Sample records for learning disability mental

  1. The DoD Civilian Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) Program

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1987-05-21

    as mental retardation, organic brain syndrome , emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. b. Major Life Activities. Functions...mental or psychological disorder, such as mental retardation, organic brain syndrome , emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities

  2. Mental Health Services for Children and Adolescents with Learning Disabilities: A Review of Research on Experiences of Service Users and Providers

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jacobs, Myrthe; Downie, Helen; Kidd, Gill; Fitzsimmons, Lorna; Gibbs, Susie; Melville, Craig

    2016-01-01

    Background: Children and young people with learning disabilities experience high rates of mental health problems. Methods: The present study reviewed the literature on mental health services for children with learning disabilities, to identify known models of service provision and what has been experienced as effective or challenging in providing…

  3. Graduation Prospects of College Students with Specific Learning Disorder and Students with Mental Health Related Disabilities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jorgensen, Mary; Budd, Jillian; Fichten, Catherine S.; Nguyen, Mai N.; Havel, Alice

    2018-01-01

    This study's goal was to compare aspects related to academic persistence of two groups of college students with non-visible disabilities: 110 Canadian two and four-year college students--55 with mental health related disabilities and 55 with Specific Learning Disorder (LD). Results show that students with mental health related disabilities were…

  4. Barriers to Learning Online Experienced by Students with a Mental Health Disability

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McManus, Dean; Dryer, Rachel; Henning, Marcus

    2017-01-01

    Online education is widely regarded as increasing accessibility to higher education to individuals with disadvantage and disability, including those with a mental health disability. However, the learning challenges these students experience within the online learning environment are not well understood. The purpose of this qualitative case study…

  5. 28 CFR 35.104 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... illness, and specific learning disabilities. (ii) The phrase physical or mental impairment includes, but..., heart disease, diabetes, mental retardation, emotional illness, specific learning disabilities, HIV... Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF DISABILITY IN STATE AND...

  6. Health and Social Care Practitioners' Experiences of Assessing Mental Capacity in a Community Learning Disability Team

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ratcliff, Daniel; Chapman, Melanie

    2016-01-01

    Background: The study explored experiences of health and social care practitioners within a community learning disability team in undertaking mental capacity assessments with people with learning disabilities. Materials and Methods: Eight practitioners were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule. Results: The information gained was…

  7. 75 FR 41501 - Government-Owned Inventions; Availability for Licensing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-16

    ..., mental retardation or learning disabilities, and behavioral problems, as well as malformations in many... degree of mental retardation and learning disability. Biochemically, SLOS is caused by disruption of the..., but the mechanism of resistance is highly complex; this mouse model will be useful in learning the...

  8. The capacity of people with a 'mental disability' to make a health care decision.

    PubMed

    Wong, J G; Clare, C H; Holland, A J; Watson, P C; Gunn, M

    2000-03-01

    Based on the developing clinical and legal literature, and using the framework adopted in draft legislation, capacity to make a valid decision about a clinically required blood test was investigated in three groups of people with a 'mental disability' (i.e. mental illness (chronic schizophrenia), 'learning disability' ('mental retardation', or intellectual or developmental disability), or, dementia) and a fourth, comparison group. The three 'mental disability' groups (N = 20 in the 'learning disability' group, N = 21 in each of the other two groups) were recruited through the relevant local clinical services; and through a phlebotomy clinic for the 'general population' comparison group (N = 20). The decision-making task was progressively simplified by presenting the relevant information as separate elements and modifying the assessment of capacity so that responding became gradually less dependent on expressive verbal ability. Compared with the 'general population' group, capacity to make the particular decision was significantly more impaired in the 'learning disability' and 'dementia' groups. Importantly, however, it was not more impaired among the 'mental illness' group. All the groups benefited as the decision-making task was simplified, but at different stages. In each of the 'mental disability' groups, one participant benefited only when responding did not require any expensive verbal ability. Consistent with current views, capacity reflected an interaction between the decision-maker and the demands of the decision-making task. The findings have implications for the way in which decisions about health care interventions are sought from people with a 'mental disability'. The methodology may be extended to assess capacity to make other legally-significant decisions.

  9. Turning the Educability Narrative: Samuel A. Kirk at the Intersection of Learning Disability and "Mental Retardation"

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Danforth, Scot; Slocum, Laura; Dunkle, Jennifer

    2010-01-01

    It is often assumed that current disability constructs exist in conceptual isolation from one another. This article explores the tangled historical relationship between "mental retardation" and learning disability in the writings and speeches of special education pioneer Samuel A. Kirk. Beginning in the 1950s, Kirk repeatedly told an educability…

  10. 10 CFR 4.101 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ..., emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment... one's self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and... Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978, Pub. L. 95-602 (29 U.S.C. 794). Discriminatory...

  11. 40 CFR 12.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment..., speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (3) Has a record of such an impairment means has a history of... Stat. 1617); and the Rehabilitation, Comprehensive Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendments...

  12. Prose Learning in Children and Adults with Down Syndrome: The Use of Visual and Mental Image Strategies to Improve Recall

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    de la Iglesia, Carmen J. F.; Buceta, M. Jose; Campos, Alfredo

    2005-01-01

    Background: Research indicates that the use of mental imagery is a rich source of possibilities for improving learning in participants with learning disabilities and intellectual disability. Method: We undertook two experiments designed to assess the effectiveness of using imagery in prose learning for participants with Down syndrome (DS). The…

  13. Strategic thinking.

    PubMed

    Davies, Jill; Burke, Christine

    2012-01-01

    The new framework is seen as a positive move to improve the nation's mental health and wellbeing. However, despite the strategy highlighting the needs of people with learning disabilities, the framework offers very little specifically for this group. This raises concern that this group will remain off the radar for those in mainstream services and organisations that could support them to maintain their mental health and wellbeing. With the Valuing People Now team disbanded, there is no nationally-accredited body given the role to champion people with learning disabilities. Those with a learning disability and a mental illness should be able to access services and be treated in the same way as anyone else with reasonable adjustments being made in accordance with the Disability Discrimination Act (2005) and the Disability Equality Duty (2006). But as the implementation framework is lacking in attention to this group more work will be required by mainstream and specialist organisations to ensure the key messages from the frameworks are applicable to people with learning disabilities.

  14. An audit of the quality of inpatient care for adults with learning disability in the UK

    PubMed Central

    Sheehan, Rory; Gandesha, Aarti; Hassiotis, Angela; Gallagher, Pamela; Burnell, Matthew; Jones, Glyn; Kerr, Michael; Hall, Ian; Chaplin, Robert; Crawford, Michael J

    2016-01-01

    Objectives To audit patient hospital records to evaluate the performance of acute general and mental health services in delivering inpatient care to people with learning disability and explore the influence of organisational factors on the quality of care they deliver. Setting Nine acute general hospital Trusts and six mental health services. Participants Adults with learning disability who received inpatient hospital care between May 2013 and April 2014. Primary and secondary outcome measures Data on seven key indicators of high-quality care were collected from 176 patients. These covered physical health/monitoring, communication and meeting needs, capacity and decision-making, discharge planning and carer involvement. The impact of services having an electronic system for flagging patients with learning disability and employing a learning disability liaison nurse was assessed. Results Indicators of physical healthcare (body mass index, swallowing assessment, epilepsy risk assessment) were poorly recorded in acute general and mental health inpatient settings. Overall, only 34 (19.3%) patients received any assessment of swallowing and 12 of the 57 with epilepsy (21.1%) had an epilepsy risk assessment. For most quality indicators, there was a non-statistically significant trend for improved performance in services with a learning disability liaison nurse. The presence of an electronic flagging system showed less evidence of benefit. Conclusions Inpatient care for people with learning disability needs to be improved. The work gives tentative support to the role of a learning disability liaison nurse in acute general and mental health services, but further work is needed to confirm these benefits and to trial other interventions that might improve the quality and safety of care for this high-need group. PMID:27091821

  15. An audit of the quality of inpatient care for adults with learning disability in the UK.

    PubMed

    Sheehan, Rory; Gandesha, Aarti; Hassiotis, Angela; Gallagher, Pamela; Burnell, Matthew; Jones, Glyn; Kerr, Michael; Hall, Ian; Chaplin, Robert; Crawford, Michael J

    2016-04-18

    To audit patient hospital records to evaluate the performance of acute general and mental health services in delivering inpatient care to people with learning disability and explore the influence of organisational factors on the quality of care they deliver. Nine acute general hospital Trusts and six mental health services. Adults with learning disability who received inpatient hospital care between May 2013 and April 2014. Data on seven key indicators of high-quality care were collected from 176 patients. These covered physical health/monitoring, communication and meeting needs, capacity and decision-making, discharge planning and carer involvement. The impact of services having an electronic system for flagging patients with learning disability and employing a learning disability liaison nurse was assessed. Indicators of physical healthcare (body mass index, swallowing assessment, epilepsy risk assessment) were poorly recorded in acute general and mental health inpatient settings. Overall, only 34 (19.3%) patients received any assessment of swallowing and 12 of the 57 with epilepsy (21.1%) had an epilepsy risk assessment. For most quality indicators, there was a non-statistically significant trend for improved performance in services with a learning disability liaison nurse. The presence of an electronic flagging system showed less evidence of benefit. Inpatient care for people with learning disability needs to be improved. The work gives tentative support to the role of a learning disability liaison nurse in acute general and mental health services, but further work is needed to confirm these benefits and to trial other interventions that might improve the quality and safety of care for this high-need group. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

  16. 15 CFR 8c.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ..., emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term “physical or mental impairment..., speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (3) “Has a record of such an impairment” means has a history of... Stat. 1617); the Rehabilitation, Comprehensive Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of...

  17. Learning about Learning Disabled College Students.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Spalding, Norma V.

    Information in this paper is presented to help college instructors identify and assist learning disabled (LD) students. The paper first explains what learning disabilities are, emphasizing that while LD students exhibit a discrepancy between apparent learning ability and actual academic achievement, they are not mentally retarded or emotionally…

  18. Screening for Mental Health Problems in Adults with Learning Disabilities Using the Mini PAS-ADD Interview

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Devine, Maurice; Taggart, Laurence; McLornian, Paula

    2010-01-01

    Prevalence rates vary considerably regarding the mental health of people with learning disabilities. This variation is a consequence of the assessment methods used to identify such clinical conditions and also different populations studied. The aim of this study was to screen for mental health problems in adults with mild-to-moderate learning…

  19. Differences in Performance between Students with Learning Disabilities and Mild Mental Retardation: Implications for Categorical Instruction

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Caffrey, Erin; Fuchs, Douglas

    2007-01-01

    We reviewed eight studies that described learning differences between students with learning disabilities (LD) and students with mild mental retardation (MMR). A total of 639 students, 6-20 years old, participated in these studies. Study authors examined students' inductive reasoning and their performance during guided inquiry and more lengthy…

  20. Students' expectations of the future: hopelessness as a barrier to self-determination.

    PubMed

    Palmer, S B; Wehmeyer, M L

    1998-04-01

    The development of self-determination depends on the emergence of positive beliefs about oneself and one's future. Research has suggested that these positive perceptions are the outcome of a process of learning and using problem-solving skills and the achievement of perceived or actual control, referred to as learned hopefulness. Expectations for the future (e.g., hopefulness/hopelessness) of students with mental retardation, learning disabilities, or students without disabilities were examined. Students with mental retardation were significantly less hopeful than were their peers with learning disabilities or without disabilities. Implications from these findings for the development of self-determination were discussed.

  1. 29 CFR 2205.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment..., speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (3) Has a record of such an impairment means has a history of..., Comprehensive Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-602, 92 Stat. 2955). As...

  2. 22 CFR 1600.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ..., emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment..., speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (3) Has a record of such an impairment means has a history of..., Comprehensive Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-602, 92 Stat. 2955). As...

  3. 36 CFR 909.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment..., speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (3) Has a record of such an impairment means has a history of..., Comprehensive Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-602, 92 Stat. 2955). As...

  4. 36 CFR 812.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment..., speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (3) Has a record of such an impairment means has a history of..., Comprehensive Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-602, 92 Stat. 2955). As...

  5. The Relationship between Learning Disabilities and Homelessness in Adults

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Markos, Patricia A.; Strawser, Sherri

    2004-01-01

    This article describes the relationship between learning disabilities (LD) and homelessness. Research describing the connection between disabilities and homelessness has focused on individuals presenting with disabilities such as mental illness, physical disabilities, medical disabilities, or substance abuse. At this time, the presence of LD in…

  6. 75 FR 33593 - Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services; Overview Information; Personnel...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-14

    ... ``high-incidence disabilities'' refers to learning disabilities, emotional disturbance, or mental... purposes of this priority, the term high-incidence disabilities refers to learning disabilities, emotional... Information; Personnel Development To Improve Services and Results for Children With Disabilities; Notice...

  7. 49 CFR 807.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment..., speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (3) Has a record of such an impairment means has a history of... Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-602, 92 Stat. 2955). As used in...

  8. 22 CFR 219.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ..., emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term “physical or mental impairment..., speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (3) Has a record of such an impairment means has a history of... Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-602, 92 Stat. 2955). As used in...

  9. 29 CFR 2706.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term “physical or mental impairment..., speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (3) Has a record of such an impairment means has a history of..., Comprehensive Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-602, 92 Stat. 2955). As...

  10. 18 CFR 1313.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ..., emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term “physical or mental impairment..., speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (3) Has a record of such an impairment means has a history of..., Comprehensive Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-602, 92 Stat. 2955). As...

  11. 19 CFR 201.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ..., emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment..., speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (3) Has a record of such an impairment means has a history of... Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-602, 92 Stat. 2955). As used in...

  12. 45 CFR 1181.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment..., speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (3) Has a record of such an impairment means has a history of... Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-602, 92 Stat. 2955). As used in...

  13. 36 CFR 406.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment..., speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (3) Has a record of such an impairment means has a history of... Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-602, 92 Stat. 2955). As used in...

  14. 16 CFR 1034.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ..., emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment..., speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (3) Has a record of such an impairment means has a history of... Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-602, 92 Stat. 2955). As used in...

  15. 5 CFR 1207.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF DISABILITY IN PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED BY THE MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION... a disability means any person who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one... mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning...

  16. 32 CFR 1807.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF DISABILITY IN PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED BY THE NATIONAL COUNTERINTELLIGENCE... real or personal property. Individual with disabilities means any person who has a physical or mental... mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning...

  17. 32 CFR 191.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, or disability. Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO... characteristics of a national origin group. People with disabilities. People who have physical or mental..., such as mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning...

  18. Access to Mainstream Health Services: A Case Study of the Difficulties Faced by a Child with Learning Disabilities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Brown, Freddy Jackson; Cooper, Kate; Diebel, Tara

    2013-01-01

    People with learning disabilities have higher levels of health needs compared with the general population (Nocon, 2006, Background evidence for the DRC's formal investigation into health inequalities experienced by people with learning disabilities or mental health problems. London and Manchester, Disability Rights Commission). Research has shown…

  19. Citizenship and Learning Disabled People: The Mental Health Charity MIND’s 1970s Campaign in Historical Context

    PubMed Central

    Toms, Jonathan

    2017-01-01

    Current policy and practice directed towards people with learning disabilities originates in the deinstitutionalisation processes, civil rights concerns and integrationist philosophies of the 1970s and 1980s. However, historians know little about the specific contexts within which these were mobilised. Although it is rarely acknowledged in the secondary literature, MIND was prominent in campaigning for rights-based services for learning disabled people during this time. This article sets MIND’s campaign within the wider historical context of the organisation’s origins as a main institution of the inter-war mental hygiene movement. The article begins by outlining the mental hygiene movement’s original conceptualisation of ‘mental deficiency’ as the antithesis of the self-sustaining and responsible individuals that it considered the basis of citizenship and mental health. It then traces how this equation became unravelled, in part by the altered conditions under the post-war Welfare State, in part by the mental hygiene movement’s own theorising. The final section describes the reconceptualisation of citizenship that eventually emerged with the collapse of the mental hygiene movement and the emergence of MIND. It shows that representations of MIND’s rights-based campaigning (which have, in any case, focused on mental illness) as individualist, and fundamentally opposed to medicine and psychiatry, are inaccurate. In fact, MIND sought a comprehensive community-based service, integrated with the general health and welfare services and oriented around a reconstruction of learning disabled people’s citizenship rights. PMID:28901871

  20. 12 CFR 268.702 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment includes, but is not limited to, such... Physical or Mental Disability § 268.702 Definitions. For purposes of this subpart, the following... conveyances, or other real or personal property. (d) Person with a disability means any person who has a...

  1. Involving the public in mental health and learning disability research: Can we, should we, do we?

    PubMed

    Paul, C; Holt, J

    2017-10-01

    WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: UK health policy is clear that researchers should involve the public throughout the research process. The public, including patients, carers and/or local citizens can bring a different and valuable perspective to the research process and improve the quality of research undertaken. Conducting health research is demanding with tight deadlines and scarce resources. This can make involving the public in research very challenging. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: This is the first time the attitudes of researchers working in mental health and learning disability services towards PPI have been investigated. The principles of service user involvement in mental health and learning disability services may support PPI in research as a tool of collaboration and empowerment. This article extends our understanding of the cultural and attitudinal barriers to implementing PPI guidelines in mental health and learning disability services. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Researchers in mental health and learning disability services need to champion, share and publish effective involvement work. Structural barriers to PPI work should be addressed locally and successful strategies shared nationally and internationally. Where PPI guidelines are being developed, attention needs to be paid to cultural factors in the research community to win "hearts and minds" and support the effective integration of PPI across the whole research process. Introduction Patient and public involvement (PPI) is integral to UK health research guidance; however, implementation is inconsistent. There is little research into the attitudes of NHS health researchers towards PPI. Aim This study explored the attitude of researchers working in mental health and learning disability services in the UK towards PPI in health research. Method Using a qualitative methodology, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of eight researchers. A framework approach was used in the analysis to generate themes and core concepts. Results Participants valued the perspective PPI could bring to research, but frustration with tokenistic approaches to involvement work was also evident. Some cultural and attitudinal barriers to integrating PPI across the whole research process were identified. Discussion Despite clear guidelines and established service user involvement, challenges still exist in the integration of PPI in mental health and learning disability research in the UK. Implications for practice Guidelines on PPI may not be enough to prompt changes in research practice. Leaders and researchers need to support attitudinal and cultural changes where required, to ensure the full potential of PPI in mental health and learning disability services research is realized. Relevance statement Findings suggest that despite clear guidelines and a history of service user involvement, there are still challenges to the integration of PPI in mental health and learning disability research in the UK. For countries where PPI guidelines are being developed, attention needs to be paid to cultural factors in the research community to win "hearts and minds" and support the effective integration of PPI across the whole research process. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  2. Cognitive Therapy Abilities in People with Learning Disabilities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sams, Kathryn; Collins, Suzanne; Reynolds, Shirley

    2006-01-01

    Background: There is a need to develop and adapt therapies for use with people with learning disabilities who have mental health problems. Aims: To examine the performance of people with learning disabilities on two cognitive therapy tasks (emotion recognition and discrimination among thoughts, feelings and behaviours). We hypothesized that…

  3. Development of Science Simulations for Mildly Mentally Retarded or Learning Disabled Students. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Macro Systems, Inc., Silver Spring, MD.

    This final report describes the development of eight computer based science simulations designed for use with middle school mainstreamed students having learning disabilities or mild mental retardation. The total program includes software, a teacher's manual, 3 videos, and a set of 30 activity worksheets. Special features of the software for…

  4. Knowledge of Mental Capacity Issues in Community Teams for Adults with Learning Disabilities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Willner, Paul; Jenkins, Rosemary; Rees, Paul; Griffiths, Vanessa J.; John, Elinor

    2011-01-01

    Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the state of knowledge of mental capacity issues among health and social services professionals working in community teams supporting people with learning disabilities. Methods A structured interview was constructed around three scenarios, based on actual cases, concerning a financial/legal issue,…

  5. Differential Effects of Oral Reading to Improve Comprehension with Severe Learning Disabled and Educable Mentally Handicapped Students.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chang, S. Q.; And Others

    1983-01-01

    Evaluated the effectiveness of oral reading for improving reading comprehension of 11 educable mentally handicapped or severe learning disabled adolescents who answered comprehension questions from a short factual article. Oral reading appeared to improve comprehension among the poorer readers but not for readers with moderately high ability. (JAC)

  6. 28 CFR 36.104 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities; (iii) The phrase physical or mental... Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF DISABILITY BY PUBLIC...— Act means the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (Pub. L. 101-336, 104 Stat. 327, 42 U.S.C. 12101...

  7. The Characteristics of Learning Disabled and Other Handicapped Students Referred for Evaluation in the State of Iowa.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wilson, Lonny; And Others

    1986-01-01

    Demographic data, IQ, achievement, perceptual-motor, behavior ratings, and diagnostic classification (learning, mental, emotional disability or no handicap) were analyzed for all children (N=2002) referred for complete psychological evaluation during one school year in Iowa. Learning disabled children showed a distinct pattern different from…

  8. Learning Disabilities: What Are They? Helping Teachers and Parents Understand the Characteristics

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cimera, Robert Evert

    2007-01-01

    "Specific Learning Disability" is by far the largest category of conditions served in special education. Unfortunately, few parents (and educators) really understand what learning disabilities are. Many erroneously believe it is a "politically correct" term for "mildly mentally retarded" or "dull normal." Further, while most laypeople have heard…

  9. 1 CFR 457.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term “physical or mental impairment” includes, but is not limited to, such diseases and... self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (3...

  10. 12 CFR 794.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment includes, but is not limited to, such diseases and... self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (3...

  11. 31 CFR 17.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment includes, but is not limited to, such diseases and..., performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (3) Has a...

  12. 22 CFR 711.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment includes, but is not limited to, such diseases and... self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (3...

  13. 22 CFR 1005.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment includes, but is not limited to, such diseases and... self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (3...

  14. 5 CFR 723.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment includes, but is not limited to, such diseases and... self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (3...

  15. 29 CFR 4907.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term “physical or mental impairment” includes, but is not limited to, such diseases and... self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (3...

  16. 45 CFR 606.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment includes, but is not limited to, such diseases and... self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (3...

  17. 10 CFR 4.503 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term “physical or mental impairment” includes, but is not limited to, such diseases and... self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (3...

  18. 5 CFR 900.703 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment includes, but is not limited to, such diseases and..., performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (3) Has a...

  19. 20 CFR 365.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term “physical or mental impairment” includes, but is not limited to, such diseases and... self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (3...

  20. 10 CFR 1041.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment includes, but is not limited to, such diseases and..., performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (3) Has a...

  1. 32 CFR 1699.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment includes, but is not limited to, such disease and... self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (3...

  2. The Utility of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment as a Mental Capacity Assessment Tool for Patients with a Learning Disability

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Edge, Daniel; Oyefeso, Adenekan; Evans, Carys; Evans, Amber

    2016-01-01

    Objective: To determine the psychometric properties of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in patients with a learning disability and examine it's utility for conducting mental capacity assessment. Method: This study was a cross-sectional, instrument validation study in an inpatient hospital setting, located in the East of England. The sample…

  3. Performance of Hispanic Educable Mentally Retarded, Learning Disabled, and Nonclassified Students on the WISC-RM, SOMPA, and S-KABC: Short-Term Study One. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rueda, Robert; And Others

    The study examined performance of limited-English proficient Hispanic students on a battery of psychometric instruments designed to appropriately assess linguistic minority students. Subjects consisted of three groups: 44 nonhandicapped, 45 learning-disabled, and 39 mildly mentally retarded elementary-level students. Instruments included the…

  4. The Mental Health of Children and Adolescents with Learning Disabilities in Britain

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Emerson, Eric; Hatton, Chris

    2007-01-01

    A previous project by the Foundation for People with Learning Disabilities analysed data that had been collected by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) in 1999 in their survey of the mental health of children and adolescents in Great Britain. The Foundation found that in this nationally representative sample of just over 10,000 children, 39%…

  5. Gender-Related Differences in Placement Rates of Young Adults with Mental Retardation and Severe Learning Disabilities.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Botuck, S.; And Others

    1996-01-01

    This study examined placement outcomes for 133 individuals (most aged 17 to 21) with mental retardation or severe learning disability. Nearly 50% of the men but only 1% of the women were competitively employed. Results suggest the need for more rehabilitation training for women, focusing on self-determination skills (assertiveness, self-advocacy,…

  6. Adapting Art Instruction for Students with Disabilities.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Platt, Jennifer M.; Janeczko, Donna

    1991-01-01

    This article presents adaptations for teaching art to students with disabilities. Various techniques, methods, and materials are described by category of disability, including students with mental disabilities, visual impairments, hearing impairments, learning disabilities, emotional disabilities, and physical disabilities. (JDD)

  7. 41 CFR 51-10.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term “physical or mental impairment” includes, but is not limited to, such diseases and... self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (3...

  8. 32 CFR 1906.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term “physical or mental impairment” includes, but is not limited to, such diseases and..., performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and working; (3) Has a...

  9. Marching to a Different Beat: A Bibliography of Materials about Children at Risk because of Disabilities and/or Abilities.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Buckingham, Betty Jo

    This annotated bibliography covers materials about children at risk because of disabilities and/or abilities. The bibliography includes approximately 560 entries. The following categories are addressed: autism; gifted; handicapped--general and multiple; hearing impaired/deaf; learning disabilities; mental illness; mentally handicapped/brain…

  10. Patterns of employment and independent living of adult graduates with learning disabilities and mental retardation of an inclusionary high school vocational program.

    PubMed

    Luftig, Richard L; Muthert, Dorothy

    2005-01-01

    Vocational/employment and independent living for individuals with disabilities has been a major area of interest for those interested in transition from school to work and adulthood. Recent statistics for such individuals continue to be poor and problematic. The present study investigated a group of adults with either specific learning disabilities or mild mental retardation who had graduated or exited an inclusionary high school which emphasized vocational technology training and independent living skills. The results indicated higher than the national average for employment and rate of pay as well as stronger than expected indicators of independent living in terms of mobility. The largest group of individuals, however, were still residing with their parents. Respondents with learning disabilities were doing better than their mentally retarded counterparts in terms of many of the indicators but individuals with mental retardation were still doing strongly when compared against figures reported in other studies. Results are discussed in terms of recommendations for generalization as well as the educational model used for these students.

  11. The Presence of Learning Disabled Youth in Our Juvenile Institutions: Excusable or Gross Negligence

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Inesia-Forde, Angelina

    2005-01-01

    One of the most significant problems in the area of learning disabilities and delinquency is failure in recognizing the characteristics of the LD (Learning Disabled) by the juvenile justice system. Therefore, a number of useful techniques, skills, and strategies are provided to help court officers, educators, mental health professionals, and…

  12. 34 CFR 1200.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) NATIONAL COUNCIL ON DISABILITY... COUNCIL ON DISABILITY § 1200.103 Definitions. For purposes of this part, the term— Assistant Attorney... mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning...

  13. Fruit flies and intellectual disability.

    PubMed

    Bolduc, François V; Tully, Tim

    2009-01-01

    Mental retardation--known more commonly nowadays as intellectual disability--is a severe neurological condition affecting up to 3% of the general population. As a result of the analysis of familial cases and recent advances in clinical genetic testing, great strides have been made in our understanding of the genetic etiologies of mental retardation. Nonetheless, no treatment is currently clinically available to patients suffering from intellectual disability. Several animal models have been used in the study of memory and cognition. Established paradigms in Drosophila have recently captured cognitive defects in fly mutants for orthologs of genes involved in human intellectual disability. We review here three protocols designed to understand the molecular genetic basis of learning and memory in Drosophila and the genes identified so far with relation to mental retardation. In addition, we explore the mental retardation genes for which evidence of neuronal dysfunction other than memory has been established in Drosophila. Finally, we summarize the findings in Drosophila for mental retardation genes for which no neuronal information is yet available. All in all, this review illustrates the impressive overlap between genes identified in human mental retardation and genes involved in physiological learning and memory.

  14. Learning Disabilities: A Multifaceted Health Threat

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Williams, J. Floyd

    1976-01-01

    Learning disabilities are a health threat because they prevent a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and they should be treated with a variety of remedial strategies reflecting their multiple causes. (MB)

  15. Increasing the health literacy of learning disability and mental health nurses in physical care skills: a pre and post-test evaluation of a workshop on diabetes care.

    PubMed

    Hemingway, Steve; Stephenson, John; Trotter, Fiona; Clifton, Andrew; Holdich, Phillip

    2015-01-01

    This paper presents the pre- and post-test results of the outcomes of a workshop designed to increase learning disability and mental health nurses' knowledge and skill to undertake interventions for service users at risk of, or with a diagnosis of, type 2 diabetes. Health literacy is also discussed as a way of explaining why such nurses may lack expertise in physical health care. Findings from the workshop show that learning disability and mental health nurses have the motivation to increase their health literacy (skills and knowledge) in diabetes care. The potential of such workshops, and how organisations looking forward to the future can build health literacy, is discussed. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  16. "Planning Live": Using a Person-Centred Intervention to Reduce Admissions to and Length of Stay in Learning Disability Inpatient Facilities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bartle, Janet; Crossland, Tom; Hewitt, Olivia

    2016-01-01

    Background: Recent government policy has focused on reducing the number of people with a learning disability receiving treatment for challenging behaviour or mental health difficulties in hospitals (including in assessment and treatment units; ATU). People with a learning disability should be supported to remain in their community when receiving…

  17. Diagnosing a Learning Disability in a Hearing-Impaired Child.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Plapinger, Donald; Sikora, Darryn

    1990-01-01

    This paper presents a case study that used an interdisciplinary diagnostic approach to determine whether a hearing-impaired nine-year-old child had a learning disability and to determine the type of disability. The assessment included medical examination, gross and fine motor skills, psychological functioning, mental processing and achievement,…

  18. 45 CFR 707.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... ON THE BASIS OF DISABILITY IN PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED BY U.S. COMMISSION ON CIVIL RIGHTS... real or personal property. (e) Individual with disabilities means any person who has a physical or... mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning...

  19. Greek Young Adults with Specific Learning Disabilities Seeking Learning Assessments

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bonti, Eleni; Bampalou, Christina E.; Kouimtzi, Eleni M.; Kyritsis, Zacharias

    2018-01-01

    The purpose of this study is to investigate the reasons why Greek young adults with Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD) seek learning assessments. The study sample consisted of 106 adults meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria for SLD. Data were collected through self-report records (clinical interview) of adults…

  20. 22 CFR 1510.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ..., organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term physical..., walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (3) Has a record of such an.... 1617); the Rehabilitation, Comprehensive Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978...

  1. 29 CFR 100.503 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term..., walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (3) Has a record of such an.... 1617); the Rehabilitation, Comprehensive Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978...

  2. 38 CFR 15.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term physical..., walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (3) Has a record of such an.... 1617); the Rehabilitation, Comprehensive Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978...

  3. 5 CFR 1850.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ..., organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term physical..., walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (3) Has a record of such an.... 1617); the Rehabilitation, Comprehensive Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978...

  4. 11 CFR 6.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment includes, but is not limited to, such... one's self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and... Stat. 1617), and the Rehabilitation, Comprehensive Services, and Developmental Disabilities Act of 1978...

  5. 17 CFR 200.603 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ..., organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term physical..., walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (3) Has a record of such an.... 1617); the Rehabilitation, Comprehensive Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978...

  6. 13 CFR 136.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment includes, but is not limited to, such... for one's self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and... Rehabilitation, Comprehensive Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-602, 92...

  7. 29 CFR 33.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term physical..., walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (c) Has a record of such an... Stat. 1617), the Rehabilitation, Comprehensive Services, and Developmental Disabilities Act of 1978...

  8. 36 CFR 1154.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term physical..., walking, seeing, hearing, speaking breathing, learning, and working. (3) Has a record of such an...), and the Rehabilitation, Comprehensive Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978 (Pub...

  9. The way forward for learning disability nursing.

    PubMed

    Camus, Heather

    This article looks at a possible future or direction for learning disability nursing. Taking into account the physical, emotional, spiritual, social, medical, dental and mental health needs of people with learning disabilities, and reports from Mencap, this article outlines the need for flexibility and innovation from within the nursing profession. One forward-thinking residential home is identified who employ their own learning disability nurse to to support the residents in achieving good health and encourage communication skills between staff and residents and to promote individual rights, choice, privacy and dignity.

  10. 20 CFR 404.1513 - Medical and other evidence of your impairment(s).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... in a school setting, for purposes of establishing mental retardation, learning disabilities, and..., SURVIVORS AND DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Determining Disability and Blindness Evidence § 404.1513 Medical...

  11. 34 CFR 377.5 - What definitions apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., specific learning disability, end-stage renal disease, or another disability or combination of disabilities... individual with a disability who is not currently receiving services under an individualized written... with a disability means any individual who— (1) Has a physical or mental impairment that for that...

  12. The Effect of Focusing on the Cognitive Processes of Learning Disabled Children.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Maier, Arlee S.

    1980-01-01

    The effect of focused or preorganized instruction on the mental operations of 64 learning disabled (LD) children (8 to 12 years old) was examined. Results indicated focused instruction had a positive effect on cognitive functioning. (Author)

  13. 45 CFR 1153.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment includes, but is not limited to... caring for one's self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning..., Comprehensive Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-602, 92 Stat. 2955). As...

  14. 11 CFR 9420.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... learning disabilities. The term “physical or mental impairment” includes, but is not limited to, such... one's self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and... Rehabilitation, Comprehensive Services, and Developmental Disabilities Act of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-602, 92 Stat. 2955...

  15. 25 CFR 720.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment includes, but is not limited to... caring for one's self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning..., Comprehensive Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-602, 92 Stat. 2955). As...

  16. 36 CFR 1208.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment includes, but is not limited to... caring for one's self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning..., Comprehensive Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-602, 92 Stat. 2955); and...

  17. 14 CFR 1251.503 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment includes, but is not limited to... caring for one's self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning..., Comprehensive Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-602, 92 Stat. 2955); and...

  18. 34 CFR 105.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment includes, but is not limited to... caring for one's self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning..., Comprehensive Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-602, 92 Stat. 2955); the...

  19. 1 CFR 500.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment includes, but is not limited to... caring for one's self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning..., Comprehensive Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-602, 92 Stat. 2955). As...

  20. 22 CFR 530.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment includes, but is not limited to... caring for one's self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning..., Comprehensive Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-602, 92 Stat. 2955). As...

  1. 44 CFR 16.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment includes, but is not limited to... caring for one's self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning..., Comprehensive Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-602, 92 Stat. 2955); and...

  2. Accommodations for Multiple Choice Tests

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Trammell, Jack

    2011-01-01

    Students with learning or learning-related disabilities frequently struggle with multiple choice assessments due to difficulty discriminating between items, filtering out distracters, and framing a mental best answer. This Practice Brief suggests accommodations and strategies that disability service providers can utilize in conjunction with…

  3. Mental health and learning disability nursing students' perceptions of the usefulness of the objective structured clinical examination to assess their competence in medicine administration.

    PubMed

    Hemingway, Steve; Stephenson, John; Roberts, Bronwyn; McCann, Terence

    2014-08-01

    The aim of this study was to evaluate mental health and learning disability nursing students' perceptions of the usefulness of the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) in assessing their administration of medicine competence. Learning disability (n = 24) and mental health (n = 46) students from a single cohort were invited to evaluate their experience of the OSCE. A 10-item survey questionnaire was used, comprising open- and closed-response questions. Twelve (50%) learning disability and 32 (69.6%) mental health nursing students participated. The OSCE was rated highly compared to other theoretical assessments; it was also reported as clinically real and as a motivational learning strategy. However, it did not rate as well as clinical practice. Content analysis of written responses identified four themes: (i) benefits of the OSCE; (ii) suggestions to improve the OSCE; (iii) concern about the lack of clinical reality of the OSCE; and (iv) OSCE-induced stress. The themes, although repeating some of the positive statistical findings, showed that participants were critical of the university setting as a place to conduct clinical assessment, highlighted OSCE-related stress, and questioned the validity of the OSCE as a real-world assessment. The OSCE has an important role in the development of student nurses' administration of medicine skills. However, it might hinder their performance as a result of the stress of being assessed in a simulated environment.

  4. Adapting Evidence-Based Interventions for Students with Developmental Disabilities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gilmore, Linda; Campbell, Marilyn; Shochet, Ian

    2016-01-01

    Students with developmental disabilities have many challenges with learning and adaptive behaviour, as well as a higher prevalence rate of mental health problems. Although there is a substantial body of evidence for effcacious interventions for enhancing resilience and promoting mental health in typically developing children, very few programs…

  5. Attending Behavior: Commonalities and Differences Among Educable Retarded, Learning Disabled, and Emotionally Handicapped Juvenile Delinquents.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hill, Nancy C.; And Others

    The study investigated three variables--juvenile delinquency, academic achievement, and attention span--with 77 incarcerated juveniles [18 emotionally handicapped (EH), 20 learning disabled (LD), 19 educable mentally retarded (EMR), and 20 nonidentified]. The Detroit Tests of Learning Aptitude were used for testing in the areas of visual and…

  6. 49 CFR 1014.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... specific learning disabilities. The term “physical or mental impairment” includes, but is not limited to... caring for one's self performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning..., Comprehensive Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-602, 92 Stat. 2955). As...

  7. 22 CFR 1103.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment includes, but is not limited to... caring for one's self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning... Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-602, 92 Stat. 2955). As used in...

  8. 45 CFR 1175.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment includes, but is not limited to... caring for one's self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning... Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-602, 92 Stat. 2955). As used in...

  9. 22 CFR 144.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... specific learning disabilities. The term “physical or mental impairment” includes, but is not limited to... caring for one's self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning..., Comprehensive Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-602, 92 Stat. 2955). As...

  10. 12 CFR 410.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment includes, but is not limited to... caring for one's self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning... Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-602, 92 Stat. 2955). As used in...

  11. 45 CFR 85.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment includes, but is not limited to, such... for one's self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning and... Disabilities Amendments of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-602, 92 Stat. 2955); the Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1986 (Pub...

  12. 12 CFR 606.603 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ..., organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term physical..., walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (3) Has a record of such an... Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-602, 92 Stat. 2955); and the Rehabilitation Act...

  13. 47 CFR 1.1803 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ...; muscular dystrophy; multiple sclerosis; cancer; heart disease; diabetes; mental retardation; emotional..., organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities; (iii) Diseases...

  14. 47 CFR 1.1803 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...; muscular dystrophy; multiple sclerosis; cancer; heart disease; diabetes; mental retardation; emotional..., organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities; (iii) Diseases...

  15. Financial Barriers for Students with Non-Apparent Disabilities within Canadian Postsecondary Education

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chambers, Tony; Bolton, Melissa; Sukhai, Mahadeo A.

    2013-01-01

    This study examined the education-related debt, sources of debt, and the process of acquiring accommodations for students with non-apparent (such as learning disabilities and mental health disabilities) and apparent disabilities in Canadian postsecondary education. A third group emerged during analyses, students with medical disabilities, which…

  16. 43 CFR 17.207 - Notification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... vision or hearing, the mentally retarded, the learning disabled, and any other disability that impairs the communication process, and unions or professional organizations holding collective bargaining or...

  17. Behavioral Disorders, Learning Disabilities and Megavitamin Therapy.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    LaPerchia, Phyllis

    1987-01-01

    Presents findings from several sources that give results of research in megavitamin nutritional therapy. Examines vitamin therapy in learning disabilities in general, schizophrenia, autism, mental retardation and Down's syndrome, and hyperkinesis. Concludes that holistic approach to treatment is needed and that vitamin therapy, if proven…

  18. 41 CFR 105-8.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... specific learning disabilities. The term “Physical or mental impairment” includes, but is not limited to... caring for one's self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning... Disabilities Amendments of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-602, 92 Stat. 2955); and the Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1986...

  19. A literature review exploring the preparation of mental health nurses for working with people with learning disability and mental illness.

    PubMed

    Adshead, Stephanie; Collier, Elizabeth; Kennedy, Sarah

    2015-03-01

    The aim of this literature review is to explore whether mental health nurses are being appropriately prepared to care for learning disabled patients who also suffer from mental ill health. A systematic approach was adopted in order to identify relevant literature for review on the topic. Five electronic databases were searched; CINAHL, Medline, ERIC, PubMed and Scopus. Searches were limited to the years 2001-2013. A total of 13 articles were identified as relevant to the topic area for review. Three main themes were identified relating to (a) attitudes (b) practice and (c) education. There appears to be a lack of research that directly addresses this issue and the existing literature suggests that there are considerable deficits in the ability of mental health nurses to be able to provide appropriate care for those with both a learning disability and mental ill health. The findings of this review would suggest that this topic area is in urgent need of further investigation and research. Further research into this area of practice could possibly help to inform education regarding this subject at pre-registration and post qualifying levels, which could therefore in turn, improve the delivery of mental health nursing care to this particular client group. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  20. The Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity Levels among Forensic Inpatients with Learning Disability

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Russell, Rachel; Chester, Verity; Watson, James; Nyakunuwa, Canisius; Child, Lucy; McDermott, Mary; Drake, Sharon; Alexander, Regi T.

    2018-01-01

    Background: Inpatient mental health settings have been described as "obesogenic," due to factors including psychotropic medication, high-calorie food provision, restricted physical activity and sedentary lifestyles. No research has investigated the prevalence of obesity among forensic inpatients with learning disability, despite this…

  1. 47 CFR 1.1803 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities; (iii) Diseases... on the Basis of Disability In Programs or Activities Conducted By the Federal Communications... Counsel means the General Counsel of the Federal Communications Commission. Individual with a disability...

  2. Course Completion and Attainment in Disabled Students Taking Courses with the Open University UK

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Richardson, John T. E.

    2010-01-01

    This investigation compared outcomes in disabled and non-disabled students taking courses by distance learning with the Open University UK in 2003. Students with mental health difficulties showed poorer course completion than non-disabled students. Students with restricted mobility and students with other disabilities showed lower pass rates than…

  3. Self-Directed Workplace Literacy Distance Learning for Developmental Disabilities Workers. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Denny, Verna Haskins

    The Self-Directed Workplace Literacy Distance Learning Project demonstrated a model workplace literacy program that helped direct care workers in state-operated developmental disabilities facilities improve their literacy skills for a changing workplace. During the project, 268 New York State Office of Mental Retardation and Developmental…

  4. Addressing Physical and Emotional Issues in Children's Literature

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Johnson, Jonathon

    2010-01-01

    The purpose of this paper is to examine how physical and mental disabilities are addressed in children's literature. Many authors are able to integrate the issues into their work in a way that enhances the story and benefits the reader. As young readers learn about the issues and struggles faced by children with mental and physical disabilities,…

  5. 43 CFR 17.207 - Notification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... vision or hearing, the mentally retarded, the learning disabled, and any other disability that impairs... 90 days of the effective date of this subpart. Methods of initial and continuing notification may...

  6. 43 CFR 17.207 - Notification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... vision or hearing, the mentally retarded, the learning disabled, and any other disability that impairs... 90 days of the effective date of this subpart. Methods of initial and continuing notification may...

  7. 43 CFR 17.207 - Notification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... vision or hearing, the mentally retarded, the learning disabled, and any other disability that impairs... 90 days of the effective date of this subpart. Methods of initial and continuing notification may...

  8. 43 CFR 17.207 - Notification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... vision or hearing, the mentally retarded, the learning disabled, and any other disability that impairs... 90 days of the effective date of this subpart. Methods of initial and continuing notification may...

  9. 45 CFR 1308.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... health impairments or specific learning disabilities; and who, by reason thereof, need special education... PROGRAM PERFORMANCE STANDARDS ON SERVICES FOR CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES General § 1308.3 Definitions. As... Regional Office staff. (b) The term children with disabilities means children with mental retardation...

  10. Signs of neurobehavioral dysfunction in a sample of learning disabled children: stability and concurrent validity.

    PubMed

    Morrison, D C; Hinshaw, S P; Carte, E T

    1985-12-01

    Of 270 learning disabled children with average intelligence and significant delays in reading comprehension a sample of 37 were evaluated for signs of neurobehavioral dysfunction. All such signs--primitive reflexes, equilibrium reactions, and postrotary nystagmus--were reliably assessed. A subsample of 19 children was compared with developmentally normal and mentally retarded samples for the occurrence of tonic neck reflexes and equilibrium reactions. The learning disabled children consistently showed deviancies like those of the retarded children; both of these groups differed from the normal children on most measures. These deviant responses persisted over a 9-mo. period for the learning disabled group. Compared with norms, the total learning disabled sample displayed hyponystagmus, and this depressed nystagmus persisted for 11 mo. Results are discussed in relation to the lack of correlation among the various signs of neurobehavioral dysfunction in the learning disabled children.

  11. Mental Health Problems in Children and Young People with Learning Disabilities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Moradi Sheykhjan, Tohid

    2015-01-01

    We all have mental health. Mental health relates to how we think, feel, behave and interact with other people. At its simplest, good mental health is the absence of a mental disorder or mental health problem. Adults, children and young people with good mental health are likely to have high levels of mental wellbeing. The World Health Organisation…

  12. 34 CFR 300.704 - State-level activities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... mental health services for children with disabilities; (iv) To improve the use of technology in the classroom by children with disabilities to enhance learning; (v) To support the use of technology, including... CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES Authorization, Allotment, Use of Funds, and Authorization of Appropriations...

  13. 34 CFR 300.704 - State-level activities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... mental health services for children with disabilities; (iv) To improve the use of technology in the classroom by children with disabilities to enhance learning; (v) To support the use of technology, including... CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES Authorization, Allotment, Use of Funds, and Authorization of Appropriations...

  14. 34 CFR 300.704 - State-level activities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... mental health services for children with disabilities; (iv) To improve the use of technology in the classroom by children with disabilities to enhance learning; (v) To support the use of technology, including... CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES Authorization, Allotment, Use of Funds, and Authorization of Appropriations...

  15. 34 CFR 300.704 - State-level activities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... mental health services for children with disabilities; (iv) To improve the use of technology in the classroom by children with disabilities to enhance learning; (v) To support the use of technology, including... CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES Authorization, Allotment, Use of Funds, and Authorization of Appropriations...

  16. 34 CFR 300.704 - State-level activities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... mental health services for children with disabilities; (iv) To improve the use of technology in the classroom by children with disabilities to enhance learning; (v) To support the use of technology, including... CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES Authorization, Allotment, Use of Funds, and Authorization of Appropriations...

  17. Fruit flies and intellectual disability

    PubMed Central

    Bolduc, François V.; Tully, Tim

    2011-01-01

    Mental retardation—known more commonly nowadays as intellectual disability—is a severe neurological condition affecting up to 3% of the general population. As a result of the analysis of familial cases and recent advances in clinical genetic testing, great strides have been made in our understanding of the genetic etiologies of mental retardation. Nonetheless, no treatment is currently clinically available to patients suffering from intellectual disability. Several animal models have been used in the study of memory and cognition. Established paradigms in Drosophila have recently captured cognitive defects in fly mutants for orthologs of genes involved in human intellectual disability. We review here three protocols designed to understand the molecular genetic basis of learning and memory in Drosophila and the genes identified so far with relation to mental retardation. In addition, we explore the mental retardation genes for which evidence of neuronal dysfunction other than memory has been established in Drosophila. Finally, we summarize the findings in Drosophila for mental retardation genes for which no neuronal information is yet available. All in all, this review illustrates the impressive overlap between genes identified in human mental retardation and genes involved in physiological learning and memory. PMID:19182539

  18. Facilitating Academic and Mental Health Resilience in Students with a Learning Disability

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Piers, Lisa; Duquette, Cheryll A.

    2016-01-01

    This qualitative study explored the educational journeys of five postsecondary students with learning disabilities (LD) from the perspective of the students and their families. Using a resilience lens, it examined the challenges that they faced and the capacities and resources that facilitated their resilience and helped them achieve their current…

  19. Brief Report: Imaginative Drawing in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Learning Disabilities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Allen, Melissa L.; Craig, Eleanore

    2016-01-01

    Here we examine imaginative drawing abilities in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and learning disabilities (LD) under several conditions: spontaneous production, with use of a template, and combining two real entities to form an "unreal" entity. Sixteen children in each group, matched on mental and chronological age, were…

  20. Knowledge of Advocacy Options within Services for People with Learning Disabilities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Martins, Claudia Da Silva; Willner, Paul; Brown, Amanda; Jenkins, Rosemary

    2011-01-01

    Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent to which care managers in learning disability services understand the role of the Independent Mental Capacity Advocate (IMCA) service, and the difference between the newly created statutory IMCA and existing general advocacy (GA) services. Method: There were 22 participants from three…

  1. A Mindfulness-Based Group for Young People with Learning Disabilities: A Pilot Study

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Thornton, Victoria; Williamson, Rachel; Cooke, Bronwen

    2017-01-01

    Background: Mindfulness is becoming increasingly reported as an effective way to support well-being and reduce mental health difficulties. Materials and Methods: This study reports on the development and pilot of a mindfulness-based group for young people with learning disabilities and their carers. Results: Group participants reported that the…

  2. Sequential and Simultaneous Processing in Children with Learning Disabilities: An Attempted Replication.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bain, Sherry K.

    1993-01-01

    Analysis of Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) Sequential and Simultaneous Processing scores of 94 children (ages 6-12) with learning disabilities produced factor patterns generally supportive of the traditional K-ABC Mental Processing structure with the exception of Spatial Memory. The sample exhibited relative processing strengths…

  3. 77 FR 39800 - Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Disability in Air Travel: Draft Technical Assistance Manual

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-05

    ... specific learning disabilities. (Sec. 382.3). What is not considered a physical or mental impairment... Secretary 14 CFR Part 382 Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Disability in Air Travel: Draft Technical... [Docket No. DOT-OST-2012--0098] Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Disability in Air Travel: Draft...

  4. 6 CFR 15.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment includes, but is not limited to... DISABILITY IN PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY § 15.3 Definitions. For... disabilities shall also identify (where possible) the alleged victims of discrimination. (c) Facility means all...

  5. Making Creative Drama Accessible to Handicapped Children.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Warger, Cynthia L.

    1985-01-01

    A case study illustrates ways in which creative drama activities can be modified to foster accessibility for students with hearing impairments, orthopedic disabilities, visual problems, learning disabilities, mental retardation, and behavior disorders. (CL)

  6. 13 CFR 113.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment includes, but is not limited to... for one's self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and...

  7. Leadership and learning disability nursing.

    PubMed

    Jukes, Mark; Aspinall, Susan-Louise

    Leadership is seen as critical for the transformation of learning disability services and has been further emphasised since the publication of Transforming Care, the Department of Health's response to the review of events at Winterbourne View. What is clear within learning disability nursing and services is the demand for leadership in the quest for improving the quality and effectiveness of services across health and social care. This article discusses the challenges for the undergraduate learning disability nurse with the recommendation to pursue a framework that promotes and focuses on integrating knowledge transfer into services for people with a learning disability. It explores practice change using the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARiHS) framework, and the example of the involvement of service users in practitioner training on the Mental Capacity Act 2005 and consent and capacity to consent for treatment.

  8. Parental and Teacher Perspectives on Assistive Technology

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Peterson, Darrell Howard

    2017-01-01

    The Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act (IDEA) of 1997 demands that assistive technology be considered for all students with disabilities, yet it is vastly underutilized amongst people with mental retardation (Arc, 1993; Wehmeyer, 1995), learning disabilities (Jeffs, Behrmann, & Bannan-Ritland, 2006; Lewis, 1998; Raskind, Higgins,…

  9. 28 CFR 41.31 - Handicapped person.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... learning disabilities. The term “physical or mental impairment” includes, but is not limited to, such... one's self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and...

  10. 45 CFR 1151.11 - Handicapped person.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment includes, but is not limited to... caring for one's self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning...

  11. 14 CFR 1251.102 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ..., organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term physical..., walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (iii) Has a record of such an...

  12. Concurrent Validity of the Stanford-Binet: Fourth Edition and Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children with Learning-Disabled Students.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Knight, B. Caleb; And Others

    1990-01-01

    Examined the concurrent validity of the composite and area scores of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition (SBIV) and the Mental Processing Composite and global scale scores of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children in Black, learning-disabled elementary school students (N=30). Findings demonstrated adequate concurrent…

  13. Adapting Piano Instruction to the Needs of Children with Learning Disabilities: Merging Research & Intervention.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Smith, Corinne Roth

    A music reading program was successful in teaching note reading in a nearly errorless fashion to one educable mentally handicapped and two learning-disabled piano students (aged 6-13). The program was based on principles extracted from the psychological and educational research literature and included the need to: (1) use symbols that catch…

  14. Pedagogically Bereft! Improving Learning Outcomes for Children with Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Carpenter, Barry

    2011-01-01

    Foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is the most common non-genetic cause of learning disability, affecting around 1% of live births in Europe, and costing an estimated $2.9 million per individual across their lifespan. In adulthood, non-reversible brain damage is often compounded by secondary disabilities in adulthood, such as mental health…

  15. Systemic Analysis of Brain Mechanisms Underlying Learning Disabilities: An Introduction to the Brain Behavior Relationship.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Scaramella-Nowinski, Valerie L.

    The paper presents a discussion of human mental processes as they relate to learning disabilities. Pathognomonic symptoms associated with disturbances to brain areas or functional systems are discussed, as well as treatment procedures. This brain behavior relationship is offered as a basis for a classification system that is seen to more clearly…

  16. Confessions and Reflections of the Black Sheep of the Learning Disabilities Field

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Siegel, Linda S.

    2012-01-01

    The educational systems in all countries have failed to adequately address the problems of students with learning disabilities. Antisocial behaviour, homelessness, mental health problems and even suicide are a result. This article will explore the reasons for this state of affairs. One of the major reasons is excessive reliance on testing without…

  17. Bannatyne-Recategorized WISC-R Patterns of Mentally Retarded, Learning Disabled, Normal, and Intellectually Superior Children: A Meta-Analysis.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mueller, Horst H.; And Others

    1983-01-01

    Metaanalytical procedures examined the Wechsler Intelligence Scale-Revised subtest performance patterns of 36 samples of below average, normal average, learning disabled average, and above average IQ children from research. Relative patterning of WISC-R subtests as reflected in children's Bannatyne-recategorized performance profiles appeared to be…

  18. Academic Achievement Performance of University Students with Disability: Exploring the Influence of Non-Academic Factors

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dryer, Rachel; Henning, Marcus A.; Tyson, Graham A.; Shaw, Rosemary

    2016-01-01

    This study examined whether: (1) the non-academic constructs of psychological well-being, motivation to learn and quality of life (QOL) explained the variance in the academic achievement of students with disability; and (2) students with a mental health disability (MHD) differed from students with other disability on academic achievement and on…

  19. Fathers of People with Intellectual Disability: A Review of the Literature

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Davys, Deborah; Mitchell, Duncan; Martin, Rachel

    2017-01-01

    The aim of this article is to review the literature related to fathers of people who have an intellectual disability (ID). Electronic databases and citation tracking were used to collate data using key terms such as fathers, adults with an ID, learning disability, mental handicap and developmental disability. Relevant articles were analysed and…

  20. 10 CFR 1040.62 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment includes, but is not limited to... manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning and working. (3) Has a record of...

  1. An Exploratory Study of Substance Use and Misuse among College Students with and without ADHD and Other Disabilities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Janusis, Grace M.; Weyandt, Lisa L.

    2010-01-01

    Objective: The present study investigated potential differences between college students with and without disabilities (including ADHD, Asperger's syndrome, executive functioning disorder, and learning, mental health, vision, hearing, and physical/chronic disabilities) regarding self-reported substance use and misuse, perceived stress, and…

  2. Barriers to the Inclusion of Volunteers with Developmental Disabilities.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Miller, Kimberly D.; Schleien, Stuart J.; Bedini, Leandra A.

    2003-01-01

    Responses from 214 of 500 volunteer agencies determined that 1.1% of their volunteers have developmental disabilities/mental retardation (DD/MR) and identified barriers and benefits that volunteer coordinators perceive regarding volunteers with DD/MR. There was interest in learning how to accommodate volunteers with disabilities. (Contains 14…

  3. 76 FR 69743 - The Development and Evaluation of Human Cytomegalovirus Vaccines; Public Workshop

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-09

    ... immune systems. Congenital HCMV infection causes mental retardation, learning disabilities, hearing loss, vision loss, and other disabilities. Patients undergoing stem cell or solid-organ transplants are at... available basis beginning at 8 a.m. If you need special accommodations due to a disability, please contact...

  4. 41 CFR 101-8.301 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term “physical or mental impairment” includes, but is not..., performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning and working. (3) Has a...

  5. Vantage point.

    PubMed

    Kay, Jenny

    2007-12-01

    It is estimated that 2 million people in England and Wales lack, at some time in their lives, sufficient mental capacity to make decisions for themselves. They include people with dementia, learning disabilities, mental health problems, stroke or head injuries.

  6. 32 CFR 56.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term includes such diseases and..., speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (3) Has a record of such an impairment. Has a history of, or...

  7. 22 CFR 1701.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ..., organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term..., learning, and working. (3) Has a record of such an impairment means has a history of, or has been...

  8. Incontinentia pigmenti: learning disabilities are a fundamental hallmark of the disease.

    PubMed

    Pizzamiglio, Maria Rosa; Piccardi, Laura; Bianchini, Filippo; Canzano, Loredana; Palermo, Liana; Fusco, Francesca; D'Antuono, Giovanni; Gelmini, Chiara; Garavelli, Livia; Ursini, Matilde Valeria

    2014-01-01

    Studies suggest that genetic factors are associated with the etiology of learning disabilities. Incontinentia Pigmenti (IP, OMIM#308300), which is caused by mutations of the IKBKG/NEMO gene, is a rare X-linked genomic disorder (1:10000/20:000) that affects the neuroectodermal tissues. It always affects the skin and sometimes the hair, teeth, nails, eyes and central nervous system (CNS). Data from IP patients demonstrate the heterogeneity of the clinical phenotype; about 30% have CNS manifestations. This extreme variability suggests that IP patients might also have learning disabilities. However, no studies in the literature have evaluated the cognitive profile of IP patients. In fact, the learning disability may go unnoticed in general neurological analyses, which focus on major disabling manifestations of the CNS. Here, we investigated the neuropsychological outcomes of a selected group of IP-patients by focusing on learning disabilities. We enrolled 10 women with IP (7 without mental retardation and 3 with mild to severe mental retardation) whose clinical diagnosis had been confirmed by the presence of a recurrent deletion in the IKBKG/NEMO gene. The participants were recruited from the Italian patients' association (I.P.A.SS.I. Onlus). They were submitted to a cognitive assessment that included the Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale and a battery of tests examining reading, arithmetic and writing skills. We found that 7 patients had deficits in calculation/arithmetic reasoning and reading but not writing skills; the remaining 3 had severe to mild intellectual disabilities. Results of this comprehensive evaluation of the molecular and psychoneurological aspects of IP make it possible to place "learning disabilities" among the CNS manifestations of the disease and suggest that the IKBKG/NEMO gene is a genetic determinant of this CNS defect. Our findings indicate the importance of an appropriate psychoneurological evaluation of IP patients, which includes early assessment of learning abilities, to prevent the onset of this deficit.

  9. Preliminary Findings of Learning Gains for Adult Learners with Developmental Disabilities. Research Brief No. 6

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Posey, Virginia; Jacobsen, Jared

    2007-01-01

    Public perception of adults with developmental disabilities realizing learning gains often remains illusive. This paper highlights key findings in achievement in basic skills for adults with mental retardation on a functional assessment in a life skills context for three program years (2003-2006). In this study the time period between the pre- and…

  10. The Career Success of an Adult with a Learning Disability: A Psychosocial Study of Amnesic-Semantic Aphasia.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kershner, John; And Others

    1995-01-01

    This case study describes a 39-year-old intellectually gifted man with learning disabilities who demonstrated symptoms of amnesic-semantic aphasia at age 13, leading to placement in a class for students with mental retardation and to dropping out of school. The man's remarkable behavioral and cognitive adjustments led to a fulfilling life and…

  11. Evaluating the Ability of and Enabling a Blind Adult with Learning Disability to Sign a Tenancy Agreement

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Waight, Mary Philomena; Oldreive, Warren James

    2012-01-01

    This paper aims to describe the process undertaken by Speech and Language Therapy and Occupational Therapy to assess a gentleman with learning disabilities and visual impairment with regard to his capacity to sign a tenancy agreement. It describes the method used to assess the gentleman's mental capacity before exploring the system used to provide…

  12. 7 CFR 15e.103 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ..., organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term..., learning, and working. (3) Has a record of such an impairment means has a history of, or has been...

  13. Production-orientated education and training of the mentally disabled in sheltered employment (PIONIER).

    PubMed

    Eicker, A; Schneider, S

    2000-03-10

    The development and realization of a production-orientated education and training system for mentally disabled people in sheltered employment in the course of the project PIONIER. It focuses on the metal and electronic branches of a workshop with a mentally disabled workforce in Alsdorf, Germany. For the development of the modules an assessment tool called MELBA was used to determine the abilities of the disabled people and the requirements of the tasks. Methods for the collection of this information was: observation, questionnaires and documents. Three months after the introduction of educational measures the improvements of the capacity for learning and education of disabled persons was visible. In the same way the development of their self-reliance and social abilities was recorded. The metal working branch was capable of fulfilling every task with respect to quality issues and within set delivery times. The electro working branch was accomplished enough to create new workplaces and to get orders from the computer industry. By the use of a qualification system like PIONIER the tasks of the disabled employees have been enlarged and enriched. In order to cope with the increase competition sheltered workshops have to realize new ways of vocational training for mentally disabled employees.

  14. Nurses' perceptions of personal attributes required when working with people with a learning disability and an offending background: a qualitative study.

    PubMed

    Lovell, A; Bailey, J

    2017-02-01

    WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Learning disability nursing in the area of people with a learning disability and an offending background has developed considerably over recent years, particularly since the publication of the Bradley (). There has been limited work into the competencies nurses require to work in this area, and even less about the personal attributes of learning disability nurses. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: Learning disability nursing's specific contribution to the care of this population lies in their knowledge of the interaction between the learning disability, an individual's, sometimes abusive, personal history and an understanding of the subsequent offending behaviour. The knowledge base of nurses working with people with learning disabilities and an offending background needs to reflect the changing service user group. This is particularly in relation to substance misuse, borderline personality disorder, and mental health and the way such factors inter-relate with the learning disability. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Further research is required into the relationship among decision making, risk taking or reluctance to do this, and the personal attributes required by nurses to work in secure learning disability care. Learning disability secure services are likely to continue to undergo change as circumstances alter and the offending population demonstrate greater complexity; nursing competencies and personal attributes need similarly to adapt to such changes. Mental health nursing has a great deal to contribute to effective working with this population, specifically with regard to developing strong relationships when concerns around borderline personality disorder or substance misuse are particularly in evidence. Aim To identify and discuss the personal attributes required by learning disability nurses to work effectively with people with an offending background in secure and community settings. Background This study was part of a larger research investigation into the nursing competencies required to work with people with an offending background. There are few existing studies examining the personal attributes necessary for working with this group. Design A qualitative study addressing the perceptions of nurses around the personal attributes required to work with people with learning disabilities and an offending background. Methods A semi-structured interview schedule was devised and constructed, and 39 individual interviews were subsequently undertaken with learning disability nurses working in high, medium, low secure and community settings. Data were collected over 1 year in 2010/11 and analysed using a structured thematic analysis supported by the software package MAXqda. Findings The thematic analysis produced three categories of personal attributes, named as looking deeper, achieving balance and connecting, each of which contained a further three sub-categories. Conclusion Nursing of those with a learning disability and an offending background continues to develop. The interplay among personal history, additional background factors, nurses' personal attributes and learning disability is critical for effective relationship building. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  15. Students with Disabilities: Opportunities and Challenges for Colleges and Universities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lee, Barbara A.

    2014-01-01

    Data collected by the US Department of Education in 2008 indicate that US colleges and universities enrolled 707,000 students with disabilities, divided roughly equally between public and private institutions. The survey found that 31 percent of these students reported learning disabilities, 18 percent ADD or ADHD, 15 percent mental illness or…

  16. Developmental Disabilities Manual, 1984-1985. Revised. Delta College Parent Awareness. Developmental Disabilities/Parent Awareness Program.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Delta Coll., University Center, MI. Allied Health-Community Affairs.

    Developed as part of Delta College's Parent Awareness Program, this manual offers parents and family members of handicapped children explanations of the following conditions: mental retardation, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, learning disabilities, and autism. In the first section, "Special Parenting Information," Gerri Caesar describes her own…

  17. 34 CFR 376.30 - What priorities are considered for support by the Secretary under this part?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... illness, mental retardation, and learning disability. (d) Transitional rehabilitation services for... DISABILITIES How Does the Secretary Make a Grant? § 376.30 What priorities are considered for support by the... result directly in competitive or supported employment for youths with disabilities within the labor...

  18. Mental health first aid training by e-learning: a randomized controlled trial.

    PubMed

    Jorm, Anthony F; Kitchener, Betty A; Fischer, Julie-Anne; Cvetkovski, Stefan

    2010-12-01

    Mental Health First Aid training is a course for the public that teaches how to give initial help to a person developing a mental health problem or in a mental health crisis. The present study evaluated the effects of Mental Health First Aid training delivered by e-learning on knowledge about mental disorders, stigmatizing attitudes and helping behaviour. A randomized controlled trial was carried out with 262 members of the Australian public. Participants were randomly assigned to complete an e-learning CD, read a Mental Health First Aid manual or be in a waiting list control group. The effects of the interventions were evaluated using online questionnaires pre- and post-training and at 6-months follow up. The questionnaires covered mental health knowledge, stigmatizing attitudes, confidence in providing help to others, actions taken to implement mental health first aid and participant mental health. Both e-learning and the printed manual increased aspects of knowledge, reduced stigma and increased confidence compared to waiting list. E-learning also improved first aid actions taken more than waiting list, and was superior to the printed manual in reducing stigma and disability due to mental ill health. Mental Health First Aid information received by either e-learning or printed manual had positive effects, but e-learning was better at reducing stigma.

  19. Understanding Intellectual Disability through Rasopathies

    PubMed Central

    Alvaro, San Martín; Rafael, Pagani Mario

    2014-01-01

    Intellectual disability, commonly known as mental retardation in the International Classification of Disease from World Health Organization, is the term that describes an intellectual and adaptive cognitive disability that begins in early life during the developmental period. Currently the term intellectual disability is the preferred one. Although our understanding of the physiological basis of learning and learning disability is poor, a general idea is that such condition is quite permanent. However, investigations in animal models suggest that learning disability can be functional in nature and as such reversible through pharmacology or appropriate learning paradigms. A fraction of the cases of intellectual disability is caused by point mutations or deletions in genes that encode for proteins of the RAS/MAP Kinase signaling pathway known as RASopathies. Here we examined the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in this group of genetic disorders focusing in studies which provide evidence that intellectual disability is potentially treatable and curable. The evidence presented supports the idea that with the appropriate understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved, intellectual disability could be treated pharmacologically and perhaps through specific mechanistic-based teaching strategies. PMID:24859216

  20. Understanding intellectual disability through RASopathies.

    PubMed

    San Martín, Alvaro; Pagani, Mario Rafael

    2014-01-01

    Intellectual disability, commonly known as mental retardation in the International Classification of Disease from World Health Organization, is the term that describes an intellectual and adaptive cognitive disability that begins in early life during the developmental period. Currently the term intellectual disability is the preferred one. Although our understanding of the physiological basis of learning and learning disability is poor, a general idea is that such condition is quite permanent. However, investigations in animal models suggest that learning disability can be functional in nature and as such reversible through pharmacology or appropriate learning paradigms. A fraction of the cases of intellectual disability is caused by point mutations or deletions in genes that encode for proteins of the RAS/MAP kinase signaling pathway known as RASopathies. Here we examined the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in this group of genetic disorders focusing in studies which provide evidence that intellectual disability is potentially treatable and curable. The evidence presented supports the idea that with the appropriate understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved, intellectual disability could be treated pharmacologically and perhaps through specific mechanistic-based teaching strategies. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  1. Assessment of Interpersonal Risk (AIR) in Adults with Learning Disabilities and Challenging Behaviour--Piloting a New Risk Assessment Tool

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Campbell, Martin; McCue, Michael

    2013-01-01

    A new risk assessment tool, "Assessment of Interpersonal Risk" (AIR), was piloted and evaluated to measure risk factors and compatibility between individuals living in an assessment and treatment unit in one NHS area. The adults with learning disabilities in this unit had severe and enduring mental health problems and/or behaviour that is severely…

  2. Adult Adjustment of Individuals with Mild Disabilities One Year after Leaving School. Iowa State Follow-Up Study.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sitlington, Patricia L.; And Others

    This study investigated the adult adjustment of a statewide random sample of 737 Iowa individuals with learning disabilities, 59 individuals labeled behaviorally disordered, and 142 individuals labeled mentally disabled, all graduates of special education resource teaching programs. Results are reported in terms of: (1) general status information,…

  3. PRISE Reporter--1979-1980.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    n11 Sep, Nov 1979, 1980

    1980-01-01

    The document presents five issues of the PRISE Reporter, a newsletter of the Pennsylvania Resources and Information Center for Special Education devoted to issues and happenings in the field of special education. Separate issues treat the following disabilities: mental retardation, health impairments/learning disabilities, emotional disturbances,…

  4. Cellular Basis for Learning Impairment in Fragile X Syndrome

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-08-01

    disability and autism in addition to the specific condition of fragile X syndrome. This knowledge will be necessary for the development of rational...circuit in Fmr1-KO mice. We hypothesize that absence of FMRP disrupts trafficking of NMDA receptors to synapses, resulting in impairments in NMDA ...impact on our understanding of mental retardation in general as well as learning disabilities in other autism spectrum disorders. This knowledge will

  5. Educating Health Professionals about Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    American Journal of Health Education, 2007

    2007-01-01

    Prenatal exposure to alcohol is a leading preventable cause of birth defects and developmental disabilities. Individuals exposed to alcohol during fetal development can have physical, mental, behavioral, and learning disabilities, with lifelong implications. These conditions are known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). Health care…

  6. Involving people with learning disabilities in nurse education: towards an inclusive approach.

    PubMed

    Bollard, Martin; Lahiff, John; Parkes, Neville

    2012-02-01

    There is limited evidence that explores how to effectively include people with learning disabilities in nurse education in the U.K. The majority of reported work relates to mental health nursing and social work training (Morgan and Jones, 2009). This paper specifically reports on the processes and activities undertaken by the authors with people with learning disabilities in the development of a new BSc learning disability nursing programme, a specific branch of nursing in the U.K. In doing so, findings and discussion from two separate projects involving students and people with learning disabilities will be integrated into the paper. EPICURE (Engagement, Processing, Interpretation, Critique, Usefulness, Relevance and Ethics (Stige et al. 2009) is adopted as a qualitative framework throughout the paper to evaluate the reported work that took place between September 2006 and October 2010. Suggestions are therefore made regarding the benefits and challenges of striving towards an inclusive approach to user involvement in nurse education, with particular reference to learning disability. The work presented in the paper demonstrates how through careful involvement of this population, deeper learning opportunities for all nursing students can be created. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  7. Mathematical difficulties in nonverbal learning disability or co-morbid dyscalculia and dyslexia.

    PubMed

    Mammarella, Irene C; Bomba, Monica; Caviola, Sara; Broggi, Fiorenza; Neri, Francesca; Lucangeli, Daniela; Nacinovich, Renata

    2013-01-01

    The main goal of the present study was to shed further light on the weaknesses of children with different profiles of mathematical difficulties, testing children with nonverbal learning disability (NLD), co-morbid dyscalculia and dyslexia (D&D), or typical development (TD). Sixteen children with NLD, 15 with D&D, and 16 with TD completed tasks derived from Butterworth (2003 ) and divided into: a capacity subscale (i.e., a number-dots comparison task, a number comparison task, and a dots comparison task); and an achievement subscale (i.e., mental calculations and arithmetical fact retrieval). Children with NLD were impaired in the dots comparison task, children with D&D in the mental calculation and arithmetical facts.

  8. The Croydon Assessment of Learning Study: Prevalence and Educational Identification of Mild Mental Retardation

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Simonoff, Emily; Pickles, Andrew; Chadwick, Oliver; Gringras, Paul; Wood, Nicky; Higgins, Siobhan; Maney, Julie-Ann; Karia, Nisha; Iqbal, Huma; Moore, Anne

    2006-01-01

    Background: Mild mental retardation is an enduring and impairing condition. Its prevalence has varied widely across different studies from 0.5 to over 8%, with higher rates in completely ascertained samples. The current study estimates the prevalence of low IQ in the mental retardation range (intellectual disability) in a population sample and…

  9. 76 FR 30064 - Enforcement of Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Handicap in Programs or Activities Conducted by...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-24

    ... learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment includes, but is not limited to, such... disabilities ``to have access to and use of information and data that is comparable to the access to and use of the information and data by Federal employees who are not individuals with disabilities,'' and (2...

  10. Patients with Learning Disabilities Who Lack Capacity Detained under the Mental Health Act in the UK: A Case Study

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sawhney, Indermeet; Zia, Asif; Gates, Bob

    2017-01-01

    In the UK, the Mental Health Tribunal is a long-established safeguard for patients detained under the Mental Health Act. This gives such patients an effective appeal mechanism to ensure legal protection of their liberty. This act contains sections that allow for civil detention in the case of mental disorder. The right to apply to the tribunal…

  11. Disability and the Black Community.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Miller, Sheila D., Ed.

    This book addresses physical, mental, and learning disabilities experienced across age, gender, and ethnic groups by the black race in the United States. After an introduction by Sheila D. Miller, the papers are: "A Study to Assess Patient Satisfaction of Transitioning from Medicaid to Managed Care by Sickle Cell Patients in Hampton Roads,…

  12. Dysfunctional Families of the Student with Special Needs.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Daniels-Mohring, Debbie; Lambie, Rosemary

    1993-01-01

    This paper outlines the changes that occur in family systems when a child is diagnosed with special needs and examines the structure of dysfunctional families in which there is a child with physical disabilities, including chronic illness; behavior disorders, including social maladjustment; learning disabilities; or mental retardation. (JDD)

  13. Examining Individual and Ecological Predictors of the Self-Determination of Students with Disabilities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Shogren, Karrie A.; Wehmeyer, Michael L.; Palmer, Susan B.; Soukup, Jane Helen; Little, Todd D.; Garner, Nancy; Lawrence, Margaret

    2007-01-01

    This article examines the impact of multiple individual and ecological factors on the self-determination of students with learning disabilities, mild and moderate mental retardation, and other health impairments. Baseline data from a multistate, longitudinal research project evaluating interventions to promote self-determination were examined…

  14. Pitfalls in the psychoeducational assessment of adolescents with learning and school adjustment problems.

    PubMed

    Pollak, J M

    1985-01-01

    Over the past decade there has been a growing interest on the part of educators, medical specialists, mental health personnel, and the lay public in the diagnosis, evaluation, and remediation of specific learning disabilities in the school-age child. This paper attempts to show through case illustrations of five high school-age adolescents how parents can seek from clinical evaluators a diagnostic impression of primary learning disability for their nonlearning disabled children; how this otherwise legitimate diagnostic category can be inappropriately used in the service of denying the salient individual, emotional, and family system factors at work in the school-related difficulties; and how the label of learning disability can work as a formidable resistance on the part of the family when, following comprehensive, in-depth assessment, professional recommendations focus less on specific educational remediation and more on the need for individual or family psychotherapy. Suggestions are made for dealing with this clinical issue.

  15. Differential effects of oral reading to improve comprehension with severe learning disabled and educable mentally handicapped students.

    PubMed

    Chang, S Q; Williams, R L; McLaughlin, T F

    1983-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of oral reading as a teaching technique for improving reading comprehension of 11 Educable Mentally Handicapped or Severe Learning Disabled adolescents. Students were tested on their ability to answer comprehension questions from a short factual article. Comprehension improved following the oral reading for students with a reading grade equivalent of less than 5.5 (measured from the Wide Range Achievement Test) but not for those students having a grade equivalent of greater than 5.5. This association was statistically significant (p = less than .01). Oral reading appeared to improve comprehension among the poorer readers but not for readers with moderately high ability.

  16. An Approach to Mainstreaming the Handicapped Child With the Nonhandicapped Child.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Orfitelli, Michael A.

    The purpose of this investigation was to identify differences among normal children, learning disabled children, educable mentally handicapped children, and trainable mentally handicapped children in motor skill abilities and to develop profiles to demonstrate these differences. Subjects of the study were all educable and trainable mentally…

  17. 14 CFR 382.3 - What do the terms in this rule mean?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... devices and medications. Automated airport kiosk means a self-service transaction machine that a carrier... machine means a continuous positive airway pressure machine. Department or DOT means the United States..., emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment...

  18. 32 CFR 56.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... dystrophy; multiple sclerosis; cancer; heart disease; diabetes; drug abuse; and alcoholism. (2) Major life..., emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term includes such diseases and...

  19. Lessons Learned in Scaling up Effective Practices: Implications for Promoting Self-Determination within Developmental Disabilities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bacon, Ansley; Walker, Hill M.; Schwartz, Allen A.; O'Hara, David M.; Calkins, Carl; Wehmeyer, Michael L.

    2011-01-01

    The public's increasing demands for greater accountability and a better return on investment from research supported by federal funding requires that organizations studying and solving problems in areas like health, education, disability, and child mental health document the impact of their work. Human service and educational professionals agree…

  20. Visual Disability and Horse Riding

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Brickell, Diana

    2005-01-01

    It is now commonplace for horse riding to be included in the extra-curricular activities of students with physical disabilities. In this article an account is given of how visually impaired people can derive physical, mental, and emotional benefits from this supervised activity. It is argued that the rider, in learning to exercise self-control and…

  1. Community Based Competitive Employment Preparation of Developmentally Disabled Persons: Factors Contributing to Success.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Stodden, Robert A.; Browder, Phyllis M.

    The paper describes a demonstrative project designed to help 52 mentally retarded or otherwise developmentally disabled adults obtain and maintain competitive employment. The trainees were first evaluated in a situational assessment covering seven areas: (1) attendance and stamina, (2) independence, (3) productivity, (4) learning style, (5) work…

  2. Curriculum for the Intellectually Disabled Trainable.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Magnolia Special Education Center, Orlando, FL.

    The curriculum guide presents a developmental sequence of learning activities to achieve specific goals for primary, intermediate, and secondary age level trainable mentally retarded students. Six major areas of learning are covered: self care (bathroom, grooming, food, clothing, safety), body usage (gross motor, health, fitness, eye-hand…

  3. 34 CFR 104.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ..., organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. (ii) Major life..., speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (iii) Has a record of such an impairment means has a history of..., secondary, or adult educational services, a handicappped person (i) of an age during which nonhandicapped...

  4. 34 CFR 104.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. (ii) Major life..., speaking, breathing, learning, and working. (iii) Has a record of such an impairment means has a history of..., secondary, or adult educational services, a handicappped person (i) of an age during which nonhandicapped...

  5. Money management, mental health, and psychiatric disability: a recovery-oriented model for improving financial skills.

    PubMed

    Elbogen, Eric B; Tiegreen, Joshua; Vaughan, Colleen; Bradford, Daniel W

    2011-01-01

    Although money management skills are essential for independent functioning in the community, when viewed from the framework of psychosocial rehabilitation, there have been few systematic models for teaching money management skills to consumers with psychiatric disabilities based on a recovery orientation. For those diagnosed with psychiatric disabilities, better money management has consistently been shown to be associated with superior quality of life, fewer hospitalizations, and greater self-efficacy. Consumers frequently indicate that learning how to budget and staying out of debt are among their top goals for recovery with mental illness. The current paper reviews the issues of money management and mental health among people with psychiatric disabilities and proposes a recovery-oriented approach to increasing money management skills to increase community functioning among consumers. Published literature, clinical cases, and financial literacy resources. Improving money management can lead to a number of benefits by helping consumers with psychiatric disabilities: 1) gain more knowledge about disability benefits, 2) improve basic financial skills, and 3) reduce vulnerability to financial exploitation. Future work on incorporating this model into psychiatric rehabilitation programs would address skills consumers can use in living, working, and social environments in a way that enhances consumer choice and promotes recovery.

  6. Physical activity of adults with mental retardation: review and research needs.

    PubMed

    Temple, Viviene A; Frey, Georgia C; Stanish, Heidi I

    2006-01-01

    To characterize physical activity levels of adults with mental retardation and identify limitations in published research. Key word searches for "mental retardation," "intellectual disability," "learning disability," or "developmental disability" combined with "physical activity" or "habitual exercise" identified articles from MEDLINE, Academic Search Elite, Psych Articles, Health Source, and SPORT Discus. This produced a total of 801 citations. Published English-language literature that quantitatively measured physical activity levels of adults with mental retardation was included in this review. Fourteen articles met this criterion. Characteristics of participants, study design, outcome measures, methods of analyses, and findings in terms of percentages, step counts, and accelerometer output were extracted. Data were synthesized to identify the percentage of adults with mental retardation who met published health-related physical activity criteria and compare them with adults without mental retardation and to examine study limitations. The studies with the greatest rigor indicate that one-third of adults or fewer with mental retardation were sufficiently active to achieve health benefits. However, data are insufficient to determine whether adults with mental retardation are less active than the general community. Future research would be enhanced by including appropriately powered representative samples, by including comparison groups, by validating physical activity questionnaires, and by determining the accuracy of proxy respondents.

  7. Cognitive Clusters in Specific Learning Disorder

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Poletti, Michele; Carretta, Elisa; Bonvicini, Laura; Giorgi-Rossi, Paolo

    2018-01-01

    The heterogeneity among children with learning disabilities still represents a barrier and a challenge in their conceptualization. Although a dimensional approach has been gaining support, the categorical approach is still the most adopted, as in the recent fifth edition of the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders." The…

  8. WISC-IV Intellectual Profiles in Italian Children with Specific Learning Disorder and Related Impairments in Reading, Written Expression, and Mathematics

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Poletti, Michele

    2016-01-01

    The fifth edition of the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" grouped specific learning disabilities in the single diagnostic category of specific learning disorder (SLD), with specifiers for impairments in reading, written expression, and mathematics. This study aimed at investigating the intellectual profile,…

  9. Mathematical Learning Disability in Girls with Turner Syndrome: A Challenge to Defining MLD and Its Subtypes

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mazzocco, Michele M. M.

    2009-01-01

    Turner syndrome is a common disorder with a prevalence of 1:2,500 live female births. Although not associated with mental retardation, there is an increased risk of learning difficulties in this population. In particular, mathematical learning difficulties among girls with Turner syndrome are prevalent, significant, and persistent. As such, the…

  10. Special Education Practices: An Evaluation of Educational Environmental Placement Trends since the Regular Education Initiative.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Handler, Beth R.

    This study provides an evaluation of the national and state level educational environmental placement trends for students, ages 6-11 or 12-17, with learning disabilities (LD), emotional disabilities (ED), mental retardation (MR), or speech and language impairments (SLI) in the decade following implementation of the Regular Education Initiative…

  11. Siblings' Mediated Learning Strategies in Families with and without Children with Intellectual Disabilities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Tzuriel, David; Hanuka-Levy, Dikla

    2014-01-01

    Dyads of siblings in which the younger sibling had an intellectual disability (ID, n = 25) were videotaped interacting. The ID group was compared with typically developing sibling dyads matched on mental age (n = 25) and chronological age (n = 25). We observed the mediation strategies, activation, and antimediation behaviors of older siblings and…

  12. Mathematics for the Middle Grades (5-9). 1982 Yearbook.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Silvey, Linda, Ed.; Smart, James R., Ed.

    This yearbook for teachers of mathematics in grades 5-9 contains three sections: (1) critical issues; (2) learning activities; and (3) games, contests, and student presentations. The first section includes articles on sex-related differences, learning disabled students, computer literacy, mental arithmetic, rational numbers, and problem solving.…

  13. Factors Affecting Decision-Making by Young Adults with Intellectual Disabilities.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jenkinson, Josephine C.

    1999-01-01

    Forty-eight young adults with mental retardation were placed into high and low learned helplessness groups based on responses to a questionnaire. Participants were presented with vignettes and asked what they would do. Results found low learned helplessness participants obtained significantly higher decision-making scores. Additional information…

  14. Pharmacological and Nonpharmacological Methods of Treatment for Fragile

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-02-01

    deficit disorders, mental retardation, or autism spectrum disorders. We seek to address the most effective methods of treatment (pharmacological and...ophthalmology and dental so that families can obtain these services from specific professionals with an interest in FX syndrome. School liaison...aberrant behavioral responses to stress. Affected males may suffer learning disabilities, attention deficit disorders, mental retardation, and autism

  15. Mental Health in Schools: Lessons Learned from Exclusion

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Specht, Jacqueline A.

    2013-01-01

    Students who are excluded from the daily life of schools are at risk for mental illness. This is especially true for children with disabilities as they are marginalized by assumptions and beliefs about what they "cannot" do at school as opposed to what they can do. This article presents research literature on belonging, inclusion, and social and…

  16. Responding to the Needs of Students with Mental Health Difficulties in Higher Education: An Irish Perspective

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Murphy, Esther

    2017-01-01

    This article presents findings from a recent national study supported by Association for Higher Education Access & Disability and the National Learning Network (2016) to investigate the experiences of students with mental health difficulties in higher education in Ireland. The data investigation was a combination of both survey and qualitative…

  17. Reliability and Validity of the HoNOS-LD and HoNOS in a Sample of Individuals with Mild to Borderline Intellectual Disability and Severe Emotional and Behavior Disorders

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Tenneij, Nienke; Didden, Robert; Veltkamp, Eline; Koot, Hans M.

    2009-01-01

    In this study, psychometric properties of the Health of the Nation Outcome scales (HoNOS) and Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for People with Learning Disabilities (HoNOS-LD) were investigated in a sample (n = 79) of (young) adults with mild to borderline intellectual disability (ID) and severe behavior and mental health problems who were…

  18. Learning and Behavioral Deficits Associated with the Absence of the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein: What a Fly and Mouse Model Can Teach Us

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Santos, Ana Rita; Kanellopoulos, Alexandros K.; Bagni, Claudia

    2014-01-01

    The Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most frequent form of inherited mental disability and is considered a monogenic cause of autism spectrum disorder. FXS is caused by a triplet expansion that inhibits the expression of the "FMR1" gene. The gene product, the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP), regulates mRNA metabolism in brain…

  19. Disability Does Not Discriminate

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Alexander, Amy Elizabeth

    2008-01-01

    In this article, the author talks about the "it can't happen to me" mentality, which makes humans think they are physically invincible and have been guilty of thinking so. The author learned the danger of the "it can't happen to me" syndrome when she was disabled in a car accident in February 1994. The accident happened when she was 21 years old,…

  20. [The mentalizing vocational training - first results from a pilot study with adolescents with learning disabilities].

    PubMed

    Curth, Christian; Kotte, Silja; Taubner, Svenja; Unger, Agnieszka

    2014-01-01

    In this report first results are presented from a pilot study on the Mentalizing Vocational Training that aims to increase the effectiveness of vocational rehabilitation programs with adolescents diagnosed with learning disabilities. The prevention program was based on the hypothesis that adolescents' difficulties in motivation and relationships are related to deficits in mentalizing. Thus, we created a prevention program that supports an enduring mentalizing social system following Twemlow's and Fonagy's suggestions for peaceful schools. The program consists of four modules: a psychoeducative training for all professionals within the rehabilitation program, an ongoing supervision for two selected teams, two mentalizing training groups for selected adolescents and a weekly intervision group for the research team analyzing the organizational perspective. During the pilot study, mentalization interest and attachment styles were assessed from all adolescents and professionals. Additionally, adolescents' mentalization capacities were assessed using an objective videobased test as well as general intelligence. Results showed that participants had significantly more attachment anxiety and avoidance as well as less interest to think about themselves and others in a complex way. Furthermore, participants achieved very low scores in the mentalization test (comparable to the autistic spectrum) which were independent from general cognitive deficits. On the organizational level, professionals appeared to be conflicted about the changes in management towards more economic efficiency and overwhelmed by participants with traumatic backgrounds. This led to a regression of the whole organization on the teleological mode.

  1. Dog-Assisted Therapies and Activities in Rehabilitation of Children with Cerebral Palsy and Physical and Mental Disabilities

    PubMed Central

    Tunçay Elmacı, Dilek; Cevizci, Sibel

    2015-01-01

    The aim of the present study was to evaluate dog-assisted therapies and activities in the rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy and physical and mental disabilities who have difficulties in benefiting from well-being and health-improving services. This descriptive-explanatory study was conducted in disabled children of various ages between 2008 and 2011 by an experienced team in a private training and rehabilitation center in Antalya (Turkey). In this study, five study groups were formed among the children with physical and mental disabilities. During the therapy studies, three dogs were used. For each therapy group, the goals for the children and therapist were defined, and the activities were determined according to these goals. The entire study process was followed using audio-records and photographs of patients. The expected targets were reached in all study groups. The children who experienced fear, anxiety and difficulties due to their disabilities in daily life learned to cope with their anxieties and fears, set goals and make plans to achieve their aims. During this study, the children improved their abilities to use their bodies according to their capabilities. Accordingly, they improved their ability to develop empathy between themselves and a therapy dog, to receive and present help, and to communicate. The results of the present study revealed that dog-assisted therapies and activities can be a supportive method for routine treatment procedures in the rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy and physical and mental disabilities. PMID:25985307

  2. Dog-assisted therapies and activities in rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy and physical and mental disabilities.

    PubMed

    Elmacı, Dilek Tunçay; Cevizci, Sibel

    2015-05-12

    The aim of the present study was to evaluate dog-assisted therapies and activities in the rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy and physical and mental disabilities who have difficulties in benefiting from well-being and health-improving services. This descriptive-explanatory study was conducted in disabled children of various ages between 2008 and 2011 by an experienced team in a private training and rehabilitation center in Antalya (Turkey). In this study, five study groups were formed among the children with physical and mental disabilities. During the therapy studies, three dogs were used. For each therapy group, the goals for the children and therapist were defined, and the activities were determined according to these goals. The entire study process was followed using audio-records and photographs of patients. The expected targets were reached in all study groups. The children who experienced fear, anxiety and difficulties due to their disabilities in daily life learned to cope with their anxieties and fears, set goals and make plans to achieve their aims. During this study, the children improved their abilities to use their bodies according to their capabilities. Accordingly, they improved their ability to develop empathy between themselves and a therapy dog, to receive and present help, and to communicate. The results of the present study revealed that dog-assisted therapies and activities can be a supportive method for routine treatment procedures in the rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy and physical and mental disabilities.

  3. 76 FR 86 - Solicitation of Nominations for Members of the USDA Grain Inspection Advisory Committee

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-03

    ... ``Learn about the Advisory Committee.'' GIPSA is seeking nominations for individuals to serve on the... site at http://www.gipsa.usda.gov . Under the section ``I Want To * * *'' select ``Learn about the... race, color, religion, gender, national origin, age, mental or physical disability, marital status, or...

  4. An overview of learning disabilities: psychoeducational perspectives.

    PubMed

    Johnson, D J

    1995-01-01

    In general, people with learning disabilities are a heterogeneous population that require a multidisciplinary evaluation and careful, well-planned intervention. Despite this heterogeneity, patterns of problems often co-occur. Therefore, diagnosticians and educators should look beyond single areas of achievement such as reading or arithmetic. In addition, problems in one area of learning typically have secondary impacts on higher levels of learning. That is, comprehension problems typically interfere with expression. Every effort should be made to examine patterns of problems and to avoid fragmentation of services so that each area of underachievement is not treated separately. Although learning disabilities usually interfere with school performance, they are not simply academic handicaps. They interfere with certain social activities as well as occupational pursuits. In many instances, they impact on mental health and self-esteem. Therefore, students need multiple services. And, as emphasized throughout this journal issue, learning disabled individuals may have comorbid conditions such as attention deficit disorder, depression, and neurologic problems. Furthermore, the problems may change over time. Children may first be identified because of language comprehension problems but later have reading or mathematics difficulty. With intervention, oral expressive problems may be alleviated but may be manifested later in written language.

  5. Pharmacological and Nonpharmacological Methods of Treatment for Fragile X Syndrome

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2005-02-01

    disorders, mental retardation, or autism spectrum disorders. We seek to address the most effective methods of treatment (pharmacological and behavioral... dental so that families can obtain these services from specific professionals with an interest in FX syndrome. School liaison services for school aged...Affected males may suffer learning disabilities, attention deficit disorders, mental retardation, and autism spectrum disorder. The Child Development

  6. The Historical Foundation of Learning Disabilities: A Quantitative Synthesis Assessing the Validity of Strauss and Werner's Exogenous versus Endogenous Distinction of Mental Retardation.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kavale, Kenneth A.; Forness, Steven R.

    1985-01-01

    The paper reviews research of A. Strauss and H. Werner on behavioral differences between exogeneous (brain injured) and endogeneous (familial-cultural) mental retardation using quantitative methods of research synthesis. Findings offer little empirical support for the presumed behavioral differences and reveal considerable overlap among the…

  7. Strength That Silences: Learning from the Experiences of Black Female College Students with Mental Health Concerns at a Predominantly White Institution

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Caesar-Richardson, Nadia Monique

    2012-01-01

    This qualitative study examines first person accounts of college experiences provided by Black female college students with mental health concerns at a predominantly White institution. Utilizing the theoretical frameworks of disability studies and critical race feminism to develop the study and analyze the collected data, this study considers the…

  8. Behavioral and Psychometric Characteristics of Educable Mentally Retarded, Emotionally Handicapped, Learning Disabled, At-Risk and Normal Students. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sherry, Lee

    The study, involving 100 children (11 and 12 years old), was designed to generate descriptive data regarding the behavioral and psychometric characteristics of exceptional children in the public schools. A review of the literature revealed that it is difficult to make a differential diagnosis among educable mentally retarded (EMR), emotionally…

  9. Intellectual, Achievement, and Mental Health Evaluation of At-Risk Adolescents: Assessing Comorbidity of ADHD, LD, and Conduct Problems.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bullock, Wesley A.; And Others

    A multidimensional clinical assessment project was conducted on an at-risk adolescent population (n=78) in a public school setting. The focus of the project was on the identification of specific learning disabilities (LD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as they relate to mental health problems and scholastic difficulties.…

  10. Heritage and Stigma. Co-producing and communicating the histories of mental health and learning disability

    PubMed Central

    2017-01-01

    University engagement with mental health services has traditionally been informed by the vocational and pedagogical links between the two sectors. However, a growth in the interest in public history and in the history of mental healthcare has offered new opportunities for those in the humanities to engage new audiences and to challenge perceptions about care in the past. The introduction of the ‘impact agenda’ and related funding streams has further encouraged academics to contribute to historical debates, and to those concerning current services. One such example of this is the Arts and Humanities Research Council funded Heritage and Stigma project at the University of Huddersfield, which was conceived to support mental health and learning disability charities in the exploration and dissemination of their own histories. Using this project as a case study, this paper will draw on primary source material to reflect on the opportunities and challenges of working in partnership with such groups. In particular, it will consider the need to address issues of stigma and exclusion in tandem with a critical understanding of the moves to ‘community care’ instigated by landmark legislation in the form of the 1959 Mental Health Act. Overall, it provides evidence of an inclusive, coproductive model of design and highlights the positive contribution to communicating mental health made by those based in the humanities. PMID:28559366

  11. Ice Cream Stick Math.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Paddock, Cynthia

    1992-01-01

    Described is a teaching technique which uses the collection of ice cream sticks as a means of increasing awareness of quantity in a self-contained elementary special class for students with learning disabilities and mild mental retardation. (DB)

  12. A Model for Multiple Competency Teacher Training

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gargiulo, Richard M.; Swartz, Stanley L.

    1977-01-01

    Project Merge is an undergraduate, preservice education program at Bowling Green University providing training and experience leading to dual or triple certification in elementary education plus educable mental retardation and/or learning disabilities behavior disorders. (MB)

  13. Perceptual and academic patterns of learning-disabled/gifted students.

    PubMed

    Waldron, K A; Saphire, D G

    1992-04-01

    This research explored ways gifted children with learning disabilities perceive and recall auditory and visual input and apply this information to reading, mathematics, and spelling. 24 learning-disabled/gifted children and a matched control group of normally achieving gifted students were tested for oral reading, word recognition and analysis, listening comprehension, and spelling. In mathematics, they were tested for numeration, mental and written computation, word problems, and numerical reasoning. To explore perception and memory skills, students were administered formal tests of visual and auditory memory as well as auditory discrimination of sounds. Their responses to reading and to mathematical computations were further considered for evidence of problems in visual discrimination, visual sequencing, and visual spatial areas. Analyses indicated that these learning-disabled/gifted students were significantly weaker than controls in their decoding skills, in spelling, and in most areas of mathematics. They were also significantly weaker in auditory discrimination and memory, and in visual discrimination, sequencing, and spatial abilities. Conclusions are that these underlying perceptual and memory deficits may be related to students' academic problems.

  14. Problem and pro-social behavior among Nigerian children with intellectual disability: the implication for developing policy for school based mental health programs

    PubMed Central

    2010-01-01

    Background School based mental health programs are absent in most educational institutions for intellectually disabled children and adolescents in Nigeria and co-morbid behavioral problems often complicate intellectual disability in children and adolescents receiving special education instructions. Little is known about prevalence and pattern of behavioral problems existing co-morbidly among sub-Saharan African children with intellectual disability. This study assessed the prevalence and pattern of behavioral problems among Nigerian children with intellectual disability and also the associated factors. Method Teachers' rated Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to screen for behavioral problems among children with intellectual disability in a special education facility in south eastern Nigeria. Socio-demographic questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic information of the children. Results A total of forty four (44) children with intellectual disability were involved in the study. Twenty one (47.7%) of the children were classified as having behavioral problems in the borderline and abnormal categories on total difficulties clinical scale of SDQ using the cut-off point recommended by Goodman. Mild mental retardation as compared to moderate, severe and profound retardation was associated with highest total difficulties mean score. Males were more likely to exhibit conduct and hyperactivity behavioral problems compared to the females. The inter-clinical scales correlations of teachers' rated SDQ in the studied population also showed good internal consistency (Cronbach Alpha = 0.63). Conclusion Significant behavioral problems occur co-morbidly among Nigerian children with intellectual disability receiving special education instructions and this could impact negatively on educational learning and other areas of functioning. There is an urgent need for establishing school-based mental health program and appropriate screening measure in this environment. These would afford early identification of intellectually disabled children with behavioral problems and appropriate referral for clinical evaluation and interventions. The need to focus policy making attention on hidden burden of intellectual disability in sub-Saharan African children is essential. PMID:20465841

  15. Subjectivity in Education and Health: Research Notes on School Learning Area and Physical Education in Mental Health

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bezerra, Marilia; da Costa, Jonatas Maia

    2016-01-01

    This paper presents the results of two studies researching the theory of subjectivity from a cultural-historical perspective. The studies are situated in the fields of education and health and are conducted using Qualitative Epistemology. The first study discusses the pathological movement problems of learning disabilities in Brazilian schools and…

  16. Specific Learning Disabilities in DSM-5: Are the Changes for Better or Worse?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Tannock, Rosemary

    2013-01-01

    DSM-5, the fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association's "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders," was published in May 2013, amidst a storm of controversy. This article focuses on changes made to the diagnostic criteria for Specific Learning Disorders (SLD). Primary criticisms of the changes in the SLD concern…

  17. Pathogenesis of Germline and Somatic NF1 Rearrangements

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1999-10-01

    de novo DNA deletion in a patient with sporadic neurofibromatosis 1, mental retardation, and dysmorphism . J Med Genet 29:686-90. Leppig, K., Kaplan...a patient with sporadic neurofibromatosis 1, mental retardation, and dysmorphism . J. Med. Genet., 29, 686-690. 13. Kayes, L.M., Burke, W., Riccardi...gene are predominantly of maternal origin and commonly associated with a learning disability, dysmorphic features and developmental delay. Hum. Genet

  18. Interrogative suggestibility, confabulation, and acquiescence in people with mild learning disabilities (mental handicap): implications for reliability during police interrogations.

    PubMed

    Clare, I C; Gudjonsson, G H

    1993-09-01

    In order to assess a criminal suspect's ability to make a reliable statement, performance on three measures--interrogative suggestibility, confabulation and acquiescence--may be used. This paper presents preliminary data on these measures for people with mild learning disabilities (Full Scale IQ [FSIQ]: 57-75). It was found that they were more suggestible than their average ability counterparts (FSIQ: 83-111) because they were much more susceptible to 'leading questions'. They also confabulated more and were more acquiescent. Overall, the data emphasized their potential vulnerability to giving erroneous testimony during interrogations.

  19. Intellectual developmental disorders: towards a new name, definition and framework for "mental retardation/intellectual disability" in ICD-11.

    PubMed

    Salvador-Carulla, Luis; Reed, Geoffrey M; Vaez-Azizi, Leila M; Cooper, Sally-Ann; Martinez-Leal, Rafael; Bertelli, Marco; Adnams, Colleen; Cooray, Sherva; Deb, Shoumitro; Akoury-Dirani, Leyla; Girimaji, Satish Chandra; Katz, Gregorio; Kwok, Henry; Luckasson, Ruth; Simeonsson, Rune; Walsh, Carolyn; Munir, Kemir; Saxena, Shekhar

    2011-10-01

    Although "intellectual disability" has widely replaced the term "mental retardation", the debate as to whether this entity should be conceptualized as a health condition or as a disability has intensified as the revision of the World Health Organization (WHO)'s International Classification of Diseases (ICD) advances. Defining intellectual disability as a health condition is central to retaining it in ICD, with significant implications for health policy and access to health services. This paper presents the consensus reached to date by the WHO ICD Working Group on the Classification of Intellectual Disabilities. Literature reviews were conducted and a mixed qualitative approach was followed in a series of meetings to produce consensus-based recommendations combining prior expert knowledge and available evidence. The Working Group proposes replacing mental retardation with intellectual developmental disorders, defined as "a group of developmental conditions characterized by significant impairment of cognitive functions, which are associated with limitations of learning, adaptive behaviour and skills". The Working Group further advises that intellectual developmental disorders be incorporated in the larger grouping (parent category) of neurodevelopmental disorders, that current subcategories based on clinical severity (i.e., mild, moderate, severe, profound) be continued, and that problem behaviours be removed from the core classification structure of intellectual developmental disorders and instead described as associated features.

  20. Educational Resource Guide for Adapted Physical Education.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ciccaglione, Sue; Magliaro, Susan

    The guide is intended to provide information to adapted physical education instructors. An initial section introduces characteristics of the following handicapping conditions: autism, diabetes, emotional disturbance, learning disabilities, mental retardation, musculoskeletal disorders, neuromuscular disorders, seizure and convulsive disorders, and…

  1. A review of cognitive impairments in children with intellectual disabilities: Implications for cognitive behaviour therapy.

    PubMed

    Hronis, Anastasia; Roberts, Lynette; Kneebone, Ian I

    2017-06-01

    Nearly half of children with intellectual disability (ID) have comorbid affective disorders. These problems are chronic if left untreated and can significantly impact upon future vocational, educational, and social opportunities. Despite this, there is a paucity of research into effective treatments for this population. Notably, one of the most supported of psychological therapies, cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), remains largely uninvestigated in children with ID. The current review considers the neuropsychological profile of children and adolescents with mild to moderate ID, with a view to informing how CBT might best be adapted for children and adolescents with ID. Narrative review of literature considering the neuropsychological profiles of children and adolescents with ID, with specific focus upon attention, memory, learning, executive functioning, and communication. Studies were identified through SCOPUS, PsycINFO, and PubMed databases, using combinations of the key words 'intellectual disability', 'learning disability', 'neuropsychology', 'attention', 'learning', 'memory', 'executive function', 'language', and 'reading'. Children with ID have significant deficits in attention, learning, memory, executive functions, and language. These deficits are likely to have a negative impact upon engagement in CBT. Suggestions for adapting therapy to accommodate these wide ranging deficits are proposed. There are multiple cognitive factors which need to be considered when modifying CBT for children who have ID. Furthermore, research is required to test whether CBT so modified is effective in this population. Clinical implications Effective ways of providing cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) to children with intellectual disability (ID) is unclear. This study provides a framework of potential adaptations for clinical practice As rates of mental illness for children with intellectual disability are high, and rates of treatment provision low, it is hoped that the recommendations provided in this study will encourage more mental health practitioners to provide CBT to children with ID. Limitations These recommendations are based only upon neuropsychological literature. Trialling the effectiveness of an adapted form of CBT for children and adolescents with ID is required. There are varying causes of intellectual disability, with differences in cognitive profiles. The utility of the recommendations made here may vary according to specific aetiologies. © 2017 The British Psychological Society.

  2. Efficient Vocational Skills Training for People with Cognitive Disabilities: An Exploratory Study Comparing Computer-Assisted Instruction to One-on-One Tutoring.

    PubMed

    Larson, James R; Juszczak, Andrew; Engel, Kathryn

    2016-03-01

    This study compared the effectiveness of computer-assisted instruction to that of one-on-one tutoring for teaching people with mild and moderate cognitive disabilities when both training methods are designed to take account of the specific mental deficits most commonly found in cognitive disability populations. Fifteen participants (age 22-71) received either computer-assisted instruction or one-on-one tutoring in three content domains that were of functional and daily relevance to them: behavioural limits, rights and responsibilities (two modules) and alphabetical sorting. Learning was assessed by means of a series of pretests and four learning cycle post-tests. Both instructional conditions maintained time-on-task and teaching material equivalence, and both incorporated a set of best-practices and empirically supported teaching techniques designed to address attentional deficits, stimulus processing inefficiencies and cognitive load limitations. Strong evidence of learning was found in both instructional method conditions. Moreover, in all content domains the two methods yielded approximately equivalent rates of learning and learning attainment. These findings offer tentative evidence that a repetitive, computer-assisted training program can produce learning outcomes in people with mild and moderate cognitive disabilities that are comparable to those achieved by high-quality one-on-one tutoring. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  3. A Cross-sectional Survey of Disability Attributed to Mental Disorders and Service Use in China

    PubMed Central

    Shang, Li-Li; Huang, Yue-Qin; Liu, Zhao-Rui; Chen, Hong-Guang

    2017-01-01

    Background: Mental disorders are strongly associated with disabilities. National survey on disability could provide a reliable basis for policymaking in care and rehabilitation of disabled persons. This study aimed to describe the disability prevalence rates attributed to mental disorders, their distribution by sociodemographic factors, and utilizations of service. Methods: This study is a secondary data analysis of the Second National Sample Survey on Disability in 2006. The disability and severity were assessed using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Mental disorders were diagnosed according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders. Using descriptive and analytic epidemiological methods, prevalence rates of disability attributed to mental disorders and service use were calculated. Results: Data of 2,526,145 respondents were analyzed. The disability prevalence rate attributed to mental disorders in China was 6.3‰, accounting for 9.9% of all disabled people. Regarding disability prevalence attributed to mental disorders, it showed that gender, residential area, marital status, education level, and economic area were related to the prevalence distributions. The proportions of mild disability were highest in the disabled people with onset age of 18–64 years, while the proportion of extremely severe disability was highest in the disabled people with onset age of 65 years and above. Only 58.6% of disabled people attributed to mental disorders used some of the services. Conclusions: There are statistical differences of disability prevalence attributed to mental disorders by people and region in China. Service use in disabled people with mental disorders is insufficient. PMID:28584207

  4. Supporting students with disabilities--promoting understanding amongst mentors in practice.

    PubMed

    Tee, Stephen; Cowen, Michelle

    2012-01-01

    Good practice demands a clinical practice culture positively disposed to students with disabilities. Equality legislation seeks to protect those with a disability from either direct or indirect discrimination. The balance between providing "reasonable adjustments" for the student, whilst ensuring "Fitness to Practice", and ultimate employability, requires a close partnership between higher education and practice mentors. This paper reports on the development and evaluation of a range of interactive resources, used in the preparation of mentors to help them address the specific learning needs of disabled students. The evaluation revealed the benefit of student 'stories' in helping mentors to understand the support needs of disabled students and ensure reasonable adjustments are implemented in compliance with disability legislation. The interactive resources have been helpful in promoting positive action towards disabled students' learning, empathic understanding of mental health issues and knowledge and skills acquisition in support of dyslexic students. Implementing reasonable adjustments in practice requires a close working partnership between HEI's and mentors who appreciate support in understanding the development and application of coping strategies to overcome disabilities. Effective preparation of mentors is essential to ensure that opportunities for disabled students to succeed are maximised. Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  5. 34 CFR 668.142 - Special definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., reading comprehension, or translation from graphic to numerical representation, that may be learned in... scored by a computer. Disabled student: A student who has a physical or mental impairment that..., DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STUDENT ASSISTANCE GENERAL PROVISIONS Approval of Independently Administered Tests...

  6. Longitudinal Risk and Resilience Factors Predicting Psychiatric Disruption, Mental Health Service Utilization & Military Retention in OIF National Guard Troops

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-04-01

    learning disabilities and/or emotional difficulties • Wrote integrated assessment reports • Attended Individual Education Plan ( IEP ) meetings where...worked with wide range of disabilities from autism and cerebral palsy to oppositional defiant disorder and bipolar disorder; developed leadership...therapy program for a nine year old boy with autism to foster the development of social skills; utilized sign language to increase communication

  7. How To Evaluate and Select Assistive Technology.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Arc, Arlington, TX.

    This information digest discusses assistive technology for children and adults with mental retardation and other disabilities. Assistive technology is used to compensate for functional limitations and to enhance and increase learning, independence, mobility, communication, environmental control, and choice. Factors to consider when evaluating…

  8. Mental health and inequity: a human rights approach to inequality, discrimination, and mental disability.

    PubMed

    Burns, Jonathan Kenneth

    2009-01-01

    Mental disability and mental health care have been neglected in the discourse around health, human rights, and equality. This is perplexing as mental disabilities are pervasive, affecting approximately 8% of the world population. Furthermore, the experience of persons with mental disability is one characterized by multiple interlinked levels of inequality and discrimination within society. Efforts directed toward achieving formal equality should not stand alone without similar efforts to achieve substantive equality for persons with mental disabilities. Structural factors such as poverty, inequality, homelessness, and discrimination contribute to risk for mental disability and impact negatively on the course and outcome of such disabilities. A human rights approach to mental disability means affirming the full personhood of those with mental disabilities by respecting their inherent dignity, their individual autonomy and independence, and their freedom to make their own choices. A rights-based approach requires us to examine and transform the language, terminology, and models of mental disability that have previously prevailed especially within health discourse. Such an approach also requires us to examine the multiple ways in which inequality and discrimination characterize the lives of persons with mental disabilities and to formulate a response based on a human rights framework. In this article, I examine issues of terminology, models of understanding mental disability, and the implications of international treaties such as the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities for our response to the inequalities and discrimination that exist within society--both within and outside the health care system. Finally, while acknowledging that health care professionals have a role to play as advocates for equality, non-discrimination, and justice, I argue that it is persons with mental disabilities themselves who have the right to exercise agency in their own lives and who, consequently, should be at the center of advocacy movements and the setting of the advocacy agenda.

  9. Women with disability: the experience of maternity care during pregnancy, labour and birth and the postnatal period

    PubMed Central

    2013-01-01

    Background It has been estimated that 9.4% of women giving birth in the United Kingdom have one or more limiting longstanding illness which may cause disability, affecting pregnancy, birth and early parenting. No large scale studies on a nationally representative population have been carried out on the maternity experiences of disabled women to our knowledge. Method Secondary analysis of data from a survey of women in 2010 by English National Health Service Trusts on behalf of the Care Quality Commission was undertaken. 144 trusts in England took part in the postal survey. Women self-identified with disability and were excluded if less than 16 years of age or if their baby had died. The 12 page structured questionnaire with sections on antenatal, labour and birth and postnatal care covered access, information, communication and choice. Descriptive and adjusted analyses compared disabled and non-disabled groups. Comparisons were made separately for five disability subgroups: physical disability, sensory impairment, mental health conditions, learning disability and women with more than one type of disability. Results Disabled women comprised 6.14% (1,482) of the total sample (24,155) and appeared to use maternity services more than non-disabled women. Most were positive about their care and reported sufficient access and involvement, but were less likely to breastfeed. The experience of women with different types of disability varied: physically disabled women used antenatal and postnatal services more, but had less choice about labour and birth; the experience of those with a sensory impairment differed little from the non-disabled women, but they were more likely to have met staff before labour; women with mental health disabilities also used services more, but were more critical of communication and support; women with a learning disability and those with multiple disabilities were least likely to report a positive experience of maternity care. Conclusion This national study describes disabled women’s experiences of pregnancy, child birth and postnatal care in comparison with non-disabled women. While in many areas there were no differences, there was evidence of specific groups appropriately receiving more care. Areas for improvement included infant feeding and better communication in the context of individualised care. PMID:24034425

  10. Trends of utilization of government disability benefits among chronic mentally ill.

    PubMed

    Kashyap, Kartik; Thunga, Ravish; Rao, Arun K; Balamurali, N P

    2012-01-01

    Mentally retarded and chronic mentally ill are being certified using IQ Assessment and Indian Disability Evaluation and Assessment Scale (IDEAS). They have been granted various benefits including monthly pension, from Ministry of Social Welfare, Government of India. The monthly pension appears to be the strongest reason for seeking certification and applying for government benefits. The caregivers appear to have only partial information and awareness about the remaining schemes. The study aims to assess the severity of disability in the mentally retarded and mentally ill who are certified for disability benefits, as well as to assess the trends of utilization of disability benefits over a 3 year period. This was a retrospective, file review based study of certificates of patients certified for mental disability in the period of January 2006 to December 2008. Certificates of a total of 1794 mentally retarded and 285 mentally ill were reviewed. The data regarding utilization of disability benefits was assessed. Patients from rural areas did not avail any benefits other than the disability pension. Among Mentally Ill, Schizophrenia accounted for highest certifications. Males had higher disability compared to females, and Dementia showed highest disability as per IDEAS. Though initial hurdles due to disability measurement have been crossed, disability benefits are still elusive to the vast majority of the disabled. Proper awareness and education will help in reducing the stigma and in the effective utilization of benefits.

  11. Community Football Teams for People with Intellectual Disabilities in Secure Settings: "They Take You off the Ward, It Was Like a Nice Day, and Then You Get Like Medals at the End"

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hudson, Nicholas Andrew; Mrozik, Jennifer Hella; White, Rose; Northend, Kristian; Moore, Steve; Lister, Katherine; Rayner, Kelly

    2018-01-01

    Background: People with learning disabilities (LD) are particularly vulnerable to mental health and behavioural difficulties, and it has been shown that regular exercise can improve psychosocial well-being as well as physical fitness. This research aims to explore the experiences of men with LD detained in secure settings who have engaged in…

  12. Access: Exceptional Children and Technology.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    North Carolina State Dept. of Public Instruction, Raleigh. Div. for Exceptional Children.

    The Exceptional Children and New Technology project sought to meet the instructional needs of physically handicapped, emotionally disturbed, learning disabled, and mentally handicapped children through the use of computer technology. The goals of the project were to test the instructional value of adaptive/assistive devices with exceptional…

  13. Target on Language.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Novakovich, Harriet; Zoslow, Sylvia

    Presented for teachers, clinicians, and parents is a manual describing approximately 700 activities to be used for language and cognitive development of culturally-deprived, mentally-retarded, hearing-impaired, and learning-disabled preschool or primary grade children. The communication processes in the manual are said to have been derived from…

  14. Socially Mainstreaming Handicapped Students.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Miller, Maurice; Loukellis, Irene

    The basis for socially mainstreaming handicapped children as well as changing attitudes toward the handicapped are discussed; and a list of teaching activities and resources for introducing students to the mentally retarded, the visually impaired, the physically handicapped, the hearing impaired, and the learning disabled is presented. A summary…

  15. Assessment: Special Education Tests. A Handbook for Parents and Professionals.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hosterman, E. Jean, Ed.

    The handbook reviews approximately 150 educational tests and their uses within the total process of educational assessment for students who have academic difficulty because of mental retardation; learning disabilities; physical handicaps; emotional, sensory, and social disorders; other health impairments; and related problems. Introductory…

  16. 41 CFR 60-741.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ..., emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. (p) Major life activities means functions... which the parties stand in the relationship of employer and employee, and federally assisted contracts... the relationship of an employer and an employee): (1) For the purchase, sale or use of personal...

  17. 41 CFR 60-741.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ..., emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. (p) Major life activities means functions... which the parties stand in the relationship of employer and employee, and federally assisted contracts... the relationship of an employer and an employee): (1) For the purchase, sale or use of personal...

  18. 41 CFR 60-741.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ..., emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. (p) Major life activities means functions... which the parties stand in the relationship of employer and employee, and federally assisted contracts... the relationship of an employer and an employee): (1) For the purchase, sale or use of personal...

  19. 34 CFR 376.30 - What priorities are considered for support by the Secretary under this part?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... demonstrate effective Statewide approaches to transitional rehabilitation service delivery for youths with... illness, mental retardation, and learning disability. (d) Transitional rehabilitation services for institutionalized persons. This priority supports projects that demonstrate effective ways to assist youths and...

  20. 34 CFR 376.30 - What priorities are considered for support by the Secretary under this part?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... demonstrate effective Statewide approaches to transitional rehabilitation service delivery for youths with... illness, mental retardation, and learning disability. (d) Transitional rehabilitation services for institutionalized persons. This priority supports projects that demonstrate effective ways to assist youths and...

  1. 34 CFR 376.30 - What priorities are considered for support by the Secretary under this part?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... demonstrate effective Statewide approaches to transitional rehabilitation service delivery for youths with... illness, mental retardation, and learning disability. (d) Transitional rehabilitation services for institutionalized persons. This priority supports projects that demonstrate effective ways to assist youths and...

  2. 34 CFR 376.30 - What priorities are considered for support by the Secretary under this part?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... demonstrate effective Statewide approaches to transitional rehabilitation service delivery for youths with... illness, mental retardation, and learning disability. (d) Transitional rehabilitation services for institutionalized persons. This priority supports projects that demonstrate effective ways to assist youths and...

  3. Exceptional Pupils. Special Education Bulletin Number 1.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Indiana State Dept. of Public Instruction, Indianapolis. Div. of Special Education.

    An introduction to exceptional children precedes a discussion of each of the following areas of exceptionality; giftedness, mental retardation, physical handicaps and special health problems, blindness and partial vision, aural handicaps, speech handicaps, emotional disturbance, and learning disabilities. Each chapter is followed by a bibliography…

  4. Brothers & Sisters Talk with PACER.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Binkard, Betty; And Others

    This booklet presents excerpts from interviews with siblings (ages 10-28) of persons with a range of handicaps, including Down Syndrome, cerebral palsy, learning disabilities, deafness, autism, seizure disorder, genetic disorders, and mental retardation. It is arranged in order from the youngest person interviewed and continues through…

  5. Classroom Behavior Patterns of EMH, LD, and EH Students.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McKinney, James D.; Forman, Susan G.

    1982-01-01

    Investigated whether classroom teachers could differentiate among educable mentally handicapped (EMH), learning disabled (LD), and emotionally handicapped (EH) students based on perceptions of classroom behavior patterns. Ratings from classroom behavior inventory scales revealed that EMH students were distinguished by low intelligence, creativity,…

  6. PRISE Reporter. Volume 12, 1980-81.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    PRISE Reporter, 1981

    1981-01-01

    The document consists of six issues of the "PRISE (Pennsylvania Resources and Information Center for Special Education) Reporter" which cover issues and happenings in the education of the mentally retarded, learning disabled, emotionally disturbed, physically handicapped, visually handicapped, and speech/hearing impaired. Lead articles include the…

  7. Heritage and Stigma. Co-producing and communicating the histories of mental health and learning disability.

    PubMed

    Ellis, Rob

    2017-06-01

    University engagement with mental health services has traditionally been informed by the vocational and pedagogical links between the two sectors. However, a growth in the interest in public history and in the history of mental healthcare has offered new opportunities for those in the humanities to engage new audiences and to challenge perceptions about care in the past. The introduction of the 'impact agenda' and related funding streams has further encouraged academics to contribute to historical debates, and to those concerning current services. One such example of this is the Arts and Humanities Research Council funded Heritage and Stigma project at the University of Huddersfield, which was conceived to support mental health and learning disability charities in the exploration and dissemination of their own histories. Using this project as a case study, this paper will draw on primary source material to reflect on the opportunities and challenges of working in partnership with such groups. In particular, it will consider the need to address issues of stigma and exclusion in tandem with a critical understanding of the moves to 'community care' instigated by landmark legislation in the form of the 1959 Mental Health Act. Overall, it provides evidence of an inclusive, coproductive model of design and highlights the positive contribution to communicating mental health made by those based in the humanities. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

  8. Developments in clinical neuropsychology: implications for school psychological services.

    PubMed

    Cleary, Michael J; Scott, Albert J

    2011-01-01

    According to the 2000 Report of the Surgeon General's Conference on Children's Mental Health, a significant percentage of children and adolescents have emotional or behavioral problems serious enough to merit a mental health diagnosis. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 and the Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 reemphasized the schools' importance in supporting cognitive and behavioral development in students, particularly those identified with learning problems. In this article, we examine the growing specialty of clinical neuropsychology and provide suggestions for integrating this field into school-based psychological services. This article provides a review of the neuropsychological bases for many childhood learning disorders and addresses how school psychologists can work with clinical neuropsychologists to better address the needs of exceptional children through neuropsychological testing. There is substantial neurological evidence for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder as well as disorders of reading, language, and mathematics. Close collaborative partnerships between clinical neuropsychologists and school psychologists will help develop assessment protocols that are likely to result in more effective intervention services for students with neuropsychological conditions. Schools are being asked to support the physical, cognitive, and emotional development in students, particularly those identified with chronic physical and mental health challenges. Dissatisfaction with minimal screenings, the growing awareness of the neurology of learning disorders, and the passage of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 obliges all school-based mental health providers to consider how to fully integrate the tools of clinical neuropsychology into school-based psychological services. © 2011, American School Health Association.

  9. Wealth Inequality and Mental Disability Among the Chinese Population: A Population Based Study.

    PubMed

    Wang, Zhenjie; Du, Wei; Pang, Lihua; Zhang, Lei; Chen, Gong; Zheng, Xiaoying

    2015-10-19

    In the study described herein, we investigated and explored the association between wealth inequality and the risk of mental disability in the Chinese population. We used nationally represented, population-based data from the second China National Sample Survey on Disability, conducted in 2006. A total of 1,724,398 study subjects between the ages of 15 and 64, including 10,095 subjects with mental disability only, were used for the analysis. Wealth status was estimated by a wealth index that was derived from a principal component analysis of 10 household assets and four other variables related to wealth. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for mental disability for each category, with the lowest quintile category as the referent. Confounding variables under consideration were age, gender, residence area, marital status, ethnicity, education, current employment status, household size, house type, homeownership and living arrangement. The distribution of various types and severities of mental disability differed significantly by wealth index category in the present population. Wealth index category had a positive association with mild mental disability (p for trend <0.01), but had a negative association with extremely severe mental disability (p for trend <0.01). Moreover, wealth index category had a significant, inverse association with mental disability when all severities of mental disability were taken into consideration. This study's results suggest that wealth is a significant factor in the distribution of mental disability and it might have different influences on various types and severities of mental disability.

  10. Wealth Inequality and Mental Disability Among the Chinese Population: A Population Based Study

    PubMed Central

    Wang, Zhenjie; Du, Wei; Pang, Lihua; Zhang, Lei; Chen, Gong; Zheng, Xiaoying

    2015-01-01

    In the study described herein, we investigated and explored the association between wealth inequality and the risk of mental disability in the Chinese population. We used nationally represented, population-based data from the second China National Sample Survey on Disability, conducted in 2006. A total of 1,724,398 study subjects between the ages of 15 and 64, including 10,095 subjects with mental disability only, were used for the analysis. Wealth status was estimated by a wealth index that was derived from a principal component analysis of 10 household assets and four other variables related to wealth. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for mental disability for each category, with the lowest quintile category as the referent. Confounding variables under consideration were age, gender, residence area, marital status, ethnicity, education, current employment status, household size, house type, homeownership and living arrangement. The distribution of various types and severities of mental disability differed significantly by wealth index category in the present population. Wealth index category had a positive association with mild mental disability (p for trend <0.01), but had a negative association with extremely severe mental disability (p for trend <0.01). Moreover, wealth index category had a significant, inverse association with mental disability when all severities of mental disability were taken into consideration. This study’s results suggest that wealth is a significant factor in the distribution of mental disability and it might have different influences on various types and severities of mental disability. PMID:26492258

  11. A multi-functional, portable device with wireless transmission for home monitoring of children with a learning disability.

    PubMed

    Tura, A; Badanai, M; Longo, D; Quareni, L

    2004-01-01

    A portable monitoring device was developed to assist in the management of children with a learning disability. The device was designed for continuous home monitoring of blood oxygen saturation, heart and respiration rates, and patient activity. It could be worn on a belt, while the patient continued normal activities. Data were stored on a multimedia card and automatically transmitted to a PC at prescribed intervals via a Bluetooth wireless link. From the PC the data were transmitted to a Web server, where the information was made available to the staff involved in the patient's care. Preliminary clinical studies were performed with nine patients (four with Down's syndrome, three with cerebral palsy and two with mental retardation). Patients and families considered the device easy to use and to wear. The monitoring device identified events of possible clinical interest. Although it was designed for monitoring children with a learning disability, it may also be useful with other groups, such as elderly people.

  12. Math on the Job. Accounting Clerk/Bookkeeper.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ohio State Univ., Columbus. National Center for Research in Vocational Education.

    This booklet is intended to help mainstreamed mentally retarded, emotionally disturbed, or learning disabled high school students acquire a basic understanding of the responsibilities and working conditions of accounting clerks and bookkeepers and to practice basic math skills necessary in the occupation. The first section provides a brief…

  13. Environmental Criteria: MR Preschool Day Care Facilities.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Waligura, Randolph L.; And Others

    Contributions of the physical environment to the learning process and environmental needs of preschool children are evaluated. Guidelines for the planning and design of preschool day care facilities, especially for mentally retarded and other children with developmental disabilities, are established. The current status and trends in day care…

  14. The Merging Categories: Appropriate Education or Administrative Convenience?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Phipps, Patricia M.

    1982-01-01

    The trend to include mildly mentally retarded, emotionally disturbed (behavior disordered), and learning disabled children in the same generic category and in the same school programs is increasing. The author believes that the noncategorical trend in special education can endanger the appropriate education of many children. (Author)

  15. Math on the Job. Taxi Driver.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ohio State Univ., Columbus. National Center for Research in Vocational Education.

    This booklet is intended to help mainstreamed mentally retarded, emotionally disturbed, or learning disabled high school students acquire a basic understanding of the responsibilities and working conditions of taxi drivers and to practice basic math skills necessary in the occupation. The first section provides a brief introduction to the…

  16. Modified Sainsbury tool: an initial risk assessment tool for primary care mental health and learning disability services.

    PubMed

    Stein, W

    2005-10-01

    Risk assessments by health and social care professionals must encompass risk of suicide, of harm to others, and of neglect. The UK's National Confidential Inquiry into Homicide and Suicide paints a picture of failure to predict suicides and homicides, failure to identify opportunities for prevention and a failure to manage these opportunities. Assessing risk at 'first contact' with the mental health service assumes a special place in this regard. The initial opportunity to be alerted to, and thus to influence, risk, usually falls to the general psychiatric service (as opposed to forensic specialists) or to a joint health and local authority community mental health team. The Mental Health and Learning Disabilities Directorate of Renfrewshire & Inverclyde Primary Care NHS Trust, Scotland, determined to standardize their approach to risk assessment and selected a modified version of the Sainsbury Risk Assessment Tool. A year-long pilot revealed general support for its service-wide introduction but also some misgivings to address, including: (i) rejection of the tool by some medical staff; (ii) concerns about limited training; and (iii) a perceived failure on the part of the management to properly resource its use. The tool has the potential to fit well with the computer-networked needs assessment system used in joint-working with partner local authorities to allocate care resources.

  17. [Social exclusion and discrimination of chronically mentally ill people in the Lodz region].

    PubMed

    Rasmus, Paweł; Nowaczyńska, Ewa; Stetkiewicz-Lewandowicz, Agnieszka; Rasmus, Alicja; Sobów, Tomasz

    2013-11-01

    Mental crisis exerts a negative effect on somatic, psychological and social functioning of a mentally ill person. Mental disease is often accompanied by factors increasing the social exclusion and discrimination of patients. Another problem is deeply rooted stereotypes and prejudices functioning in the public opinion, according to which people who suffer from mental disorder are considered insane and often dangerous for society. In Poland, thanks to, amongst others, the ESF (The European Social Fund) funds, it is possible to finance and implement research concerning social exclusion and discrimination of people who have experienced a mental crisis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the level of social exclusion and discrimination of people suffering from mental disorders from the Lodz region on the basis of seven points scale assessing their personal, occupational, and social functioning. MATERIAL AND METHODS; The study included a group of 101 patients with mental disorders. Participants were selected randomly from mental health institutions from the region of Lodz. To evaluate the problem of social exclusion in the group of patients a interview questionnaire was used. Social exclusion concerned people suffering from schizophrenia and psychosis, more than six years of illness, those with allocated disability pension, non-working and non-learning, with the lowest levels of education and maintaining a one-person household or living with one parent. Those who experienced the lowest degree of social exclusion were mainly people suffering from mood disorders, people with higher education, learning and working, living with both parents. Groups experiencing discrimination were mostly people with schizophrenia, disorders due to psychoactive substances, those with secondary and professional education, patients having a certificate of disability and maintaining a one-person household. Social exclusion of mentally ill people was mainly related to their low education, civic, social and economic activity. The problem of discrimination concerned 17% of the tested group. Half of participants of the study did not experience the discrimination effect.

  18. Does social support modify the effect of disability acquisition on mental health? A longitudinal study of Australian adults.

    PubMed

    Aitken, Zoe; Krnjacki, Lauren; Kavanagh, Anne Marie; LaMontagne, Anthony Daniel; Milner, Allison

    2017-10-01

    Disability acquisition in adulthood is associated with deterioration in mental health. Social support may act as a "buffer" against poor mental health following disability acquisition. We tested the hypothesis that women and men with low social support experienced larger declines in mental health on acquisition of a disability compared to women and men with high social support. We assessed whether social support, measured both prior and subsequent to disability acquisition, modified the association between disability acquisition and mental health using 14 annual waves of data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey. Participants reported at least two consecutive waves of disability preceded by at least two consecutive waves without disability (2200 participants, 15,724 observations). Fixed-effects linear regression models were used to estimate average differences in mental health between waves with and without disability, for women and men separately. We tested for effect measure modification of the association by social support, including a three-way interaction between disability and social support prior and subsequent to disability acquisition. Though the effects of disability acquisition on mental health were much larger for women, for both women and men there was a consistent pattern of association with social support. There was evidence that social support modified the association between disability acquisition and mental health, with the largest effects for those experiencing a change from high to low social support subsequent to disability and for people with consistently low social support. These findings highlight the importance of developing new policy and practice strategies to improve the mental health of people with disabilities, including interventions to promote social support at the time of disability acquisition.

  19. Investigation of Raising Burden of Children with Autism, Physical Disability and Mental Disability in China

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Xiong, Nina; Yang, Li; Yu, Yang; Hou, Jiaxun; Li, Jia; Li, Yuanyuan; Liu, Hairong; Zhang, Ying; Jiao, Zhengang

    2011-01-01

    The family economic burden of raising autistic children, physical disabled children and mental disabled children were evaluated in China. 227 parents of children with autism, children with physical disability, children with mental disability and normal children were interviewed for children's costs, family income and economic assistance, etc. The…

  20. 14 CFR 382.3 - What do the terms in this rule mean?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... and places between which those flights are performed. CPAP machine means a continuous positive airway pressure machine. Department or DOT means the United States Department of Transportation. Direct threat... learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment includes, but is not limited to, such...

  1. Education about Pain: A Neglected Area?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Twycross, Alison

    2000-01-01

    A survey of 34 coordinators of British nursing diploma courses found that programs focused on adult and child health covered a wide variety of pain-related topics, but in fewer than 10 hours on average. Learning disability and mental health programs had minimal pain management content. Overall, pain management received superficial coverage. (SK)

  2. Engine Identification. Teacher's Guide. Small Engine Repair Series.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hill, Pamela

    This teacher's guide is part of an instructional series on small engine repair that is intended for use with mentally retarded and learning disabled students in general mechanical repair programs. The package also includes three student manuals. Notes to the instructor cover equipment needed, preparation before teaching, and use of evaluation…

  3. Measurement. Teacher's Guide. Small Engine Repair Series.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    East Texas State Univ., Commerce. Occupational Curriculum Lab.

    This teacher's guide is part of an instructional series on small engine repair that is intended for use with mentally retarded and learning disabled students in general mechanical repair programs. Notes to the instructor cover equipment needed, preparation before teaching, and use of evaluation charts, transparency masters, audiovisual(s), and…

  4. Math on the Job. Nurse Aide/Assistant.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ohio State Univ., Columbus. National Center for Research in Vocational Education.

    This booklet is intended to help mainstreamed mentally retarded, emotionally disturbed, or learning disabled high school students acquire a basic understanding of the responsibilities and working conditions of nurse aides/assistants and to practice basic math skills necessary in the occupation. The first section provides a brief introduction to…

  5. Reading Success: Validation of a Specialized Literacy Program (1978-2007)

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Idol, Lorna

    2010-01-01

    Reading Success is an individualized teacher-guided literacy program proven for 663 students who experienced difficulty with reading. The students had learning disabilities, mild mental retardation, and behavior challenges; were at risk for school failure; or were transitioning from speaking Spanish to English and experiencing literacy problems.…

  6. Improving Reasoning and Recall: The Differential Effects of Elaborative Interrogation and Mnemonic Elaboration.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Scruggs, Thomas E.; And Others

    1993-01-01

    Fifty-three adolescents with learning disabilities or mild mental retardation were taught reasons for dinosaur extinction. Those taught in a mnemonic elaborative interrogation condition recalled more reasons than did students who received direct teaching. Students in elaborative interrogation and mnemonic elaborative interrogation groups recalled…

  7. Alaska Native Education: Issues in the Nineties. Alaska Native Policy Papers.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kleinfeld, Judith

    This booklet identifies several crucial problems in Alaska Native education, for example: (1) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE) occur in Alaska Native populations at relatively high rates and can produce mental retardation, hyperactivity, attention deficits, and learning disabilities; (2) while many Native rural school…

  8. Math on the Job. Metal Product Assembler.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ohio State Univ., Columbus. National Center for Research in Vocational Education.

    This booklet is intended to help mainstreamed mentally retarded, emotionally disturbed, or learning disabled high school students acquire a basic understanding of the responsibilities and working conditions of metal product assemblers and to practice basic math skills necessary in the occupation. The first section provides a brief introduction to…

  9. Sharing the Street: Activities for All Children.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kolucki, Barbara; And Others

    Written for teachers and parents with little or no knowledge of special education, the book provides information on games and activities to help integrate young children with hearing or visual impairments, mental retardation, and other physical and learning disabilities. Each activity includes statements of the purpose, goals, materials, and…

  10. Perceiving Goals and Actions in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Zalla, Tiziana; Labruyère, Nelly; Georgieff, Nicolas

    2013-01-01

    In the present study, we investigated the ability to parse familiar sequences of action into meaningful events in young individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), as compared to young individuals with typical development (TD) and young individuals with moderate mental retardation or learning disabilities (MLDs). While viewing two…

  11. Prader-Willi Syndrome. ARC Q&A #101-52.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Arc, Arlington, TX.

    This fact sheet uses a question-and-answer format to summarize what is known about Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS), a complex genetic disorder resulting in short stature, mental retardation or learning disabilities, incomplete sexual development, characteristic behavior problems, low muscle tone, and an involuntary urge to eat constantly, which…

  12. 14 CFR 382.3 - What do the terms in this rule mean?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... and places between which those flights are performed. CPAP machine means a continuous positive airway pressure machine. Department or DOT means the United States Department of Transportation. Direct threat... learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment includes, but is not limited to, such...

  13. 14 CFR 382.3 - What do the terms in this rule mean?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... and places between which those flights are performed. CPAP machine means a continuous positive airway pressure machine. Department or DOT means the United States Department of Transportation. Direct threat... learning disabilities. The term physical or mental impairment includes, but is not limited to, such...

  14. The Summarized Factorial Assessment Outline: A Structural Paradigm for EMR and L-D Assessment.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gerig, Gaylord E.

    Described is the Summarized Factorial Assessment Outline (SFAO), a total assessment procedure for educable mentally retarded and learning disabled students which is centered on the three diagnostic processes of identification, interpretation, and prescription for remediation. Following an introduction covering the problem, purpose, need, and…

  15. Measuring adjustment in Japanese juvenile delinquents with learning disabilities using Japanese version of Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children II.

    PubMed

    Kumagami, Takashi; Kumagai, Keiko

    2014-10-01

    The aim of this study was to create a profile of the cognitive and academic abilities of juvenile delinquents (JD) in Japan using the newly validated Japanese version of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition (KABC-II-J). We administered the KABC-II-J to 22 JD (Mage  = 15.9 years, standard deviation [SD] = 1.4), 28 typically developing high school students (Mage  = 16.0 years, SD = 0.08), and (as controls) 12 special education students (Mage  = 16.9, SD = 0.83) with mild intellectual disabilities. We observed significant differences between JD and typically developing students on learning index of the Mental Process Index, and the vocabulary, reading, writing, and mathematics indices on the Achievement Index. JD had lower scores than did typically developing high school students. Fourteen JD had a 1 SD discrepancy (43%) in scores on these indices. These cases were suspected of having learning disabilities. The KABC-II-J is a suitable means of assessing academic and cognitive problems in JD; professionals working in the field of juvenile delinquency should recognize that offenders might have severe academic delays and learning disabilities. © 2014 The Authors. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences © 2014 Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology.

  16. An educational rationale for deaf students with multiple disabilities.

    PubMed

    Ewing, Karen M; Jones, Thomas W

    2003-01-01

    Deaf students with with multiple disabilities have a long history of limited opportunity, including limited access to educational opportunities available to their deaf peers. This article places the individual needs of deaf students with multiple disabilities in the context that guides much of deaf education--the importance of language acquisition. That emphasis provides a basis for placement and curriculum options for deaf students with multiple disabilities. The authors review the evolution of placement options, describe assumptions that should guide placement and curriculum decisions, and recommend practices for optimizing these students' education. Descriptions of three service delivery models--multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary--are provided, as well as an overview of the effectiveness of person-centered planning for deaf students with multiple disabilities. Disability-specific resources are highlighted that relate to mental retardation, autism, visual impairments, learning disabilities, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, emotional disorders, medical issues, and general resources.

  17. [Mental Health Promotion Among the Chronic Disabled Population in the Community].

    PubMed

    Huang, Hui-Chuan; Wang, Li-Hua; Chang, Hsiu-Ju

    2015-08-01

    Societal ageing and the rising prevalence of chronic disease are important causes that underlie the growth in the number of disabled individuals. The disease-induced psychological distress experienced by this population not only decreases quality of life but also increases demand for healthcare. The healthcare policy for the disabled population currently focuses on community healthcare. Therefore, developing appropriate programs to promote mental health among the disabled population in community settings is a critical issue. The present paper reviews current mental health promotion initiatives that target the disabled population in the community and addresses mental healthcare issues that are prevalent among the chronically disabled; strategies of mental health promotion that use music therapy, reminiscence therapy, and horticultural therapy; and the roles and responsibilities of community professionals in mental healthcare. We offer these perspectives as a reference to promote mental health and to establish holistic community healthcare for chronically disabled individuals.

  18. 38 CFR 4.127 - Mental retardation and personality disorders.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... AFFAIRS SCHEDULE FOR RATING DISABILITIES Disability Ratings Mental Disorders § 4.127 Mental retardation and personality disorders. Mental retardation and personality disorders are not diseases or injuries... from them may not be service-connected. However, disability resulting from a mental disorder that is...

  19. Role of common mental and physical disorders in partial disability around the world

    PubMed Central

    Bruffaerts, Ronny; Vilagut, Gemma; Demyttenaere, Koen; Alonso, Jordi; AlHamzawi, Ali; Andrade, Laura Helena; Benjet, Corina; Bromet, Evelyn; Bunting, Brendan; de Girolamo, Giovanni; Florescu, Silvia; Gureje, Oye; Haro, Josep Maria; He, Yanling; Hinkov, Hristo; Hu, Chiyi; Karam, Elie G.; Lepine, Jean-Pierre; Levinson, Daphna; Matschinger, Herbert; Nakane, Yoshibumi; Ormel, Johan; Posada-Villa, Jose; Scott, Kate M.; Varghese, Matthew; Williams, David R.; Xavier, Miguel; Kessler, Ronald C.

    2012-01-01

    Background Mental and physical disorders are associated with total disability, but their effects on days with partial disability (i.e. the ability to perform some, but not full-role, functioning in daily life) are not well understood. Aims To estimate individual (i.e. the consequences for an individual with a disorder) and societal effects (i.e. the avoidable partial disability in the society due to disorders) of mental and physical disorders on days with partial disability around the world. Method Respondents from 26 nationally representative samples (n = 61 259, age 18+) were interviewed regarding mental and physical disorders, and day-to-day functioning. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview, version 3.0 (CIDI 3.0) was used to assess mental disorders; partial disability (expressed in full day equivalents) was assessed with the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule in the CIDI 3.0. Results Respondents with disorders reported about 1.58 additional disability days per month compared with respondents without disorders. At the individual level, mental disorders (especially post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and bipolar disorder) yielded a higher number of days with disability than physical disorders. At the societal level, the population attributable risk proportion due to physical and mental disorders was 49% and 15% respectively. Conclusions Mental and physical disorders have a considerable impact on partial disability, at both the individual and at the societal level. Physical disorders yielded higher effects on partial disability than mental disorders. PMID:22539779

  20. Impact of the role of senior dual disability coordinator on the perceived self-efficacy and job satisfaction of mental health clinicians.

    PubMed

    Hendren, Amanda Jayne; Kendall, Melissa Bianca

    2015-01-01

    This study aimed to evaluate a new service role in mental health services, namely, the senior dual disability coordinator role (SDDC) for its impact on the perceived self-efficacy of mental health clinicians in managing clients with dual disability (mental illness and acquired brain injury and/or intellectual disability) and their job satisfaction. Mental health clinicians from a health service district in Queensland, Australia who contacted the SDDC for clinical consultation and liaison between July 2011 and July 2013 were asked to complete a questionnaire assessing perceived self-efficacy in working with clients with dual disability as well as their job satisfaction, prior to (T1) and following (T2) their contact with the SDDC. Twenty-five clinicians completed and returned pre- and post-measure questionnaires. Self-reported knowledge of dual disability, clinical skills in dual disability, service knowledge in dual disability as well as perceived self-efficacy, and job satisfaction increased significantly from T1 to T2. There were no significant differences across professional discipline or years of service. The delivery of a clinical consultation liaison service as part of the role of SDDC may assist mental health clinicians with self-efficacy and job satisfaction, regardless of the number of years they have worked in the service or their professional discipline. Mental health clinicians with improved self-efficacy for working with clients with dual disability may be more likely to consider the client suitable for services through mental health and follow-up with treatment and linking the client with other identified suitable services. Implications for Rehabilitation Dual disability (mental illness and acquired brain injury and/or intellectual disability) presents specific challenges for mental health services Specific strategies are needed to build capacity among mental health practitioners in order to meet the needs of people with dual disability and provide appropriate services. Introducing dual disability coordinators as a specific position within a health service district may assist to improve self-efficacy and job satisfaction of mental health practitioners assisting people with dual disability.

  1. Contribution of mental and physical disorders to disability in military personnel.

    PubMed

    Beliveau, P J H; Boulos, D; Zamorski, M A

    2018-05-19

    Combat operations in Southwest Asia have exposed millions of military personnel to risk of mental disorders and physical injuries, including traumatic brain injury (TBI). The contribution of specific disorders to disability is, however, uncertain. To estimate the contributions of mental and physical health conditions to disability in military personnel. The sample consisted of military personnel who participated in the cross-sectional 2013 Canadian Forces Mental Health Survey. Disability was measured using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health was used to classify participants with moderate/severe disability. Chronic mental disorders and physical conditions were measured by self-reported health professional diagnoses, and their contribution to disability was assessed using logistic regression and resulting population attributable fractions. Data were collected from 6696 military members. The prevalence of moderate/severe disability was 10%. Mental disorders accounted for 27% (95% confidence interval [CI] 23-31%) and physical conditions 62% (95% CI 56-67%) of the burden of disability. Chronic musculoskeletal problems 33% (95% CI 26-39%), back problems 29% (95% CI 23-35%), mood disorders 16% (95% CI 11-19%) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 9% (95% CI 5-12%) were the leading contributors to disability. After-effects of TBI accounted for only 3% (95% CI 1-4%) of disability. Mental and physical health interacted broadly, such that those with mental disorders experienced disproportionate disability in the presence of physical conditions. Chronic musculoskeletal conditions, back problems, mood disorders and PTSD are primary areas of focus in prevention and control of disability in military personnel.

  2. Lack of significant association between spina bifida and the fragile X syndrome

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Schiano, C.M.; Demb, H.B.; Brown, W.T.

    1995-12-04

    Folic acid is involved in two common disorders associated with developmental disabilities. Spina bifida is a malformation that may be associated with mental retardation, learning disabilities, and epilepsy. Its incidence can be reduced by the ingestion of folic acid before, and at the time of, conception. The fragile X syndrome is a genetic disorder which is the most common form of inherited mental retardation. This disorder can be diagnosed by the induction of fragile sites on the X chromosome which is cultured in a medium deficient in folic acid. In several studies, folic acid was reported to alleviate some ofmore » the developmental and behavioral manifestations associated in the fragile X syndrome, while in others, it has no effect. 9 refs.« less

  3. The mental health of adolescents with and without mild/moderate intellectual disabilities in England: Secondary analysis of a longitudinal cohort study.

    PubMed

    Hatton, Chris; Emerson, Eric; Robertson, Janet; Baines, Susannah

    2017-11-24

    Children with mild/moderate intellectual disabilities are at greater risk for mental health problems, with socio-economic factors and adversity partly accounting for this. Fewer data are available for adolescents. Secondary analysis was undertaken of the Next Steps annual panel study following a cohort through adolescence into adulthood containing self-report mental health data up to age 16/17. Participants with mild/moderate intellectual disabilities were identified through data linkage with educational records. Adolescents with mild/moderate intellectual disabilities were more likely than non-disabled peers to experience socio-economic disadvantage and bullying. Incidence rates of mental health problems were generally not significantly different between adolescents with and without intellectual disabilities. These findings are consistent with higher rates of persistent mental health problems beginning earlier among children with intellectual disabilities. Greater attention needs to be paid to the timecourse of mental health problems, and the impact of socio-economic factors, family and peers on mental health. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  4. Stigma as a barrier to employment: mental disability and the Americans with Disabilities Act.

    PubMed

    Scheid, Teresa L

    2005-01-01

    In a controversial expansion of workplace civil rights, the 1990 Americans with Disability Act (ADA) extended anti-discrimination protection to individuals with "mental impairments." One of the most critical barriers to the employment of individuals with mental disabilities is the degree of social stigma such disabilities incur, and there is compelling evidence that employers have stigmatizing attitudes and have discriminated against those with mental disabilities. This study examines the role played by stigma in employers' response to the 1990 Americans with Disability Act (ADA). A stratified sample of one hundred ninety employers were surveyed in 1996-1997 in a major Southern metropolitan area. Telephone interviews were completed with one hundred seventeen employers (response rate of 61.6%). The article describes employers' experiences with employees with mental disabilities and accommodations, specific employment practices, and attitudes towards those with mental disabilities. Stigma played an important role in conformity to the ADA (operationalized as either hiring or having specific recruiting policies for hiring individuals with mental disabilities). Furthermore, employers expressing coercive (fear of a lawsuit) as opposed to normative (belief that it is the right thing to do) rationales for compliance were more likely to hold stigmatized attitudes. Employers' beliefs about mental disability form a crucial foundation for truly supportive work environments (those that value difference and diversity), and further research is needed to determine if over time the ADA is successful in changing attitudes as well as behavior.

  5. [Predictors of employment intention for mentally disabled persons].

    PubMed

    Han, Sang-Sook; Han, Jeong Hye; Yun, Eun Kyoung

    2008-08-01

    This study was conducted to determine the predictors of employment intention for mentally disabled persons. Mentally disabled persons who had participated in rehabilitation programs in one of 16 mental health centers and 9 community rehabilitation centers located in Seoul and Kyunggi province were recruited for this study. A random sampling method was used and 414 respondents were used for final analysis. Data was analyzed by Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS Win 14.0. The predictors influencing employment intention of the mentally disabled person were observed as employment desire (beta=.48), guardian's expectation (beta=.26), professional's support (beta=.23), financial management (beta=.10), eating habits (beta=.07), and quality of life (beta=-.01). Six factors explained 61.1% of employment intention of mentally disabled persons. The employment intention of a mentally disabled person was influenced by employment desire, diet self-efficacy, guardian's expectation, professional's support, quality of life, financial management and eating habits.

  6. Facts about Alcohol and Other Drug Use during Pregnancy. ARC Facts.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Association for Retarded Citizens, Arlington, TX.

    The fact sheet provides basic information about how alcohol and drug use during pregnancy can lead to Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and Alcohol Related Birth Defects (ARBD), resulting in such problems as mental retardation, sleep disturbances, learning disabilities, muscle problems, heart defects, and small head size. The question and answer format…

  7. WISC-R Short Forms: Long on Problems.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Boyd, Thomas A.; Tramontana, Michael G.

    To examine the validity of short forms of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R), the WISC-R was first administered to 106 hospitalized psychiatric patients, aged 8-16. No subjects had a primary diagnosis of mental retardation or learning disability, and one-third were receiving psychotropic medication. WISC-R IQ scores…

  8. Troubleshooting. Teacher's Guide and Student Activity Sheets. Small Engine Repair Series.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hill, Pamela

    This teacher's guide is part of an instructional series on small engine repair that is intended for use with mentally retarded and learning disabled students in general mechanical repair programs. Notes to the instructor cover equipment needed, preparation before teaching, and use of evaluation charts, transparency masters, audiovisual(s), and…

  9. Individualized Instruction, Discipline, and Behavior Modification in an Alternative School Environment.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Womack, Sid T.

    Withdrawn and disruptive students can make progress in an alternative school where they receive individualized instruction and attention with a system of earned credits and fines. The student body in an alternative school may be hetereogeneous, ranging from the borderline mentally retarded and learning disabled to the emotionally disturbed. Their…

  10. The Regular Education Initiative: A Deja Vu Remembered with Sadness and Concern.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Silver, Larry B.

    1991-01-01

    This article compares the ideals of the regular education initiative to provide services for learning-disabled students within the regular classroom to the ideals and resulting negative effects (e.g., homelessness) of the deinstitutionalization of the mentally ill during the 1960s. Resistance to efforts to decrease or eliminate special education…

  11. Alterity: Learning Polyvalent Selves, Resisting Disabling Notions of the Self

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Walker, Wayland

    2011-01-01

    This article queries how one type of human difference--alterity, the experience of multiple distinct consciousnesses, or "alters," by one person--is pathologized in American culture. This experience is inscribed as a mental illness, labeled now as dissociative identity disorder (DID) and formerly known as multiple personality disorder (MPD). In…

  12. The Care and Feeding of a Successful Collaborative Partnership.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Huth, Harvey; Denny, Verna Haskins; Nardino, Charles; Bailey, Robert; Street, David; Sinnott, Judy; Spector, Harriet; Trolio, Peter; Dillman, Jenny

    In this document, representatives from the four partners involved in a self-directed distance learning program for developmental aides responsible for caring for persons with developmental disabilities and/or mental retardation (the City University of New York, a labor union, an executive employee relations office, and a state agency involved in…

  13. An Education System for High-Risk Infants: A Preventive Approach to Developmental and Learning Disabilities.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Meier, John H.; And Others

    This paper reviews recent literature in the field of infant education, presents a rationale for developing a systematic program of infant education, and suggests how this might be accomplished. Developmental research has shown that experiential deprivation, whether environmentally or neurologically caused, is the major factor in mental retardation…

  14. Developing Job Skills for Special Needs Students. A Curriculum Guide.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mesa Community Coll., AZ.

    This curriculum guide is one of three documents developed in a community college project to meet the career and vocational needs of disadvantaged handicapped youth (mainly the learning disabled, the educable mentally handicapped, and the emotionally handicapped) by assisting them to gain and retain full-time, non-subsidized employment. The…

  15. The Design of a Pre-School "Learning Laboratory" in a Rehabilitation Center.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gordon, Ronnie

    The educational philosophy and medical setting of a preschool program in a rehabilitation center for handicapped children are presented in this monograph. Children with diverse physical, mental, and behavioral problems are served by the Center, which emphasizes development of each child's potential within the limits of his disabilities. The basic…

  16. Microcomputers in the Classroom: Don't Exclude the Developmentally Disabled.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Schall, William E.; And Others

    1985-01-01

    This study tested the hypothesis that 15- to 21-year-old educable mentally retarded students could successfully interact with microcomputers and show interest in using them as a learning tool. High interest levels and attention spans and positive microcomputer attitudes displayed by subjects suggest there may be unrealized potential in…

  17. People with mental disabilities negotiating life in the risk society: a theoretical approach.

    PubMed

    Eriksson, B G; Hummelvoll, J K

    2008-10-01

    Risk assessment and risk management owing to the potential threat from people with serious mental disorders living in the local community have been given much attention in psychiatric and mental healthcare research. Research connected to risks associated with living in the community for people with mental disabilities has also been published. This paper focuses on the situation of people with mental health problems and disabilities from a quite different perspective. In the light of the societal change towards what has been named the 'risk society', the consequences for vulnerable groups, especially people with mental disabilities, are discussed. Furthermore, the purpose is to shed light on how structural factors, like the process of individualization and 'de-population' of societal institutions, are affecting the living conditions for people with mental disabilities - positively as well as negatively. The importance of trust in the risk society is highlighted, but also the important role that the local community might play in relation to people with mental disabilities. Finally, some potentialities and new roles that this development towards a risk society and increased individualization paradoxically can open up for people with mental disabilities are outlined.

  18. [Behavioral disorders and substance abuse in adolescents with mental retardation].

    PubMed

    Papachristou, Ec; Anagnostopoulos, Dk

    2014-01-01

    The percentage of people with mental retardation in the general population is estimated at about 2.3%, with adolescence (15-20 years) constituting the development period during which a peak in rates of mental retardation is observed. The increased prevalence of adolescence may be explained from the fact that the specified requirements of the school initially, and society later, inevitably lead to comparative evaluation of the teen with mental retardation in relation to peers, thus making mental retardation more apparent. Adolescents with mental retardation face a number of physical and psychological needs which are not often distinguishable and as a consequence undergo the deterioration of their already burdened quality of life. In particular, mental health problems occur 3 to 4 times more often in adolescents with mental retardation compared with adolescents of the general population. This review presents the most recent epidemiological findings regarding the correlation between behavioral disorders, substance use and the possible comorbidity in adolescents with intellectual disability, both at community level and residential care level. Epidemiological data indicate that behavioral disorders are among the most common types of psychopathology in mentally retarded adolescents with the severity and symptoms varying depending on the personal characteristics of each adolescent. Regarding substance use, the available data show that the rates of substance use (alcohol, smoking, illicit drugs) are lower in this specific population group but the differences over the last years tend to be eliminated. Finally, according to the few surveys that were examined referring to the comorbidity of behavioral disorders and substance use in adolescents with intellectual disability, the results were contradictory. Specifically, while behavioral disorders continued to be one of the most common types of psychopathology, the related substances disorders indicated lower rates compared to normal intelligence adolescents with behavioral disorders. Risk factors that increase the chances of developing either simple or more complicated types of psychopathology in adolescents with mental retardation have been found to be based on individual, family and social levels. On the other hand, the individual characteristics of adolescents (intellectual level, attention capacity, understandable linguistic expression, overall progress until adolescence), the existence of a supportive family environment and the presence of social support and awareness through the creation of special counseling, education and medical services, are the most important protective factors which contribute to the prevention of several forms of psychopathology in adolescents with mental retardation. For the writing of the literature review, the following electronic databases were used: PubMed, Scopus, Psycinfo, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Google Scholar. The key words used were: Intellectual Disability, Behavioral disorders, Adolescents, Mental Retardation, Learning disabilities, Developmental Disabilities, Disruptive behaviour disorders, Conduct disorder, Substance Abuse, Substance Misuse, Oppositional defiant disorder, Alcohol and illicit drug use, Smoking Use, Young people, Teenagers, Youths.

  19. Navigating the Rolling Hills of Justice: Mental Disabilities, Employment and the Evolving Jurisprudence of the Americans with Disabilities Act.

    PubMed

    Wylonis, Lauren; Wylonis, Nina T; Sadoff, Robert

    2017-03-01

    Mental illness and disability affect millions of individuals yearly in the U.S. The most important legislation protecting the mentally disabled in the workplace in the U.S. over the last half century has been the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and its associated legislation and guidance. Although the employee should first request reasonable accommodation with the employer, evaluation by a mental health professional is one of the initial steps for individuals who report significant psychiatric symptoms that are impairing their functioning at work in the U.S.. Important regulations and laws in the United States that are essential knowledge to performing thorough mental disability evaluations include the ADA and Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act of 2008 (ADAAA), Social Security Disability, Workers' Compensation, and private disability insurance. These laws differ in applicability and in their definitions of disability. Social Security Disability is applicable to workers who have long-term impairments regardless of whether the disability arose on or off the job, while Worker's Compensation is specific to persons with work-related illness and injuries that occur on the job (Reno, Williams, & Sengupta, ). The Social Security definition of a disabled person is a person who is not "able to engage in any substantial gainful activity because of a medically-determinable physical or mental impairment(s): that is expected to result in death, or that has lasted or is expected to last for a continuous period of at least 12 months" (Social Security Red Book, ). However, the Workers' Compensation definition of what illnesses/injuries are compensated, the level of benefits and who provides the insurance are state-specific. Due to these differences in definition of disability, it is essential for the mental health professional performing a mental disability evaluation to clarify with the referral source or referring agency which legislation and laws they feel are directly relevant to the specific situation before starting the evaluation. While the ADA and ADA Amendments Act of 2008 have had the greatest impact on the improvement of conditions for mentally disabled individuals in employment over the last 25 years, they have also been the most challenging by far for mental health experts to understand and apply (Cook, ). Interestingly, the ADA has had a much quicker effect on improving access to services for the medically disabled as compared with the mentally disabled in the U.S. (Ullman, Johnsen, Moss, & Burris, ). This article reviews the history and status of current ADA- and ADAAA-related law and employment as well as Canadian disability law and global progress towards universal disability legislation as evidenced by the 2006 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  20. Investigation of raising burden of children with autism, physical disability and mental disability in China.

    PubMed

    Xiong, Nina; Yang, Li; Yu, Yang; Hou, Jiaxun; Li, Jia; Li, Yuanyuan; Liu, Hairong; Zhang, Ying; Jiao, Zhengang

    2011-01-01

    The family economic burden of raising autistic children, physical disabled children and mental disabled children were evaluated in China. 227 parents of children with autism, children with physical disability, children with mental disability and normal children were interviewed for children's costs, family income and economic assistance, etc. The medical cost and caring cost of disabled children were significantly more than those of normal children, and the education cost, clothes cost and amusement cost of disabled children were significantly less than those of normal children. Family income was only predicted by parents' education level. Families of disabled children received more economic assistance than families of normal children except families of autistic children. More children the family had, less economic assistance the family acquired. Compared with normal children, the raising burden of children with disabilities were as follows: children with autism (19582.4 RMB per year), children with physical disability (16410.1 RMB per year), children with mental disability (6391.0 RMB per year). Families of autistic children, physical disabled children and mental disabled children have heavier raising burden than families of normal children, they need more help from many aspects. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  1. Modeling of recovery profiles in mentally disabled and intact patients after sevoflurane anesthesia; a pharmacodynamic analysis.

    PubMed

    Shin, Teo Jeon; Noh, Gyu-Jeong; Koo, Yong-Seo; Han, Dong Woo

    2014-11-01

    Mentally disabled patients show different recovery profiles compared to normal patients after general anesthesia. However, the relationship of dose-recovery profiles of mentally disabled patients has never been compared to that of normal patients. Twenty patients (10 mentally disabled patients and 10 mentally intact patients) scheduled to dental surgery under general anesthesia was recruited. Sevoflurane was administered to maintain anesthesia during dental treatment. At the end of the surgery, sevoflurane was discontinued. End-tidal sevoflurane and recovery of consciousness (ROC) were recorded after sevoflurane discontinuation. The pharmacodynamic relation between the probability of ROC and end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was analyzed using NONMEM software (version VII). End-tidal sevoflurane concentration associated with 50% probability of ROC (C₅₀) and γ value were lower in the mentally disabled patients (C₅₀=0.37 vol %, γ=16.5 in mentally intact patients, C₅₀=0.19 vol %, γ=4.58 in mentally disabled patients). Mentality was a significant covariate of C₅₀ for ROC and γ value to pharmacodynamic model. A sigmoid Emanx model explains the pharmacodynamic relationship between end-tidal sevoflurane concentration and ROC. Mentally disabled patients may recover slower from anesthesia at lower sevoflurane concentration at ROC an compared to normal patients.

  2. Modeling of Recovery Profiles in Mentally Disabled and Intact Patients after Sevoflurane Anesthesia; A Pharmacodynamic Analysis

    PubMed Central

    Shin, Teo Jeon; Noh, Gyu-Jeong; Koo, Yong-Seo

    2014-01-01

    Purpose Mentally disabled patients show different recovery profiles compared to normal patients after general anesthesia. However, the relationship of dose-recovery profiles of mentally disabled patients has never been compared to that of normal patients. Materials and Methods Twenty patients (10 mentally disabled patients and 10 mentally intact patients) scheduled to dental surgery under general anesthesia was recruited. Sevoflurane was administered to maintain anesthesia during dental treatment. At the end of the surgery, sevoflurane was discontinued. End-tidal sevoflurane and recovery of consciousness (ROC) were recorded after sevoflurane discontinuation. The pharmacodynamic relation between the probability of ROC and end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was analyzed using NONMEM software (version VII). Results End-tidal sevoflurane concentration associated with 50% probability of ROC (C50) and γ value were lower in the mentally disabled patients (C50=0.37 vol %, γ=16.5 in mentally intact patients, C50=0.19 vol %, γ=4.58 in mentally disabled patients). Mentality was a significant covariate of C50 for ROC and γ value to pharmacodynamic model. Conclusion A sigmoid Emanx model explains the pharmacodynamic relationship between end-tidal sevoflurane concentration and ROC. Mentally disabled patients may recover slower from anesthesia at lower sevoflurane concentration at ROC an compared to normal patients. PMID:25323901

  3. Service development for intellectual disability mental health: a human rights approach.

    PubMed

    Evans, E; Howlett, S; Kremser, T; Simpson, J; Kayess, R; Trollor, J

    2012-11-01

    People with intellectual disability (ID) experience higher rates of major mental disorders than their non-ID peers, but in many countries have difficulty accessing appropriate mental health services. The aim of this paper is to review the current state of mental health services for people with ID using Australia as a case example, and critically appraise whether such services currently meet the standards set by the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The literature regarding the current state of mental health services for people with ID was reviewed, with a particular focus on Australia. The review highlighted a number of issues to be addressed to meet the mental health needs of people with ID to ensure that their human rights are upheld like those of all other citizens. Many of the barriers to service provision encountered in Australia are likely also to be relevant to other nations, including the culture of division between disability and mental health services, the inadequate training of both disability and mental health workers in ID mental health, and the lack of relevant epidemiological data. None of these barriers are insurmountable. Recommendations are made for adopting a human rights-based approach towards the development and provision of mental health services for people with ID. These include improved policy with measurable outcomes, improved service access via clear referral pathways and the sharing of resources across disability and mental health services, and improved service delivery through training and education initiatives for both the mental health and disability workforce. © 2012 The Authors. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

  4. Stigma of persons with disabilities in Afghanistan: Examining the pathways from stereotyping to mental distress.

    PubMed

    Trani, Jean-Francois; Ballard, Ellis; Peña, Juan B

    2016-03-01

    Despite evidence that stigma of disability is frequently reflected through stereotyping and often results in mental distress, very limited literature demonstrates the pathways through which stereotyping has an impact on mental health. Drawing from a large sample of 1449 participants interviewed between December 2012 and September 2013 from an Afghan community-based rehabilitation program, we examined the structure of stigma associated with disability in Afghanistan. Labeling and negative stereotypes, associated with a specific cause of disability, result in social exclusion that in turn impacts mental health. Using structural equation modeling with latent variables, we examined the mediation effect of stereotypes associated with disability on mental distress and anxiety. We found a mediating role of social exclusion between stereotypes and mental distress but only in the case of persons with disabilities from birth. Comparing the total effect of 'disabled at birth' and mental distress 0.195 (95% CI: 0.018-0.367) the effect size of this mediation effect was 0.293 (95% CI: 0.173-0.415). There was no significant direct effect between 'disabled at birth' and mental distress once mediation effect was accounted for in our model. These findings suggest that a multipronged policy approach that recognizes the driving forces of stigma and promotes social participation directly alongside psychosocial interventions on mental distress of persons with disabilities is necessary to achieve wellbeing for a group that has been historically and systematically excluded from development interventions. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  5. Mammography usage with relevant factors among women with mental disabilities in Taiwan: a nationwide population-based study.

    PubMed

    Yen, Suh-May; Kung, Pei-Tseng; Tsai, Wen-Chen

    2015-02-01

    Women with mental illness are at increased risk of developing and dying from breast cancer and are thus in urgent need of breast cancer preventive care. This study examined the use of screening mammography by Taiwanese women with mental disabilities and analyzed factors affecting this use. 17,243 Taiwanese women with mental disabilities aged 50-69 years were retrospectively included as study subjects. Linked patient data were obtained from three national databases in Taiwan (the 2008 database of physically and mentally disabled persons, the Health Promotion Administration's 2007-2008 mammography screening data, and claims data from the National Health Insurance Research Database). Besides descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis, logistic regression analysis was also performed to examine factors affecting screening mammography use. The 2007-2008 mammography screening rate for Taiwanese women with mental disabilities was 8.79% (n=1515). Variables that significantly influenced screening use were income, education, presence of catastrophic illness/injury, severity of mental disability, and usage of other preventive care services. Screening was positively correlated with income and education. Those with catastrophic illness/injury were more likely to be screened (odds ratio [OR], 1.40; 95% CI=1.15-1.72). Severity of disability was negatively correlated with screening, with very severe, severe, and moderate disability being associated with 0.34-0.69 times the odds of screening as mild disability. In Taiwan, women with mental disabilities receive far less mammography screening than women in general. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  6. The impact of comorbidity of mental and physical conditions on role disability in the US adult household population.

    PubMed

    Merikangas, Kathleen R; Ames, Minnie; Cui, Lihong; Stang, Paul E; Ustun, T Bedirhan; Von Korff, Michael; Kessler, Ronald C

    2007-10-01

    There is limited information that accounts for comorbidity on the impact of role disability associated with a wide range of mental and physical disorders in population-based samples. To estimate the comparative effects of common mental and physical conditions on role disability in the general population using a novel method that accounts for comorbidity. Direct interviews about physical and mental conditions during the past year. The National Comorbidity Survey Replication, a nationally representative series of face-to-face interviews. A nationally representative sample of adults living in households (N = 5962 respondents, 18 years and older). Disability in major life roles was assessed with the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule. Simulations that allow for complex interactions among conditions were used to estimate the conditions' effects on disability days, when respondents were completely unable to carry out their usual daily activities because of problems with mental or physical health, in the past 12 months. An estimated 53.4% of US adults have 1 or more of the mental or physical conditions assessed in the survey. These respondents report an average 32.1 more role-disability days in the past year than demographically matched controls, equivalent to nearly 3.6 billion days of role disability in the population. Musculoskeletal disorders and major depression had the greatest effects on disability days. Mental conditions accounted for more than half as many disability days as all physical conditions at the population level. Associations of specific conditions with disability decreased substantially after controlling for comorbidity, suggesting that prior studies, which generally did not control for comorbidity, overestimated disease-specific effects. The staggering amount of health-related disability associated with mental and physical conditions should be considered in establishing priorities for the allocation of health care and research resources.

  7. Therapeutic and Ethical Dilemma of Puberty and Menstruation Problems in an Intellectually Disabled (Autistic) Female: a Case Report.

    PubMed

    Memarian, Azadeh; Mehrpisheh, Shahrokh

    2015-10-01

    Intellectual disability is a term used when a person has certain limitations in mental functioning and skills. Autism is a group of developmental brain disorders, collectively called autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Teenagers with learning and physical disabilities are more likely to have menstrual problems compared to the general populations. The parents of a 12-year-old girl with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability referred to the coroner due to her numerous problems of puberty (menstruation) including: poor hygiene and polluting herself and the environment, not allowing to put or change the pads and changes in mood and physical health prior period, requested for the surgery (hysterectomy). In legal medicine organization after reviewing the medical records, physical exams and medical consultations with a gynecologist and psychiatric, surgery was not accepted. Hysterectomy (surgery) due to the age of the child, either physically or morally is not recommended. The use of hormone replacement therapy has side effects such as osteoporosis. In these cases, it seems noninvasive methods (behavioral therapy and learning care skills) under the welfare experts is also more effective and morally.

  8. Mental Health Following Acquisition of Disability in Adulthood--The Impact of Wealth.

    PubMed

    Kavanagh, Anne Marie; Aitken, Zoe; Krnjacki, Lauren; LaMontagne, Anthony Daniel; Bentley, Rebecca; Milner, Allison

    2015-01-01

    Acquisition of a disability in adulthood has been associated with a reduction in mental health. We tested the hypothesis that low wealth prior to disability acquisition is associated with a greater deterioration in mental health than for people with high wealth. We assess whether level of wealth prior to disability acquisition modifies this association using 12 waves of data (2001-2012) from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey--a population-based cohort study of working-age Australians. Eligible participants reported at least two consecutive waves of disability preceded by at least two consecutive waves without disability (1977 participants, 13,518 observations). Fixed-effects linear regression was conducted with a product term between wealth prior to disability (in tertiles) and disability acquisition with the mental health component score of the SF-36 as the outcome. In models adjusted for time-varying confounders, there was evidence of negative effect measure modification by prior wealth of the association between disability acquisition and mental health (interaction term for lowest wealth tertile: -2.2 points, 95% CI -3.1 points, -1.2, p<0.001); low wealth was associated with a greater decline in mental health following disability acquisition (-3.3 points, 95% CI -4.0, -2.5) than high wealth (-1.1 points, 95% CI -1.7, -0.5). The findings suggest that low wealth prior to disability acquisition in adulthood results in a greater deterioration in mental health than among those with high wealth.

  9. Mental Health Following Acquisition of Disability in Adulthood—The Impact of Wealth

    PubMed Central

    Kavanagh, Anne Marie; Aitken, Zoe; Krnjacki, Lauren; LaMontagne, Anthony Daniel; Bentley, Rebecca; Milner, Allison

    2015-01-01

    Background Acquisition of a disability in adulthood has been associated with a reduction in mental health. We tested the hypothesis that low wealth prior to disability acquisition is associated with a greater deterioration in mental health than for people with high wealth. Methods We assess whether level of wealth prior to disability acquisition modifies this association using 12 waves of data (2001–2012) from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey–a population-based cohort study of working-age Australians. Eligible participants reported at least two consecutive waves of disability preceded by at least two consecutive waves without disability (1977 participants, 13,518 observations). Fixed-effects linear regression was conducted with a product term between wealth prior to disability (in tertiles) and disability acquisition with the mental health component score of the SF–36 as the outcome. Results In models adjusted for time-varying confounders, there was evidence of negative effect measure modification by prior wealth of the association between disability acquisition and mental health (interaction term for lowest wealth tertile: -2.2 points, 95% CI -3.1 points, -1.2, p<0.001); low wealth was associated with a greater decline in mental health following disability acquisition (-3.3 points, 95% CI -4.0, -2.5) than high wealth (-1.1 points, 95% CI -1.7, -0.5). Conclusion The findings suggest that low wealth prior to disability acquisition in adulthood results in a greater deterioration in mental health than among those with high wealth. PMID:26444990

  10. Prevalence of mental illness, intellectual disability, and developmental disability among homeless people in Nagoya, Japan: A case series study.

    PubMed

    Nishio, Akihiro; Yamamoto, Mayumi; Ueki, Hirofumi; Watanabe, Takahiro; Matsuura, Kenshin; Tamura, Osamu; Uehara, Ryosuke; Shioiri, Toshiki

    2015-09-01

    While it has been reported that the prevalence of mental illness is higher in homeless people than in the national population, few studies have investigated the prevalence of intellectual and developmental disability among the homeless. In this study, we conducted a survey to comprehensively assess these mental problems among homeless people in Nagoya, Japan. The subjects were 18 homeless men. Mental illness was diagnosed with semi-structured interviews conducted by psychiatrists. We used the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III to diagnose intellectual disability. Discrepancies between Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III subtest scores were used as criteria for developmental disability. Eleven of the 18 participants were diagnosed with mental illness: six with mood disorder, two with psychotic disorder, and six with alcohol problems. The mean IQ of all subjects was 83.4 ± 27.4. The 95% confidence interval (CI) was 96.2-69.1. Seven participants were found to have intellectual disability. Three men showed discrepancies of more than 10 between subtest scores, and all of them were diagnosed with a mental illness. We divided the participants into four groups: those with mental illness only; those with intellectual disability only; those with both problems; and those without diagnosis. The men with intellectual disability only were significantly younger and had been homeless since a younger age than the other groups. Participants diagnosed with a mental illness had been homeless for longer than those without mental health problems. Although the sample size was limited, this study revealed the high prevalence of mental illness and intellectual disability, 61% (95%CI, 35-83%) and 39% (95%CI, 17-64%), respectively, in homeless people in Nagoya, Japan. © 2014 The Authors. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences © 2014 Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology.

  11. Job Counseling and Placement for the Use of Basic Skills. Volume 2: Jobs.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Munger, Sara J.; And Others

    Primary intended users of this second volume of a two-volume handbook are professional counselors and placement officers involved in expanding the range of jobs available to persons having only basic cognitive skills (e.g., mentally retarded, slow learners, learning disabled). Summary job requirements information is presented for more than 8,000…

  12. Understanding Sexuality: Unit 3. Parent Education Workbook for Mainstreamed Students. Part I: Relationships. Contemporary Parenting Choices. Module 4.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Iowa State Univ. of Science and Technology, Ames. Dept. of Home Economics Education.

    The 2-part student workbook for mainstreamed learning and mentally disabled high school students contains 12 units intended to provide supplementary instruction in the Contemporary Parenting Choices Curriculum in the home economics class. This unit, the third in the Relationships part of the workbook, focuses on understanding sexuality with…

  13. Facts about Texas Children. Excerpted from Children, Choice, and Change.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Harris, Lorwen Connie

    The environment in which Texas children grow up is crucial to their future and to the future of the state. Almost 500,000 Texas families were poor in 1985. Poverty sets the stage for numerous childhood maladies: infant mortality, health problems, child abuse, learning disabilities, malnutrition, and mental health problems. As poor children grow up…

  14. A Study of Relative Influence of Factors Underlying the Participation and Expectations of Minority Handicapped Adolescents in School Activities. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Grinder, Robert E.; And Others

    The effects of participation in school activities on personality development and school orientation of 470 handicapped (learning disabled, emotionally handicapped, and educable mentally retarded) adolescents was compared with 1,162 nonhandicapped students. Questionnaires were completed by 209 teacher-sponsors of school activities and 217 classroom…

  15. On Organizational Theory and Practice: Some Lessons Learned from the Severely Mentally "Disabled."

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sprowl, John Parrish

    Realizing that communications theory and research have little to do with organizational life, a communications scholar decided to become an organizational participant while still analyzing events and episodes in a scholarly way. In the spring of 1986, he joined the board of directors of Interface Precision Benchworks (IPB), a not-for-profit…

  16. Learning Disabilities in Children with Malignancies.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Moffitt, Karen

    As more children are now able to live with cancer and prepare for the future, care of the child with cancer should be directed at producing a child who is mentally healthy and who can function at an age-appropriate level in society. This presentation, given at the "Growth toward Independence" Conference in February 1987, notes the emotional,…

  17. A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Microcomputer and Workbook Instruction on Reading Comprehension Performance of High Incidence Handicapped Children.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Harper, Janice A.; Ewing, Norma J.

    1986-01-01

    This study compared the effectiveness of microcomputer and workbook instruction on silent reading comprehension performance of mild mentally retarded and learning disabled 11- to 13-year-olds. Effectiveness was measured by percentage of correct responses to reading comprehension questions and by observing subjects' attention to task behavior. (MBR)

  18. Selecting and Validating Tasks from a Kindergarten Screening Battery that Best Predict Third Grade Educational Placement

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Scott, Marcia Strong; Delgado, Christine F.; Tu, Shihfen; Fletcher, Kathryn L.

    2005-01-01

    In this study, predictive classification accuracy was used to select those tasks from a kindergarten screening battery that best identified children who, three years later, were classified as educable mentally handicapped or as having a specific learning disability. A subset of measures enabled correct classification of 91% of the children in…

  19. Educating Adolescents on the Effects of Crack Cocaine on Unborn Children.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gieche, Ann M.; Bhavnagri, Navaz P.

    Ten high-risk, special education adolescents were given an instructional program for five days in health education on crack cocaine and its effects on the fetus. Students included five with learning disabilities, three with emotional impairments, and two with educable mental impairments. All of the subjects live and attend school in a primarily…

  20. Physical Punishment, Mental Health and Sense of Coherence Among Parents of Children with Intellectual Disability in Japan.

    PubMed

    Kimura, Miyako; Yamazaki, Yoshihiko

    2016-09-01

    Although sense of coherence (SOC) moderates parental stress, the relationship between SOC, parental mental health and physical punishment of children with intellectual disabilities remains uncertain. The present authors describe parental physical punishment towards children with intellectual disabilities and investigate its related demographic characteristics, SOC and parental mental health. With the cooperation of Tokyo's 10 special needs schools, the present authors obtained 648 questionnaire responses from parents of children with intellectual disabilities. Of the parents, 69.7% reported having physically punished their children with intellectual disabilities. This was positively associated with parents' younger age, poorer mental health, lower SOC, children's younger age, birth order (firstborns) and disability type (autism/pervasive developmental disorder). This is the first study supporting the relationship between SOC, mental health and physical punishment use among parents of children with intellectual disabilities. It may assist the development of strategies to prevent physical abuse of children with disabilities. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  1. The cost of mental and physical health disability in childhood and adolescence to families in the UK: findings from a repeated cross-sectional survey using propensity score matching

    PubMed Central

    Melnychuk, Mariya; Morris, Stephen

    2018-01-01

    Objective In the UK, families of disabled children are entitled to receive disability benefits to help meet costs associated with caring for their child. Evidence of actual costs incurred is scant, especially for mental health disability. In this study, we aimed to quantify the cost of mental and physical health disability in childhood and adolescence to families in the UK using the concept of compensating variation (CV). Design Repeated cross-sectional survey. Setting The UK general population Participants 85 212 children drawn from 8 waves of the Family Resources Survey. Outcomes Using propensity score matching we matched families with a disabled child to similar families without a disabled child and calculated the extra income the former require to achieve the same living standards as the latter, that is, their CV. We calculated the additional costs specifically associated with several definitions of mental health and physical health disability. Results Families of a child with any mental health disability, regardless of the presence of physical health comorbidity, needed an additional £49.31 (95% CI: 21.95 to 76.67) and, for more severe disabilities, an additional £57.56 (95% CI: 17.69 to 97.44) per week to achieve the same living standards of families without a disabled child. This difference was greater for more deprived families, who needed between £59.28 (95% CI: 41.38 to 77.18) and £81.26 (95% CI: 53.35 to 109.38) more per week depending on the extent of mental health disability. Families of children with physical health disabilities, with or without mental health disabilities, required an additional £35.86 (95% CI: 13.77 to 57.96) per week, with economically deprived families requiring an extra £42.18 (95% CI: 26.38 to 57.97) per week. Conclusions Mental and physical health disabilities among children and adolescents were associated with high additional costs for the family, especially for those from deprived economic backgrounds. Means testing could help achieve a more equitable redistribution of disability benefit. PMID:29391378

  2. 29 CFR 525.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... mental disability, including those relating to age or injury, for the work to be performed. Disabilities which may affect earning or productive capacity include blindness, mental illness, mental retardation... employment relationship arises whenever an individual, including an individual with a disability, is suffered...

  3. 29 CFR 525.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... mental disability, including those relating to age or injury, for the work to be performed. Disabilities which may affect earning or productive capacity include blindness, mental illness, mental retardation... employment relationship arises whenever an individual, including an individual with a disability, is suffered...

  4. 29 CFR 525.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... mental disability, including those relating to age or injury, for the work to be performed. Disabilities which may affect earning or productive capacity include blindness, mental illness, mental retardation... employment relationship arises whenever an individual, including an individual with a disability, is suffered...

  5. 29 CFR 525.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... mental disability, including those relating to age or injury, for the work to be performed. Disabilities which may affect earning or productive capacity include blindness, mental illness, mental retardation... employment relationship arises whenever an individual, including an individual with a disability, is suffered...

  6. The career success of an adult with a learning disability: a psychosocial study of amnesic-semantic aphasia.

    PubMed

    Kershner, J; Kirkpatrick, T; McLaren, D

    1995-02-01

    B.I. is a 39-year-old, intellectually gifted (IQ = 130) man with learning disabilities who, without known cause, demonstrated symptoms of amnesic-semantic aphasia at age 13. This led to placement in a public school class for students with mild mental retardation and to his dropping out of school after repeating Grade 9. His aphasia is associated with a severe deficit in speech comprehension, poor reading and writing, spatial confusion, and episodic memory loss. We studied the remarkable behavioral and cognitive adjustments that have enabled him to lead a fulfilling life and become a highly successful business executive. Implications are discussed in the context of patterns of successful functioning and current views of the neuropsychological and neurological bases of such disorders.

  7. Impact of Having a Mentally Disabled Child in the Family on the Oral Health of the Healthy Sibling: A Comparative Study.

    PubMed

    Chauhan, Astha; Nagarajappa, Sandesh; Dasar, Pralhad L; Mishra, Prashant

    To determine and compare oral health status, knowledge and attitude among siblings of mentally disabled with siblings of normal healthy children. 240 study subjects consisting of 120 each of siblings of mentally disabled and normal, healthy children (control group) matched for age and gender were selected by convenience sampling. Oral health was assessed using the WHO-1997 proforma. A pretested questionnaire (30 items) was used for oral health knowledge and attitude assessment. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-squared and Mann-Whitney tests. Caries prevalence among the siblings of mentally disabled and control group was 82% (mean DMFT 1.68 ± 1.18) and 45% (mean DMFT 0.58 ± 0.72), respectively (p < 0.05). The siblings of mentally disabled children also showed good oral health knowledge (mean 7.1 ± 1.4) and a positive attitude (p < 0.05). Siblings of mentally disabled children showed higher caries experience. Knowledge and attitude towards oral health was comparatively good among siblings of mentally disabled children. They exhibited favourable attitudes and involvement in helping their sibling to maintain oral health.

  8. Fetishistic Transvestism in a Patient with Mental Retardation and Psychosis

    PubMed Central

    Velayudhan, Rajmohan; Khaleel, Asfia; Sankar, Nideesh; Kumar, Manoj; Kazhungil, Firoz; Raghuram, Thazhe Mangool

    2014-01-01

    Fetishistic transvestism is a disorder of sexual preference associated with fantasies and sexual urges to dress in opposite gender clothing as a means of arousal and as an adjunct to masturbation and coitus. The disorder has been reported in people with learning disabilities. The disorder has been reported in a young male with dull normal intelligence. Transvestism though has been described in schizophrenia and psychosis and fetishism has been described in the course of simple schizophrenia, there are no reports of fetishistic transvestism in a patient with mental retardation and psychosis. A case of fetishistic transvestism in a patient with mental retardation and psychosis with treatment and relevant review of literature is reported. PMID:24860226

  9. Fetishistic transvestism in a patient with mental retardation and psychosis.

    PubMed

    Velayudhan, Rajmohan; Khaleel, Asfia; Sankar, Nideesh; Kumar, Manoj; Kazhungil, Firoz; Raghuram, Thazhe Mangool

    2014-04-01

    Fetishistic transvestism is a disorder of sexual preference associated with fantasies and sexual urges to dress in opposite gender clothing as a means of arousal and as an adjunct to masturbation and coitus. The disorder has been reported in people with learning disabilities. The disorder has been reported in a young male with dull normal intelligence. Transvestism though has been described in schizophrenia and psychosis and fetishism has been described in the course of simple schizophrenia, there are no reports of fetishistic transvestism in a patient with mental retardation and psychosis. A case of fetishistic transvestism in a patient with mental retardation and psychosis with treatment and relevant review of literature is reported.

  10. Mental health and professional help-seeking among college students with disabilities.

    PubMed

    Coduti, Wendy A; Hayes, Jeffrey A; Locke, Benjamin D; Youn, Soo Jeong

    2016-08-01

    Research has demonstrated that providing appropriate supports and services on campus can improve both mental health and academic outcomes for students with disabilities (Emerson, Honey, Madden, & Llewellyn, 2009; Stumbo, Martin, & Hedrick, 2009), but little is known about the specific mental health needs of this population. The purpose of this exploratory study, therefore, was to identify the mental health needs of college students with various types of disabilities. Researchers analyzed data, collected by the Center for Collegiate Mental Health, of 5,696 students with, and without, disabilities who utilized counseling services on campuses in the 2013-14 academic year. A nonclinical (students not in counseling) sample of 1,620 students with, and without, disabilities was also explored. Compared to students without disabilities, students with disabilities report more anxiety and academic-related distress, as well as higher rates of suicide ideation, suicide attempts, and nonsuicidal self-injury among both students in counseling and not in counseling. Although in certain areas students with disabilities show similar levels of distress as students without disabilities, students with disabilities have higher levels of distress in areas which could impact their academic success. Self-harming tendencies are higher for students with disabilities overall, but more so for specific disability types. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

  11. 20 CFR 416.995 - If we make a determination that your physical or mental impairment(s) has ceased, did not exist...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Determining Disability and Blindness Continuing Or Stopping Disability Or Blindness § 416.995 If we make a determination that your physical or mental impairment(s) has... determination that the physical or mental impairment(s) on the basis of which disability or blindness benefits...

  12. Risk and Resilience Factors in the Mental Health and Well-Being of Women with Intellectual Disability

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Conder, Jennifer Ann; Mirfin-Veitch, Brigit Frances; Gates, Sue

    2015-01-01

    Background: Women with intellectual disability are thought to be at increased risk of mental illness, yet little is known about resiliency factors supporting women's mental health. This article reports on such factors drawn from a study that aimed to address how women with intellectual disability experience their mental health and well-being.…

  13. The Impact of Comorbidity of Mental and Physical Conditions on Role Disability in the US Adult Household Population

    PubMed Central

    Merikangas, Kathleen R.; Ames, Minnie; Cui, Lihong; Stang, Paul E.; Ustun, T. Bedirhan; Von Korff, Michael; Kessler, Ronald C.

    2007-01-01

    Context There is limited information that accounts for comorbidity on the impact of role disability associated with a wide range of mental and physical disorders in population-based samples. Objective To estimate the comparative effects of common mental and physical conditions on role disability in the general population using a novel method that accounts for comorbidity. Design Direct interviews about physical and mental conditions during the past year. Setting The National Comorbidity Survey Replication, a nationally representative series of face-to-face interviews. Patients A nationally representative sample of adults living in households (N=5962 respondents, 18 years and older). Main Outcome Measure Disability in major life roles was assessed with the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule. Simulations that allow for complex interactions among conditions were used to estimate the conditions’ effects on disability days, when respondents were completely unable to carry out their usual daily activities because of problems with mental or physical health, in the past 12 months. Results An estimated 53.4 % of US adults have 1 or more of the mental or physical conditions assessed in the survey. These respondents report an average 32.1 more role-disability days in the past year than demographically matched controls, equivalent to nearly 3.6 billion days of role disability in the population. Musculoskeletal disorders and major depression had the greatest effects on disability days. Mental conditions accounted for more than half as many disability days as all physical conditions at the population level. Associations of specific conditions with disability decreased substantially after controlling for comorbidity, suggesting that prior studies, which generally did not control for comorbidity, overestimated disease-specific effects. Conclusion The staggering amount of health-related disability associated with mental and physical conditions should be considered in establishing priorities for the allocation of health care and research resources. PMID:17909130

  14. Implications of Recovering for Mental Health Systems and Programs.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Spaniol, LeRoy

    This presentation outlines the implications of psychiatric disability recovery for mental health systems and programs. Schizophrenia and other serious psychiatric disabilities have been viewed as irreversible illnesses with increasing disability over time. Mental health program planning, policies, and practices have been developed and implemented…

  15. Pattern of disabilities in a residential school for the handicapped in Ilorin, Nigeria.

    PubMed

    Ologe, F E; Akande, T M

    2003-12-01

    As part of a wider study aimed at establishing baseline information (for planning purposes), the pattern of disabilities in a Residential School for the handicap was determined. Information on demographic data, nature of handicap, age of enrollment, present class and length of stay in the school were obtained. The study involved 82 pupils (28 females) aged 5-30 years (mean 16.9 + 5.08 years). Seventy nine percent (65) were deaf, 13.6%(11) blind and 6.2% (5) had mental retardation. The mean age of enrollment was 10.6 + 4.12 years. Only two (2.5%) of the pupils/students stayed in the school beyond the regulation time. These findings show that deafness was the commonest disability and strongly suggest that none of the disabilities observed had major impact on learning ability in this school system.

  16. Social Security and Disability Due to Mental Impairment in Adults.

    PubMed

    Goldman, Howard H; Frey, William D; Riley, Jarnee K

    2018-05-07

    The Social Security Administration (SSA) oversees two disability programs, Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI). Adults with mental impairments represent a very large component of the programs. Policy makers and SSA are concerned about the accuracy of disability determination and also about low levels of labor force participation among individuals with disabilities. Adults with mental impairments are challenging to assess for work-related functional limitations. They are also a challenge to return to labor force participation. SSA has sponsored several demonstration research programs focusing on improving the accuracy of disability determination and on interventions in supported employment to return individuals with mental impairments to competitive employment. This article reviews the demonstration research focused on both entry into the disability system (at the "front door") and potential exit from it (through the "back door"). All of the research holds promise to "right-size" the SSA disability program.

  17. Evaluation of the Academic Occupational Program of the County of Leduc, From September, 1981 to June, 1984. Executive Summary.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Nyberg, V. R.

    The paper reports results of an academic occupational program intended for educable mentally handicapped and learning disabled secondary students in Leduc, Alberta. An introduction reviews history of the program and the evaluation process. The evaluation plan, based on R. Stake's model for program evaluation, is described, and sources of data…

  18. A Halifax Case Study that Offers an Alternative History of Care Provided by Local Authorities under the 1913 Mental Deficiency Act

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dale, Pamela

    2014-01-01

    Institutions, and their problems, have traditionally dominated learning disability histories. We know far more about what happened in areas where councils established and/or enthusiastically used local institutions than other places. Local authorities less committed to institutional care must have relied more on family and other carers. This may…

  19. A Case of Partial Trisomy of Chromosome 8p Associated with Autism

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Papanikolaou, Katerina; Paliokosta, Elena; Gyftodimou, Jolanda; Kolaitis, Gerassimos; Vgenopoulou, Sofia; Sarri, Catherine; Tsiantis, John

    2006-01-01

    We report on a case of a 6-year-old female with partial trisomy 8p(21-23) associated with autism, mild dysmorphic features, and moderate learning disability. Although mental retardation is a common finding in patients with mosaic trisomy 8 or partial trisomy of various regions of chromosome 8, only two cases associated with autism have been…

  20. Harrison Educational Research and Development Center. End of Project Period Evaluation Report ESEA, Title III. FY 1971-1972.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Harrison Educational Research and Development Center, AR.

    Evaluated is a 2 year project in Harrison School District 1, Arkansas, funded through Title III, to develop academic and/music based instructional materials in two resource rooms for learning disabled (LD), educationally disadvantaged, and mentally retarded children; and to integrate art and music with social studies in grades 1 through 6.…

  1. Understanding Life Styles: Unit 4. Parent Education Workbook for Mainstreamed Students. Part I: Relationships. Contemporary Parenting Choices. Module 4.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Iowa State Univ. of Science and Technology, Ames. Dept. of Home Economics Education.

    The 2-part student workbook for mainstreamed learning and mentally disabled high school students contains 12 units intended to provide supplementary instruction in the Contemporary Parenting Choices Curriculum in the home economics class. This unit, the fourth in the Relationships part of the workbook, focuses on understanding the married and…

  2. Projets Pilotes Quebecois Portant sur L'Integration Scolaire aux Niveaux Pre-Scolaire et Primaire (Quebec Pilot Projects on Mainstreaming of Preschool and Primary-Level Schoolchildren).

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Saint-Laurent, Lise; And Others

    1992-01-01

    This article synthesizes 55 Quebec (Canada) pilot projects on mainstreaming of pupils with learning disabilities, behavior disorders, physical or sensorial handicaps, or mental handicaps, at preschool and elementary levels. It focuses on extent of integration, interventions, training and support for teachers, and evaluation methodology used.…

  3. Understanding Pregnancy: Unit 7. Parent Education Workbook for Mainstreamed Students. Part II: Child Care. Contemporary Parenting Choices. Module 4.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Iowa State Univ. of Science and Technology, Ames. Dept. of Home Economics Education.

    The 2-part student workbook for mainstreamed learning and mentally disabled high school students contains 12 units intended to provide supplementary instruction in the Contemporary Parenting Choices Curriculum in the home economics class. This unit, the first in the Child Care part of the workbook, focuses on understanding pregnancy and includes…

  4. [Application of WAIS-RC short forms and adult intelligence disability scale in mental impairment assessment].

    PubMed

    Pang, Yan-Xia; Zhang, Jian; Yang, Cheng-Long; Cang, Yong; Wang, Xue-Ling

    2011-06-01

    Study on the application of WAIS-RC short forms and adult intelligence disability scale in mental impairment assessment. Mental impairment assessment cases between July 2009 and March 2011 in judicial appraisal institute of Taizhou University were collected. Assessment results obtained with the WAIS-RC short forms and adult intelligence disability scale were compared with the experts assessing conclusions and analyzed using SPSS 11.5 software. Assessment results with the two scales did not fully comply with the expert's conclusions, with reliability coefficient were 0.785 and 0.940 respectively, correlation coefficient were 0.850 and 0.922 respectively. The intelligence assessment was influenced by many factors. When the appraised individuals had nerve dysfunction and mild intelligence disability or mental disorders, the two scales should be used together. When the appraised individuals had moderate intelligence disability or mental disorders, adult intelligence disability scale had advantage.

  5. Health resource utilization varies by comorbidities in children with epilepsy.

    PubMed

    Puka, Klajdi; Smith, Mary Lou; Moineddin, Rahim; Snead, O Carter; Widjaja, Elysa

    2016-04-01

    Comorbidities in adults with epilepsy have been shown to significantly increase health resource utilization (HRU). The current study aimed to determine whether a similar association exists among children with epilepsy in a universal health insurance system. Health administrative databases in Ontario, Canada were used to evaluate the frequency of neurologist visits, emergency department (ED) visits, and hospitalizations. We evaluated the association between HRU and comorbidities, including depression, anxiety, learning disability, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), adjusting for age, sex, residence, and socio-economic status. The frequency of neurology visits was increased by comorbid depression, ASD, and learning disability (adjusted relative risk [aRR]=1.29-2.07; p<.01). The frequency of ED visits was increased by all comorbidities (aRR=1.26-2.83; p<.0001). The frequency of hospitalizations was increased by comorbid depression, anxiety, ASD, and learning disability (aRR=1.77-7.20; p<.0001). Learning disability had the largest impact on HRU. For each additional comorbidity, the frequency of neurology visits, ED visits, and hospitalizations increased by 1.64 to 3.16 times (p<.0001). Among children with epilepsy, mental health and developmental comorbidities were associated with increased HRU, and different comorbidities influenced different types of HRU. In addition, we highlight the importance of identifying and managing these comorbidities, as they increased the risks of costly HRU such as ED visits and hospitalizations. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  6. [Representations of Mental Disorders and Employment Fit Perceived by Employers of the Regular Labour Market in France].

    PubMed

    Laberon, Sonia; Scordato, Nadia; Corbière, Marc

    Introduction People with mental disorders face stigma and discriminatory hiring practices in the competitive labour market. This study on employers' representations of mental disorders provides knowledge regarding the specifics of their negative perceptions for this population, which appears to be an important barrier to their inclusion in the workplace. Heilman's lack of fit model (1983) enabled to show that recruiters seek to match the characteristics they perceive in candidates with those they deem necessary to succeed in the organization. A lack of fit between the two components-candidates and the selection criteria-would explain the non-selection of the applicant. This psychological process can be applied to the recruitment of people with psychiatric disabilities.Objectives The goal of this study was to identify employers' representations towards mental disorder in general and in the workplace particularly, as well as to determine the prerequisites for hiring this population. As such, this would allow to better understand the psychological processes involved in the exclusion of people with psychiatric disabilities.Method In a qualitative study, 29 semi-structured interviews were conducted with employers and HR Department representatives of organizations in France that were under the French legal obligation to hire people with a disability (organizations having more than 20 employees). We used the free association technique to identify representational contents concerning mental disorder. Qualitative data on the essential prerequisites for recruitment were collected through open-ended questions. The data were processed by a categorical content analysis conducted independently by three researchers. The structure of the representation was identified by distinguishing the components of the central nucleus from those of the peripheral nucleus according to the two criteria of the method of Moliner (1994): the index of popularity of each element and the co-occurrence between each element of the representation.Results Results revealed negative representations of people with mental disorders, focusing on social deviance and harm to society, believing that people with mental disorders would have non-standard skills and behaviours and would be socially disruptive and burdensome, particularly in the workplace. The analysis of the prerequisites for hiring persons with psychiatric disabilities showed how these representations towards mental disorders are barriers for their recruitment, mainly linked to a perceived lack of employment fit.Conclusion Future avenues of research and actions are suggested. They are as follows: learning, education on mental disorders, training and specific techniques to reduce organizational stakeholders' stereotypes and prejudice. Also, supporting stakeholders for the inclusion of people with mental disorders in the workplace appears fundamental, especially by improving recruitment and integration practises.

  7. Developing and feasibility testing of data collection methods for an economic evaluation of a supported selfmanagement programme for adults with a learning disability and type 2 diabetes.

    PubMed

    O'Dwyer, John L; Russell, Amy M; Bryant, Louise D; Walwyn, Rebecca E A; Wright-Hughes, Alexandra M; Graham, Elizabeth H; Wright, Judy M; Meer, Shaista; Birtwistle, Jacqueline; Farrin, Amanda J; House, Allan O; Hulme, Claire T

    2018-01-01

    The challenges of conducting research with hard to reach vulnerable groups are particularly pertinent for people with learning disabilities. Data collection methods for previous cost and cost-effectiveness analyses of health and social care interventions targeting people with learning disabilities have relied on health care/health insurance records or data collection forms completed by the service provider rather than by people with learning disabilities themselves. This paper reports on the development and testing of data collection methods for an economic evaluation within a randomised controlled trial (RCT) for a supported self-management programme for people with mild/moderate learning disabilities and type 2 diabetes. A case finding study was conducted to identify types of health and social care use and data collection methods employed in previous studies with this population. Based on this evidence, resource use questionnaires for completion by GP staff and interviewer-administered participant questionnaires (covering a wider cost perspective and health-related quality of life) were tested within a feasibility RCT. Interviewer-administered questionnaires included the EQ-5D-3L (the NICE recommended measure for use in economic evaluation). Participants were adults > 18 years with a mild or moderate learning disability and type 2 diabetes, with mental capacity to give consent to research participation. Data collection for questionnaires completed by GP staff requesting data for the last 12 months proved time intensive and difficult. Whilst 82.3% (121/147) of questionnaires were returned, up to 17% of service use items were recorded as unknown. Subsequently, a shorter recall period (4 months) led to a higher return rate but with a higher rate of missing data. Missing data for interviewer-administered participant questionnaires was > 8% but the interviewers reported difficulty with participant recall. Almost 60% (48/80) of participants had difficulty completing the EQ-5D-3L. Further investigation as to how service use can be recorded is recommended. Concerns about the reliability of identifying service use data directly from participants with a learning disability due to challenges in completion, specifically around recall, remain. The degree of difficulty to complete EQ-5D-3L indicates concerns regarding the appropriateness of using this measure in its current form in research with this population. Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN41897033 (registered 21 January 2013).

  8. The relationship between physical ill-health and mental ill-health in adults with intellectual disabilities.

    PubMed

    Dunham, A; Kinnear, D; Allan, L; Smiley, E; Cooper, S-A

    2018-05-01

    People with intellectual disabilities face a much greater burden and earlier onset of physical and mental ill-health than the general adult population. Physical-mental comorbidity has been shown to result in poorer outcomes in the general population, but little is known about this relationship in adults with intellectual disabilities. To identify whether physical ill-health is associated with mental ill-health in adults with intellectual disabilities and whether the extent of physical multi-morbidity can predict the likelihood of mental ill-health. To identify any associations between types of physical ill-health and mental ill-health. A total of 1023 adults with intellectual disabilities underwent comprehensive health assessments. Binary logistic regressions were undertaken to establish any association between the independent variables: total number of physical health conditions, physical conditions by International Classification of Disease-10 chapter and specific physical health conditions; and the dependent variables: problem behaviours, mental disorders of any type. All regressions were adjusted for age, gender, level of intellectual disabilities, living arrangements, neighbourhood deprivation and Down syndrome. The extent of physical multi-morbidity was not associated with mental ill-health in adults with intellectual disabilities as only 0.8% of the sample had no physical conditions. Endocrine disease increased the risk of problem behaviours [odds ratio (OR): 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.47], respiratory disease reduced the risk of problem behaviours (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.54-0.99) and mental ill-health of any type (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.58-0.92), and musculoskeletal disease reduced the risk of mental ill-health of any type (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.73-0.98). Ischaemic heart disease increased the risk of problem behaviours approximately threefold (OR: 3.29, 95% CI: 1.02-10.60). The extent of physical multi-morbidity in the population with intellectual disabilities is overwhelming, such that associations are not found with mental ill-health. Mental health interventions and preventative measures are essential for the entire population with intellectual disabilities and should not be focussed on subgroups based on overall health burden. © 2018 MENCAP and International Association of the Scientific Study of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  9. Does disability status modify the association between psychosocial job quality and mental health? A longitudinal fixed-effects analysis.

    PubMed

    Milner, A; Krnjacki, L; Butterworth, P; Kavanagh, A; LaMontagne, Anthony D

    2015-11-01

    People with disabilities have difficulties in obtaining work. However, evidence suggests that those with disabilities derive substantial mental health benefits from employment. This paper assesses how the relationship between work and mental health is influenced by psychosocial job quality for people working with a disability. The study design was a longitudinal cohort with 13 annual waves of data collection, yielding a sample of 122,883 observations from 21,848 people. Fixed-effects within-person regression was used to control for time invariant confounding. The Mental Component Summary (MCS) of the Short Form 36 (SF-36) measure was used as the primary outcome measure. The main exposure was a six-category measure of psychosocial job quality and employment status (including 'not in the labour force' [NILF] and unemployment). Disability status ('no waves of disability reported' and 'all contributed waves with reported disability') was assessed as an effect modifier. We also conducted a secondary analysis on respondents contributing both disability and non-disability waves. For those with no disability, the greatest difference in mental health (compared to optimal employment) occurs when people have the poorest quality jobs (-2.12, 95% CI -2.48, -1.75, p < 0.001). The relative difference in mental health was less in relation to NILF and unemployment (-0.39 and -0.66 respectively). For those with consistent disability, the difference in mental health when employed in an optimal job was similar between the poorest quality jobs (-2.25, 95% CI -3.84, -0.65, p = 0.006), NILF (-2.84, 95% CI -4.49, -1.20, p = 0.001) or unemployment (-2.56, 95% CI -4.32, -0.80, p = 0.004). These results were confirmed by the secondary analysis. Efforts to improve psychosocial job quality may have significant mental health benefits for people with disabilities. This will contribute to the economic viability of disability employment insurance schemes in Australia and other high-income countries. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  10. Evaluation of a clinical needs assessment and exploration of the associated supports for students with a disability in clinical practice: part 2.

    PubMed

    Howlin, Frances; Halligan, Phil; O'Toole, Sinead

    2014-09-01

    Engagement and successful completion of nursing and midwifery programmes may be predicated on the identification and implementation of reasonable accommodations to facilitate clinical learning for students with a disability. This qualitative study aims to evaluate a clinical needs assessment for students with a disability and explore their experiences of support in clinical practice. A purposive sample of year one undergraduate students was used. Four students consented to participate and undertook an individual interview. Their disabilities were categorised as specific learning disability (dyslexia) (n = 3) and mental health (n = 1). Data analysis revealed two main themes 'students' experiences of disclosure' and 'receiving support'. Findings revealed that all students disclosed on placement, however, the extent of disclosure was influenced by personal and environmental factors. Students used the clinical needs assessment to highlight accommodations to clinical staff on placement. Issues of concern that arose, included communication between all key stakeholders, negative staff attitudes and the need to improve the provision of accommodations. This preliminary evaluation indicates that the Clinical Needs Assessment bridges the gap in provision of student support between higher education and healthcare institutions. Findings suggest that competence based needs assessments can identify individualised reasonable accommodations for students undertaking clinical placements. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  11. Patterns of Awareness in Children's Understanding of Disabilities.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Conant, Susan; Budoff, Milton

    1983-01-01

    Nondisabled children and adults (n=103) were interviewed about their conceptions of blindness, deafness, orthopedic disabilities, mental retardation, and psychological disturbance. In the Guttman scalogram analyses, psychological disturbance was the "most difficult" disability, then mental retardation, then orthopedic disabilities, then…

  12. 29 CFR 525.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... mental disability, including those relating to age or injury, for the work to be performed. Disabilities which may affect earning or productive capacity include blindness, mental illness, mental retardation...

  13. The implementation of the Care Programme Approach for service users with a learning disability. Building Bridges to the same Old Horizons?

    PubMed

    Kelly, M

    2017-08-01

    WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: People with mental health problems and learning disabilities often do not receive the care they require. The Care Programme Approach (CPA) is meant to help with this. However, there have been many problems in the past with the introduction of the CPA into mental health services. There is no literature which explores what factors help or hinder the introduction of the CPA for service users with a mental health and learning disability, especially from the perspective of those responsible for overseeing this process. WHAT DOES THIS ARTICLE ADD TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: The implementation of the CPA for this service user group is fragmented, and services are not working together in partnership. The CPA is being effectively implemented for people who are deemed to present with a risk to themselves or others. If a service user does not present with a high risk, they are not provided care through the CPA. Service users were not involved in the development or introduction of the policy in practice. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Services need to work better at engaging service users when they are developing and introducing new policies. Rather than applying the CPA for all service users, across all services, it should only be considered for those deemed to present with a high risk. It is effectively implemented for these people. For those not deemed to present with a high risk, services should consider using alternative service user led care planning frameworks. Introduction The Care Programme Approach was introduced in England to ensure services met the needs of people with mental health problems and a concurrent learning disability (dual diagnosis). The CPA implementation was patchy and services failed to work in partnership. Aim This study aimed to explore the factors shaping the recent implementation of the CPA for service users with a dual diagnosis. Method A single case study approach was undertaken. Data were collected through interview (n = 26), documentary analysis (n = 64), steering group observation (n = 3) and the Partnership Assessment Tool (n = 26). Data were analysed using the Framework Approach. Results The CPA was only effectively implemented for people who were deemed to present with a high level of risk. Discussion The problems associated with implementation in the 1990s continue more recently for those with a dual diagnosis. The CPA has become more aligned with risk management protocols than supporting individual service user's recovery. Implications for practice Service users should be involved in the implementation of policies which have an impact on their recovery. The CPA should only be applied for those who present with high-risk issues, whilst alternative user-led initiatives should be considered for other service users. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  14. The Impact of Exercise Training on Living Quality in Multiple Sclerosis Individuals

    ClinicalTrials.gov

    2017-08-27

    Multiple Sclerosis; Fatigue; Mental Status Change; Physical Disability; Physical Activity; Mental Impairment; Quality of Life; Disabilities Psychological; Disability Physical; Pain; Energy Supply; Deficiency; Motivation

  15. Stigma of mental and physical illness and the use of mobile technology.

    PubMed

    Kowalski, Robin Marie; Morgan, Megan; Taylor, Katlyn

    2017-01-01

    Research has shown the stigma attached to mental disabilities, yet little research has directly compared the experiences of people with physical disabilities and those with mental disabilities. Not only are both conditions likely perceived as stigmatizing, but the pervasive use of mobile technology may be one means by which people with disabilities can manage and understand their disability. Four hundred and eighty-seven individuals with physical and/or psychological disabilities completed a survey examining whether they would be willing to use mobile technology to manage their disability and how stigmatizing they perceived their disability to be. Willingness to use mobile technology was related to the age of the sample as well as the type of disability. Individuals with psychological disabilities were more likely to use certain forms of mobile technology relative to those with physical disabilities. Observed differences between physical and psychological disabilities are discussed in terms of the symbolic interaction stigma model.

  16. Mental Health and Students with Disabilities: A Review of Literature

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McMillan, Julie M.; Jarvis, Jane M.

    2013-01-01

    Students with disabilities are at increased risk of experiencing mental health difficulties, but may not be recognised as an at-risk population in the design of school-based prevention and intervention efforts. Understanding the link between disability and mental health is important for school psychologists and guidance counsellors, teachers, and…

  17. 42 CFR 483.112 - Preadmission screening of applicants for admission to NFs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... NF services. For each NF applicant with MI or IID, the State mental health or intellectual disability... is determined to require a NF level of care, the State mental health or intellectual disability... part, to the State mental health or intellectual disability authority for screening. (See § 483.128(a...

  18. 42 CFR 483.112 - Preadmission screening of applicants for admission to NFs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... NF services. For each NF applicant with MI or MR, the State mental health or intellectual disability... is determined to require a NF level of care, the State mental health or intellectual disability... part, to the State mental health or intellectual disability authority for screening. (See § 483.128(a...

  19. Common mental disorders and subsequent work disability: a population-based Health 2000 Study.

    PubMed

    Ahola, Kirsi; Virtanen, Marianna; Honkonen, Teija; Isometsä, Erkki; Aromaa, Arpo; Lönnqvist, Jouko

    2011-11-01

    Work disability due to common mental disorders has increased in Western countries during the past decade. The contribution of depressive, anxiety, and alcohol use disorders to all disability pensions at the population level is not known. Epidemiological health data from the Finnish Health 2000 Study, gathered in 2000-2001, was linked to the national register on disability pensions granted due to the ICD-10 diagnoses up to December 2007. Mental health at baseline was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Sociodemographic, clinical, and work-related factors, health behaviors, and treatment setting were used as covariates in the logistic regression analyses among the 3164 participants aged 30-58 years. Anxiety, depressive, and comorbid common mental disorders predicted disability pension when adjusted for sex and age. In the fully adjusted multivariate model, comorbid common mental disorders, as well as physical illnesses, age over 45 years, short education, high job strain, and previous long-term sickness absence predicted disability pension. The study population included persons aged 30 or over. Sub groups according to mental disorders were quite small which may have diminished statistical power in some sub groups. Baseline predictors were measured only once and the length of exposure could not be determined. The systems regarding financial compensation to employees differ between countries. Comorbid mental disorders pose a high risk for disability pension. Other independent predictors of work disability include socio-demographic, clinical, work-related, and treatment factors, but not health behavior. More attention should be paid to work-related factors in order to prevent chronic work disability. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  20. Intellectual developmental disorders: towards a new name, definition and framework for “mental retardation/intellectual disability” in ICD-11

    PubMed Central

    CARULLA, LUIS SALVADOR; REED, GEOFFREY M.; VAEZ-AZIZI, LEILA M.; COOPER, SALLY-ANN; LEAL, RAFAEL MARTINEZ; BERTELLI, MARCO; ADNAMS, COLLEEN; COORAY, SHERVA; DEB, SHOUMITRO; DIRANI, LEYLA AKOURY; GIRIMAJI, SATISH CHANDRA; KATZ, GREGORIO; KWOK, HENRY; LUCKASSON, RUTH; SIMEONSSON, RUNE; WALSH, CAROLYN; MUNIR, KEMIR; SAXENA, SHEKHAR

    2011-01-01

    Although “intellectual disability” has widely replaced the term “mental retardation”, the debate as to whether this entity should be conceptualized as a health condition or as a disability has intensified as the revision of the World Health Organization (WHO)’s International Classification of Diseases (ICD) advances. Defining intellectual disability as a health condition is central to retaining it in ICD, with significant implications for health policy and access to health services. This paper presents the consensus reached to date by the WHO ICD Working Group on the Classification of Intellectual Disabilities. Literature reviews were conducted and a mixed qualitative approach was followed in a series of meetings to produce consensus-based recommendations combining prior expert knowledge and available evidence. The Working Group proposes replacing mental retardation with intellectual developmental disorders, defined as “a group of developmental conditions characterized by significant impairment of cognitive functions, which are associated with limitations of learning, adaptive behaviour and skills”. The Working Group further advises that intellectual developmental disorders be incorporated in the larger grouping (parent category) of neurodevelopmental disorders, that current subcategories based on clinical severity (i.e., mild, moderate, severe, profound) be continued, and that problem behaviours be removed from the core classification structure of intellectual developmental disorders and instead described as associated features. PMID:21991267

  1. The rights of persons with Disability Bill, 2014: How “enabling” is it for persons with mental illness?

    PubMed Central

    Rao, Gundugurti Prasad; Ramya, Vemulokonda Sri; Bada, Math Suresh

    2016-01-01

    India ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Person with Disabilities (UNCRPD) in 2007. This is a welcome step towards realizing the rights of the persons with disability. The UNCRPD proclaims that disability results from interaction of impairments with attitudinal and environmental barriers which hinders full and active participation in society on an equal basis with others. Further, the convention also mandates the signatory governments to change their local laws, to identify and eliminate obstacles and barriers and to comply with the terms of the UNCRPD in order to protect the rights of the person with disabilities, hence the amendments of the national laws. Hence, the Government of India drafted two important bill the Right of Persons with Disabilities Bill, 2014 (RPWD Bill, 2014) and Mental Health Care Bill, 2013 (MHC Bill, 2013). There is no doubt that persons with mental illness are stigmatized and discriminated across the civil societies, which hinders full and active participation in society. This situation becomes worse with regard to providing mental health care, rehabilitation and social welfare measures to persons with mental illness. There is an urgent need to address this issue of attitudinal barrier so that the rights of persons with mental illness is upheld. Hence, this article discusses shortcomings in the Right of Persons with Disabilities Bill, 2014 (RPWD Bill, 2014) from the perspective of persons with mental illness. Further, the article highlights the need to synchronize both the RPWD Bill, 2014 and Mental Health Care Bill, 2013 to provide justice for persons with mental illness. PMID:27385843

  2. Human rights principles in developing and updating policies and laws on mental health.

    PubMed

    Schulze, M

    2016-01-01

    The World Health Organization's Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2020 stipulates human rights as a cross-cutting principle (WHO, 2013) and foresees global targets to update policies as well as mental health laws in line with international and regional human rights instruments. The international human rights agreements repeatedly refer to health, including mental health. The most pertinent provisions related to mental health are enshrined in the 2006 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), which sets out human rights in an accessible and inclusive fashion to ensure the equal participation of persons with disabilities. The inconclusive description of disability in the treaty overtly refers to 'mental impairment' as part of an explicitly evolving understanding of disability. This text sketches some of the underlying concepts as they apply to the realm of mental health: non-discrimination of persons with disabilities and measures that should be taken to ensure accessibility in a holistic understanding; removal of social and attitudinal barriers as much as communication and intellectual barriers but also institutional hurdles. The CRPD's paradigm shift away from framing disability mainly through deficits towards a social understanding of disability as the result of interaction and focusing on capacity is the core on which the provision of mental health services at community level to enable participation in society shall be ensured. Questions of capacity, also to make decisions and the possible need for support in so doing, are sketched out.

  3. Do material, psychosocial and behavioural factors mediate the relationship between disability acquisition and mental health? A sequential causal mediation analysis.

    PubMed

    Aitken, Zoe; Simpson, Julie Anne; Gurrin, Lyle; Bentley, Rebecca; Kavanagh, Anne Marie

    2018-01-29

    There is evidence of a causal relationship between disability acquisition and poor mental health; however, the mechanism by which disability affects mental health is poorly understood. This gap in understanding limits the development of effective interventions to improve the mental health of people with disabilities. We used four waves of data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey (2011-14) to compare self-reported mental health between individuals who acquired any disability (n=387) and those who remained disability-free (n=7936). We tested three possible pathways from disability acquisition to mental health, examining the effect of material, psychosocial and behavioural mediators. The effect was partitioned into natural direct and indirect effects through the mediators using a sequential causal mediation analysis approach. Multiple imputation using chained equations was used to assess the impact of missing data. Disability acquisition was estimated to cause a five-point decline in mental health [estimated mean difference: -5.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) -6.8, -3.7]. The indirect effect through material factors was estimated to be a 1.7-point difference (-1.7, 95% CI -2.8, -0.6), explaining 32% of the total effect, with a negligible proportion of the effect explained by the addition of psychosocial characteristics (material and psychosocial: -1.7, 95% CI -3.0, -0.5) and a further 5% by behavioural factors (material-psychosocial-behavioural: -2.0, 95% CI -3.4, -0.6). The finding that the effect of disability acquisition on mental health operates predominantly through material rather than psychosocial and behavioural factors has important implications. The results highlight the need for better social protection, including income support, employment and education opportunities, and affordable housing for people who acquire a disability. © The Author(s) 2018; all rights reserved. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association

  4. Learning and liking of melody and harmony: further studies in artificial grammar learning.

    PubMed

    Loui, Psyche

    2012-10-01

    Much of what we know and love about music is based on implicitly acquired mental representations of musical pitches and the relationships between them. While previous studies have shown that these mental representations of music can be acquired rapidly and can influence preference, it is still unclear which aspects of music influence learning and preference formation. This article reports two experiments that use an artificial musical system to examine two questions: (1) which aspects of music matter most for learning, and (2) which aspects of music matter most for preference formation. Two aspects of music are tested: melody and harmony. In Experiment 1 we tested the learning and liking of a new musical system that is manipulated melodically so that only some of the possible conditional probabilities between successive notes are presented. In Experiment 2 we administered the same tests for learning and liking, but we used a musical system that is manipulated harmonically to eliminate the property of harmonic whole-integer ratios between pitches. Results show that disrupting melody (Experiment 1) disabled the learning of music without disrupting preference formation, whereas disrupting harmony (Experiment 2) does not affect learning and memory but disrupts preference formation. Results point to a possible dissociation between learning and preference in musical knowledge. Copyright © 2012 Cognitive Science Society, Inc.

  5. Diagnosing and Solving School Learning Disabilities in Epilepsy: Part 3--The Classroom

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mittan, Robert J.

    2010-01-01

    In many respects epilepsy is as much a social disorder as it is a physical one. With epilepsy's long human history, many misconceptions have grown around the disorder. Those misconceptions have taken on a life of their own. Mistaken ideas that epilepsy is some form of evil possession, that it is a form of mental illness, that people with epilepsy…

  6. Adults with Mild Intellectual Disabilities' Experiences of Mental Health Problems: A Qualitative Study Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Tomlinson, Samantha; Hewitt, Olivia

    2018-01-01

    Research addressing people with intellectual disabilities' experiences of mental health problems has mainly focused on the perspectives of family members or professionals, or has been driven by service evaluation. Few studies have sought the views of people with intellectual disabilities about their own mental health experiences. This study…

  7. Staffs' Knowledge and Perceptions of Working with Women with Intellectual Disabilities and Mental Health Problems

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Taggart, L.; McMillan, R.; Lawson, A.

    2010-01-01

    Aim: There is a growing evidence of the physical and mental health inequalities in people with intellectual disability (ID) although less has been written concerning the mental health of women with ID (International Association for the Scientific Study of Intellectual Disabilities). This is compared with the substantive literature published within…

  8. 38 CFR 4.125 - Diagnosis of mental disorders.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... SCHEDULE FOR RATING DISABILITIES Disability Ratings Mental Disorders § 4.125 Diagnosis of mental disorders. (a) If the diagnosis of a mental disorder does not conform to DSM-IV or is not supported by the... substantiate the diagnosis. (b) If the diagnosis of a mental disorder is changed, the rating agency shall...

  9. 38 CFR 4.15 - Total disability ratings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... must be given to unusual physical or mental effects in individual cases, to peculiar effects of occupational activities, to defects in physical or mental endowment preventing the usual amount of success in overcoming the handicap of disability and to the effect of combinations of disability. Total disability will...

  10. Employment status and mental health among persons with and without a disability: evidence from an Australian cohort study.

    PubMed

    Milner, A; LaMontagne, A D; Aitken, Z; Bentley, R; Kavanagh, A M

    2014-11-01

    Unemployment and economic inactivity are associated with worse mental health in the general population, but there is limited understanding of whether these relationships are different for those persons with mental or physical disabilities. The aim of this study was to assess whether there were differences in mental health by labour force status among persons with and without disabilities. Over eight annual waves of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey, a total of 2379 people with disabilities and 11 417 people without disabilities were identified. Mental health using the Mental Component Summary (MCS) from the Short Form 36 was modelled as a function of labour force status using fixed-effects regression models to control for time invariant confounding. Differences between those with and without disabilities were assessed by including an interaction term in regression models. After finding evidence of effect modification, regression models were stratified by disability status. After adjustment, unemployment and economic inactivity were associated with a -1.85 (95% CI -2.96 to -0.73, p=0.001) and -2.66 (95% CI -3.46 to -1.86, p<0.001) reduction in scores of the MCS among those with a disability. For those without a disability, there were smaller declines associated with unemployment (-0.57, 95% CI -1.02 to -0.12, p=0.013) and economic inactivity (-0.34, 95% CI -0.64 to 0.05, p=0.022). These results suggest a greater reduction in mental health for those persons with disabilities who were unemployed or economically inactive than those who were employed. This highlights the value of employment for people with disabilities. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

  11. The social model of disability: dichotomy between impairment and disability.

    PubMed

    Anastasiou, Dimitris; Kauffman, James M

    2013-08-01

    The rhetoric of the social model of disability is presented, and its basic claims are critiqued. Proponents of the social model use the distinction between impairment and disability to reduce disabilities to a single social dimension-social oppression. They downplay the role of biological and mental conditions in the lives of disabled people. Consequences of denying biological and mental realities involving disabilities are discussed. People will benefit most by recognizing both the biological and the social dimensions of disabilities.

  12. Causes of homelessness prevalence: Relationship between homelessness and disability.

    PubMed

    Nishio, Akihiro; Horita, Ryo; Sado, Tadahiro; Mizutani, Seiko; Watanabe, Takahiro; Uehara, Ryosuke; Yamamoto, Mayumi

    2017-03-01

    Many studies have reported that the prevalence of mental illness and cognitive disability is higher among homeless individuals compared to the general population, and the rates of mental illness among the homeless population have recently increased. This study: (i) compares causes of homelessness or barriers to escaping homelessness for people with/without mental illness/cognitive disability; (ii) reveals problems with the Japanese homeless policy; and (iii) proposes an effective and necessary support system. The participants were 114 homeless individuals. A psychiatric diagnostic interview and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, version III were used to measure participants' mental health and cognitive abilities. A questionnaire was administered comprising 17 items related to the causes of their homelessness and barriers to escaping from it. Participants were divided into four groups - with/without mental illness or cognitive disability - and Fisher's exact test was used to compare the questionnaire results. Individuals with cognitive disabilities considered bad relationships with their family members to be the cause of their homelessness. Conversely, normal individuals considered their homelessness to be the result of debt more so than did individuals with mental problems. Individuals with mental illness had more difficulties escaping homelessness than did either normal individuals or individuals with cognitive disability. This tendency was observed most strongly among individuals with both mental illness and cognitive disability. Most homeless individuals considered economic problems to be the cause of their homelessness; however, difficulties with human relationships were also important factors and were more difficult for participants to acknowledge. Furthermore, these difficulties were exacerbated among those individuals with mental problems. © 2016 The Authors. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences © 2016 Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology.

  13. Trends in work disability with mental diagnoses among social workers in Finland and Sweden in 2005-2012.

    PubMed

    Rantonen, O; Alexanderson, K; Pentti, J; Kjeldgård, L; Hämäläinen, J; Mittendorfer-Rutz, E; Kivimäki, M; Vahtera, J; Salo, P

    2017-12-01

    Aims Social workers report high levels of stress and have an increased risk for hospitalisation with mental diagnoses. However, it is not known whether the risk of work disability with mental diagnoses is higher among social workers compared with other human service professionals. We analysed trends in work disability (sickness absence and disability pension) with mental diagnoses and return to work (RTW) in 2005-2012 among social workers in Finland and Sweden, comparing with such trends in preschool teachers, special education teachers and psychologists. Records of work disability (>14 days) with mental diagnoses (ICD-10 codes F00-F99) from nationwide health registers were linked to two prospective cohort projects: the Finnish Public Sector study, years 2005-2011 and the Insurance Medicine All Sweden database, years 2005-2012. The Finnish sample comprised 4849 employees and the Swedish 119 219 employees covering four occupations: social workers (Finland 1155/Sweden 23 704), preschool teachers (2419/74 785), special education teachers (832/14 004) and psychologists (443/6726). The reference occupations were comparable regarding educational level. Risk of work disability was analysed with negative binomial regression and RTW with Cox proportional hazards. Social workers in Finland and Sweden had a higher risk of work disability with mental diagnoses compared with preschool teachers and special education teachers (rate ratios (RR) 1.43-1.91), after adjustment for age and sex. In Sweden, but not in Finland, social workers also had higher work disability risk than psychologists (RR 1.52; 95% confidence interval 1.28-1.81). In Sweden, in the final model special education teachers had a 9% higher probability RTW than social workers. In Sweden, in the final model the risks for work disability with depression diagnoses and stress-related disorder diagnoses were similar to the risk with all mental diagnoses (RR 1.40-1.77), and the probability of RTW was 6% higher in preschool teachers after work disability with depression diagnoses and 9% higher in special education teachers after work disability with stress-related disorder diagnoses compared with social workers. Social workers appear to be at a greater risk of work disability with mental diagnoses compared with other human service professionals in Finland and Sweden. It remains to be studied whether the higher risk is due to selection of vulnerable employees to social work or the effect of work-related stress in social work. Further studies should focus on these mechanisms and the risk of work disability with mental diagnoses among human service professionals.

  14. Comparison of Self- and Proxy Report of Mental Health Symptoms in People with Intellectual Disabilities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Scott, Haleigh M.; Havercamp, Susan M.

    2018-01-01

    Mental illness, and its assessment and treatment, is a concern for caregivers and professionals working with people with intellectual disability (ID), as well as a cause of distress and disability for people with ID. Research in this area is hindered by difficulties associated with recognizing symptoms of mental illness and tracking their changes.…

  15. Predicting Mental Health among Mothers of School-Aged Children with Developmental Disabilities: The Relative Contribution of Child, Maternal and Environmental Factors

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bourke-Taylor, Helen; Pallant, Julie F.; Law, Mary; Howie, Linsey

    2012-01-01

    Aim: Many mothers of children with developmental disabilities are known to experience high levels of stress, and compromised mental health. Research is crucial to better understand and assist mothers with compromised mental health, and ultimately better service families raising and supporting a child with a disability. Method: Data were collected…

  16. The Relationship between Dimensions of Forgiveness with Mental Health in Mothers of Children with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Nemati, Shahrooz; Mirnasab, Mir Mahmoud; Bonab, Bagher Ghobari

    2016-01-01

    The aim of the current study was to predict mental health of the mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities from the magnitude of their forgiveness. To fulfill the stated goal 88 mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities by means of accessible sampling procedure, and Besharat mental health…

  17. Barriers and Enablers to Accessing Mental Health Services for People with Intellectual Disability: A Scoping Review

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Whittle, Erin Louise; Fisher, Karen R.; Reppermund, Simone; Lenroot, Rhoshel; Trollor, Julian

    2018-01-01

    Background: It is well established that people with an intellectual disability have high rates of mental health problems, yet rates of uptake of services do not match need. Aim: To identify the current literature pertaining to the barriers and facilitators to access to mental health services for people with an intellectual disability. Method: A…

  18. Mental Health Services, Free Appropriate Public Education, and Students with Disabilities: Legal Considerations in Identifying, Evaluating, and Providing Services

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Yell, Mitchell; Smith, Carl; Katsiyannis, Antonis; Losinski, Mickey

    2018-01-01

    In the past few years, the provision of mental health services in public schools has received considerable attention. When students with disabilities are eligible for special education and related services under the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), mental health services are required if such services are needed to provide…

  19. Interface between intellectual disability and mental health: hermeneutic review.

    PubMed

    Surjus, Luciana Togni de Lima e Silva; Campos, Rosana Teresa Onocko

    2014-06-01

    A literature review was conducted aiming to understand the interface between the Intellectual Disability and Mental Health fields and to contribute to mitigating the path of institutionalizing individuals with intellectual deficiencies. The so-called dual diagnosis phenomenon remains underestimated in Brazil but is the object of research and specific public policy internationally. This phenomenon alerts us to the prevalence of mental health problems in those with intellectual disabilities, limiting their social inclusion. The findings reinforce the importance of this theme and indicate possible diagnostic invisibility of the development of mental illness in those with intellectual disabilities in Brazil, which may contribute to sustaining psychiatric institutionalization of this population. 

  20. Month of Conception and Learning Disabilities: A Record-Linkage Study of 801,592 Children.

    PubMed

    Mackay, Daniel F; Smith, Gordon C S; Cooper, Sally-Ann; Wood, Rachael; King, Albert; Clark, David N; Pell, Jill P

    2016-10-01

    Learning disabilities have profound, long-lasting health sequelae. Affected children born over the course of 1 year in the United States of America generated an estimated lifetime cost of $51.2 billion. Results from some studies have suggested that autistic spectrum disorder may vary by season of birth, but there have been few studies in which investigators examined whether this is also true of other causes of learning disabilities. We undertook Scotland-wide record linkage of education (annual pupil census) and maternity (Scottish Morbidity Record 02) databases for 801,592 singleton children attending Scottish schools in 2006-2011. We modeled monthly rates using principal sine and cosine transformations of the month number and demonstrated cyclicity in the percentage of children with special educational needs. Rates were highest among children conceived in the first quarter of the year (January-March) and lowest among those conceived in the third (July-September) (8.9% vs 7.6%; P < 0.001). Seasonal variations were specific to autistic spectrum disorder, intellectual disabilities, and learning difficulties (e.g., dyslexia) and were absent for sensory or motor/physical impairments and mental, physical, or communication problems. Seasonality accounted for 11.4% (95% confidence interval: 9.0, 13.7) of all cases. Some biologically plausible causes of this variation, such as infection and maternal vitamin D levels, are potentially amendable to intervention. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  1. Behavioural phenotypes associated with specific genetic disorders: evidence from a population-based study of people with Prader-Willi syndrome.

    PubMed

    Holland, A J; Whittington, J E; Butler, J; Webb, T; Boer, H; Clarke, D

    2003-01-01

    Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder resulting in obesity, short stature, cryptorchidism, learning disabilities (mental retardation) and severe neonatal hypotonia. Associated with the syndrome are a number of behaviours that are sufficiently distinctive that the syndrome is considered to have a specific 'behavioural phenotype'. Through multiple sources we attempted to identify all people with PWS living in one region in the U K. This cohort was augmented by people with PWS from other regions, and a contrast group of people with learning disabilities of varied aetiologies. The main carers were interviewed, using structured and semi-structured interview schedules, to establish the presence and severity of specific behaviours, and PWS diagnostic criteria. The intellectual functioning and attainments of all were determined. Blood samples were obtained for genetic diagnosis from all consenting participants. Although excessive eating was recognized as a potentially severe problem in those with PWS, it was almost universally controlled by food restriction, and therefore not seen as a 'problem behaviour'. Those with PWS differed from a learning disabled group of other aetiologies in the prevalence rates of skin picking, temper tantrums, compulsive behaviours and mood fluctuations, and also in the profile of their adaptive behaviours. The study confirms the distinct behavioural phenotype of PWS. Specific behaviours occurred significantly more frequently in PWS, compared with an age and BMI matched learning disabled comparison group. A factor analysis of the behaviours involved resulted in three factors that we hypothesized to be independent, and to arise from different mechanisms.

  2. 20 CFR 220.101 - Evaluation of mental impairments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... ACT DETERMINING DISABILITY Evaluation of Disability § 220.101 Evaluation of mental impairments. (a) General. The steps outlined in § 220.100 apply to the evaluation of physical and mental impairments. In... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Evaluation of mental impairments. 220.101...

  3. The association between psychotic experiences and disability: results from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

    PubMed Central

    Navarro-Mateu, Fernando; Alonso, Jordi; Lim, Carmen C. W.; Saha, Sukanta; Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio; Al-Hamzawi, Ali; Andrade, Laura H.; Bromet, Evelyn J.; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Chatterji, Somnath; Degenhardt, Louisa; de Girolamo, Giovanni; de Jonge, Peter; Fayyad, John; Florescu, Silvia; Gureje, Oye; Haro, Josep M.; Hu, Chiyi; Karam, Elie G.; Kovess-Masfety, Viviane; Lee, Sing; Medina-Mora, Maria E.; Ojagbemi, Akin; Pennell, Beth-Ellen; Posada-Villa, Jose; Scott, Kate M.; Stagnaro, Juan Carlos; Kendler, Kenneth S.; Kessler, Ronald C.; McGrath, John J.

    2017-01-01

    Objective While psychotic experiences (PEs) are known to be associated with a range of mental and general medical disorders, little is known about the association between PEs and measures of disability. We aimed to investigate this question using the World Mental Health surveys. Method Lifetime occurrences of 6 types of PEs were assessed along with 21 mental disorders and 14 general medical conditions. Disability was assessed with a modified version of the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between PEs and high disability scores (top quartile) with various adjustments. Results Respondents with PEs were more likely to have top quartile scores on global disability than respondents without PEs (19.1% vs. 7.5%; χ2 = 190.1, p<.001) as well as greater likelihood of cognitive, social, and role impairment. Relationships persisted in each adjusted model. A significant dose-response relationship was also found for the PE type measures with most of these outcomes. Conclusions Psychotic experiences are associated with disability measures with a dose response relationship. These results are consistent with the view that PEs are associated with disability regardless of the presence of comorbid mental or general medical disorders. PMID:28542726

  4. The association between psychotic experiences and disability: results from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys.

    PubMed

    Navarro-Mateu, F; Alonso, J; Lim, C C W; Saha, S; Aguilar-Gaxiola, S; Al-Hamzawi, A; Andrade, L H; Bromet, E J; Bruffaerts, R; Chatterji, S; Degenhardt, L; de Girolamo, G; de Jonge, P; Fayyad, J; Florescu, S; Gureje, O; Haro, J M; Hu, C; Karam, E G; Kovess-Masfety, V; Lee, S; Medina-Mora, M E; Ojagbemi, A; Pennell, B-E; Piazza, M; Posada-Villa, J; Scott, K M; Stagnaro, J C; Xavier, M; Kendler, K S; Kessler, R C; McGrath, J J

    2017-07-01

    While psychotic experiences (PEs) are known to be associated with a range of mental and general medical disorders, little is known about the association between PEs and measures of disability. We aimed to investigate this question using the World Mental Health surveys. Lifetime occurrences of six types of PEs were assessed along with 21 mental disorders and 14 general medical conditions. Disability was assessed with a modified version of the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between PEs and high disability scores (top quartile) with various adjustments. Respondents with PEs were more likely to have top quartile scores on global disability than respondents without PEs (19.1% vs. 7.5%; χ 2  = 190.1, P < 0.001) as well as greater likelihood of cognitive, social, and role impairment. Relationships persisted in each adjusted model. A significant dose-response relationship was also found for the PE type measures with most of these outcomes. Psychotic experiences are associated with disability measures with a dose-response relationship. These results are consistent with the view that PEs are associated with disability regardless of the presence of comorbid mental or general medical disorders. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  5. Underemployment and its impacts on mental health among those with disabilities: evidence from the HILDA cohort.

    PubMed

    Milner, Allison; King, Tania Louise; LaMontagne, Anthony D; Aitken, Zoe; Petrie, Dennis; Kavanagh, Anne M

    2017-12-01

    Underemployment (defined as when a person in paid employment works for fewer hours than their desired full working capacity) is increasingly recognised as a component of employment precarity. This paper sought to investigate the effects of underemployment on the mental health of people with disabilities. Using 14 waves of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey, we used fixed-effects models to assess whether the presence of a disability modified the association between underemployment and mental health. Both disability and underemployment were assessed as time-varying factors. Measures of effect measure modification were presented on the additive scale. The experience of underemployment was associated with a significantly greater decline in mental health when a person reported a disability (mean difference -1.38, 95% CI -2.20 to -0.57) compared with when they did not report a disability (mean difference -0.49, 95% CI -0.84 to -0.14). The combined effect of being underemployed and having a disability was nearly one point greater than the summed independent risks of having a disability and being underemployed (-0.89, 95% CI -1.75 to -0.03). People with disabilities are more likely to experience underemployment and more likely to have their mental health adversely affected by it. There is a need for more research and policy attention on how to ameliorate the effects of underemployment on the mental health of persons with disabilities. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

  6. Disabled People in Japanese Community.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kojima, Yoko, Ed.; And Others

    The volume is intended to give readers a glimpse of the day-to-day life of disabled people in Japan. Eight brief papers present life experiences of a mentally retarded preschooler, severely disabled children, a child with muscular dystrophy, a young girl with polio living in the community, visually disabled and recovering mentally ill people…

  7. [What Psychiatrists Should Know about the Medical Documentation They Issue: Admission for Medical Care and Protection, Medical Treatment for Persons with Disabilities, Mental Health Disability Certification, etc].

    PubMed

    Yamasaki, Masao

    2015-01-01

    Psychiatrists issue a wide variety of documentation, among which are torms such as Registration of Admission for Medical Care and Protection, Periodic Report of Condition, Certification of Medical Treatment for Persons with Disabilities, and Mental Health Disability Certification, which are required under laws such as the Act on Mental Health and Welfare for the Mentally Disabled. These documents are important in that they are related to protecting the human rights of people with mental disorders, as well as securing appropriate medical and welfare services for them. However, in the course of reviewing and evaluating documentation at our Mental Health and Welfare Center, we encounter forms which are incomplete, or which contain inappropriate content. In order to protect the human rights of people with mental disorders, and to ensure the provision of appropriate medical and welfare services for them, I call on psychiatrists to issue carefully written and appropriate documentation. In this talk I will focus primarily on what psychiatrists should know when filling in forms in the course of their day-to-day clinical work.

  8. A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Specialist Liaison Worker Model for Young People with Intellectual Disabilities with Challenging Behaviour and Mental Health Needs

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Raghavan, R.; Newell, R.; Waseem, F.; Small, N.

    2009-01-01

    Background: Twenty-six young people with intellectual disabilities and mental health needs from Pakistani and Bangladeshi communities were recruited as part of a bigger study to examine the effectiveness of a liaison worker in helping young people and their families access appropriate intellectual disabilities and mental health services. Method:…

  9. Evaluation of the Separation of Service Members Who Made a Report of Sexual Assault

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-05-09

    2014, and Incorporating Change 1, Effective December 4, 2014, for the following non- disability mental conditions (NDMCs): • Personality Disorder...Adjustment Disorder • Disruptive Behavior Disorder • Impulse Control Disorder • Mental Condition, Other • Condition, Not a Disability Findings...the Services, update policy to establish management control procedures for separating service members for Non- Disability Mental Conditions to ensure

  10. Establishing Core Mental Health Workforce Attributes for the Effective Mental Health Care of People with an Intellectual Disability and Co-Occurring Mental Ill Health

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Weise, Janelle; Fisher, Karen R.; Trollor, Julian N.

    2017-01-01

    Background: People with intellectual disability experience high rates of mental ill health but multiple barriers to access to quality mental health care. One significant barrier to access is a generalist mental health workforce that lacks capacity, and consensus on what constitutes core workforce competencies in this area. As such, the first step…

  11. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: a new approach to decision-making in mental health law.

    PubMed

    Morrissey, Fiona

    2012-12-01

    The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) requires us to engage in new approaches to decision-making in mental health law. The reclassification of mental health rights to the realm of disability rights is an important step towards equal treatment for persons with psychosocial disabilities. Law reformers worldwide are beginning to consider the implications of the provisions. Legislators will be required to understand the underlying philosophy of the CRPD to realise the rights set out in it. The CRPD possesses a number of innovative provisions which can transform decision-making in the mental health context. Article 12 provides a new conceptualisation of persons with disabilities and their capacity to participate by requiring support to exercise legal capacity. While good practice exists, the provision has yet to be fully implemented by many State Parties. This article discusses the impact of the CRPD on mental health law, legal capacity law and describes examples of supported decision-making models for mental health care.

  12. Prevalence of Mental Illness, Cognitive Disability, and Their Overlap among the Homeless in Nagoya, Japan.

    PubMed

    Nishio, Akihiro; Yamamoto, Mayumi; Horita, Ryo; Sado, Tadahiro; Ueki, Hirofumi; Watanabe, Takahiro; Uehara, Ryosuke; Shioiri, Toshiki

    2015-01-01

    While the prevalence of mental illness or cognitive disability is higher among homeless people than the general population in Western countries, few studies have investigated its prevalence in Japan or other Asian countries. The present study conducted a survey to comprehensively assess prevalence of mental illness, cognitive disability, and their overlap among homeless individuals living in Nagoya, Japan. Participants were 114 homeless individuals. Mental illness was diagnosed based on semi-structured interviews conducted by psychiatrists. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS-III, simplified version) was used to diagnose intellectual/ cognitive disability. Among all participants, 42.1% (95% CI 33.4-51.3%) were diagnosed with a mental illness: 4.4% (95% CI 1.9-9.9%) with schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder, 17.5% (95% CI 11.6-25.6%) with a mood disorder, 2.6% (95% CI 0.9-7.5%) with an anxiety disorder, 14.0% (95% CI 8.8-21.6%) with a substance-related disorder, and 3.5% (95% CI 1.4-8.8%) with a personality disorder. Additionally, 34.2% (95% CI 26.1-43.3%) demonstrated cognitive disability: 20.2% (95% CI 13.8-28.5%) had mild and 14.0% (95% CI 8.8-21.6%) had moderate or severe disability. The percent overlap between mental illness and cognitive disability was 15.8% (95% CI 10.2-23.6%). Only 39.5% (95% CI 26.1-43.3%) of the participants were considered to have no psychological or cognitive dysfunction. Participants were divided into four groups based on the presence or absence of mental illness and/or cognitive disability. Only individuals with a cognitive disability reported a significant tendency toward not wanting to leave their homeless life. This is the first report showing that the prevalence of mental illness and/or cognitive disability among homeless individuals is much higher than in the general Japanese population. Appropriate support strategies should be devised and executed based on the specificities of an individual's psychological and cognitive condition.

  13. Vulnerability and mental health in Afghanistan: looking beyond war exposure.

    PubMed

    Trani, Jean-François; Bakhshi, Parul

    2013-02-01

    This study examined the prevalence of mental distress among groups in Afghanistan considered to be at risk. Data were drawn from a representative cross-sectional disability survey carried out in Afghanistan including 5,130 households in 171 clusters throughout the 34 provinces of the country. The sample included 838 nondisabled control participants aged above 14, and 675 disabled participants. Results showed that various vulnerable groups (disabled people, the unemployed, the elderly, minority ethnic groups, as well as widowed, divorced or separated women) were at higher risk of experiencing mild to severe mental health problems. The adjusted odds ratio for war-related disability compared to nondisabled was 4.09 (95% confidence interval 2.09 to 7.99) for mild mental distress disorders, and 7.10 (3.45-14.5) and 14.14 (3.38-59.00) for moderate or severe mental distress disorders, respectively. Women with disabilities (whatever the cause of impairment) when compared with nondisabled men, as well as poorer segments of society compared to the richest, had a higher prevalence of mental health problems. Women with non-war-related disabilities compared with nondisabled men were respectively 3.35 (1.27-8.81) and 8.57 (3.03-24.1) times more likely to experience mild or moderate mental distress disorders. People who experience multiple vulnerabilities are more at risk of deteriorating mental health in conflict zones. The study shows that mental health, in times of war, is influenced by a combination of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics linked to social exclusion mechanisms that were in place before the conflict began and that are redefined in relation to the changing social, cultural, and economic contexts. Mental health policies and programmes must prioritise the most vulnerable segments of Afghan society.

  14. Disability and Mental Disorders in the Canadian Armed Forces

    PubMed Central

    Weeks, Murray; Zamorski, Mark A.

    2016-01-01

    Objectives: The initial goal was to validate the use of a self-report measure of disability in the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF). The main goal was to document the extent of disability in personnel with and without mental disorders. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2013 Canadian Forces Mental Health Survey; the sample included 6700 Regular Forces personnel. Disability was measured with the 12-item version of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS-2); established cut points were used to demarcate severe, moderate, minimal, and no disability. The following recent (past-year) and remote (lifetime but not past-year) disorders were assessed with diagnostic interviews: posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive episode, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and alcohol use disorder. Results: The WHODAS-2 showed good internal consistency (α = 0.89) and a 1-factor structure. Most personnel had no disability (59.2%) or minimal disability (30.8%). However, an important minority had moderate or severe disability (8.4% and 1.6%, respectively). Individuals with recent disorders reported greater disability than those without lifetime disorders, although many had minimal or no disability (41.2% and 24.7%, respectively). Disability increased with the number of recent disorders. Relative to those without lifetime disorders, individuals with remote disorders showed slightly greater disability, but most had no disabilty (57.1%) or minimal disability (35.0%). Conclusions: The 12-item WHODAS-2 is a valid measure of disability in the CAF. Mental disorders may be important drivers of disability in this population, although limited residual disability is seen in individuals with remote disorders. PMID:27270743

  15. Interface between Intellectual Disability and Mental Health: hermeneutic review

    PubMed Central

    Surjus, Luciana Togni de Lima e Silva; Campos, Rosana Teresa Onocko

    2014-01-01

    A literature review was conducted aiming to understand the interface between the Intellectual Disability and Mental Health fields and to contribute to mitigating the path of institutionalizing individuals with intellectual deficiencies. The so-called dual diagnosis phenomenon remains underestimated in Brazil but is the object of research and specific public policy internationally. This phenomenon alerts us to the prevalence of mental health problems in those with intellectual disabilities, limiting their social inclusion. The findings reinforce the importance of this theme and indicate possible diagnostic invisibility of the development of mental illness in those with intellectual disabilities in Brazil, which may contribute to sustaining psychiatric institutionalization of this population.  PMID:25119948

  16. Complete mental health in adult siblings of those with a chronic illness or disability.

    PubMed

    Hallion, Madeleine; Taylor, Amanda; Roberts, Rachel

    2018-02-01

    Sibling relationships have lifelong significance and childhood chronic illness and disability can have considerable impacts on healthy siblings, influencing development into adulthood. Research has not yet assessed well-being in this population using measures of both mental health and mental illness. Thus, this study assessed well-being in a comprehensive manner using the complete mental health (CMH) model. Participants (N = 144) included both adult siblings of those with chronic illness or disability and adults with healthy siblings. Measures of positive social, psychological and emotional well-being were used to assess mental health and a measure of depression, anxiety, and stress was used to assess mental illness. A high proportion of participants, both with and without siblings with a chronic illness or disability, were experiencing symptoms of mental illness, accompanied by high wellbeing. This indicates that many participants fit into the struggling category of the CMH model. The present research highlights the need for early intervention services to ensure that siblings of those with a chronic illness or disability are well supported in developing strengths, as well as managing difficulties. Results also indicate that targeting students in mental health promotion is important to encourage participation in services. Implications for rehabilitation Siblings of those with a chronic illness or disability need to be included in assessments in order to understand the experience of the family unit. It is important for families and clinicians to be aware of the needs of healthy siblings and encourage them to interact with support services in order to maximise and maintain well-being. Skills-based support could be beneficial, particularly for providing caregivers with strategies to meet the needs of both their child with a chronic illness or disability and their healthy children.

  17. Perceptions of discrimination among persons with serious mental illness.

    PubMed

    Corrigan, Patrick; Thompson, Vetta; Lambert, David; Sangster, Yvette; Noel, Jeffrey G; Campbell, Jean

    2003-08-01

    The authors sought to gain further perspective on discrimination experienced by persons with mental illness by comparing self-reports of discrimination due to mental illness to self-reports of discrimination due to other group characteristics, such as race, gender, and sexual orientation. A total of 1,824 persons with serious mental illness who participated in a baseline interview for a multistate study on consumer-operated services completed a two-part discrimination questionnaire. The first part of the questionnaire assessed participants' perceptions about discrimination due to mental illness as well as more than half a dozen other group characteristics. The second part of the questionnaire asked participants who reported some experience with discrimination to identify areas in which this discrimination occurred, such as employment, education, and housing. More than half of the study participants (949 participants, or 53 percent) reported some experience with discrimination. The most frequent sources of this discrimination were mental disability, race, sexual orientation, and physical disability. Areas in which discrimination frequently occurred included employment, housing, and interactions with law enforcement. Areas in which discrimination was experienced did not significantly differ among groups of study participants characterized by mental disability, race, gender, sexual orientation, or physical disability. Discrimination based on group characteristics other than mental illness does not diminish the impact of stigma associated with mental illness. Antistigma programs need to target not only discrimination related to mental illness but also that associated with other group characteristics, such as race, gender, sexual orientation, and physical disability.

  18. Family Impact in Intellectual Disability, Severe Mental Health Disorders and Mental Health Disorders in ID. A Comparison

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Martorell, Almudena; Gutierrez-Recacha, Pedro; Irazabal, Marcia; Marsa, Ferran; Garcia, Mercedes

    2011-01-01

    Family impact (or family burden) is a concept born in the field of mental health that has successfully been exported to the ambit of intellectual disability (ID). However, differences in family impact associated with severe mental health disorders (schizophrenia), to ID or to mental health problems in ID should be expected. Seventy-two adults with…

  19. Characteristics of individuals receiving disability benefits in the Netherlands and predictors of leaving the disability benefit scheme: a retrospective cohort study with five-year follow-up.

    PubMed

    Louwerse, Ilse; Huysmans, Maaike A; van Rijssen, H Jolanda; van der Beek, Allard J; Anema, Johannes R

    2018-01-18

    Today, work disability is one of the greatest social and labour market challenges for policy makers in most OECD countries, where on average, about 6% of the working-age population relies on disability benefits. Understanding of factors associated with long-term work disability may be helpful to identify groups of individuals at risk for disability benefit entitlement or continuing eligibility, and to develop effective interventions for these groups. The purpose of this study is to provide insight into the main diagnoses of workers who qualify for disability benefits and how these diagnoses differ in age, gender and education. Using a five-year follow-up, we examined the duration of disability benefits and how durations differ among individuals with various characteristics. We performed a cohort study of 31,733 individuals receiving disability benefits from the Dutch Social Security Institute (SSI) with a five-year follow-up. Data were collected from SSI databases. Information about disorders was assessed by an insurance physician upon benefit application. These data were used to test for significant relationships among socio-demographics, main diagnoses and comorbidity, and disability benefit entitlement and continuing eligibility. Mental disorders were the most frequent diagnosis for individuals claiming work disability. Diagnoses differed among age groups and education categories. Mental disorders were the main diagnosis for work disability for younger and more highly educated individuals, and physical disorders (generally musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and cancer) were the main diagnosis for older and less educated individuals. In 82% of the claims, the duration of disability benefit was five years or more after approval. Outflow was lowest for individuals with (multiple) mental disorders and those with comorbidity of mental and physical disorders, and highest for individuals with (multiple) physical disorders. The main diagnosis for persons entitled to disability benefits was mental health problems, especially for young women. In a five-year follow-up, claim duration for disability benefits was long lasting for most claimants.

  20. The Complexities of Intimate Partner Violence: Mental Health, Disabilities, and Child Abuse History for White, Indigenous, and Other Visible Minority Canadian Women.

    PubMed

    Tutty, Leslie M; Radtke, H L; Ateah, Christine A; Ursel, E Jane; Thurston, Wilfreda E Billie; Hampton, Mary; Nixon, Kendra

    2017-11-01

    This research examines how mental health issues associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) relate to women's intersecting identities of race/ethnicity, disability status, and child abuse history. Data ( N = 595) from a Canadian triprovincial study included women who were White ( n = 263, 44.8%), Indigenous ( n = 292, 49.7%), or visible minority ( n = 32, 5.5%). Few demographic differences were found. None of the mental health measures (Symptom Checklist-Short Form [SCL-10], Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depression [CES-D-10], Posttraumatic Stress Disorder [PTSD] Checklist) were in the clinical ranges. In a MANCOVA on the mental health scales, with IPV severity, racial group, disability status, and child abuse history as variables, only disability was significantly associated with more mental health symptoms.

  1. Revision of the ICIDH: mental health aspects. WHO/MNH Disability Working Group.

    PubMed

    Ustün, T B; Cooper, J E; van Duuren-Kristen, S; Kennedy, C; Hendershot, G; Sartorius, N

    1995-01-01

    This article reviews the key issues arising in the revision of the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps (ICIDH) from a mental health perspective, and describes the work of the Disability Working Group of the WHO's Division of Mental Health. The ICIDH, which describes the consequences of disorders at three levels as impairments, disabilities, and handicaps, is generally applicable and useful for mental health purposes. While some impairments are mainly a consequence of 'mental' disorders (e.g. cognitive impairment), there should be no differences between mental and physical disorders in the classification scheme, to avoid a dichotomy between mind and body. There is also a need to improve the ways in which interference with the performance of social roles is described, since this is often the most obvious consequence of mental disorders. This article presents the potentials of the ICIDH in the field of mental health, and gives recommendations for the development of the revision process of the ICIDH. To stimulate the process of producing a 'common language' in the ICIDH related to mental health issues, former and potential users of the ICIDH are invited to give comments and suggestions.

  2. Legal capacity of persons with disabilities in Ethiopia: The need to reform existing legal frameworks.

    PubMed

    Marishet, Mohammed Hamza

    The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) prohibited deprivation legal capacity of persons with disability based on assessment of mental capacity. The assertion is that, persons with disabilities shall exercise their legal capacity in all aspects of life without any restrictions that are based on mental incapacity (such as, unsoundness of mind, deficit in mental capacity, dotage, etc. This approach signifies a shift from substituted decision making, where another person act on behalf of persons with mental disabilities, to supported decision making where the person with mental disability is assisted in decision making. The rationale for the move lies on the recognition that the right to legal capacity embodies the inherent meaning of what it meant to be human. Without legal capacity a person cannot exercise all other rights and entitlements. Accordingly, States parties to CRPD are required to reform domestic legislations that are based on substituted decision making model and recognize full legal capacity of persons with disabilities in line with supported decision making model. As a Sate party to CRPD, Ethiopia assumed the same obligation. Nonetheless, in its initial report to the Committee on CRPD, the country denies existence of legislation that restricts legal capacity on the grounds of mental incapacity. This research found out that there are restrictions imposed on legal capacity of persons with disabilities on the basis of mental incapacity/disability. The research analyzed the approach employed to restrict legal capacity under the existing legal frameworks of Ethiopia vis-à-vis supported decision-making regime under CRPD. The research is doctrinal and, as such, limited to content analysis of general and specific legal capacity laws of the country (such as, marriage, divorce, will, work and employment, political participation, access to justice and others). Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  3. Mental disability and discriminatory practices: effects of social representations of the Mexican population.

    PubMed

    Mariana, Espinola-Nadurille; Guadalupe, Delgado

    2009-05-01

    The prevalence of mental disorders in Mexico is 26.1%. This shows that an important percentage of the population suffers from mental disability. Despite this the country's healthcare system does not provide the least acceptable standard of care for the mentally disabled. The aim of this study was to describe the general population's social representations of the disabled and analyze their relationship with the discriminatory practices from the state towards the mentally ill with respect to their right to health. This study was a secondary analysis of the First National Survey on Discrimination in Mexico. In the survey 1,437 effective interviews that comprised a representative sample, were obtained from people aged 18 to 60 living in rural and urban settings. The response rate was 76.5%. The assessment tool was a self-administered questionnaire that yielded perceptions, attitudes, values and social representations about discrimination towards groups of people that supposedly were targets of discrimination by the general population. In the survey the mentally ill were included under disability. As a secondary analysis of the survey for the purpose of this study, we selected a subset of questions that provided important information about social representations of the general Mexican population towards persons with disabilities. The general population's social representations of the disabled were analyzed. The disabled are the second group after the elderly perceived as the most discriminated and neglected and bearing more suffering. A whole set of negative representations concerning the disabled, such as lack of acceptance and respect, low self-confidence, mistreatment, incomprehension, isolation, intolerance, indifference and bad attitudes from others, were elicited. Social representations are social correspondents of the discriminatory practices that the state exerts toward the mentally ill with respect to their right to health. These representations serve to maintain, naturalize and legitimize these practices. All sectors of society should make an effort to change the negative social representations towards this vulnerable section of society.

  4. Law & Psychiatry: Has the ADA Been Reborn as a Tool of Broad Community Change for People With Mental Disabilities?

    PubMed

    Petrila, John

    2014-07-01

    Twenty-five years after enactment of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), the U.S. Justice Department has begun to aggressively use the law to compel states to reform community care of individuals with mental disabilities. In this month's Law & Psychiatry column, the author highlights settlement agreements between Justice and the states of New York and Rhode Island that will produce sweeping changes in housing and employment for thousands of individuals with mental disabilities. Is the ADA's original promise finally being realized? The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was enacted with the hope that it would result in the end of segregation based on disability. That promise has been only partially met. However, two recent settlement agreements between the U.S. Department of Justice and the states of New York and Rhode Island promise sweeping change in housing and employment for thousands of individuals with mental disabilities. This column describes the agreements, which adopt best practices as the foundation for community change and which suggest that the ADA may be reaching its full promise.

  5. Service Development for Intellectual Disability Mental Health: A Human Rights Approach

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Evans, E.; Howlett, S.; Kremser, T.; Simpson, J.; Kayess, R.; Trollor, J.

    2012-01-01

    Background: People with intellectual disability (ID) experience higher rates of major mental disorders than their non-ID peers, but in many countries have difficulty accessing appropriate mental health services. The aim of this paper is to review the current state of mental health services for people with ID using Australia as a case example, and…

  6. Clustering of adversity in young adults on disability pension due to mental disorders: a latent class analysis.

    PubMed

    Joensuu, Matti; Mattila-Holappa, Pauliina; Ahola, Kirsi; Ervasti, Jenni; Kivimäki, Mika; Kivekäs, Teija; Koskinen, Aki; Vahtera, Jussi; Virtanen, Marianna

    2016-02-01

    Mental disorders are the leading cause of work disability among young adults. This study examined whether distinct classes could be identified among young adults on the basis of medical history before receiving a disability pension due to a mental disorder. Medical history was obtained from pension applications and attached medical certificates for 1163 individuals aged 18-34 years who, in 2008, received a disability pension due to a mental disorder. Using latent class analysis, 10 clinical and individual adversities and their associations with sex, age and diagnostic category were examined. Three classes were identified: childhood adversity (prevalence, 33%), comorbidity (23%), and undefined (44%). The childhood adversity class was characterized by adverse events and symptoms reported during childhood and it associated with depressive disorders. The comorbidity class was characterized by comorbid mental disorders, suicide attempts and substance abuse and associated with younger age and bipolar disorder. The undefined class formed no distinct profile; individuals in this class had the lowest number of adversities and it associated with psychotic disorders. The identification of subgroups characterized by childhood circumstances and comorbidity may help planning of prevention and support practices for young adults with mental disorders and risk of work disability.

  7. Mental health legislation in Lebanon: Nonconformity to international standards and clinical dilemmas in psychiatric practice.

    PubMed

    Kerbage, Hala; El Chammay, Rabih; Richa, Sami

    2016-01-01

    Mental health legislation represents an important mean of protecting the rights of persons with mental disabilities by preventing human rights violations and discrimination and by legally reinforcing the objectives of a mental health policy. The last decade has seen significant changes in the laws relating to psychiatric practice all over the world, especially with the implementation of the Convention for the Rights of People with Disabilities (CRPD). In this paper, we review the existing legislation in Lebanon concerning the following areas in mental health: treatment and legal protection of persons with mental disabilities, criminal laws in relation to offenders with mental disorders, and laws regulating incapacity. We will discuss these texts in comparison with international recommendations and standards on the rights of persons with disabilities, showing the recurrent contradiction between them. Throughout our article, we will address the clinical dilemmas that Lebanese psychiatrists encounter in practice, in the absence of a clear legislation that can orient their decisions and protect their patients from abuse. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  8. 32 CFR 219.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... research involving vulnerable populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled... as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally...

  9. 32 CFR 219.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... research involving vulnerable populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled... as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally...

  10. 32 CFR 219.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... research involving vulnerable populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled... as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally...

  11. Synthetic Estimation of the Distribution of Mentally Disabled Adults for Allocations to Ohio's Mental Health Board Areas.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jarjoura, David; And Others

    1993-01-01

    A synthetic method of estimating relative annual prevalence of severely mentally disabled (SMD) adults across Ohio's mental health board areas was evaluated. Indirect evidence of accuracy for the method, which relies on local catchment area data and local census data, is provided by comparison with actual SMD adult counts in federal programs. (SLD)

  12. The Role of Training in Improving Community Care Staff Awareness of Mental Health Problems in People with Intellectual Disabilities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Costello, Helen; Bouras, Nick; Davis, Hilton

    2007-01-01

    Background: Care staff play a key role in identifying individuals with intellectual disabilities and additional mental health problems. Yet, few receive training in mental health, and evidence about the effectiveness of training is scant. Materials and Methods: A pre-post study is reported, using a mental health screen and a self-report…

  13. Art Education and Disability Studies Perspectives on Mental Illness Discourses

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Derby, John K.

    2009-01-01

    This dissertation critically examines mental illness discourses through the intersecting disciplinary lenses of art education and disability studies. Research from multiple disciplines is compared and theorized to uncover the ways in which discourses, or language systems, have oppressively constructed and represented "mental illness." To establish…

  14. 42 CFR 483.108 - Relationship of PASARR to other Medicaid processes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... mental health or intellectual disability authorities cannot be countermanded by the State Medicaid agency... of this part may overturn a PASARR determination made by the State mental health or intellectual disability authorities. (b) In making their determinations, however, the State mental health and intellectual...

  15. 42 CFR 483.108 - Relationship of PASARR to other Medicaid processes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... mental health or intellectual disability authorities cannot be countermanded by the State Medicaid agency... of this part may overturn a PASARR determination made by the State mental health or intellectual disability authorities. (b) In making their determinations, however, the State mental health and intellectual...

  16. 42 CFR 483.108 - Relationship of PASARR to other Medicaid processes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... mental health or intellectual disability authorities cannot be countermanded by the State Medicaid agency... of this part may overturn a PASARR determination made by the State mental health or intellectual disability authorities. (b) In making their determinations, however, the State mental health and intellectual...

  17. Daily time management and influence of environmental factors on use of electronic planning devices in adults with mental disability.

    PubMed

    Janeslätt, Gunnel; Lindstedt, Helena; Adolfsson, Päivi

    2015-01-01

    To describe daily time management in adults with and without mental disability and to examine differences in the level of their daily time management; to describe the possessions and use of electronic planning devices (EPDs) in activities and how environmental factors influence the use of EPDs in adults with mental disability. In a descriptive and cross-sectional design, 32 participants using EPDs and a matched comparison group of 32 healthy adults was recruited. Time-Self rating scale measuring daily time management was adapted for adults. A study specific questionnaire was applied to collect data on five ICF environmental factors. Rasch modelling, descriptive and non-parametric statistics were applied. Time-S has acceptable psychometric properties for use on adults with mental disability. People with mental disability and low level of daily time management who use advanced EPDs are more influenced by environmental factors. The study group perceived that encouragement and support from professionals as well as services influence their use of EPDs. Time-S can safely be used for people with mental disability. EPDs do not fully compensate the needs of the target-group. Prescribers need to give considerations to this and therefore they should be provided with more knowledge about this matter. Implications for Rehabilitation The Time-S can be applied for measuring daily time management in adults. Adults with mental disability provided with EPDs are not fully compensated in daily time management. Professional support and encouragement as well as backing from the services are important factors for the use of EPDs. Because the smart phones are not prescribed as assistive technology, the need for help from professionals to facilitate daily life is stressed. Therefore, the professionals should be provided with more knowledge about the use of EPDs.

  18. Health Problems during Compulsory Military Service Predict Disability Retirement: A Register-Based Study on Secular Trends during 40 Years of Follow-Up.

    PubMed

    Frilander, Heikki; Lallukka, Tea; Viikari-Juntura, Eira; Heliövaara, Markku; Solovieva, Svetlana

    2016-01-01

    Disability retirement causes a significant burden on the society and affects the well-being of individuals. Early health problems as determinants of disability retirement have received little attention. The objective was to study, whether interrupting compulsory military service is an early indicator of disability retirement among Finnish men and whether seeking medical advice during military service increases the risk of all-cause disability retirement and disability retirement due to mental disorders and musculoskeletal diseases. We also looked at secular trends in these associations. We examined a nationally representative sample of 2069 men, who had entered military service during 1967-1996. We linked military service health records with cause-specific register data on disability retirement from 1968 to 2008. Secular trends were explored in three service time strata. We used the Cox regression model to estimate proportional hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. During the follow-up time altogether 140 (6.8%) men retired due to disability, mental disorders being the most common cause. The men who interrupted service had a remarkably higher cumulative incidence of disability retirement (18.9%). The associations between seeking medical advice during military service and all-cause disability retirement were similar across the three service time cohorts (overall hazard ratio 1.40 per one standard deviation of the number of visits; 95% confidence interval 1.26-1.56). Visits due to mental problems predicted disability retirement due to mental disorders in the men who served between 1987 and 1996 and a tendency for a similar cause-specific association was seen for musculoskeletal diseases in the men who served in 1967-1976. In conclusion, health problems-in particular mental problems-during late adolescence are strong determinants of disability retirement. Call-up examinations and military service provide access to the entire age cohort of men, where persons at risk for work disability can be identified and early preventive measures initiated.

  19. Health Problems during Compulsory Military Service Predict Disability Retirement: A Register-Based Study on Secular Trends during 40 Years of Follow-Up

    PubMed Central

    Frilander, Heikki; Lallukka, Tea; Viikari-Juntura, Eira; Heliövaara, Markku; Solovieva, Svetlana

    2016-01-01

    Disability retirement causes a significant burden on the society and affects the well-being of individuals. Early health problems as determinants of disability retirement have received little attention. The objective was to study, whether interrupting compulsory military service is an early indicator of disability retirement among Finnish men and whether seeking medical advice during military service increases the risk of all-cause disability retirement and disability retirement due to mental disorders and musculoskeletal diseases. We also looked at secular trends in these associations. We examined a nationally representative sample of 2069 men, who had entered military service during 1967–1996. We linked military service health records with cause-specific register data on disability retirement from 1968 to 2008. Secular trends were explored in three service time strata. We used the Cox regression model to estimate proportional hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. During the follow-up time altogether 140 (6.8%) men retired due to disability, mental disorders being the most common cause. The men who interrupted service had a remarkably higher cumulative incidence of disability retirement (18.9%). The associations between seeking medical advice during military service and all-cause disability retirement were similar across the three service time cohorts (overall hazard ratio 1.40 per one standard deviation of the number of visits; 95% confidence interval 1.26–1.56). Visits due to mental problems predicted disability retirement due to mental disorders in the men who served between 1987 and 1996 and a tendency for a similar cause-specific association was seen for musculoskeletal diseases in the men who served in 1967–1976. In conclusion, health problems—in particular mental problems—during late adolescence are strong determinants of disability retirement. Call-up examinations and military service provide access to the entire age cohort of men, where persons at risk for work disability can be identified and early preventive measures initiated. PMID:27533052

  20. Physical Punishment, Mental Health and Sense of Coherence among Parents of Children with Intellectual Disability in Japan

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kimura, Miyako; Yamazaki, Yoshihiko

    2016-01-01

    Background: Although sense of coherence (SOC) moderates parental stress, the relationship between SOC, parental mental health and physical punishment of children with intellectual disabilities remains uncertain. The present authors describe parental physical punishment towards children with intellectual disabilities and investigate its related…

  1. The State of the States in Developmental Disabilities. Fifth Edition.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Braddock, David; Hemp, Richard; Parish, Susan; Westrich, James

    This volume reports on the fifth nationwide survey of trends in mental retardation (MR) and developmental disabilities (DD). It begins with four chapters summarizing trends in the nation as a whole. The first chapter is "Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives" (David Braddock). This…

  2. Adolescent Attitudes toward Disabilities: What Every School Counselor Needs to Know

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    DeLambo, David A.; Chandras, Kananur V.; Homa, Debra; Chandras, Sunil V.

    2007-01-01

    This study examined high school attitudes toward persons with physical and mental disabilities using a social distance scale. Results indicated that physical disabilities (e.g., ulcer, stomach disorder, heart disease, visual impairment, hearing impairment, spinal cord injure) were rated as most accepted (excluding HIV/AIDS) and mental disabilities…

  3. 45 CFR 690.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... involving vulnerable populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons...

  4. 38 CFR 16.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... involving vulnerable populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons...

  5. 38 CFR 16.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... involving vulnerable populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons...

  6. 45 CFR 690.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

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    ... involving vulnerable populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons...

  7. 45 CFR 690.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... involving vulnerable populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons...

  8. 38 CFR 16.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... involving vulnerable populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons...

  9. 45 CFR 690.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... involving vulnerable populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons...

  10. 38 CFR 16.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... involving vulnerable populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons...

  11. 14 CFR § 1230.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... research involving vulnerable populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled..., such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or...

  12. Who Will Help My Son?: A Family's Journey with Dyslexia.

    PubMed

    DeBrew, Jacqueline

    2017-08-01

    It may seem unusual for a nurse to intervene and assist a child with a learning disability, but a mental health nurse who knows the warning signs of dyslexia is able to help families who are going through a difficult time. The current article details the author's experience regarding her son's dyslexia diagnosis. For her family, a nurse was a valuable resource. The impact the struggle had not only on her son, but also her family, and the changes brought about by getting a diagnosis and treatment, demonstrate the impact that nurses can have when family-focused care is provided. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 55(8), 27-30.]. Copyright 2017, SLACK Incorporated.

  13. Social inclusion and mental health.

    PubMed

    Cobigo, Virginie; Stuart, Heather

    2010-09-01

    Recent research on approaches to improving social inclusion for people with mental disabilities is reviewed. We describe four approaches (or tools) that can be used to improve social inclusion for people with mental disabilities: legislation, community-based supports and services, antistigma/antidiscrimination initiatives, and system monitoring and evaluation. While legislative solutions are the most prevalent, and provide an important framework to support social inclusion, research shows that their full implementation remains problematic. Community-based supports and services that are person-centered and recovery-oriented hold considerable promise, but they are not widely available nor have they been widely evaluated. Antistigma and antidiscrimination strategies are gaining in popularity and offer important avenues for eliminating social barriers and promoting adequate and equitable access to care. Finally, in the context of the current human rights and evidence-based health paradigms, systematic evidence will be needed to support efforts to promote social inclusion for people with mental disabilities, highlight social inequities, and develop best practice approaches. Tools that promote social inclusion of persons with mental disabilities are available, though not yet implemented in a way to fully realize the goals of current disability discourse.

  14. Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage.

    PubMed

    Jennett, B; Bond, M

    1975-03-01

    Persisting disability after brain damage usually comprises both mental and physical handicap. The mental component is often the more important in contributing to overall social disability. Lack of an objective scale leads to vague and over-optimistic estimates of outcome, which obscure the ultimate results of early management. A five-point scale is described--death, persistent vegetative state, severe disability, moderate disability, and good recovery. Duration as well as intensity of disability should be included in an index of ill-health; this applies particularly after head injury, because many disabled survivors are young.

  15. Risk markers of all-cause and diagnosis-specific disability pension--a prospective cohort study of individuals sickness absent due to stress-related mental disorders.

    PubMed

    Ishtiak-Ahmed, Kazi; Perski, Aleksander; Mittendorfer-Rutz, Ellenor

    2014-08-07

    Stress-related mental disorders rank among the leading causes of sickness absence in several European countries. The aim of this study was to investigate predictors of all-cause and diagnosis-specific disability pension in sickness absentees with stress-related mental disorders. A cohort of 36304 non-retired individuals aged 16-64 years at 31.12.2004 with at-least one sickness absence spell due to stress-related mental disorders (SRMD) initiated in 2005 in Sweden was followed-up with regard to disability pension (2006-2010) by linkage of registers. Uni- and multivariate Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% Confidence Intervals, CI, were estimated using Cox regression for several risk markers. During the follow-up period, 2735 individuals (7.5%) were granted a disability pension, predominantly due to mental diagnoses (n = 2004, 73.3%). In the multivariate analyses, female sex, age exceeding 35 years, low educational level, being born in a country outside EU25 and Northern Europe, residing outside big cities, living alone, having had a long duration of the first spell due to SRMD (>90 days); mental disorders necessitating frequent specialised health care as well as comorbid somatic disorders were found to be predictive of granting disability pension. Some different patterns emerged for risk factors related to diagnosis-specific disability pension and for younger and older individuals. Several predictors could be identified as risk markers for disability pension. The variation in the effect of risk markers with regard to age and diagnosis of disability pension speaks in favour of the importance of a person-centered approach in treatment and rehabilitation.

  16. Closing the mental health gap in low-income settings by building research capacity: perspectives from Mozambique.

    PubMed

    Sweetland, Annika C; Oquendo, Maria A; Sidat, Mohsin; Santos, Palmira F; Vermund, Sten H; Duarte, Cristiane S; Arbuckle, Melissa; Wainberg, Milton L

    2014-01-01

    Neuropsychiatric disorders are the leading cause of disability worldwide, accounting for 22.7% of all years lived with disability. Despite this global burden, fewer than 25% of affected individuals ever access mental health treatment; in low-income settings, access is much lower, although nonallopathic interventions through traditional healers are common in many venues. Three main barriers to reducing the gap between individuals who need mental health treatment and those who have access to it include stigma and lack of awareness, limited material and human resources, and insufficient research capacity. We argue that investment in dissemination and implementation research is critical to face these barriers. Dissemination and implementation research can improve mental health care in low-income settings by facilitating the adaptation of effective treatment interventions to new settings, particularly when adapting specialist-led interventions developed in high-resource countries to settings with few, if any, mental health professionals. Emerging evidence from other low-income settings suggests that lay providers can be trained to detect mental disorders and deliver basic psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological interventions when supervised by an expert. We describe a new North-South and South-South research partnership between Universidade Eduardo Mondlane (Mozambique), Columbia University (United States), Vanderbilt University (United States), and Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Brazil), to build research capacity in Mozambique and other Portuguese-speaking African countries. Mozambique has both the political commitment and available resources for mental health, but inadequate research capacity and workforce limits the country's ability to assess local needs, adapt and test interventions, and identify implementation strategies that can be used to effectively bring evidence-based mental health interventions to scale within the public sector. Global training and research partnerships are critical to building capacity, promoting bilateral learning between and among low- and high-income settings, ultimately reducing the mental health treatment gap worldwide. Copyright © 2014 Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  17. Mental health needs in adolescents with intellectual disabilities: cross-sectional survey of a service sample.

    PubMed

    Hassiotis, A; Turk, J

    2012-05-01

    Little research has been conducted on the mental health needs of adolescents with intellectual disability, despite the severity and rates of such needs being high throughout childhood and in adulthood. We have investigated the prevalence and predictors of mental health needs and service use in adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Service-based sample (n = 75) in one catchment area. Individual assessments were carried out. The main outcome was the presence of mental health needs measured by the Developmental Behaviour Checklist. Prevalence of mental health needs increased from 51% as reported by parents to 67% as judged by clinical interviews. Caseness was associated with low adaptive functioning, diagnosis of autism and family history of mental illness. High scores on parent reports of participant mental ill-health showed negative correlations with adaptive functioning scores. Most individuals were in receipt of social and health care. Half of the participants had sought help for mental health needs. Almost half of those receiving medication were on psychiatric medication. Adolescents with intellectual disabilities may have considerable mental health problems which are functionally impairing yet frequently unidentified and hence untreated. Identification of those at risk and undertaking of a comprehensive needs assessment are essential to maximize potential and quality of life and to reduce further deficits and social exclusion. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

  18. General Information Packet on Learning Disabilities.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    National Center for Learning Disabilities, Inc., New York, NY.

    This information packet provides an overview of learning disabilities. Information includes the following: (1) the definition of learning disability; (2) incidence of learning disabilities; (3) criteria used to decide whether a person has a learning disability; (4) common causes of learning disabilities; (5) the importance of early identification;…

  19. Interlocking oppressions: the effect of a comorbid physical disability on perceived stigma and discrimination among mental health consumers in Canada.

    PubMed

    Bahm, Allison; Forchuk, Cheryl

    2009-02-01

    People living with mental health problems often face stigma and discrimination; however, there is a lack of research that examines how comorbid conditions affect this perceived stigma. This study sought to determine whether people who have a comorbid physical and psychiatric disability experience more stigma than those with only a psychiatric disability. It also looked at how perceived stigma and discrimination affect physical and mental health. A secondary analysis on data from interviews with 336 former and current clients of the mental health system in a mid-size Canadian city in 2005 was performed. Of these, 203 (60.4%) reported they had a psychiatric disability, 112 (33.0%) reported that they had a physical disability, with 74 reporting both a psychiatric and a physical disability. People with a self-reported psychiatric disability and a self-reported comorbid physical disability faced more overall perceived discrimination/stigma (P = 0.04), than those with a psychiatric disability alone. Perceived discrimination/stigma was positively correlated with psychiatric problem severity (P = 0.02), and negatively correlated with self-rated general health (P < 0.001), physical condition (P < 0.001), emotional well-being (P < 0.001) and life satisfaction (P < 0.001). These results bring to light the aggravating effect of a physical disability on the perceived stigma for those living with a mental illness, and also strengthen the knowledge that stigma and discrimination have a negative impact on health. Healthcare providers should recognise this negative impact and screen for these comorbid conditions. Policy-makers should take measures such as improving access to housing and employment services to help reduce stigma and discrimination against this particularly vulnerable group.

  20. [Employment of People with Mental Disorders in Terms of the Policies Developed by the European and International Institutions].

    PubMed

    Joly, Laurène

    Objectives The aim of this article is to present an overview of the reflections led by various European and international organizations on the employment of people with mental disorders.Methods This study is based on data from websites of international organizations and interviews taken place with a disability specialist at the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and members of the European Commission.Results Unlike the French law of 11 February 2005 which refers expressly to psychic disability, this notion is not explicitly dedicated by various European and international legal rules. However, these standards like the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities have adopted the contemporary model which presents disability as the result of an interaction between person and environment. Thus they acknowledge that disabled people include people suffering from mental disorders because in the person's environment, a psychiatric impairment could lead to limitations of activities or restrictions of social participation that constitute a situation of disability of psychiatric origin. Therefore, the legal mechanisms often do not provide appropriate answers to the characteristics of psychiatric disability.Besides, negative attitudes, stereotypes and discrimination towards people with a psychiatric disability are still observed in the workplace, in spite of intensified anti-discrimination legislation.This study inventories the different proposals to remedy to substantial barriers to the employment of people with a psychiatric condition. In the European Union's strategy for increasing the employment of these persons, particular consideration is given to put forward a series of key recommendations to improve practices of reasonable accommodation in the workplace. Nonetheless, it must be emphasized that it is necessary to conceive adequate measures in order to take into account the changeability and the unpredictability of mental disorders. Indeed, situations of psychiatric disability require flexibility and reactivity more than any other situation of disability. The discrimination experienced by people with a psychiatric disability is likely to continue as long as specific responses are not implemented. In this perspective, ILO highlights a number of best practices addressing the challenges of psychiatric disabled people's employment. That is why a disability network was created to share knowledge. The great added value of this network is the opportunity to share best practices between companies, best practices between countries in order to increase the ability to include people with mental disorders. Focus is put on strategies to combat discrimination in employment, by raising awareness, exploring measures and good practices to improve mental health in the workplace.Conclusion Finally, this study shows similar challenges in the prevention of the mental health and the issue of the psychiatric handicap, including to remedy to the insufficient attention paid to provide reasonable accommodation to persons with mental disorders.

  1. The Myth of Mental Retardation: Paradigm Shifts, Disaggregation, and Developmental Disabilities.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Smith, J. David

    2002-01-01

    This commentary discusses whether the American Association on Mental Retardation should change its name. It argues that the term "mental retardation" should become an historical artifact of the evolution of our thinking about children and adults with developmental disabilities. The plurality of the term "developmental…

  2. Special Education for Mentally Handicapped Pupils--A Teaching Manual. Revised Edition.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Miles, Christine

    This book describes the state of special education for students with mental disabilities in Pakistan and attempts to introduce beginning teachers to special education practice. The general nature and causes of mental disabilities are discussed, including emotional problems, genetic factors, and brain damage. Teaching methods are described,…

  3. 40 CFR 26.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

  4. 49 CFR 11.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

  5. 45 CFR 46.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ..., pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons. (4... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

  6. 49 CFR 11.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

  7. 28 CFR 46.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

  8. 49 CFR 11.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

  9. 34 CFR 97.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

  10. 40 CFR 26.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

  11. 22 CFR 225.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

  12. 45 CFR 46.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ..., pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons. (4... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

  13. 22 CFR 225.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

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    ..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

  14. 40 CFR 26.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

  15. 28 CFR 46.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

  16. 34 CFR 97.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

  17. 28 CFR 46.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

  18. 22 CFR 225.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

  19. 45 CFR 46.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ..., pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons. (4... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

  20. 49 CFR 11.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

  1. 45 CFR 46.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ..., pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons. (4... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

  2. 22 CFR 225.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

  3. 34 CFR 97.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

  4. 34 CFR 97.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

  5. 40 CFR 26.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

  6. 28 CFR 46.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

  7. IQ and mental health are vital predictors of work drop out and early mortality. Multi-state analyses of Norwegian male conscripts

    PubMed Central

    Tveito, Torill H.; Reme, Silje E.; Eriksen, Hege R.

    2017-01-01

    Background Disability benefits and sick leave benefits represents huge costs in western countries. The pathways and prognostic factors for receiving these benefits seen in recent years are complex and manifold. We postulate that mental health and IQ, both alone and concurrent, influence subsequent employment status, disability benefits and mortality. Methods A cohort of 918 888 Norwegian men was followed for 16 years from the age of 20 to 55. Risk for health benefits, emigration, and mortality were studied. Indicators of mental health and IQ at military enrolment were used as potential risk factors. Multi-state models were used to analyze transitions between employment, sick leave, time limited benefits, disability benefits, emigration, and mortality. Results During follow up, there were a total of 3 908 397 transitions between employment and different health benefits, plus 12 607 deaths. Men with low IQ (below 85), without any mental health problems at military enrolment, had an increased probability of receiving disability benefits before the age of 35 (HRR = 4.06, 95% CI: 3.88–4.26) compared to men with average IQ (85 to 115) and no mental health problems. For men with both low IQ and mental health problems, there was an excessive probability of receiving disability benefits before the age of 35 (HRR = 14.37, 95% CI: 13.59–15.19), as well as an increased probability for time limited benefits and death before the age of 35 compared to men with average IQ (85 to 115) and no mental health problems. Conclusion Low IQ and mental health problems are strong predictors of future disability benefits and early mortality for young men. PMID:28683088

  8. IQ and mental health are vital predictors of work drop out and early mortality. Multi-state analyses of Norwegian male conscripts.

    PubMed

    Lie, Stein Atle; Tveito, Torill H; Reme, Silje E; Eriksen, Hege R

    2017-01-01

    Disability benefits and sick leave benefits represents huge costs in western countries. The pathways and prognostic factors for receiving these benefits seen in recent years are complex and manifold. We postulate that mental health and IQ, both alone and concurrent, influence subsequent employment status, disability benefits and mortality. A cohort of 918 888 Norwegian men was followed for 16 years from the age of 20 to 55. Risk for health benefits, emigration, and mortality were studied. Indicators of mental health and IQ at military enrolment were used as potential risk factors. Multi-state models were used to analyze transitions between employment, sick leave, time limited benefits, disability benefits, emigration, and mortality. During follow up, there were a total of 3 908 397 transitions between employment and different health benefits, plus 12 607 deaths. Men with low IQ (below 85), without any mental health problems at military enrolment, had an increased probability of receiving disability benefits before the age of 35 (HRR = 4.06, 95% CI: 3.88-4.26) compared to men with average IQ (85 to 115) and no mental health problems. For men with both low IQ and mental health problems, there was an excessive probability of receiving disability benefits before the age of 35 (HRR = 14.37, 95% CI: 13.59-15.19), as well as an increased probability for time limited benefits and death before the age of 35 compared to men with average IQ (85 to 115) and no mental health problems. Low IQ and mental health problems are strong predictors of future disability benefits and early mortality for young men.

  9. A national survey on violence and discrimination among people with disabilities.

    PubMed

    Dammeyer, Jesper; Chapman, Madeleine

    2018-03-15

    The aim of the study was to quantify levels of violence and discrimination among people with disabilities and analyze the effects of gender and the type and degree of disability. The study analyzed data on self-reported violence and discrimination from a Danish national survey of 18,019 citizens, of whom 4519 reported a physical disability and 1398 reported a mental disability. Individuals with disabilities reported significantly higher levels of violence than those without. Specifically, individuals reporting a mental disability reported higher levels of violence and discrimination. Significant gender differences were found with regard to type of violence: while men with disabilities were more likely to report physical violence, women with disabilities were more likely to report major sexual violence, humiliation and discrimination. Neither severity nor visibility of disability was found to be a significant factor for risk of violence. This large-scale study lends support to existing research showing that people with disabilities are at greater risk of violence than people without disabilities. Further, the study found that people with mental disabilities were significantly more likely to report all types of violence and discrimination than those with physical disabilities. The findings also show that gender is significant in explaining the type of violence experienced and the experience of discrimination.

  10. Diagnostic overshadowing in a population of children with neurological disabilities: A cross sectional descriptive study on acquired ADHD.

    PubMed

    Hendriksen, J G M; Peijnenborgh, J C A W; Aldenkamp, A P; Vles, J S H

    2015-09-01

    Diagnostic overshadowing refers to the underdiagnosis of comorbid conditions in children with known neurological diagnoses. To demonstrate diagnostic overshadowing we determined the prevalence of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) in a cohort of children with a wide range of neurological disabilities. The study cohort consisted of 685 children (mean age 10.3 years, SD: 3.1; 425 boys and 260 girls) who visited a tertiary outpatient multidisciplinary clinic for neurological learning disabilities. Patients with ADHD were identified by retrospective chart review using DSM-IV criteria. The prevalence of ADHD in this cohort was 38.8% (266 children); of these children only 28.2% (75 children) were diagnosed with ADHD before referral. ADHD is a common problem in children with neurological disabilities and may be underdiagnosed due to overshadowing of somatic, physical or syndromal features of the disability. In our heterogeneous population ADHD was overshadowed in 71.8% of the cases. This finding may have important implications for diagnosis and treatment of mental health needs in children with neurological disabilities. Copyright © 2015 European Paediatric Neurology Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  11. 7 CFR 1c.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

  12. 7 CFR 1c.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

  13. 7 CFR 1c.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

  14. 7 CFR 1c.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ..., prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons... coercion or undue influence, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or...

  15. [Children with learning disabilities and handicaps in inclusive schools or in special schools? The view of parents and professionals].

    PubMed

    Bode, H; Hirner, V

    2013-03-01

    To investigate the view of parents and professionals on sending children with special educational needs to inclusive schools. 54 preschool children in the year before school entry and 155 school children attending a Social Pediatric Center. They displayed motor-, mental-, speech- or sensory handicaps, learning or behavioral disabilities. Questionnaires for parents of preschool- and of school children and questionnaires for the professional caring for the child were evaluated and compared. Parental expectations, experiences concerning school and the severity of disability were determined. 135 pupils attended special schools and 20 integrative schools. The parents were generally very content with both types of schools despite the fact that 33% of parents had not have a free choice of the school. They had a positive attitude to inclusive education. Preference for inclusive schooling decreased with increasing severity of the child's disability. The severity of disability was rated similar by parents and by professionals. Parents of preschool children tended more often and parents of school children less often than professionals towards sending the individual child to an inclusive school. Some parents of children with special educational needs would like to send their child to a special school, others prefer inclusive schools. It is paramount to improve the professional advice and guidance to parents since parental options to choose the school for their child are increasing in Germany. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

  16. Supportive Psychotherapy with the Dual Diagnosis Patient

    PubMed Central

    2008-01-01

    Psychiatrists and other mental health professionals can offer much in the care of patients with intellectual disabilities, including state-of-the-art medication regimens, psychotherapy, and other behavior therapies. Individuals with intellectual disabilities experience the full range of mental illnesses, but are often thought to be incapable of participating in or responding to psychotherapy. The following composite cases illustrate some of the psychotherapy techniques employed in a community psychiatry setting that serves patients with intellectual disabilities and co-occurring mental illness. PMID:19727299

  17. Violent Video Games and the Military: Recruitment, Training, and Treating Mental Disability

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Derby, John

    2014-01-01

    This article adds to the small collection of art education studies on video games (Parks, 2008; Patton, 2013; Sweeny, 2010) by critically examining the association between violent video games, the U.S. military, and mental disability--from a critical disability studies perspective. Derby overviews the controversies surrounding violent video games…

  18. 26 CFR 1.1202-0 - Table of contents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ...) Exceptions for termination of services, death, disability or mental incompetency, or divorce. (1) Termination of services. (2) Death. (3) Disability or mental incompetency. (4) Divorce. (e) Effective date. [T.D...

  19. 26 CFR 1.1202-0 - Table of contents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ...) Exceptions for termination of services, death, disability or mental incompetency, or divorce. (1) Termination of services. (2) Death. (3) Disability or mental incompetency. (4) Divorce. (e) Effective date. [T.D...

  20. 26 CFR 1.1202-0 - Table of contents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ...) Exceptions for termination of services, death, disability or mental incompetency, or divorce. (1) Termination of services. (2) Death. (3) Disability or mental incompetency. (4) Divorce. (e) Effective date. [T.D...

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