A Resource Guide for Information/Library Education in Developing Countries.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zahari, Noor Liza Ahmad

This annotated guide to resources on library and information science education in developing countries includes materials on library schools, training and education of library staff, and the progress of libraries in specific countries. Materials in the guide were selected from the indexes of Library Literature, Library and Information Science…

36 CFR 701.6 - Loans of library materials for blind and other physically handicapped persons.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Loans of library materials... Property LIBRARY OF CONGRESS PROCEDURES AND SERVICES § 701.6 Loans of library materials for blind and other physically handicapped persons. (a) Program. In connection with the Library's program of service under the...

36 CFR 701.6 - Loans of library materials for blind and other physically handicapped persons.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Loans of library materials... Property LIBRARY OF CONGRESS PROCEDURES AND SERVICES § 701.6 Loans of library materials for blind and other physically handicapped persons. (a) Program. In connection with the Library's program of service under the...

Conservation of Library Materials.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Illinois Libraries, 1985

1985-01-01

Twelve articles cover books as artifacts; workstations for conservation of library materials; care of scrapbooks, albums, and photographs; map preservation; library environment; flood recovery; disaster prevention and preparedness; incorporating preservation into library organization; and bibliography of Chester Public Library (Illinois) First…

Guided wave methods and apparatus for nonlinear frequency generation

DOEpatents

Durfee, III, Charles G.; Rundquist, Andrew; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.

2000-01-01

Methods and apparatus are disclosed for the nonlinear generation of sum and difference frequencies of electromagnetic radiation propagating in a nonlinear material. A waveguide having a waveguide cavity contains the nonlinear material. Phase matching of the nonlinear generation is obtained by adjusting a waveguide propagation constant, the refractive index of the nonlinear material, or the waveguide mode in which the radiation propagates. Phase matching can be achieved even in isotropic nonlinear materials. A short-wavelength radiation source uses phase-matched nonlinear generation in a waveguide to produce high harmonics of a pulsed laser.

User's manual for GAMNAS: Geometric and Material Nonlinear Analysis of Structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Whitcomb, J. D.; Dattaguru, B.

1984-01-01

GAMNAS (Geometric and Material Nonlinear Analysis of Structures) is a two dimensional finite-element stress analysis program. Options include linear, geometric nonlinear, material nonlinear, and combined geometric and material nonlinear analysis. The theory, organization, and use of GAMNAS are described. Required input data and results for several sample problems are included.

36 CFR § 701.6 - Loans of library materials for blind and other physically handicapped persons.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Loans of library materials for... Property LIBRARY OF CONGRESS PROCEDURES AND SERVICES § 701.6 Loans of library materials for blind and other physically handicapped persons. (a) Program. In connection with the Library's program of service under the...

An Overview of the History of Library Science Teaching Materials.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Metzger, Philip A.

1986-01-01

This introduction to, and overview of, history of library science instructional materials covers the Williamson Report, teaching materials from early Columbia days onward, American Library Association book publishing activity, media in curricula and library school publication of syllabi, commercial publishing of textbooks, and periodicals in…

Resolutions of the Seminar on the Acquisition of Latin American Library Materials and List of Committees (15th, University of Toronto Library, Ontario, Canada, June 23-26, 1970).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Organization of American States, Washington, DC.

The resolutions of the 15th Seminar on the Acquisition of Latin American Library Materials (SALALM) cover the following topics: (1) Acquisitions Matters; (2) Reproduction of Library Materials and Computer Technology; (3) Archives and Manuscripts; (4) Bibliographic Matters; (5) Library Organization, Personnel and Research; (6) SALALM Organizational…

The Recognition of Depreciation of Library Materials.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carpenter, Michael; Millican, Rita

1991-01-01

Discussion of the depreciation of assets for nonprofit organizations focuses on a study conducted at the Louisiana State University Law Library to determine the cost basis for depreciation of library materials. Determining the useful life of the library materials is described and various methods of depreciation are explained. (five references)…

Nonlinear optical properties of organic materials V; Proceedings of the 5th Meeting, San Diego, CA, July 22-24, 1992

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Williams, David J.

The present volume on nonlinear optical properties of organic materials discusses organic nonlinear optics, polymers for nonlinear optics, characterization of nonlinear properties, photorefractive and second-order materials, harmonic generation in organic materials, and devices and applications. Particular attention is given to organic semiconductor-doped polymer glasses as novel nonlinear media, heterocyclic nonlinear optical materials, loss measurements in electrooptic polymer waveguides, the phase-matched second-harmonic generation in planar waveguides, electrooptic measurements in poled polymers, transient effects in spatial light modulation by nonlinearity-absorbing molecules, the electrooptic effects in organic single crystals, surface acoustic wave propagation in an organic nonlinear optical crystal, nonlinear optics of astaxanthin thin films; and advanced high-temperature polymers for integrated optical waveguides. (No individual items are abstracted in this volume)

Public Library Materials Conservation Project.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lowell, Howard P.

The Massachusetts Public Library Materials Conservation Project was a year-long program sponsored by the Massachusetts Bureau of Library Extension and conducted by the New England document Conservation Center (NEDCC) under a grant from Title I, Library Services and Construction Act. Its purposes were to provide public library administrators,…

Umberto Eco on Libraries: A Discussion of "De Biblioteca."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Winter, Michael F.

1994-01-01

Discusses a scholar's reactions to libraries made by Umberto Eco in "De Biblioteca." Topics addressed include functions of libraries, including collecting; accessibility of materials; the scholar's creative use of libraries, and discovering materials not looked for or known about; North American research libraries; photocopying; and…

NASTRAN thermal analyzer: Theory and application including a guide to modeling engineering problems, volume 2. [sample problem library guide

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jackson, C. E., Jr.

1977-01-01

A sample problem library containing 20 problems covering most facets of Nastran Thermal Analyzer modeling is presented. Areas discussed include radiative interchange, arbitrary nonlinear loads, transient temperature and steady-state structural plots, temperature-dependent conductivities, simulated multi-layer insulation, and constraint techniques. The use of the major control options and important DMAP alters is demonstrated.

Electronic reserves: copyright and permissions

PubMed Central

Graves, Karen J.

2000-01-01

Electronic reserves present a new service option for libraries to provide needed materials during hours that the library is not open and to user groups located some distance from library collections. Possible changes to current copyright law and publishers permissions policies have delayed the development of electronic reserves in many libraries. This paper reviews the current state of electronic reserves materials in the publishing and library communities and presents the results of a survey of publishers to determine permissions policies for electronic materials. Issues of concern to both libraries and publishers are discussed. PMID:10658960

36 CFR 701.2 - Acquisition of Library material by non-purchase means.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Acquisition of Library material by non-purchase means. 701.2 Section 701.2 Parks, Forests, and Public Property LIBRARY OF CONGRESS PROCEDURES AND SERVICES § 701.2 Acquisition of Library material by non-purchase means. (a) Gifts. It is the...

36 CFR 701.2 - Acquisition of Library material by non-purchase means.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Acquisition of Library material by non-purchase means. 701.2 Section 701.2 Parks, Forests, and Public Property LIBRARY OF CONGRESS PROCEDURES AND SERVICES § 701.2 Acquisition of Library material by non-purchase means. (a) Gifts. It is the...

36 CFR 701.2 - Acquisition of Library material by non-purchase means.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Acquisition of Library material by non-purchase means. 701.2 Section 701.2 Parks, Forests, and Public Property LIBRARY OF CONGRESS PROCEDURES AND SERVICES § 701.2 Acquisition of Library material by non-purchase means. (a) Gifts. It is the...

76 FR 35918 - Nixon Presidential Historical Materials; Opening of Materials

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-20

... by the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, a division of the National Archives and Records... Historical Materials. DATES: The Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum intends to make the materials described in this notice available to the public on Wednesday, July 20, 2011, at the Richard Nixon Library...

The Austrialian National Chinese Japanese Korean Project

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Groom, Linda

1994-01-01

Providing access to Asian-language materials has always been a problem for libraries. There are particular difficulties in acquiring Asian materials, in cataloguing them and providing access, and in incorporating them in library systems. There is, however, an urgent and growing need for access to Asian materials. Part of the response of the Australian library community to the difficulties and to the increasing need has been the Australian National CJK (Chinese, Japanese and Korean) Project. The CJK Project is a co-operative project involving seven Australian universities and the National Library of Australia. Membership is expected to grow to include other Australian research libraries, some public research libraries and some overseas libraries.

Frequency Response of Synthetic Vocal Fold Models with Linear and Nonlinear Material Properties

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shaw, Stephanie M.; Thomson, Scott L.; Dromey, Christopher; Smith, Simeon

2012-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to create synthetic vocal fold models with nonlinear stress-strain properties and to investigate the effect of linear versus nonlinear material properties on fundamental frequency (F[subscript 0]) during anterior-posterior stretching. Method: Three materially linear and 3 materially nonlinear models were…

Calibrating Nonlinear Soil Material Properties for Seismic Analysis Using Soil Material Properties Intended for Linear Analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Spears, Robert Edward; Coleman, Justin Leigh

2015-08-01

Seismic analysis of nuclear structures is routinely performed using guidance provided in “Seismic Analysis of Safety-Related Nuclear Structures and Commentary (ASCE 4, 1998).” This document, which is currently under revision, provides detailed guidance on linear seismic soil-structure-interaction (SSI) analysis of nuclear structures. To accommodate the linear analysis, soil material properties are typically developed as shear modulus and damping ratio versus cyclic shear strain amplitude. A new Appendix in ASCE 4-2014 (draft) is being added to provide guidance for nonlinear time domain SSI analysis. To accommodate the nonlinear analysis, a more appropriate form of the soil material properties includes shear stressmore » and energy absorbed per cycle versus shear strain. Ideally, nonlinear soil model material properties would be established with soil testing appropriate for the nonlinear constitutive model being used. However, much of the soil testing done for SSI analysis is performed for use with linear analysis techniques. Consequently, a method is described in this paper that uses soil test data intended for linear analysis to develop nonlinear soil material properties. To produce nonlinear material properties that are equivalent to the linear material properties, the linear and nonlinear model hysteresis loops are considered. For equivalent material properties, the shear stress at peak shear strain and energy absorbed per cycle should match when comparing the linear and nonlinear model hysteresis loops. Consequently, nonlinear material properties are selected based on these criteria.« less

GLCF: Library

Science.gov Websites

Global Land Cover Facility About GLCF Research Publications Data & Products Gallery Library Services Contact Site Map Go Library Documents Proposal Reports Publications FAQ Display Materials Release News Archive Library * Display Materials * Documents * News Archive * Software e-link 4321

36 CFR § 701.2 - Acquisition of Library material by non-purchase means.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Acquisition of Library material by non-purchase means. § 701.2 Section § 701.2 Parks, Forests, and Public Property LIBRARY OF CONGRESS PROCEDURES AND SERVICES § 701.2 Acquisition of Library material by non-purchase means. (a) Gifts...

Advances in nonlinear optical materials and devices

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Byer, Robert L.

1991-01-01

The recent progress in the application of nonlinear techniques to extend the frequency of laser sources has come from the joint progress in laser sources and in nonlinear materials. A brief summary of the progress in diode pumped solid state lasers is followed by an overview of progress in nonlinear frequency extension by harmonic generation and parametric processes. Improved nonlinear materials including bulk crystals, quasiphasematched interactions, guided wave devices, and quantum well intersubband studies are discussed with the idea of identifying areas of future progress in nonlinear materials and devices.

Leisure reading collections in academic health sciences and science libraries: results of visits to seven libraries.

PubMed

Watson, Erin M

2014-03-01

To visit leisure reading collections in academic science and health sciences libraries to determine how they function and what role they play in their libraries. The author visited seven libraries with leisure reading collections and carried out a semistructured interview with those responsible either for selection of materials or for the establishment of the collection. These collections contained a variety of materials, with some libraries focusing on health-science-related materials and others on providing recreational reading. The size of the collections also varied, from 186 to 9700 books, with corresponding differences in budget size. All collections were housed apart, with the same loan period as the regular collection. No collections contained electronic materials. Although there was little comparable statistical data on usage, at the six libraries at which active selection was occurring, librarians and library staff felt that the collection was well used and felt that it provided library users with benefits such as stress relief and relaxation and exposure to other perspectives. Librarians and library staff at the libraries that undertook active selection felt that their leisure reading collection was worthwhile. It would be interesting for future work to focus on the user experience of such collections. © 2013 The author. Health Information and Libraries Journal © 2013 Health Libraries Group.

Scholarly Citadel in Chicago: The Center for Research Libraries.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boylan, Ray

1979-01-01

The Center provides access to infrequently used research materials in three interrelated ways: (1) it provides a deposit library for such materials from the collections of member libraries; (2) it acquires such materials at members' shared expense and for their common use; and (3) it provides rapid access to its collection materials. (Author/JD)

Optimization of wood plastic composite decks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ravivarman, S.; Venkatesh, G. S.; Karmarkar, A.; Shivkumar N., D.; Abhilash R., M.

2018-04-01

Wood Plastic Composite (WPC) is a new class of natural fibre based composite material that contains plastic matrix reinforced with wood fibres or wood flour. In the present work, Wood Plastic Composite was prepared with 70-wt% of wood flour reinforced in polypropylene matrix. Mechanical characterization of the composite was done by carrying out laboratory tests such as tensile test and flexural test as per the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. Computer Aided Design (CAD) model of the laboratory test specimen (tensile test) was created and explicit finite element analysis was carried out on the finite element model in non-linear Explicit FE code LS - DYNA. The piecewise linear plasticity (MAT 24) material model was identified as a suitable model in LS-DYNA material library, describing the material behavior of the developed composite. The composite structures for decking application in construction industry were then optimized for cross sectional area and distance between two successive supports (span length) by carrying out various numerical experiments in LS-DYNA. The optimized WPC deck (Elliptical channel-2 E10) has 45% reduced weight than the baseline model (solid cross-section) considered in this study with the load carrying capacity meeting acceptance criterion (allowable deflection & stress) for outdoor decking application.

The Identification and Role of School Libraries that Function as Instructional Materials Centers and Implications for Library Education in the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lohrer, Alice

In 1961, the American Association of School Librarians requested a status study to identify elementary, junior and senior high school library programs which serve as instructional materials centers (IMC). An IMC library provides all types of instructional materials and services for teachers and pupils. Initial findings, which were tabulated after…

Challenges to Library Materials from Principals in United States Secondary Schools--A "Victory" of Sorts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hopkins, Dianne McAfee

1995-01-01

Examines challenges to school library materials initiated by principals in public middle, junior, and senior high school libraries based on a 1990 survey. A review of literature emphasizing the leadership of principals, their role in school library program development, and the principal and school library censorship is included. (Author/LRW)

36 CFR § 701.3 - Methods of disposition of surplus and/or duplicate materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... surplus and/or duplicate materials. § 701.3 Section § 701.3 Parks, Forests, and Public Property LIBRARY... materials. (a) Exchange. All libraries may make selections on an exchange basis from the materials available... be exchanged with dealers. Offers of exchange submitted by libraries shall be submitted to the Chief...

Absolutism on Access and Confidentiality: Principled or Irresponsible?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sheerin, William E.

1991-01-01

Discusses issues involved in public access to library materials and facilities and patron confidentiality. Topics discussed include children's access to adult materials; parents' right to know about their children's materials; First and Fourth Amendment protections; the Library Bill of Rights; and American Library Association (ALA) documents that…

The Practice of Conservation of Library Materials in Sub-Saharan Africa. Monograph on Africana Librarianship No. 3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ojo-Igbinoba, M. E.

This document is concerned with the practice of conservation of library materials in African university libraries south of the Sahara and north of the Limpopo. Data were collected using a questionnaire mailed to 42 university libraries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Responses were received from 27 libraries for a 64% response rate. Data analysis was…

Preservation of Library Materials. SPEC Kit 35.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Association of Research Libraries, Washington, DC. Office of Management Studies.

This Association of Research Libraries (ARL) kit on preservation of library materials contains: (1) descriptions of preservation programs and objectives from Boston University, the University of Michigan, University of Wisconsin, and University of California at Los Angeles; (2) a description of the Library of Congress' National Preservation…

Diode end pumped laser and harmonic generator using same

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Byer, Robert L. (Inventor); Dixon, George J. (Inventor); Kane, Thomas J. (Inventor)

1988-01-01

A second harmonic, optical generator is disclosed in which a laser diode produces an output pumping beam which is focused by means of a graded, refractive index rod lens into a rod of lasant material, such as Nd:YAG, disposed within an optical resonator to pump the lasant material and to excite the optical resonator at a fundamental wavelength. A non-linear electro-optic material such as MgO:LiNbO.sub.3 is coupled to the excited, fundamental mode of the optical resonator to produce a non-linear interaction with the fundamental wavelength producing a harmonic. In one embodiment, the gain medium and the non-linear material are disposed within an optical resonator defined by a pair of reflectors, one of which is formed on a face of the gain medium and the second of which is formed on a face of the non-linear medium. In another embodiment, the non-linear, electro-optic material is doped with the lasant ion such that the gain medium and the non-linear doubling material are co-extensive in volume. In another embodiment, a non-linear, doubling material is disposed in an optical resonator external of the laser gai medium for improved stability of the second harmonic generation process. In another embodiment, the laser gain medium andthe non-linear material are bonded together by means of an optically transparent cement to form a mechanically stable, monolithic structure. In another embodiment, the non-linear material has reflective faces formed thereon to define a ring resonator to decouple reflections from the non-linear medium back to the gain medium for improved stability.

Library Educators' Awareness and Evaluation of National Audiovisual Center Materials.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Palmer, Joseph W.

1980-01-01

Describes a survey of 18 library schools conducted to determine if faculty are familiar with audiovisual materials available from the National Audiovisual Center, and how these materials are rated in quality. Results indicate that there is a need for more descriptive and evaluative information to reach library educators. (BK)

42 CFR 4.5 - Use of materials from the collections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE § 4.5 Use of materials from the collections. (a) Unrestricted materials... any interested person only in facilities provided by the Library for this purpose. The Director may prescribe additional reasonable rules to assure the most effective use of the Library's resources by health...

42 CFR 4.5 - Use of materials from the collections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE § 4.5 Use of materials from the collections. (a) Unrestricted materials... any interested person only in facilities provided by the Library for this purpose. The Director may prescribe additional reasonable rules to assure the most effective use of the Library's resources by health...

7 CFR 505.2 - Fees for loans, copying, and reproduction of materials in library collections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... in library collections. 505.2 Section 505.2 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL LIBRARY FEES FOR LOANS AND COPYING § 505.2 Fees for loans, copying, and reproduction of materials in library collections...

7 CFR 505.2 - Fees for loans, copying, and reproduction of materials in library collections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... in library collections. 505.2 Section 505.2 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL LIBRARY FEES FOR LOANS AND COPYING § 505.2 Fees for loans, copying, and reproduction of materials in library collections...

NSUF Irradiated Materials Library

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cole, James Irvin

The Nuclear Science User Facilities has been in the process of establishing an innovative Irradiated Materials Library concept for maximizing the value of previous and on-going materials and nuclear fuels irradiation test campaigns, including utilization of real-world components retrieved from current and decommissioned reactors. When the ATR national scientific user facility was established in 2007 one of the goals of the program was to establish a library of irradiated samples for users to access and conduct research through competitively reviewed proposal process. As part of the initial effort, staff at the user facility identified legacy materials from previous programs thatmore » are still being stored in laboratories and hot-cell facilities at the INL. In addition other materials of interest were identified that are being stored outside the INL that the current owners have volunteered to enter into the library. Finally, over the course of the last several years, the ATR NSUF has irradiated more than 3500 specimens as part of NSUF competitively awarded research projects. The Logistics of managing this large inventory of highly radioactive poses unique challenges. This document will describe materials in the library, outline the policy for accessing these materials and put forth a strategy for making new additions to the library as well as establishing guidelines for minimum pedigree needed to be included in the library to limit the amount of material stored indefinitely without identified value.« less

Methods for Large-Scale Nonlinear Optimization.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-05-01

STANFORD, CALIFORNIA 94305 METHODS FOR LARGE-SCALE NONLINEAR OPTIMIZATION by Philip E. Gill, Waiter Murray, I Michael A. Saunden, and Masgaret H. Wright...typical iteration can be partitioned so that where B is an m X m basise matrix. This partition effectively divides the vari- ables into three classes... attention is given to the standard of the coding or the documentation. A much better way of obtaining mathematical software is from a software library

How Does the Secondary School Library Become an Instructional Materials Center? Personnel, Program, Materials, Housing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rogers, Margaret

1968-01-01

Objectives of this paper are: (1) to provide a practical point of view, based on experience of library and audiovisual practitioners, for expanding secondary school library programs into instructional materials center programs as demanded by instructional programs involving flexible scheduling, inquiry, and independent study; (2) to provide an…

36 CFR 701.3 - Methods of disposition of surplus and/or duplicate materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... organizations in the United States. It is the Library's policy, in keeping with the Federal Property and... surplus and/or duplicate materials. 701.3 Section 701.3 Parks, Forests, and Public Property LIBRARY OF...) Exchange. All libraries may make selections on an exchange basis from the materials available in the...

36 CFR 701.3 - Methods of disposition of surplus and/or duplicate materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... surplus and/or duplicate materials. 701.3 Section 701.3 Parks, Forests, and Public Property LIBRARY OF...) Exchange. All libraries may make selections on an exchange basis from the materials available in the... with dealers. Offers of exchange submitted by libraries shall be submitted to the Chief of the African...

36 CFR 701.3 - Methods of disposition of surplus and/or duplicate materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... surplus and/or duplicate materials. 701.3 Section 701.3 Parks, Forests, and Public Property LIBRARY OF...) Exchange. All libraries may make selections on an exchange basis from the materials available in the... with dealers. Offers of exchange submitted by libraries shall be submitted to the Chief of the African...

36 CFR 701.3 - Methods of disposition of surplus and/or duplicate materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... surplus and/or duplicate materials. 701.3 Section 701.3 Parks, Forests, and Public Property LIBRARY OF...) Exchange. All libraries may make selections on an exchange basis from the materials available in the... with dealers. Offers of exchange submitted by libraries shall be submitted to the Chief of the African...

78 FR 42805 - Nixon Presidential Historical Materials: Opening of Materials

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-17

... Library in Yorba Linda. The newly released tapes will also be available on August 21, 2013 on the Web at... Nixon Presidential Historical Materials by the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, a division... required by law, including the PRMPA. DATES: The Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum intends to...

IFLA General Conference, 1984. Special Libraries Division. Section on Geography and Map Libraries. Papers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

International Federation of Library Associations, The Hague (Netherlands).

This document comprises two papers on geography and map libraries and cartographic materials which were presented at the 1984 IFLA general conference. "Cartographic Materials as a Resource for National and Regional Planning and Development," by E. Hans van de Waal (Utrecht), addresses the importance of cartographic materials for…

Libraries and Instructional Materials Centers. Educational Facilities Review Series Number 13.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baas, Alan M.

The concept of the instructional materials center (IMC) has evolved in response to the limitations of the traditional single-resource library. The IMC is an organizational solution for integrating traditional library services with the variety of multimedia devices and materials necessary to contemporary educational practice. The concept grew from…

Teaching Librarians To Teach: A Course in Library Use Instruction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilson, Lizabeth

This packet of materials is a compilation of materials from the "Library Use Instruction" class (LIS 450AC) in the Graduate School of Library and Information Science at the University of Illinois. This half-credit course, which is designed to prepare librarians to teach library skills to users, reviews the history of bibliographic…

Reexamining Content-Enriched Access: Its Effect on Usage and Discovery

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tosaka, Yuji; Weng, Cathy

2011-01-01

Content-enriched metadata in bibliographic records is considered helpful to library users in identifying and selecting library materials for their needs. The paper presents a study, using circulation data from a medium-sized academic library, of the effect of content-enriched records on library materials usage. The study also examines OPAC search…

36 CFR 701.2 - Acquisition of Library material by non-purchase means.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... policy of the Library of Congress to foster the enrichment of its collections through gifts of materials within the terms of the Library's acquisitions policies. In implementing this policy, division chiefs and... accompanied by a signed Agreement of Deposit. (2) It is the policy of the Library of Congress to accept...

7 CFR 505.3 - Fees for paper copying, duplicating, and reproduction of materials in library collections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... of materials in library collections. 505.3 Section 505.3 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL LIBRARY... in library collections. (a) Photocopy reproduction of paper copy will be set as a flat fee of $13.00...

7 CFR 505.3 - Fees for paper copying, duplicating, and reproduction of materials in library collections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... of materials in library collections. 505.3 Section 505.3 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL LIBRARY... in library collections. (a) Photocopy reproduction of paper copy will be set as a flat fee of $13.00...

7 CFR 505.3 - Fees for paper copying, duplicating, and reproduction of materials in library collections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... of materials in library collections. 505.3 Section 505.3 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL LIBRARY... in library collections. (a) Photocopy reproduction of paper copy will be set as a flat fee of $13.00...

Study on Mass Conservation Techniques for Treatment of Library and Archives Material.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wachter, Wolfgang, Ed.

This document outlines the present state of development in mass restoration of library and archive materials and relates it to the economic, technical, and aesthetic aspects of various conservation and restoration methods, and discusses their implications for the formation of preservation policies in libraries. Ill effects to library materials…

Selecting and Acquiring Library Materials for Chinese Studies in Academic Libraries

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wei, Karen T.

2004-01-01

Focusing on academic libraries in North America, this article describes the selection and acquisition of library materials for Chinese Studies from the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. It provides an historical overview of the Chinese book publishing and exporting practice, identifies and evaluates current online and printed…

Peregrine: A rapid and unbiased method to produce strand-specific RNA-Seq libraries from small quantities of starting material.

PubMed

Langevin, Stanley A; Bent, Zachary W; Solberg, Owen D; Curtis, Deanna J; Lane, Pamela D; Williams, Kelly P; Schoeniger, Joseph S; Sinha, Anupama; Lane, Todd W; Branda, Steven S

2013-04-01

Use of second generation sequencing (SGS) technologies for transcriptional profiling (RNA-Seq) has revolutionized transcriptomics, enabling measurement of RNA abundances with unprecedented specificity and sensitivity and the discovery of novel RNA species. Preparation of RNA-Seq libraries requires conversion of the RNA starting material into cDNA flanked by platform-specific adaptor sequences. Each of the published methods and commercial kits currently available for RNA-Seq library preparation suffers from at least one major drawback, including long processing times, large starting material requirements, uneven coverage, loss of strand information and high cost. We report the development of a new RNA-Seq library preparation technique that produces representative, strand-specific RNA-Seq libraries from small amounts of starting material in a fast, simple and cost-effective manner. Additionally, we have developed a new quantitative PCR-based assay for precisely determining the number of PCR cycles to perform for optimal enrichment of the final library, a key step in all SGS library preparation workflows.

Nonlinear optical whispering gallery mode resonators

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ilchenko, Vladimir (Inventor); Matsko, Andrey B. (Inventor); Savchenkov, Anatoliy (Inventor); Maleki, Lutfollah (Inventor)

2005-01-01

Whispering gallery mode (WGM) optical resonators comprising nonlinear optical materials, where the nonlinear optical material of a WGM resonator includes a plurality of sectors within the optical resonator and nonlinear coefficients of two adjacent sectors are oppositely poled.

Source Materials and the Library: The Dispersion of the Beaumont Papers

PubMed Central

Pizer, Irwin H.

1964-01-01

The author discusses the confusion, attributable to misleading references, which long obscured the location of the main portion of the William Beaumont papers. The collection was previously thought to be in the National Library of Medicine, but it is actually housed in the Washington University School of Medicine Library. This has been clarified by the discovery of a series of previously unpublished letters of Sir William Osler, as well as by other newly found materials. The history of the Washington University School of Medicine Library is reviewed, and the facts relating to the disposition of the Beaumont collection in that library rather than the National Library of Medicine are told. Also considered are some of the problems which the dispersion of documentary source materials creates for the scholar. With the Beaumont papers as a case in point, various locations of such materials are cited, and their contents briefly noted. PMID:14119306

The U.S. national nuclear forensics library, nuclear materials information program, and data dictionary

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lamont, Stephen Philip; Brisson, Marcia; Curry, Michael

2011-02-17

Nuclear forensics assessments to determine material process history requires careful comparison of sample data to both measured and modeled nuclear material characteristics. Developing centralized databases, or nuclear forensics libraries, to house this information is an important step to ensure all relevant data will be available for comparison during a nuclear forensics analysis and help expedite the assessment of material history. The approach most widely accepted by the international community at this time is the implementation of National Nuclear Forensics libraries, which would be developed and maintained by individual nations. This is an attractive alternative toan international database since it providesmore » an understanding that each country has data on materials produced and stored within their borders, but eliminates the need to reveal any proprietary or sensitive information to other nations. To support the concept of National Nuclear Forensics libraries, the United States Department of Energy has developed a model library, based on a data dictionary, or set of parameters designed to capture all nuclear forensic relevant information about a nuclear material. Specifically, information includes material identification, collection background and current location, analytical laboratories where measurements were made, material packaging and container descriptions, physical characteristics including mass and dimensions, chemical and isotopic characteristics, particle morphology or metallurgical properties, process history including facilities, and measurement quality assurance information. While not necessarily required, it may also be valuable to store modeled data sets including reactor burn-up or enrichment cascade data for comparison. It is fully expected that only a subset of this information is available or relevant to many materials, and much of the data populating a National Nuclear Forensics library would be process analytical or material accountability measurement data as opposed to a complete forensic analysis of each material in the library.« less

An Identification of Problems Relating to Federal Procurement of Library Materials Prepared for Commission on Government Procurement.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Federal Library Committee, Washington, DC.

The Federal Library Committee through the Task Force on Procurement Procedures in Federal Libraries is examining all problems and is recommending policies, procedures, and practices which will maximize the efficient procurement of library materials. It is suggested that the vehicle for this investigation be the appropriate Commission on Government…

The Role of the Urban Main Library in Nine Public Library Systems.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bell, Elsie L.

To help clarify the role of urban main libraries, visits were made to nine library systems serving populations of 500,000 to 750,000 for the purpose of exploring: (1) system priorities; (2) budgetary support for materials; (3) public service staff; and (4) materials selection procedures. Particular emphasis was placed upon the financial and…

The Library as Consumer: Problems and Prospects of Libraries as Institutional Consumers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Penchansky, Mimi; And Others

The Library Association of the City University of New York provides a bibliography of information sources, books, and articles to aid the library in its role as a consumer of materials and equipment. Some subjects covered include furniture, product evaluations, book selection and acquisition, media materials and equipment, periodicals, book costs,…

Selection of Library Materials in the University of the North Library.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kekana, Kgaladi E.

The purpose of this research was to investigate who should be responsible in the selection of library materials, and to compare the primary responsibility by country and type of library. A content analysis was used to examine 70 articles relating to selection responsibility. The articles cover the period 1950 to 1998, with a wide range of…

Bilinear modelling of cellulosic orthotropic nonlinear materials

Treesearch

E.P. Saliklis; T. J. Urbanik; B. Tokyay

2003-01-01

The proposed method of modelling orthotropic solids that have a nonlinear constitutive material relationship affords several advantages. The first advantage is the application of a simple bilinear stress-strain curve to represent the material response on two orthogonal axes as well as in shear, even for markedly nonlinear materials. The second advantage is that this...

Evaluation of polymer based third order nonlinear integrated optics devices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Driessen, A.; Hoekstra, H. J. W. M.; Blom, F. C.; Horst, F.; Krijnen, G. J. M.; van Schoot, J. B. P.; Lambeck, P. V.; Popma, Th. J. A.; Diemeer, M. B.

1998-01-01

Nonlinear polymers are promising materials for high speed active integrated optics devices. In this paper we evaluate the perspectives polymer based nonlinear optical devices can offer. Special attention is directed to the materials aspects. In our experimental work we applied mainly Akzo Nobel DANS side-chain polymer that exhibits large second and third order coefficients. This material has been characterized by third harmonic generation, z-scan and pump-probe measurements. In addition, various waveguiding structures have been used to measure the nonlinear absorption (two photon absorption) on a ps time-scale. Finally an integrated optics Mach Zehnder interferometer has been realized and evaluated. It is shown that the DANS side-chain polymer has many of the desired properties: the material is easily processable in high-quality optical waveguiding structures, has low linear absorption and its nonlinearity has a pure electronic origin. More materials research has to be done to arrive at materials with higher nonlinear coefficients to allow switching at moderate light intensity ( < 1 W peak power) and also with lower nonlinear absorption coefficients.

Measurement of material nonlinearity using surface acoustic wave parametric interaction and laser ultrasonics.

PubMed

Stratoudaki, Theodosia; Ellwood, Robert; Sharples, Steve; Clark, Matthew; Somekh, Michael G; Collison, Ian J

2011-04-01

A dual frequency mixing technique has been developed for measuring velocity changes caused by material nonlinearity. The technique is based on the parametric interaction between two surface acoustic waves (SAWs): The low frequency pump SAW generated by a transducer and the high frequency probe SAW generated and detected using laser ultrasonics. The pump SAW stresses the material under the probe SAW. The stress (typically <5 MPa) is controlled by varying the timing between the pump and probe waves. The nonlinear interaction is measured as a phase modulation of the probe SAW and equated to a velocity change. The velocity-stress relationship is used as a measure of material nonlinearity. Experiments were conducted to observe the pump-probe interaction by changing the pump frequency and compare the nonlinear response of aluminum and fused silica. Experiments showed these two materials had opposite nonlinear responses, consistent with previously published data. The technique could be applied to life-time predictions of engineered components by measuring changes in nonlinear response caused by fatigue.

Nonlinear Constitutive Relations for High Temperature Application, 1984

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1985-01-01

Nonlinear constitutive relations for high temperature applications were discussed. The state of the art in nonlinear constitutive modeling of high temperature materials was reviewed and the need for future research and development efforts in this area was identified. Considerable research efforts are urgently needed in the development of nonlinear constitutive relations for high temperature applications prompted by recent advances in high temperature materials technology and new demands on material and component performance. Topics discussed include: constitutive modeling, numerical methods, material testing, and structural applications.

Phase Equilibrium and Crystal Growth Studies on AgGaSe2 and Related Nonlinear Optical Materials

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-09-01

identify by block number) IELD GROUP SUB-GROUP - "°Silver selenogallate, AgGaSe2, nonlinear optical materials, infrared materials, optical defects 19...materials has unique nonlinear infrared optical properties( 1-4 ) including high nonlinear coefficients, and the ability to be phase matched through a...have a milky appearance in thin section or when viewed with a commercial infrared image converter. Microscopic examination of AgGaSe2 in both reflected

Laser And Nonlinear Optical Materials For Laser Remote Sensing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barnes, Norman P.

2005-01-01

NASA remote sensing missions involving laser systems and their economic impact are outlined. Potential remote sensing missions include: green house gasses, tropospheric winds, ozone, water vapor, and ice cap thickness. Systems to perform these measurements use lanthanide series lasers and nonlinear devices including second harmonic generators and parametric oscillators. Demands these missions place on the laser and nonlinear optical materials are discussed from a materials point of view. Methods of designing new laser and nonlinear optical materials to meet these demands are presented.

Application of Nonlinear Elastic Resonance Spectroscopy For Damage Detection In Concrete: An Interesting Story

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Byers, Loren W.; Ten Cate, James A.; Johnson, Paul A.

2012-06-28

Nonlinear resonance ultrasound spectroscopy experiments conducted on concrete cores, one chemically and mechanically damaged by alkali-silica reactivity, and one undamaged, show that this material displays highly nonlinear wave behavior, similar to many other damaged materials. They find that the damaged sample responds more nonlinearly, manifested by a larger resonant peak and modulus shift as a function of strain amplitude. The nonlinear response indicates that there is a hysteretic influence in the stress-strain equation of state. Further, as in some other materials, slow dynamics are present. The nonlinear response they observe in concrete is an extremely sensitive indicator of damage. Ultimately,more » nonlinear wave methods applied to concrete may be used to guide mixing, curing, or other production techniques, in order to develop materials with particular desired qualities such as enhanced strength or chemical resistance, and to be used for damage inspection.« less

Investigation of nonlinear optical properties of various organic materials by the Z-scan method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ganeev, R. A.; Boltaev, G. S.; Tugushev, R. I.; Usmanov, T.

2012-06-01

We have studied the nonlinear optical properties of various organic materials (vegetable oil, juice, wine, cognac, Coca-Cola and Fanta drinks, Nescafé coffee, tea, gasoline, clock oil, glycerol, and polyphenyl ether) that are used in everyday life. Their nonlinearities have been studied by the Z-scan method in the near-IR and visible spectral ranges. We have shown that the majority of samples possess a nonlinear absorption; however, some of the studied materials show a strong saturated absorption and nonlinear refraction. Red wine and glycerol proved to be the most interesting materials. For these samples, we have observed a change in the sign of the nonlinear absorption with increasing laser intensity, which was attributed to the competition between two-photon absorption and saturated absorption.

The Astronomy Collections: From the Project to the Laboratory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bobis, L.

2015-04-01

Within some astronomical libraries, just as it is with other libraries, there are collections we might refer to as being in "the border zone." The materials most representative of this are those that relate to an institution's heritage and history. The challenges of these patrimonial collections are scientific, legal, economic, and political. These collections establish the scientific status of their respective libraries because they extend beyond meeting the needs of astronomers: the material is important in defining the history of the field. The influence of these libraries derives from these heritage materials. From this point of view, the library is a worksite and a laboratory for librarians, project managers, and researchers.

Public Access to Digital Material; A Call to Researchers: Digital Libraries Need Collaboration across Disciplines; Greenstone: Open-Source Digital Library Software; Retrieval Issues for the Colorado Digitization Project's Heritage Database; Report on the 5th European Conference on Digital Libraries, ECDL 2001; Report on the First Joint Conference on Digital Libraries.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kahle, Brewster; Prelinger, Rick; Jackson, Mary E.; Boyack, Kevin W.; Wylie, Brian N.; Davidson, George S.; Witten, Ian H.; Bainbridge, David; Boddie, Stefan J.; Garrison, William A.; Cunningham, Sally Jo; Borgman, Christine L.; Hessel, Heather

2001-01-01

These six articles discuss various issues relating to digital libraries. Highlights include public access to digital materials; intellectual property concerns; the need for collaboration across disciplines; Greenstone software for construction and presentation of digital information collections; the Colorado Digitization Project; and conferences…

36 CFR § 1281.10 - When does a foundation consult with NARA before offering a gift of a physical or material change...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... with NARA before offering a gift of a physical or material change, or addition to an existing library... ADMINISTRATION NARA FACILITIES PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY FACILITIES § 1281.10 When does a foundation consult with NARA before offering a gift of a physical or material change, or addition to an existing library? A foundation...

Seminar on the Acquisition of Latin American Library Materials (13th, Lawrence, Kansas, June 20-22, 1968). Final Report and Working Papers. Vol. II.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jordan, Alma; Rovira, Carmen

The eight working papers used as documentation for the Thirteenth Seminar are included in volume II. They are: (1) "Progress Report on the Seminars on the Acquisition of Latin American Library Materials, 1968;" (2) "Significant Acquisitions of Latin American Material by U.S. Libraries, 1967/68;" (3) "A Report of…

Bridging the Cultural Gap: Ten Steps toward a More Multicultural Youth Library.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Agosto, Denise E.

2001-01-01

Presents ten steps toward a more multicultural youth library to help bridge cultural and linguistic gaps in public and school libraries. Topics include mission statements; physical environment; collection diversity; collaboration; bilingual materials; multicultural materials; community involvement; and appreciating diversity. (LRW)

Real time method and computer system for identifying radioactive materials from HPGe gamma-ray spectroscopy

DOEpatents

Rowland, Mark S.; Howard, Douglas E.; Wong, James L.; Jessup, James L.; Bianchini, Greg M.; Miller, Wayne O.

2007-10-23

A real-time method and computer system for identifying radioactive materials which collects gamma count rates from a HPGe gamma-radiation detector to produce a high-resolution gamma-ray energy spectrum. A library of nuclear material definitions ("library definitions") is provided, with each uniquely associated with a nuclide or isotope material and each comprising at least one logic condition associated with a spectral parameter of a gamma-ray energy spectrum. The method determines whether the spectral parameters of said high-resolution gamma-ray energy spectrum satisfy all the logic conditions of any one of the library definitions, and subsequently uniquely identifies the material type as that nuclide or isotope material associated with the satisfied library definition. The method is iteratively repeated to update the spectrum and identification in real time.

Fast Facts: Recent Statistics from the Library Research Service, Nos. 116-122. March-November 1996.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fast Facts: Recent Statistics from the Library Research Service, 1996

1996-01-01

Seven issues of a newsletter on recent library statistics provide information on Colorado public libraries, librarian and library assistant salaries, materials challenges, school library media centers, and circulation policies. One 1995 library survey compares average public library salaries with and without an American Library Association…

Welcome to the National Wetlands Research Center Library: Successful Research Begins @ Your Library

USGS Publications Warehouse

Broussard, Linda

2007-01-01

The National Wetlands Research Center (NWRC) library is part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and is the only USGS library dedicated to wetland science. The mission of the NWRC library is to support the research and information needs of scientists, managers, and support personnel by providing a specialized, scientific collection of library materials and related information services that are responsive to and reflect internal and external customer needs and work processes. The NWRC library participates in international cataloging and resource sharing that allows libraries from throughout the world to borrow from its collections and lend to NWRC. This sharing of materials facilitates the research of other governmental agencies, universities, and those interested in the study of wetlands.

LEGO - A Class Library for Accelerator Design and Simulation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cai, Yunhai

1998-11-19

An object-oriented class library of accelerator design and simulation is designed and implemented in a simple and modular fashion. All physics of single-particle dynamics is implemented based on the Hamiltonian in the local frame of the component. Symplectic integrators are used to approximate the integration of the Hamiltonian. A differential algebra class is introduced to extract a Taylor map up to arbitrary order. Analysis of optics is done in the same way both for the linear and non-linear cases. Recently, Monte Carlo simulation of synchrotron radiation has been added into the library. The code is used to design and simulatemore » the lattices of the PEP-II and SPEAR3. And it is also used for the commissioning of the PEP-II. Some examples of how to use the library will be given.« less

The Making of "The Transfer Agreement": A Library Odyssey.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Black, Edwin

1984-01-01

Describes author's use of numerous library resources in preparation for writing untold story of secret pact between the Third Reich and Jewish Palestine. Library of Congress, Asher Library (Chicago), Zionist Library (New York City), Klau Library (Cincinnati, Ohio), public libraries (Chicago, Boston, New York), availability of materials, and…

Seminar on the Acquisition of Latin American Library Materials (15th, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, June 23-26, 1970). Final Report and Working Papers, Volume II.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Benson, Susan Shattuck: Bresie, Mayellen

Volume 2 contains 13 working papers from the 15th Seminar on Acquisition of Latin American Library Materials. The papers are: (1) A Report on Bibliographic Activities; (2) Microfilm Projects Newsletter; (3) Role of Latin American Legal Material in the Social Science Research Library; (4) A description of sources for Legal and Social Science…

The Animated Library

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brewer, Jim; Dyal, Donald H.; Sweet, Robert

2009-01-01

Libraries have always been poised at the crossroads of access tools and content. Librarians, their personnel, and supporters have worked for generations to create tools to store and utilize content for the benefit of patrons. Libraries house materials and the tools to unlock them; their staffers teach patrons to use the materials and associated…

Research Resources for the Study of African-American and Jewish Relations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gubert, Betty Kaplan

1994-01-01

Discusses New York City library resources for the study of African American and Jewish American relations. Highlights include library collections, access to materials, audio and visual materials, international newspapers, clippings, archives, children's books, and acquisitions. A list of the major libraries for the study of African American and…

Librarians Have a Passion for Order. Online Treasures

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Balas, Janet L.

2005-01-01

Up until fairly recently, library collections have consisted of physical things--books; journals; audiovisual materials; and, in some libraries, collections of realia. Now, however, collections often include materials that cannot be placed on library shelves either because they are digitized versions of primary sources or because they exist only…

Practical Microform Materials for Libraries: Silver, Diazo, Vesicular.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Veaner, Allen B.

1982-01-01

Remarks on the relative permanence and durability of three types of film in use in library microform reproduction (silver, diazo, and vesicular) and points out some technical and economic facts that govern the choice of microform materials for libraries. A 6-item reference list is included. (Author/JL)

Conservation of Library Material in Tropical Conditions: The Example of Nigeria.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ogundipe, O. O.

Nigeria, a tropical country, has an overriding concern for the preservation of its library materials from the ravages of heat, high humidity, insects, and mold. This paper generally deals with prevailing climatological problems, existing library facilities and their shortcomings, internal climate control measures, pesticidal treatments,…

Effect of the presence and size of a localized nonlinear source in concrete.

PubMed

Zardan, J-P; Payan, C; Garnier, V; Salin, J

2010-07-01

The aim of the present letter is to identify the contribution of a macroscopic source of elastic nonlinearity in concrete, a medium which by nature is nonlinear, and belongs to the nonlinear mesoscopic class of materials. The influence of real, localized macro-cracks is characterized with respect to the intrinsic nonlinearity of the material. The influence of the size of the source on the amplitude of the measured nonlinearity is qualitatively demonstrated. A comparison is made between the changes in linear and nonlinear parameters.

Frequency Response of Synthetic Vocal Fold Models with Linear and Nonlinear Material Properties

PubMed Central

Shaw, Stephanie M.; Thomson, Scott L.; Dromey, Christopher; Smith, Simeon

2014-01-01

Purpose The purpose of this study was to create synthetic vocal fold models with nonlinear stress-strain properties and to investigate the effect of linear versus nonlinear material properties on fundamental frequency during anterior-posterior stretching. Method Three materially linear and three materially nonlinear models were created and stretched up to 10 mm in 1 mm increments. Phonation onset pressure (Pon) and fundamental frequency (F0) at Pon were recorded for each length. Measurements were repeated as the models were relaxed in 1 mm increments back to their resting lengths, and tensile tests were conducted to determine the stress-strain responses of linear versus nonlinear models. Results Nonlinear models demonstrated a more substantial frequency response than did linear models and a more predictable pattern of F0 increase with respect to increasing length (although range was inconsistent across models). Pon generally increased with increasing vocal fold length for nonlinear models, whereas for linear models, Pon decreased with increasing length. Conclusions Nonlinear synthetic models appear to more accurately represent the human vocal folds than linear models, especially with respect to F0 response. PMID:22271874

Frequency response of synthetic vocal fold models with linear and nonlinear material properties.

PubMed

Shaw, Stephanie M; Thomson, Scott L; Dromey, Christopher; Smith, Simeon

2012-10-01

The purpose of this study was to create synthetic vocal fold models with nonlinear stress-strain properties and to investigate the effect of linear versus nonlinear material properties on fundamental frequency (F0) during anterior-posterior stretching. Three materially linear and 3 materially nonlinear models were created and stretched up to 10 mm in 1-mm increments. Phonation onset pressure (Pon) and F0 at Pon were recorded for each length. Measurements were repeated as the models were relaxed in 1-mm increments back to their resting lengths, and tensile tests were conducted to determine the stress-strain responses of linear versus nonlinear models. Nonlinear models demonstrated a more substantial frequency response than did linear models and a more predictable pattern of F0 increase with respect to increasing length (although range was inconsistent across models). Pon generally increased with increasing vocal fold length for nonlinear models, whereas for linear models, Pon decreased with increasing length. Nonlinear synthetic models appear to more accurately represent the human vocal folds than do linear models, especially with respect to F0 response.

Hybrid carbon-glass fiber/toughened epoxy thick composites subject to drop-weight and ballistic impacts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sevkat, Ercan

The goals of this study are to investigate the low velocity and ballistic impact response of thick-section hybrid fiber composites at room temperature. Plain-woven S2-Glass and IM7 Graphite fabrics are chosen as fiber materials reinforcing the SC-79 epoxy. Four different types of composites consisting of alternating layers of glass and graphite woven fabric sheets are considered. Tensile tests are conducted using 98 KN (22 kip) MTS testing machine equipped with environmental chamber. Low-velocity impact tests are conducted using an Instron-Dynatup 8250 impact test machine equipped with an environmental chamber. Ballistic impact tests are performed using helium pressured high-speed gas-gun. Tensile tests results were used to define the material behavior of the hybrid and non-hybrid composites in Finite Element modeling. The low velocity and ballistic impact tests showed that hybrid composites performance was somewhere between non-hybrid woven composites. Using woven glass fabrics as outer skin improved the impact performance of woven graphite composite. However hybrid composites are prone to delamination especially between dissimilar layers. The ballistic limit velocity V50 hybrid composites were higher that of woven graphite composite and lower than that of woven glass composite. Both destructive cross-sectional micrographs and nondestructive ultrasonic techniques are used to evaluate the damage created by impact. The Finite Element code LS-DYNA is chosen to perform numerical simulations of low velocity and ballistic impact on thick-section hybrid composites. The damage progression in these composites shows anisotropic nonlinearity. The material model to describe this behavior is not available in LS-DYNA material library. Initially, linear orthotropic material with damage (Chan-Chan Model) is employed to simulate some of the experimental results. Then, user-defined material subroutine is incorporated into LS-DYNA to simulate the nonlinear behavior. The experimentally obtained force-time histories, strain-time histories and damage patterns of impacted composites are compared with Finite element results. The results indicate that LS-DYNA could simulate the impact responses with sufficient accuracy once proper material models and boundary conditions are defined.

Topological nature of nonlinear optical effects in solids.

PubMed

Morimoto, Takahiro; Nagaosa, Naoto

2016-05-01

There are a variety of nonlinear optical effects including higher harmonic generations, photovoltaic effects, and nonlinear Kerr rotations. They are realized by strong light irradiation to materials that results in nonlinear polarizations in the electric field. These are of great importance in studying the physics of excited states of the system as well as for applications to optical devices and solar cells. Nonlinear properties of materials are usually described by nonlinear susceptibilities, which have complex expressions including many matrix elements and energy denominators. On the other hand, a nonequilibrium steady state under an electric field periodic in time has a concise description in terms of the Floquet bands of electrons dressed by photons. We show theoretically, using the Floquet formalism, that various nonlinear optical effects, such as the shift current in noncentrosymmetric materials, photovoltaic Hall response, and photo-induced change of order parameters under the continuous irradiation of monochromatic light, can be described in a unified fashion by topological quantities involving the Berry connection and Berry curvature. We found that vector fields defined with the Berry connections in the space of momentum and/or parameters govern the nonlinear responses. This topological view offers a route to designing nonlinear optical materials.

Topological nature of nonlinear optical effects in solids

PubMed Central

Morimoto, Takahiro; Nagaosa, Naoto

2016-01-01

There are a variety of nonlinear optical effects including higher harmonic generations, photovoltaic effects, and nonlinear Kerr rotations. They are realized by strong light irradiation to materials that results in nonlinear polarizations in the electric field. These are of great importance in studying the physics of excited states of the system as well as for applications to optical devices and solar cells. Nonlinear properties of materials are usually described by nonlinear susceptibilities, which have complex expressions including many matrix elements and energy denominators. On the other hand, a nonequilibrium steady state under an electric field periodic in time has a concise description in terms of the Floquet bands of electrons dressed by photons. We show theoretically, using the Floquet formalism, that various nonlinear optical effects, such as the shift current in noncentrosymmetric materials, photovoltaic Hall response, and photo-induced change of order parameters under the continuous irradiation of monochromatic light, can be described in a unified fashion by topological quantities involving the Berry connection and Berry curvature. We found that vector fields defined with the Berry connections in the space of momentum and/or parameters govern the nonlinear responses. This topological view offers a route to designing nonlinear optical materials. PMID:27386523

Peregrine

PubMed Central

Langevin, Stanley A.; Bent, Zachary W.; Solberg, Owen D.; Curtis, Deanna J.; Lane, Pamela D.; Williams, Kelly P.; Schoeniger, Joseph S.; Sinha, Anupama; Lane, Todd W.; Branda, Steven S.

2013-01-01

Use of second generation sequencing (SGS) technologies for transcriptional profiling (RNA-Seq) has revolutionized transcriptomics, enabling measurement of RNA abundances with unprecedented specificity and sensitivity and the discovery of novel RNA species. Preparation of RNA-Seq libraries requires conversion of the RNA starting material into cDNA flanked by platform-specific adaptor sequences. Each of the published methods and commercial kits currently available for RNA-Seq library preparation suffers from at least one major drawback, including long processing times, large starting material requirements, uneven coverage, loss of strand information and high cost. We report the development of a new RNA-Seq library preparation technique that produces representative, strand-specific RNA-Seq libraries from small amounts of starting material in a fast, simple and cost-effective manner. Additionally, we have developed a new quantitative PCR-based assay for precisely determining the number of PCR cycles to perform for optimal enrichment of the final library, a key step in all SGS library preparation workflows. PMID:23558773

The lost history of American veterinary medicine: the need for preservation.

PubMed

Boyd, C Trenton

2011-01-01

The objective of this study was to survey holdings of ephemeral veterinary literature. World Cat OCLC catalog, the Library of Congress online catalog, the US National Agricultural Library online catalog, and the Dictionary Catalog of the National Agricultural Library, 1862-1965, were used to determine current library holdings of materials published by veterinary schools that are no longer in existence and veterinary associations that are defunct, veterinary supply catalogs, veterinary house organs, patent medicine publications, and veterinary advertisements. Individual library catalogs were also consulted. In addition, the practice of removing advertisements from bound volumes was examined. There are many gaps in the cataloged library holdings of primary source materials relating to the history of the education of veterinarians in the United States. A proactive action plan needs to be designed and activated to locate, catalog, and preserve this primary source material of veterinary medicine for posterity.

The lost history of American veterinary medicine: the need for preservation*†

PubMed Central

Boyd, C. Trenton

2011-01-01

Objective: The objective of this study was to survey holdings of ephemeral veterinary literature. Methods: WorldCat OCLC catalog, the Library of Congress online catalog, the US National Agricultural Library online catalog, and the Dictionary Catalog of the National Agricultural Library, 1862–1965, were used to determine current library holdings of materials published by veterinary schools that are no longer in existence and veterinary associations that are defunct, veterinary supply catalogs, veterinary house organs, patent medicine publications, and veterinary advertisements. Individual library catalogs were also consulted. In addition, the practice of removing advertisements from bound volumes was examined. Results: There are many gaps in the cataloged library holdings of primary source materials relating to the history of the education of veterinarians in the United States. Conclusions: A proactive action plan needs to be designed and activated to locate, catalog, and preserve this primary source material of veterinary medicine for posterity. PMID:21243050

Contribution a la caracterisation des betons endommages par des methodes de l'acoustique non lineaire. Application a la reaction alcalis-silice

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kodjo, Apedovi

The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the non-destructive characterization of concrete materials damaged by alkali-silica reaction (ASR). For this purpose, some nonlinear characterization techniques have been developed, as well as a nonlinear resonance test device. In order to optimize the sensitivity of the test device, the excitation module and signal processing have been improved. The nonlinear tests were conducted on seven samples of concrete damaged by ASR, three samples of concrete damaged by heat, three concrete samples damaged mechanically and three sound concrete samples. Since, nonlinear behaviour of the material is often attribute to its micro-defects hysteretic behaviour, it was shown at first that concrete damaged by ASR exhibits an hysteresis behaviour. To conduct this study, an acoustoelastic test was set, and then nonlinear resonance test device was used for characterizing sound concrete and concrete damaged by ASR. It was shown that the nonlinear technique can be used for characterizing the material without knowing its initial state, and also for detecting early damage in the reactive material. Studies were also carried out on the effect of moisture regarding the nonlinear parameters; they allowed understanding the low values of nonlinear parameters measured on concrete samples that were kept in high moisture conditions. In order to find a specific characteristic of damage caused by ASR, the viscosity of ASR gel was used. An approach, based on static creep analysis, performed on the material, while applying the nonlinear resonance technique. The spring-damping model of Maxwell was used for the interpretation of the results. Then, the creep time was analysed on samples damaged by ASR. It appears that the ASR gel increases the creep time. Finally, the limitations of the nonlinear resonance technique for in situ application have been explained and a new applicable nonlinear technique was initiated. This technique use an external source such as a mass for making non-linearity behaviour in the material, while an ultrasound wave is investigating the medium. Keywords. Concrete, Alkali-silica reaction, Nonlinear acoustics, Nonlinearity, Hysteresis, Damage diagnostics.

Linear analysis using secants for materials with temperature dependent nonlinear elastic modulus and thermal expansion properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pepi, John W.

2017-08-01

Thermally induced stress is readily calculated for linear elastic material properties using Hooke's law in which, for situations where expansion is constrained, stress is proportional to the product of the material elastic modulus and its thermal strain. When material behavior is nonlinear, one needs to make use of nonlinear theory. However, we can avoid that complexity in some situations. For situations in which both elastic modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion vary with temperature, solutions can be formulated using secant properties. A theoretical approach is thus presented to calculate stresses for nonlinear, neo-Hookean, materials. This is important for high acuity optical systems undergoing large temperature extremes.

Nonlinear propagation of electromagnetic waves in negative-refraction-index composite materials.

PubMed

Kourakis, I; Shukla, P K

2005-07-01

We investigate the nonlinear propagation of electromagnetic waves in left-handed materials. For this purpose, we consider a set of coupled nonlinear Schrödinger (CNLS) equations, which govern the dynamics of coupled electric and magnetic field envelopes. The CNLS equations are used to obtain a nonlinear dispersion, which depicts the modulational stability profile of the coupled plane-wave solutions in left-handed materials. An exact (in)stability criterion for modulational interactions is derived, and analytical expressions for the instability growth rate are obtained.

Nonlinear Dynamics of Electroelastic Dielectric Elastomers

DTIC Science & Technology

2018-01-30

research will significantly advance the basic science and fundamental understanding of how rate- dependent material response couples to large, nonlinear...experimental studies of constrained dielectric elastomer films, a transition in the surface instability mechanism depending on the elastocapillary number...fundamental understanding of how rate- dependent material response couples to large, nonlinear material deformation under applied electrostatic loading to

Oregon Intellectual Freedom Clearinghouse Annual Report. May 1987-June 30, 1988.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oregon State Library, Salem. Intellectual Freedom Clearinghouse.

Established in May 1987 by the Oregon State Library to serve as a central clearinghouse for the collection of reports about challenges against library materials, the Oregon Intellectual Freedom Clearinghouse received a total of 17 formal challenges against library materials during its first year of operation. Of these, 10 challenges were received…

Make Waves: Read! 1998 Summer Library Program Manual. Bulletin No. 98107.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roeber, Jane A., Ed.

This manual is designed to help individual libraries in Wisconsin plan and implement their summer library programs. The manual is divided into six sections. Section 1 covers planning and promoting programs, and includes reproducible promotional materials, sample letters to parents, and sample media materials. Section 2 provides decorating and…

Selecting Library Materials for Exceptional Children.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harris, Karen H.

1979-01-01

Presents principles for selecting library materials appropriate for physically handicapped, mentally retarded, and emotionally disturbed children, and for promoting understanding of the handicapped by nonimpaired children. (CMV)

General Nonlinear Ferroelectric Model v. Beta

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dong, Wen; Robbins, Josh

2017-03-14

The purpose of this software is to function as a generalized ferroelectric material model. The material model is designed to work with existing finite element packages by providing updated information on material properties that are nonlinear and dependent on loading history. The two major nonlinear phenomena this model captures are domain-switching and phase transformation. The software itself does not contain potentially sensitive material information and instead provides a framework for different physical phenomena observed within ferroelectric materials. The model is calibrated to a specific ferroelectric material through input parameters provided by the user.

Achieving Excellence in Library Instruction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gilbert, Betty; And Others

The materials included in this document supporting library instruction are divided into two chapters. The first chapter contains bibliographies of instructional materials, professional periodicals, general reference tools, and religious reference tools. Throughout the bibliographies, the approximate cost of the materials is indicated by dollar…

Particle-based and meshless methods with Aboria

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Robinson, Martin; Bruna, Maria

Aboria is a powerful and flexible C++ library for the implementation of particle-based numerical methods. The particles in such methods can represent actual particles (e.g. Molecular Dynamics) or abstract particles used to discretise a continuous function over a domain (e.g. Radial Basis Functions). Aboria provides a particle container, compatible with the Standard Template Library, spatial search data structures, and a Domain Specific Language to specify non-linear operators on the particle set. This paper gives an overview of Aboria's design, an example of use, and a performance benchmark.

The Sourcebook of Library Technology. 1994 Edition. A Microform Edition of Library Technology Reports and Library Systems Newsletter 1992 and 1993.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hori, Pamela, Comp.; White, Howard S., Ed.

This sourcebook is an indexed compilation, on microfiches, of material published during 1992 and 1993 in "Library Technology Reports" (LTR) and "Library Systems Newsletter.""LTR" is a publication by the American Library Association (ALA) which provides critical evaluation of products and systems used in libraries,…

Automatic design of synthetic gene circuits through mixed integer non-linear programming.

PubMed

Huynh, Linh; Kececioglu, John; Köppe, Matthias; Tagkopoulos, Ilias

2012-01-01

Automatic design of synthetic gene circuits poses a significant challenge to synthetic biology, primarily due to the complexity of biological systems, and the lack of rigorous optimization methods that can cope with the combinatorial explosion as the number of biological parts increases. Current optimization methods for synthetic gene design rely on heuristic algorithms that are usually not deterministic, deliver sub-optimal solutions, and provide no guaranties on convergence or error bounds. Here, we introduce an optimization framework for the problem of part selection in synthetic gene circuits that is based on mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP), which is a deterministic method that finds the globally optimal solution and guarantees convergence in finite time. Given a synthetic gene circuit, a library of characterized parts, and user-defined constraints, our method can find the optimal selection of parts that satisfy the constraints and best approximates the objective function given by the user. We evaluated the proposed method in the design of three synthetic circuits (a toggle switch, a transcriptional cascade, and a band detector), with both experimentally constructed and synthetic promoter libraries. Scalability and robustness analysis shows that the proposed framework scales well with the library size and the solution space. The work described here is a step towards a unifying, realistic framework for the automated design of biological circuits.

A survey of collection development for United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) and National Board Dental Examination (NBDE) preparation material.

PubMed

Hendrix, Dean; Hasman, Linda

2008-07-01

The research sought to ascertain medical and dental libraries' collection development policies, evaluation methods, purchase decisions, and issues that relate to print and electronic United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) and National Board Dental Examination (NBDE) preparation materials. The investigators surveyed librarians supporting American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC)-accredited medical schools (n = 58/125) on the USMLE and librarians supporting American Dental Association (ADA)-accredited dental schools (n = 23/56) on the NBDE. The investigators analyzed the data by cross-tabulating and filtering the results using EFM Continuum web survey software. Investigators also surveyed print and electronic USMLE and NBDE preparation materials from 2004-2007 to determine the number of publications and existence of reviews. A majority of responding AAMC libraries (62%, n = 58) provide at least 1 electronic or online USMLE preparation resource and buy an average of 11.6 print USMLE titles annually. Due to a paucity of NBDE print and electronic resources, ADA libraries bought significantly fewer print resources, and only 1 subscribed to an electronic resource. The most often reported evaluation methods for both populations were feedback from medical or dental students, feedback from medical or dental faculty, and online trials. Some AAMC (10%, n = 58) and ADA libraries (39%, n = 23) libraries reported that no evaluation of these materials occured at their libraries. From 2004-2007, publishers produced 45 USMLE preparation resources (total n = 546) to every 1 NBDE preparation resource (total n = 12). Users' needs, institutional missions and goals, financial status, and official collection policies most often underlie decisions to collect or not collect examination preparation materials. Evaluating the quality of examination preparation materials can be problematic due to lack of published reviews, lack of usability testing by libraries, and librarians' and library users' unfamiliarity with the actual content of examinations. Libraries must integrate faculty and students into the purchase process to make sure examination preparation resources of the highest quality are purchased.

Anomalous nonlinear absorption in epsilon-near-zero materials: optical limiting and all-optical control.

PubMed

Vincenti, M A; de Ceglia, D; Scalora, Michael

2016-08-01

We investigate nonlinear absorption in films of epsilon-near-zero materials. The combination of large local electric fields at the fundamental frequency and material losses at the harmonic frequencies induce unusual intensity-dependent phenomena. We predict that the second-order nonlinearity of a low-damping, epsilon-near-zero slab produces an optical limiting effect that mimics a two-photon absorption process. Anomalous absorption profiles that depend on low permittivity values at the pump frequency are also predicted for third-order nonlinearities. These findings suggest new opportunities for all-optical light control and novel ways to design reconfigurable and tunable nonlinear devices.

A novel nonlinear damage resonance intermodulation effect for structural health monitoring

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ciampa, Francesco; Scarselli, Gennaro; Meo, Michele

2017-04-01

This paper is aimed at developing a theoretical model able to predict the generation of nonlinear elastic effects associated to the interaction of ultrasonic waves with the steady-state nonlinear response of local defect resonance (LDR). The LDR effect is used in nonlinear elastic wave spectroscopy to enhance the excitation of the material damage at its local resonance, thus to dramatically increase the vibrational amplitude of material nonlinear phenomena. The main result of this work is to prove both analytically and experimentally the generation of novel nonlinear elastic wave effects, here named as nonlinear damage resonance intermodulation, which correspond to a nonlinear intermodulation between the driving frequency and the LDR one. Beside this intermodulation effect, other nonlinear elastic wave phenomena such as higher harmonics of the input frequency and superharmonics of LDR frequency were found. The analytical model relies on solving the nonlinear equation of motion governing bending displacement under the assumption of both quadratic and cubic nonlinear defect approximation. Experimental tests on a damaged composite laminate confirmed and validated these predictions and showed that using continuous periodic excitation, the nonlinear structural phenomena associated to LDR could also be featured at locations different from the damage resonance. These findings will provide new opportunities for material damage detection using nonlinear ultrasounds.

Parameter estimation of a nonlinear Burger's model using nanoindentation and finite element-based inverse analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hamim, Salah Uddin Ahmed

Nanoindentation involves probing a hard diamond tip into a material, where the load and the displacement experienced by the tip is recorded continuously. This load-displacement data is a direct function of material's innate stress-strain behavior. Thus, theoretically it is possible to extract mechanical properties of a material through nanoindentation. However, due to various nonlinearities associated with nanoindentation the process of interpreting load-displacement data into material properties is difficult. Although, simple elastic behavior can be characterized easily, a method to characterize complicated material behavior such as nonlinear viscoelasticity is still lacking. In this study, a nanoindentation-based material characterization technique is developed to characterize soft materials exhibiting nonlinear viscoelasticity. Nanoindentation experiment was modeled in finite element analysis software (ABAQUS), where a nonlinear viscoelastic behavior was incorporated using user-defined subroutine (UMAT). The model parameters were calibrated using a process called inverse analysis. In this study, a surrogate model-based approach was used for the inverse analysis. The different factors affecting the surrogate model performance are analyzed in order to optimize the performance with respect to the computational cost.

Engaging a Wider Community: The Academic Library as a Center for Creativity, Discovery, and Collaboration

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shapiro, Steven D.

2016-01-01

Academic libraries have reported long-term declines in circulation, reference transactions, reserves, and in-house library materials usage. Increasingly, libraries are perceived as being less critical to the academic enterprise. Are these trends irreversible? Perhaps public libraries and some innovative academic libraries can provide us with some…

U.S. Geological Survey Library classification system

USGS Publications Warehouse

Sasscer, R. Scott

2000-01-01

The U.S. Geological Survey Library classification system has been designed for earth science libraries. It is a tool for assigning call numbers to earth science and allied pure science materials in order to collect these materials into related subject groups on the library shelves and arrange them alphabetically by author and title. The classification can be used as a retrieval system to access materials through the subject and geographic numbers.The classification scheme has been developed over the years since 1904 to meet the ever-changing needs of increased specialization and the development of new areas of research in the earth sciences. The system contains seven schedules: Subject scheduleGeological survey schedule Earth science periodical scheduleGovernment document periodical scheduleGeneral science periodical schedule Earth science map schedule Geographic schedule Introduction provides detailed instructions on the construction of call numbers for works falling into the framework of the classification schedules.The tables following the introduction can be quickly accessed through the use of the newly expanded subject index.The purpose of this publication is to provide the earth science community with a classification and retrieval system for earth science materials, to offer sufficient explanation of its structure and use, and to enable library staff and clientele to classify or access research materials in a library collection.

Guidelines for Audiovisual and Multimedia Materials in Libraries and Other Institutions. Audiovisual and Multimedia Section

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (NJ1), 2004

2004-01-01

This set of guidelines, for audiovisual and multimedia materials in libraries of all kinds and other appropriate institutions, is the product of many years of consultation and collaborative effort. As early as 1972, The UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Public Library Manifesto had stressed the need for…

From Pedagogical Museum to Instructional Material Center: Education Libraries at Teacher Training Institutions, 1890s to 1970s

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Attebury, Ramirose; Kroth, Michael

2012-01-01

The development of education libraries cannot be understood outside the context of education history. Changes in educational practices and technology spurred three phases of development in the history of education libraries. Early examples, often called curriculum laboratories, developed as spaces to create educational materials where limited…

Automation, Resource Sharing, and the Small Academic Library.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, Arthur H., Jr.

1983-01-01

Discussion of Illinois experiences in library cooperation and computerization (OCLC, Library Computer System, LIBRAS) describes use of library materials, benefits and drawbacks of online networking, experiences at Lake Forest College (Illinois), and six tasks recommended for small academic libraries as preparation for major changes toward…

Nonlinear viscoelastic characterization of polymer materials using a dynamic-mechanical methodology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Strganac, Thomas W.; Payne, Debbie Flowers; Biskup, Bruce A.; Letton, Alan

1995-01-01

Polymer materials retrieved from LDEF exhibit nonlinear constitutive behavior; thus the authors present a method to characterize nonlinear viscoelastic behavior using measurements from dynamic (oscillatory) mechanical tests. Frequency-derived measurements are transformed into time-domain properties providing the capability to predict long term material performance without a lengthy experimentation program. Results are presented for thin-film high-performance polymer materials used in the fabrication of high-altitude scientific balloons. Predictions based upon a linear test and analysis approach are shown to deteriorate for moderate to high stress levels expected for extended applications. Tests verify that nonlinear viscoelastic response is induced by large stresses. Hence, an approach is developed in which the stress-dependent behavior is examined in a manner analogous to modeling temperature-dependent behavior with time-temperature correspondence and superposition principles. The development leads to time-stress correspondence and superposition of measurements obtained through dynamic mechanical tests. Predictions of material behavior using measurements based upon linear and nonlinear approaches are compared with experimental results obtained from traditional creep tests. Excellent agreement is shown for the nonlinear model.

Experimental study of nonlinear ultrasonic behavior of soil materials during the compaction.

PubMed

Chen, Jun; Wang, Hao; Yao, Yangping

2016-07-01

In this paper, the nonlinear ultrasonic behavior of unconsolidated granular medium - soil during the compaction is experimentally studied. The second harmonic generation technique is adopted to investigate the change of microstructural void in materials during the compaction process of loose soils. The nonlinear parameter is measured with the change of two important environmental factors i.e. moisture content and impact energy of compaction. It is found the nonlinear parameter of soil material presents a similar variation pattern with the void ratio of soil samples, corresponding to the increased moisture content and impact energy. A same optimum moisture content is found by observing the variation of nonlinear parameter and void ratio with respect to moisture content. The results indicate that the unconsolidated soil is manipulated by a strong material nonlinearity during the compaction procedure. The developed experimental technique based on the second harmonic generation could be a fast and convenient testing method for the determination of optimum moisture content of soil materials, which is very useful for the better compaction effect of filled embankment for civil infrastructures in-situ. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Rapid assessment of nonlinear optical propagation effects in dielectrics

PubMed Central

Hoyo, J. del; de la Cruz, A. Ruiz; Grace, E.; Ferrer, A.; Siegel, J.; Pasquazi, A.; Assanto, G.; Solis, J.

2015-01-01

Ultrafast laser processing applications need fast approaches to assess the nonlinear propagation of the laser beam in order to predict the optimal range of processing parameters in a wide variety of cases. We develop here a method based on the simple monitoring of the nonlinear beam shaping against numerical prediction. The numerical code solves the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with nonlinear absorption under simplified conditions by employing a state-of-the art computationally efficient approach. By comparing with experimental results we can rapidly estimate the nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear absorption coefficients of the material. The validity of this approach has been tested in a variety of experiments where nonlinearities play a key role, like spatial soliton shaping or fs-laser waveguide writing. The approach provides excellent results for propagated power densities for which free carrier generation effects can be neglected. Above such a threshold, the peculiarities of the nonlinear propagation of elliptical beams enable acquiring an instantaneous picture of the deposition of energy inside the material realistic enough to estimate the effective nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear absorption coefficients that can be used for predicting the spatial distribution of energy deposition inside the material and controlling the beam in the writing process. PMID:25564243

Rapid assessment of nonlinear optical propagation effects in dielectrics.

PubMed

del Hoyo, J; de la Cruz, A Ruiz; Grace, E; Ferrer, A; Siegel, J; Pasquazi, A; Assanto, G; Solis, J

2015-01-07

Ultrafast laser processing applications need fast approaches to assess the nonlinear propagation of the laser beam in order to predict the optimal range of processing parameters in a wide variety of cases. We develop here a method based on the simple monitoring of the nonlinear beam shaping against numerical prediction. The numerical code solves the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with nonlinear absorption under simplified conditions by employing a state-of-the art computationally efficient approach. By comparing with experimental results we can rapidly estimate the nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear absorption coefficients of the material. The validity of this approach has been tested in a variety of experiments where nonlinearities play a key role, like spatial soliton shaping or fs-laser waveguide writing. The approach provides excellent results for propagated power densities for which free carrier generation effects can be neglected. Above such a threshold, the peculiarities of the nonlinear propagation of elliptical beams enable acquiring an instantaneous picture of the deposition of energy inside the material realistic enough to estimate the effective nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear absorption coefficients that can be used for predicting the spatial distribution of energy deposition inside the material and controlling the beam in the writing process.

Rapid assessment of nonlinear optical propagation effects in dielectrics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hoyo, J. Del; de La Cruz, A. Ruiz; Grace, E.; Ferrer, A.; Siegel, J.; Pasquazi, A.; Assanto, G.; Solis, J.

2015-01-01

Ultrafast laser processing applications need fast approaches to assess the nonlinear propagation of the laser beam in order to predict the optimal range of processing parameters in a wide variety of cases. We develop here a method based on the simple monitoring of the nonlinear beam shaping against numerical prediction. The numerical code solves the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with nonlinear absorption under simplified conditions by employing a state-of-the art computationally efficient approach. By comparing with experimental results we can rapidly estimate the nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear absorption coefficients of the material. The validity of this approach has been tested in a variety of experiments where nonlinearities play a key role, like spatial soliton shaping or fs-laser waveguide writing. The approach provides excellent results for propagated power densities for which free carrier generation effects can be neglected. Above such a threshold, the peculiarities of the nonlinear propagation of elliptical beams enable acquiring an instantaneous picture of the deposition of energy inside the material realistic enough to estimate the effective nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear absorption coefficients that can be used for predicting the spatial distribution of energy deposition inside the material and controlling the beam in the writing process.

Nonlinear-optical activity owing to anisotropy of ultrafast nonlinear refraction in cubic materials.

PubMed

Hutchings, D C

1995-08-01

The evolution of the polarization state in a cubic material with an anisotropic Kerr nonlinearity is examined. It is shown that in certain cases this provides a mechanism for nonlinear-optical activity, leaving the state of the polarization unchanged but causing a signif icant rotation in its major axis. The use of the anisotropic ultrafast nonlinear refraction that exists just beneath the half-gap in semiconductors to demonstrate these effects is discussed.

Detecting Unknown Artificial Urban Surface Materials Based on Spectral Dissimilarity Analysis.

PubMed

Jilge, Marianne; Heiden, Uta; Habermeyer, Martin; Mende, André; Juergens, Carsten

2017-08-08

High resolution imaging spectroscopy data have been recognised as a valuable data resource for augmenting detailed material inventories that serve as input for various urban applications. Image-specific urban spectral libraries are successfully used in urban imaging spectroscopy studies. However, the regional- and sensor-specific transferability of such libraries is limited due to the wide range of different surface materials. With the developed methodology, incomplete urban spectral libraries can be utilised by assuming that unknown surface material spectra are dissimilar to the known spectra in a basic spectral library (BSL). The similarity measure SID-SCA (Spectral Information Divergence-Spectral Correlation Angle) is applied to detect image-specific unknown urban surfaces while avoiding spectral mixtures. These detected unknown materials are categorised into distinct and identifiable material classes based on their spectral and spatial metrics. Experimental results demonstrate a successful redetection of material classes that had been previously erased in order to simulate an incomplete BSL. Additionally, completely new materials e.g., solar panels were identified in the data. It is further shown that the level of incompleteness of the BSL and the defined dissimilarity threshold are decisive for the detection of unknown material classes and the degree of spectral intra-class variability. A detailed accuracy assessment of the pre-classification results, aiming to separate natural and artificial materials, demonstrates spectral confusions between spectrally similar materials utilizing SID-SCA. However, most spectral confusions occur between natural or artificial materials which are not affecting the overall aim. The dissimilarity analysis overcomes the limitations of working with incomplete urban spectral libraries and enables the generation of image-specific training databases.

Detecting Unknown Artificial Urban Surface Materials Based on Spectral Dissimilarity Analysis

PubMed Central

Jilge, Marianne; Heiden, Uta; Habermeyer, Martin; Mende, André; Juergens, Carsten

2017-01-01

High resolution imaging spectroscopy data have been recognised as a valuable data resource for augmenting detailed material inventories that serve as input for various urban applications. Image-specific urban spectral libraries are successfully used in urban imaging spectroscopy studies. However, the regional- and sensor-specific transferability of such libraries is limited due to the wide range of different surface materials. With the developed methodology, incomplete urban spectral libraries can be utilised by assuming that unknown surface material spectra are dissimilar to the known spectra in a basic spectral library (BSL). The similarity measure SID-SCA (Spectral Information Divergence-Spectral Correlation Angle) is applied to detect image-specific unknown urban surfaces while avoiding spectral mixtures. These detected unknown materials are categorised into distinct and identifiable material classes based on their spectral and spatial metrics. Experimental results demonstrate a successful redetection of material classes that had been previously erased in order to simulate an incomplete BSL. Additionally, completely new materials e.g., solar panels were identified in the data. It is further shown that the level of incompleteness of the BSL and the defined dissimilarity threshold are decisive for the detection of unknown material classes and the degree of spectral intra-class variability. A detailed accuracy assessment of the pre-classification results, aiming to separate natural and artificial materials, demonstrates spectral confusions between spectrally similar materials utilizing SID-SCA. However, most spectral confusions occur between natural or artificial materials which are not affecting the overall aim. The dissimilarity analysis overcomes the limitations of working with incomplete urban spectral libraries and enables the generation of image-specific training databases. PMID:28786947

Global Learning Spectral Archive- A new Way to deal with Unknown Urban Spectra -

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jilge, M.; Heiden, U.; Habermeyer, M.; Jürgens, C.

2015-12-01

Rapid urbanization processes and the need of identifying urban materials demand urban planners and the remote sensing community since years. Urban planners cannot overcome the issue of up-to-date information of urban materials due to time-intensive fieldwork. Hyperspectral remote sensing can facilitate this issue by interpreting spectral signals to provide information of occurring materials. However, the complexity of urban areas and the occurrence of diverse urban materials vary due to regional and cultural aspects as well as the size of a city, which makes identification of surface materials a challenging analysis task. For the various surface material identification approaches, spectral libraries containing pure material spectra are commonly used, which are derived from field, laboratory or the hyperspectral image itself. One of the requirements for successful image analysis is that all spectrally different surface materials are represented by the library. Currently, a universal library, applicable in every urban area worldwide and taking each spectral variability into account, is and will not be existent. In this study, the issue of unknown surface material spectra and the demand of an urban site-specific spectral library is tackled by the development of a learning spectral archive tool. Starting with an incomplete library of labelled image spectra from several German cities, surface materials of pure image pixels will be identified in a hyperspectral image based on a similarity measure (e.g. SID-SAM). Additionally, unknown image spectra of urban objects are identified based on an object- and spectral-based-rule set. The detected unknown surface material spectra are entered with additional metadata, such as regional occurrence into the existing spectral library and thus, are reusable for further studies. Our approach is suitable for pure surface material detection of urban hyperspectral images that is globally applicable by taking incompleteness into account. The generically development enables the implementation of different hyperspectral sensors.

Probing the interatomic potential of solids with strong-field nonlinear phononics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

von Hoegen, A.; Mankowsky, R.; Fechner, M.; Först, M.; Cavalleri, A.

2018-03-01

Nonlinear optical techniques at visible frequencies have long been applied to condensed matter spectroscopy. However, because many important excitations of solids are found at low energies, much can be gained from the extension of nonlinear optics to mid-infrared and terahertz frequencies. For example, the nonlinear excitation of lattice vibrations has enabled the dynamic control of material functions. So far it has only been possible to exploit second-order phonon nonlinearities at terahertz field strengths near one million volts per centimetre. Here we achieve an order-of-magnitude increase in field strength and explore higher-order phonon nonlinearities. We excite up to five harmonics of the A1 (transverse optical) phonon mode in the ferroelectric material lithium niobate. By using ultrashort mid-infrared laser pulses to drive the atoms far from their equilibrium positions, and measuring the large-amplitude atomic trajectories, we can sample the interatomic potential of lithium niobate, providing a benchmark for ab initio calculations for the material. Tomography of the energy surface by high-order nonlinear phononics could benefit many aspects of materials research, including the study of classical and quantum phase transitions.

Electrets in soft materials: nonlinearity, size effects, and giant electromechanical coupling.

PubMed

Deng, Qian; Liu, Liping; Sharma, Pradeep

2014-07-01

Development of soft electromechanical materials is critical for several tantalizing applications such as soft robots and stretchable electronics, among others. Soft nonpiezoelectric materials can be coaxed to behave like piezoelectrics by merely embedding charges and dipoles in their interior and assuring some elastic heterogeneity. Such so-called electret materials have been experimentally shown to exhibit very large electromechanical coupling. In this work, we derive rigorous nonlinear expressions that relate effective electromechanical coupling to the creation of electret materials. In contrast to the existing models, we are able to both qualitatively and quantitatively capture the known experimental results on the nonlinear response of electret materials. Furthermore, we show that the presence of another form of electromechanical coupling, flexoelectricity, leads to size effects that dramatically alter the electromechanical response at submicron feature sizes. One of our key conclusions is that nonlinear deformation (prevalent in soft materials) significantly enhances the flexoelectric response and hence the aforementioned size effects.

Design of materials with prescribed nonlinear properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, F.; Sigmund, O.; Jensen, J. S.

2014-09-01

We systematically design materials using topology optimization to achieve prescribed nonlinear properties under finite deformation. Instead of a formal homogenization procedure, a numerical experiment is proposed to evaluate the material performance in longitudinal and transverse tensile tests under finite deformation, i.e. stress-strain relations and Poissons ratio. By minimizing errors between actual and prescribed properties, materials are tailored to achieve the target. Both two dimensional (2D) truss-based and continuum materials are designed with various prescribed nonlinear properties. The numerical examples illustrate optimized materials with rubber-like behavior and also optimized materials with extreme strain-independent Poissons ratio for axial strain intervals of εi∈[0.00, 0.30].

Theory and design of nonlinear metamaterials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rose, Alec Daniel

If electronics are ever to be completely replaced by optics, a significant possibility in the wake of the fiber revolution, it is likely that nonlinear materials will play a central and enabling role. Indeed, nonlinear optics is the study of the mechanisms through which light can change the nature and properties of matter and, as a corollary, how one beam or color of light can manipulate another or even itself within such a material. However, of the many barriers preventing such a lofty goal, the narrow and limited range of properties supported by nonlinear materials, and natural materials in general, stands at the forefront. Many industries have turned instead to artificial and composite materials, with homogenizable metamaterials representing a recent extension of such composites into the electromagnetic domain. In particular, the inclusion of nonlinear elements has caused metamaterials research to spill over into the field of nonlinear optics. Through careful design of their constituent elements, nonlinear metamaterials are capable of supporting an unprecedented range of interactions, promising nonlinear devices of novel design and scale. In this context, I cast the basic properties of nonlinear metamaterials in the conventional formalism of nonlinear optics. Using alternately transfer matrices and coupled mode theory, I develop two complementary methods for characterizing and designing metamaterials with arbitrary nonlinear properties. Subsequently, I apply these methods in numerical studies of several canonical metamaterials, demonstrating enhanced electric and magnetic nonlinearities, as well as predicting the existence of nonlinear magnetoelectric and off-diagonal nonlinear tensors. I then introduce simultaneous design of the linear and nonlinear properties in the context of phase matching, outlining five different metamaterial phase matching methods, with special emphasis on the phase matching of counter propagating waves in mirrorless parametric amplifiers and oscillators. By applying this set of tools and knowledge to microwave metamaterials, I experimentally confirm several novel nonlinear phenomena. Most notably, I construct a backward wave nonlinear medium from varactor-loaded split ring resonators loaded in a rectangular waveguide, capable of generating second-harmonic opposite to conventional nonlinear materials with a conversion efficiency as high as 1.5%. In addition, I confirm nonlinear magnetoelectric coupling in two dual gap varactor-loaded split ring resonator metamaterials through measurement of the amplitude and phase of the second-harmonic generated in the forward and backward directions from a thin slab. I then use the presence of simultaneous nonlinearities in such metamaterials to observe nonlinear interference, manifest as unidirectional difference frequency generation with contrasts of 6 and 12 dB in the forward and backward directions, respectively. Finally, I apply these principles and intuition to several plasmonic platforms with the goal of achieving similar enhancements and configurations at optical frequencies. Using the example of fluorescence enhancement in optical patch antennas, I develop a semi-classical numerical model for the calculation of field-induced enhancements to both excitation and spontaneous emission rates of an embedded fluorophore, showing qualitative agreement with experimental results, with enhancement factors of more than 30,000. Throughout these series of works, I emphasize the indispensability of effective design and retrieval tools in understanding and optimizing both metamaterials and plasmonic systems. Ultimately, when weighed against the disadvantages in fabrication and optical losses, the results presented here provide a context for the application of nonlinear metamaterials within three distinct areas where a competitive advantage over conventional materials might be obtained: fundamental science demonstrations, linear and nonlinear anisotropy engineering, and extremely compact resonant all-optical devices.

Nonlinear acoustics experimental characterization of microstructure evolution in Inconel 617

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yao, Xiaochu; Liu, Yang; Lissenden, Cliff J.

2014-02-01

Inconel 617 is a candidate material for the intermediate heat exchanger in a very high temperature reactor for the next generation nuclear power plant. This application will require the material to withstand fatigue-ratcheting interaction at temperatures up to 950°C. Therefore nondestructive evaluation and structural health monitoring are important capabilities. Acoustic nonlinearity (which is quantified in terms of a material parameter, the acoustic nonlinearity parameter, β) has been proven to be sensitive to microstructural changes in material. This research develops a robust experimental procedure to track the evolution of damage precursors in laboratory tested Inconel 617 specimens using ultrasonic bulk waves. The results from the acoustic non-linear tests are compared with stereoscope surface damage results. Therefore, the relationship between acoustic nonlinearity and microstructural evaluation can be clearly demonstrated for the specimens tested.

Plasticity - Theory and finite element applications.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Armen, H., Jr.; Levine, H. S.

1972-01-01

A unified presentation is given of the development and distinctions associated with various incremental solution procedures used to solve the equations governing the nonlinear behavior of structures, and this is discussed within the framework of the finite-element method. Although the primary emphasis here is on material nonlinearities, consideration is also given to geometric nonlinearities acting separately or in combination with nonlinear material behavior. The methods discussed here are applicable to a broad spectrum of structures, ranging from simple beams to general three-dimensional bodies. The finite-element analysis methods for material nonlinearity are general in the sense that any of the available plasticity theories can be incorporated to treat strain hardening or ideally plastic behavior.

Review of high-throughput techniques for detecting solid phase Transformation from material libraries produced by combinatorial methods

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, Jonathan A.

2005-01-01

High-throughput measurement techniques are reviewed for solid phase transformation from materials produced by combinatorial methods, which are highly efficient concepts to fabricate large variety of material libraries with different compositional gradients on a single wafer. Combinatorial methods hold high potential for reducing the time and costs associated with the development of new materials, as compared to time-consuming and labor-intensive conventional methods that test large batches of material, one- composition at a time. These high-throughput techniques can be automated to rapidly capture and analyze data, using the entire material library on a single wafer, thereby accelerating the pace of materials discovery and knowledge generation for solid phase transformations. The review covers experimental techniques that are applicable to inorganic materials such as shape memory alloys, graded materials, metal hydrides, ferric materials, semiconductors and industrial alloys.

A review of recent theoretical studies in nonlinear crystals: towards the design of new materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luppi, Eleonora; Véniard, Valérie

2016-12-01

Nonlinear optics is an important and exciting field of fundamental and applied research, with applications in many different disciplines such as physics chemistry, material science and biology. In the recent years, nonlinear optical phenomena started to be also widely used in technological applications for optoelectronics and photovoltaics. This coincided with an important experimental and theoretical search for new materials with an efficient and exploitable nonlinear optical response. Here, starting from the discovery of nonlinear optics, we review the most important theoretical formalisms developed to understand, interpret and predict the nonlinear optical phenomena. We show the different level of approximation of the many-electrons interactions that these formalisms can describe which are fundamental in the interpretation of the experiments. The impact of the theory is then analyzed on different classes of new materials particularly studied in these years: silicon bulk to nano, compound semiconductors, graphene, transition metal dichalcogenide, hexagonal boron nitride and borate crystals.

A Challenge to Change: Necessary Changes in the Library Classification System for the Chicago Public Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, Florence M.

This report addresses the feasibility of changing the classification of library materials in the Chicago Public School libraries from the Dewey Decimal classification system (DDC) to the Library of Congress system (LC), thus patterning the city school libraries after the Chicago Public Library and strengthening the existing close relationship…

How to Be Engaging: Recreational Reading and Readers' Advisory in the Academic Library

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nicholson, Heather

2012-01-01

While recreational reading material was once an integral part of the academic library collection and librarians were seen as guides in reading development for students, this has not been the case in the last 50 years. Fiscal constraints have forced library professionals to make choices so that leisure reading material has not been viewed as a high…

A Study of Four Public Libraries in Northeastern Ohio To Determine the Restriction of Access of Materials to Children.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wright, Gretchen McHenry

This study of four public libraries in Northeastern Ohio was conducted to determine the amount, if any, of restriction of access of materials to minors. Four libraries were opportunistically selected, and the director and children's librarian in each were interviewed. The emerging hypothesis was that some restriction would occur. The written…

36 CFR 1281.10 - When does a foundation consult with NARA before offering a gift of a physical or material change...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... library? 1281.10 Section 1281.10 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION NARA FACILITIES PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY FACILITIES § 1281.10 When does a foundation consult with NARA before offering a gift of a physical or material change, or addition to an existing library? A foundation...

36 CFR 1281.10 - When does a foundation consult with NARA before offering a gift of a physical or material change...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... library? 1281.10 Section 1281.10 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION NARA FACILITIES PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY FACILITIES § 1281.10 When does a foundation consult with NARA before offering a gift of a physical or material change, or addition to an existing library? A foundation...

36 CFR 1281.10 - When does a foundation consult with NARA before offering a gift of a physical or material change...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... library? 1281.10 Section 1281.10 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION NARA FACILITIES PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY FACILITIES § 1281.10 When does a foundation consult with NARA before offering a gift of a physical or material change, or addition to an existing library? A foundation...

36 CFR 1281.10 - When does a foundation consult with NARA before offering a gift of a physical or material change...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... library? 1281.10 Section 1281.10 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION NARA FACILITIES PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY FACILITIES § 1281.10 When does a foundation consult with NARA before offering a gift of a physical or material change, or addition to an existing library? A foundation...

A Bookless Library, Part II: Managing Access Services with No In-House Collections

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sewell, Bethany B.

2013-01-01

In the spring of 2011, the Penrose Library at the University of Denver began the process of storing all materials, services, and staff to temporary locations in preparation for a building renovation project. The library was faced with the challenge of delivering all materials from an off-site storage facility within two hours of request. A new…

A Selective Bibliography on Measurement in Library and Information Services.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reynolds, Rose, Comp.

The aim of this survey, based on material held in the Aslib Library, was to produce a list of items dealing with cost and costings in library services, for use within the Aslib Research Department. Attention has been concentrated on material published since 1960, although a few items prior to this date have been included. Items which are…

Library Buildings and Equipment Section. Management and Technology Division. Papers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

International Federation of Library Associations, The Hague (Netherlands).

Papers on library buildings and equipment, which were presented at the 1983 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference, include: (1) "The Impact of Technology on Library Buildings," in which Rolf Fuhlrott (West Germany) discusses construction technology (types of building materials and library building design),…

Libraries for the Blind Section. Libraries Serving the General Public Division. Papers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

International Federation of Library Associations, The Hague (Netherlands).

Papers on library services and developments in reading materials for the blind, which were presented at the 1983 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference, include: (1) "Reading Programs for the Blind and Physically Handicapped in Public Libraries of the Polish People's Republic" by Franciszek Czajkowski…

Hispanic College Students Library Experience

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lumley, Risa; Newman, Eric; Brown, Haakon T.

2015-01-01

This study looks at undergraduate Hispanic students' interpretations and current perceptions of the academic library's purpose, usefulness and value. What are the reasons to use the library? What are the barriers to use? This study will examine academic libraries' move toward electronic library materials and what it means for Hispanic students.…

Discovering Jewish Studies Collections in Academic Libraries: A Practical Guide

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taler, Izabella

2014-01-01

The U.S. colleges and universities offering non-sectarian educational programs in Jewish Studies rely on the support of their academic libraries for research materials and library services. For college libraries which use Library of Congress Classification scheme, it is a common practice to integrate "studies" resources into their…

Environmental Factors Affecting the Permanence of Library Materials

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wessel, Carl J.

1970-01-01

Reviews pertinent evidence relating to deterioration originating with air pollution, heat, humidity, light, and biological agents; and suggests how librarians may lengthen the useful life of library materials through environmental controls. (Author/JS)

Nonlinear ultrasonics for material state awareness

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jacobs, L. J.

2014-02-01

Predictive health monitoring of structural components will require the development of advanced sensing techniques capable of providing quantitative information on the damage state of structural materials. By focusing on nonlinear acoustic techniques, it is possible to measure absolute, strength based material parameters that can then be coupled with uncertainty models to enable accurate and quantitative life prediction. Starting at the material level, this review will present current research that involves a combination of sensing techniques and physics-based models to characterize damage in metallic materials. In metals, these nonlinear ultrasonic measurements can sense material state, before the formation of micro- and macro-cracks. Typically, cracks of a measurable size appear quite late in a component's total life, while the material's integrity in terms of toughness and strength gradually decreases due to the microplasticity (dislocations) and associated change in the material's microstructure. This review focuses on second harmonic generation techniques. Since these nonlinear acoustic techniques are acoustic wave based, component interrogation can be performed with bulk, surface and guided waves using the same underlying material physics; these nonlinear ultrasonic techniques provide results which are independent of the wave type used. Recent physics-based models consider the evolution of damage due to dislocations, slip bands, interstitials, and precipitates in the lattice structure, which can lead to localized damage.

Nonlinear optical studies of curcumin metal derivatives with cw laser

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Henari, F. Z., E-mail: fzhenari@rcsi-mub.com; Cassidy, S.

2015-03-30

We report on measurements of the nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear absorption coefficients for curcumin and curcumin metal complexes of boron, copper, and iron at different wavelengths using the Z-scan technique. These materials are found to be novel nonlinear media. It was found that the addition of metals slightly influences its nonlinearity. These materials show a large negative nonlinear refractive index of the order of 10{sup −7} cm{sup 2}/W and negative nonlinear absorption of the order of 10{sup −6} cm/W. The origin of the nonlinearity was investigated by comparison of the formalism that is known as the Gaussian decomposition modelmore » with the thermal lens model. The optical limiting behavior based on the nonlinear refractive index was also investigated.« less

Customer Satisfaction with Public Libraries.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

D'Elia, George; Rodger, Eleanor Jo

1996-01-01

Surveys conducted in 142 urban public libraries examined customer satisfaction, comparisons with other libraries, and factors affecting satisfaction. Overall, customers were satisfied with their libraries but experienced different levels of satisfaction based on convenience, availability of materials and information, and services facilitating…

Libraries and Democracy: Information for All.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marston, Betsy

1991-01-01

Discusses libraries and democracy, one of three major themes for the 1991 White House Conference on Library and Information Services. The roles of newspapers and journalists are considered and the censorship of textbooks, library materials, art, and movies is discussed. (LRW)

Utilizing strongly absorbing materials for low-loss surface-wave nonlinear optics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grosse, Nicolai B.; Franz, Philipp; Heckmann, Jan; Pufahl, Karsten; Woggon, Ulrike

2018-04-01

Optical media endowed with large nonlinear susceptibilities are highly prized for their employment in frequency conversion and the generation of nonclassical states of light. Although the presence of an optical resonance can greatly increase the nonlinear response (e.g., in epsilon-near-zero materials), the non-negligible increase in linear absorption often precludes the application of such materials in nonlinear optics. Absorbing materials prepared as thin films, however, can support a low-loss surface wave: the long-range surface exciton polariton (LRSEP). Its propagation lifetime increases with greater intrinsic absorption and reduced film thickness, provided that the film is embedded in a transparent medium (symmetric cladding). We explore LRSEP propagation in a molybdenum film by way of a prism-coupling configuration. Our observations show that excitation of the LRSEP mode leads to a dramatic increase in the yield of second-harmonic generation. This implies that the LRSEP mode is an effective vehicle for utilizing the nonlinear response of absorbing materials.

Numerical solution methods for viscoelastic orthotropic materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gramoll, K. C.; Dillard, D. A.; Brinson, H. F.

1988-01-01

Numerical solution methods for viscoelastic orthotropic materials, specifically fiber reinforced composite materials, are examined. The methods include classical lamination theory using time increments, direction solution of the Volterra Integral, Zienkiewicz's linear Prony series method, and a new method called Nonlinear Differential Equation Method (NDEM) which uses a nonlinear Prony series. The criteria used for comparison of the various methods include the stability of the solution technique, time step size stability, computer solution time length, and computer memory storage. The Volterra Integral allowed the implementation of higher order solution techniques but had difficulties solving singular and weakly singular compliance function. The Zienkiewicz solution technique, which requires the viscoelastic response to be modeled by a Prony series, works well for linear viscoelastic isotropic materials and small time steps. The new method, NDEM, uses a modified Prony series which allows nonlinear stress effects to be included and can be used with orthotropic nonlinear viscoelastic materials. The NDEM technique is shown to be accurate and stable for both linear and nonlinear conditions with minimal computer time.

Circulation policies in health science libraries.

PubMed

Watkins, C; Coker, N C

1970-10-01

There is general agreement that library policies have considerable influence on the use of libraries. Medical school (health science) libraries of this country were surveyed as to their policies in respect to whether faculty and student use were regulated by a single policy, circulation regulations, hours library was accessible to users, accessibility of reserve material, interlibrary loan, policy on overdue material, and exit control. THE LIBRARIES WERE THEN DIVIDED INTO THREE GROUPS, HIGH, MIDDLE, AND LOW ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS: size of student body, size of faculty, size of holdings, size of library staff, annual budget, and annual circulation. Our findings would indicate that schools falling in a high category based upon these criteria tend to be more restrictive in their policies and to have different regulations for faculty and students than do schools in the low category.These findings warrant further study.

Adult Nutrition Education Materials. January 1982-October 1988. Quick Bibliography Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Irving, Holly Berry

This annotated bibliography of materials available from the National Agricultural Library through interlibrary loan to local libraries focuses on nutrition and dietetics as they relate to physical health and special health problems. The bibliography was derived from online searches of the AGRICOLA database, and materials include audiovisuals,…

Standards for School Library/Media Programs, 1972-75.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wisconsin State Dept. of Public Instruction, Madison. Div. of Library Services.

To aid elementary, middle, junior high, and high schools in planning an Instructional Materials Center, this handbook presents standards for this modern concept of a school library. The term Instructional Materials Center (IMC) is used throughout to designate a centralized collection of materials, with a staff of professional and clerical…

Anthropology: Guide to Reference Sources.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mason, Mary G., Ed.

More than 80 anthropology source materials concentrating on cultural and social anthropology are cited in this annotated bibliography. Materials, located in the McLennan Library at McGill University (Montreal), are listed according to type of material. Library of Congress call numbers are presented; dates of publication range from 1950 to 1985.…

Second-order nonlinear optical properties of composite material of an azo-chromophore with a tricyanodiphenyl acceptor in a poly(styrene-co-methyl methacrylate) matrix

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shelkovnikov, Vladimir; Selivanova, Galina; Lyubas, Gleb; Korotaev, Sergey; Shundrina, Inna; Tretyakov, Evgeny; Zueva, Ekaterina; Plekhanov, Alexander; Mikerin, Sergey; Simanchuk, Andrey

2017-07-01

The composite material of new synthesized 4-((4-(N,N-n-dibutylamino) phenyl)diazenyl)-biphenyl-2,3,4-tricarbonitrile (GAS dye) in commercial poly(styrene-co-methyl methacrylate) (PSMMA) was prepared, poled and its nonlinear optical properties compared with DR1 dye were studied. High thermal stability of the composite material was revealed, and the maximal concentration of the chromophore was found to reach ∼20 wt%. The dipole moment, polarizability tensor, and first hyperpolarizability tensor of the investigated dyes were calculated by within the framework of the coupled perturbed density functional theory. A nanosecond second-harmonic generation Maker fringes technique was used which is capable of providing the magnitude of the second-order nonlinearity of optical materials at a wavelength of 1064 nm. For the tested GAS-PSMMA composite material, maximal coefficient d33 was found to be 50 pm/V. The nonlinear optical response, which was achieved here, shows possible usefulness of the GAS dye as a component for molecular design of nonlinear-optical materials with advanced characteristics.

Ring stability of underground toroidal tanks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lubis, Asnawi; Su'udi, Ahmad

2017-06-01

The design of pressure vessels subjected to internal pressure is governed by its strength, while the design of pressure vessels subjected to external pressure is governed by its stability, which is for circular cross-section is called the ring stability. This paper presented the results of finite element study of ring stability of circular toroidal tank without stiffener under external pressure. The tank was placed underground and external pressure load from soil was simulated as pressure at the top of the vessel along 30° circumferentially. One might ask the reason for choosing toroidal rather than cylindrical tank. Preliminary finite element studies showed that toroidal shells can withstand higher external pressure than cylindrical shells. In this study, the volume of the tank was fixed for 15,000 litters. The buckling external pressure (pL) was calculated for radius ratio (R/r) of 2, 3, and 4. The corresponding cross-section radiuses were 724.3 mm, 632.7 mm, and 574.9 mm, respectively. The selected element type was SHELL 281 from the ANSYS element library. To obtain the buckling load, the arc-length method was used in the nonlinear analysis. Both material and geometric nonlinearities were activated during the analysis. The conclusion of this study is that short-radius and thin-walled toroidal shell produces higher buckling load.

Materials library collections as tools for interdisciplinary research

PubMed Central

2018-01-01

ABSTRACT This paper examines how materials libraries are used as tools for interdisciplinary collaboration in 3 research projects that inhabit a disciplinary triangle between materials research, design and user needs: PhysFeel, which explores how materials collections can be used in psychological therapies; Light.Touch.Matters, a design-led project to develop new smart materials; and Hands of X, which uses materials collections to develop a bespoke prosthetics service. The paper analyses and contrasts these case studies to better understand the affordances and limitations of materials collections when used as research, translational and design tools. We conclude that in collaborations between materials researchers, designers and end users, tensions arise as a result of the primacy that each partner gives to creativity, the development of new knowledge and to solving societal problems. The use of a materials library addresses many of these issues but is not a panacea for all the problems associated with interdisciplinary working. PMID:29576803

Materials library collections as tools for interdisciplinary research.

PubMed

Wilkes, S E; Miodownik, M A

2018-01-01

This paper examines how materials libraries are used as tools for interdisciplinary collaboration in 3 research projects that inhabit a disciplinary triangle between materials research, design and user needs: PhysFeel , which explores how materials collections can be used in psychological therapies; Light.Touch.Matters , a design-led project to develop new smart materials; and Hands of X , which uses materials collections to develop a bespoke prosthetics service. The paper analyses and contrasts these case studies to better understand the affordances and limitations of materials collections when used as research, translational and design tools. We conclude that in collaborations between materials researchers, designers and end users, tensions arise as a result of the primacy that each partner gives to creativity, the development of new knowledge and to solving societal problems. The use of a materials library addresses many of these issues but is not a panacea for all the problems associated with interdisciplinary working.

Symposium on New Materials for Nonlinear Optics

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-01-01

C. B. Aakeroy, N. Azoz, P. D. Calvert, M. Kadim, A. J. McCaffery, and K. R. Seddon 35 . Clathrasils: New Materials for Nonlinear Optical...of Quantum Confined Semiconductor Structures - D.S. Chemla 2: 35 Preparation and Characterization of Small Semiconductor Particulates - Norman Herron 3...presiding 2:00 Opening Remarks - John Sohn 2:05 Approaches for the Design of Materials for Nonlinear Optics - M. Lahav 2: 35 Control of Symmetry and Asymmetry

Nonlinear bleaching, absorption, and scattering of 532-nm-irradiated plasmonic nanoparticles

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liberman, V.; Sworin, M.; Kingsborough, R. P.

2013-02-07

Single-pulse irradiation of Au and Ag suspensions of nanospheres and nanodisks with 532-nm 4-ns pulses has identified complex optical nonlinearities while minimizing material damage. For all materials tested, we observe competition between saturable absorption (SA) and reverse SA (RSA), with RSA behavior dominating for intensities above {approx}50 MW/cm{sup 2}. Due to reduced laser damage in single-pulse experiments, the observed intrinsic nonlinear absorption coefficients are the highest reported to date for Au nanoparticles. We find size dependence to the nonlinear absorption enhancement for Au nanoparticles, peaking in magnitude for 80-nm nanospheres and falling off at larger sizes. The nonlinear absorption coefficientsmore » for Au and Ag spheres are comparable in magnitude. On the other hand, the nonlinear absorption for Ag disks, when corrected for volume fraction, is several times higher. These trends in nonlinear absorption are correlated to local electric field enhancement through quasi-static mean-field theory. Through variable size aperture measurements, we also separate nonlinear scattering from nonlinear absorption. For all materials tested, we find that nonlinear scattering is highly directional and that its magnitude is comparable to that of nonlinear absorption. These results indicate methods to improve the efficacy of plasmonic nanoparticles as optical limiters in pulsed laser systems.« less

Research in nonlinear structural and solid mechanics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mccomb, H. G., Jr. (Compiler); Noor, A. K. (Compiler)

1980-01-01

Nonlinear analysis of building structures and numerical solution of nonlinear algebraic equations and Newton's method are discussed. Other topics include: nonlinear interaction problems; solution procedures for nonlinear problems; crash dynamics and advanced nonlinear applications; material characterization, contact problems, and inelastic response; and formulation aspects and special software for nonlinear analysis.

Amber Plug-In for Protein Shop

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Oliva, Ricardo

2004-05-10

The Amber Plug-in for ProteinShop has two main components: an AmberEngine library to compute the protein energy models, and a module to solve the energy minimization problem using an optimization algorithm in the OPTI-+ library. Together, these components allow the visualization of the protein folding process in ProteinShop. AmberEngine is a object-oriented library to compute molecular energies based on the Amber model. The main class is called ProteinEnergy. Its main interface methods are (1) "init" to initialize internal variables needed to compute the energy. (2) "eval" to evaluate the total energy given a vector of coordinates. Additional methods allow themore » user to evaluate the individual components of the energy model (bond, angle, dihedral, non-bonded-1-4, and non-bonded energies) and to obtain the energy of each individual atom. The Amber Engine library source code includes examples and test routines that illustrate the use of the library in stand alone programs. The energy minimization module uses the AmberEngine library and the nonlinear optimization library OPT++. OPT++ is open source software available under the GNU Lesser General Public License. The minimization module currently makes use of the LBFGS optimization algorithm in OPT++ to perform the energy minimization. Future releases may give the user a choice of other algorithms available in OPT++.« less

Design considerations for multi component molecular-polymeric nonlinear optical materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Singer, K. D.; Kuzyk, M. G.; Fang, T.; Holland, W. R.; Cahill, P. A.

1990-08-01

We review our work on multi component polymeric nonlinear optical materials. These materials consist of nonlinear optical molecules incorporated in a polymeric host. A cross-linked triazine polymer incorporating a dicyanovinyl terminated azo dye was found to be relatively stable at 85 deg and possess an electro-optic coefficient of 11pm/V. We have also observed the zero dispersion condition in a new anomalous dispersion dye for phase matched second harmonic generation, and expect efficient conversion to the blue. A squarylium dye, ISQ, has been found to possess a large third order nonlinearity, and may display two-level behavior.

Library Buildings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allen, Walter C.

1976-01-01

Examines a century of library architecture in relation to the changing perceptions of library functions, the development of building techniques and materials, fluctuating esthetic fashions and sometimes wildly erratic economic climates. (Author)

CAD/CAM (Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacture). A Brief Guide to Materials in the Library of Congress.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Havas, George D.

This brief guide to materials in the Library of Congress (LC) on computer aided design and/or computer aided manufacturing lists reference materials and other information sources under 13 headings: (1) brief introductions; (2) LC subject headings used for such materials; (3) textbooks; (4) additional titles; (5) glossaries and handbooks; (6)…

Planning an Integrated On-Line Library system (IOLS)

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-03-01

Logical Workflow for Circulation of Library Materials ............. 14 Figure 9. Detail of Circulation of Libary Materials ...................... 15...Operating Honolulu, HI 96826 System (808) 947-4441 DATA RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, Inc. (ATLAS) 9270 Olive Blvd. St. Louis, MO 01775 DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP... DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP. Stow, MA 01775 (617) 897-7163 EYRING LIBRARY SYSTEMS (CARL) 5280 S. West, Suite E260 Salt Lake City, UT 84107 TANDEM SYSTEMS

USGS Digital Spectral Library splib05a

USGS Publications Warehouse

Clark, Roger N.; Swayze, Gregg A.; Wise, Richard K.; Livo, Eric; Hoefen, Todd M.; Kokaly, Raymond F.; Sutley, Steve J.

2003-01-01

We have assembled a digital reflectance spectral library of spectra that covers wavelengths from the ultraviolet to near-infrared along with sample documentation. The library includes samples of minerals, rocks, soils, physically constructed as well as mathematically computed mixtures, vegetation, microorganisms, and man-made materials. The samples and spectra collected were assembled for the purpose of using spectral features for the remote detection of these and similar materials.

The Relationship of Academic Success and Selected Other Factors to Student Use of Library Materials at College of the Desert.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hostrop, Richard Winfred

This study found that, although some statistically-significant personal characteristics of students were associated with the use of library resources, they played only a minor role in the quantitive use of the materials. Instructors, in assigning term papers and speeches, provided the main impetus to student use of the library. Fewer than 5% of…

Getting the Books Off the Shelves. Making the Most of Your Congregation's Library. Second Revised Edition. CSLA Guide No. 12.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Ruth S.

This second revised edition of a guide to promoting and attracting users to a church library retains most of the material of the previous edition, adds new material, and updates the references. Guidelines are presented in six chapters: (1) "Promoting Library Use" (stages of promotion, ways of attracting the attention and interest of prospective…

A Survey of Collection Development for United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) and National Board Dental Examination (NBDE) Preparation MaterialEC

PubMed Central

Hendrix, Dean; Hasman, Linda

2008-01-01

Objective: The research sought to ascertain medical and dental libraries' collection development policies, evaluation methods, purchase decisions, and issues that relate to print and electronic United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) and National Board Dental Examination (NBDE) preparation materials. Methods: The investigators surveyed librarians supporting American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC)–accredited medical schools (n = 58/125) on the USMLE and librarians supporting American Dental Association (ADA)–accredited dental schools (n = 23/56) on the NBDE. The investigators analyzed the data by cross-tabulating and filtering the results using EFM Continuum web survey software. Investigators also surveyed print and electronic USMLE and NBDE preparation materials from 2004–2007 to determine the number of publications and existence of reviews. Results: A majority of responding AAMC libraries (62%, n = 58) provide at least 1 electronic or online USMLE preparation resource and buy an average of 11.6 print USMLE titles annually. Due to a paucity of NBDE print and electronic resources, ADA libraries bought significantly fewer print resources, and only 1 subscribed to an electronic resource. The most often reported evaluation methods for both populations were feedback from medical or dental students, feedback from medical or dental faculty, and online trials. Some AAMC (10%, n = 58) and ADA libraries (39%, n = 23) libraries reported that no evaluation of these materials occured at their libraries. Conclusions: From 2004–2007, publishers produced 45 USMLE preparation resources (total n = 546) to every 1 NBDE preparation resource (total n = 12). Users' needs, institutional missions and goals, financial status, and official collection policies most often underlie decisions to collect or not collect examination preparation materials. Evaluating the quality of examination preparation materials can be problematic due to lack of published reviews, lack of usability testing by libraries, and librarians' and library users' unfamiliarity with the actual content of examinations. Libraries must integrate faculty and students into the purchase process to make sure examination preparation resources of the highest quality are purchased. PMID:18654641

EDI at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Library

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Amago, B.

1994-01-01

The JPL Library and Information Center orders and claims material elecronically whenever feasible. The NASA Aerospace Research Information Network (ARIN) is used to order books for the library collection; BIP Plus on CD-ROM is used to order office copies. Paper copies of invoices are processed when material is received. Subscriptions are ordered using the vendor's online system; monthly and annual invoices are received both in paper and electronic format (diskette of FTP). Library-developed dbase programs complement or duplicate functions available through ARIN and/or the JPL institutional accounting system.

Teaching Art to Teens in Public Libraries

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crawford Barniskis, Shannon

2013-01-01

One of the hottest terms among public librarians today is "content creation," which involves stuff that library patrons make instead of simply use in a library context. Videos, music, fiction, paintings, 3D printed materials, websites--all these are made in public libraries, and will increase in popularity as more libraries shift from purveyors of…

Introducing ORACLE: Library Processing in a Multi-User Environment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Queensland Library Board, Brisbane (Australia).

Currently being developed by the State Library of Queensland, Australia, ORACLE (On-Line Retrieval of Acquisitions, Cataloguing, and Circulation Details for Library Enquiries) is a computerized library system designed to provide rapid processing of library materials in a multi-user environment. It is based on the Australian MARC format and fully…

This I Believe...All Libraries Should Be Teaching Libraries

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Palmer, Catherine

2011-01-01

In this article, I imagine a library that prioritizes teaching users how to find, evaluate, and use information over the traditional library public service activities of collection development, access to materials, and reference services. If I ran the library, all services would support end-user education. (Contains 1 graph and 1 note.)

Rapid identification of areas of interest in thin film materials libraries by combining electrical, optical, X-ray diffraction, and mechanical high-throughput measurements: a case study for the system Ni-Al.

PubMed

Thienhaus, S; Naujoks, D; Pfetzing-Micklich, J; König, D; Ludwig, A

2014-12-08

The efficient identification of compositional areas of interest in thin film materials systems fabricated by combinatorial deposition methods is essential in combinatorial materials science. We use a combination of compositional screening by EDX together with high-throughput measurements of electrical and optical properties of thin film libraries to determine efficiently the areas of interest in a materials system. Areas of interest are compositions which show distinctive properties. The crystallinity of the thus determined areas is identified by X-ray diffraction. Additionally, by using automated nanoindentation across the materials library, mechanical data of the thin films can be obtained which complements the identification of areas of interest. The feasibility of this approach is demonstrated by using a Ni-Al thin film library as a reference system. The obtained results promise that this approach can be used for the case of ternary and higher order systems.

Federal Library Programs for Acquisition of Foreign Materials.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cylke, Frank Kurt

Sixteen libraries representing those agencies holding membership on the Federal Library Committee were surveyed to determine library foreign language or imprint holdings, acquisitions techniques, procedures and/or problems. Specific questions, relating to holdings, staff, budget and the acquisition, processing, reference and translation services…

Libraries in Wisconsin Institutions: Status Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Merriam, Elizabeth B.

The Wisconsin Library Association Round Table of Hospitals and Institutional Librarians became concerned about adequate funding of institutional libraries; the right of institutionalized persons to read and to have educational, legal, and recreational materials; and the development of staff libraries for treatment, rehabilitation, and research…

Microcomputers in the Anesthesia Library.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wright, A. J.

The combination of computer technology and library operation is helping to alleviate such library problems as escalating costs, increasing collection size, deteriorating materials, unwieldy arrangement schemes, poor subject control, and the acquisition and processing of large numbers of rarely used documents. Small special libraries such as…

Identifying & Inventorying Legacy Materials for Digitization at the National Transportation Library

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2018-01-01

As an all-digital repository of transportation knowledge, the National Transportation Library (NTL) has undertaken several digitization projects over the years to preserve legacy print materials and make them accessible to stakeholders, researchers, ...

Procedures for EPA Libraries to Obtain Materials through Interlibrary Loan/Document Delivery

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The purpose of this document is to establish Agency-wide procedures by which EPA libraries obtain materials for Agency employees and authorized EPA contractors through interlibrary loan (ILL) and other document delivery methods.

Got Clout?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lau, Debra

2002-01-01

Reports results of a nationwide survey of school librarians that shows the increasing influence of librarians. Highlights include authority of library media specialists; career length; salaries; teacher-librarian collaboration; library materials budgets; librarian's role in purchasing materials and selecting vendors; certification; educational…

Costs of Videocartridges as Self-Instructional Materials in the Library.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harris, N. D. C.; Kirkhope, S.

1978-01-01

Costs for the use of videocartridges as self-instructional materials in the library are analyzed. A realistic cost per-student-use is detailed for internal productions, BBC, and Open University off-air productions, and other university productions. Previous studies of video usage are presented in considering television material costs. (RAO)

Improved Indentation Test for Measuring Nonlinear Elasticity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Eldridge, Jeffrey I.

2004-01-01

A cylindrical-punch indentation technique has been developed as a means of measuring the nonlinear elastic responses of materials -- more specifically, for measuring the moduli of elasticity of materials in cases in which these moduli vary with applied loads. This technique offers no advantage for characterizing materials that exhibit purely linear elastic responses (constant moduli of elasticity, independent of applied loads). However, the technique offers a significant advantage for characterizing such important materials as plasma-sprayed thermal-barrier coatings, which, in cyclic loading, exhibit nonlinear elasticity with hysteresis related to compaction and sliding within their microstructures.

Development of solution techniques for nonlinear structural analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vos, R. G.; Andrews, J. S.

1974-01-01

Nonlinear structural solution methods in the current research literature are classified according to order of the solution scheme, and it is shown that the analytical tools for these methods are uniformly derivable by perturbation techniques. A new perturbation formulation is developed for treating an arbitrary nonlinear material, in terms of a finite-difference generated stress-strain expansion. Nonlinear geometric effects are included in an explicit manner by appropriate definition of an applicable strain tensor. A new finite-element pilot computer program PANES (Program for Analysis of Nonlinear Equilibrium and Stability) is presented for treatment of problems involving material and geometric nonlinearities, as well as certain forms on nonconservative loading.

Absorbing Boundary Conditions For Optical Pulses In Dispersive, Nonlinear Materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goorjian, Peter M.; Kwak, Dochan (Technical Monitor)

1995-01-01

This paper will present results in computational nonlinear optics. An algorithm will be described that provides absorbing boundary conditions for optical pulses in dispersive, nonlinear materials. A new numerical absorber at the boundaries has been developed that is responsive to the spectral content of the pulse. Also, results will be shown of calculations of 2-D electromagnetic nonlinear waves computed by directly integrating in time the nonlinear vector Maxwell's equations. The results will include simulations of "light bullet" like pulses. Here diffraction and dispersion will be counteracted by nonlinear effects. Comparisons will be shown of calculations that use the standard boundary conditions and the new ones.

Automatic Design of Synthetic Gene Circuits through Mixed Integer Non-linear Programming

PubMed Central

Huynh, Linh; Kececioglu, John; Köppe, Matthias; Tagkopoulos, Ilias

2012-01-01

Automatic design of synthetic gene circuits poses a significant challenge to synthetic biology, primarily due to the complexity of biological systems, and the lack of rigorous optimization methods that can cope with the combinatorial explosion as the number of biological parts increases. Current optimization methods for synthetic gene design rely on heuristic algorithms that are usually not deterministic, deliver sub-optimal solutions, and provide no guaranties on convergence or error bounds. Here, we introduce an optimization framework for the problem of part selection in synthetic gene circuits that is based on mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP), which is a deterministic method that finds the globally optimal solution and guarantees convergence in finite time. Given a synthetic gene circuit, a library of characterized parts, and user-defined constraints, our method can find the optimal selection of parts that satisfy the constraints and best approximates the objective function given by the user. We evaluated the proposed method in the design of three synthetic circuits (a toggle switch, a transcriptional cascade, and a band detector), with both experimentally constructed and synthetic promoter libraries. Scalability and robustness analysis shows that the proposed framework scales well with the library size and the solution space. The work described here is a step towards a unifying, realistic framework for the automated design of biological circuits. PMID:22536398

Significance of clustering and classification applications in digital and physical libraries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Triantafyllou, Ioannis; Koulouris, Alexandros; Zervos, Spiros; Dendrinos, Markos; Giannakopoulos, Georgios

2015-02-01

Applications of clustering and classification techniques can be proved very significant in both digital and physical (paper-based) libraries. The most essential application, document classification and clustering, is crucial for the content that is produced and maintained in digital libraries, repositories, databases, social media, blogs etc., based on various tags and ontology elements, transcending the traditional library-oriented classification schemes. Other applications with very useful and beneficial role in the new digital library environment involve document routing, summarization and query expansion. Paper-based libraries can benefit as well since classification combined with advanced material characterization techniques such as FTIR (Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy) can be vital for the study and prevention of material deterioration. An improved two-level self-organizing clustering architecture is proposed in order to enhance the discrimination capacity of the learning space, prior to classification, yielding promising results when applied to the above mentioned library tasks.

Costing Question Handling and ILL/Photocopying. A Study of Two State Contract Libraries in New Jersey. Volume II: Annexes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robinson, Barbara M.

This report contains annex materials from a study conducted for the New Jersey State Library (NJSL) with two major objectives: (1) to determine how much it costs two state contract libraries--the Central Library of the Newark Public Library and the Bureau of Law and Reference of the New Jersey State Library--to provide supplemental question…

The New York State Program for the Conservation and Preservation of Library Research Materials. Selected Press Clippings about Projects Funded by the Discretionary Grant Program, 1988/89 and 1989/90.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New York State Library, Albany. Div. of Library Development.

This document is composed of clippings from news publications and press releases about projects funded by the New York State Discretionary Grant Program for Conservation and Preservation of Library Research Materials, which annually awards $500,000 to libraries, archives, historical societies, and similar agencies in New York State through…

Library of Advanced Materials for Engineering (LAME) 4.44.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Scherzinger, William M.; Lester, Brian T.

Accurate and efficient constitutive modeling remains a cornerstone issues for solid mechanics analysis. Over the years, the LAME advanced material model library has grown to address this challenge by implementing models capable of describing material systems spanning soft polymers to s ti ff ceramics including both isotropic and anisotropic responses. Inelastic behaviors including (visco) plasticity, damage, and fracture have all incorporated for use in various analyses. This multitude of options and flexibility, however, comes at the cost of many capabilities, features, and responses and the ensuing complexity in the resulting implementation. Therefore, to enhance confidence and enable the utilization ofmore » the LAME library in application, this effort seeks to document and verify the various models in the LAME library. Specifically, the broader strategy, organization, and interface of the library itself is first presented. The physical theory, numerical implementation, and user guide for a large set of models is then discussed. Importantly, a number of verification tests are performed with each model to not only have confidence in the model itself but also highlight some important response characteristics and features that may be of interest to end-users. Finally, in looking ahead to the future, approaches to add material models to this library and further expand the capabilities are presented.« less

Library of Advanced Materials for Engineering (LAME) 4.48.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Scherzinger, William M.; Lester, Brian T.

Accurate and efficient constitutive modeling remains a cornerstone issues for solid mechanics analysis. Over the years, the LAME advanced material model library has grown to address this challenge by implement- ing models capable of describing material systems spanning soft polymers to stiff ceramics including both isotropic and anisotropic responses. Inelastic behaviors including (visco)plasticity, damage, and fracture have all incorporated for use in various analyses. This multitude of options and flexibility, however, comes at the cost of many capabilities, features, and responses and the ensuing complexity in the resulting imple- mentation. Therefore, to enhance confidence and enable the utilization of themore » LAME library in application, this effort seeks to document and verify the various models in the LAME library. Specifically, the broader strategy, organization, and interface of the library itself is first presented. The physical theory, numerical implementation, and user guide for a large set of models is then discussed. Importantly, a number of verifi- cation tests are performed with each model to not only have confidence in the model itself but also highlight some important response characteristics and features that may be of interest to end-users. Finally, in looking ahead to the future, approaches to add material models to this library and further expand the capabilities are presented.« less

28 CFR 544.101 - Procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Library Services § 544.101 Procedures. (a) The Warden shall assign a staff member (ordinarily the Supervisor of Education) responsibility for the inmate library. (b) The inmate library shall offer an inmate... origin, staff shall attempt to provide reading materials in the inmates' language. (d) Inmate library...

28 CFR 544.101 - Procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Library Services § 544.101 Procedures. (a) The Warden shall assign a staff member (ordinarily the Supervisor of Education) responsibility for the inmate library. (b) The inmate library shall offer an inmate... origin, staff shall attempt to provide reading materials in the inmates' language. (d) Inmate library...

28 CFR 544.101 - Procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Library Services § 544.101 Procedures. (a) The Warden shall assign a staff member (ordinarily the Supervisor of Education) responsibility for the inmate library. (b) The inmate library shall offer an inmate... origin, staff shall attempt to provide reading materials in the inmates' language. (d) Inmate library...

28 CFR 544.101 - Procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Library Services § 544.101 Procedures. (a) The Warden shall assign a staff member (ordinarily the Supervisor of Education) responsibility for the inmate library. (b) The inmate library shall offer an inmate... origin, staff shall attempt to provide reading materials in the inmates' language. (d) Inmate library...

28 CFR 544.101 - Procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Library Services § 544.101 Procedures. (a) The Warden shall assign a staff member (ordinarily the Supervisor of Education) responsibility for the inmate library. (b) The inmate library shall offer an inmate... origin, staff shall attempt to provide reading materials in the inmates' language. (d) Inmate library...

Social Science Libraries Section. Special Libraries Division. Papers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

International Federation of Library Associations, The Hague (Netherlands).

Three papers on the nonconventional literature and social science libraries were presented at the 1983 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference. In "Grey Material: A Scandinavian View," Birgitta Bergdahl (Sweden) outlines the etymology and meaning of the concept of "grey literature" (which can include…

Evaluating School Library Information Services in the Digital Age.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Everhart, Nancy

2000-01-01

Discusses criteria for evaluating school library information services. Highlights include types of services; physical facilities; library usage; circulation statistics; changes due to technology; fill rate, or the percentage of successful searches for library materials; OPAC (online public access catalog) reports; observation; and examining…

Bookmobile Provides Home-Schoolers with Regular Library Period.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lockwood, Annette

1996-01-01

The bookmobile of Lancaster County Library (Pennsylvania) provides library services to the home schooled children of isolated, rural communities. Home schooling and bookmobile usage have increased proportionally, and bookmobiles act as "library periods" for the home schooled, provide materials to support curricula, and supply…

[The Andrew Heiskell Library for the Blind and Physically Handicapped.] A Library with a Difference. Projects and Experiments.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jarkon, Joe; Fitzpatrick, Vicki, Ed.

This publication describes the Andrew Heiskell Library for the Blind and Physically Handicapped, a regional library for the National Library Service (NLS) example of the creative use of physical space and innovative technology. The publication focuses on the materials-handling system designed for the new facility, including system design…

The National and University Library in Zagreb: The Goal Is Known--How Can It Be Attained?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miletic-Vejzovic, Laila

1994-01-01

Provides an overview of the state of libraries and their resources in Croatia. Highlights include destruction of libraries resulting from the war; the need for centralization, uniformity, and standards; the role of the National and University Library; processing library materials; and the development of an automated system and network. (Contains…

"The Open Library at AU" (Athabasca University): Supporting Open Access and Open Educational Resources

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Elliott, Colin; Fabbro, Elaine

2015-01-01

To address challenges that learners, course creators, librarians and academics involved with OER and MOOCs are facing when looking for scholarly materials, Athabasca University Library has initiated the development of "the Open Library at AU." This open library is a full library website that provides easy access to open and free…

South Carolina State Library Annual Report 1991-1992.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

South Carolina State Library, Columbia.

In fiscal year 1992, state funding to the South Carolina State Library was reduced on four occasions, but the library staff performed at high levels. Despite a 38 percent reduction in the library materials budget, the State Library had its best year ever in terms of providing information, with the number of items loaned continuing to increase. In…

Will the New Technologies Kill the Public Library?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wicklein, John

With fiber optic networks that can deliver library materials directly to the user from computerized data banks, is there any need for the library function? For the short term, public libraries will survive. The answer for the medium and long-term is much less certain. Libraries will survive if librarians see themselves as active providers of…

Summary of lessons learned from the MDOT MEPDG materials library study.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-06-01

From 2004 to 2009, Burns Cooley Dennis, Inc. (BCD) participated in two important research studies designed to populate the materials library for implementation of the new Mechanistic-Empirical pavement design method (MEPDG) in Mississippi. The purpos...

Finite difference time domain calculation of transients in antennas with nonlinear loads

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Luebbers, Raymond J.; Beggs, John H.; Kunz, Karl S.; Chamberlin, Kent

1991-01-01

In this paper transient fields for antennas with more general geometries are calculated directly using Finite Difference Time Domain methods. In each FDTD cell which contains a nonlinear load, a nonlinear equation is solved at each time step. As a test case the transient current in a long dipole antenna with a nonlinear load excited by a pulsed plane wave is computed using this approach. The results agree well with both calculated and measured results previously published. The approach given here extends the applicability of the FDTD method to problems involving scattering from targets including nonlinear loads and materials, and to coupling between antennas containing nonlinear loads. It may also be extended to propagation through nonlinear materials.

Measurement of nonlinear optical refraction of composite material based on sapphire with silver by Kerr-lens autocorrelation method.

PubMed

Yu, Xiang-xiang; Wang, Yu-hua

2014-01-13

Silver nanoparticles synthesized in a synthetic sapphire matrix were fabricated by ion implantation using the metal vapor vacuum arc ion source. The optical absorption spectrum of the Ag: Al2O3 composite material has been measured. The analysis of the supercontinuum spectrum displayed the nonlinear refractive property of this kind of sample. Nonlinear optical refraction index was identified at 800 nm excitation using the Kerr-lens autocorrelation (KLAC) technique. The spectrum showed that the material possessed self-defocusing property (n(2) = -1.1 × 10(-15) cm(2)W). The mechanism of nonlinear refraction has been discussed.

Toward energy harvesting using active materials and conversion improvement by nonlinear processing.

PubMed

Guyomar, Daniel; Badel, Adrien; Lefeuvre, Elie; Richard, Claude

2005-04-01

This paper presents a new technique of electrical energy generation using mechanically excited piezoelectric materials and a nonlinear process. This technique, called synchronized switch harvesting (SSH), is derived from the synchronized switch damping (SSD), which is a nonlinear technique previously developed to address the problem of vibration damping on mechanical structures. This technique results in a significant increase of the electromechanical conversion capability of piezoelectric materials. Comparatively with standard technique, the electrical harvested power may be increased above 900%. The performance of the nonlinear processing is demonstrated on structures excited at their resonance frequency as well as out of resonance.

libSRES: a C library for stochastic ranking evolution strategy for parameter estimation.

PubMed

Ji, Xinglai; Xu, Ying

2006-01-01

Estimation of kinetic parameters in a biochemical pathway or network represents a common problem in systems studies of biological processes. We have implemented a C library, named libSRES, to facilitate a fast implementation of computer software for study of non-linear biochemical pathways. This library implements a (mu, lambda)-ES evolutionary optimization algorithm that uses stochastic ranking as the constraint handling technique. Considering the amount of computing time it might require to solve a parameter-estimation problem, an MPI version of libSRES is provided for parallel implementation, as well as a simple user interface. libSRES is freely available and could be used directly in any C program as a library function. We have extensively tested the performance of libSRES on various pathway parameter-estimation problems and found its performance to be satisfactory. The source code (in C) is free for academic users at http://csbl.bmb.uga.edu/~jix/science/libSRES/

Public library consumer health information pilot project: results of a National Library of Medicine evaluation

PubMed Central

Wood, Fred B.; Lyon, Becky; Schell, Mary Beth; Kitendaugh, Paula; Cid, Victor H.; Siegel, Elliot R.

2000-01-01

In October 1998, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) launched a pilot project to learn about the role of public libraries in providing health information to the public and to generate information that would assist NLM and the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM) in learning how best to work with public libraries in the future. Three regional medical libraries (RMLs), eight resource libraries, and forty-one public libraries or library systems from nine states and the District of Columbia were selected for participation. The pilot project included an evaluation component that was carried out in parallel with project implementation. The evaluation ran through September 1999. The results of the evaluation indicated that participating public librarians were enthusiastic about the training and information materials provided as part of the project and that many public libraries used the materials and conducted their own outreach to local communities and groups. Most libraries applied the modest funds to purchase additional Internet-accessible computers and/or upgrade their health-reference materials. However, few of the participating public libraries had health information centers (although health information was perceived as a top-ten or top-five topic of interest to patrons). Also, the project generated only minimal usage of NLM's consumer health database, known as MEDLINEplus, from the premises of the monitored libraries (patron usage from home or office locations was not tracked). The evaluation results suggested a balanced follow-up by NLM and the NN/LM, with a few carefully selected national activities, complemented by a package of targeted activities that, as of January 2000, are being planned, developed, or implemented. The results also highlighted the importance of building an evaluation component into projects like this one from the outset, to assure that objectives were met and that evaluative information was available on a timely basis, as was the case here. PMID:11055298

Public library consumer health information pilot project: results of a National Library of Medicine evaluation.

PubMed

Wood, F B; Lyon, B; Schell, M B; Kitendaugh, P; Cid, V H; Siegel, E R

2000-10-01

In October 1998, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) launched a pilot project to learn about the role of public libraries in providing health information to the public and to generate information that would assist NLM and the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM) in learning how best to work with public libraries in the future. Three regional medical libraries (RMLs), eight resource libraries, and forty-one public libraries or library systems from nine states and the District of Columbia were selected for participation. The pilot project included an evaluation component that was carried out in parallel with project implementation. The evaluation ran through September 1999. The results of the evaluation indicated that participating public librarians were enthusiastic about the training and information materials provided as part of the project and that many public libraries used the materials and conducted their own outreach to local communities and groups. Most libraries applied the modest funds to purchase additional Internet-accessible computers and/or upgrade their health-reference materials. However, few of the participating public libraries had health information centers (although health information was perceived as a top-ten or top-five topic of interest to patrons). Also, the project generated only minimal usage of NLM's consumer health database, known as MEDLINEplus, from the premises of the monitored libraries (patron usage from home or office locations was not tracked). The evaluation results suggested a balanced follow-up by NLM and the NN/LM, with a few carefully selected national activities, complemented by a package of targeted activities that, as of January 2000, are being planned, developed, or implemented. The results also highlighted the importance of building an evaluation component into projects like this one from the outset, to assure that objectives were met and that evaluative information was available on a timely basis, as was the case here.

Temperature dependence of nonlinear optical properties in Li doped nano-carbon bowl material

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Wei-qi; Zhou, Xin; Chang, Ying; Quan Tian, Wei; Sun, Xiu-Dong

2013-04-01

The mechanism for change of nonlinear optical (NLO) properties with temperature is proposed for a nonlinear optical material, Li doped curved nano-carbon bowl. Four stable conformations of Li doped corannulene were located and their electronic properties were investigated in detail. The NLO response of those Li doped conformations varies with relative position of doping agent on the curved carbon surface of corannulene. Conversion among those Li doped conformations, which could be controlled by temperature, changes the NLO response of bulk material. Thus, conformation change of alkali metal doped carbon nano-material with temperature rationalizes the variation of NLO properties of those materials.

Z-scan: A simple technique for determination of third-order optical nonlinearity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Singh, Vijender, E-mail: chahal-gju@rediffmail.com; Aghamkar, Praveen, E-mail: p-aghamkar@yahoo.co.in

Z-scan is a simple experimental technique to measure intensity dependent nonlinear susceptibilities of third-order nonlinear optical materials. This technique is used to measure the sign and magnitude of both real and imaginary part of the third order nonlinear susceptibility (χ{sup (3)}) of nonlinear optical materials. In this paper, we investigate third-order nonlinear optical properties of Ag-polymer composite film by using single beam z-scan technique with Q-switched, frequency doubled Nd: YAG laser (λ=532 nm) at 5 ns pulse. The values of nonlinear absorption coefficient (β), nonlinear refractive index (n{sub 2}) and third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility (χ{sup (3)}) of permethylazine were found to bemore » 9.64 × 10{sup −7} cm/W, 8.55 × 10{sup −12} cm{sup 2}/W and 5.48 × 10{sup −10} esu, respectively.« less

High-throughput characterization of stresses in thin film materials libraries using Si cantilever array wafers and digital holographic microscopy.

PubMed

Lai, Y W; Hamann, S; Ehmann, M; Ludwig, A

2011-06-01

We report the development of an advanced high-throughput stress characterization method for thin film materials libraries sputter-deposited on micro-machined cantilever arrays consisting of around 1500 cantilevers on 4-inch silicon-on-insulator wafers. A low-cost custom-designed digital holographic microscope (DHM) is employed to simultaneously monitor the thin film thickness, the surface topography and the curvature of each of the cantilevers before and after deposition. The variation in stress state across the thin film materials library is then calculated by Stoney's equation based on the obtained radii of curvature of the cantilevers and film thicknesses. DHM with nanometer-scale out-of-plane resolution allows stress measurements in a wide range, at least from several MPa to several GPa. By using an automatic x-y translation stage, the local stresses within a 4-inch materials library are mapped with high accuracy within 10 min. The speed of measurement is greatly improved compared with the prior laser scanning approach that needs more than an hour of measuring time. A high-throughput stress measurement of an as-deposited Fe-Pd-W materials library was evaluated for demonstration. The fast characterization method is expected to accelerate the development of (functional) thin films, e.g., (magnetic) shape memory materials, whose functionality is greatly stress dependent. © 2011 American Institute of Physics

Keeping a Dream Alive: Cooper Union Library.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Iwan, Irene

1984-01-01

Profiles the Cooper Union Library, a private academic library specializing in architecture, art, and engineering that celebrated its 125th anniversary in fall 1984. Highlights include a biographical sketch of the college's founder, Peter Cooper; construction of the building; curriculum changes; library services and materials; and cooperative and…

28 CFR 544.100 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... EDUCATION Inmate Library Services § 544.100 Purpose and scope. The Bureau of Prisons provides inmates within each of its institutions with library services necessary for educational, cultural, and leisure activity. The Warden shall ensure that the inmate library has a wide variety of reading materials. Library...

42 CFR 4.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL PROVISIONS NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE..., videotapes, recordings, manuscripts, and other resource materials of the library. It does not include data..., nor does it include “records” of the Library as defined in 45 CFR 5.5. Records of the Library are...

28 CFR 544.100 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... EDUCATION Inmate Library Services § 544.100 Purpose and scope. The Bureau of Prisons provides inmates within each of its institutions with library services necessary for educational, cultural, and leisure activity. The Warden shall ensure that the inmate library has a wide variety of reading materials. Library...

28 CFR 544.100 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... EDUCATION Inmate Library Services § 544.100 Purpose and scope. The Bureau of Prisons provides inmates within each of its institutions with library services necessary for educational, cultural, and leisure activity. The Warden shall ensure that the inmate library has a wide variety of reading materials. Library...

28 CFR 544.100 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... EDUCATION Inmate Library Services § 544.100 Purpose and scope. The Bureau of Prisons provides inmates within each of its institutions with library services necessary for educational, cultural, and leisure activity. The Warden shall ensure that the inmate library has a wide variety of reading materials. Library...

Workbook for the Introduction to the Library.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rice, Sheila

To introduce undergraduate students to the library and to familiarize them with the various indexing systems and reference materials, the University of Michigan has produced this workbook designed specifically for their library. The information and exercises included cover physical layout, the card catalog, the Library of Congress Classification…

42 CFR 4.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL PROVISIONS NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE..., videotapes, recordings, manuscripts, and other resource materials of the library. It does not include data..., nor does it include “records” of the Library as defined in 45 CFR 5.5. Records of the Library are...

42 CFR 4.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL PROVISIONS NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE..., videotapes, recordings, manuscripts, and other resource materials of the library. It does not include data..., nor does it include “records” of the Library as defined in 45 CFR 5.5. Records of the Library are...

47 CFR 54.500 - Terms and definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...) A research library, which for the purpose of this section means a library that: (i) Makes publicly available library services and materials suitable for scholarly research and not otherwise available to the... SERVICE Universal Service Support for Schools and Libraries § 54.500 Terms and definitions. (a) Billed...

42 CFR 4.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL PROVISIONS NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE..., videotapes, recordings, manuscripts, and other resource materials of the library. It does not include data..., nor does it include “records” of the Library as defined in 45 CFR 5.5. Records of the Library are...

Libraries and the Literacy Challenge: The Frontier of the 90's. Proceedings of the Mountain Plains Library Association Academic Library Section Research Forum (Bismarck, North Dakota, September 23-26, 1987).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hatfield, V. Sue, Ed.

The following papers were presented at a joint conference of the Mountain Plains Library Association, the North Dakota Library Association, and the South Dakota Library Association in September 1987: (1) "Catalog Backlog Project" (Kay Juricek, Tedine Roos, and Carol White); (2) "How Are We Doing? Using a Materials Availability…

Engineering on-chip nanoporous gold material libraries via precision photothermal treatment [Precision Photothermal Annealing of Nanoporous Gold Thin Films for the Microfabrication of a Single-ship Material Libraries

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chapman, Christopher A. R.; Wang, Ling; Biener, Juergen

Single-chip material libraries of thin films of nanostructured materials are a promising approach for high throughput studies of structure-property relationship in the fields of physics and biology. Nanoporous gold (np-Au), produced by an alloy corrosion process, is a nanostructured material of specific interest in both these fields. One attractive property of np-Au is its self-similar coarsening behavior by thermally induced surface diffusion. However, traditional heat application techniques for the modification of np-Au are bulk processes that cannot be used to generate a library of different pore sizes on a single chip. Laser micromachining offers an attractive solution to this problemmore » by providing a means to apply energy with high spatial and temporal resolution. In our present study we use finite element multiphysics simulations to predict the effects of laser mode (continuous-wave vs. pulsed) and supporting substrate thermal conductivity on the local np-Au film temperatures during photothermal annealing and subsequently investigate the mechanisms by which the np-Au network is coarsening. Our simulations predict that continuous-wave mode laser irradiation on a silicon supporting substrate supports the widest range of morphologies that can be created through the photothermal annealing of thin film np-Au. Using this result we successfully fabricate a single-chip material library consisting of 81 np-Au samples of 9 different morphologies for use in increased throughput material interaction studies.« less

Engineering on-chip nanoporous gold material libraries via precision photothermal treatment [Precision Photothermal Annealing of Nanoporous Gold Thin Films for the Microfabrication of a Single-ship Material Libraries

DOE PAGES

Chapman, Christopher A. R.; Wang, Ling; Biener, Juergen; ...

2016-01-01

Single-chip material libraries of thin films of nanostructured materials are a promising approach for high throughput studies of structure-property relationship in the fields of physics and biology. Nanoporous gold (np-Au), produced by an alloy corrosion process, is a nanostructured material of specific interest in both these fields. One attractive property of np-Au is its self-similar coarsening behavior by thermally induced surface diffusion. However, traditional heat application techniques for the modification of np-Au are bulk processes that cannot be used to generate a library of different pore sizes on a single chip. Laser micromachining offers an attractive solution to this problemmore » by providing a means to apply energy with high spatial and temporal resolution. In our present study we use finite element multiphysics simulations to predict the effects of laser mode (continuous-wave vs. pulsed) and supporting substrate thermal conductivity on the local np-Au film temperatures during photothermal annealing and subsequently investigate the mechanisms by which the np-Au network is coarsening. Our simulations predict that continuous-wave mode laser irradiation on a silicon supporting substrate supports the widest range of morphologies that can be created through the photothermal annealing of thin film np-Au. Using this result we successfully fabricate a single-chip material library consisting of 81 np-Au samples of 9 different morphologies for use in increased throughput material interaction studies.« less

Personnel Administration: The Case Method of Teaching *

PubMed Central

Shaffer, Kenneth R.

1965-01-01

Only recently are case materials being used in the area of personnel administration, general library administration, and reference services. These permit more intellectual involvement on the part of the student than do the generalizations which result from the traditional lecture-discussion techniques. The medical library field has a professional character quite particular to itself. This is illustrated by its highly specialized clienteles, the quite special nature of the materials involved and their control, and the aura of special ethical considerations involved in any aspect of medicine. The development of a body of case materials would seem to have merit as a teaching vehicle for the medical library course, for in-service training in larger medical libraries, for workshops and institutes, and as a learning vehicle for the individual medical librarian. PMID:5832703

Extrinsic Contribution and Instability Properties in Lead-Based and Lead-Free Piezoceramics

PubMed Central

García, José Eduardo

2015-01-01

Piezoceramic materials generally exhibit a notable instability of their functional properties when they work under real external conditions. This undesirable effect, known as nonlinear behavior, is mostly associated with the extrinsic contribution to material response. In this article, the role of the ferroelectric domain walls’ motion in the nonlinear response in the most workable lead-based and lead-free piezoceramics is reviewed. Initially, the extrinsic origin of the nonlinear response is discussed in terms of the temperature dependence of material response. The influence of the crystallographic phase and of the phase boundaries on the material response are then reviewed. Subsequently, the impact of the defects created by doping in order to control the extrinsic contribution is discussed as a way of tuning material properties. Finally, some aspects related to the grain-size effect on the nonlinear response of piezoceramics are surveyed. PMID:28793681

Conservation, Preservation, and Digitization.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lynch, Clifford A.; Brownrigg, Edwin B.

1986-01-01

Digital technologies should be considered a method of preservation for library materials. Current conservation strategies of restoration, deacidification, and microfilming are expensive, and they limit access. Digitization offers improved access while preserving materials and reflects a change in the library role from depository of printed…

ANSL-V: ENDF/B-V based multigroup cross-section libraries for Advanced Neutron Source (ANS) reactor studies. Supplement 1

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wright, R.Q.; Renier, J.P.; Bucholz, J.A.

1995-08-01

The original ANSL-V cross-section libraries (ORNL-6618) were developed over a period of several years for the physics analysis of the ANS reactor, with little thought toward including the materials commonly needed for shielding applications. Materials commonly used for shielding applications include calcium barium, sulfur, phosphorous, and bismuth. These materials, as well as {sup 6}Li, {sup 7}Li, and the naturally occurring isotopes of hafnium, have been added to the ANSL-V libraries. The gamma-ray production and gamma-ray interaction cross sections were completely regenerated for the ANSL-V 99n/44g library which did not exist previously. The MALOCS module was used to collapse the 99n/44gmore » coupled library to the 39n/44g broad- group library. COMET was used to renormalize the two-dimensional (2- D) neutron matrix sums to agree with the one-dimensional (1-D) averaged values. The FRESH module was used to adjust the thermal scattering matrices on the 99n/44g and 39n/44g ANSL-V libraries. PERFUME was used to correct the original XLACS Legendre polynomial fits to produce acceptable distributions. The final ANSL-V 99n/44g and 39n/44g cross-section libraries were both checked by running RADE. The AIM module was used to convert the master cross-section libraries from binary coded decimal to binary format (or vice versa).« less

MLA Exchange and Medical Libraries in India

PubMed Central

Pathan, A. M.

1973-01-01

The paper deals with problems in obtaining single issues and complete volumes of medical periodicals through the international exchanges, mainly the Medical Library Association Exchange. It describes in detail how St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, acquires exchange material. It stresses the need to make the MLA Exchange known to those libraries which are presently unaware of its existence. Means of shipping exchange materials in the United States and Canada are also discussed. PMID:4702805

Oregon Intellectual Freedom Clearinghouse. Second Annual Report, July 1, 1988-June 30, 1989.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oregon State Library, Salem. Intellectual Freedom Clearinghouse.

Challenges against library materials that were reported to the Oregon Intellectual Freedom Clearinghouse by Oregon libraries during its second full year of operation totalled 34 books, 13 of which were owned by public libraries and 21 by school libraries. The first challenge against an art exhibit in a public library was also reported. In 25 of…

Efficient Solutions for Time-Consuming Jobs in the Library

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bailey, Kieren

2011-01-01

Two of the most time-consuming jobs in the library are taking inventory and keeping track of in-house uses of library material. Librarians have long been searching for more efficient solution for these two activities. New technology can be the answer to creating efficiency for libraries. In fact, if one is a SirsiDynix library, there is an easy…

Fabrication and Characterization of Thin Film Ion Implanted Composite Materials for Integrated Nonlinear Optical Devices

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sarkisov, S.; Curley, M.; Williams, E. K.; Wilkosz, A.; Ila, D.; Poker, D. B.; Hensley, D. K.; Smith, C.; Banks, C.; Penn, B.;

System Migration in ARL Libraries. SPEC Kit 185.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pattie, Ling-yuh W.; Lach, Michael

This publication reports results of a survey of 83 ARL (Association of Research Libraries) member libraries that examined the decision making process in migration from one automated library system to another. Data are reported on planning; implementation; workflow redesign; and training, publicity, and evaluation. Supplemental materials include:…

User and Library Failures in an Undergraduate Library.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Rita Hoyt; Granade, Warner

1978-01-01

A survey was conducted in the undergraduate library at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, to determine the availability rate of library materials. The results indicated that 53.8 percent of the titles searched were located on the shelves. Reasons for failure, recommendations for improvement, the questionnaire used, and data tables are…

Library Collections Development and Maintenance Policies and Procedures Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tubesing, Richard

This manual for the College of the Southwest (New Mexico) library delineates collection development policies and procedures for library and teaching faculty. The first section deals with collection development and maintenance responsibilities: knowledge of the collection; knowledge of college and course needs; library materials budget allocations;…

The Dag Hammarskjold Library Reaches Out to the World.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chepesiuk, Ron

1998-01-01

Describes services offered at the Dag Hammarskjold Library at the United Nations (UN). Highlights include adopting new technology for a virtual library; the international law collection which is now accessible through the World Wide Web; UN depository libraries; material available on the Internet; the Optical Disk System, a storage/retrieval…

36 CFR 701.4 - Contracting Officers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Section 701.4 Parks, Forests, and Public Property LIBRARY OF CONGRESS PROCEDURES AND SERVICES § 701.4... Library have been delegated authority to contract for materials and services on behalf of the Library of Congress. Contact the Office of the General Counsel of the Library at 202-707-6316 for information on...

36 CFR 701.4 - Contracting Officers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Section 701.4 Parks, Forests, and Public Property LIBRARY OF CONGRESS PROCEDURES AND SERVICES § 701.4... Library have been delegated authority to contract for materials and services on behalf of the Library of Congress. Contact the Office of the General Counsel of the Library at 202-707-6316 for information on...

36 CFR 1281.3 - What definitions apply to this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... ADMINISTRATION NARA FACILITIES PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY FACILITIES § 1281.3 What definitions apply to this part? The... materials in the care and custody of the Presidential libraries, and includes the salaries and expenses of NARA personnel performing those functions. Endowment library. This term means a Presidential library...

36 CFR 701.4 - Contracting Officers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Section 701.4 Parks, Forests, and Public Property LIBRARY OF CONGRESS PROCEDURES AND SERVICES § 701.4... Library have been delegated authority to contract for materials and services on behalf of the Library of Congress. Contact the Office of the General Counsel of the Library at 202-707-6316 for information on...

36 CFR § 1281.3 - What definitions apply to this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... ADMINISTRATION NARA FACILITIES PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY FACILITIES § 1281.3 What definitions apply to this part? The... materials in the care and custody of the Presidential libraries, and includes the salaries and expenses of NARA personnel performing those functions. Endowment library. This term means a Presidential library...

36 CFR 701.4 - Contracting Officers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Section 701.4 Parks, Forests, and Public Property LIBRARY OF CONGRESS PROCEDURES AND SERVICES § 701.4... Library have been delegated authority to contract for materials and services on behalf of the Library of Congress. Contact the Office of the General Counsel of the Library at 202-707-6316 for information on...

Library Hospitality: Some Preliminary Considerations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Eric D. M.; Kazmer, Michelle M.

2011-01-01

Library scholars and practitioners have frequently reflected on the various factors that in combination make up a hospitable library, but there has been little theoretical synthesis of the notion of the library as a place of hospitality. The hospitality industry provides a rich vein of theoretical material from which to draw definitions of…

California Library Laws, 2008

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Paul G., Ed.

2008-01-01

"California Library Laws 2008" is a selective guide to state laws and related materials that most directly affect the everyday operations of public libraries and organizations that work with public libraries. It is intended as a convenient reference, not as a replacement for the annotated codes or for legal advice. The guide is organized…

Collection Development in 19 Libraries of the Association of Research Libraries.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baatz, Wilmer H.

The objective of this study was to determine how large research libraries perform the function of collection development. The paper describes collection development theory within the formal organizational structure of the library, identifies the actual decision points involved in selection of materials, and examines the staff and facilities…

Survey of State Library Agencies, 1977.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilkins, Barratt

This report is a collection of statistical tables whose data were derived from a survey of state library agencies about activities during fiscal year 1977. Subject matter of the tables includes (1) location of state library agencies within state government departments; (2) services administered; library material collections, and additions to these…

An automated library financial management system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dueker, S.; Gustafson, L.

1977-01-01

A computerized library acquisition system developed for control of informational materials acquired at NASA Ames Research Center is described. The system monitors the acquisition of both library and individual researchers' orders and supplies detailed financial, statistical, and bibliographical information. Applicability for other libraries and the future availability of the program is discussed.

Research Libraries' Costs of Doing Business (and Strategies for Avoiding Them)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greenstein, Daniel

2004-01-01

With today's relatively flat budgets, research libraries are finding their buying power further diminished by the hyperinflationary costs of library materials. Yet technology innovation, coupled with organizational restructuring, is enabling libraries not only to provide more high-quality information services but also to achieve unparalleled…

The Rise of the Digital Public Library

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McKendrick, Joseph

2012-01-01

There is a growing shift to digital offerings among public libraries. Libraries increasingly are fulfilling roles as technology hubs for their communities, with high demand for technology and career development training resources. Ebooks and other digital materials are on the rise, while print is being scaled back. More libraries are turning to…

Computer Science Professionals and Greek Library Science

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dendrinos, Markos N.

2008-01-01

This paper attempts to present the current state of computer science penetration into librarianship in terms of both workplace and education issues. The shift from material libraries into digital libraries is mirrored in the corresponding shift from librarians into information scientists. New library data and metadata, as well as new automated…

Chaos emerging in soil failure patterns observed during tillage: Normalized deterministic nonlinear prediction (NDNP) and its application.

PubMed

Sakai, Kenshi; Upadhyaya, Shrinivasa K; Andrade-Sanchez, Pedro; Sviridova, Nina V

2017-03-01

Real-world processes are often combinations of deterministic and stochastic processes. Soil failure observed during farm tillage is one example of this phenomenon. In this paper, we investigated the nonlinear features of soil failure patterns in a farm tillage process. We demonstrate emerging determinism in soil failure patterns from stochastic processes under specific soil conditions. We normalized the deterministic nonlinear prediction considering autocorrelation and propose it as a robust way of extracting a nonlinear dynamical system from noise contaminated motion. Soil is a typical granular material. The results obtained here are expected to be applicable to granular materials in general. From a global scale to nano scale, the granular material is featured in seismology, geotechnology, soil mechanics, and particle technology. The results and discussions presented here are applicable in these wide research areas. The proposed method and our findings are useful with respect to the application of nonlinear dynamics to investigate complex motions generated from granular materials.

Nondestructive ultrasonic characterization of engineering materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Salama, K.

1985-01-01

The development of an ultrasonic method for the nondestructive characterization of mechanical properties of engineering material is described. The method utilizes the nonlinearity parameter measurement which describes the anharmonic behavior of the solid through measurements of amplitudes of the fundamental and of the generated second harmonic ultrasonic waves. The nonlinearity parameter is also directly related to the acoustoelastic constant of the solid which can be determined by measuring the linear dependence of ultrasonic velocity on stress. A major advantage of measurements of the nonlinearity parameter over that of the acoustoelastic constant is that it may be determined without the application of stress on the material, which makes it more applicable for in-service nondestructive characterization. The relationships between the nonlinearity parameter of second-harmonic generation and the percentage of solid solution phase in engineering materials such as heat treatable aluminum alloys was established. The acoustoelastic constants are measured on these alloys for comparison and confirmation. A linear relationship between the nonlinearity parameter and the volume fraction of second phase precipitates in the alloys is indicated.

Probabilistic analysis of a materially nonlinear structure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Millwater, H. R.; Wu, Y.-T.; Fossum, A. F.

1990-01-01

A probabilistic finite element program is used to perform probabilistic analysis of a materially nonlinear structure. The program used in this study is NESSUS (Numerical Evaluation of Stochastic Structure Under Stress), under development at Southwest Research Institute. The cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the radial stress of a thick-walled cylinder under internal pressure is computed and compared with the analytical solution. In addition, sensitivity factors showing the relative importance of the input random variables are calculated. Significant plasticity is present in this problem and has a pronounced effect on the probabilistic results. The random input variables are the material yield stress and internal pressure with Weibull and normal distributions, respectively. The results verify the ability of NESSUS to compute the CDF and sensitivity factors of a materially nonlinear structure. In addition, the ability of the Advanced Mean Value (AMV) procedure to assess the probabilistic behavior of structures which exhibit a highly nonlinear response is shown. Thus, the AMV procedure can be applied with confidence to other structures which exhibit nonlinear behavior.

Application of artificial neural networks in nonlinear analysis of trusses

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Alam, J.; Berke, L.

1991-01-01

A method is developed to incorporate neural network model based upon the Backpropagation algorithm for material response into nonlinear elastic truss analysis using the initial stiffness method. Different network configurations are developed to assess the accuracy of neural network modeling of nonlinear material response. In addition to this, a scheme based upon linear interpolation for material data, is also implemented for comparison purposes. It is found that neural network approach can yield very accurate results if used with care. For the type of problems under consideration, it offers a viable alternative to other material modeling methods.

Evaluation of Material Nonlinearities Using Rectangular Pulse Trains for Excitation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chaziachmetovas, Andrius; Svilainis, Linas; Kybartas, Darius; Aleksandrovas, Arturas; Liaukonis, Dobilas

Aim of the presented investigation was to evaluate the suitability of the rectangular pulse trains for nonlinear material parameters study. It was assumed that if duty cycle of the excitation is 50% then second harmonic is significantly reduced. Excitation signal frequency was fixed to the A/D sampling frequency and signal carefully gated to reduce the signal leak into neighbouring frequency bins. Sine wave correlation was used to extract the harmonics content. Results of nonlinear parameters measurement for several materials are given as performance comparison.

Nonlinear Constitutive Relations for High Temperature Applications, 1986

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1988-01-01

The purpose of the symposium was to review the state-of-the-art in nonlinear constitutive modeling of high temperature materials for aeronautics applications and to identify the need for future research and development efforts in this area. Through this symposium, it was recognized that considerable research efforts are urgently needed in the development of nonlinear constitutive relations for high temperature applications. In the aerospace industry this need is further prompted by recent advances in high temperature materials technology and new demands on material and component performance.

Controlling hospital library theft

PubMed Central

Cuddy, Theresa M.; Marchok, Catherine

2003-01-01

At Capital Health System/Fuld Campus (formerly Helene Fuld Medical Center), the Health Sciences Library lost many books and videocassettes. These materials were listed in the catalog but were missing when staff went to the shelves. The hospital had experienced a downsizing of staff, a reorganization, and a merger. When the library staff did an inventory, $10,000 worth of materials were found to be missing. We corrected the situation through a series of steps that we believe will help other libraries control their theft. Through regularly scheduling inventories, monitoring items, advertising, and using specific security measures, we have successfully controlled the library theft. The January 2002 inventory resulted in meeting our goal of zero missing books and videocassettes. We work to maintain that goal. PMID:12883573

Controlling hospital library theft.

PubMed

Cuddy, Theresa M; Marchok, Catherine

2003-04-01

At Capital Health System/Fuld Campus (formerly Helene Fuld Medical Center), the Health Sciences Library lost many books and videocassettes. These materials were listed in the catalog but were missing when staff went to the shelves. The hospital had experienced a downsizing of staff, a reorganization, and a merger. When the library staff did an inventory, $10,000 worth of materials were found to be missing. We corrected the situation through a series of steps that we believe will help other libraries control their theft. Through regularly scheduling inventories, monitoring items, advertising, and using specific security measures, we have successfully controlled the library theft. The January 2002 inventory resulted in meeting our goal of zero missing books and videocassettes. We work to maintain that goal.

New Materials Directions for the Realization of Ultra-High Performance 3rd Order Non-Linear Optical Organics

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-03-13

Nowacki, H.S. Oh, C. Zanlorenzi, H.S. Jee, A. Baev, P.N. Prasad, and L. Akcelrud, "Design and synthesis of polymers for chiral photonics ...rationally design and create organic materials with high nonlinear refractive index and low single· and two- photon absorption at wavelengths relevant to...can also enhance 3rd-order NLO response through microscopic cascading of 2nd-order nonlinearity. Chiral control of nonlinearity bas also been

Using geographic information systems to identify prospective marketing areas for a special library.

PubMed

McConnaughy, Rozalynd P; Wilson, Steven P

2006-05-04

The Center for Disability Resources (CDR) Library is the largest collection of its kind in the Southeastern United States, consisting of over 5,200 books, videos/DVDs, brochures, and audiotapes covering a variety of disability-related topics, from autism to transition resources. The purpose of the library is to support the information needs of families, faculty, students, staff, and other professionals in South Carolina working with individuals with disabilities. The CDR Library is funded on a yearly basis; therefore, maintaining high usage is crucial. A variety of promotional efforts have been used to attract new patrons to the library. Anyone in South Carolina can check out materials from the library, and most of the patrons use the library remotely by requesting materials, which are then mailed to them. The goal of this project was to identify areas of low geographic usage as a means of identifying locations for future library marketing efforts. Nearly four years worth of library statistics were compiled in a spreadsheet that provided information per county on the number of checkouts, the number of renewals, and the population. Five maps were created using ArcView GIS software to create visual representations of patron checkout and renewal behavior per county. Out of the 46 counties in South Carolina, eight counties never checked out materials from the library. As expected urban areas and counties near the library's physical location have high usage totals. The visual representation of the data made identification of low usage regions easier than using a standalone database with no visual-spatial component. The low usage counties will be the focus of future Center for Disability Resources Library marketing efforts. Due to the impressive visual-spatial representations created with Geographic Information Systems, which more efficiently communicate information than stand-alone database information can, librarians may benefit from the software's use as a supplemental tool for tracking library usage and planning promotional efforts.

Multiscale Approach For Simulating Nonlinear Wave Propagation In Materials with Localized Microdamage

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vanaverbeke, Sigfried; Van Den Abeele, Koen

2006-05-01

A multiscale model for the simulation of two-dimensional nonlinear wave propagation in microcracked materials exhibiting hysteretic nonlinearity is presented. We use trigger-like elements with a two state nonlinear stress-strain relation to simulate microcracks at the microlevel. A generalized Preisach space approach, based on the eigenstress-eigenstrain formulation, upscales the microscopic state relation to the mesoscopic level. The macroscopic response of the sample to an arbitrary excitation signal is then predicted using a staggered grid Elastodynamic Finite Integration Technique (EFIT) formalism. We apply the model to investigate spectral changes of a pulsed signal traversing a localized microdamaged region with hysteretic nonlinearity in a plate, and to study the influence of a superficial region with hysteretic nonlinearity on the nonlinear Rayleigh wave propagation.

Video Preservation and Digital Reformatting: Pain and Possibility

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McDonough, Jerome; Jimenez, Mona

2006-01-01

The digital library community is increasingly concerned with long-term preservation of digital materials. This concern presents an opportunity for strategic alliances between digital library units and preservation departments confronting the difficulties inherent in preservation reformatting of moving image materials. However, successful…

A constructive nonlinear array (CNA) method for barely visible impact detection in composite materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Malfense Fierro, Gian Piero; Meo, Michele

2017-04-01

Currently there are numerous phased array techniques such as Full Matrix Capture (FMC) and Total Focusing Method (TFM) that provide good damage assessment for composite materials. Although, linear methods struggle to evaluate and assess low levels of damage, while nonlinear methods have shown great promise in early damage detection. A sweep and subtraction evaluation method coupled with a constructive nonlinear array method (CNA) is proposed in order to assess damage specific nonlinearities, address issues with frequency selection when using nonlinear ultrasound imaging techniques and reduce equipment generated nonlinearities. These methods were evaluated using multiple excitation locations on an impacted composite panel with a complex damage (barely visible impact damage). According to various recent works, damage excitation can be accentuated by exciting at local defect resonance (LDR) frequencies; although these frequencies are not always easily determinable. The sweep methodology uses broadband excitation to determine both local defect and material resonances, by assessing local defect generated nonlinearities using a laser vibrometer it is possible to assess which frequencies excite the complex geometry of the crack. The dual effect of accurately determining local defect resonances, the use of an image subtraction method and the reduction of equipment based nonlinearities using CNA result in greater repeatability and clearer nonlinear imaging (NIM).

Interaction of ultrashort laser pulses with epsilon-near-zero materials (Conference Presentation)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boyd, Robert W.

2017-05-01

Abstract: The nonlinear optical response of a material is conventionally assumed to be very much smaller than its linear response. Here we report that the nonlinear contribution to the refractive index of a sample of indium-tin oxide can be much larger than the linear contribution when the optical wavelength is close to the material's bulk plasma wavelength, where the material exhibits epsilon-near-zero behavior. In particular, we demonstrate that a change in refractive index as large as 0.7 can be obtained in an ultra-thin indium-tin oxide film using an optical intensity of 140 GW/cm2. Nonlinear optical phenomena result from the light-induced modification of the optical properties of a material lead to a broad range of applications, including microscopy, all-optical data processing, and quantum information. However, nonlinear (NL) effects are typically extremely weak. The size of nonlinear effects is typically limited by the largest intensity that can be used without permanently damaging of the material. Consequently, the resulting change in refractive index is typically of the order of 0.001 or smaller. A long-standing goal of nonlinear optics (NLO) has been the development of materials that can display a light-induced change in the refractive index of the order of unity. Such materials would lead to exciting new applications of NLO. Indeed, much effort in the fields of plasmonics and metamaterials is devoted to the development of such materials. Furthermore, it has been suggested that materials with vanishing permittivity, commonly known as epsilon-nearzero (ENZ) materials, can be used to induce highly nonlinear phenomena and unusual phase-matching behavior. In this work, we describe our studies of indium-tin oxide (ITO) at its ENZ wavelength, and we demonstrate a refractive index change of 0.7. Materials possessing free charges, such as metals and doped semiconductors, exhibit a vanishing permittivity at the bulk plasmon wavelength. The zero-permittivity wavelength in doped semiconductors typically lies at infrared wavelengths and can be fine tuned by controlling the level of doping. Here we study the case of an ultra-thin layer of ITO exhibiting ENZ behavior at wavelengths around 1.24 µm. We show that in this spectral region the nonlinear response (intensity-dependent change in refractive index, Δn) is enhanced approximately 2000-fold with respect to that observed at shorter wavelengths and that a Δn of the order of unity can be observed.

IFLA General Conference, 1986. Pre-Conference Seminar on Automated Systems for Access to Multilingual and Multiscript Library materials: Problems and Solutions. Papers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, The Hague (Netherlands).

A seminar which considered problems and solutions regarding automated systems for access to multilingual and multiscript library materials was held as a pre-session before the IFLA general conference in 1986. Papers presented include: (1) "Romanized and Transliterated Databases of Asian Language Materials--History, Problems, and…

Special Collections in ARL Libraries: A Discussion Report from the ARL Working Group on Special Collections

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Association of Research Libraries, 2009

2009-01-01

This discussion report identifies key issues in the management of special collections material in the 21st century. The report uses a broad definition of "special collections," which encompasses distinctive material in all media and attendant library services. The group's main focus was on 19th- and 20th-century materials, including…

Systematic Biological Filter Design with a Desired I/O Filtering Response Based on Promoter-RBS Libraries.

PubMed

Hsu, Chih-Yuan; Pan, Zhen-Ming; Hu, Rei-Hsing; Chang, Chih-Chun; Cheng, Hsiao-Chun; Lin, Che; Chen, Bor-Sen

2015-01-01

In this study, robust biological filters with an external control to match a desired input/output (I/O) filtering response are engineered based on the well-characterized promoter-RBS libraries and a cascade gene circuit topology. In the field of synthetic biology, the biological filter system serves as a powerful detector or sensor to sense different molecular signals and produces a specific output response only if the concentration of the input molecular signal is higher or lower than a specified threshold. The proposed systematic design method of robust biological filters is summarized into three steps. Firstly, several well-characterized promoter-RBS libraries are established for biological filter design by identifying and collecting the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of their promoter-RBS components via nonlinear parameter estimation method. Then, the topology of synthetic biological filter is decomposed into three cascade gene regulatory modules, and an appropriate promoter-RBS library is selected for each module to achieve the desired I/O specification of a biological filter. Finally, based on the proposed systematic method, a robust externally tunable biological filter is engineered by searching the promoter-RBS component libraries and a control inducer concentration library to achieve the optimal reference match for the specified I/O filtering response.

Local interaction simulation approach to modelling nonclassical, nonlinear elastic behavior in solids.

PubMed

Scalerandi, Marco; Agostini, Valentina; Delsanto, Pier Paolo; Van Den Abeele, Koen; Johnson, Paul A

2003-06-01

Recent studies show that a broad category of materials share "nonclassical" nonlinear elastic behavior much different from "classical" (Landau-type) nonlinearity. Manifestations of "nonclassical" nonlinearity include stress-strain hysteresis and discrete memory in quasistatic experiments, and specific dependencies of the harmonic amplitudes with respect to the drive amplitude in dynamic wave experiments, which are remarkably different from those predicted by the classical theory. These materials have in common soft "bond" elements, where the elastic nonlinearity originates, contained in hard matter (e.g., a rock sample). The bond system normally comprises a small fraction of the total material volume, and can be localized (e.g., a crack in a solid) or distributed, as in a rock. In this paper a model is presented in which the soft elements are treated as hysteretic or reversible elastic units connected in a one-dimensional lattice to elastic elements (grains), which make up the hard matrix. Calculations are performed in the framework of the local interaction simulation approach (LISA). Experimental observations are well predicted by the model, which is now ready both for basic investigations about the physical origins of nonlinear elasticity and for applications to material damage diagnostics.

Enhanced Schapery Theory Software Development for Modeling Failure of Fiber-Reinforced Laminates

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pineda, Evan J.; Waas, Anthony M.

2013-01-01

Progressive damage and failure analysis (PDFA) tools are needed to predict the nonlinear response of advanced fiber-reinforced composite structures. Predictive tools should incorporate the underlying physics of the damage and failure mechanisms observed in the composite, and should utilize as few input parameters as possible. The purpose of the Enhanced Schapery Theory (EST) was to create a PDFA tool that operates in conjunction with a commercially available finite element (FE) code (Abaqus). The tool captures the physics of the damage and failure mechanisms that result in the nonlinear behavior of the material, and the failure methodology employed yields numerical results that are relatively insensitive to changes in the FE mesh. The EST code is written in Fortran and compiled into a static library that is linked to Abaqus. A Fortran Abaqus UMAT material subroutine is used to facilitate the communication between Abaqus and EST. A clear distinction between damage and failure is imposed. Damage mechanisms result in pre-peak nonlinearity in the stress strain curve. Four internal state variables (ISVs) are utilized to control the damage and failure degradation. All damage is said to result from matrix microdamage, and a single ISV marks the micro-damage evolution as it is used to degrade the transverse and shear moduli of the lamina using a set of experimentally obtainable matrix microdamage functions. Three separate failure ISVs are used to incorporate failure due to fiber breakage, mode I matrix cracking, and mode II matrix cracking. Failure initiation is determined using a failure criterion, and the evolution of these ISVs is controlled by a set of traction-separation laws. The traction separation laws are postulated such that the area under the curves is equal to the fracture toughness of the material associated with the corresponding failure mechanism. A characteristic finite element length is used to transform the traction-separation laws into stress-strain laws. The ISV evolution equations are derived in a thermodynamically consistent manner by invoking the stationary principle on the total work of the system with respect to each ISV. A novel feature is the inclusion of both pre-peak damage and appropriately scaled, post-peak strain softening failure. Also, the characteristic elements used in the failure degradation scheme are calculated using the element nodal coordinates, rather than simply the square root of the area of the element.

ANITA-2000 activation code package - updating of the decay data libraries and validation on the experimental data of the 14 MeV Frascati Neutron Generator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Frisoni, Manuela

2016-03-01

ANITA-2000 is a code package for the activation characterization of materials exposed to neutron irradiation released by ENEA to OECD-NEADB and ORNL-RSICC. The main component of the package is the activation code ANITA-4M that computes the radioactive inventory of a material exposed to neutron irradiation. The code requires the decay data library (file fl1) containing the quantities describing the decay properties of the unstable nuclides and the library (file fl2) containing the gamma ray spectra emitted by the radioactive nuclei. The fl1 and fl2 files of the ANITA-2000 code package, originally based on the evaluated nuclear data library FENDL/D-2.0, were recently updated on the basis of the JEFF-3.1.1 Radioactive Decay Data Library. This paper presents the results of the validation of the new fl1 decay data library through the comparison of the ANITA-4M calculated values with the measured electron and photon decay heats and activities of fusion material samples irradiated at the 14 MeV Frascati Neutron Generator (FNG) of the NEA-Frascati Research Centre. Twelve material samples were considered, namely: Mo, Cu, Hf, Mg, Ni, Cd, Sn, Re, Ti, W, Ag and Al. The ratios between calculated and experimental values (C/E) are shown and discussed in this paper.

Unsymmetrical squaraines for nonlinear optical materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Marder, Seth R. (Inventor); Chen, Chin-Ti (Inventor); Cheng, Lap-Tak (Inventor)

1996-01-01

Compositions for use in non-linear optical devices. The compositions have first molecular electronic hyperpolarizability (.beta.) either positive or negative in sign and therefore display second order non-linear optical properties when incorporated into non-linear optical devices.

Nonlinear analysis for high-temperature multilayered fiber composite structures. M.S. Thesis; [turbine blades

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hopkins, D. A.

1984-01-01

A unique upward-integrated top-down-structured approach is presented for nonlinear analysis of high-temperature multilayered fiber composite structures. Based on this approach, a special purpose computer code was developed (nonlinear COBSTRAN) which is specifically tailored for the nonlinear analysis of tungsten-fiber-reinforced superalloy (TFRS) composite turbine blade/vane components of gas turbine engines. Special features of this computational capability include accounting of; micro- and macro-heterogeneity, nonlinear (stess-temperature-time dependent) and anisotropic material behavior, and fiber degradation. A demonstration problem is presented to mainfest the utility of the upward-integrated top-down-structured approach, in general, and to illustrate the present capability represented by the nonlinear COBSTRAN code. Preliminary results indicate that nonlinear COBSTRAN provides the means for relating the local nonlinear and anisotropic material behavior of the composite constituents to the global response of the turbine blade/vane structure.

Library Survival. Workbook in Library Skills: A Self-Directed Course in the Use of the Marriott Library. General Studies 101.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gittins, Gwen; Dusenbury, Carolyn

Designed to acquaint undergraduate students at the University of Utah with basic library resources and materials, the program of instruction presented can be used as a self-paced tool either in course related instruction or as an independent offering. A section containing floor plans of the University's Marriott Library illustrates the location of…

Designing an Academic Library as a Place and a Space: How a Robotic Storage System Will Create a 21st Century Library Design

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bostick, Sharon L.; Irwin, Bryan

2012-01-01

Renovating, expanding or building new libraries today is a challenge on several levels. Libraries in general are faced with image issues, such as the assumption that a library building exists only to house print material followed by the equally erroneous assumption that everything is now available online, thus rendering a physical building…

Developing a Multicultural Library Media Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Houff, Suzanne G.

1994-01-01

Describes the development of a multicultural library media program based on experiences at a Virginia middle school. Highlights include the media center as a cultural and curricular resource; establishing philosophies and goals; reviewing current materials and establishing guidelines for new material selection; staff development; and an integrated…

Selection Skills and Collection Development in School Libraries.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Graef, Robert; And Others

1990-01-01

Presents 11 articles that deal with selection skills and collection development in junior and senior high school libraries. Highlights include censorship concerns, selecting corporate-sponsored materials, written selection policies, budget considerations, sample selection and evaluation forms for print and nonprint materials, reference books, and…

Audiovisual in Libraries; the Past.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clement, Evelyn G.

By the first decade of the twentieth century, libraries were collecting pictures, post cards, clippings, recordings, music rolls, and stereographs. Circulation of these materials was often restricted, however. A number of progressive librarians stressed the acceptance of nonprinted materials as complementary to the book medium to the library…

MatProps: Material Properties Database and Associated Access Library

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Durrenberger, J K; Becker, R C; Goto, D M

2007-08-13

Coefficients for analytic constitutive and equation of state models (EOS), which are used by many hydro codes at LLNL, are currently stored in a legacy material database (Steinberg, UCRL-MA-106349). Parameters for numerous materials are available through this database, and include Steinberg-Guinan and Steinberg-Lund constitutive models for metals, JWL equations of state for high explosives, and Mie-Gruniesen equations of state for metals. These constitutive models are used in most of the simulations done by ASC codes today at Livermore. Analytic EOSs are also still used, but have been superseded in many cases by tabular representations in LEOS (http://leos.llnl.gov). Numerous advanced constitutivemore » models have been developed and implemented into ASC codes over the past 20 years. These newer models have more physics and better representations of material strength properties than their predecessors, and therefore more model coefficients. However, a material database of these coefficients is not readily available. Therefore incorporating these coefficients with those of the legacy models into a portable database that could be shared amongst codes would be most welcome. The goal of this paper is to describe the MatProp effort at LLNL to create such a database and associated access library that could be used by codes throughout the DOE complex and beyond. We have written an initial version of the MatProp database and access library and our DOE/ASC code ALE3D (Nichols et. al., UCRL-MA-152204) is able to import information from the database. The database, a link to which exists on the Sourceforge server at LLNL, contains coefficients for many materials and models (see Appendix), and includes material parameters in the following categories--flow stress, shear modulus, strength, damage, and equation of state. Future versions of the Matprop database and access library will include the ability to read and write material descriptions that can be exchanged between codes. It will also include an ability to do unit changes, i.e. have the library return parameters in user-specified unit systems. In addition to these, additional material categories can be added (e.g., phase change kinetics, etc.). The Matprop database and access library is part of a larger set of tools used at LLNL for assessing material model behavior. One of these is MSlib, a shared constitutive material model library. Another is the Material Strength Database (MSD), which allows users to compare parameter fits for specific constitutive models to available experimental data. Together with Matprop, these tools create a suite of capabilities that provide state-of-the-art models and parameters for those models to integrated simulation codes. This document is broken into several appendices. Appendix A contains a code example to retrieve several material coefficients. Appendix B contains the API for the Matprop data access library. Appendix C contains a list of the material names and model types currently available in the Matprop database. Appendix D contains a list of the parameter names for the currently recognized model types. Appendix E contains a full xml description of the material Tantalum.« less

Electronic Publishing and Library Technical Services.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aveney, Brian

1984-01-01

Trends in electronic editions, on-demand publishing, and online publishing are reviewed and their potential effects on library services and organization are discussed, including library material selection, acquisitions, cataloging, serials, circulation, and home printers. Thirteen references are provided. (EJS)

Optimization-Based Inverse Identification of the Parameters of a Concrete Cap Material Model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Král, Petr; Hokeš, Filip; Hušek, Martin; Kala, Jiří; Hradil, Petr

2017-10-01

Issues concerning the advanced numerical analysis of concrete building structures in sophisticated computing systems currently require the involvement of nonlinear mechanics tools. The efforts to design safer, more durable and mainly more economically efficient concrete structures are supported via the use of advanced nonlinear concrete material models and the geometrically nonlinear approach. The application of nonlinear mechanics tools undoubtedly presents another step towards the approximation of the real behaviour of concrete building structures within the framework of computer numerical simulations. However, the success rate of this application depends on having a perfect understanding of the behaviour of the concrete material models used and having a perfect understanding of the used material model parameters meaning. The effective application of nonlinear concrete material models within computer simulations often becomes very problematic because these material models very often contain parameters (material constants) whose values are difficult to obtain. However, getting of the correct values of material parameters is very important to ensure proper function of a concrete material model used. Today, one possibility, which permits successful solution of the mentioned problem, is the use of optimization algorithms for the purpose of the optimization-based inverse material parameter identification. Parameter identification goes hand in hand with experimental investigation while it trying to find parameter values of the used material model so that the resulting data obtained from the computer simulation will best approximate the experimental data. This paper is focused on the optimization-based inverse identification of the parameters of a concrete cap material model which is known under the name the Continuous Surface Cap Model. Within this paper, material parameters of the model are identified on the basis of interaction between nonlinear computer simulations, gradient based and nature inspired optimization algorithms and experimental data, the latter of which take the form of a load-extension curve obtained from the evaluation of uniaxial tensile test results. The aim of this research was to obtain material model parameters corresponding to the quasi-static tensile loading which may be further used for the research involving dynamic and high-speed tensile loading. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that the set goal has been reached.

To Reach Multicultural Users in Libraries--Some Reflections and Examples from Sweden.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ekman, Maud

This paper describes library services to multicultural users in Sweden. The first section addresses library buildings and staff, stressing the importance of a welcoming environment. Library materials and technique are discussed in the second section, including media in other languages and access to the Internet. The third section considers…

The Special Challenges for National Libraries

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Breeding, Marshall

2011-01-01

Managing a library collection at the national level follows quite a different set of assumptions than hold for typical academic or public libraries. These collections, often comprehensive of all materials published in a country, press the limits of scale in terms of the sizes of collections. A national library collection might, for example, stand…

Preservation of the Biomedical Literature: A Plan for the National Library of Medicine.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Humphreys, Betsy L.; And Others

Established in 1956, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) was charged to acquire and preserve books, periodicals, prints, films, recordings, and other library materials pertinent to medicine. Since the establishment of the NLM, significant effort has been devoted to carrying out preservation responsibilities. In 1983, the Library Operations (LO)…

Prospecting for New Collaborations: Mining Syllabi for Library Service Opportunities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, Lisa M.; Cody, Sue Ann; Parnell, Jerry

2004-01-01

Online course syllabi provide a convenient source of information about library use. This article discusses the strategies used to retrieve syllabi, analyze library use, and develop new opportunities to collaborate with faculty. A new Web-based service was developed to pull course- and library-related materials into a convenient package.

Information Sources on U. S. Radio Regulations in the Law Library.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lockwood, James D.

An annotated bibliography gives the radio regulations in the U.S., using sources available in the University of Michigan Law Library as well as the University of Michigan Libraries. Information is applicable to other law, university and public libraries. Relevant material on television regulations is included. Listings cover federal agencies, card…

25 CFR 36.40 - Standard XIII-Library/media program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Standard XIII-Library/media program. 36.40 Section 36.40... § 36.40 Standard XIII—Library/media program. (a) Each school shall provide a library/media program... objectives have been met. (2) A written policy for the selection of materials and equipment shall be...

36 CFR § 701.4 - Contracting Officers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Section § 701.4 Parks, Forests, and Public Property LIBRARY OF CONGRESS PROCEDURES AND SERVICES § 701.4... Library have been delegated authority to contract for materials and services on behalf of the Library of Congress. Contact the Office of the General Counsel of the Library at 202-707-6316 for information on...

Music Provision in UK Public Libraries

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dorney, Carl; McKnight, Cliff

2004-01-01

Public library music provision, as a less traditional role for public libraries, has always caused contention: a vital source of cultural materials within the community though never confirmed to be a core part of library services by the Government. This article concerns itself with a detailed consideration of the decline of music services over the…

Academic Libraries: "Social" or "Communal?" The Nature and Future of Academic Libraries

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gayton, Jeffrey T.

2008-01-01

The apparent death of academic libraries, as measured by declining circulation of print materials, reduced use of reference services, and falling gate counts, has led to calls for a more "social" approach to academic libraries: installing cafes, expanding group study spaces, and developing "information commons." This study compares these social…

California Library Laws, 2009

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Paul G., Ed.

2009-01-01

California Library Laws 2009 is a selective guide to state laws and related materials that most directly affect the everyday operations of public libraries and organizations that work with public libraries. It is intended as a convenient reference, not as a replacement for the annotated codes or for legal advice. The guide is organized as follows.…

Off-Site Storage and Special Collections: A Study in Use and Impact in ARL Libraries in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Priddle, Charlotte; McCann, Laura

2015-01-01

Special collections libraries collect and preserve materials of intellectual and cultural heritage, providing access to unique research resources. As their holdings continue to expand, special collections in research libraries confront increased space pressures. Off-site storage facilities, used frequently by research libraries for general…

La Administracion de las Bibliotecas Escolares (School Library Administration). IFLA Professional Reports, No. 29.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Galler, Anne M.; Coulter, Joan M.

This manual provides practical information on the planning, organization, and operation of school libraries. Some of the guidelines differentiate between small libraries with minimal collections and larger, better-equipped libraries with more resources. Introductory materials include definitions of terms used in this manual. Guidelines are then…

Books, Bytes, Buildings, and Bodies: Public Libraries in the 21st Century.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hage, Christine Lind

1999-01-01

Considers the changing roles of public libraries and challenges facing them in the future. Topics include core skills needed by library professionals, print and nonprint materials, the inclusion of new formats, blending traditional and electronic library resources, the expanded roles and responsibilities of librarians, meeting user needs, and…

Management of Library Security. SPEC Kit 247 and SPEC Flyer 247.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Soete, George J., Comp.; Zimmerman, Glen, Comp.

This SPEC (Systems and Procedures Exchange Center) Kit and Flyer reports results of a survey conducted in January 1999 that examined how ARL (Association of Research Libraries) member libraries assure the safety and security of persons, library materials, physical facilities, furnishings, computer equipment, etc. Forty-five of the 122 ARL member…

Vendor's Perspective on the Issues of Information Access in Relation to Rising Costs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schrift, Leonard

1990-01-01

Discusses the rising costs of library materials from a vendor's perspective. Effects of corporate takeovers of publishers are examined, resource sharing among libraries is discussed, the role of the library as a supplier of information resources and services is considered, and libraries' need for product development and marketing strategies is…

Variable Stiffness Panel Structural Analyses With Material Nonlinearity and Correlation With Tests

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wu, K. Chauncey; Gurdal, Zafer

2006-01-01

Results from structural analyses of three tow-placed AS4/977-3 composite panels with both geometric and material nonlinearities are presented. Two of the panels have variable stiffness layups where the fiber orientation angle varies as a continuous function of location on the panel planform. One variable stiffness panel has overlapping tow bands of varying thickness, while the other has a theoretically uniform thickness. The third panel has a conventional uniform-thickness [plus or minus 45](sub 5s) layup with straight fibers, providing a baseline for comparing the performance of the variable stiffness panels. Parametric finite element analyses including nonlinear material shear are first compared with material characterization test results for two orthotropic layups. This nonlinear material model is incorporated into structural analysis models of the variable stiffness and baseline panels with applied end shortenings. Measured geometric imperfections and mechanical prestresses, generated by forcing the variable stiffness panels from their cured anticlastic shapes into their flatter test configurations, are also modeled. Results of these structural analyses are then compared to the measured panel structural response. Good correlation is observed between the analysis results and displacement test data throughout deep postbuckling up to global failure, suggesting that nonlinear material behavior is an important component of the actual panel structural response.

Mechanisms for Non-Linear Optical Behaviour in Molecular Fluids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McEwan, Kenneth J.

Available from UMI in association with The British Library. Requires signed TDF. This thesis describes a study of the non-linear optical mechanisms that allow high power laser radiation to interact and change the optical properties of fluid based media. Attention is focused on understanding the finite time-scale of the microscopic response and its influence on the experimental observation. Two classes of material are studied: liquid crystalline fluids in their isotropic phase and suspensions of particles capable of absorbing the laser radiation. In the former case a quantitative description of the optical transients seen in two experiments, degenerate four wave mixing and "z-scan" (self-focusing), is obtained. This description is based upon an analysis of refractive index changes associated with laser-induced molecular reorientation and with thermal effects, for molecules that absorb the laser radiation. Material parameters for a large range of nematogens are obtained by applying this description to experimental data. In the absorbing colloidal suspensions a novel mechanism for degenerate four wave mixing is identified and studied. The experimental results are suggestive of a mechanism in which vapour bubbles nucleate explosively around the colloidal particles and drive a coherent sound -wave excitation of the fluid. Theoretical studies confirm that rapid bubble nucleation is possible by a process of spinodal decomposition under the experimental conditions and it is shown that this mechanism can be expected to give rise to transient behaviour of the type observed. Finally laser-induced refractive index changes in a colloidal suspension in a solid matrix are studied. The dynamics of the formation of refractive index gratings is examined and correlated with microscopically observed structural changes in the matrix. ftn*Funded by DRA, Electronics Division (formerly RSRE).

Robust DNA Isolation and High-throughput Sequencing Library Construction for Herbarium Specimens.

PubMed

Saeidi, Saman; McKain, Michael R; Kellogg, Elizabeth A

2018-03-08

Herbaria are an invaluable source of plant material that can be used in a variety of biological studies. The use of herbarium specimens is associated with a number of challenges including sample preservation quality, degraded DNA, and destructive sampling of rare specimens. In order to more effectively use herbarium material in large sequencing projects, a dependable and scalable method of DNA isolation and library preparation is needed. This paper demonstrates a robust, beginning-to-end protocol for DNA isolation and high-throughput library construction from herbarium specimens that does not require modification for individual samples. This protocol is tailored for low quality dried plant material and takes advantage of existing methods by optimizing tissue grinding, modifying library size selection, and introducing an optional reamplification step for low yield libraries. Reamplification of low yield DNA libraries can rescue samples derived from irreplaceable and potentially valuable herbarium specimens, negating the need for additional destructive sampling and without introducing discernible sequencing bias for common phylogenetic applications. The protocol has been tested on hundreds of grass species, but is expected to be adaptable for use in other plant lineages after verification. This protocol can be limited by extremely degraded DNA, where fragments do not exist in the desired size range, and by secondary metabolites present in some plant material that inhibit clean DNA isolation. Overall, this protocol introduces a fast and comprehensive method that allows for DNA isolation and library preparation of 24 samples in less than 13 h, with only 8 h of active hands-on time with minimal modifications.

Three-dimensional earthquake analysis of roller-compacted concrete dams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kartal, M. E.

2012-07-01

Ground motion effect on a roller-compacted concrete (RCC) dams in the earthquake zone should be taken into account for the most critical conditions. This study presents three-dimensional earthquake response of a RCC dam considering geometrical non-linearity. Besides, material and connection non-linearity are also taken into consideration in the time-history analyses. Bilinear and multilinear kinematic hardening material models are utilized in the materially non-linear analyses for concrete and foundation rock respectively. The contraction joints inside the dam blocks and dam-foundation-reservoir interaction are modeled by the contact elements. The hydrostatic and hydrodynamic pressures of the reservoir water are modeled with the fluid finite elements based on the Lagrangian approach. The gravity and hydrostatic pressure effects are employed as initial condition before the strong ground motion. In the earthquake analyses, viscous dampers are defined in the finite element model to represent infinite boundary conditions. According to numerical solutions, horizontal displacements increase under hydrodynamic pressure. Besides, those also increase in the materially non-linear analyses of the dam. In addition, while the principle stress components by the hydrodynamic pressure effect the reservoir water, those decrease in the materially non-linear time-history analyses.

Material identification employing a grating spectrometer

DOEpatents

Gornushkin, Ignor B.; Winefordner, James D.; Smith, Benjamin W.

2007-01-09

Multi-ordered spectral data is obtained from various known substances and is stored in a spectral library. The identification of an unknown material is accomplished by correlating the sample's multi-ordered spectrum against all or a portion of the spectrum in the library, and finding the closest match.

Digital Primary Source Materials in the Classroom.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bennett, Nuala; Trofanenko, Brenda

Digital technologies bring museums, libraries, and archives together to enhance learning by providing access to digitized primary and secondary cultural resources along with the more traditional bibliographic materials. At the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the University Library and the College of Education are developing a…

Libraries at the Crossroads: A Perspective on Libraries and Culture.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Browne, Ray B.

1980-01-01

Claims that libraries have consistently ignored popular culture materials and urges them to reexamine their purpose and to expand collections and services to serve the true cultural needs of their patrons. Thirteen references are listed. (RAA)

{open_quotes}Quadrupoled{close_quotes} materials for second-order nonlinear optics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hubbard, S.F.; Petschek, R.G.; Singer, K.D.

1997-10-01

We describe a new approach to second-order nonlinear optical materials, namely quadrupoling. This approach is valid in the regime of Kleinman (full permutation) symmetry breaking, and thus requires a two- or three dimensional microscopic nonlinearity at wavelengths away from material resonances. This {open_quotes}quadrupolar{close_quotes} nonlinearity arises from the second rank pseudotensor of the rotationally invariant representation of the second-order nonlinear optical tensor. We have experimentally investigated candidate molecules comprised of chiral camphorquinone derivatives by measuring the scalar invariant associated with the rank two pseudotensor using hyper-Rayleigh scattering. We have found sizable scalar figures of merit for several compounds using light formore » which the second harmonic wavelengths are greater than 100 nm longer than the absorption peak location. At these wavelengths, the quadrupolar scalar is as large as the polar (EFISH) scalar of p-nitroaniline. Prospects for applications are discussed.« less

Assessment of precipitation in alloy steel using nonlinear Rayleigh surface waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thiele, Sebastian; Matlack, Kathryn H.; Kim, Jin-Yeon; Qu, Jianmin; Wall, James J.; Jacobs, Laurence J.

2014-02-01

Nonlinear ultrasonic waves have shown to be sensitive to various microstructural changes in metals including coherent precipitates; these precipitates introduce a strain field in the lattice structure. The thermal aging of certain alloy steels leads to the formation of coherent precipitates, which pin dislocations and contribute to the generation of a second harmonic component. A precipitate hardenable material namely 17-4 PH stainless steel is thermally treated in this research to obtain different precipitation stages, and then the influence of precipitates on the acoustic nonlinearity parameter is assessed. Conclusions about the microstrucutural changes in the material are drawn based on the results from a nonlinear Rayleigh surface wave measurement and complementary thermo-electric power, hardness and ultrasonic velocity measurements. The results show that the nonlinear parameter is sensitive to coherent precipitates in the material and moreover that precipitation characteristics can be characterized based on the obtained experimental data.

Berry curvature dipole in Weyl semimetal materials: An ab initio study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Yang; Sun, Yan; Yan, Binghai

2018-01-01

Noncentrosymmetric metals are anticipated to exhibit a dc photocurrent in the nonlinear optical response caused by the Berry curvature dipole in momentum space. Weyl semimetals (WSMs) are expected to be excellent candidates for observing these nonlinear effects because they carry a large Berry curvature concentrated in small regions, i.e., near the Weyl points. We have implemented the semiclassical Berry curvature dipole formalism into an ab initio scheme and investigated the second-order nonlinear response for two representative groups of materials: the TaAs-family type-I WSMs and the MoTe2-family type-II WSMs. Both types of WSMs exhibited a Berry curvature dipole in which type-II Weyl points are usually superior to the type-I WSM because of the strong tilt. Corresponding nonlinear susceptibilities in several materials promise a nonlinear Hall effect in the dc field limit, which is within the experimentally detectable range.

Give a Book, Take a Book | Poster

Cancer.gov

Collection has begun for the 15th Annual Book & Media Swap sponsored by the Scientific Library. NCI at Frederick staff can use this opportunity to clear out personal book and DVD shelves of unwanted materials, donate them to the swap, and then receive “new” materials in return. The library staff will collect materials through Tuesday, Oct. 27. Kick-off day for the event is

A Private [School] Matter: The State of Materials Challenges in Private College Preparatory School Libraries in the Southeast United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Franklin, Renee E.

2008-01-01

Materials challenges and censorship occur often in public and private educational settings. Private schools and their library media centers are not subject to the First Amendment but research reported in this article examines the state of challenges to materials held in private schools media centers in the southeast United States as a way to gauge…

The Use of General Collections at the University of California: A Study of Unrecorded Use, At-the-Shelf Discovery, and Immediacy of Need for Materials at the Davis and Santa Cruz Campus Libraries. Final Report. Research Report RR-80-1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lawrence, Gary S.; Oja, Anne R.

Use studies were conducted at the main libraries and science branches at the Davis and Santa Cruz campuses of the University of California to gather data for use in the detailed planning for establishing regional compact shelving facilities for infrequently circulated library material. Analysis of preliminary data on the three areas…

Generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation for dispersive susceptibility and permeability: application to negative index materials.

PubMed

Scalora, Michael; Syrchin, Maxim S; Akozbek, Neset; Poliakov, Evgeni Y; D'Aguanno, Giuseppe; Mattiucci, Nadia; Bloemer, Mark J; Zheltikov, Aleksei M

2005-07-01

A new generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation describing the propagation of ultrashort pulses in bulk media exhibiting frequency dependent dielectric susceptibility and magnetic permeability is derived and used to characterize wave propagation in a negative index material. The equation has new features that are distinct from ordinary materials (mu=1): the linear and nonlinear coefficients can be tailored through the linear properties of the medium to attain any combination of signs unachievable in ordinary matter, with significant potential to realize a wide class of solitary waves.

Minimizing radiation damage in nonlinear optical crystals

DOEpatents

Cooke, D.W.; Bennett, B.L.; Cockroft, N.J.

1998-09-08

Methods are disclosed for minimizing laser induced damage to nonlinear crystals, such as KTP crystals, involving various means for electrically grounding the crystals in order to diffuse electrical discharges within the crystals caused by the incident laser beam. In certain embodiments, electrically conductive material is deposited onto or into surfaces of the nonlinear crystals and the electrically conductive surfaces are connected to an electrical ground. To minimize electrical discharges on crystal surfaces that are not covered by the grounded electrically conductive material, a vacuum may be created around the nonlinear crystal. 5 figs.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Samanta, C.; Yasasvi Gangavarapu, P. R.; Naik, A. K.

Atomically thin two dimensional (2D) layered materials have emerged as a new class of material for nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) due to their extraordinary mechanical properties and ultralow mass density. Among them, graphene has been the material of choice for nanomechanical resonator. However, recent interest in 2D chalcogenide compounds has also spurred research in using materials such as MoS{sub 2} for the NEMS applications. As the dimensions of devices fabricated using these materials shrink down to atomically thin membrane, strain and nonlinear effects have become important. A clear understanding of the nonlinear effects and the ability to manipulate them is essentialmore » for next generation sensors. Here, we report on all electrical actuation and detection of few-layer MoS{sub 2} resonator. The ability to electrically detect multiple modes and actuate the modes deep into the nonlinear regime enables us to probe the nonlinear coupling between various vibrational modes. The modal coupling in our device is strong enough to detect three distinct internal resonances.« less

A thermodynamic approach to nonlinear ultrasonics for material state awareness and prognosis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chillara, Vamshi Krishna

2017-11-01

We develop a thermodynamic framework for modeling nonlinear ultrasonic damage sensing and prognosis in materials undergoing progressive damage. The framework is based on the internal variable approach and relies on the construction of a pseudo-elastic strain energy function that captures the energetics associated with the damage progression. The pseudo-elastic strain energy function is composed of two energy functions—one that describes how a material stores energy in an elastic fashion and the other describes how material dissipates energy or stores it in an inelastic fashion. Experimental motivation for the choice of the above two functionals is discussed and some specific choices pertaining to damage progression during fatigue and creep are presented. The thermodynamic framework is employed to model the nonlinear response of material undergoing stress relaxation and creep-like degradation. For each of the above cases, evolution of the nonlinearity parameter with damage as well as with macroscopic measurables like accumulated plastic strain is obtained.

The Information Economy in the U.S.: Its Effect on Libraries and Library Networks. Proceedings of the Library of Congress Network Advisory Committee Meeting (Washington, D.C., November 14-16, 1984). Network Planning Paper No. 10.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Library of Congress, Washington, DC. Network Development Office.

At a 2-day meeting in November 1984, the Library of Congress Network Advisory Committee (NAC) discussed the information economy in the United States and its effect on libraries and library networks. Material presented at the meeting is included in the form of summaries of three papers on the program theme presented by Ronald F. Miller, Kenneth W.…

Experimental investigation of material nonlinearity using the Rayleigh surface waves excited and detected by angle beam wedge transducers.

PubMed

Zhang, Shuzeng; Li, Xiongbing; Jeong, Hyunjo; Hu, Hongwei

2018-05-12

Angle beam wedge transducers are widely used in nonlinear Rayleigh wave experiments as they can generate Rayleigh wave easily and produce high intensity nonlinear waves for detection. When such a transducer is used, the spurious harmonics (source nonlinearity) and wave diffraction may occur and will affect the measurement results, so it is essential to fully understand its acoustic nature. This paper experimentally investigates the nonlinear Rayleigh wave beam fields generated and received by angle beam wedge transducers, in which the theoretical predictions are based on the acoustic model developed previously for angle beam wedge transducers [S. Zhang, et al., Wave Motion, 67, 141-159, (2016)]. The source of the spurious harmonics is fully characterized by scrutinizing the nonlinear Rayleigh wave behavior in various materials with different driving voltages. Furthermore, it is shown that the attenuation coefficients for both fundamental and second harmonic Rayleigh waves can be extracted by comparing the measurements with the predictions when the experiments are conducted at many locations along the propagation path. A technique is developed to evaluate the material nonlinearity by making appropriate corrections for source nonlinearity, diffraction and attenuation. The nonlinear parameters of three aluminum alloy specimens - Al 2024, Al 6061 and Al 7075 - are measured, and the results indicate that the measurement results can be significantly improved using the proposed method. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Preservation and Conservation of Information Resources in the University of Zambia Library

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kanyengo, Christine Wamunyima

2009-01-01

Preservation and conservation of library materials is an important aspect of library and information management. Their importance and necessity are more paramount in countries where resources are limited and libraries need to balance them with the needs of an ever increasing number of students hoping to use them. This article reports on the…

Spotlight on SLA Members: An Interview with Paul O'Pecko, Librarian at the Mystic Seaport G.W. Blunt White Library.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Information Outlook, 1999

1999-01-01

Discusses the collection of this special library that contains materials concerning maritime commerce and related topics and is part of the Mystic Seaport Museum. Highlights include users; research; budgeting; staff; library collection size; vendors; online projects; marketing; and views on the Special Library Association. (LRW)

Library List: A Suggested Library Collection for Undergraduate Linguistics Programs. Linguistics in the Undergraduate Curriculum, Appendix 6.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Linguistic Society of America, Washington, DC.

A list of linguistics-related holdings in the Middlebury College (Vermont) library is presented as an example of a well-developed library collection for an undergraduate linguistics program. The materials are listed under 10 headings corresponding to the best-represented subareas in the collection: linguistics, semantics, grammar (comparative and…

Finding Guide to the California Indian Library Collections: California State Library. Volume 8, Bibliographies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davis-Kimball, Jeannine, Ed.

The California Indian Library Collections (CILC) was funded with the aim of returning unique cultural materials in three media types--sound recordings, photographs, and text--to California's Native Americans and making the collections available to all citizens through their local libraries. This finding guide includes instructions on how to order…

Power to the People: End-User Building of Digital Library Collections.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Witten, Ian H.; Bainbridge, David; Boddie, Stefan J.

Digital library systems focus principally on the reader: the consumer of the material that constitutes the library. In contrast, this paper describes an interface that makes it easy for people to build their own library collections. Collections may be built and served locally from the user's own Web server, or (given appropriate permissions)…

On the Improvement of the "Copyright Law" of Korea for Library Services for Persons with Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yoon, Hee-Yoon; Kim, Sin-Young

2013-01-01

One of the most important issues for world libraries at the present time is to extend copyright limitations and exceptions for reproduction, for library preservation and distribution services including lending and ILL/DDS, the printout and transmission of Internet information resources, copying of library materials which are rarely available…

The Endless Picnic: Changing Food and Drink Policies in Academic Libraries.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davis, Marc; Boyer, Janice

The problem of food and drink in libraries and the potential damage to library materials that may occur have always been troublesome issues. Most attempts to totally eliminate food and drink have produced mixed results at best and libraries have expended precious staff time trying to enforce such rules. The food and drink issue is particularly…

Taking It to the Stacks: An Inventory Project at the University of Mississippi Libraries

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greenwood, Judy T.

2013-01-01

This article examines multiple inventory methods and findings from the inventory processes at the University of Mississippi Libraries. In an attempt to reduce user frustration from not being able to locate materials, the University of Mississippi Libraries conducted an inventory process beginning with a pilot inventory of a branch library and a…

IFLA General Conference, 1984. Libraries Serving the General Public Division. Section on Libraries for the Blind. Papers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

International Federation of Library Associations, The Hague (Netherlands).

Papers on library services and developments in reading materials for the blind and disabled presented at the 1984 IFLA general conference include: (1) "The Establishment of a Library Service to Visually Handicapped People in African Developing Countries" (Paulli Thomsen, Denmark); (2) "Sources of Assistance for Establishing Braille…

A Model for Service to the Elderly by the Small/Medium Sized Public Library.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jeffries, Stephen R.

Citing the American Library Association's 1964 statement of libraries' responsibilities to the aging, this paper presents a needs assessment of the elderly and suggests methods by which public libraries can attempt to meet some of these needs, e.g., barrier-free design, programs, materials, and services. The needs assessment of older users…

36 CFR Appendix A to Subpart A of... - Fees and Charges for Services Provided to Requesters of Records

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... LIBRARY OF CONGRESS DISCLOSURE OR PRODUCTION OF RECORDS OR INFORMATION Availability of Library of Congress... based on the direct cost to the Library, including labor, material, and computer time. (b) Duplication... established by the Library's Photoduplication Service, or in the case of machine media duplication, by the...

36 CFR Appendix A to Subpart A of... - Fees and Charges for Services Provided to Requesters of Records

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... LIBRARY OF CONGRESS DISCLOSURE OR PRODUCTION OF RECORDS OR INFORMATION Availability of Library of Congress... based on the direct cost to the Library, including labor, material, and computer time. (b) Duplication... established by the Library's Photoduplication Service, or in the case of machine media duplication, by the...

36 CFR Appendix A to Subpart A of... - Fees and Charges for Services Provided to Requesters of Records

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... LIBRARY OF CONGRESS DISCLOSURE OR PRODUCTION OF RECORDS OR INFORMATION Availability of Library of Congress... based on the direct cost to the Library, including labor, material, and computer time. (b) Duplication... established by the Library's Photoduplication Service, or in the case of machine media duplication, by the...

36 CFR Appendix A to Subpart A of... - Fees and Charges for Services Provided to Requesters of Records

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... LIBRARY OF CONGRESS DISCLOSURE OR PRODUCTION OF RECORDS OR INFORMATION Availability of Library of Congress... based on the direct cost to the Library, including labor, material, and computer time. (b) Duplication... established by the Library's Photoduplication Service, or in the case of machine media duplication, by the...

36 CFR Appendix A to Subpart A of... - Fees and Charges for Services Provided to Requesters of Records

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... LIBRARY OF CONGRESS DISCLOSURE OR PRODUCTION OF RECORDS OR INFORMATION Availability of Library of Congress... based on the direct cost to the Library, including labor, material, and computer time. (b) Duplication... established by the Library's Photoduplication Service, or in the case of machine media duplication, by the...

Feasibility Study: Library Instruction in Specific Science Disciplines Using the Self-Paced Workbook Adapted to Departmental Needs, Mitchell Memorial Library, Fall 1981.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ellsbury, Susan H.; And Others

Student library assistants and undergraduate and graduate students from agricultural and biological engineering, biological sciences, and entomology participated in a study to determine the effectiveness of instructional materials adapted to specific science disciplines for developing practical skills in the use of library resources. All students…

Digital Library Archaeology: A Conceptual Framework for Understanding Library Use through Artifact-Based Evaluation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nicholson, Scott

2005-01-01

Archaeologists have used material artifacts found in a physical space to gain an understanding about the people who occupied that space. Likewise, as users wander through a digital library, they leave behind data-based artifacts of their activity in the virtual space. Digital library archaeologists can gather these artifacts and employ inductive…

Combined Edition of Family Planning Library Manual and Family Planning Classification.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Planned Parenthood--World Population, New York, NY. Katherine Dexter McCormick Library.

This edition combines two previous publications of the Katharine Dexter McCormick Library into one volume: the Family Planning Library Manual, a guide for starting a family planning and population library or information center, and the Family Planning Classification, a coding system for organizing book and non-book materials so that they can be…

Library of Congress Report Urges Technological Updates of Cataloging Strategies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Foster, Andrea L.; Howard, Jennifer

2008-01-01

Libraries need to share records more with one another, make greater use of the Web, and bring more attention to their special collections, according to a report released last month by the Library of Congress. The new study examines how libraries can improve the distribution and use of their materials in a technology-centric environment. But "On…

Stress evaluation of metallic material under steady state based on nonlinear critically refracted longitudinal wave

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mao, Hanling; Zhang, Yuhua; Mao, Hanying; Li, Xinxin; Huang, Zhenfeng

2018-06-01

This paper presents the study of applying the nonlinear ultrasonic wave to evaluate the stress state of metallic materials under steady state. The pre-stress loading method is applied to guarantee components with steady stress. Three kinds of nonlinear ultrasonic experiments based on critically refracted longitudinal wave are conducted on components which the critically refracted longitudinal wave propagates along x, x1 and x2 direction. Experimental results indicate the second and third order relative nonlinear coefficients monotonically increase with stress, and the normalized relationship is consistent with simplified dislocation models, which indicates the experimental result is logical. The combined ultrasonic nonlinear parameter is proposed, and three stress evaluation models at x direction are established based on three ultrasonic nonlinear parameters, which the estimation error is below 5%. Then two stress detection models at x1 and x2 direction are built based on combined ultrasonic nonlinear parameter, the stress synthesis method is applied to calculate the magnitude and direction of principal stress. The results show the prediction error is within 5% and the angle deviation is within 1.5°. Therefore the nonlinear ultrasonic technique based on LCR wave could be applied to nondestructively evaluate the stress of metallic materials under steady state which the magnitude and direction are included.

Bibliography for the Hospitality Industry.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nelson, Elizabeth A.

This annotated bibliography is a sample collection of reference materials in the hospitality industry suitable for a small academic library. It is assumed that the library has a general reference collection. Publication dates range from 1992-96, with two publication dates in the 1980s. No periodicals are included. The 41 reference materials are…

My Infinite Library.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gould, Warwick

2002-01-01

A literary scholar interacts with various other speakers at the Fleur Cowles "Fleur" Symposium 2000 (Austin, TX) and makes his own case for the necessity of physical materials that are always yielding new insights. He rues the apparent denigration of paper materials and the reduction of books even in research libraries and suggests that research…

Backlog Management: Estimating Resources Needed to Eliminate Arrearages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rogers, Sally A.

1991-01-01

Discussion of management of cataloging backlogs in academic libraries focuses on a backlog assessment project conducted at the Ohio State University libraries to facilitate the elimination of two backlogs, one of Slavic language materials and one of general materials. Evaluations of samples from these two collections are discussed in terms of…

Anthropology: A Student's Guide to Reference Sources.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Slavin, Suzy M., Comp.

The guide identifies approximately 100 anthropology source materials in the reference department of McLennan Library at McGill University. It was designd to help students doing anthropological research and to illustrate the variety of materials on social and cultural anthropology in the McLennan Library. Physical anthropolgy, linguistics, and…

Sociomaterial Texts, Spaces and Devices: Questioning "Digital Dualism" in Library and Study Practices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gourlay, Lesley; Lanclos, Donna M.; Oliver, Martin

2015-01-01

Work on students' study practices posits the digital and material as separate domains, with the "digital" assumed to be disembodied, decontextualised and free-floating, and spaces in the material campus positioned as prototypically "traditional" and analogue. Libraries in particular are often characterised as symbolic of…

The Documentation of Current Affairs in Public Libraries

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Gerry M.

1971-01-01

Current affairs phenomena are inadequately treated by the mass media. Primary materials produced by pressure groups is a valuable complement. Larger public libraries could perform a useful service in making some of the material more widely available. This article explains why and how it should be done. (2 references) (Author/NH)

Considerations Before Writing a Public Library Building Program in Children's Services.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hektoen, Faith

Designed to be useful for the assessment of existing collections and facilities as well as for planning new libraries, these guidelines detail specific needs, considerations and possibilities, and specifications for both materials and area planning. The materials section includes separate treatment for various types of books and other…

The Internet Is Not the Library

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Verdesca, Anthony F.

2009-01-01

In the not too distant past, libraries kept a vertical file of printed materials that typically consisted of newspaper and magazine clippings, pamphlets, brochures, maps, photographs, and sundry whatnots. Most, if not all, of these materials were irregularly published or they were not published in any official manner. They were seen as incidental…

Temperature dependent nonlinear metal matrix laminae behavior

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barrett, D. J.; Buesking, K. W.

1986-01-01

An analytical method is described for computing the nonlinear thermal and mechanical response of laminated plates. The material model focuses upon the behavior of metal matrix materials by relating the nonlinear composite response to plasticity effects in the matrix. The foundation of the analysis is the unidirectional material model which is used to compute the instantaneous properties of the lamina based upon the properties of the fibers and matrix. The unidirectional model assumes that the fibers properties are constant with temperature and assumes that the matrix can be modelled as a temperature dependent, bilinear, kinematically hardening material. An incremental approach is used to compute average stresses in the fibers and matrix caused by arbitrary mechanical and thermal loads. The layer model is incorporated in an incremental laminated plate theory to compute the nonlinear response of laminated metal matrix composites of general orientation and stacking sequence. The report includes comparisons of the method with other analytical approaches and compares theoretical calculations with measured experimental material behavior. A section is included which describes the limitations of the material model.

Third order nonlinear optical properties of graphene quantum dots under continuous wavelength regime at 532 nm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumara, K.; Shetty, T. C. S.; Patil, P. S.; Maidur, Shivaraj R.; Dharmaprakash, S. M.

2018-04-01

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have drawn more attention due to their multifunctional characteristics which can be used for various applications. However, literature on nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of GQDs is scarcely available. Therefore more investigations are required on NLO properties of GQDs. We report preparation of GQDs from pyrolysis method using citric acid as starting material. Third order nonlinear optical (TNLO) properties are studied using Z-scan technique employing continuous wavelength laser. Study reveals that GQD's show self defocusing effect. This is due to thermal heating of solvent which leads to negative nonlinear refractive index of the material. Open aperture (OA) Z-scan reveals reverse saturation absorption (RSA) nature of the material indicating optical limiting (OL) property. A broad UV absorbance spectrum reveals photoluminescence (PL) emission of the material which is independent of excitation wavelength.

Experimental Investigation of the Acoustic Nonlinear Behavior in Granular Polymer Bonded Explosives with Progressive Fatigue Damage

PubMed Central

Yang, Zhanfeng; Tian, Yong; Li, Weibin; Zhou, Haiqiang; Zhang, Weibin; Li, Jingming

2017-01-01

The measurement of acoustic nonlinear response is known as a promising technique to characterize material micro-damages. In this paper, nonlinear ultrasonic approach is used to characterize the evolution of fatigue induced micro-cracks in polymer bonded explosives. The variations of acoustic nonlinearity with respect to fatigue cycles in the specimens are obtained in this investigation. The present results show a significant increase of acoustic nonlinearity with respect to fatigue cycles. The experimental observation of the correlation between the acoustic nonlinearity and fatigue cycles in carbon/epoxy laminates, verifies that an acoustic nonlinear response can be used to evaluate the progressive fatigue damage in the granular polymer bonded explosives. The sensitivity comparison of nonlinear and linear parameters of ultrasonic waves in the specimens shows that nonlinear acoustic parameters are more promising indicators to fatigue induced micro-damage than linear ones. The feasibility study of the micro-damage assessment of polymer bonded explosives by nonlinear ultrasonic technique in this work can be applied to damage identification, material degradation monitoring, and lifetime prediction of the explosive parts. PMID:28773017

Experimental Investigation of the Acoustic Nonlinear Behavior in Granular Polymer Bonded Explosives with Progressive Fatigue Damage.

PubMed

Yang, Zhanfeng; Tian, Yong; Li, Weibin; Zhou, Haiqiang; Zhang, Weibin; Li, Jingming

2017-06-16

The measurement of acoustic nonlinear response is known as a promising technique to characterize material micro-damages. In this paper, nonlinear ultrasonic approach is used to characterize the evolution of fatigue induced micro-cracks in polymer bonded explosives. The variations of acoustic nonlinearity with respect to fatigue cycles in the specimens are obtained in this investigation. The present results show a significant increase of acoustic nonlinearity with respect to fatigue cycles. The experimental observation of the correlation between the acoustic nonlinearity and fatigue cycles in carbon/epoxy laminates, verifies that an acoustic nonlinear response can be used to evaluate the progressive fatigue damage in the granular polymer bonded explosives. The sensitivity comparison of nonlinear and linear parameters of ultrasonic waves in the specimens shows that nonlinear acoustic parameters are more promising indicators to fatigue induced micro-damage than linear ones. The feasibility study of the micro-damage assessment of polymer bonded explosives by nonlinear ultrasonic technique in this work can be applied to damage identification, material degradation monitoring, and lifetime prediction of the explosive parts.

Spider-Man at the Library.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dorrell, Larry; Carroll, Ed

1981-01-01

A study showed that library circulation of noncomic materials increased by 30 percent and overall library usage by 82 percent, with only minimal comic collection security problems, when comic books were added to the collection at West Junior High School, Columbia, Missouri. (RAA)

Stimulating Public Interest in Lunar Exploration and Enhancing Science Literacy Through Library Programs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shipp, S.; Nelson, B.; Stockman, S.; Weir, H.; Carter, B.; Bleacher, L.

2008-07-01

Libraries are vibrant learning places, seeking partners in science programming. LPI's Explore! program offers a model for public engagement in lunar exploration in libraries, as shown by materials created collaboratively with the LRO E/PO team.

Nonlinear hyperspectral unmixing based on sparse non-negative matrix factorization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Jing; Li, Xiaorun; Zhao, Liaoying

2016-01-01

Hyperspectral unmixing aims at extracting pure material spectra, accompanied by their corresponding proportions, from a mixed pixel. Owing to modeling more accurate distribution of real material, nonlinear mixing models (non-LMM) are usually considered to hold better performance than LMMs in complicated scenarios. In the past years, numerous nonlinear models have been successfully applied to hyperspectral unmixing. However, most non-LMMs only think of sum-to-one constraint or positivity constraint while the widespread sparsity among real materials mixing is the very factor that cannot be ignored. That is, for non-LMMs, a pixel is usually composed of a few spectral signatures of different materials from all the pure pixel set. Thus, in this paper, a smooth sparsity constraint is incorporated into the state-of-the-art Fan nonlinear model to exploit the sparsity feature in nonlinear model and use it to enhance the unmixing performance. This sparsity-constrained Fan model is solved with the non-negative matrix factorization. The algorithm was implemented on synthetic and real hyperspectral data and presented its advantage over those competing algorithms in the experiments.

KAOS/LIB-V: A library of nuclear response functions generated by KAOS-V code from ENDF/B-V and other data files

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Farawila, Y.; Gohar, Y.; Maynard, C.

1989-04-01

KAOS/LIB-V: A library of processed nuclear responses for neutronics analyses of nuclear systems has been generated. The library was prepared using the KAOS-V code and nuclear data from ENDF/B-V. The library includes kerma (kinetic energy released in materials) factors and other nuclear response functions for all materials presently of interest in fusion and fission applications for 43 nonfissionable and 15 fissionable isotopes and elements. The nuclear response functions include gas production and tritium-breeding functions, and all important reaction cross sections. KAOS/LIB-V employs the VITAMIN-E weighting function and energy group structure of 174 neutron groups. Auxiliary nuclear data bases, e.g., themore » Japanese evaluated nuclear data library JENDL-2 were used as a source of isotopic cross sections when these data are not provided in ENDF/B-V files for a natural element. These are needed mainly to estimate average quantities such as effective Q-values for the natural element. This analysis of local energy deposition was instrumental in detecting and understanding energy balance deficiencies and other problems in the ENDF/B-V data. Pertinent information about the library and a graphical display of the main nuclear response functions for all materials in the library are given. 35 refs.« less

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wacker, John F.; Curry, Michael

The interpretation of data from the nuclear forensic analysis of illicit nuclear material of unknown origin requires comparative data from samples of known origin. One way to provide such comparative data is to create a system of national nuclear forensics libraries, in which each participating country stores information about nuclear or other radioactive material that either resides in or was manufactured by that country. Such national libraries could provide an authoritative record of the material located in or produced by a particular country, and thus forms an essential prerequisite for a government to investigate illicit uses of nuclear or othermore » radioactive material within its borders. We describe the concept of the national nuclear forensic library, recommendations for content and structure, and suggested querying methods for utilizing the information for addressing nuclear smuggling.« less

USGS Digital Spectral Library splib06a

USGS Publications Warehouse

Clark, Roger N.; Swayze, Gregg A.; Wise, Richard A.; Livo, K. Eric; Hoefen, Todd M.; Kokaly, Raymond F.; Sutley, Stephen J.

2007-01-01

Introduction We have assembled a digital reflectance spectral library that covers the wavelength range from the ultraviolet to far infrared along with sample documentation. The library includes samples of minerals, rocks, soils, physically constructed as well as mathematically computed mixtures, plants, vegetation communities, microorganisms, and man-made materials. The samples and spectra collected were assembled for the purpose of using spectral features for the remote detection of these and similar materials. Analysis of spectroscopic data from laboratory, aircraft, and spacecraft instrumentation requires a knowledge base. The spectral library discussed here forms a knowledge base for the spectroscopy of minerals and related materials of importance to a variety of research programs being conducted at the U.S. Geological Survey. Much of this library grew out of the need for spectra to support imaging spectroscopy studies of the Earth and planets. Imaging spectrometers, such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Airborne Visible/Infra Red Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) or the NASA Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) which is currently orbiting Saturn, have narrow bandwidths in many contiguous spectral channels that permit accurate definition of absorption features in spectra from a variety of materials. Identification of materials from such data requires a comprehensive spectral library of minerals, vegetation, man-made materials, and other subjects in the scene. Our research involves the use of the spectral library to identify the components in a spectrum of an unknown. Therefore, the quality of the library must be very good. However, the quality required in a spectral library to successfully perform an investigation depends on the scientific questions to be answered and the type of algorithms to be used. For example, to map a mineral using imaging spectroscopy and the mapping algorithm of Clark and others (1990a, 2003b), one simply needs a diagnostic absorption band. The mapping system uses continuum-removed reference spectral features fitted to features in observed spectra. Spectral features for such algorithms can be obtained from a spectrum of a sample containing large amounts of contaminants, including those that add other spectral features, as long as the shape of the diagnostic feature of interest is not modified. If, however, the data are needed for radiative transfer models to derive mineral abundances from reflectance spectra, then completely uncontaminated spectra are required. This library contains spectra that span a range of quality, with purity indicators to flag spectra for (or against) particular uses. Acquiring spectral measurements and performing sample characterizations for this library has taken about 15 person-years of effort. Software to manage the library and provide scientific analysis capability is provided (Clark, 1980, 1993). A personal computer (PC) reader for the library is also available (Livo and others, 1993). The program reads specpr binary files (Clark, 1980, 1993) and plots spectra. Another program that reads the specpr format is written in IDL (Kokaly, 2005). In our view, an ideal spectral library consists of samples covering a very wide range of materials, has large wavelength range with very high precision, and has enough sample analyses and documentation to establish the quality of the spectra. Time and available resources limit what can be achieved. Ideally, for each mineral, the sample analysis would include X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microprobe (EM) or X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and petrographic microscopic analyses. For some minerals, such as iron oxides, additional analyses such as Mossbauer would be helpful. We have found that to make the basic spectral measurements, provide XRD, EM or XRF analyses, and microscopic analyses, document the results, and complete an entry of one spectral library sample, all takes about

Advanced Ultrafast Spectroscopy for Chemical Detection of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Materials

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Villa-Aleman, E.; Houk, A.; Spencer, W.

The development of new signatures and observables from processes related to proliferation activities are often related to the development of technologies. In our physical world, the intensity of observables is linearly related to the input drivers (light, current, voltage, etc.). Ultrafast lasers with high peak energies, opens the door to a new regime where the intensity of the observables is not necessarily linear with the laser energy. Potential nonlinear spectroscopic applications include chemical detection via remote sensing through filament generation, material characterization and processing, chemical reaction specificity, surface phenomena modifications, X-ray production, nuclear fusion, etc. The National Security Directorate lasermore » laboratory is currently working to develop new tools for nonproliferation research with femtosecond and picosecond lasers. Prior to this project, we could only achieve laser energies in the 5 nano-Joule range, preventing the study of nonlinear phenomena. To advance our nonproliferation research into the nonlinear regime we require laser pulses in the milli-Joule (mJ) energy range. We have procured and installed a 35 fs-7 mJ laser, operating at one-kilohertz repetition rate, to investigate elemental and molecular detection of materials in the laboratory with potential applications in remote sensing. Advanced, nonlinear Raman techniques will be used to study materials of interest that are in a matrix of many materials and currently with these nonlinear techniques we can achieve greater than three orders of magnitude signal enhancement. This work studying nuclear fuel cycle materials with nonlinear spectroscopies will advance SRNL research capabilities and grow a core capability within the DOE complex.« less

User-defined Material Model for Thermo-mechanical Progressive Failure Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Knight, Norman F., Jr.

2008-01-01

Previously a user-defined material model for orthotropic bimodulus materials was developed for linear and nonlinear stress analysis of composite structures using either shell or solid finite elements within a nonlinear finite element analysis tool. Extensions of this user-defined material model to thermo-mechanical progressive failure analysis are described, and the required input data are documented. The extensions include providing for temperature-dependent material properties, archival of the elastic strains, and a thermal strain calculation for materials exhibiting a stress-free temperature.

Nonlinear refractive index measurements and self-action effects in Roselle-Hibiscus Sabdariffa solutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Henari, F. Z.; Al-Saie, A.

2006-12-01

We report the observation of self-action phenomena, such as self-focusing, self-defocusing, self-phase modulation and beam fanning in Roselle-Hibiscus Sabdariffa solutions. This material is found to be a new type of natural nonlinear media, and the nonlinear reflective index coefficient has been determined using a Z-scan technique and by measuring the critical power for the self-trapping effect. Z-scan measurements show that this material has a large negative nonlinear refractive index, n 2 = 1 × 10-4 esu. A comparison between the experimental n 2 values and the calculated thermal value for n 2 suggests that the major contribution to nonlinear response is of thermal origin.

A Multiscale, Nonlinear, Modeling Framework Enabling the Design and Analysis of Composite Materials and Structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bednarcyk, Brett A.; Arnold, Steven M.

2012-01-01

A framework for the multiscale design and analysis of composite materials and structures is presented. The ImMAC software suite, developed at NASA Glenn Research Center, embeds efficient, nonlinear micromechanics capabilities within higher scale structural analysis methods such as finite element analysis. The result is an integrated, multiscale tool that relates global loading to the constituent scale, captures nonlinearities at this scale, and homogenizes local nonlinearities to predict their effects at the structural scale. Example applications of the multiscale framework are presented for the stochastic progressive failure of a SiC/Ti composite tensile specimen and the effects of microstructural variations on the nonlinear response of woven polymer matrix composites.

Determination of refraction nonlinear index, for effect thermal, of solutions with nanoparticles of gold

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Olivares-Vargas, A.; Trejo-Durán, M.; Alvarado-Méndez, E.; Cornejo-Monroy, D.; Mata-Chávez, R. I.; Estudillo-Ayala, J. M.; Castaño-Meneses, V.

2013-09-01

Research of nonlinear optical properties of materials for manufacturing opto-electronic devices, had a great growth in the last years. The solutions with nanoparticle metals present nonlinear optical properties. In this work we present the results of characterizing, analyzing and determining the magnitude and sign of the nonlinear refractive index, using the z-scan technique in solutions with nanoparticles of gold, lipoic acid and sodium chloride. We used a continuous Argon laser at 514 nm with variable power, an 18 cms lens, and a chopper. We determined the nonlinear refractive index in the order of 10-9. These materials have potential applications mainly as optical limiters.

A Multiscale, Nonlinear, Modeling Framework Enabling the Design and Analysis of Composite Materials and Structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bednarcyk, Brett A.; Arnold, Steven M.

2011-01-01

A framework for the multiscale design and analysis of composite materials and structures is presented. The ImMAC software suite, developed at NASA Glenn Research Center, embeds efficient, nonlinear micromechanics capabilities within higher scale structural analysis methods such as finite element analysis. The result is an integrated, multiscale tool that relates global loading to the constituent scale, captures nonlinearities at this scale, and homogenizes local nonlinearities to predict their effects at the structural scale. Example applications of the multiscale framework are presented for the stochastic progressive failure of a SiC/Ti composite tensile specimen and the effects of microstructural variations on the nonlinear response of woven polymer matrix composites.

A Study of the National Library Standards Showing the Increased Emphasis on Audiovisuals and the Effect on Library Science Education and State Certification Requirements.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Franklin, Ann York

The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of the national library standards, beginning with a synopsis of the 1945 version up to the latest revision of 1969, and to show how the addition of audiovisuals, or non-print materials, has affected the connotation of the library or librarian. The definition or explanation of the library becomes…

Real-time Monitoring Of Damage Evolution In Aerospace Materials Using Nonlinear Acoustics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matikas, T. E.; Paipetis, A.; Kostopoulos, V.

2008-06-01

This work deals with the development of a novel non-destructive technique based on nonlinear acoustics, enabling real-time monitoring of material degradation in aerospace structures. When a sinusoidal ultrasonic wave of a given frequency and of sufficient amplitude is introduced into a nonlinear or an-harmonic solid, the fundamental wave distorts as it propagates, so that the second and higher harmonics of the fundamental frequency are generated. The measurement of the amplitude of these harmonics provides information on the coefficient of the second and higher order terms of the stress-strain relation for a nonlinear solid. It is demonstrated here that the material bulk nonlinear parameter for titanium alloy samples at different fatigue levels exhibits large changes compared to linear ultrasonic parameters such as velocity and attenuation. However, the use of bulk ultrasonic waves has serious disadvantages for the health monitoring of aerospace structures since it requires the placement of ultrasonic transducers on two, perfectly parallel, opposite sides of the samples. Such a setup is hardly feasible in real field conditions. For this reason, surface acoustic waves (SAW) were used in this study enabling the in-situ characterization of fatigue damage. The experimental setup for measuring the material nonlinear parameter using SAW was realised and the feasibility of the technique for health monitoring of aerospace structures was evaluated.

Materials Evaluation in the Tri-Service Thermal Radiation Test Facility.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-06-20

CONTRACTORS (Continued) Science Applications Intl Corp Science Applications. Inc ATTN: S. Binninger ATTN: Tech Library Science Applications Intl Corp...Tech, Inc ATTN: Library Science Applications, Inc ATTN: Tech Library TRW Electronics & Defense Sector ATTN: h. Plows ATTN: B. Sussholtz ATTN: J

The SOLO Librarian's Sourcebook.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Siess, Judith A.

This book provides an introduction to single staff information services, or SOLO librarianship. SOLO librarians are usually found in corporate libraries, private companies, small public libraries, museums, schools, churches or synagogues, prisons, law firms, hospitals or special libraries with specialized or limited materials and services with…

Realistic Library Research Methods: Bibliographic Sources Annotated.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kushon, Susan G.; Wells, Bernice

This guide gives an overview of basic library research methods with emphasis upon developing an understanding of library organization and professional services. Commonly used bibliographic techniques are described for various published and unpublished, print and nonprint materials. Standard reference sources (bibliographies, encyclopedias, annual…

Femtosecond Z-scan measurements of the nonlinear refractive index of fused silica

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Lin; Shi, Zhendong; Ma, Hua; Ren, Huan; Yuan, Quan; Ma, Yurong; Feng, Xiaoxuan; Chen, Bo; Yang, Yi

2018-01-01

Z-scan technology is a popular experimental technique for determining the nonlinear refractive index of the material. However, it encounters a great difficulty in measuring the weak nonlinear material like fused silica which is about two orders of magnitude below the nonlinear refractive index of most of the materials studied with the nanosecond and picosecond Z-scan methods. In this case, the change of refractive index introduced by accumulation of thermal effects cannot be neglected. In order to have a reliable measurement of the nonlinear refractive index, a metrology bench based on the femtosecond Z-scan technology is developed. The intensity modulation component and the differential measurement system are applied to guarantee the accuracy of the measuring system. Based on the femtosecond Z-scan theory, the femtosecond laser Z-scan technique is performed on fused silica, and the nonlinear refractive index of Fused silica is determined to be 9.2039×10-14esu for 800nm, 37fs pulse duration at I0=50GW/cm2 with a good repeatability of 6.7%.

Classified Information and Technical Libraries. Final Report. Army Technical Library Improvement Studies (ATLIS), Report No. 11.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Luger, Herbert P.; Booser, Ronald J.

A survey of the literature in the last ten years and interviews with library and security personnel indicated: (1)the problems of handling classified information in libraries have been scanted; (2) there is wide divergence in policies and practices of disseminating such materials; (3)interlibrary cooperation with respect to classified holdings is…

Use of Public Libraries by Middle and High School Students in DeKalb County, Georgia.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Enujioke, Emmanuel

The purpose of this study was to determine factors that influence middle and high school students' use of public libraries, the type of materials they use, and the frequency with which students use public libraries compared to the students' use of school library media centers. A questionnaire was used as the data gathering instrument. It was…

International Federation of Library Associations Annual Conference. Papers of the Management and Technology Division: Conservation Section (47th, Leipzig, East Germany, August 17-22, 1981).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sylvestre, J. G.; And Others

Five papers in this collection are concerned with the preservation of library materials; the remaining paper addresses library building standards, emphasizing their value and identifying other reports on library standards. The conservation papers cover: (1) training for conservation in Canada, identifying institutions and associations offering…

Survey of the Use of Slide/Tape Presentations for Orientation and Instruction Purposes in Academic Libraries.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hardesty, Larry

Eighty-eight academic libraries were surveyed to determine what kinds of slide/tape library instruction materials are available for purchase or loan. The conclusions reached were: (1) there are less than a dozen libraries that have produced presentations of sufficient quality and adaptability to be widely used; and (2) the slide/tape format…

Introduction to the Stony Brook Library: A Self-Paced Workbook for INT 150.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baum, Nathan; And Others

Designed to acquaint Stony Brook students with the facilities and resources of their library, this workbook in library skills is used in conjunction with courses offered at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. It is organized into chapters dealing with types of materials rather than by area of the library. Each chapter has an…

School Library Media Programs and the National Program for Library and Information Services. Related Paper No. 7.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Franckowiak, Bernard M.

The nature of the instructional process, with emphasis on student involvement in the use of materials, makes it essential that excellent school library media programs be provided at the school building level. The National Program for Library and Information Services could provide substantial improvement in the provision of information services to…

Information Literacy and the Public Library: We've Talked the Talk, but Are We Walking the Walk?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harding, Jane

2008-01-01

There has been much talk about libraries, including public libraries, being uniquely positioned to act as key agents for developing the critical skill of information literacy in their communities. Yet there is a notable lack of literature addressing information literacy and the public library, especially when compared to the volume of material on…

Reformulation of Nonlinear Anisotropic Crystal Elastoplasticity for Impact Physics

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-03-01

interest include metals, ceramics , minerals, and energetic materials . Accurate, efficient, stable, and thermodynamically consistent models for...Clayton JD. Phase field theory and analysis of pressure-shear induced amorphization and failure in boron carbide ceramic . AIMS Materials Science. 2014;1...of Nonlinear Anisotropic Crystal Elastoplasticity for Impact Physics by JD Clayton Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, ARL

Health sciences library building projects, 1996-1997 survey.

PubMed Central

Bowden, V M

1998-01-01

Nine building projects are briefly described, including four new libraries, two renovations, and three combined renovations and additions. The libraries range in size from 657 square feet to 136,832 square feet, with seating varying from 14 to 635. Three hospital libraries and four academic health sciences libraries are described in more detail. In each case an important consideration was the provision for computer access. Two of the libraries expanded their space for historical collections. Three of the libraries added mobile shelving as a way of storing print materials while providing space for other activities. Images PMID:9549012

New solution decomposition and minimization schemes for Poisson-Boltzmann equation in calculation of biomolecular electrostatics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xie, Dexuan

2014-10-01

The Poisson-Boltzmann equation (PBE) is one widely-used implicit solvent continuum model in the calculation of electrostatic potential energy for biomolecules in ionic solvent, but its numerical solution remains a challenge due to its strong singularity and nonlinearity caused by its singular distribution source terms and exponential nonlinear terms. To effectively deal with such a challenge, in this paper, new solution decomposition and minimization schemes are proposed, together with a new PBE analysis on solution existence and uniqueness. Moreover, a PBE finite element program package is developed in Python based on the FEniCS program library and GAMer, a molecular surface and volumetric mesh generation program package. Numerical tests on proteins and a nonlinear Born ball model with an analytical solution validate the new solution decomposition and minimization schemes, and demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the new PBE finite element program package.

How to Find Out in: Philosophy. Revised.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robertson, Susan E.

This library handbook was designed to aid the student of philosophy. It lists reference materials basic to general research and gives their location in the Fogler Library at the University of Maine. Materials are listed in ten categories: (1) guides to the literature; (2) dictionaries and encyclopedias; (3) abstracts and indexes; (4)…

Interlibrary Loan Requests for Locally Available Materials: WorldCat Local's Impact

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gaffney, Megan

2012-01-01

Several studies have researched the reasons and patterns for academic library users' interlibrary loan requests for materials already available at their college or university library. This study examines interlibrary loan statistics at the University of Delaware for four academic years to determine whether WorldCat Local impacts requests for…

36 CFR 1256.76 - How do I request mandatory review of classified information under Executive Order 12958, as amended?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... request to (1) Presidential records and donated historical materials at a Presidential library The appropriate library cited in 36 CFR part 1253. (2) Nixon Presidential materials Director, Nixon Presidential... records, judicial records, legislative records maintained in the Washington, DC, area Chief, Special...

Locating Asian Materials in the Meramec Library. Asian Studies Module.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Finkelston, Candy

This curriculum guide introduces the different components of a library science course which provides students with the basic skills to search Asian sources and materials. The first part of the curriculum guide discusses the student objectives of the course, which is designed to provide students with expanded knowledge of searching CD-ROM programs…

Tejanos, Chicanos & Mexicanos: A Partially Annotated Historical Bibliography for Texas Public School Teachers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilson, James A., Comp.

Intended for classroom teachers on the secondary level, the historical bibliography cites 581 publications which can be obtained from bookstores, public and university libraries, and through inter-library loans. Although the materials, published between 1899 and 1973, stress Texas themes, material on the greater Southwest and the nation is…

How to Find Out in: Engineering.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Campana, Jean

This library handbook is a guide for the engineering student. It lists some of the more useful materials and reference books basic to general research and gives their location in the Fogler Library at the University of Maine. Materials are listed in three categories: (1) general reference works--dictionaries, encyclopedias, and handbooks; (2)…

PAPERBACK BOOKS AND THE COLLEGE LIBRARY.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

HARTZ, FREDERIC R.

THE TOTAL ACADEMIC PROGRAM OF A COLLEGE IS ENHANCED BY A LIBRARY THAT (1) PROVIDES A RICH VARIETY OF MATERIALS FOR USE BY FACULTY AND STUDENTS, (2) MAKES AVAILABLE FACILITIES, SERVICES, AND EQUIPMENT NECESSARY FOR THE SELECTION, ORGANIZATION, AND USE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS, AND (3) OFFERS LEADERSHIP IN THE PRODUCTION AND USE OF VARIOUS…

The High School Mathematics Library. Seventh Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schaaf, William L.

This document was designed as a guide for the selection of library books for high school students of all levels of ability. It also contains materials dealing with the professional interests of students and teachers involved with mathematics in junior and community colleges. The material is categorized into: (1) Expository Mathematics; (2)…

Guide to Chicano Resources in the University of Arizona Library.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sonntag, Iliana; And Others

This guide is designed to call attention to and make more accessible the collection of materials in the University of Arizona Library on Mexican American history, culture, and social and economic development. It contains current materials although some older works may be included due to their comprehensiveness. Each of the 15 subject…

Nonlinear Optical Properties of Traditional and Novel Materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krupa, Sean J.

Nonlinear optical processes are an excellent candidate to provide the heralded, indistinguishable, or entangled photons necessary for development of quantum mechanics based technology which currently lack bright sources of these photons. In order to support these technologies, and others, two classes of materials: traditional and novel, were investigated via optical characterization methods with goal of gaining insight into which materials and experimental conditions yield the greatest nonlinear optical effects. Optical characterization of periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) helped support the development of a simple, efficient photon pair source that could be easily integrated into optical networks. Additionally, an in-situ measurement of the 2nd order nonlinear optical coefficient was developed to aid in the characterization of PPLN pair sources. Lastly, an undergraduate demonstration of quantum key distribution was constructed such that students could see the primary application for PPLN photon pair sources in an affordable, approachable demonstration. A class of novel optical materials known as 2D materials has been identified as potential replacements to the traditional nonlinear optical materials discussed in Part I. Through optical characterization of second harmonic generation (SHG) the ideal conditions for spontaneous parametric downconversion were established as well as signal thresholds for successful detection. Attempts to observe SPDC produces hints that weak generate SPDC may be present in WS2 samples however this is incredibly difficult to confirm. As growth techniques of 2D materials improve, a photonic device constructed from these materials may be possible, however it will need some mechanism e.g. stacking, a cavity, etc. to help enhance the SPDC signal.

Natural stiffening increases flaw tolerance of biological fibers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Giesa, Tristan; Pugno, Nicola M.; Buehler, Markus J.

2012-10-01

Many fibers in biomaterials such as tendon, elastin, or silk feature a nonlinear stiffening behavior of the stress-strain relationship, where the rigidity of the material increases severely as the material is being stretched. Here we show that such nonlinear stiffening is beneficial for a fiber's ability to withstand cracks, leading to a flaw tolerant state in which stress concentrations around cracks are diminished. Our findings, established by molecular mechanics and the derivation of a theoretical scaling law, explain experimentally observed fiber sizes in a range of biomaterials and point to the importance of nonlinear stiffening to enhance their fracture properties. Our study suggests that nonlinear stiffening provides a mechanism by which nanoscale mechanical properties can be scaled up, providing a means towards bioinspired fibrous material and structural design.

Non-reciprocal geometric wave diode by engineering asymmetric shapes of nonlinear materials.

PubMed

Li, Nianbei; Ren, Jie

2014-08-29

Unidirectional nonreciprocal transport is at the heart of many fundamental problems and applications in both science and technology. Here we study the novel design of wave diode devices by engineering asymmetric shapes of nonlinear materials to realize the function of non-reciprocal wave propagations. We first show analytical results revealing that both nonlinearity and asymmetry are necessary to induce such non-reciprocal (asymmetric) wave propagations. Detailed numerical simulations are further performed for a more realistic geometric wave diode model with typical asymmetric shape, where good non-reciprocal wave diode effect is demonstrated. Finally, we discuss the scalability of geometric wave diodes. The results open a flexible way for designing wave diodes efficiently simply through shape engineering of nonlinear materials, which may find broad implications in controlling energy, mass and information transports.

libmpdata++ 1.0: a library of parallel MPDATA solvers for systems of generalised transport equations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jaruga, A.; Arabas, S.; Jarecka, D.; Pawlowska, H.; Smolarkiewicz, P. K.; Waruszewski, M.

2015-04-01

This paper accompanies the first release of libmpdata++, a C++ library implementing the multi-dimensional positive-definite advection transport algorithm (MPDATA) on regular structured grid. The library offers basic numerical solvers for systems of generalised transport equations. The solvers are forward-in-time, conservative and non-linearly stable. The libmpdata++ library covers the basic second-order-accurate formulation of MPDATA, its third-order variant, the infinite-gauge option for variable-sign fields and a flux-corrected transport extension to guarantee non-oscillatory solutions. The library is equipped with a non-symmetric variational elliptic solver for implicit evaluation of pressure gradient terms. All solvers offer parallelisation through domain decomposition using shared-memory parallelisation. The paper describes the library programming interface, and serves as a user guide. Supported options are illustrated with benchmarks discussed in the MPDATA literature. Benchmark descriptions include code snippets as well as quantitative representations of simulation results. Examples of applications include homogeneous transport in one, two and three dimensions in Cartesian and spherical domains; a shallow-water system compared with analytical solution (originally derived for a 2-D case); and a buoyant convection problem in an incompressible Boussinesq fluid with interfacial instability. All the examples are implemented out of the library tree. Regardless of the differences in the problem dimensionality, right-hand-side terms, boundary conditions and parallelisation approach, all the examples use the same unmodified library, which is a key goal of libmpdata++ design. The design, based on the principle of separation of concerns, prioritises the user and developer productivity. The libmpdata++ library is implemented in C++, making use of the Blitz++ multi-dimensional array containers, and is released as free/libre and open-source software.

libmpdata++ 0.1: a library of parallel MPDATA solvers for systems of generalised transport equations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jaruga, A.; Arabas, S.; Jarecka, D.; Pawlowska, H.; Smolarkiewicz, P. K.; Waruszewski, M.

2014-11-01

This paper accompanies first release of libmpdata++, a C++ library implementing the Multidimensional Positive-Definite Advection Transport Algorithm (MPDATA). The library offers basic numerical solvers for systems of generalised transport equations. The solvers are forward-in-time, conservative and non-linearly stable. The libmpdata++ library covers the basic second-order-accurate formulation of MPDATA, its third-order variant, the infinite-gauge option for variable-sign fields and a flux-corrected transport extension to guarantee non-oscillatory solutions. The library is equipped with a non-symmetric variational elliptic solver for implicit evaluation of pressure gradient terms. All solvers offer parallelisation through domain decomposition using shared-memory parallelisation. The paper describes the library programming interface, and serves as a user guide. Supported options are illustrated with benchmarks discussed in the MPDATA literature. Benchmark descriptions include code snippets as well as quantitative representations of simulation results. Examples of applications include: homogeneous transport in one, two and three dimensions in Cartesian and spherical domains; shallow-water system compared with analytical solution (originally derived for a 2-D case); and a buoyant convection problem in an incompressible Boussinesq fluid with interfacial instability. All the examples are implemented out of the library tree. Regardless of the differences in the problem dimensionality, right-hand-side terms, boundary conditions and parallelisation approach, all the examples use the same unmodified library, which is a key goal of libmpdata++ design. The design, based on the principle of separation of concerns, prioritises the user and developer productivity. The libmpdata++ library is implemented in C++, making use of the Blitz++ multi-dimensional array containers, and is released as free/libre and open-source software.

How to characterize a nonlinear elastic material? A review on nonlinear constitutive parameters in isotropic finite elasticity

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

The mechanical response of a homogeneous isotropic linearly elastic material can be fully characterized by two physical constants, the Young’s modulus and the Poisson’s ratio, which can be derived by simple tensile experiments. Any other linear elastic parameter can be obtained from these two constants. By contrast, the physical responses of nonlinear elastic materials are generally described by parameters which are scalar functions of the deformation, and their particular choice is not always clear. Here, we review in a unified theoretical framework several nonlinear constitutive parameters, including the stretch modulus, the shear modulus and the Poisson function, that are defined for homogeneous isotropic hyperelastic materials and are measurable under axial or shear experimental tests. These parameters represent changes in the material properties as the deformation progresses, and can be identified with their linear equivalent when the deformations are small. Universal relations between certain of these parameters are further established, and then used to quantify nonlinear elastic responses in several hyperelastic models for rubber, soft tissue and foams. The general parameters identified here can also be viewed as a flexible basis for coupling elastic responses in multi-scale processes, where an open challenge is the transfer of meaningful information between scales. PMID:29225507

Instructional Materials Centers; Selected Readings.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pearson, Neville P.; Butler, Lucius

Revolutionary innovation in the traditional school library has produced "the media center", where--in addition to books--films, television, tapes, and multimedia displays are available to increase student learning. This book represents a collection of eighty-three articles from library journals dealing with library science in its modern…

Censorproofing School Library Collections: The Fallacy and Futility.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schrader, Alvin M.

1996-01-01

Discusses why challenges to materials in school libraries cannot be avoided. Demonstrates how reader response theory, the multiple readings of text, makes self-censorship difficult. Explains how "censorproofing" by title, author/artist, and subject ignores reader unpredictability and maturity levels. Finds all school libraries vulnerable…

Merchandising Techniques and Libraries.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Green, Sylvie A.

1981-01-01

Proposes that libraries employ modern booksellers' merchandising techniques to improve circulation of library materials. Using displays in various ways, the methods and reasons for weeding out books, replacing worn book jackets, and selecting new books are discussed. Suggestions for learning how to market and 11 references are provided. (RBF)

Acquisition Policies. SPEC Kit 12.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Association of Research Libraries, Washington, DC. Office of Management Studies.

This collection of acquisition materials from member libraries of the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) contains: (1) acquisition policies from Brigham Young University, Iowa State University, and the University of Cincinnati; (2) book selection policies from the University of Nebraska Undergraduate Library and Georgetown University; (3) an…

To Buy or Not to Buy: An Analysis of Some School Library Purchasing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fasick, Adele M.; Wilkinson, John P.

1983-01-01

Reports results of survey of purchasing patterns of school libraries in Ontario, Canada, for five periodicals--"OWL,""Chickadee,""Hibou,""Ranger Rick," and "World." Reasons for purchasing magazines, magazine use, personnel background, materials budget, and a discussion of those libraries not…

The Library of Congress Information Bulletin, 1999.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Library of Congress Information Bulletin, 1999

1999-01-01

These 12 issues, representing 1 calendar year (1999) of "The Library of Congress Information Bulletin," contain information on Library of Congress new collections and program developments, lectures and readings, financial support and materials donations, budget, honors and awards, Web sites and digital collections, new publications,…

Acquisition and Exchange Section. Collection and Services Division. Papers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

International Federation of Library Associations, The Hague (Netherlands).

Papers on library acquisitions, cooperative collection development, and the international exchange of publications, which were presented at the 1983 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference, include: (1) "Acquisition of South Asian Materials for the Libraries of North America and Europe: Problems, Prospects, and…

Revolution or Revelation? Acquisitions for the Digital Library

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morris, Kathleen; Larson, Betsy

2006-01-01

Libraries are responding to customer preferences for electronic research materials through the acquisition and management of these products. Electronic resources have significantly different characteristics than print resources when it comes to technical services management. This paper addresses aspects of a corporate research library's evaluation…

Government documents and the online catalog.

PubMed

Lynch, F H; Lasater, M C

1990-01-01

Prior to planning for implementing the NOTIS system, the Vanderbilt Medical Center Library had not fully cataloged its government publications, and records for these materials were not in machine-readable format. A decision was made that patrons should need to look in only one place for all library materials, including the Health and Human Services Department publications received each year from the central library's Government Documents Unit. Beginning in 1985, these publications were added to the library's database, and the entire 7,200-piece collection is now in the online catalog. Working with these publications has taught the library much about the advantages and disadvantages of cataloging government documents in an online environment. It was found that OCLC cataloging copy is eventually available for most titles, although only about 10% of the records have MeSH headings. Staff time is the major expenditure; problems are caused by documents' irregular nature, frequent format changes, and difficult authority work. Since their addition to the online catalog, documents are used more and the library has better control.

Government documents and the online catalog.

PubMed Central

Lynch, F H; Lasater, M C

1990-01-01

Prior to planning for implementing the NOTIS system, the Vanderbilt Medical Center Library had not fully cataloged its government publications, and records for these materials were not in machine-readable format. A decision was made that patrons should need to look in only one place for all library materials, including the Health and Human Services Department publications received each year from the central library's Government Documents Unit. Beginning in 1985, these publications were added to the library's database, and the entire 7,200-piece collection is now in the online catalog. Working with these publications has taught the library much about the advantages and disadvantages of cataloging government documents in an online environment. It was found that OCLC cataloging copy is eventually available for most titles, although only about 10% of the records have MeSH headings. Staff time is the major expenditure; problems are caused by documents' irregular nature, frequent format changes, and difficult authority work. Since their addition to the online catalog, documents are used more and the library has better control. PMID:2295010

Modeling of Heat Transfer in Rooms in the Modelica "Buildings" Library

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wetter, Michael; Zuo, Wangda; Nouidui, Thierry Stephane

This paper describes the implementation of the room heat transfer model in the free open-source Modelica \\Buildings" library. The model can be used as a single room or to compose a multizone building model. We discuss how the model is decomposed into submodels for the individual heat transfer phenomena. We also discuss the main physical assumptions. The room model can be parameterized to use different modeling assumptions, leading to linear or non-linear differential algebraic systems of equations. We present numerical experiments that show how these assumptions affect computing time and accuracy for selected cases of the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 140- 2007more » envelop validation tests.« less

Library Careers Project; Funded by L.S.C.A. through the State Library of Ohio to the Cuyahoga County Public Library. Annual Report, September 1967 to August 1968.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cuyahoga County Public Library, Cleveland, OH.

A report is given of a Northeast Ohio recruitment project to develop and test methods and material for use in sparking interest in library science among college upperclassmen and graduates looking for new careers. Two of the approaches utilized are: (1) counseling of individuals attracted to library careers and (2) mass publicity via direct mail,…

LC21-Hopes and Cautions for the Library of Congress; The NSF National Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology Education Digital Library (NSDL) Program: A Progress Report; A Grammar of Dublin Core; Measuring the Impact of an Electronic Journal Collection on Library Costs: A Framework and Preliminary Observations; Emulation As a Digital Preservation Strategy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Donnell, James J.; Zia, Lee L.; Baker, Thomas; Montgomery, Carol Hansen; Granger, Stewart

2000-01-01

Includes five articles: (1) discusses Library of Congress efforts to include digital materials; (2) describes the National Science Foundation (NSF) digital library program to improve science, math, engineering, and technology education; (3) explains Dublin Core grammar; (4) measures the impact of electronic journals on library costs; and (5)…

An Experimental and Finite Element Investigation into the Nonlinear Material Behavior of Pin-Loaded Composite Laminates

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-01-01

their midsurface counterparts due to the nature of the pin deflection and resulting load transfer. Linear elastic coupon radial stresses also followed... midsurface counterparts. The effects of the nonlinear elastic material behavior were quite evident when viewing the [(0/90)3,01, coupon intralaminar...to the midsurface of the coupon. The nonlinear elastic intralaminar shear stress-strain assumption acted to increase through thickness stresses

Towards improved NDE and SHM methodologies incorporating nonlinear structural features

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chillara, Vamshi Krishna

Ultrasound is widely employed in Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) and Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) applications to detect and characterize damage/defects in materials. In particular, ultrasonic guided waves are considered a foremost candidate for in-situ monitoring applications. Conventional ultrasonic techniques rely on changes/discontinuities in linear elastic material properties, namely the Young's modulus and shear modulus to detect damage. On the other hand, nonlinear ultrasonic techniques that rely on micro-scale nonlinear material/structural behavior are proven to be sensitive to damage induced microstructural changes that precede macro-scale damage and are hence capable of early damage detection. The goal of this thesis is to investigate the capabilities of nonlinear guided waves --- a fusion of nonlinear ultrasonic techniques with the guided wave methodologies for early damage detection. To that end, the thesis focuses on two important aspects of the problem: 1. Wavemechanics - deals with ultrasonic guided wave propagation in nonlinear waveguides; 2. Micromechanics - deals with correlating ultrasonic response with micro-scale nonlinear material behavior. For the development of efficient NDE and SHM methodologies that incorporate nonlinear structural features, a detailed understanding of the above aspects is indispensable. In this thesis, the wavemechanics aspect of the problem is dealt with from both theoretical and numerical standpoints. A generalized theoretical framework is developed to study higher harmonic guided waves in plates. This was employed to study second harmonic guided waves in pipes using a large-radius asymptotic approximation. Second harmonic guided waves in plates are studied from a numerical standpoint. Theoretical predictions are validated and some key aspects of higher harmonic generation in waveguides are outlined. Finally, second harmonic guided waves in plates with inhomogeneous and localized nonlinearities are studied and some important aspects of guided wave mode selection are addressed. The other part of the work focused on developing a micromechanics based understanding of ultrasonic higher harmonic generation. Three important aspects of micro-scale material behavior, namely tension-compression asymmetry, shearnormal coupling and deformation induced asymmetry are identified and their role in ultrasonic higher harmonic generation is discussed. Tension-compression asymmetry is identified to cause second (even) harmonic generation in materials. Then, shearnormal coupling is identified to cause generation of secondary waves of different polarity than the primary waves. In addition, deformation induced anisotropy due to the presence of residual stress/strain and its contribution to ultrasonic higher harmonic generation is qualitatively discussed. Also, the tension-compression asymmetry in the material is quantified using an energy based measure. The above measure is employed to develop a homogenization based approach amenable to multi-scale analysis to correlate microstructure with ultrasonic higher harmonic generation. Finally, experimental investigations concerning third harmonic SH wave generation in plates are carried out and the effect of load and temperature changes on nonlinear ultrasonic measurements are discussed in the context of SHM. It was found that while nonlinear ultrasound is sensitive to micro-scale damage, the relative nonlinearity parameter may not always be the best measure to quantify the nonlinearity as it is subject to spurious effects from changes in environmental factors such as loads and temperature.

The Julia programming language: the future of scientific computing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gibson, John

2017-11-01

Julia is an innovative new open-source programming language for high-level, high-performance numerical computing. Julia combines the general-purpose breadth and extensibility of Python, the ease-of-use and numeric focus of Matlab, the speed of C and Fortran, and the metaprogramming power of Lisp. Julia uses type inference and just-in-time compilation to compile high-level user code to machine code on the fly. A rich set of numeric types and extensive numerical libraries are built-in. As a result, Julia is competitive with Matlab for interactive graphical exploration and with C and Fortran for high-performance computing. This talk interactively demonstrates Julia's numerical features and benchmarks Julia against C, C++, Fortran, Matlab, and Python on a spectral time-stepping algorithm for a 1d nonlinear partial differential equation. The Julia code is nearly as compact as Matlab and nearly as fast as Fortran. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1554149.

Terahertz Spectroscopy of Low-Dimensional Nanomaterials: Nonlinear Emission and Ultrafast Electrodynamics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Luo, Liang; Wang, Jigang

Nonlinear and non-equilibrium properties of low-dimensional quantum materials are fundamental in nanoscale science yet transformative in nonlinear imaging/photonic technology today. These have been poorly addressed in many nano-materials despite of their well-established equilibrium optical and transport properties. The development of ultrafast terahertz (THz) sources and nonlinear spectroscopy tools facilitates understanding these issues and reveals a wide range of novel nonlinear and quantum phenomena that are not expected in bulk solids or atoms. In this paper, we discuss our recent discoveries in two model photonic and electronic nanostructures to solve two outstanding questions: (1) how to create nonlinear broadband terahertz emittersmore » using deeply subwavelength nanoscale meta-atom resonators? (2) How to access one-dimensional (1D) dark excitons and their non-equilibrium correlated states in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWMTs)?« less

Terahertz Spectroscopy of Low-Dimensional Nanomaterials: Nonlinear Emission and Ultrafast Electrodynamics

DOE PAGES

Luo, Liang; Wang, Jigang

2016-01-01

Nonlinear and non-equilibrium properties of low-dimensional quantum materials are fundamental in nanoscale science yet transformative in nonlinear imaging/photonic technology today. These have been poorly addressed in many nano-materials despite of their well-established equilibrium optical and transport properties. The development of ultrafast terahertz (THz) sources and nonlinear spectroscopy tools facilitates understanding these issues and reveals a wide range of novel nonlinear and quantum phenomena that are not expected in bulk solids or atoms. In this paper, we discuss our recent discoveries in two model photonic and electronic nanostructures to solve two outstanding questions: (1) how to create nonlinear broadband terahertz emittersmore » using deeply subwavelength nanoscale meta-atom resonators? (2) How to access one-dimensional (1D) dark excitons and their non-equilibrium correlated states in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWMTs)?« less

Non-destructive testing techniques based on nonlinear methods for assessment of debonding in single lap joints

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scarselli, G.; Ciampa, F.; Ginzburg, D.; Meo, M.

2015-04-01

Nonlinear ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods can be used for the identification of defects within adhesive bonds as they rely on the detection of nonlinear elastic features for the evaluation of the bond strength. In this paper the nonlinear content of the structural response of a single lap joint subjected to ultrasonic harmonic excitation is both numerically and experimentally evaluated to identify and characterize the defects within the bonded region. Different metallic samples with the same geometry were experimentally tested in order to characterize the debonding between two plates by using two surface bonded piezoelectric transducers in pitch-catch mode. The dynamic response of the damaged samples acquired by the single receiver sensor showed the presence of higher harmonics (2nd and 3rd) and subharmonics of the fundamental frequencies. These nonlinear elastic phenomena are clearly due to nonlinear effects induced by the poor adhesion between the two plates. A new constitutive model aimed at representing the nonlinear material response generated by the interaction of the ultrasonic waves with the adhesive joint is also presented. Such a model is implemented in an explicit FE software and uses a nonlinear user defined traction-displacement relationship implemented by means of a cohesive material user model interface. The developed model is verified for the different geometrical and material configurations. Good agreement between the experimental and numerical nonlinear response showed that this model can be used as a simple and useful tool for understanding the quality of the adhesive joint.

Characterization of Infrastructure Materials using Nonlinear Ultrasonics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Minghe

In order to improve the safety, reliability, cost, and performance of civil and mechanical structures/components, it is necessary to develop techniques that are capable of characterizing and quantifying the amount of distributed damage in engineering materials before any detectable discontinuities (cracks, delaminations, voids, etc.) appear. In this dissertation, novel nonlinear ultrasonic NDE methods are developed and applied to characterize cumulative damage such as fatigue damage in metallic materials and degradation of cement-based materials due to chemical reactions. First, nonlinear Rayleigh surface waves are used to measure the near-surface residual stresses in shot-peened aluminum alloy (AA 7075) samples. Results show that the nonlinear Rayleigh wave is very sensitive to near-surface residual stresses, and has the potential to quantitatively detect them. Second, a novel two-wave mixing method is theoretically developed and numerically verified. This method is then successfully applied to detect the fatigue damage in aluminum alloy (AA 6061) samples subjected to monotonic compression. In addition to its high sensitivity to fatigue damage, this collinear wave mixing method allows the measurement over a specific region of interest in the specimen, and this capability makes it possible to obtain spatial distribution of fatigue damage through the thickness direction of the sample by simply timing the transducers. Third, the nonlinear wave mixing method is used to characterize the degradation of cement-based materials caused by alkali-silica reaction (ASR). It is found that the nonlinear ultrasonic method is sensitive to detect ASR damage at very early stage, and has the potential to identify the different damage stages. Finally, a micromechanics-based chemo-mechanical model is developed which relates the acoustic nonlinearity parameter to ASR damage. This model provides a way to quantitatively predict the changes in the acoustic nonlinearity parameter due to ASR damage, which can be used to guide experimental measurements for nondestructive evaluation of ASR damage.

Multicultural Education: An Action Plan for School Library Media Specialists.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Skeele, Rosemary W.; Schall, Patricia L.

1994-01-01

Offers a definition of and a rationale for multicultural education based on changing demographics and suggests ways for school library media specialists to bring a multicultural perspective to collection development, evaluation of multicultural materials, library services, curriculum integration, and curriculum activities. (Contains 21…

Computerized Online Bibliographic Searching. SPEC Kit #154.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hocker, Susan

For this kit, 106 Association of Research Libraries (ARL) academic libraries were surveyed concerning: (1) current administration/organization; (2) evaluation; (3) patron relations; (4) services; and (5) the impact of online searching on collections. Responses were received from 83 libraries, many of which contributed sample materials. Analyses of…

Guide to Library Research in Chicano Studies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guerena, Salvador; Gonzalez, Raquel Quiroz

Designed to acquaint persons conducting library research in Chicano Studies with the reference materials found in the University Library at the University of California-Santa Barbara, the manual provides information on the Coleccion Tloque Nahuaque, relevant subject headings, and a useful search strategy. Resources, staff, assigned reading…

LSCA Builds Michigan Libraries.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Michigan Library, Lansing.

This report highlights 19 of the 48 recently completed public library construction projects in Michigan which received partial funding from the 1983 Emergency Jobs Act. The grants were administered under Title II of the Library Services and Construction Act (LSCA). Introductory material includes listings of the State of Michigan Legislative…

The Library of Congress Information Bulletin, 2002.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lamolinara, Guy, Ed.; Dalrymple, Helen, Ed.

2002-01-01

These 10 issues, representing one calendar year, including two double issues (2002) of "The Library of Congress Information Bulletin," contain information on Library of Congress new collections and program developments, lectures and readings, financial support and materials donations, budget, honors and awards, World Wide Web sites and…

Freebies for the Library Web.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perez, Ernest

2000-01-01

Illustrates the possibilities of freely or inexpensively connecting a library to the Internet. Discusses the advertising-supported approach; local resources for free or budget Internet resources; public access catalogs; examples of free Web materials and of libraries that have achieved a low-budget Web presence; building an effective planning…

Access and Ownership in the Academic Environment: One Library's Progress Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brin, Beth; Cochran, Elissa

1994-01-01

Describes the methodology used at the University of Arizona Library to address the issue of access versus ownership of library materials. Topics discussed include participatory management; data collection, including focus groups, interlibrary loan statistics, and graduate research citation analysis; and resulting recommendations, including…

Volunteer Recording Program Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arizona Braille and Talking Book Library, Phoenix.

This manual for volunteers begins with a brief introduction to Arizona's Library for the Blind and Physically Handicapped, which is one of 56 libraries appointed by the Librarian of Congress to provide public library service to persons with visual or physical impairments. Introductory materials include explanations of the general policies and…

National Survey on Library Security.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burns Security Inst., Briarcliff Manor, NY.

As educational and cultural centers, public libraries are in the mainstream of American life. Persistent library crime, such as pilferage, theft and vandalism, represents much more than financial loss. It deprives the public of access to irreplaceable books, rare manuscripts and other reference materials. Equally important, it inflicts hardships…

Georgia Public Library Statistics, 1975.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Georgia State Dept of Education, Atlanta. Div. of Public Library Services.

Statistical data on Georgia public libraries are provided in tables covering regional and large county library systems, audiovisual materials, audiovisual expenditures, analysis of federal funds received, and Title II construction. Data on the services of the state agency are given for technical services, reader services, large group loans, state…

Conservation Section. Management and Technology Division. Papers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

International Federation of Library Associations, The Hague (Netherlands).

Papers on the conservation of library materials and the training of conservators and restorers which were presented at the 1982 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference include: (1) "Conservation Training in Schools of Library and Information Science and as Continuing Education in the United States," an overview…

An Invitation to the ALA Archives.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beckel, Deborah; Brichford, Maynard

1984-01-01

Description of materials found in American Library Association Archives located at University of Illinois highlights 1905 letter defending Melvil Dewey, the 1900 Saguenay River Trip, children's librarians, library education, 1926 visit to President Coolidge by foreign librarians, and the American Library in Mexico. Notes on using the archives are…

Library Design Analysis Using Post-Occupancy Evaluation Methods.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

James, Dennis C.; Stewart, Sharon L.

1995-01-01

Presents findings of a user-based study of the interior of Rodger's Science and Engineering Library at the University of Alabama. Compared facility evaluations from faculty, library staff, and graduate and undergraduate students. Features evaluated include: acoustics, aesthetics, book stacks, design, finishes/materials, furniture, lighting,…

On the Modeling of Shells in Multibody Dynamics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bauchau, Olivier A.; Choi, Jou-Young; Bottasso, Carlo L.

2000-01-01

Energy preserving/decaying schemes are presented for the simulation of the nonlinear multibody systems involving shell components. The proposed schemes are designed to meet four specific requirements: unconditional nonlinear stability of the scheme, a rigorous treatment of both geometric and material nonlinearities, exact satisfaction of the constraints, and the presence of high frequency numerical dissipation. The kinematic nonlinearities associated with arbitrarily large displacements and rotations of shells are treated in a rigorous manner, and the material nonlinearities can be handled when the, constitutive laws stem from the existence of a strain energy density function. The efficiency and robustness of the proposed approach is illustrated with specific numerical examples that also demonstrate the need for integration schemes possessing high frequency numerical dissipation.

Multifunctional Materials Held in Boston, Massachusetts on November 29- December 1 1989. Materials Research Proceedings. Volume 175

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-02-01

MULTIFUNCTIONAL MATERIALS *MULTIFUNCTIONAL MOLECULAR AND POLYMERIC MATERIALS FOR NONLINEAR OPTICS AND PHOTONICS 79 Paras N. Prasad ENHANCEMENT OF...in solution 121. Only the ortho photo-Fries product can be formed for the polymer as well as for 5 since the para positions in both cases are blocked...fhII11111 Itf 111111111ll1111111II 111 111 , 9 MULTIFUNCTIONAL MOLECULAR AND POLYMERIC MATERIALS FOR NONLINEAR OPTICS AND PHOTONICS PARAS N. PRASAD

Second-harmonic generation from a positive-negative index material heterostructure.

PubMed

Mattiucci, Nadia; D'Aguanno, Giuseppe; Bloemer, Mark J; Scalora, Michael

2005-12-01

Resonant cavities have been widely used in the past to enhance material, nonlinear response. Traditional mirrors include metallic films and distributed Bragg reflectors. In this paper we propose negative index material mirrors as a third alternative. With the help of a rigorous Green function approach, we investigate second harmonic generation from single and coupled cavities, and theoretically prove that negative index material mirrors can raise the nonlinear conversion efficiency of a bulk material by at least four orders of magnitude compared to a bulk medium.

Finite difference time domain calculation of transients in antennas with nonlinear loads

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Luebbers, Raymond J.; Beggs, John H.; Kunz, Karl S.; Chamberlin, Kent

1991-01-01

Determining transient electromagnetic fields in antennas with nonlinear loads is a challenging problem. Typical methods used involve calculating frequency domain parameters at a large number of different frequencies, then applying Fourier transform methods plus nonlinear equation solution techniques. If the antenna is simple enough so that the open circuit time domain voltage can be determined independently of the effects of the nonlinear load on the antennas current, time stepping methods can be applied in a straightforward way. Here, transient fields for antennas with more general geometries are calculated directly using Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) methods. In each FDTD cell which contains a nonlinear load, a nonlinear equation is solved at each time step. As a test case, the transient current in a long dipole antenna with a nonlinear load excited by a pulsed plane wave is computed using this approach. The results agree well with both calculated and measured results previously published. The approach given here extends the applicability of the FDTD method to problems involving scattering from targets, including nonlinear loads and materials, and to coupling between antennas containing nonlinear loads. It may also be extended to propagation through nonlinear materials.

Harlan County Public Library, Final Performance Report for Library Services and Construction Act (LSCA) Title VI, Library Literacy Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Warren, Carol E.

The Harlan County Public Library Literacy Project (Kentucky) provided rural-oriented, basic literacy, and oral history programs to a community of 100,000-200,000. The goal of the project was to produce six booklets about local people and issues, to be used as literacy materials in programs with Appalachian students. Students wanted to produce…

Library Resources for the Blind and Physically Handicapped. A Directory with FY 1989 Statistics on Readership, Circulation, Budget, Staff, and Collections.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Library of Congress, Washington, DC. National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped.

A free national library service providing recorded and braille materials is administrated by the National Library Service (NLS) for the Blind and Physically Handicapped in the Library of Congress. With the cooperation of authors and publishers who grant permission to use copyrighted books, NLS selects and produces full-length books and magazines…

Library Resources for the Blind and Physically Handicapped. A Directory with FY 1990 Statistics on Readership, Circulation, Budget, Staff, and Collections.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Library of Congress, Washington, DC. National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped.

A free national library service providing recorded and braille materials is administrated by the National Library Service (NLS) for the Blind and Physically Handicapped in the Library of Congress. With the cooperation of authors and publishers who grant permission to use copyrighted books, NLS selects and produces full-length books and magazines…

Library Resources for the Blind and Physically Handicapped. A Directory with FY 1988 Statistics on Readership, Circulation, Budget, Staff, and Collections.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Library of Congress, Washington, DC. National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped.

A free national library service providing recorded and braille materials is administered by the National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped in the Library of Congress (NLS). With the cooperation of authors and publishers who grant permission to use copyrighted books, NLS selects and produces full-length books and magazines in…

A Study on Developing Evaluation Criteria for Electronic Resources in Evaluation Indicators of Libraries

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Noh, Younghee

2010-01-01

This study aimed to improve the current state of electronic resource evaluation in libraries. While the use of Web DB, e-book, e-journal, and other e-resources such as CD-ROM, DVD, and micro materials is increasing in libraries, their use is not comprehensively factored into the general evaluation of libraries and may diminish the reliability of…

Design for Progress. A Report of the Workshop in School Library Quarters and Equipment, July 9 to 20, 1962.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Strohecker, Edwin C., Ed.

Significant ideas brought out in the workshop include--(1) that the library is a necessary part of the whole relational structure in education, and (2) that changes in educational programs and methods call for new library planning standards; a library should be able to provide science facilities, audiovisual materials, and a variety of group-work…

A Prototype System for a Computer-Based Statewide Film Library Network: A Model for Operation. Statewide Film Library Network: System-1 Specifications - Files.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sullivan, Todd

Using an IBM System/360 Model 50 computer, the New York Statewide Film Library Network schedules film use, reports on materials handling and statistics, and provides for interlibrary loan of films. Communications between the film libraries and the computer are maintained by Teletype model 33 ASR Teletypewriter terminals operating on TWX…

Ultrafast Plasmonic Control of Second Harmonic Generation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Davidson, Roderick B.; Yanchenko, Anna; Ziegler, Jed I.

Efficient frequency conversion techniques are crucial to the development of plasmonic metasurfaces for information processing and signal modulation. In principle, nanoscale electric-field confinement in nonlinear materials enables higher harmonic conversion efficiencies per unit volume than those attainable in bulk materials. Here we demonstrate efficient second-harmonic generation (SHG) in a serrated nanogap plasmonic geometry that generates steep electric field gradients on a dielectric metasurface. An ultrafast control pulse is used to control plasmon-induced electric fields in a thin-film material with inversion symmetry that, without plasmonic enhancement, does not exhibit an even-order nonlinear optical response. The temporal evolution of the plasmonic near-fieldmore » is characterized with ~100 as resolution using a novel nonlinear interferometric technique. The serrated nanogap is a unique platform in which to investigate optically controlled, plasmonically enhanced harmonic generation in dielectric materials on an ultrafast time scale. Lastly, this metamaterial geometry can also be readily extended to all-optical control of other nonlinear phenomena, such as four-wave mixing and sum- and difference-frequency generation, in a wide variety of dielectric materials.« less

Ultrafast Plasmonic Control of Second Harmonic Generation

DOE PAGES

Davidson, Roderick B.; Yanchenko, Anna; Ziegler, Jed I.; ...

2016-06-01

Efficient frequency conversion techniques are crucial to the development of plasmonic metasurfaces for information processing and signal modulation. In principle, nanoscale electric-field confinement in nonlinear materials enables higher harmonic conversion efficiencies per unit volume than those attainable in bulk materials. Here we demonstrate efficient second-harmonic generation (SHG) in a serrated nanogap plasmonic geometry that generates steep electric field gradients on a dielectric metasurface. An ultrafast control pulse is used to control plasmon-induced electric fields in a thin-film material with inversion symmetry that, without plasmonic enhancement, does not exhibit an even-order nonlinear optical response. The temporal evolution of the plasmonic near-fieldmore » is characterized with ~100 as resolution using a novel nonlinear interferometric technique. The serrated nanogap is a unique platform in which to investigate optically controlled, plasmonically enhanced harmonic generation in dielectric materials on an ultrafast time scale. Lastly, this metamaterial geometry can also be readily extended to all-optical control of other nonlinear phenomena, such as four-wave mixing and sum- and difference-frequency generation, in a wide variety of dielectric materials.« less

A study of library use in problem-based and traditional medical curricula.

PubMed

Marshall, J G; Fitzgerald, D; Busby, L; Heaton, G

1993-07-01

A key question for librarians and medical educators who are planning for curriculum change is whether students and faculty in problem-based learning (PBL) programs use the library and its resources differently than do participants in traditional programs. During 1991, this research question was explored at three medical schools in the province of Ontario, Canada. At the time of the study, McMaster University medical school was totally problem-based, the University of Western Ontario had one PBL day each week for first-year medical students, and the University of Toronto, although planning for medical curriculum change, had not yet initiated PBL. Data collected in the study suggest that more medical students in the problem-based curriculum than in the more traditional programs use the library and that, when the PBL students use the library, they do so more frequently, for longer periods of time, and as a source of a greater proportion of their study materials. PBL students also use the library more than their counterparts as a place to study and meet other students. Students in the problem-based curriculum use the following resources more extensively: end-user MEDLINE searching, library journals, reserve or short-term loan materials, photocopy services, and audiovisual materials. PBL students also report purchasing more textbooks. In contrast to the differences found among medical students, however, patterns of library and resource use by medical faculty at the three schools were quite similar.

Second order harmonic guided wave mutual interactions in plate: Vector analysis, numerical simulation, and experimental results

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hasanian, Mostafa; Lissenden, Cliff J.

2017-08-01

The extraordinary sensitivity of nonlinear ultrasonic waves to the early stages of material degradation makes them excellent candidates for nondestructive material characterization. However, distinguishing weak material nonlinearity from instrumentation nonlinearity remains problematic for second harmonic generation approaches. A solution to this problem is to mix waves having different frequencies and to let their mutual interaction generate sum and difference harmonics at frequencies far from those of the instrumentation. Mixing of bulk waves and surface waves has been researched for some time, but mixing of guided waves has not yet been investigated in depth. A unique aspect of guided waves is their dispersive nature, which means we need to assure that a wave can propagate at the sum or difference frequency. A wave vector analysis is conducted that enables selection of primary waves traveling in any direction that generate phase matched secondary waves. We have tabulated many sets of primary waves and phase matched sum and difference harmonics. An example wave mode triplet of two counter-propagating collinear shear horizontal waves that interact to generate a symmetric Lamb wave at the sum frequency is simulated using finite element analysis and then laboratory experiments are conducted. The finite element simulation eliminates issues associated with instrumentation nonlinearities and signal-to-noise ratio. A straightforward subtraction method is used in the experiments to identify the material nonlinearity induced mutual interaction and show that the generated Lamb wave propagates on its own and is large enough to measure. Since the Lamb wave has different polarity than the shear horizontal waves the material nonlinearity is clearly identifiable. Thus, the mutual interactions of shear horizontal waves in plates could enable volumetric characterization of material in remote regions from transducers mounted on just one side of the plate.

Nonlinear Eulerian Thermoelasticity for Anisotropic Crystals

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-08-01

the applied pressure. However, some crystalline materials such as ceramics and hard minerals may retain significant shear strength at finite strain...which elastic properties have been measured. Benefits of using Eulerian strain measures for nonlinear elasticity of isotropic materials were extolled by...highly symmetric anharmonic properties . Deviations may be expected for highly anisotropic materials , as shown in Section 4. This work is focused

Prediction and Characterization of NaGaS2, A High Thermal Conductivity Mid-Infrared Nonlinear Optical Material for High-Power Laser Frequency Conversion.

PubMed

Hou, Dianwei; Nissimagoudar, Arun S; Bian, Qiang; Wu, Kui; Pan, Shilie; Li, Wu; Yang, Zhihua

2018-06-15

Infrared nonlinear optical (IR NLO) crystals are the major materials to widen the output range of solid-state lasers to mid- or far-infrared regions. The IR NLO crystals used in the middle IR region are still inadequate for high-power laser applications because of deleterious thermal effects (lensing and expansion), low laser-induced damage threshold, and two-photon absorption. Herein, the unbiased global minimum search method was used for the first time to search for IR NLO optical materials and ultimately found a new IR NLO material NaGaS 2 . It meets the stringent demands for IR NLO materials pumped by high-power laser with the highest thermal conductivity among common IR NLO materials able to avoid two-photon absorption, a classic nonlinear coefficient, and wide infrared transparency.

Cubical Mass-Spring Model design based on a tensile deformation test and nonlinear material model.

PubMed

San-Vicente, Gaizka; Aguinaga, Iker; Tomás Celigüeta, Juan

2012-02-01

Mass-Spring Models (MSMs) are used to simulate the mechanical behavior of deformable bodies such as soft tissues in medical applications. Although they are fast to compute, they lack accuracy and their design remains still a great challenge. The major difficulties in building realistic MSMs lie on the spring stiffness estimation and the topology identification. In this work, the mechanical behavior of MSMs under tensile loads is analyzed before studying the spring stiffness estimation. In particular, the performed qualitative and quantitative analysis of the behavior of cubical MSMs shows that they have a nonlinear response similar to hyperelastic material models. According to this behavior, a new method for spring stiffness estimation valid for linear and nonlinear material models is proposed. This method adjusts the stress-strain and compressibility curves to a given reference behavior. The accuracy of the MSMs designed with this method is tested taking as reference some soft-tissue simulations based on nonlinear Finite Element Method (FEM). The obtained results show that MSMs can be designed to realistically model the behavior of hyperelastic materials such as soft tissues and can become an interesting alternative to other approaches such as nonlinear FEM.

Sensitivity of acoustic nonlinearity parameter to the microstructural changes in cement-based materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Gun; Kim, Jin-Yeon; Kurtis, Kimberly E.; Jacobs, Laurence J.

2015-03-01

This research experimentally investigates the sensitivity of the acoustic nonlinearity parameter to microcracks in cement-based materials. Based on the second harmonic generation (SHG) technique, an experimental setup using non-contact, air-coupled detection is used to receive the consistent Rayleigh surface waves. To induce variations in the extent of microscale cracking in two types of specimens (concrete and mortar), shrinkage reducing admixture (SRA), is used in one set, while a companion specimen is prepared without SRA. A 50 kHz wedge transducer and a 100 kHz air-coupled transducer are implemented for the generation and detection of nonlinear Rayleigh waves. It is shown that the air-coupled detection method provides more repeatable fundamental and second harmonic amplitudes of the propagating Rayleigh waves. The obtained amplitudes are then used to calculate the relative nonlinearity parameter βre, the ratio of the second harmonic amplitude to the square of the fundamental amplitude. The experimental results clearly demonstrate that the nonlinearity parameter (βre) is highly sensitive to the microstructural changes in cement-based materials than the Rayleigh phase velocity and attenuation and that SRA has great potential to avoid shrinkage cracking in cement-based materials.

A general one-dimension nonlinear magneto-elastic coupled constitutive model for magnetostrictive materials

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang, Da-Guang; Li, Meng-Han; Zhou, Hao-Miao, E-mail: zhouhm@cjlu.edu.cn

2015-10-15

For magnetostrictive rods under combined axial pre-stress and magnetic field, a general one-dimension nonlinear magneto-elastic coupled constitutive model was built in this paper. First, the elastic Gibbs free energy was expanded into polynomial, and the relationship between stress and strain and the relationship between magnetization and magnetic field with the polynomial form were obtained with the help of thermodynamic relations. Then according to microscopic magneto-elastic coupling mechanism and some physical facts of magnetostrictive materials, a nonlinear magneto-elastic constitutive with concise form was obtained when the relations of nonlinear strain and magnetization in the polynomial constitutive were instead with transcendental functions.more » The comparisons between the prediction and the experimental data of different magnetostrictive materials, such as Terfenol-D, Metglas and Ni showed that the predicted magnetostrictive strain and magnetization curves were consistent with experimental results under different pre-stresses whether in the region of low and moderate field or high field. Moreover, the model can fully reflect the nonlinear magneto-mechanical coupling characteristics between magnetic, magnetostriction and elasticity, and it can effectively predict the changes of material parameters with pre-stress and bias field, which is useful in practical applications.« less

Coupling nonlinear optical waves to photoreactive and phase-separating soft matter: Current status and perspectives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Biria, Saeid; Morim, Derek R.; An Tsao, Fu; Saravanamuttu, Kalaichelvi; Hosein, Ian D.

2017-10-01

Nonlinear optics and polymer systems are distinct fields that have been studied for decades. These two fields intersect with the observation of nonlinear wave propagation in photoreactive polymer systems. This has led to studies on the nonlinear dynamics of transmitted light in polymer media, particularly for optical self-trapping and optical modulation instability. The irreversibility of polymerization leads to permanent capture of nonlinear optical patterns in the polymer structure, which is a new synthetic route to complex structured soft materials. Over time more intricate polymer systems are employed, whereby nonlinear optical dynamics can couple to nonlinear chemical dynamics, opening opportunities for self-organization. This paper discusses the work to date on nonlinear optical pattern formation processes in polymers. A brief overview of nonlinear optical phenomenon is provided to set the stage for understanding their effects. We review the accomplishments of the field on studying nonlinear waveform propagation in photopolymerizable systems, then discuss our most recent progress in coupling nonlinear optical pattern formation to polymer blends and phase separation. To this end, perspectives on future directions and areas of sustained inquiry are provided. This review highlights the significant opportunity in exploiting nonlinear optical pattern formation in soft matter for the discovery of new light-directed and light-stimulated materials phenomenon, and in turn, soft matter provides a platform by which new nonlinear optical phenomenon may be discovered.

Evaluation of Project Outreach (YO-MA-CO-CO) Public Library of Youngstown and Mahoning County.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rogers, A. Robert

The goals of Project Outreach were: to place library materials in agencies throughout the county; to offer film programs, filmstrip presentations, and talks; to continue cooperative ventures in the use of braille and talking books; to continue to utilize tape cassettes; to provide materials to handicapped persons; to make available large print…

What's Your Money Worth? Materials Budgets and the Selection and Evaluation of Book and Serial Vendors.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barker, Joseph W.

1992-01-01

Discusses budgets for library materials and how to select and evaluate book and serial vendors. Trends in automation, publishing, and economics that affect both libraries and vendors are discussed; and examples from the University of California at Berkeley that include serials service charges and approval plan discounts are presented. (six…

Principles for the Preservation and Conservation of Library Materials. IFLA Professional Reports, No. 8.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dureau, J. M.; Clements, D. W. G.

This statement of principles embodies a general approach to the nature and objectives of preservation and conservation work relating to library materials. It does not aim to provide a comprehensive list of detailed methods and practices, but is intended to establish a responsible attitude toward preservation and conservation by librarians. The…

Learning Materials and Services at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

North Carolina Univ., Charlotte. J. Murrey Atkins Library.

The Media Committee of the Atkins Library of the University of North Carolina performed a 3-month study to review the library's existing policies on media resources and services and to make recommendations for improvement and expansion. As a result, the integration of all learning materials and services at the university was proposed, with the…

Circulation of Newly-Acquired Materials at the Juniata College Library.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eyman, David H.

Using circulation data to determine whether materials specifically acquired for the circulation collections of libraries at undergraduate institutions show heavy use, this study examined the first 3 years of shelf life of one year's book acquisitions at a small liberal arts college. Contrary to expectations of a high rate of use for newly acquired…

100 Colleges Sign Up with Google to Speed Access to Library Resources

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Young, Jeffrey R.

2005-01-01

More than 100 colleges and universities have arranged to give people using the Google Scholar search engine on their campuses more-direct access to library materials. Google Scholar is a free tool that searches scholarly materials on the Web and in academic databases. The new arrangements essentially let Google know which online databases the…

How to Find Out in: Food Science.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maine Univ., Orono. Raymond H. Fogler Library.

This library handbook is a guide for the student of food science. It lists some of the more useful materials and reference books basic to general research and gives their location in the Fogler Library at the University of Maine. Materials are listed in six categories: (1) dictionaries and encyclopedias, (2) U.S. and international documents, (3)…

Nonlinear air-coupled emission: The signature to reveal and image microdamage in solid materials

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Solodov, Igor; Busse, Gerd

2007-12-17

It is shown that low-frequency elastic vibrations of near-surface planar defects cause high-frequency ultrasonic radiation in surrounding air. The frequency conversion mechanism is concerned with contact nonlinearity of the defect vibrations and provides efficient generation of air-coupled higher-order ultraharmonics, ultrasubharmonics, and combination frequencies. The nonlinear air-coupled ultrasonic emission is applied for location and high-resolution imaging of damage-induced defects in a variety of solid materials.

Public Library Use of Free E-Resources

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hill, Heather; Bossaller, Jenny

2013-01-01

This article describes a multi-method research project examining the use of various freely available online collections and projects, such as Project Gutenberg, the Internet Archive, and Creative Commons-licensed ebooks, by public libraries. This research begins with the questions: what are libraries doing with freely available materials? Are…

Library Instruction Clearinghouses: Depositories and Publications, 1980.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Huston-Miyamoto, Mary, Comp.

This listing of clearinghouses, directories, newsletters, and journal columns presents information on library instruction resources based on responses to a mail survey conducted in the spring of 1980. A clearinghouse is defined as a center which collects library instructional materials for loan and/or on-site inspection. Seventeen clearinghouses…

Guide to Library Research in Chicano Studies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guerena, Salvador; Gonzales, Raquel Quiroz

Designed to acquaint persons conducting library research in Chicano Studies with the numerous reference materials found in the University Library at the University of California-Santa Barbara, the manual provides information on the Coleccion Tloque Nahuaque, relevant subject headings, and a useful search strategy. The Coleccion Tloque Nahuaque,…

Satisfying the Needs of the Serious Reader.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hopkins, Richard

1987-01-01

An examination of how well the Canadian public library is meeting the needs of the serious reader interested in self education, as compared to new and secondhand book stores and academic libraries, found that the public library is the most important and effective agency in providing materials for this group. (CLB)

Preservation Building Survey Form for Freestanding Library Unit.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Huff, Susan M.

A modification of a University of Michigan form, this survey form is designed to obtain information on a freestanding library unit for preservation. The questionnaire covers the following areas: (1) library facility construction--e.g., primary building materials, characteristics of the foundation and roof, recent problems; (2) heating and cooling…

Reference Materials and Services for a Small Hospital Library. 5th Revised Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kesti, Julie, Comp.; Graham, Elaine, Comp.

This manual suggests and describes recommended reference services and sources for a small hospital library. Focusing on reference services, the first section includes information on ready-reference services; bibliographic search services, including taking and processing a request for a bibliography, National Library of Medicine literature…

A Library Based Apprenticeship in Psychology Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ross, Linda; Carter, Elizabeth W.

A collaboration to develop materials that will foster critical thinking and communication skills through library-based research is described and presented. Library activities were designed to promote the use of cognitive skills, such as analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. This was a pilot study designed to expose undergraduate students to one…

36 CFR 702.10 - Protection of property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Protection of property. 702.10 Section 702.10 Parks, Forests, and Public Property LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CONDUCT ON LIBRARY PREMISES..., tear, or destroy library materials, or any portion thereof, shall be punished by a fine of not more...

36 CFR 702.10 - Protection of property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Protection of property. 702.10 Section 702.10 Parks, Forests, and Public Property LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CONDUCT ON LIBRARY PREMISES..., tear, or destroy library materials, or any portion thereof, shall be punished by a fine of not more...

36 CFR 702.10 - Protection of property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Protection of property. 702.10 Section 702.10 Parks, Forests, and Public Property LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CONDUCT ON LIBRARY PREMISES..., tear, or destroy library materials, or any portion thereof, shall be punished by a fine of not more...

36 CFR 702.10 - Protection of property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Protection of property. 702.10 Section 702.10 Parks, Forests, and Public Property LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CONDUCT ON LIBRARY PREMISES..., tear, or destroy library materials, or any portion thereof, shall be punished by a fine of not more...

Manual for Librarians in Small Hospitals. Sixth Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Graham, Elaine, Ed.; Kesti, Julie, Ed.

This manual is designed to aid the inexperienced person assigned to a hospital library and given the responsibility of ordering library materials, organizing the collection, borrowing from other libraries, and seeking information. Following a brief introduction, the manual is divided into 10 chapters: (1) Organization and Administration of the…

Procedures of Operation at Cranbrook Central Library.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cranbrook Institutions, Bloomfield Hills, MI. Central Library.

This manual outlines the ordering, cataloging and classification, and processing procedures for books, periodicals, government documents, and non-book materials for a central library serving three schools--a co-ed elementary school and separate junior-senior high schools for boys and girls--and four special libraries--a fine and rare books…

Literacy Is VITAL. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gillfillan, Nancy M.

Via an LSCA (Library Services and Construction Act) Title VI Library Literacy grant for fiscal year 1986, the Dixon (Illinois) Public Library expanded its involvement in the literacy effort. Additional rooms were made available for tutoring, materials and equipment for literacy students and books and equipment for literacy tutors were provided,…

Library Buildings 2009: The Constant Library

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fox, Bette-Lee

2009-01-01

Can it be only two years, as Alan Jay Lerner once wrote, "since the whole [economic] rigmarole began"? Yet libraries have weathered to varying degrees the unreliability of funding, especially with regard to programming, materials, and hours. Money earmarked years ago is seeing construction through to conclusion; state support has helped out in…

Basic Components of a Public Library Collection Development Policy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maryland Library Association, Baltimore.

This booklet outlines the components of public library collection development policies and presents a set of materials which address the civil issues surrounding the freedom of public libraries to maintain uncensored collections. An introduction which defines the function of collection development policies is followed by an outline of the basic…

Connecting Libraries and Schools with CLASP.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Del Vecchio, Stephen

1993-01-01

Describes the Dewitt Wallace-Reader's Digest Connecting Libraries and Schools Project (CLASP) of the New York Public Library, a cooperative pilot project to encourage reading among children and youth. Sample projects described include summer reading lists, open school night outreach, and outreach to parents. The importance of materials support is…

A Resource Guide for Teachers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Texas State Library, Austin. Div. for the Blind and Physically Handicapped.

The Texas State Library provides services to persons unable to read standard print due to blindness or other visual impairments, including a wide range of large print materials, braille, and recordings. The library also coordinates a reading machine program incorporating 70 sites in public and academic libraries and provides classrooms with books,…