40 CFR Appendix B to Part 355 - The List of Extremely Hazardous Substances and Their Threshold Planning Quantities

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Trifluoride Compound With Methyl Ether (1:1) 1,000 1,000 359-06-8 Fluoroacetyl Chloride b 10 10 371-62-0... Phenylhydrazine Hydrochloride 1,000 1,000/10,000 60-34-4 Methyl Hydrazine 10 500 60-41-3 Strychnine sulfate 10 100... 10 10/10,000 65-30-5 Nicotine sulfate 100 100/10,000 66-81-9 Cycloheximide 100 100/10,000 67-66-3...

40 CFR Appendix B to Part 355 - The List of Extremely Hazardous Substances and Their Threshold Planning Quantities

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Trifluoride Compound With Methyl Ether (1:1) 1,000 1,000 359-06-8 Fluoroacetyl Chloride b 10 10 371-62-0... Phenylhydrazine Hydrochloride 1,000 1,000/10,000 60-34-4 Methyl Hydrazine 10 500 60-41-3 Strychnine sulfate 10 100... 10 10/10,000 65-30-5 Nicotine sulfate 100 100/10,000 66-81-9 Cycloheximide 100 100/10,000 67-66-3...

Regional rainfall thresholds for landslide occurrence using a centenary database

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vaz, Teresa; Luís Zêzere, José; Pereira, Susana; Cruz Oliveira, Sérgio; Quaresma, Ivânia

2017-04-01

Rainfall is one of the most important triggering factors for landslides occurrence worldwide. The relation between rainfall and landslide occurrence is complex and some approaches have been focus on the rainfall thresholds identification, i.e., rainfall critical values that when exceeded can initiate landslide activity. In line with these approaches, this work proposes and validates rainfall thresholds for the Lisbon region (Portugal), using a centenary landslide database associated with a centenary daily rainfall database. The main objectives of the work are the following: i) to compute antecedent rainfall thresholds using linear and potential regression; ii) to define lower limit and upper limit rainfall thresholds; iii) to estimate the probability of critical rainfall conditions associated with landslide events; and iv) to assess the thresholds performance using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) metrics. In this study we consider the DISASTER database, which lists landslides that caused fatalities, injuries, missing people, evacuated and homeless people occurred in Portugal from 1865 to 2010. The DISASTER database was carried out exploring several Portuguese daily and weekly newspapers. Using the same newspaper sources, the DISASTER database was recently updated to include also the landslides that did not caused any human damage, which were also considered for this study. The daily rainfall data were collected at the Lisboa-Geofísico meteorological station. This station was selected considering the quality and completeness of the rainfall data, with records that started in 1864. The methodology adopted included the computation, for each landslide event, of the cumulative antecedent rainfall for different durations (1 to 90 consecutive days). In a second step, for each combination of rainfall quantity-duration, the return period was estimated using the Gumbel probability distribution. The pair (quantity-duration) with the highest return period was considered as the critical rainfall combination responsible for triggering the landslide event. Only events whose critical rainfall combinations have a return period above 3 years were included. This criterion reduces the likelihood of been included events whose triggering factor was other than rainfall. The rainfall quantity-duration threshold for the Lisbon region was firstly defined using the linear and potential regression. Considering that this threshold allow the existence of false negatives (i.e. events below the threshold) it was also identified the lower limit and upper limit rainfall thresholds. These limits were defined empirically by establishing the quantity-durations combinations bellow which no landslides were recorded (lower limit) and the quantity-durations combinations above which only landslides were recorded without any false positive occurrence (upper limit). The zone between the lower limit and upper limit rainfall thresholds was analysed using a probabilistic approach, defining the uncertainties of each rainfall critical conditions in the triggering of landslides. Finally, the performances of the thresholds obtained in this study were assessed using ROC metrics. This work was supported by the project FORLAND - Hydrogeomorphologic risk in Portugal: driving forces and application for land use planning [grant number PTDC/ATPGEO/1660/2014] funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), Portugal. Sérgio Cruz Oliveira is a post-doc fellow of the FCT [grant number SFRH/BPD/85827/2012].

Calculation of Hazard Category 2/3 Threshold Quantities Using Contemporary Dosimetric Data

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Walker, William C.

The purpose of this report is to describe the methodology and selection of input data utilized to calculate updated Hazard Category 2 and Hazard Category 3 Threshold Quantities (TQs) using contemporary dosimetric information. The calculation of the updated TQs will be considered for use in the revision to the Department of Energy (DOE) Technical Standard (STD-) 1027-92 Change Notice (CN)-1, “Hazard Categorization and Accident Analysis Techniques for Compliance with DOE Order 5480.23, Nuclear Safety Analysis Reports.” The updated TQs documented in this report complement an effort previously undertaken by the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), which in 2014 issued revisedmore » Supplemental Guidance documenting the calculation of updated TQs for approximately 100 radionuclides listed in DOE-STD-1027-92, CN-1. The calculations documented in this report complement the NNSA effort by expanding the set of radionuclides to more than 1,250 radionuclides with a published TQ. The development of this report was sponsored by the Department of Energy’s Office of Nuclear Safety (AU-30) within the Associate Under Secretary for Environment, Health, Safety, and Security organization.« less

6 CFR 27.203 - Calculating the screening threshold quantity by security issue.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 6 Domestic Security 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Calculating the screening threshold quantity by security issue. 27.203 Section 27.203 Domestic Security DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, OFFICE OF THE... the screening threshold quantity by security issue. (a) General. In calculating whether a facility...

6 CFR 27.203 - Calculating the screening threshold quantity by security issue.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 6 Domestic Security 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Calculating the screening threshold quantity by security issue. 27.203 Section 27.203 Domestic Security DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY CHEMICAL FACILITY ANTI-TERRORISM STANDARDS Chemical Facility Security Program § 27.203 Calculating the screening threshold quantity by...

6 CFR 27.203 - Calculating the screening threshold quantity by security issue.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 6 Domestic Security 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Calculating the screening threshold quantity by security issue. 27.203 Section 27.203 Domestic Security DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY CHEMICAL FACILITY ANTI-TERRORISM STANDARDS Chemical Facility Security Program § 27.203 Calculating the screening threshold quantity by...

6 CFR 27.203 - Calculating the screening threshold quantity by security issue.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 6 Domestic Security 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Calculating the screening threshold quantity by security issue. 27.203 Section 27.203 Domestic Security DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY CHEMICAL FACILITY ANTI-TERRORISM STANDARDS Chemical Facility Security Program § 27.203 Calculating the screening threshold quantity by...

6 CFR 27.203 - Calculating the screening threshold quantity by security issue.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 6 Domestic Security 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Calculating the screening threshold quantity by security issue. 27.203 Section 27.203 Domestic Security DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY CHEMICAL FACILITY ANTI-TERRORISM STANDARDS Chemical Facility Security Program § 27.203 Calculating the screening threshold quantity by...

Testing decision rules for categorizing species' extinction risk to help develop quantitative listing criteria for the U.S. Endangered Species Act.

PubMed

Regan, Tracey J; Taylor, Barbara L; Thompson, Grant G; Cochrane, Jean Fitts; Ralls, Katherine; Runge, Michael C; Merrick, Richard

2013-08-01

Lack of guidance for interpreting the definitions of endangered and threatened in the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) has resulted in case-by-case decision making leaving the process vulnerable to being considered arbitrary or capricious. Adopting quantitative decision rules would remedy this but requires the agency to specify the relative urgency concerning extinction events over time, cutoff risk values corresponding to different levels of protection, and the importance given to different types of listing errors. We tested the performance of 3 sets of decision rules that use alternative functions for weighting the relative urgency of future extinction events: a threshold rule set, which uses a decision rule of x% probability of extinction over y years; a concave rule set, where the relative importance of future extinction events declines exponentially over time; and a shoulder rule set that uses a sigmoid shape function, where relative importance declines slowly at first and then more rapidly. We obtained decision cutoffs by interviewing several biologists and then emulated the listing process with simulations that covered a range of extinction risks typical of ESA listing decisions. We evaluated performance of the decision rules under different data quantities and qualities on the basis of the relative importance of misclassification errors. Although there was little difference between the performance of alternative decision rules for correct listings, the distribution of misclassifications differed depending on the function used. Misclassifications for the threshold and concave listing criteria resulted in more overprotection errors, particularly as uncertainty increased, whereas errors for the shoulder listing criteria were more symmetrical. We developed and tested the framework for quantitative decision rules for listing species under the U.S. ESA. If policy values can be agreed on, use of this framework would improve the implementation of the ESA by increasing transparency and consistency. Conservation Biology © 2013 Society for Conservation Biology No claim to original US government works.

40 CFR 355.15 - Which threshold planning quantity do I use for an extremely hazardous substance present at my...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Which threshold planning quantity do I use for an extremely hazardous substance present at my facility in solid form? 355.15 Section 355.15... § 355.15 Which threshold planning quantity do I use for an extremely hazardous substance present at my...

77 FR 16679 - Emergency Planning and Notification; Emergency Planning and List of Extremely Hazardous...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-22

...The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA or the Agency) is taking final action to revise the manner for applying the threshold planning quantities (TPQs) for those extremely hazardous substances (EHSs) that are non-reactive solid chemicals in solution. This revision allows facilities subject to the Emergency Planning requirements that have a non-reactive solid EHS in solution, to first multiply the amount of the solid chemical in solution on-site by 0.2 before determining if this quantity equals or exceeds the lower published TPQ. This change is based on data that shows less potential for non-reactive solid chemicals in solution to remain airborne and dispersed beyond a facility's fence line in the event of an accidental release. Previously, EPA assumed that 100% of non-reactive solid chemicals in solution could become airborne and dispersed beyond the fenceline in the event of an accidental release.

Designation of Alpha-Phenylacetoacetonitrile (APAAN), a Precursor Chemical Used in the Illicit Manufacture of Phenylacetone, Methamphetamine, and Amphetamine, as a List I Chemical. Final rule.

PubMed

2017-07-14

The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is finalizing the designation of the chemical alpha-phenylacetoacetonitrile (APAAN) and its salts, optical isomers, and salts of optical isomers, as a list I chemical under the Controlled Substances Act (CSA). The DEA proposed control of APAAN, due to its use in clandestine laboratories to illicitly manufacture the schedule II controlled substances phenylacetone (also known as phenyl-2-propanone or P2P), methamphetamine, and amphetamine. This rulemaking finalizes, without change, the control of APAAN as a list I chemical. This action does not establish a threshold for domestic and international transactions of APAAN. As such, all transactions involving APAAN, regardless of size, shall be regulated. In addition, chemical mixtures containing APAAN are not exempt from regulatory requirements at any concentration. Therefore, all transactions of chemical mixtures containing any quantity of APAAN shall be regulated pursuant to the CSA. However, manufacturers may submit an application for exemption for those mixtures that do not qualify for automatic exemption.

'Trafficking' or 'personal use': do people who regularly inject drugs understand Australian drug trafficking laws?

PubMed

Hughes, Caitlin E; Ritter, Alison; Cowdery, Nicholas; Sindicich, Natasha

2014-11-01

Legal thresholds for drug trafficking, over which possession of an illicit drug is deemed 'trafficking' as opposed to 'personal use', are employed in all Australian states and territories excepting Queensland. In this paper, we explore the extent to which people who regularly inject drugs understand such laws. Participants from the seven affected states/territories in the 2012 Illicit Drug Reporting System (n = 823) were asked about their legal knowledge of trafficking thresholds: whether, if arrested, quantity possessed would affect legal action taken; and the quantities of heroin, methamphetamine, cocaine and cannabis that would constitute an offence of supply. Data were compared against the actual laws to identify the accuracy of knowledge by drug type and state, and sociodemographics, use and purchasing patterns related to knowledge. Most Illicit Drug Reporting System participants (77%) correctly said that quantity possessed would affect charge received. However, only 55.8% nominated any specific quantity that would constitute an offence of supply, and of those 22.6% nominated a wrong quantity, namely a quantity that was larger than the actual quantity for supply (this varied by state and drug). People who regularly inject drugs have significant gaps in knowledge about Australian legal thresholds for drug trafficking, particularly regarding the actual threshold quantities. This suggests that there may be a need to improve education for this population. Necessity for accurate knowledge would also be lessened by better design of Australian drug trafficking laws. © 2014 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs.

76 FR 21299 - Emergency Planning and Notification; Emergency Planning and List of Extremely Hazardous...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-15

...EPA is proposing to revise the manner by which the regulated community would apply the threshold planning quantities (TPQs) for those extremely hazardous substances (EHSs) that are non-reactive solid chemicals in solution form. Specifically, facilities with a solid EHS in solution would be subject to the Emergency Planning requirements if the amount of the solid chemical on-site, when multiplied by 0.2, equaled or exceeded the lower published TPQ, based on data that shows less potential for the solid chemical in solution to remain airborne in the event of an accidental release. Previously, EPA assumed that 100% of the chemical could become airborne in the event of an accidental release.

78 FR 16921 - Physical Protection of Byproduct Material

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-19

... 1 and category 2 thresholds are based on the quantities established by the International Atomic... orders that were issued to licensees using a graded approach based on the relative risk and quantity of... 5,400 Ytterbium-169 300 8,100 3 81.0 These materials and thresholds are based on the IAEA Code of...

Legislating thresholds for drug trafficking: a policy development case study from New South Wales, Australia.

PubMed

Hughes, Caitlin Elizabeth; Ritter, Alison; Cowdery, Nicholas

2014-09-01

Legal thresholds are used in many parts of the world to define the quantity of illicit drugs over which possession is deemed "trafficking" as opposed to "possession for personal use". There is limited knowledge about why or how such laws were developed. In this study we analyse the policy processes underpinning the introduction and expansion of the drug trafficking legal threshold system in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. A critical legal and historical analysis was undertaken sourcing data from legislation, Parliamentary Hansard debates, government inquiries, police reports and research. A timeline of policy developments was constructed from 1970 until 2013 outlining key steps including threshold introduction (1970), expansion (1985), and wholesale revision (1988). We then critically analysed the drivers of each step and the roles played by formal policy actors, public opinion, research/data and the drug trafficking problem. We find evidence that while justified as a necessary tool for effective law enforcement of drug trafficking, their introduction largely preceded overt police calls for reform or actual increases in drug trafficking. Moreover, while the expansion from one to four thresholds had the intent of differentiating small from large scale traffickers, the quantities employed were based on government assumptions which led to "manifest problems" and the revision in 1988 of over 100 different quantities. Despite the revisions, there has remained no further formal review and new quantities for "legal highs" continue to be added based on assumption and an uncertain evidence-base. The development of legal thresholds for drug trafficking in NSW has been arbitrary and messy. That the arbitrariness persists from 1970 until the present day makes it hard to conclude the thresholds have been well designed. Our narrative provides a platform for future policy reform. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 355.15 - Which threshold planning quantity do I use for an extremely hazardous substance present at my...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 27 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Which threshold planning quantity do I use for an extremely hazardous substance present at my facility in solid form? 355.15 Section 355.15 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SUPERFUND, EMERGENCY PLANNING, AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW PROGRAMS EMERGENCY...

40 CFR 355.15 - Which threshold planning quantity do I use for an extremely hazardous substance present at my...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Which threshold planning quantity do I use for an extremely hazardous substance present at my facility in solid form? 355.15 Section 355.15 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SUPERFUND, EMERGENCY PLANNING, AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW PROGRAMS EMERGENCY...

40 CFR 355.15 - Which threshold planning quantity do I use for an extremely hazardous substance present at my...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 28 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Which threshold planning quantity do I use for an extremely hazardous substance present at my facility in solid form? 355.15 Section 355.15 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SUPERFUND, EMERGENCY PLANNING, AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW PROGRAMS EMERGENCY...

40 CFR 98.396 - Data reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... product or natural gas liquid listed in Table MM-1 of this subpart that enters the refinery to be further...) [Reserved] (6) For each petroleum product and natural gas liquid (ex refinery gate) listed in Table MM-1 of this subpart, report the annual quantity in metric tons or barrels. For natural gas liquids, quantity...

Pressure and Quantity Thresholds for Ignition of Oil Contamination by Rapid Pressurization in Oxygen Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tapia, Susana; Smith, Sarah; Peralta, Steve; Stoltzfus, Joel

2009-01-01

This slide presentation reviews the problem and solution of oil contamination and increased ignition hazard in oxygen systems. The experiments that were used are reviewed, and the contamination level threshold and the oxygen pressure threshold are reviewed.

48 CFR 201.109 - Statutory acquisition-related dollar thresholds-adjustment for inflation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... REGULATIONS SYSTEM Purpose, Authority, Issuance 201.109 Statutory acquisition-related dollar thresholds... right-hand drive passenger sedans be included in the list of dollar thresholds that are subject to...

48 CFR 201.109 - Statutory acquisition-related dollar thresholds-adjustment for inflation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... REGULATIONS SYSTEM Purpose, Authority, Issuance 201.109 Statutory acquisition-related dollar thresholds... right-hand drive passenger sedans be included in the list of dollar thresholds that are subject to...

Word recognition materials for native speakers of Taiwan Mandarin.

PubMed

Nissen, Shawn L; Harris, Richard W; Dukes, Alycia

2008-06-01

To select, digitally record, evaluate, and psychometrically equate word recognition materials that can be used to measure the speech perception abilities of native speakers of Taiwan Mandarin in quiet. Frequently used bisyllabic words produced by male and female talkers of Taiwan Mandarin were digitally recorded and subsequently evaluated using 20 native listeners with normal hearing at 10 intensity levels (-5 to 40 dB HL) in increments of 5 dB. Using logistic regression, 200 words with the steepest psychometric slopes were divided into 4 lists and 8 half-lists that were relatively equivalent in psychometric function slope. To increase auditory homogeneity of the lists, the intensity of words in each list was digitally adjusted so that the threshold of each list was equal to the midpoint between the mean thresholds of the male and female half-lists. Digital recordings of the word recognition lists and the associated clinical instructions are available on CD upon request.

An evidence- and risk-based approach to a harmonized laboratory alert list in Australia and New Zealand.

PubMed

Campbell, Craig A; Lam, Que; Horvath, Andrea R

2018-04-19

Individual laboratories are required to compose an alert list for identifying critical and significant risk results. The high-risk result working party of the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia (RCPA) and the Australasian Association of Clinical Biochemists (AACB) has developed a risk-based approach for a harmonized alert list for laboratories throughout Australia and New Zealand. The six-step process for alert threshold identification and assessment involves reviewing the literature, rating the available evidence, performing a risk analysis, assessing method transferability, considering workload implications and seeking endorsement from stakeholders. To demonstrate this approach, a worked example for deciding the upper alert threshold for potassium is described. The findings of the worked example are for infants aged 0-6 months, a recommended upper potassium alert threshold of >7.0 mmol/L in serum and >6.5 mmol/L in plasma, and for individuals older than 6 months, a threshold of >6.2 mmol/L in both serum and plasma. Limitations in defining alert thresholds include the lack of well-designed studies that measure the relationship between high-risk results and patient outcomes or the benefits of treatment to prevent harm, and the existence of a wide range of clinical practice guidelines with conflicting decision points at which treatment is required. The risk-based approach described presents a transparent, evidence- and consensus-based methodology that can be used by any laboratory when designing an alert list for local use. The RCPA-AACB harmonized alert list serves as a starter set for further local adaptation or adoption after consultation with clinical users.

Reference guide to odor thresholds for hazardous air pollutants listed in the Clean Air Act amendments of 1990

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cain, W.S.; Shoaf, C.R.; Velasquez, S.F.

1992-03-01

In response to numerous requests for information related to odor thresholds, this document was prepared by the Air Risk Information Support Center in its role in providing technical assistance to State and Local government agencies on risk assessment of air pollutants. A discussion of basic concepts related to olfactory function and the measurement of odor thresholds is presented. A detailed discussion of criteria which are used to evaluate the quality of published odor threshold values is provided. The use of odor threshold information in risk assessment is discussed. The results of a literature search and review of odor threshold informationmore » for the chemicals listed as hazardous air pollutants in the Clean Air Act amendments of 1990 is presented. The published odor threshold values are critically evaluated based on the criteria discussed and the values of acceptable quality are used to determine a geometric mean or best estimate.« less

Final Rule: Community Right-To-Know Reporting Requirements Federal Register Notice

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Final reporting thresholds and threshold planning quantity (TPQ) for extremely hazardous substances (EHS) and non-EHS hazardous chemicals, required under Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act.

48 CFR 245.7309-8 - Variations in quantity or weight.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Inventory 245.7309-8 Variations in quantity or weight. When property is sold on a “unit price” basis, the Contractor reserves the right to vary by up to 15 percent the quantity or weight listed in the Invitation and... price shall be adjusted in accordance with the unit price and on the basis of the quantity or weight...

21 CFR 1310.05 - Reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE RECORDS AND REPORTS OF LISTED CHEMICALS AND..., as follows: (1) Any regulated transaction involving an extraordinary quantity of a listed chemical... believes may indicate that the listed chemical will be used in violation of this part. (2) Any proposed...

21 CFR 1310.05 - Reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE RECORDS AND REPORTS OF LISTED CHEMICALS AND..., as follows: (1) Any regulated transaction involving an extraordinary quantity of a listed chemical... believes may indicate that the listed chemical will be used in violation of this part. (2) Any proposed...

40 CFR 302.5 - Determination of reportable quantities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... reportable quantities listed in Table 302.4 for the contaminant on which the characteristic of toxicity is based. The reportable quantity applies to the waste itself, not merely to the toxic contaminant. If an unlisted hazardous waste exhibits toxicity on the basis of more than one contaminant, the reportable...

Information Retrieval Performance of Probabilistically Generated, Problem-Specific Computerized Provider Order Entry Pick-Lists: A Pilot Study

PubMed Central

Rothschild, Adam S.; Lehmann, Harold P.

2005-01-01

Objective: The aim of this study was to preliminarily determine the feasibility of probabilistically generating problem-specific computerized provider order entry (CPOE) pick-lists from a database of explicitly linked orders and problems from actual clinical cases. Design: In a pilot retrospective validation, physicians reviewed internal medicine cases consisting of the admission history and physical examination and orders placed using CPOE during the first 24 hours after admission. They created coded problem lists and linked orders from individual cases to the problem for which they were most indicated. Problem-specific order pick-lists were generated by including a given order in a pick-list if the probability of linkage of order and problem (PLOP) equaled or exceeded a specified threshold. PLOP for a given linked order-problem pair was computed as its prevalence among the other cases in the experiment with the given problem. The orders that the reviewer linked to a given problem instance served as the reference standard to evaluate its system-generated pick-list. Measurements: Recall, precision, and length of the pick-lists. Results: Average recall reached a maximum of .67 with a precision of .17 and pick-list length of 31.22 at a PLOP threshold of 0. Average precision reached a maximum of .73 with a recall of .09 and pick-list length of .42 at a PLOP threshold of .9. Recall varied inversely with precision in classic information retrieval behavior. Conclusion: We preliminarily conclude that it is feasible to generate problem-specific CPOE pick-lists probabilistically from a database of explicitly linked orders and problems. Further research is necessary to determine the usefulness of this approach in real-world settings. PMID:15684134

National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) Data Listing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

Satellite and nonsatellite data available from the National Space Science Data Center are listed. The Satellite Data listing includes the spacecraft name, launch date, and an alphabetical list of experiments. The Non-Satellite Data listing contains ground based data, models, computer routines, and composite spacecraft data. The data set name, data form code, quantity of data, and the time space covered are included in the data sets of both listings where appropriate. Geodetic tracking data sets are also included.

76 FR 77019 - Final Adjusted Assessment of Annual Needs for the List I Chemicals: Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-09

... Assessment of Annual Needs for the List I Chemicals: Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, and Phenylpropanolamine for...: This notice establishes the Final Adjusted 2011 assessment of annual needs for the List I chemicals... assessment of annual needs represents those quantities of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and phenylpropanolamine...

77 FR 55503 - Final Adjusted Assessment of Annual Needs for the List I Chemicals Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-10

... Assessment of Annual Needs for the List I Chemicals Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, and Phenylpropanolamine for...: This notice establishes the Final Adjusted 2012 Assessment of Annual Needs for the list I chemicals...: The 2012 Assessment of Annual Needs represents those quantities of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and...

77 FR 52252 - Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement: Inflation Adjustment of Threshold for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-29

... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Defense Acquisition Regulations System 48 CFR Parts 201 and 212 RIN 0750-AH65 Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement: Inflation Adjustment of Threshold for... respondent concurred with the inflation threshold increase listed at DFARS 212.271. There were no comments...

NSSDC Data listing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1981-01-01

A convenient reference to space science and supportive data available from the National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) is provided. Satellite data are organized by NSSDC spacecraft common name. The launch date and NSSDC ID are given. Experiments are listed alphabetically by the principal investigator or team leader. The experiment name and NSSDC ID, data set ID, data set name, data form code, quantity of data, and the time span of the data as verified by NSSDC are shown. Ground-based data, models, computer routines, and composite spacecraft data that are available from NSSDC are listed alphabetically by discipline, source, data type, data content, and data set. The data set name, data form code, quantity of data, and the time span covered where appropriate are included.

Fitting psychometric functions using a fixed-slope parameter: an advanced alternative for estimating odor thresholds with data generated by ASTM E679.

PubMed

Peng, Mei; Jaeger, Sara R; Hautus, Michael J

2014-03-01

Psychometric functions are predominately used for estimating detection thresholds in vision and audition. However, the requirement of large data quantities for fitting psychometric functions (>30 replications) reduces their suitability in olfactory studies because olfactory response data are often limited (<4 replications) due to the susceptibility of human olfactory receptors to fatigue and adaptation. This article introduces a new method for fitting individual-judge psychometric functions to olfactory data obtained using the current standard protocol-American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) E679. The slope parameter of the individual-judge psychometric function is fixed to be the same as that of the group function; the same-shaped symmetrical sigmoid function is fitted only using the intercept. This study evaluated the proposed method by comparing it with 2 available methods. Comparison to conventional psychometric functions (fitted slope and intercept) indicated that the assumption of a fixed slope did not compromise precision of the threshold estimates. No systematic difference was obtained between the proposed method and the ASTM method in terms of group threshold estimates or threshold distributions, but there were changes in the rank, by threshold, of judges in the group. Overall, the fixed-slope psychometric function is recommended for obtaining relatively reliable individual threshold estimates when the quantity of data is limited.

40 CFR 63.63 - Deletion of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether from the list of hazardous air pollutants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Deletion of ethylene glycol monobutyl... Quantity Designations, Source Category List § 63.63 Deletion of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether from the list of hazardous air pollutants. The substance ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGBE,2-Butoxyethanol...

ACHP | About ACHP | General Information

Science.gov Websites

thresholds are met: 1) there is a federal or federally licensed action, including grants, licenses, and permits, and 2) that action has the potential to affect properties listed in or eligible for listing in

Application of Executable Architectures in Early Concept Evaluation

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-01

xi List of Tables Page Table 1: Confusion Matrix Format (with example threshold values) ............................... 37 Table 2: Confusion... Matrix Logic Example ...................................................................... 37 Table 3: Test Case Matrix ...43 Table 4: Sensor Low Target Detection Threshold Confusion Matrix

48 CFR 245.7302-5 - Mailing lists.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Mailing lists. (a) The plant clearance officer will ensure the contractor solicits a sufficient number of bidders to obtain adequate competition. (b) When large quantities of property, special commodities, or unusual geographic locations are involved, the plant clearance officer is encouraged to obtain additional...

21 CFR 1313.22 - Contents of export declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Contents of export declaration. 1313.22 Section... EXPORTATION OF LIST I AND LIST II CHEMICALS Exportation of Listed Chemicals § 1313.22 Contents of export... quantitative threshold criteria established in § 1310.04(f) of this chapter may be exported if that chemical is...

Hazardous Waste Management for the Small Quantity Generator. Teacher Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This instructional package for teaching about the regulations imposed on small quantity generators by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Resource Conservation Recovery Act is organized around ll program objectives: students will be able to (l) determine a hazardous waste from lists or by identifying characteristics; (2) identify…

40 CFR 82.24 - Recordkeeping and reporting requirements for class II controlled substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... kilograms) of production of each class II controlled substance used in processes resulting in their...) The quantity (in kilograms) of production of each class II controlled substance used in processes... processes resulting in their transformation or eventual destruction; (vi) A list of the quantities and names...

You Are What You Eat

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vredeveld, Ruth

1977-01-01

Describes activities in nutrition education, such as data analysis of lists of quantities and kinds of food eaten by students, listing of television commercials and frequencies of food advertised, school-wide surveys, requests to vending machine companies for more nutritional selections, and organization of a Food Day assembly. (CS)

78 FR 49547 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration; American Radiolabeled Chemicals, Inc.

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-14

... manufacture small quantities of the listed controlled substances as radiolabeled compounds for biochemical... the listed basic classes of controlled substances is consistent with the public interest at this time... is consistent with the public interest. The investigation has included inspection and testing of the...

76 FR 77252 - Established Assessment of Annual Needs for the List I Chemicals Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-12

... notice establishes the initial 2012 assessment of annual needs for the List I chemicals ephedrine...: Background The 2012 assessment of annual needs represents those quantities of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and... that the Attorney General establish an assessment of annual needs for ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and...

Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste - CERCLA Hazardous Substance Designation - Reportable Quantity Adjustment - Coke By-Products Wastes - Federal Register Notice, August 18, 1992

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA is amending its regulations under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) by listing as hazardous seven wastes generated during the production, recovery, and refining of coke by-products produced from coal.

40 CFR 98.396 - Data reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... natural gas liquid listed in table MM-1 of this subpart that enters the refinery to be further refined or... standard method or other industry standard practice used. For natural gas liquids, quantity shall reflect the individual components of the product. (2) For each petroleum product or natural gas liquid listed...

40 CFR 98.396 - Data reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... natural gas liquid listed in table MM-1 of this subpart that enters the refinery to be further refined or... standard method or other industry standard practice used. For natural gas liquids, quantity shall reflect the individual components of the product. (2) For each petroleum product or natural gas liquid listed...

40 CFR 98.396 - Data reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... natural gas liquid listed in table MM-1 of this subpart that enters the refinery to be further refined or... standard method or other industry standard practice used. For natural gas liquids, quantity shall reflect the individual components of the product. (2) For each petroleum product or natural gas liquid listed...

40 CFR 98.396 - Data reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... natural gas liquid listed in table MM-1 of this subpart that enters the refinery to be further refined or... standard method or other industry standard practice used. For natural gas liquids, quantity shall reflect the individual components of the product. (2) For each petroleum product or natural gas liquid listed...

Indicator Expansion with Analysis Pipeline

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-01-13

INTERNAL FILTER trackInfectedHosts FILTER badTraffic SIP infectedHosts 1 DAY END INTERNAL FILTER 11 Step 3 watch where infected hosts go FILTER...nonWhiteListPostInfected SIP IN LIST infectedHosts DIP NOT IN LIST safePopularIPs.set END FILTER 12 Step 4 & 5: Count Hosts Per IP and Alert EVALUATION...CHECK THRESHOLD DISTINCT SIP > 50 TIME WINDOW 36 HOURS END CHECK END EVALUATION 13 Step 6: Report Expanded Indicators LIST CONFIGURATION secondLevelIPs

15 CFR 768.1 - Introduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... item. Sufficient quantity. The amount of an item that would render the U.S. export control, or the... the quantity that meets the military needs of that country so that U.S. exports of the item to that... items that were formerly controlled on the U.S. Munitions List and that were transferred to the Commerce...

15 CFR 768.1 - Introduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... item. Sufficient quantity. The amount of an item that would render the U.S. export control, or the... the quantity that meets the military needs of that country so that U.S. exports of the item to that... items that were formerly controlled on the U.S. Munitions List and that were transferred to the Commerce...

15 CFR 768.1 - Introduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... item. Sufficient quantity. The amount of an item that would render the U.S. export control, or the... the quantity that meets the military needs of that country so that U.S. exports of the item to that... items that were formerly controlled on the U.S. Munitions List and that were transferred to the Commerce...

15 CFR 768.1 - Introduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... item. Sufficient quantity. The amount of an item that would render the U.S. export control, or the... the quantity that meets the military needs of that country so that U.S. exports of the item to that... items that were formerly controlled on the U.S. Munitions List and that were transferred to the Commerce...

15 CFR 768.1 - Introduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... item. Sufficient quantity. The amount of an item that would render the U.S. export control, or the... the quantity that meets the military needs of that country so that U.S. exports of the item to that... items that were formerly controlled on the U.S. Munitions List and that were transferred to the Commerce...

15 CFR 754.2 - Crude oil.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... condensate and liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, gilsonite, and oil shale. Drip gases are also... importation into the United States of an equal or greater quantity and an equal or better quality of crude oil or of a quantity and quality of petroleum products listed in Supplement No. 1 to this part that is...

Sudden clearing of estuarine waters upon crossing the threshold from transport to supply regulation of sediment transport as an erodible sediment pool is depleted: San Francisco Bay, 1999

USGS Publications Warehouse

Schoellhamer, David H.

2011-01-01

The quantity of suspended sediment in an estuary is regulated either by transport, where energy or time needed to suspend sediment is limiting, or by supply, where the quantity of erodible sediment is limiting. This paper presents a hypothesis that suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) in estuaries can suddenly decrease when the threshold from transport to supply regulation is crossed as an erodible sediment pool is depleted. This study was motivated by a statistically significant 36% step decrease in SSC in San Francisco Bay from water years 1991–1998 to 1999–2007. A quantitative conceptual model of an estuary with an erodible sediment pool and transport or supply regulation of sediment transport is developed. Model results confirm that, if the regulation threshold was crossed in 1999, SSC would decrease rapidly after water year 1999 as observed. Estuaries with a similar history of a depositional sediment pulse followed by erosion may experience sudden clearing.

Statistical properties of light from optical parametric oscillators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vyas, Reeta; Singh, Surendra

2009-12-01

Coherence properties of light beams generated by optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) are discussed in the region of threshold. Analytic expressions, that are valid throughout the threshold region, for experimentally measurable quantities such as the mean and variance of photon number fluctuations, squeezing of field quadratures, and photon counting distributions are derived. These expressions describe non-Gaussian fluctuations of light in the region of threshold and reproduce Gaussian fluctuations below and above threshold, thus providing a bridge between below and above threshold regimes of operation. They are used to study the transformation of fluctuation properties of light as the OPOs make a transition from below to above threshold. The results for the OPOs are compared to those for the single-mode and two-mode lasers and their similarities and differences are discussed.

19 CFR Appendix to Part 163 - Interim (a)(1)(A) List

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... for commercial samples, tools, theatrical effects §§ 10.70, 10.71Purebred breeding certificate § 10..., merchandise (commercial product) description, quantities, values, unit price, trade terms, part, model, style... Access Program (9802/GSP/CBI) § 141.89CF 5523 Part 141Corrected Commercial Invoice 141.86 (e)Packing List...

19 CFR Appendix to Part 163 - Interim (a)(1)(A) List

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... for commercial samples, tools, theatrical effects §§ 10.70, 10.71Purebred breeding certificate § 10..., merchandise (commercial product) description, quantities, values, unit price, trade terms, part, model, style... Access Program (9802/GSP/CBI) § 141.89CF 5523 Part 141Corrected Commercial Invoice 141.86 (e)Packing List...

19 CFR Appendix to Part 163 - Interim (a)(1)(A) List

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... for commercial samples, tools, theatrical effects §§ 10.70, 10.71Purebred breeding certificate § 10..., merchandise (commercial product) description, quantities, values, unit price, trade terms, part, model, style... Access Program (9802/GSP/CBI) § 141.89CF 5523 Part 141Corrected Commercial Invoice 141.86 (e)Packing List...

19 CFR Appendix to Part 163 - Interim (a)(1)(A) List

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... for commercial samples, tools, theatrical effects §§ 10.70, 10.71Purebred breeding certificate § 10..., merchandise (commercial product) description, quantities, values, unit price, trade terms, part, model, style... Access Program (9802/GSP/CBI) § 141.89CF 5523 Part 141Corrected Commercial Invoice 141.86 (e)Packing List...

19 CFR Appendix to Part 163 - Interim (a)(1)(A) List

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... for commercial samples, tools, theatrical effects §§ 10.70, 10.71Purebred breeding certificate § 10..., merchandise (commercial product) description, quantities, values, unit price, trade terms, part, model, style... Access Program (9802/GSP/CBI) § 141.89CF 5523 Part 141Corrected Commercial Invoice 141.86 (e)Packing List...

40 CFR Appendix I to Part 265 - Recordkeeping Instructions

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... physical form, i.e., liquid, sludge, solid, or contained gas. If the waste is not listed in part 261..., solid filter cake from production of ___, EPA Hazardous Waste Number W051). Each hazardous waste listed... technique(s) used at the facility to treat, store or dispose of each quantity of hazardous waste received. 1...

75 FR 79412 - Final Revised Assessment of Annual Needs for the List I Chemicals Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-20

... Assessment of Annual Needs for the List I Chemicals Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, and Phenylpropanolamine for... Annual Needs for 2010. SUMMARY: This notice establishes the Final Revised 2010 Assessment of Annual Needs...). The 2010 Assessment of Annual Needs represents those quantities of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and...

Identification of Threshold Concepts for Biochemistry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Loertscher, Jennifer; Green, David; Lewis, Jennifer E.; Lin, Sara; Minderhout, Vicky

2014-01-01

Threshold concepts (TCs) are concepts that, when mastered, represent a transformed understanding of a discipline without which the learner cannot progress. We have undertaken a process involving more than 75 faculty members and 50 undergraduate students to identify a working list of TCs for biochemistry. The process of identifying TCs for…

Low-Threshold Active Teaching Methods for Mathematic Instruction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marotta, Sebastian M.; Hargis, Jace

2011-01-01

In this article, we present a large list of low-threshold active teaching methods categorized so the instructor can efficiently access and target the deployment of conceptually based lessons. The categories include teaching strategies for lecture on large and small class sizes; student action individually, in pairs, and groups; games; interaction…

21 CFR 1303.22 - Procedure for applying for individual manufacturing quotas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... manufacturing quotas. Any person who is registered to manufacture any basic class of controlled substance listed in Schedule I or II and who desires to manufacture a quantity of such class shall apply on DEA Form 189 for a manufacturing quota for such quantity of such class. Copies of DEA Form 189 may be obtained...

Single photons from a gain medium below threshold

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghosh, Sanjib; Liew, Timothy C. H.

2018-06-01

The emission from a nonlinear photonic mode coupled weakly to a gain medium operating below threshold is predicted to exhibit antibunching. In the steady state regime, analytical solutions for the relevant observable quantities are found in accurate agreement with exact numerical results. Under pulsed excitation, the unequal time second-order correlation function demonstrates the triggered probabilistic generation of single photons well separated in time.

Characterization of turbulent coherent structures in square duct flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Atzori, Marco; Vinuesa, Ricardo; Lozano-Durán, Adrián; Schlatter, Philipp

2018-04-01

This work is aimed at a first characterization of coherent structures in turbulent square duct flows. Coherent structures are defined as connected components in the domain identified as places where a quantity of interest (such as Reynolds stress or vorticity) is larger than a prescribed non-uniform threshold. Firstly, we qualitatively discuss how a percolation analysis can be used to assess the effectiveness of the threshold function, and how it can be affected by statistical uncertainty. Secondly, various physical quantities that are expected to play an important role in the dynamics of the secondary flow of Prandtl’s second kind are studied. Furthermore, a characterization of intense Reynolds-stress events in square duct flow, together with a comparison of their shape for analogous events in channel flow at the same Reynolds number, is presented.

Reference Guide to Odor Thresholds for Hazardous Air Pollutants Listed in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990.

EPA Science Inventory

In response to numerous requests for information related to odor thresholds, this document was prepared by the Air Risk Information Support Center in its role in providing technical assistance to State and Local government agencies on risk assessment of air pollutants. Discussion...

Dust Devils on Mars: Effects of Surface Roughness on Particle Threshold

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Neakrase, Lynn D.; Greeley, Ronald; Iversen, James D.; Balme, Matthew L.; Foley, Daniel J.; Eddlemon, Eric E.

2005-01-01

Dust devils have been proposed as effective mechanisms for lofting large quantities of dust into the martian atmosphere. Previous work showed that vortices lift dust more easily than simple boundary layer winds. The aim of this study is to determine experimentally the effects of non-erodable roughness elements on vortex particle threshold through laboratory simulations of natural surfaces. Additional information is included in the original extended abstract.

Comparison of the South African Spondaic and CID W-1 wordlists for measuring speech recognition threshold

PubMed Central

Soer, Maggi; Pottas, Lidia

2015-01-01

Background The home language of most audiologists in South Africa is either English or Afrikaans, whereas most South Africans speak an African language as their home language. The use of an English wordlist, the South African Spondaic (SAS) wordlist, which is familiar to the English Second Language (ESL) population, was developed by the author for testing the speech recognition threshold (SRT) of ESL speakers. Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the pure-tone average (PTA)/SRT correlation results of ESL participants when using the SAS wordlist (list A) and the CID W-1 spondaic wordlist (list B – less familiar; list C – more familiar CID W-1 words). Method A mixed-group correlational, quantitative design was adopted. PTA and SRT measurements were compared for lists A, B and C for 101 (197 ears) ESL participants with normal hearing or a minimal hearing loss (<26 dBHL; mean age 33.3). Results The Pearson correlation analysis revealed a strong PTA/SRT correlation when using list A (right 0.65; left 0.58) and list C (right 0.63; left 0.56). The use of list B revealed weak correlations (right 0.30; left 0.32). Paired sample t-tests indicated a statistically significantly stronger PTA/SRT correlation when list A was used, rather than list B or list C, at a 95% level of confidence. Conclusions The use of the SAS wordlist yielded a stronger PTA/SRT correlation than the use of the CID W-1 wordlist, when performing SRT testing on South African ESL speakers with normal hearing, or minimal hearing loss (<26 dBHL). PMID:26304218

Stable-isotope customer list and summary of shipments, FY 1982

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Davis, W.C.

1983-04-01

This compilation is published as an aid to those concerned with the separation and sale of stable isotopes. The inforamtion is divided into four sections: (1) alphabetical list of domestic and foreign customers, showing the stable isotopes purchased during the fiscal year; (2) alphabetical list of isotopes, cross-referenced to customer numbers and divided into domestic and foreign categories; (3) alphabetical list of states and countries, cross-referenced to customer numbers and indicating geographical concentrations of isotope users; and (4) tabulation of the shipments, quantities, and dollars for domestic, foreign, and project categories for each isotope.

NSSDC data listing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1982-01-01

The first part of this listing, Satellite Data, is in an abbreviated form compared to the data catalogs published by NSSDC. It is organized by NSSDC spacecraft common name. The launch date and NSSDC ID are printed for each spacecraft. The experiments are listed alphabetically by the principal investigator's or team leader's last name following the spacecraft name. The experiment name and NSSDC ID are printed for each experiment. The data sets are listed by NSSDC ID following the experiment name. The data set name, data form code, quantity of data, and the time span of the data as verified by NSSDC are printed for each data set.

Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention Advisory: Ammonia

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This advisory recommends ways Local Emergency Planning Committees (LEPCs) and chemical facilities can minimize risks from this extremely hazardous substance, especially when present in excess of its 500 pounds threshold planning quantity.

RMP Guidance for Chemical Distributors - Appendix A: 40 CFR part 68/Selected NAICS Codes

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The full text of Part 68, Chemical Accident Prevention provisions, includes hazard assessment, emergency response, threshold quantities for regulated substances, reporting requirements, and the Risk Management Plan.

General RMP Guidance - Appendix E: Supplemental Risk Management Program Guidance for Ammonia Refrigeration Facilities

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Additional information for food processors, food distributors, refrigerated warehouses, and any other facility with ammonia refrigeration system. Includes guidance on exemptions, threshold quantity, offsite consequence analysis.

10 CFR 73.72 - Requirement for advance notice of shipment of formula quantities of strategic special nuclear...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... at the phone numbers listed in appendix A to this part. Classified and safeguards notifications shall... shall be notified by telephone of schedule changes of more than 6 hours at the phone numbers listed in...(s), address(es), and telephone number(s) of the shipper, receiver, and carrier(s); (ii) A physical...

A Spanish matrix sentence test for assessing speech reception thresholds in noise.

PubMed

Hochmuth, Sabine; Brand, Thomas; Zokoll, Melanie A; Castro, Franz Zenker; Wardenga, Nina; Kollmeier, Birger

2012-07-01

To develop, optimize, and evaluate a new Spanish sentence test in noise. The test comprises a basic matrix of ten names, verbs, numerals, nouns, and adjectives. From this matrix, test lists of ten sentences with an equal syntactical structure can be formed at random, with each list containing the whole speech material. The speech material represents the phoneme distribution of the Spanish language. The test was optimized for measuring speech reception thresholds (SRTs) in noise by adjusting the presentation levels of the individual words. Subsequently, the test was evaluated by independent measurements investigating the training effects, the comparability of test lists, open-set vs. closed-set test format, and performance of listeners of different Spanish varieties. In total, 68 normal-hearing native Spanish-speaking listeners. SRTs measured using an adaptive procedure were 6.2 ± 0.8 dB SNR for the open-set and 7.2 ± 0.7 dB SNR for the closed-set test format. The residual training effect was less than 1 dB after using two double-lists before data collection. No significant differences were found for listeners of different Spanish varieties indicating that the test is applicable to Spanish as well as Latin American listeners. Test lists can be used interchangeably.

48 CFR 13.005 - List of laws inapplicable to contracts and subcontracts at or below the simplified acquisition...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false List of laws inapplicable to contracts and subcontracts at or below the simplified acquisition threshold. 13.005 Section 13.005 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACTING METHODS AND CONTRACT TYPES SIMPLIFIED ACQUISITION PROCEDURES...

Appendix E: Supplemental Risk Management Program Guidance for Ammonia Refrigeration Facilities

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Additional information for food processors, food distributors, refrigerated warehouses, and any other facility that has an ammonia refrigeration system. Includes details on exemption for farms, threshold quantity, and offsite consequence analysis.

RMP Guidance for Offsite Consequence Analysis

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Offsite consequence analysis (OCA) consists of a worst-case release scenario and alternative release scenarios. OCA is required from facilities with chemicals above threshold quantities. RMP*Comp software can be used to perform calculations described here.

NSSDC data listing. [spaceborne experiments and photography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1978-01-01

The National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) Data Listing is in an abbreviated form compared to the data catalogs normally published by NSSDC/WDC-A-R&S. It is organized by NSSDC spacecraft common name. The launch date and NSSDC ID are printed for each spacecraft. The experiments are listed alphabetically by the principal investigator's name and NSSDC ID are printed for each experiment. The data sets are listed by NSSDC ID following the experiment name. The data set name, data form code, quantity of data, and the time span of the data as verified by NSSDC are printed for each data set. Information on NSSDC facilities and ordering procedures are included.

Quantity judgments in the context of risk/reward decision making in striped field mice: first “count,” then hunt

PubMed Central

Panteleeva, Sofia; Reznikova, Zhanna; Vygonyailova, Olga

2013-01-01

We simulated the situation of risky hunting in the striped field mouse Apodemus agrarius in order to examine whether these animals are able to make a choice between small and large quantities of live prey (ants). In the first (preliminary) experiment we investigated to what extent mice were interested in ants as a live prey and how their hunting activity depended on the quantity of these edible but rather aggressive insects. We placed mice one by one into arenas together with ant groups of different quantities, from 10 to 60. Surprisingly, animals, both wild-caught and laboratory-reared, displayed rather skilled predatory attacks: mice killed and ate from 0.37 ± 003 to 4 ± 0.5 ants per minute. However, there was a threshold number of ants in the arenas when rodents expressed signs of discomfort and started to panic, likely because ants bit them. This threshold corresponds to the dynamic density (about 400 individuals per m2 per min) in the vicinity of anthills and ants' routes in natural environment. In the second experiment mice had to choose between different quantities of ants placed in two transparent tunnels. Ants here served both as food items and as a source of danger. As far as we know, this is the first experimental paradigm based on evaluation of quantity judgments in the context of risk/reward decision making where the animals face a trade-off between the hedonistic value of the prey and the danger it presents. We found that when mice have to choose between 5 vs. 15, 5 vs. 30, and 10 vs. 30 ants, they always tend to prefer the smaller quantity, thus displaying the capacity for distinguishing more from less in order to ensure comfortable hunting. The results of this study are ecologically relevant as they reflect situations and challenges faced by free-living small rodents. PMID:23407476

State Tier II Reporting Requirements and Procedures

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Under the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, facilities must report on the storage, location, and threshold quantities of hazardous substances on the premises. Each state also has its own requirements regarding submission of forms.

78 FR 60317 - Notice of Updates to the Department of Labor's List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-01

... Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013, which mandated that ILAB publish the List every two... at ``a single company or facility'' or in ``an isolated incident'' ``will not weigh in favor of a... or reduced to a single company or facility or to an isolated incident, the threshold for removal...

A Dynamic Model of the Initial Spares Support List Development Process

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-06-01

S117Z1NOTE NREI -NOT READI END ITERS IIT7INOTE GPEI -QUANTITY OF PARTS M. END ITER 11775NOTE FUSERF -PARTS USE RATE FACTOR U8WOTE OP U -OTHER PARTS USE...FAILURES ’I 1675R PtJER.L=(NREI.K) (QPEI) (PUSERF.K)+OPUR II7HNOTE PUSER -PARTS USE RATE II7t5NOTE NREI -NOT READY END ITEMS II756NOTE GPEI -QUANTITY

EPCRA Instructions to the Tier II Emergency and Hazardous Chemical Inventory Form

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The form is required for Tier Two reporting of hazardous chemicals in quantities equal to or greater than established threshold amounts. Sections include chemical description, hazard categories from both EPA and OSHA, and storage details.

Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention Advisory: Swimming Pool Chemicals: Chlorine

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This June 1990 advisory to Local Emergency Planning Committees (LEPCs) suggests they address risk from chlorine, an extremely hazardous substance, even when below the threshold planning quantity stated in Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act.

Profile of circulating microRNAs in fibromyalgia and their relation to symptom severity: an exploratory study.

PubMed

Bjersing, Jan L; Bokarewa, Maria I; Mannerkorpi, Kaisa

2015-04-01

Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by generalized chronic pain and reduced pain thresholds. Disturbed neuroendocrine function and impairment of growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 is common. However, the pathophysiology of FM is not clear. MicroRNAs are important regulatory factors reflecting interface of genes and environment. Our aim was to identify characteristic microRNAs in FM and relations of specific microRNAs with characteristic symptoms. A total of 374 circulating microRNAs were measured in women with FM (n = 20; median 52.5 years) and healthy women (n = 20; 52.5 years) by quantitative PCR. Pain thresholds were examined by algometry. Pain [fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ) pain] levels were rated (0-100 mm) using FIQ. Fatigue (FIQ fatigue) was rated (0-100 mm) using FIQ and multidimensional fatigue inventory general fatigue. Sleep quantity and quality (1-4) rated from satisfactory to nonsatisfactory. Higher scores indicate more severe symptoms. Eight microRNAs differed significantly between FM and healthy women. Seven microRNAs, miR-103a-3p, miR-107, let-7a-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-151a-5p, miR-142-3p and miR-374b-5p, were lower in FM. However, levels of miR-320a were higher in FM. MiR-103a-3p correlated with pain (r = 0.530, p = 0.016) and sleep quantity (r = 0.593, p = 0.006) in FM. MiR-320a correlated inversely with pain (r = -0.468, p = 0.037). MiR-374b-5p correlated inversely with pain threshold (r = -0.612, p = 0.004). MiR-30b-5p correlated with sleep quantity (r = 0.509, p = 0.022), and let-7a-5p was associated with sleep symptoms. When adjusted for body mass index, the correlation of sleep quantity with miR-103a and miR-30b was no longer significant. To our knowledge, this is the first study of circulating microRNAs in FM. Levels of several microRNAs differed significantly in FM compared to healthy women. Three microRNAs were associated with pain or pain threshold in FM.

Level III and IV Ecoregions by State

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Information and links to downloadable maps and datasets for Level III and IV ecoregions, listed by state. Ecoregions are areas of general similarity in the type, quality, and quantity of environmental resources.

Level III and IV Ecoregions by EPA Region

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Information and downloadable maps and datasets for Level III and IV ecoregions, listed by EPA region. Ecoregions are areas of general similarity in the type, quality, and quantity of environmental resources.

75 FR 6062 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances Notice of Registration

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-05

... controlled substances listed in schedules I and II: Drug Schedule Marihuana (7360) I Tetrahydrocannabinols (7370) I Cocaine (9041) I The Institute will manufacture small quantities of cocaine and marihuana...

Sequential monitoring of beach litter using webcams.

PubMed

Kako, Shin'ichiro; Isobe, Atsuhiko; Magome, Shinya

2010-05-01

This study attempts to establish a system for the sequential monitoring of beach litter using webcams placed at the Ookushi beach, Goto Islands, Japan, to establish the temporal variability in the quantities of beach litter every 90 min over a one and a half year period. The time series of the quantities of beach litter, computed by counting pixels with a greater lightness than a threshold value in photographs, shows that litter does not increase monotonically on the beach, but fluctuates mainly on a monthly time scale or less. To investigate what factors influence this variability, the time derivative of the quantity of beach litter is compared with satellite-derived wind speeds. It is found that the beach litter quantities vary largely with winds, but there may be other influencing factors. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Units and symbols in solar energy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Beckman, W.A.; Bugler, J.W.; Cooper, P.L.

1978-01-01

The application of S.I. units to some common solar energy quantities is discussed and some conversions to S.I. units are given. Then, a list of preferred names, symbols and units is recommended. (SPH)

Interpretation of urinary concentrations of pseudoephedrine and its metabolite cathine in relation to doping control.

PubMed

Deventer, K; Van Eenoo, P; Baele, G; Pozo, O J; Van Thuyne, W; Delbeke, F T

2009-05-01

Until the end of 2003 a urinary concentration of pseudoephedrine exceeding 25 microg/mL was regarded as a doping violation by the World Anti-Doping Agency. Since its removal from the prohibited list in 2004 the number of urine samples in which pseudoephedrine was detected in our laboratory increased substantially. Analysis of 116 in-competition samples containing pseudoephedrine in 2007 and 2008, revealed that 66% of these samples had a concentration of pseudoephedrine above 25 microg/mL. This corresponded to 1.4% of all tested in competition samples in that period. In the period 2001-2003 only 0.18% of all analysed in competition samples contained more than 25 microg/mL. Statistical comparison of the two periods showed that after the removal of pseudoephedrine from the list its use increased significantly. Of the individual sports compared between the two periods, only cycling is shown to yield a significant increase.Analysis of excretion urine samples after administration of a therapeutic daily dose (240 mg pseudoephedrine) in one administration showed that the threshold of 25 microg/mL can be exceeded. The same samples were also analysed for cathine, which has currently a threshold of 5 microg/mL on the prohibited list. The maximum urinary concentration of cathine also exceeded the threshold for some volunteers. Comparison of the measured cathine and pseudoephedrine concentrations only indicated a poor correlation between them. Hence, cathine is not a good indicator to control pseudopehedrine intake. To control the (ab)use of ephedrines in sports it is recommended that WADA reintroduce a threshold for pseudoephedrine. Copyright 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Fact Sheet: Clean Air Act Section 112(r): Accidental Release Prevention / Risk Management Plan Rule

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA is required to publish regulations and guidance for chemical accident prevention at facilities that pose the greatest risk of harm from accidental releases of regulated flammable and toxic substances above threshold quantities.

How Many Is Enough?—Statistical Principles for Lexicostatistics

PubMed Central

Zhang, Menghan; Gong, Tao

2016-01-01

Lexicostatistics has been applied in linguistics to inform phylogenetic relations among languages. There are two important yet not well-studied parameters in this approach: the conventional size of vocabulary list to collect potentially true cognates and the minimum matching instances required to confirm a recurrent sound correspondence. Here, we derive two statistical principles from stochastic theorems to quantify these parameters. These principles validate the practice of using the Swadesh 100- and 200-word lists to indicate degree of relatedness between languages, and enable a frequency-based, dynamic threshold to detect recurrent sound correspondences. Using statistical tests, we further evaluate the generality of the Swadesh 100-word list compared to the Swadesh 200-word list and other 100-word lists sampled randomly from the Swadesh 200-word list. All these provide mathematical support for applying lexicostatistics in historical and comparative linguistics. PMID:28018261

Asthma and Food Allergies

MedlinePlus

... and vegetables. Sulfites may be used in certain processed foods, provided they are listed on labels in quantities ... is sensitive to sulfites, be cautious about any processed or prepared food. Last Updated 11/21/2015 Source Nutrition: What ...

Asymmetrically interacting spreading dynamics on complex layered networks.

PubMed

Wang, Wei; Tang, Ming; Yang, Hui; Younghae Do; Lai, Ying-Cheng; Lee, GyuWon

2014-05-29

The spread of disease through a physical-contact network and the spread of information about the disease on a communication network are two intimately related dynamical processes. We investigate the asymmetrical interplay between the two types of spreading dynamics, each occurring on its own layer, by focusing on the two fundamental quantities underlying any spreading process: epidemic threshold and the final infection ratio. We find that an epidemic outbreak on the contact layer can induce an outbreak on the communication layer, and information spreading can effectively raise the epidemic threshold. When structural correlation exists between the two layers, the information threshold remains unchanged but the epidemic threshold can be enhanced, making the contact layer more resilient to epidemic outbreak. We develop a physical theory to understand the intricate interplay between the two types of spreading dynamics.

Asymmetrically interacting spreading dynamics on complex layered networks

PubMed Central

Wang, Wei; Tang, Ming; Yang, Hui; Younghae Do; Lai, Ying-Cheng; Lee, GyuWon

2014-01-01

The spread of disease through a physical-contact network and the spread of information about the disease on a communication network are two intimately related dynamical processes. We investigate the asymmetrical interplay between the two types of spreading dynamics, each occurring on its own layer, by focusing on the two fundamental quantities underlying any spreading process: epidemic threshold and the final infection ratio. We find that an epidemic outbreak on the contact layer can induce an outbreak on the communication layer, and information spreading can effectively raise the epidemic threshold. When structural correlation exists between the two layers, the information threshold remains unchanged but the epidemic threshold can be enhanced, making the contact layer more resilient to epidemic outbreak. We develop a physical theory to understand the intricate interplay between the two types of spreading dynamics. PMID:24872257

Energy balance framework for Net Zero Energy buildings

EPA Science Inventory

Approaching a Net Zero Energy (NZE) building goal based on current definitions is flawed for two principal reasons - they only deal with energy quantities required for operations, and they do not establish a threshold, which ensures that buildings are optimized for reduced consum...

RMP Guidance for Warehouses - Chapter 1: General Applicability

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Helps you determine if you are subject to Part 68, the risk management program rule. It covers you if you are the owner/operator of a stationary source, that has more than a threshold quantity, of a regulated substance, in a process.

RMP Guidance for Chemical Distributors - Chapter 1: General Applicability

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The Risk Management Program rule covers you if you are: the owner/operator of a stationary source, that has more than a threshold quantity, of a regulated substance, in a process. Follow the flowchart, definitions, and Q & A's to determine applicability.

40 CFR 68.10 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CHEMICAL ACCIDENT PREVENTION PROVISIONS General § 68.10 Applicability. (a) An owner or operator of a stationary source that has more than a threshold quantity of a regulated substance in a process, as determined under...

General RMP Guidance - Chapter 1: General Applicability

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Part 68, the risk management program rule, covers you if you are the owner or operator of a stationary source (facility), that has more than a threshold quantity, of a regulated toxic or flammable substance(e.g., ammonia or chlorine), in a process.

Quantity of Candida Colonies in Saliva: 
A Diagnostic Evaluation for Oral Candidiasis.

PubMed

Zhou, Pei Ru; Hua, Hong; Liu, Xiao Song

To investigate the relationship between the quantity of Candida colonies in saliva and oral candidiasis (OC), as well as to identify the threshold for distinguishing oral candidiasis from healthy carriage. A diagnostic test was conducted in 197 patients with different oral problems. The diagnosis of OC was established based on clinical features. Whole saliva samples from the subjects were cultured for Candida species. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used in this study. OC patients had significantly more Candida colony-forming units per millilitre saliva (795 cfu/ml) than asymptomatic carriers (40 cfu/ml; P < 0.05). Among different types of candidiasis, the quantity of Candida colonies differed. The number of Candida colonies in pseudomembranous type was significantly higher than that in the erythematous type (P < 0.05). Candida albicans was the predominant species of Candida. The cut-off point with the best fit for OC diagnosis was calculated to be 266 cfu/ml. The sensitivity and specificity were 0.720 and 0.825, respectively. Analysis of the ROC curve indicated that Candida colonies had a high diagnostic value for OC, as demonstrated by the area under the curve (AUC = 0.873). Based on this study, the value of 270 cfu/ml was considered a threshold for distinguishing OC from carriage.

Quantifying export flows of used electronics: advanced methods to resolve used goods within trade data.

PubMed

Duan, Huabo; Miller, T Reed; Gregory, Jeremy; Kirchain, Randolph

2014-03-18

There is limited convincing quantitative data on the export of used electronics from the United States (U.S.). Thus, we advance a methodology to quantify the export flows of whole units of used electronics from the U.S. using detailed export trade data, and demonstrate the methodology using laptops. Since used electronics are not explicitly identified in export trade data, we hypothesize that exports with a low unit value below a used-new threshold specific to a destination world region are used. The importance of using the most disaggregated trade data set available when resolving used and new goods is illustrated. Two detailed U.S. export trade data sets were combined to arrive at quantities and unit values for each port, mode of transport, month, trade partner country, and trade code. We add rigor to the determination of the used-new threshold by utilizing both the Neighborhood valley-emphasis method (NVEM) and published sales prices. This analysis found that 748 to 1199 thousand units of used laptops were exported from the U.S. in 2010, of which 78-81% are destined for non-OECD countries. Asia was found to be the largest destination of used laptop exports across all used-new threshold methods. Latin American and the Caribbean was the second largest recipient of these exports. North America and Europe also received used laptops from the U.S. Only a small fraction of used laptops was exported to Africa. However, these quantities are lower bound estimates because not all shipments of used laptops may be shipped using the proper laptop trade code. Still, this approach has the potential to give insight into the quantity and destinations of the exports if applied to all used electronics product types across a series of years.

A parametric method for determining the number of signals in narrow-band direction finding

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Qiang; Fuhrmann, Daniel R.

1991-08-01

A novel and more accurate method to determine the number of signals in the multisource direction finding problem is developed. The information-theoretic criteria of Yin and Krishnaiah (1988) are applied to a set of quantities which are evaluated from the log-likelihood function. Based on proven asymptotic properties of the maximum likelihood estimation, these quantities have the properties required by the criteria. Since the information-theoretic criteria use these quantities instead of the eigenvalues of the estimated correlation matrix, this approach possesses the advantage of not requiring a subjective threshold, and also provides higher performance than when eigenvalues are used. Simulation results are presented and compared to those obtained from the nonparametric method given by Wax and Kailath (1985).

Availability of essential medicines: A primary health care perspective

PubMed Central

Dixit, Rohit; Vinay, M.; Jayasree, T.; Ubedulla, Shaikh; Manohar, V. S.; Chandrasekhar, N.

2011-01-01

The present study was undertaken to assess the availability of the essential medicines to the people of Kunijarla, Khammam district, AP. This was done in two steps: 1) Comparison of PHC-EML (primary health care essential medicines list) with AP-EML (Andhra Pradesh essential medicines list) and NEML (National essential medicines list); and 2) Assessment of availability of the listed medicines in adequate quantity to meet the needs of people of kunijarla. Results showed that the PHC-EML is on par with AP-EML and NEML. The hospital has 100% availability of the listed medicines; however, there was a need for certain add-on drugs like phenytoin tablets, valproic acid, and activated charcoal since they were prescribed frequently and were not included in PHC-EML. All the drugs which were listed in PHC-EML were being used and none were considered as non-utility supply. Suggestions were given for the revision of PHC-EML according to the criteria for identifying medicines for inclusion in the revised list which was mentioned in NEML. PMID:22022009

Availability of essential medicines: A primary health care perspective.

PubMed

Dixit, Rohit; Vinay, M; Jayasree, T; Ubedulla, Shaikh; Manohar, V S; Chandrasekhar, N

2011-09-01

The present study was undertaken to assess the availability of the essential medicines to the people of Kunijarla, Khammam district, AP. This was done in two steps: 1) Comparison of PHC-EML (primary health care essential medicines list) with AP-EML (Andhra Pradesh essential medicines list) and NEML (National essential medicines list); and 2) Assessment of availability of the listed medicines in adequate quantity to meet the needs of people of kunijarla. Results showed that the PHC-EML is on par with AP-EML and NEML. The hospital has 100% availability of the listed medicines; however, there was a need for certain add-on drugs like phenytoin tablets, valproic acid, and activated charcoal since they were prescribed frequently and were not included in PHC-EML. All the drugs which were listed in PHC-EML were being used and none were considered as non-utility supply. Suggestions were given for the revision of PHC-EML according to the criteria for identifying medicines for inclusion in the revised list which was mentioned in NEML.

The Chandra Source Catalog

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Evans, Ian; Primini, Francis A.; Glotfelty, Kenny J.; Anderson, Craig S.; Bonaventura, Nina R.; Chen, Judy C.; Davis, John E.; Doe, Stephen M.; Evans, Janet D.; Fabbiano, Giuseppina; Galle, Elizabeth C.; Gibbs, Danny G., II; Grier, John D.; Hain, Roger; Hall, Diane M.; Harbo, Peter N.; He, Xiang Qun (Helen); Houck, John C.; Karovska, Margarita; Kashyap, Vinay L.; Lauer, Jennifer; McCollough, Michael L.; McDowell, Jonathan C.; Miller, Joseph B.; Mitschang, Arik W.; Morgan, Douglas L.; Mossman, Amy E.; Nichols, Joy S.; Nowak, Michael A.; Plummer, David A.; Refsdal, Brian L.; Rots, Arnold H.; Siemiginowska, Aneta L.; Sundheim, Beth A.; Tibbetts, Michael S.; van Stone, David W.; Winkelman, Sherry L.; Zografou, Panagoula

2009-09-01

The first release of the Chandra Source Catalog (CSC) was published in 2009 March, and includes information about 94,676 X-ray sources detected in a subset of public ACIS imaging observations from roughly the first eight years of the Chandra mission. This release of the catalog includes point and compact sources with observed spatial extents <˜30''.The CSC is a general purpose virtual X-ray astrophysics facility that provides access to a carefully selected set of generally useful quantities for individual X-ray sources, and is designed to satisfy the needs of a broad-based group of scientists, including those who may be less familiar with astronomical data analysis in the X-ray regime.The catalog (1) provides access to the best estimates of the X-ray source properties for detected sources, with good scientific fidelity, and directly supports medium sophistication scientific analysis on using the individual source data; (2) facilitates analysis of a wide range of statistical properties for classes of X-ray sources; (3) provides efficient access to calibrated observational data and ancillary data products for individual X-ray sources, so that users can perform detailed further analysis using existing tools; and (4) includes real X-ray sources detected with flux significance greater than a predefined threshold, while maintaining the number of spurious sources at an acceptable level. For each detected X-ray source, the CSC provides commonly tabulated quantities, including source position, extent, multi-band fluxes, hardness ratios, and variability statistics, derived from the observations in which the source is detected. In addition to these traditional catalog elements, for each X-ray source the CSC includes an extensive set of file-based data products that can be manipulated interactively, including source images, event lists, light curves, and spectra from each observation in which a source is detected.

SI Units to be Used in Place of Imperial Units and Old Metric Units

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Australian Science Teachers Journal, 1975

1975-01-01

A table lists the following quantities in imperial units, old metric units, and SI units: mass, force, energy, torque, power, pressure, temperature, thermal conductivity, frequency, dynamic viscosity, and kinematic viscosity. (MLH)

10 CFR 37.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... discrete surface wastes resulting from uranium solution extraction processes. Underground ore bodies... the ratio of the total activity of each radionuclide to the category 1 threshold for that radionuclide and adding the ratios together. If the sum is equal to or exceeds 1, the quantity would be considered...

30 CFR 75.322 - Harmful quantities of noxious gases.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Section 75.322 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Ventilation § 75.322 Harmful... Governmental Industrial Hygienists in “Threshold Limit Values for Substance in Workroom Air” (1972). Detectors...

30 CFR 75.322 - Harmful quantities of noxious gases.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Section 75.322 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Ventilation § 75.322 Harmful... Governmental Industrial Hygienists in “Threshold Limit Values for Substance in Workroom Air” (1972). Detectors...

Network-level reproduction number and extinction threshold for vector-borne diseases.

PubMed

Xue, Ling; Scoglio, Caterina

2015-06-01

The basic reproduction number of deterministic models is an essential quantity to predict whether an epidemic will spread or not. Thresholds for disease extinction contribute crucial knowledge of disease control, elimination, and mitigation of infectious diseases. Relationships between basic reproduction numbers of two deterministic network-based ordinary differential equation vector-host models, and extinction thresholds of corresponding stochastic continuous-time Markov chain models are derived under some assumptions. Numerical simulation results for malaria and Rift Valley fever transmission on heterogeneous networks are in agreement with analytical results without any assumptions, reinforcing that the relationships may always exist and proposing a mathematical problem for proving existence of the relationships in general. Moreover, numerical simulations show that the basic reproduction number does not monotonically increase or decrease with the extinction threshold. Consistent trends of extinction probability observed through numerical simulations provide novel insights into mitigation strategies to increase the disease extinction probability. Research findings may improve understandings of thresholds for disease persistence in order to control vector-borne diseases.

Effect of threshold disorder on the quorum percolation model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Monceau, Pascal; Renault, Renaud; Métens, Stéphane; Bottani, Samuel

2016-07-01

We study the modifications induced in the behavior of the quorum percolation model on neural networks with Gaussian in-degree by taking into account an uncorrelated Gaussian thresholds variability. We derive a mean-field approach and show its relevance by carrying out explicit Monte Carlo simulations. It turns out that such a disorder shifts the position of the percolation transition, impacts the size of the giant cluster, and can even destroy the transition. Moreover, we highlight the occurrence of disorder independent fixed points above the quorum critical value. The mean-field approach enables us to interpret these effects in terms of activation probability. A finite-size analysis enables us to show that the order parameter is weakly self-averaging with an exponent independent on the thresholds disorder. Last, we show that the effects of the thresholds and connectivity disorders cannot be easily discriminated from the measured averaged physical quantities.

40 CFR 273.8 - Applicability-household and conditionally exempt small quantity generator waste.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... managing the wastes listed below may, at their option, manage them under the requirements of this part: (1... section together with universal waste regulated under this part must manage the commingled waste under the...

40 CFR 273.8 - Applicability-household and conditionally exempt small quantity generator waste.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... managing the wastes listed below may, at their option, manage them under the requirements of this part: (1... section together with universal waste regulated under this part must manage the commingled waste under the...

40 CFR 273.8 - Applicability-household and conditionally exempt small quantity generator waste.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... managing the wastes listed below may, at their option, manage them under the requirements of this part: (1... section together with universal waste regulated under this part must manage the commingled waste under the...

40 CFR 273.8 - Applicability-household and conditionally exempt small quantity generator waste.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... managing the wastes listed below may, at their option, manage them under the requirements of this part: (1... section together with universal waste regulated under this part must manage the commingled waste under the...

40 CFR 273.8 - Applicability-household and conditionally exempt small quantity generator waste.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... managing the wastes listed below may, at their option, manage them under the requirements of this part: (1... section together with universal waste regulated under this part must manage the commingled waste under the...

The effects of quantity and depth of processing on children's time perception.

PubMed

Arlin, M

1986-08-01

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of quantity and depth of processing on children's time perception. These experiments tested the appropriateness of two adult time-perception models (attentional and storage size) for younger ages. Children were given stimulus sets of equal time which varied by level of processing (deep/shallow) and quantity (list length). In the first experiment, 28 children in Grade 6 reproduced presentation times of various quantities of pictures under deep (living/nonliving categorization) or shallow (repeating label) conditions. Students also compared pairs of durations. In the second experiment, 128 children in Grades K, 2, 4, and 6 reproduced presentation times under similar conditions with three or six pictures and with deep or shallow processing requirements. Deep processing led to decreased estimation of time. Higher quantity led to increased estimation of time. Comparative judgments were influenced by quantity. The interaction between age and depth of processing was significant. Older children were more affected by depth differences than were younger children. Results were interpreted as supporting different aspects of each adult model as explanations of children's time perception. The processing effect supported the attentional model and the quantity effect supported the storage size model.

An Analysis of Internal Controls for DoD Contract Management

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-01

61 xiv THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK xv LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS BCA Business Case Analysis BPA ...indefinite quantity (IDIQ) and blanket purchase agreements ( BPA ), which can provide the government flexibility on ordering recurring requirements. Figure 5

Determination of the measurement threshold in gamma-ray spectrometry.

PubMed

Korun, M; Vodenik, B; Zorko, B

2017-03-01

In gamma-ray spectrometry the measurement threshold describes the lover boundary of the interval of peak areas originating in the response of the spectrometer to gamma-rays from the sample measured. In this sense it presents a generalization of the net indication corresponding to the decision threshold, which is the measurement threshold at the quantity value zero for a predetermined probability for making errors of the first kind. Measurement thresholds were determined for peaks appearing in the spectra of radon daughters 214 Pb and 214 Bi by measuring the spectrum 35 times under repeatable conditions. For the calculation of the measurement threshold the probability for detection of the peaks and the mean relative uncertainty of the peak area were used. The relative measurement thresholds, the ratios between the measurement threshold and the mean peak area uncertainty, were determined for 54 peaks where the probability for detection varied between some percent and about 95% and the relative peak area uncertainty between 30% and 80%. The relative measurement thresholds vary considerably from peak to peak, although the nominal value of the sensitivity parameter defining the sensitivity for locating peaks was equal for all peaks. At the value of the sensitivity parameter used, the peak analysis does not locate peaks corresponding to the decision threshold with the probability in excess of 50%. This implies that peaks in the spectrum may not be located, although the true value of the measurand exceeds the decision threshold. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

75 FR 1552 - Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-12

... Protection Agency RMP--Risk Management Program SSP--Site Security Plan STQ--Screening Threshold Quantity SVA... Protection Agency (EPA) under the Clean Air Act's Risk Management Program (RMP) for counting-- or excluding... Safety, Information, Site Security and Fuels Regulatory Relief Act, Public Law 106-40. Cf. 72 FR 65410...

75 FR 66188 - Sentencing Guidelines for United States Courts

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-27

...) by striking ``five kilograms of marihuana'' and inserting ``2 grams of cocaine base''; by inserting... required to trigger the 5-year mandatory minimum term of imprisonment was increased from 5 grams to 28 grams, and the quantity threshold required to trigger the 10-year mandatory minimum term of imprisonment...

41 CFR 102-35.20 - What definitions apply to GSA's personal property regulations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... determine its capitalization thresholds as discussed in Financial Accounting Standard Advisory Board (FASAB) Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standards No. 6 Accounting for Property, Plant and Equipment... an agency, along with a formal process to verify the condition, location, and quantity of such items...

Exploiting active subspaces to quantify uncertainty in the numerical simulation of the HyShot II scramjet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Constantine, P. G.; Emory, M.; Larsson, J.; Iaccarino, G.

2015-12-01

We present a computational analysis of the reactive flow in a hypersonic scramjet engine with focus on effects of uncertainties in the operating conditions. We employ a novel methodology based on active subspaces to characterize the effects of the input uncertainty on the scramjet performance. The active subspace identifies one-dimensional structure in the map from simulation inputs to quantity of interest that allows us to reparameterize the operating conditions; instead of seven physical parameters, we can use a single derived active variable. This dimension reduction enables otherwise infeasible uncertainty quantification, considering the simulation cost of roughly 9500 CPU-hours per run. For two values of the fuel injection rate, we use a total of 68 simulations to (i) identify the parameters that contribute the most to the variation in the output quantity of interest, (ii) estimate upper and lower bounds on the quantity of interest, (iii) classify sets of operating conditions as safe or unsafe corresponding to a threshold on the output quantity of interest, and (iv) estimate a cumulative distribution function for the quantity of interest.

Psychometrically equivalent bisyllabic words for speech recognition threshold testing in Vietnamese.

PubMed

Harris, Richard W; McPherson, David L; Hanson, Claire M; Eggett, Dennis L

2017-08-01

This study identified, digitally recorded, edited and evaluated 89 bisyllabic Vietnamese words with the goal of identifying homogeneous words that could be used to measure the speech recognition threshold (SRT) in native talkers of Vietnamese. Native male and female talker productions of 89 Vietnamese bisyllabic words were recorded, edited and then presented at intensities ranging from -10 to 20 dBHL. Logistic regression was used to identify the best words for measuring the SRT. Forty-eight words were selected and digitally edited to have 50% intelligibility at a level equal to the mean pure-tone average (PTA) for normally hearing participants (5.2 dBHL). Twenty normally hearing native Vietnamese participants listened to and repeated bisyllabic Vietnamese words at intensities ranging from -10 to 20 dBHL. A total of 48 male and female talker recordings of bisyllabic words with steep psychometric functions (>9.0%/dB) were chosen for the final bisyllabic SRT list. Only words homogeneous with respect to threshold audibility with steep psychometric function slopes were chosen for the final list. Digital recordings of bisyllabic Vietnamese words are now available for use in measuring the SRT for patients whose native language is Vietnamese.

Identification of Threshold Concepts for Biochemistry

PubMed Central

Green, David; Lewis, Jennifer E.; Lin, Sara; Minderhout, Vicky

2014-01-01

Threshold concepts (TCs) are concepts that, when mastered, represent a transformed understanding of a discipline without which the learner cannot progress. We have undertaken a process involving more than 75 faculty members and 50 undergraduate students to identify a working list of TCs for biochemistry. The process of identifying TCs for biochemistry was modeled on extensive work related to TCs across a range of disciplines and included faculty workshops and student interviews. Using an iterative process, we prioritized five concepts on which to focus future development of instructional materials. Broadly defined, the concepts are steady state, biochemical pathway dynamics and regulation, the physical basis of interactions, thermodynamics of macromolecular structure formation, and free energy. The working list presented here is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather is meant to identify a subset of TCs for biochemistry for which instructional and assessment tools for undergraduate biochemistry will be developed. PMID:25185234

Breaking up is hard to do: the economic impact of provisional funding contingent upon evidence development.

PubMed

Mortimer, Duncan; Li, Jing Jing; Watts, Jennifer; Harris, Anthony

2011-10-01

Funding contingent upon evidence development (FED) has recently been the subject of some considerable debate in the literature but relatively little has been made of its economic impact. We argue that FED has the potential to shorten the lag between innovation and access but may also (i) crowd-out more valuable interventions in situations in which there is a fixed dedicated budget; or (ii) lead to a de facto increase in the funding threshold and increased expenditure growth in situations in which the programme budget is open-ended. Although FED would typically entail periodic review of provisional or interim listings, it may prove difficult to withdraw funding even at cost/QALY ratios well in excess of current listing thresholds. Further consideration of the design and implementation of FED processes is therefore required to ensure that its introduction yields net benefits over existing processes.

US nonfuel mineral exploration: Selected findings for 1995-2009 from the USGS

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wilburn, David R.; Bleiwas, Donald I.

2012-01-01

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been systematically monitoring global nonfuel mineral exploration activities to anticipate the location and quantity of future nonfuel minerals supply for about 100 commodities, with an emphasis on precious and base metals. Since 1995, the USGS has developed an annual list of 100 noteworthy prospects that were considered to have a high level of potential for near-term development based on such criteria as intensity of drilling, level of capital investment, and size of resource. This study reviews the status of the U.S. sites included on these lists as of July 2011 and addresses domestic prospects not included on the lists that have come into production since 1995.

Technical guide on documentation requirements for open market contract acquisitions of information resources

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shaw, Asa L., Jr.; Kivett, William R.; Taylor, James Y.

1990-01-01

A guide is presented to assist requestors in formulating and submitting the required Complete Package for Information Resources (IR) acquisitions. Advance discussions with cognizant procurement personnel are strongly recommended for complex IR requirements or for those requestors new to the acquisition process. Open Market means the requirement either is not available on GSA Schedule Contract or exceeds the $300,000 threshold and/or the quantity Maximum Order Limitation of the GSA Schedule Contract. Only open market contract acquisitions (i.e., in excess of the $25,000 small purchase threshold), are addressed.

Dose conversion coefficients for electron exposure of the human eye lens

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Behrens, R.; Dietze, G.; Zankl, M.

2009-07-01

Recent epidemiological studies suggest a rather low dose threshold (below 0.5 Gy) for the induction of a cataract of the eye lens. Some other studies even assume that there is no threshold at all. Therefore, protection measures have to be optimized and current dose limits for the eye lens may be reduced in the future. Two questions arise from this situation: first, which dose quantity is related to the risk of developing a cataract, and second, which personal dose equivalent quantity is appropriate for monitoring this dose quantity. While the dose equivalent quantity Hp(0.07) has often been seen as being sufficiently accurate for monitoring the dose to the lens of the eye, this would be questionable in the case when the dose limits were reduced and, thus, it may be necessary to generally use the dose equivalent quantity Hp(3) for this purpose. The basis for a decision, however, must be the knowledge of accurate conversion coefficients from fluence to equivalent dose to the lens. This is especially important for low-penetrating radiation, for example, electrons. Formerly published values of conversion coefficients are based on quite simple models of the eye. In this paper, quite a sophisticated model of the eye including the inner structure of the lens was used for the calculations and precise conversion coefficients for electrons with energies between 0.2 MeV and 12 MeV, and for angles of radiation incidence between 0° and 45° are presented. Compared to the values adopted in 1996 by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), the new values are up to 1000 times smaller for electron energies below 1 MeV, nearly equal at 1 MeV and above 4 MeV, and by a factor of 1.5 larger at about 1.5 MeV electron energy.

Dose conversion coefficients for electron exposure of the human eye lens.

PubMed

Behrens, R; Dietze, G; Zankl, M

2009-07-07

Recent epidemiological studies suggest a rather low dose threshold (below 0.5 Gy) for the induction of a cataract of the eye lens. Some other studies even assume that there is no threshold at all. Therefore, protection measures have to be optimized and current dose limits for the eye lens may be reduced in the future. Two questions arise from this situation: first, which dose quantity is related to the risk of developing a cataract, and second, which personal dose equivalent quantity is appropriate for monitoring this dose quantity. While the dose equivalent quantity H(p)(0.07) has often been seen as being sufficiently accurate for monitoring the dose to the lens of the eye, this would be questionable in the case when the dose limits were reduced and, thus, it may be necessary to generally use the dose equivalent quantity H(p)(3) for this purpose. The basis for a decision, however, must be the knowledge of accurate conversion coefficients from fluence to equivalent dose to the lens. This is especially important for low-penetrating radiation, for example, electrons. Formerly published values of conversion coefficients are based on quite simple models of the eye. In this paper, quite a sophisticated model of the eye including the inner structure of the lens was used for the calculations and precise conversion coefficients for electrons with energies between 0.2 MeV and 12 MeV, and for angles of radiation incidence between 0 degrees and 45 degrees are presented. Compared to the values adopted in 1996 by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), the new values are up to 1000 times smaller for electron energies below 1 MeV, nearly equal at 1 MeV and above 4 MeV, and by a factor of 1.5 larger at about 1.5 MeV electron energy.

Monitoring the eye lens: which dose quantity is adequate?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Behrens, R.; Dietze, G.

2010-07-01

Recent epidemiological studies suggest a rather low dose threshold (below 0.5 Gy) for the induction of a cataract of the eye lens. Some other studies even assume that there is no threshold at all. Therefore, protection measures have to be optimized and current dose limits for the eye lens may be reduced in the future. The question of which personal dose equivalent quantity is appropriate for monitoring the dose to the eye lens arises from this situation. While in many countries dosemeters calibrated in terms of the dose equivalent quantity Hp(0.07) have been seen as being adequate for monitoring the dose to the eye lens, this might be questionable in the case of reduced dose limits and, thus, it may become necessary to use the dose equivalent quantity Hp(3) for this purpose. To discuss this question, the dose conversion coefficients for the equivalent dose of the eye lens (in the following eye lens dose) were determined for realistic photon and beta radiation fields and compared with the values of the corresponding conversion coefficients for the different operational quantities. The values obtained lead to the following conclusions: in radiation fields where most of the dose comes from photons, especially x-rays, it is appropriate to use dosemeters calibrated in terms of Hp(0.07) on a slab phantom, while in other radiation fields (dominated by beta radiation or unknown contributions of photon and beta radiation) dosemeters calibrated in terms of Hp(3) on a slab phantom should be used. As an alternative, dosemeters calibrated in terms of Hp(0.07) on a slab phantom could also be used; however, in radiation fields containing beta radiation with the end point energy near 1 MeV, an overestimation of the eye lens dose by up to a factor of 550 is possible.

Monitoring the eye lens: which dose quantity is adequate?

PubMed

Behrens, R; Dietze, G

2010-07-21

Recent epidemiological studies suggest a rather low dose threshold (below 0.5 Gy) for the induction of a cataract of the eye lens. Some other studies even assume that there is no threshold at all. Therefore, protection measures have to be optimized and current dose limits for the eye lens may be reduced in the future. The question of which personal dose equivalent quantity is appropriate for monitoring the dose to the eye lens arises from this situation. While in many countries dosemeters calibrated in terms of the dose equivalent quantity H(p)(0.07) have been seen as being adequate for monitoring the dose to the eye lens, this might be questionable in the case of reduced dose limits and, thus, it may become necessary to use the dose equivalent quantity H(p)(3) for this purpose. To discuss this question, the dose conversion coefficients for the equivalent dose of the eye lens (in the following eye lens dose) were determined for realistic photon and beta radiation fields and compared with the values of the corresponding conversion coefficients for the different operational quantities. The values obtained lead to the following conclusions: in radiation fields where most of the dose comes from photons, especially x-rays, it is appropriate to use dosemeters calibrated in terms of H(p)(0.07) on a slab phantom, while in other radiation fields (dominated by beta radiation or unknown contributions of photon and beta radiation) dosemeters calibrated in terms of H(p)(3) on a slab phantom should be used. As an alternative, dosemeters calibrated in terms of H(p)(0.07) on a slab phantom could also be used; however, in radiation fields containing beta radiation with the end point energy near 1 MeV, an overestimation of the eye lens dose by up to a factor of 550 is possible.

Urban Runoff and Combined Sewer Overflow.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Field, Richard; Gardner, Bradford B.

1978-01-01

Presents a literature review of wastewater treatment, covering publications of 1976-77. This review includes areas such as: (1) urban runoff quality and quantity; (2) urban hydrology; (3) management practices; and (4) combined sewer overflows. A list of 140 references is also presented. (HM)

Rubbish.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rathje, William L.

1989-01-01

Presents a historical perspective of garbage management, including an exploration of what is cited as myths about garbage that guide our thinking in dealing with solid waste disposal problems. A partial list of topics includes quantity of garbage, landfills, toxic wastes, technological fixes, economics, source reduction, resource recovery,…

19 CFR 351.409 - Differences in quantities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Customs Duties INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ANTIDUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING... the line of trade and market under consideration, the exporter or producer demonstrates that it has adhered to its price list. (e) Relationship to level of trade adjustment. If adjustments are claimed for...

Crossing statistics of laser light scattered through a nanofluid.

PubMed

Arshadi Pirlar, M; Movahed, S M S; Razzaghi, D; Karimzadeh, R

2017-09-01

In this paper, we investigate the crossing statistics of speckle patterns formed in the Fresnel diffraction region by a laser beam scattering through a nanofluid. We extend zero-crossing statistics to assess the dynamical properties of the nanofluid. According to the joint probability density function of laser beam fluctuation and its time derivative, the theoretical frameworks for Gaussian and non-Gaussian regimes are revisited. We count the number of crossings not only at zero level but also for all available thresholds to determine the average speed of moving particles. Using a probabilistic framework in determining crossing statistics, a priori Gaussianity is not essentially considered; therefore, even in the presence of deviation from Gaussian fluctuation, this modified approach is capable of computing relevant quantities, such as mean value of speed, more precisely. Generalized total crossing, which represents the weighted summation of crossings for all thresholds to quantify small deviation from Gaussian statistics, is introduced. This criterion can also manipulate the contribution of noises and trends to infer reliable physical quantities. The characteristic time scale for having successive crossings at a given threshold is defined. In our experimental setup, we find that increasing sample temperature leads to more consistency between Gaussian and perturbative non-Gaussian predictions. The maximum number of crossings does not necessarily occur at mean level, indicating that we should take into account other levels in addition to zero level to achieve more accurate assessments.

Comparing the ISO-recommended and the cumulative data-reduction algorithms in S-on-1 laser damage test by a reverse approach method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zorila, Alexandru; Stratan, Aurel; Nemes, George

2018-01-01

We compare the ISO-recommended (the standard) data-reduction algorithm used to determine the surface laser-induced damage threshold of optical materials by the S-on-1 test with two newly suggested algorithms, both named "cumulative" algorithms/methods, a regular one and a limit-case one, intended to perform in some respects better than the standard one. To avoid additional errors due to real experiments, a simulated test is performed, named the reverse approach. This approach simulates the real damage experiments, by generating artificial test-data of damaged and non-damaged sites, based on an assumed, known damage threshold fluence of the target and on a given probability distribution function to induce the damage. In this work, a database of 12 sets of test-data containing both damaged and non-damaged sites was generated by using four different reverse techniques and by assuming three specific damage probability distribution functions. The same value for the threshold fluence was assumed, and a Gaussian fluence distribution on each irradiated site was considered, as usual for the S-on-1 test. Each of the test-data was independently processed by the standard and by the two cumulative data-reduction algorithms, the resulting fitted probability distributions were compared with the initially assumed probability distribution functions, and the quantities used to compare these algorithms were determined. These quantities characterize the accuracy and the precision in determining the damage threshold and the goodness of fit of the damage probability curves. The results indicate that the accuracy in determining the absolute damage threshold is best for the ISO-recommended method, the precision is best for the limit-case of the cumulative method, and the goodness of fit estimator (adjusted R-squared) is almost the same for all three algorithms.

Identification and classification of carcinogens: procedures of the Chemical Substances Threshold Limit Value Committee, ACGIH. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.

PubMed Central

Spirtas, R; Steinberg, M; Wands, R C; Weisburger, E K

1986-01-01

The Chemical Substances Threshold Limit Value Committee of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists has refined its procedures for evaluating carcinogens. Types of epidemiologic and toxicologic evidence used are reviewed and a discussion is presented on how the Committee evaluates data on carcinogenicity. Although it has not been conclusively determined whether biological thresholds exist for all types of carcinogens, the Committee will continue to develop guidelines for permissible exposures to carcinogens. The Committee will continue to use the safety factor approach to setting Threshold Limit Values for carcinogens, despite its shortcomings. A compilation has been developed for lists of substances considered to be carcinogenic by several scientific groups. The Committee will use this information to help to identify and classify carcinogens for its evaluation. PMID:3752326

Identification and classification of carcinogens: procedures of the Chemical Substances Threshold Limit Value Committee, ACGIH. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Spirtas, R.; Steinberg, M.; Wands, R.C.

1986-10-01

The Chemical Substances Threshold Limit Value Committee of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists has refined its procedures for evaluating carcinogens. Types of epidemiologic and toxicologic evidence used are reviewed and a discussion is presented on how the Committee evaluates data on carcinogenicity. Although it has not been conclusively determined whether biological thresholds exist for all types of carcinogens, the Committee will continue to develop guidelines for permissible exposures to carcinogens. The Committee will continue to use the safety factor approach to setting Threshold Limit Values for carcinogens, despite its shortcomings. A compilation has been developed for lists ofmore » substances considered to be carcinogenic by several scientific groups. The Committee will use this information to help to identify and classify carcinogens for its evaluation.« less

Parameters and symbols for use in nuclear magnetic resonance (IUPAC recommendations 1997).

PubMed

Harris, R K; Kowalewski, J; Cabral de Menezes, S

1998-01-01

NMR is now frequently the technique of choice for the determination of chemical structure in solution. Its uses also span structure in solids and mobility at the molecular level in all phases. The research literature in the subject is vast and ever-increasing. Unfortunately, many articles do not contain sufficient information for experiments to be repeated elsewhere, and there are many variations in the usage of symbols for the same physical quantity. It is the aim of the present recommendations to provide simple check-lists that will enable such problems to be minimised in a way that is consistent with general IUPAC formulation. The area of medical NMR and imaging is not specifically addressed in these recommendations, which are principally aimed at the mainstream use of NMR by chemists (of all sub-disciplines) and by many physicists, biologists, materials scientists and geologists etc. working with NMR. The document presents recommended notation for use in journal publications involving a significant contribution of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The recommendations are in two parts: (1) Experimental parameters which should be listed so that the work in question can be repeated elsewhere. (2) A list of symbols (using Roman or Greek characters) to be used for quantities relevant to NMR.

14 CFR 420.63 - Explosive siting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Explosive siting. 420.63 Section 420.63 Aeronautics and Space COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION, FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... launch site boundary; (2) A listing of the maximum quantities of liquid and solid propellants and other...

14 CFR 420.63 - Explosive siting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Explosive siting. 420.63 Section 420.63 Aeronautics and Space COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION, FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... launch site boundary; (2) A listing of the maximum quantities of liquid and solid propellants and other...

14 CFR 420.63 - Explosive siting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Explosive siting. 420.63 Section 420.63 Aeronautics and Space COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION, FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... launch site boundary; (2) A listing of the maximum quantities of liquid and solid propellants and other...

76 FR 5830 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-02

... quantities of the listed controlled substances as radiolabeled compounds for biochemical research. No... classes of controlled substances is consistent with the public interest at this time. DEA has investigated... public interest. The investigation has included inspection and testing of the company's physical security...

77 FR 71831 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection; Comments Requested: Application...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-04

... Quota for a Basic Class of Controlled Substance and for Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, and... Basic Class of Controlled Substance and for Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, and Phenylpropanolamine (DEA... quantity of such class, or who desires to manufacture using the List I chemicals ephedrine, pseudoephedrine...

Statistical distribution of amino acid sequences: a proof of Darwinian evolution.

PubMed

Eitner, Krystian; Koch, Uwe; Gaweda, Tomasz; Marciniak, Jedrzej

2010-12-01

The article presents results of the listing of the quantity of amino acids, dipeptides and tripeptides for all proteins available in the UNIPROT-TREMBL database and the listing for selected species and enzymes. UNIPROT-TREMBL contains protein sequences associated with computationally generated annotations and large-scale functional characterization. Due to the distinct metabolic pathways of amino acid syntheses and their physicochemical properties, the quantities of subpeptides in proteins vary. We have proved that the distribution of amino acids, dipeptides and tripeptides is statistical which confirms that the evolutionary biodiversity development model is subject to the theory of independent events. It seems interesting that certain short peptide combinations occur relatively rarely or even not at all. First, it confirms the Darwinian theory of evolution and second, it opens up opportunities for designing pharmaceuticals among rarely represented short peptide combinations. Furthermore, an innovative approach to the mass analysis of bioinformatic data is presented. eitner@amu.edu.pl Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Interstellar matter in early-type galaxies. I. The catalog

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Roberts, M.S.; Hogg, D.E.; Bregman, J.N.

1991-03-01

A catalog is given of the currently available measurements of interstellar matter in the 467 early-type galaxies listed in the second edition of the Revised Shapley-Ames Catalog of Bright Galaxies. The morphological type range is E, SO, and Sa. The ISM tracers are emission in the following bands: IRAS 100 micron, X-ray, radio, neutral hydrogen, and carbon monoxide. Nearly two-thirds of the Es and SOs have been detected in one or more of these tracers. Additional observed quantities that are tabulated include: magnitude, colors, radial velocity, central velocity dispersion, maximum of the rotation curve, angular size, 60 micron flux, andmore » supernovae. Qualitative statements as to the presence of dust or emission lines, when available in the literature, are given. Quantities derivative from the observed values are also listed and include masses of H I, CO, X-ray gas, and dust as well as an estimate of the total mass and mass-to-luminosity ratio of the individual galaxies. 204 refs.« less

The Hare and the Tortoise: Emphasizing Speed Can Change the Evidence Used to Make Decisions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rae, Babette; Heathcote, Andrew; Donkin, Chris; Averell, Lee; Brown, Scott

2014-01-01

Decision-makers effortlessly balance the need for urgency against the need for caution. Theoretical and neurophysiological accounts have explained this tradeoff solely in terms of the "quantity" of evidence required to trigger a decision (the "threshold"). This explanation has also been used as a benchmark test for evaluating…

Optimizing interconnections to maximize the spectral radius of interdependent networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Huashan; Zhao, Xiuyan; Liu, Feng; Xu, Shouhuai; Lu, Wenlian

2017-03-01

The spectral radius (i.e., the largest eigenvalue) of the adjacency matrices of complex networks is an important quantity that governs the behavior of many dynamic processes on the networks, such as synchronization and epidemics. Studies in the literature focused on bounding this quantity. In this paper, we investigate how to maximize the spectral radius of interdependent networks by optimally linking k internetwork connections (or interconnections for short). We derive formulas for the estimation of the spectral radius of interdependent networks and employ these results to develop a suite of algorithms that are applicable to different parameter regimes. In particular, a simple algorithm is to link the k nodes with the largest k eigenvector centralities in one network to the node in the other network with a certain property related to both networks. We demonstrate the applicability of our algorithms via extensive simulations. We discuss the physical implications of the results, including how the optimal interconnections can more effectively decrease the threshold of epidemic spreading in the susceptible-infected-susceptible model and the threshold of synchronization of coupled Kuramoto oscillators.

Three-body DD{pi} dynamics for the X(3872)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Baru, V.; Filin, A. A.; Hanhart, C.

2011-10-01

We investigate the role played by the three-body DD{pi} dynamics on the near-threshold resonance X(3872) charmonium state, which is assumed to be formed by nonperturbative DD{sup *} dynamics. It is demonstrated that, as compared to the naive static-pions approximation, the imaginary parts that originate from the inclusion of dynamical pions reduce substantially the width from the DD{pi} intermediate state. In particular, for a resonance peaked at 0.5 MeV below the D{sup 0}D{sup *0} threshold, this contribution to the width is reduced by about a factor of 2, and the effect of the pion dynamics on the width grows as longmore » as the resonance is shifted towards the D{sup 0}D{sup 0{pi}0} threshold. Although the physical width of the X is dominated by inelastic channels, our finding should still be of importance for the X line shapes in the DD{pi} channel below DD{sup *} threshold. For example, in the scattering length approximation, the imaginary part of the scattering length includes effects of all the pion dynamics and does not only stem from the D{sup *} width. Meanwhile, we find that another important quantity for the X phenomenology, the residue at the X pole, is weakly sensitive to dynamical pions. In particular, we find that the binding energy dependence of this quantity from the full calculation is close to that found from a model with pointlike DD{sup *} interactions only, consistent with earlier claims. Coupled-channel effects (inclusion of the charged DD{sup *} channel) turn out to have a moderate impact on the results.« less

48 CFR 225.7501 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... only domestic end products for use outside the United States, and use only domestic construction material for construction to be performed outside the United States, including end products and... simplified acquisition threshold; (2) The end product or particular construction material is— (i) Listed in...

48 CFR 225.7501 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... only domestic end products for use outside the United States, and use only domestic construction material for construction to be performed outside the United States, including end products and... simplified acquisition threshold; (2) The end product or particular construction material is— (i) Listed in...

48 CFR 225.7501 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... only domestic end products for use outside the United States, and use only domestic construction material for construction to be performed outside the United States, including end products and... simplified acquisition threshold; (2) The end product or particular construction material is— (i) Listed in...

48 CFR 225.7501 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... only domestic end products for use outside the United States, and use only domestic construction material for construction to be performed outside the United States, including end products and... simplified acquisition threshold; (2) The end product or particular construction material is— (i) Listed in...

Probabilistic Deviation Detection and Optimal Thresholds

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-01

27 List of Figures Figure 1: A screenshot of the StarCraft Brood War videogame ...War videogame StarCraft is used as the domain for the case-based planning research conducted in the DEEP project. StarCraft was selected for a number

40 CFR 63.2855 - How do I determine the quantity of oilseed processed?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Solvent Extraction for... following an operating month, you must determine the tons as received of each listed oilseed processed for...

40 CFR 63.2855 - How do I determine the quantity of oilseed processed?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Solvent Extraction for... following an operating month, you must determine the tons as received of each listed oilseed processed for...

40 CFR 63.2855 - How do I determine the quantity of oilseed processed?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Solvent Extraction for... following an operating month, you must determine the tons as received of each listed oilseed processed for...

75 FR 9614 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-03

... manufacturer of the basic classes of controlled substances listed in schedule I: Drug Schedule Marihuana (7360) I Tetrahydrocannabinols (7370) I The company plans to manufacture small quantities of marihuana derivatives for research purposes. In reference to drug code 7360 (Marihuana), the company plans to bulk...

75 FR 64744 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Application

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-20

... manufacturer of the basic classes of controlled substances listed in schedule I: Drug Schedule Marihuana (7360) I Tetrahydrocannabinols (7370) I The company plans to manufacture small quantities of marihuana derivatives for research purposes. In reference to drug code 7360 (Marihuana), the company plans to bulk...

IAEA Sampling Plan

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Geist, William H.

2017-09-15

The objectives for this presentation are to describe the method that the IAEA uses to determine a sampling plan for nuclear material measurements; describe the terms detection probability and significant quantity; list the three nuclear materials measurement types; describe the sampling method applied to an item facility; and describe multiple method sampling.

PySE: Python Source Extractor for radio astronomical images

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spreeuw, Hanno; Swinbank, John; Molenaar, Gijs; Staley, Tim; Rol, Evert; Sanders, John; Scheers, Bart; Kuiack, Mark

2018-05-01

PySE finds and measures sources in radio telescope images. It is run with several options, such as the detection threshold (a multiple of the local noise), grid size, and the forced clean beam fit, followed by a list of input image files in standard FITS or CASA format. From these, PySe provides a list of found sources; information such as the calculated background image, source list in different formats (e.g. text, region files importable in DS9), and other data may be saved. PySe can be integrated into a pipeline; it was originally written as part of the LOFAR Transient Detection Pipeline (TraP, ascl:1412.011).

Water-resources investigations in North Dakota; fiscal year 1984

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hall, L.A.; Kuzniar, R.K.

1984-01-01

The U.S. Geological Survey, through its Water Resources Division, investigates the occurrence, quantity, quality, distribution, and movement of the surface and underground water that composes the Nation's water resources. This publication contains a brief description of the ongoing investigations of the North Dakota District.Much of the Geological Survey program is conducted in cooperation with other Federal agencies and several state agencies. The publications resulting from the program are listed periodically in a miscellaneous release titled, "Water Resources Investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey, 19XX." The last such release was issued in 1982. They are also listed in a monthly nationwide release titled, "New Publications of the Geological Survey, List XXX--Publications issued in month 19XX."

The enigma of inhaled salbutamol and sport: unresolved after 45 years.

PubMed

Fitch, Ken D

2017-07-01

During the past 45 years, there have been more changes on the World Anti-Doping Agency's (WADA) Prohibited List (the List) to the status of inhaled salbutamol than any other substance. With 658 athletes, 6.1% of all participating athletes approved to inhale salbutamol at the 2008 Beijing Games, it is one of the medications used most frequently by Olympic athletes. Nevertheless, since the 2008 Games, WADA has made numerous changes to inhaled salbutamol on the List including prohibiting its use, then a year later permitting it without prior notification and recommending a pharmacokinetic study if an athlete exceeds the urinary threshold of 1000 ng/mL. Recently, an elite athlete undertook two pharmacokinetic studies and the results have raised several questions. These include whether WADA should continue to permit nebulized salbutamol as an acceptable method of inhalation and there is some justification for nebulized salbutamol to be prohibited in sport. Another question is whether the modified advisory on salbutamol in the 2017 List appropriately informs athletes of the risks of exceeding the urinary threshold and the recent changes may not inform athletes optimally. Finally, concern is expressed at the persistent failure of WADA to apply a correction down to a specific gravity of 1.020 when an exogenous substance is identified in the urine of a dehydrated athlete. It is recommended that this should be implemented. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

DISTRIBUTION OF SEDIMENT MERCURY CONCENTRATIONS IN THE HUMBOLDT RIVER WATERSHED

EPA Science Inventory

In 1998 the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) required the mining industry to list all releases to the environment exceeding the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) reporting threshold. Mining activities in Arizona, California and Nevada accounted for approx...

Basic list of veterinary medical serials, third edition: using a decision matrix to update the core list of veterinary journals.

PubMed

Ugaz, Ana G; Boyd, C Trenton; Croft, Vicki F; Carrigan, Esther E; Anderson, Katherine M

2010-10-01

This paper presents the methods and results of a study designed to produce the third edition of the "Basic List of Veterinary Medical Serials," which was established by the Veterinary Medical Libraries Section in 1976 and last updated in 1986. A set of 238 titles were evaluated using a decision matrix in order to systematically assign points for both objective and subjective criteria and determine an overall score for each journal. Criteria included: coverage in four major indexes, scholarly impact rank as tracked in two sources, identification as a recommended journal in preparing for specialty board examinations, and a veterinary librarian survey rating. Of the 238 titles considered, a minimum scoring threshold determined the 123 (52%) journals that constituted the final list. The 36 subject categories represented on the list include general and specialty disciplines in veterinary medicine. A ranked list of journals and a list by subject category were produced. Serials appearing on the third edition of the "Basic List of Veterinary Medical Serials" met expanded objective measures of quality and impact as well as subjective perceptions of value by both librarians and veterinary practitioners.

Basic list of veterinary medical serials, third edition: using a decision matrix to update the core list of veterinary journals

PubMed Central

Ugaz, Ana G; Boyd, C. Trenton; Croft, Vicki F; Carrigan, Esther E; Anderson, Katherine M

2010-01-01

Objective: This paper presents the methods and results of a study designed to produce the third edition of the “Basic List of Veterinary Medical Serials,” which was established by the Veterinary Medical Libraries Section in 1976 and last updated in 1986. Methods: A set of 238 titles were evaluated using a decision matrix in order to systematically assign points for both objective and subjective criteria and determine an overall score for each journal. Criteria included: coverage in four major indexes, scholarly impact rank as tracked in two sources, identification as a recommended journal in preparing for specialty board examinations, and a veterinary librarian survey rating. Results: Of the 238 titles considered, a minimum scoring threshold determined the 123 (52%) journals that constituted the final list. The 36 subject categories represented on the list include general and specialty disciplines in veterinary medicine. A ranked list of journals and a list by subject category were produced. Conclusion: Serials appearing on the third edition of the “Basic List of Veterinary Medical Serials” met expanded objective measures of quality and impact as well as subjective perceptions of value by both librarians and veterinary practitioners. PMID:20936066

Development of equally intelligible Telugu sentence-lists to test speech recognition in noise.

PubMed

Tanniru, Kishore; Narne, Vijaya Kumar; Jain, Chandni; Konadath, Sreeraj; Singh, Niraj Kumar; Sreenivas, K J Ramadevi; K, Anusha

2017-09-01

To develop sentence lists in the Telugu language for the assessment of speech recognition threshold (SRT) in the presence of background noise through identification of the mean signal-to-noise ratio required to attain a 50% sentence recognition score (SRTn). This study was conducted in three phases. The first phase involved the selection and recording of Telugu sentences. In the second phase, 20 lists, each consisting of 10 sentences with equal intelligibility, were formulated using a numerical optimisation procedure. In the third phase, the SRTn of the developed lists was estimated using adaptive procedures on individuals with normal hearing. A total of 68 native Telugu speakers with normal hearing participated in the study. Of these, 18 (including the speakers) performed on various subjective measures in first phase, 20 performed on sentence/word recognition in noise for second phase and 30 participated in the list equivalency procedures in third phase. In all, 15 lists of comparable difficulty were formulated as test material. The mean SRTn across these lists corresponded to -2.74 (SD = 0.21). The developed sentence lists provided a valid and reliable tool to measure SRTn in Telugu native speakers.

The survey and criterion of the compass rose in Chinese A-share market

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tian, Wenzhao; Wang, Yanxiang; Huo, Zhao; Li, Yilin

2018-02-01

The compass rose is one of the few "recurring patterns" found in financial markets. In this paper, the compass rose in Chinese A-share market is comprehensively investigated. It is newly discovered that among the 1331 A-shares, which had been listed for more than 15 years by the end of 2015, only about 20 show the compass rose. The outcome of the analysis shows that there exists a threshold of the ratio of the data points on main rays to all data points. Only when this ratio is above the threshold, the compass rose appears. The reasons why such a threshold exists, and its interrelationship with the data frequency and the tick/volatility ratio are analyzed.

76 FR 37283 - Hazardous Materials: Revision to the List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-27

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration 49 CFR Part... under the Federal hazardous materials transportation law (49 U.S.C. 5101-5128). PHMSA carries out the rulemaking responsibilities of the Secretary of Transportation under the Federal hazardous materials...

The Separatory Cylinder: A Novel Solvent Extraction System for the Study of Chemical Equilibrium in Solution.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cwikel, Dori; And Others

1986-01-01

Dicusses the use of the separatory cylinder in student laboratory experiments for investigating equilibrium distribution of a solute between immiscible phases. Describes the procedures for four sets of experiments of this nature. Lists of materials needed and quantities of reagents are provided. (TW)

77 FR 2302 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Antimicrobial...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-17

... and quantities exported; and (3) a listing of the target animals, indications, and production classes... Number Firm Name Dosage Form(s) Production Class(es) Animal Species--Food Animal or Food and Non-Food...] Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Antimicrobial Animal Drug...

75 FR 22012 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 12-Month Finding on a Petition to List Susan's...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-27

... sedimentation associated with intensive livestock grazing can have a profound effect on aquatic... caddisfly's habitat downstream through vegetation removal, erosion, and subsequent downstream sedimentation... vegetation and reducing sedimentation, but may negatively impact water quantity (see ``Dewatering of Spring...

77 FR 60179 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 12-Month Petition Finding, Listing of the Spring...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-02

... fluctuating water levels and temperature changes. The incremental and cumulative groundwater recharge effects... quality parameters such as oxygen and temperature, along with changes in water quantity, such as increased... effects in fish species, affecting the immune system, hormone regulation, reproduction, and developmental...

40 CFR 63.2855 - How do I determine the quantity of oilseed processed?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Solvent Extraction for Vegetable Oil... operating month, you must determine the tons as received of each listed oilseed processed for the operating...

21 CFR 73.355 - Phaffia yeast.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...), not more than 10 parts per million. Astaxanthin, not less than 0.4 percent. (c) Uses and restrictions... fish. (2) The quantity of astaxanthin in finished feed, from phaffia yeast when used alone or in combination with other astaxanthin color additive sources listed in this part 73, shall not exceed 80...

21 CFR 73.355 - Phaffia yeast.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...), not more than 10 parts per million. Astaxanthin, not less than 0.4 percent. (c) Uses and restrictions... fish. (2) The quantity of astaxanthin in finished feed, from phaffia yeast when used alone or in combination with other astaxanthin color additive sources listed in this part 73, shall not exceed 80...

21 CFR 73.355 - Phaffia yeast.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...), not more than 10 parts per million. Astaxanthin, not less than 0.4 percent. (c) Uses and restrictions... fish. (2) The quantity of astaxanthin in finished feed, from phaffia yeast when used alone or in combination with other astaxanthin color additive sources listed in this part 73, shall not exceed 80...

21 CFR 73.355 - Phaffia yeast.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...), not more than 10 parts per million. Astaxanthin, not less than 0.4 percent. (c) Uses and restrictions... fish. (2) The quantity of astaxanthin in finished feed, from phaffia yeast when used alone or in combination with other astaxanthin color additive sources listed in this part 73, shall not exceed 80...

21 CFR 73.355 - Phaffia yeast.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...), not more than 10 parts per million. Astaxanthin, not less than 0.4 percent. (c) Uses and restrictions... fish. (2) The quantity of astaxanthin in finished feed, from phaffia yeast when used alone or in combination with other astaxanthin color additive sources listed in this part 73, shall not exceed 80...

25 CFR 214.3 - Corporate information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ENERGY AND MINERALS LEASING OF OSAGE RESERVATION LANDS... showing compliance with local corporation laws in duplicate; a list of all stockholders, with their post..., or, if paid in property, kind, quantity, and value of the same. (b) Of the stock sold, how much per...

25 CFR 214.3 - Corporate information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ENERGY AND MINERALS LEASING OF OSAGE RESERVATION LANDS... showing compliance with local corporation laws in duplicate; a list of all stockholders, with their post..., or, if paid in property, kind, quantity, and value of the same. (b) Of the stock sold, how much per...

16 CFR 238.3 - Discouragement of purchase of advertised merchandise.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... product offered in accordance with the terms of the offer, (b) The disparagement by acts or words of the advertised product or the disparagement of the guarantee, credit terms, availability of service, repairs or... listed in the advertisement a sufficient quantity of the advertised product to meet reasonably...

THE SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF LEAD ON DOMESTIC AND WILD ANIMALS

EPA Science Inventory

Small quantities of lead, a ubiquitous and toxic element, may be found in practically all species of plants and animals. The list of animals, both domestic and wild, reportedly intoxicated by lead is impressive. The sources of lead poisoning vary with species of animals. Lead bas...

46 CFR 153.907 - Cargo information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... exposed to the cargo. (7) A list of fire fighting procedures and extinguishing agents effective with cargo fires. (8) Shipper's name. (9) Loading point. (10) Approximate quantity of cargo. (11) Tank in which the... of these two tables. (2) The name of the cargo prescribed in the letter authorizing carriage of the...

46 CFR 153.907 - Cargo information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... exposed to the cargo. (7) A list of fire fighting procedures and extinguishing agents effective with cargo fires. (8) Shipper's name. (9) Loading point. (10) Approximate quantity of cargo. (11) Tank in which the... of these two tables. (2) The name of the cargo prescribed in the letter authorizing carriage of the...

46 CFR 153.907 - Cargo information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... exposed to the cargo. (7) A list of fire fighting procedures and extinguishing agents effective with cargo fires. (8) Shipper's name. (9) Loading point. (10) Approximate quantity of cargo. (11) Tank in which the... of these two tables. (2) The name of the cargo prescribed in the letter authorizing carriage of the...

10 CFR Appendix I to Part 73 - Category 1 and 2 Radioactive Materials

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Category 1 and 2 Radioactive Materials I Appendix I to.... 73, App. I Appendix I to Part 73—Category 1 and 2 Radioactive Materials Table I-1—Quantities of Concern Threshold Limits Radionuclides Category 1 Terabecquerels(TBq) Curies(Ci) 1 Category 2...

10 CFR Appendix I to Part 73 - Category 1 and 2 Radioactive Materials

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Category 1 and 2 Radioactive Materials I Appendix I to.... 73, App. I Appendix I to Part 73—Category 1 and 2 Radioactive Materials Table I-1—Quantities of Concern Threshold Limits Radionuclides Category 1 Terabecquerels(TBq) Curies(Ci) 1 Category 2...

An der Schwelle zur Zweisprachigkeit: Fremdsprachenunterricht fur Fortgeschrittene (On the Threshold of Bilingualism: Foreign Language Learning for Advanced Students).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kubler, Silvia, Ed.; Portmann, Paul R., Ed.

1994-01-01

This collection of articles on Bilingualism includes: "Fremdsprachenunterricht fur Fortgeschrittene: ein Uberblick" (Foreign Language Learning for Advanced Students: An Overview) (Paul R. Portmann); "Never Mind the Width, Feel the Quality: From Quantity to Quality in Language Teaching at Advanced Levels" (Mike Makosch); "Irren ist menschlich: Ein…

Spatial but Not Temporal Numerosity Thresholds Correlate with Formal Math Skills in Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anobile, Giovanni; Arrighi, Roberto; Castaldi, Elisa; Grassi, Eleonora; Pedonese, Lara; Moscoso, Paula A. M.; Burr, David C.

2018-01-01

Humans and other animals are able to make rough estimations of quantities using what has been termed the "approximate number system" (ANS). Much evidence suggests that sensitivity to numerosity correlates with symbolic math capacity, leading to the suggestion that the ANS may serve as a start-up tool to develop symbolic math. Many…

Active Learning and Threshold Concepts in Multiple Testing That Can Further Develop Student Critical Statistical Thinking

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

White, Desley

2015-01-01

Two practical activities are described, which aim to support critical thinking about statistics as they concern multiple outcomes testing. Formulae are presented in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets, which are used to calculate the inflation of error associated with the quantity of tests performed. This is followed by a decision-making exercise, where…

Speech perception at positive signal-to-noise ratios using adaptive adjustment of time compression.

PubMed

Schlueter, Anne; Brand, Thomas; Lemke, Ulrike; Nitzschner, Stefan; Kollmeier, Birger; Holube, Inga

2015-11-01

Positive signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) characterize listening situations most relevant for hearing-impaired listeners in daily life and should therefore be considered when evaluating hearing aid algorithms. For this, a speech-in-noise test was developed and evaluated, in which the background noise is presented at fixed positive SNRs and the speech rate (i.e., the time compression of the speech material) is adaptively adjusted. In total, 29 younger and 12 older normal-hearing, as well as 24 older hearing-impaired listeners took part in repeated measurements. Younger normal-hearing and older hearing-impaired listeners conducted one of two adaptive methods which differed in adaptive procedure and step size. Analysis of the measurements with regard to list length and estimation strategy for thresholds resulted in a practical method measuring the time compression for 50% recognition. This method uses time-compression adjustment and step sizes according to Versfeld and Dreschler [(2002). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 111, 401-408], with sentence scoring, lists of 30 sentences, and a maximum likelihood method for threshold estimation. Evaluation of the procedure showed that older participants obtained higher test-retest reliability compared to younger participants. Depending on the group of listeners, one or two lists are required for training prior to data collection.

78 FR 37701 - Airworthiness Directives; Pilatus Aircraft Ltd. Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-24

... Airworthiness Limitations Document (ALS), depending on the aeroplane model. These documents include the... of maintenance instructions and/or airworthiness limitations in accordance with Pilatus PC-6 ALS...-6 ALS (Number 02334) issue 3 to introduce a threshold for replacement of previously not listed Flap...

FRBCAT: The Fast Radio Burst Catalogue

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Petroff, E.; Barr, E. D.; Jameson, A.; Keane, E. F.; Bailes, M.; Kramer, M.; Morello, V.; Tabbara, D.; van Straten, W.

2016-09-01

Here, we present a catalogue of known Fast Radio Burst sources in the form of an online catalogue, FRBCAT. The catalogue includes information about the instrumentation used for the observations for each detected burst, the measured quantities from each observation, and model-dependent quantities derived from observed quantities. To aid in consistent comparisons of burst properties such as width and signal-to-noise ratios, we have re-processed all the bursts for which we have access to the raw data, with software which we make available. The originally derived properties are also listed for comparison. The catalogue is hosted online as a Mysql database which can also be downloaded in tabular or plain text format for off-line use. This database will be maintained for use by the community for studies of the Fast Radio Burst population as it grows.

Percolation thresholds and fractal dimensions for square and cubic lattices with long-range correlated defects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zierenberg, Johannes; Fricke, Niklas; Marenz, Martin; Spitzner, F. P.; Blavatska, Viktoria; Janke, Wolfhard

2017-12-01

We study long-range power-law correlated disorder on square and cubic lattices. In particular, we present high-precision results for the percolation thresholds and the fractal dimension of the largest clusters as a function of the correlation strength. The correlations are generated using a discrete version of the Fourier filtering method. We consider two different metrics to set the length scales over which the correlations decay, showing that the percolation thresholds are highly sensitive to such system details. By contrast, we verify that the fractal dimension df is a universal quantity and unaffected by the choice of metric. We also show that for weak correlations, its value coincides with that for the uncorrelated system. In two dimensions we observe a clear increase of the fractal dimension with increasing correlation strength, approaching df→2 . The onset of this change does not seem to be determined by the extended Harris criterion.

New method to evaluate the 7Li(p, n)7Be reaction near threshold

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Herrera, María S.; Moreno, Gustavo A.; Kreiner, Andrés J.

2015-04-01

In this work a complete description of the 7Li(p, n)7Be reaction near threshold is given using center-of-mass and relative coordinates. It is shown that this standard approach, not used before in this context, leads to a simple mathematical representation which gives easy access to all relevant quantities in the reaction and allows a precise numerical implementation. It also allows in a simple way to include proton beam-energy spread affects. The method, implemented as a C++ code, was validated both with numerical and experimental data finding a good agreement. This tool is also used here to analyze scattered published measurements such as (p, n) cross sections, differential and total neutron yields for thick targets. Using these data we derive a consistent set of parameters to evaluate neutron production near threshold. Sensitivity of the results to data uncertainty and the possibility of incorporating new measurements are also discussed.

Radiation Dose-Volume Effects in the Stomach and Small Bowel

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kavanagh, Brian D., E-mail: Brian.Kavanagh@ucdenver.ed; Pan, Charlie C.; Dawson, Laura A.

2010-03-01

Published data suggest that the risk of moderately severe (>=Grade 3) radiation-induced acute small-bowel toxicity can be predicted with a threshold model whereby for a given dose level, D, if the volume receiving that dose or greater (VD) exceeds a threshold quantity, the risk of toxicity escalates. Estimates of VD depend on the means of structure segmenting (e.g., V15 = 120 cc if individual bowel loops are outlined or V45 = 195 cc if entire peritoneal potential space of bowel is outlined). A similar predictive model of acute toxicity is not available for stomach. Late small-bowel/stomach toxicity is likely relatedmore » to maximum dose and/or volume threshold parameters qualitatively similar to those related to acute toxicity risk. Concurrent chemotherapy has been associated with a higher risk of acute toxicity, and a history of abdominal surgery has been associated with a higher risk of late toxicity.« less

Scaling properties of ballistic nano-transistors

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Recently, we have suggested a scale-invariant model for a nano-transistor. In agreement with experiments a close-to-linear thresh-old trace was found in the calculated ID - VD-traces separating the regimes of classically allowed transport and tunneling transport. In this conference contribution, the relevant physical quantities in our model and its range of applicability are discussed in more detail. Extending the temperature range of our studies it is shown that a close-to-linear thresh-old trace results at room temperatures as well. In qualitative agreement with the experiments the ID - VG-traces for small drain voltages show thermally activated transport below the threshold gate voltage. In contrast, at large drain voltages the gate-voltage dependence is weaker. As can be expected in our relatively simple model, the theoretical drain current is larger than the experimental one by a little less than a decade. PMID:21711899

Effect of a preventive vaccine on the dynamics of HIV transmission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gumel, A. B.; Moghadas, S. M.; Mickens, R. E.

2004-12-01

A deterministic mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of HIV infection in the presence of a preventive vaccine is considered. Although the equilibria of the model could not be expressed in closed form, their existence and threshold conditions for their stability are theoretically investigated. It is shown that the disease-free equilibrium is locally-asymptotically stable if the basic reproductive number R<1 (thus, HIV disease can be eradicated from the community) and unstable if R>1 (leading to the persistence of HIV within the community). A robust, positivity-preserving, non-standard finite-difference method is constructed and used to solve the model equations. In addition to showing that the anti-HIV vaccine coverage level and the vaccine-induced protection are critically important in reducing the threshold quantity R, our study predicts the minimum threshold values of vaccine coverage and efficacy levels needed to eradicate HIV from the community.

46 CFR 194.15-15 - Chemicals other than compressed gases.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Chemicals other than compressed gases. 194.15-15 Section... Scientific Laboratory § 194.15-15 Chemicals other than compressed gases. Chemicals, including those listed in 49 CFR part 172, may be stored in small working quantities in the chemical laboratory. [CGD 86-033...

21 CFR 1306.13 - Partial filling of prescriptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... listed in Schedule II is permissible, if the pharmacist is unable to supply the full quantity called for... remaining portion is not or cannot be filled within the 72-hour period, the pharmacist shall so notify the... patient may be classified as having a terminal illness, the pharmacist must contact the practitioner prior...

EXPOSURE DOSE REPONSE MODELING FOR THE EFFECTS OF HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS ON HEALTH: TRICHLOROETHYLENE

EPA Science Inventory

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a neurotoxic volatile organic compound (VOC) that is produced in large quantities as a degreasing agent and general solvent, and it appears on the list of 188 HAPs specified by the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. TCE was selected as a model VOC for de...

21 CFR 73.575 - Titanium dioxide.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... and that are listed in this subpart as safe in color additive mixtures for coloring foods, and the... coloring foods generally, subject to the following restrictions: (1) The quantity of titanium dioxide does... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Titanium dioxide. 73.575 Section 73.575 Food and...

21 CFR 73.575 - Titanium dioxide.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... and that are listed in this subpart as safe in color additive mixtures for coloring foods, and the... coloring foods generally, subject to the following restrictions: (1) The quantity of titanium dioxide does... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Titanium dioxide. 73.575 Section 73.575 Food and...

Electricity restructuring and nuclear power renewal in Ontario: A glossary and list of acronyms. Backgrounder Number 13

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yeager, L.; Mills, C.

1997-12-31

This glossary is arranged in alphabetical order in three sections: Electrical planning and generation terms; electrical power and nuclear generation acronyms and abbreviations; and radiological quantities and units. The glossary provides a handy reference for those interested in policy issues involving the electricity sector.

Regression sampling: some results for resource managers and researchers

Treesearch

William G. O' Regan; Robert W. Boyd

1974-01-01

Regression sampling is widely used in natural resources management and research to estimate quantities of resources per unit area. This note brings together results found in the statistical literature in the application of this sampling technique. Conditional and unconditional estimators are listed and for each estimator, exact variances and unbiased estimators for the...

40 CFR 60.2740 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units Model Rule-Recordkeeping and Reporting § 60.2740... downtime associated with zero and span and other routine calibration checks). Identify the operating... listed in § 60.2660(a). (m) On a daily basis, keep a log of the quantity of waste burned and the types of...

40 CFR 60.2175 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units for Which Construction Is Commenced After November 30, 1999 or for... downtime associated with zero and span and other routine calibration checks). Identify the operating... listed in § 60.2095(a). (n) On a daily basis, keep a log of the quantity of waste burned and the types of...

40 CFR 60.2175 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units for Which Construction Is Commenced After November 30, 1999 or for... downtime associated with zero and span and other routine calibration checks). Identify the operating... listed in § 60.2095(a). (n) On a daily basis, keep a log of the quantity of waste burned and the types of...

40 CFR 60.2175 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units for Which Construction Is Commenced After November 30, 1999 or for... downtime associated with zero and span and other routine calibration checks). Identify the operating... listed in § 60.2095(a). (n) On a daily basis, keep a log of the quantity of waste burned and the types of...

21 CFR 1314.20 - Restrictions on sales quantity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... single calendar day sell any purchaser more than 3.6 grams of ephedrine base, 3.6 grams of pseudoephedrine base, or 3.6 grams of phenylpropanolamine base in scheduled listed chemical products. (b) A mobile retail vendor may not in any 30-day period sell an individual purchaser more than 7.5 grams of ephedrine...

21 CFR 1314.20 - Restrictions on sales quantity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... single calendar day sell any purchaser more than 3.6 grams of ephedrine base, 3.6 grams of pseudoephedrine base, or 3.6 grams of phenylpropanolamine base in scheduled listed chemical products. (b) A mobile retail vendor may not in any 30-day period sell an individual purchaser more than 7.5 grams of ephedrine...

21 CFR 1314.20 - Restrictions on sales quantity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... single calendar day sell any purchaser more than 3.6 grams of ephedrine base, 3.6 grams of pseudoephedrine base, or 3.6 grams of phenylpropanolamine base in scheduled listed chemical products. (b) A mobile retail vendor may not in any 30-day period sell an individual purchaser more than 7.5 grams of ephedrine...

21 CFR 1314.20 - Restrictions on sales quantity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... single calendar day sell any purchaser more than 3.6 grams of ephedrine base, 3.6 grams of pseudoephedrine base, or 3.6 grams of phenylpropanolamine base in scheduled listed chemical products. (b) A mobile retail vendor may not in any 30-day period sell an individual purchaser more than 7.5 grams of ephedrine...

21 CFR 1314.20 - Restrictions on sales quantity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... single calendar day sell any purchaser more than 3.6 grams of ephedrine base, 3.6 grams of pseudoephedrine base, or 3.6 grams of phenylpropanolamine base in scheduled listed chemical products. (b) A mobile retail vendor may not in any 30-day period sell an individual purchaser more than 7.5 grams of ephedrine...

What About Metric? 1977 Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barbrow, Louis E.

The conversion to the metric system of measurement and resulting advantages over the English system are discussed. Names of metric units are listed along with the multiplication factors indicated by their prefixes. A comparison of the major units of both systems using everyday quantities and sizes is made and a guide for estimating the most common…

46 CFR 194.15-15 - Chemicals other than compressed gases.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Chemicals other than compressed gases. 194.15-15 Section... Scientific Laboratory § 194.15-15 Chemicals other than compressed gases. Chemicals, including those listed in 49 CFR part 172, may be stored in small working quantities in the chemical laboratory. [CGD 86-033...

46 CFR 194.15-15 - Chemicals other than compressed gases.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Chemicals other than compressed gases. 194.15-15 Section... Scientific Laboratory § 194.15-15 Chemicals other than compressed gases. Chemicals, including those listed in 49 CFR part 172, may be stored in small working quantities in the chemical laboratory. [CGD 86-033...

Using a Sequence Homology-Based Predictive Strategy to Address Current Demands for Focused Toxicity Testing in Ecological Risk Assessment

EPA Science Inventory

The lack of resources available for comprehensive toxicity testing, international interest in limiting the quantity of animals used in testing, and a mounting list of anthropogenic chemicals produced world-wide have led to the exploration of innovative means for identifying chemi...

75 FR 4418 - Mr. Checkout North Texas; Admonition of Registrant

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-27

... traffickers use people who engage in a practice known as ``smurfing.'' GX 16, at 6; Tr. 18. This practice... quantities of non-prescriptions drugs. Id. at 2. The Order further alleged that the specific list I chemical... * * * the validity of Mr. Robbin's methodology and the applicability of the underlying data he uses have...

27 CFR 24.250 - Application for use of new treating material or process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... from the testing program conducted by the chemical manufacturer demonstrating the function of the material or process; (7) A list of all chemicals used in compounding the treating material and the quantity... manufacturer or supplier of the treating material or process may be forwarded by the manufacturer or supplier...

27 CFR 24.250 - Application for use of new treating material or process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... from the testing program conducted by the chemical manufacturer demonstrating the function of the material or process; (7) A list of all chemicals used in compounding the treating material and the quantity... manufacturer or supplier of the treating material or process may be forwarded by the manufacturer or supplier...

27 CFR 24.250 - Application for use of new treating material or process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... from the testing program conducted by the chemical manufacturer demonstrating the function of the material or process; (7) A list of all chemicals used in compounding the treating material and the quantity... manufacturer or supplier of the treating material or process may be forwarded by the manufacturer or supplier...

27 CFR 24.250 - Application for use of new treating material or process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... from the testing program conducted by the chemical manufacturer demonstrating the function of the material or process; (7) A list of all chemicals used in compounding the treating material and the quantity... manufacturer or supplier of the treating material or process may be forwarded by the manufacturer or supplier...

Screening organic chemicals in commerce for emissions in the context of environmental and human exposure.

PubMed

Breivik, Knut; Arnot, Jon A; Brown, Trevor N; McLachlan, Michael S; Wania, Frank

2012-08-01

Quantitative knowledge of organic chemical release into the environment is essential to understand and predict human exposure as well as to develop rational control strategies for any substances of concern. While significant efforts have been invested to characterize and screen organic chemicals for hazardous properties, relatively less effort has been directed toward estimating emissions and hence also risks. Here, a rapid throughput method to estimate emissions of discrete organic chemicals in commerce has been developed, applied and evaluated to support screening studies aimed at ranking and identifying chemicals of potential concern. The method builds upon information in the European Union Technical Guidance Document and utilizes information on quantities in commerce (production and/or import rates), chemical function (use patterns) and physical-chemical properties to estimate emissions to air, soil and water within the OECD for five stages of the chemical life-cycle. The method is applied to 16,029 discrete substances (identified by CAS numbers) from five national and international high production volume lists. As access to consistent input data remains fragmented or even impossible, particular attention is given to estimating, evaluating and discussing uncertainties in the resulting emission scenarios. The uncertainty for individual substances typically spans 3 to 4 orders of magnitude for this initial tier screening method. Information on uncertainties in emissions is useful as any screening or categorization methods which solely rely on threshold values are at risk of leading to a significant number of either false positives or false negatives. A limited evaluation of the screening method's estimates for a sub-set of about 100 substances, compared against independent and more detailed emission scenarios presented in various European Risk Assessment Reports, highlights that up-to-date and accurate information on quantities in commerce as well as a detailed breakdown on chemical function are critically needed for developing more realistic emission scenarios.

LinkImputeR: user-guided genotype calling and imputation for non-model organisms.

PubMed

Money, Daniel; Migicovsky, Zoë; Gardner, Kyle; Myles, Sean

2017-07-10

Genomic studies such as genome-wide association and genomic selection require genome-wide genotype data. All existing technologies used to create these data result in missing genotypes, which are often then inferred using genotype imputation software. However, existing imputation methods most often make use only of genotypes that are successfully inferred after having passed a certain read depth threshold. Because of this, any read information for genotypes that did not pass the threshold, and were thus set to missing, is ignored. Most genomic studies also choose read depth thresholds and quality filters without investigating their effects on the size and quality of the resulting genotype data. Moreover, almost all genotype imputation methods require ordered markers and are therefore of limited utility in non-model organisms. Here we introduce LinkImputeR, a software program that exploits the read count information that is normally ignored, and makes use of all available DNA sequence information for the purposes of genotype calling and imputation. It is specifically designed for non-model organisms since it requires neither ordered markers nor a reference panel of genotypes. Using next-generation DNA sequence (NGS) data from apple, cannabis and grape, we quantify the effect of varying read count and missingness thresholds on the quantity and quality of genotypes generated from LinkImputeR. We demonstrate that LinkImputeR can increase the number of genotype calls by more than an order of magnitude, can improve genotyping accuracy by several percent and can thus improve the power of downstream analyses. Moreover, we show that the effects of quality and read depth filters can differ substantially between data sets and should therefore be investigated on a per-study basis. By exploiting DNA sequence data that is normally ignored during genotype calling and imputation, LinkImputeR can significantly improve both the quantity and quality of genotype data generated from NGS technologies. It enables the user to quickly and easily examine the effects of varying thresholds and filters on the number and quality of the resulting genotype calls. In this manner, users can decide on thresholds that are most suitable for their purposes. We show that LinkImputeR can significantly augment the value and utility of NGS data sets, especially in non-model organisms with poor genomic resources.

[Key-point investigation list of traditional Chinese medicinal materials for national survey of Chinese material medica resources].

PubMed

Zhang, Xiao-Bo; Guo, Lan-Ping; Zhang, Yan; Zhou, Liang-Yun; Huang, Lu-Qi

2014-04-01

Base on the traditional Chinese medicinal materials list that include Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, Dao-di Herbs, the common used herbs, endangered species, to analyze the key-point investigation traditional Chinese medicinal materials list was analysed. Results displayed that the variety number of traditional Chinese medicinal materials in Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China is 894, the variety number of Dao-di Herbs is 495, the variety number of the common use is 326, the variety number of traditional Chinese medicinal materials from endangered species is 280, and during the third national survey of Chinese material medica resources the variety number of traditional Chinese medicinal materials that were analysed is 360. In the list of Dao-di Herbs and common used herbs over 85% are in the list of Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, in the list of the common used herbs over 80% are in the list of Dao-di Herbs, in the list of Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China and Dao-di Herbs over 10% are in the list of endangered species. The key-point investigation traditional Chinese medicinal materials list includes three part, the first part includes 563 variery traditional Chinese medicinal materials that need to statistics quantity of resource by field investigation, the second part includes 457 variery that need to monitor the changing situation, the third part includes 280 variery that need to estimated endangered situation.

77 FR 67847 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated; Notice of Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-14

... ex-dividend.\\5\\ Dividend strategy transactions are only executed by Market-Makers. The Exchange... Sliding Scale volume thresholds. However, because only Market- Makers execute dividend strategy trades and... from the list of strategy executions for which fee caps apply. Under the Exchange's current Fees...

76 FR 68376 - Recoupment of Nonrecurring Costs (NCs) on Sales of U.S. Items

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-04

... expenditures for machine tools, capital equipment, or facilities for which contractor rental payments are made.... Major defense equipment. Any item of significant military equipment on the United States Munitions List... the major defense equipment dollar threshold for research, development, test, and evaluation shall be...

A novel gene network inference algorithm using predictive minimum description length approach.

PubMed

Chaitankar, Vijender; Ghosh, Preetam; Perkins, Edward J; Gong, Ping; Deng, Youping; Zhang, Chaoyang

2010-05-28

Reverse engineering of gene regulatory networks using information theory models has received much attention due to its simplicity, low computational cost, and capability of inferring large networks. One of the major problems with information theory models is to determine the threshold which defines the regulatory relationships between genes. The minimum description length (MDL) principle has been implemented to overcome this problem. The description length of the MDL principle is the sum of model length and data encoding length. A user-specified fine tuning parameter is used as control mechanism between model and data encoding, but it is difficult to find the optimal parameter. In this work, we proposed a new inference algorithm which incorporated mutual information (MI), conditional mutual information (CMI) and predictive minimum description length (PMDL) principle to infer gene regulatory networks from DNA microarray data. In this algorithm, the information theoretic quantities MI and CMI determine the regulatory relationships between genes and the PMDL principle method attempts to determine the best MI threshold without the need of a user-specified fine tuning parameter. The performance of the proposed algorithm was evaluated using both synthetic time series data sets and a biological time series data set for the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The benchmark quantities precision and recall were used as performance measures. The results show that the proposed algorithm produced less false edges and significantly improved the precision, as compared to the existing algorithm. For further analysis the performance of the algorithms was observed over different sizes of data. We have proposed a new algorithm that implements the PMDL principle for inferring gene regulatory networks from time series DNA microarray data that eliminates the need of a fine tuning parameter. The evaluation results obtained from both synthetic and actual biological data sets show that the PMDL principle is effective in determining the MI threshold and the developed algorithm improves precision of gene regulatory network inference. Based on the sensitivity analysis of all tested cases, an optimal CMI threshold value has been identified. Finally it was observed that the performance of the algorithms saturates at a certain threshold of data size.

Earthquake detection through computationally efficient similarity search

PubMed Central

Yoon, Clara E.; O’Reilly, Ossian; Bergen, Karianne J.; Beroza, Gregory C.

2015-01-01

Seismology is experiencing rapid growth in the quantity of data, which has outpaced the development of processing algorithms. Earthquake detection—identification of seismic events in continuous data—is a fundamental operation for observational seismology. We developed an efficient method to detect earthquakes using waveform similarity that overcomes the disadvantages of existing detection methods. Our method, called Fingerprint And Similarity Thresholding (FAST), can analyze a week of continuous seismic waveform data in less than 2 hours, or 140 times faster than autocorrelation. FAST adapts a data mining algorithm, originally designed to identify similar audio clips within large databases; it first creates compact “fingerprints” of waveforms by extracting key discriminative features, then groups similar fingerprints together within a database to facilitate fast, scalable search for similar fingerprint pairs, and finally generates a list of earthquake detections. FAST detected most (21 of 24) cataloged earthquakes and 68 uncataloged earthquakes in 1 week of continuous data from a station located near the Calaveras Fault in central California, achieving detection performance comparable to that of autocorrelation, with some additional false detections. FAST is expected to realize its full potential when applied to extremely long duration data sets over a distributed network of seismic stations. The widespread application of FAST has the potential to aid in the discovery of unexpected seismic signals, improve seismic monitoring, and promote a greater understanding of a variety of earthquake processes. PMID:26665176

Optimizing repeat liver transplant graft utility through strategic matching of donor and recipient characteristics.

PubMed

Hung, Kenneth; Gralla, Jane; Dodge, Jennifer L; Bambha, Kiran M; Dirchwolf, Melisa; Rosen, Hugo R; Biggins, Scott W

2015-11-01

Repeat liver transplantation (LT) is controversial because of inferior outcomes versus primary LT. A minimum 1-year expected post-re-LT survival of 50% has been proposed. We aimed to identify combinations of Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD), donor risk index (DRI), and recipient characteristics achieving this graft survival threshold. We identified re-LT recipients listed in the United States from March 2002 to January 2010 with > 90 days between primary LT and listing for re-LT. Using Cox regression, we estimated the expected probability of 1-year graft survival and identified combinations of MELD, DRI, and recipient characteristics attaining >50% expected 1-year graft survival. Re-LT recipients (n = 1418) had a median MELD of 26 and median age of 52 years. Expected 1-year graft survival exceeded 50% regardless of MELD or DRI in Caucasian recipients who were not infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) of all ages and Caucasian HCV-infected recipients <50 years old. As age increased in HCV-infected Caucasian and non-HCV-infected African American recipients, lower MELD scores or lower DRI grafts were needed to attain the graft survival threshold. As MELD scores increased in HCV-infected African American recipients, lower-DRI livers were required to achieve the graft survival threshold. Use of high-DRI livers (>1.44) in HCV-infected recipients with a MELD score > 26 at re-LT failed to achieve the graft survival threshold with recipient age ≥ 60 years (any race), as well as at age ≥ 50 years for Caucasians and at age < 50 years for African Americans. Strategic donor selection can achieve >50% expected 1-year graft survival even in high-risk re-LT recipients (HCV infected, older age, African American race, high MELD scores). Low-risk transplant recipients (age < 50 years, non-HCV-infected) can achieve the survival threshold with varying DRI and MELD scores. © 2015 American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.

Development of a Zulu speech reception threshold test for Zulu first language speakers in Kwa Zulu-Natal.

PubMed

Panday, Seema; Kathard, Harsha; Pillay, Mershen; Govender, Cyril

2007-01-01

The measurement of speech reception threshold (SRT) is best evaluated in an individual's first language. The present study focused on the development of a Zulu SRT word list, according to adapted criteria for SRT in Zulu. The aim of this paper is to present the process involved in the development of the Zulu word list. In acquiring the data to realize this aim, 131 common bisyllabic Zulu words were identified by two Zulu speaking language interpreters and two tertiary level educators. Eighty two percent of these words were described as bisyllabic verbs. Thereafter using a three point Likert scale, 58 bisyllabic verbs were rated by 5 linguistic experts as being familiar, phonetically dissimilar and being low tone verbs. According to the Kendall's co-efficient of concordance at 95% level of confidence the agreement among the raters was good for each criterion. The results highlighted the importance of adapting the criteria for SRT to suit the structure of the language. An important research implication emerging from the study is the theoretical guidelines proposed for the development of SRT material in other African Languages. Furthermore, the importance of using speech material appropriate to the language has also being highlighted. The developed SRT word list in Zulu is applicable to the adult Zulu First Language Speaker in KZN.

The good, the bad and the plenty: interactive effects of food quality and quantity on the growth of different Daphnia species.

PubMed

Bukovinszky, Tibor; Verschoor, Antonie M; Helmsing, Nico R; Bezemer, T Martijn; Bakker, Elisabeth S; Vos, Matthijs; de Senerpont Domis, Lisette N

2012-01-01

Effects of food quality and quantity on consumers are neither independent nor interchangeable. Although consumer growth and reproduction show strong variation in relation to both food quality and quantity, the effects of food quality or food quantity have usually been studied in isolation. In two experiments, we studied the growth and reproduction in three filter-feeding freshwater zooplankton species, i.e. Daphnia galeata x hyalina, D. pulicaria and D. magna, on their algal food (Scenedesmus obliquus), varying in carbon to phosphorus (C∶P) ratios and quantities (concentrations). In the first experiment, we found a strong positive effect of the phosphorus content of food on growth of Daphnia, both in their early and late juvenile development. Variation in the relationship between the P-content of animals and their growth rate reflected interspecific differences in nutrient requirements. Although growth rates typically decreased as development neared maturation, this did not affect these species-specific couplings between growth rate and Daphnia P-content. In the second experiment, we examined the effects of food quality on Daphnia growth at different levels of food quantity. With the same decrease in P-content of food, species with higher estimated P-content at zero growth showed a larger increase in threshold food concentrations (i.e. food concentration sufficient to meet metabolic requirements but not growth). These results suggest that physiological processes such as maintenance and growth may in combination explain effects of food quality and quantity on consumers. Our study shows that differences in response to variation in food quality and quantity exist between species. As a consequence, species-specific effects of food quality on consumer growth will also determine how species deal with varying food levels, which has implications for resource-consumer interactions.

The Good, the Bad and the Plenty: Interactive Effects of Food Quality and Quantity on the Growth of Different Daphnia Species

PubMed Central

Bukovinszky, Tibor; Verschoor, Antonie M.; Helmsing, Nico R.; Bezemer, T. Martijn; Bakker, Elisabeth S.; Vos, Matthijs; de Senerpont Domis, Lisette N.

2012-01-01

Effects of food quality and quantity on consumers are neither independent nor interchangeable. Although consumer growth and reproduction show strong variation in relation to both food quality and quantity, the effects of food quality or food quantity have usually been studied in isolation. In two experiments, we studied the growth and reproduction in three filter-feeding freshwater zooplankton species, i.e. Daphnia galeata x hyalina, D. pulicaria and D. magna, on their algal food (Scenedesmus obliquus), varying in carbon to phosphorus (C∶P) ratios and quantities (concentrations). In the first experiment, we found a strong positive effect of the phosphorus content of food on growth of Daphnia, both in their early and late juvenile development. Variation in the relationship between the P-content of animals and their growth rate reflected interspecific differences in nutrient requirements. Although growth rates typically decreased as development neared maturation, this did not affect these species-specific couplings between growth rate and Daphnia P-content. In the second experiment, we examined the effects of food quality on Daphnia growth at different levels of food quantity. With the same decrease in P-content of food, species with higher estimated P-content at zero growth showed a larger increase in threshold food concentrations (i.e. food concentration sufficient to meet metabolic requirements but not growth). These results suggest that physiological processes such as maintenance and growth may in combination explain effects of food quality and quantity on consumers. Our study shows that differences in response to variation in food quality and quantity exist between species. As a consequence, species-specific effects of food quality on consumer growth will also determine how species deal with varying food levels, which has implications for resource-consumer interactions. PMID:23049734

Water Quality Trends in the Entiat River Watershed: 2007–2010

Treesearch

Richard D. Woodsmith; Pamela K. Wilkins; Andy Bookter

2013-01-01

A large, multiagency effort is underway in the interior Columbia River basin (ICRB) to restore salmon, trout, and char listed as threatened or endangered under the 1973 federal Endangered Species Act. Water quantity and quality are widely recognized as important components of habitat for these depleted salmonid populations. There is also broad concern about...

19 CFR 122.48a - Electronic information for air cargo required in advance of arrival.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... data for incoming cargo that is listed in paragraph (d)(2) of this section: (i) An Automated Broker... based on the smallest external packing unit (M) (for example, 2 pallets containing 50 pieces each would... quantity based on the smallest external packing unit (M) (for example, 2 pallets containing 50 pieces each...

19 CFR 122.48a - Electronic information for air cargo required in advance of arrival.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... data for incoming cargo that is listed in paragraph (d)(2) of this section: (i) An Automated Broker... based on the smallest external packing unit (M) (for example, 2 pallets containing 50 pieces each would... quantity based on the smallest external packing unit (M) (for example, 2 pallets containing 50 pieces each...

19 CFR 122.48a - Electronic information for air cargo required in advance of arrival.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... data for incoming cargo that is listed in paragraph (d)(2) of this section: (i) An Automated Broker... based on the smallest external packing unit (M) (for example, 2 pallets containing 50 pieces each would... quantity based on the smallest external packing unit (M) (for example, 2 pallets containing 50 pieces each...

NASA-GIT predoctoral design training program. [systems and mechanical engineering

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

The training program is discussed briefly, and the quantity and quality of academic achievement of those students who were supported by the traineeships are summarized. Dissertations which were completed or on which substantial progress was made are listed, along with a short description of the activities and status of each of the former trainees.

16 CFR 500.16 - Measurement of container type commodities, how expressed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... be used as containers for other materials or objects, such as bags, cups, boxes, and pans, shall be...) For circular or other generally round shaped containers, except cups, and the like, in terms of count... quantity statement for containers such as cups will be listed in terms of count and liquid capacity per...

16 CFR 500.16 - Measurement of container type commodities, how expressed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... be used as containers for other materials or objects, such as bags, cups, boxes, and pans, shall be...) For circular or other generally round shaped containers, except cups, and the like, in terms of count... quantity statement for containers such as cups will be listed in terms of count and liquid capacity per...

Toward Balanced Growth: Quantity With Quality

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Executive Office of the President, Washington, DC.

This report by National Goals Research Staff, established by President Nixon, is designed not as a listing of specific national goals to be sought but as a springboard for discussion and an aid to decision. It does not presume to say what our choices should be. Rather, it defines the questions, analyzes the debates, and examines the alternative…

10 CFR Appendix A to Part 625 - Standard Sales Provisions

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... of the NS will be publicized on the Fossil Energy web page http://www.fe.doe.gov/programs/reserves... authorized to do so, in the form of corporate minutes, the Authorized Signature List, or the General... information will be provided to DOE by the offeror on the SPR on-line offer form: (1) Maximum MLI Quantity...

10 CFR Appendix A to Part 625 - Standard Sales Provisions

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... of the NS will be publicized on the Fossil Energy web page http://www.fe.doe.gov/programs/reserves... authorized to do so, in the form of corporate minutes, the Authorized Signature List, or the General... information will be provided to DOE by the offeror on the SPR on-line offer form: (1) Maximum MLI Quantity...

10 CFR Appendix A to Part 625 - Standard Sales Provisions

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... of the NS will be publicized on the Fossil Energy web page http://www.fe.doe.gov/programs/reserves... authorized to do so, in the form of corporate minutes, the Authorized Signature List, or the General... information will be provided to DOE by the offeror on the SPR on-line offer form: (1) Maximum MLI Quantity...

10 CFR Appendix A to Part 625 - Standard Sales Provisions

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... of the NS will be publicized on the Fossil Energy web page http://www.fe.doe.gov/programs/reserves... authorized to do so, in the form of corporate minutes, the Authorized Signature List, or the General... information will be provided to DOE by the offeror on the SPR on-line offer form: (1) Maximum MLI Quantity...

10 CFR Appendix A to Part 625 - Standard Sales Provisions

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... of the NS will be publicized on the Fossil Energy web page http://www.fe.doe.gov/programs/reserves... authorized to do so, in the form of corporate minutes, the Authorized Signature List, or the General... information will be provided to DOE by the offeror on the SPR on-line offer form: (1) Maximum MLI Quantity...

40 CFR 82.4 - Prohibitions for class I controlled substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... not listed as a Party to the 1987 Montreal Protocol unless that foreign state is complying with the 1987 Montreal Protocol (See appendix C, annex 2 of this subpart); (2) Import or export any quantity of... to this subpart, from any foreign state not Party to the 1987 Montreal Protocol (as noted in appendix...

40 CFR 82.4 - Prohibitions for class I controlled substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... not listed as a Party to the 1987 Montreal Protocol unless that foreign state is complying with the 1987 Montreal Protocol (See appendix C, annex 2 of this subpart); (2) Import or export any quantity of... to this subpart, from any foreign state not Party to the 1987 Montreal Protocol (as noted in appendix...

Kilowatt Counter: A Consumer's Guide to Energy Concepts, Quantities, and Uses.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Friend, Gil; Morris, David

This booklet is a basic introduction to energy and energy usage. The first chapter discusses various forms of energy and how they are measured and converted from one to another with a unit conversion chart included. Tables and figures list annual energy requirements of household electrical appliances and energy requirements for houses with various…

77 FR 26281 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Registration and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-03

..., paper, filter, or other part of each tobacco product by brand or by quantity in each brand and subbrand... developed paper forms (Form FDA 3742-- Registration and Listing for Owners and Operators of [[Page 26283... an alternative submission tool. Both the eSubmitter application and the paper forms can be accessed...

The T-100-12.8 family of cogeneration steam turbines: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Valamin, A. E.; Kultyshev, A. Yu.; Shibaev, T. L.; Sakhnin, Yu. A.; Stepanov, M. Yu.

2013-08-01

The T-100-12.8 turbine and its versions, a type of cogeneration steam turbines that is among best known, unique, and most widely used ones in Russia and abroad, are considered. A list of turbine design versions and quantities in which they were produced, their technical and economic indicators, design features, schematic solutions used in different design versions, and a list of solutions available in a comprehensive portfolio offered for modernizing type T-100-12.8 turbines are presented. Information about amounts in which turbines of the last version are supplied currently and supposed to be supplied soon is given.

Visions for a Pan-European digital data infrastructure for groundwater quantity and quality data relevant for implementation of the Water Framework Directive.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hinsby, Klaus; Broers, Hans Peter

2014-05-01

The EU Water Framework and Groundwater Directives stipulate that EU member states (MS) should ensure good groundwater chemical and quantitative by 2015. For the assessment of good chemical status the MS have to establish Natural Background Levels (NBLs) and Threshold Values (TVs) for groundwater bodies at risk and compare current concentration levels to these. In addition the MS shall ensure trend reversals in cases where contaminants or water levels show critical increasing or decreasing trends. The EU MS have to demonstrate that the quantitative and chemical status of its groundwater bodies does not put drinking water, ecosystems or other legitimate uses at risk. Easy on-line access to relevant visualizations of groundwater quality and quantity data of e.g. nitrate, chloride, arsenic and water tables in Europe's major aquifer types compiled from national databases would be of great importance for managers, authorities and scientists conducting risk and status assessments. The Water Resources Expert Group of the EuroGeoSurveys propose to develop Pan-European interactive on-line digital maps and visualizations of concentrations levels and trends, as well as calculated natural background levels and threshold values for the most important aquifer types of Europe mainly derived based on principles established in the former EU project "BRIDGE" - Background cRiteria for the IDentification of Groundwater Thresholds. Further, we propose to develop Pan-European digital and dynamic maps and cross sections in close collaboration with ecologists, which delineate dependent or associated terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems across Europe where groundwater quantity and quality plays a significant role in sustaining good ecological status of the ecosystem, and where the water resources and ecosystems are most vulnerable to climate change. Finally, integrated water resources management requires integrated consideration of both deep and shallow groundwater and surface water issues and interaction. It is therefore proposed to map regions of Europe that use coupled groundwater-surface water models in integrated water resources and river basin management. In the presentation we will show selected examples of data visualizations of importance to integrated water resources and river basin management and the implementation of the Water Framework Directive.

On the Reproduction Number of a Gut Microbiota Model.

PubMed

Barril, Carles; Calsina, Àngel; Ripoll, Jordi

2017-11-01

A spatially structured linear model of the growth of intestinal bacteria is analysed from two generational viewpoints. Firstly, the basic reproduction number associated with the bacterial population, i.e. the expected number of daughter cells per bacterium, is given explicitly in terms of biological parameters. Secondly, an alternative quantity is introduced based on the number of bacteria produced within the intestine by one bacterium originally in the external media. The latter depends on the parameters in a simpler way and provides more biological insight than the standard reproduction number, allowing the design of experimental procedures. Both quantities coincide and are equal to one at the extinction threshold, below which the bacterial population becomes extinct. Optimal values of both reproduction numbers are derived assuming parameter trade-offs.

75 FR 38915 - Removal of Thresholds for the List I Chemicals Pseudoephedrine and Phenylpropanolamine

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-07

... Act's requirements for import and production quotas and to address the potential diversion of these... Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), parts 1300 to end. These regulations are designed to... CSA mandates that DEA establish a closed system of control for manufacturing, distributing, and...

78 FR 66094 - Self-Regulatory Organizations: Miami International Securities Exchange LLC; Notice of Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-04

... Priority Customer Rebate Program (the ``Program'') until November 30, 2013.\\3\\ The Program currently... Customer \\6\\ order transmitted by that Member which is executed on the Exchange in all multiply-listed... thresholds are calculated based on the customer average daily volume over the course of the month. Volume...

38 CFR 61.13 - Rating criteria for capital grant applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... capital grant applications. 61.13 Section 61.13 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF... capital grant applications. (a) Applicants that meet the threshold requirements in § 61.12 of this part, will then be rated using the selection criteria listed in this section. To be eligible for a capital...

40 CFR 49.153 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... negative value. If an emissions unit's post-change allowable emissions would be less than its pre-change... that program based on the actual-to-projected-actual test, it is considered a minor modification and is...-actual test is equal to or exceeds the minor NSR threshold listed in Table 1 of this section. For a...

Helping Students Cross the Threshold: Implications from a University Writing Assessment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brockman, Elizabeth; Taylor, Marcy; Crawford, MaryAnn K.; Kreth, Melinda

2010-01-01

Some "English Journal" ("EJ") readers may fondly (or not so fondly) remember reading lists for college-bound students, which were once routinely distributed to promote the reading of "The Scarlet Letter," "Pride and Prejudice," "The Pearl," and other noteworthy classics. Today, virtually any English teacher would recognize that a focus on solely…

August gamma Cepheids (523-AGC)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roggemans, Paul

2018-02-01

Favorable weather conditions between 19 August and 5 September 2017 enabled the CAMS BeNeLux network to collect 3189 orbits. A radiant concentration was spotted which was identified as the August gamma Cepheids (523-AGC). An independent search on a selection from all available meteor orbit lists coming from the suspect radiant area and velocity range was made. This resulted in 283 similar orbits, radiating from R.A. 358.4° and Decl. +76.2° with a geocentric velocity of 43.7 km/s in a time lapse between 146° and 165° in solar longitude with best activity at 155.7°. The orbital elements match perfectly with previously published results. There is no indication for any periodicity in the shower displays from year to year. The AGC-meteors are remarkably rich in bright meteors and rather deficient in faint meteors. Being detected independently from orbital data collected by different video networks, confirmed by 283 orbits with a medium threshold D criterion DD < 0.08 and 125 orbits with a high threshold of DD < 0.04, this minor shower could be considered to be listed as an established meteor shower.

Estimating population extinction thresholds with categorical classification trees for Louisiana black bears

USGS Publications Warehouse

Laufenberg, Jared S.; Clark, Joseph D.; Chandler, Richard B.

2018-01-01

Monitoring vulnerable species is critical for their conservation. Thresholds or tipping points are commonly used to indicate when populations become vulnerable to extinction and to trigger changes in conservation actions. However, quantitative methods to determine such thresholds have not been well explored. The Louisiana black bear (Ursus americanus luteolus) was removed from the list of threatened and endangered species under the U.S. Endangered Species Act in 2016 and our objectives were to determine the most appropriate parameters and thresholds for monitoring and management action. Capture mark recapture (CMR) data from 2006 to 2012 were used to estimate population parameters and variances. We used stochastic population simulations and conditional classification trees to identify demographic rates for monitoring that would be most indicative of heighted extinction risk. We then identified thresholds that would be reliable predictors of population viability. Conditional classification trees indicated that annual apparent survival rates for adult females averaged over 5 years () was the best predictor of population persistence. Specifically, population persistence was estimated to be ≥95% over 100 years when , suggesting that this statistic can be used as threshold to trigger management intervention. Our evaluation produced monitoring protocols that reliably predicted population persistence and was cost-effective. We conclude that population projections and conditional classification trees can be valuable tools for identifying extinction thresholds used in monitoring programs.

Estimating population extinction thresholds with categorical classification trees for Louisiana black bears.

PubMed

Laufenberg, Jared S; Clark, Joseph D; Chandler, Richard B

2018-01-01

Monitoring vulnerable species is critical for their conservation. Thresholds or tipping points are commonly used to indicate when populations become vulnerable to extinction and to trigger changes in conservation actions. However, quantitative methods to determine such thresholds have not been well explored. The Louisiana black bear (Ursus americanus luteolus) was removed from the list of threatened and endangered species under the U.S. Endangered Species Act in 2016 and our objectives were to determine the most appropriate parameters and thresholds for monitoring and management action. Capture mark recapture (CMR) data from 2006 to 2012 were used to estimate population parameters and variances. We used stochastic population simulations and conditional classification trees to identify demographic rates for monitoring that would be most indicative of heighted extinction risk. We then identified thresholds that would be reliable predictors of population viability. Conditional classification trees indicated that annual apparent survival rates for adult females averaged over 5 years ([Formula: see text]) was the best predictor of population persistence. Specifically, population persistence was estimated to be ≥95% over 100 years when [Formula: see text], suggesting that this statistic can be used as threshold to trigger management intervention. Our evaluation produced monitoring protocols that reliably predicted population persistence and was cost-effective. We conclude that population projections and conditional classification trees can be valuable tools for identifying extinction thresholds used in monitoring programs.

Application of fuzzy c-means clustering to PRTR chemicals uncovering their release and toxicity characteristics.

PubMed

Xue, Mianqiang; Zhou, Liang; Kojima, Naoya; Dos Muchangos, Leticia Sarmento; Machimura, Takashi; Tokai, Akihiro

2018-05-01

Increasing manufacture and usage of chemicals have not been matched by the increase in our understanding of their risks. Pollutant release and transfer register (PRTR) is becoming a popular measure for collecting chemical data and enhancing the public right to know. However, these data are usually in high dimensionality which restricts their wider use. The present study partitions Japanese PRTR chemicals into five fuzzy clusters by fuzzy c-mean clustering (FCM) to explore the implicit information. Each chemical with membership degrees belongs to each cluster. Cluster I features high releases from non-listed industries and the household sector and high environmental toxicity. Cluster II is characterized by high reported releases and transfers from 24 listed industries above the threshold, mutagenicity, and high environmental toxicity. Chemicals in cluster III have characteristics of high releases from non-listed industries and low toxicity. Cluster IV is characterized by high reported releases and transfers from 24 listed industries above the threshold and extremely high environmental toxicity. Cluster V is characterized by low releases yet mutagenicity and high carcinogenicity. Chemicals with the highest membership degree were identified as representatives for each cluster. For the highest membership degree, half of the chemicals have a value higher than 0.74. If we look at both the highest and the second highest membership degrees simultaneously, about 94% of the chemicals have a value higher than 0.5. FCM can serve as an approach to uncover the implicit information of highly complex chemical dataset, which subsequently supports the strategy development for efficient and effective chemical management. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A discrete event simulation to model the cost-utility of fingolimod and natalizumab in rapidly evolving severe relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in the UK.

PubMed

Montgomery, Stephen M; Maruszczak, Maciej J; Slater, David; Kusel, Jeanette; Nicholas, Richard; Adlard, Nicholas

2017-05-01

Two disease-modifying therapies are licensed in the EU for use in rapidly-evolving severe (RES) relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), fingolimod and natalizumab. Here a discrete event simulation (DES) model to analyze the cost-effectiveness of natalizumab and fingolimod in the RES population, from the perspective of the National Health Service (NHS) in the UK, is reported. A DES model was developed to track individual RES patients, based on Expanded Disability Status Scale scores. Individual patient characteristics were taken from the RES sub-groups of the pivotal trials for fingolimod. Utility data were in line with previous models. Published costs were inflated to NHS cost year 2015. Owing to the confidential patient access scheme (PAS) discount applied to fingolimod in the UK, a range of discount levels were applied to the fingolimod list price, to capture the likelihood of natalizumab being cost-effective in a real-world setting. At the lower National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) threshold of £20,000/quality-adjusted life year (QALY), fingolimod only required a discount greater than 0.8% of list price to be cost-effective. At the upper threshold of £30,000/QALY employed by the NICE, fingolimod was cost-effective if the confidential discount is greater than 2.5%. Sensitivity analyses conducted using fingolimod list-price showed the model to be most sensitive to changes in the cost of each drug, particularly fingolimod. The DES model shows that only a modest discount to the UK fingolimod list-price is required to make fingolimod a more cost-effective option than natalizumab in RES RRMS.

Randomized Controlled Trial of an Internet-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment Program for Binge-Eating Disorder.

PubMed

Wagner, Birgit; Nagl, Michaela; Dölemeyer, Ruth; Klinitzke, Grit; Steinig, Jana; Hilbert, Anja; Kersting, Anette

2016-07-01

Binge-eating disorder (BED) is a prevalent health condition associated with obesity. Few people with BED receive appropriate treatment. Personal barriers include shame, fear of stigma, geographic distance to mental health services, and long wait-lists. The aims of this study were to examine the efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive-behavioral intervention for adults with threshold BED (DSM-IV) and to examine the stability of treatment effects over 12months. Participants were randomly assigned to a 16-week Internet-based cognitive-behavioral intervention (n=69) or a wait-list condition (n=70). Binge-eating frequency and eating disorder psychopathology were measured with the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire and the Eating Disorder Examination administered over the telephone. Additionally, body weight and body mass index, depression, and anxiety were assessed before and immediately after treatment. Three-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up data were recorded in the treatment group. Immediately after the treatment the number of binge-eating episodes showed significant improvement (d=1.02, between group) in the treatment group relative to the wait-list condition. The treatment group had also significantly reduced symptoms of all eating psychopathology outcomes relative to the wait-list condition (0.82≤d≤1.11). In the treatment group significant improvement was still observed for all measures 1year after the intervention relative to pretreatment levels. The Internet-based intervention proved to be efficacious, significantly reducing the number of binge-eating episodes and eating disorder pathology long term. Low-threshold e-health interventions should be further evaluated to improve treatment access for patients suffering from BED. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Can false memory for critical lures occur without conscious awareness of list words?

PubMed

Sadler, Daniel D; Sodmont, Sharon M; Keefer, Lucas A

2018-02-01

We examined whether the DRM false memory effect can occur when list words are presented below the perceptual identification threshold. In four experiments, subjects showed robust veridical memory for studied words and false memory for critical lures when masked list words were presented at exposure durations of 43 ms per word. Shortening the exposure duration to 29 ms virtually eliminated veridical recognition of studied words and completely eliminated false recognition of critical lures. Subjective visibility ratings in Experiments 3a and 3b support the assumption that words presented at 29 ms were subliminal for most participants, but were occasionally experienced with partial awareness by participants with higher perceptual awareness. Our results indicate that a false memory effect does not occur in the absence of conscious awareness of list words, but it does occur when word stimuli are presented at an intermediate level of visibility. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Controlling the misuse of cobalt in horses.

PubMed

Ho, Emmie N M; Chan, George H M; Wan, Terence S M; Curl, Peter; Riggs, Christopher M; Hurley, Michael J; Sykes, David

2015-01-01

Cobalt is a well-established inducer of hypoxia-like responses, which can cause gene modulation at the hypoxia inducible factor pathway to induce erythropoietin transcription. Cobalt salts are orally active, inexpensive, and easily accessible. It is an attractive blood doping agent for enhancing aerobic performance. Indeed, recent intelligence and investigations have confirmed cobalt was being abused in equine sports. In this paper, population surveys of total cobalt in raceday samples were conducted using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Urinary threshold of 75 ng/mL and plasma threshold of 2 ng/mL could be proposed for the control of cobalt misuse in raceday or in-competition samples. Results from administration trials with cobalt-containing supplements showed that common supplements could elevate urinary and plasma cobalt levels above the proposed thresholds within 24 h of administration. It would therefore be necessary to ban the use of cobalt-containing supplements on raceday as well as on the day before racing in order to implement and enforce the proposed thresholds. Since the abuse with huge quantities of cobalt salts can be done during training while the use of legitimate cobalt-containing supplements are also allowed, different urinary and plasma cobalt thresholds would be required to control cobalt abuse in non-raceday or out-of-competition samples. This could be achieved by setting the thresholds above the maximum urinary and plasma cobalt concentrations observed or anticipated from the normal use of legitimate cobalt-containing supplements. Urinary threshold of 2000 ng/mL and plasma threshold of 10 ng/mL were thus proposed for the control of cobalt abuse in non-raceday or out-of-competition samples. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Environmental Compliance Inspection Checklist for Shipbuilding Facilities

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-04-01

regulations will most likely apply to the mixing and application of tributyltin ( TBT )-based and other anti-fouling paints, as well as routine...Pollution Discharge Elimination System Small Quantity Generator 94 TBT Tributyltin TCLP Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure TPQ Threshold...of at the yard? If “YES,” continue. 8.1.2 Are pesticides applied by yard personnel? If “YES," describe the type(s) used ( TBT paint etc.) and where

76 FR 18138 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 90-Day Finding on a Petition To List the Spring...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-01

... Eastern Highland Rim. Currently about 40 percent of the public water supply for the City of Huntsville is... 2007, the species was believed extirpated from Pryor Springs due to impaired water quality and quantity... pygmy sunfish is clear and colorless to slightly stained spring water, spring runs, and associated...

Alternative Methods of Base Level Demand Forecasting for Economic Order Quantity Items,

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-12-01

Note .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 AdaptivC Single Exponential Smooti-ing ........ 21 Choosing the Smoothiing Constant... methodology used in the study, an analysis of results, .And a detailed summary. Chapter I. Methodology , contains a description o the data, a...Chapter IV. Detailed Summary, presents a detailed summary of the findings, lists the limitations inherent in the 7’" research methodology , and

40 CFR 82.18 - Availability of production in addition to baseline production allowances for class II controlled...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... quantity of production that the nation is permitted under the Montreal Protocol or to receive from the... Article 5 allowances, for a specified control period through trades with another Party to the Protocol as... this subpart that is also listed in Appendix C, Annex 1 of the Protocol as having ratified the Beijing...

40 CFR 82.18 - Availability of production in addition to baseline production allowances for class II controlled...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... quantity of production that the nation is permitted under the Montreal Protocol or to receive from the... Article 5 allowances, for a specified control period through trades with another Party to the Protocol as... this subpart that is also listed in Appendix C, Annex 1 of the Protocol as having ratified the Beijing...

40 CFR 82.18 - Availability of production in addition to baseline production allowances for class II controlled...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... quantity of production that the nation is permitted under the Montreal Protocol or to receive from the... Article 5 allowances, for a specified control period through trades with another Party to the Protocol as... this subpart that is also listed in Appendix C, Annex 1 of the Protocol as having ratified the Beijing...

40 CFR 82.18 - Availability of production in addition to baseline production allowances for class II controlled...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... quantity of production that the nation is permitted under the Montreal Protocol or to receive from the... Article 5 allowances, for a specified control period through trades with another Party to the Protocol as... this subpart that is also listed in Appendix C, Annex 1 of the Protocol as having ratified the Beijing...

40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart Tttt of... - Leather Finishing HAP Emission Limits for Determining the Allowable HAP Loss

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...)(ii)(H) Application for approval Type and quantity of HAP, operating parameters No All sources emit... listed below. § 63.6(e)(3) Operation and maintenance requirements Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan requirements No Subpart TTTT does not have any startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan requirements. § 63.6(f...

40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart Tttt of... - Leather Finishing HAP Emission Limits for Determining the Allowable HAP Loss

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...)(ii)(H) Application for approval Type and quantity of HAP, operating parameters No All sources emit... listed below. § 63.6(e)(3) Operation and maintenance requirements Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan requirements No Subpart TTTT does not have any startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan requirements. § 63.6(f...

40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart Tttt of... - Leather Finishing HAP Emission Limits for Determining the Allowable HAP Loss

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...)(ii)(H) Application for approval Type and quantity of HAP, operating parameters No All sources emit... listed below. § 63.6(e)(3) Operation and maintenance requirements Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan requirements No Subpart TTTT does not have any startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan requirements. § 63.6(f...

40 CFR Table A-5 to Subpart A of... - Supplier Category List for § 98.2(a)(4)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... crude oil. (B) Importers of an annual quantity of petroleum products and natural gas liquids that is... natural gas liquids that is equivalent to 25,000 metric tons CO2e or more. Natural gas and natural gas liquids suppliers (subpart NN): (A) All fractionators. (B) Local natural gas distribution companies that...

40 CFR Table A-5 to Subpart A of... - Supplier Category List for § 98.2(a)(4)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... crude oil. (B) Importers of an annual quantity of petroleum products and natural gas liquids that is... natural gas liquids that is equivalent to 25,000 metric tons CO2e or more. Natural gas and natural gas liquids suppliers (subpart NN): (A) All fractionators. (B) Local natural gas distribution companies that...

40 CFR Table A-5 to Subpart A of... - Supplier Category List for § 98.2(a)(4)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... crude oil. (B) Importers of an annual quantity of petroleum products and natural gas liquids that is... natural gas liquids that is equivalent to 25,000 metric tons CO2e or more. Natural gas and natural gas liquids suppliers (subpart NN): (A) All fractionators. (B) Local natural gas distribution companies that...

Laser-Induced Thermophoresis of Individual Particles in a Viscous Liquid

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-23

of liquid Ap 6.5x10 20 J Hamaker constant of particle [33] Al 5.6x10 20 J Hamaker constant of liquid [34] εR 29.3 Relative permittivity of liquid... Hamaker constants for the particle and liquid are denoted as Ap and Al. Table 2 lists the relevant quantities for propylene glycol and silica, as

76 FR 58465 - Notice of Solicitation of Applications for Allocation of Tariff Rate Quotas on the Import of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-21

... application on the form provided to the address listed below by October 21, 2011. The Department will cause to..., DC 20230 (telephone: (202) 482-3400). Application forms may be obtained from that office (via... duties on limited quantities of two categories of worsted wool fabrics suitable for use in making suits...

Cost-effectiveness of different strategies for selecting and treating individuals at increased risk of osteoporosis or osteopenia: a systematic review.

PubMed

Müller, Dirk; Pulm, Jannis; Gandjour, Afschin

2012-01-01

To compare cost-effectiveness modeling analyses of strategies to prevent osteoporotic and osteopenic fractures either based on fixed thresholds using bone mineral density or based on variable thresholds including bone mineral density and clinical risk factors. A systematic review was performed by using the MEDLINE database and reference lists from previous reviews. On the basis of predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria, we identified relevant studies published since January 2006. Articles included for the review were assessed for their methodological quality and results. The literature search resulted in 24 analyses, 14 of them using a fixed-threshold approach and 10 using a variable-threshold approach. On average, 70% of the criteria for methodological quality were fulfilled, but almost half of the analyses did not include medication adherence in the base case. The results of variable-threshold strategies were more homogeneous and showed more favorable incremental cost-effectiveness ratios compared with those based on a fixed threshold with bone mineral density. For analyses with fixed thresholds, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios varied from €80,000 per quality-adjusted life-year in women aged 55 years to cost saving in women aged 80 years. For analyses with variable thresholds, the range was €47,000 to cost savings. Risk assessment using variable thresholds appears to be more cost-effective than selecting high-risk individuals by fixed thresholds. Although the overall quality of the studies was fairly good, future economic analyses should further improve their methods, particularly in terms of including more fracture types, incorporating medication adherence, and including or discussing unrelated costs during added life-years. Copyright © 2012 International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Implications of Lactobacillus collinoides and Brettanomyces/Dekkera anomala in phenolic off-flavour defects of ciders.

PubMed

Buron, Nicolas; Coton, Monika; Legendre, Patrick; Ledauphin, Jérôme; Kientz-Bouchart, Valérie; Guichard, Hugues; Barillier, Daniel; Coton, Emmanuel

2012-02-01

Different Lactobacillus collinoides and Brettanomyces/Dekkera anomala cider strains were studied for their ability to produce volatile phenols in synthetic medium. All strains were able to produce 4-ethylcatechol (4-EC), 4-ethylphenol (4-EP) and 4-ethylguaiacol (4-EG) from caffeic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids, respectively. Interestingly, D. anomala and L. collinoides were also able to produce 4-EC, 4-EP and 4-EG in cider conditions. The quantities of ethylphenols produced by these two species were similar in both tested ciders. The impact of precursor quantities was studied and it showed that the addition of caffeic and p-coumaric acids in ciders allowed for higher 4-EC and 4-EP production by D. anomala and L. collinoides. In parallel, D. anomala and L. collinoides strains were isolated from a phenolic off-flavour defective bottled cider after ethylphenol production hence confirming the implication of these two species in this cider spoilage. Finally, detection thresholds of the main ethylphenols were determined in ciders by orthonasal and retronasal sampling. The 4-EC and 4-EP detection thresholds (close to 20-25mg/l and 1.5-2.0mg/l, respectively) were matrix dependant. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Personal Computer Transport Analysis Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

DiStefano, Frank, III; Wobick, Craig; Chapman, Kirt; McCloud, Peter

2012-01-01

The Personal Computer Transport Analysis Program (PCTAP) is C++ software used for analysis of thermal fluid systems. The program predicts thermal fluid system and component transients. The output consists of temperatures, flow rates, pressures, delta pressures, tank quantities, and gas quantities in the air, along with air scrubbing component performance. PCTAP s solution process assumes that the tubes in the system are well insulated so that only the heat transfer between fluid and tube wall and between adjacent tubes is modeled. The system described in the model file is broken down into its individual components; i.e., tubes, cold plates, heat exchangers, etc. A solution vector is built from the components and a flow is then simulated with fluid being transferred from one component to the next. The solution vector of components in the model file is built at the initiation of the run. This solution vector is simply a list of components in the order of their inlet dependency on other components. The component parameters are updated in the order in which they appear in the list at every time step. Once the solution vectors have been determined, PCTAP cycles through the components in the solution vector, executing their outlet function for each time-step increment.

Method development for comprehensive extraction and analysis of marine toxins: Liquid-liquid extraction and tandem liquid chromatography separations coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wunschel, David S.; Valenzuela, Blandina R.; Kaiser, Brooke L. Deatherage

Toxins from biological sources are recognized as potential chemical weapon threats, with saxitoxin and ricin listed by the chemical weapons convention (CWC) as schedule one agents (CWC reference). These two toxins represent a metabolite (saxitoxin) and protein (ricin) from algal and plant sources, respectively. An array of toxins have been listed as "select agents" by the Health and Human Services (HHS) select agent program, including ricin, abrin, saxitoxin, tetrodotoxin, specific paralytic alpha conotoxin peptides, T-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenols, botulinum toxins, and staphylococcal enterotoxins [1]. The quantities of these toxins dictate whether they are considered select agents with federal oversight of theirmore » storage and use. While this list captures some of the naturally occurring toxins that may pose a threat to the public, there are a number of other naturally occurring toxins that may also be a concern.« less

Do Social Conditions Affect Capuchin Monkeys' (Cebus apella) Choices in a Quantity Judgment Task?

PubMed

Beran, Michael J; Perdue, Bonnie M; Parrish, Audrey E; Evans, Theodore A

2012-01-01

Beran et al. (2012) reported that capuchin monkeys closely matched the performance of humans in a quantity judgment test in which information was incomplete but a judgment still had to be made. In each test session, subjects first made quantity judgments between two known options. Then, they made choices where only one option was visible. Both humans and capuchin monkeys were guided by past outcomes, as they shifted from selecting a known option to selecting an unknown option at the point at which the known option went from being more than the average rate of return to less than the average rate of return from earlier choices in the test session. Here, we expanded this assessment of what guides quantity judgment choice behavior in the face of incomplete information to include manipulations to the unselected quantity. We manipulated the unchosen set in two ways: first, we showed the monkeys what they did not get (the unchosen set), anticipating that "losses" would weigh heavily on subsequent trials in which the same known quantity was presented. Second, we sometimes gave the unchosen set to another monkey, anticipating that this social manipulation might influence the risk-taking responses of the focal monkey when faced with incomplete information. However, neither manipulation caused difficulty for the monkeys who instead continued to use the rational strategy of choosing known sets when they were as large as or larger than the average rate of return in the session, and choosing the unknown (riskier) set when the known set was not sufficiently large. As in past experiments, this was true across a variety of daily ranges of quantities, indicating that monkeys were not using some absolute quantity as a threshold for selecting (or not) the known set, but instead continued to use the daily average rate of return to determine when to choose the known versus the unknown quantity.

Establishing Minimum Flow Requirements Based on Benthic Vegetation: What are Some Issues Related to Identifying Quantity of Inflow and Tools Used to Quantify Ecosystem Response?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hunt, M. J.; Nuttle, W. K.; Cosby, B. J.; Marshall, F. E.

2005-05-01

Establishing minimum flow requirements in aquatic ecosystems is one way to stipulate controls on water withdrawals in a watershed. The basis of the determination is to identify the amount of flow needed to sustain a threshold ecological function. To develop minimum flow criteria an understanding of ecological response in relation to flow is essential. Several steps are needed including: (1) identification of important resources and ecological functions, (2) compilation of available information, (3) determination of historical conditions, (4) establishment of technical relationships between inflow and resources, and (5) identification of numeric criteria that reflect the threshold at which resources are harmed. The process is interdisciplinary requiring the integration of hydrologic and ecologic principles with quantitative assessments. The tools used quantify the ecological response and key questions related to how the quantity of flow influences the ecosystem are examined by comparing minimum flow determination in two different aquatic systems in South Florida. Each system is characterized by substantial hydrologic alteration. The first, the Caloosahatchee River is a riverine system, located on the southwest coast of Florida. The second, the Everglades- Florida Bay ecotone, is a wetland mangrove ecosystem, located on the southern tip of the Florida peninsula. In both cases freshwater submerged aquatic vegetation (Vallisneria americana or Ruppia maritima), located in areas of the saltwater- freshwater interface has been identified as a basis for minimum flow criteria. The integration of field studies, laboratory studies, and literature review was required. From this information we developed ecological modeling tools to quantify and predict plant growth in response to varying environmental variables. Coupled with hydrologic modeling tools questions relating to the quantity and timing of flow and ecological consequences in relation to normal variability are addressed.

Effective sextic superpotential and B-L violation in NMSGUT

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aulakh, C. S.; Awasthi, R. L.; Krishna, Shri

2017-10-01

We list operators of the superpotential of the effective MSSM that emerge from the NMSGUT up to sextic degree. We give illustrative expressions for the coefficients in terms of NMSGUT parameters. We also estimate the impact of GUT scale threshold corrections on these effective operators in view of the demonstration that B violation via quartic superpotential terms can be suppressed to acceptable levels after including such corrections in the NMSGUT. We find a novel B, B-L violating quintic operator that leads to the decay mode n→ e^- K^+. We also remark that the threshold corrections to the Type-I seesaw mechanism make the deviation of right-handed neutrino masses from the GUT scale more natural while Type-II seesaw neutrino masses, which earlier tended to utterly negligible receive threshold enhancement. Our results are of relevance for analysing B-L violating operator-based, sphaleron-safe, baryogenesis.

Correlations of stock price fluctuations under multi-scale and multi-threshold scenarios

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sui, Guo; Li, Huajiao; Feng, Sida; Liu, Xueyong; Jiang, Meihui

2018-01-01

The multi-scale method is widely used in analyzing time series of financial markets and it can provide market information for different economic entities who focus on different periods. Through constructing multi-scale networks of price fluctuation correlation in the stock market, we can detect the topological relationship between each time series. Previous research has not addressed the problem that the original fluctuation correlation networks are fully connected networks and more information exists within these networks that is currently being utilized. Here we use listed coal companies as a case study. First, we decompose the original stock price fluctuation series into different time scales. Second, we construct the stock price fluctuation correlation networks at different time scales. Third, we delete the edges of the network based on thresholds and analyze the network indicators. Through combining the multi-scale method with the multi-threshold method, we bring to light the implicit information of fully connected networks.

48 CFR 52.213-4 - Terms and Conditions-Simplified Acquisitions (Other Than Commercial Items)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...-consuming products listed in the ENERGY STAR® Program or Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) will be... exceeds the micro-purchase threshold and the acquisition— (A) Is set aside for small business concerns; or (B) Cannot be set aside for small business concerns (see 19.502-2), and does not exceed $25,000.) (x...

75 FR 51188 - Disapproval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Indiana; Addition of Incentive...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-19

... from G.T. Helms titled ``Determination of Economic Feasibility.'' Under these policies, daily averaging.... Although listed in the index, some information is not publicly available, e.g., CBI or other information... increases of up to the PSD/NNSR threshold, e.g., 40 tpy of volatile organic compounds, 40 tpy of sulfur...

Testing galaxy quenching theories with scatter in the stellar-to-halo mass relation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tinker, Jeremy L.

2017-05-01

We use the scatter in the stellar-to-halo mass relation to constrain galaxy evolution models. If the efficiency of converting accreted baryons into stars varies with time, haloes of the same present-day mass but different formation histories will have different z = 0 galaxy stellar mass. This is one of the sources of scatter in stellar mass at fixed halo mass, σlog M*. For massive haloes that undergo rapid quenching of star formation at z ˜ 2, different mechanisms that trigger this quenching yield different values of σlog M*. We use this framework to test various models in which quenching begins after a galaxy crosses a threshold in one of the following physical quantities: redshift, halo mass, stellar mass and stellar-to-halo mass ratio. Our model is highly idealized, with other sources of scatter likely to arise as more physics is included. Thus, our test is whether a model can produce scatter lower than observational bounds, leaving room for other sources. Recent measurements find σlog M* = 0.16 dex for 1011 M⊙ galaxies. Under the assumption that the threshold is constant with time, such a low value of σlog M* rules out all of these models with the exception of quenching by a stellar mass threshold. Most physical quantities, such as metallicity, will increase scatter if they are uncorrelated with halo formation history. Thus, to decrease the scatter of a given model, galaxy properties would correlate tightly with formation history, creating testable predictions for their clustering. Understanding why σlog M* is so small may be key to understanding the physics of galaxy formation.

Evaluation of a Class of Simple and Effective Uncertainty Methods for Sparse Samples of Random Variables and Functions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Romero, Vicente; Bonney, Matthew; Schroeder, Benjamin

When very few samples of a random quantity are available from a source distribution of unknown shape, it is usually not possible to accurately infer the exact distribution from which the data samples come. Under-estimation of important quantities such as response variance and failure probabilities can result. For many engineering purposes, including design and risk analysis, we attempt to avoid under-estimation with a strategy to conservatively estimate (bound) these types of quantities -- without being overly conservative -- when only a few samples of a random quantity are available from model predictions or replicate experiments. This report examines a classmore » of related sparse-data uncertainty representation and inference approaches that are relatively simple, inexpensive, and effective. Tradeoffs between the methods' conservatism, reliability, and risk versus number of data samples (cost) are quantified with multi-attribute metrics use d to assess method performance for conservative estimation of two representative quantities: central 95% of response; and 10 -4 probability of exceeding a response threshold in a tail of the distribution. Each method's performance is characterized with 10,000 random trials on a large number of diverse and challenging distributions. The best method and number of samples to use in a given circumstance depends on the uncertainty quantity to be estimated, the PDF character, and the desired reliability of bounding the true value. On the basis of this large data base and study, a strategy is proposed for selecting the method and number of samples for attaining reasonable credibility levels in bounding these types of quantities when sparse samples of random variables or functions are available from experiments or simulations.« less

Do Optimal Prognostic Thresholds in Continuous Physiological Variables Really Exist? Analysis of Origin of Apparent Thresholds, with Systematic Review for Peak Oxygen Consumption, Ejection Fraction and BNP

PubMed Central

Leong, Tora; Rehman, Michaela B.; Pastormerlo, Luigi Emilio; Harrell, Frank E.; Coats, Andrew J. S.; Francis, Darrel P.

2014-01-01

Background Clinicians are sometimes advised to make decisions using thresholds in measured variables, derived from prognostic studies. Objectives We studied why there are conflicting apparently-optimal prognostic thresholds, for example in exercise peak oxygen uptake (pVO2), ejection fraction (EF), and Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) in heart failure (HF). Data Sources and Eligibility Criteria Studies testing pVO2, EF or BNP prognostic thresholds in heart failure, published between 1990 and 2010, listed on Pubmed. Methods First, we examined studies testing pVO2, EF or BNP prognostic thresholds. Second, we created repeated simulations of 1500 patients to identify whether an apparently-optimal prognostic threshold indicates step change in risk. Results 33 studies (8946 patients) tested a pVO2 threshold. 18 found it prognostically significant: the actual reported threshold ranged widely (10–18 ml/kg/min) but was overwhelmingly controlled by the individual study population's mean pVO2 (r = 0.86, p<0.00001). In contrast, the 15 negative publications were testing thresholds 199% further from their means (p = 0.0001). Likewise, of 35 EF studies (10220 patients), the thresholds in the 22 positive reports were strongly determined by study means (r = 0.90, p<0.0001). Similarly, in the 19 positives of 20 BNP studies (9725 patients): r = 0.86 (p<0.0001). Second, survival simulations always discovered a “most significant” threshold, even when there was definitely no step change in mortality. With linear increase in risk, the apparently-optimal threshold was always near the sample mean (r = 0.99, p<0.001). Limitations This study cannot report the best threshold for any of these variables; instead it explains how common clinical research procedures routinely produce false thresholds. Key Findings First, shifting (and/or disappearance) of an apparently-optimal prognostic threshold is strongly determined by studies' average pVO2, EF or BNP. Second, apparently-optimal thresholds always appear, even with no step in prognosis. Conclusions Emphatic therapeutic guidance based on thresholds from observational studies may be ill-founded. We should not assume that optimal thresholds, or any thresholds, exist. PMID:24475020

On what basis are medical cost-effectiveness thresholds set? Clashing opinions and an absence of data: a systematic review.

PubMed

Cameron, David; Ubels, Jasper; Norström, Fredrik

2018-01-01

The amount a government should be willing to invest in adopting new medical treatments has long been under debate. With many countries using formal cost-effectiveness (C/E) thresholds when examining potential new treatments and ever-growing medical costs, accurately setting the level of a C/E threshold can be essential for an efficient healthcare system. The aim of this systematic review is to describe the prominent approaches to setting a C/E threshold, compile available national-level C/E threshold data and willingness-to-pay (WTP) data, and to discern whether associations exist between these values, gross domestic product (GDP) and health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE). This review further examines current obstacles faced with the presently available data. A systematic review was performed to collect articles which have studied national C/E thresholds and willingness-to-pay (WTP) per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) in the general population. Associations between GDP, HALE, WTP, and C/E thresholds were analyzed with correlations. Seventeen countries were identified from nine unique sources to have formal C/E thresholds within our inclusion criteria. Thirteen countries from nine sources were identified to have WTP per QALY data within our inclusion criteria. Two possible associations were identified: C/E thresholds with HALE (quadratic correlation of 0.63), and C/E thresholds with GDP per capita (polynomial correlation of 0.84). However, these results are based on few observations and therefore firm conclusions cannot be made. Most national C/E thresholds identified in our review fall within the WHO's recommended range of one-to-three times GDP per capita. However, the quality and quantity of data available regarding national average WTP per QALY, opportunity costs, and C/E thresholds is poor in comparison to the importance of adequate investment in healthcare. There exists an obvious risk that countries might either over- or underinvest in healthcare if they base their decision-making process on erroneous presumptions or non-evidence-based methodologies. The commonly referred to value of 100,000$ USD per QALY may potentially have some basis.

On what basis are medical cost-effectiveness thresholds set? Clashing opinions and an absence of data: a systematic review

PubMed Central

Cameron, David; Ubels, Jasper; Norström, Fredrik

2018-01-01

ABSTRACT Background: The amount a government should be willing to invest in adopting new medical treatments has long been under debate. With many countries using formal cost-effectiveness (C/E) thresholds when examining potential new treatments and ever-growing medical costs, accurately setting the level of a C/E threshold can be essential for an efficient healthcare system. Objectives: The aim of this systematic review is to describe the prominent approaches to setting a C/E threshold, compile available national-level C/E threshold data and willingness-to-pay (WTP) data, and to discern whether associations exist between these values, gross domestic product (GDP) and health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE). This review further examines current obstacles faced with the presently available data. Methods: A systematic review was performed to collect articles which have studied national C/E thresholds and willingness-to-pay (WTP) per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) in the general population. Associations between GDP, HALE, WTP, and C/E thresholds were analyzed with correlations. Results: Seventeen countries were identified from nine unique sources to have formal C/E thresholds within our inclusion criteria. Thirteen countries from nine sources were identified to have WTP per QALY data within our inclusion criteria. Two possible associations were identified: C/E thresholds with HALE (quadratic correlation of 0.63), and C/E thresholds with GDP per capita (polynomial correlation of 0.84). However, these results are based on few observations and therefore firm conclusions cannot be made. Conclusions: Most national C/E thresholds identified in our review fall within the WHO’s recommended range of one-to-three times GDP per capita. However, the quality and quantity of data available regarding national average WTP per QALY, opportunity costs, and C/E thresholds is poor in comparison to the importance of adequate investment in healthcare. There exists an obvious risk that countries might either over- or underinvest in healthcare if they base their decision-making process on erroneous presumptions or non-evidence-based methodologies. The commonly referred to value of 100,000$ USD per QALY may potentially have some basis. PMID:29564962

A radar-based regional extreme rainfall analysis to derive the thresholds for a novel automatic alert system in Switzerland

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Panziera, Luca; Gabella, Marco; Zanini, Stefano; Hering, Alessandro; Germann, Urs; Berne, Alexis

2016-06-01

This paper presents a regional extreme rainfall analysis based on 10 years of radar data for the 159 regions adopted for official natural hazard warnings in Switzerland. Moreover, a nowcasting tool aimed at issuing heavy precipitation regional alerts is introduced. The two topics are closely related, since the extreme rainfall analysis provides the thresholds used by the nowcasting system for the alerts. Warm and cold seasons' monthly maxima of several statistical quantities describing regional rainfall are fitted to a generalized extreme value distribution in order to derive the precipitation amounts corresponding to sub-annual return periods for durations of 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. It is shown that regional return levels exhibit a large spatial variability in Switzerland, and that their spatial distribution strongly depends on the duration of the aggregation period: for accumulations of 3 h and shorter, the largest return levels are found over the northerly alpine slopes, whereas for longer durations the southern Alps exhibit the largest values. The inner alpine chain shows the lowest values, in agreement with previous rainfall climatologies. The nowcasting system presented here is aimed to issue heavy rainfall alerts for a large variety of end users, who are interested in different precipitation characteristics and regions, such as, for example, small urban areas, remote alpine catchments or administrative districts. The alerts are issued not only if the rainfall measured in the immediate past or forecast in the near future exceeds some predefined thresholds but also as soon as the sum of past and forecast precipitation is larger than threshold values. This precipitation total, in fact, has primary importance in applications for which antecedent rainfall is as important as predicted one, such as urban floods early warning systems. The rainfall fields, the statistical quantity representing regional rainfall and the frequency of alerts issued in case of continuous threshold exceedance are some of the configurable parameters of the tool. The analysis of the urban flood which occurred in the city of Schaffhausen in May 2013 suggests that this alert tool might have complementary skill with respect to radar-based thunderstorm nowcasting systems for storms which do not show a clear convective signature.

Recent advances in scalable non-Gaussian geostatistics: The generalized sub-Gaussian model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guadagnini, Alberto; Riva, Monica; Neuman, Shlomo P.

2018-07-01

Geostatistical analysis has been introduced over half a century ago to allow quantifying seemingly random spatial variations in earth quantities such as rock mineral content or permeability. The traditional approach has been to view such quantities as multivariate Gaussian random functions characterized by one or a few well-defined spatial correlation scales. There is, however, mounting evidence that many spatially varying quantities exhibit non-Gaussian behavior over a multiplicity of scales. The purpose of this minireview is not to paint a broad picture of the subject and its treatment in the literature. Instead, we focus on very recent advances in the recognition and analysis of this ubiquitous phenomenon, which transcends hydrology and the Earth sciences, brought about largely by our own work. In particular, we use porosity data from a deep borehole to illustrate typical aspects of such scalable non-Gaussian behavior, describe a very recent theoretical model that (for the first time) captures all these behavioral aspects in a comprehensive manner, show how this allows generating random realizations of the quantity conditional on sampled values, point toward ways of incorporating scalable non-Gaussian behavior in hydrologic analysis, highlight the significance of doing so, and list open questions requiring further research.

The effect of new purchase criteria on food procurement for the Brazilian school feeding program.

PubMed

Soares, Panmela; Davó-Blanes, M Carmen; Martinelli, Suellen Secchi; Melgarejo, Leonardo; Cavalli, Suzi Barletto

2017-01-01

To explore the effect of the school feeding program purchase criteria on the quantity, variety and origin of food products acquired for school meals in a municipality in Brazil. Analysis of purchase lists for two years prior and two years after implementation of the purchase criteria (2010). The origin (family farms (FF)/other providers (OP)) and nutritional characteristics (recommended/controlled) of food products were studied, registering annual varieties (n) and daily quantities (kg/day); contrast of proportions was applied. The acquisition of recommended products increased, and the quantity of controlled products decreased (p = 0.005). Purchase of legumes and vegetables (p < 0.05) increased and high sugar foods decreased (p = 0.02). The majority of food products in 2010 and 2011 were acquired from OP (64% and 61%), although FF provided the greatest proportion of legumes and vegetables. Ten new varieties of recommended products were incorporated, 9 of which were acquired from FF. The criteria of direct purchase from family farms resulted in an increase in the variety and quantity of healthy foods in the schools in the municipality. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The plasma separation process as a pre-cursor for large scale radioisotope production

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stevenson, Nigel R.

2001-07-01

Radioisotope production generally employs either accelerators or reactors to convert stable (usually enriched) isotopes into the desired product species. Radioisotopes have applications in industry, environmental sciences, and most significantly in medicine. The production of many potentially useful radioisotopes is significantly hindered by the lack of availability or by the high cost of key enriched stable isotopes. To try and meet this demand, certain niche enrichment processes have been developed and commercialized. Calutrons, centrifuges, and laser separation processes are some of the devices and techniques being employed to produce large quantities of selective enriched stable isotopes. Nevertheless, the list of enriched stable isotopes in sufficient quantities remains rather limited and this continues to restrict the availability of many radioisotopes that otherwise could have a significant impact on society. The Plasma Separation Process is a newly available commercial technique for producing large quantities of a wide range of enriched isotopes and thereby holds promise of being able to open the door to producing new and exciting applications of radioisotopes in the future.

Nicotine quantity and packaging disclosure in smoked and smokeless tobacco products in India.

PubMed

Sharma, Priyamvada; Murthy, Pratima; Shivhare, Parul

2015-01-01

A variety of smoked and smokeless tobacco products with varying nicotine content are accessible in India. Nicotine quantity in tobacco products has direct bearing on tobacco dependence. Our objective was to estimate nicotine content in various types of smoked and smokeless products. Disclosure for essential health warning was also checked. Liquid-liquid extraction was used for nicotine extraction and high-performance thin layer chromatography technique was applied for quantification of nicotine in seventy-one smoked and smokeless tobacco products. Significant variation in nicotine content was observed across products. In smoked tobacco, nicotine content varied from 1.01 to 13.0 mg/rod, while in smokeless tobacco products it ranged from 0.8 mg/g to 50.0 mg/g. Moisture content varied from 9% to 21%. This work lists a range of smoked and smokeless tobacco products available in this region. We report a wide variability in nicotine quantity across smoked and smokeless tobacco products. Such variation in nicotine content may have important implications for tobacco cessation interventions and policies.

Enforcement of food packaging legislation.

PubMed

van Lierop, J B

1997-01-01

A survey of the results of the analysis of samples of packaging materials, obtained from the Dutch market during the last 5 years is presented. The diethylether extracts of food contact polymers were analysed by GC-MS according to the Dutch testing system. Lists of the identified constituents in the extracts of polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthlate (PET) and polyvinylchloride (PVC) are given. More than 50 constituents were identified in the more than 1000 samples investigated. An estimation of the quantities of the extracted constituents has been made. In PVC the following compounds were present in relatively large quantities (10 times the height of the internal standards): diethylhexyladipate, dinonylphthalate, and other phthalates. However 68% of the extracts contained no peaks higher than the internal standards.

Calibration of an eye lens dosemeter in terms of Hp(3) to be used in interventional radiology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Borges, F. L. S.; Guimarães, M. C.; Da Silva, T. A.; Nogueira Tavares, M. S.

2014-11-01

Recently, the International Commission on Radiological Protection has reviewed epidemiological evidences suggesting that there were tissue reaction effects in the eye lens below the previously considered absorbed dose threshold. A new statement related to the eye lens was issued that changed the absorbed dose threshold and reduced the dose limits for occupationally exposed persons. As consequence, some planned exposures require eye lens dosimetry and a debate was raised on the adequacy of the dosimetric quantity and on its method of measurement. The aim of this work was to study the methodology for calibrating the EYE-DTM holder with a TLD-100H Harshaw chip detector and to determine its angular and energy dependences in terms of personal dose equivalent, Hp(3).

Hazardous Waste Reduction Naval Air Station Oceana

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-06-01

their inherent nature and/or quantities, require special handling during disposal. Hazardous waste under this definition includes paints, acids, caustics ...including naphthenes ), 2% aromatics with less than 0.1% benzene. The boiling range is fror 3130 to 4040 F. It has a petroleum odor and the threshold limit in...7ulfide sludge is generated in the battery during its lifetime. .- second sludge is generated by pretreatment of the spent battery acids. Both of these

Convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora. 1987 annual report. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1989-04-15

Five tables present all reported 1987 data on international trade, involving the United States, in wildlife and plant species listed on the appendices of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Data on species, quantities, countries involved, purpose of trade, and description of products or specimens are provided.

28 CFR 50.21 - Procedures governing the destruction of contraband drug evidence in the custody of Federal law...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) The term Marijuana is as defined in 21 U.S.C. 801(15) but does not include, for the purposes of this... therein listed, except marijuana, shall be twice the minimum amount required for the most severe mandatory... of marijuana a quantity in excess of the representative sample are seized pursuant to a criminal...

28 CFR 50.21 - Procedures governing the destruction of contraband drug evidence in the custody of Federal law...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) The term Marijuana is as defined in 21 U.S.C. 801(15) but does not include, for the purposes of this... therein listed, except marijuana, shall be twice the minimum amount required for the most severe mandatory... of marijuana a quantity in excess of the representative sample are seized pursuant to a criminal...

28 CFR 50.21 - Procedures governing the destruction of contraband drug evidence in the custody of Federal law...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) The term Marijuana is as defined in 21 U.S.C. 801(15) but does not include, for the purposes of this... therein listed, except marijuana, shall be twice the minimum amount required for the most severe mandatory... of marijuana a quantity in excess of the representative sample are seized pursuant to a criminal...

28 CFR 50.21 - Procedures governing the destruction of contraband drug evidence in the custody of Federal law...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) The term Marijuana is as defined in 21 U.S.C. 801(15) but does not include, for the purposes of this... therein listed, except marijuana, shall be twice the minimum amount required for the most severe mandatory... of marijuana a quantity in excess of the representative sample are seized pursuant to a criminal...

28 CFR 50.21 - Procedures governing the destruction of contraband drug evidence in the custody of Federal law...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) The term Marijuana is as defined in 21 U.S.C. 801(15) but does not include, for the purposes of this... therein listed, except marijuana, shall be twice the minimum amount required for the most severe mandatory... of marijuana a quantity in excess of the representative sample are seized pursuant to a criminal...

Hazardous Compounds in Tobacco Smoke

PubMed Central

Talhout, Reinskje; Schulz, Thomas; Florek, Ewa; van Benthem, Jan; Wester, Piet; Opperhuizen, Antoon

2011-01-01

Tobacco smoke is a toxic and carcinogenic mixture of more than 5,000 chemicals. The present article provides a list of 98 hazardous smoke components, based on an extensive literature search for known smoke components and their human health inhalation risks. An electronic database of smoke components containing more than 2,200 entries was generated. Emission levels in mainstream smoke have been found for 542 of the components and a human inhalation risk value for 98 components. As components with potential carcinogenic, cardiovascular and respiratory effects have been included, the three major smoke-related causes of death are all covered by the list. Given that the currently used Hoffmann list of hazardous smoke components is based on data from the 1990s and only includes carcinogens, it is recommended that the current list of 98 hazardous components is used for regulatory purposes instead. To enable risk assessment of components not covered by this list, thresholds of toxicological concern (TTC) have been established from the inhalation risk values found: 0.0018 μg day−1 for all risks, and 1.2 μg day−1 for all risks excluding carcinogenicity, the latter being similar to previously reported inhalation TTCs. PMID:21556207

Evaluation Criteria for Solid Waste Processing Research and Technology Development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Levri, Julie A.; Hogan, J. A.; Alazraki, M. P.

2001-01-01

A preliminary list of criteria is proposed for evaluation of solid waste processing technologies for research and technology development (R&TD) in the Advanced Life Support (ALS) Program. Completion of the proposed list by current and prospective ALS technology developers, with regard to specific missions of interest, may enable identification of appropriate technologies (or lack thereof) and guide future development efforts for the ALS Program solid waste processing area. An attempt is made to include criteria that capture information about the technology of interest as well as its system-wide impacts. Some of the criteria in the list are mission-independent, while the majority are mission-specific. In order for technology developers to respond to mission-specific criteria, critical information must be available on the quantity, composition and state of the waste stream, the wast processing requirements, as well as top-level mission scenario information (e.g. safety, resource recovery, planetary protection issues, and ESM equivalencies). The technology readiness level (TRL) determines the degree to which a technology developer is able to accurately report on the list of criteria. Thus, a criteria-specific minimum TRL for mandatory reporting has been identified for each criterion in the list. Although this list has been developed to define criteria that are needed to direct funding of solid waste processing technologies, this list processes significant overlap in criteria required for technology selection for inclusion in specific tests or missions. Additionally, this approach to technology evaluation may be adapted to other ALS subsystems.

Analytic Determination of Interference Thresholds for Microwave Landing System Equipment and TACAN/DME Equipment

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-08-01

terminals for the PD channel, in dB, at function level tD /U]lL pea^,, desired-to-average undesired signal power at the phase-locked loop for successful...listed belows MS Receiver Reparation Distance (nmI) estimated Altitude Uetwen Desired & Undesired MS (Kilo feet) Grcnd Nquipment 2.1 42 10 142 20) 1q3

Network Update: Plug-Ins, Forms and All That Java.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Higgins, Chris

1997-01-01

Notes that the desire to make World Wide Web (WWW) pages more interactive and laden with animation, sound, and video brings us to the threshold of the deeper levels of Web page creation. Lists and discusses resources available on the WWW that will aid in learning and using these dynamic functions for Web page development to assist in interactive…

Detrended cross-correlations between returns, volatility, trading activity, and volume traded for the stock market companies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rak, Rafał; Drożdż, Stanisław; Kwapień, Jarosław; Oświȩcimka, Paweł

2015-11-01

We consider a few quantities that characterize trading on a stock market in a fixed time interval: logarithmic returns, volatility, trading activity (i.e., the number of transactions), and volume traded. We search for the power-law cross-correlations among these quantities aggregated over different time units from 1 min to 10 min. Our study is based on empirical data from the American stock market consisting of tick-by-tick recordings of 31 stocks listed in Dow Jones Industrial Average during the years 2008-2011. Since all the considered quantities except the returns show strong daily patterns related to the variable trading activity in different parts of a day, which are the most evident in the autocorrelation function, we remove these patterns by detrending before we proceed further with our study. We apply the multifractal detrended cross-correlation analysis with sign preserving (MFCCA) and show that the strongest power-law cross-correlations exist between trading activity and volume traded, while the weakest ones exist (or even do not exist) between the returns and the remaining quantities. We also show that the strongest cross-correlations are carried by those parts of the signals that are characterized by large and medium variance. Our observation that the most convincing power-law cross-correlations occur between trading activity and volume traded reveals the existence of strong fractal-like coupling between these quantities.

Structured decision making as a conceptual framework to identify thresholds for conservation and management

USGS Publications Warehouse

Martin, J.; Runge, M.C.; Nichols, J.D.; Lubow, B.C.; Kendall, W.L.

2009-01-01

Thresholds and their relevance to conservation have become a major topic of discussion in the ecological literature. Unfortunately, in many cases the lack of a clear conceptual framework for thinking about thresholds may have led to confusion in attempts to apply the concept of thresholds to conservation decisions. Here, we advocate a framework for thinking about thresholds in terms of a structured decision making process. The purpose of this framework is to promote a logical and transparent process for making informed decisions for conservation. Specification of such a framework leads naturally to consideration of definitions and roles of different kinds of thresholds in the process. We distinguish among three categories of thresholds. Ecological thresholds are values of system state variables at which small changes bring about substantial changes in system dynamics. Utility thresholds are components of management objectives (determined by human values) and are values of state or performance variables at which small changes yield substantial changes in the value of the management outcome. Decision thresholds are values of system state variables at which small changes prompt changes in management actions in order to reach specified management objectives. The approach that we present focuses directly on the objectives of management, with an aim to providing decisions that are optimal with respect to those objectives. This approach clearly distinguishes the components of the decision process that are inherently subjective (management objectives, potential management actions) from those that are more objective (system models, estimates of system state). Optimization based on these components then leads to decision matrices specifying optimal actions to be taken at various values of system state variables. Values of state variables separating different actions in such matrices are viewed as decision thresholds. Utility thresholds are included in the objectives component, and ecological thresholds may be embedded in models projecting consequences of management actions. Decision thresholds are determined by the above-listed components of a structured decision process. These components may themselves vary over time, inducing variation in the decision thresholds inherited from them. These dynamic decision thresholds can then be determined using adaptive management. We provide numerical examples (that are based on patch occupancy models) of structured decision processes that include all three kinds of thresholds. ?? 2009 by the Ecological Society of America.

Suture cost savings in the OR.

PubMed

Walsh, Susanna S

2012-05-01

Materials management personnel at a health care facility in Baltimore, Maryland, were stocking too much suture. They stocked suture requested by surgeons or recommended by suture company representatives, and, because the facility is a teaching institution, they stocked suture requested by residents. No master suture database was available to determine what was needed and what was not. As a result, some suture was rarely used, which cost the facility money and took up inventory space. In response, I created a list of the existing inventory and coordinated with the specialty surgical service coordinators to determine which suture was typically used and in what quantities. I used this information to create a master list, with the goal of eliminating the purchase of suture that was not on this list. I gave the staff members and surgeons two months to assess the list and determine whether the suggested suture was sufficient for their needs. I then asked the materials management personnel to order and maintain suture stock based on the master list. This process took approximately four months and shows how health care providers can take a high-volume item, such as suture, and create cost-saving processes that will serve surgeons' and patients' needs while reducing costs and streamlining stock. Copyright © 2012 AORN, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The Air Force Processes for Approving Air Force Life Cycle Management Center Single-Award Indefinite-Delivery Indefinite-Quantity Contracts Need Improvement

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-04-29

Force senior procurement executive (SPE), did not approve four D&Fs for three contracts because SAF/AQ officials incorrectly concluded that senior ...by the senior procurement executive (SPE) when awarding single-award IDIQ contracts estimated to exceed the dollar threshold then at $103 million...Procurement and Acquisition Policy (DPAP), as required. We will provide a copy of the report to the senior official responsible for internal

The influence of the focus position on laser machining and laser micro-structuring monocrystalline diamond surface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Mingtao; Guo, Bing; Zhao, Qingliang; Fan, Rongwei; Dong, Zhiwei; Yu, Xin

2018-06-01

Micro-structured surface on diamond is widely used in microelectronics, optical elements, MEMS and NEMS components, ultra-precision machining tools, etc. The efficient micro-structuring of diamond material is still a challenging task. In this article, the influence of the focus position on laser machining and laser micro-structuring monocrystalline diamond surface were researched. At the beginning, the ablation threshold and its incubation effect of monocrystalline diamond were determined and discussed. As the accumulated laser pulses ranged from 40 to 5000, the laser ablation threshold decreased from 1.48 J/cm2 to 0.97 J/cm2. Subsequently, the variation of the ablation width and ablation depth in laser machining were studied. With enough pulse energy, the ablation width mainly depended on the laser propagation attributes while the ablation depth was a complex function of the focus position. Raman analysis was used to detect the variation of the laser machined diamond surface after the laser machining experiments. Graphite formation was discovered on the machined diamond surface and graphitization was enhanced after the defocusing quantity exceeded 45 μm. At last, several micro-structured surfaces were successfully fabricated on diamond surface with the defined micro-structure patterns and structuring ratios just by adjusting the defocusing quantity. The experimental structuring ratio was consistent with the theoretical analysis.

Using the Non-Intrusive Load Monitor for Shipboard Supervisory Control

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-01

consists of a NEMA certified enclosure with voltage transducers and a DC power supply inside, appropriately sized current transducers, and a...command to the UEC. UEC starts a 300-second (5 minutes). “GTM __ TRANSITIONING TO COOLDOWN” is displayed on the AMLCD. “ NORM STOP/COOLDOWN...MMA-010, 01 Jul 1992. 80 Appendix A NILM Parts List Nomenclature Manufacturer Part Number Quantity NEMA Enclosure Rittal Corporation

THUIR at TREC 2009 Web Track: Finding Relevant and Diverse Results for Large Scale Web Search

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-11-01

Porn words‟ filtering is also one of the anti-spam techniques in real world search engines. A list of porn words was found from the internet [2...When the numbers of the porn words in the page is larger than α, then the page is taken as the spam. In our experiments, the threshold is set to 16

Evaluation of bone formation in calcium phosphate scaffolds with μCT-method validation using SEM.

PubMed

Lewin, S; Barba, A; Persson, C; Franch, J; Ginebra, M-P; Öhman-Mägi, C

2017-10-05

There is a plethora of calcium phosphate (CaP) scaffolds used as synthetic substitutes to bone grafts. The scaffold performance is often evaluated from the quantity of bone formed within or in direct contact with the scaffold. Micro-computed tomography (μCT) allows three-dimensional evaluation of bone formation inside scaffolds. However, the almost identical x-ray attenuation of CaP and bone obtrude the separation of these phases in μCT images. Commonly, segmentation of bone in μCT images is based on gray scale intensity, with manually determined global thresholds. However, image analysis methods, and methods for manual thresholding in particular, lack standardization and may consequently suffer from subjectivity. The aim of the present study was to provide a methodological framework for addressing these issues. Bone formation in two types of CaP scaffold architectures (foamed and robocast), obtained from a larger animal study (a 12 week canine animal model) was evaluated by μCT. In addition, cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were acquired as references to determine thresholds and to validate the result. μCT datasets were registered to the corresponding SEM reference. Global thresholds were then determined by quantitatively correlating the different area fractions in the μCT image, towards the area fractions in the corresponding SEM image. For comparison, area fractions were also quantified using global thresholds determined manually by two different approaches. In the validation the manually determined thresholds resulted in large average errors in area fraction (up to 17%), whereas for the evaluation using SEM references, the errors were estimated to be less than 3%. Furthermore, it was found that basing the thresholds on one single SEM reference gave lower errors than determining them manually. This study provides an objective, robust and less error prone method to determine global thresholds for the evaluation of bone formation in CaP scaffolds.

Perceptions and practices of commensality and solo-eating among Korean and Japanese university students: A cross-cultural analysis.

PubMed

Cho, Wookyoun; Takeda, Wakako; Oh, Yujin; Aiba, Naomi; Lee, Youngmee

2015-10-01

Commensality, eating together with others, is a major representation of human sociality. In recent time, environments around commensality have changed significantly due to rapid social changes, and the decline of commensality is perceived as a serious concern in many modern societies. This study employs a cross-cultural analysis of university students in two East Asian countries, and examines cross-cultural variations of perceptions and actual practices of commensality and solo-eating. The analysis was drawn from a free-list survey and a self-administrative questionnaires of university students in urban Korea and Japan. The free-listing survey was conducted with a small cohort to explore common images and meanings of commensality and solo-eating. The self-administrative questionnaire was developed based on the result of the free-list survey, and conducted with a larger cohort to examine reasons and problems of practices and associated behaviors and food intake. We found that Korean subjects tended to show stronger associations between solo-eating and negative emotions while the Japanese subjects expressed mixed emotions towards the practice of solo-eating. In the questionnaire, more Korean students reported they prefer commensality and tend to eat more quantities when they eat commensally. In contrast, more Japanese reported that they do not have preference on commensality and there is no notable difference in food quantities when they eat commensally and alone. Compared to the general Korean cohort finding, more proportion of overweight and obese groups of Korean subjects reported that they tend to eat more when they are alone than normal and underweight groups. This difference was not found in the overweight Japanese subjects. Our study revealed cross-cultural variations of perceptions and practices of commensality and solo-eating in a non-western setting.

Hugoniot model for Si from L140

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Whitley, H. D.; Wu, C. J.

2016-09-20

In this document, we provide the Hugoniot for silicon from LEOS table L140. The Hugoniot pressures are supplied for temperatures between 298.0 and 1:16 10 9 Kelvin and densities of 2.329 and 10.07 g/cc. This EOS model was developed by the quotidian EOS methodology, which is a widely used and robust method for producing tabular EOS data.[1, 2] Table 1 lists the included quantities and units of those data.

Microstructure and Strain Rate Effects on the Mechanical Behavior of Particle Reinforced Epoxy-Based Reactive Materials

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-12-01

LIST OF TABLES 2.1 Experimentally measured mechanical properties of pure epoxy and Ni+ Al powder -reinforced composites...for the same quantity of Cu , Ni, and Al deposited . Figure taken from [31]. stronger reactivity of Cu with metals also caused clusters to form. In the...Experimentally measured mechanical properties of pure epoxy and Ni+ Al powder -reinforced composites. Table data is from [14] Material Density Measured E

Quantifying how the full local distribution of daily precipitation is changing and its uncertainties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stainforth, David; Chapman, Sandra; Watkins, Nicholas

2016-04-01

The study of the consequences of global warming would benefit from quantification of geographical patterns of change at specific thresholds or quantiles, and better understandings of the intrinsic uncertainties in such quantities. For precipitation a range of indices have been developed which focus on high percentiles (e.g. rainfall falling on days above the 99th percentile) and on absolute extremes (e.g. maximum annual one day precipitation) but scientific assessments are best undertaken in the context of changes in the whole climatic distribution. Furthermore, the relevant thresholds for climate-vulnerable policy decisions, adaptation planning and impact assessments, vary according to the specific sector and location of interest. We present a methodology which maintains the flexibility to provide information at different thresholds for different downstream users, both scientists and decision makers. We develop a method[1,2] for analysing local climatic timeseries to assess which quantiles of the local climatic distribution show the greatest and most robust changes in daily precipitation data. We extract from the data quantities that characterize the changes in time of the likelihood of daily precipitation above a threshold and of the amount of precipitation on those days. Our method is a simple mathematical deconstruction of how the difference between two observations from two different time periods can be assigned to the combination of natural statistical variability and/or the consequences of secular climate change. This deconstruction facilitates an assessment of how fast different quantiles of precipitation distributions are changing. This involves not only determining which quantiles and geographical locations show the greatest and smallest changes, but also those at which uncertainty undermines the ability to make confident statements about any change there may be. We demonstrate this approach using E-OBS gridded data[3] which are timeseries of local daily precipitation across Europe over the last 60+ years. We treat geographical location and precipitation as independent variables and thus obtain as outputs the geographical pattern of change at given thresholds of precipitation. This information is model- independent, thus providing data of direct value in model calibration and assessment. [1] S C Chapman, D A Stainforth, N W Watkins, 2013, On Estimating Local Long Term Climate Trends, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A, 371 20120287; D. A. Stainforth, 2013 [2] S C Chapman, D A Stainforth, N W Watkins, 2015 Limits to the quantification of local climate change, ERL,10, 094018 (2015), ERL,10, 094018 [3] M R Haylock et al . 2008: A European daily high-resolution gridded dataset of surface temperature and precipitation. J. Geophys. Res (Atmospheres), 113, D20119

Chemical hazards database and detection system for Microgravity and Materials Processing Facility (MMPF)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Steele, Jimmy; Smith, Robert E.

1991-01-01

The ability to identify contaminants associated with experiments and facilities is directly related to the safety of the Space Station. A means of identifying these contaminants has been developed through this contracting effort. The delivered system provides a listing of the materials and/or chemicals associated with each facility, information as to the contaminant's physical state, a list of the quantity and/or volume of each suspected contaminant, a database of the toxicological hazards associated with each contaminant, a recommended means of rapid identification of the contaminants under operational conditions, a method of identifying possible failure modes and effects analysis associated with each facility, and a fault tree-type analysis that will provide a means of identifying potential hazardous conditions related to future planned missions.

The bibliometrics of atmospheric environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brimblecombe, Peter; Grossi, Carlota M.

Bibliometric analysis is an important tool in the management of a journal. SCOPUS output is used to assess the increase in the quantity of material in Atmospheric Environment and stylistic changes in the way authors choose words and punctuation in titles and assemble their reference lists. Citation analysis is used to consider the impact factor of the journal, but perhaps more importantly the way in which it reflects the importance authors give to papers published in Atmospheric Environment. The impact factor of Atmospheric Environment (2.549 for 2007) from the Journal Citation Reports suggests it performs well within the atmospheric sciences, but it conceals the long term value authors place on papers appearing in the journal. Reference lists show that a fifth come through citing papers more than a decade old.

Understanding the geographic distribution of tropical cyclone formation for applications in climate models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tory, Kevin J.; Ye, H.; Dare, R. A.

2018-04-01

Projections of Tropical cyclone (TC) formation under future climate scenarios are dependent on climate model simulations. However, many models produce unrealistic geographical distributions of TC formation, especially in the north and south Atlantic and eastern south Pacific TC basins. In order to improve confidence in projections it is important to understand the reasons behind these model errors. However, considerable effort is required to analyse the many models used in projection studies. To address this problem, a novel diagnostic is developed that provides compelling insight into why TCs form where they do, using a few summary diagrams. The diagnostic is developed after identifying a relationship between seasonal climatologies of atmospheric variables in 34 years of ECMWF reanalysis data, and TC detection distributions in the same data. Geographic boundaries of TC formation are constructed from four threshold quantities. TCs form where Emanuel's Maximum Potential Intensity, V_{{PI}}, exceeds 40 {ms}^{{ - 1}}, 700 hPa relative humidity, RH_{{700}}, exceeds 40%, and the magnitude of the difference in vector winds between 850 and 200 hPa, V_{{sh}}, is less than 20 {ms}^{{ - 1}}. The equatorial boundary is best defined by a composite quantity containing the ratio of absolute vorticity (η ) to the meridional gradient of absolute vorticity (β ^{*}), rather than η alone. {β ^*} is also identified as a potentially important ingredient for TC genesis indices. A comparison of detected Tropical Depression (TD) and Tropical Storm (TS) climatologies revealed TDs more readily intensify further to TS where {V_{PI}} is elevated and {V_{sh}} is relatively weak. The distributions of each threshold quantity identify the factors that favour and suppress TC formation throughout the tropics in the real world. This information can be used to understand why TC formation is poorly represented in some climate models, and shows potential for understanding anomalous TC formation behaviour in the real world.

Erratum: Erratum to: A Novel Approach to Determination of Threshold for Stress Corrosion Cracking (KISCC) using Round Tensile Specimens

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Singh Raman, R. K.; Rihan, R.; Ibrahim, R. N.

2017-11-01

Due to an error by the authors, the reference R. Rihan, R.K. Singh Raman, and R.N. Ibrahim: Materials Science and Engineering A, 2006, vol. 425, pp. 272-77 should have been included in the list of references as well as cited as a source of the data in Figures 11, 12 and 16.

UIC at TREC 2008 Blog Track

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-11-01

T or more words, where T is a threshold that is empirically set to 300 in the experiment. The second rule aims to remove pornographic documents...Some blog documents are embedded with pornographic words to attract search traffic. We identify a list of pornographic words. Given a blog document, all...document, this document is considered pornographic spam, and is discarded. The third rule removes documents written in foreign languages. We count the

Identification of threshold concepts for biochemistry.

PubMed

Loertscher, Jennifer; Green, David; Lewis, Jennifer E; Lin, Sara; Minderhout, Vicky

2014-01-01

Threshold concepts (TCs) are concepts that, when mastered, represent a transformed understanding of a discipline without which the learner cannot progress. We have undertaken a process involving more than 75 faculty members and 50 undergraduate students to identify a working list of TCs for biochemistry. The process of identifying TCs for biochemistry was modeled on extensive work related to TCs across a range of disciplines and included faculty workshops and student interviews. Using an iterative process, we prioritized five concepts on which to focus future development of instructional materials. Broadly defined, the concepts are steady state, biochemical pathway dynamics and regulation, the physical basis of interactions, thermodynamics of macromolecular structure formation, and free energy. The working list presented here is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather is meant to identify a subset of TCs for biochemistry for which instructional and assessment tools for undergraduate biochemistry will be developed. © 2014 J. Loertscher et al. CBE—Life Sciences Education © 2014 The American Society for Cell Biology. This article is distributed by The American Society for Cell Biology under license from the author(s). It is available to the public under an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0).

The terrestrial gravitational wave environment from known sources

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Webbink, Ronald F.

1993-01-01

The objective of this project was to produce a gravitational wave spectral line list of all known binary stars producing expected strain amplitudes at Earth in excess of h = 10 (exp -21), or gravitational wave fluxes in excess of F = 10 (exp -12) erg cm(exp -2) s(exp -1). These strain and flux limits lie above the anticipated detection thresholds for space-borne laser interferometers capable of detecting gravitational radiation in the 10 micron Hz to 1 Hz frequency range. The source list was intended to provide frequency (including each harmonic), amplitude and phase (for each polarization and harmonic), and celestial coordinates for each system, lacking only the orientation of the principal polarization axis with respect to the pole of the coordinate system, and the sign of the source phase and frequency (or, equivalently, of the sense of rotation of the strain tensor with time) from providing a complete source description. Such a spectral line list would lay essential groundwork for high-sensitivity, low-frequency searches for gravitational radiation.

The ScanTrainer obstetrics and gynaecology ultrasound virtual reality training simulator: A cost model to determine the cost viability of replacing clinical training with simulation training.

PubMed

Carolan-Rees, G; Ray, A F

2015-05-01

The aim of this study was to produce an economic cost model comparing the use of the Medaphor ScanTrainer virtual reality training simulator for obstetrics and gynaecology ultrasound to achieve basic competence, with the traditional training method. A literature search and survey of expert opinion were used to identify resources used in training. An executable model was produced in Excel. The model showed a cost saving for a clinic using the ScanTrainer of £7114 per annum. The uncertainties of the model were explored and it was found to be robust. Threshold values for the key drivers of the model were identified. Using the ScanTrainer is cost saving for clinics with at least two trainees per year to train, if it would take at least six lists to train them using the traditional training method and if a traditional training list has at least two fewer patients than a standard list.

MiR-137-derived polygenic risk: effects on cognitive performance in patients with schizophrenia and controls.

PubMed

Cosgrove, D; Harold, D; Mothersill, O; Anney, R; Hill, M J; Bray, N J; Blokland, G; Petryshen, T; Richards, A; Mantripragada, K; Owen, M; O'Donovan, M C; Gill, M; Corvin, A; Morris, D W; Donohoe, G

2017-01-24

Variants at microRNA-137 (MIR137), one of the most strongly associated schizophrenia risk loci identified to date, have been associated with poorer cognitive performance. As microRNA-137 is known to regulate the expression of ~1900 other genes, including several that are independently associated with schizophrenia, we tested whether this gene set was also associated with variation in cognitive performance. Our analysis was based on an empirically derived list of genes whose expression was altered by manipulation of MIR137 expression. This list was cross-referenced with genome-wide schizophrenia association data to construct individual polygenic scores. We then tested, in a sample of 808 patients and 192 controls, whether these risk scores were associated with altered performance on cognitive functions known to be affected in schizophrenia. A subgroup of healthy participants also underwent functional imaging during memory (n=108) and face processing tasks (n=83). Increased polygenic risk within the empirically derived miR-137 regulated gene score was associated with significantly lower performance on intelligence quotient, working memory and episodic memory. These effects were observed most clearly at a polygenic threshold of P=0.05, although significant results were observed at all three thresholds analyzed. This association was found independently for the gene set as a whole, excluding the schizophrenia-associated MIR137 SNP itself. Analysis of the spatial working memory fMRI task further suggested that increased risk score (thresholded at P=10 -5 ) was significantly associated with increased activation of the right inferior occipital gyrus. In conclusion, these data are consistent with emerging evidence that MIR137 associated risk for schizophrenia may relate to its broader downstream genetic effects.

Ink dating part II: Interpretation of results in a legal perspective.

PubMed

Koenig, Agnès; Weyermann, Céline

2018-01-01

The development of an ink dating method requires an important investment of resources in order to step from the monitoring of ink ageing on paper to the determination of the actual age of a questioned ink entry. This article aimed at developing and evaluating the potential of three interpretation models to date ink entries in a legal perspective: (1) the threshold model comparing analytical results to tabulated values in order to determine the maximal possible age of an ink entry, (2) the trend tests that focusing on the "ageing status" of an ink entry, and (3) the likelihood ratio calculation comparing the probabilities to observe the results under at least two alternative hypotheses. This is the first report showing ink dating interpretation results on a ballpoint be ink reference population. In the first part of this paper three ageing parameters were selected as promising from the population of 25 ink entries aged during 4 to 304days: the quantity of phenoxyethanol (PE), the difference between the PE quantities contained in a naturally aged sample and an artificially aged sample (R NORM ) and the solvent loss ratio (R%). In the current part, each model was tested using the three selected ageing parameters. Results showed that threshold definition remains a simple model easily applicable in practice, but that the risk of false positive cannot be completely avoided without reducing significantly the feasibility of the ink dating approaches. The trend tests from the literature showed unreliable results and an alternative had to be developed yielding encouraging results. The likelihood ratio calculation introduced a degree of certainty to the ink dating conclusion in comparison to the threshold approach. The proposed model remains quite simple to apply in practice, but should be further developed in order to yield reliable results in practice. Copyright © 2017 The Chartered Society of Forensic Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

75 FR 34277 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; FAR Case 2008-007, Additional Requirements for Market Research

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-16

...The Civilian Agency Acquisition Council and the Defense Acquisition Regulations Council (Councils) have agreed on an interim rule amending the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) to implement Section 826 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 (FY08 NDAA). Section 826 established additional requirements in subsection (c) of 10 U.S.C. 2377. As a matter of policy, these requirements are extended to all executive agencies. Specifically, the head of the agency must conduct market research before issuing an indefinite-delivery indefinite-quantity (ID/IQ) task or delivery order for a noncommercial item in excess of the simplified acquisition threshold. In addition, a prime contractor with a contract in excess of $5 million for the procurement of items other than commercial items is required to conduct market research before making purchases that exceed the simplified acquisition threshold for or on behalf of the Government.

Expanding Lipidome Coverage Using LC-MS/MS Data-Dependent Acquisition with Automated Exclusion List Generation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koelmel, Jeremy P.; Kroeger, Nicholas M.; Gill, Emily L.; Ulmer, Candice Z.; Bowden, John A.; Patterson, Rainey E.; Yost, Richard A.; Garrett, Timothy J.

2017-05-01

Untargeted omics analyses aim to comprehensively characterize biomolecules within a biological system. Changes in the presence or quantity of these biomolecules can indicate important biological perturbations, such as those caused by disease. With current technological advancements, the entire genome can now be sequenced; however, in the burgeoning fields of lipidomics, only a subset of lipids can be identified. The recent emergence of high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HR-MS/MS), in combination with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography, has resulted in an increased coverage of the lipidome. Nevertheless, identifications from MS/MS are generally limited by the number of precursors that can be selected for fragmentation during chromatographic elution. Therefore, we developed the software IE-Omics to automate iterative exclusion (IE), where selected precursors using data-dependent topN analyses are excluded in sequential injections. In each sequential injection, unique precursors are fragmented until HR-MS/MS spectra of all ions above a user-defined intensity threshold are acquired. IE-Omics was applied to lipidomic analyses in Red Cross plasma and substantia nigra tissue. Coverage of the lipidome was drastically improved using IE. When applying IE-Omics to Red Cross plasma and substantia nigra lipid extracts in positive ion mode, 69% and 40% more molecular identifications were obtained, respectively. In addition, applying IE-Omics to a lipidomics workflow increased the coverage of trace species, including odd-chained and short-chained diacylglycerides and oxidized lipid species. By increasing the coverage of the lipidome, applying IE to a lipidomics workflow increases the probability of finding biomarkers and provides additional information for determining etiology of disease.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Parthasarathy, Srinandini; McKone, Thomas E.; Apte, Michael G.

This report summarizes the screening procedure and its results for selecting contaminants of concern (COC), whose concentrations are affected by ventilation in commercial buildings. Many pollutants comprising criteria pollutants, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) and biological contaminants are found in commercial buildings. In this report, we focus primarily on identifying potential volatile organic COC, which are impacted by ventilation. In the future we plan to extend this effort to inorganic gases and particles. Our screening considers compounds detected frequently in indoor air and compares the concentrations to health-guidelines and thresholds. However, given the range of buildings undermore » consideration, the contaminant sources and their concentrations will vary depending on the activity and use of the buildings. We used a literature review to identify a large list of chemicals found in commercial-building indoor air. The VOCs selected were subject to a two stage screening process, and the compounds of greater interest are included in priority List A. Other VOCs that have been detected in commercial buildings are included in priority List B. The compounds in List B, were further classified into groups B1, B2, B3, B4 in order of decreasing interest.« less

An Exponential Regulator for Rapidity Divergences

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, Ye; Neill, Duff; Zhu, Hua Xing

2016-04-01

Finding an efficient and compelling regularization of soft and collinear degrees of freedom at the same invariant mass scale, but separated in rapidity is a persistent problem in high-energy factorization. In the course of a calculation, one encounters divergences unregulated by dimensional regularization, often called rapidity divergences. Once regulated, a general framework exists for their renormalization, the rapidity renormalization group (RRG), leading to fully resummed calculations of transverse momentum (to the jet axis) sensitive quantities. We examine how this regularization can be implemented via a multi-differential factorization of the soft-collinear phase-space, leading to an (in principle) alternative non-perturbative regularization ofmore » rapidity divergences. As an example, we examine the fully-differential factorization of a color singlet's momentum spectrum in a hadron-hadron collision at threshold. We show how this factorization acts as a mother theory to both traditional threshold and transverse momentum resummation, recovering the classical results for both resummations. Examining the refactorization of the transverse momentum beam functions in the threshold region, we show that one can directly calculate the rapidity renormalized function, while shedding light on the structure of joint resummation. Finally, we show how using modern bootstrap techniques, the transverse momentum spectrum is determined by an expansion about the threshold factorization, leading to a viable higher loop scheme for calculating the relevant anomalous dimensions for the transverse momentum spectrum.« less

Digital camera auto white balance based on color temperature estimation clustering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Lei; Liu, Peng; Liu, Yuling; Yu, Feihong

2010-11-01

Auto white balance (AWB) is an important technique for digital cameras. Human vision system has the ability to recognize the original color of an object in a scene illuminated by a light source that has a different color temperature from D65-the standard sun light. However, recorded images or video clips, can only record the original information incident into the sensor. Therefore, those recorded will appear different from the real scene observed by the human. Auto white balance is a technique to solve this problem. Traditional methods such as gray world assumption, white point estimation, may fail for scenes with large color patches. In this paper, an AWB method based on color temperature estimation clustering is presented and discussed. First, the method gives a list of several lighting conditions that are common for daily life, which are represented by their color temperatures, and thresholds for each color temperature to determine whether a light source is this kind of illumination; second, an image to be white balanced are divided into N blocks (N is determined empirically). For each block, the gray world assumption method is used to calculate the color cast, which can be used to estimate the color temperature of that block. Third, each calculated color temperature are compared with the color temperatures in the given illumination list. If the color temperature of a block is not within any of the thresholds in the given list, that block is discarded. Fourth, the remaining blocks are given a majority selection, the color temperature having the most blocks are considered as the color temperature of the light source. Experimental results show that the proposed method works well for most commonly used light sources. The color casts are removed and the final images look natural.

A Simple Framework for Evaluating Authorial Contributions for Scientific Publications.

PubMed

Warrender, Jeffrey M

2016-10-01

A simple tool is provided to assist researchers in assessing contributions to a scientific publication, for ease in evaluating which contributors qualify for authorship, and in what order the authors should be listed. The tool identifies four phases of activity leading to a publication-Conception and Design, Data Acquisition, Analysis and Interpretation, and Manuscript Preparation. By comparing a project participant's contribution in a given phase to several specified thresholds, a score of up to five points can be assigned; the contributor's scores in all four phases are summed to yield a total "contribution score", which is compared to a threshold to determine which contributors merit authorship. This tool may be useful in a variety of contexts in which a systematic approach to authorial credit is desired.

Discrimination of clinically significant calcium salts using MARS spectral CT

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kirkbride, T. E.; Raja, A.; Mueller, K.; Bateman, C. J.; Becce, F.; Anderson, N.

2017-03-01

Calcium compounds within tissues are usually a sign of pathology, and calcium crystal type is often a pointer to the diagnosis. There are clinical advantages in being able to determine the quantity and type of calcifications non-invasively in cardiovascular, genitourinary and musculoskeletal disorders, and treatment differs depending on the crystal type and quantity. The problem arises when trying to distinguish between different calcium compounds within the same image due to their similar attenuation properties. There are spectroscopic differences between calcium salts at very low energies. As calcium oxalate and calcium hydroxyapatite can co-exist in breast and musculoskeletal pathologies of the breast, we wished to determine whether Spectral CT could distinguish between them in the same image at clinical X-ray energy ranges. Energy thresholds of 15, 22, 29 and 36keV and tube voltages of 50, 80 and 110kVp were chosen, and images were analysed to determine the percentage difference in the attenuation coefficients of calcium hydroxyapatite samples at concentrations of 54.3, 211.7, 808.5 and 1169.3mg/ml, and calcium oxalate at a concentration of 2000 mg/ml. The two lower concentrations of calcium hydroxyapatite were distinguishable from calcium oxalate at all energies and all tube voltages, whereas the ability to discriminate oxalate from hydroxyapatite at higher concentrations was dependent on the threshold energy but only mildly dependent on the tube voltage used. Spectral CT shows promise for distinguishing clinically important calcium salts.

ASRDI oxygen technology survey. Volume 5: Density and liquid level measurement instrumentation for the cryogenic fluids oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roder, H. M.

1974-01-01

Information is presented on instrumentation for density measurement, liquid level measurement, quantity gauging, and phase measurement. Coverage of existing information directly concerned with oxygen was given primary emphasis. A description of the physical principle of measurement for each instrumentation type is included. The basic materials of construction are listed if available from the source document for each instrument discussed. Cleaning requirements, procedures, and verification techniques are included.

Conductive paint-filled cement paste sensor for accelerated percolation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Laflamme, Simon; Pinto, Irvin; Saleem, Hussam S.; Elkashef, Mohamed; Wang, Kejin; Cochran, Eric

2015-04-01

Cementitious-based strain sensors can be used as robust monitoring systems for civil engineering applications, such as road pavements and historic structures. To enable large-scale deployments, the fillers used in creating a conductive material must be inexpensive and easy to mix homogeneously. Carbon black (CB) particles constitute a promising filler due to their low cost and ease of dispersion. However, a relatively high quantity of these particles needs to be mixed with cement in order to reach the percolation threshold. Such level may influence the physical properties of the cementitious material itself, such as compressive and tensile strengths. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of utilizing a polymer to create conductive chains of CB more quickly than in a cementitious-only medium. This way, while the resulting material would have a higher conductivity, the percolation threshold would be reached with fewer CB particles. Building on the principle that the percolation threshold provides great sensing sensitivity, it would be possible to fabricate sensors using less conducting particles. We present results from a preliminary investigation comparing the utilization of a conductive paint fabricated from a poly-Styrene-co-Ethylene-co-Butylene-co-Styrene (SEBS) polymer matrix and CB, and CB-only as fillers to create cementitious sensors. Preliminary results show that the percolation threshold can be attained with significantly less CB using the SEBS+CB mix. Also, the study of the strain sensing properties indicates that the SEBS+CB sensor has a strain sensitivity comparable to the one of a CB-only cementitious sensor when comparing specimens fabricated at their respective percolation thresholds.

Quantification and Evidence for Mechanically Metered Release of Pygidial Secretions in Formic Acid-Producing Carabid Beetles

PubMed Central

Will, Kipling W.; Gill, Aman S.; Lee, Hyeunjoo; Attygalle, Athula B.

2010-01-01

This study is the first to measure the quantity of pygidial gland secretions released defensively by carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and to accurately measure the relative quantity of formic acid contained in their pygidial gland reservoirs and spray emissions. Individuals of three typical formic acid producing species were induced to repeatedly spray, ultimately exhausting their chemical compound reserves. Beetles were subjected to faux attacks using forceps and weighed before and after each ejection of chemicals. Platynus brunneomarginatus (Mannerheim) (Platynini), P. ovipennis (Mannerheim) (Platynini) and Calathus ruficollis Dejean (Sphodrini), sprayed average quantities with standard error of 0.313 ± 0.172 mg, 0.337 ± 0.230 mg, and 0.197 ± 0.117 mg per spray event, respectively. The quantity an individual beetle released when induced to spray tended to decrease with each subsequent spray event. The quantity emitted in a single spray was correlated to the quantity held in the reservoirs at the time of spraying for beetles whose reserves are greater than the average amount emitted in a spray event. For beetles with a quantity less than the average amount sprayed in reserve there was no significant correlation. For beetles comparable in terms of size, physiological condition and gland reservoir fullness, the shape of the gland reservoirs and musculature determined that a similar effort at each spray event would mechanically meter out the release so that a greater amount was emitted when more was available in the reservoir. The average percentage of formic acid was established for these species as 34.2%, 73.5% and 34.1% for for P. brunneomarginatus, P. ovipennis and C. ruficollis, respectively. The average quantities of formic acid released by individuals of these species was less than two-thirds the amount shown to be lethal to ants in previously published experiments. However, the total quantity from multiple spray events from a single individual could aggregate to quantities at or above the lethal level, and lesser quantities are known to act as ant alarm pheromones. Using a model, one directed spray of the formic acid and hydrocarbon mix could spread to an area of 5–8 cm diameter and persisted for 9–22 seconds at a threshold level known to induce alarm behaviors in ants. These results show that carabid defensive secretions may act as a potent and relatively prolonged defense against ants or similar predators even at a sub-lethal dose. PMID:20575743

HS-SPME-GC-MS/MS Method for the Rapid and Sensitive Quantitation of 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline in Single Rice Kernels.

PubMed

Hopfer, Helene; Jodari, Farman; Negre-Zakharov, Florence; Wylie, Phillip L; Ebeler, Susan E

2016-05-25

Demand for aromatic rice varieties (e.g., Basmati) is increasing in the US. Aromatic varieties typically have elevated levels of the aroma compound 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP). Due to its very low aroma threshold, analysis of 2AP provides a useful screening tool for rice breeders. Methods for 2AP analysis in rice should quantitate 2AP at or below sensory threshold level, avoid artifactual 2AP generation, and be able to analyze single rice kernels in cases where only small sample quantities are available (e.g., breeding trials). We combined headspace solid phase microextraction with gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS/MS) for analysis of 2AP, using an extraction temperature of 40 °C and a stable isotopologue as internal standard. 2AP calibrations were linear between the concentrations of 53 and 5380 pg/g, with detection limits below the sensory threshold of 2AP. Forty-eight aromatic and nonaromatic, milled rice samples from three harvest years were screened with the method for their 2AP content, and overall reproducibility, observed for all samples, ranged from 5% for experimental aromatic lines to 33% for nonaromatic lines.

Threshold Level and Traceability of Roundup Ready® Soybeans in Tofu Production

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

Summary The aim of this study is to assess DNA degradation, DNA amplification, and GMO quantity during tofu production. Soybean seeds were spiked with Roundup Ready® soybeans (RRS) at 0.9, 2, 3 and 5% (by mass), to assess the level of RSS that would be of practical interest for threshold labelling. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was more effective than conventional PCR in the analysis of raw soymilk, okara, boiled soymilk and tofu. The negative effect of grinding and mechanical manipulation was obvious in the okara sample prepared with 3 and 5% RRS, where GMO content was reduced to (2.28±0.23) and (2.74±0.26) %, respectively. However, heating at 100 °C for 10 min did not cause significant degradation of DNA in all samples. The content of RRS in the final product, tofu, was reduced tenfold during processing, ranging from 0.07 to 0.46%, which was below the labelling threshold level. The results are discussed in terms of global harmonization of GMO standards, which could have the positive effect on the trade of lightly processed foodstuffs such as tofu, especially regarding the labelling policies. PMID:29540978

Threshold Level and Traceability of Roundup Ready® Soybeans in Tofu Production.

PubMed

Nikolić, Zorica; Petrović, Gordana; Panković, Dejana; Ignjatov, Maja; Marinković, Dragana; Stojanović, Milan; Đorđević, Vuk

2017-12-01

The aim of this study is to assess DNA degradation, DNA amplification, and GMO quantity during tofu production. Soybean seeds were spiked with Roundup Ready ® soybeans (RRS) at 0.9, 2, 3 and 5% (by mass), to assess the level of RSS that would be of practical interest for threshold labelling. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was more effective than conventional PCR in the analysis of raw soymilk, okara, boiled soymilk and tofu. The negative effect of grinding and mechanical manipulation was obvious in the okara sample prepared with 3 and 5% RRS, where GMO content was reduced to (2.28±0.23) and (2.74±0.26) %, respectively. However, heating at 100 °C for 10 min did not cause significant degradation of DNA in all samples. The content of RRS in the final product, tofu, was reduced tenfold during processing, ranging from 0.07 to 0.46%, which was below the labelling threshold level. The results are discussed in terms of global harmonization of GMO standards, which could have the positive effect on the trade of lightly processed foodstuffs such as tofu, especially regarding the labelling policies.

Cost-Savings Analysis of Renal Scintigraphy, Stratified by Renal Function Thresholds: Mercaptoacetyltriglycine Versus Diethylene Triamine Penta-Acetic Acid.

PubMed

Parikh, Kushal R; Davenport, Matthew S; Viglianti, Benjamin L; Hubers, David; Brown, Richard K J

2016-07-01

To determine the financial implications of switching technetium (Tc)-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG-3) to Tc-99m diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA) at certain renal function thresholds before renal scintigraphy. Institutional review board approval was obtained, and informed consent was waived for this HIPAA-compliant, retrospective, cohort study. Consecutive adult subjects (27 inpatients; 124 outpatients) who underwent MAG-3 renal scintigraphy, in the period from July 1, 2012 to June 30, 2013, were stratified retrospectively by hypothetical serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) thresholds, based on pre-procedure renal function. Thresholds were used to estimate the financial effects of using MAG-3 when renal function was at or worse than a given cutoff value, and DTPA otherwise. Cost analysis was performed with consideration of raw material and preparation costs, with radiotracer costs estimated by both vendor list pricing and proprietary institutional pricing. The primary outcome was a comparison of each hypothetical threshold to the clinical reality in which all subjects received MAG-3, and the results were supported by univariate sensitivity analysis. Annual cost savings by serum creatinine threshold were as follows (threshold given in mg/dL): $17,319 if ≥1.0; $33,015 if ≥1.5; and $35,180 if ≥2.0. Annual cost savings by eGFR threshold were as follows (threshold given in mL/min/1.73 m(2)): $21,649 if ≤60; $28,414 if ≤45; and $32,744 if ≤30. Cost-savings inflection points were approximately 1.25 mg/dL (serum creatinine) and 60 mL/min/1.73m(2) (eGFR). Secondary analysis by proprietary institutional pricing revealed similar trends, and cost savings of similar magnitude. Sensitivity analysis confirmed cost savings at all tested thresholds. Reserving MAG-3 utilization for patients who have impaired renal function can impart substantial annual cost savings to a radiology department. Copyright © 2016 American College of Radiology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

75 FR 74457 - Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gases: Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-30

...EPA is promulgating a regulation to require monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions from petroleum and natural gas systems. This action adds this source category to the list of source categories already required to report greenhouse gas emissions. This action applies to sources with carbon dioxide equivalent emissions above certain threshold levels as described in this regulation. This action does not require control of greenhouse gases.

The Noninvasive Measurement of X-Ray Tube Potential.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ranallo, Frank Nunzio

In this thesis I briefly describe the design of clinical x-ray imaging systems and also the various methods of measuring x-ray tube potential, both invasive and noninvasive. I also discuss the meaning and usage of the quantities tube potential (kV) and peak tube potential (kVp) with reference to x-ray systems used in medical imaging. I propose that there exist several quantities which describe different important aspects of the tube potential as a function of time. These quantities are measurable and can be well defined. I have developed a list of definitions of these quantities along with suggested names and symbols. I describe the development and physical principles of a superior noninvasive method of tube potential measurement along with the instrumentation used to implement this method. This thesis research resulted in the development of several commercial kVp test devices (or "kVp Meters") for which the actual measurement procedure is simple, rapid, and reliable compared to other methods, invasive or noninvasive. These kVp test devices provide measurements with a high level of accuracy and reliability over a wide range of test conditions. They provide results which are more reliable and clinically meaningful than many other, more primary and invasive methods. The errors inherent in these new kVp test devices were investigated and methods to minimize them are discussed.

The relation between visualization size, grouping, and user performance.

PubMed

Gramazio, Connor C; Schloss, Karen B; Laidlaw, David H

2014-12-01

In this paper we make the following contributions: (1) we describe how the grouping, quantity, and size of visual marks affects search time based on the results from two experiments; (2) we report how search performance relates to self-reported difficulty in finding the target for different display types; and (3) we present design guidelines based on our findings to facilitate the design of effective visualizations. Both Experiment 1 and 2 asked participants to search for a unique target in colored visualizations to test how the grouping, quantity, and size of marks affects user performance. In Experiment 1, the target square was embedded in a grid of squares and in Experiment 2 the target was a point in a scatterplot. Search performance was faster when colors were spatially grouped than when they were randomly arranged. The quantity of marks had little effect on search time for grouped displays ("pop-out"), but increasing the quantity of marks slowed reaction time for random displays. Regardless of color layout (grouped vs. random), response times were slowest for the smallest mark size and decreased as mark size increased to a point, after which response times plateaued. In addition to these two experiments we also include potential application areas, as well as results from a small case study where we report preliminary findings that size may affect how users infer how visualizations should be used. We conclude with a list of design guidelines that focus on how to best create visualizations based on grouping, quantity, and size of visual marks.

Textbook coverage of a common topic: fluid management of patients after surgery.

PubMed

Chawla, Gunjan; Drummond, Gordon B

2008-06-01

Maintenance fluid therapy is a protean topic but is clinically often mismanaged. Our teaching of medical students led us to suspect that textbooks provide limited information about the topic, so we set out to verify this possibility by reviewing the content of books written in English that covered perioperative care. We reviewed publishers' lists of textbooks and found 22 suitable books. After compiling a standard list of questions on intravenous therapy, we read each book to find out to what extent it delivered the answers, and listed the information obtained. Only 13 books answered more than half of the questions. The information varied considerably. Suggested quantities of daily fluid, sodium and potassium requirements varied hugely. Information provided in standard textbooks to guide fluid prescription is scant and variable. This could be a cogent reason why junior doctors prescribe postoperative fluids badly: the information in textbooks is inadequate and varies from book to book. The reasons for the poor coverage are not clear. Perhaps other common topics that are often poorly managed are also badly addressed by standard books.

Temperature threshold models for benthic macroinvertebrates in Idaho wadeable streams and neighboring ecoregions.

PubMed

Richards, David C; Lester, Gary; Pfeiffer, John; Pappani, Jason

2018-02-07

Water temperatures are warming throughout the world including the Pacific Northwest, USA. Benthic macroinvertebrates are one of the most important and widely used indicators of freshwater impairment; however, their response to increased water temperatures and their use for monitoring water temperature impairment has been hindered by lack of knowledge of temperature occurrences, threshold change points, or indicator taxa. We present new analysis of a large macroinvertebrate database provided by Idaho Department of Environmental Quality from wadeable streams in Idaho that is to be used in conjunction with our previous analyses. This new analysis provides threshold change points for over 400 taxa along an increasing temperature gradient and provides a list of statistically important indicator taxa. The macroinvertebrate assemblage temperature change point for the taxa that decreased with increased temperatures was determined to be about 20.5 °C and for the taxa assemblage that increased with increased temperatures was about 11.5 °C. Results of this new analysis combined with our previous analysis will also be useful for others in neighboring regions where these taxa occur.

Assess water scarcity integrating water quantity and quality

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, J.; Zeng, Z.

2014-12-01

Water scarcity has become widespread all over the world. Current methods for water scarcity assessment are mainly based on water quantity and seldom consider water quality. Here, we develop an approach for assessing water scarcity considering both water quantity and quality. In this approach, a new water scarcity index is used to describe the severity of water scarcity in the form of a water scarcity meter, which may help to communicate water scarcity to a wider audience. To illustrate the approach, we analyzed the historical trend of water scarcity for Beijing city in China during 1995-2009, as well as the assessment for different river basins in China. The results show that Beijing made a huge progress in mitigating water scarcity, and that from 1999 to 2009 the blue and grey water scarcity index decreased by 59% and 62%, respectively. Despite this progress, we demonstrate that Beijing is still characterized by serious water scarcity due to both water quantity and quality. The water scarcity index remained at a high value of 3.5 with a blue and grey water scarcity index of 1.2 and 2.3 in 2009 (exceeding the thresholds of 0.4 and 1, respectively). As a result of unsustainable water use and pollution, groundwater levels continue to decline, and water quality shows a continuously deteriorating trend. To curb this trend, future water policies should further decrease water withdrawal from local sources (in particular groundwater) within Beijing, and should limit the grey water footprint below the total amount of water resources.

Adjusting the thermostat: the threshold induction temperature for the heat-shock response in intertidal mussels (genus Mytilus) changes as a function of thermal history.

PubMed

Buckley, B A; Owen, M E; Hofmann, G E

2001-10-01

Spatio-temporal variation in heat-shock gene expression gives organisms the ability to respond to changing thermal environments. The temperature at which heat-shock genes are induced, the threshold induction temperature, varies as a function of the recent thermal history of an organism. To elucidate the mechanism by which this plasticity in gene expression is achieved, we determined heat-shock protein (Hsp) induction threshold temperatures in the intertidal mussel Mytilus trossulus collected from the field in February and again in August. In a separate experiment, threshold induction temperatures, endogenous levels of both the constitutive and inducible isoforms of Hsps from the 70 kDa family and the quantity of ubiquitinated proteins (a measure of cellular protein denaturation) were measured in M. trossulus after either 6 weeks of cold acclimation in the laboratory or acclimatization to warm, summer temperatures in the field over the same period. In addition, we quantified levels of activated heat-shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) in both groups of mussels (HSF1 inducibly transactivates all classes of Hsp genes). Lastly, we compared the temperature of HSF1 activation with the induction threshold temperature in the congeneric M. californianus. It was found that the threshold induction temperature in M. trossulus was 23 degrees C in February and 28 degrees C in August. This agreed with the acclimation/acclimatization experiment, in which mussels acclimated in seawater tables to a constant temperature of 10-11 degrees C for 6 weeks displayed a threshold induction temperature of 20-23 degrees C compared with 26-29 degrees C for individuals that were experiencing considerably warmer body temperatures in the intertidal zone over the same period. This coincided with a significant increase in the inducible isoform of Hsp70 in warm-acclimatized individuals but no increase in the constitutive isoform or in HSF1. Levels of ubiquitin-conjugated protein were significantly higher in the field mussels than in the laboratory-acclimated individuals. Finally, the temperature of HSF1 activation in M. californianus was found to be approximately 9 degrees C lower than the induction threshold for this species.

The Rheological Behavior and Thixotropy of Electrorheological Suspensions in Differing Temperature/Velocity Conditions (Rheologicheskoe Povedenie i Tikostropiya Elektroreologicheskikh Suspenzii v Razlichnykh Temperaturno-Skorostnykh Rezhimakh)

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-10-29

unsuitable for ERS, the low water content (eg for aerosil and diatomite 1-3 wt%) being insufficient to activate them. The ERE starts to appear only beyond a...certain threshold water content adsorbed on the particles in suspension. With further increase in the quantity of adsorbed water the effective...silica-gel particles varies with varying water content In the silica suspensions examined the evidence of ERE was linked to the presence of adsorbed

Smooth information flow in temperature climate network reflects mass transport

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hlinka, Jaroslav; Jajcay, Nikola; Hartman, David; Paluš, Milan

2017-03-01

A directed climate network is constructed by Granger causality analysis of air temperature time series from a regular grid covering the whole Earth. Using winner-takes-all network thresholding approach, a structure of a smooth information flow is revealed, hidden to previous studies. The relevance of this observation is confirmed by comparison with the air mass transfer defined by the wind field. Their close relation illustrates that although the information transferred due to the causal influence is not a physical quantity, the information transfer is tied to the transfer of mass and energy.

Percolation and epidemics in a two-dimensional small world

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Newman, M. E.; Jensen, I.; Ziff, R. M.

2002-02-01

Percolation on two-dimensional small-world networks has been proposed as a model for the spread of plant diseases. In this paper we give an analytic solution of this model using a combination of generating function methods and high-order series expansion. Our solution gives accurate predictions for quantities such as the position of the percolation threshold and the typical size of disease outbreaks as a function of the density of ``shortcuts'' in the small-world network. Our results agree with scaling hypotheses and numerical simulations for the same model.

Reproduction numbers for epidemic models with households and other social structures. I. Definition and calculation of R0

PubMed Central

Pellis, Lorenzo; Ball, Frank; Trapman, Pieter

2012-01-01

The basic reproduction number R0 is one of the most important quantities in epidemiology. However, for epidemic models with explicit social structure involving small mixing units such as households, its definition is not straightforward and a wealth of other threshold parameters has appeared in the literature. In this paper, we use branching processes to define R0, we apply this definition to models with households or other more complex social structures and we provide methods for calculating it. PMID:22085761

Frequency Control: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Symposium on held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on 28-30 May 1986

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-05-30

nonuniform and in part not specified. The actual values of the calculable quantities listed in TABLE IV and obtained on the basis of 61 observations of...is zero. GROUND FOR Since there are no known data on frequency shifts of PPER ELECTRODE. WHEN USED crystals for such nonuniform fields and voltages...PROTECTED BY US COPYRIGHT’ distribution of motional activity. In practical IRE National Convention Record, Part 6, cases, the nonuniform mode shape

Phase 1 Environmental Baseline Survey for the Acquisition of a Utility Easement by Clark County from Nellis Air Force Base, Clark County, Nevada

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

ERP) that is managed by the Restoration Program Manager (RPM) of the 99 CES/CEVR. Category 4 – Remedial action required and taken. Property where...are listed below and summaries of their interviews are presented in Appendix E. Mr. D.J. Haarklau, 99 CES/CEVC, Environmental POLs Program Manager ...Mr. Haarklau, who has been the POLs Program manager for 10 years, provided GSRC with information pertaining to reportable quantity spills that have

Gauge invariant perturbations of the Schwarzschild spacetime

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thompson, Jonathan E.; Chen, Hector; Whiting, Bernard F.

2017-09-01

Beginning with the pioneering work of Regge and Wheeler (1957 Phys. Rev. 108 1063), there have been many studies of perturbations away from the Schwarzschild spacetime background. In particular several authors Moncrief (1974 Ann. Phys. 88 323), Sachs (1964 Relativity, Groups and Topology (New York: Gordon and Breach)) and Brizuela et al (2007 Phys. Rev. D 76 024004) have investigated gauge invariant quantities of the Regge-Wheeler (RW) formalism. Steven Detweiler also investigated perturbations of Schwarzschild in his own formalism, introducing his own gauge choice which he denoted the ‘easy (EZ) gauge’, and which he was in the process of adapting for use in the second-order self-force problem. We present here a compilation of some of his working results, arising from notes for which there seems to have been no manuscript in preparation. In particular, we outline Detweiler’s formalism, list the gauge invariant quantities he used, and explain the process by which he found them.

Evaluation of internet websites marketing herbal weight-loss supplements to consumers.

PubMed

Jordan, Melanie A; Haywood, Tasha

2007-11-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality and quantity of drug information available to consumers on Internet websites marketing herbal weight-loss dietary supplements in the United States. We conducted an Internet search using the search engines Yahoo and Google and the keywords "herbal weight loss." Website content was evaluated for the presence of active/inactive ingredient names and strengths and other Food and Drug Administration (FDA) labeling requirements. Information related to drug safety for the most common herbal ingredients in the products evaluated was compared against standard herbal drug information references. Thirty-two (32) websites were evaluated for labeling requirements and safety information. All sites listed an FDA disclaimer statement and most sites (84.4%) listed active ingredients, although few listed strengths or inactive ingredients. Based on the drug information for the most common ingredients found in the weight-loss dietary supplements evaluated, potential contraindications for cardiovascular conditions, pregnancy/nursing, and high blood pressure were listed most frequently (73%, 65.5%, and 37%, respectively), whereas few websites listed potential drug interactions or adverse reactions. Potential hazards posed by dietary supplements may not be accurately, if at all, represented on Internet websites selling these products. Since consumers may not approach their physicians or pharmacists for information regarding use of dietary supplements in weight loss, it becomes necessary for health care providers to actively engage their patients in open discussion regarding the use, benefits, and hazards of dietary supplements.

NSSDC data listing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Horowitz, Richard; King, Joseph H.

1990-01-01

In a highly summarized way, data available from the National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) is identified. Most data are offline data sets (on magnetic tape or as film/print products of various sizes) from individual instruments carried on spacecraft; these compose the Satellite Data Listing. Descriptive names, time spans, data form, and quantity of these data sets are identified in the listing, which is sorted alphabetically-first by spacecraft name and then by the principal investigator's or team leader's last name. Several data sets held at NSSDC, not associated with individual spaceflight instruments, are identified in separate listings following the Satellite Data Listing. These data sets make up the Supplementary Data Listings and include composite spacecraft data sets, ground-based data, models, and computer routines. The identifiers used in the Supplementary Data Listings were created by NSSDC and are explained in the pages preceding the listings. Data set form codes are listed. NSSDC offers primarily archival, retrieval, replication, and dissemination services associated with the data sets discussed in the two major listings identified above. NSSDC also provides documentation which enables the data recipient to use the data received. NSSDC is working toward expanding presently limited capabilities for data subsetting and for promotion of data files to online residence for user downloading. NSSDC data holdings span the range of scientific disciplines in which NASA is involved, and include astrophysics, lunar and planetary science, solar physics, space plasma physics, and Earth science. In addition to the functions mentioned above, NSSDC offers data via special services and systems in a number of areas, including Astronomical Data Center (ADC), Coordinated Data Analysis Workshops (CDAWs), NASA Climate Data System (NCDS), Pilot Land Data System (PLDS), and Crustal Dynamics Data Information System (CDDIS). Furthermore, NSSDC has a no-password account on its SPAN/Telenet-accessible VAX through which the NASA Master Directory and selected online data bases are accessible and through which any data described here may be ordered. Astrophysics data support by NSSDC is not limited to the ADC. Each of these special services/systems is described briefly.

Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Environmental Toxicology (6th), 21-23 October 1975

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-12-01

ment, but the total environment in which we work and on which our activities impact. The three "geneses" -- carcinogenesis, mutagenesis and terato...currently increasing bioassay activities , as is the case e.g. with synthetic organic chemicals, industrial solvents, and the hydrazines. A recent list of...carcinogen, can a threshold be postulated below which no onco- genic activity exists? How do we extrapolate animal data to humans? What is an

Quantum Computation and Simulation Using Neutral Fermionic Atoms

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-06

labeled n = 1) Efimov trimer crosses the three-atom scattering threshold. Working in the context of nuclear physics in the early 1970’s, Vitaly Efimov...permit the observation of anti-ferromagnetic ordering in the Hubbard model. (a) Papers published in peer-reviewed journals ( N /A for none) Enter List of...Physics, (06 2011): 0. doi: TOTAL: 7 Number of Papers published in peer-reviewed journals: (b) Papers published in non-peer-reviewed journals ( N /A for

A Human-Automation Interface Model to Guide Automation Design of System Functions: A Way to Achieve Manning Goals in New Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-12-01

60 x THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK xi LIST OF TABLES Table 1...anywhere from one minute to several hours, depending on the needs of the analyst. The models generated for this thesis were set to run for 60 ...of a workload threshold goes back to the original LHX analysis from McCracken and Aldrich (1984). The IMPRINT 59 workload value of 60 has been

Long-Term Electronic Technology Trends: Forecasted Impacts on Education. Paper presented to Congress of the United States, House of Representatives, Committee on Education and Labor, Subcommittee on Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education (April 25, 1979).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Joseph, Earl C.

The technological-driven future will evolve through the next decades to massively impact elementary and secondary education, starting in the 1980 decade and building toward revolutionizing education in the 1990 decade. The evolving "silicon revolution" is producing a continuing list of new electronic technology poised at the threshold for massive…

Performance-intensity functions of Mandarin word recognition tests in noise: test dialect and listener language effects.

PubMed

Liu, Danzheng; Shi, Lu-Feng

2013-06-01

This study established the performance-intensity function for Beijing and Taiwan Mandarin bisyllabic word recognition tests in noise in native speakers of Wu Chinese. Effects of the test dialect and listeners' first language on psychometric variables (i.e., slope and 50%-correct threshold) were analyzed. Thirty-two normal-hearing Wu-speaking adults who used Mandarin since early childhood were compared to 16 native Mandarin-speaking adults. Both Beijing and Taiwan bisyllabic word recognition tests were presented at 8 signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) in 4-dB steps (-12 dB to +16 dB). At each SNR, a half list (25 words) was presented in speech-spectrum noise to listeners' right ear. The order of the test, SNR, and half list was randomized across listeners. Listeners responded orally and in writing. Overall, the Wu-speaking listeners performed comparably to the Mandarin-speaking listeners on both tests. Compared to the Taiwan test, the Beijing test yielded a significantly lower threshold for both the Mandarin- and Wu-speaking listeners, as well as a significantly steeper slope for the Wu-speaking listeners. Both Mandarin tests can be used to evaluate Wu-speaking listeners. Of the 2, the Taiwan Mandarin test results in more comparable functions across listener groups. Differences in the performance-intensity function between listener groups and between tests indicate a first language and dialectal effect, respectively.

A Compilation of Metals and Trace Elements Extracted from Materials Relevant to Pharmaceutical Applications such as Packaging Systems and Devices.

PubMed

Jenke, Dennis; Rivera, Christine; Mortensen, Tammy; Amin, Parul; Chacko, Molly; Tran, Thang; Chum, James

2013-01-01

Nearly 100 individual test articles, representative of materials used in pharmaceutical applications such as packaging and devices, were extracted under exaggerated conditions and the levels of 32 metals and trace elements (Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ge, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Se, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti, V, Zn, and Zr) were measured in the extracts. The extracting solvents included aqueous mixtures at low and high pH and an organic solvent mixture (40/60 ethanol water). The sealed vessel extractions were performed by placing an appropriate portion of the test articles and an appropriate volume of extracting solution in inert extraction vessels and exposing the extraction units (and associated extraction blanks) to defined conditions of temperature and duration. The levels of extracted target elements were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The overall reporting threshold for most of the targeted elements was 0.05 μg/mL, which corresponds to 0.5 μg/g for the most commonly utilized extraction stoichiometry (1 g of material per 10 mL of extracting solvent). The targeted elements could be classified into four major groups depending on the frequency with which they were present in the over 250 extractions reported in this study. Thirteen elements (Ag, As, Be, Cd, Co, Ge, Li, Mo, Ni, Sn, Ti, V, and Zr) were not extracted in reportable quantities from any of the test articles under any of the extraction conditions. Eight additional elements (Bi, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Sb, Se, and Sr) were rarely extracted from the test articles at reportable levels, and three other elements (Ba, Fe, and P) were infrequently extracted from the test articles at reportable levels. The remaining eight elements (Al, B, Ca, Mg, Na, S, Si, and Zn) were more frequently present in the extracts in reportable quantities. These general trends in accumulation behavior were compared to compiled lists of elements of concern as impurities in pharmaceutical products. Nearly 100 individual test articles, representative of materials used in pharmaceutical applications such as packaging and devices, were extracted under exaggerated conditions, and the levels of thirty-two metals and trace elements (Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ge, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Se, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti, V, Zn, and Zr) were measured in the extracts. The targeted elements could be classified into four major groups depending on the frequency with which they were present in the extractions reported in this study: those elements that were not extracted in reportable quantities from any of the test articles under any of the extraction conditions, those elements that were rarely extracted from the test articles at reportable levels, those elements that were infrequently extracted from the test articles at reportable levels, and those elements that were more frequently present in the extracts in reportable quantities.

Adaptive 4d Psi-Based Change Detection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Chia-Hsiang; Soergel, Uwe

2018-04-01

In a previous work, we proposed a PSI-based 4D change detection to detect disappearing and emerging PS points (3D) along with their occurrence dates (1D). Such change points are usually caused by anthropic events, e.g., building constructions in cities. This method first divides an entire SAR image stack into several subsets by a set of break dates. The PS points, which are selected based on their temporal coherences before or after a break date, are regarded as change candidates. Change points are then extracted from these candidates according to their change indices, which are modelled from their temporal coherences of divided image subsets. Finally, we check the evolution of the change indices for each change point to detect the break date that this change occurred. The experiment validated both feasibility and applicability of our method. However, two questions still remain. First, selection of temporal coherence threshold associates with a trade-off between quality and quantity of PS points. This selection is also crucial for the amount of change points in a more complex way. Second, heuristic selection of change index thresholds brings vulnerability and causes loss of change points. In this study, we adapt our approach to identify change points based on statistical characteristics of change indices rather than thresholding. The experiment validates this adaptive approach and shows increase of change points compared with the old version. In addition, we also explore and discuss optimal selection of temporal coherence threshold.

Age-Related Reduction of Recovery Sleep and Arousal Threshold in Drosophila

PubMed Central

Vienne, Julie; Spann, Ryanne; Guo, Fang; Rosbash, Michael

2016-01-01

Study Objectives: Physiological studies show that aging affects both sleep quality and quantity in humans, and sleep complaints increase with age. Along with knowledge about the negative effects of poor sleep on health, understanding the enigmatic relationship between sleep and aging is important. Because human sleep is similar to Drosophila (fruit fly) sleep in many ways, we addressed the effects of aging on sleep in this model organism. Methods: Baseline sleep was recorded in five different Drosophila genotypes raised at either 21°C or 25°C. The amount of sleep recovered was then investigated after a nighttime of sleep deprivation (12 h) and after chronic sleep deprivation (3 h every night for multiple nights). Finally, the effects of aging on arousal, namely, sensitivity to neuronal and mechanical stimuli, were studied. Results: We show that fly sleep is affected by age in a manner similar to that of humans and other mammals. Not only do older flies of several genotypes have more fragmented sleep and reduced total sleep time compared to young flies, but older flies also fail to recover as much sleep after sleep deprivation. This suggests either lower sleep homeostasis and/or a failure to properly recover sleep. Older flies also show a decreased arousal threshold, i.e., an increased response to neuronal and mechanical wake-promoting stimuli. The reduced threshold may either reflect or cause the reduced recovery sleep of older flies compared to young flies after sleep deprivation. Conclusions: Further studies are certainly needed, but we suggest that the lower homeostatic sleep drive of older flies causes their decreased arousal threshold. Citation: Vienne J, Spann R, Guo F, Rosbash M. Age-related reduction of recovery sleep and arousal threshold in Drosophila. SLEEP 2016;39(8):1613–1624. PMID:27306274

Determination of urinary concentrations of pseudoephedrine and cathine after therapeutic administration of pseudoephedrine-containing medications to healthy subjects: implications for doping control analysis of these stimulants banned in sport.

PubMed

Barroso, Osquel; Goudreault, Danielle; Carbó Banús, Marcel-lí; Ayotte, Christiane; Mazzoni, Irene; Boghosian, Thierry; Rabin, Olivier

2012-05-01

Due to its stimulatory effects on the central nervous system, and its structural similarity to banned stimulants such as ephedrine and methamphetamine, pseudoephedrine (PSE) at high doses is considered as an ergogenic aid for boosting athletic performance. However, the status of PSE in the International Standard of the Prohibited List as established under the World Anti-Doping Code has changed over the years, being prohibited until 2003 at a urinary cut-off value of 25 µg/ml, and then subsequently removed from the Prohibited List during the period 2004-2009. The re-consideration of this position by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) List Expert Group has led to the reintroduction of PSE in the Prohibited List in 2010. In this manuscript, we present the results of two WADA-sponsored clinical studies on the urinary excretion of PSE and its metabolite cathine (CATH) following the oral administration of different PSE formulations to healthy individuals at therapeutic regimes. On this basis, the current analytical urinary threshold for the detection of PSE as a doping agent in sport has been conservatively established at 150 µg/ml Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Modernising speech audiometry: using a smartphone application to test word recognition.

PubMed

van Zyl, Marianne; Swanepoel, De Wet; Myburgh, Hermanus C

2018-04-20

This study aimed to develop and assess a method to measure word recognition abilities using a smartphone application (App) connected to an audiometer. Word lists were recorded in South African English and Afrikaans. Analyses were conducted to determine the effect of hardware used for presentation (computer, compact-disc player, or smartphone) on the frequency content of recordings. An Android App was developed to enable presentation of recorded materials via a smartphone connected to the auxiliary input of the audiometer. Experiments were performed to test feasibility and validity of the developed App and recordings. Participants were 100 young adults (18-30 years) with pure tone thresholds ≤15 dB across the frequency spectrum (250-8000 Hz). Hardware used for presentation had no significant effect on the frequency content of recordings. Listening experiments indicated good inter-list reliability for recordings in both languages, with no significant differences between scores on different lists at each of the tested intensities. Performance-intensity functions had slopes of 4.05%/dB for English and 4.75%/dB for Afrikaans lists at the 50% point. The developed smartphone App constitutes a feasible and valid method for measuring word recognition scores, and can support standardisation and accessibility of recorded speech audiometry.

Perceptions and practices of commensality and solo-eating among Korean and Japanese university students: A cross-cultural analysis

PubMed Central

Cho, Wookyoun; Oh, Yujin; Aiba, Naomi; Lee, Youngmee

2015-01-01

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Commensality, eating together with others, is a major representation of human sociality. In recent time, environments around commensality have changed significantly due to rapid social changes, and the decline of commensality is perceived as a serious concern in many modern societies. This study employs a cross-cultural analysis of university students in two East Asian countries, and examines cross-cultural variations of perceptions and actual practices of commensality and solo-eating. SUBJECTS/METHODS The analysis was drawn from a free-list survey and a self-administrative questionnaires of university students in urban Korea and Japan. The free-listing survey was conducted with a small cohort to explore common images and meanings of commensality and solo-eating. The self-administrative questionnaire was developed based on the result of the free-list survey, and conducted with a larger cohort to examine reasons and problems of practices and associated behaviors and food intake. RESULTS We found that Korean subjects tended to show stronger associations between solo-eating and negative emotions while the Japanese subjects expressed mixed emotions towards the practice of solo-eating. In the questionnaire, more Korean students reported they prefer commensality and tend to eat more quantities when they eat commensally. In contrast, more Japanese reported that they do not have preference on commensality and there is no notable difference in food quantities when they eat commensally and alone. Compared to the general Korean cohort finding, more proportion of overweight and obese groups of Korean subjects reported that they tend to eat more when they are alone than normal and underweight groups. This difference was not found in the overweight Japanese subjects. CONCLUSION Our study revealed cross-cultural variations of perceptions and practices of commensality and solo-eating in a non-western setting. PMID:26425283

Glacial melting: an overlooked threat to Antarctic krill.

PubMed

Fuentes, Verónica; Alurralde, Gastón; Meyer, Bettina; Aguirre, Gastón E; Canepa, Antonio; Wölfl, Anne-Cathrin; Hass, H Christian; Williams, Gabriela N; Schloss, Irene R

2016-06-02

Strandings of marine animals are relatively common in marine systems. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We observed mass strandings of krill in Antarctica that appeared to be linked to the presence of glacial meltwater. Climate-induced glacial meltwater leads to an increased occurrence of suspended particles in the sea, which is known to affect the physiology of aquatic organisms. Here, we study the effect of suspended inorganic particles on krill in relation to krill mortality events observed in Potter Cove, Antarctica, between 2003 and 2012. The experimental results showed that large quantities of lithogenic particles affected krill feeding, absorption capacity and performance after only 24 h of exposure. Negative effects were related to both the threshold concentrations and the size of the suspended particles. Analysis of the stomach contents of stranded krill showed large quantities of large particles ( > 10(6 )μm(3)), which were most likely mobilized by glacial meltwater. Ongoing climate-induced glacial melting may impact the coastal ecosystems of Antarctica that rely on krill.

Glacial melting: an overlooked threat to Antarctic krill

PubMed Central

Fuentes, Verónica; Alurralde, Gastón; Meyer, Bettina; Aguirre, Gastón E.; Canepa, Antonio; Wölfl, Anne-Cathrin; Hass, H. Christian; Williams, Gabriela N.; Schloss, Irene R.

2016-01-01

Strandings of marine animals are relatively common in marine systems. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We observed mass strandings of krill in Antarctica that appeared to be linked to the presence of glacial meltwater. Climate-induced glacial meltwater leads to an increased occurrence of suspended particles in the sea, which is known to affect the physiology of aquatic organisms. Here, we study the effect of suspended inorganic particles on krill in relation to krill mortality events observed in Potter Cove, Antarctica, between 2003 and 2012. The experimental results showed that large quantities of lithogenic particles affected krill feeding, absorption capacity and performance after only 24 h of exposure. Negative effects were related to both the threshold concentrations and the size of the suspended particles. Analysis of the stomach contents of stranded krill showed large quantities of large particles ( > 106 μm3), which were most likely mobilized by glacial meltwater. Ongoing climate-induced glacial melting may impact the coastal ecosystems of Antarctica that rely on krill. PMID:27250339

Investigating Drought Onset, Termination and Recovery According to Water Quality Indicators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ahmadi, B.; Moradkhani, H.

2016-12-01

Frequency and severity of droughts are increasing globally. Reduced catchment runoff and river flows caused by the meteorological drivers leads to hydrological drought. Hydrological droughts have significant impacts not only on water quantity but also on water quality. In this study, first the onset of historical hydrological droughts is estimated using daily threshold-based indicators. Then drought termination and recovery period in terms of water quantity is analyzed. This is followed by examination of water quality during these detected hydrological droughts. Four water quality parameters, i.e., water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and turbidity are investigated over Willamette river basin located in northwestern Oregon in the United States. Drought vulnerability and resiliency are analyzed for the study period. Droughts and the recovery period are found to have significant impact on water quality parameters. Also, the results indicate a deterioration of water quality during droughts and longer drought recovery if water quality indicators are considered in the analysis.

Electroproduction of η Mesons in the S 11(1535) Resonance Region at High Momentum Transfer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dalton, Mark Macrae

2008-08-01

The differential cross-section for the exclusive process p(e, e0p) has been measured at Q 2 5.7 and 7.0 (GeV/c) 2, which represents the highest momentum transfer measurement of this to date, significantly higher than the previous highest at Q 2 3.6 (GeV/c) 2. Data was taken for centre-of-mass energies from threshold to 1.8 GeV, encompassing the S11(1535) resonance, which dominates the pη channel. The total cross section is obtained, from which is extracted the helicity-conserving transition amplitude A 1/2, for the production of the S11(1535) resonance. This quantity appears to begin scaling as Q -3, a predicted signal of themore » dominance of perturbative QCD, within the Q 2 range of this measurement. No currently available theoretical predictions can account for the behaviour of this quantity over the full measured range of Q 2.« less

Anesthesia modifies subthreshold critical slowing down in a stochastic Hodgkin-Huxley-like model with inhibitory synaptic input

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bukoski, Alex; Steyn-Ross, D. A.; Pickett, Ashley F.; Steyn-Ross, Moira L.

2018-06-01

The dynamics of a stochastic type-I Hodgkin-Huxley-like point neuron model exposed to inhibitory synaptic noise are investigated as a function of distance from spiking threshold and the inhibitory influence of the general anesthetic agent propofol. The model is biologically motivated and includes the effects of intrinsic ion-channel noise via a stochastic differential equation description as well as inhibitory synaptic noise modeled as multiple Poisson-distributed impulse trains with saturating response functions. The effect of propofol on these synapses is incorporated through this drug's principal influence on fast inhibitory neurotransmission mediated by γ -aminobutyric acid (GABA) type-A receptors via reduction of the synaptic response decay rate. As the neuron model approaches spiking threshold from below, we track membrane voltage fluctuation statistics of numerically simulated stochastic trajectories. We find that for a given distance from spiking threshold, increasing the magnitude of anesthetic-induced inhibition is associated with augmented signatures of critical slowing: fluctuation amplitudes and correlation times grow as spectral power is increasingly focused at 0 Hz. Furthermore, as a function of distance from threshold, anesthesia significantly modifies the power-law exponents for variance and correlation time divergences observable in stochastic trajectories. Compared to the inverse square root power-law scaling of these quantities anticipated for the saddle-node bifurcation of type-I neurons in the absence of anesthesia, increasing anesthetic-induced inhibition results in an observable exponent <-0.5 for variance and >-0.5 for correlation time divergences. However, these behaviors eventually break down as distance from threshold goes to zero with both the variance and correlation time converging to common values independent of anesthesia. Compared to the case of no synaptic input, linearization of an approximating multivariate Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model reveals these effects to be the consequence of an additional slow eigenvalue associated with synaptic activity that competes with those of the underlying point neuron in a manner that depends on distance from spiking threshold.

Using natural range of variation to set decision thresholds: a case study for great plains grasslands

USGS Publications Warehouse

Symstad, Amy J.; Jonas, Jayne L.; Edited by Guntenspergen, Glenn R.

2014-01-01

Natural range of variation (NRV) may be used to establish decision thresholds or action assessment points when ecological thresholds are either unknown or do not exist for attributes of interest in a managed ecosystem. The process for estimating NRV involves identifying spatial and temporal scales that adequately capture the heterogeneity of the ecosystem; compiling data for the attributes of interest via study of historic records, analysis and interpretation of proxy records, modeling, space-for-time substitutions, or analysis of long-term monitoring data; and quantifying the NRV from those data. At least 19 National Park Service (NPS) units in North America’s Great Plains are monitoring plant species richness and evenness as indicators of vegetation integrity in native grasslands, but little information on natural, temporal variability of these indicators is available. In this case study, we use six long-term vegetation monitoring datasets to quantify the temporal variability of these attributes in reference conditions for a variety of Great Plains grassland types, and then illustrate the implications of using different NRVs based on these quantities for setting management decision thresholds. Temporal variability of richness (as measured by the coefficient of variation, CV) is fairly consistent across the wide variety of conditions occurring in Colorado shortgrass prairie to Minnesota tallgrass sand savanna (CV 0.20–0.45) and generally less than that of production at the same sites. Temporal variability of evenness spans a greater range of CV than richness, and it is greater than that of production in some sites but less in other sites. This natural temporal variability may mask undesirable changes in Great Plains grasslands vegetation. Consequently, we suggest that managers consider using a relatively narrow NRV (interquartile range of all richness or evenness values observed in reference conditions) for designating a surveillance threshold, at which greater attention to the situation would be paid, and a broader NRV for designating management thresholds, at which action would be instigated.

The Words-in-Noise Test (WIN), list 3: a practice list.

PubMed

Wilson, Richard H; Watts, Kelly L

2012-02-01

The Words-in-Noise Test (WIN) was developed as an instrument to quantify the ability of listeners to understand monosyllabic words in background noise using multitalker babble (Wilson, 2003). The 50% point, which is calculated with the Spearman-Kärber equation (Finney, 1952), is used as the evaluative metric with the WIN materials. Initially, the WIN was designed as a 70-word instrument that presented ten unique words at each of seven signal-to-noise ratios from 24 to 0 dB in 4 dB decrements. Subsequently, the 70-word list was parsed into two 35-word lists that achieved equivalent recognition performances (Wilson and Burks, 2005). This report involves the development of a third list (WIN List 3) that was developed to serve as a practice list to familiarize the participant with listening to words presented in background babble. To determine-on young listeners with normal hearing and on older listeners with sensorineural hearing loss-the psychometric properties of the WIN List 3 materials. A quasi-experimental, repeated-measures design was used. Twenty-four young adult listeners (M = 21.6 yr) with normal pure-tone thresholds (≤ 20 dB HL at 250 to 8000 Hz) and 24 older listeners (M = 65.9 yr) with sensorineural hearing loss participated. The level of the babble was fixed at 80 dB SPL with the level of the words varied from 104 to 80 dB SPL in 4 dB decrements. For listeners with normal hearing, the 50% points for Lists 1 and 2 were similar (4.3 and 5.1 dB S/N, respectively), both of which were lower than the 50% point for List 3 (7.4 dB S/N). A similar relation was observed with the listeners with hearing loss, 50% points for Lists 1 and 2 of 12.2 and 12.4 dB S/N, respectively, compared to 15.8 dB S/N for List 3. The differences between Lists 1 and 2 and List 3 were significant. The relations among the psychometric functions and the relations among the individual data both reflected these differences. The significant ∼3 dB difference between performances on WIN Lists 1 and 2 and on WIN List 3 by the listeners with normal hearing and the listeners with hearing loss dictates caution with the use of List 3. The use of WIN List 3 should be reserved for ancillary purposes in which equivalent recognition performances are not required, for example, as a practice list or a stand alone measure. American Academy of Audiology.

Neutral-atom electron binding energies from relaxed-orbital relativistic Hartree-Fock-Slater calculations for Z between 2 and 106

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Huang, K.-N.; Aoyagi, M.; Mark, H.; Chen, M. H.; Crasemann, B.

1976-01-01

Electron binding energies in neutral atoms have been calculated relativistically, with the requirement of complete relaxation. Hartree-Fock-Slater wave functions served as zeroth-order eigenfunctions to compute the expectation of the total Hamiltonian. A first-order correction to the local approximation was thus included. Quantum-electrodynamic corrections were made. For all elements with atomic numbers ranging from 2 to 106, the following quantities are listed: total energies, electron kinetic energies, electron-nucleus potential energies, electron-electron potential energies consisting of electrostatic and Breit interaction (magnetic and retardation) terms, and vacuum polarization energies. Binding energies including relaxation are listed for all electrons in all atoms over the indicated range of atomic numbers. A self-energy correction is included for the 1s, 2s, and 2p(1/2) levels. Results for selected atoms are compared with energies calculated by other methods and with experimental values.

Water-resources reports prepared by or in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey, Kansas, 1886-1983

USGS Publications Warehouse

Combs, L.J.

1984-01-01

Water-resources data and the results of hydrologic investigations in Kansas are published or released by the U.S. Geological Survey, by cooperating State or Federal agencies, or by technical or scientific journals. This report lists more than 800 water-resources reports prepared by or in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey in Kansas for 1886 through 1983. The reports are listed by author, publication series, year of publication, and subject. The first water-resources investigations by the U.S. Geological Survey in Kansas was completed by A.C. Peale in 1886. The first cooperative program with a State agency was initiated 9 years later in 1895 and included the first stream-gaging stations operated by the Survey in western Kansas. The U.S. Geological Survey continues to investigate the occurrence, quantity, quality, distribution, and movement of surface and ground waters within the State. (USGS)

Pharmaceutical quantities of yohimbine found in dietary supplements in the USA.

PubMed

Cohen, Pieter A; Wang, Yan-Hong; Maller, Gregory; DeSouza, Renan; Khan, Ikhlas A

2016-01-01

In the USA, botanical dietary supplements are presumed to be safe, but this is not necessarily always the case. Extracts of the evergreen tree yohimbe, Pausinystalia johimbe, though banned in many countries, are sold in hundreds of dietary supplements in the USA. We analyzed 49 brands of supplements labelled as containing yohimbe or yohimbine available for sale from seven major retailers in the USA. Supplements were analyzed using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry detectors for quantity of three alkaloids found in P. johimbe (yohimbine, rauwolscine, and corynanthine). The alkaloids were confirmed on the basis of retention time, ultraviolet spectra, and mass spectra against reference standards. The quantity of the most active alkaloid, yohimbine, per recommended serving ranged from none detected to 12.1 mg. Thirty-nine percent of the supplements (19/49) did not contain rauwolscine and corynanthine suggesting that the yohimbine was either from highly processed plant extract or synthetic in origin. Only 11 supplement brands (22%, 11/49) listed a specific quantity of yohimbine on the label. Most of these were inaccurately labelled (actual content ranged from 23% to 147% of the content on the label). Eighteen percent (9/49) of the supplements' labels did not provide any information about yohimbine's adverse effects. Of the 49 yohimbine supplement brands sold at seven major retail chains in the USA, only 4.1% (2/49) provided consumers with both accurate information about the quantity of yohimbine as well as information about yohimbine's known adverse effects. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose: Impact of Quantity Limits in Public Drug Formularies on Provincial Costs Across Canada.

PubMed

Knowles, Sandra R; Lee, Kathy; Paterson, J Michael; Shah, Baiju R; Mamdani, Muhammad M; Juurlink, David N; Gomes, Tara

2017-04-01

For most patients with diabetes, routine use of blood glucose test strips (BGTS) has not been shown to be beneficial, yet the economic implications of broad publicly funded reimbursement for BGTS are substantial. We assessed the potential impact of BGTS quantity limits on utilization and costs for 6 publicly funded drug plans across Canada. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 6 provinces (Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Labrador and Prince Edward Island) for patients who received at least 1 prescription for BGTS in 2014 through the public drug program. We determined the number of BGTS that would have exceeded the quantity limits and the associated costs to the provincial drug program. A total of $38,051,026 was spent on BGTS reimbursed through public drug programs among the 6 provinces. In provinces where BGTS use is largely restricted to patients using insulin, the potential annual savings were minimal, ranging from 0.4% to 2.3%, whereas in provinces with more liberal listings, potential savings ranged from 12.4% to 19.8%. Combining these results with data from a previous analysis in Ontario and British Columbia, the cost savings associated with BGTS quantity limits for 8 provinces across Canada (capturing approximately three-quarters of the Canadian population) is estimated to be $30.3 million annually. The national implementation of a quantity limit policy for BGTS that aligns with evidence of efficacy, optimal prescribing and patient safety can lead to considerable savings for most public drug plans across Canada. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Data search and environmental hazard assessment for post-seveso chemicals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blok, Johan; Oostergo, Herman D.; Wondergem, Abraham C.; Leeuwen, Cornelis J. V.

1992-05-01

After the serious accident with a chemical industrial plant at Seveso (Italy) in 1976, the Commission of the European Communities has made a directive on major accidents, usually called the Post-Seveso Guideline. In its annex III, a list of 178 substances is given for which potentially dangerous volumes in case of an accident are defined on the basis of human health criteria. For the implementation of environmental criteria, information on toxicity to aquatic organisms, dilution, and physical behavior in water is needed. A literature search for relevant data on these 178 substances revealed aquatic toxicity data for 116 substances, but only for 87 substances sufficient data were available to make a hazard assessment. As an example, the River Rhine was used to calculate the critical quantities that, after a sudden discharge in the Swiss part, could cause damage at the Dutch part some 800 km downstream. In the absence of a common opinion on the criteria for being a major accident and a serious environmental hazard, the impact of different criteria quantities is discussed. If, for example, in the whole River Rhine a mortality of 5% of the aquatic species is chosen as the criterion for damage to the ecosystem, the critical quantities as mentioned in the EEC directive have to be lowered drastically for the majority of the substances. For 18 substances it could be shown that release of the mentioned quantities would be catastrophic for aquatic life in the whole river.

Variation in Prescription Drug Coverage for Triptans: Analysis of Insurance Formularies.

PubMed

Minen, Mia T; Lindberg, Kate; Langford, Aisha; Loder, Elizabeth

2017-09-01

To analyze triptan coverage by insurers to examine (1) possible disparities in coverage for different formulations (oral, intranasal, etc) and (2) quantity limits and stepped care requirements to obtain triptans. Triptans are FDA approved migraine abortive medications. Patients frequently state that they have difficulty accessing triptans prescribed to them. We searched the 2015 drug formularies of commercial and government health insurers providing coverage in NY State. We created a spreadsheet with all of the commercially available triptans and included information about covered formulations, tier numbers and quantity limits for each drug. We then calculated the number of listed plans that cover or do not cover each triptan or triptan formulation, the total number of medications not covered by an insurance provided across all of its plans, as well as the percentage of plans offered by individual companies and across all companies that covered each drug. We also calculated the number and proportion of plans that imposed quantity limits or step therapy for each drug. Of the 100 formularies searched, generic sumatriptan (all formulations), naratriptan, and zolmitriptan tablets were covered by all plans, and rizatriptan tablets and ODTs were covered by 98% of plans. Brand triptans were less likely to be covered: 4/36 Medicaid plans covered brand triptans. Commercial insurers were more likely to cover brand triptans. All plans imposed quantity limits on 1+ triptan formulations, with >80% imposing quantity limits on 14/19 formulations studied. Almost all plans used tiers for cost allocation for different medications. Generic triptans were almost always in Tier 1. Brand triptans were most commonly in Tier 3. Approximately 40% of brand triptans required step therapy, compared with 11% of generic triptans. There are substantial variations in coverage and quantity limits and a high degree of complexity in triptan coverage for both government and commercial plans. © 2017 American Headache Society.

Motor selection dynamics in FEF explain the reaction time variance of saccades to single targets

PubMed Central

Hauser, Christopher K; Zhu, Dantong; Stanford, Terrence R

2018-01-01

In studies of voluntary movement, a most elemental quantity is the reaction time (RT) between the onset of a visual stimulus and a saccade toward it. However, this RT demonstrates extremely high variability which, in spite of extensive research, remains unexplained. It is well established that, when a visual target appears, oculomotor activity gradually builds up until a critical level is reached, at which point a saccade is triggered. Here, based on computational work and single-neuron recordings from monkey frontal eye field (FEF), we show that this rise-to-threshold process starts from a dynamic initial state that already contains other incipient, internally driven motor plans, which compete with the target-driven activity to varying degrees. The ensuing conflict resolution process, which manifests in subtle covariations between baseline activity, build-up rate, and threshold, consists of fundamentally deterministic interactions, and explains the observed RT distributions while invoking only a small amount of intrinsic randomness. PMID:29652247

Matching algorithm of missile tail flame based on back-propagation neural network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Da; Huang, Shucai; Tang, Yidong; Zhao, Wei; Cao, Wenhuan

2018-02-01

This work presents a spectral matching algorithm of missile plume detection that based on neural network. The radiation value of the characteristic spectrum of the missile tail flame is taken as the input of the network. The network's structure including the number of nodes and layers is determined according to the number of characteristic spectral bands and missile types. We can get the network weight matrixes and threshold vectors through training the network using training samples, and we can determine the performance of the network through testing the network using the test samples. A small amount of data cause the network has the advantages of simple structure and practicality. Network structure composed of weight matrix and threshold vector can complete task of spectrum matching without large database support. Network can achieve real-time requirements with a small quantity of data. Experiment results show that the algorithm has the ability to match the precise spectrum and strong robustness.

Red blood cell transfusion in newborn infants

PubMed Central

Whyte, Robin K; Jefferies, Ann L

2014-01-01

Red blood cell transfusion is an important and frequent component of neonatal intensive care. The present position statement addresses the methods and indications for red blood cell transfusion of the newborn, based on a review of the current literature. The most frequent indications for blood transfusion in the newborn are the acute treatment of perinatal hemorrhagic shock and the recurrent correction of anemia of prematurity. Perinatal hemorrhagic shock requires immediate treatment with large quantities of red blood cells; the effects of massive transfusion on other blood components must be considered. Some guidelines are now available from clinical trials investigating transfusion in anemia of prematurity; however, considerable uncertainty remains. There is weak evidence that cognitive impairment may be more severe at follow-up in extremely low birth weight infants transfused at lower hemoglobin thresholds; therefore, these thresholds should be maintained by transfusion therapy. Although the risks of transfusion have declined considerably in recent years, they can be minimized further by carefully restricting neonatal blood sampling. PMID:24855419

Assessing the impacts of sediments from dredging on corals.

PubMed

Jones, Ross; Bessell-Browne, Pia; Fisher, Rebecca; Klonowski, Wojciech; Slivkoff, Matthew

2016-01-15

There is a need to develop water quality thresholds for dredging near coral reefs that can relate physical pressures to biological responses and define exposure conditions above which effects could occur. Water quality characteristics during dredging have, however, not been well described. Using information from several major dredging projects, we describe sediment particle sizes in the water column/seabed, suspended sediment concentrations at different temporal scales during natural and dredging-related turbidity events, and changes in light quantity/quality underneath plumes. These conditions differ considerably from those used in past laboratory studies of the effects of sediments on corals. The review also discusses other problems associated with using information from past studies for developing thresholds such as the existence of multiple different and inter-connected cause-effect pathways (which can confuse/confound interpretations), the use of sediment proxies, and the reliance on information from sediment traps to justify exposure regimes in sedimentation experiments. Crown Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Framework for cascade size calculations on random networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Burkholz, Rebekka; Schweitzer, Frank

2018-04-01

We present a framework to calculate the cascade size evolution for a large class of cascade models on random network ensembles in the limit of infinite network size. Our method is exact and applies to network ensembles with almost arbitrary degree distribution, degree-degree correlations, and, in case of threshold models, for arbitrary threshold distribution. With our approach, we shift the perspective from the known branching process approximations to the iterative update of suitable probability distributions. Such distributions are key to capture cascade dynamics that involve possibly continuous quantities and that depend on the cascade history, e.g., if load is accumulated over time. As a proof of concept, we provide two examples: (a) Constant load models that cover many of the analytically tractable casacade models, and, as a highlight, (b) a fiber bundle model that was not tractable by branching process approximations before. Our derivations cover the whole cascade dynamics, not only their steady state. This allows us to include interventions in time or further model complexity in the analysis.

Sensitivity of goodness-of-fit statistics to rainfall data rounding off

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deidda, Roberto; Puliga, Michelangelo

An analysis based on the L-moments theory suggests of adopting the generalized Pareto distribution to interpret daily rainfall depths recorded by the rain-gauge network of the Hydrological Survey of the Sardinia Region. Nevertheless, a big problem, not yet completely resolved, arises in the estimation of a left-censoring threshold able to assure a good fitting of rainfall data with the generalized Pareto distribution. In order to detect an optimal threshold, keeping the largest possible number of data, we chose to apply a “failure-to-reject” method based on goodness-of-fit tests, as it was proposed by Choulakian and Stephens [Choulakian, V., Stephens, M.A., 2001. Goodness-of-fit tests for the generalized Pareto distribution. Technometrics 43, 478-484]. Unfortunately, the application of the test, using percentage points provided by Choulakian and Stephens (2001), did not succeed in detecting a useful threshold value in most analyzed time series. A deeper analysis revealed that these failures are mainly due to the presence of large quantities of rounding off values among sample data, affecting the distribution of goodness-of-fit statistics and leading to significant departures from percentage points expected for continuous random variables. A procedure based on Monte Carlo simulations is thus proposed to overcome these problems.

A computational theory for the classification of natural biosonar targets based on a spike code.

PubMed

Müller, Rolf

2003-08-01

A computational theory for the classification of natural biosonar targets is developed based on the properties of an example stimulus ensemble. An extensive set of echoes (84 800) from four different foliages was transcribed into a spike code using a parsimonious model (linear filtering, half-wave rectification, thresholding). The spike code is assumed to consist of time differences (interspike intervals) between threshold crossings. Among the elementary interspike intervals flanked by exceedances of adjacent thresholds, a few intervals triggered by disjoint half-cycles of the carrier oscillation stand out in terms of resolvability, visibility across resolution scales and a simple stochastic structure (uncorrelatedness). They are therefore argued to be a stochastic analogue to edges in vision. A three-dimensional feature vector representing these interspike intervals sustained a reliable target classification performance (0.06% classification error) in a sequential probability ratio test, which models sequential processing of echo trains by biological sonar systems. The dimensions of the representation are the first moments of duration and amplitude location of these interspike intervals as well as their number. All three quantities are readily reconciled with known principles of neural signal representation, since they correspond to the centre of gravity of excitation on a neural map and the total amount of excitation.

Binding of two-electron metastable states in semiconductor quantum dots under a magnetic field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Garagiola, Mariano; Pont, Federico M.; Osenda, Omar

2018-04-01

Applying a strong enough magnetic field results in the binding of few-electron resonant states. The mechanism was proposed many years ago but its verification in laboratory conditions is far more recent. In this work we study the binding of two-electron resonant states. The electrons are confined in a cylindrical quantum dot which is embedded in a semiconductor wire. The geometry considered is similar to the one used in actual experimental setups. The low-energy two-electron spectrum is calculated numerically from an effective-mass approximation Hamiltonian modelling the system. Methods for binding threshold calculations in systems with one and two electrons are thoroughly studied; in particular, we use quantum information quantities to assess when the strong lateral confinement approximation can be used to obtain reliable low-energy spectra. For simplicity, only cases without bound states in the absence of an external field are considered. Under these conditions, the binding threshold for the one-electron case is given by the lowest Landau energy level. Moreover, the energy of the one-electron bounded resonance can be used to obtain the two-electron binding threshold. It is shown that for realistic values of the two-electron model parameters it is feasible to bind resonances with field strengths of a few tens of tesla.

Confinement regulates complex biochemical networks: initiation of blood clotting by "diffusion acting".

PubMed

Shen, Feng; Pompano, Rebecca R; Kastrup, Christian J; Ismagilov, Rustem F

2009-10-21

This study shows that environmental confinement strongly affects the activation of nonlinear reaction networks, such as blood coagulation (clotting), by small quantities of activators. Blood coagulation is sensitive to the local concentration of soluble activators, initiating only when the activators surpass a threshold concentration, and therefore is regulated by mass transport phenomena such as flow and diffusion. Here, diffusion was limited by decreasing the size of microfluidic chambers, and it was found that microparticles carrying either the classical stimulus, tissue factor, or a bacterial stimulus, Bacillus cereus, initiated coagulation of human platelet-poor plasma only when confined. A simple analytical argument and numerical model were used to describe the mechanism for this phenomenon: confinement causes diffusible activators to accumulate locally and surpass the threshold concentration. To interpret the results, a dimensionless confinement number, Cn, was used to describe whether a stimulus was confined, and a Damköhler number, Da(2), was used to describe whether a subthreshold stimulus could initiate coagulation. In the context of initiation of coagulation by bacteria, this mechanism can be thought of as "diffusion acting", which is distinct from "diffusion sensing". The ability of confinement and diffusion acting to change the outcome of coagulation suggests that confinement should also regulate other biological "on" and "off" processes that are controlled by thresholds.

Implementing Classification on a Munitions Response Project

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-12-01

Detection Dig List  IVS/Seed Site Planning Decisions Dig All  Anomalies Site Characterization Implementing Classification on a Munitions Response...Details ● Seed emplacement ● EM61-MK2 detection survey  RTK GPS ● Select anomalies for further investigation ● Collect cued data using MetalMapper...5.2 mV in channel 2  938 anomalies selected ● All QC seeds detected using this threshold  Some just inside the 60-cm halo ● IVS reproducibility

Threshold Tear Strength of Elastomers.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-04-01

O 0 0 C~j C-J C7,) 0DY 122 DISTRIBUTION LIST No. Cooes No. Cooies Dr. L.V. Schmidt I Dr. F. Roberto 1 ’Assistant Secretary of the Navy Code AFRPL MKPA...Research Scientific Advisor Directorate of Aerospace Sciences Commandant of the Marine Corps Bolling Air Force Base Code RD-i Washington, D.C. 20332...Directorate of Chemical Sciences Arlington, VA 22217 Bolling Air Force Base Washington, D.C. 20332 Mr. David Siegel D Office of Naval Research Dr. John S

Disentangling the dynamical origin of P11 nucleon resonances.

PubMed

Suzuki, N; Juliá-Díaz, B; Kamano, H; Lee, T-S H; Matsuyama, A; Sato, T

2010-01-29

We show that two almost degenerate poles near the piDelta threshold and the next higher mass pole in the P11 partial wave of piN scattering evolve from a single bare state through its coupling with piN, etaN, and pipiN reaction channels. This finding provides new information on understanding the dynamical origins of the Roper N{*}(1440) and N{*}(1710) resonances listed by Particle Data Group. Our results for the resonance poles in other piN partial waves are also presented.

Annual Report on Electronics Research at the University of Texas at Austin

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-02-14

Order Phase Transition in a Laser Threshold," AppI. Phys. Lett. 60 3081-3083 (22 June, 1992). 16. K. Sadra and B.G. Streetman, "’The Coupled Hole... beam epitaxy (MBE) to grow stacks of very high quality epitaxial layers. In order to achieve high reflectiviry, both the thickness and composition of...shifts in intense femtosecond laser pulses." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 9, 2032-2040 (1992). II. LIST OF CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

Cognitive Jointly Optimal Code-Division Channelization and Routing Over Cooperative Links

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-04-01

i List of Figures Fig. 1: Comparison between code-division channelization and FDM. Fig. 2: Secondary receiver SINR as a function of the iteration step...transmission percentage as a function of the number of active links under Cases rank(X′′) = 1 and > 1 (the study includes also the random code assignment...scheme); (b) Instantaneous output SINR of a primary signal against primary SINR-QoS threshold SINRthPU (thick line) and instanta- neous output SINR of

Voice Recognition Vocabulary Lists for the Army’s TACFIRE System.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-01-01

reasons for considering the impl-men-ation of vcice control to TACFIR3. Threshold Tnc. was contarted and the researchers were told that there was nothing...thra section on the lactical Fire Control Function. The next section will establish the v3cabalary for the message associated with thS Non -nuclear Fire...Professor Department of Operations Research E. F. Roland Rolands and Associates Reviewed by: Released by: K. T. Mrshl l, ermn Willia M. Tolles Department of

Optimization, validation and comparison of various extraction techniques for the trace determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sewage sludges by liquid chromatography coupled to diode-array and fluorescence detection.

PubMed

Miège, C; Dugay, J; Hennion, M C

2003-05-02

There is a need for a better characterization of sludges from wastewater treatment plants which are destined to be spread on agricultural lands. Inorganic pollutants are regularly controlled but organic pollutants have received few attention up to now. On this paper, we have been interested on the analysis of the 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) listed in the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) priority list and more particularly of the six PAHs listed in the European community list (fluoranthene, benzo[b and k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[ghi]perylene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene). The analysis step consists on liquid chromatography with both fluorescence and UV detections as described in the EPA Method 8310. As for the extraction step, several techniques such as supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, focused microwave extraction in open vessels, Soxhlet and ultrasonic extractions are compared after optimization of the experimental conditions (solvent nature and quantity, temperature, pressure, duration, ... ) and validation with certified sludges. When optimized, these five extraction techniques are as much efficient with similar relative standard deviation. Whatever the extraction techniques used, the whole analysis protocol permits to quantify PAHs in the range of 0.09 to 0.9 mg/kg of dried sludges.

Corporate influence on threshold limit values.

PubMed

Castleman, B I; Ziem, G E

1988-01-01

Investigations into the historical development of specific Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) for many substances have revealed serious shortcomings in the process followed by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Unpublished corporate communications were important in developing TLVs for 104 substances; for 15 of these, the TLV documentation was based solely on such information. Efforts to obtain written copies of this unpublished material were mostly unsuccessful. Case studies on the TLV Committee's handling of lead and seven carcinogens illustrate various aspects of corporate influence and interaction with the committee. Corporate representatives listed officially as "consultants" since 1970 were given primary responsibility for developing TLVs on proprietary chemicals of the companies that employed them (Dow, DuPont). It is concluded that an ongoing international effort is needed to develop scientifically based guidelines to replace the TLVs in a climate of openness and without manipulation by vested interests.

Epidemic spreading induced by diversity of agents' mobility.

PubMed

Zhou, Jie; Chung, Ning Ning; Chew, Lock Yue; Lai, Choy Heng

2012-08-01

In this paper, we study the impact of the preference of an individual for public transport on the spread of infectious disease, through a quantity known as the public mobility. Our theoretical and numerical results based on a constructed model reveal that if the average public mobility of the agents is fixed, an increase in the diversity of the agents' public mobility reduces the epidemic threshold, beyond which an enhancement in the rate of infection is observed. Our findings provide an approach to improve the resistance of a society against infectious disease, while preserving the utilization rate of the public transportation system.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chakraborty, Tanmoy, E-mail: tanmoybesus@gmail.com; Singh, Harkirat, E-mail: tanmoybesus@gmail.com; Mitra, Chiranjib, E-mail: tanmoybesus@gmail.com

Violation of Bell’s inequality test has been established as an efficient tool to determine the presence of entanglement in quantum spin 1/2 magnets. Herein, macroscopic thermodynamic quantities, namely, magnetic susceptibility and specific heat have been employed to perform Bell’s inequality test for [NH{sub 4}CuPO{sub 4}, H{sub 2}O], a spin 1/2 antiferromagnet with nearest neighbor interactions. The mean value of the Bell operator is quantified and plotted as a function of temperature. The threshold temperature is determined above which the Bell’s inequality is not violated and a good consistency is found between the analyses done on magnetic and thermal data.

Development of an automated processing and screening system for the space shuttle orbiter flight test data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mccutchen, D. K.; Brose, J. F.; Palm, W. E.

1982-01-01

One nemesis of the structural dynamist is the tedious task of reviewing large quantities of data. This data, obtained from various types of instrumentation, may be represented by oscillogram records, root-mean-squared (rms) time histories, power spectral densities, shock spectra, 1/3 octave band analyses, and various statistical distributions. In an attempt to reduce the laborious task of manually reviewing all of the space shuttle orbiter wideband frequency-modulated (FM) analog data, an automated processing system was developed to perform the screening process based upon predefined or predicted threshold criteria.

U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-10-01

143 - 6 -:183 -1136 -854 10 -356 -3839 -32 -813 -333 - 8 ?3 -N33 -3340 -1387 -880 1063.0 48 -3352 -832 -891 -894 -361 -3499 -902 -3904 -907 1047.0 34...geometric altitude 8 3 Molecular-scala temperature as a function of geopoteatia! altitude 10 4 Kinetic temperature as a function of geometric altitude...N/rn’) F, the set of the 10 values (dimensionless) listed J joule work, energy or in table 3 quantity of 9.80665 m/ 8 ’ heat (N.m) g" 9.80665 n’/ (a’.m

Nuclear pursuits

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1993-05-01

This table lists quantities of warheads (in stockpile, peak number per year, total number built, number of known test explosions), weapon development milestones (developers of the atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb, date of first operational ICBM, first nuclear-powered naval SSN in service, first MIRVed missile deployed), and testing milestones (first fission test, type of boosted fission weapon, multistage thermonuclear test, number of months from fission bomb to multistage thermonuclear bomb, etc.), and nuclear infrastructure (assembly plants, plutonium production reactors, uranium enrichment plants, etc.). Countries included in the tally are the United States, Soviet Union, Britain, France, and China.

Characterisation of false-positive observations in botanical surveys

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

Errors in botanical surveying are a common problem. The presence of a species is easily overlooked, leading to false-absences; while misidentifications and other mistakes lead to false-positive observations. While it is common knowledge that these errors occur, there are few data that can be used to quantify and describe these errors. Here we characterise false-positive errors for a controlled set of surveys conducted as part of a field identification test of botanical skill. Surveys were conducted at sites with a verified list of vascular plant species. The candidates were asked to list all the species they could identify in a defined botanically rich area. They were told beforehand that their final score would be the sum of the correct species they listed, but false-positive errors counted against their overall grade. The number of errors varied considerably between people, some people create a high proportion of false-positive errors, but these are scattered across all skill levels. Therefore, a person’s ability to correctly identify a large number of species is not a safeguard against the generation of false-positive errors. There was no phylogenetic pattern to falsely observed species; however, rare species are more likely to be false-positive as are species from species rich genera. Raising the threshold for the acceptance of an observation reduced false-positive observations dramatically, but at the expense of more false negative errors. False-positive errors are higher in field surveying of plants than many people may appreciate. Greater stringency is required before accepting species as present at a site, particularly for rare species. Combining multiple surveys resolves the problem, but requires a considerable increase in effort to achieve the same sensitivity as a single survey. Therefore, other methods should be used to raise the threshold for the acceptance of a species. For example, digital data input systems that can verify, feedback and inform the user are likely to reduce false-positive errors significantly. PMID:28533972

Early Childhood Adversity and its Associations With Anxiety, Depression, and Distress in Women With Breast Cancer.

PubMed

McFarland, Daniel C; Andreotti, Charissa; Harris, Kirk; Mandeli, John; Tiersten, Amy; Holland, Jimmie

2016-01-01

Certain vulnerability factors have been found to place patients at risk for depression and anxiety, especially within the context of medical illness. We sought to describe the relationships among early childhood adversity (ECA) and anxiety, depression and distress in patients with breast cancer. Patients with breast cancer (stages 0-IV) were assessed for ECA (i.e., the Risky Families Questionnaire subscales include Abuse/Neglect/Chaotic Home Environment), distress (i.e., Distress Thermometer and Problem List), anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety), depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression), meeting standardized cut-off thresholds for distress (Distress Thermometer and Problem List ≥4 or ≥7)/anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety ≥8)/depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression ≥8) and demographic factors. A total of 125 participants completed the study (78% response rate). ECA was associated with depression (p <0.001), anxiety (p = 0.001), and distress (p = 0.006), meeting cut-off threshold criteria for distress (p = 0.024), anxiety (p = 0.048), and depression (p = 0.001). On multivariate analysis, only depression (p = 0.04) and emotional issues (i.e., component of Distress Thermometer and Problem List) (p = 0.001) were associated with ECA. Neglect, but not Abuse and Chaotic Home Environment, was associated with depression (β = 0.442, p < 0.001), anxiety (β = 0.342, p = 0.002), and self-identified problems with family (β = 0.288, p = 0.022), emotion (β = 0.345, p = 0.004), and physical issues (β = 0.408, p < 0.001). ECA and neglect are associated with multiple psychologic symptoms, but most specifically depression in the setting of breast cancer. ECA contributes to psychologic burden as a vulnerability factor. ECA may help to explain individual patient trajectories and influence the provision of patient-centered care for psychologic symptoms in patients with breast cancer. Copyright © 2016 The Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Streamflow losses in the Black Hills of western South Dakota

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hortness, Jon E.; Driscoll, Daniel G.

1998-01-01

Losses occur in numerous streams that cross outcrops of various sedimentary rocks that are exposed around the periphery of the Black Hills of South Dakota. These streamflow losses are recognized as an important source of local recharge to regional bedrock aquifers. Most streams lose all of their flow up to some threshold rate. Streamflow is maintained through a loss zone when the threshold is exceeded. Streamflow records for 86 measurement sites are used to determine bedrock loss thresholds for 24 area streams, which have individual loss thresholds that range from negligible (no loss) to as much as 50 cubic feet per second. In addition, insights are provided regarding springflow that occurs in the immediate vicinity of selected loss zones. Most losses occur to outcrops of the Madison Limestone and Minnelusa Formation. Losses to the Deadwood Formation probably are minimal. Losses to the Minnekahta Limestone generally are small; however, they are difficult to quantify because of potential losses to extensive alluvial deposits that commonly are located near Minnekahta outcrops. Loss thresholds for each stream are shown to be relatively constant, without measurable effects from streamflow rates or duration of flow through the loss zones. Calculated losses for measurements made during high-flow conditions generally have larger variability than calculated losses for low-flow conditions; however, consistent relations between losses and streamflow have not been identified. Some of this variability results from the inability to account for tributary inflows and changes in storage. Calculated losses are shown to decrease, in some cases, during periods of extended flow through loss zones. Decreased 'net' losses, however, generally can be attributed to springflow (ground-water discharge) within a loss zone, which may occur during prolonged periods of wet climatic conditions. Losses to unsaturated alluvial deposits located adjacent to the stream channels are found to have significant effects on determination of bedrock losses. Large losses occur in filling initial storage in unsaturated alluvial deposits downstream from loss zones, when bedrock loss thresholds are first exceeded. Losses to alluvial deposits in the range of tens of cubic feet per second and alluvial storage capacities in the range of hundreds of acre-feet are documented. Significant changes in loss thresholds for Grace Coolidge Creek, Spring Creek, and Whitewood Creek are documented. Introduction of large quantities of fine-grained sediments into these stream channels may have affected loss thresholds for various periods of time.

A cascading failure analysis tool for post processing TRANSCARE simulations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

This is a MATLAB-based tool to post process simulation results in the EPRI software TRANSCARE, for massive cascading failure analysis following severe disturbances. There are a few key modules available in this tool, including: 1. automatically creating a contingency list to run TRANSCARE simulations, including substation outages above a certain kV threshold, N-k (1, 2 or 3) generator outages and branche outages; 2. read in and analyze a CKO file of PCG definition, an initiating event list, and a CDN file; 3. post process all the simulation results saved in a CDN file and perform critical event corridor analysis; 4.more » provide a summary of TRANSCARE simulations; 5. Identify the most frequently occurring event corridors in the system; and 6. Rank the contingencies using a user defined security index to quantify consequences in terms of total load loss, total number of cascades, etc.« less

VizieR Online Data Catalog: Blazars in the Swift-BAT hard X-ray sky (Maselli+, 2010)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maselli, A.; Cusumano, G.; Massaro, E.; La Parola, V.; Segreto, A.; Sbarufatti, B.

2010-06-01

We reported the list of hard X-ray blazars obtained adopting sigma=3 as detection threshold: with this choice a number of three spurious sources over a total of 121 blazars is expected. Each blazar is identified by a three-letter code, where the first two are BZ for blazar and the third one specifies the type, followed by the truncated equatorial coordinates (J2000). The codes are defined in the "Note (1)" below. We obtained 69 FSRQs, 24 BL Lac objects and 28 blazars of uncertain classification, representing 4.4%, 2.4% and 11.0% of the corresponding populations classified in the BZCAT, respectively. This sample has been compared with other lists and catalogues found in literature (Tueller et al., 2010, Cat. J/ApJS/186/378, Ajello et al. 2009ApJ...699..603A, Cusumano et al., 2010, Cat. J/A+A/510/A48). (1 data file).

Net reclassification index at event rate: properties and relationships.

PubMed

Pencina, Michael J; Steyerberg, Ewout W; D'Agostino, Ralph B

2017-12-10

The net reclassification improvement (NRI) is an attractively simple summary measure quantifying improvement in performance because of addition of new risk marker(s) to a prediction model. Originally proposed for settings with well-established classification thresholds, it quickly extended into applications with no thresholds in common use. Here we aim to explore properties of the NRI at event rate. We express this NRI as a difference in performance measures for the new versus old model and show that the quantity underlying this difference is related to several global as well as decision analytic measures of model performance. It maximizes the relative utility (standardized net benefit) across all classification thresholds and can be viewed as the Kolmogorov-Smirnov distance between the distributions of risk among events and non-events. It can be expressed as a special case of the continuous NRI, measuring reclassification from the 'null' model with no predictors. It is also a criterion based on the value of information and quantifies the reduction in expected regret for a given regret function, casting the NRI at event rate as a measure of incremental reduction in expected regret. More generally, we find it informative to present plots of standardized net benefit/relative utility for the new versus old model across the domain of classification thresholds. Then, these plots can be summarized with their maximum values, and the increment in model performance can be described by the NRI at event rate. We provide theoretical examples and a clinical application on the evaluation of prognostic biomarkers for atrial fibrillation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Age-Related Reduction of Recovery Sleep and Arousal Threshold in Drosophila.

PubMed

Vienne, Julie; Spann, Ryanne; Guo, Fang; Rosbash, Michael

2016-08-01

Physiological studies show that aging affects both sleep quality and quantity in humans, and sleep complaints increase with age. Along with knowledge about the negative effects of poor sleep on health, understanding the enigmatic relationship between sleep and aging is important. Because human sleep is similar to Drosophila (fruit fly) sleep in many ways, we addressed the effects of aging on sleep in this model organism. Baseline sleep was recorded in five different Drosophila genotypes raised at either 21°C or 25°C. The amount of sleep recovered was then investigated after a nighttime of sleep deprivation (12 h) and after chronic sleep deprivation (3 h every night for multiple nights). Finally, the effects of aging on arousal, namely, sensitivity to neuronal and mechanical stimuli, were studied. We show that fly sleep is affected by age in a manner similar to that of humans and other mammals. Not only do older flies of several genotypes have more fragmented sleep and reduced total sleep time compared to young flies, but older flies also fail to recover as much sleep after sleep deprivation. This suggests either lower sleep homeostasis and/or a failure to properly recover sleep. Older flies also show a decreased arousal threshold, i.e., an increased response to neuronal and mechanical wake-promoting stimuli. The reduced threshold may either reflect or cause the reduced recovery sleep of older flies compared to young flies after sleep deprivation. Further studies are certainly needed, but we suggest that the lower homeostatic sleep drive of older flies causes their decreased arousal threshold. © 2016 Associated Professional Sleep Societies, LLC.

The USGS Earthquake Notification Service (ENS): Customizable notifications of earthquakes around the globe

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wald, Lisa A.; Wald, David J.; Schwarz, Stan; Presgrave, Bruce; Earle, Paul S.; Martinez, Eric; Oppenheimer, David

2008-01-01

At the beginning of 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earthquake Hazards Program (EHP) introduced a new automated Earthquake Notification Service (ENS) to take the place of the National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) "Bigquake" system and the various other individual EHP e-mail list-servers for separate regions in the United States. These included northern California, southern California, and the central and eastern United States. ENS is a "one-stop shopping" system that allows Internet users to subscribe to flexible and customizable notifications for earthquakes anywhere in the world. The customization capability allows users to define the what (magnitude threshold), the when (day and night thresholds), and the where (specific regions) for their notifications. Customization is achieved by employing a per-user based request profile, allowing the notifications to be tailored for each individual's requirements. Such earthquake-parameter-specific custom delivery was not possible with simple e-mail list-servers. Now that event and user profiles are in a structured query language (SQL) database, additional flexibility is possible. At the time of this writing, ENS had more than 114,000 subscribers, with more than 200,000 separate user profiles. On a typical day, more than 188,000 messages get sent to a variety of widely distributed users for a wide range of earthquake locations and magnitudes. The purpose of this article is to describe how ENS works, highlight the features it offers, and summarize plans for future developments.

Health and Environmental Effects Profile for benzotrichloride

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1986-07-01

The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for benzotrichloride was prepared to support listings of hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste streams under Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide health-related limits for emergency actions under Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA). Both published literature and information obtained from Agency program office files were evaluated as they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste constituents. Quantitative estimates are presented provided sufficient data are available. Benzotrichloride has been evaluated as a carcinogen.more » The human carcinogen potency factor for benzotrichloride is 12.63 (mg/kg/day) for oral exposure. The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value of 1, 10, 100, 1000 or 5000 pounds is used to determine the quantity of a hazardous substance for which notification is required in the event of a release as specified by CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. The RQ value for benzotrichloride is 10.« less

Identification of a threshold for biomass exposure index for chronic bronchitis in rural women of Mysore district, Karnataka, India.

PubMed

Mahesh, P A; Jayaraj, B S; Prabhakar, A K; Chaya, S K; Vijaysimha, R

2013-01-01

Exposure to air pollution due to combustion of biomass fuels remains one of the significant risk factors for chronic respiratory diseases such as chronic bronchitis. There is a need to identify the minimum threshold level of biomass index that is significantly associated with chronic bronchitis. This study was undertaken to identify a threshold for biomass exposure index in a rural women population in Mysore district, south India. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a representative population of Mysore and Nanjangud taluks. Eight villages each from Mysore and Nanjangud were randomly selected based on the list of villages from census 2001. A house-to-house survey was carried out by trained field workers using the Burden of Obstructive Diseases questionnaire, which evaluated the biomass smoke exposure and chronic bronchitis. All the women aged above 30 yr were included in the study. A total of 2011 women from Mysore and 1942 women from Nanjangud participated in the study. All women were non-smoking and used biomass fuels as the primary fuel for cooking. A threshold of biomass fuel exposure of 60 was identified on multivariate analysis in Mysore district after adjusting for age, passive smoking and working in a occupational exposure to dust, as the minimum required for a significant association with chronic bronchitis. One in every 20 women in Mysore district exposed to biomass fuel exposure index of 110 or more developed chronic bronchitis. The minimum threshold of biomass exposure index of 60 is necessary to have a significant risk of developing chronic bronchitis in women. The number needed to harm to develop chronic bronchitis reduces with increasing biomass exposure index and women residing in rural Nanjangud have a higher risk for developing chronic bronchitis as compared to women in Mysore.

A novel association rule mining approach using TID intermediate itemset.

PubMed

Aqra, Iyad; Herawan, Tutut; Abdul Ghani, Norjihan; Akhunzada, Adnan; Ali, Akhtar; Bin Razali, Ramdan; Ilahi, Manzoor; Raymond Choo, Kim-Kwang

2018-01-01

Designing an efficient association rule mining (ARM) algorithm for multilevel knowledge-based transactional databases that is appropriate for real-world deployments is of paramount concern. However, dynamic decision making that needs to modify the threshold either to minimize or maximize the output knowledge certainly necessitates the extant state-of-the-art algorithms to rescan the entire database. Subsequently, the process incurs heavy computation cost and is not feasible for real-time applications. The paper addresses efficiently the problem of threshold dynamic updation for a given purpose. The paper contributes by presenting a novel ARM approach that creates an intermediate itemset and applies a threshold to extract categorical frequent itemsets with diverse threshold values. Thus, improving the overall efficiency as we no longer needs to scan the whole database. After the entire itemset is built, we are able to obtain real support without the need of rebuilding the itemset (e.g. Itemset list is intersected to obtain the actual support). Moreover, the algorithm supports to extract many frequent itemsets according to a pre-determined minimum support with an independent purpose. Additionally, the experimental results of our proposed approach demonstrate the capability to be deployed in any mining system in a fully parallel mode; consequently, increasing the efficiency of the real-time association rules discovery process. The proposed approach outperforms the extant state-of-the-art and shows promising results that reduce computation cost, increase accuracy, and produce all possible itemsets.

A novel association rule mining approach using TID intermediate itemset

PubMed Central

Ali, Akhtar; Bin Razali, Ramdan; Ilahi, Manzoor; Raymond Choo, Kim-Kwang

2018-01-01

Designing an efficient association rule mining (ARM) algorithm for multilevel knowledge-based transactional databases that is appropriate for real-world deployments is of paramount concern. However, dynamic decision making that needs to modify the threshold either to minimize or maximize the output knowledge certainly necessitates the extant state-of-the-art algorithms to rescan the entire database. Subsequently, the process incurs heavy computation cost and is not feasible for real-time applications. The paper addresses efficiently the problem of threshold dynamic updation for a given purpose. The paper contributes by presenting a novel ARM approach that creates an intermediate itemset and applies a threshold to extract categorical frequent itemsets with diverse threshold values. Thus, improving the overall efficiency as we no longer needs to scan the whole database. After the entire itemset is built, we are able to obtain real support without the need of rebuilding the itemset (e.g. Itemset list is intersected to obtain the actual support). Moreover, the algorithm supports to extract many frequent itemsets according to a pre-determined minimum support with an independent purpose. Additionally, the experimental results of our proposed approach demonstrate the capability to be deployed in any mining system in a fully parallel mode; consequently, increasing the efficiency of the real-time association rules discovery process. The proposed approach outperforms the extant state-of-the-art and shows promising results that reduce computation cost, increase accuracy, and produce all possible itemsets. PMID:29351287

Graduated Frequencies alcohol measures for monitoring consumption patterns: Results from an Australian national survey and a US diary validity study

PubMed Central

Greenfield, Thomas K.; Kerr, William C.; Bond, Jason; Ye, Yu; Stockwell, Tim

2009-01-01

We investigate several types of graduated frequency (GF) instruments for monitoring drinking patterns. Two studies with 12-month GF measures and daily data were used: (i) the Australian 2004 National Drug Strategy Household Survey (n = 24,109 aged 12+; 22,546 with GF and over 8000 with yesterday data) and (ii) a US methodological study involving a 28-day daily diary plus GF summary measures drawn from the National Alcohol Survey (n = 3,025 screened, 119 eligible study completers). The NDSHS involved (i) “drop and collect” self-completed forms with random sampling methods; the Measurement study (ii) screened 3+ drinkers by telephone and collected 28-day drinking diaries and pre- and post-diary 28-day GFs. We compared mean values for the GF quantity ranges from yesterday’s drinks (study i) and 28-day diaries (study ii), also examining volume influence. Using Yesterday’s drinking, Australian results showed GF quantity range means close to arithmetic midpoints and volume effects only for the lowest two levels (1–2, and 3–4 drinks; p < .001). U.S. calibration results on the GF using 28-day diaries were similar, with a volume effect only at these low quantity levels (p < .001). Means for the highest quantity thresholds were 23.5 drinks for the 20+ (10 gram) drink level (Australia) and 15.5 drinks for the 12+ (14 g) drink level (US). In the US study, summary GF frequency and volume were highly consistent with diary-based counterparts. A conclusion is that algorithms for computing volume may be refined using validation data. We suggest measurement methods may be improved by taking better account of empirical drink ethanol content. PMID:21197381

Research and Development of Hazardous/Toxic Waste Analytical Screening Procedures. Available Field Methods for Rapid Screening of Hazardous Waste Materials at Waste Sites (Class A Poisons).

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-01-01

bromide is listed as a positive interference. Nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide can be detected by using the Draeger nitrous fumes detector tube. A... fumes exhibit a delay from the time of exposure to the onset of symptoms. This time delay would not be conducive for a rapid field screening test. It...Dangerous when strongly heated, emits highly toxic fumes . THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE: No information available PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS: A. Intensely irritating to

Adaptive refinement tools for tetrahedral unstructured grids

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pao, S. Paul (Inventor); Abdol-Hamid, Khaled S. (Inventor)

2011-01-01

An exemplary embodiment providing one or more improvements includes software which is robust, efficient, and has a very fast run time for user directed grid enrichment and flow solution adaptive grid refinement. All user selectable options (e.g., the choice of functions, the choice of thresholds, etc.), other than a pre-marked cell list, can be entered on the command line. The ease of application is an asset for flow physics research and preliminary design CFD analysis where fast grid modification is often needed to deal with unanticipated development of flow details.

Comparison of three commercial knowledge bases for detection of drug-drug interactions in clinical decision support.

PubMed

Fung, Kin Wah; Kapusnik-Uner, Joan; Cunningham, Jean; Higby-Baker, Stefanie; Bodenreider, Olivier

2017-07-01

To compare 3 commercial knowledge bases (KBs) used for detection and avoidance of potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) in clinical practice. Drugs in the DDI tables from First DataBank (FDB), Micromedex, and Multum were mapped to RxNorm. The KBs were compared at the clinical drug, ingredient, and DDI rule levels. The KBs were evaluated against a reference list of highly significant DDIs from the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC). The KBs and the ONC list were applied to a prescription data set to simulate their use in clinical decision support. The KBs contained 1.6 million (FDB), 4.5 million (Micromedex), and 4.8 million (Multum) clinical drug pairs. Altogether, there were 8.6 million unique pairs, of which 79% were found only in 1 KB and 5% in all 3 KBs. However, there was generally more agreement than disagreement in the severity rankings, especially in the contraindicated category. The KBs covered 99.8-99.9% of the alerts of the ONC list and would have generated 25 (FDB), 145 (Micromedex), and 84 (Multum) alerts per 1000 prescriptions. The commercial KBs differ considerably in size and quantity of alerts generated. There is less variability in severity ranking of DDIs than suggested by previous studies. All KBs provide very good coverage of the ONC list. More work is needed to standardize the editorial policies and evidence for inclusion of DDIs to reduce variation among knowledge sources and improve relevance. Some DDIs considered contraindicated in all 3 KBs might be possible candidates to add to the ONC list. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Medical Informatics Association 2017. This work is written by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States.

Local-duality QCD sum rules for strong isospin breaking in the decay constants of heavy-light mesons.

PubMed

Lucha, Wolfgang; Melikhov, Dmitri; Simula, Silvano

2018-01-01

We discuss the leptonic decay constants of heavy-light mesons by means of Borel QCD sum rules in the local-duality (LD) limit of infinitely large Borel mass parameter. In this limit, for an appropriate choice of the invariant structures in the QCD correlation functions, all vacuum-condensate contributions vanish and all nonperturbative effects are contained in only one quantity, the effective threshold. We study properties of the LD effective thresholds in the limits of large heavy-quark mass [Formula: see text] and small light-quark mass [Formula: see text]. In the heavy-quark limit, we clarify the role played by the radiative corrections in the effective threshold for reproducing the pQCD expansion of the decay constants of pseudoscalar and vector mesons. We show that the dependence of the meson decay constants on [Formula: see text] arises predominantly (at the level of 70-80%) from the calculable [Formula: see text]-dependence of the perturbative spectral densities. Making use of the lattice QCD results for the decay constants of nonstrange and strange pseudoscalar and vector heavy mesons, we obtain solid predictions for the decay constants of heavy-light mesons as functions of [Formula: see text] in the range from a few to 100 MeV and evaluate the corresponding strong isospin-breaking effects: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text].

Confinement Regulates Complex Biochemical Networks: Initiation of Blood Clotting by “Diffusion Acting”

PubMed Central

Shen, Feng; Pompano, Rebecca R.; Kastrup, Christian J.; Ismagilov, Rustem F.

2009-01-01

Abstract This study shows that environmental confinement strongly affects the activation of nonlinear reaction networks, such as blood coagulation (clotting), by small quantities of activators. Blood coagulation is sensitive to the local concentration of soluble activators, initiating only when the activators surpass a threshold concentration, and therefore is regulated by mass transport phenomena such as flow and diffusion. Here, diffusion was limited by decreasing the size of microfluidic chambers, and it was found that microparticles carrying either the classical stimulus, tissue factor, or a bacterial stimulus, Bacillus cereus, initiated coagulation of human platelet-poor plasma only when confined. A simple analytical argument and numerical model were used to describe the mechanism for this phenomenon: confinement causes diffusible activators to accumulate locally and surpass the threshold concentration. To interpret the results, a dimensionless confinement number, Cn, was used to describe whether a stimulus was confined, and a Damköhler number, Da2, was used to describe whether a subthreshold stimulus could initiate coagulation. In the context of initiation of coagulation by bacteria, this mechanism can be thought of as “diffusion acting”, which is distinct from “diffusion sensing”. The ability of confinement and diffusion acting to change the outcome of coagulation suggests that confinement should also regulate other biological “on” and “off” processes that are controlled by thresholds. PMID:19843446

Skin dosimetry of patients during interventional cardiology procedures in the Czech Republic

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sukupova, Lucie; Novak, Leos

2008-01-01

The aim of the study is to determine distribution of air kerma-area product, fluoro time and number of frames values for the two most frequent procedures in the interventional cardiology, to reconstruct skin dose distributions for some patients undergoing coronarography and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty procedures. Patient dose data were obtained from X-ray unit dose monitoring software report from one hospital and the reconstructions were performed in MATLAB. Dependence of maximum skin dose on air kerma-area product, fluoro time and number of frames was determined to assess trigger levels of these quantities, which can indicate possible exceeding of the 2 Gy skin dose threshold.

Niche overlap, threshold food densities, and limits to prey depletion for a diving duck assemblage in an estuarine bay

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lovvorn, James R.; De La Cruz, Susan; Takekawa, John Y.; Shaskey, Laura E.; Richman, Samantha E.

2013-01-01

Planning for marine conservation often requires estimates of the amount of habitat needed to support assemblages of interacting species. During winter in subtidal San Pablo Bay, California, the 3 main diving duck species are lesser scaup Aythya affinis (LESC), greater scaup A. marila (GRSC), and surf scoter Melanitta perspicillata (SUSC), which all feed almost entirely on the bivalve Corbula amurensis. Decreased body mass and fat, increased foraging effort, and major departures of these birds appeared to result from food limitation. Broad overlap in prey size, water depth, and location suggested that the 3 species responded similarly to availability of the same prey. However, an energetics model that accounts for differing body size, locomotor mode, and dive behavior indicated that each species will become limited at different stages of prey depletion in the order SUSC, then GRSC, then LESC. Depending on year, 35 to 66% of the energy in Corbula standing stocks was below estimated threshold densities for profitable foraging. Ectothermic predators, especially flounders and sturgeons, could reduce excess carrying capacity for different duck species by 4 to 10%. A substantial quantity of prey above profitability thresholds was not exploited before most ducks left San Pablo Bay. Such pre-depletion departure has been attributed in other taxa to foraging aggression. However, in these diving ducks that showed no overt aggression, this pattern may result from high costs of locating all adequate prey patches, resulting reliance on existing flocks to find food, and propensity to stay near dense flocks to avoid avian predation. For interacting species assemblages, modeling profitability thresholds can indicate the species most vulnerable to food declines. However, estimates of total habitat needed require better understanding of factors affecting the amount of prey above thresholds that is not depleted before the predators move elsewhere.

Practical Uses of Antiprotons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jackson, Gerald P.

The production of commercial quantities of antiprotons has been a reality for many years now. The deceleration and trapping of antiprotons is a relatively new activity, but has been sufficiently proven to be translated into a business enterprise. Now that NASA has a portable Penning trap for transporting antiprotons, all the elements are in place to begin the commercial distribution of antiprotons. The list of potential customers for antiprotons is continuously growing, with detailed market analyses already performed on some medical and propulsion applications. In this paper these applications are reviewed, along with their appetite for antiprotons and the steps needed to bring them to market.

The Observed Properties of Liquid Helium at the Saturated Vapor Pressure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Donnelly, Russell J.; Barenghi, Carlo F.

1998-11-01

The equilibrium and transport properties of liquid 4He are deduced from experimental observations at the saturated vapor pressure. In each case, the bibliography lists all known measurements. Quantities reported here include density, thermal expansion coefficient, dielectric constant, superfluid and normal fluid densities, first, second, third, and fourth sound velocities, specific heat, enthalpy, entropy, surface tension, ion mobilities, mutual friction, viscosity and kinematic viscosity, dispersion curve, structure factor, thermal conductivity, latent heat, saturated vapor pressure, thermal diffusivity and Prandtl number of helium I, and displacement length and vortex core parameter in helium II.

General requirements to implement the personal dose equivalent Hp(10) in Brazil

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gomes Lopes, Amanda; Da Silva, Francisco Cesar Augusto

2018-03-01

To update the dosimetry quantity with the international community, Brazil is changing the Individual Dose (Hx) to the Personal Dose Equivalent Hp(10). A bibliographical survey on the technical and administrative requirements of nine countries that use Hp(10) was carried out to obtain the most relevant ones. All of them follow IEC and ISO guidelines for technical requirements, but administrative requirements change from country to country. Based on countries experiences, this paper presents a list of important general requirements to implement Hp(10) and to prepare the Brazilian requirements according to the international scientific community.

Preliminary Metallogenic Map of North America; a listing of deposits by commodity

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lee, Michael P.; Guild, Philip White; Schruben, Paul G.

1987-01-01

The 4,215 ore deposits shown on the Preliminary Metallogenic Map of North America and contained in the Metallogenic Map file have been sorted by their principal (first-listed) commodities and grouped into metallic and nonmetallic categories. Deposit listings for 56 individual metals and minerals have been assembled using the data base and are arranged alphabetically by country, political subdivision (for the larger countries), and deposit name. Map numbers, major and minor constituents, geographic coordinates, and a geologic code are given for each deposit; additionally, the relative size and deposit class have been derived from the code and are listed separately. The frequencies of individual commodities and commodity groups by type, geographic distribution, and geologic occurrence are summarized in tables, and the relationships of associated commodities to principal commodities in the data base are emphasized in both tables and brief texts. In all, 49 metals and minerals are listed as principal (first or only) commodities and 7 more are shown as 'major' but not principal commodities. (Commodities listed as 'minor' in the data base were not sorted or tabulated separately.) Metals, divided into six subgroups, predominate over nonmetallic minerals by a ratio of about 7 to 1, although in terms of quantities and value the disparity is not so great. Within the metals group, the ranking according to frequency is as follows: base, precious, iron and alloying, other (antimony, beryllium, and others), nuclear-fuel, and light metals. The most frequently occurring commodity in the Metallogenic Map file is gold. Copper is ranked second, both in number of occurrences and as the principal commodity in deposits. Silver is ranked third in frequency of occurrence; lead and zinc are ranked fourth and fifth, respectively. Iron, ranked sixth in frequency of occurrence as a major commodity, is the third most reported principal commodity in the data base, ahead of silver (ranked fourth), lead (ranked fifth), and zinc (ranked sixth).

Qualitative Assessment: Evaluating the Impacts of Climate ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The South Fork Nooksack River (South Fork) is located in northwest Washington State and is home to nine species of Pacific salmon, including Nooksack early Chinook (aka, spring Chinook salmon), an iconic species for the Nooksack Indian Tribe. The quantity of salmon in the South Fork, especially spring Chinook salmon, has dramatically declined from historic levels, due primarily to habitat degradation from the legacy impacts of various land uses such as commercial forestry, agriculture, flood control, and transportation infrastructure. Segments of the South Fork and some of its tributaries exceed temperature criteria established for the protection of cold-water salmonid populations, and were listed on Washington State’s Clean Water Act (CWA) 303(d) list of impaired waterbodies. High water temperatures in the South Fork are detrimental to fish and other native species that depend on cool, clean, well-oxygenated water. Of the nine salmon species, three have been listed as threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA) and are of high priority to restoration efforts in the South Fork—spring Chinook salmon, summer steelhead trout, and bull trout. Growing evidence shows that climate change will exacerbate legacy impacts. This qualitative assessment is a comprehensive analysis of climate change impacts on freshwater habitat and Pacific salmon in the South Fork. It also evaluates the effectiveness of restoration tools that address Pacific salmon recovery.

Modeling of the Wegener Bergeron Findeisen process—implications for aerosol indirect effects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Storelvmo, T.; Kristjánsson, J. E.; Lohmann, U.; Iversen, T.; Kirkevåg, A.; Seland, Ø.

2008-10-01

A new parameterization of the Wegener-Bergeron-Findeisen (WBF) process has been developed, and implemented in the general circulation model CAM-Oslo. The new parameterization scheme has important implications for the process of phase transition in mixed-phase clouds. The new treatment of the WBF process replaces a previous formulation, in which the onset of the WBF effect depended on a threshold value of the mixing ratio of cloud ice. As no observational guidance for such a threshold value exists, the previous treatment added uncertainty to estimates of aerosol effects on mixed-phase clouds. The new scheme takes subgrid variability into account when simulating the WBF process, allowing for smoother phase transitions in mixed-phase clouds compared to the previous approach. The new parameterization yields a model state which gives reasonable agreement with observed quantities, allowing for calculations of aerosol effects on mixed-phase clouds involving a reduced number of tunable parameters. Furthermore, we find a significant sensitivity to perturbations in ice nuclei concentrations with the new parameterization, which leads to a reversal of the traditional cloud lifetime effect.

Neonatal handling (resilience) attenuates water-avoidance stress induced enhancement of chronic mechanical hyperalgesia in the rat

PubMed Central

Alvarez, Pedro; Levine, Jon D.; Green, Paul G.

2015-01-01

Chronic stress is well known to exacerbate pain. We tested the hypothesis that neonatal handling, which induces resilience to the negative impact of stress by increasing the quality and quantity of maternal care, attenuates the mechanical hyperalgesia produced by water-avoidance stress in the adult rat. Neonatal male rats underwent the handling protocol on postnatal days 2–9, weaned at 21 days and tested for muscle mechanical nociceptive threshold at postnatal days 50–75. Decrease in mechanical nociceptive threshold in skeletal muscle in adult rats, produced by exposure to water-avoidance stress, was significantly attenuated by neonatal handling. Neonatal handling also attenuated the mechanical hyperalgesia produced by intramuscular administration of the pronociceptive inflammatory mediator, prostaglandin E2 in rats exposed as adults to water-avoidance stress. Neonatal handling, which induces a smaller corticosterone response in adult rats exposed to a stressor as well as changes in central nervous system neurotransmitter systems, attenuates mechanical hyperalgesia produced by water-avoidance stress and enhanced prostaglandin hyperalgesia in adult animals. PMID:25637700

a Method of Generating dem from Dsm Based on Airborne Insar Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lu, W.; Zhang, J.; Xue, G.; Wang, C.

2018-04-01

Traditional methods of terrestrial survey to acquire DEM cannot meet the requirement of acquiring large quantities of data in real time, but the DSM can be quickly obtained by using the dual antenna synthetic aperture radar interferometry and the DEM generated by the DSM is more fast and accurate. Therefore it is most important to acquire DEM from DSM based on airborne InSAR data. This paper aims to the method that generate DEM from DSM accurately. Two steps in this paper are applied to acquire accurate DEM. First of all, when the DSM is generated by interferometry, unavoidable factors such as overlay and shadow will produce gross errors to affect the data accuracy, so the adaptive threshold segmentation method is adopted to remove the gross errors and the threshold is selected according to the coherence of the interferometry. Secondly DEM will be generated by the progressive triangulated irregular network densification filtering algorithm. Finally, experimental results are compared with the existing high-precision DEM results. The results show that this method can effectively filter out buildings, vegetation and other objects to obtain the high-precision DEM.

[Evaluating the Significance of Odor Gas Released During the Directly Drying Process of Sludge: Based on the Multi-index Integrated Assessment Method].

PubMed

Ding, Wen-jie; Chen, Wen-he; Deng, Ming-jia; Luo, Hui; Li, Lin; Liu, Jun-xin

2016-02-15

Co-processing of sewage sludge using the cement kiln can realize sludge harmless treatment, quantity reduction, stabilization and reutilization. The moisture content should be reduced to below 30% to meet the requirement of combustion. Thermal drying is an effective way for sludge desiccation. Odors and volatile organic compounds are generated and released during the sludge drying process, which could lead to odor pollution. The main odor pollutants were selected by the multi-index integrated assessment method. The concentration, olfactory threshold, threshold limit value, smell security level and saturated vapor pressure were considered as indexes based on the related regulations in China and foreign countries. Taking the pollution potential as the evaluation target, and the risk index and odor emission intensity as evaluation indexes, the odor pollution potential rated evaluation model of the pollutants was built according to the Weber-Fechner law. The aim of the present study is to form the rating evaluation method of odor potential pollution capacity suitable for the directly drying process of sludge.

An alert system for triggering different levels of coastal management urgency: Tunisia case study using rapid environmental assessment data.

PubMed

Price, A R G; Jaoui, K; Pearson, M P; Jeudy de Grissac, A

2014-03-15

Rapid environmental assessment (REA) involves scoring abundances of ecosystems/species groups and magnitude of pressures, concurrently, using the same logarithmic (0-6) assessment scale. We demonstrate the utility of REA data for an alert system identifying different levels of coastal management concern. Thresholds set for abundances/magnitudes, when crossed, trigger proposed responses. Kerkennah, Tunisia, our case study, has significant natural assets (e.g. exceptional seagrass and invertebrate abundances), subjected to varying levels of disturbance and management concern. Using REA thresholds set, fishing, green algae/eutrophication and oil occurred at 'low' levels (scores 0-1): management not (currently) necessary. Construction and wood litter prevailed at 'moderate' levels (scores 2-4): management alerted for (further) monitoring. Solid waste densities were 'high' (scores 5-6): management alerted for action; quantities of rubbish were substantial (20-200 items m⁻¹ beach) but not unprecedented. REA is considered a robust methodology and complementary to other rapid assessment techniques, environmental frameworks and indicators of ecosystem condition. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cloud Type Classification (cldtype) Value-Added Product

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Flynn, Donna; Shi, Yan; Lim, K-S

The Cloud Type (cldtype) value-added product (VAP) provides an automated cloud type classification based on macrophysical quantities derived from vertically pointing lidar and radar. Up to 10 layers of clouds are classified into seven cloud types based on predetermined and site-specific thresholds of cloud top, base and thickness. Examples of thresholds for selected U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility sites are provided in Tables 1 and 2. Inputs for the cldtype VAP include lidar and radar cloud boundaries obtained from the Active Remotely Sensed Cloud Location (ARSCL) and Surface Meteorological Systems (MET) data. Rainmore » rates from MET are used to determine when radar signal attenuation precludes accurate cloud detection. Temporal resolution and vertical resolution for cldtype are 1 minute and 30 m respectively and match the resolution of ARSCL. The cldtype classification is an initial step for further categorization of clouds. It was developed for use by the Shallow Cumulus VAP to identify potential periods of interest to the LASSO model and is intended to find clouds of interest for a variety of users.« less

Distribution of volatile branched-chain fatty acids in various lamb tissues.

PubMed

Brennand, C P; Lindsay, R C

1992-01-01

Volatile fatty acids (C4-C11) including even-, odd-, and branched-chain members in lamb tissues were quantitatively analyzed. Volatile branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) were more concentrated in subcutaneous adipose tissue samples (rump, shoulder, breast) than in perinepheric adipose or muscle tissues. Perinepheric adipose tissue contained relatively high quantities of n-chain, even-numbered fatty acids and very low levels of BCFA. Greater variation existed in fatty acid profiles among similar subcutaneous adipose tissues from different lambs than between samples of adipose tissue from different carcass sites from a given lamb sample. 4-Methyl- and 4-ethyloctanoic acids were present at concentrations greatly above threshold levels in all lamb fats tested, and thus upon hydrolysis would contribute species-related flavors to lamb. 4-Methylnonanoic concentrations in lamb fats ranged from nondetectable to greater than the threshold level, and therefore this compound would not always contribute to the species-related flavors of lamb. Lean meat samples contained very low concentrations of 4-methyl- and 4-ethyloctanoic acids. Copyright © 1992. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Image segmentation and 3D visualization for MRI mammography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Lihua; Chu, Yong; Salem, Angela F.; Clark, Robert A.

2002-05-01

MRI mammography has a number of advantages, including the tomographic, and therefore three-dimensional (3-D) nature, of the images. It allows the application of MRI mammography to breasts with dense tissue, post operative scarring, and silicon implants. However, due to the vast quantity of images and subtlety of difference in MR sequence, there is a need for reliable computer diagnosis to reduce the radiologist's workload. The purpose of this work was to develop automatic breast/tissue segmentation and visualization algorithms to aid physicians in detecting and observing abnormalities in breast. Two segmentation algorithms were developed: one for breast segmentation, the other for glandular tissue segmentation. In breast segmentation, the MRI image is first segmented using an adaptive growing clustering method. Two tracing algorithms were then developed to refine the breast air and chest wall boundaries of breast. The glandular tissue segmentation was performed using an adaptive thresholding method, in which the threshold value was spatially adaptive using a sliding window. The 3D visualization of the segmented 2D slices of MRI mammography was implemented under IDL environment. The breast and glandular tissue rendering, slicing and animation were displayed.

Pain neurophysiology education improves cognitions, pain thresholds, and movement performance in people with chronic whiplash: a pilot study.

PubMed

Van Oosterwijck, Jessica; Nijs, Jo; Meeus, Mira; Truijen, Steven; Craps, Julie; Van den Keybus, Nick; Paul, Lorna

2011-01-01

Chronic whiplash is a debilitating condition characterized by increased sensitivity to painful stimuli, maladaptive illness beliefs, inappropriate attitudes, and movement dysfunctions. Previous work in people with chronic low back pain and chronic fatigue syndrome indicates that pain neurophysiology education is able to improve illness beliefs and attitudes as well as movement performance. This single-case study (A-B-C design) with six patients with chronic whiplash associated disorders (WAD) was aimed at examining whether education about the neurophysiology of pain is accompanied by changes in symptoms, daily functioning, pain beliefs, and behavior. Periods A and C represented assessment periods, while period B consisted of the intervention (pain neurophysiology education). Results showed a significant decrease in kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia), the passive coping strategy of resting (Pain Coping Inventory), self-rated disability (Neck Disability Index), and photophobia (WAD Symptom List). At the same time, significantly increased pain pressure thresholds and improved pain-free movement performance (visual analog scale on Neck Extension Test and Brachial Plexus Provocation Test) were established. Although the current results need to be verified in a randomized, controlled trial, they suggest that education about the physiology of pain is able to increase pain thresholds and improve pain behavior and pain-free movement performance in patients with chronic WAD.

An approach to derive groundwater and stream threshold values for total nitrogen and ensure good ecological status of associated aquatic ecosystems - example from a coastal catchment to a vulnerable Danish estuary.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hinsby, Klaus; Markager, Stiig; Kronvang, Brian; Windolf, Jørgen; Sonnenborg, Torben; Sørensen, Lærke

2015-04-01

Nitrate, which typically makes up the major part (~>90%) of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in groundwater and surface water, is the most frequent pollutant responsible for European groundwater bodies failing to meet the good status objectives of the European Water Framework Directive generally when comparing groundwater monitoring data with the nitrate quality standard of the Groundwater Directive (50 mg/l = the WHO drinking water standard). Still, while more than 50 % of the European surface water bodies do not meet the objective of good ecological status "only" 25 % of groundwater bodies do not meet the objective of good chemical status according to the river basin management plans reported by the EU member states. However, based on a study on interactions between groundwater, streams and a Danish estuary we argue that nitrate threshold values for aerobic groundwater often need to be significantly below the nitrate quality standard to ensure good ecological status of associated surface water bodies, and hence that the chemical status of European groundwater is worse than indicated by the present assessments. Here we suggest a methodology for derivation of groundwater and stream threshold values for total nitrogen ("nitrate") in a coastal catchment based on assessment of maximum acceptable nitrogen loadings (thresholds) to the associated vulnerable estuary. The applied method use existing information on agricultural practices and point source emissions in the catchment, groundwater, stream quantity and quality monitoring data that all feed data to an integrated groundwater and surface water modelling tool enabling us to conduct an assessment of total nitrogen loads and threshold concentrations derived to ensure/restore good ecological status of the investigated estuary. For the catchment to the Horsens estuary in Denmark we estimate the stream and groundwater thresholds for total nitrogen to be about 13 and 27 mg/l (~ 12 and 25 mg/l of nitrate). The shown example of deriving nitrogen threshold concentrations is for groundwater and streams in a coastal catchment discharging to a vulnerable estuary in Denmark, but the principles may be applied to large river basins with sub-catchments in several countries such as e.g. the Danube or the Rhine. In this case the relevant countries need to collaborate on derivation of nitrogen thresholds based on e.g. maximum acceptable nitrogen loadings to the Black Sea / the North Sea, and finally agree on thresholds for different parts of the river basin. Phosphorus is another nutrient which frequently results in or contributes to the eutrophication of surface waters. The transport and retention processes of total phosphorus (TP) is more complex than for nitrate (or alternatively total N), and presently we are able to establish TP thresholds for streams but not for groundwater. Derivation of TP thresholds is covered in an accompanying paper by Kronvang et al.

The adequate stimulus for avian short latency vestibular responses to linear translation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, T. A.; Jones, S. M.; Colbert, S.

1998-01-01

Transient linear acceleration stimuli have been shown to elicit eighth nerve vestibular compound action potentials in birds and mammals. The present study was undertaken to better define the nature of the adequate stimulus for neurons generating the response in the chicken (Gallus domesticus). In particular, the study evaluated the question of whether the neurons studied are most sensitive to the maximum level of linear acceleration achieved or to the rate of change in acceleration (da/dt, or jerk). To do this, vestibular response thresholds were measured as a function of stimulus onset slope. Traditional computer signal averaging was used to record responses to pulsed linear acceleration stimuli. Stimulus onset slope was systematically varied. Acceleration thresholds decreased with increasing stimulus onset slope (decreasing stimulus rise time). When stimuli were expressed in units of jerk (g/ms), thresholds were virtually constant for all stimulus rise times. Moreover, stimuli having identical jerk magnitudes but widely varying peak acceleration levels produced virtually identical responses. Vestibular response thresholds, latencies and amplitudes appear to be determined strictly by stimulus jerk magnitudes. Stimulus attributes such as peak acceleration or rise time alone do not provide sufficient information to predict response parameter quantities. Indeed, the major response parameters were shown to be virtually independent of peak acceleration levels or rise time when these stimulus features were isolated and considered separately. It is concluded that the neurons generating short latency vestibular evoked potentials do so as "jerk encoders" in the chicken. Primary afferents classified as "irregular", and which traditionally fall into the broad category of "dynamic" or "phasic" neurons, would seem to be the most likely candidates for the neural generators of short latency vestibular compound action potentials.

A search for December alpha Bootids (497)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roggemans, Paul; Johannink, C.

2018-02-01

The registration of a bright multiple station meteor that proved to belong to the December alpha Bootids (DAB – 497) resulted in a search for earlier orbits of this minor shower registered by the CAMS BeNeLux network as well as all major video networks. A cluster with 78 similar orbits was identified, radiating from RA 212.3° and Decl. +22.0° with a geocentric velocity of 59.6 km/s in a time lapse from 257° to 273° in solar longitude with best activity at 263.9°. The orbital elements match perfectly with previously published results. There is no indication for any periodicity in the shower displays which is remarkably rich in bright meteors and rather deficient in faint meteors. Being detected independently from orbital data collected by different video networks, confirmed by 78 orbits with a medium threshold D criterion DD < 0.08 and 43 orbits with a high threshold of DD < 0.04, this minor shower could be considered to be listed as an established meteor shower.

Range size and extinction risk in forest birds.

PubMed

Harris, Grant; Pimm, Stuart L

2008-02-01

Small geographical range size is the single best predictor of threat of extinction in terrestrial species. Knowing how small a species' range has to be before authorities consider it threatened with extinction would allow prediction of a species' risk from continued deforestation and warming climates and provide a baseline for conservation and management strategies aspiring to mitigate these threats. To determine the threshold at which forest-dependent bird species become threatened with extinction, we compared the range sizes of threatened and nonthreatened species. In doing so, we present a simple, repeatable, and practical protocol to quantify range size. We started with species' ranges published in field guides or comparable sources. We then trimmed these ranges, that is, we included only those parts of the ranges that met the species' requirements of elevation and types of forest preferred. Finally, we further trimmed the ranges to the amount of forest cover that remains. This protocol generated an estimate of the remaining suitable range for each species. We compared these range estimates with those from the World Conservation Union Red List. We used the smaller of the two estimates to determine the threshold, 11,000 km2, below which birds should be considered threatened. Species considered threatened that have larger ranges than this qualified under other (nonspatial) red list criteria. We identified a suite of species (18) that have not yet qualified as threatened but that have perilously small ranges--about 11% of the nonthreatened birds we analyzed. These birds are likely at risk of extinction and reevaluation of their status is urgently needed.

Sequential resuspension of biofilm components (viruses, prokaryotes and protists) as measured by erodimetry experiments in the Brouage mudflat (French Atlantic coast)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dupuy, Christine; Mallet, Clarisse; Guizien, Katell; Montanié, Hélène; Bréret, Martine; Mornet, Françoise; Fontaine, Camille; Nérot, Caroline; Orvain, Francis

2014-09-01

Resuspension thresholds in terms of friction velocity were experimentally quantified for the prokaryotes, protists and for the first time, viruses of intertidal mudflat biofilms. Differences in resuspension thresholds could be related to the type, behaviour and size of microorganisms and their association with particles. Free microorganisms (viruses, bacteria and some nanoflagellates) were resuspended by weak flow at friction velocities lower than 2 cm s- 1. Chlorophyll a, some nanoflagellates and attached bacteria were resuspended together with the bed's muddy sediment, which required friction velocities larger than 3 cm s- 1. Diatoms smaller than 60 μm were resuspended at velocities between 3 and 5 cm s- 1, while those larger than 60 μm were resuspended at higher friction velocities (5.5 to 6.5 cm s- 1). The thresholds of resuspension also depended on the micro-scale position of microorganisms in the sediment (horizontal and vertical distributions). In the field, the vertical distribution of chlorophyll a (a proxy of microphytobenthos) was skewed, with a maximum in the first 2 mm of sediment. Along the neap-spring tidal cycle, chlorophyll a revealed an increase in MPB biomass in the first 2 mm of the sediment, in relation to light increases with exposure durations. The horizontal distribution of chlorophyll a could be inferred from erosion experiments. During the initial phase of biofilm growth, the distribution of chlorophyll a seemed horizontally homogeneous, and was uniformly eroded at the beginning of the increase in chlorophyll a. From these results, we can make a hypothesis: in the subsequent phase of biofilm growth until the maximum of emersion duration, the eroded quantity of chlorophyll a was larger than expected based from chlorophyll a vertical distribution, suggesting that biofilm horizontal distribution became patchy and enriched chlorophyll a was preferentially eroded. When emersion duration and biofilm growth decreased, the trend was reversed, and eroded quantity of chlorophyll a was lower than expected from chlorophyll a vertical distribution, suggesting that areas with low chlorophyll a were preferentially eroded. Such erosion patterns when biofilm growth decreased probably resulted from the bulldozing activity of a surficial sediment bioturbator, the gastropod Peringia ulvae. Our study did not directly prove this horizontal distribution but it should be further discussed. This distribution needs to be studied to acquire real evidence of patchy distributions.

The definitions of information and meaning two possible boundaries between physics and biology.

PubMed

Barbieri, Marcello

2004-01-01

The standard approach to the definition of the physical quantities has not produced satisfactory results with the concepts of information and meaning. In the case of information we have at least two unrelated definitions, while in the case of meaning we have no definition at all. Here it is shown that both information and meaning can be defined by operative procedures, but it is also pointed out that we need to recognize them as a new type of natural entities. They are not quantities (neither fundamental nor derived) because they cannot be measured, and they are not qualities because are not subjective features. Here it is proposed to call them nominable entities, i.e., entities which can be specified only by naming their components in their natural order. If the genetic code is not a linguistic metaphor but a reality, we must conclude that information and meaning are real natural entities, and now we must also conclude that they are not equivalent to the quantities and qualities of our present theoretical framework. This gives us two options. One is to extend the definition of physics and say that the list of its fundamental entities must include information and meaning. The other is to say that physics is the science of quantities only, and in this case information and meaning become the exclusive province of biology. The boundary between physics and biology, in short, is a matter of convention, but the existence of information and meaning is not. We can decide to study them in the framework of an extended physics or in a purely biological framework, but we cannot avoid studying them for what they are, i.e., as fundamental components of the fabric of Nature.

A Climatology of dust emission in northern Africa using surface observations from 1984-2012

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cowie, Sophie; Knippertz, Peter; Marsham, John

2014-05-01

The huge quantity of mineral dust emitted annually from northern Africa makes this area crucial to the global dust cycle. Once in the atmosphere, dust aerosols have a significant impact on the global radiation budget, clouds, the carbon cycle and can even act as a fertilizer to rain forests in South America. Current model estimates of dust production from northern Africa are uncertain. At the heart of this problem is insufficient understanding of key dust emitting processes such as haboobs (cold pools generated through evaporation of convective precipitation), low-level jets (LLJs) and dry convection (dust devils and dust plumes). Scarce observations in this region, in particular in the Sahara, make model evaluation difficult. This work uses long-term surface observations from 70 stations situated in the Sahara and Sahel to explore the diurnal, seasonal and geographical variations in dust emission events and thresholds. Quality flags are applied to each station to indicate a day-time bias or gaps in the time period 1984-2012. The frequency of dust emission (FDE) is calculated using the present weather codes (WW) of SYNOP reports, where WW = 07,08,09,30-35 and 98. Thresholds are investigated by estimating the wind speeds for which there is a 25%, 50% and 75% probability of dust emission. The 50% threshold is used to calculate strong wind frequency (SWF) and the diagnostic parameter dust uplift potential (DUP); a thresholded cubic function of wind-speed which quantifies the dust generating power of winds. Stations are grouped into 6 areas (North Algeria, Central Sahara, Egypt, West Sahel, Central Sahel and Sudan) for more in-depth analysis of these parameters. Spatially, thresholds are highest in northern Algeria and lowest in the Sahel around the latitude band 16N-21N. Annual mean FDE is anti-correlated with the threshold, showing the importance of spatial variations in thresholds for mean dust emission. The annual cycles of FDE and SWF for the 6 grouped areas are highly correlated (0.95 to 0.99). These correlations are barely reduced when annual-mean thresholds are used, showing that seasonal variations in thresholds are not the main control on the seasonal variations in FDE. Relationships between annual cycles in FDE and DUP are more complex than between FDE and SWF, reflecting the seasonal variations in the types and intensities of dust events. FDE is highest in spring north of 23N. South of this, where stations are directly influenced by the summer monsoon, the annual cycle in FDE is much more variable. Half of the total DUP occurs at wind-speeds greater than ~ 28 ms-1, which highlights the importance of rare high-energy wind events. The likely meteorological mechanisms generating these patterns are discussed.

Aquatic exercise in a chest-high pool for hormone therapy-induced arthralgia in breast cancer survivors: a pragmatic controlled trial.

PubMed

Cantarero-Villanueva, I; Fernández-Lao, C; Caro-Morán, E; Morillas-Ruiz, J; Galiano-Castillo, N; Díaz-Rodríguez, L; Arroyo-Morales, M

2013-02-01

To investigate the impact of aquatic exercise on pressure pain threshold in breast cancer survivors with hormone therapy-associated arthralgia. Single-blind, controlled trial. Two major metropolitan hospitals and a Sport and Spa Club in Granada, Spain. Forty women aged 29-71 years with stage I-III breast cancer who reported arthralgia. Patients were allocated alternately to either aquatic exercise in a chest-high pool or usual care while on the waiting list; control patients received treatment later. The two-month hydrotherapy intervention consisted of 24 sessions 3 days per week. Each session included 5 minutes of warm-up, 15-20 minutes of aerobic exercise, 15 minutes of mobility exercise and 20 minutes of recovery techniques. Pressure pain threshold at neck, shoulder, hand and leg were evaluated as primary outcomes. Cancer-related fatigue, as measured by the Piper Fatigue Scale, body mass index and waist circumference were secondary outcomes. A 2 × 2 repeated-measure ANCOVA was used in this study. No adverse events or development of worsening of pain was observed. Almost all the participants in the intervention group (89%) adhered to the hydrotherapy programme. Participants experienced a decrease in pressure pain threshold measured in neck, hand, shoulder and leg, as measured by algometry pressure, and waist circumference; all P < 0.05. Cancer-related fatigue (P = 0.06) and body mass index (P = 0.42) did not show significant improvement. These data suggest that hydrotherapy in a chest-high pool may reduce the pain threshold and waist circumference in breast cancer survivors with hormone therapy-associated arthralgia.

Development of the Russian matrix sentence test.

PubMed

Warzybok, Anna; Zokoll, Melanie; Wardenga, Nina; Ozimek, Edward; Boboshko, Maria; Kollmeier, Birger

2015-01-01

To develop the Russian matrix sentence test for speech intelligibility measurements in noise. Test development included recordings, optimization of speech material, and evaluation to investigate the equivalency of the test lists and training. For each of the 500 test items, the speech intelligibility function, speech reception threshold (SRT: signal-to-noise ratio, SNR, that provides 50% speech intelligibility), and slope was obtained. The speech material was homogenized by applying level corrections. In evaluation measurements, speech intelligibility was measured at two fixed SNRs to compare list-specific intelligibility functions. To investigate the training effect and establish reference data, speech intelligibility was measured adaptively. Overall, 77 normal-hearing native Russian listeners. The optimization procedure decreased the spread in SRTs across words from 2.8 to 0.6 dB. Evaluation measurements confirmed that the 16 test lists were equivalent, with a mean SRT of -9.5 ± 0.2 dB and a slope of 13.8 ± 1.6%/dB. The reference SRT, -8.8 ± 0.8 dB for the open-set and -9.4 ± 0.8 dB for the closed-set format, increased slightly for noise levels above 75 dB SPL. The Russian matrix sentence test is suitable for accurate and reliable speech intelligibility measurements in noise.

Report to Congress on the U.S. Department of Energy`s Environmental Management Science Program: Research funded and its linkages to environmental cleanup problems, and high out-year cost environmental management project descriptions. Volume 3 of 3 -- Appendix C

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1998-04-01

The Department of Energy`s Environmental Management Science Program (EMSP) serves as a catalyst for the application of scientific discoveries to the development and deployment of technologies that will lead to reduction of the costs and risks associated with cleaning up the nation`s nuclear complex. Appendix C provides details about each of the Department`s 82 high cost projects and lists the EMSP research awards with potential to impact each of these projects. The high cost projects listed are those having costs greater than $50 million in constant 1998 dollars from the year 2007 and beyond, based on the March 1998 Acceleratingmore » Cleanup: Paths to Closure Draft data, and having costs of quantities of material associated with an environmental management problem area. The high cost project information is grouped by operations office and organized by site and project code. Each operations office section begins with a list of research needs associated with that operations office. Potentially related research awards are listed by problem area in the Index of Research Awards by Environmental Management Problem Area, which can be found at the end of appendices B and C. For projects that address high risks to the public, workers, or the environment, refer also the Health/Ecology/Risk problem area awards. Research needs are programmatic or technical challenges that may benefit from knowledge gained through basic research.« less

Network diffusion-based analysis of high-throughput data for the detection of differentially enriched modules

PubMed Central

Bersanelli, Matteo; Mosca, Ettore; Remondini, Daniel; Castellani, Gastone; Milanesi, Luciano

2016-01-01

A relation exists between network proximity of molecular entities in interaction networks, functional similarity and association with diseases. The identification of network regions associated with biological functions and pathologies is a major goal in systems biology. We describe a network diffusion-based pipeline for the interpretation of different types of omics in the context of molecular interaction networks. We introduce the network smoothing index, a network-based quantity that allows to jointly quantify the amount of omics information in genes and in their network neighbourhood, using network diffusion to define network proximity. The approach is applicable to both descriptive and inferential statistics calculated on omics data. We also show that network resampling, applied to gene lists ranked by quantities derived from the network smoothing index, indicates the presence of significantly connected genes. As a proof of principle, we identified gene modules enriched in somatic mutations and transcriptional variations observed in samples of prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD). In line with the local hypothesis, network smoothing index and network resampling underlined the existence of a connected component of genes harbouring molecular alterations in PRAD. PMID:27731320

Brief report: Academic amotivation in light of the dark side of identity formation.

PubMed

Cannard, Christine; Lannegrand-Willems, Lyda; Safont-Mottay, Claire; Zimmermann, Grégoire

2016-02-01

The study intended to determine motivational profiles of first-year undergraduates and aimed their characterization in terms of identity processes. First, a cluster analysis revealed five motivational profiles: combined (i.e., high quantity of motivation, low amotivation); intrinsic (i.e., high intrinsic, low introjected and external regulation, low amotivation); "demotivated" (i.e., very low quantity of motivation and amotivation); extrinsic (i.e., high extrinsic and identified regulation and low intrinsic and amotivation); and "amotivated" (i.e., low intrinsic and identified, very high amotivation). Second, using Lebart's (2000) methodology, the most characteristic identity processes were listed for each motivational cluster. Demotivated and amotivated profiles were refined in terms of adaptive and maladaptive forms of exploration. Notably, exploration in breadth and in depth were underrepresented in demotivated students compared to the total sample; commitment and ruminative exploration were under and overrepresented respectively in amotivated students. Educational and clinical implications are proposed and future research is suggested. Copyright © 2015 The Foundation for Professionals in Services for Adolescents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

An Incremental High-Utility Mining Algorithm with Transaction Insertion

PubMed Central

Gan, Wensheng; Zhang, Binbin

2015-01-01

Association-rule mining is commonly used to discover useful and meaningful patterns from a very large database. It only considers the occurrence frequencies of items to reveal the relationships among itemsets. Traditional association-rule mining is, however, not suitable in real-world applications since the purchased items from a customer may have various factors, such as profit or quantity. High-utility mining was designed to solve the limitations of association-rule mining by considering both the quantity and profit measures. Most algorithms of high-utility mining are designed to handle the static database. Fewer researches handle the dynamic high-utility mining with transaction insertion, thus requiring the computations of database rescan and combination explosion of pattern-growth mechanism. In this paper, an efficient incremental algorithm with transaction insertion is designed to reduce computations without candidate generation based on the utility-list structures. The enumeration tree and the relationships between 2-itemsets are also adopted in the proposed algorithm to speed up the computations. Several experiments are conducted to show the performance of the proposed algorithm in terms of runtime, memory consumption, and number of generated patterns. PMID:25811038

Documentation of a dissolved-solids model of the Tongue River, southeastern Montana

USGS Publications Warehouse

Woods, Paul F.

1981-01-01

A model has been developed for assessing potential increases in dissolved solids of the Tongue River as a result of leaching of overburden materials used to backfill pits in surface coal-mining operations. The model allows spatial and temporal simulation of streamflow and dissolved-solids loads and concentrations under user-defined scenarios of surface coal mining and agricultural development. The model routes an input quantity of streamflow and dissolved solids from the upstream end to the downstream end of a stream reach while algebraically accounting for gains and losses of streamflow and dissolved solids within the stream reach. Input data needed to operate the model include the following: simulation number, designation of hydrologic conditions for each simulated month, either user-defined or regression-defined concentrations of dissolved solids input by the Tongue River Reservoir, number of irrigated acres, number of mined acres, dissolved-solids concentration of mine leachates and quantity of other water losses. A listing of the Fortran computer program, definitions of all variables in the model, and an example output permit use of the model by interested persons. (USGS)

Real-air data reduction procedures based on flow parameters measured in the test section of supersonic and hypersonic facilities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, C. G., III; Wilder, S. E.

1972-01-01

Data-reduction procedures for determining free stream and post-normal shock kinetic and thermodynamic quantities are derived. These procedures are applicable to imperfect real air flows in thermochemical equilibrium for temperatures to 15 000 K and a range of pressures from 0.25 N/sq m to 1 GN/sq m. Although derived primarily to meet the immediate needs of the 6-inch expansion tube, these procedures are applicable to any supersonic or hypersonic test facility where combinations of three of the following flow parameters are measured in the test section: (1) Stagnation pressure behind normal shock; (2) freestream static pressure; (3) stagnation point heat transfer rate; (4) free stream velocity; (5) stagnation density behind normal shock; and (6) free stream density. Limitations of the nine procedures and uncertainties in calculated flow quantities corresponding to uncertainties in measured input data are discussed. A listing of the computer program is presented, along with a description of the inputs required and a sample of the data printout.

Occupational exposure limits for carcinogens--variant approaches by different countries

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cook, W.A.

1989-09-01

The differences in treatment of occupational exposure limits for carcinogens by 24 countries is described along with a discussion of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) threshold limit values (TLV) treatment, the similar treatment of the new Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standard, and the treatment by provinces of Canada. The unique listing by the Federal Republic of Germany of so-called technical guiding concentrations of a group of carcinogens is discussed with the note that Austria used this same system. Publications on justification for establishing occupational exposure limits for certain carcinogens are discussed also.

Rapid and Reliable Damage Proxy Map from InSAR Coherence

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yun, Sang-Ho; Fielding, Eric; Simons, Mark; Agram, Piyush; Rosen, Paul; Owen, Susan; Webb, Frank

2012-01-01

Future radar satellites will visit SoCal within a day after a disaster event. Data acquisition latency in 2015-2020 is 8 to approx. 15 hours. Data transfer latency that often involves human/agency intervention far exceeds the data acquisition latency. Need interagency cooperation to establish automatic pipeline for data transfer. The algorithm is tested with ALOS PALSAR data of Pasadena, California. Quantitative quality assessment is being pursued: Meeting with Pasadena City Hall computer engineers for a complete list of demolition/construction project 1. Estimate the probability of detection and probability of false alarm 2. Estimate the optimal threshold value.

Real-Time Symbol Extraction From Grey-Level Images

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Massen, R.; Simnacher, M.; Rosch, J.; Herre, E.; Wuhrer, H. W.

1988-04-01

A VME-bus image pipeline processor for extracting vectorized contours from grey-level images in real-time is presented. This 3 Giga operation per second processor uses large kernel convolvers and new non-linear neighbourhood processing algorithms to compute true 1-pixel wide and noise-free contours without thresholding even from grey-level images with quite varying edge sharpness. The local edge orientation is used as an additional cue to compute a list of vectors describing the closed and open contours in real-time and to dump a CAD-like symbolic image description into a symbol memory at pixel clock rate.