Learning Activity Packets for Grinding Machines. Unit III--Cylindrical Grinding.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Board of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This learning activity packet (LAP) is one of three that accompany the curriculum guide on grinding machines. It outlines the study activities and performance tasks for the third unit of this curriculum guide. Its purpose is to aid the student in attaining a working knowledge of this area of training and in achieving a skilled or moderately…

Learning Activity Packets for High School Social Studies, American Studies, American History and Low Achieving Students. Course I.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seif, Elliott

The document presents student learning packets designed to provide an alternative social studies experience for high school students. The objective is to enable students to better understand themselves and their environment and other individuals and groups. Written at a junior high school reading level, the packets are intended to be used with low…

Making Connections: K-8 Worksite Learning Activity Packet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Graver, Amy

This learning activity packet provides parent-guided experiences for the child in kindergarten through eighth grade as he or she explores his or her abilities and the skills necessary for any career. Section 1, "Self Assessment of Interests," consists of eight exercises that will help the child explore himself or herself. Titles include "My…

Welcome to Lotus 1-2-3 Advanced. Learning Activity Packets.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mills, Steven; And Others

This learning activity packet (LAP) contains five self-paced study lessons that allow students to study advanced concepts of Lotus 1-2-3 at their own pace. The lessons used in the LAP are organized in the following way: lesson name, lesson number, objectives, completion standard, performance standard, required materials, unit test, and exercises.…

Welcome to Lotus 1-2-3. Learning Activity Packets.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mills, Steven; And Others

This learning activity packet (LAP) contains 11 self-paced study lessons that allow students to proceed along a 36-hour course of study for Lotus 1-2-3 at their own pace. The lessons are organized in the following way: objectives, completion and performance standards, a list of required materials, unit test, and exercises (applications of the…

Welcome to dBase III Plus. Learning Activity Packets.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mills, Steven; And Others

This learning activity packet (LAP) contains nine self-paced study lessons that allow students to proceed along a a 43-hour course of study for dBase III Plus at their own pace. The lessons are organized in the following way: objectives, completion standard, performance standard, a list of required materials, unit test, and exercises (applications…

Discover New Windsor Cantonment, The Last Encampment of Washington's Army. An Activities Learning Packet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New Windsor Cantonment State Historic Site, Vails Gate, NY.

The activities in this learning packet are designed to provide background information on the significance of New Windsor Cantonment to local, state, and U.S. history. The New Windsor Cantonment was the final winter encampment of the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War and the site where the cessation of hostilities was announced in April…

Rock around the Clock: Hanging Rock State Park. An Environmental Education Learning Experience. Designed for Grade 5.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dow, Jaye

This learning packet was developed for grade 5 to teach about the geology of a park. Sections include: (1) Introduction, which introduces the North Carolina State Park System, Hanging Rock State Park, the park's activity packet, and the geology of the park; (2) Summary, a brief summary of the activity outlines including major concepts and…

Adaptive Learning and Pruning Using Periodic Packet for Fast Invariance Extraction and Recognition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chang, Sheng-Jiang; Zhang, Bian-Li; Lin, Lie; Xiong, Tao; Shen, Jin-Yuan

2005-02-01

A new learning scheme using a periodic packet as the neuronal activation function is proposed for invariance extraction and recognition of handwritten digits. Simulation results show that the proposed network can extract the invariant feature effectively and improve both the convergence and the recognition rate.

Transportation Technology Curriculum Materials FY 90. Illinois Plan for Industrial Technology Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gallo, Dennis; And Others

This packet contains technology-based learning activities for the transportation technology course at the orientation level (grades 9 and 10) of the Illinois Plan for Industrial Technology Education curriculum project. The packet includes a course rationale, mission, description, and course outline. Suggested learning objectives and suggested…

Salinity Changes in a Tidal River. A Learning Experience for Coastal and Oceanic Awareness Studies, No. 308. [Project COAST].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Delaware Univ., Newark. Coll. of Education.

The materials in this packet are designed to aid teachers in the implementation of a science field studies unit concerning tidal rivers. The packet consists of the following: (1) background material for the teacher; (2) lab exercises; (3) field activities; and (4) classroom activities. The overall purpose of this packet is to provide information…

Vocational and Industrial Arts Packets.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maine Audubon Society, Falmouth.

This book is a teacher's guide to energy alternatives. It is divided into seven informational packets on the following topics: parabolic solar concentrators, solar flat plate collectors, wood as fuel, heat loss, bio-gas, wind, and water. Each packet contains background information for the teachers and learning activities for the students. The…

Learn about Seabirds. Teaching Packet, Grades 4-6.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fish and Wildlife Service (Dept. of Interior), Anchorage, AK.

This teaching packet is designed to teach Alaskan students in grades 4-6 about Alaska's seabird populations, the worldwide significance of seabirds, and the environmental conditions to which seabirds are sensitive. The packet includes a curriculum guide (containing a teacher's background story and 12 teaching activities), a separately published…

This Is Challenger Center...Changing the Way Teachers Teach and Students Learn. [Information Packet].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Challenger Center for Space Science Education, Alexandria, VA.

The Challenger Center for Space Science Education is a not-for-profit educational organization founded in 1986 following the Challenger 51-L space shuttle tragedy. This packet contains a variety of separate sheets and brochures providing information about the activities of the Challenger Center. Challenger Learning Centers provide hands-on,…

K-2 at the Zoo.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Andrews, Lori; Andrews, Steve

This packet is designed to help teachers maximize a zoo visit for children ages 5 to 7. The packet provides activities for use before, during, and after the zoo visit. Activities are provided to enhance student skills in language arts, reading, art, science, and math, and are correlated to the Oregon Essentials Learning Skills Common Curriculum…

Rock Around the Clock. Hanging Rock State Park: An Environmental Education Learning Experience Designed for Grade 5.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dow, Jaye

This learning packet, one in a series of eight, was developed by the Hanging Roek State Park in North Carolina for grade 5 to teach about the geology of the park. Loose-leaf pages are presented in nine sections that contain: (1) introductions to the North Carolina State Park System, the Hanging Rock State Park, the park's activity packet, and to…

Plants that Bite Back. Carolina Beach State Park: An Environmental Education Learning Experience Designed for the Middle Grades.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wahab, Phoebe

This learning packet, one in a series of eight, was developed by the Carolina Beach State Park in North Carolina for the middle grades to teach about carnivorous plants. Loose-leaf pages are presented in 10 sections that contain: (1) introductions to the North Carolina State Park System, the Carolina Beach State Park, the park's activity packet,…

Accounting Clerk Guide, Instructor Packet--Part I. A Spec Unit for the 10th, 11th, or 12th Grade. A Career Education Unit (An Edited Developmental Draft).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Foster, Brian; And Others

The instructor packet is part of an eight volume unit for grades 10, 11, and 12, designed for individualized progression in preparing students for entry into the occupation of accounting clerk. The instructor packet lists performance objectives, vocabulary, learning tasks, and supplemental activities for lessons 1 through 11. It also includes…

Jomeokee Geology. Pilot Mountain State Park: An Environmental Education Learning Experience Designed for Grades 9-12.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Michael W.

This activity packet provides educators with a series of hands-on classroom and outdoor education activities for grades 9-12 that focus on geology using the Pilot Mountain State Park. The packet was designed to meet established curriculum objectives of the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction's Standard Course of Study. Three types of…

Schools Are for All Kids. Part II: School Site Implementation. Trainer's Packet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roger, Blair; And Others

This trainer's packet, designed to be used in conjunction with the participant's manual, was prepared for a 2-day workshop to restructure schools to embrace all children, including those with disabilities. The trainer's materials include: program objectives; masters for overhead transparencies; and descriptions of learning activities, including…

Building Maintenance. Math Learning Activity Packet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grant, Shelia I.

This collection of learning activities is intended for use in reinforcing mathematics instruction as it relates to building maintenance. Fifty activity sheets are provided. These are organized into units on the following topics: numeration, adding whole numbers, subtracting whole numbers, multiplying whole numbers, dividing whole numbers,…

A Rainforest Child. An Active Learning Pack for 8-13 Year Olds [Second Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lyle, Sue; Roberts, Maggy

This resource packet includes a teacher's guide, reproducible student worksheets, posters, activity cards, and a music audiotape: "Song of the Forest," with a booklet of lyrics. The teacher's guide suggests interdisciplinary activities which meet the United Kingdom's National Curriculum requirements and encourage active learning as…

Health Activities Project (HAP): Breathing Fitness Module.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buller, Dave; And Others

Contained within this Health Activities Project (HAP) learning packet are activities for children in grades 5-8. Design of the activities centers around the idea that students can control their own health and safety. Within this module are teacher and student folios describing four activities which involve students in learning how to measure their…

Tornadoes: A Center Approach.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Christman-Rothlein, Liz; Meinbach, Anita M.

1981-01-01

Information is given on how to put together a learning center. Discusses information and activity packets for a complete learning center on tornadoes including objectives, directions, materials, photographs of physical arrangements, and posttest. (DC)

Design Concepts. Teacher Edition. Marketing Education LAPs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hawley, Jana

This learning activity packet is designed to help prepare students to acquire a competency: how to use design concepts in preparation for a career in the fashion industry. The unit consists of the competency, four objectives, suggested learning activities, transparency masters, and a pretest/posttest with answer keys. Activities include a…

Careers in Fashion. Teacher Edition. Marketing Education LAPs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hawley, Jana

This learning activity packet is designed to help students to acquire a competency, namely: how to use knowledge of careers in the fashion industry to gain information about their career choices. The unit consists of the competency, three objectives, suggested learning activities, transparency masters, handout materials for activities, and a…

Alpine Forest. Mount Mitchell State Park: An Environmental Education Learning Experience Designed for Grades 4-6.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bradley, Jack L., Jr.; Beazley, Lea J.; Cook, Carrie

This curriculum packet was developed to provide environmental education through a series of hands-on activities for the classroom and the outdoor setting of Mount Mitchell State Park, North Carolina. Designed for grades 3 through 6, the packet meets established curriculum objectives of the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction's Standard…

Computer-Assisted Programmed Instruction in Textiles.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kean, Rita C.; Laughlin, Joan

Students in an introductory textiles course at the University of Nebraska's College of Home Economics actively participate in the learning experience through a self-paced instructional technique. Specific learning packets were developed adapting programmed instructional learning materials to computer assisted instruction (CAI). A study booklet…

Elementary Environmental Learning Packet K-3, Third Revised Edition. [Primary CEL Blocks, Student Activity Cards].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brevard County School Board, Cocoa, FL.

This environmental education program consists of two levels: primary and intermediate. The learning materials are activity based and incorporate process and subject area skills with knowledge and concern for the environment. The program is also interdisciplinary including activities and skills from art, language arts, mathematics, music, science,…

Drafting. Technology Learning Activity. Teacher Edition. Technology Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This packet of technology learning activity (TLA) materials for drafting for students in grades 6-10 consists of an instructor's section and student materials. The instructor's section contains background information, suggested activities, and a list of suggested resources. A lesson plan for the 8-day module includes assignments; equipment, tools,…

Residential Construction. Technology Learning Activity. Teacher Edition. Technology Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This packet of technology learning activity (TLA) materials for residential construction for students in grades 6-10 consists of an instructor's section and student materials. The instructor's section contains background information, suggested activities, and a list of suggested resources. A lesson plan for the 10-day module includes assignments;…

20th Century Fashions. Teacher Edition. Marketing Education LAPs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hawley, Jana

This learning activity packet is designed to help students to acquire a competency: how to use an understanding of fashion history in preparation for a career in the fashion industry. The unit consists of the competency, three objectives, suggested learning activity, transparency masters, and a pretest/posttest with answer keys. The activity is a…

Assessing Environmental Impact: A Secondary School Learning Activity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nous, Albert P.

This packet contains information on teaching about environmental impact. Background information is included on the role of environmental impact on our society and environmental risk is also discussed. Environmental impacts are studied using Stages of Assessment. Learning activities and seven lesson plans include: (1) "The Community…

Beverages. Learning Activity Pack and Instructor's Guide 5.3. Commercial Foods and Culinary Arts Competency-Based Series. Section 5: Basic Food Preparation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Studies in Vocational Education.

This document consists of a learning activity packet (LAP) for the student and an instructor's guide for the teacher. The LAP is intended to acquaint occupational home economics students with preparing and serving beverages and caring for the equipment used to make them. Illustrated information sheets and learning activities are provided in these…

Art Image Preschool: Introducing 3-to-5-Year-Old Children to Art and Artists. [Packet] 5: Children Together. Teacher's Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thompson, Christine

This teacher's guide accompanies a packet of five art reproductions based on children as a theme. The guide offers suggestions for engaging children's attention and curiosity about art and artists, and encourages exploration of the issues these works present through art activities, discussions, learning centers, field trips, and other experiences…

Old as the Hills. Morrow Mountain State Park: An Environmental Education Learning Experience Designed for Grades 5-7.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

North Carolina State Dept. of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Raleigh. Div. of Parks and Recreation.

This curriculum packet was developed and designed to provide environmental education through a series of hands-on activities for the classroom and the outdoor setting of Morrow Mountain State Park, North Carolina to introduce students to the geology of the Uwharrie Mountains. Designed for grades 5 through 7, the packet meets the established…

Nutrition and the Arts. Arizona Nutrition Education & Training Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arizona State Dept. of Education, Phoenix.

This packet contains 12 lesson plans, listing learning activities, for teaching elementary school students about nutrition. The learning activities described involve art and art appreciation, encompassing such areas as drama, music, movement/dance, and visual arts. Recipes and cooking instruction are also included, along with references and notes…

Entrepreneurship. Technology Learning Activity. Teacher Edition. Technology Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This packet of technology learning activity (TLA) materials on entrepreneurship for students in grades 6-10 consists of a technology education overview, information on use, and instructor's and student's sections. The overview discusses the technology education program and materials. Components of the instructor's and student's sections are…

Introduction to Animation. Technology Learning Activity. Teacher Edition. Technology Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This packet of technology learning activity (TLA) materials on introduction to animation for students in grades 6-10 consists of a technology education overview, information on use, and the instructor's and student's sections. The overview discusses the technology education program and materials. Section components are described next. The…

Textiles. Teacher Edition. Marketing Education LAPs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hawley, Jana

This learning activity packet is designed to help students to acquire a competency: how to use knowledge of textile design to gain expertise in preparation for a career in the fashion industry. The unit consists of the competency, four objectives, suggested learning activities, transparency masters, and a pretest/posttest with answer keys.…

Audiovisual Programming. Technology Learning Activity. Teacher Edition. Technology Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This packet of technology learning activity (TLA) materials on audiovisual programming for students in grades 6-10 consists of a technology education overview, information on use, and the instructor's and student's sections. The overview discusses the technology education program and materials. Components of the instructor's and student's sections…

Health Occupations. Technology Learning Activity. Teacher Edition. Technology Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This packet of technology learning activity (TLA) materials on health occupations for students in grades 6-10 consists of a technology education overview, information on use, and instructor's and student's sections. The overview discusses the technology education program and materials. Components of the instructor's and student's sections are…

Electronic Publishing. Technology Learning Activity. Teacher Edition. Technology Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This packet of technology learning activity (TLA) materials on electronic publishing for students in grades 6-10 consists of a technology education overview, information on use, and the instructor's and student's sections. The overview discusses the technology education program and materials. Components of the instructor and student sections are…

Career Search. Technology Learning Activity. Teacher Edition. Technology Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This packet of technology learning activity (TLA) materials on career search for students in grades 6-10 consists of a technology education overview, information on use, and the instructor's and student's sections. The overview discusses the technology education program and materials. Components of the instructor's and student's sections are…

Design Patterns for Learning and Assessment: Facilitating the Introduction of a Complex Simulation-Based Learning Environment into a Community of Instructors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Frezzo, Dennis C.; Behrens, John T.; Mislevy, Robert J.

2010-04-01

Simulation environments make it possible for science and engineering students to learn to interact with complex systems. Putting these capabilities to effective use for learning, and assessing learning, requires more than a simulation environment alone. It requires a conceptual framework for the knowledge, skills, and ways of thinking that are meant to be developed, in order to design activities that target these capabilities. The challenges of using simulation environments effectively are especially daunting in dispersed social systems. This article describes how these challenges were addressed in the context of the Cisco Networking Academies with a simulation tool for computer networks called Packet Tracer. The focus is on a conceptual support framework for instructors in over 9,000 institutions around the world for using Packet Tracer in instruction and assessment, by learning to create problem-solving scenarios that are at once tuned to the local needs of their students and consistent with the epistemic frame of "thinking like a network engineer." We describe a layered framework of tools and interfaces above the network simulator that supports the use of Packet Tracer in the distributed community of instructors and students.

Introduction to Fish and Shellfish. Learning Activity Pack and Instructor's Guide 5.13a. Commercial Foods and Culinary Arts Competency-Based Series. Section 5: Basic Food Preparation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Studies in Vocational Education.

This document consists of a learning activity packet (LAP) for the student and an instructor's guide for the teacher. The LAP is intended to acquaint occupational home economics students with fish and shellfish for restaurant use. Illustrated information sheets and learning activities are provided in these areas: buying and storing fish and…

Yeast Breads. Learning Activity Pack and Instructor's Guide 5.15a. Commercial Foods and Culinary Arts Competency-Based Series. Section 5: Basic Food Preparation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Studies in Vocational Education.

This document consists of a learning activity packet (LAP) for the student and an instructor's guide for the teacher. The LAP is intended to acquaint occupational home economics students with yeast breads and their ingredients. Illustrated information sheets and learning activities are provided in these areas: yeast breads and their ingredients,…

Preparing Soups. Learning Activity Pack and Instructor's Guide 5.10b. Commercial Foods and Culinary Arts Competency-Based Series. Section 5: Basic Food Preparation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Studies in Vocational Education.

This document consists of a learning activity packet (LAP) for the student and an instructor's guide for the teacher. The LAP is intended to acquaint occupational home economics students with preparing and serving soups. Illustrated information sheets and learning activities are provided in these areas: thin soups, thick soups, convenience soups,…

Art Image Preschool: Introducing 3-to-5-Year-Old Children to Art and Artists. [Packet] 3: Portraits Are Images of People. Teacher's Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thompson, Christine

This teacher's guide accompanies a packet of five art reproductions based on portraits as a theme. The guide offers suggestions for engaging children's attention and curiosity about art and artists, and encourages exploration of the issues these works present through art activities, discussions, learning centers, field trips, and other experiences…

Art Image Preschool: Introducing 3-to-5-Year-Old Children to Art and Artists. [Packet] 2: Pets Are Part of Our Lives. Teacher's Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thompson, Christine

This teacher's guide accompanies a packet of five art reproductions based on pets as a theme. The guide offers suggestions for engaging children's attention and curiosity about art and artists, and encourages exploration of the issues these works present through art activities, discussions, learning centers, field trips, and other experiences…

Aerospace and Flight. Technology Learning Activity. Teacher Edition. Technology Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This packet of technology learning activity (TLA) materials on aerospace and flight for students in grades 6-10 consists of a technology education overview, information on use, and instructor's and student's sections. The overview discusses the technology education program and materials. Components of the instructor's and student's sections are…

General Information Packet on Learning Disabilities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Center for Learning Disabilities, Inc., New York, NY.

This information packet provides an overview of learning disabilities. Information includes the following: (1) the definition of learning disability; (2) incidence of learning disabilities; (3) criteria used to decide whether a person has a learning disability; (4) common causes of learning disabilities; (5) the importance of early identification;…

Using Herbs and Spices/Preparing Sauces and Gravies. Learning Activity Pack and Instructor's Guide 5.11. Commercial Foods and Culinary Arts Competency-Based Series. Section 5: Basic Food Preparation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Studies in Vocational Education.

This document consists of a learning activity packet (LAP) for the student and an instructor's guide for the teacher. The LAP is intended to acquaint occupational home economics students with herbs and spices and the selection and preparation of sauces and gravies. Illustrated information sheets and learning activities are provided in these areas:…

Buying, Preparing, and Cooking Shellfish. Learning Activity Pack and Instructor's Guide 5.13c. Commercial Foods and Culinary Arts Competency-Based Series. Section 5: Basic Food Preparation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Studies in Vocational Education.

This document consists of a learning activity packet (LAP) for the student and an instructor's guide for the teacher. The LAP is intended to acquaint occupational home economics students with the various market forms of shellfish and how to clean, prepare, and cook them. Illustrated information sheets and learning activities are provided in these…

Buying, Preparing, and Cooking Fish. Learning Activity Pack and Instructor's Guide 5.13b. Commercial Foods and Culinary Arts Competency-Based Series. Section 5: Basic Food Preparation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Studies in Vocational Education.

This document consists of a learning activity packet (LAP) for the student and an instructor's guide for the teacher. The LAP is intended to acquaint occupational home economics students with the market forms of fish, how to clean and portion them, and how to cook them. Illustrated information sheets and learning activities are provided in these…

Using Cooking, Baking, and Cutting Terms. Learning Activity Pack and Instructor's Guide 5.1a. Commercial Foods and Culinary Arts Competency-Based Series. Section 5: Basic Food Preparation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Studies in Vocational Education.

This document consists of a learning activity packet (LAP) for the student and an instructor's guide for the teacher. The LAP is intended to acquaint occupational home economics students with some of the terms used in recipes. Illustrated information sheets and learning activities are provided on important cooking, baking, and cutting terms. The…

Recognition and Use of Kitchen Tools and Utensils. Learning Activity Pack and Instructor's Guide 4.4. Commercial Foods and Culinary Arts Competency-Based Series. Section 4: Equipment Handling, Operation, and Maintenance.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Studies in Vocational Education.

This document consists of a learning activity packet (LAP) for the student and an instructor's guide for the teacher. The LAP is intended to acquaint occupational home economics students with common tools and utensils used in commercial kitchens. Illustrated information sheets and learning activities are provided on various kitchen tools (cutting,…

Data Randomization and Cluster-Based Partitioning for Botnet Intrusion Detection.

PubMed

Al-Jarrah, Omar Y; Alhussein, Omar; Yoo, Paul D; Muhaidat, Sami; Taha, Kamal; Kim, Kwangjo

2016-08-01

Botnets, which consist of remotely controlled compromised machines called bots, provide a distributed platform for several threats against cyber world entities and enterprises. Intrusion detection system (IDS) provides an efficient countermeasure against botnets. It continually monitors and analyzes network traffic for potential vulnerabilities and possible existence of active attacks. A payload-inspection-based IDS (PI-IDS) identifies active intrusion attempts by inspecting transmission control protocol and user datagram protocol packet's payload and comparing it with previously seen attacks signatures. However, the PI-IDS abilities to detect intrusions might be incapacitated by packet encryption. Traffic-based IDS (T-IDS) alleviates the shortcomings of PI-IDS, as it does not inspect packet payload; however, it analyzes packet header to identify intrusions. As the network's traffic grows rapidly, not only the detection-rate is critical, but also the efficiency and the scalability of IDS become more significant. In this paper, we propose a state-of-the-art T-IDS built on a novel randomized data partitioned learning model (RDPLM), relying on a compact network feature set and feature selection techniques, simplified subspacing and a multiple randomized meta-learning technique. The proposed model has achieved 99.984% accuracy and 21.38 s training time on a well-known benchmark botnet dataset. Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed methodology outperforms other well-known machine-learning models used in the same detection task, namely, sequential minimal optimization, deep neural network, C4.5, reduced error pruning tree, and randomTree.

Preparing Stocks. Learning Activity Pack and Instructor's Guide 5.10a. Commercial Foods and Culinary Arts Competency-Based Series. Section 5: Basic Food Preparation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Studies in Vocational Education.

This document consists of a learning activity packet (LAP) for the student and an instructor's guide for the teacher. The LAP is intended to acquaint occupational home economics students with the uses for and types of stocks and also gives information on how to cook, cool, and store stocks. Illustrated information sheets and learning activities…

The Educational Activities of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fraknoi, Andrew

1981-01-01

Describes educational activities of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific including learning packets on various astronomy concepts, Morrison lectures, newspaper columns, teacher workshops, cosponsoring astronomy oriented lectures, and providing speakers for various groups. (DS)

#GoOpen District Launch Packet

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Office of Educational Technology, US Department of Education, 2016

2016-01-01

Across the country, districts are choosing to #GoOpen and transitioning to the use of openly licensed educational resources to improve student learning in their schools. Openly licensed educational resources enable districts to reallocate significant funds currently spent on inflexible, static learning materials to resources and activities that…

Health Activities Project (HAP): Action/Reaction Module.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buller, Dave; And Others

Contained within this Health Activities Project (HAP) learning packet are activities for children in grades 5-8. Design of the activities centers around the idea that students can control their own health and safety. Within this module are teacher and student folios describing activities in timing, improving, and practicing to improve reaction…

Industrial Automation Mechanic Model Curriculum Project. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Toledo Public Schools, OH.

This document describes a demonstration program that developed secondary level competency-based instructional materials for industrial automation mechanics. Program activities included task list compilation, instructional materials research, learning activity packet (LAP) development, construction of lab elements, system implementation,…

Learning Disabilities in the Workplace: A Professional Development Packet. Session 1 & 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Corley, Mary Ann; Tibbetts, John

This field-tested training packet, which was designed for adult literacy providers, contains preparation materials, facilitator's notes, handout masters, and transparency masters for two 3-hour sessions on learning disabilities (LD) in the workplace. (At the end of the first session supported by the packet, participants will be able to do the…

Headstart for Every Child.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Butler, Annie L.

An early learning kit provides a booklet of ten articles on educational head starts for children along with an activity packet for classroom use. The articles deal with: the crucial early school years; emotional preparation of the child; broadening a child's background; selecting toys and games; reading readiness; mathematical skills; learning to…

The United States History (Laotian Edition). [34 Self-Learning Packets for Laotian Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nhi, Do Dien; And Others

Designed primarily for Indochinese students in grades 9-12, 34 United States history self-learning packets are presented in eight sections. The publication could be used by mainstream teachers who have a number of limited English proficient (LEP) Laotian students in their classes or by parents to tutor their children. The packets were adapted from…

The United States History = Lich Su Hoa Ky. [34 Self-Learning Packets for Vietnamese Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nhi, Do Dien; And Others

Designed primarily for Indochinese students in grades 9-12, 34 United States history self-learning packets are presented in eight sections. The publication could be used by mainstream teachers who have a number of limited English proficient (LEP) Vietnamese students in their classes or by parents to tutor their children. The packets were adapted…

Health Activities Project (HAP): Sight and Sound Module.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buller, Dave; And Others

Contained within this Health Activities Project (HAP) learning packet are activities for children in grades 5-8. Design of the activities centers around the idea that students can control their own health and safety. Within this module are teacher and student folios describing six activities which involve students in restricting their vision by…

Health Activities Project (HAP): Heart Fitness and Action Module.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buller, Dave; And Others

Contained within this Health Activities Project (HAP) learning packet are activities for children in grades 5-8. Design of the activities centers around the idea that students can control their own health and safety. Within the Heart Fitness and Action Module are teacher and student folios describing five activities which involve students in…

Science To Go: Fact and Fiction Learning Packs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sauerteig, Judy

This book demonstrates how to specifically pair a fiction and nonfiction book of the same theme and package them with copies of question and activity sheets to provide students with take-home learning packets for independent learning and family use. For each grade level in K-3, 15 topic areas are explored through two books with a common theme.…

Constrained Bayesian Active Learning of Interference Channels in Cognitive Radio Networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tsakmalis, Anestis; Chatzinotas, Symeon; Ottersten, Bjorn

2018-02-01

In this paper, a sequential probing method for interference constraint learning is proposed to allow a centralized Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) accessing the frequency band of a Primary User (PU) in an underlay cognitive scenario with a designed PU protection specification. The main idea is that the CRN probes the PU and subsequently eavesdrops the reverse PU link to acquire the binary ACK/NACK packet. This feedback indicates whether the probing-induced interference is harmful or not and can be used to learn the PU interference constraint. The cognitive part of this sequential probing process is the selection of the power levels of the Secondary Users (SUs) which aims to learn the PU interference constraint with a minimum number of probing attempts while setting a limit on the number of harmful probing-induced interference events or equivalently of NACK packet observations over a time window. This constrained design problem is studied within the Active Learning (AL) framework and an optimal solution is derived and implemented with a sophisticated, accurate and fast Bayesian Learning method, the Expectation Propagation (EP). The performance of this solution is also demonstrated through numerical simulations and compared with modified versions of AL techniques we developed in earlier work.

Vegetables. Learning Activity Pack and Instructor's Guide 5.14. Commercial Foods and Culinary Arts Competency-Based Series. Section 5: Basic Food Preparation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Studies in Vocational Education.

This document consists of a learning activity packet (LAP) for the student and an instructor's guide for the teacher. The LAP is intended to acquaint occupational home economics students with the major types of vegetables, with the procedures for storing vegetables, and with the general rules and methods of vegetable cookery. Illustrated…

Starch Products. Learning Activity Pack and Instructor's Guide 5.9. Commercial Foods and Culinary Arts Competency-Based Series. Section 5: Basic Food Preparation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Studies in Vocational Education.

This document consists of a learning activity packet (LAP) for the student and an instructor's guide for the teacher. The LAP is intended to acquaint occupational home economics students with some basic information about starches and with three starch products found throughout the world: cereals and rice, potatoes, and pasta. Illustrated…

Agricultural Education Science Activity--Nos. PS 1-6.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Agricultural Curriculum Materials Service.

This packet contains six science learning activities that can be used in agricultural education courses. The activities cover these topics: (1) determining the effects of soil drainage on plant growth and development; (2) determining the effect of soil compaction on plant growth and development; (3) inoculating legume seeds to promote nodule…

Agricultural Education Science Activity--Nos. GGEB 1-2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Agricultural Curriculum Materials Service.

This packet contains two science learning activities that can be used in agricultural education courses. The first activity, "Using Ethanol as a Solvent," is intended to help students describe the characteristics of a solvent, to enhance student observational skills dealing with physical changes, and to demonstrate the acid or alkaline…

Agricultural Education Science Activity--Nos. AEM 1-4.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Agricultural Curriculum Materials Service.

This packet contains four science learning activities that can be used in agricultural education courses. The activities cover these topics: (1) determining the effect of air pressure on fluid flow; (2) how lubrication and oil viscosity affect friction; (3) determining relative strengths of wood fasteners; and (4) determining the effects of…

Agricultural Education Science Activity--Nos. AS 1-4.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Agricultural Curriculum Materials Service.

This packet contains four science learning activities on the subject of animal science that can be used in agricultural education courses. The activities cover these topics: (1) identifying internal parasites in domestic livestock; (2) the effect of feed preparation on feed palatability and consumption; (3) determining the absorption abilities of…

Cooperative Learning in Rural and Small Schools. Rural/Small Schools Network Information Exchange: Number 10, Spring 1991.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Regional Laboratory for Educational Improvement of the Northeast & Islands, Andover, MA.

This packet includes reprints of journal articles and other resources pertaining to cooperative learning strategies in small, rural schools. The four sections of the packet cover introduction to cooperative learning, examples of how team strategies and cooperative learning can be used, issues such as program evaluation and public relations, and…

Elementary Environmental Learning Packet K-3, Second Revised Edition. [Primary CEL Blocks. Teacher's Guide].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brevard County School Board, Cocoa, FL.

This environmental education program consists of two levels: primary and intermediate. The material in this publication encompasses the primary level. The learning materials are activity-based and incorporate process and subject area skills with knowledge and concern for the environment. The program is also interdisciplinary including activities…

Elementary Environmental Learning Packet Grades 4-6, Second Revised Edition. [Intermediate CEL Blocks. Teacher's Guide].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brevard County School Board, Cocoa, FL.

This environmental education program consists of two levels: primary and intermediate. The material in this publication encompasses the intermediate level. The learning materials are activity-based and incorporate process and subject area skills with knowledge and concern for the environment. The program is also interdisciplinary including…

Energy Utilization Technology Curriculum Materials FY 91. Illinois Plan for Industrial Technology Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gallo, Dennis; Welty, Kenneth

This document contains technology-based learning activities for the Illinois energy utilization technology course at the orientation level (grades 9 and 10). This packet includes a course rationale, course mission statement, course description, course outline, suggested learning objectives for each of the energy utilization areas, and suggested…

Petty Cash. Student's Manual and Instructor's Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McElveen, Peggy C.

Both a set of student materials and an instructor's manual on maintaining a petty cash fund are included in this packet, which is one of a series. The student materials include a pretest, five learning activities which contain the information and forms needed to complete the activities, a student self-check, with each activity, and a posttest. The…

Notes from beyond the Cognitive Domain.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brand, Alice, Comp.; Graves, Dick, Comp.

This packet summarizes the ideas, concepts, suggestions, and speculations growing out of a think tank which explored the uncharted region beyond cognitive learning. The packet shows that participants were divided into groups to discuss teaching, research, bibliographic information, theoretical ideas, and professional issues. The packet contains:…

Keys To The Kansas Environment. 4-H School Enrichment Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kansas State Univ., Manhattan. Extension Service.

The 4-H Club packet for preschool and elementary school children contains nine "keys", or short learning exercises, designed to enrich science and environmental education both in and out of the classroom. Each "key" includes the purpose of the activity, the intended audience, the best time of the year for the activity,…

A Mountain Child: An Active Learning Pack for 9-13 Year Olds.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lyle, Sue; Jenkins, Alyson

This resource packet includes a teacher's guide, reproducible student activity sheets, a simulation game: "Life with the Incas", and a poster. The resource presents a cross-curricular thematic approach to the United Kingdom's National Curriculum. The materials look at the Andes and the Andean people, the Quechuan, who live in the…

Alcohol Fuels. Instructional Materials.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jordan, Kenneth; Thessing, Dan

This document is one of five learning packets on alternative energy developed as part of the descriptive curriculum research project in Arkansas (see note). The overall objectives of the learning packets are to improve the level of instruction in the alternative energies by vocational exploration teachers, and to facilitate the integration of new…

Family Focus: Reading and Learning Together Packet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Newspaper Publishers Association Foundation, Washington, DC.

Recognizing the crucial role played by parents and family in literacy development, a program called "Family Focus: Reading and Learning Together" has published this packet designed to teach parents ways to use the newspaper to reinforce reading skills in a relaxed home setting. It contains suggestions and materials for four 90-minute…

Conservation. Instructional Materials.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jordan, Kenneth; Thessing, Dan

This document is one of five learning packets on alternative energy developed as part of a descriptive curriculum research project in Arkansas (see note). The overall objectives of the learning packets are to improve the level of instruction in the alternative energies by vocational exploration teachers, and to facilitate the integration of new…

Wind Power. Instructional Materials.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jordan, Kenneth; Thessing, Dan

This document is one of five learning packets on alternative energy developed as part of a descriptive curriculum research project in Arkansas (see note). The overall objectives of the learning packets are to improve the level of instruction in the alternative energies by vocational exploration teachers, and to facilitate the integration of new…

Nuclear Energy. Instructional Materials.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jordan, Kenneth; Thessing, Dan

This document is one of five learning packets on alternative energy (see note) developed as part of a descriptive curriculum research project in Arkansas. The overall objectives of the learning packets are to improve the level of instruction in the alternative energies by vocational exploration teachers, and to facilitate the integration of new…

Solar Energy. Instructional Materials.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jordan, Kenneth; Thessing, Dan

This document is one of five learning packets on alternative energy developed as part of a descriptive curriculum research project in Arkansas (see note). The overall objectives of the learning packets are to improve the level of instruction in the alternative energies by vocational exploration teachers, and to facilitate the integration of new…

Student Problems. Adult Literacy Independent Learning Packet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Koefer, Ann M.

This independent learning packet, which is designed for administrators, teachers, counselors, and tutors in Pennsylvania's Region 7 Tri-Valley Literacy Staff Development area as well as for their adult students, examines the following seven problems encountered by students: the job market, child care, single parenting/parenting skills, divorce,…

Metamorphic Mountain: Mount Jefferson State Park. An Environmental Education Learning Experience Designed for Grades 5-7.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pittman, George K., II

This activity packet was designed to introduce students in grades 5-7 to the geology of the Blue Ridge Mountains through hands-on activities for the classroom and the outdoor setting of Mount Jefferson State Park (Jefferson, North Carolina). Previsit activities introduce students to the different rock types: sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic.…

Hoover Dam Learning Packet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bureau of Reclamation (Dept. of Interior), Washington, DC.

This learning packet provides background information about Hoover Dam (Nevada) and the surrounding area. Since the dam was built at the height of the Depression in 1931, people came from all over the country to work on it. Because of Hoover Dam, the Colorado River was controlled for the first time in history and farmers in Nevada, California, and…

India Culture Box. Fulbright-Hays Summer Seminar Abroad 1994 (India).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Benedict, Edward S.

This packet describes how a culture kit can be used to engage students in active learning. While using the kit and poster lessons, students will improve their skills of observation, valuing and analysis. Activities include: (1) a "What is it?" game of exploration of cultural items; (2) poster lessons depicting Indian food, gods and…

Beyond Homework: Science and Mathematics Backpacks.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kokoski, Teresa M.; Patton, Mary Martin

1997-01-01

Describes classroom-developed science and mathematics backpacks, self-contained educational packets developed around a theme or concept and designed to be completed at home. Presents generalized contents, a sample backpack on colors, and the backpack's advantages, including promotion of active learning, family involvement, curriculum integration,…

Administrative/Office Technology. A Guide to Resources.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Vocational Instructional Materials Lab.

This guide, which was written for general marketing instructors in Ohio, lists nearly 450 resources for use in conjunction with the Administrative/Office Technology Occupational Competency Analysis Profile. The texts, workbooks, modules, software, videos, and learning activities packets listed are categorized by the following topics:…

General Marketing. A Guide to Resources.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Vocational Instructional Materials Lab.

This guide, which was written for general marketing instructors in Ohio, lists more than 600 resources for use in conjunction with the General Marketing Occupational Competency Analysis Profile. The texts, workbooks, modules, software, videos, and learning activities packets listed are categorized by the following topics: human resource…

Sports Medicine. Clinical Rotation. Instructor's Packet and Student Study Packet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Texas Univ., Austin. Extension Instruction and Materials Center.

The materials in this packet are for a course designed to provide individualized classroom study for a specific area of clinical rotation--sports medicine. The instructor's manual describes the learning objectives together with a list of reference materials that should be provided for completion of the student worksheets, and lists suggested…

Health and Family Living. Teacher Guidebook and Student Activity Book. Adult Basic Education Project REAL: Relevant Education for Adult Learners.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Edgar, S. Keith

This packet contains both a teacher's guide and a student activity book designed to help adult students learn about health and family living. Both booklets cover the following topics: health in the home, safety in the home (safety tips concerning children, tips on indoor safety, first aid), helping children with school activities, leisure time and…

The United States History (Khmer Edition). [34 Self-Learning Packets for Khmer Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nhi, Do Dien; And Others

Designed primarily for Indochinese students in grades 9-12, 34 United States history self-learning packets Materials produced as a joint effort between George Mason University, in eight sections. The publication could be used by mainstream teachers who have a number of limited English proficient (LEP) Khmer students in their classes or by parents…

Photovoltaic: Instructional Manual. The North Dakota High Technology Mobile Laboratory Project.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Auer, Herbert J.

This instructional manual contains 11 learning activity packets for use in a workshop on photovoltaic converters. The lessons cover the following topics: introduction; solar radiation--input for photovoltaic converters; photovoltaic cells; solar electric generator systems; characteristics of silicon cells; photovoltaic module source resistance;…

Portapark.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ohio State Dept. of Natural Resources, Columbus. Div. of Parks and Recreation.

Because it is sometimes difficult for teachers to arrange field trips to state parks, and difficult for naturalists to come to schools for presentations, the Ohio Department of Natural Resources has developed Portapark, an activity packet that teachers can use to bring an outdoor learning experience into their classrooms. most of the ideas and…

Predators and Prey: Jordan Lake State Recreation Area. An Environmental Education Learning Experience Designed for Grades K-3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boswell, Henry, III; Stamm, Daniel K.

This document provides hands-on environmental education activities for the classroom and the outdoor setting of Jordan Lake State Recreation Area. The activity packet, designed for grades K-3, meets curriculum objectives of the standard course of study established by the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction. It includes on-site…

Wetland Wonders. Goose Creek State Park: An Environmental Education Learning Experience Designed for Grades 4-6.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

North Carolina State Dept. of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Raleigh. Div. of Parks and Recreation.

This curriculum guide was developed to provide environmental education through a series of hands-on activities for the classroom and the outdoor setting of Goose Creek State Park, North Carolina. This activity packet, designed for the 4th, 5th, and 6th grades, meets established curriculum objectives of the North Carolina Department of Public…

Marketing and Distributive Education Curriculum Development Report. Final Report from December 31, 1981 to June 30, 1982.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Florida Atlantic Univ., Boca Raton.

A project developed 10 learning activity packets (LAPs)--3 for Recreation/Tourism and 7 for Human Relations Skills. These LAPs were for use in high schools, vocational-technical centers, and community colleges and for teacher preservice and inservice staff development activities. The LAPs were produced by a team of Marketing and Distributive…

Tall Tales of North America.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fresno City Unified School District, CA.

Designed for use in junior high school language arts classes, this learning activity packet introduces students to North American folklore. Selected readings cover Indian tales, real folk heroes (Davy Crockett and John Henry), imaginary folk heroes (Paul Bunyan and Pecos Bill), Black folk stories (Brer Rabbit), and tales of Washington Irving. Each…

Old Time Apple Cider Makin': An Outdoor Education Unit.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Matthews, Bruce E.; Oakes, David B.

An illustrated, self-contained packet, the resource materials contained in this guide are designed for adaptation to K-8. The resources and ideas presented here are designed to encourage utilization of the outdoors as a learning resource. While intrinsically multidisciplinary, the activities are particularly adaptable to social studies, science,…

Greek and Roman Myths.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carr, Fredella; Faggionato, Michael

Designed for use with the text "Greek and Roman Myths," this junior high school learning activity packet introduces students to mythology and examines the influence of myths on contemporary culture. Over 20 exercises, tagged to specific readings in the text, cover identification of the major gods, the Prometheus myth, the Atlas myth,…

Computer Numerical Control: Instructional Manual. The North Dakota High Technology Mobile Laboratory Project.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sinn, John W.

This instructional manual contains five learning activity packets for use in a workshop on computer numerical control for computer-aided manufacturing. The lessons cover the following topics: introduction to computer-aided manufacturing, understanding the lathe, using the computer, computer numerically controlled part programming, and executing a…

Resource Material Developed for Secondary Education: 18 Booklets.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oatland Island Education Center, Savannah, GA.

Each Learning Activity Packet in this series delineates performance objectives, procedures, materials, and references. Some also contain pre- and post-tests. They are primarily intended for the secondary level. The topics are: (1) Noise Pollution; (2) Georgia Ports Authority: Its Environmental Impact; (3) Environmental Experiencing; (4) Me in My…

Children's Literature with a Science Emphasis: Twenty Teacher-Developed K-8 Activity Packets.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Butler, Malcolm B.

This document features 10 science activity packets developed for elementary students by science teachers in a graduate seminar. The activity packets were designed to cover existing commercial children's books on specific content areas. The 10 activity packets are: (1) "Bringing the Rain to Kapiti Plain," which explains the water cycle;…

Threatened and Endangered Species: Tour Packet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coats, Victoria; Samia, Cory

This resource unit contains a teacher information packet and a middle school student activity packet to be used in creating a threatened and endangered species unit. The packet of student activities is designed to help maximize a field trip to the zoo and build on students' zoo experience in the classroom. The teacher information packet covers the…

Learning about Science Graphs and Word Games. Superific Science Book V. A Good Apple Science Activity Book for Grades 5-8+.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Conway, Lorraine

This packet of student materials contains a variety of worksheet activities dealing with science graphs and science word games. These reproducible materials deal with: (1) bar graphs; (2) line graphs; (3) circle graphs; (4) pictographs; (5) histograms; (6) artgraphs; (7) designing your own graphs; (8) medical prefixes; (9) color prefixes; (10)…

Robotics: Instructional Manual. The North Dakota High Technology Mobile Laboratory Project.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Auer, Herbert J.

This instructional manual contains 20 learning activity packets for use in a workshop on robotics. The lessons cover the following topics: safety considerations in robotics; introduction to technology-level and coordinate-systems categories; the teach pendant (a hand-held computer, usually attached to the robot controller, with which the operator…

Computer Aided Design: Instructional Manual. The North Dakota High Technology Mobile Laboratory Project.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cheng, Wan-Lee

This instructional manual contains 12 learning activity packets for use in a workshop in computer-aided design and drafting (CADD). The lessons cover the following topics: introduction to computer graphics and computer-aided design/drafting; coordinate systems; advance space graphics hardware configuration and basic features of the IBM PC…

Self-Instructional Module on Time Utilization. D-1 Revising Existing Structures, Document No. 10g, Revised. Independent Study Training Material for Professional Supervisory Competencies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Giesecke, Carol; And Others

This self-instructional learning packet is one part of a competency-guided program for instructional supervisor preparation developed by the Special Education Supervisor Training (SEST) project. This packet deals with the study and practice of time utilization as it relates to the supervisor; users of the packet have the opportunity to review and…

Marine Biology: Ecology of the Sea. A Zephyr Learning Packet. Revised.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tanner, Joey

From the smallest plankton to the most massive whales, marine biology is the study of the flora and fauna, the living creatures of the ocean. This Zephyr self-directed study unit was developed to bridge the gap between students as passive learners to students as active participants. Originally developed for gifted students, these units emphasize…

Laser & Fiber Optics: Instructional Manual. The North Dakota High Technology Mobile Laboratory Project.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eickhoff, Luvern R.

This instructional manual contains 20 learning activity packets for use in a workshop on lasers and fiber optics. The lessons cover the following topics: what a laser; coherent light; setting up the laser; characteristics of the laser beam; scattering of light; laser beam divergence, intensity, color, ophthalmology, and reflections; directivity of…

Forests and Flowers. A Spring Activity Packet for Third Grade.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jackson Community Coll., MI. Dahlem Environmental Education Center.

This instructional packet is one of 14 school environmental education programs developed for use in the classroom and at the Dahlem Environmental Education Center (DEEC) of the Jackson Community College (Michigan). Provided in the packet are pre-trip activities, field trip activities, and post-trip activities which focus on plants and…

Energy Conservation Activity Packet, Grade 3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bakke, Ruth

This activity packet for grade 3 is one of a series developed in response to the concern for energy conservation. It contains activities that stress an energy conservation ethic and includes many values clarification activities for grade three. The packet is divided into two parts and provides the teacher with background information, concepts and…

Signs of Fall. A Fall Activity Packet for Pre-School.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jackson Community Coll., MI. Dahlem Environmental Education Center.

This instructional packet is one of 14 school environmental education programs developed for use in the classroom and at the Dahlem Environmental Education Center (DEEC) of the Jackson Community College (Michigan). Provided in the packet are pre-trip activities, field trip activities, and post-trip activities which focus on the characteristics of…

Nature's Hitchhikers. A Fall Activity Packet for Second Grade.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jackson Community Coll., MI. Dahlem Environmental Education Center.

This instructional packet is one of 14 school environmental education programs developed for use in the classroom and at the Dahlem Environmental Education Center (DEEC) of the Jackson Community College (Michigan). Provided in the packet are pre-trip activities, field trip activities, and post-trip activities which focus on the characteristics of…

Energy Around Us. A Fall Activity Packet for Fourth Grade.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jackson Community Coll., MI. Dahlem Environmental Education Center.

This instructional packet is one of 14 school environmental education programs developed for use in the classroom and at the Dahlem Environmental Education Center (DEEC) of the Jackson Community College (Michigan). Provided in the packet are pre-trip activities, field trip activities, and post-trip activities which focus on energy uses, energy…

Tropical Animal Tour Packet. Metro.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Metro Washington Park Zoo, Portland, OR. Educational Services Div.

This packet is designed to assist teachers in creating a tropical animals lesson plan that centers around a visit to the zoo. A teacher packet is divided into eight parts: (1) goals and objectives; (2) what to expect at the zoo; (3) student activities (preparatory activities, on-site activities, and follow-up activities); (4) background…

Michigan Natural History. A Spring Activity Packet for Fourth Grade.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jackson Community Coll., MI. Dahlem Environmental Education Center.

This instructional packet is one of 14 school environmental education programs developed for use in the classroom and at the Dahlem Environmental Education Center (DEEC) of the Jackson Community College (Michigan). Provided in the packet are pre-trip activities, field trip activities, and post-trip activities which focus on the natural history of…

Reading the Rocks. A Fall Activity Packet for Fifth Grade.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jackson Community Coll., MI. Dahlem Environmental Education Center.

This instructional packet is one of 14 school environmental education programs developed for use in the classroom and at the Dahlem Environmental Education Center (DEEC) of the Jackson Community College (Michigan). Provided in the packet are pre-trip activities, field trip activities, and post-trip activities which focus on various geological…

Spring Birds. A Spring Activity Packet for First Grade.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jackson Community Coll., MI. Dahlem Environmental Education Center.

This instructional packet is one of 14 school environmental education programs developed for use in the classroom and at the Dahlem Environmental Education Center (DEEC) of the Jackson Community College (Michigan). Provided in the packet are pre-trip activities, field trip activities, and post-trip activities which focus on the characteristics of…

Animal Homes and Habitats. A Fall Activity Packet for Third Grade.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jackson Community Coll., MI. Dahlem Environmental Education Center.

This instructional packet is one of 14 school environmental education programs developed for use in the classroom and at the Dahlem Environmental Education Center (DEEC) of the Jackson Community College (Michigan). Provided in the packet are pre-trip activities, field trip activities, and post-trip activities which focus on animal populations and…

Custodial Curriculum. Curriculum Development Project. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Ellen R.

This curriculum guide contains 10 units on custodial training that have been prepared for use by students who are academically disadvantaged. The packets, suitable for individualized instruction, have been written at an average reading level of seventh grade. Each packet contains an overview, learning objectives, pretest, written exercises,…

Notes from Beyond the Cognitive Domain.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brand, Alice, Comp.; Graves, Dick, Comp.

This packet summarizes the ideas, concepts, suggestions, and speculations growing out of a think tank which explored the uncharted region beyond cognitive learning. The packet contains: (1) an alphabetical list of 1991 and 1992 participants; (2) a list of participants' interests according to key terms; (3) summaries of small group discussions…

Energy Crisis: Libya's and Nigeria's Role. Resource Packet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

African-American Inst., New York, NY. School Services Div.

This resource packet contains practical suggestions and resource materials to help secondary teachers teach about Libya's and Nigeria's roles in the energy crisis. Students become acquainted with the governments and cultures of the two countries, examine their social problems, and learn how the Libyan and Nigerian governments are using money from…

Stationary Engineers Apprenticeship. Related Training Modules. 3.1-3.4 Drawing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lane Community Coll., Eugene, OR.

This packet of four learning modules on drawing is one of 20 such packets developed for apprenticeship training for stationary engineers. Introductory materials are a complete listing of all available modules and a supplementary reference list. Each module contains some or all of these components: goal, performance indicators, study guide (a…

Millwright Apprenticeship. Related Training Modules. 17.1-17.13 Hydraulics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lane Community Coll., Eugene, OR.

This packet of 13 learning modules on hydraulics is 1 of 6 such packets developed for apprenticeship training for millwrights. Introductory materials are a complete listing of all available modules and a supplementary reference list. Each module contains some or all of these components: goal, performance indicators, study guide (a check list of…

Stationary Engineers Apprenticeship. Related Training Modules. 10.1-10.5 Machine Components.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lane Community Coll., Eugene, OR.

This packet of five learning modules on machine components is one of 20 such packets developed for apprenticeship training for stationary engineers. Introductory materials are a complete listing of all available modules and a supplementary reference list. Each module contains some or all of these components: goal, performance indicators, statement…

Map Adventures.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Geological Survey (Dept. of Interior), Reston, VA.

This curriculum packet about maps, with seven accompanying lessons, is appropriate for students in grades K-3. Students learn basic concepts for visualizing objects from different perspectives and how to understand and use maps. Lessons in the packet center on a story about a little girl, Nikki, who rides in a hot-air balloon that gives her, and…

Stationary Engineers Apprenticeship. Related Training Modules. 8.1-8.13 Hydraulics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lane Community Coll., Eugene, OR.

This packet of 13 learning modules on hydraulics is one of 20 such packets developed for apprenticeship training for stationary engineers. Introductory materials are a complete listing of all available modules and a supplementary reference list. Each module contains some or all of these components: goal, performance indicators, study guide (a…

Stationary Engineers Apprenticeship. Related Training Modules. 9.1-9.6 Refrigeration.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lane Community Coll., Eugene, OR.

This packet of six learning modules on refrigeration is one of 20 such packets developed for apprenticeship training for stationary engineers. Introductory materials are a complete listing of all available modules and a supplementary reference list. Each module contains some or all of these components: goal, performance indicators, statement of…

Stationary Engineers Apprenticeship. Related Training Modules. 5.1-5.17 Electricity/Electronics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lane Community Coll., Eugene, OR.

This packet of 17 learning modules on electricity/electronics is one of 20 such packets developed for apprenticeship training for stationary engineers. Introductory materials are a complete listing of all available modules and a supplementary reference list. Each module contains some or all of these components: goal, performance indicators,…

Millwright Apprenticeship. Related Training Modules. 15.1-15.5 Miscellaneous.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lane Community Coll., Eugene, OR.

This packet of five learning modules on miscellaneous topics is one of six such packets developed for apprenticeship training for millwrights. Introductory materials are a complete listing of all available modules and a supplementary reference list. Each module contains some or all of these components: goal, performance indicators, study guide (a…

Millwright Apprenticeship. Related Training Modules. 13.1-13.2 Air Compressors.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lane Community Coll., Eugene, OR.

This packet of two learning modules on air compressors is one of six such packets developed for apprenticeship training for millwrights. Introductory materials are a complete listing of all available modules and a supplementary reference list. Each module contains some or all of these components: goal, performance indicators, study guide (a check…

Millwright Apprenticeship. Related Training Modules. 12.1-12.3 Feedwater.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lane Community Coll., Eugene, OR.

This packet of three learning modules on feedwater is one of six such packets developed for apprenticeship training for millwrights. Introductory materials are a complete listing of all available modules and a supplementary reference list. Each module contains some or all of these components: goal, performance indicators, study guide (a check list…

Where To Get Resource Materials To Address Barriers to Learning. A Resource Packet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

California Univ., Los Angeles. Center for Mental Health in Schools.

This resource aid is designed to provide a sampling of organizations and publishers that offer a variety of materials relevant to addressing students' psychosocial and mental concerns. Included is information about resources available upon request and/or purchase. The packet is divided into three sections. Section 1 identifies national…

Stationary Engineers Apprenticeship. Related Training Modules. 4.1-4.5 Tools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lane Community Coll., Eugene, OR.

This packet of five learning modules on tools is one of 20 such packets developed for apprenticeship training for stationary engineers. Introductory materials are a complete listing of all available modules and a supplementary reference list. Each module contains some or all of these components: a lesson goal, performance indicators, study guide…

California Community Colleges Family and Consumer Sciences: A Plan for the 21st Century Update, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mount San Antonio Coll., Walnut, CA.

This update of the 1998 Plan for the 21st Century was designed to augment the California Community College Family and Consumer Sciences in the 21st Century packet, produced in 1996. It summarizes a variety of activities, products and events that have taken place over the past two years, and suggests resources and contacts for learning more about…

Low Voltage Alarm Apprenticeship. Related Training Modules. 29.1-29.5 Drawing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lane Community Coll., Eugene, OR.

This packet of five learning modules on drawing is one of eight such packets developed for apprenticeship training for low voltage alarm. Introductory materials are a complete listing of all available modules and a supplementary reference list. Each module contains some or all of these components: goal, performance indicators, study guide (a check…

Low Voltage Alarm Apprenticeship. Related Training Modules. 28.1-28.12 Human Relations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lane Community Coll., Eugene, OR.

This packet of 12 learning modules on human relations is 1 of 8 such packets developed for apprenticeship training for low voltage alarm. Introductory materials are a complete listing of all available modules and a supplementary reference list. Each module contains some or all of these components: goal, performance indicators, study guide (a check…

Low Voltage Alarm Apprenticeship. Related Training Modules. 6.1-6.6 Safety.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lane Community Coll., Eugene, OR.

This packet of six learning modules on safety is one of eight such packets developed for apprenticeship training for low voltage alarm. Introductory materials are a complete listing of all available modules and a supplementary reference list. Each module contains some or all of these components: goal, performance indicators, study guide (a check…

Low Voltage Alarm Apprenticeship. Related Training Modules. 27.1-27.4 Computer Usage.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lane Community Coll., Eugene, OR.

This packet of four learning modules on computer usage is one of eight such packets developed for apprenticeship training for low voltage alarm. Introductory materials are a complete listing of all available modules and a supplementary reference list. Each module contains some or all of these components: goal, performance indicators, study guide…

Low Voltage Alarm Apprenticeship. Related Training Modules. 0.1 History of Alarms.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lane Community Coll., Eugene, OR.

This packet of one learning module on the history of alarms is one of eight such packets developed for apprenticeship training for low voltage alarm. Introductory materials are a complete listing of all available modules and a supplementary reference list. Each module contains some or all of these components: goal, performance indicators, study…

Low Voltage Alarm Apprenticeship. Related Training Modules. 7.1-26.10 Alarm Basics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lane Community Coll., Eugene, OR.

This packet of 70 learning modules on alarm basics is 1 of 8 such packets developed for apprenticeship training for low voltage alarm. Introductory materials are a complete listing of all available modules and a supplementary reference list. Each module contains some or all of these components: goal, performance indicators, study guide (a check…

Tools and Techniques for Simplifying the Analysis of Captured Packet Data

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cavaiani, Thomas P.

2008-01-01

Students acquire an understanding of the differences between TCP and UDP (connection-oriented vs. connection-less) data transfers as they analyze network packet data collected during one of a series of labs designed for an introductory network essentials course taught at Boise State University. The learning emphasis of the lab is not on the…

Low Voltage Alarm Apprenticeship. Related Training Modules. 2.1-5.3 Electricity/Electronics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lane Community Coll., Eugene, OR.

This packet of 29 learning modules on electricity/electronics is 1 of 8 such packets developed for apprenticeship training for low voltage alarm. Introductory materials are a complete listing of all available modules and a supplementary reference list. Each module contains some or all of these components: goal, performance indicators, study guide…

Tutor Training Packet. "Ready-Set-ABE" To Ease Students' Transition into ABE Level Studies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Molek, Carol

This training packet, consisting of a workshop guide, two instructional guides, and assorted pamphlets and brochures, is intended for use by volunteer tutors who are themselves learning how to work with adults enrolled in an adult literacy program. The following topics are covered in the training workshop guide: the objectives and workings of…

Low Voltage Alarm Apprenticeship. Related Training Modules. 1.1-1.14 Trade Math.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lane Community Coll., Eugene, OR.

This packet of 14 learning modules on trade math is 1 of 8 such packets developed for apprenticeship training for low voltage alarm. Introductory materials are a complete listing of all available modules and a supplementary reference list. Each module contains some or all of these components: goal, performance indicators, study guide (a check list…

In the Public Interest: Law, Government, and Media. Maryland Women's History Resource Packet--1986.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maryland State Commission for Women, Baltimore.

Designed to be used for National Women's History Week (March 2-8), this 1986 Maryland women's history resource packet centers around Maryland women who have made significant volunteer and career contributions in the areas of government, law, and the public interest media. The packet begins with suggested student activity lists and activity sheets…

Intelligent deflection routing in buffer-less networks.

PubMed

Haeri, Soroush; Trajković, Ljiljana

2015-02-01

Deflection routing is employed to ameliorate packet loss caused by contention in buffer-less architectures such as optical burst-switched networks. The main goal of deflection routing is to successfully deflect a packet based only on a limited knowledge that network nodes possess about their environment. In this paper, we present a framework that introduces intelligence to deflection routing (iDef). iDef decouples the design of the signaling infrastructure from the underlying learning algorithm. It consists of a signaling and a decision-making module. Signaling module implements a feedback management protocol while the decision-making module implements a reinforcement learning algorithm. We also propose several learning-based deflection routing protocols, implement them in iDef using the ns-3 network simulator, and compare their performance.

Survival Learning Materials.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilson, Robert M.; Barnes, Marcia M.

This booklet is designed to provide some starter ideas for teachers to use in developing their own packet of learning materials. The procedures suggested and the examples included are literally starters. "Introduction to Survival Learning Materials" presents some procedures to help teachers get started in developing materials. "Following…

Radiology/Imaging. Clinical Rotation. Instructor's Packet and Student Study Packet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Texas Univ., Austin. Extension Instruction and Materials Center.

The instructor's packet, the first of two packets, is one of a series of materials designed to help students who are investigating the activities within a radiology department or considering any of the imaging technologies as a career. The material is designed to relate training experience to information studied in the classroom. This packet…

Adult Learning Week Planning Packet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New York State Education Dept., Albany. Office of Adult Learning Services.

Each year one week is designated by the Governor of New York as Adult Learning Week because of the growing importance of adult education to society and the economy of New York State. The major purpose of Adult Learning Week is to promote greater public awareness of the availability and variety of learning opportunities for adults. In practical…

Assessing the Learning Organization. Symposium 10. [Concurrent Symposium Session at AHRD Annual Conference, 2000.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

2000

This packet contains three papers from a symposium on assessing the learning organization. The first paper, "Relationship between Learning Organization Strategies and Performance Driver Outcomes" (Elwood F. Holton III, Sandra M. Kaiser), reports on a study of a new learning organization assessment instrument that was administered to 440…

Basic Electricity/Electronics. Learning Guides.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eggett, A. J.

This packet consists of 22 student learning guides for high school vocational education students in Illinois. The guides contain tasks for a course in electricity/electronics. Each task guide identifies the task and its purpose and provides a learning contract for the student and teacher to sign. Information on the learning contract consists of a…

Self-Learning Power Control in Wireless Sensor Networks.

PubMed

Chincoli, Michele; Liotta, Antonio

2018-01-27

Current trends in interconnecting myriad smart objects to monetize on Internet of Things applications have led to high-density communications in wireless sensor networks. This aggravates the already over-congested unlicensed radio bands, calling for new mechanisms to improve spectrum management and energy efficiency, such as transmission power control. Existing protocols are based on simplistic heuristics that often approach interference problems (i.e., packet loss, delay and energy waste) by increasing power, leading to detrimental results. The scope of this work is to investigate how machine learning may be used to bring wireless nodes to the lowest possible transmission power level and, in turn, to respect the quality requirements of the overall network. Lowering transmission power has benefits in terms of both energy consumption and interference. We propose a protocol of transmission power control through a reinforcement learning process that we have set in a multi-agent system. The agents are independent learners using the same exploration strategy and reward structure, leading to an overall cooperative network. The simulation results show that the system converges to an equilibrium where each node transmits at the minimum power while respecting high packet reception ratio constraints. Consequently, the system benefits from low energy consumption and packet delay.

Self-Learning Power Control in Wireless Sensor Networks

PubMed Central

Liotta, Antonio

2018-01-01

Current trends in interconnecting myriad smart objects to monetize on Internet of Things applications have led to high-density communications in wireless sensor networks. This aggravates the already over-congested unlicensed radio bands, calling for new mechanisms to improve spectrum management and energy efficiency, such as transmission power control. Existing protocols are based on simplistic heuristics that often approach interference problems (i.e., packet loss, delay and energy waste) by increasing power, leading to detrimental results. The scope of this work is to investigate how machine learning may be used to bring wireless nodes to the lowest possible transmission power level and, in turn, to respect the quality requirements of the overall network. Lowering transmission power has benefits in terms of both energy consumption and interference. We propose a protocol of transmission power control through a reinforcement learning process that we have set in a multi-agent system. The agents are independent learners using the same exploration strategy and reward structure, leading to an overall cooperative network. The simulation results show that the system converges to an equilibrium where each node transmits at the minimum power while respecting high packet reception ratio constraints. Consequently, the system benefits from low energy consumption and packet delay. PMID:29382072

[IDEAS For Equitable Computer Learning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schubert, Jane G.; And Others

Designed to assist educators in improving computer learning opportunities for students, this packet of materials presents practical strategies that address 12 barriers to equitable instruction: (1) lack of encouragement for females and minority students to use computers; (2) potential value of computer learning more apparent to males than females;…

Design and implementation of a random neural network routing engine.

PubMed

Kocak, T; Seeber, J; Terzioglu, H

2003-01-01

Random neural network (RNN) is an analytically tractable spiked neural network model that has been implemented in software for a wide range of applications for over a decade. This paper presents the hardware implementation of the RNN model. Recently, cognitive packet networks (CPN) is proposed as an alternative packet network architecture where there is no routing table, instead the RNN based reinforcement learning is used to route packets. Particularly, we describe implementation details for the RNN based routing engine of a CPN network processor chip: the smart packet processor (SPP). The SPP is a dual port device that stores, modifies, and interprets the defining characteristics of multiple RNN models. In addition to hardware design improvements over the software implementation such as the dual access memory, output calculation step, and reduced output calculation module, this paper introduces a major modification to the reinforcement learning algorithm used in the original CPN specification such that the number of weight terms are reduced from 2n/sup 2/ to 2n. This not only yields significant memory savings, but it also simplifies the calculations for the steady state probabilities (neuron outputs in RNN). Simulations have been conducted to confirm the proper functionality for the isolated SPP design as well as for the multiple SPP's in a networked environment.

Automotive Mechanics. Student Learning Guides.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ridge Vocational-Technical Center, Winter Haven, FL.

These 33 learning guides are self-instructional packets for 33 tasks identified as essential for performance on an entry-level job in automotive mechanics. Each guide is based on a terminal performance objective (task) and 1-9 enabling objectives. For each enabliing objective, some or all of these materials may be presented: learning steps…

Mechanical Drafting. Student Learning Guides.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ridge Vocational-Technical Center, Winter Haven, FL.

These four learning guides are self-instructional packets for four tasks identified as essential for performance on an entry-level job in mechanical drafting. Each guide is based on a terminal performance objective (task) and 2-4 enabling objectives. For each enabling objective, some or all of these materials may be presented: learning steps…

Livestock. Student Learning Guides.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ridge Vocational-Technical Center, Winter Haven, FL.

These 25 learning guides are self-instructional packets for 25 tasks identified as essential for performance on an entry-level job in livestock production. Each guide is based on a terminal performance objective (task) and 1-4 enabling objectives. For each enabling objective, some or all of these materials may be presented: learning steps (outline…

Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Self-Test on Structured Classroom Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gilkey, Anthony Dean

1977-01-01

The study focused on the effect of the self-evaluation component of self-instructional packets in radiologic technology programs. It was found that the self-evaluation component clearly had a significant positive effect on learning, although the relative learning contribution of the component was not established. (MF)

Solid Waste Activity Packet for Teachers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Illinois Univ., Urbana. Cooperative Extension Service.

This solid waste activity packet introduces students to the solid waste problem in Illinois. Topics explore consumer practices in the market place, packaging, individual and community garbage generation, and disposal practices. The activities provide an integrated approach to incorporating solid waste management issues into subject areas. The…

Gems: Nutrition Education in Childbirth Classes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Easches, Janet G.; And Others

1983-01-01

Describes a nutrition education packet for natural childbirth (Lamaze) classes. The packet consists of four 15- to 20-minute lessons, each containing goal, objectives, questions (with answers), activities, and pamphlets. List of goals and sample activities are included. (JN)

Usability and User Satisfaction of Multimedia Instructional Message (MIM) for Packet Tracer Simulation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Elias, Mohd Syahrizad; Mohamad Ali, Ahmad Zamzuri

2016-01-01

Simulation-aided learning has capability in improving student's learning performance. However, the positive effect of simulation-aided learning still being discussed, which at times has not played the purported role expected. To address these problems, Multimedia Instructional Message (MIM) appeared to be an essential supporting tool in ensuring…

Parts Marketing. A Student Learning Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ridge Vocational-Technical Center, Winter Haven, FL.

This learning guide is a self-instructional packet for one task identified as essential for performance on an entry-level job in parts marketing. The guide is based on a terminal performance objective (task) and two enabling objectives. For each enabling objective, some or all of these materials may be presented: learning steps (outline of student…

Welding. Student Learning Guides.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ridge Vocational-Technical Center, Winter Haven, FL.

These 23 learning guides are self-instructional packets for 23 tasks identified as essential for performance on an entry-level job in welding. Each guide is based on a terminal performance objective (task) and 1-4 enabling objectives. For each enabling objective, some or all of these materials may be presented: learning steps (outline of student…

Plumbing and Pipefitting. Student Learning Guides.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ridge Vocational-Technical Center, Winter Haven, FL.

These 32 learning guides are self-instructional packets for 32 tasks identified as essential for performance on an entry-level job in plumbing and pipefitting. Each guide is based on a terminal performance objective (task) and 1-4 enabling objectives. For each enabling objective, some or all of these materials may be presented: learning steps…

Clothing Production. Student Learning Guides.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ridge Vocational-Technical Center, Winter Haven, FL.

These 59 learning guides are self-instructional packets for 59 tasks identified as essential for performance on an entry-level job in clothing production. Each guide is based on a terminal performance objective (task) and 2-5 enabling objectives. For each enabling objective, some or all of these materials may be presented: learning steps (outline…

Student Activity Packet for the California State Capitol Museum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

2001

This packet contains materials to help fourth and fifth grade teachers provide their students with background information for field trips to the California State Capitol Museum (Sacramento). The working museum focuses on the theme areas of California history, the state government/legislative process, and state symbols. The packet presents teacher…

Iowa's Clean Solid Waste Environmental Education Project (SWEEP).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eells, Jean Crim; And Others

The Iowa Clean SWEEP program is designed to provide educators, K-12, with a series of activities focusing upon critical concepts related to Iowa's solid waste problem. This activity packet contains 19 activities for grades K-6, and 25 activities for grades 7-12. Key concepts addressed throughout the activity packet include: (1) an overview, the…

Dance Theatre of Harlem--Theater Activity Packet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New York City Board of Education, Brooklyn, NY. Div. of Curriculum and Instruction.

Intended to complement the New York City communication arts curriculum, this packet introduces young students, guided by the classroom teacher, to a dress rehearsal performance of the Dance Theatre of Harlem ballet company. The packet is one of a series in the "Early Stages" program, a joint effort of the Mayor's Office of Film, Theater…

Aircraft Environmental Systems Mechanic. Part 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chanute AFB Technical Training Center, IL.

This packet contains learning modules designed for a self-paced course in aircraft environmental systems mechanics that was developed for the Air Force. Learning modules consist of some or all of the following materials: objectives, instructions, equipment, procedures, information sheets, handouts, workbooks, self-tests with answers, review…

Multi-function all optical packet switch by periodic wavelength arrangement in an arrayed waveguide grating and wideband optical filters.

PubMed

Feng, Kai-Ming; Wu, Chung-Yu; Wen, Yu-Hsiang

2012-01-16

By utilizing the cyclic filtering function of an NxN arrayed waveguide grating (AWG), we propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel multi-function all optical packet switching (OPS) architecture by applying a periodical wavelength arrangement between the AWG in the optical routing/buffering unit and a set of wideband optical filters in the switched output ports to achieve the desired routing and buffering functions. The proposed OPS employs only one tunable wavelength converter at the input port to convert the input wavelength to a designated wavelength which reduces the number of active optical components and thus the complexity of the traffic control is simplified in the OPS. With the proposed OPS architecture, multiple optical packet switching functions, including arbitrary packet switching and buffering, first-in-first-out (FIFO) packet multiplexing, packet demultiplexing and packet add/drop multiplexing, have been successfully demonstrated.

Aircraft Environmental Systems Mechanic. Part 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chanute AFB Technical Training Center, IL.

This packet contains learning modules for a self-paced course in aircraft environmental systems mechanics that was developed for the Air Force. Each learning module consists of some or all of the following: objectives, instructions, equipment, procedures, information sheets, handouts, self-tests with answers, review section, tests, and response…

SPACE: Intermediate Level Modules.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Indiana State Dept. of Education, Indianapolis. Center for School Improvement and Performance.

These modules were developed to assist teachers at the intermediate level to move away from extensive skill practice and toward more meaningful interdisciplinary learning. This packet, to be used by teachers in the summer Extended Learning Program, provides detailed thematic lesson plans matched to the Indiana Curriculum Proficiency Guide. The…

The architecture of a network level intrusion detection system

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Heady, R.; Luger, G.; Maccabe, A.

1990-08-15

This paper presents the preliminary architecture of a network level intrusion detection system. The proposed system will monitor base level information in network packets (source, destination, packet size, and time), learning the normal patterns and announcing anomalies as they occur. The goal of this research is to determine the applicability of current intrusion detection technology to the detection of network level intrusions. In particular, the authors are investigating the possibility of using this technology to detect and react to worm programs.

Back pressure based multicast scheduling for fair bandwidth allocation.

PubMed

Sarkar, Saswati; Tassiulas, Leandros

2005-09-01

We study the fair allocation of bandwidth in multicast networks with multirate capabilities. In multirate transmission, each source encodes its signal in layers. The lowest layer contains the most important information and all receivers of a session should receive it. If a receiver's data path has additional bandwidth, it receives higher layers which leads to a better quality of reception. The bandwidth allocation objective is to distribute the layers fairly. We present a computationally simple, decentralized scheduling policy that attains the maxmin fair rates without using any knowledge of traffic statistics and layer bandwidths. This policy learns the congestion level from the queue lengths at the nodes, and adapts the packet transmissions accordingly. When the network is congested, packets are dropped from the higher layers; therefore, the more important lower layers suffer negligible packet loss. We present analytical and simulation results that guarantee the maxmin fairness of the resulting rate allocation, and upper bound the packet loss rates for different layers.

Anti-Litter Curriculum Packet, Interdisciplinary, K-12.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tillis, Richard

This curriculum packet consists of 20 illustrated cards with 15 activities designed to create "positive feelings" about a clean environment. Activities range from picture coloring for younger students, to lessons such as the economic and health problems litter creates for older students. Objectives include encouraging anti-litter and…

Self-Directed and Incidental Learning. Symposium 26. [Concurrent Symposium Session at AHRD Annual Conference, 2000.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

2000

This packet contains three papers on self-directed and incidental learning from a symposium on human resource development (HRD). The first paper, "Self-Directed Learning for Supervisory Development" (Judy O'Neil, Maria Lamattina), reports on a study that looks at what research says needs to be in place to engage workers in self-directed learning…

Peninsula Humane Society Teacher's Packet. Secondary Level.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peninsula Humane Society, San Mateo, CA.

Activities in this teacher's packet are designed to familiarize secondary school students with the responsibilities involved in pet ownership. Teaching plans are provided for a total of 12 lessons grouped under social studies, language arts, math, and health sciences. Activities focus on pet overpopulation, expressions of social responses in…

The Nutcracker--Theater Activity Packet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New York City Board of Education, Brooklyn, NY. Div. of Curriculum and Instruction.

A part of the New York City Board of Education Early Stages educational program, this activity packet was developed to assist teachers in preparing students for viewing the American Ballet Theatre's production of "The Nutcracker." The guide begins with a section on preparing for the performance, and includes information on the Early…

Tweets from the forest: using Twitter to increase student engagement in an undergraduate field biology course

PubMed Central

Soluk, Lauren; Buddle, Christopher M.

2015-01-01

Twitter is a cold medium that allows users to deliver content-rich but small packets of information to other users, and provides an opportunity for active and collaborative communication. In an education setting, this social media tool has potential to increase active learning opportunities, and increase student engagement with course content. The effects of Twitter on learning dynamics was tested in a field biology course offered by a large Canadian University: 29 students agreed to take part in the Twitter project and quantitative and qualitative data were collected, including survey data from 18 students. Students published 200% more public Tweets than what was required, and interacted frequently with the instructor and teaching assistant, their peers, and users external to the course. Almost 80% of students stated that Twitter increased opportunities for among-group communication, and 94% of students felt this kind of collaborative communication was beneficial to their learning. Although students did not think they would use Twitter after the course was over, 77% of the students still felt it was a good learning tool, and 67% of students felt Twitter had a positive impact on how they engaged with course content. These results suggest social media tools such as Twitter can help achieve active and collaborative learning in higher education. PMID:26594328

Tweets from the forest: using Twitter to increase student engagement in an undergraduate field biology course.

PubMed

Soluk, Lauren; Buddle, Christopher M

2015-01-01

Twitter is a cold medium that allows users to deliver content-rich but small packets of information to other users, and provides an opportunity for active and collaborative communication. In an education setting, this social media tool has potential to increase active learning opportunities, and increase student engagement with course content. The effects of Twitter on learning dynamics was tested in a field biology course offered by a large Canadian University: 29 students agreed to take part in the Twitter project and quantitative and qualitative data were collected, including survey data from 18 students. Students published 200% more public Tweets than what was required, and interacted frequently with the instructor and teaching assistant, their peers, and users external to the course. Almost 80% of students stated that Twitter increased opportunities for among-group communication, and 94% of students felt this kind of collaborative communication was beneficial to their learning. Although students did not think they would use Twitter after the course was over, 77% of the students still felt it was a good learning tool, and 67% of students felt Twitter had a positive impact on how they engaged with course content. These results suggest social media tools such as Twitter can help achieve active and collaborative learning in higher education.

Alternative Energy Curriculum for Trade and Industry Exploratory. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

University of Central Arkansas, Conway.

This study was a descriptive curriculum research project covering the development of learning packets on alternative energy. The purpose of the project was to improve instruction in trades and industry exploratory programs by providing alternative energy materials. It was anticipated that the use of a prepared learning package would facilitate the…

Putting ECD into Practice: The Interplay of Theory and Data in Evidence Models within a Digital Learning Environment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rupp, Andre A.; Levy, Roy; Dicerbo, Kristen E.; Sweet, Shauna J.; Crawford, Aaron V.; Calico, Tiago; Benson, Martin; Fay, Derek; Kunze, Katie L.; Mislevy, Robert J.; Behrens, John T.

2012-01-01

In this paper we describe the development and refinement of "evidence rules" and "measurement models" within the "evidence model" of the "evidence-centered design" (ECD) framework in the context of the "Packet Tracer" digital learning environment of the "Cisco Networking Academy." Using…

"Sew" You're an Alterationist. Student Manual and Teacher Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kemp, Louie E., Comp.

The Home Economics Related Occupation Student Learning Packet on sewing instruction is designed to give an understanding of the duties and responsibilities of an alteration worker to learn the skills needed to perform the job of an alteration worker. Upon completion of this training, the student should have developed sewing instruction skills…

Differences in Information Mapping Strategies in Left and Right Brain Learners.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hauck, LaVerne S., Jr.

The Information Mapping technique was used to present a learning packet, and its usefulness in helping right-brain cerebrally dominant students to achieve the same level of subject mastery as their left-brain counterparts was examined. Reading level, grade point average, and gender were also analyzed. Torrance's "Your Style of Learning and…

Applying Mastery Learning in the Classroom.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alvir, Howard P.

This booklet is intended for nursing education teachers, and provides them with the product and process that was successfully used to develop education learning packets. The booklet contains six self-paced modules which aid the student in the assessment of the patient and which have been culled by one teacher from a larger bank of material…

Managing the Office Environment. Instructor's Guide. Student Activity Packet. Office Occupations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Diane E.

This training package, one in a series of instructional modules consisting of an instructor's guide and a student activity packet, deals with managing the office environment. Included in the instructor's guide are general directions for implementing the presentation; a detailed guide for teaching the lesson that includes performance objectives,…

Living on a Cotton Farm: Mexican American Life in Texas.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Black, Mary S.

This packet of six lesson plans highlights Mexican-American life on a Texas cotton farm in the early 20th century. Each lesson provides a lesson overview; states educational objectives; cites materials needed; details the procedure for classroom implementation; offers a closure activity; and suggests an extension activity. The packet is divided…

Business Telephone Etiquette. Office Occupations. Audiovisual Package. Instructor's Guide. Student Activity Packet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Diane E.

This instructor's guide and student activity packet (together with a slide/tape presentation not available here) comprise a module for the postsecondary office occupations education competency area of business telephone etiquette. Modules for other competency areas are available separately (see note). The purpose stated for the module is to help…

A prototype implementation of a network-level intrusion detection system. Technical report number CS91-11

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Heady, R.; Luger, G.F.; Maccabe, A.B.

1991-05-15

This paper presents the implementation of a prototype network level intrusion detection system. The prototype system monitors base level information in network packets (source, destination, packet size, time, and network protocol), learning the normal patterns and announcing anomalies as they occur. The goal of this research is to determine the applicability of current intrusion detection technology to the detection of network level intrusions. In particular, the authors are investigating the possibility of using this technology to detect and react to worm programs.

Fast WEP-Key Recovery Attack Using Only Encrypted IP Packets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Teramura, Ryoichi; Asakura, Yasuo; Ohigashi, Toshihiro; Kuwakado, Hidenori; Morii, Masakatu

Conventional efficient key recovery attacks against Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) require specific initialization vectors or specific packets. Since it takes much time to collect the packets sufficiently, any active attack should be performed. An Intrusion Detection System (IDS), however, will be able to prevent the attack. Since the attack logs are stored at the servers, it is possible to prevent such an attack. This paper proposes an algorithm for recovering a 104-bit WEP key from any IP packets in a realistic environment. This attack needs about 36, 500 packets with a success probability 0.5, and the complexity of our attack is equivalent to about 220 computations of the RC4 key setups. Since our attack is passive, it is difficult for both WEP users and administrators to detect our attack.

Africa: A Social Studies and Science Curriculum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holboke, Kathy; And Others

This packet was designed to help teachers maximize a visit to a zoo's Africa exhibit. The packet provides two levels of activities, grades 3-5, and grades 6-8, for use before, during and after the visit. Activities are designed to enhance skills taught in science, social studies, language arts, reading, art, and math. A multi-grade background…

SCDC Spanish Curricula Units. Fine Arts, Unit 4, Grade 2, Supplements & Ditto Packet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spanish Curricula Development Center, Miami Beach, FL.

The supplement and ditto packet to the unit four fine arts strand for second graders contains visual materials to aid the teacher in carrying out the instructional and assessment activities of this strand. Seatwork for individual students is featured along with materials intended for class participation activities. Illustrations, provided to help…

Testing the Waters. Duke Power State Park: An Environmental Education Learning Experience Designed for Grades 4-6.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rhinehart, William C.; Beazley, Lea J.

This learning packet, one in a group of eight, was developed by the Duke Power State Park in North Carolina for Grades 4-6 to learn to identify macroinvertebrates found in Lake Norman. Loose-leaf pages are presented in nine sections that contain: (1) introductions to the North Carolina State Park System, the Duke Power State Park, the park's…

Tracks the Sand. Jockey's Ridge State Park: An Environmental Education Learning Experience Designed for Grades 4-6.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crutchfield, Fran

This learning packet, one in a group of eight, was developed by the Jockey's Ridge State Park in North Carolina for Grades 4-6 to learn about animal adaptation and behavior in the dune environment. Loose-leaf pages are presented in 10 sections that contain: (1) introductions to the North Carolina State Park System, the Jockey Ridge State Park, the…

Your Official U.S. Constitution Sign-On Information and Documents.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Conference of Christians and Jews, New York, NY.

These learning materials are centered around the idea that each individual should "sign" the U.S. Constitution. A facsimile of the U.S. Constitution is included in each learning packet for students to sign. Section 1 contains five teaching modules on the constitutional process that can be used with any subject. The first two modules,…

Commercial Foods and Culinary Arts. Student Learning Guides.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ridge Vocational-Technical Center, Winter Haven, FL.

These 13 learning guides are self-instructional packets for 13 tasks identified as essential for performance on an entry-level job in commercial foods and culinary arts. Each guide is based on a terminal performance objective (task) and 1-4 enabling objectives. For each enabling objective, some or all of these materials may be presented: learning…

Monitoring and Indentification Packet in Wireless With Deep Packet Inspection Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fali Oklilas, Ahmad; Tasmi

2017-04-01

Layer 2 and Layer 3 are used to make a process of network monitoring, but with the development of applications on the network such as the p2p file sharing, VoIP, encrypted, and many applications that already use the same port, it would require a system that can classify network traffics, not only based on port number classification. This paper reports the implementation of the deep packet inspection method to analyse data packets based on the packet header and payload to be used in packet data classification. If each application can be grouped based on the application layer, then we can determine the pattern of internet users and also to perform network management of computer science department. In this study, a prototype wireless network and applications SSO were developed to detect the active user. The focus is on the ability of open DPI and nDPI in detecting the payload of an application and the results are elaborated in this paper.

Viva Nuestra Amistad IV: Spanish Activity Packet (Long Live our Friendship).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cobb, Hubert

This Spanish activity packet was designed to be used with the map study portion of each of twelve units in a second year course in Spanish. Each unit deals with a different Spanish-speaking country or place, such as Puerto Rico, Colombia, Venezuela, or Peru. Included here are worksheets, games, map outlines, crossword puzzles, skits, and cultural…

SCDC Spanish Curricula Units. Fine Arts Strand, Unit 9, Grade 3, Supplement & Ditto Packet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spanish Curricula Development Center, Miami Beach, FL.

The supplement and ditto packet to the fine arts strand of unit nine for third graders contains illustrations, ditto masters, and four songbooks to help the teacher carry out the fine arts activities of this unit. Materials for both group activities and seatwork are included. Kit 33 uses the songbook "Canciones de Aqui y de Alla" and…

Curriculum in aerospace science and technology in cooperation with NASA Langley Research Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Garner-Gilchrist, Cathine

1988-01-01

A curriculum was written to show teachers how to best use the many resources that are available at the Teacher Resource Center (TRC). This curriculum packet was written using teaching units that teachers in both the elementary and middle schools can use to help students better understand some of the research that has been conducted at NASA and will be conducted in the future. The units are written with certain standards. Each unit contains: (1) specific objectives, using the Virginia standards of learning; (2) the materials that are available from the TRC; (3) many activities that teachers can use in a variety of ways; and (4) specific strategies for measuring the objectives to determine if the students mastered the knowledge, concepts or skills that were taught. The curriculum packet contains specific units on several topics. They are: (1) Careers in Aerospece Science and Technology; (2) The History of Flight; (3) The History of Satellites; (4) The History of the Manned Space Projects and the Future of the Future of the Space Program; (5) The Solar System; and (6) The History of Rockets.

Detecting Anomalies in Process Control Networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rrushi, Julian; Kang, Kyoung-Don

This paper presents the estimation-inspection algorithm, a statistical algorithm for anomaly detection in process control networks. The algorithm determines if the payload of a network packet that is about to be processed by a control system is normal or abnormal based on the effect that the packet will have on a variable stored in control system memory. The estimation part of the algorithm uses logistic regression integrated with maximum likelihood estimation in an inductive machine learning process to estimate a series of statistical parameters; these parameters are used in conjunction with logistic regression formulas to form a probability mass function for each variable stored in control system memory. The inspection part of the algorithm uses the probability mass functions to estimate the normalcy probability of a specific value that a network packet writes to a variable. Experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm is very effective at detecting anomalies in process control networks.

Intrusion Detection System Using Deep Neural Network for In-Vehicle Network Security.

PubMed

Kang, Min-Joo; Kang, Je-Won

2016-01-01

A novel intrusion detection system (IDS) using a deep neural network (DNN) is proposed to enhance the security of in-vehicular network. The parameters building the DNN structure are trained with probability-based feature vectors that are extracted from the in-vehicular network packets. For a given packet, the DNN provides the probability of each class discriminating normal and attack packets, and, thus the sensor can identify any malicious attack to the vehicle. As compared to the traditional artificial neural network applied to the IDS, the proposed technique adopts recent advances in deep learning studies such as initializing the parameters through the unsupervised pre-training of deep belief networks (DBN), therefore improving the detection accuracy. It is demonstrated with experimental results that the proposed technique can provide a real-time response to the attack with a significantly improved detection ratio in controller area network (CAN) bus.

Intrusion Detection System Using Deep Neural Network for In-Vehicle Network Security

PubMed Central

Kang, Min-Joo

2016-01-01

A novel intrusion detection system (IDS) using a deep neural network (DNN) is proposed to enhance the security of in-vehicular network. The parameters building the DNN structure are trained with probability-based feature vectors that are extracted from the in-vehicular network packets. For a given packet, the DNN provides the probability of each class discriminating normal and attack packets, and, thus the sensor can identify any malicious attack to the vehicle. As compared to the traditional artificial neural network applied to the IDS, the proposed technique adopts recent advances in deep learning studies such as initializing the parameters through the unsupervised pre-training of deep belief networks (DBN), therefore improving the detection accuracy. It is demonstrated with experimental results that the proposed technique can provide a real-time response to the attack with a significantly improved detection ratio in controller area network (CAN) bus. PMID:27271802

A novel fair active queue management algorithm based on traffic delay jitter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Xue-Shun; Yu, Shao-Hua; Dai, Jin-You; Luo, Ting

2009-11-01

In order to guarantee the quantity of data traffic delivered in the network, congestion control strategy is adopted. According to the study of many active queue management (AQM) algorithms, this paper proposes a novel active queue management algorithm named JFED. JFED can stabilize queue length at a desirable level by adjusting output traffic rate and adopting a reasonable calculation of packet drop probability based on buffer queue length and traffic jitter; and it support burst packet traffic through the packet delay jitter, so that it can traffic flow medium data. JFED impose effective punishment upon non-responsible flow with a full stateless method. To verify the performance of JFED, it is implemented in NS2 and is compared with RED and CHOKe with respect to different performance metrics. Simulation results show that the proposed JFED algorithm outperforms RED and CHOKe in stabilizing instantaneous queue length and in fairness. It is also shown that JFED enables the link capacity to be fully utilized by stabilizing the queue length at a desirable level, while not incurring excessive packet loss ratio.

SpaceWire Protocol ID: What Does It Mean To You?

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rakow, Glenn; Schnurr, Richard; Gilley, Daniel; Parks, Steve

2006-01-01

Spacewire is becoming a popular solution for satellite high-speed data buses because it is a simple standard that provides great flexibility for a wide range of system requirements. It is simple in packet format and protocol, allowing users to easily tailor their implementation for their specific application. Some of the attractive aspects of Spacewire that make it easy to implement also make it hard for future reuse. Protocol reuse is difficult because Spacewire does not have a defined mechanism to communicate with the higher layers of the protocol stack. This has forced users of Spacewire to define unique packet formats and define how these packets are to be processed. Each mission writes their own Interface Control Document (ICD) and tailors Spacewire for their specific requirements making reuse difficult. Part of the reason for this habit may be because engineers typically optimize designs for their own requirements in the absence of a standard. This is an inefficient use of project resources and costs more to develop missions. A new packet format for Spacewire has been defined as a solution for this problem. This new packet format is a compliment to the Spacewire standard that will support protocol development upon Spacewire. The new packet definition does not replace the current packet structure, i.e., does not make the standard obsolete, but merely extends the standard for those who want to develop protocols over Spacewire. The Spacewire packet is defined with the first part being the Destination Address, which may be one or more bytes. This is followed by the packet cargo, which is user defined. The cargo is truncated with an End-Of-Packet (EOP) marker. This packet structure offers low packet overhead and allows the user to define how the contents are to be formatted. It also provides for many different addressing schemes, which provide flexibility in the system. This packet flexibility is typically an attractive part of the Spacewire. The new extended packet format adds one new field to the packet that greatly enhances the capability of Spacewire. This new field called the Protocol Identifier (ID) is used to identify the packet contents and the associated processing for the packet. This feature along with the restriction in the packet format that uses the Protocol ID, allows a deterministic method of decoding packets that was not before possible. The first part of the packet is still the Destination Address, which still conforms to the original standard but with one restriction. The restriction is that the first byte seen at the destination by the user needs to be a logical address, independent of the addressing scheme used. The second field is defined as the Protocol ID, which is usually one byte in length. The packet cargo (user defined) follows the Protocol ID. After the packet cargo is the EOP, which defines the end of packet. The value of the Protocol ID is assigned by the Spacewire working group and the protocol description published for others to use. The development of Protocols for Spacewire is currently the area of greatest activity by the Spacewire working group. The first protocol definition by the working group has been completed and is now in the process of formal standardization. There are many other protocols in development for missions that have not yet received formal Protocol ID assignment, but even if the protocols are not formally assigned a value, this effort will provide synergism for future developments.

Wireless Avionics Packet to Support Fault Tolerance for Flight Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Block, Gary L.; Whitaker, William D.; Dillon, James W.; Lux, James P.; Ahmad, Mohammad

2009-01-01

In this protocol and packet format, data traffic is monitored by all network interfaces to determine the health of transmitter and subsystems. When failures are detected, the network inter face applies its recover y policies to provide continued service despite the presence of faults. The protocol, packet format, and inter face are independent of the data link technology used. The current demonstration system supports both commercial off-the-shelf wireless connections and wired Ethernet connections. Other technologies such as 1553 or serial data links can be used for the network backbone. The Wireless Avionics packet is divided into three parts: a header, a data payload, and a checksum. The header has the following components: magic number, version, quality of service, time to live, sending transceiver, function code, payload length, source Application Data Interface (ADI) address, destination ADI address, sending node address, target node address, and a sequence number. The magic number is used to identify WAV packets, and allows the packet format to be updated in the future. The quality of service field allows routing decisions to be made based on this value and can be used to route critical management data over a dedicated channel. The time to live value is used to discard misrouted packets while the source transceiver is updated at each hop. This information is used to monitor the health of each transceiver in the network. To identify the packet type, the function code is used. Besides having a regular data packet, the system supports diagnostic packets for fault detection and isolation. The payload length specifies the number of data bytes in the payload, and this supports variable-length packets in the network. The source ADI is the address of the originating interface. This can be used by the destination application to identify the originating source of the packet where the address consists of a subnet, subsystem class within the subnet, a subsystem unit, and the local ADI number. The destination ADI is used to route the packet to its ultimate destination. At each hop, the sending interface uses the destination address to determine the next node for the data. The sending node is the node address of the interface that is broadcasting the packet. This field is used to determine the health of the subsystem that is sending the packet. In the case of a packet that traverses several intermediate nodes, it may be the node address of the intermediate node. The target node is the node address of the next hop for the packet. It may be an intermediate node, or the final destination for the packet. The sequence number is used to identify duplicate packets. Because each interface has multiple transceivers, the same packet will appear at both receivers. The sequence number allows the interface to correlate the reception and forward a single, unique packet for additional processing. The subnet field allows data traffic to be partitioned into segregated local networks to support large networks while keeping each subnet at a manageable size. This also keeps the routing table small enough so routing can be done by a simple table lookup in an FPGA device. The subsystem class identifies members of a set of redundant subsystems, and, in a hot standby configuration, all members of the subsystem class will receive the data packets. Only the active subsystem will generate data traffic. Specific units in a class of redundant units can be identified and, if the hot standby configuration is not used, packets will be directed to a specific subsystem unit.

Fast multi-scale feature fusion for ECG heartbeat classification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ai, Danni; Yang, Jian; Wang, Zeyu; Fan, Jingfan; Ai, Changbin; Wang, Yongtian

2015-12-01

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is conducted to monitor the electrical activity of the heart by presenting small amplitude and duration signals; as a result, hidden information present in ECG data is difficult to determine. However, this concealed information can be used to detect abnormalities. In our study, a fast feature-fusion method of ECG heartbeat classification based on multi-linear subspace learning is proposed. The method consists of four stages. First, baseline and high frequencies are removed to segment heartbeat. Second, as an extension of wavelets, wavelet-packet decomposition is conducted to extract features. With wavelet-packet decomposition, good time and frequency resolutions can be provided simultaneously. Third, decomposed confidences are arranged as a two-way tensor, in which feature fusion is directly implemented with generalized N dimensional ICA (GND-ICA). In this method, co-relationship among different data information is considered, and disadvantages of dimensionality are prevented; this method can also be used to reduce computing compared with linear subspace-learning methods (PCA). Finally, support vector machine (SVM) is considered as a classifier in heartbeat classification. In this study, ECG records are obtained from the MIT-BIT arrhythmia database. Four main heartbeat classes are used to examine the proposed algorithm. Based on the results of five measurements, sensitivity, positive predictivity, accuracy, average accuracy, and t-test, our conclusion is that a GND-ICA-based strategy can be used to provide enhanced ECG heartbeat classification. Furthermore, large redundant features are eliminated, and classification time is reduced.

Training Volunteers and Aides: An Inservice Teaching Packet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McBride, Deborah

This inservice packet is designed to guide teachers in training paraprofessionals to function in the school community. Complete lesson plans are included for six lessons of approximately 45 minutes to an hour. Specific measurable objectives are cited, and participant activities include: (1) discussing the value and use of paraprofessional…

Resources and Guidelines for Teaching about the Holocaust [and Related Brochures and Poster.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boas, Jacob

This resource packet presents a variety of ideas, lesson plans and activities to teach about the Holocaust. Lesson plans in this packet include: (1) "Human Behavior"; (2) "The Teachings of Contempt--Entry Points for Examining the Holocaust: Prejudice, Bigotry, Racism, Stereotypes, Scapegoating"; (3) "The Holocaust";…

Solar Energy Education Packet for Elementary & Secondary Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Center for Renewable Resources, Washington, DC.

The arrangement of this packet is essentially evolutionary, with a conscious effort to alternate reading assignments, activities and experiments. It begins with solar energy facts and terminology as background to introduce the reader to basic concepts. It progresses into a discussion of passive solar systems. This is followed by several projects…

Method and apparatus for routing data in an inter-nodal communications lattice of a massively parallel computer system by semi-randomly varying routing policies for different packets

DOEpatents

Archer, Charles Jens; Musselman, Roy Glenn; Peters, Amanda; Pinnow, Kurt Walter; Swartz, Brent Allen; Wallenfelt, Brian Paul

2010-11-23

A massively parallel computer system contains an inter-nodal communications network of node-to-node links. Nodes vary a choice of routing policy for routing data in the network in a semi-random manner, so that similarly situated packets are not always routed along the same path. Semi-random variation of the routing policy tends to avoid certain local hot spots of network activity, which might otherwise arise using more consistent routing determinations. Preferably, the originating node chooses a routing policy for a packet, and all intermediate nodes in the path route the packet according to that policy. Policies may be rotated on a round-robin basis, selected by generating a random number, or otherwise varied.

Knowledge into learning: comparing lecture, e-learning and self-study take-home packet instructional methodologies with nurses.

PubMed

Soper, Tracey

2017-04-01

The aim of this quantitative experimental study was to examine which of three instructional methodologies of traditional lecture, online electronic learning (e-learning) and self-study take-home packets are effective in knowledge acquisition of professional registered nurses. A true experimental design was conducted to contrast the knowledge acquisition of 87 registered nurses randomly selected. A 40-item Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) true/false test was used to measure knowledge acquisition. Based on 0.05 significance level, the ANOVA test revealed that there was no difference in knowledge acquisition by registered nurses based on which of three learning instructional method they were assigned. It can be concluded that while all of these instructional methods were equally effective in knowledge acquisition, these methods may not be equally cost- and time-effective. The study was able to determine that there were no significant differences in knowledge acquisition of nurses between the three instructional methodologies. The study also found that all groups scored at the acceptable level for certification. It can be concluded that all of these instructional methods were equally effective in knowledge acquisition but are not equally cost- and time-effective. Therefore, hospital educators may wish to formulate policies regarding choice of instructional method that take into account the efficient use of nurses' time and institutional resources.

Glider Observations of Internal Tide Packets on the Australian Northwest Shelf

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Book, J. W.; Steinberg, C. R.; Brinkman, R. M.; Jones, N. L.; Lowe, R.; Ivey, G. N.; Pattiaratchi, C. B.; Rice, A. E.

2016-02-01

The rapid profiling capabilities (less than 10 minutes per profile in 100 m of water excluding surfacing times) of autonomous gliders were utilized to study the structure of non-linear internal tide packets on the Australian Northwest Shelf. A total of five gliders were deployed on the shelf from 11 February - 21 April 2012 with more than 2900 glider CTD profiles collected during the final three weeks of this time period when the internal tide activity was intense. In general the internal tide packets showed high degrees of non-linearity, for example in one case a glider observed a 62 m rise of the 28° isotherm over 2.25 hours in a shelf location of 90 meters water depth. In addition to the glider measurements, moored strings of CTD sensors were used to measure the internal tide packets at fixed positions and the results show that the wave packets vary significantly with respect to their structure and arrival times from one tidal period to the next. This fact complicates interpretation of the glider data as wave packet spatial evolution is non-stationary and cannot be simply recovered from repeat glider visits to the same location. Furthermore, the packets were found to move at speeds near or greater (e.g., 0.55 m/s) than the speed that the gliders were moving. Despite these challenges, the gliders offer the only resource that can measure the spatial structure of the wave packets beyond the scope of our limited mooring positions. Therefore, we have implemented methods such as time-augmented empirical orthogonal functions to combine these glider measurements with the fixed mooring measurements in order to better understand the spatial and temporal patterns of the wave packet evolution over the slope and shelf of this region.

Path integration of head direction: updating a packet of neural activity at the correct speed using neuronal time constants.

PubMed

Walters, D M; Stringer, S M

2010-07-01

A key question in understanding the neural basis of path integration is how individual, spatially responsive, neurons may self-organize into networks that can, through learning, integrate velocity signals to update a continuous representation of location within an environment. It is of vital importance that this internal representation of position is updated at the correct speed, and in real time, to accurately reflect the motion of the animal. In this article, we present a biologically plausible model of velocity path integration of head direction that can solve this problem using neuronal time constants to effect natural time delays, over which associations can be learned through associative Hebbian learning rules. The model comprises a linked continuous attractor network and competitive network. In simulation, we show that the same model is able to learn two different speeds of rotation when implemented with two different values for the time constant, and without the need to alter any other model parameters. The proposed model could be extended to path integration of place in the environment, and path integration of spatial view.

Old as the Hills. Morrow Mountain State Park: An Environmental Education Learning Experience Designed for Grades 5-7.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

North Carolina State Dept. of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Raleigh. Div. of Parks and Recreation.

This learning packet, one in a group of eight, was developed by the Morrow Mountain State Park in North Carolina for Grades 5-7 to teach about the identification and formation of rocks. Loose-leaf pages are presented in 10 sections that contain: (1) introductions to the North Carolina State Park System, the Morrow Mountain State Park, and to the…

Twin Peaks Monadnocks. Crowders Mountain State Park: An Environmental Education Learning Experience Designed for Grades 5-7.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sarver, Deidri

This learning packet, one in a group of eight, was developed by the Crowders Mountain State Park in North Carolina for Grades 5-7 to introduce students to the geology of the Kings Mountain range in the park. Loose-leaf pages are presented in nine sections that contain: (1) introductions to the North Carolina State Park System, the Crowders…

Passive and Active Analysis in DSR-Based Ad Hoc Networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dempsey, Tae; Sahin, Gokhan; Morton, Y. T. (Jade)

Security and vulnerabilities in wireless ad hoc networks have been considered at different layers, and many attack strategies have been proposed, including denial of service (DoS) through the intelligent jamming of the most critical packet types of flows in a network. This paper investigates the effectiveness of intelligent jamming in wireless ad hoc networks using the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and TCP protocols and introduces an intelligent classifier to facilitate the jamming of such networks. Assuming encrypted packet headers and contents, our classifier is based solely on the observable characteristics of size, inter-arrival timing, and direction and classifies packets with up to 99.4% accuracy in our experiments. Furthermore, we investigate active analysis, which is the combination of a classifier and intelligent jammer to invoke specific responses from a victim network.

Demonstration Aids for Aviation Education. [Volume II].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, Debbie; Hickson, Carol

This series consists of four packets containing simple, concrete activities for students in the upper elementary grades. The purpose of the series is to illustrate certain principles related to various concepts of aviation and space. Each packet forms a coherent program of instruction on a single topic: (1) non-powered flight; (2) aerospace and…

The Maple Products: An Outdoor Education Unit.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yaple, Charles; And Others

Designed to take advantage of the spring season, this resource packet on maple products centers upon a field lesson in harvesting and making maple syrup. The resources in this packet include: a narrative on the origins of maple sugar; an illustrated description of "old time maple sugarin'"; suggestions for pre-trip activities (history of…

Solar Energy Education Packet for Elementary & Secondary Students. Revised Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Center for Renewable Resources, Washington, DC.

The arrangement of this packet is essentially evolutionary, with a conscious effort to alternate reading assignments, activities and experiments. It begins with solar energy facts and terminology as background to introduce the reader to basic concepts. It progresses into a discussion of passive solar systems. This is followed by several projects…

Is surgical decontamination definitive treatment of "body-packers"?

PubMed

Olmedo, R; Nelson, L; Chu, J; Hoffman, R S

2001-11-01

The current recommendations for body-packers are based on packet content, the presence of drug toxicity, or of bowel obstruction. Asymptomatic patients are usually treated with activated charcoal and whole bowel irrigation (WBI). Surgical removal of packets is advocated in symptomatic cocaine body-packers and in those with bowel obstruction. Currently, surgery is regarded as definitive. However, we report 2 body-packers who show the limitations of this technique. These cases show the importance of confirming the absence of drug packets in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract as the definitive end-point in the treatment of body-packers.

Earth Works Central. [Educational Packet].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kids for Saving Earth Worldwide, Minneapolis, MN.

Earth Works Central is an educational curriculum tool designed to provide environmental education support for the classroom. It features environmental materials for science, geography, history, art, music, dramatics, and physical education. It includes information on creating an environmental center where kids can learn and become empowered to…

Application of sound and temperature to control boundary-layer transition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Maestrello, Lucio; Parikh, Paresh; Bayliss, A.; Huang, L. S.; Bryant, T. D.

1987-01-01

The growth and decay of a wave packet convecting in a boundary layer over a concave-convex surface and its active control by localized surface heating are studied numerically using direct computations of the Navier-Stokes equations. The resulting sound radiations are computed using linearized Euler equations with the pressure from the Navier-Stokes solution as a time-dependent boundary condition. It is shown that on the concave portion the amplitude of the wave packet increases and its bandwidth broadens while on the convex portion some of the components in the packet are stabilized. The pressure field decays exponentially away from the surface and then algebraically, exhibiting a decay characteristic of acoustic waves in two dimensions. The far-field acoustic behavior exhibits a super-directivity type of behavior with a beaming downstream. Active control by surface heating is shown to reduce the growth of the wave packet but have little effect on acoustic far field behavior for the cases considered. Active control by sound emanating from the surface of an airfoil in the vicinity of the leading edge is experimentally investigated. The purpose is to control the separated region at high angles of attack. The results show that injection of sound at shedding frequency of the flow is effective in an increase of lift and reduction of drag.

Plant Galls and Ecological Concepts: A Multidisciplinary Outdoor Education Teaching Resource Packet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Matthews, Bruce; And Others

Designed for adaptation in primary through high school classes, the lessons in this resource packet use the development of plant galls (plant growths caused by irritation of the plant tissue) as a focus for outdoor education studies and activities. Emphasis is on science and ecology, though other disciplines are represented. Illustrations and…

Supplementing Art Curriculum. I, Glass. II. Local Evaluation Report, Fiscal Year 1973.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kohtz, Karen

A local evaluation report and an information packet describing activities developed under this mini-grant deal with a supplemental art curriculum on glass work. Over a four month period, a glass workshop was planned to emphasize the creative possibilities of glass and information packets were developed to train teachers to conduct classroom art…

Intermediate SCDC Spanish Curricula Units. Social Science, Unit 1, Kits 1-4, Supplement & Ditto Packet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spanish Curricula Development Center, Miami Beach, FL.

Designed for use with the teacher's guide to the intermediate social science unit, the supplement and ditto packet provides visual aids and worksheets for class activities and seatwork for individual students. Visual materials are provided to help stimulate oral language and conceptual development. The worksheets are to be presented under…

Coordinating and Performing Activities for Employer. Preparing Expense Reports. Student Manual and Teacher's Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, Maleeta M.

Supporting performance objective 13 of the V-TECS (Vocational-Technical Education Consortium of States) Secretarial Catalog, both a set of student materials and an instructor's manual on preparing employer's business expense statements are included in this packet. (The packet is the fourth in a set of four on coordinating and performing activities…

The Challenge--To Meet The Needs of the Rapidly Expanding Horticulture Field

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bird, Russell C.

1977-01-01

A horticulture instructor outlines various methods of getting information from the horticulture industry for use in planning instructional programs to fill industry needs. He suggests that student learning packets to implement the program could be developed with the assistance of industry. (MF)

Fieldcrest Cannon Workplace Literacy Modules for Supervisors. Alabama Partnership for Training.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alabama State Dept. of Education, Montgomery.

This packet contains eight learning modules developed for use in Fieldcrest Cannon workplace literacy classes for supervisors. The modules cover the following topics: (1) coaching/communication; (2) coaching/communication and motivation; (3) communication skills; (4) training/coaching; (5) time management; (6) policy and procedures; (7) safety;…

Biology=Sinh Vat.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hung, Nguyen Manh, Ed.

This volume contains 32 biology self-study learning packets designed primarily for Indochinese students in grades 9 to 12. The materials could be used by "English as a Second Language" teachers who may/may not speak one of the Indochinese languages, or by mainstream teachers who have a number of low-English-proficiency Indochinese students in…

Classroom Staff Training (Self-Study Packet). LEAP Outreach Project.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Colorado Univ., Denver. Center for Collaborative Educational Leadership.

This self-study training manual for teachers of young children with autism contains nine modules on behavior modification techniques. The modules address: (1) the ABC's of behavior, which discusses discriminating among words that describe feelings and words that describe behaviors, identification of examples of learned behavior, and defining and…

Ethnic Heritage: Supplemental Readings.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Powell, Roberta

These supplemental readings are part of a total packet of learning materials on the heritage of Southern agrarians. The readings are prefaced by a story of Southern life told in pictures. The primary source readings cover the following topics: (1) Farmers Unions, (2) Farm Tenancy, (3) Recovery Programs of the Roosevelt Administration, (4) Cotton…

Competency Based Curriculum for Prevocational Exploration Hospitality.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marshall Univ., Huntington, WV. Dept. of Occupational, Adult, and Safety Education.

This competency-based curriculum consists of 15 teacher-developed learning packets that have been developed for use by teachers and students during the exploration of various hospitality occupations. Intended to introduce students to a multitude of occupations and to allow time for hands-on experiences in different occupational families, the…

Spanish Language Briefs for Parents, 1995.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

ERIC Clearinghouse on Rural Education and Small Schools, Charleston, WV.

This packet contains six briefs developed specifically for Spanish-speaking parents of Mexican origin, and English translations of the briefs. In plain language, these briefs state what researchers and practitioners have learned about various ways parents can help their children do well in school. Titles of the briefs are (1) "Apoyando el…

Health Occupations: Clinical Rotations and Learning Packets.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perrine, Patricia

A one-year introductory course covering twelve different health occupations is presented in this curriculum guide designed for use at the secondary education level. Following a list of course objectives and suggested time allotments for each unit, the health occupations course outline is provided. Unit titles are the following: orientation and…

Lozier Corporation Workplace Literacy Modules. Alabama Partnership for Training.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alabama State Dept. of Education, Montgomery.

This packet contains 10 learning modules developed for new employees at the Lozier Corporation, as well as a facilitator's manual for teaching the modules. The modules cover the following topics: (1) introduction; (2) Lozier history; (3) personal protective equipment, heat stress and back injuries, and evacuation and housekeeping; (4) bloodborne…

Oleanna Math Program Smorgasbord (I).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coole, Walter A.

This packet is a compilation of short units and quick review assignments used in the Oleanna Math Program at Skagit Valley College (Washington). This math program is taught in an auto-tutorial learning laboratory situation with programmed materials. Each unit of study is contained on a 5" by 8" card, which describes performance…

Food Stamps. Learning Packet No. 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Bar Association, Washington, DC. Clearinghouse for Offender Literacy Programs.

This package of instructional materials is designed to aid adults in prison to perform the functional skill of applying for food stamps. The materials consist of instructions for teachers, a sample application for food stamps, a student's work sheet and answer sheet, vocabulary flash cards, and resource materials on food stamps. (MKM)

SCDC Spanish Curricula Units. Science/Math Strand, Unit 6, Grade 2, Supplement & Ditto Packet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spanish Curricula Development Center, Miami Beach, FL.

The supplement and ditto packet to the science-math strand of unit six for second graders features visual materials to help the teacher carry out the instructional and assessment activities for the unit's four kits. Illustrations are provided to help stimulate oral language and conceptual development. Some are designed to be cut out for…

SCDC Spanish Curricula Units. Social Science Strand, Unit 6, Grade 2, Supplement & Ditto Packet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spanish Curricula Development Center, Miami Beach, FL.

The supplement and ditto packet to the social science strand of unit six for second graders contains materials for both group activities and seatwork for individual students. Based on the theme of the neighborhood as a community, the visual materials can be used to help stimulate oral language and conceptual development. Pictures of businesses,…

Intermediate SCDC Spanish Curricula Units. Science/Health, Unit 1, Kits 1-4, Supplement & Ditto Packet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spanish Curricula Development Center, Miami Beach, FL.

Visual aids and ditto masters for the first unit of a science/health curriculum for the intermediate level are included in this supplement and ditto packet. The visual aids are designed to help stimulate oral language and conceptual development through group activities and individual seatwork. Intended to help the teacher successfully carry out…

pathChirp: Efficient Available Bandwidth Estimation for Network Paths

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cottrell, Les

2003-04-30

This paper presents pathChirp, a new active probing tool for estimating the available bandwidth on a communication network path. Based on the concept of ''self-induced congestion,'' pathChirp features an exponential flight pattern of probes we call a chirp. Packet chips offer several significant advantages over current probing schemes based on packet pairs or packet trains. By rapidly increasing the probing rate within each chirp, pathChirp obtains a rich set of information from which to dynamically estimate the available bandwidth. Since it uses only packet interarrival times for estimation, pathChirp does not require synchronous nor highly stable clocks at the sendermore » and receiver. We test pathChirp with simulations and Internet experiments and find that it provides good estimates of the available bandwidth while using only a fraction of the number of probe bytes that current state-of-the-art techniques use.« less

Back Pack: Parent and Child Kits. Actividades para la Familia: Octubre. The Best of BES--Basic Educational Skills Materials.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Southwest Educational Development Lab., Austin, TX.

One of a series of documents produced by a nationwide network of early childhood education specialists, teachers, parents, and Head Start staff, the document presents a packet of over 52 home activities in both Spanish and English. Designed for teachers and parents of kindergarteners, the packet was intended to help teachers facilitate the…

Research in Network Management Techniques for Tactical Data Communications Networks.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-09-01

COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS US A.RMY (CECOM) V September 1980 to August 1982 Principal Investigatoi Robert Boorstyn Aaron Kershenbaum DTIC Basil Niaglaris Philip...COMMUNICATIONS US ARMY (CECOM) September 1980 to August 1982 Principal Investigators: Robert Boorstyn Aaron Kershenbaum Basil Maglaris Philip Sarachik...TABLE OF CONTENTS Summary of Report Personnel Activities Research Reports / , A. Packet Radio Networks A.1 Throughput Analysis of Multihop Packet

SCDC Spanish Curricula Units. Spanish SL Strand, Unit 6, Grade 2, Supplement & Ditto Packet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spanish Curricula Development Center, Miami Beach, FL.

The supplement and ditto packet to the Spanish as a Second Language strand of unit six for second graders contains activities for both seatwork and group participation. Unit six is oriented toward the basic theme of the neighborhood as a community; Kits 21-24 reflect the spiraling questions of what the elements are, how wants and needs are…

Organizational Change. Symposium 11. [Concurrent Symposium Session at AHRD Annual Conference, 2000.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

2000

This packet contains three papers from a symposium on organizational change. The first paper, "Kaizen Blitz: Rapid Learning to Facilitate Immediate Organizational Improvements" (Robert B. Gudgel, Fred C. Feitler), describes rapid and dramatic improvement in the organizational performance of a manufacturing firm after use of a series of…

Learning to Use an Online Circulation System. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marchionini, Gary; And Others

A study conducted at the University of Maryland, College Park campus compared the effectiveness of three instructional media for presenting introductory training in the use of an online circulation system. Modules based on a common set of instructional objectives and examples were developed and delivered using three formats: a print packet, a…

Imaging, Imagining Knowledge in Higher Education Curricula: New Visions and Troubled Thresholds

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parker, Jan

2013-01-01

It is urgent that we re-examine models of knowledge and knowledge-making within the university, at this time of open learning and deregulated multi-million dollar and euro open science hubs and portals. For otherwise, we are bound into "crude" instrumentalism, "delivering" "knowledge packets" rather than seeing our…

Life, Living, and Learning in the Teen Years.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wisconsin State Dept. of Public Instruction, Madison.

This packet contains articles by and for teenagers and articles and tips sheets for educators and parents. Included are: (1) "What Teens Need from Teachers, Parents, and Other Adults" (Stephen Small); (2) "Visually Impaired, Deaf Teens Share Views"; (3) "Teens Benefit from Community Service" (Kelli Krueger); (4) "My Experience in Foster Care;" (5)…

The Physician Impact Project. New Ideas in the Behavioral Science Training of Physicians.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dombroff, Gary; Wopat, Jane Trabich

Before presenting a model for physician training, this article reports development of a portable training packet for physicians in the application of social learning theory principles to the treatment of handicapped children and their families. A brief review of the recent literature underscores the need for physician training in behavioral…

4-H Textile Science Textile Arts Projects.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scholl, Jan

This packet contains three 4-H textile arts projects for students in the textile sciences area. The projects cover weaving, knitting, and crocheting. Each project provides an overview of what the student will learn, what materials are needed, and suggested projects for the area. Projects can be adapted for beginning, intermediate, or advanced…

World War II Spy Kit: "The Great Nazi Intelligence Coup."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haight, David

This instructional packet is designed to introduce students to primary source material by having them participate in an historical "what might have been." Students engage in critical thinking and document analysis, and through the process learn about Operation OVERLORD and World War II in general. This spy kit centers on Operation…

Brief Articles for Latino Parents, 1999 Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

ERIC Clearinghouse on Rural Education and Small Schools, Charleston, WV.

This packet contains six briefs developed specifically for Spanish-speaking Latino parents, and English translations of the briefs. These briefs state what researchers and practitioners have learned about various ways parents can help their children do well in school. Earlier editions of brief articles for parents have been used in various ways by…

Aviation Career Awareness Program [and Related Materials].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Petrie, Edwin T.

The learning packet focuses on general aviation and is to be used in career awareness programs at the elementary level. It includes a document which presents a group of units on general aviation and its related careers. The units include the following: (1) aircraft manufacturing, (2) instruments and controls, (3) how airplanes fly, (4) flight…

Tocqueville in the Classroom: Exploring Democracy in America.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Frantzich, Stephen, Ed.; Splaine, John

This learning packet is divided into two parts with eleven chapters. Part 1 provides background information retracing Alexis de Tocqueville's 1831-32 tour of North America which led to the publication of "Democracy in America." Part 2 contains a short description of the seven primary themes emphasized by de Tocqueville with issues more…

Fieldcrest Cannon Workplace Literacy Modules for Yardage Binder Operators. Alabama Partnership for Training.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alabama State Dept. of Education, Montgomery.

This packet contains eight learning modules developed for use in Fieldcrest Cannon workplace literacy classes for yardage binder operators. The modules cover the following topics: (1) communications 1 and 2; (2) safety; (3) fractions; (4) statistical process control; (5) measurement; (6) calculator; (7) benefits; and (8) computer. Modules consist…

Violence Prevention. A Center Quick Training Aid.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

California Univ., Los Angeles. Center for Mental Health in Schools.

Safe schools, violence prevention, and conflict resolution are all major concerns in addressing barriers to learning. This quick training aid presents a brief set of resources to guide those providing an in-service training session on violence prevention in schools. The packet contains a brief introduction to the topic with key talking points,…

Application of graph-based semi-supervised learning for development of cyber COP and network intrusion detection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Levchuk, Georgiy; Colonna-Romano, John; Eslami, Mohammed

2017-05-01

The United States increasingly relies on cyber-physical systems to conduct military and commercial operations. Attacks on these systems have increased dramatically around the globe. The attackers constantly change their methods, making state-of-the-art commercial and military intrusion detection systems ineffective. In this paper, we present a model to identify functional behavior of network devices from netflow traces. Our model includes two innovations. First, we define novel features for a host IP using detection of application graph patterns in IP's host graph constructed from 5-min aggregated packet flows. Second, we present the first application, to the best of our knowledge, of Graph Semi-Supervised Learning (GSSL) to the space of IP behavior classification. Using a cyber-attack dataset collected from NetFlow packet traces, we show that GSSL trained with only 20% of the data achieves higher attack detection rates than Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Naïve Bayes (NB) classifiers trained with 80% of data points. We also show how to improve detection quality by filtering out web browsing data, and conclude with discussion of future research directions.

Classification of pulmonary pathology from breath sounds using the wavelet packet transform and an extreme learning machine.

PubMed

Palaniappan, Rajkumar; Sundaraj, Kenneth; Sundaraj, Sebastian; Huliraj, N; Revadi, S S

2017-06-08

Auscultation is a medical procedure used for the initial diagnosis and assessment of lung and heart diseases. From this perspective, we propose assessing the performance of the extreme learning machine (ELM) classifiers for the diagnosis of pulmonary pathology using breath sounds. Energy and entropy features were extracted from the breath sound using the wavelet packet transform. The statistical significance of the extracted features was evaluated by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The extracted features were inputted into the ELM classifier. The maximum classification accuracies obtained for the conventional validation (CV) of the energy and entropy features were 97.36% and 98.37%, respectively, whereas the accuracies obtained for the cross validation (CRV) of the energy and entropy features were 96.80% and 97.91%, respectively. In addition, maximum classification accuracies of 98.25% and 99.25% were obtained for the CV and CRV of the ensemble features, respectively. The results indicate that the classification accuracy obtained with the ensemble features was higher than those obtained with the energy and entropy features.

Data Analysis of Criteria Governing Selection of Active Guard/Reserve Colonel

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-01

20  Figure 7.  Graphically depicts the Marital Status breakdown of the packets submitted by Married (M); Divorced (D); Single (S); Widowed...Status and compares them to the number of packets selected within the each group. Married (M); Divorced (D); Single (S); Widowed (W...logistic regression to examine the determining factors of poverty in Kenya. The study 8 digs deeper than the three indicators commonly thought to

Stochastic Stability in Internet Router Congestion Games

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chung, Christine; Pyrga, Evangelia

Congestion control at bottleneck routers on the internet is a long standing problem. Many policies have been proposed for effective ways to drop packets from the queues of these routers so that network endpoints will be inclined to share router capacity fairly and minimize the overflow of packets trying to enter the queues. We study just how effective some of these queuing policies are when each network endpoint is a self-interested player with no information about the other players’ actions or preferences. By employing the adaptive learning model of evolutionary game theory, we study policies such as Droptail, RED, and the greedy-flow-punishing policy proposed by Gao et al. [10] to find the stochastically stable states: the states of the system that will be reached in the long run.

Predictive onboard flow control for packet switching satellites

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bobinsky, Eric A.

1992-01-01

We outline two alternate approaches to predicting the onset of congestion in a packet switching satellite, and argue that predictive, rather than reactive, flow control is necessary for the efficient operation of such a system. The first method discussed is based on standard, statistical techniques which are used to periodically calculate a probability of near-term congestion based on arrival rate statistics. If this probability exceeds a present threshold, the satellite would transmit a rate-reduction signal to all active ground stations. The second method discussed would utilize a neural network to periodically predict the occurrence of buffer overflow based on input data which would include, in addition to arrival rates, the distributions of packet lengths, source addresses, and destination addresses.

The Hoksila and Winona Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Webster, Loraine; Two Hawk, Evelyn

The 10 illustrated readers in this learning packet are about Hoksila, a little Lakota boy and Winona, a very special little Lakota girl. Hoksila lived a long time ago on what is now the Rosebud Sioux Reservation. He was growing up when the old Indian ways and culture were still intact but threatened. Winona was to be gifted in medicine and…

Conversion of Gasoline Engines to Use Ethanol as the Sole Fuel. Student Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mishler, Glenn; Spignesi, Bill

This student guide is a learning packet that is intended for use as part of the regular auto mechanics curriculum and that provides the information necessary to convert a gasoline engine with a minimum of modifications to successfully be operated on ethanol alcohol. Contents include an introduction, objectives, procedures, list of tasks to be…

Moving Data, Moving Students: Involving Students in Learning about Internet Data Traffic

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reinicke, Bryan A.; Yaylacicegi, Ulku

2010-01-01

Undergraduate students often have difficulty understanding the way in which data moves across a TCP/IP network, such as the Internet. From the initial data request, to larger files being packetized and transmitted via multiple routes, the students can become lost in the details. These are important concepts for both introductory Management…

A Step by Step Guide for Planning a Japanese Cultural Festival.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murphy, Carole

Teachers at all academic levels can adapt the design and content of the sixth grade Japanese cultural festival detailed in this learning packet. Material is divided into 2 sections. Section 1 provides a step-by-step guide to planning and conducting the festival. These instructions, based on 5 years of experience, include a detailed planning…

On-Line Learning Technologies: Networking in the Classroom. Rural, Small Schools Network Information Exchange No. 16, Summer 1994.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Regional Laboratory for Educational Improvement of the Northeast & Islands, Andover, MA.

This packet includes reprints of articles and other information concerning the use of computer networks in small, rural schools. Computer networks can minimize isolation; develop stronger links to the community; access reference information from remote sources; and create professional and academic exchanges for teachers, administrators, and…

Mary's Story: A Curriculum for Teaching Medical Terminology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Inst. for the Study of Adult Literacy.

This packet of materials for a class on medical terminology consists of a collection of stories with highlighted vocabulary, teacher's guide, and student's guide. The materials teach medical terms in a series of stories about a woman named Mary Consola. Each story begins with a list of word parts that will be learned; after the story, new word…

Packet Fragmentation and Reassembly in Molecular Communication.

PubMed

Furubayashi, Taro; Nakano, Tadashi; Eckford, Andrew; Okaie, Yutaka; Yomo, Tetsuya

2016-04-01

This paper describes packet fragmentation and reassembly to achieve reliable molecular communication among bionanomachines. In the molecular communication described in this paper, a sender bionanomachine performs packet fragmentation, dividing a large molecular message into smaller pieces and embedding into smaller molecular packets, so that molecular packets have higher diffusivity to reach the receiver bionanomachine. The receiver bionanomachine then performs packet reassembly to retrieve the original molecular message from a set of molecular packets that it receives. To examine the effect of packet fragmentation and reassembly, we develop analytical models and conduct numerical experiments. Numerical results show that packet fragmentation and reassembly can improve the message delivery performance. Numerical results also indicate that packet fragmentation and reassembly may degrade the performance in the presence of drift in the environment.

America's Hero to the World, George C. Marshall. Teacher's Guide. Second Edition [and] Resource Packet [and] George C. Marshall: An American Leader. A Teacher's Notebook.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thompson, Rachel Yarnell; Sittig, Linda H.

This teaching unit about George C. Marshall contains a teacher's guide, a resource packet, and a teacher's notebook. The teacher's guide includes ten introductory, overarching, and culminating activities: (1) About this Guide; (2) Getting to Know Him; (3) Marshal on Video; (4) Share a Space with a Hero; (5) On a Global Stage--Links; (6) A Picture…

A novel lost packets recovery scheme based on visual secret sharing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lu, Kun; Shan, Hong; Li, Zhi; Niu, Zhao

2017-08-01

In this paper, a novel lost packets recovery scheme which encrypts the effective parts of an original packet into two shadow packets based on (2, 2)-threshold XOR-based visual Secret Sharing (VSS) is proposed. The two shadow packets used as watermarks would be embedded into two normal data packets with digital watermarking embedding technology and then sent from one sensor node to another. Each shadow packet would reveal no information of the original packet, which can improve the security of original packet delivery greatly. The two shadow packets which can be extracted from the received two normal data packets delivered from a sensor node can recover the original packet lossless based on XOR-based VSS. The Performance analysis present that the proposed scheme provides essential services as long as possible in the presence of selective forwarding attack. The proposed scheme would not increase the amount of additional traffic, namely, lower energy consumption, which is suitable for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN).

Extensible packet processing architecture

DOEpatents

Robertson, Perry J.; Hamlet, Jason R.; Pierson, Lyndon G.; Olsberg, Ronald R.; Chun, Guy D.

2013-08-20

A technique for distributed packet processing includes sequentially passing packets associated with packet flows between a plurality of processing engines along a flow through data bus linking the plurality of processing engines in series. At least one packet within a given packet flow is marked by a given processing engine to signify by the given processing engine to the other processing engines that the given processing engine has claimed the given packet flow for processing. A processing function is applied to each of the packet flows within the processing engines and the processed packets are output on a time-shared, arbitered data bus coupled to the plurality of processing engines.

Method and Apparatus for Processing UDP Data Packets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Murphy, Brandon M. (Inventor)

2017-01-01

A method and apparatus for processing a plurality of data packets. A data packet is received. A determination is made as to whether a portion of the data packet follows a selected digital recorder standard protocol based on a header of the data packet. Raw data in the data packet is converted into human-readable information in response to a determination that the portion of the data packet follows the selected digital recorder standard protocol.

Network congestion control algorithm based on Actor-Critic reinforcement learning model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Tao; Gong, Lina; Zhang, Wei; Li, Xuhong; Wang, Xia; Pan, Wenwen

2018-04-01

Aiming at the network congestion control problem, a congestion control algorithm based on Actor-Critic reinforcement learning model is designed. Through the genetic algorithm in the congestion control strategy, the network congestion problems can be better found and prevented. According to Actor-Critic reinforcement learning, the simulation experiment of network congestion control algorithm is designed. The simulation experiments verify that the AQM controller can predict the dynamic characteristics of the network system. Moreover, the learning strategy is adopted to optimize the network performance, and the dropping probability of packets is adaptively adjusted so as to improve the network performance and avoid congestion. Based on the above finding, it is concluded that the network congestion control algorithm based on Actor-Critic reinforcement learning model can effectively avoid the occurrence of TCP network congestion.

Packet flow monitoring tool and method

DOEpatents

Thiede, David R [Richland, WA

2009-07-14

A system and method for converting packet streams into session summaries. Session summaries are a group of packets each having a common source and destination internet protocol (IP) address, and, if present in the packets, common ports. The system first captures packets from a transport layer of a network of computer systems, then decodes the packets captured to determine the destination IP address and the source IP address. The system then identifies packets having common destination IP addresses and source IP addresses, then writes the decoded packets to an allocated memory structure as session summaries in a queue.

An On-Demand Emergency Packet Transmission Scheme for Wireless Body Area Networks.

PubMed

Al Ameen, Moshaddique; Hong, Choong Seon

2015-12-04

The rapid developments of sensor devices that can actively monitor human activities have given rise to a new field called wireless body area network (BAN). A BAN can manage devices in, on and around the human body. Major requirements of such a network are energy efficiency, long lifetime, low delay, security, etc. Traffic in a BAN can be scheduled (normal) or event-driven (emergency). Traditional media access control (MAC) protocols use duty cycling to improve performance. A sleep-wake up cycle is employed to save energy. However, this mechanism lacks features to handle emergency traffic in a prompt and immediate manner. To deliver an emergency packet, a node has to wait until the receiver is awake. It also suffers from overheads, such as idle listening, overhearing and control packet handshakes. An external radio-triggered wake up mechanism is proposed to handle prompt communication. It can reduce the overheads and improve the performance through an on-demand scheme. In this work, we present a simple-to-implement on-demand packet transmission scheme by taking into considerations the requirements of a BAN. The major concern is handling the event-based emergency traffic. The performance analysis of the proposed scheme is presented. The results showed significant improvements in the overall performance of a BAN compared to state-of-the-art protocols in terms of energy consumption, delay and lifetime.

An On-Demand Emergency Packet Transmission Scheme for Wireless Body Area Networks

PubMed Central

Al Ameen, Moshaddique; Hong, Choong Seon

2015-01-01

The rapid developments of sensor devices that can actively monitor human activities have given rise to a new field called wireless body area network (BAN). A BAN can manage devices in, on and around the human body. Major requirements of such a network are energy efficiency, long lifetime, low delay, security, etc. Traffic in a BAN can be scheduled (normal) or event-driven (emergency). Traditional media access control (MAC) protocols use duty cycling to improve performance. A sleep-wake up cycle is employed to save energy. However, this mechanism lacks features to handle emergency traffic in a prompt and immediate manner. To deliver an emergency packet, a node has to wait until the receiver is awake. It also suffers from overheads, such as idle listening, overhearing and control packet handshakes. An external radio-triggered wake up mechanism is proposed to handle prompt communication. It can reduce the overheads and improve the performance through an on-demand scheme. In this work, we present a simple-to-implement on-demand packet transmission scheme by taking into considerations the requirements of a BAN. The major concern is handling the event-based emergency traffic. The performance analysis of the proposed scheme is presented. The results showed significant improvements in the overall performance of a BAN compared to state-of-the-art protocols in terms of energy consumption, delay and lifetime. PMID:26690161

I/O routing in a multidimensional torus network

DOEpatents

Chen, Dong; Eisley, Noel A.; Heidelberger, Philip

2017-02-07

A method, system and computer program product are disclosed for routing data packet in a computing system comprising a multidimensional torus compute node network including a multitude of compute nodes, and an I/O node network including a plurality of I/O nodes. In one embodiment, the method comprises assigning to each of the data packets a destination address identifying one of the compute nodes; providing each of the data packets with a toio value; routing the data packets through the compute node network to the destination addresses of the data packets; and when each of the data packets reaches the destination address assigned to said each data packet, routing said each data packet to one of the I/O nodes if the toio value of said each data packet is a specified value. In one embodiment, each of the data packets is also provided with an ioreturn value used to route the data packets through the compute node network.

I/O routing in a multidimensional torus network

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, Dong; Eisley, Noel A.; Heidelberger, Philip

A method, system and computer program product are disclosed for routing data packet in a computing system comprising a multidimensional torus compute node network including a multitude of compute nodes, and an I/O node network including a plurality of I/O nodes. In one embodiment, the method comprises assigning to each of the data packets a destination address identifying one of the compute nodes; providing each of the data packets with a toio value; routing the data packets through the compute node network to the destination addresses of the data packets; and when each of the data packets reaches the destinationmore » address assigned to said each data packet, routing said each data packet to one of the I/O nodes if the toio value of said each data packet is a specified value. In one embodiment, each of the data packets is also provided with an ioreturn value used to route the data packets through the compute node network.« less

Estimating TCP Packet Loss Ratio from Sampled ACK Packets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yamasaki, Yasuhiro; Shimonishi, Hideyuki; Murase, Tutomu

The advent of various quality-sensitive applications has greatly changed the requirements for IP network management and made the monitoring of individual traffic flows more important. Since the processing costs of per-flow quality monitoring are high, especially in high-speed backbone links, packet sampling techniques have been attracting considerable attention. Existing sampling techniques, such as those used in Sampled NetFlow and sFlow, however, focus on the monitoring of traffic volume, and there has been little discussion of the monitoring of such quality indexes as packet loss ratio. In this paper we propose a method for estimating, from sampled packets, packet loss ratios in individual TCP sessions. It detects packet loss events by monitoring duplicate ACK events raised by each TCP receiver. Because sampling reveals only a portion of the actual packet loss, the actual packet loss ratio is estimated statistically. Simulation results show that the proposed method can estimate the TCP packet loss ratio accurately from a 10% sampling of packets.

The Pacor 2 expert system: A case-based reasoning approach to troubleshooting

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sary, Charisse

1994-01-01

The Packet Processor 2 (Pacor 2) Data Capture Facility (DCF) acquires, captures, and performs level-zero processing of packet telemetry for spaceflight missions that adhere to communication services recommendations established by the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS). A major goal of this project is to reduce life-cycle costs. One way to achieve this goal is to increase automation. Through automation, using expert systems, and other technologies, staffing requirements will remain static, which will enable the same number of analysts to support more missions. Analysts provide packet telemetry data evaluation and analysis services for all data received. Data that passes this evaluation is forwarded to the Data Distribution Facility (DDF) and released to scientists. Through troubleshooting, data that fails this evaluation is dumped and analyzed to determine if its quality can be improved before it is released. This paper describes a proof-of-concept prototype that troubleshoots data quality problems. The Pacor 2 expert system prototype uses the case-based reasoning (CBR) approach to development, an alternative to a rule-based approach. Because Pacor 2 is not operational, the prototype has been developed using cases that describe existing troubleshooting experience from currently operating missions. Through CBR, this experience will be available to analysts when Pacor 2 becomes operational. As Pacor 2 unique experience is gained, analysts will update the case base. In essence, analysts are training the system as they learn. Once the system has learned the cases most likely to recur, it can serve as an aide to inexperienced analysts, a refresher to experienced analysts for infrequently occurring problems, or a training tool for new analysts. The Expert System Development Methodology (ESDM) is being used to guide development.

Random access with adaptive packet aggregation in LTE/LTE-A.

PubMed

Zhou, Kaijie; Nikaein, Navid

While random access presents a promising solution for efficient uplink channel access, the preamble collision rate can significantly increase when massive number of devices simultaneously access the channel. To address this issue and improve the reliability of the random access, an adaptive packet aggregation method is proposed. With the proposed method, a device does not trigger a random access for every single packet. Instead, it starts a random access when the number of aggregated packets reaches a given threshold. This method reduces the packet collision rate at the expense of an extra latency, which is used to accumulate multiple packets into a single transmission unit. Therefore, the tradeoff between packet loss rate and channel access latency has to be carefully selected. We use semi-Markov model to derive the packet loss rate and channel access latency as functions of packet aggregation number. Hence, the optimal amount of aggregated packets can be found, which keeps the loss rate below the desired value while minimizing the access latency. We also apply for the idea of packet aggregation for power saving, where a device aggregates as many packets as possible until the latency constraint is reached. Simulations are carried out to evaluate our methods. We find that the packet loss rate and/or power consumption are significantly reduced with the proposed method.

Packet telemetry and packet telecommand - The new generation of spacecraft data handling techniques

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hooke, A. J.

1983-01-01

Because of rising costs and reduced reliability of spacecraft and ground network hardware and software customization, standardization Packet Telemetry and Packet Telecommand concepts are emerging as viable alternatives. Autonomous packets of data, within each concept, which are created within ground and space application processes through the use of formatting techniques, are switched end-to-end through the space data network to their destination application processes through the use of standard transfer protocols. This process may result in facilitating a high degree of automation and interoperability because of completely mission-independent-designed intermediate data networks. The adoption of an international guideline for future space telemetry formatting of the Packet Telemetry concept, and the advancement of the NASA-ESA Working Group's Packet Telecommand concept to a level of maturity parallel to the of Packet Telemetry are the goals of the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems. Both the Packet Telemetry and Packet Telecommand concepts are reviewed.

Error recovery to enable error-free message transfer between nodes of a computer network

DOEpatents

Blumrich, Matthias A.; Coteus, Paul W.; Chen, Dong; Gara, Alan; Giampapa, Mark E.; Heidelberger, Philip; Hoenicke, Dirk; Takken, Todd; Steinmacher-Burow, Burkhard; Vranas, Pavlos M.

2016-01-26

An error-recovery method to enable error-free message transfer between nodes of a computer network. A first node of the network sends a packet to a second node of the network over a link between the nodes, and the first node keeps a copy of the packet on a sending end of the link until the first node receives acknowledgment from the second node that the packet was received without error. The second node tests the packet to determine if the packet is error free. If the packet is not error free, the second node sets a flag to mark the packet as corrupt. The second node returns acknowledgement to the first node specifying whether the packet was received with or without error. When the packet is received with error, the link is returned to a known state and the packet is sent again to the second node.

Path integration of head direction: updating a packet of neural activity at the correct speed using axonal conduction delays.

PubMed

Walters, Daniel; Stringer, Simon; Rolls, Edmund

2013-01-01

The head direction cell system is capable of accurately updating its current representation of head direction in the absence of visual input. This is known as the path integration of head direction. An important question is how the head direction cell system learns to perform accurate path integration of head direction. In this paper we propose a model of velocity path integration of head direction in which the natural time delay of axonal transmission between a linked continuous attractor network and competitive network acts as a timing mechanism to facilitate the correct speed of path integration. The model effectively learns a "look-up" table for the correct speed of path integration. In simulation, we show that the model is able to successfully learn two different speeds of path integration across two different axonal conduction delays, and without the need to alter any other model parameters. An implication of this model is that, by learning look-up tables for each speed of path integration, the model should exhibit a degree of robustness to damage. In simulations, we show that the speed of path integration is not significantly affected by degrading the network through removing a proportion of the cells that signal rotational velocity.

Path Integration of Head Direction: Updating a Packet of Neural Activity at the Correct Speed Using Axonal Conduction Delays

PubMed Central

Walters, Daniel; Stringer, Simon; Rolls, Edmund

2013-01-01

The head direction cell system is capable of accurately updating its current representation of head direction in the absence of visual input. This is known as the path integration of head direction. An important question is how the head direction cell system learns to perform accurate path integration of head direction. In this paper we propose a model of velocity path integration of head direction in which the natural time delay of axonal transmission between a linked continuous attractor network and competitive network acts as a timing mechanism to facilitate the correct speed of path integration. The model effectively learns a “look-up” table for the correct speed of path integration. In simulation, we show that the model is able to successfully learn two different speeds of path integration across two different axonal conduction delays, and without the need to alter any other model parameters. An implication of this model is that, by learning look-up tables for each speed of path integration, the model should exhibit a degree of robustness to damage. In simulations, we show that the speed of path integration is not significantly affected by degrading the network through removing a proportion of the cells that signal rotational velocity. PMID:23526976

Touch the Future: Discovering Abilities through Technology for Living, Learning, Working and Playing. Southeast Regional Conference (3rd, Atlanta, Georgia, April 10-12, 1991).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Georgia State Dept. of Human Resources, Atlanta. Div. of Rehabilitation Services.

This packet of materials was originally intended for participants in a 1991 conference on assistive technology for the disabled. After a detailed listing of the conference schedule, individual sections provide abstracts, biographical sketches, and summaries concerning the following conference topics: blending, computer labs, family, grants and…

Who Won the Cold War? A Learning Packet for Secondary Level Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kansas Univ., Lawrence. Center for Russian and East European Studies.

Realizing that the Cold War is a topic that often is neglected as time runs short at the end of a school year, a group of University of Kansas (Lawrence) educators sought to create effective classroom materials for secondary/community college instructors to teach about the Cold War. The group's main goal was to create a flexible model that…

A World of Fashion Course for Fashion-Oriented Students. Career Education in Home Economics. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pew, Lou Ann

The document consists of a brief project report, copies of program publicity and related correspondence, and one of the nine learning packets developed for use in the program. The purpose of the project was to develop guidelines for planning, conducting, managing, and evaluating a simulation program for teaching the skills and competencies…

VMSoar: a cognitive agent for network security

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Benjamin, David P.; Shankar-Iyer, Ranjita; Perumal, Archana

2005-03-01

VMSoar is a cognitive network security agent designed for both network configuration and long-term security management. It performs automatic vulnerability assessments by exploring a configuration"s weaknesses and also performs network intrusion detection. VMSoar is built on the Soar cognitive architecture, and benefits from the general cognitive abilities of Soar, including learning from experience, the ability to solve a wide range of complex problems, and use of natural language to interact with humans. The approach used by VMSoar is very different from that taken by other vulnerability assessment or intrusion detection systems. VMSoar performs vulnerability assessments by using VMWare to create a virtual copy of the target machine then attacking the simulated machine with a wide assortment of exploits. VMSoar uses this same ability to perform intrusion detection. When trying to understand a sequence of network packets, VMSoar uses VMWare to make a virtual copy of the local portion of the network and then attempts to generate the observed packets on the simulated network by performing various exploits. This approach is initially slow, but VMSoar"s learning ability significantly speeds up both vulnerability assessment and intrusion detection. This paper describes the design and implementation of VMSoar, and initial experiments with Windows NT and XP.

Future optical communication networks beyond 160 Gbit/s based on OTDM

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prati, Giancarlo; Bogoni, Antonella; Poti, Luca

2005-01-01

The virtually unlimited bandwidth of optical fibers has caused a great increase in data transmission speed over the past decade and, hence, stimulated high-demand multimedia services such as distance learning, video-conferencing and peer to peer applications. For this reason data traffic is exceeding telephony traffic, and this trend is driving the convergence of telecommunications and computer communications. In this scenario Internet Protocol (IP) is becoming the dominant protocol for any traffic, shifting the attention of the network designers from a circuit switching approach to a packet switching approach. A role of paramount importance in packet switching networks is played by the router that must implement the functionalities to set up and maintain the inter-nodal communications. The main functionalities a router must implement are routing, forwarding, switching, synchronization, contention resolution, and buffering. Nowadays, opto-electronic conversion is still required at each network node to process the incoming signal before routing that to the right output port. However, when the single channel bit rate increases beyond electronic speed limit, Optical Time Division Multiplexing (OTDM) becomes a forced choice, and all-optical processing must be performed to extract the information from the incoming packet. In this paper enabling techniques for ultra-fast all-optical network will be addressed. First a 160 Gbit/s complete transmission system will be considered. As enabling technique, an overview for all-optical logics will be discussed and experimental results will be presented using a particular reconfigurable NOLM based on Self-Phase-Modulation (SPM) or Cross-Phase-Modulation (XPM). Finally, a rough experiment on label extraction, all-optical switching and packet forwarding is shown.

Can We Talk? Helping Families Talk about Self-Esteem, Sex, and Peer Pressure. Training Package = Conversamos? Ayudando a Familias a Hablar sobre la Autoestima, el Sexo, y la Presion de los Amigos. Paquete de Capacitacion.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cappello, Dominic; Newberry, Jerald

This English and Spanish language multimedia packet comprises an educational curriculum designed to help families talk about self-esteem, sex, and peer pressure with their children in grades 4 through 8. The packet consists of a planning and training manuals, family activity books, and a videotape. The curriculum is comprised of four parent…

A multi-ring optical packet and circuit integrated network with optical buffering.

PubMed

Furukawa, Hideaki; Shinada, Satoshi; Miyazawa, Takaya; Harai, Hiroaki; Kawasaki, Wataru; Saito, Tatsuhiko; Matsunaga, Koji; Toyozumi, Tatuya; Wada, Naoya

2012-12-17

We newly developed a 3 × 3 integrated optical packet and circuit switch-node. Optical buffers and burst-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifiers with the gain flatness are installed in the 3 × 3 switch-node. The optical buffer can prevent packet collisions and decrease packet loss. We constructed a multi-ring optical packet and circuit integrated network testbed connecting two single-ring networks and a client network by the 3 × 3 switch-node. For the first time, we demonstrated 244 km fiber transmission and 5-node hopping of multiplexed 14-wavelength 10 Gbps optical paths and 100 Gbps optical packets encapsulating 10 Gigabit Ethernet frames on the testbed. Error-free (frame error rate < 1 × 10(-4)) operation was achieved with optical packets of various packet lengths. In addition, successful avoidance of packet collisions by optical buffers was confirmed.

Idaho National Laboratory Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Intrusion Detection System (SCADA IDS)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jared Verba; Michael Milvich

2008-05-01

Current Intrusion Detection System (IDS) technology is not suited to be widely deployed inside a Supervisory, Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) environment. Anomaly- and signature-based IDS technologies have developed methods to cover information technology-based networks activity and protocols effectively. However, these IDS technologies do not include the fine protocol granularity required to ensure network security inside an environment with weak protocols lacking authentication and encryption. By implementing a more specific and more intelligent packet inspection mechanism, tailored traffic flow analysis, and unique packet tampering detection, IDS technology developed specifically for SCADA environments can be deployed with confidence in detecting maliciousmore » activity.« less

Flight software issues in onboard automated planning: lessons learned on EO-1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tran, Daniel; Chien, Steve; Rabideau, Gregg; Cichy, Benjamin

2004-01-01

This paper focuses on the onboard planner and scheduler CASPER, whose core planning engine is based on the ground system ASPEN. Given the challenges of developing flight software, we discuss several of the issues encountered in preparing the planner for flight, including reducing the code image size, determining what data to place within the engineering telemetry packet, and performing long term planning.

Impact of VoIP and QoS on Open and Distance Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saxena, P. C.; Jasola, Sanjay; Sharma, Ramesh C.

2006-01-01

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is becoming a reality in many organizations. The potential for mobility in voice over wi-fi networks will derive demand for the technology. Wireless VoIP is poised to rival VoIP as an alternative telephony tool. Internet has been used to transport data in the form of packet. In the past, Internet did not support…

Speech transport for packet telephony and voice over IP

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baker, Maurice R.

1999-11-01

Recent advances in packet switching, internetworking, and digital signal processing technologies have converged to allow realizable practical implementations of packet telephony systems. This paper provides a tutorial on transmission engineering for packet telephony covering the topics of speech coding/decoding, speech packetization, packet data network transport, and impairments which may negatively impact end-to-end system quality. Particular emphasis is placed upon Voice over Internet Protocol given the current popularity and ubiquity of IP transport.

Sink or Swim: Standards-Based Integrated Science.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Audet, Richard H.

1997-01-01

Describes an activity designed to comply with the National Science Education Standards that introduces the principles of buoyancy and density by using plastic soda bottles, ketchup packets, and other simple materials. Laboratory activity is included. (DKM)

Development of optical packet and circuit integrated ring network testbed.

PubMed

Furukawa, Hideaki; Harai, Hiroaki; Miyazawa, Takaya; Shinada, Satoshi; Kawasaki, Wataru; Wada, Naoya

2011-12-12

We developed novel integrated optical packet and circuit switch-node equipment. Compared with our previous equipment, a polarization-independent 4 × 4 semiconductor optical amplifier switch subsystem, gain-controlled optical amplifiers, and one 100 Gbps optical packet transponder and seven 10 Gbps optical path transponders with 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GbE) client-interfaces were newly installed in the present system. The switch and amplifiers can provide more stable operation without equipment adjustments for the frequent polarization-rotations and dynamic packet-rate changes of optical packets. We constructed an optical packet and circuit integrated ring network testbed consisting of two switch nodes for accelerating network development, and we demonstrated 66 km fiber transmission and switching operation of multiplexed 14-wavelength 10 Gbps optical paths and 100 Gbps optical packets encapsulating 10GbE frames. Error-free (frame error rate < 1×10(-4)) operation was achieved with optical packets of various packet lengths and packet rates, and stable operation of the network testbed was confirmed. In addition, 4K uncompressed video streaming over OPS links was successfully demonstrated. © 2011 Optical Society of America

[Positive Activities Campaign.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (DHHS/PHS), Rockville, MD. Center for Substance Abuse Prevention.

This packet contains four pamphlets that are part of a campaign to encourage adults to provide and promote positive activities for youth and to serve as role models for young people. "Positive Activities: A Campaign for Youth" includes information on what positive activities are, how to get involved in helping to provide positive activities for…

Sampled-Data Consensus of Linear Multi-agent Systems With Packet Losses.

PubMed

Zhang, Wenbing; Tang, Yang; Huang, Tingwen; Kurths, Jurgen

In this paper, the consensus problem is studied for a class of multi-agent systems with sampled data and packet losses, where random and deterministic packet losses are considered, respectively. For random packet losses, a Bernoulli-distributed white sequence is used to describe packet dropouts among agents in a stochastic way. For deterministic packet losses, a switched system with stable and unstable subsystems is employed to model packet dropouts in a deterministic way. The purpose of this paper is to derive consensus criteria, such that linear multi-agent systems with sampled-data and packet losses can reach consensus. By means of the Lyapunov function approach and the decomposition method, the design problem of a distributed controller is solved in terms of convex optimization. The interplay among the allowable bound of the sampling interval, the probability of random packet losses, and the rate of deterministic packet losses are explicitly derived to characterize consensus conditions. The obtained criteria are closely related to the maximum eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix versus the second minimum eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix, which reveals the intrinsic effect of communication topologies on consensus performance. Finally, simulations are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed results.In this paper, the consensus problem is studied for a class of multi-agent systems with sampled data and packet losses, where random and deterministic packet losses are considered, respectively. For random packet losses, a Bernoulli-distributed white sequence is used to describe packet dropouts among agents in a stochastic way. For deterministic packet losses, a switched system with stable and unstable subsystems is employed to model packet dropouts in a deterministic way. The purpose of this paper is to derive consensus criteria, such that linear multi-agent systems with sampled-data and packet losses can reach consensus. By means of the Lyapunov function approach and the decomposition method, the design problem of a distributed controller is solved in terms of convex optimization. The interplay among the allowable bound of the sampling interval, the probability of random packet losses, and the rate of deterministic packet losses are explicitly derived to characterize consensus conditions. The obtained criteria are closely related to the maximum eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix versus the second minimum eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix, which reveals the intrinsic effect of communication topologies on consensus performance. Finally, simulations are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed results.

Photonic integrated circuit optical buffer for packet-switched networks.

PubMed

Burmeister, Emily F; Mack, John P; Poulsen, Henrik N; Masanović, Milan L; Stamenić, Biljana; Blumenthal, Daniel J; Bowers, John E

2009-04-13

A chip-scale optical buffer performs autonomous contention resolution for 40-byte packets with 99% packet recovery. The buffer consists of a fast, InP-based 2 x 2 optical switch and a silica-on-silicon low loss delay loop. The buffer is demonstrated in recirculating operation, but may be reconfigured in feed-forward operation for longer packet lengths. The recirculating buffer provides packet storage in integer multiples of the delay length of 12.86 ns up to 64.3 ns with 98% packet recovery. The buffer is used to resolve contention between two 40 Gb/s packet streams using multiple photonic chip optical buffers.

Integrated Model for Performance Analysis of All-Optical Multihop Packet Switches

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jeong, Han-You; Seo, Seung-Woo

2000-09-01

The overall performance of an all-optical packet switching system is usually determined by two criteria, i.e., switching latency and packet loss rate. In some real-time applications, however, in which packets arriving later than a timeout period are discarded as loss, the packet loss rate becomes the most dominant criterion for system performance. Here we focus on evaluating the performance of all-optical packet switches in terms of the packet loss rate, which normally arises from the insufficient hardware or the degradation of an optical signal. Considering both aspects, we propose what we believe is a new analysis model for the packet loss rate that reflects the complicated interactions between physical impairments and system-level parameters. On the basis of the estimation model for signal quality degradation in a multihop path we construct an equivalent analysis model of a switching network for evaluating an average bit error rate. With the model constructed we then propose an integrated model for estimating the packet loss rate in three architectural examples of multihop packet switches, each of which is based on a different switching concept. We also derive the bounds on the packet loss rate induced by bit errors. Finally, it is verified through simulation studies that our analysis model accurately predicts system performance.

Combining Fog Computing with Sensor Mote Machine Learning for Industrial IoT.

PubMed

Lavassani, Mehrzad; Forsström, Stefan; Jennehag, Ulf; Zhang, Tingting

2018-05-12

Digitalization is a global trend becoming ever more important to our connected and sustainable society. This trend also affects industry where the Industrial Internet of Things is an important part, and there is a need to conserve spectrum as well as energy when communicating data to a fog or cloud back-end system. In this paper we investigate the benefits of fog computing by proposing a novel distributed learning model on the sensor device and simulating the data stream in the fog, instead of transmitting all raw sensor values to the cloud back-end. To save energy and to communicate as few packets as possible, the updated parameters of the learned model at the sensor device are communicated in longer time intervals to a fog computing system. The proposed framework is implemented and tested in a real world testbed in order to make quantitative measurements and evaluate the system. Our results show that the proposed model can achieve a 98% decrease in the number of packets sent over the wireless link, and the fog node can still simulate the data stream with an acceptable accuracy of 97%. We also observe an end-to-end delay of 180 ms in our proposed three-layer framework. Hence, the framework shows that a combination of fog and cloud computing with a distributed data modeling at the sensor device for wireless sensor networks can be beneficial for Industrial Internet of Things applications.

Combining Fog Computing with Sensor Mote Machine Learning for Industrial IoT

PubMed Central

Lavassani, Mehrzad; Jennehag, Ulf; Zhang, Tingting

2018-01-01

Digitalization is a global trend becoming ever more important to our connected and sustainable society. This trend also affects industry where the Industrial Internet of Things is an important part, and there is a need to conserve spectrum as well as energy when communicating data to a fog or cloud back-end system. In this paper we investigate the benefits of fog computing by proposing a novel distributed learning model on the sensor device and simulating the data stream in the fog, instead of transmitting all raw sensor values to the cloud back-end. To save energy and to communicate as few packets as possible, the updated parameters of the learned model at the sensor device are communicated in longer time intervals to a fog computing system. The proposed framework is implemented and tested in a real world testbed in order to make quantitative measurements and evaluate the system. Our results show that the proposed model can achieve a 98% decrease in the number of packets sent over the wireless link, and the fog node can still simulate the data stream with an acceptable accuracy of 97%. We also observe an end-to-end delay of 180 ms in our proposed three-layer framework. Hence, the framework shows that a combination of fog and cloud computing with a distributed data modeling at the sensor device for wireless sensor networks can be beneficial for Industrial Internet of Things applications. PMID:29757227

Congestion control for a fair packet delivery in WSN: from a complex system perspective.

PubMed

Aguirre-Guerrero, Daniela; Marcelín-Jiménez, Ricardo; Rodriguez-Colina, Enrique; Pascoe-Chalke, Michael

2014-01-01

In this work, we propose that packets travelling across a wireless sensor network (WSN) can be seen as the active agents that make up a complex system, just like a bird flock or a fish school, for instance. From this perspective, the tools and models that have been developed to study this kind of systems have been applied. This is in order to create a distributed congestion control based on a set of simple rules programmed at the nodes of the WSN. Our results show that it is possible to adapt the carried traffic to the network capacity, even under stressing conditions. Also, the network performance shows a smooth degradation when the traffic goes beyond a threshold which is settled by the proposed self-organized control. In contrast, without any control, the network collapses before this threshold. The use of the proposed solution provides an effective strategy to address some of the common problems found in WSN deployment by providing a fair packet delivery. In addition, the network congestion is mitigated using adaptive traffic mechanisms based on a satisfaction parameter assessed by each packet which has impact on the global satisfaction of the traffic carried by the WSN.

Event-driven charge-coupled device design and applications therefor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Doty, John P. (Inventor); Ricker, Jr., George R. (Inventor); Burke, Barry E. (Inventor); Prigozhin, Gregory Y. (Inventor)

2005-01-01

An event-driven X-ray CCD imager device uses a floating-gate amplifier or other non-destructive readout device to non-destructively sense a charge level in a charge packet associated with a pixel. The output of the floating-gate amplifier is used to identify each pixel that has a charge level above a predetermined threshold. If the charge level is above a predetermined threshold the charge in the triggering charge packet and in the charge packets from neighboring pixels need to be measured accurately. A charge delay register is included in the event-driven X-ray CCD imager device to enable recovery of the charge packets from neighboring pixels for accurate measurement. When a charge packet reaches the end of the charge delay register, control logic either dumps the charge packet, or steers the charge packet to a charge FIFO to preserve it if the charge packet is determined to be a packet that needs accurate measurement. A floating-diffusion amplifier or other low-noise output stage device, which converts charge level to a voltage level with high precision, provides final measurement of the charge packets. The voltage level is eventually digitized by a high linearity ADC.

Charge transport calculations by a wave-packet dynamical approach using maximally localized Wannier functions based on density functional theory: Application to high-mobility organic semiconductors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ishii, Hiroyuki; Kobayashi, Nobuhiko; Hirose, Kenji

2017-01-01

We present a wave-packet dynamical approach to charge transport using maximally localized Wannier functions based on density functional theory including van der Waals interactions. We apply it to the transport properties of pentacene and rubrene single crystals and show the temperature-dependent natures from bandlike to thermally activated behaviors as a function of the magnitude of external static disorder. We compare the results with those obtained by the conventional band and hopping models and experiments.

Software-defined networking control plane for seamless integration of multiple silicon photonic switches in Datacom networks.

PubMed

Shen, Yiwen; Hattink, Maarten H N; Samadi, Payman; Cheng, Qixiang; Hu, Ziyiz; Gazman, Alexander; Bergman, Keren

2018-04-16

Silicon photonics based switches offer an effective option for the delivery of dynamic bandwidth for future large-scale Datacom systems while maintaining scalable energy efficiency. The integration of a silicon photonics-based optical switching fabric within electronic Datacom architectures requires novel network topologies and arbitration strategies to effectively manage the active elements in the network. We present a scalable software-defined networking control plane to integrate silicon photonic based switches with conventional Ethernet or InfiniBand networks. Our software-defined control plane manages both electronic packet switches and multiple silicon photonic switches for simultaneous packet and circuit switching. We built an experimental Dragonfly network testbed with 16 electronic packet switches and 2 silicon photonic switches to evaluate our control plane. Observed latencies occupied by each step of the switching procedure demonstrate a total of 344 µs control plane latency for data-center and high performance computing platforms.

Design of a Multicast Optical Packet Switch Based on Fiber Bragg Grating Technology for Future Networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheng, Yuh-Jiuh; Yeh, Tzuoh-Chyau; Cheng, Shyr-Yuan

2011-09-01

In this paper, a non-blocking multicast optical packet switch based on fiber Bragg grating technology with optical output buffers is proposed. Only the header of optical packets is converted to electronic signals to control the fiber Bragg grating array of input ports and the packet payloads should be transparently destined to their output ports so that the proposed switch can reduce electronic interfaces as well as the bit rate. The modulation and the format of packet payloads may be non-standard where packet payloads could also include different wavelengths for increasing the volume of traffic. The advantage is obvious: the proposed switch could transport various types of traffic. An easily implemented architecture which can provide multicast services is also presented. An optical output buffer is designed to queue the packets if more than one incoming packet should reach to the same destination output port or including any waiting packets in optical output buffer that will be sent to the output port at a time slot. For preserving service-packet sequencing and fairness of routing sequence, a priority scheme and a round-robin algorithm are adopted at the optical output buffer. The fiber Bragg grating arrays for both input ports and output ports are designed for routing incoming packets using optical code division multiple access technology.

Priority arbitration mechanism

DOEpatents

Garmire, Derrick L [Kingston, NY; Herring, Jay R [Poughkeepsie, NY; Stunkel, Craig B [Bethel, CT

2007-03-06

A method is provided for selecting a data source for transmission on one of several logical (virtual) lanes embodied in a single physical connection. Lanes are assigned to either a high priority class or to a low priority class. One of six conditions is employed to determine when re-arbitration of lane priorities is desired. When this occurs a next source for transmission is selected based on a the specification of the maximum number of high priority packets that can be sent after a lower priority transmission has been interrupted. Alternatively, a next source for transmission is selected based on a the specification of the maximum number of high priority packets that can be sent while a lower priority packet is waiting. If initialized correctly, the arbiter keeps all of the packets of a high priority packet contiguous, while allowing lower priority packets to be interrupted by the higher priority packets, but not to the point of starvation of the lower priority packets.

Minimal position-velocity uncertainty wave packets in relativistic and non-relativistic quantum mechanics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Al-Hashimi, M. H.; Wiese, U.-J.

2009-12-01

We consider wave packets of free particles with a general energy-momentum dispersion relation E(p). The spreading of the wave packet is determined by the velocity v=∂pE. The position-velocity uncertainty relation ΔxΔv⩾12|<∂p2E>| is saturated by minimal uncertainty wave packets Φ(p)=Aexp(-αE(p)+βp). In addition to the standard minimal Gaussian wave packets corresponding to the non-relativistic dispersion relation E(p)=p2/2m, analytic calculations are presented for the spreading of wave packets with minimal position-velocity uncertainty product for the lattice dispersion relation E(p)=-cos(pa)/ma2 as well as for the relativistic dispersion relation E(p)=p2+m2. The boost properties of moving relativistic wave packets as well as the propagation of wave packets in an expanding Universe are also discussed.

Experimental investigation of all-optical packet-level time slot assignment using two optical buffers cascaded.

PubMed

Sheng, Xinzhi; Feng, Zhen; Li, Bing

2013-04-20

We proposed and experimentally demonstrated all-optical packet-level time slot assignment scheme with two optical buffers cascaded. The function of time-slot interchange (TSI) was successfully implemented on two and three optical packets at a data rate of 10 Gb/s. Therefore, the functions of TSI on N packets should be implemented easily by the use of N-1 stage optical buffer. On the basis of the above experiment, we carried out the TSI experiment on four packets with the same two-stage experimental setup. Furthermore, packets compression on three optical packets was also carried out with the same experimental setup. The shortest guard time of the packets compression can reach to 13 ns due to the limit of FPGA's control accuracy. Due to the use of the same optical buffer, the proposed scheme has the advantages of simple and scalable configuration, modularization, and easy integration.

Interconnecting network for switching data packets and method for switching data packets

DOEpatents

Benner, Alan Frederic; Minkenberg, Cyriel Johan Agnes; Stunkel, Craig Brian

2010-05-25

The interconnecting network for switching data packets, having data and flow control information, comprises a local packet switch element (S1) with local input buffers (I(1,1) . . . I(1,y)) for buffering the incoming data packets, a remote packet switch element (S2) with remote input buffers (I(2,1) . . . I(2,y)) for buffering the incoming data packets, and data lines (L) for interconnecting the local and the remote packet switch elements (S1, S2). The interconnecting network further comprises a local and a remote arbiter (A1, A2) which are connected via control lines (CL) to the input buffers (I(1,1) . . . I(1,y), I(2,1) . . . I(2,y)), and which are formed such that they can provide that the flow control information is transmitted via the data lines (L) and the control lines (CL).

Hanging on to the Wetlands. Book II.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Newton, David E.; Slesnick, Irwin L.

This middle/junior high school unit on wetland ecology consists of 12 activities and activity packets containing data sheets, activity sheets, flash cards, game cards, and other materials needed to complete the activities. The first activity is the text for a slide-tape show which provides an overview of the entire unit. Each of the remaining…

Hanging on to the Wetlands. Book I.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Newton, David E.; Slesnick, Irwin L.

This elementary school unit on wetland ecology consists of 12 activities and activity packets containing data sheets, activity sheets, flash cards, game cards, and other materials needed to complete the activities. The first activity is the text for a slide-tape show which provides an overview of the entire unit. Each of the remaining activities…

Splash! Water Resource Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Southwest Florida Water Management District, Brooksville.

This set of activities is designed to bring water resource education into the middle school classroom using an interdisciplinary approach. The packet contains timely, localized information about the water resources of west central Florida. Each activity is aligned to middle-school Sunshine State Standards. These hands-on, minds-on activities can…

Hanging on to the Wetlands. Book III.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Newton, David E.; Slesnick, Irwin L.

This high school unit on wetland ecology consists of 12 activities and activity packets containing data sheets, activity sheets, flash cards, game cards, and other materials needed to complete the activities. The first activity is the text for a slide-tape show which provides an overview of the entire unit. Each of the remaining activities is then…

The congestion control algorithm based on queue management of each node in mobile ad hoc networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wei, Yifei; Chang, Lin; Wang, Yali; Wang, Gaoping

2016-12-01

This paper proposes an active queue management mechanism, considering the node's own ability and its importance in the network to set the queue threshold. As the network load increases, local congestion of mobile ad hoc network may lead to network performance degradation, hot node's energy consumption increase even failure. If small energy nodes congested because of forwarding data packets, then when it is used as the source node will cause a lot of packet loss. This paper proposes an active queue management mechanism, considering the node's own ability and its importance in the network to set the queue threshold. Controlling nodes buffer queue in different levels of congestion area probability by adjusting the upper limits and lower limits, thus nodes can adjust responsibility of forwarding data packets according to their own situation. The proposed algorithm will slow down the send rate hop by hop along the data package transmission direction from congestion node to source node so that to prevent further congestion from the source node. The simulation results show that, the algorithm can better play the data forwarding ability of strong nodes, protect the weak nodes, can effectively alleviate the network congestion situation.

Classification of epileptic seizures using wavelet packet log energy and norm entropies with recurrent Elman neural network classifier.

PubMed

Raghu, S; Sriraam, N; Kumar, G Pradeep

2017-02-01

Electroencephalogram shortly termed as EEG is considered as the fundamental segment for the assessment of the neural activities in the brain. In cognitive neuroscience domain, EEG-based assessment method is found to be superior due to its non-invasive ability to detect deep brain structure while exhibiting superior spatial resolutions. Especially for studying the neurodynamic behavior of epileptic seizures, EEG recordings reflect the neuronal activity of the brain and thus provide required clinical diagnostic information for the neurologist. This specific proposed study makes use of wavelet packet based log and norm entropies with a recurrent Elman neural network (REN) for the automated detection of epileptic seizures. Three conditions, normal, pre-ictal and epileptic EEG recordings were considered for the proposed study. An adaptive Weiner filter was initially applied to remove the power line noise of 50 Hz from raw EEG recordings. Raw EEGs were segmented into 1 s patterns to ensure stationarity of the signal. Then wavelet packet using Haar wavelet with a five level decomposition was introduced and two entropies, log and norm were estimated and were applied to REN classifier to perform binary classification. The non-linear Wilcoxon statistical test was applied to observe the variation in the features under these conditions. The effect of log energy entropy (without wavelets) was also studied. It was found from the simulation results that the wavelet packet log entropy with REN classifier yielded a classification accuracy of 99.70 % for normal-pre-ictal, 99.70 % for normal-epileptic and 99.85 % for pre-ictal-epileptic.

Estimation of network path segment delays

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nichols, Kathleen Marie

A method for estimation of a network path segment delay includes determining a scaled time stamp for each packet of a plurality of packets by scaling a time stamp for each respective packet to minimize a difference of at least one of a frequency and a frequency drift between a transport protocol clock of a host and a monitoring point. The time stamp for each packet is provided by the transport protocol clock of the host. A corrected time stamp for each packet is determined by removing from the scaled time stamp for each respective packet, a temporal offset betweenmore » the transport protocol clock and the monitoring clock by minimizing a temporal delay variation of the plurality of packets traversing a segment between the host and the monitoring point.« less

Interface Supports Lightweight Subsystem Routing for Flight Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lux, James P.; Block, Gary L.; Ahmad, Mohammad; Whitaker, William D.; Dillon, James W.

2010-01-01

A wireless avionics interface exploits the constrained nature of data networks in flight systems to use a lightweight routing method. This simplified routing means that a processor is not required, and the logic can be implemented as an intellectual property (IP) core in a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The FPGA can be shared with the flight subsystem application. In addition, the router is aware of redundant subsystems, and can be configured to provide hot standby support as part of the interface. This simplifies implementation of flight applications requiring hot stand - by support. When a valid inbound packet is received from the network, the destination node address is inspected to determine whether the packet is to be processed by this node. Each node has routing tables for the next neighbor node to guide the packet to the destination node. If it is to be processed, the final packet destination is inspected to determine whether the packet is to be forwarded to another node, or routed locally. If the packet is local, it is sent to an Applications Data Interface (ADI), which is attached to a local flight application. Under this scheme, an interface can support many applications in a subsystem supporting a high level of subsystem integration. If the packet is to be forwarded to another node, it is sent to the outbound packet router. The outbound packet router receives packets from an ADI or a packet to be forwarded. It then uses a lookup table to determine the next destination for the packet. Upon detecting a remote subsystem failure, the routing table can be updated to autonomously bypass the failed subsystem.

Home Economics. Iowa Developed Energy Activity Sampler, 6-12. Revised.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Iowa State Dept. of Education, Des Moines. Div. of Instructional Services.

The revised Iowa Developed Energy Activity Sampler (IDEAS) was compiled using the original IDEAS program and the Energy Conservation Activity Packets (ECAPS). This document was developed to provide home economics teachers with background information on energy, and activities that can be used/adapted with a minimum of preparation time. The…

106-17 Telemetry Standards Recorder Data Packet Format Standard Chapter 11

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-07-01

11.2.2 PCM Data Packets ..................................................................................... 11-11 11.2.3 Time Data Packets...11-95 11.2.15 Ethernet Data Packets ................................................................................ 11-97 11.2.16 Time Space...4 Time ............................................................ 11-10 Figure 11-5. Secondary Header IEEE 1588 Time

78 FR 63228 - Determination That Potassium Citrate, 10 Milliequivalents/Packet and 20 Milliequivalents/Packet...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-23

... approved. ANDA applicants do not have to repeat the extensive clinical testing otherwise necessary to gain... mEq/packet and 20 mEq/packet, is the subject of NDA 19-647, held by Nova-K LLC, and initially...

Packet loss mitigation for biomedical signals in healthcare telemetry.

PubMed

Garudadri, Harinath; Baheti, Pawan K

2009-01-01

In this work, we propose an effective application layer solution for packet loss mitigation in the context of Body Sensor Networks (BSN) and healthcare telemetry. Packet losses occur due to many reasons including excessive path loss, interference from other wireless systems, handoffs, congestion, system loading, etc. A call for action is in order, as packet losses can have extremely adverse impact on many healthcare applications relying on BAN and WAN technologies. Our approach for packet loss mitigation is based on Compressed Sensing (CS), an emerging signal processing concept, wherein significantly fewer sensor measurements than that suggested by Shannon/Nyquist sampling theorem can be used to recover signals with arbitrarily fine resolution. We present simulation results demonstrating graceful degradation of performance with increasing packet loss rate. We also compare the proposed approach with retransmissions. The CS based packet loss mitigation approach was found to maintain up to 99% beat-detection accuracy at packet loss rates of 20%, with a constant latency of less than 2.5 seconds.

Think Texas! Suggested Activities to Help Celebrate Our Sesquicentennial.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Texas Education Agency, Austin.

A packet of teaching activities helps elementary and secondary teachers commemorate the sesquicentennial of Texas' independence. Activities include listening to stories about the mockingbird, bluebonnet, and pecan tree, drawing interpretations of these stories, and using a graphics tablet, light pen, or graphics software to illustrate a Texas folk…

Dolphin "packet" use during long-range echolocation tasks.

PubMed

Finneran, James J

2013-03-01

When echolocating, dolphins typically emit a single broadband "click," then wait to receive the echo before emitting another click. However, previous studies have shown that during long-range echolocation tasks, they may instead emit a burst, or "packet," of several clicks, then wait for the packet of echoes to return before emitting another packet of clicks. The reasons for the use of packets are unknown. In this study, packet use was examined by having trained bottlenose dolphins perform long-range echolocation tasks. The tasks featured "phantom" echoes produced by capturing the dolphin's outgoing echolocation clicks, convolving the clicks with an impulse response to create an echo waveform, and then broadcasting the delayed, scaled echo to the dolphin. Dolphins were trained to report the presence of phantom echoes or a change in phantom echoes. Target range varied from 25 to 800 m. At ranges below 75 m, the dolphins rarely used packets. As the range increased beyond 75 m, two of the three dolphins increasingly produced packets, while the third dolphin instead utilized very high click repetition rates. The use of click packets appeared to be governed more by echo delay (target range) than echo amplitude.

Observation of Wave Packet Distortion during a Negative-Group-Velocity Transmission

PubMed Central

Ye, Dexin; Salamin, Yannick; Huangfu, Jiangtao; Qiao, Shan; Zheng, Guoan; Ran, Lixin

2015-01-01

In Physics, causality is a fundamental postulation arising from the second law of thermodynamics. It states that, the cause of an event precedes its effect. In the context of Electromagnetics, the relativistic causality limits the upper bound of the velocity of information, which is carried by electromagnetic wave packets, to the speed of light in free space (c). In anomalously dispersive media (ADM), it has been shown that, wave packets appear to propagate with a superluminal or even negative group velocity. However, Sommerfeld and Brillouin pointed out that the “front” of such wave packets, known as the initial point of the Sommerfeld precursor, always travels at c. In this work, we investigate the negative-group-velocity transmission of half-sine wave packets. We experimentally observe the wave front and the distortion of modulated wave packets propagating with a negative group velocity in a passive artificial ADM in microwave regime. Different from previous literature on the propagation of superluminal Gaussian packets, strongly distorted sinusoidal packets with non-superluminal wave fronts were observed. This result agrees with Brillouin's assertion, i.e., the severe distortion of seemingly superluminal wave packets makes the definition of group velocity physically meaningless in the anomalously dispersive region. PMID:25631746

Multiwavelet packet entropy and its application in transmission line fault recognition and classification.

PubMed

Liu, Zhigang; Han, Zhiwei; Zhang, Yang; Zhang, Qiaoge

2014-11-01

Multiwavelets possess better properties than traditional wavelets. Multiwavelet packet transformation has more high-frequency information. Spectral entropy can be applied as an analysis index to the complexity or uncertainty of a signal. This paper tries to define four multiwavelet packet entropies to extract the features of different transmission line faults, and uses a radial basis function (RBF) neural network to recognize and classify 10 fault types of power transmission lines. First, the preprocessing and postprocessing problems of multiwavelets are presented. Shannon entropy and Tsallis entropy are introduced, and their difference is discussed. Second, multiwavelet packet energy entropy, time entropy, Shannon singular entropy, and Tsallis singular entropy are defined as the feature extraction methods of transmission line fault signals. Third, the plan of transmission line fault recognition using multiwavelet packet entropies and an RBF neural network is proposed. Finally, the experimental results show that the plan with the four multiwavelet packet energy entropies defined in this paper achieves better performance in fault recognition. The performance with SA4 (symmetric antisymmetric) multiwavelet packet Tsallis singular entropy is the best among the combinations of different multiwavelet packets and the four multiwavelet packet entropies.

Aeroacoustic directivity via wave-packet analysis of mean or base flows

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Edstrand, Adam; Schmid, Peter; Cattafesta, Louis

2017-11-01

Noise pollution is an ever-increasing problem in society, and knowledge of the directivity patterns of the sound radiation is required for prediction and control. Directivity is frequently determined through costly numerical simulations of the flow field combined with an acoustic analogy. We introduce a new computationally efficient method of finding directivity for a given mean or base flow field using wave-packet analysis (Trefethen, PRSA 2005). Wave-packet analysis approximates the eigenvalue spectrum with spectral accuracy by modeling the eigenfunctions as wave packets. With the wave packets determined, we then follow the method of Obrist (JFM, 2009), which uses Lighthill's acoustic analogy to determine the far-field sound radiation and directivity of wave-packet modes. We apply this method to a canonical jet flow (Gudmundsson and Colonius, JFM 2011) and determine the directivity of potentially unstable wave packets. Furthermore, we generalize the method to consider a three-dimensional flow field of a trailing vortex wake. In summary, we approximate the disturbances as wave packets and extract the directivity from the wave-packet approximation in a fraction of the time of standard aeroacoustic solvers. ONR Grant N00014-15-1-2403.

Lightweight active router-queue management for multimedia networking

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Parris, Mark; Jeffay, Kevin; Smith, F. D.

1998-12-01

The Internet research community is promoting active queue management in routers as a proactive means of addressing congestion in the Internet. Active queue management mechanisms such as Random Early Detection (RED) work well for TCP flows but can fail in the presence of unresponsive UDP flows. Recent proposals extend RED to strongly favor TCP and TCP-like flows and to actively penalize `misbehaving' flows. This is problematic for multimedia flows that, although potentially well-behaved, do not, or can not, satisfy the definition of a TCP-like flow. In this paper we investigate an extension to RED active queue management called Class-Based Thresholds (CBT). The goal of CBT is to reduce congestion in routers and to protect TCP from all UDP flows while also ensuring acceptable throughput and latency for well-behaved UDP flows. CBT attempts to realize a `better than best effort' service for well-behaved multimedia flows that is comparable to that achieved by a packet or link scheduling discipline, however, CBT does this by queue management rather than by scheduling. We present results of experiments comparing our mechanisms to plain RED and to FRED, a variant of RED designed to ensure fair allocation of bandwidth amongst flows. We also compare CBT to a packet scheduling scheme. The experiments show that CBT (1) realizes protection for TCP, and (2) provides throughput and end-to-end latency for tagged UDP flows, that is better than that under FRED and RED and comparable to that achieved by packet scheduling. Moreover CBT is a lighter-weight mechanism than FRED in terms of its state requirements and implementation complexity.

Effects of packet retransmission with finite packet lifetime on traffic capacity in scale-free networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Zhong-Yuan; Ma, Jian-Feng

Existing routing strategies such as the global dynamic routing [X. Ling, M. B. Hu, R. Jiang and Q. S. Wu, Phys. Rev. E 81, 016113 (2010)] can achieve very high traffic capacity at the cost of extremely long packet traveling delay. In many real complex networks, especially for real-time applications such as the instant communication software, extremely long packet traveling time is unacceptable. In this work, we propose to assign a finite Time-to-Live (TTL) parameter for each packet. To guarantee every packet to arrive at its destination within its TTL, we assume that a packet is retransmitted by its source once its TTL expires. We employ source routing mechanisms in the traffic model to avoid the routing-flaps induced by the global dynamic routing. We compose extensive simulations to verify our proposed mechanisms. With small TTL, the effects of packet retransmission on network traffic capacity are obvious, and the phase transition from flow free state to congested state occurs. For the purpose of reducing the computation frequency of the routing table, we employ a computing cycle Tc within which the routing table is recomputed once. The simulation results show that the traffic capacity decreases with increasing Tc. Our work provides a good insight into the understanding of effects of packet retransmission with finite packet lifetime on traffic capacity in scale-free networks.

Deadlock-free class routes for collective communications embedded in a multi-dimensional torus network

DOEpatents

Chen, Dong; Eisley, Noel A.; Steinmacher-Burow, Burkhard; Heidelberger, Philip

2013-01-29

A computer implemented method and a system for routing data packets in a multi-dimensional computer network. The method comprises routing a data packet among nodes along one dimension towards a root node, each node having input and output communication links, said root node not having any outgoing uplinks, and determining at each node if the data packet has reached a predefined coordinate for the dimension or an edge of the subrectangle for the dimension, and if the data packet has reached the predefined coordinate for the dimension or the edge of the subrectangle for the dimension, determining if the data packet has reached the root node, and if the data packet has not reached the root node, routing the data packet among nodes along another dimension towards the root node.

Deep Packet/Flow Analysis using GPUs

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gong, Qian; Wu, Wenji; DeMar, Phil

Deep packet inspection (DPI) faces severe performance challenges in high-speed networks (40/100 GE) as it requires a large amount of raw computing power and high I/O throughputs. Recently, researchers have tentatively used GPUs to address the above issues and boost the performance of DPI. Typically, DPI applications involve highly complex operations in both per-packet and per-flow data level, often in real-time. The parallel architecture of GPUs fits exceptionally well for per-packet network traffic processing. However, for stateful network protocols such as TCP, their data stream need to be reconstructed in a per-flow level to deliver a consistent content analysis. Sincemore » the flow-centric operations are naturally antiparallel and often require large memory space for buffering out-of-sequence packets, they can be problematic for GPUs, whose memory is normally limited to several gigabytes. In this work, we present a highly efficient GPU-based deep packet/flow analysis framework. The proposed design includes a purely GPU-implemented flow tracking and TCP stream reassembly. Instead of buffering and waiting for TCP packets to become in sequence, our framework process the packets in batch and uses a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) with prefix-/suffix- tree method to detect patterns across out-of-sequence packets that happen to be located in different batches. In conclusion, evaluation shows that our code can reassemble and forward tens of millions of packets per second and conduct a stateful signature-based deep packet inspection at 55 Gbit/s using an NVIDIA K40 GPU.« less

Trade Related Reading Packets for Disabled Readers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davis, Beverly; Woodruff, Nancy S.

Six trade-related reading packets for disabled readers are provided for these trades: assemblers, baking, building maintenance, data entry, interior landscaping, and warehousing. Each packet stresses from 9 to 14 skills. Those skills common to most packets include context clues, fact or opinion, details, following directions, main idea,…

Efficient Actor Recovery Paradigm for Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks

PubMed Central

Mahjoub, Reem K.; Elleithy, Khaled

2017-01-01

The actor nodes are the spine of wireless sensor and actor networks (WSANs) that collaborate to perform a specific task in an unverified and uneven environment. Thus, there is a possibility of high failure rate in such unfriendly scenarios due to several factors such as power consumption of devices, electronic circuit failure, software errors in nodes or physical impairment of the actor nodes and inter-actor connectivity problem. Therefore, it is extremely important to discover the failure of a cut-vertex actor and network-disjoint in order to improve the Quality-of-Service (QoS). In this paper, we propose an Efficient Actor Recovery (EAR) paradigm to guarantee the contention-free traffic-forwarding capacity. The EAR paradigm consists of a Node Monitoring and Critical Node Detection (NMCND) algorithm that monitors the activities of the nodes to determine the critical node. In addition, it replaces the critical node with backup node prior to complete node-failure which helps balancing the network performance. The packets are handled using Network Integration and Message Forwarding (NIMF) algorithm that determines the source of forwarding the packets; either from actor or sensor. This decision-making capability of the algorithm controls the packet forwarding rate to maintain the network for a longer time. Furthermore, for handling the proper routing strategy, Priority-Based Routing for Node Failure Avoidance (PRNFA) algorithm is deployed to decide the priority of the packets to be forwarded based on the significance of information available in the packet. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed EAR paradigm, the proposed algorithms were tested using OMNET++ simulation. PMID:28420102

Efficient Actor Recovery Paradigm for Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks.

PubMed

Mahjoub, Reem K; Elleithy, Khaled

2017-04-14

The actor nodes are the spine of wireless sensor and actor networks (WSANs) that collaborate to perform a specific task in an unverified and uneven environment. Thus, there is a possibility of high failure rate in such unfriendly scenarios due to several factors such as power consumption of devices, electronic circuit failure, software errors in nodes or physical impairment of the actor nodes and inter-actor connectivity problem. Therefore, it is extremely important to discover the failure of a cut-vertex actor and network-disjoint in order to improve the Quality-of-Service (QoS). In this paper, we propose an Efficient Actor Recovery (EAR) paradigm to guarantee the contention-free traffic-forwarding capacity. The EAR paradigm consists of a Node Monitoring and Critical Node Detection (NMCND) algorithm that monitors the activities of the nodes to determine the critical node. In addition, it replaces the critical node with backup node prior to complete node-failure which helps balancing the network performance. The packets are handled using Network Integration and Message Forwarding (NIMF) algorithm that determines the source of forwarding the packets; either from actor or sensor. This decision-making capability of the algorithm controls the packet forwarding rate to maintain the network for a longer time. Furthermore, for handling the proper routing strategy, Priority-Based Routing for Node Failure Avoidance (PRNFA) algorithm is deployed to decide the priority of the packets to be forwarded based on the significance of information available in the packet. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed EAR paradigm, the proposed algorithms were tested using OMNET++ simulation.

Macroscopic traveling packet and soliton states of quasi-one-dimensional flocks.

PubMed

Guttenberg, Nicholas; Toner, John; Tu, Yuhai

2014-05-01

Using a continuum model for inhomogeneous flocks, we show that a finite but arbitrarily large moving "packet" of active particles (e.g., moving creatures) can form in a background of a lower density disordered phase of these particles, like a liquid drop surrounded by vapor. The "vapor density" of the disordered background can be made arbitrarily low. We find three basic types of quasi-one-dimensional states: "longitudinal", "transverse", and "oblique" states, with their internal velocity fields, respectively, parallel, perpendicular, and oblique to the interface. The transitions between these states are also studied.

Government by the People, Government upon the People. A Comparison of Democratic and Undemocratic Forms of Government: The U.S. and the U.S.S.R.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

B'nai B'rith, New York, NY. Anti-Defamation League.

The goals of this learning packet are to: (1) increase understanding of the Soviet system; (2) enhance appreciation of U.S. constitutionally guaranteed rights; and (3) inform students of how governmental policies of both nations are reflected in the lives of ordinary people. The 17 reproducible lessons are designed to present: (1) the philosophy…

Effects of inter-packet spacing on the delivery of multimedia content

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kapadia, A. C.; Feng, A. C.; Feng, W. C.

2001-01-01

Streaming multimedia content with UDP has become increasingly popular over distributed systems such as the Internet. However, because UDP does not possess any congestion-control mechanism and most best-effort trafic is served by the congestion-controlled TCP, UDP flows steal bandwidth from TCP to the point that TCP flows can starve for network resources. Furthermore, such applications may cause the Internet infrastructure to eventually suffer from congestion collapse because UDP trafic does not self-regulate itself. To address this problem, next-generation Internet routers will implement active queue-management schemes to punish malicious traffic, e.g., non-adaptive UDP flows, and to the improve the performance ofmore » congestion-controlled traffic, e.g., TCP flows. The arrival of such routers will cripple the performance of today's UDP-based multimedia applications. So, in this paper, we introduce the notion of inter-packet spacing with control feedback to enable these UDP-based applications to perform well in the next-generation Internet while being adaptive and self-regulating. When compared with traditional UDP-based multimedia streaming, we illustrate that our counterintuitive, interpacket-spacing scheme with control feedback can reduce packet loss by 90% without adversely affecting delivered throughput. Keywords: network protocol, multimedia, packet spacing, rate-adjusting congestion control.« less

Standard services for the capture, processing, and distribution of packetized telemetry data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stallings, William H.

1989-01-01

Standard functional services for the capture, processing, and distribution of packetized data are discussed with particular reference to the future implementation of packet processing systems, such as those for the Space Station Freedom. The major functions are listed under the following major categories: input processing, packet processing, and output processing. A functional block diagram of a packet data processing facility is presented, showing the distribution of the various processing functions as well as the primary data flow through the facility.

Implementation of a data packet generator using pattern matching for wearable ECG monitoring systems.

PubMed

Noh, Yun Hong; Jeong, Do Un

2014-07-15

In this paper, a packet generator using a pattern matching algorithm for real-time abnormal heartbeat detection is proposed. The packet generator creates a very small data packet which conveys sufficient crucial information for health condition analysis. The data packet envelopes real time ECG signals and transmits them to a smartphone via Bluetooth. An Android application was developed specifically to decode the packet and extract ECG information for health condition analysis. Several graphical presentations are displayed and shown on the smartphone. We evaluate the performance of abnormal heartbeat detection accuracy using the MIT/BIH Arrhythmia Database and real time experiments. The experimental result confirm our finding that abnormal heart beat detection is practically possible. We also performed data compression ratio and signal restoration performance evaluations to establish the usefulness of the proposed packet generator and the results were excellent.

Retrieval of charge mobility from apparent charge packet movements in LDPE thin films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meng, Jia; Zhang, Yewen; Holé, Stéphane; Zheng, Feihu; An, Zhenlian

2017-03-01

The charge packet phenomenon observed in polyethylene materials has been reported extensively during the last decades. To explain its movement, Negative Differential Mobility (NDM) theory is a competitive model among several proposed mechanisms. However, as a key concept of this theory, a sufficiently acute relationship between charge mobility and electric field has never been reported until now, which makes it hard to precisely describe the migration of charge packets with this theory. Based on the substantial negative-charge packet observations with a sufficiently by wide electric field range from 15 kV/mm to 50 kV/mm, the present contribution successfully retrieved the negative-charge mobility from the apparent charge packet movements, which reveals a much closer relationship between the NDM theory and charge packet migrations. Back simulations of charge packets with the retrieved charge mobility offer a good agreement with the experimental data.

Physical Watermarking for Securing Cyber-Physical Systems via Packet Drop Injections

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ozel, Omur; Weekrakkody, Sean; Sinopoli, Bruno

Physical watermarking is a well known solution for detecting integrity attacks on Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) such as the smart grid. Here, a random control input is injected into the system in order to authenticate physical dynamics and sensors which may have been corrupted by adversaries. Packet drops may naturally occur in a CPS due to network imperfections. To our knowledge, previous work has not considered the role of packet drops in detecting integrity attacks. In this paper, we investigate the merit of injecting Bernoulli packet drops into the control inputs sent to actuators as a new physical watermarking scheme. Withmore » the classical linear quadratic objective function and an independent and identically distributed packet drop injection sequence, we study the effect of packet drops on meeting security and control objectives. Our results indicate that the packet drops could act as a potential physical watermark for attack detection in CPSs.« less

Evaluation of a realtime, remote monitoring telemedicine system using the Bluetooth protocol and a mobile phone network.

PubMed

Jasemian, Yousef; Arendt-Nielsen, Lars

2005-01-01

A generic, realtime wireless telemedicine system has been developed that uses the Bluetooth protocol and the general packet radio service for mobile phones. The system was tested on 10 healthy volunteers, by continuous monitoring of their electrocardiograms (ECGs). Under realistic conditions, the system had 96.5% uptime, a data throughput of 3.3 kbit/s, a mean packet error rate of 8.5x10(-3) packet/s and a mean packet loss rate of 8.2x10(-3) packet/s. During 24 h testing, the total average downtime was 66 min and 90% of the periods of downtime were of only 1-3 min duration. Less than 10% of the ECGs were of unacceptable quality. Thus, the generic telemedicine system showed high reliability and performance, and the design may provide a foundation for realtime monitoring in clinical practice, for example in cardiology.

Greedy data transportation scheme with hard packet deadlines for wireless ad hoc networks.

PubMed

Lee, HyungJune

2014-01-01

We present a greedy data transportation scheme with hard packet deadlines in ad hoc sensor networks of stationary nodes and multiple mobile nodes with scheduled trajectory path and arrival time. In the proposed routing strategy, each stationary ad hoc node en route decides whether to relay a shortest-path stationary node toward destination or a passing-by mobile node that will carry closer to destination. We aim to utilize mobile nodes to minimize the total routing cost as far as the selected route can satisfy the end-to-end packet deadline. We evaluate our proposed routing algorithm in terms of routing cost, packet delivery ratio, packet delivery time, and usability of mobile nodes based on network level simulations. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm fully exploits the remaining time till packet deadline to turn into networking benefits of reducing the overall routing cost and improving packet delivery performance. Also, we demonstrate that the routing scheme guarantees packet delivery with hard deadlines, contributing to QoS improvement in various network services.

Greedy Data Transportation Scheme with Hard Packet Deadlines for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

PubMed Central

Lee, HyungJune

2014-01-01

We present a greedy data transportation scheme with hard packet deadlines in ad hoc sensor networks of stationary nodes and multiple mobile nodes with scheduled trajectory path and arrival time. In the proposed routing strategy, each stationary ad hoc node en route decides whether to relay a shortest-path stationary node toward destination or a passing-by mobile node that will carry closer to destination. We aim to utilize mobile nodes to minimize the total routing cost as far as the selected route can satisfy the end-to-end packet deadline. We evaluate our proposed routing algorithm in terms of routing cost, packet delivery ratio, packet delivery time, and usability of mobile nodes based on network level simulations. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm fully exploits the remaining time till packet deadline to turn into networking benefits of reducing the overall routing cost and improving packet delivery performance. Also, we demonstrate that the routing scheme guarantees packet delivery with hard deadlines, contributing to QoS improvement in various network services. PMID:25258736

Instrument for measurement of vacuum in sealed thin wall packets

DOEpatents

Kollie, T.G.; Thacker, L.H.; Fine, H.A.

1993-10-05

An instrument is described for the measurement of vacuum within sealed packets, the packets having a wall sufficiently thin that it can be deformed by the application of an external vacuum to small area thereof. The instrument has a detector head for placement against the deformable wall of the packet to apply the vacuum in a controlled manner to accomplish a limited deformation or lift of the wall, with this deformation or lift monitored by the application of light as via a bifurcated light pipe. Retro-reflected light through the light pipe is monitored with a photo detector. An abrupt change (e.g., a decrease) of retro-reflected light signals the wall movement such that the value of the vacuum applied through the head to achieve this initiation of movement is equal to the vacuum within the packet. In a preferred embodiment a vacuum reference plate is placed beneath the packet to ensure that no deformation occurs on the reverse surface of the packet. A packet production line model is also described. 3 figures.

Experimental evaluation of the impact of packet capturing tools for web services.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Choe, Yung Ryn; Mohapatra, Prasant; Chuah, Chen-Nee

Network measurement is a discipline that provides the techniques to collect data that are fundamental to many branches of computer science. While many capturing tools and comparisons have made available in the literature and elsewhere, the impact of these packet capturing tools on existing processes have not been thoroughly studied. While not a concern for collection methods in which dedicated servers are used, many usage scenarios of packet capturing now requires the packet capturing tool to run concurrently with operational processes. In this work we perform experimental evaluations of the performance impact that packet capturing process have on web-based services;more » in particular, we observe the impact on web servers. We find that packet capturing processes indeed impact the performance of web servers, but on a multi-core system the impact varies depending on whether the packet capturing and web hosting processes are co-located or not. In addition, the architecture and behavior of the web server and process scheduling is coupled with the behavior of the packet capturing process, which in turn also affect the web server's performance.« less

Error-Resilient Unequal Error Protection of Fine Granularity Scalable Video Bitstreams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cai, Hua; Zeng, Bing; Shen, Guobin; Xiong, Zixiang; Li, Shipeng

2006-12-01

This paper deals with the optimal packet loss protection issue for streaming the fine granularity scalable (FGS) video bitstreams over IP networks. Unlike many other existing protection schemes, we develop an error-resilient unequal error protection (ER-UEP) method that adds redundant information optimally for loss protection and, at the same time, cancels completely the dependency among bitstream after loss recovery. In our ER-UEP method, the FGS enhancement-layer bitstream is first packetized into a group of independent and scalable data packets. Parity packets, which are also scalable, are then generated. Unequal protection is finally achieved by properly shaping the data packets and the parity packets. We present an algorithm that can optimally allocate the rate budget between data packets and parity packets, together with several simplified versions that have lower complexity. Compared with conventional UEP schemes that suffer from bit contamination (caused by the bit dependency within a bitstream), our method guarantees successful decoding of all received bits, thus leading to strong error-resilience (at any fixed channel bandwidth) and high robustness (under varying and/or unclean channel conditions).

Instrument for measurement of vacuum in sealed thin wall packets

DOEpatents

Kollie, Thomas G.; Thacker, Louis H.; Fine, H. Alan

1993-01-01

An instrument for the measurement of vacuum within sealed packets 12, the packets 12 having a wall 14 sufficiently thin that it can be deformed by the application of an external vacuum to small area thereof. The instrument has a detector head 18 for placement against the deformable wall 14 of the packet to apply the vacuum in a controlled manner to accomplish a limited deformation or lift of the wall 14, with this deformation or lift monitored by the application of light as via a bifurcated light pipe 20. Retro-reflected light through the light pipe is monitored with a photo detector 26. An abrupt change (e.g., a decrease) of retro-reflected light signals the wall movement such that the value of the vacuum applied through the head 18 to achieve this initiation of movement is equal to the vacuum Within the packet 12. In a preferred embodiment a vacuum reference plate 44 is placed beneath the packet 12 to ensure that no deformation occurs on the reverse surface 16 of the packet. A packet production line model is also described.

APC-PC Combined Scheme in Gilbert Two State Model: Proposal and Study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bulo, Yaka; Saring, Yang; Bhunia, Chandan Tilak

2017-04-01

In an automatic repeat request (ARQ) scheme, a packet is retransmitted if it gets corrupted due to transmission errors caused by the channel. However, an erroneous packet may contain both erroneous bits and correct bits and hence it may still contain useful information. The receiver may be able to combine this information from multiple erroneous copies to recover the correct packet. Packet combining (PC) is a simple and elegant scheme of error correction in transmitted packet, in which two received copies are XORed to obtain the bit location of erroneous bits. Thereafter, the packet is corrected by bit inversion of bit located as erroneous. Aggressive packet combining (APC) is a logic extension of PC primarily designed for wireless communication with objective of correcting error with low latency. PC offers higher throughput than APC, but PC does not correct double bit errors if occur in same bit location of erroneous copies of the packet. A hybrid technique is proposed to utilize the advantages of both APC and PC while attempting to remove the limitation of both. In the proposed technique, applications of APC-PC on Gilbert two state model has been studied. The simulation results show that the proposed technique offers better throughput than the conventional APC and lesser packet error rate than PC scheme.

Application of the wavelet packet transform to vibration signals for surface roughness monitoring in CNC turning operations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

García Plaza, E.; Núñez López, P. J.

2018-01-01

The wavelet packet transform method decomposes a time signal into several independent time-frequency signals called packets. This enables the temporary location of transient events occurring during the monitoring of the cutting processes, which is advantageous in monitoring condition and fault diagnosis. This paper proposes the monitoring of surface roughness using a single low cost sensor that is easily implemented in numerical control machine tools in order to make on-line decisions on workpiece surface finish quality. Packet feature extraction in vibration signals was applied to correlate the sensor signals to measured surface roughness. For the successful application of the WPT method, mother wavelets, packet decomposition level, and appropriate packet selection methods should be considered, but are poorly understood aspects in the literature. In this novel contribution, forty mother wavelets, optimal decomposition level, and packet reduction methods were analysed, as well as identifying the effective frequency range providing the best packet feature extraction for monitoring surface finish. The results show that mother wavelet biorthogonal 4.4 in decomposition level L3 with the fusion of the orthogonal vibration components (ax + ay + az) were the best option in the vibration signal and surface roughness correlation. The best packets were found in the medium-high frequency DDA (6250-9375 Hz) and high frequency ADA (9375-12500 Hz) ranges, and the feed acceleration component ay was the primary source of information. The packet reduction methods forfeited packets with relevant features to the signal, leading to poor results for the prediction of surface roughness. WPT is a robust vibration signal processing method for the monitoring of surface roughness using a single sensor without other information sources, satisfactory results were obtained in comparison to other processing methods with a low computational cost.

VLSI Implementation of a 2.8 Gevent/s Packet-Based AER Interface with Routing and Event Sorting Functionality

PubMed Central

Scholze, Stefan; Schiefer, Stefan; Partzsch, Johannes; Hartmann, Stephan; Mayr, Christian Georg; Höppner, Sebastian; Eisenreich, Holger; Henker, Stephan; Vogginger, Bernhard; Schüffny, Rene

2011-01-01

State-of-the-art large-scale neuromorphic systems require sophisticated spike event communication between units of the neural network. We present a high-speed communication infrastructure for a waferscale neuromorphic system, based on application-specific neuromorphic communication ICs in an field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)-maintained environment. The ICs implement configurable axonal delays, as required for certain types of dynamic processing or for emulating spike-based learning among distant cortical areas. Measurements are presented which show the efficacy of these delays in influencing behavior of neuromorphic benchmarks. The specialized, dedicated address-event-representation communication in most current systems requires separate, low-bandwidth configuration channels. In contrast, the configuration of the waferscale neuromorphic system is also handled by the digital packet-based pulse channel, which transmits configuration data at the full bandwidth otherwise used for pulse transmission. The overall so-called pulse communication subgroup (ICs and FPGA) delivers a factor 25–50 more event transmission rate than other current neuromorphic communication infrastructures. PMID:22016720

Human Spaceflight: Activities for the Intermediate and Junior High Student.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hartsfield, John W.; Hartsfield, Kendra J.

Since its beginning, space science has created high interest and continues to prod the imagination of students. This activity packet, which has been designed to enhance the curriculum and challenge gifted students, contains background information on spaceflight as well as 24 interdisciplinary classroom activities, 3 crossword puzzles, and 3 word…

Global Change

USGS Publications Warehouse

,

1993-01-01

Global change is a relatively new area of scientific study using research from many disciplines to determine how Earth systems change, and to assess the influence of human activity on these changes. This teaching packet consists of a poster and three activity sheets. In teaching these activities four themes are important: time, change, cycles, and Earth as home.

Towards a Bio-inspired Security Framework for Mission-Critical Wireless Sensor Networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ren, Wei; Song, Jun; Ma, Zhao; Huang, Shiyong

Mission-critical wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been found in numerous promising applications in civil and military fields. However, the functionality of WSNs extensively relies on its security capability for detecting and defending sophisticated adversaries, such as Sybil, worm hole and mobile adversaries. In this paper, we propose a bio-inspired security framework to provide intelligence-enabled security mechanisms. This scheme is composed of a middleware, multiple agents and mobile agents. The agents monitor the network packets, host activities, make decisions and launch corresponding responses. Middleware performs an infrastructure for the communication between various agents and corresponding mobility. Certain cognitive models and intelligent algorithms such as Layered Reference Model of Brain and Self-Organizing Neural Network with Competitive Learning are explored in the context of sensor networks that have resource constraints. The security framework and implementation are also described in details.

Dynamic defense and network randomization for computer systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chavez, Adrian R.; Stout, William M. S.; Hamlet, Jason R.

The various technologies presented herein relate to determining a network attack is taking place, and further to adjust one or more network parameters such that the network becomes dynamically configured. A plurality of machine learning algorithms are configured to recognize an active attack pattern. Notification of the attack can be generated, and knowledge gained from the detected attack pattern can be utilized to improve the knowledge of the algorithms to detect a subsequent attack vector(s). Further, network settings and application communications can be dynamically randomized, wherein artificial diversity converts control systems into moving targets that help mitigate the early reconnaissancemore » stages of an attack. An attack(s) based upon a known static address(es) of a critical infrastructure network device(s) can be mitigated by the dynamic randomization. Network parameters that can be randomized include IP addresses, application port numbers, paths data packets navigate through the network, application randomization, etc.« less

Twelve tips for implementing effective service learning.

PubMed

Playford, Denese; Bailey, Susan; Fisher, Colleen; Stasinska, Ania; Marshall, Lewis; Gawlinski, Michele; Young, Susan

2017-11-24

Service learning is an educational methodology that facilitates transformation of students' knowledge, attitudes and attitudes around holistic care through work with community organizations. To implement academically, defensible service learning requires faculty endorsement, consideration of course credit, an enthusiastic champion able to negotiate agreements with organizations, organizations' identification of their own projects so they are willing to both fund and supervise them, curricular underpinning that imparts the project skills necessary for success, embedding at a time when students' clinical identity is being formed, small packets of curriculum elements delivered "just in time" as students engage with their project, flexible online platform/s, assessment that is organically related to the project, providing cross cultural up-skilling, and focused on the students' responsibility for their own product. The result is a learning experience that is engaging for medical students, links the university to the community, and encourages altruism which is otherwise reported to decline through medical school.

Software-defined networking control plane for seamless integration of multiple silicon photonic switches in Datacom networks

DOE PAGES

Shen, Yiwen; Hattink, Maarten; Samadi, Payman; ...

2018-04-13

Silicon photonics based switches offer an effective option for the delivery of dynamic bandwidth for future large-scale Datacom systems while maintaining scalable energy efficiency. The integration of a silicon photonics-based optical switching fabric within electronic Datacom architectures requires novel network topologies and arbitration strategies to effectively manage the active elements in the network. Here, we present a scalable software-defined networking control plane to integrate silicon photonic based switches with conventional Ethernet or InfiniBand networks. Our software-defined control plane manages both electronic packet switches and multiple silicon photonic switches for simultaneous packet and circuit switching. We built an experimental Dragonfly networkmore » testbed with 16 electronic packet switches and 2 silicon photonic switches to evaluate our control plane. Observed latencies occupied by each step of the switching procedure demonstrate a total of 344 microsecond control plane latency for data-center and high performance computing platforms.« less

Software-defined networking control plane for seamless integration of multiple silicon photonic switches in Datacom networks

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shen, Yiwen; Hattink, Maarten; Samadi, Payman

Silicon photonics based switches offer an effective option for the delivery of dynamic bandwidth for future large-scale Datacom systems while maintaining scalable energy efficiency. The integration of a silicon photonics-based optical switching fabric within electronic Datacom architectures requires novel network topologies and arbitration strategies to effectively manage the active elements in the network. Here, we present a scalable software-defined networking control plane to integrate silicon photonic based switches with conventional Ethernet or InfiniBand networks. Our software-defined control plane manages both electronic packet switches and multiple silicon photonic switches for simultaneous packet and circuit switching. We built an experimental Dragonfly networkmore » testbed with 16 electronic packet switches and 2 silicon photonic switches to evaluate our control plane. Observed latencies occupied by each step of the switching procedure demonstrate a total of 344 microsecond control plane latency for data-center and high performance computing platforms.« less

Wavelet Packet Feature Assessment for High-Density Myoelectric Pattern Recognition and Channel Selection toward Stroke Rehabilitation.

PubMed

Wang, Dongqing; Zhang, Xu; Gao, Xiaoping; Chen, Xiang; Zhou, Ping

2016-01-01

This study presents wavelet packet feature assessment of neural control information in paretic upper limb muscles of stroke survivors for myoelectric pattern recognition, taking advantage of high-resolution time-frequency representations of surface electromyogram (EMG) signals. On this basis, a novel channel selection method was developed by combining the Fisher's class separability index and the sequential feedforward selection analyses, in order to determine a small number of appropriate EMG channels from original high-density EMG electrode array. The advantages of the wavelet packet features and the channel selection analyses were further illustrated by comparing with previous conventional approaches, in terms of classification performance when identifying 20 functional arm/hand movements implemented by 12 stroke survivors. This study offers a practical approach including paretic EMG feature extraction and channel selection that enables active myoelectric control of multiple degrees of freedom with paretic muscles. All these efforts will facilitate upper limb dexterity restoration and improved stroke rehabilitation.

[KIND Worksheet Packet: Wild Animals (Junior).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Association for Humane and Environmental Education, East Haddam, CT.

This packet is the junior part of a series of worksheet packets available at both junior (grades 3-4) and senior (grades 5-6) levels that covers a variety of humane and environmental topics. Each packet includes 10 worksheets, all of which originally appeared in past issues of the annual teaching magazine "KIND (Kids in Nature's Defense)…

[KIND Worksheet Packet: Wild Animals (Senior).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Association for Humane and Environmental Education, East Haddam, CT.

This packet is the senior part of a series of worksheet packets available at both junior (grades 3-4) and senior (grades 5-6) levels that covers a variety of humane and environmental topics. Each packet includes 10 worksheets, all of which originally appeared in past issues of the annual teaching magazine "KIND (Kids in Nature's Defense)…

Accounting Clerk Guide, Exercise and Worksheet Packet--Part I.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Foster, Brian; And Others

The exercise and worksheet packet is part of an eight volume unit for grades 10, 11, and 12, designed for individualized progression in preparing students for entry into the occupation of accounting clerk. The exercise and worksheet packet contains a copy of every worksheet in the learner packet for lessons 1 through 11 so that the instructor can…

106-17 Telemetry Standards Chapter 7 Packet Telemetry Downlink

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-07-31

Acronyms IP Internet Protocol IPv4 Internet Protocol, Version 4 IPv6 Internet Protocol, Version 6 LLP low-latency PTDP MAC media access control...o 4’b0101: PT Internet Protocol (IP) Packet o 4’b0110: PT Chapter 24 TmNSMessage Packet o 4’b0111 – 4’b1111: Reserved • Fragment (bits 17 – 16...packet is defined as a free -running 12-bit counter. The PT test counter packet shall consist of one 12-bit word and shall be encoded as one 24-bit

The Effect of Background Traffic Packet Size to VoIP Speech Quality

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Triyason, Tuul; Kanthamanon, Prasert; Warasup, Kittipong; Yamsaengsung, Siam; Supattatham, Montri

VoIP is gaining acceptance into the corporate world especially, in small and medium sized business that want to save cost for gaining advantage over their competitors. The good voice quality is one of challenging task in deployment plan because VoIP voice quality was affected by packet loss and jitter delay. In this paper, we study the effect of background traffic packet size to voice quality. The background traffic was generated by Bricks software and the speech quality was assessed by MOS. The obtained result shows an interesting relationship between the voice quality and the number of TCP packets and their size. With the same amount of data smaller packets affect the voice's quality more than the larger packet.

A model and simulation of fast space charge pulses in polymers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lv, Zepeng; Rowland, Simon M.; Wu, Kai

2017-11-01

The transport of space charge packets across polyethylene and epoxy resin in high electric fields has been characterized as fast or slow depending on packet mobility. Several explanations for the formation and transport of slow space charge packets have been proposed, but the origins of fast space charge pulses, with mobilities above 10-11 m2 V-1 s-1, are unclear. In one suggested model, it is assumed that the formation of fast charge pulses is due to discontinuous electromechanical compression and charge injection at the electrode-insulation interface, and their transport is related to corresponding relaxation processes. In that model, charges travel as a pulse because of group polarization. This paper provides an alternative model based on the reduction of charge carrier activation energy due to charge density triggered polymer chain movement and subsequent chain relaxation times. The generation and transport of fast charge pulses are readily simulated by a bipolar charge transport model with three additional parameters: reduced activation energy, charge density threshold, and chain relaxation time. Such a model is shown to reproduce key features of fast space charge pulses including speed, duration, repetition rate and pulse size. This model provides the basis for a deep understanding of the physical origins of fast space charge pulses in polymers.

Productive Partnerships: Pilot Program Brings Teachers and SPCA Together.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kukulka, Judi; Soltow, Willow

1984-01-01

A pilot program providing a comprehensive humane education curriculum is described. Packets containing instructional material on animal classification, pet care, wildlife, animal communication, and human activism are provided to teachers. In addition, school visits make it possible to demonstrate the activities, and motivate teachers to make…

Experience with the EURECA Packet Telemetry and Packet Telecommand system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sorensen, Erik Mose; Ferri, Paolo

1994-01-01

The European Retrieval Carrier (EURECA) was launched on its first flight on the 31st of July 1992 and retrieved on the 29th of June 1993. EURECA is characterized by several new on-board features, most notably Packet telemetry, and a partial implementation of packet telecommanding, the first ESA packetised spacecraft. Today more than one year after the retrieval the data from the EURECA mission has to a large extent been analysed and we can present some of the interesting results. This paper concentrates on the implementation and operational experience with the EURECA Packet Telemetry and Packet Telecommanding. We already discovered during the design of the ground system that the use of packet telemetry has major impact on the overall design and that processing of packet telemetry may have significant effect on the computer loading and sizing. During the mission a number of problems were identified with the on-board implementation resulting in very strange anomalous behaviors. Many of these problems directly violated basic assumptions for the design of the ground segment adding to the strange behavior. The paper shows that the design of a telemetry packet system should be flexible enough to allow a rapid configuration of the telemetry processing in order to adapt it to the new situation in case of an on-board failure. The experience gained with the EURECA mission control should be used to improve ground systems for future missions.

A Practical Terrestrial Packet Radio Network.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-11-01

12 Howard Frank, Israel Gitman and Richard Van Slyke , "Packet Radio System--Network Considerations," AFIPS Conference Proceedings, Anaheim, 1975...p, 1396. 33 Howard Frank, Israel Gitman and Richard Van Slyke, "Packet Radio System--Network Considerations," AFIPS...44, 1975 NCC, Anaheim, pp. 233-242. J 149 I : Frank, Howard, Israel Gitman and Richard Van Slyke, "Packet Radio System — Network

Precise Interval Timer for Software Defined Radio

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pozhidaev, Aleksey (Inventor)

2014-01-01

A precise digital fractional interval timer for software defined radios which vary their waveform on a packet-by-packet basis. The timer allows for variable length in the preamble of the RF packet and allows to adjust boundaries of the TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) Slots of the receiver of an SDR based on the reception of the RF packet of interest.

Work Hardening, Dislocation Structure, and Load Partitioning in Lath Martensite Determined by In Situ Neutron Diffraction Line Profile Analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harjo, Stefanus; Kawasaki, Takuro; Tomota, Yo; Gong, Wu; Aizawa, Kazuya; Tichy, Geza; Shi, Zengmin; Ungár, Tamas

2017-09-01

A lath martensite steel containing 0.22 mass pct carbon was analyzed in situ during tensile deformation by high-resolution time-of-flight neutron diffraction to clarify the large work-hardening behavior at the beginning of plastic deformation. The diffraction peaks in plastically deformed states exhibit asymmetries as the reflection of redistributions of the stress and dislocation densities/arrangements in two lath packets: soft packet, where the dislocation glides are favorable, and hard packet, where they are unfavorable. The dislocation density was as high as 1015 m-2 in the as-heat-treated state. During tensile straining, the load and dislocation density became different between the two lath packets. The dislocation character and arrangement varied in the hard packet but hardly changed in the soft packet. In the hard packet, dislocations that were mainly screw-type in the as-heat-treated state became primarily edge-type and rearranged towards a dipole character related to constructing cell walls. The hard packet played an important role in the work hardening in martensite, which could be understood by considering the increase in dislocation density along with the change in dislocation arrangement.

Filtering for networked control systems with single/multiple measurement packets subject to multiple-step measurement delays and multiple packet dropouts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moayedi, Maryam; Foo, Yung Kuan; Chai Soh, Yeng

2011-03-01

The minimum-variance filtering problem in networked control systems, where both random measurement transmission delays and packet dropouts may occur, is investigated in this article. Instead of following the many existing results that solve the problem by using probabilistic approaches based on the probabilities of the uncertainties occurring between the sensor and the filter, we propose a non-probabilistic approach by time-stamping the measurement packets. Both single-measurement and multiple measurement packets are studied. We also consider the case of burst arrivals, where more than one packet may arrive between the receiver's previous and current sampling times; the scenario where the control input is non-zero and subject to delays and packet dropouts is examined as well. It is shown that, in such a situation, the optimal state estimate would generally be dependent on the possible control input. Simulations are presented to demonstrate the performance of the various proposed filters.

Packet utilisation definitions for the ESA XMM mission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nye, H. R.

1994-01-01

XMM, ESA's X-Ray Multi-Mirror satellite, due for launch at the end of 1999 will be the first ESA scientific spacecraft to implement the ESA packet telecommand and telemetry standards and will be the first ESOC-controlled science mission to take advantage of the new flight control system infrastructure development (based on object-oriented design and distributed-system architecture) due for deployment in 1995. The implementation of the packet standards is well defined at packet transport level. However, the standard relevant to the application level (the ESA Packet Utilization Standard) covers a wide range of on-board 'services' applicable in varying degrees to the needs of XMM. In defining which parts of the ESA PUS to implement, the XMM project first considered the mission objectives and the derived operations concept and went on to identify a minimum set of packet definitions compatible with these aspects. This paper sets the scene as above and then describes the services needed for XMM and the telecommand and telemetry packet types necessary to support each service.

Estimating mental fatigue based on electroencephalogram and heart rate variability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Chong; Yu, Xiaolin

2010-01-01

The effects of long term mental arithmetic task on psychology are investigated by subjective self-reporting measures and action performance test. Based on electroencephalogram (EEG) and heart rate variability (HRV), the impacts of prolonged cognitive activity on central nervous system and autonomic nervous system are observed and analyzed. Wavelet packet parameters of EEG and power spectral indices of HRV are combined to estimate the change of mental fatigue. Then wavelet packet parameters of EEG which change significantly are extracted as the features of brain activity in different mental fatigue state, support vector machine (SVM) algorithm is applied to differentiate two mental fatigue states. The experimental results show that long term mental arithmetic task induces the mental fatigue. The wavelet packet parameters of EEG and power spectral indices of HRV are strongly correlated with mental fatigue. The predominant activity of autonomic nervous system of subjects turns to the sympathetic activity from parasympathetic activity after the task. Moreover, the slow waves of EEG increase, the fast waves of EEG and the degree of disorder of brain decrease compared with the pre-task. The SVM algorithm can effectively differentiate two mental fatigue states, which achieves the maximum classification accuracy (91%). The SVM algorithm could be a promising tool for the evaluation of mental fatigue. Fatigue, especially mental fatigue, is a common phenomenon in modern life, is a persistent occupational hazard for professional. Mental fatigue is usually accompanied with a sense of weariness, reduced alertness, and reduced mental performance, which would lead the accidents in life, decrease productivity in workplace and harm the health. Therefore, the evaluation of mental fatigue is important for the occupational risk protection, productivity, and occupational health.

Scattering of accelerated wave packets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Longhi, S.; Horsley, S. A. R.; Della Valle, G.

2018-03-01

Wave-packet scattering from a stationary potential is significantly modified when the wave packet is subject to an external time-dependent force during the interaction. In the semiclassical limit, wave-packet motion is simply described by Newtonian equations, and the external force can, for example, cancel the potential force, making a potential barrier transparent. Here we consider wave-packet scattering from reflectionless potentials, where in general the potential becomes reflective when probed by an accelerated wave packet. In the particular case of the recently introduced class of complex Kramers-Kronig potentials we show that a broad class of time-dependent forces can be applied without inducing any scattering, while there is a breakdown of the reflectionless property when there is a broadband distribution of initial particle momentum, involving both positive and negative components.

Analysis of the packet formation process in packet-switched networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meditch, J. S.

Two new queueing system models for the packet formation process in packet-switched telecommunication networks are developed, and their applications in process stability, performance analysis, and optimization studies are illustrated. The first, an M/M/1 queueing system characterization of the process, is a highly aggregated model which is useful for preliminary studies. The second, a marked extension of an earlier M/G/1 model, permits one to investigate stability, performance characteristics, and design of the packet formation process in terms of the details of processor architecture, and hardware and software implementations with processor structure and as many parameters as desired as variables. The two new models together with the earlier M/G/1 characterization span the spectrum of modeling complexity for the packet formation process from basic to advanced.

Detecting illegal intra-corporeal cocaine containers: Which factors influence their density?

PubMed

Platon, Alexandra; Herrera, Bruno; Becker, Minerva; Perneger, Thomas; Getaz, Laurent; Wolff, Hans; Lock, Eric; Rutschmann, Olivier; Poletti, Pierre-Alexandre

2018-05-30

To determine parameters related to hyperdensity (>40 HU) of intra-corporeal cocaine packets on low-dose CT (LDCT); hyperdensity increases detectability on abdominal radiographs. LDCT showing drug packets (n = 46) were analyzed for mean radiological density and packets volume. Following expulsion, packets weight and cocaine concentration were measured. Hypercompaction was defined as >0.9 g/cm 3 . Packets were hyperdense in 33 cases (72%). Mean compaction was 1.0 g/cm 3 , mean density 118.5 HU and mean cocaine concentration 44.2%. On multivariate analysis, only high compaction remained significantly related to hyperdensity (p = 0.001). Compaction >0.9 g/cm 3 is the only parameter significantly associated with hyperdense packets. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Combining multi-layered bitmap files using network specific hardware

DOEpatents

DuBois, David H [Los Alamos, NM; DuBois, Andrew J [Santa Fe, NM; Davenport, Carolyn Connor [Los Alamos, NM

2012-02-28

Images and video can be produced by compositing or alpha blending a group of image layers or video layers. Increasing resolution or the number of layers results in increased computational demands. As such, the available computational resources limit the images and videos that can be produced. A computational architecture in which the image layers are packetized and streamed through processors can be easily scaled so to handle many image layers and high resolutions. The image layers are packetized to produce packet streams. The packets in the streams are received, placed in queues, and processed. For alpha blending, ingress queues receive the packetized image layers which are then z sorted and sent to egress queues. The egress queue packets are alpha blended to produce an output image or video.

The exact thermal rotational spectrum of a two-dimensional rigid rotor obtained using Gaussian wave packet dynamics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reimers, J. R.; Heller, E. J.

1985-01-01

The exact thermal rotational spectrum of a two-dimensional rigid rotor is obtained using Gaussian wave packet dynamics. The spectrum is obtained by propagating, without approximation, infinite sets of Gaussian wave packets. These sets are constructed so that collectively they have the correct periodicity, and indeed, are coherent states appropriate to this problem. Also, simple, almost classical, approximations to full wave packet dynamics are shown to give results which are either exact or very nearly exact. Advantages of the use of Gaussian wave packet dynamics over conventional linear response theory are discussed.

Cool Sportswear

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1982-01-01

New athletic wear design based on the circulating liquid cooling system used in the astronaut's space suits, allows athletes to perform more strenuous activity without becoming overheated. Techni-Clothes gear incorporates packets containing a heat-absorbing gel that slips into an insulated pocket of the athletic garment and is positioned near parts of the body where heat transfer is most efficient. A gel packet is good for about one hour. Easily replaced from a supply of spares in an insulated container worn on the belt. The products, targeted primarily for runners and joggers and any other athlete whose performance may be affected by hot weather, include cooling headbands, wrist bands and running shorts with gel-pack pockets.

Combined guaranteed throughput and best effort network-on-chip

DOEpatents

Chen, Gregory K.; Anders, Mark A.; Kaul, Himanshu; Krishnamurthy, Ram K.; Stillmaker, Aaron T.

2018-05-22

A first packet-switched reservation request is received. Data associated with the first packet-switched reservation request is communicated through a first circuit-switched channel according to a best effort communication scheme. A second packet-switched reservation request is received. Data associated with the second packet-switched reservation request is communicated through a second circuit-switched channel according to a guaranteed throughput communication scheme.

Design, development, and evaluation of printed educational materials for evidence-based practice dissemination.

PubMed

Williams, Jessica R; Caceda-Castro, Lizbeth E; Dusablon, Tracy; Stipa, Melissa

2016-06-01

Printed educational materials (PEMs) are one of the most common dissemination strategies for communicating information about evidence-based practices (EBPs) to healthcare professionals and organizations; however, evidence is conflicting regarding the conditions and circumstances in which PEMs are effective in achieving desired outcomes. The effectiveness of PEMs is largely dependent on the manner in which they are developed. This article reports on the findings from a comprehensive review of the literature regarding best practices for creating PEMs for health professionals and illustrates how these practices were used to design, develop, and evaluate an informational packet to disseminate information about motivational interviewing. The informational packet was disseminated to 92 community health organizations not currently implementing motivational interviewing. Evaluation surveys were completed by 212 healthcare directors and providers to examine quality and perceived helpfulness of the packets, intention to use information from the packet, and sharing of the packet with others. Associations between these and individual and organizational characteristics were also assessed. Overall, the packet was perceived as appropriate and helpful in making a decision to implement motivational interviewing. For example, 84.9% of participants stated that the content was 'about right'. Three-quarters (75.9%) of participants reported plans to use the information in the packet and almost half (46.7%) reported talking about the packet with others in the organizations. Higher levels of baseline interest in motivational interviewing adoption were significantly related to packet use and wanting to utilize additional resources presented in the packet. Positive attitudes toward EBPs were also significantly related to the desire to obtain resources in the packet. Perceptions of the packet did not differ by type of community health organization (i.e., community health center, community behavioral health organization) or whether the individual was a director or provider. Results indicated that PEMs can be a useful tool to disseminate EBP information to healthcare professionals particularly if they have a prior interest in the EBP and have general attitudes supportive of EBPs. Recommendations for the improvement of future PEMs are discussed.

Correlates of Lifetime Physical Activity in Young Women

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wallace, Lorraine Silver

2003-01-01

This study retrospectively examined physical activity patterns across three specific age periods (childhood, teenage, and young adulthood) in a cross sectional sample of young Caucasian undergraduate women (N = 44). All women (mean age = 22.27 plus or minus 3.14 years) completed questionnaire packets assessing transtheoretical model of behavior…

Wisconsin K-12 Career Education Consortium. Final Project Performance Report. Volume I of Two Volumes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wisconsin State Dept. of Public Instruction, Madison.

To demonstrate career education methods and procedures, seven Wisconsin school districts were chosen to participate in an incremental improvement project. Project activities were conducted district-wide and by individual districts. District-wide dissemination activities involved promoting demonstration packets and assessment/evaluation (AE)…

Geo Events (March 12-13, 2002).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Turturice, Michael W.; Rothkopf, Stephen

In this teaching activity, students track and present information about specific regions in the world on a bi-weekly basis. Emphasis is placed on the five themes of geography to develop a working knowledge of assigned regions. Students use Microsoft Publisher and PowerPoint to create presentations. The activity packet contains several documents…

Pond and Stream Safari: A Guide to the Ecology of Aquatic Invertebrates.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Edelstein, Karen

This packet includes a leader's guide, a quick reference guide to aquatic invertebrates, a checklist of common aquatic invertebrates, and activity sheets. The leader's guide includes four sections on background information and seven activities. Background sections include: Understanding Aquatic Insects; Growing Up: Aquatic Insect Forms; Adapting…

Acid Precipitation Awareness Curriculum Materials in the Life Sciences.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stubbs, Harriett S.

1983-01-01

Provides an outline of course content for acid precipitation and two acid rain activities (introduction to pH and effects of acid rain on an organism). Information for obtaining 20 additional activities as well as an information packet containing booklets, pamphlets, and articles are also provided. (JN)

Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Classroom Activities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Texas State Dept. of Parks and Wildlife, Austin.

This packet provides information on the balance between the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker and modern forestry in Texas. A set of classroom activities about the Red-cockaded Woodpecker and its habitat for grades 3-6, and a booklet, a pamphlet, and a poster are featured. Sections of the booklet include: (1) "The Red-cockaded…

Life on Rocky Shores. Grades K-6.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New England Aquarium, Boston, MA.

Activities in the ecology of New England's tidepools are provided in this field trip guide for elementary school teachers. Resources, curriculum materials, and services are identified that are available through the New England Aquarium's Department of Education. This packet contains: (1) pre-trip activities (offering a vocabulary list,…

A Bernoulli Gaussian Watermark for Detecting Integrity Attacks in Control Systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Weerakkody, Sean; Ozel, Omur; Sinopoli, Bruno

We examine the merit of Bernoulli packet drops in actively detecting integrity attacks on control systems. The aim is to detect an adversary who delivers fake sensor measurements to a system operator in order to conceal their effect on the plant. Physical watermarks, or noisy additive Gaussian inputs, have been previously used to detect several classes of integrity attacks in control systems. In this paper, we consider the analysis and design of Gaussian physical watermarks in the presence of packet drops at the control input. On one hand, this enables analysis in a more general network setting. On the othermore » hand, we observe that in certain cases, Bernoulli packet drops can improve detection performance relative to a purely Gaussian watermark. This motivates the joint design of a Bernoulli-Gaussian watermark which incorporates both an additive Gaussian input and a Bernoulli drop process. We characterize the effect of such a watermark on system performance as well as attack detectability in two separate design scenarios. Here, we consider a correlation detector for attack recognition. We then propose efficiently solvable optimization problems to intelligently select parameters of the Gaussian input and the Bernoulli drop process while addressing security and performance trade-offs. Finally, we provide numerical results which illustrate that a watermark with packet drops can indeed outperform a Gaussian watermark.« less

Environment Resource Packets Get Wide Use

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chemical and Engineering News, 1974

1974-01-01

Announces the availability of the resource packet entitled "Noise Pollution," the third in the series prepared by the University of Maryland, and the main topics which will be covered in the remaining three packets. (CC)

PULSAR SIGNAL DENOISING METHOD BASED ON LAPLACE DISTRIBUTION IN NO-SUBSAMPLING WAVELET PACKET DOMAIN

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wenbo, Wang; Yanchao, Zhao; Xiangli, Wang

2016-11-01

In order to improve the denoising effect of the pulsar signal, a new denoising method is proposed in the no-subsampling wavelet packet domain based on the local Laplace prior model. First, we count the true noise-free pulsar signal’s wavelet packet coefficient distribution characteristics and construct the true signal wavelet packet coefficients’ Laplace probability density function model. Then, we estimate the denosied wavelet packet coefficients by using the noisy pulsar wavelet coefficients based on maximum a posteriori criteria. Finally, we obtain the denoisied pulsar signal through no-subsampling wavelet packet reconstruction of the estimated coefficients. The experimental results show that the proposed method performs better when calculating the pulsar time of arrival than the translation-invariant wavelet denoising method.

Magnetic helicity conservation and inverse energy cascade in electron magnetohydrodynamic wave packets.

PubMed

Cho, Jungyeon

2011-05-13

Electron magnetohydrodynamics (EMHD) provides a fluidlike description of small-scale magnetized plasmas. An EMHD wave propagates along magnetic field lines. The direction of propagation can be either parallel or antiparallel to the magnetic field lines. We numerically study propagation of three-dimensional (3D) EMHD wave packets moving in one direction. We obtain two major results. (1) Unlike its magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) counterpart, an EMHD wave packet is dispersive. Because of this, EMHD wave packets traveling in one direction create opposite-traveling wave packets via self-interaction and cascade energy to smaller scales. (2) EMHD wave packets traveling in one direction clearly exhibit inverse energy cascade. We find that the latter is due to conservation of magnetic helicity. We compare inverse energy cascade in 3D EMHD turbulence and two-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic turbulence.

Interception and modification of network authentication packets with the purpose of allowing alternative authentication modes

DOEpatents

Kent, Alexander Dale [Los Alamos, NM

2008-09-02

Methods and systems in a data/computer network for authenticating identifying data transmitted from a client to a server through use of a gateway interface system which are communicately coupled to each other are disclosed. An authentication packet transmitted from a client to a server of the data network is intercepted by the interface, wherein the authentication packet is encrypted with a one-time password for transmission from the client to the server. The one-time password associated with the authentication packet can be verified utilizing a one-time password token system. The authentication packet can then be modified for acceptance by the server, wherein the response packet generated by the server is thereafter intercepted, verified and modified for transmission back to the client in a similar but reverse process.

Spatial control of recollision wave packets with attosecond precision.

PubMed

Kitzler, Markus; Lezius, Matthias

2005-12-16

We propose orthogonally polarized two-color laser pulses to steer tunneling electrons with attosecond precision around the ion core. We numerically demonstrate that the angles of birth and recollision, the recollision energy, and the temporal structure of the recolliding wave packet can be controlled without stabilization of the carrier-envelope phase of the laser, and that the wave packet's properties can be described by classical relations for a point charge. This establishes unique mapping between parameters of the laser field and attributes of the recolliding wave packet. The method is capable of probing ionic wave packet dynamics with attosecond resolution from an adjustable direction and might be used as an alternative to aligning molecules. Shaping the properties of the recollision wave packet by controlling the laser field may also provide new routes for improvement of attosecond pulse generation via high harmonic radiation.

Frequency Count Attribute Oriented Induction of Corporate Network Data for Mapping Business Activity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tanutama, Lukas

2014-03-01

Companies increasingly rely on Internet for effective and efficient business communication. As Information Technology infrastructure backbone for business activities, corporate network connects the company to Internet and enables its activities globally. It carries data packets generated by the activities of the users performing their business tasks. Traditionally, infrastructure operations mainly maintain data carrying capacity and network devices performance. It would be advantageous if a company knows what activities are running in its network. The research provides a simple method of mapping the business activity reflected by the network data. To map corporate users' activities, a slightly modified Attribute Oriented Induction (AOI) approach to mine the network data was applied. The frequency of each protocol invoked were counted to show what the user intended to do. The collected data was samples taken within a certain sampling period. Samples were taken due to the enormous data packets generated. Protocols of interest are only Internet related while intranet protocols are ignored. It can be concluded that the method could provide the management a general overview of the usage of its infrastructure and lead to efficient, effective and secure ICT infrastructure.

Enabling Secure High-Performance Wireless Ad Hoc Networking

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-05-29

destinations, consuming energy and available bandwidth. An attacker may similarly create a routing black hole, in which all packets are dropped: by sending...of the vertex cut, for example by forwarding only routing packets and not data packets, such that the nodes waste energy forwarding packets to the...with limited resources, including network bandwidth and the CPU processing capacity, memory, and battery power ( energy ) of each individual node in the

Space-Time Processing for Tactical Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-08-01

vision for multiple concurrent communication settings, i.e., a many-to-many framework where multi-packet transmissions (MPTs) and multi-packet...modelling framework of capacity-delay tradeoffs We have introduced the first unified modeling framework for the computation of fundamental limits o We...dalities in wireless n twor i-packet modelling framework to account for the use of m lti-packet reception (MPR) f ad hoc networks with MPT under

Design of an All-Optical Network Based on LCoS Technologies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheng, Yuh-Jiuh; Shiau, Yhi

2016-06-01

In this paper, an all-optical network composed of the ROADMs (reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer), L2/L3 optical packet switches, and the fiber optical cross-connection for fiber scheduling and measurement based on LCoS (liquid crystal on silicon) technologies is proposed. The L2/L3 optical packet switches are designed with optical output buffers. Only the header of optical packets is converted to electronic signals to control the wavelength of input ports and the packet payloads can be transparently destined to their output ports. An optical output buffer is designed to queue the packets when more than one incoming packet should reach to the same destination output port. For preserving service-packet sequencing and fairness of routing sequence, a priority scheme and a round-robin algorithm are adopted at the optical output buffer. The wavelength of input ports is designed for routing incoming packets using LCoS technologies. Finally, the proposed OFS (optical flow switch) with input buffers can quickly transfer the big data to the output ports and the main purpose of the OFS is to reduce the number of wavelength reflections. The all-optical content delivery network is comprised of the OFSs for a large amount of audio and video data transmissions in the future.

The impact of neighboring infection on the computer virus spread in packets on scale-free networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lazfi, S.; Lamzabi, S.; Rachadi, A.; Ez-Zahraouy, H.

2017-12-01

In this paper, we introduce the effect of neighbors on the infection of packets by computer virus in the SI and SIR models using the minimal traffic routing protocol. We have applied this model to the Barabasi-Albert network to determine how intrasite and extrasite infection rates affect virus propagation through the traffic flow of information packets in both the free-flow and the congested phases. The numerical results show that when we change the intrasite infection rate λ1 while keeping constant the extrasite infection rate λ2, we get normal behavior in the congested phase: in the network, the proportion of infected packets increases to reach a peak and then decreases resulting in a simultaneous increase of the recovered packets. In contrast, when the intrasite infection rate λ1 is kept fixed, an increase of the extrasite infection rate results in two regimes: The first one is characterized by an increase of the proportion of infected packets until reaching some peak value and then decreases smoothly. The second regime is characterized by an increase of infected packets to some stationary value.

TCP Packet Trace Analysis. M.S. Thesis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shepard, Timothy J.

1991-01-01

Examination of a trace of packets collected from the network is often the only method available for diagnosing protocol performance problems in computer networks. This thesis explores the use of packet traces to diagnose performance problems of the transport protocol TCP. Unfortunately, manual examination of these traces can be so tedious that effective analysis is not possible. The primary contribution of this thesis is a graphical method of displaying the packet trace which greatly reduce, the tediousness of examining a packet trace. The graphical method is demonstrated by the examination of some packet traces of typical TCP connections. The performance of two different implementations of TCP sending data across a particular network path is compared. Traces many thousands of packets long are used to demonstrate how effectively the graphical method simplifies examination of long complicated traces. In the comparison of the two TCP implementations, the burstiness of the TCP transmitter appeared to be related to the achieved throughput. A method of quantifying this burstiness is presented and its possible relevance to understanding the performance of TCP is discussed.

Clicks, whistles and pulses: Passive and active signal use in dolphin communication

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Herzing, Denise L.

2014-12-01

The search for signals out of noise is a problem not only with radio signals from the sky but in the study of animal communication. Dolphins use multiple modalities to communicate including body postures, touch, vision, and most elaborately sound. Like SETI radio signal searches, dolphin sound analysis includes the detection, recognition, analysis, and interpretation of signals. Dolphins use both passive listening and active production to communicate. Dolphins use three main types of acoustic signals: frequency modulated whistles (narrowband with harmonics), echolocation (broadband clicks) and burst pulsed sounds (packets of closely spaced broadband clicks). Dolphin sound analysis has focused on frequency-modulated whistles, yet the most commonly used signals are burst-pulsed sounds which, due to their graded and overlapping nature and bimodal inter-click interval (ICI) rates are hard to categorize. We will look at: 1) the mechanism of sound production and categories of sound types, 2) sound analysis techniques and information content, and 3) examples of lessons learned in the study of dolphin acoustics. The goal of this paper is to provide perspective on how animal communication studies might provide insight to both passive and active SETI in the larger context of searching for life signatures.

Alfvénic wave packets collision in a kinetic plasma

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pezzi, Oreste; Parashar, Tulasi N.; Servidio, Sergio; Valentini, Francesco; Malara, Francesco; Matthaeus, William H.; Veltri, Pierluigi

2016-04-01

The problem of two colliding and counter-propagating Alfvénic wave packets has been investigated in detail since the late Seventies. In particular Moffatt [1] and Parker [2] showed that, in the framework of the incompressible magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), nonlinear interactions can develop only during the overlapping of the two packets. Here we describe a similar problem in the framework of the kinetic physics. The collision of two quasi-Alfvénic packets has been analyzed by means of MHD, Hall-MHD and kinetic simulations performed with two different hybrid codes: a PIC code [3] and a Vlasov-Maxwell code [4]. Due to the huge computational cost, only a 2D-3V phase space is allowed (two dimensions in the physical space, three dimensions in the velocity space). Preliminary results suggest that, as well as in the MHD case, the most relevant nonlinear effects occur during the overlapping of the two packets. For both the PIC and Vlasov cases, strong temperature anisotropies are present during the evolution of the wave packets. Moreover, due to the absence of numerical noise, Vlasov simulations show that the collision of the counter-propagating solitary waves produces a significant beam in the velocity distribution functions [5], which, instead, cannot be appreciated in PIC simulations. We remark that, beyond the interest of studying a well-known MHD problem in the realm of the kinetic physics, our results allows also to compare different numerical codes. [1] H.K. Moffatt, Field generation in electrically conducting fluids (Cambridge University Press, 1978). [2] E.N. Parker, Cosmical magnetic fields: their origin and their activity (Oxford University Press, 1979). [3] T.N. Parashar, M.A. Shay, P.A. Cassak and W.H. Matthaeus, Physics of Plasmas 16, 032310 (2009). [4] F. Valentini, P. Trávníček, F. Califano, P. Hellinger & A. Mangeney, Journal of Computational Physics 225, 753-770 (2007). [5] J. He, C. Tu, E. Marsch, C.H. Chen, L. Wang, Z. Pei, L. Zhang, C.S. Salem and S.D. Bale, The Astrophysical Journal Letters 813, L30 (2015).

Collisions of two Alfvénic wave packets in a kinetic plasma

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pezzi, O.; Servidio, S.; Valentini, F.; Parashar, T.; Malara, F.; Matthaeus, W. H.; Veltri, P.

2016-12-01

The problem of two colliding and counter-propagating Alfvénic wave packets has been investigated in detail since the late Seventies. In particular Moffatt [1] and Parker [2] showed that, in the framework of the incompressible magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), nonlinear interactions can develop only during the overlapping of the two packets. Here we describe a similar problem in the framework of the kinetic physics. The collision of two quasi-Alfvénic packets has been analyzed by means of MHD, Hall-MHD and kinetic simulations performed with two different hybrid codes: a PIC code [3] and a Vlasov-Maxwell code [4]. Due to the huge computational cost, only a 2D-3V phase space is allowed (two dimensions in the physical space, three dimensions in the velocity space). Preliminary results suggest that, as well as in the MHD case, the most relevant nonlinear effects occur during the overlapping of the two packets. For both the PIC and Vlasov cases, strong temperature anisotropies are present during the evolution of the wave packets. Moreover, due to the absence of numerical noise, Vlasov simulations show that the collision of the counter-propagating solitary waves produces a significant beam in the velocity distribution functions [5], which, instead, cannot be appreciated in PIC simulations. We remark that, beyond the interest of studying a well-known MHD problem in the realm of the kinetic physics, our results allows also to compare different numerical codes. [1] H.K. Moffatt, Field generation in electrically conducting fluids (Cambridge University Press, 1978). [2] E.N. Parker, Cosmical magnetic fields: their origin and their activity (Oxford University Press, 1979). [3] T.N. Parashar, M.A. Shay, P.A. Cassak and W.H. Matthaeus, Physics of Plasmas 16, 032310 (2009). [4] F. Valentini, P. Trávníček, F. Califano, P. Hellinger & A. Mangeney, Journal of Computational Physics 225, 753-770 (2007). [5] J. He, C. Tu, E. Marsch, C.H. Chen, L. Wang, Z. Pei, L. Zhang, C.S. Salem and S.D. Bale, The Astrophysical Journal Letters 813, L30 (2015).

The ESA standard for telemetry and telecommand packet utilisation: PUS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kaufeler, Jean-Francois

1994-01-01

ESA has developed standards for packet telemetry and telecommand, which are derived from the recommendations of the Inter-Agency Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS). These standards are now mandatory for future ESA programs as well as for many programs currently under development. However, while these packet standards address the end-to-end transfer of telemetry and telecommand data between applications on the ground and Application Processes on-board, they leave open the internal structure or content of the packets. This paper presents the ESA Packet Utilization Standard (PUS) which addresses this very subject and, as such, serves to extend and complement the ESA packet standards. The goal of the PUS is to be applicable to future ESA missions in all application areas (Telecommunications, Science, Earth Resources, microgravity, etc.). The production of the PUS falls under the responsibility of the ESA Committee for Operations and EGSE Standards (COES).

Test particle simulation study of whistler wave packets observed near Comet Giacobini-Zinner

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaya, N.; Matsumoto, H.; Tsurutani, B. T.

1989-01-01

Nonlinear interactions of water group ions with large-amplitude whistler wave packets detected at the leading edge of steepened magnetosonic waves observed near Comet Giacobini-Zinner (GZ) are studied using test particle simulations of water-ion interactions with a model wave based on GZ data. Some of the water ions are found to be decelerated in the steepened portion of the magnetosonic wave to the resonance velocity with the whistler wave packets. Through resonance and related nonlinear interaction with the large-amplitude whistler waves, the water ions become trapped by the packet. An energy balance calculation demonstrates that the trapped ions lose their kinetic energy during the trapped motion in the packet. Thus, the nonlinear trapping motion in the wave structure leads to effective energy transfer from the water group ions to the whistler wave packets in the leading edge of the steepened MHD waves.

An efficient and reliable geographic routing protocol based on partial network coding for underwater sensor networks.

PubMed

Hao, Kun; Jin, Zhigang; Shen, Haifeng; Wang, Ying

2015-05-28

Efficient routing protocols for data packet delivery are crucial to underwater sensor networks (UWSNs). However, communication in UWSNs is a challenging task because of the characteristics of the acoustic channel. Network coding is a promising technique for efficient data packet delivery thanks to the broadcast nature of acoustic channels and the relatively high computation capabilities of the sensor nodes. In this work, we present GPNC, a novel geographic routing protocol for UWSNs that incorporates partial network coding to encode data packets and uses sensor nodes' location information to greedily forward data packets to sink nodes. GPNC can effectively reduce network delays and retransmissions of redundant packets causing additional network energy consumption. Simulation results show that GPNC can significantly improve network throughput and packet delivery ratio, while reducing energy consumption and network latency when compared with other routing protocols.

Theory for low-frequency modulated Langmuir wave packets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cairns, Iver H.; Robinson, P. A.

1992-01-01

Langmuir wave packets with low frequency modulations (or beats) observed in the Jovian foreshock are argued to be direct evidence for the Langmuir wave decay L yields L-prime + S. In this decay, 'pump' Langmuir waves L, driven by an electron beam, produce backscattered product Langmuir waves L-prime and ion sound waves S. The L and L-prime waves beat at the frequency and wavevector of the S waves, thereby modulating the wave packets. Beam speeds calculated using the modulated Jovian wave packets (1) are reasonable, at 4-10 times the electron thermal speed, (2) are consistent with theoretical limits on the decay process, and (3) decrease with increasing foreshock depth, as expected theoretically. These results strongly support the theory. The modulation depth of some wave packets suggests saturation by the decay L yields L-prime + S. Applications to modulated Langmuir packets in the Venusian and terrestrial foreshocks and in a type III radio source are proposed.

On-board B-ISDN fast packet switching architectures. Phase 2: Development. Proof-of-concept architecture definition report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shyy, Dong-Jye; Redman, Wayne

1993-01-01

For the next-generation packet switched communications satellite system with onboard processing and spot-beam operation, a reliable onboard fast packet switch is essential to route packets from different uplink beams to different downlink beams. The rapid emergence of point-to-point services such as video distribution, and the large demand for video conference, distributed data processing, and network management makes the multicast function essential to a fast packet switch (FPS). The satellite's inherent broadcast features gives the satellite network an advantage over the terrestrial network in providing multicast services. This report evaluates alternate multicast FPS architectures for onboard baseband switching applications and selects a candidate for subsequent breadboard development. Architecture evaluation and selection will be based on the study performed in phase 1, 'Onboard B-ISDN Fast Packet Switching Architectures', and other switch architectures which have become commercially available as large scale integration (LSI) devices.

Dispatching packets on a global combining network of a parallel computer

DOEpatents

Almasi, Gheorghe [Ardsley, NY; Archer, Charles J [Rochester, MN

2011-07-19

Methods, apparatus, and products are disclosed for dispatching packets on a global combining network of a parallel computer comprising a plurality of nodes connected for data communications using the network capable of performing collective operations and point to point operations that include: receiving, by an origin system messaging module on an origin node from an origin application messaging module on the origin node, a storage identifier and an operation identifier, the storage identifier specifying storage containing an application message for transmission to a target node, and the operation identifier specifying a message passing operation; packetizing, by the origin system messaging module, the application message into network packets for transmission to the target node, each network packet specifying the operation identifier and an operation type for the message passing operation specified by the operation identifier; and transmitting, by the origin system messaging module, the network packets to the target node.

Does the hand that controls the cigarette packet rule the smoker? Findings from ethnographic interviews with smokers in Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom and the USA.

PubMed

Bell, Kirsten; Dennis, Simone; Robinson, Jude; Moore, Roland

2015-10-01

Throughout the twentieth century, packaging was a carefully cultivated element of the appeal of the cigarette. However, the tobacco industry's control over cigarette packaging has been steadily eroded through legislation that aims to rebrand the packet from a desirable to a dangerous commodity-epitomized in Australia's introduction of plain packaging in 2012. Evident in both the enactment of cigarette packaging legislation and industry efforts to overturn it is the assumption that packets do things-i.e. that they have a critical role to play in either promoting or discouraging the habit. Drawing on 175 ethnographic interviews conducted with people smoking in public spaces in Vancouver, Canada; Canberra, Australia; Liverpool, England; and San Francisco, USA, we produce a 'thick description' of smokers' engagements with cigarette packets. We illustrate that despite the very different types of cigarette packaging legislation in place in the four countries, there are marked similarities in the ways smokers engage with their packets. In particular, they are not treated as a purely visual sign; instead, a primary means through which one's own cigarette packet is apprehended is by touch rather than by sight. Smokers perceive cigarette packets largely through the operations of their hands-through their 'handiness'. Thus, our study findings problematize the assumption that how smokers engage with packets when asked to do so on a purely intellectual or aesthetic level reflects how they engage with packets as they are enfolded into their everyday lives. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

A robust coding scheme for packet video

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chen, Y. C.; Sayood, Khalid; Nelson, D. J.

1991-01-01

We present a layered packet video coding algorithm based on a progressive transmission scheme. The algorithm provides good compression and can handle significant packet loss with graceful degradation in the reconstruction sequence. Simulation results for various conditions are presented.

A robust coding scheme for packet video

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chen, Yun-Chung; Sayood, Khalid; Nelson, Don J.

1992-01-01

A layered packet video coding algorithm based on a progressive transmission scheme is presented. The algorithm provides good compression and can handle significant packet loss with graceful degradation in the reconstruction sequence. Simulation results for various conditions are presented.

A scheme for synchronizing clocks connected by a packet communication network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

dos Santos, R. V.; Monteiro, L. H. A.

2012-07-01

Consider a communication system in which a transmitter equipment sends fixed-size packets of data at a uniform rate to a receiver equipment. Consider also that these equipments are connected by a packet-switched network, which introduces a random delay to each packet. Here we propose an adaptive clock recovery scheme able of synchronizing the frequencies and the phases of these devices, within specified limits of precision. This scheme for achieving frequency and phase synchronization is based on measurements of the packet arrival times at the receiver, which are used to control the dynamics of a digital phase-locked loop. The scheme performance is evaluated via numerical simulations performed by using realistic parameter values.

Ingestion of Laundry Detergent Packets in Children.

PubMed

Shah, Lindsey Wilson

2016-08-01

Ingestion of laundry detergent packets is an important threat to young children. Because of their developmental stage, toddlers are prone to place these small, colorful packets in their mouths. The packets can easily burst, sending a large volume of viscous, alkaline liquid throughout the oropharynx. Ingestion causes major toxic effects, including depression of the central nervous system, metabolic acidosis, respiratory distress, and dysphagia. Critical care nurses should anticipate these clinical effects and facilitate prompt intervention. Increased understanding of the risks and clinical effects of ingestion of laundry detergent packets will better prepare critical care nurses to provide care for these children. (Critical Care Nurse 2016; 36[4]:70-75). ©2016 American Association of Critical-Care Nurses.

Junior Achievement Lesson Plans and Activity Ideas, 1997-98.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Junior Achievemnt, Inc., Colorado Springs, CO.

This packet contains economics lesson plans and activities for the high school student. Detailed lesson plans and worksheets address the following concepts: (1) stock market; (2) economics of water; (3) diaper economics; (4) quality; (5) scarcity; (6) steps to success; (7) effective marketing; (8) careers and success; (9) interviewing tips and…

Wind in the Willows--Theatre Activity Packet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New York City Board of Education, Brooklyn, NY. Div. of Curriculum and Instruction.

Part of the New York City Board of Education's Early Stages program, and intended for elementary and secondary school teachers who wish to include a unit on theater in their classes, this guide offers suggestions for lessons and activities to accompany viewing a performance of "Wind in the Willows" at the Nederlander Theater. Part one of…

Aerospace for the Very Young.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

2003

This packet includes games and activities concerning aerospace education for the very young. It is designed to develop and strengthen basic concepts and skills in a non-threatening atmosphere of fun. Activities include: (1) "The Sun, Our Nearest Star"; (2) "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star, How I Wonder Where You Are"; (3) "Shadows"; (4) "The Earth…

Suggestions, Resources and Activities for Teaching about Japan.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomas, Paul F.

This teacher resource packet contains a total of 28 modules for teaching about Japan at the elementary and secondary level. Activities on the Japanese family appropriate for grade 1 focus on similarities and differences, family size, family needs, and family roles. Grade 2 lessons look at the school, neighborhood, roles of children in the…

Cultural Reflections: Work, Politics and Daily Life in Geramny. Social Studies Lessons.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blankenship, Glen; Tinkler, D. William

This curriculum packet, designed for high school students, contains student activities that focus on worker training and apprenticeship programs, structure of the school system, family income, leisure time activities, structure of the federal government, and social programs/health care. The three lessons may be used individually via integration…

Materials and Techniques for Teaching the Esperanto Language in the Elementary Grades [and] 1996 Packet for Teachers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, Kent

Materials presented here include a variety of resources for teachers of Esperanto: a brief guide to Esperanto teaching, including suggested teacher qualifications, a listing of instructional materials and resources, including serials, with details of publication, activities in preparation for teaching, grade-level class activities, notes on…

Creativity: A Saleable Work Skill. Occupation Simulation Packet. Grades 3rd-4th.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dye, Dick

This teacher's guide for grades 3 and 4 contains simulated work experiences for students using the isolated skill concept - creativity. Teacher instructions include objectives, evaluation, and sequence of activities. The guide contains pre-tests and post-tests with instructions and answer keys. Two pre-skill activities are suggested, such as…

Active Traffic Capture for Network Forensics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Slaviero, Marco; Granova, Anna; Olivier, Martin

Network traffic capture is an integral part of network forensics, but current traffic capture techniques are typically passive in nature. Under heavy loads, it is possible for a sniffer to miss packets, which affects the quality of forensic evidence.

How Create an Astronomy Outreach Program to Bring Astronomy to Thousands of People at Outdoor Concerts Astronomy Festivals, or Tourist Sites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lubowich, Donald

2015-08-01

I describe how to create an astronomy program for thousands of people at outdoor concerts based on my $308,000 NASA-funded Music and Astronomy Under the Stars (MAUS) program (60 events 2009 - 2013), and the Astronomy Festival on the National Mall (AFNM, 10,000 people/yr).MAUS reached 50,000 music lovers at local parks and at the Central Park Jazz, Newport Folk, Ravinia, or Tanglewood Music Festivals with classical, folk, pop/rock, opera, Caribbean, or county-western concerts assisted by astronomy clubs. Yo-Yo-Ma, the Chicago and Boston Symphony Orchestras, Ravi Coltrane, Esperanza Spalding, Phish, Blood Sweat and Tears, Deep Purple, Tony Orlando, and Wilco performed at these events. AFNM was started in 2010 with co-sponsorship by the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. MAUS and AFMN combine solar, optical, and radio telescope observations; large posters/banners; hands-on activities, imaging with a cell phone mount; citizen science activities; hand-outs; and teacher info packet. Representatives from scientific institutions participated. Tyco Brahe, Johannes Kepler, and Caroline Herschel made guest appearances.MAUS reached underserved groups and attracted large crowds. Young kids participated in this family learning experience-often the first time they looked through a telescope. While < 50% of the participants took part in a science activity in the past year, they found MAUS enjoyable and understandable; learned about astronomy; wanted to learn more; and increased their interest in science (ave. rating 3.6/4). MAUS is effective in promoting science education!Lessons learned: plan early; create partnerships with parks, concert organizers, and astronomy clubs; test equipment; have backup equipment; create professional displays; select the best location to obtain a largest number of participants; use social media/www sites to promote the events; use many telescopes for multiple targets; project a live image or video; select equipment that is easy to use, store, set-up, and take down; use hands-on astronomy activities; position the displays for maximum visibility (they are teachable moments); have educator hand-outs, show citizen science projects, promote astronomy clubs and science museums.

Event-Driven Simulation and Analysis of an Underwater Acoustic Local Area Network

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-06-01

Successful number of data packets % b. PSUP = Successful number of Utility packets % c. PSB = Successful number of byte Tx. % d. PSPRT = Number of sub...g. PFU = Number of failed utilities Tx failures with time log of failure % h. PTO = Number of Time-outs 55 function [PSDP,PSUP, PSB ,PSPRT,PFP,PFSP...transmitted PSB = 0 ; % Number of Bytes transmitted PSPRT = 0; % Number of sub-packets retransmitted PFP = 0; % Number of failed packets event PFSP

Fast packet switch architectures for broadband integrated services digital networks

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tobagi, Fouad A.

1990-01-01

Background information on networking and switching is provided, and the various architectures that have been considered for fast packet switches are described. The focus is solely on switches designed to be implemented electronically. A set of definitions and a brief description of the functionality required of fast packet switches are given. Three basic types of packet switches are identified: the shared-memory, shared-medium, and space-division types. Each of these is described, and examples are given.

Identification of Low-Latency Obfuscated Traffic Using Multi-Attribute Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-03-01

the distribution of common Tor packet sizes. Herrmann et al. also contend that the remaining variations in observed packet sizes are caused by OS...specific fragmentation and that Tor’s variation in packet size provides an additional level of protection as the false positive rate (FPR) using packet...three pre-filter variations , the observed FPR for non-Tor ranged from 94.4 percent to 7.2 percent, and the observed FNR for Tor ranged from 61.3

"Ms. B changes doctors": using a comic and patient transition packet to engineer patient-oriented clinic handoffs (EPOCH).

PubMed

Pincavage, Amber T; Lee, Wei Wei; Venable, Laura Ruth; Prochaska, Megan; Staisiunas, Daina D; Beiting, Kimberly J; Czerweic, M K; Oyler, Julie; Vinci, Lisa M; Arora, Vineet M

2015-02-01

Few patient-centered interventions exist to improve year-end residency clinic handoffs. Our purpose was to assess the impact of a patient-centered transition packet and comic on clinic handoff outcomes. The study was conducted at an academic medicine residency clinic. Participants were patients undergoing resident clinic handoff 2011-2013 PROGRAM DESCRIPTION: Two months before the 2012 handoff, patients received a "transition packet" incorporating patient-identified solutions (i.e., a new primary care provider (PCP) welcome letter with photo, certificate of recognition, and visit preparation tool). In 2013, a comic was incorporated to stress the importance of follow-up. Patients were interviewed by phone with response rates of 32 % in 2011, 43 % in 2012 and 36 % in 2013. Most patients who were interviewed were aware of the handoff post-packet (95 %). With the comic, more patients recalled receiving the packet (44 % 2012 vs. 64 % 2013, p< 0.001) and correctly identified their new PCP (77 % 2012 vs. 98 % 2013, p< 0.001). Among patients recalling the packet, most (70 % 2012; 65 % 2013) agreed it helped them establish rapport. Both years, fewer patients missed their first new PCP visit (43 % in 2011, 31 % in 2012 and 26 % in 2013, p< 0.001). A patient-centered transition packet helped prepare patients for clinic handoffs. The comic was associated with increased packet recall and improved follow-up rates.

A packet-based dual-rate PID control strategy for a slow-rate sensing Networked Control System.

PubMed

Cuenca, A; Alcaina, J; Salt, J; Casanova, V; Pizá, R

2018-05-01

This paper introduces a packet-based dual-rate control strategy to face time-varying network-induced delays, packet dropouts and packet disorder in a Networked Control System. Slow-rate sensing enables to achieve energy saving and to avoid packet disorder. Fast-rate actuation makes reaching the desired control performance possible. The dual-rate PID controller is split into two parts: a slow-rate PI controller located at the remote side (with no permanent communication to the plant) and a fast-rate PD controller located at the local side. The remote side also includes a prediction stage in order to generate the packet of future, estimated slow-rate control actions. These actions are sent to the local side and converted to fast-rate ones to be used when a packet does not arrive at this side due to the network-induced delay or due to occurring dropouts. The proposed control solution is able to approximately reach the nominal (no-delay, no-dropout) performance despite the existence of time-varying delays and packet dropouts. Control system stability is ensured in terms of probabilistic Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs). Via real-time control for a Cartesian robot, results clearly reveal the superiority of the control solution compared to a previous proposal by authors. Copyright © 2018 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Simultaneous existence of different enviroments in aqueous clay systems and its possible role in prebiotic synthesis.

PubMed

Lahav, N

1975-08-05

The formation of packets of parallel oriented platelets and separating distances of several angstrom units in montmorillonite-water systems produces an intrinsic inhomogeneity with respect to the proton donating power of internal and external zones. Stable packets can be induced by both inorganic and organic molecules or ions, in suspensions or in drying-out systems. The coexistence of zones with different proton donating power was demonstrated by the pH-sensitive color reaction of benzidine, where stable packets of montmorillonite platelets were formed by the use of either paraquat or diquat. The close proximity of the two types of zones, which can be of the order of several angstroms, produces the conditions which were defined by Katchalsky as essential for the polymerization of amino acids. Since these enviromental conditions are quite common in nature, both at present and in prebiotic times, it is proposed that the inhomogeneity of clay-water systems with respect to proton donating power should be taken into account in both theoretical and experimental efforts to demonstrate the catalytic activity of clays in prebiotic synthesis.

GREEN + IDMaps: A practical soulution for ensuring fairness in a biased internet

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kapadia, A. C.; Thulasidasan, S.; Feng, W. C.

2002-01-01

GREEN is a proactive queue-management (PQM) algorithm that removes TCP's bias against connections with longer round-trip times, while maintaining high link utilization and low packet-loss. GREEN applies knowledge of the steady-state behavior of TCP connections to proactively drop packets, thus preventing congestion from ever occurring. As a result, GREEN ensures much higher fairness between flows than other active queue management schemes like Flow Random Early Drop (FRED) and Stochastic Fair Blue (SFB), which suffer in topologies where a large number of flows have widely varying round-trip times. GREEN'S performance relies on its ability to gauge a flow's round-trip time (RTT).more » In previous work, we presented results for an ideal GREEN router which has accurate RTT information for a flow. In this paper, we present a practical solution based on IDMaps, an Internet distance-estimation service, and compare its performance to an ideal GREEN router. We show that a solution based on IDMaps is practical and maintains high fairness and link utilization, and low packet-loss rates.« less

An experimental study of the wall-pressure fluctuations beneath low Reynolds number turbulent boundary layers.

PubMed

Van Blitterswyk, Jared; Rocha, Joana

2017-02-01

A more complete understanding of the physical relationships, between wall-pressure and turbulence, is required for modeling flow-induced noise and developing noise reduction strategies. In this study, the wall-pressure fluctuations, induced by low Reynolds number turbulent boundary layers, are experimentally studied using a high-resolution microphone array. Statistical characteristics obtained using traditional cross-correlation and cross-spectra analyses are complimented with wall-pressure-velocity cross-spectra and wavelet cross-correlations. Wall-pressure-velocity correlations revealed that turbulent activity in the buffer layer contributes at least 40% of the energy to the wall-pressure spectrum at all measured frequencies. As Reynolds number increases, the low-frequency energy shifts from the buffer layer to the logarithmic layer, as expected for regions of uniform streamwise momentum formed by hairpin packets. Conditional cross-spectra suggests that the majority of broadband wall-pressure energy is concentrated within the packets, with the pressure signatures of individual hairpin vortices estimated to decay on average within traveling ten displacement thicknesses, and the packet signature is retained for up to seven boundary layer thicknesses on average.

Information Theory Filters for Wavelet Packet Coefficient Selection with Application to Corrosion Type Identification from Acoustic Emission Signals

PubMed Central

Van Dijck, Gert; Van Hulle, Marc M.

2011-01-01

The damage caused by corrosion in chemical process installations can lead to unexpected plant shutdowns and the leakage of potentially toxic chemicals into the environment. When subjected to corrosion, structural changes in the material occur, leading to energy releases as acoustic waves. This acoustic activity can in turn be used for corrosion monitoring, and even for predicting the type of corrosion. Here we apply wavelet packet decomposition to extract features from acoustic emission signals. We then use the extracted wavelet packet coefficients for distinguishing between the most important types of corrosion processes in the chemical process industry: uniform corrosion, pitting and stress corrosion cracking. The local discriminant basis selection algorithm can be considered as a standard for the selection of the most discriminative wavelet coefficients. However, it does not take the statistical dependencies between wavelet coefficients into account. We show that, when these dependencies are ignored, a lower accuracy is obtained in predicting the corrosion type. We compare several mutual information filters to take these dependencies into account in order to arrive at a more accurate prediction. PMID:22163921

Instrument for measurement of vacuum in sealed thin wall packets

DOEpatents

Kollie, T.G.; Thacker, L.H.; Fine, H.A.

1995-04-18

An instrument is disclosed for the measurement of vacuum within sealed packets, the packets having a wall that it can be deformed by the application of an external dynamic vacuum to an area thereof. The instrument has a detector head for placement against the deformable wall of the packet to apply the vacuum in a controlled manner to accomplish a limited deformation or lift of the wall with this deformation or lift monitored by the application of light as via a bifurcated light pipe. Retro-reflected light through the light pipe is monitored with a photo detector. A change (e.g., a decrease) of retro-reflected light signals the wall movement such that the value of the dynamic vacuum applied through the head be to achieve this initiation of movement is equal to the vacuum within the packet. In a preferred embodiment a vacuum plate is placed beneath the packet to ensure that no deformation occurs on the reverse surface of the packet. A vacuum can be applied to a recess in this vacuum plate, the value of which can be used to calibrate the vacuum transducer in the detector head. 4 figs.

Instrument for measurement of vacuum in sealed thin wall packets

DOEpatents

Kollie, Thomas G.; Thacker, Louis H.; Fine, H. Alan

1995-01-01

An instrument for the measurement of vacuum within sealed packets 12, the packets 12 having a wall 14 that it can be deformed by the application of an external dynamic vacuum to an area thereof. The instrument has a detector head 18 for placement against the deformable wall 14 of the packet to apply the vacuum in a controlled manner to accomplish a limited deformation or lift of the wall 14, with this deformation or lift monitored by the application of light as via a bifurcated light pipe 20. Retro-reflected light through the light pipe is monitored with a photo detector 26. A change (e.g., a decrease) of retro-reflected light signals the wall movement such that the value of the dynamic vacuum applied through the head be to achieve this initiation of movement is equal to the vacuum within the packet 12. In a preferred embodiment a vacuum plate 44 is placed beneath the packet 12 to ensure that no deformation occurs on the reverse surface 16 of the packet. A vacuum can be applied to a recess in this vacuum plate, the value of which can be used to calibrate the vacuum transducer in the detector head.

Acoustic emission detection for mass fractions of materials based on wavelet packet technology.

PubMed

Wang, Xianghong; Xiang, Jianjun; Hu, Hongwei; Xie, Wei; Li, Xiongbing

2015-07-01

Materials are often damaged during the process of detecting mass fractions by traditional methods. Acoustic emission (AE) technology combined with wavelet packet analysis is used to evaluate the mass fractions of microcrystalline graphite/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composites in this study. Attenuation characteristics of AE signals across the composites with different mass fractions are investigated. The AE signals are decomposed by wavelet packet technology to obtain the relationships between the energy and amplitude attenuation coefficients of feature wavelet packets and mass fractions as well. Furthermore, the relationship is validated by a sample. The larger proportion of microcrystalline graphite will correspond to the higher attenuation of energy and amplitude. The attenuation characteristics of feature wavelet packets with the frequency range from 125 kHz to 171.85 kHz are more suitable for the detection of mass fractions than those of the original AE signals. The error of the mass fraction of microcrystalline graphite calculated by the feature wavelet packet (1.8%) is lower than that of the original signal (3.9%). Therefore, AE detection base on wavelet packet analysis is an ideal NDT method for evaluate mass fractions of composite materials. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

MIRAGE: The data acquisition, analysis, and display system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rosser, Robert S.; Rahman, Hasan H.

1993-01-01

Developed for the NASA Johnson Space Center and Life Sciences Directorate by GE Government Services, the Microcomputer Integrated Real-time Acquisition Ground Equipment (MIRAGE) system is a portable ground support system for Spacelab life sciences experiments. The MIRAGE system can acquire digital or analog data. Digital data may be NRZ-formatted telemetry packets of packets from a network interface. Analog signal are digitized and stored in experimental packet format. Data packets from any acquisition source are archived to a disk as they are received. Meta-parameters are generated from the data packet parameters by applying mathematical and logical operators. Parameters are displayed in text and graphical form or output to analog devices. Experiment data packets may be retransmitted through the network interface. Data stream definition, experiment parameter format, parameter displays, and other variables are configured using spreadsheet database. A database can be developed to support virtually any data packet format. The user interface provides menu- and icon-driven program control. The MIRAGE system can be integrated with other workstations to perform a variety of functions. The generic capabilities, adaptability and ease of use make the MIRAGE a cost-effective solution to many experimental data processing requirements.

Flexible-rate optical packet generation/detection and label swapping for optical label switching networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Zhongying; Li, Juhao; Tian, Yu; Ge, Dawei; Zhu, Paikun; Chen, Yuanxiang; Chen, Zhangyuan; He, Yongqi

2017-03-01

In recent years, optical label switching (OLS) gains lots of attentions due to its intrinsic advantages to implement protocol, bit-rate, granularity and data format transparency packet switching. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme to realize flexible-rate optical packet switching for OLS networks. At the transmitter node, flexible-rate packet is generated by parallel modulating different combinations of optical carriers generated from the optical multi-carrier generator (OMCG), among which the low-speed optical label occupies one carrier. At the switching node, label is extracted and re-generated in label processing unit (LPU). The payloads are switched based on routing information and new label is added after switching. At the receiver node, another OMCG serves as local oscillators (LOs) for optical payloads coherent detection. The proposed scheme offers good flexibility for dynamic optical packet switching by adjusting the payload bandwidth and could also effectively reduce the number of lasers, modulators and receivers for packet generation/detection. We present proof-of-concept demonstrations of flexible-rate packet generation/detection and label swapping in 12.5 GHz grid. The influence of crosstalk for cascaded label swapping is also investigated.

A novel EPON architecture for supporting direct communication between ONUs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Liqian; Chen, Xue; Wang, Zhen

2008-11-01

In the traditional EPON network, optical signal from one ONU can not reach other ONUs. So ONUs can not directly transmit packets to other ONUs .The packets must be transferred by the OLT and it consumes both upstream bandwidth and downstream bandwidth. The bandwidth utilization is low and becomes lower when there are more packets among ONUs. When the EPON network carries P2P (Peer-to-Peer) applications and VPN applications, there would be a great lot of packets among ONUs and the traditional EPON network meets the problem of low bandwidth utilization. In the worst situation the bandwidth utilization of traditional EPON only is 50 percent. This paper proposed a novel EPON architecture and a novel medium access control protocol to realize direct packets transmission between ONUs. In the proposed EPON we adopt a novel circled architecture in the splitter. Due to the circled-splitter, optical signals from an ONU can reach the other ONUs and packets could be directly transmitted between two ONUs. The traffic between two ONUs only consumes upstream bandwidth and the bandwidth cost is reduced by 50 percent. Moreover, this kind of directly transmission reduces the packet's latency.

On-Line Fringe Tracking and Prediction at IOTA

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilson, Edward; Mah, Robert; Lau, Sonie (Technical Monitor)

1999-01-01

The Infrared/Optical Telescope Array (IOTA) is a multi-aperture Michelson interferometer located on Mt. Hopkins near Tucson, Arizona. To enable viewing of fainter targets, an on-line fringe tracking system is presently under development at NASA Ames Research Center. The system has been developed off-line using actual data from IOTA, and is presently undergoing on-line implementation at IOTA. The system has two parts: (1) a fringe tracking system that identifies the center of a fringe packet by fitting a parametric model to the data; and (2) a fringe packet motion prediction system that uses characteristics of past fringe packets to predict fringe packet motion. Combined, this information will be used to optimize on-line the scanning trajectory, resulting in improved visibility of faint targets. Fringe packet identification is highly accurate and robust (99% of the 4000 fringe packets were identified correctly, the remaining 1% were either out of the scan range or too noisy to be seen) and is performed in 30-90 milliseconds on a Pentium II-based computer. Fringe packet prediction, currently performed using an adaptive linear predictor, delivers a 10% improvement over the baseline of predicting no motion.

An Experimental Exploration of the Impact of Network-Level Packet Loss on Network Intrusion Detection

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-08-01

Experimental environment 5 Table 1 Hardware specifications Name Manufacture Model CPU Memory Hard Drive IP Address Bilbo Dell PowerEdge R610 Intel...10 we replayed the same hour of network traffic from the CDX 20093 that we used in our theoretical2 exploration to show the impact of our packet... replay the traffic at arbitrary speeds. Table 3 lists the speed multiplier that we used and the packet loss we observed. Table 3 Network packet loss

Crossbar Switches For Optical Data-Communication Networks

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Monacos, Steve P.

1994-01-01

Optoelectronic and electro-optical crossbar switches called "permutation engines" (PE's) developed to route packets of data through fiber-optic communication networks. Basic network concept described in "High-Speed Optical Wide-Area Data-Communication Network" (NPO-18983). Nonblocking operation achieved by decentralized switching and control scheme. Each packet routed up or down in each column of this 5-input/5-output permutation engine. Routing algorithm ensures each packet arrives at its designated output port without blocking any other packet that does not contend for same output port.

Symplectic semiclassical wave packet dynamics II: non-Gaussian states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ohsawa, Tomoki

2018-05-01

We generalize our earlier work on the symplectic/Hamiltonian formulation of the dynamics of the Gaussian wave packet to non-Gaussian semiclassical wave packets. We find the symplectic forms and asymptotic expansions of the Hamiltonians associated with these semiclassical wave packets, and obtain Hamiltonian systems governing their dynamics. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the dynamics give a very good approximation to the short-time dynamics of the expectation values computed by a method based on Egorov’s theorem or the initial value representation.

New hybrid frequency reuse method for packet loss minimization in LTE network.

PubMed

Ali, Nora A; El-Dakroury, Mohamed A; El-Soudani, Magdi; ElSayed, Hany M; Daoud, Ramez M; Amer, Hassanein H

2015-11-01

This paper investigates the problem of inter-cell interference (ICI) in Long Term Evolution (LTE) mobile systems, which is one of the main problems that causes loss of packets between the base station and the mobile station. Recently, different frequency reuse methods, such as soft and fractional frequency reuse, have been introduced in order to mitigate this type of interference. In this paper, minimizing the packet loss between the base station and the mobile station is the main concern. Soft Frequency Reuse (SFR), which is the most popular frequency reuse method, is examined and the amount of packet loss is measured. In order to reduce packet loss, a new hybrid frequency reuse method is implemented. In this method, each cell occupies the same bandwidth of the SFR, but the total system bandwidth is greater than in SFR. This will provide the new method with a lot of new sub-carriers from the neighboring cells to reduce the ICI which represents a big problem in many applications and causes a lot of packets loss. It is found that the new hybrid frequency reuse method has noticeable improvement in the amount of packet loss compared to SFR method in the different frequency bands. Traffic congestion management in Intelligent Transportation system (ITS) is one of the important applications that is affected by the packet loss due to the large amount of traffic that is exchanged between the base station and the mobile node. Therefore, it is used as a studied application for the proposed frequency reuse method and the improvement in the amount of packet loss reached 49.4% in some frequency bands using the new hybrid frequency reuse method.

Random early detection for congestion avoidance in wired networks: a discretized pursuit learning-automata-like solution.

PubMed

Misra, Sudip; Oommen, B John; Yanamandra, Sreekeerthy; Obaidat, Mohammad S

2010-02-01

In this paper, we present a learning-automata-like The reason why the mechanism is not a pure LA, but rather why it yet mimics one, will be clarified in the body of this paper. (LAL) mechanism for congestion avoidance in wired networks. Our algorithm, named as LAL Random Early Detection (LALRED), is founded on the principles of the operations of existing RED congestion-avoidance mechanisms, augmented with a LAL philosophy. The primary objective of LALRED is to optimize the value of the average size of the queue used for congestion avoidance and to consequently reduce the total loss of packets at the queue. We attempt to achieve this by stationing a LAL algorithm at the gateways and by discretizing the probabilities of the corresponding actions of the congestion-avoidance algorithm. At every time instant, the LAL scheme, in turn, chooses the action that possesses the maximal ratio between the number of times the chosen action is rewarded and the number of times that it has been chosen. In LALRED, we simultaneously increase the likelihood of the scheme converging to the action, which minimizes the number of packet drops at the gateway. Our approach helps to improve the performance of congestion avoidance by adaptively minimizing the queue-loss rate and the average queue size. Simulation results obtained using NS2 establish the improved performance of LALRED over the traditional RED methods which were chosen as the benchmarks for performance comparison purposes.

Build Your Own Particle Sensor

EPA Science Inventory

This is an information packet explaining an educational outreach activity, where the participant does some simple electronics with low cost components to build a particle sensor that can turn one to three small lights on based upon the detected concentration of particles.

Welcome to Naval Hospital Jacksonville

Science.gov Websites

Active Duty Special Work Operational Support Welcome Packets 75th Anniversary 2 NHJax mobile app listed RelayHealth.com Click here to join our facebook page Tweets by @NHJAX Download our mobile app today! Our News URL

Collective network routing

DOEpatents

Hoenicke, Dirk

2014-12-02

Disclosed are a unified method and apparatus to classify, route, and process injected data packets into a network so as to belong to a plurality of logical networks, each implementing a specific flow of data on top of a common physical network. The method allows to locally identify collectives of packets for local processing, such as the computation of the sum, difference, maximum, minimum, or other logical operations among the identified packet collective. Packets are injected together with a class-attribute and an opcode attribute. Network routers, employing the described method, use the packet attributes to look-up the class-specific route information from a local route table, which contains the local incoming and outgoing directions as part of the specifically implemented global data flow of the particular virtual network.

Statistics of Gaussian packets on metric and decorated graphs.

PubMed

Chernyshev, V L; Shafarevich, A I

2014-01-28

We study a semiclassical asymptotics of the Cauchy problem for a time-dependent Schrödinger equation on metric and decorated graphs with a localized initial function. A decorated graph is a topological space obtained from a graph via replacing vertices with smooth Riemannian manifolds. The main term of an asymptotic solution at an arbitrary finite time is a sum of Gaussian packets and generalized Gaussian packets (localized near a certain set of codimension one). We study the number of packets as time tends to infinity. We prove that under certain assumptions this number grows in time as a polynomial and packets fill the graph uniformly. We discuss a simple example of the opposite situation: in this case, a numerical experiment shows a subexponential growth.

Femtosecond laser spectroscopy on the vibrational wave packet dynamics of the A 1Σ+ state of NaK

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berg, L.-E.; Beutter, M.; Hansson, T.

1996-05-01

The vibrational wave packet dynamics of a heteronuclear diatomic alkali molecule in an excited state, the A 1Σ+ state of gaseous NaK, has been measured for the first time. At λpump = 790 nm, a wave packet oscillation period of 442 fs and dephasing within 10 ps has been observed. This dynamics has been analysed by calculation of Franck-Condon factors and difference potentials. It is from this seen that initially the pump pulse prepares a wave packet at the inner turning point of the A-state. The wave packet then evolves in time and is probed at the outer turning point by a transition to the E-state with subsequent fluorescence detection.

Highly Efficient Multi Channel Packet Forwarding with Round Robin Intermittent Periodic Transmit for Multihop Wireless Backhaul Networks

PubMed Central

Furukawa, Hiroshi

2017-01-01

Round Robin based Intermittent Periodic Transmit (RR-IPT) has been proposed which achieves highly efficient multi-hop relays in multi-hop wireless backhaul networks (MWBN) where relay nodes are 2-dimensionally deployed. This paper newly investigates multi-channel packet scheduling and forwarding scheme for RR-IPT. Downlink traffic is forwarded by RR-IPT via one of the channels, while uplink traffic and part of downlink are accommodated in the other channel. By comparing IPT and carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) for uplink/downlink packet forwarding channel, IPT is more effective in reducing packet loss rate whereas CSMA/CA is better in terms of system throughput and packet delay improvement. PMID:29137164

Fuzzy Logic Based Anomaly Detection for Embedded Network Security Cyber Sensor

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ondrej Linda; Todd Vollmer; Jason Wright

Resiliency and security in critical infrastructure control systems in the modern world of cyber terrorism constitute a relevant concern. Developing a network security system specifically tailored to the requirements of such critical assets is of a primary importance. This paper proposes a novel learning algorithm for anomaly based network security cyber sensor together with its hardware implementation. The presented learning algorithm constructs a fuzzy logic rule based model of normal network behavior. Individual fuzzy rules are extracted directly from the stream of incoming packets using an online clustering algorithm. This learning algorithm was specifically developed to comply with the constrainedmore » computational requirements of low-cost embedded network security cyber sensors. The performance of the system was evaluated on a set of network data recorded from an experimental test-bed mimicking the environment of a critical infrastructure control system.« less

Astrology and Astronomy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Astronomical Society of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA.

One of a series of information packets, the document provides clear, specific information about the controversial subject of astrology. The packet includes six articles explaining the dozens of careful scientific tests which have concluded that there is no scientific evidence supporting astrology. The packet includes an interview with astronomer…

Multi-Media Instructional Packets.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brophy, John W.

This is a collection of multi-media packets for each of the following business subjects: (1) Introduction to Business; (2) Principles of Marketing; (3) Principles of Advertising; (4) Principles of Retailing/Merchandising; and (5) Principles of Salesmanship. Each packet includes information regarding: (1) most relevant textbooks; (2) Suggested…

Thermal averages in a quantum point contact with a single coherent wave packet.

PubMed

Heller, E J; Aidala, K E; LeRoy, B J; Bleszynski, A C; Kalben, A; Westervelt, R M; Maranowski, K D; Gossard, A C

2005-07-01

A novel formal equivalence between thermal averages of coherent properties (e.g., conductance) and time averages of a single wave packet arises for Fermi gases and certain geometries. In the case of one open channel in a quantum point contact (QPC), only one wave packet history, with the wave packet width equal to the thermal length, completely determines the thermally averaged conductance. The formal equivalence moreover allows very simple physical interpretations of interference features surviving under thermal averaging. Simply put, pieces of the thermal wave packet returning to the QPC along independent paths must arrive at the same time in order to interfere. Remarkably, one immediate result of this approach is that higher temperature leads to narrower wave packets and therefore better resolution of events in the time domain. In effect, experiments at 4.2 K are performing time-gated experiments at better than a gigahertz. Experiments involving thermally averaged ballistic conductance in 2DEGS are presented as an application of this picture.

Phase Structure of Strong-Field Tunneling Wave Packets from Molecules.

PubMed

Liu, Ming-Ming; Li, Min; Wu, Chengyin; Gong, Qihuang; Staudte, André; Liu, Yunquan

2016-04-22

We study the phase structure of the tunneling wave packets from strong-field ionization of molecules and present a molecular quantum-trajectory Monte Carlo model to describe the laser-driven dynamics of photoelectron momentum distributions of molecules. Using our model, we reproduce and explain the alignment-dependent molecular frame photoelectron spectra of strong-field tunneling ionization of N_{2} reported by M. Meckel et al. [Nat. Phys. 10, 594 (2014)]. In addition to modeling the low-energy photoelectron angular distributions quantitatively, we extract the phase structure of strong-field molecular tunneling wave packets, shedding light on its physical origin. The initial phase of the tunneling wave packets at the tunnel exit depends on both the initial transverse momentum distribution and the molecular internuclear distance. We further show that the ionizing molecular orbital has a critical effect on the initial phase of the tunneling wave packets. The phase structure of the photoelectron wave packet is a key ingredient for modeling strong-field molecular photoelectron holography, high-harmonic generation, and molecular orbital imaging.

Source Authentication for Code Dissemination Supporting Dynamic Packet Size in Wireless Sensor Networks.

PubMed

Kim, Daehee; Kim, Dongwan; An, Sunshin

2016-07-09

Code dissemination in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a procedure for distributing a new code image over the air in order to update programs. Due to the fact that WSNs are mostly deployed in unattended and hostile environments, secure code dissemination ensuring authenticity and integrity is essential. Recent works on dynamic packet size control in WSNs allow enhancing the energy efficiency of code dissemination by dynamically changing the packet size on the basis of link quality. However, the authentication tokens attached by the base station become useless in the next hop where the packet size can vary according to the link quality of the next hop. In this paper, we propose three source authentication schemes for code dissemination supporting dynamic packet size. Compared to traditional source authentication schemes such as μTESLA and digital signatures, our schemes provide secure source authentication under the environment, where the packet size changes in each hop, with smaller energy consumption.

Source Authentication for Code Dissemination Supporting Dynamic Packet Size in Wireless Sensor Networks †

PubMed Central

Kim, Daehee; Kim, Dongwan; An, Sunshin

2016-01-01

Code dissemination in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a procedure for distributing a new code image over the air in order to update programs. Due to the fact that WSNs are mostly deployed in unattended and hostile environments, secure code dissemination ensuring authenticity and integrity is essential. Recent works on dynamic packet size control in WSNs allow enhancing the energy efficiency of code dissemination by dynamically changing the packet size on the basis of link quality. However, the authentication tokens attached by the base station become useless in the next hop where the packet size can vary according to the link quality of the next hop. In this paper, we propose three source authentication schemes for code dissemination supporting dynamic packet size. Compared to traditional source authentication schemes such as μTESLA and digital signatures, our schemes provide secure source authentication under the environment, where the packet size changes in each hop, with smaller energy consumption. PMID:27409616

Recognition of the optical packet header for two channels utilizing the parallel reservoir computing based on a semiconductor ring laser

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bao, Xiurong; Zhao, Qingchun; Yin, Hongxi; Qin, Jie

2018-05-01

In this paper, an all-optical parallel reservoir computing (RC) system with two channels for the optical packet header recognition is proposed and simulated, which is based on a semiconductor ring laser (SRL) with the characteristic of bidirectional light paths. The parallel optical loops are built through the cross-feedback of the bidirectional light paths where every optical loop can independently recognize each injected optical packet header. Two input signals are mapped and recognized simultaneously by training all-optical parallel reservoir, which is attributed to the nonlinear states in the laser. The recognition of optical packet headers for two channels from 4 bits to 32 bits is implemented through the simulation optimizing system parameters and therefore, the optimal recognition error ratio is 0. Since this structure can combine with the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical packet switching network, the wavelength of each channel of optical packet headers for recognition can be different, and a better recognition result can be obtained.

User-oriented end-to-end transport protocols for the real-time distribution of telemetry data from NASA spacecraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hooke, A. J.

1979-01-01

A set of standard telemetry protocols for downlink data flow facilitating the end-to-end transport of instrument data from the spacecraft to the user in real time is proposed. The direct switching of data by autonomous message 'packets' that are assembled by the source instrument on the spacecraft is discussed. The data system consists thus of a format on a message rather than word basis, and such packet telemetry would include standardized protocol headers. Standards are being developed within the NASA End-to-End Data System (NEEDS) program for the source packet and transport frame protocols. The source packet protocol contains identification of both the sequence number of the packet as it is generated by the source and the total length of the packet, while the transport frame protocol includes a sequence count defining the serial number of the frame as it is generated by the spacecraft data system, and a field specifying any 'options' selected in the format of the frame itself.

Support for non-locking parallel reception of packets belonging to a single memory reception FIFO

DOEpatents

Chen, Dong [Yorktown Heights, NY; Heidelberger, Philip [Yorktown Heights, NY; Salapura, Valentina [Yorktown Heights, NY; Senger, Robert M [Yorktown Heights, NY; Steinmacher-Burow, Burkhard [Boeblingen, DE; Sugawara, Yutaka [Yorktown Heights, NY

2011-01-27

A method and apparatus for distributed parallel messaging in a parallel computing system. A plurality of DMA engine units are configured in a multiprocessor system to operate in parallel, one DMA engine unit for transferring a current packet received at a network reception queue to a memory location in a memory FIFO (rmFIFO) region of a memory. A control unit implements logic to determine whether any prior received packet destined for that rmFIFO is still in a process of being stored in the associated memory by another DMA engine unit of the plurality, and prevent the one DMA engine unit from indicating completion of storing the current received packet in the reception memory FIFO (rmFIFO) until all prior received packets destined for that rmFIFO are completely stored by the other DMA engine units. Thus, there is provided non-locking support so that multiple packets destined for a single rmFIFO are transferred and stored in parallel to predetermined locations in a memory.

Adaptive Packet Combining Scheme in Three State Channel Model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saring, Yang; Bulo, Yaka; Bhunia, Chandan Tilak

2018-01-01

The two popular techniques of packet combining based error correction schemes are: Packet Combining (PC) scheme and Aggressive Packet Combining (APC) scheme. PC scheme and APC scheme have their own merits and demerits; PC scheme has better throughput than APC scheme, but suffers from higher packet error rate than APC scheme. The wireless channel state changes all the time. Because of this random and time varying nature of wireless channel, individual application of SR ARQ scheme, PC scheme and APC scheme can't give desired levels of throughput. Better throughput can be achieved if appropriate transmission scheme is used based on the condition of channel. Based on this approach, adaptive packet combining scheme has been proposed to achieve better throughput. The proposed scheme adapts to the channel condition to carry out transmission using PC scheme, APC scheme and SR ARQ scheme to achieve better throughput. Experimentally, it was observed that the error correction capability and throughput of the proposed scheme was significantly better than that of SR ARQ scheme, PC scheme and APC scheme.

Optimal control of multiphoton ionization dynamics of small alkali aggregates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lindinger, A.; Bartelt, A.; Lupulescu, C.; Vajda, S.; Woste, Ludger

2003-11-01

We have performed transient multi-photon ionization experiments on small alkali clusters of different size in order to probe their wave packet dynamics, structural reorientations, charge transfers and dissociative events in different vibrationally excited electronic states including their ground state. The observed processes were highly dependent on the irradiated pulse parameters like wavelength range or its phase and amplitude; an emphasis to employ a feedback control system for generating the optimum pulse shapes. Their spectral and temporal behavior reflects interesting properties about the investigated system and the irradiated photo-chemical process. First, we present the vibrational dynamics of bound electronically excited states of alkali dimers and trimers. The scheme for observing the wave packet dynamics in the electronic ground state using stimulated Raman-pumping is shown. Since the employed pulse parameters significantly influence the efficiency of the irradiated dynamic pathways photo-induced ioniziation experiments were carried out. The controllability of 3-photon ionization pathways is investigated on the model-like systems NaK and K2. A closed learning loop for adaptive feedback control is used to find the optimal fs pulse shape. Sinusoidal parameterizations of the spectral phase modulation are investigated in regard to the obtained optimal field. By reducing the number of parameters and thereby the complexity of the phase moduation, optimal pulse shapes can be generated that carry fingerprints of the molecule's dynamical properties. This enables to find "understandable" optimal pulse forms and offers the possiblity to gain insight into the photo-induced control process. Characteristic motions of the involved wave packets are proposed to explain the optimized dynamic dissociation pathways.

Framework based on stochastic L-Systems for modeling IP traffic with multifractal behavior

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Salvador, Paulo S.; Nogueira, Antonio; Valadas, Rui

2003-08-01

In a previous work we have introduced a multifractal traffic model based on so-called stochastic L-Systems, which were introduced by biologist A. Lindenmayer as a method to model plant growth. L-Systems are string rewriting techniques, characterized by an alphabet, an axiom (initial string) and a set of production rules. In this paper, we propose a novel traffic model, and an associated parameter fitting procedure, which describes jointly the packet arrival and the packet size processes. The packet arrival process is modeled through a L-System, where the alphabet elements are packet arrival rates. The packet size process is modeled through a set of discrete distributions (of packet sizes), one for each arrival rate. In this way the model is able to capture correlations between arrivals and sizes. We applied the model to measured traffic data: the well-known pOct Bellcore, a trace of aggregate WAN traffic and two traces of specific applications (Kazaa and Operation Flashing Point). We assess the multifractality of these traces using Linear Multiscale Diagrams. The suitability of the traffic model is evaluated by comparing the empirical and fitted probability mass and autocovariance functions; we also compare the packet loss ratio and average packet delay obtained with the measured traces and with traces generated from the fitted model. Our results show that our L-System based traffic model can achieve very good fitting performance in terms of first and second order statistics and queuing behavior.

Canoeing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Little, Mildred J.; Smith, Carole F.

Designed to be used in conjunction with the book "Canoeing", published by the American Red Cross in 1977, the teaching packet provides assistance in organizing and teaching a basic canoeing class. The packet lists 20 class objectives and details essential and recommended equipment and safety precautions. The packet contains a 15-day unit…