8 CFR 103.39 - Historical Records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...; street address; post-office address; date of birth; place of birth; citizenship; sex; marital status..., and in some cases, marriage, military, or police records may also be attached to the visa. (d...

8 CFR 103.39 - Historical Records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...; street address; post-office address; date of birth; place of birth; citizenship; sex; marital status..., and in some cases, marriage, military, or police records may also be attached to the visa. (d...

Record review to explore the adequacy of post-operative vital signs monitoring using a local modified early warning score (mews) chart to evaluate outcomes.

PubMed

Kyriacos, Una; Jelsma, Jennifer; Jordan, Sue

2014-01-01

1) To explore the adequacy of: vital signs' recordings (respiratory and heart rate, oxygen saturation, systolic blood pressure (BP), temperature, level of consciousness and urine output) in the first 8 post-operative hours; responses to clinical deterioration. 2) To identify factors associated with death on the ward between transfer from the theatre recovery suite and the seventh day after operation. Retrospective review of records of 11 patients who died plus four controls for each case. We reviewed clinical records of 55 patients who met inclusion criteria (general anaesthetic, age >13, complete records) from six surgical wards in a teaching hospital between 1 May and 31 July 2009. In the absence of guidelines for routine post-operative vital signs' monitoring, nurses' standard practice graphical plots of recordings were recoded into MEWS formats (0 = normal, 1-3 upper or lower limit) and their responses to clinical deterioration were interpreted using MEWS reporting algorithms. No patients' records contained recordings for all seven parameters displayed on the MEWS. There was no evidence of response to: 22/36 (61.1%) abnormal vital signs for patients who died that would have triggered an escalated MEWS reporting algorithm; 81/87 (93.1%) for controls. Death was associated with age, ≥61 years (OR 14.2, 3.0-68.0); ≥2 pre-existing co-morbidities (OR 75.3, 3.7-1527.4); high/low systolic BP on admission (OR 7.2, 1.5-34.2); tachycardia (≥111-129 bpm) (OR 6.6, 1.4-30.0) and low systolic BP (≤81-100 mmHg), as defined by the MEWS (OR 8.0, 1.9-33.1). Guidelines for post-operative vital signs' monitoring and reporting need to be established. The MEWS provides a useful scoring system for interpreting clinical deterioration and guiding intervention. Exploration of the ability of the Cape Town MEWS chart plus reporting algorithm to expedite recognition of signs of clinical and physiological deterioration and securing more skilled assistance is essential.

Calibration and Testing of Digital Zenith Camera System Components

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ulug, Rasit; Halicioglu, Kerem; Tevfik Ozludemir, M.; Albayrak, Muge; Basoglu, Burak; Deniz, Rasim

2017-04-01

Starting from the beginning of the new millennium, thanks to the Charged-Coupled Device (CCD) technology, fully or partly automatic zenith camera systems are designed and used in order to determine astro-geodetic deflections of the vertical components in several countries, including Germany, Switzerland, Serbia, Latvia, Poland, Austria, China and Turkey. The Digital Zenith Camera System (DZCS) of Turkey performed successful observations yet it needs to be improved in terms of automating the system and increasing observation accuracy. In order to optimize the observation time and improve the system, some modifications have been implemented. Through the modification process that started at the beginning of 2016, some DZCS components have been replaced with the new ones and some new additional components have been installed. In this presentation, the ongoing calibration and testing process of the DZCS are summarized in general. In particular, one of the tested system components is the High Resolution Tiltmeter (HRTM), which enable orthogonal orientation of DZCS to the direction of plump line, is discussed. For the calibration of these components, two tiltmeters with different accuracies (1 nrad and 0.001 mrad) were observed nearly 30 days. The data recorded under different environmental conditions were divided into hourly, daily, and weekly subsets. In addition to the effects of temperature and humidity, interoperability of two tiltmeters were also investigated. Results show that with the integration of HRTM and the other implementations, the modified DZCS provides higher accuracy for the determination of vertical deflections.

[Frequency distribution of HLA antigens and haplotypes in newly arrived inhabitants of Magadan].

PubMed

Solovenchuk, L L; Pereverzeva, V V; Nevretdinova, Z G

1994-09-01

Peculiarities of the frequency distribution of antigens and haplotypes of A, B, and Cw subloci of the HLA system in 924 Slavic inhabitants of Magadan are described. Significant differences in gene and haplotype frequencies between inhabitants of Magadan and those of Moscow, Odessa, Poles'e, Latvia, and England were revealed, which could not be attributed solely to the specificity of migration processes. On the basis of an analysis of gamete associations of the A and B subloci, an attempt was made to explain the specificity of the frequency distribution of HLA system alleles and haplotypes in the investigated sample from an ecological point of view.

Energy Efficiency and Sustainability of Different Building Structures in Latvian Climate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jakovičs, A.; Gendelis, S.; Bandeniece, L.

2015-11-01

Five experimental test buildings have been built in Riga, Latvia. They are identical except external walls for which different mainly regional building materials are used. Calculated U-values of the other walls, floor and ceiling are the same for each test building. Initial moisture influences the relative humidity of indoor air, which can be higher in the initial time period; as a result, heat transmittances are also very different and cause different heating/cooling energy consumption. Overheating risk in summer exists for test buildings with the smallest thermal inertia. Both summer and heating seasons have been analysed and differences between five test houses have been discussed in details.

6(th) Annual Symposium on Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG) applications and beyond, April 25-27, 2013, Riga, Latvia.

PubMed

Alzaid, Aus; Schlaeger, Christof; Hinzmann, Rolf

2013-12-01

International experts in the fields of diabetes, diabetes technology, endocrinology, and pediatrics gathered for the 6(th) Annual Symposium on Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG) Applications and beyond. The aim of this meeting was to continue setting up a global network of experts in this field and provide an international platform for exchange of ideas to improve life for people with diabetes. The 2013 meeting comprised a comprehensive scientific program, parallel interactive workshops, and two keynote lectures. All these discussions were intended to help identify gaps and areas where further scientific work and clinical studies are warranted.

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Air Flow, Heat Transfer and Thermal Comfort in Buildings with Different Heating Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sabanskis, A.; Virbulis, J.

2016-04-01

Monitoring of temperature, humidity and air flow velocity is performed in 5 experimental buildings with the inner size of 3×3×3 m3 located in Riga, Latvia. The buildings are equipped with different heating systems, such as an air-air heat pump, air-water heat pump, capillary heating mat on the ceiling and electric heater. Numerical simulation of air flow and heat transfer by convection, conduction and radiation is carried out using OpenFOAM software and compared with experimental data. Results are analysed regarding the temperature and air flow distribution as well as thermal comfort.

Incidence of Listeria spp. in Dairy Cows Feed and Raw Milk in Latvia

PubMed Central

Konosonoka, I. H.; Jemeljanovs, A.; Osmane, B.; Ikauniece, D.; Gulbe, G.

2012-01-01

Feed is a risk factor for poisoning the farm environment thus also fresh milk with pathogenic microorganisms of Listeria genus species. Listeria ivanovii, Listeria innocua, and Listeria seeligeri were isolated from 9.2%, but Listeria monocytogenes from 20.0% of feed samples. Most often different fodders (9.3%) and silage (4.7%) were contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. Listeria genus species were isolated more often from feed prepared and used in organic dairy farm than from that used in conventional dairy farm, correspondingly 44.4% and 18.3%. No Listeria monocytogenes was found in bulk milk samples of organic dairy farm. PMID:23738125

40 CFR 86.142-90 - Records required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... period and at the end of each sample period. (5) The stabilized pre-test weight and post-test weight of...-Duty Vehicles; Test Procedures § 86.142-90 Records required. The following information shall be recorded with respect to each test: (a) Test number. (b) System or device tested (brief description). (c...

40 CFR 86.142-90 - Records required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... period and at the end of each sample period. (5) The stabilized pre-test weight and post-test weight of...-Duty Vehicles; Test Procedures § 86.142-90 Records required. The following information shall be recorded with respect to each test: (a) Test number. (b) System or device tested (brief description). (c...

40 CFR 86.142-90 - Records required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... period and at the end of each sample period. (5) The stabilized pre-test weight and post-test weight of...-Duty Vehicles; Test Procedures § 86.142-90 Records required. The following information shall be recorded with respect to each test: (a) Test number. (b) System or device tested (brief description). (c...

40 CFR 86.142-90 - Records required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... period and at the end of each sample period. (5) The stabilized pre-test weight and post-test weight of...-Duty Vehicles; Test Procedures § 86.142-90 Records required. The following information shall be recorded with respect to each test: (a) Test number. (b) System or device tested (brief description). (c...

40 CFR 86.142-90 - Records required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... period and at the end of each sample period. (5) The stabilized pre-test weight and post-test weight of...-Duty Vehicles; Test Procedures § 86.142-90 Records required. The following information shall be recorded with respect to each test: (a) Test number. (b) System or device tested (brief description). (c...

22 CFR 226.53 - Retention and access requirements for records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Retention and access requirements for records. 226.53 Section 226.53 Foreign Relations AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION OF ASSISTANCE AWARDS TO U.S. NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS Post-award Requirements Reports and Records § 226.53...

22 CFR 226.50 - Purpose of reports and records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Purpose of reports and records. 226.50 Section 226.50 Foreign Relations AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION OF ASSISTANCE AWARDS TO U.S. NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS Post-award Requirements Reports and Records § 226.50 Purpose of...

32 CFR 33.42 - Retention and access requirements for records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Retention and access requirements for records. 33.42 Section 33.42 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD... AGREEMENTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS Post-Award Requirements Reports, Records, Retention, and...

32 CFR 33.42 - Retention and access requirements for records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Retention and access requirements for records. 33.42 Section 33.42 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD... AGREEMENTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS Post-Award Requirements Reports, Records, Retention, and...

32 CFR 33.42 - Retention and access requirements for records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Retention and access requirements for records. 33.42 Section 33.42 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD... AGREEMENTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS Post-Award Requirements Reports, Records, Retention, and...

32 CFR 33.42 - Retention and access requirements for records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Retention and access requirements for records. 33.42 Section 33.42 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD... AGREEMENTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS Post-Award Requirements Reports, Records, Retention, and...

Alaska Department of Natural Resources

Science.gov Websites

Land Records Information/Status Plats Office of History and Archaeology Applications and many others many of these applications and pages Posted: March 7, 2013 DNR applications, including mapping recorded documents UCC Online Filing Search land case files and abstracts Search for land records More

29 CFR 1602.13 - Records as to racial or ethnic identity of employees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Records as to racial or ethnic identity of employees. 1602... Employers § 1602.13 Records as to racial or ethnic identity of employees. Employers may acquire the... force, or at their option, by the maintenance of post-employment records as to the identity of employees...

29 CFR 1602.13 - Records as to racial or ethnic identity of employees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 4 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Records as to racial or ethnic identity of employees. 1602... Employers § 1602.13 Records as to racial or ethnic identity of employees. Employers may acquire the... force, or at their option, by the maintenance of post-employment records as to the identity of employees...

29 CFR 1602.13 - Records as to racial or ethnic identity of employees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 4 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Records as to racial or ethnic identity of employees. 1602... Employers § 1602.13 Records as to racial or ethnic identity of employees. Employers may acquire the... force, or at their option, by the maintenance of post-employment records as to the identity of employees...

29 CFR 1602.13 - Records as to racial or ethnic identity of employees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 4 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Records as to racial or ethnic identity of employees. 1602... Employers § 1602.13 Records as to racial or ethnic identity of employees. Employers may acquire the... force, or at their option, by the maintenance of post-employment records as to the identity of employees...

29 CFR 1602.13 - Records as to racial or ethnic identity of employees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 4 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Records as to racial or ethnic identity of employees. 1602... Employers § 1602.13 Records as to racial or ethnic identity of employees. Employers may acquire the... force, or at their option, by the maintenance of post-employment records as to the identity of employees...

Financial impact of inaccurate Adverse Event recording post Hip Fracture surgery: Addendum to 'Adverse event recording post hip fracture surgery'.

PubMed

Lee, Matthew J; Doody, Kevin; Mohamed, Khalid M S; Butler, Audrey; Street, John; Lenehan, Brian

2018-02-15

A study in 2011 by (Doody et al. Ir Med J 106(10):300-302, 2013) looked at comparing inpatient adverse events recorded prospectively at the point of care, with adverse events recorded by the national Hospital In-Patient Enquiry (HIPE) System. In the study, a single-centre University Hospital in Ireland treating acute hip fractures in an orthopaedic unit recorded 39 patients over a 2-month (August-September 2011) period, with 55 adverse events recorded prospectively in contrast to the HIPE record of 13 (23.6%) adverse events. With the recent change in the Irish hospital funding model from block grant to an 'activity-based funding' on the basis of case load and case complexity, the hospital financial allocation is dependent on accurate case complexity coding. A retrospective assessment of the financial implications of the two methods of adverse incident recording was carried out. A total of €39,899 in 'missed funding' for 2 months was calculated when the ward-based, prospectively collected data was compared to the national HIPE data. Accurate data collection is paramount in facilitating activity-based funding, to improve patient care and ensure the appropriate allocation of resources.

Using Wage Record Data To Track the Post-College Employment and Earnings of Community College Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Friedlander, Jack

The Post-Education Employment Tracking System (PEETS), operated by the Chancellor's Office of the California Community Colleges (CCC) in cooperation with the State of California's Employment Development Department (EDD), is an automated system for tracking the post-college employment rates and earnings of community college program completers and…

20 CFR Appendix C to Part 617 - Standard for Fraud and Overpayment Detection

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... cases to test the effectiveness of the agency's procedures for the prevention of payments which are not... records are comonly made either by post-audit or by industry surveys. The so-called “post-audit” is a... to be checked against concurrent benefit lists. A plan of investigation based on a sample post-audit...

20 CFR Appendix C to Part 617 - Standard for Fraud and Overpayment Detection

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... cases to test the effectiveness of the agency's procedures for the prevention of payments which are not... records are comonly made either by post-audit or by industry surveys. The so-called “post-audit” is a... to be checked against concurrent benefit lists. A plan of investigation based on a sample post-audit...

20 CFR Appendix C to Part 617 - Standard for Fraud and Overpayment Detection

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... cases to test the effectiveness of the agency's procedures for the prevention of payments which are not... records are comonly made either by post-audit or by industry surveys. The so-called “post-audit” is a... to be checked against concurrent benefit lists. A plan of investigation based on a sample post-audit...

76 FR 53898 - Proposed Administrative Settlement Agreement and Order on Consent; In Re: Ely Copper Mine...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-30

... inspection at the US EPA Region 1 OSRR Records and Information Center, 5 Post Office Square, Suite 100... Regional Hearing Clerk, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region I, 5 Post Office Square, Suite 100... Post Office Square, Suite 100, Boston, MA 02109. In addition, a copy of the proposed settlement...

Anticipating the Gap: The Reality Between Aim and the Object

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-12-01

Huffington Post.com, July 29. This type of attritional warfare post -conventional battle can by termed barbarism. Jeffrey Record points out that: “Reliance...than a military victory. (monograph author’s emphasis); Jodie T. Allen, “Polling Wars: Hawks vs. Doves,” Pew Research Center, posted November 23, 2009...29 George H.W. Bush, Bush makes historic speech on warship, CNN.com/U.S., posted May 1st, 2003, http

Emergency Physician Task Switching Increases With the Introduction of a Commercial Electronic Health Record.

PubMed

Benda, Natalie C; Meadors, Margaret L; Hettinger, A Zachary; Ratwani, Raj M

2016-06-01

We evaluate how the transition from a homegrown electronic health record to a commercial one affects emergency physician work activities from initial introduction to long-term use. We completed a quasi-experimental study across 3 periods during the transition from a homegrown system to a commercially available electronic health record with computerized provider order entry. Observation periods consisted of pre-implementation, 1 month before the implementation of the commercial electronic health record; "go-live" 1 week after implementation; and post-implementation, 3 to 4 months after use began. Fourteen physicians were observed in each period (N=42) with a minute-by-minute observation template to record emergency physician time allocation across 5 task-based categories (computer, verbal communication, patient room, paper [chart/laboratory results], and other). The average number of tasks physicians engaged in per minute was also analyzed as an indicator of task switching. From pre- to post-implementation, there were no significant differences in the amount of time spent on the various task categories. There were changes in time allocation from pre-implementation to go-live and go-live to pre-implementation, characterized by a significant increase in time spent on computer tasks during go-live relative to the other periods. Critically, the number of tasks physicians engaged in per minute increased from 1.7 during pre-implementation to 1.9 during post-implementation (difference 0.19 tasks per minute; 95% confidence interval 0.039 to 0.35). The increase in the number of tasks physicians engaged in per minute post-implementation indicates that physicians switched tasks more frequently. Frequent task switching behavior raises patient safety concerns. Copyright © 2015 American College of Emergency Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Post-exercise contractility, diastolic function, and pressure: Operator-independent sensor-based intelligent monitoring for heart failure telemedicine

PubMed Central

Bombardini, Tonino; Gemignani, Vincenzo; Bianchini, Elisabetta; Pasanisi, Emilio; Pratali, Lorenza; Pianelli, Mascia; Faita, Francesco; Giannoni, Massimo; Arpesella, Giorgio; Sicari, Rosa; Picano, Eugenio

2009-01-01

Background New sensors for intelligent remote monitoring of the heart should be developed. Recently, a cutaneous force-frequency relation recording system has been validated based on heart sound amplitude and timing variations at increasing heart rates. Aim To assess sensor-based post-exercise contractility, diastolic function and pressure in normal and diseased hearts as a model of a wireless telemedicine system. Methods We enrolled 150 patients and 22 controls referred for exercise-stress echocardiography, age 55 ± 18 years. The sensor was attached in the precordial region by an ECG electrode. Stress and recovery contractility were derived by first heart sound amplitude vibration changes; diastolic times were acquired continuously. Systemic pressure changes were quantitatively documented by second heart sound recording. Results Interpretable sensor recordings were obtained in all patients (feasibility = 100%). Post-exercise contractility overshoot (defined as increase > 10% of recovery contractility vs exercise value) was more frequent in patients than controls (27% vs 8%, p < 0.05). At 100 bpm stress heart rate, systolic/diastolic time ratio (normal, < 1) was > 1 in 20 patients and in none of the controls (p < 0.01); at recovery systolic/diastolic ratio was > 1 in only 3 patients (p < 0.01 vs stress). Post-exercise reduced arterial pressure was sensed. Conclusion Post-exercise contractility, diastolic time and pressure changes can be continuously measured by a cutaneous sensor. Heart disease affects not only exercise systolic performance, but also post-exercise recovery, diastolic time intervals and blood pressure changes – in our study, all of these were monitored by a non-invasive wearable sensor. PMID:19442285

Upper Devonian vertebrate taphonomy and sedimentology from the Klunas fossil site, Tervete Formation, Latvia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vasiļkova, J.; Lukševičs, E.; Stinkulis, Ä.¢.; Zupinš, I.

2012-04-01

The deposits of the Tervete Formation, Famennian Stage of Latvia, comprising weakly cemented sandstone and sand intercalated with dolomitic marls, siltstone and clay, have been traditionally interpreted as having formed in a shallow, rather restricted sea with lowered salinity. During seven field seasons the excavations took place in the south-western part of Latvia, at the Klunas site, and resulted in extensive palaeontological and sedimentological data. The taphonomical analysis has been performed, having evaluated the size, sorting, orientation of the fossils, articulation and skeletal preservation as well as the degree of fragmentation and abrasion. The sedimentological analysis involved interpretation of sedimentary structures, palaeocurrent direction reconstruction, grain-size analysis and approximate water depth calculations. The vertebrate assemblage of the Klunas site represents all known taxa of the Sparnene Regional Stage of the Baltic Devonian, comprising placoderms Bothriolepis ornata Eichwald, B. jani Lukševičs, Phyllolepis tolli Vasiliauskas, Dunkleosteus sp. and Chelyophorus sp., sarcopterygians Holoptychius nobilissimus Agassiz, Platycephalichthys skuenicus Vorobyeva, Cryptolepis sp., Conchodus sp., Glyptopomus ? sp., "Strunius" ? sp., and Dipterus sp., as well as an undetermined actinopterygian. Placoderms Bothriolepis ornata and B. jani dominate the assemblage. The fossils are represented in the main by fully disarticulated placoderm plates and plate fragments, sarcopterygian scales and teeth, rarely bones of the head and shoulder girdle, and acanthodian spines and scales. The characteristic feature is the great amount of fragmentary remains several times exceeding the number of intact bones. The horizontal distribution of the bones over the studied area is not homogenous, distinct zones of increased or decreased density of fossils can be traced. Zones of the increased density usually contain many elements of various sizes, whereas zones of the decreased density might be subdivided into two types: 1, with limited number of large bones; 2, with scattered relatively small scales or fragments. The shape and size of zones of increased density of fossils slightly resemble that of subaqueous dunes. Within the Klunas fossil site three taphonomically distinct oryctocoenoses can be traced, differing in the compactness of accumulation, size, disarticulation and fragmentation of bones and showing various degree of mixing of repeatedly buried and very fresh, partially articulated material. Analysis of similarities and differences between these oryctocoenoses demonstrates that all are sedimentary concentrations and have to be assessed as allochtonous assemblages. However, despite these differences, the 1st and the 3rd oryctocoenoses, which have been formed as vertebrate bone accumulations on the bottom of an erosional channel, have much in common contrary to the 2nd oryctocoenosis, which exemplifies the lens of fossil bearing cross-stratified sandstone formed in subaqueous dunes. The concentrations of vertebrate remains have been formed under the influence of fluvial and tidal processes in the shallow water environment, most probably deltaic or estuarine settings. It has been found also that elongated placoderm and sarcopterygian bones might be better indicators of the palaeoflow direction in comparison with very elongated, but dense acanthodian spines or sarcopterygian teeth.

Multi proxy chemical properties of freshwater sapropel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stankevica, Karina; Rutina, Liga; Burlakovs, Juris; Klavins, Maris

2014-05-01

Freshwater sapropel is organic rich lake sediment firstly named "gyttja" by Hampus van Post in 1862. It is composed of organic remains such as shell detritus, plankton, chitin of insects, spores of higher plants and mineral part formed in eutrophic lake environments. The most appropriate environments for the formation of sapropel are in shallow, overgrown post-glacial lakes and valleys of big rivers in boreal zone, while thick deposits of such kind of organic sediments rarely can be found in lakes on permafrost, mountainous regions or areas with increased aridity. Organic lake sediments are divided in 3 classes according the content of organic matter and mineral part: biogenic, clastic and mixed. The value of sapropel as natural resource increases with the content of organic matter and main applications of sapropel are in agriculture, medicine, cosmetic and chemical industry. The research of sapropel in Latvia has shown that the total amount of this natural resource is close to 2 billion m3 or ~500 million tons. Sapropel has fine, dispersed structure and is plastic, but colour due to the high natural content of phosphorus usually is dark blue, later after drying it becomes light blue. Main research of the sapropel nowadays is turned to investigation of interactions among organic and mineral part of the sapropel with living organisms thus giving the inside look in processes and biological activity of the formation. From the chemical point of view sapropel contains lipids (bitumen), water-soluble substances that are readily hydrolyzed, including humic and fulvic acids, cellulose and the residual part, which does not hydrolyze. In this work we have analyzed the class of organic sapropel: peaty, cyanobacterial and green algal types, as well as siliceous sapropel, in order to determine the presence of biologically active substances, including humic substances, proteins and enzymes as well as to check free radical scavenging activity. Samples were collected from lakes which are recognized as promising for sapropel extraction and the study may benefit the use of sapropel for soil amendments, feed additives and chemical processing.

27 CFR 22.163 - Time for making entries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS DISTRIBUTION AND USE OF TAX-FREE ALCOHOL Records of Transactions § 22.163..., the daily posting of records may be deferred to conform to the permittee's normal accounting cycle if...

32 CFR 32.50 - Purpose of reports and records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Purpose of reports and records. 32.50 Section 32.50 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT..., HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award Requirements Reports and Records § 32.50 Purpose of...

32 CFR 32.50 - Purpose of reports and records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Purpose of reports and records. 32.50 Section 32.50 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT..., HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award Requirements Reports and Records § 32.50 Purpose of...

32 CFR 32.50 - Purpose of reports and records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Purpose of reports and records. 32.50 Section 32.50 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT..., HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award Requirements Reports and Records § 32.50 Purpose of...

32 CFR 32.50 - Purpose of reports and records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Purpose of reports and records. 32.50 Section 32.50 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT..., HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award Requirements Reports and Records § 32.50 Purpose of...

32 CFR 32.50 - Purpose of reports and records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Purpose of reports and records. 32.50 Section 32.50 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT..., HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award Requirements Reports and Records § 32.50 Purpose of...

49 CFR 19.50 - Purpose of reports and records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Purpose of reports and records. 19.50 Section 19.50 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation UNIFORM ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR GRANTS AND AGREEMENTS WITH INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award Requirements Reports and Records...

49 CFR 19.50 - Purpose of reports and records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Purpose of reports and records. 19.50 Section 19.50 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation UNIFORM ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR GRANTS AND AGREEMENTS WITH INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award Requirements Reports and Records...

The sinusoidal probe: a new approach to improve electrode longevity

PubMed Central

Sohal, Harbaljit S.; Jackson, Andrew; Jackson, Richard; Clowry, Gavin J.; Vassilevski, Konstantin; O’Neill, Anthony; Baker, Stuart N.

2014-01-01

Micromotion between the brain and implanted electrodes is a major contributor to the failure of invasive brain–machine interfaces. Movements of the electrode tip cause recording instabilities while spike amplitudes decline over the weeks/months post-implantation due to glial cell activation caused by sustained mechanical trauma. We have designed a sinusoidal probe in order to reduce movement of the recording tip relative to the surrounding neural tissue. The probe was microfabricated from flexible materials and incorporated a sinusoidal shaft to minimize tethering forces and a 3D spheroid tip to anchor the recording site within the brain. Compared to standard microwire electrodes, the signal-to-noise ratio and local field potential power of sinusoidal probe recordings from rabbits was more stable across recording periods up to 678 days. Histological quantification of microglia and astrocytes showed reduced neuronal tissue damage especially for the tip region between 6 and 24 months post-implantation. We suggest that the micromotion-reducing measures incorporated into our design, at least partially, decreased the magnitude of gliosis, resulting in enhanced longevity of recording. PMID:24808859

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Pendulum impact tests of wooden and steel highway guardrail posts

Treesearch

Charles J. Gatchell; Jarvis D. Michie

1974-01-01

Impact strength characteristics of southern pine, red oak, and steel highway guardrail posts were evaluated in destructive impact testing with a 4,000-pound pendulum at the Southwest Research Institute. Effects were recorded with high-speed motion-picture equipment. Comparisons were based on reactions to the point of major post failure. Major comparisons of 6x6-inch...

25 CFR 115.416 - Will the United States post office forward mail regarding a minor's supervised account to a...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... a minor's supervised account to a forwarding address left with the United States post office? 115... office forward mail regarding a minor's supervised account to a forwarding address left with the United... forwarded to an address left with the United States post office. The new address of record must be provided...

25 CFR 115.416 - Will the United States post office forward mail regarding a minor's supervised account to a...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... a minor's supervised account to a forwarding address left with the United States post office? 115... office forward mail regarding a minor's supervised account to a forwarding address left with the United... forwarded to an address left with the United States post office. The new address of record must be provided...

25 CFR 115.416 - Will the United States post office forward mail regarding a minor's supervised account to a...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... a minor's supervised account to a forwarding address left with the United States post office? 115... office forward mail regarding a minor's supervised account to a forwarding address left with the United... forwarded to an address left with the United States post office. The new address of record must be provided...

76 FR 39401 - Proposed CERCLA Administrative Cost Recovery Settlement Agreement; Textron Inc., Whittaker...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-06

....S. EPA Region 1, 5 Post Office Square, Suite 100, Boston, MA 02109-3912. DATES: Comments must be... at U.S. EPA Region 1, OSRR Records and Information Center, 5 Post Office Square, Suite 100, Mailcode... be addressed to Audrey Zucker, U.S. EPA Region 1, 5 Post Office Square, Suite 100, Mailcode OES04-2...

25 CFR 115.416 - Will the United States post office forward mail regarding a minor's supervised account to a...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... forwarded to an address left with the United States post office. The new address of record must be provided... a minor's supervised account to a forwarding address left with the United States post office? 115... office forward mail regarding a minor's supervised account to a forwarding address left with the United...

25 CFR 115.416 - Will the United States post office forward mail regarding a minor's supervised account to a...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... forwarded to an address left with the United States post office. The new address of record must be provided... a minor's supervised account to a forwarding address left with the United States post office? 115... office forward mail regarding a minor's supervised account to a forwarding address left with the United...

42 CFR 495.108 - Posting of required information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 495.108 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) STANDARDS AND CERTIFICATION STANDARDS FOR THE ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD TECHNOLOGY.... (a) CMS posts, on its Internet Web site, the following information regarding EPs, eligible hospitals...

5 CFR 1605.12 - Removal of erroneous contributions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... negative adjustment record is posted by the TSP record keeper within one year of the date the erroneous... affected by the length of time the contributions have been in the account. (f)(1) If multiple negative...

Prospective Identification of Oligoclonal/Abnormal Band of the Same Immunoglobulin Type as the Malignant Clone by Differential Location of M-Spike and Oligoclonal Band.

PubMed

Vyas, Shikhar G; Singh, Gurmukh

2017-10-01

Serum and urine protein electrophoreses and immunofixation electrophoreses are the gold standards in diagnosing monoclonal gammopathy. Identification of oligoclonal bands in post-treatment patients has emerged as an important issue and recording the location of the malignant monoclonal peak may facilitate prospective identification of a new "monoclonal" spike as being distinct from the malignant peak. We recorded the locations of monoclonal spikes in descriptive terms, such as being in the cathodal region, mid-gamma region, anodal region, and beta region. The location of monoclonal or restricted heterogeneity bands in subsequent protein electrophoreses was compared to the location of the original malignant spike. In a patient with plasma cell myeloma, the original monoclonal IgG kappa band was located at the anodal end of gamma region. Post-treatment, an IgG kappa band was noted in mid-gamma region and the primary malignant clone was not detectable by serum protein immunofixation electrophoresis (SIFE) in post-treatment sample. Even though the κ/λ ratio remained abnormal, we were able to recognize stringent complete response by noting the different location of the new IgG kappa band as a benign regenerative process. Recording the location of the malignant monoclonal spike facilitates the identification of post-treatment oligoclonal bands, prospectively. Recognizing the regenerative, benign, bands in post-transplant patients facilitates the determination of stringent complete response despite an abnormal κ/λ ratio.

Improving patient-centered communication while using an electronic health record: Report from a curriculum evaluation.

PubMed

Fogarty, Colleen T; Winters, Paul; Farah, Subrina

2016-05-01

Researchers and clinicians are concerned about the impact of electronic health record use and patient-centered communication. Training about patient-centered clinical communication skills with the electronic health record may help clinicians adapt and remain patient-centered. We developed an interactive workshop eliciting challenges and opportunities of working with the electronic health record in clinical practice, introduction of specific patient-centered behaviors and mindful practice techniques, and video demonstrating contrasts in common behavior and "better practices." One hundred thirty-nine resident physicians and faculty supervisors in five residency training programs at the University of Rochester Medical Center participated in the workshops. Participants were asked to complete an 11-item survey of behaviors related to their use of the electronic health record prior to training and after attending training. We used paired t-tests to assess changes in self-reported behavior from pre-intervention to post-intervention. We trained 139 clinicians in the workshops; 110 participants completed the baseline assessment and 39 completed both the baseline and post-intervention assessment. Data from post-curriculum respondents found a statistically significant increase in "I told the patient when turning my attention from the patient to the computer," from 60% of the time prior to the training to 70% of the time after. Data from our program evaluation demonstrated improvement in one communication behavior. Sample size limited the detection of other changes; further research should investigate effective training techniques for patient-centered communication while using the electronic health record. © The Author(s) 2016.

The role of home-based records in the establishment of a continuum of care for mothers, newborns, and children in Indonesia.

PubMed

Osaki, Keiko; Hattori, Tomoko; Kosen, Soewarta

2013-05-06

The provision of appropriate care along the continuum of maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) service delivery is a challenge in developing countries. To improve this, in the 1990s, Indonesia introduced the maternal and child health (MCH) handbook, as an integrated form of parallel home-based records. This study aimed to identify the roles of home-based records both before and after childbirth, especially in provinces where the MCH handbook (MCHHB) was extensively promoted, by examining their association with MNCH service uptake. This was a cross-sectional study using nationally representative data sets, the Indonesia Demographic and Health Surveys (IDHSs) from 1997, 2002-2003, and 2007. The IDHS identifies respondents' ownership of home-based records before and after childbirth. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine associations between record ownership and service utilisation in national data and data from two provinces, West Sumatra and North Sulawesi, where ownership of pre- and post-natal records served as a proxy for MCHHB ownership. Pre- and post-natal record ownership increased from 1997 to 2007. Provincial data from 2007 showed that handbook ownership was associated with having delivery assisted by trained personnel [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-4.25], receiving maternal care (aOR: 3.92, 95% CI: 2.35-6.52), completing 12 doses of child immunisation for seven diseases (aOR: 4.86, 95% CI: 2.37-9.95), and having immunisation before and after childbirth (aOR: 5.40, 95% CI: 2.28-12.76), whereas national data showed that service utilisation was associated with ownership of both records compared with owning a single record or none. Our results suggest that pre- and post-natal home-based record use may be effective for ensuring service utilisation. In addition, since the handbook is an efficient home-based record for use throughout children's life courses, it could be an effective tool for promoting the continuum of MNCH care in Indonesia.

The role of home-based records in the establishment of a continuum of care for mothers, newborns, and children in Indonesia

PubMed Central

Osaki, Keiko; Hattori, Tomoko; Kosen, Soewarta

2013-01-01

Background The provision of appropriate care along the continuum of maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) service delivery is a challenge in developing countries. To improve this, in the 1990s, Indonesia introduced the maternal and child health (MCH) handbook, as an integrated form of parallel home-based records. Objective This study aimed to identify the roles of home-based records both before and after childbirth, especially in provinces where the MCH handbook (MCHHB) was extensively promoted, by examining their association with MNCH service uptake. Design This was a cross-sectional study using nationally representative data sets, the Indonesia Demographic and Health Surveys (IDHSs) from 1997, 2002–2003, and 2007. The IDHS identifies respondents’ ownership of home-based records before and after childbirth. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine associations between record ownership and service utilisation in national data and data from two provinces, West Sumatra and North Sulawesi, where ownership of pre- and post-natal records served as a proxy for MCHHB ownership. Results Pre- and post-natal record ownership increased from 1997 to 2007. Provincial data from 2007 showed that handbook ownership was associated with having delivery assisted by trained personnel [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05–4.25], receiving maternal care (aOR: 3.92, 95% CI: 2.35–6.52), completing 12 doses of child immunisation for seven diseases (aOR: 4.86, 95% CI: 2.37–9.95), and having immunisation before and after childbirth (aOR: 5.40, 95% CI: 2.28–12.76), whereas national data showed that service utilisation was associated with ownership of both records compared with owning a single record or none. Conclusion Our results suggest that pre- and post-natal home-based record use may be effective for ensuring service utilisation. In addition, since the handbook is an efficient home-based record for use throughout children's life courses, it could be an effective tool for promoting the continuum of MNCH care in Indonesia. PMID:23651873

Should spikes on post-resection ECoG guide pediatric epilepsy surgery?

PubMed

Greiner, Hansel M; Horn, Paul S; Tenney, Jeffrey R; Arya, Ravindra; Jain, Sejal V; Holland, Katherine D; Leach, James L; Miles, Lili; Rose, Douglas F; Fujiwara, Hisako; Mangano, Francesco T

2016-05-01

There is wide variation in clinical practice regarding the role of electrocorticography immediately after resection (post-resection ECoG) for pediatric epilepsy surgery. Results can guide further resection of potentially epileptogenic tissue. We hypothesized that post-resection ECoG spiking represents a biomarker of the epileptogenic zone and predicts seizure outcome in children undergoing epilepsy surgery. We retrospectively identified 124 children with post-resection ECoG performed on the margins of resection. ECoG records were scored in a blinded fashion based on presence of frequent spiking. For patients identified as having additional resection based on clinical post-resection ECoG interpretation, these "second-look" ECoG results were re-reviewed for ongoing discharges or completeness of resection. Frequent spike populations were grouped using a standard scoring system into three ranges: 0.1-0.5Hz, 0.5-1Hz, >1Hz. Seizure outcomes were determined at minimum 12-month followup. Of 124 patients who met inclusion criteria, 60 (48%) had an identified spike population on post-resection ECoG. Thirty (50%) of these had further resection based on clinical interpretation. Overall, good outcome (ILAE 1) was seen in 56/124 (45%). Completeness of resection of spiking (absence of spiking on initial post-resection ECoG or resolution of spiking after further resection) showed a trend toward good outcome (OR 2.03, p=0.099). Patients with completeness of resection had good outcome in 41/80 (51%) of cases; patients with continued spikes had good outcome in 15/44 (35%) of cases. Post-resection ECoG identifies residual epileptogenic tissue in a significant number of children. Lower frequency or absence of discharges on initial recording showed a trend toward good outcome. Completeness of resection demonstrated on final ECoG recording did not show a significant difference in outcome. This suggests that post-resection discharges represent a prognostic marker rather than a remediable biomarker of the epileptogenic zone in all patients. Resecting residual spike-generating cortex may be beneficial in selected patients, including children with tumors. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Experience and results of the 1991 MTLRS-1 USSR campaign

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sperber, Peter; Hauck, H.

1993-01-01

The year 1991 was a special year for the mobile laser ranging systems. Due to the scheduled upgrades of the Modular Transportable Laser Ranging Systems, MTLRS#1 and MTLRS#2, neither a WEGENER MEDLAS nor a Crustal Dynamics Project campaign was carried out in 1991. After the successful upgrade of MTLRS#1 in the first half of 1991 the system departed from Wettzell in August to make measurements at two sites in the USSR. In Riga/Latvia, we operated close to the fixed SLR system. In Simeiz/Ucrainea, the place for MTLRS#1 pad was choosen to collocate the two fixed SLR stations in Simeiz (300 m distance to MTLRS#1) and Kazivelli (about 3 km distance).

6th Annual Symposium on Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG) Applications and Beyond, April 25–27, 2013, Riga, Latvia

PubMed Central

Schlaeger, Christof; Hinzmann, Rolf

2013-01-01

Abstract International experts in the fields of diabetes, diabetes technology, endocrinology, and pediatrics gathered for the 6th Annual Symposium on Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG) Applications and beyond. The aim of this meeting was to continue setting up a global network of experts in this field and provide an international platform for exchange of ideas to improve life for people with diabetes. The 2013 meeting comprised a comprehensive scientific program, parallel interactive workshops, and two keynote lectures. All these discussions were intended to help identify gaps and areas where further scientific work and clinical studies are warranted. PMID:24074038

40 CFR 1065.501 - Overview.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... engine and sampling systems. (7) Sample emissions throughout the duty cycle. (8) Record post-test data. (9) Perform post-test procedures to verify proper operation of certain equipment and analyzers. (10... PROCEDURES Performing an Emission Test Over Specified Duty Cycles § 1065.501 Overview. (a) Use the procedures...

40 CFR 1065.501 - Overview.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... engine and sampling systems. (7) Sample emissions throughout the duty cycle. (8) Record post-test data. (9) Perform post-test procedures to verify proper operation of certain equipment and analyzers. (10... PROCEDURES Performing an Emission Test Over Specified Duty Cycles § 1065.501 Overview. (a) Use the procedures...

40 CFR 1065.501 - Overview.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... engine and sampling systems. (7) Sample emissions throughout the duty cycle. (8) Record post-test data. (9) Perform post-test procedures to verify proper operation of certain equipment and analyzers. (10... PROCEDURES Performing an Emission Test Over Specified Duty Cycles § 1065.501 Overview. (a) Use the procedures...

40 CFR 1065.501 - Overview.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... engine and sampling systems. (7) Sample emissions throughout the duty cycle. (8) Record post-test data. (9) Perform post-test procedures to verify proper operation of certain equipment and analyzers. (10... PROCEDURES Performing an Emission Test Over Specified Duty Cycles § 1065.501 Overview. (a) Use the procedures...

40 CFR 1065.501 - Overview.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... engine and sampling systems. (7) Sample emissions throughout the duty cycle. (8) Record post-test data. (9) Perform post-test procedures to verify proper operation of certain equipment and analyzers. (10... PROCEDURES Performing an Emission Test Over Specified Duty Cycles § 1065.501 Overview. (a) Use the procedures...

Physiological stress and performance analysis to karate combat.

PubMed

Chaabene, Helmi; Hellara, Ilhem; Ghali, Faten B; Franchini, Emerson; Neffati, Fedoua; Tabben, Montassar; Najjar, Mohamed F; Hachana, Younés

2016-10-01

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between physiological, and parameters of performance analysis during karate contest. Nine elite-level karate athletes participated in this study. Saliva sample was collected pre- and post-karate combat. Salivary cortisol (sC) post-combat 2 raised significantly compared to that recorded at pre-combat 1 (Δ%=105.3%; P=0.04; dz=0.78). The largest decrease of the salivary T/C ratio (sR) compared to pre-combat 1 was recorded post-combat 2 (Δ%=-43.5%; P=0.03). Moreover, blood lactate concentration post-combat 1 correlated positively to sCpost-combat 1 (r=0.66; P=0.05) and negatively to both salivary testosterone (sT) (r=-0.76; P=0.01) and sRpost-combat 1 (r=-0.76; P=0.01). There was no significant relationship between hormonal measures and parameters of match analysis. Although under simulated condition, karate combat poses large physiological stress to the karateka. Additionally, physiological strain to karate combat led to a catabolic hormonal response.

New Perspectives on the Climatic Impact of the 1600 Eruption of Huaynaputina Volcano, Peru

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Verosub, K. L.; Lippman, J.

2007-05-01

A critical test of the new understanding of volcanic aerosols developed since 1982 is to determine if it can predict the effects of larger eruptions than those that have occurred since El Chichon. To do that, requires detailed information about the effects of specific large eruptions. We have been investigating the human and climatic impacts of the 1600 eruption of Huaynaputina volcano in Peru. The estimated Volcanic Explosivity Index for this eruption is 6, which is comparable to that of the 1815 eruption of Tambora volcano in Indonesia, which produced global cooling and led to crop failures, famine and social unrest. On the basis of tree-ring data, Briffa et al. (1998) suggested that the most severe short-term Northern Hemisphere cooling event of the past 600 years occurred in 1601, the year following the Huaynaputina eruption. In order gain a better understanding of the nature and extent of this cooling, we have been collecting annual time series that provide information about climatic conditions during time intervals that bracket the Huaynaputina eruption. Among the time series that we have examined (or plan to examine) are ice conditions in the harbors of Tallinn, Estonia, and Riga, Latvia and in Lake Suwa in Japan: cherry blossom blooming (sakura) dates from Kyoto, Japan; records of agricultural production from China and Russia; tithe records from the Spanish colonial empire; dates of the beginning of the wine harvest in France and the rye harvest in Sweden; prices of agricultural commodities in Europe; and river flows from the Nile and the Colorado. Often, in the records we have examined, 1601 shows up as one of the coldest years, if not the coldest year. In addition, the worst famines in Russian history took place between 1601 and 1603, which eventually led to the overthrow of Tsar Boris Gudonov. Thus, there is considerable evidence that the climatic impacts of the Huaynaputina eruption were comparable to those from the Tambora eruption. This result is important because it documents that significant global cooling events can be generated by South American volcanoes as well as Indonesian ones and that such events might occur with a return frequency of as little as 200 years.

[Quality of the anesthesiologist written record during the transfer of postoperative patients: Influence of implementing a structured communication tool].

PubMed

García-Sánchez, M J; Fernández-Guerrero, C; López-Toribio, P; Bueno-Cavanillas, A; Prieto-Cuéllar, M; Guzmán-Malpica, E M; Cuevas-Valenzuela, P; Moreno-Abril, E; Lara-Ramos, P

2014-01-01

The lack of communication is a major cause of health care errors, especially during patient transfer between practitioners and/or healthcare units, when standardization of communication is a recommended practice. In our study we wanted to assess whether the application of the structured communication SBAR tool could influence the quality of the information written on the progress sheet by the anesthesiologist involved in the transfer of the patient after surgery. This is an observational, retrospective, randomized, quality review of the written record made by the anesthesiologist during the transfer of patients from the surgical area to the postoperative recovery unit, by applying a validated list. We evaluated three observation periods: a control period of two months in 2011 (preSBAR) and a second period of two months in 2012 (postSBAR); in the latter two groups of patients were transferred (postSBAR +) or without SBAR (postSBAR-). The strength of agreement between raters obtained an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.8459 (p <0.001). There were significant differences in the study group, with highest average score in the group with SBAR (postSBAR + group: mean ± SD 7.56 ± 1.20 versus postSBAR-group: 5.41 ± 2.98, p <0.001) and depending on the anesthesiologist responsible for the intervention participated in the study (mean ± SD: 7.00 ± 1.99, compared to 4.81 ± 3.24 in the non-participants, p <0.001). There was an improvement in the quality of written records made in 2012 during the implementation of the SBAR, without the actual application of this instrument appearing to influence it. The anesthesiologists that were involved in new forms of patient safety were also those who made written records of highest quality. Copyright © 2013 Sociedad Española de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor. Published by Elsevier España. All rights reserved.

Ex vivo fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary central incisors restored with fiber-reinforced composite posts and experimental dentin posts

PubMed Central

Kathuria, Ambica; Kavitha, M; Khetarpal, Suchit

2011-01-01

Aim: To compare the fracture resistance of teeth restored with fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) posts and experimental dentin posts milled from human root dentin. Materials and Methods: Thirty maxillary central incisors were divided into three groups of ten each. Twenty teeth were restored with FRC posts and solid dentin posts and numbered as Groups 2 and 3 respectively while Group 1 acted as the control, without any post. The teeth were loaded at 135° angle to their long axes after core build-up and the failure loads were recorded. Results: One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni multiple comparisons revealed a significant difference among test groups with the control group showing the highest fracture resistance, followed by the dentin post group and lastly the FRC post group. Conclusions: Teeth restored with dentin posts exhibited better fracture resistance than those restored with FRC posts. PMID:22144812

Effects of whole-body cryotherapy vs. far-infrared vs. passive modalities on recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage in highly-trained runners.

PubMed

Hausswirth, Christophe; Louis, Julien; Bieuzen, François; Pournot, Hervé; Fournier, Jean; Filliard, Jean-Robert; Brisswalter, Jeanick

2011-01-01

Enhanced recovery following physical activity and exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) has become a priority for athletes. Consequently, a number of post-exercise recovery strategies are used, often without scientific evidence of their benefits. Within this framework, the purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of whole body cryotherapy (WBC), far infrared (FIR) or passive (PAS) modalities in hastening muscular recovery within the 48 hours after a simulated trail running race. In 3 non-adjoining weeks, 9 well-trained runners performed 3 repetitions of a simulated trail run on a motorized treadmill, designed to induce muscle damage. Immediately (post), post 24 h, and post 48 h after exercise, all participants tested three different recovery modalities (WBC, FIR, PAS) in a random order over the three separate weeks. Markers of muscle damage (maximal isometric muscle strength, plasma creatine kinase [CK] activity and perceived sensations [i.e. pain, tiredness, well-being]) were recorded before, immediately after (post), post 1 h, post 24 h, and post 48 h after exercise. In all testing sessions, the simulated 48 min trail run induced a similar, significant amount of muscle damage. Maximal muscle strength and perceived sensations were recovered after the first WBC session (post 1 h), while recovery took 24 h with FIR, and was not attained through the PAS recovery modality. No differences in plasma CK activity were recorded between conditions. Three WBC sessions performed within the 48 hours after a damaging running exercise accelerate recovery from EIMD to a greater extent than FIR or PAS modalities.

Effects of Whole-Body Cryotherapy vs. Far-Infrared vs. Passive Modalities on Recovery from Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Highly-Trained Runners

PubMed Central

Hausswirth, Christophe; Louis, Julien; Bieuzen, François; Pournot, Hervé; Fournier, Jean; Filliard, Jean-Robert; Brisswalter, Jeanick

2011-01-01

Enhanced recovery following physical activity and exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) has become a priority for athletes. Consequently, a number of post-exercise recovery strategies are used, often without scientific evidence of their benefits. Within this framework, the purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of whole body cryotherapy (WBC), far infrared (FIR) or passive (PAS) modalities in hastening muscular recovery within the 48 hours after a simulated trail running race. In 3 non-adjoining weeks, 9 well-trained runners performed 3 repetitions of a simulated trail run on a motorized treadmill, designed to induce muscle damage. Immediately (post), post 24 h, and post 48 h after exercise, all participants tested three different recovery modalities (WBC, FIR, PAS) in a random order over the three separate weeks. Markers of muscle damage (maximal isometric muscle strength, plasma creatine kinase [CK] activity and perceived sensations [i.e. pain, tiredness, well-being]) were recorded before, immediately after (post), post 1 h, post 24 h, and post 48 h after exercise. In all testing sessions, the simulated 48 min trail run induced a similar, significant amount of muscle damage. Maximal muscle strength and perceived sensations were recovered after the first WBC session (post 1 h), while recovery took 24 h with FIR, and was not attained through the PAS recovery modality. No differences in plasma CK activity were recorded between conditions. Three WBC sessions performed within the 48 hours after a damaging running exercise accelerate recovery from EIMD to a greater extent than FIR or PAS modalities. PMID:22163272

40 CFR 1066.401 - Overview.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) Sample emissions. (6) Record post-test data. (7) Perform post-test procedures to verify proper operation... PROCEDURES Vehicle Preparation and Running a Test § 1066.401 Overview. (a) Use the procedures detailed in... to: (1) Determine road-load power, test weight, and inertia class. (2) Prepare the vehicle, equipment...

40 CFR 1066.401 - Overview.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) Sample emissions. (6) Record post-test data. (7) Perform post-test procedures to verify proper operation... PROCEDURES Vehicle Preparation and Running a Test § 1066.401 Overview. (a) Use the procedures detailed in... to: (1) Determine road-load power, test weight, and inertia class. (2) Prepare the vehicle, equipment...

31 CFR Appendix N to Subpart C of... - Financial Crimes Enforcement Network

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., Post Office Box 39, Vienna, VA 22183. 3. Requests for amendments of records. Initial determinations... Request, Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, Post Office Box 39, Vienna, VA 22183. 4. Verification of... an accounting of disclosures, must satisfy one of the following identification requirements before...

The Impact of Video Review on Supervisory Conferencing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baecher, Laura; McCormack, Bede

2015-01-01

This study investigated how video-based observation may alter the nature of post-observation talk between supervisors and teacher candidates. Audio-recorded post-observation conversations were coded using a conversation analysis framework and interpreted through the lens of interactional sociology. Findings suggest that video-based observations…

10 CFR 709.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... test data analysis phase, and the post-test phase. Polygraph examination records means all records of... DOE's National Nuclear Security Administration. No opinion means an evaluation of a polygraph test by... test) during a specific series of interactions, including the pretest interview, the use of the...

10 CFR 709.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... test data analysis phase, and the post-test phase. Polygraph examination records means all records of... DOE's National Nuclear Security Administration. No opinion means an evaluation of a polygraph test by... test) during a specific series of interactions, including the pretest interview, the use of the...

10 CFR 709.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... test data analysis phase, and the post-test phase. Polygraph examination records means all records of... DOE's National Nuclear Security Administration. No opinion means an evaluation of a polygraph test by... test) during a specific series of interactions, including the pretest interview, the use of the...

Habitat use and migratory behaviour of pikeperch Sander lucioperca in Lithuanian and Latvian waters as inferred from otolith Sr:Ca ratios

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ložys, Linas; Shiao, Jen-Chieh; Iizuka, Yoshiyuki; Minde, Atis; Pūtys, Žilvinas; Jakubavičiūtė, Eglė; Dainys, Justas; Gorfine, Harry; Tzeng, Wann-Nian

2017-11-01

Determination of the geographic boundaries that define a stock is a key challenge in fisheries management. Acquiring an understanding of spatial distribution and migration patterns of pikeperch Sander lucioperca populations in the south-eastern Baltic Sea region would help to delineate the stocks and contribute towards sustainable exploitation of the population. In this study, habitat use and migratory behaviour of S. lucioperca were inferred from otolith Sr:Ca ratios obtained via an Electron Probe Micro-Analyzer. S. lucioperca collected from the inland Kaunas City water reservoir, where downstream migration is precluded by a hydro-power plant, consistently showed a freshwater signature in their otoliths throughout their life history. In contrast, those collected from the Baltic Sea and Curonian Lagoon in Lithuania, and the lower reaches of the Daugava River in Latvia had ratios indicative of movement between fresh and brackish water habitats. Although S. lucioperca can inhabit brackish water bodies, they predominantly reside and reproduce in freshwater systems. It is thought that periodic post-spawning migration to the sea during spring is related to better foraging conditions and perhaps as a strategy for shedding ectoparasites. Currently, catch quotas apply only to those S. lucioperca taken from the Curonian Lagoon and not the Baltic Sea. Frequent migration between freshwater habitats and the Baltic Sea suggest that S. lucioperca stocks from a given river/estuary system should be considered as a single management unit despite individual differences in migratory behaviour. The extent to which migration into the Baltic Sea could potentially compromise the effectiveness of catch quotas was the main issue which initiated this study.

Prevalence of dentine hypersensitivity and study of associated factors: a European population-based cross-sectional study.

PubMed

West, Nicola Xania; Sanz, Mariano; Lussi, Adrian; Bartlett, David; Bouchard, Phillipe; Bourgeois, Denis

2013-10-01

Dentine hypersensitivity (DH) manifests as a transient but arresting oral pain. The incidence is thought to be rising, particularly in young adults, due to increases in consumption of healthy, yet erosive, diets. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of DH and relative importance of risk factors, in 18-35 year old Europeans. In 2011, 3187 adults were enrolled from general dental practices in France, Spain, Italy, United Kingdom, Finland, Latvia and Estonia. DH was clinically evaluated by cold air tooth stimulation, patient pain rating (yes/no), accompanied by investigator pain rating (Schiff 0-3). Erosive toothwear (BEWE index 0-3) and gingival recession (mm) were recorded. Patients completed a questionnaire regarding the nature of their DH, erosive dietary intake and toothbrushing habits. 41.9% of patients reported pain on tooth stimulation and 56.8% scored ≥1 on Schiff scale for at least one tooth. Clinical elicited sensitivity was closely related to Schiff score and to a lesser degree, questionnaire reported sensitivity (26.8%), possibly reflecting the transient nature of the pain, alongside good coping mechanisms. Significant associations were found between clinically elicited DH and erosive toothwear and gingival recession. The questionnaire showed marked associations between DH and risk factors including heartburn/acid reflux, vomiting, sleeping medications, energy drinks, smoking and acid dietary intake. Overall, the prevalence of DH was high compared to many published findings, with a strong, progressive relationship between DH and erosive toothwear, which is important to recognise for patient preventive therapies and clinical management of DH pain. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Association between post-game recovery protocols, physical and perceived recovery, and performance in elite Australian Football League players.

PubMed

Bahnert, Andrew; Norton, Kevin; Lock, Phillip

2013-03-01

To determine the associations between post-game recovery protocols and physical and perceptual recovery, and game performance in Australian Football League players. A longitudinal quasi-experimental study design was used across a season. A full squad of 44 footballers was monitored weekly across a 23-game season. Players were required to choose from a number of recovery modalities available immediately post-game. These included floor stretching, pool stretching, bike active recovery, pool active recovery, cold-water immersion, contrast therapy and use of a compression garment. Perceptual measures of recovery were recorded throughout the week and a test of physical performance was conducted two days post-game. Game performance ratings were also recorded. The associations between the post-game recovery protocols chosen and players' perceived recovery, and physical and game performances were determined by the association rule data-mining strategy. Statistically significant associations were found between a number of post-game recovery protocols and perceptual recovery. In general, players who chose cold-water immersion, floor stretching, no active recovery (neither bike or pool) and the use of a compression garment post-game, had an increased probability of reporting greater perceptual recovery across the following week, relative to all other permutations of recovery protocols chosen. There were no associations found between post-game recovery protocol combinations and physical recovery. No associations were found between the post-game recovery methods and the next game performance. Perceptual recovery among players was enhanced through the selection of specific combinations of recovery protocols post game. However, no links were found between recovery protocols and physical or game performance measures. Copyright © 2012 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Neck strength recovery after a single bout of specific strengthening exercise.

PubMed

Netto, Kevin; Carstairs, Greg; Kidgell, Dawson; Aisbett, Brad

2010-08-01

To determine the level of neck strength decrement and the rate of strength recovery of the neck muscles after a single bout of specific neck conditioning exercise in both males and females. A decrement in neck strength may be evident after a bout of strengthening exercise. Intervention study with pre-and-post design. Biomechanics laboratory. Twenty healthy participants (10 male and 10 female, mean +/- standard deviation age 22 +/- 1.2 years). Participants performed a single bout of neck strengthening exercise. Neck strength testing using an isokinetic dynamometer was performed pre and at five time points (1 h, one, three, five and seven days) post-exercise to assess the level of neck strength decrement and neck strength recovery rate from pre-exercise levels. Statistically significant (p > or = 0.036) decreases in neck extension strength were recorded in all participants 1 h and one day post-exercise. The level of neck extension strength returned to pre-exercise levels three days post-exercise and surpassed pre-exercise levels five and seven days post-exercise. The male participants' neck flexion strength decrement and recovery followed a similar pattern to that displayed in neck extension but more variability in neck flexion strength recovery rates were recorded in the female participants in this study. The consistent strength recovery times for the male participants recorded in this study idealise the prescription of neck strengthening exercises in a periodised fashion. More investigation needs to be instigated for the female neck musculature as consistent strength recovery rates were not identified in this study. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Determination of acidic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in aquatic samples by liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry combined with carbon nanotubes-based solid-phase extraction.

PubMed

Reinholds, I; Pugajeva, I; Zacs, Dz; Lundanes, E; Rusko, J; Perkons, I; Bartkevics, V

2017-10-18

A solid-phase extraction (SPE) method based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) was developed for the determination of 12 acidic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in surface waters and tap water. Pristine and functionalised CNTs were evaluated as sorbent materials. Batch experiments were used to optimise sorption and desorption conditions (sorbent type and amount, adsorption time, pH). The adsorption equilibrium was reached after 8 to 48 h duration, which increased with the pH of solution. Non-agglomerated pristine CNTs (20 mg) showed the most optimal adsorption (94 to 100%) for all of the analytes after a 30-min contact period in acidified water solutions (100 mL). The compounds retained at those conditions were recovered by 40 to 95% by using 5% ammonium hydroxide in methanol as the desorbing solution at ambient conditions. A comprehensive liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-QqQ-MS/MS) was used for the analysis of real water samples. The method showed sufficient recovery (65-125%) and good precision (2-14% relative standard deviation (RSD)). The limits of detection and quantification ranged between 0.01 and 1.3 ng L -1 and 0.04 and 3.9 ng L -1 . Only diclofenac and ibuprofen were found in the analysed surface water samples from Latvia (n = 10) and Norway (n = 14). Diclofenac was found at 1.7-8.4 ng L -1 concentration in two samples of surface waters, whereas the concentrations of ibuprofen ranged between 1.0 and 9.2 ng L -1 in seven samples collected in Norway and 3.9-17 ng L -1 in three samples from Latvia.

Attitudes of European physiotherapy students towards their chosen career in the context of different educational systems and legal regulations pertaining to the practice of physiotherapy: implications for university curricula.

PubMed

Gotlib, Joanna; Białoszewski, Dariusz; Opavsky, Jaroslav; Garrod, Rachel; Fuertes, Nicolas Estévez; Gallardo, Lucia Pérez; Lourido, Berta Paz; Monterde, Sonia; Serrano, Carmen Suarez; Sacco, Marc; Kunicka, Irena

2012-03-01

Differences in the organisation of educational systems and regulations pertaining to the practice of a profession can influence the attitudes of students towards their chosen career and their perceptions of employment possibilities. The aim of this paper was to discuss the different educational systems and legal regulations pertaining to the practice of physiotherapy in selected countries of the European Union (EU), and to present some conclusions regarding the influence of these differences on the perceptions of first-year physiotherapy students on their chosen career. Quantitative questionnaire-based study. Twenty-one university-level schools in the Czech Republic, Latvia, Malta, Poland, Spain and the U.K. Six hundred and sixty-seven first-year physiotherapy students. The mean response rate was 74%. Most students (79%) reported that a personal interest was the main reason why they had decided to study physiotherapy (79%). Most students from Spain and the Czech Republic reported that, on completion of their studies, they would like to work as physiotherapists (61/120, 51% Czech Republic; 140/250, 56% Spain), compared with only 4% of Polish students (P<0.001). Most students from Poland and Spain were not familiar with employment opportunities in their respective countries (202/250, 81% Spain; 212/250, 85% Poland), and claimed that it is difficult to find employment as a physiotherapist in their country. Most students from the Czech Republic, Latvia, Malta, Poland, Spain and the U.K. claimed that it is easy to find a job in other EU countries. Most physiotherapy students chose their course because of an interest in physiotherapy. They were not familiar with employment possibilities for graduates, and believed that it is easier to find work in other EU countries. Both factors may further aggravate the problem of unemployment among physiotherapists. Copyright © 2011 Chartered Society of Physiotherapy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Should we adjust health education methodology to low-educated employees needs? Findings from Latvia, Poland, Slovenia and Spain.

PubMed

Korzeniowska, Elżbieta; Puchalski, Krzysztof; Goszczyńska, Eliza; Pyżalski, Jacek

2014-06-01

The presented study explored health beliefs and experiences as well as health education needs of low-educated employees (LEEs) (incomplete primary, primary, lower secondary and basic vocational education) in comparison to those with higher education (secondary and tertiary education) in four European countries: Latvia, Poland, Slovenia and Spain. The main aim was to identify a specificity of low-educated employees (LEEs) by capturing their opinions, experiences, attitudes and needs concerning health education. The sample consisted of 1691 individuals with the status of an employee (approximately 400 respondents in each of 4 countries participating in the project). The respondents were aged 25-54 (both the control group and the target group consisted in 1/3 of the following age groups: 25-34, 35-44 and 45-54). The respondents were interviewed during the years 2009 and 2010 with a structured questionnaire concerning their health, health behaviours as well as educational needs concerning health education. The study revealed substantial differences in the attitudes of people from this group concerning methodology of health education. LEEs prefer more competitions and campaigns and less written educational materials in comparison to those with higher education. Additionally, they more often perceive a fee, longer time, necessity to take part in a knowledge test and a concern that their health will be checked as factors that can discourage them from taking part in a health training. On the other hand, LEEs can by encouraged to take part in such a training by a media broadcast concerning the event, snacks or lottery during the training, or financial incentives. The results of the study proved the need for specific health education guidelines to conduct health education for low-educated employees. These guidelines should take in account the sources of health education preferred by LEEs as well as the factors that can encourage/discourage their participation in trainings concerning health.

Implementation uncertainty when using recreational hunting to manage carnivores

PubMed Central

Bischof, Richard; Nilsen, Erlend B; Brøseth, Henrik; Männil, Peep; Ozoliņš, Jaānis; Linnell, John D C; Bode, Michael

2012-01-01

1. Wildlife managers often rely on resource users, such as recreational or commercial hunters, to achieve management goals. The use of hunters to control wildlife populations is especially common for predators and ungulates, but managers cannot assume that hunters will always fill annual quotas set by the authorities. It has been advocated that resource management models should account for uncertainty in how harvest rules are realized, requiring that this implementation uncertainty be estimated. 2. We used a survival analysis framework and long-term harvest data from large carnivore management systems in three countries (Estonia, Latvia and Norway) involving four species (brown bear, grey wolf, Eurasian lynx and wolverine) to estimate the performance of hunters with respect to harvest goals set by managers. 3. Variation in hunter quota-filling performance was substantial, ranging from 40% for wolverine in Norway to nearly 100% for lynx in Latvia. Seasonal and regional variation was also high within country–species pairs. We detected a positive relationship between the instantaneous potential to fill a quota slot and the relative availability of the target species for both wolverine and lynx in Norway. 4. Survivor curves and hazards – with survival time measured as the time from the start of a season until a quota slot is filled – can indicate the extent to which managers can influence harvest through adjustments of season duration and quota limits. 5. Synthesis and applications. We investigated seven systems where authorities use recreational hunting to manage large carnivore populations. The variation and magnitude of deviation from harvest goals was substantial, underlining the need to incorporate implementation uncertainty into resource management models and decisions-making. We illustrate how survival analysis can be used by managers to estimate the performance of resource users with respect to achieving harvest goals set by managers. The findings in this study come at an opportune time given the growing popularity of management strategy evaluation (MSE) models in fisheries and a push towards incorporating MSE into terrestrial harvest management. PMID:23197878

What is the quality of the maternal near-miss case reviews in WHO European Region? Cross-sectional study in Armenia, Georgia, Latvia, Republic of Moldova and Uzbekistan

PubMed Central

Bacci, Alberta; Hodorogea, Stelian; Khachatryan, Henrik; Babojonova, Shohida; Irsa, Signe; Jansone, Maira; Dondiuc, Iurie; Matarazde, George; Lazdane, Gunta; Lazzerini, Marzia

2018-01-01

Objectives The maternal near-miss case review (NMCR) cycle is a type of clinical audit aiming at improving quality of maternal healthcare by discussing near-miss cases. In several countries this approach has been introduced and supported by WHO and partners since 2004, but information on the quality of its implementation is missing. This study aimed at evaluating the quality of the NMCR implementation in selected countries within WHO European Region. Design Cross-sectional study. Settings Twenty-three maternity units in Armenia, Georgia, Latvia, Moldova and Uzbekistan. Assessment tools A predefined checklist including 50 items, according to WHO methodology. Quality in the NMCR implementation was defined by summary scores ranging from 0 (totally inappropriate) to 3 (appropriate). Results Quality of the NMCR implementation was heterogeneous among different countries, and within the same country. Overall, the first part of the audit cycle (from case identification to case analysis) was fairly well performed (mean score 2.00, 95% CI 1.94 to 2.06), with the exception of the ‘inclusion of users’ views’ (mean score 0.66, 95% CI 0.11 to 1.22), while the second part (developing recommendations, implementing them and ensuring quality) was poorly performed (mean score 0.66, 95% CI 0.11 to 1.22). Each country had at least one champion facility, where quality of the NMCR cycle was acceptable. Quality of the implementation was not associated with its duration. Gaps in implementation were of technical, organisational and attitudinal nature. Conclusions Ensuring quality in the NMCR may be difficult but achievable. The high heterogeneity in results within the same country suggests that quality of the NMCR implementation depends, to a large extent, from hospital factors, including staff’s commitment, managerial support and local coordination. Efforts should be put in preventing and mitigating common barriers that hamper successful NMCR implementation. PMID:29654004

Inequalities in medicine use in Central Eastern Europe: an empirical investigation of socioeconomic determinants in eight countries.

PubMed

Vogler, Sabine; Österle, August; Mayer, Susanne

2015-11-05

Equitable access to essential medicines is a major challenge for policy-makers world-wide, including Central and Eastern European countries. Member States of the European Union situated in Central and Eastern Europe have publicly funded pharmaceutical reimbursement systems that should promote accessibility and affordability of, at least essential medicines. However, there is no knowledge whether socioeconomic inequalities exist in these countries. Against this backdrop, this study analyses whether socioeconomic determinants influence the use of prescribed and non-prescribed medicines in eight Central and Eastern European countries (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia). Further, the study discusses observed (in)equalities in medicine use in the context of the pharmaceutical policy framework and the implementation in these countries. The study is based on cross-sectional data from the first wave of the European Health Interview Survey (2007-2009). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to determine the association between socioeconomic status (measured by employment status, education, income; controlled for age, gender, health status) and medicine use (prescribed and non-prescribed medicines). This was supplemented by a pharmaceutical policy analysis based on indicators in four policy dimensions (sustainable funding, affordability, availability and accessibility, and rational selection and use of medicines). Overall, the analysis showed a gradient favouring individuals from higher socioeconomic groups in the consumption of non-prescribed medicines in the eight surveyed countries, and for prescribed medicines in three countries (Latvia, Poland, Romania). The pharmaceutical systems in the eight countries were, to varying degrees, characterized by a lack of (public) funding, thus resulting in high and growing shares of private financing (including co-payments for prescribed medicines), inefficiencies in the selection of medicines into reimbursement and limitations in medicines availability. Pharmaceutical policies aiming at reducing inequalities in medicine use require not only a consideration of the role of co-payments and other private expenditure but also adequate investment in medicines and transparent and clear processes regarding the inclusion of medicines into reimbursement.

Distribution and sources of (129)I in rivers of the Baltic region.

PubMed

Aldahan, A; Kekli, A; Possnert, G

2006-01-01

The concentration of (129)I was measured in 54 river waters discharging into the Baltic Sea from Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Germany. Sample collection was performed during a well-bracketed time interval (June-July 1999), thus allowing comparison of the rivers over a wide latitude range without the effect of long temporal spread. Although there is no direct input of anthropogenic (129)I in the watersheds, the concentration of the isotope is about two to three orders of magnitude higher than the expected pre-nuclear era natural values in the rivers of Finland and northern Sweden, and in the rivers of southern Sweden, Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia, Poland and Germany; the (129)I concentration may reach five orders of magnitude higher. Furthermore, there are significant correlations between the (129)I concentration and latitude and/or distance from the North Sea and between (129)I and Cl. These findings suggest seawater as a main source of (129)I to the rivers through atmospheric transport. Of the many chemical parameters investigated, the pH may account for some of the variability in (129)I concentrations of the rivers. The contribution from nuclear weapon tests and the Chernobyl accident to the riverine (129)I is insignificant compared to the releases from the nuclear fuel reprocessing facilities. The total flux of (129)I by rivers to the Baltic Sea and related basins represents minor amounts of the isotope pool in these marine waters. External radioactivity hazards from (129)I are considered to be negligible in the Baltic region. However, as the main (129)I intake to the human body is likely through water, due to the large amount of daily water consumption, more concern should be given to internal radioactivity hazard that may be associated with the isotope's localized elevated concentration in the human organs.

BCG-SSI(®) vaccine-associated lymphadenitis: Incidence and management.

PubMed

Engelis, Arnis; Kakar, Mohit; Meikšāns, Roberts; Petersons, Aigars

2016-01-01

There is a high incidence of childhood tuberculosis in Latvia, including children aged less than 1 year, while BCG-associated lymphadenitis is one of the most frequent adverse events requiring surgical treatment. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of purulent BCG adenitis through-out the population of Latvia after the introduction of BCG-SSI(®) vaccine and to evaluate the treatment results. The study included 194 patients. All patients had received the BCG-SSI(®) vaccine during the first week of life routinely or at a later time according to the indications. The indications for surgical treatment were lymph node destruction also affecting the skin. All patients in this study received surgical treatment - the affected lymph node extirpation. The mean age of the patients was 5.12±0.96 months. A total of 172 patients had purulent axillar lymphadenitis, 14 had purulent supraclavicular lymphadenitis, 8 patients had lymphadenitis at both localizations. During the whole study period the incidence of BCG adenitis varied from 0.02% to 0.36%, while the mean rate was 0.11%±0.08% from 184,068 vaccinated children during the study period. We observed an increasing trend in the incidence of BCG lymphadenitis during the study period. The primary and complete healing rate at the end of period was 99.5% (n=193) following an affected lymph node extirpation. The mean hospitalization time after the operation was 3.71±0.18 days. The incidence of BCG-SSI(®) vaccine associated purulent lymphadenitis varied widely with an increasing trend, followed by the return to the product characteristic limits. Indications for the surgical treatment should not be changed. Extirpation of the purulent BCG adenitis is a safe treatment method and leads to the primary wound healing in the majority of cases. Copyright © 2016 The Lithuanian University of Health Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier Urban & Partner Sp. z o.o. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of different captive bolt lengths and breed influence upon post-stun hind limb and forelimb activity in fed cattle at a commercial slaughter facility.

PubMed

Martin, Miriam S; Kline, Helen C; Wagner, Dana R; Alexander, Lacey R; Edwards-Callaway, Lily N; Grandin, Temple

2018-05-03

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of captive bolt length and breed type on post-stun leg activity in cattle. A total of 2850 Holstein (HOL) and non-Holstein British/Continental bred (NHOL) steers and heifers were observed post-stunning at a large commercial slaughter facility. A pneumatically powered penetrating captive bolt stunner was used with three different bolt lengths: CON, 15.24 cm; MED, 16.51 cm; and LON, 17.78 cm. Hind limb kicking, forelimb activity, take away belt stops, carcass swing and number of knife sticks during exsanguination were recorded for each animal from video recording. Hind limb and forelimb kicks observed ranged from 0 to 25 and 0 to 8, respectively. Analysis of post-stun hind limb and forelimb activity indicated that increasing pneumatically powered penetrating captive bolt length does not decrease post-stun leg activity. There was a higher percentage of cattle experiencing take away belt stops and carcass swing in HOL as compared with NHOL. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Endodontic flare-ups: comparison of incidence between single and multiple visit procedures in patients attending a Nigerian teaching hospital.

PubMed

Oginni, Adeleke O; Udoye, Christopher I

2004-11-26

BACKGROUND: Until recently the most accepted technique of doing root canal treatment stresses multiple visit procedure. Most schools also concentrated upon teaching the multi-visit concept. However, it has now been reported that the procedure of single visit treatment is advocated by at least 70% of schools in all geographical areas. It was therefore the aims of the present study to find the incidence of post-obturation flare-ups following single and multiple visit endodontic treatment procedures, and to establish the relationship between pre-operative and post-obturation pain in patients referred for endodontic therapy in a Nigerian teaching Hospital. METHODS: Data collected included pulp vitality status, the presence or absence of pre-operative, inter-appointment and post-obturation pain. Pain was recorded as none, slight, or moderate/severe. Flare-ups were defined as either patient's report of pain not controlled with over the counter medication or as increasing swelling. The patients were recalled at three specific post-obturation periods, 1st, 7th and 30th day. The presence or absence of pain, or the appropriate degree of pain was recorded for each recall visits and the interval between visits. The compiled data were analysed using chi-square where applicable. P level

5 CFR 1645.2 - Posting of transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 1645.2 Administrative Personnel FEDERAL RETIREMENT THRIFT INVESTMENT BOARD CALCULATION OF SHARE PRICES..., interfund transfers, and other transactions will be posted in dollars and in shares by source and by TSP Fund to the appropriate individual account by the TSP record keeper, using the share price for the date...

76 FR 57940 - Revision of Department of Justice Freedom of Information Act Regulations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-19

... posted online, you must include the phrase ``CONFIDENTIAL BUSINESS INFORMATION'' in the first paragraph... comments received are considered part of the public record and made available for public inspection online... posted online, you must include the phrase ``PERSONAL IDENTIFYING INFORMATION'' in the first paragraph of...

29 CFR 525.14 - Posting of notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... to employees a poster as prescribed and supplied by the Administrator. The Administrator will make available, upon request, posters in other formats such as Braille or recorded tapes. Such a poster will... finds it inappropriate to post such a notice, this requirement may be satisfied by providing the poster...

29 CFR 525.14 - Posting of notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... to employees a poster as prescribed and supplied by the Administrator. The Administrator will make available, upon request, posters in other formats such as Braille or recorded tapes. Such a poster will... finds it inappropriate to post such a notice, this requirement may be satisfied by providing the poster...

29 CFR 525.14 - Posting of notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... to employees a poster as prescribed and supplied by the Administrator. The Administrator will make available, upon request, posters in other formats such as Braille or recorded tapes. Such a poster will... finds it inappropriate to post such a notice, this requirement may be satisfied by providing the poster...

29 CFR 525.14 - Posting of notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... to employees a poster as prescribed and supplied by the Administrator. The Administrator will make available, upon request, posters in other formats such as Braille or recorded tapes. Such a poster will... finds it inappropriate to post such a notice, this requirement may be satisfied by providing the poster...

29 CFR 525.14 - Posting of notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... to employees a poster as prescribed and supplied by the Administrator. The Administrator will make available, upon request, posters in other formats such as Braille or recorded tapes. Such a poster will... finds it inappropriate to post such a notice, this requirement may be satisfied by providing the poster...

5 CFR 1601.32 - Timing and posting dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... heavy transaction volume, and acts of God. These factors also could affect the availability of the TSP... circumstances according to the following rules: (1) A transaction request entered into the TSP record keeping... business day, will ordinarily be posted that business day. A transaction request entered into the system...

29 CFR 1904.43 - Summary and posting of the 2001 data.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

....43 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR RECORDING AND REPORTING OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES AND ILLNESSES Transition From the Former... keep OSHA 200 Logs in 2001, you must post a 2000 annual summary from the OSHA 200 Log of occupational...

29 CFR 1904.43 - Summary and posting of the 2001 data.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

....43 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR RECORDING AND REPORTING OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES AND ILLNESSES Transition From the Former... keep OSHA 200 Logs in 2001, you must post a 2000 annual summary from the OSHA 200 Log of occupational...

25 CFR 1000.230 - How is a waiver approval documented for the record?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... record? The waiver decision is made part of the AFA by attaching a copy of it to the AFA and by mutually... posted on the Office of Self-Governance web site and all such decisions shall be made available on...

The "New" Domain of Post-Secondary Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moses, Stanley

This paper argues that government agencies have traditionally been concerned with recording and reporting only the dimensions of the formal "Core" of educational activity--the sequential ladder ranging from kindergarten through graduate and professional schools. Missing is a similar recording of participation in the "Educational…

12 CFR 4.15 - Specific requests for records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... FUNCTIONS, AVAILABILITY AND RELEASE OF INFORMATION, CONTRACTING OUTREACH PROGRAM, POST-EMPLOYMENT RESTRICTIONS FOR SENIOR EXAMINERS Availability of Information Under the Freedom of Information Act § 4.15 Specific requests for records. (a) Available information. Subject to the exemptions described in § 4.12(b...

The Redax® Coaxial Drain in pulmonary lobectomy: a study of efficacy

PubMed Central

Parini, Sara; Papalia, Esther; Massera, Fabio; Turello, Davide; Baietto, Guido; Casadio, Caterina

2017-01-01

Background Pleural drainage is required after pulmonary lobectomy to evacuate air-leak and fluid. We compared the performance of the new Redax® Coaxial Drain (CD) (Redax, Mirandola, Italy) with a standard chest tube (CT) in terms of fluid and air-leak evacuation. Methods Fifty-two patients receiving a 24-F CD under water-seal after pulmonary lobectomy through open surgery or video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) were matched according to demographic, clinical and pathological variables with 104 patients receiving a 24-F CT. Fluid evacuation and post-operative day 0 (POD0) fluid evacuation rate, air-leak rate, tension pneumothorax or increasing subcutaneous emphysema, tube occlusion at removal, visual analog scale (VAS) score at rest and during cough, chest drain duration, pleural fluid accumulation or residual pleural cavity after tube removal, post-operative morbidity and mortality rate were recorded and compared between the two groups. Results No differences were recorded in post-operative morbidity and mortality rates. Fluid drainage rates on POD0 were significantly higher in CD group (73% vs. 48%; P=0.004); air-leak occurrence was similar in both groups and no differences were recorded in terms of tension pneumothorax or increasing subcutaneous emphysema rates; VAS score was lower for CD when compared with CT and it reached significant difference in the subgroups of patients operated on by VATS; no cases of occlusion at removal were recorded in CD patient. Conclusions Redax® CD is safe and efficient in air-leak and fluid evacuation; due to its design and constituting material it is superior to standard CTs in terms of fluid evacuation rate and patient post-operative comfort. PMID:29221298

[Fracture strength of elastic and conventional fibre-reinforced composite intraradicular posts--an in vitro pilot study].

PubMed

Fráter, Mark; Forster, András; Jantyik, Ádám; Braunitzer, Gábor; Nagy, Katalin

2015-12-01

The purpose of this in vitro investigation was to evaluate the reinforcing effect of different fibre-reinforced composite (FRC) posts and insertion techniques in premolar teeth when using minimal invasive post space preparation. Thirty two extracted and endodontically treated premolar teeth were used and divided into four groups (n = 8) depending on the post used (Group 1-4). 1: one single conventional post, 2: one main conventional and one collateral post, 3: one flexible post, 4: one main flexible and one collateral post. After cementation and core build-up the specimens were submitted to static fracture toughness test. Fracture thresholds and fracture patterns were recorded and evaluated. The multi-post techniques (group 2 and 4) showed statistically higher fracture resistance compared to group one. Regarding fracture patterns there was no statistically significant difference between the tested groups. The application of multiple posts seems to be beneficial regarding fracture resistance independent from the used FRC post. Fracture pattern was not influenced by the elasticity of the post.