Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS-B): Psychometric Report for the 2-Year Data Collection. Methodology Report. NCES 2007-084

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Andreassen, Carol; Fletcher, Philip

2007-01-01

This methodology report documents the design, development, and psychometric characteristics of the assessment instruments used in the second wave of the ECLS-B. The assessment instruments discussed measure children's cognitive development (BSF-R), socioemotional functioning (Two Bags Task), security of attachment (TAS-45), and physical development…

Modeling Math Growth Trajectory--An Application of Conventional Growth Curve Model and Growth Mixture Model to ECLS K-5 Data

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lu, Yi

2016-01-01

To model students' math growth trajectory, three conventional growth curve models and three growth mixture models are applied to the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Kindergarten-Fifth grade (ECLS K-5) dataset in this study. The results of conventional growth curve model show gender differences on math IRT scores. When holding socio-economic…

The Relationship between Parental Involvement, Self-Regulated Learning, and Reading Achievement of Fifth Graders: A Path Analysis Using the ECLS-K Database

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Xu, Min; Kushner Benson, Susan N.; Mudrey-Camino, Renee; Steiner, Richard P.

2010-01-01

This study examined the relationship between parental involvement, self-regulated learning (SRL), and reading achievement through analyzing the fifth grade data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-1999 (ECLS-K). The results identified six dimensions of parental involvement that are likely to foster SRL of fifth…

Nonlinear Gompertz Curve Models of Achievement Gaps in Mathematics and Reading

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cameron, Claire E.; Grimm, Kevin J.; Steele, Joel S.; Castro-Schilo, Laura; Grissmer, David W.

2015-01-01

This study examined achievement trajectories in mathematics and reading from school entry through the end of middle school with linear and nonlinear growth curves in 2 large longitudinal data sets (National Longitudinal Study of Youth--Children and Young Adults and Early Childhood Longitudinal Study--Kindergarten Cohort [ECLS-K]). The S-shaped…

Resident Father-Child Involvement: Associations with Young Children's Social Development and Kindergarten Readiness in the ECLS-B

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meece, Darrell

2013-01-01

The current investigation examined continuity from 9-months to 4-years of age in father-child interaction in instrumental child care activities, as well as enrichment and play activities, using data collected from 8,450 children with residential fathers included in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS-B). Additionally, social…

Social and Emotional Characteristics and Early Childhood Mathematical and Literacy Giftedness: Observations From Parents and Childcare Providers Using the ECLS-B

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilson, Hope E.

2015-01-01

Research has demonstrated mixed results regarding differences in social and emotional characteristics between gifted and typical populations. The purpose of this secondary analysis of data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study: Birth Cohort (ECLS-B) is to investigate the affective characteristics of early mathematics and literacy ability…

A Longitudinal Study of Children's Social Behaviors and Their Causal Relationship to Reading Growth

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lim, Hyo Jin; Kim, Junyeop

2011-01-01

This paper aims at investigating the causal effects of social behaviors on subsequent reading growth in elementary school, using the "Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten" ("ECLS-K") data. The sample was 8,869 subjects who provided longitudinal measures of reading IRT scores from kindergarten (1998-1999) to fifth…

ECL-IAA and ECL-GADA Can Identify High-Risk Single Autoantibody-Positive Relatives in the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study.

PubMed

Steck, Andrea K; Fouts, Alexandra; Miao, Dongmei; Zhao, Zhiyuan; Dong, Fran; Sosenko, Jay; Gottlieb, Peter; Rewers, Marian J; Yu, Liping

2016-07-01

Relatives with single positive islet autoantibodies have a much lower risk of progression to diabetes than those with multiple autoantibodies. TrialNet subjects positive for single autoantibody to insulin (mIAA) (n = 50) or single autoantibody to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) (n = 50) were analyzed using new electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assays (ECL-IAA and ECL-GADA, respectively) at their initial visit and longitudinally over time. Affinity assays were performed on a subset of single autoantibody-positive subjects at initial and most recent visits. After a mean follow-up of 5.3 years, 20 subjects developed type 1 diabetes. Among either single GADA or single mIAA subjects, those who were positive in the ECL assay showed higher affinity at the initial visit, and affinity results stayed consistent over time. No converting events from low to high or high to low affinity were seen over time. Confirmed positivity for ECL is associated with high affinity and can help staging of risk for type 1 diabetes in single autoantibody-positive subjects.

ECL-IAA and ECL-GADA Can Identify High-Risk Single Autoantibody-Positive Relatives in the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study

PubMed Central

Fouts, Alexandra; Miao, Dongmei; Zhao, Zhiyuan; Dong, Fran; Sosenko, Jay; Gottlieb, Peter; Rewers, Marian J.

2016-01-01

Abstract Background: Relatives with single positive islet autoantibodies have a much lower risk of progression to diabetes than those with multiple autoantibodies. Materials and Methods: TrialNet subjects positive for single autoantibody to insulin (mIAA) (n = 50) or single autoantibody to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) (n = 50) were analyzed using new electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assays (ECL-IAA and ECL-GADA, respectively) at their initial visit and longitudinally over time. Affinity assays were performed on a subset of single autoantibody-positive subjects at initial and most recent visits. Results: After a mean follow-up of 5.3 years, 20 subjects developed type 1 diabetes. Among either single GADA or single mIAA subjects, those who were positive in the ECL assay showed higher affinity at the initial visit, and affinity results stayed consistent over time. No converting events from low to high or high to low affinity were seen over time. Conclusions: Confirmed positivity for ECL is associated with high affinity and can help staging of risk for type 1 diabetes in single autoantibody-positive subjects. PMID:26991969

Latino Parental Involvement in Kindergarten: Findings from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Durand, Tina M.

2011-01-01

Parental involvement in children's schooling is an important component of children's early school success. Few studies have examined this construct exclusively among Latino families. Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS-K), the present investigation (N = 2,051) explored relations between Latino parents' home and school…

The Relationships among Internalizing Symptomatology in Kindergarten and Later Self-Concept and Competence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Denny, Michelle Setser

2010-01-01

This study used a longitudinal sample of 9,160 children participating in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K) to: (a) describe characteristics of children who present with elevated internalizing symptomatology, (b) investigate stability of elevated internalizing status across early and middle childhood, and (c)…

An evaluation of intraoperative and postoperative outcomes of torsional mode versus longitudinal ultrasound mode phacoemulsification: a Meta-analysis.

PubMed

Leon, Pia; Umari, Ingrid; Mangogna, Alessandro; Zanei, Andrea; Tognetto, Daniele

2016-01-01

To evaluate and compare the intraoperative parameters and postoperative outcomes of torsional mode and longitudinal mode of phacoemulsification. Pertinent studies were identified by a computerized MEDLINE search from January 2002 to September 2013. The Meta-analysis is composed of two parts. In the first part the intraoperative parameters were considered: ultrasound time (UST) and cumulative dissipated energy (CDE). The intraoperative values were also distinctly considered for two categories (moderate and hard cataract group) depending on the nuclear opacity grade. In the second part of the study the postoperative outcomes as the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the endothelial cell loss (ECL) were taken in consideration. The UST and CDE values proved statistically significant in support of torsional mode for both moderate and hard cataract group. The analysis of BCVA did not present statistically significant difference between the two surgical modalities. The ECL count was statistically significant in support of torsional mode (P<0.001). The Meta-analysis shows the superiority of the torsional mode for intraoperative parameters (UST, CDE) and postoperative ECL outcomes.

An evaluation of intraoperative and postoperative outcomes of torsional mode versus longitudinal ultrasound mode phacoemulsification: a Meta-analysis

PubMed Central

Leon, Pia; Umari, Ingrid; Mangogna, Alessandro; Zanei, Andrea; Tognetto, Daniele

2016-01-01

AIM To evaluate and compare the intraoperative parameters and postoperative outcomes of torsional mode and longitudinal mode of phacoemulsification. METHODS Pertinent studies were identified by a computerized MEDLINE search from January 2002 to September 2013. The Meta-analysis is composed of two parts. In the first part the intraoperative parameters were considered: ultrasound time (UST) and cumulative dissipated energy (CDE). The intraoperative values were also distinctly considered for two categories (moderate and hard cataract group) depending on the nuclear opacity grade. In the second part of the study the postoperative outcomes as the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the endothelial cell loss (ECL) were taken in consideration. RESULTS The UST and CDE values proved statistically significant in support of torsional mode for both moderate and hard cataract group. The analysis of BCVA did not present statistically significant difference between the two surgical modalities. The ECL count was statistically significant in support of torsional mode (P<0.001). CONCLUSION The Meta-analysis shows the superiority of the torsional mode for intraoperative parameters (UST, CDE) and postoperative ECL outcomes. PMID:27366694

Findings from the First-Grade Rounds of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010-11 (ECLS-K:2011). First Look. NCES 2015-109

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mulligan, Gail M.; McCarroll, Jill Carlivati; Flanagan, Kristin Denton; Potter, Daniel

2014-01-01

This report is intended to provide a snapshot of the children in the ECLS-K:2011 cohort who were in kindergarten for the first time in the 2010-11 school year and advanced to first grade in the following year. Information is presented on selected child and family characteristics, such as poverty status and parental education (table 1), obtained…

Rural Disparities in Baseline Data of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study: A Chartbook

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grace, Cathy; Shores, Elizabeth F.; Zaslow, Martha; Brown, Brett; Aufseeser, Dena; Bell, Lynn

2006-01-01

This report shows the rural disparities in the baseline data of the Birth and Kindergarten Cohorts of the national Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS). The National Center for Rural Early Childhood Learning Initiatives, known as Rural Early Childhood, commissioned Child Trends to perform the analysis of key indicators of child well-being and…

Preliminary Rural Analysis of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study--Kindergarten Cohort. Rural Early Childhood Brief Number 2

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Center for Rural Early Childhood Learning Initiatives - Mississippi State University Early Childhood Institute, 2005

2005-01-01

This brief introduces the first results from a rural analysis of selected national datasets. Provided are key findings concerning kindergarten readiness of rural children from an analysis of the Kindergarten Cohort of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS). Future briefs will summarize the findings concerning the health of the Kindergarten…

Findings from the Fourth-Grade Round of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010-11 (ECLS-K:2011). First Look. NCES 2018-094

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mulligan, Gail M.; McCaroll, Jill Carlivati; Flanagan, Kristin Denton; Potter, Daniel

2018-01-01

This report is intended to provide a snapshot of the children in the ECLS-K:2011 cohort who were in kindergarten for the first time in the 2010-11 school year and in fourth grade 4 years later during the spring of 2015. About 88 percent of children enrolled in kindergarten in 2010-11 were in kindergarten for the first time that school year and…

Household Food Insecurity and Children's Behaviour Problems: New Evidence from a Trajectories-Based Study

PubMed Central

Huang, Jin; Vaughn, Michael G.

2016-01-01

This study examined the association between household food insecurity (insufficient access to adequate and nutritious food) and trajectories of externalising and internalising behaviour problems in children from kindergarten to fifth grade using longitudinal data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K), a nationally representative study in the USA. Household food insecurity was assessed using the eighteen-item standard food security scale, and children's behaviour problems were reported by teachers. Latent growth curve analysis was conducted on 7,348 children in the ECLS-K, separately for boys and girls. Following adjustment for an extensive array of confounding variables, results suggest that food insecurity generally was not associated with developmental change in children's behaviour problems. The impact of food insecurity on behaviour problems may be episodic or interact with certain developmental stages. PMID:27559210

Classroom Music Experiences of U.S. Elementary School Children: An Analysis of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study of 1998-1999

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miksza, Peter; Gault, Brent M.

2014-01-01

The primary purpose of this study was to describe the music experiences elementary school children in the United States receive in the academic classroom setting. The data were drawn from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study of the Kindergarten Class of 1998-1999 (ECLS-K), a nationally representative study that followed kindergarteners through…

Characteristics of the Single-Longitudinal-Mode Planar-Waveguide External Cavity Diode Laser at 1064 nm

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Numata, Kenji; Alalusi, Mazin; Stolpner, Lew; Margaritis, Georgios; Camp, Jordan B.; Krainak, Michael A.

2014-01-01

We describe the characteristics of the planar-waveguide external cavity diode laser (PW-ECL). To the best of our knowledge, it is the first butterfly-packaged 1064-nm semiconductor laser that is stable enough to be locked to an external frequency reference. We evaluated its performance from the viewpoint of precision experiments. Especially, using a hyperfine absorption line of iodine, we suppressed its frequency noise by a factor of up to104 at 10 mHz. The PW-ECLs compactness and low cost make it a candidate to replace traditional Nd:YAGnon-planar ring oscillators and fiber lasers in applications which require a single longitudinal-mode.

Parenting within Cultural Context: Comparisons between African-American and Asian-American Parents

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wu, Fang; Qi, Sen

2005-01-01

Using the sub-samples drawn from the National Early Childhood Longitudinal Study: Kindergarten (ECLS-K) database, this study examines similarities and differences between African-American and Asian-American parents in their parenting practice (i.e., parental involvement at home, expectations of child, emotional expressiveness, school involvement,…

Asian-American Parents: Are They Really Different?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wu, Fang; Qi, Sen

2004-01-01

Using the base year data of parent interviews (n=15,376) conducted by the U. S. Department of Education for the national Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS-K), this study examined patterns of parenting style of Asian-American parents (n=536) in six domains. Descriptive and ANOVA analyses revealed significant differences between…

76 FR 61347 - Notice of Submission for OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-04

... Sciences of the U.S. Department of Education, is a survey that focuses on children's early school... child assessments. Like its sister study, the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-99, the ECLS-K:2011 is exceptionally broad in its scope and coverage of child development, early...

Manipulative Use and Elementary School Students' Mathematics Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Uribe-Flórez, Lida J.; Wilkins, Jesse L. M.

2017-01-01

Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS) 1998/1999, we examine the relationship between elementary students' (K-5) manipulative use and mathematics learning. Using a cross-sectional correlational analysis, we found no relationship between manipulative use and student mathematics "achievement". However, using a…

Analyzing the Origins of Childhood Externalizing Behavioral Problems

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barnes, J. C.; Boutwell, Brian B.; Beaver, Kevin M.; Gibson, Chris L.

2013-01-01

Drawing on a sample of twin children from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS-B; Snow et al., 2009), the current study analyzed 2 of the most prominent predictors of externalizing behavioral problems (EBP) in children: (a) parental use of spankings and (b) childhood self-regulation. A variety of statistical techniques were…

Male Pregnancy Intendedness and Children's Mental Proficiency and Attachment Security during Toddlerhood

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bronte-Tinkew, Jacinta; Scott, Mindy E.; Horowitz, Allison

2009-01-01

Using a sample of biological resident fathers and their children from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Birth Cohort (ECLS-B) 9- and 24-month surveys (N = 5,300), this study examines associations and the direct and indirect pathways through which men's pregnancy intentions influence toddlers' mental proficiency and attachment security.…

Does Computer Use Promote the Mathematical Proficiency of ELL Students?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kim, Sunha; Chang, Mido

2010-01-01

The study explored the effects of computer use on the mathematical performance of students with special attention to ELL students. To achieve a high generalizability of findings, the study used a U.S. nationally representative database, the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K), and adopted proper weights. The study…

Young Children's Computer Skills Development from Kindergarten to Third Grade

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sackes, Mesut; Trundle, Kathy Cabe; Bell, Randy L.

2011-01-01

This investigation explores young children's computer skills development from kindergarten to third grade using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten (ECLS-K) dataset. The sample size of the study was 8642 children. Latent growth curve modeling analysis was used as an analytical tool to examine the development of children's computer…

Parental Influence, School Readiness and Early Academic Achievement of African American Boys

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Joe, Emanique M.; Davis, James Earl

2009-01-01

This study examined the relationship between parental influence and the school readiness of African American boys, using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study: ECLS-K, Parents' influence, via their academic beliefs and behaviors, was associated with the cognitive performance of African American boys during kindergarten. While previous…

76 FR 46280 - Notice of Proposed Information Collection Requests

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-02

... Institute of Education Sciences of the U.S. Department of Education, is a survey that focuses on children's..., as well as direct child assessments. Like its sister study, the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-99, the ECLS-K:2011 is exceptionally broad in its scope and coverage of child...

Family structure and child food insecurity.

PubMed

Miller, Daniel P; Nepomnyaschy, Lenna; Ibarra, Gabriel Lara; Garasky, Steven

2014-07-01

We examined whether food insecurity was different for children in cohabiting or repartnered families versus those in single-mother or married-parent (biological) families. We compared probabilities of child food insecurity (CFI) across different family structures in 4 national data sets: the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (ECLS-B), the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS), the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K), and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics-Child Development Supplement (PSID-CDS). Unadjusted probabilities of CFI in cohabiting or repartnered families were generally higher than in married-biological-parent families and often statistically indistinguishable from those of single-mother families. However, after adjustment for sociodemographic factors, most differences between family types were attenuated and most were no longer statistically significant. Although children whose biological parents are cohabiting or whose biological mothers have repartnered have risks for food insecurity comparable to those in single-mother families, the probability of CFI does not differ by family structure when household income, family size, and maternal race, ethnicity, education, and age were held at mean levels.

Computer Access and Computer Use for Science Performance of Racial and Linguistic Minority Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chang, Mido; Kim, Sunha

2009-01-01

This study examined the effects of computer access and computer use on the science achievement of elementary school students, with focused attention on the effects for racial and linguistic minority students. The study used the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS-K) database and conducted statistical analyses with proper weights and…

When Money Really Matters: Tying Resources of Specific Programmatic and Instructional Elements to Student Academic Growth

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goetz, Michael Eric

2012-01-01

This study explores the cost-effectiveness ratios associated with individual tutoring, intensive reading/language arts instruction, and a focus on core subject areas. Using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS-K) database, this study analyzes these programs using a three-level hierarchical linear model (HLM) with a nationally…

Impact of Preschool Education on Reading Achievement of Kindergarten through Fifth Grade Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clark, Melissa H.

2009-01-01

This study examines the impact of various types of preschool care and education on the reading achievement of children, kindergarten through fifth grade, who participated in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Class of 1998-99 (ECLS-K). The participants in this study are located throughout the United States of America. These…

Locus of control and peer relationships among Caucasian, Hispanic, Asian, and African American adolescents.

PubMed

Kang, Hannah Soo; Chang, Kyle Edward; Chen, Chuansheng; Greenberger, Ellen

2015-01-01

Past research has shown that locus of control plays an important role in a wide range of behaviors, such as academic achievement and positive social behaviors. However, little is known about whether locus of control plays the same role in minority adolescents' peer relationships. The current study examined ethnic differences in the associations between locus of control and peer relationships in early adolescence using samples from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS-K: 5,612 Caucasian, 1,562 Hispanic, 507 Asian, and 908 African-American adolescents) and the National Education Longitudinal Study (NELS: 8,484 Caucasian, 1,604 Hispanic, and 860 Asian, and 1,228 African American adolescents). Gender was approximately evenly split in both samples. The results from the two datasets were highly consistent. Significant interactions between ethnicity and locus of control indicated that having a more internal locus of control was particularly important for Caucasian students' peer relationships (ECLS-K) and social status (NELS), but less so for Asian, Hispanic, and African American students. Our findings suggest that the role of locus of control in peer relationship is contingent upon culture.

Income and Education as Predictors of Children's School Readiness. The Social Genome Project

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Isaacs, Julia; Magnuson, Katherine

2011-01-01

This study uses data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth (ECLS-B) Cohort to estimate associations between two important indicators of family socioeconomic status--family income and maternal education--and children's school readiness measured by academic skills, behavior, and physical health at school entry. We find large gaps in our…

Assessment Issues in the Testing of Children at School Entry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rock, Donald A.; Stenner, A. Jackson

2005-01-01

The authors introduce readers to the research documenting racial and ethnic gaps in school readiness. They describe the key tests, including the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT), the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS), and several intelligence tests, and describe how they have been administered to several important national samples of…

Exploring the Relationship between Student Approaches to Learning and Reading Achievement at the School Level

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Musu-Gillette, Lauren E.; Barofsky, Meryl Y.; List, Alexandra

2015-01-01

Using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Cohort of 1998 (ECLS-K, 98), a nationally representative sample of kindergarteners in the United States, we investigated the relationship between approaches to learning and spring reading achievement with particular emphasis on classroom and school-level differences. We employed…

Early Childhood Reading Skills and Proficiency in NAEP Eighth-Grade Reading Assessment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dogan, Enis; Ogut, Burhan; Kim, Young Yee

2015-01-01

The relationship between reading skills in earlier grades and achieving "Proficiency" on the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) grade 8 reading assessment was examined by establishing a statistical link between NAEP and the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS) grade 8 reading assessments using data from a common…

Non-Resident Father Involvement with Their Two-Year-Old Children: Findings from the ECLS-B

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meece, Darrell

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine correlates of non-residential father-child involvement with their children at age 2. This study utilized secondary analysis of data collected through the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study--Birth Cohort. Participants included 650 biological fathers who did not reside with their child at age 2. Significant…

Children's School Readiness in the ECLS-K: Predictions to Academic, Health, and Social Outcomes in First Grade

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hair, Elizabeth; Halle, Tamara; Terry-Humen, Elizabeth; Lavelle, Bridget; Calkins, Julia

2006-01-01

Two studies examine patterns of school readiness in children at school entry and how these patterns predict first-grade outcomes in a nationally representative sample of first-time kindergartners from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study--Kindergarten Class of 1998-1999 (N = 17,219). In Study 1, cluster analyses revealed four profiles at…

Multi-Grade Kindergarten Classrooms and Children's Academic Achievement, Executive Function, and Socio-Emotional Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ansari, Arya

2017-01-01

Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Kindergarten Class of 2010-2011 (ECLS-K: 2011; n = 11,000), this study examined the developmental outcomes of 5-year-old children in multi-grade classrooms (combined pre-kindergarten and kindergarten classrooms serving 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds) compared with 5-year-olds attending…

Middle Childhood Success and Economic Mobility. The Social Genome Project

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aber, J. Lawrence; Grannis, Kerry Searle; Owen, Stephanie; Sawhill, Isabel V.

2013-01-01

This study uses data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-1999 (ECLS-K) to analyze competencies that children need to master by the end of elementary school, the extent to which they are doing so, what might be done to improve their performance, and how this might affect their ultimate ability to earn a living…

Fine Motor Skills and Mathematics Achievement in East Asian American and European American Kindergartners and First Graders

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Luo, Zupei; Jose, Paul E.; Huntsinger, Carol S.; Pigott, Therese D.

2007-01-01

This study examined whether fine motor skills were related to the initial scores and growth rate of mathematics achievement in American kindergartners and first graders. Participants were 244 East Asian American and 9,816 European American children from the US-based Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS-K). To control sampling bias, two…

Stepping Back to Gain Perspective: Pregnancy Loss History, Depression, and Parenting Capacity in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS-B)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Price, Sarah Kye

2008-01-01

Previous empirical studies of pregnancy loss have predominantly focused on complex grief response and emergent problems associated with future parenting in self-selected samples of bereaved women. This article presents findings from a retrospective secondary data analysis conducted with a racially and ethnically diverse sample of currently…

School and Child Level Predictors of Academic Success for African American Children in Third Grade: Implications for No Child Left behind

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Graves, Scott

2011-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine correlates of being at expected grade level in reading in the third grade. Participants for this study were a nationally representative sample of African American children from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS-K). Multilevel modeling was conducted to determine significant predictors of academic…

Analyses of Children's Mathematics Proficiency from ECLS-K 1998 and 2010 Cohorts: Why Early Mathematics?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Joohi; Pant, Mohan D.

2017-01-01

This article presents the correlation analyses of mathematics item response theory scores from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998 and 2010 data, and proposes the critical need for systematic efforts to improve the quality of pre- and in-service teachers of young children in teaching mathematics.

Who Receives Speech/Language Services by 5 Years of Age in the United States?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morgan, Paul L.; Hammer, Carol Scheffner; Farkas, Geroge; Hillemeier, Marianne M.; Maczuga, Steve; Cook, Michael; Morano, Stephanie

2016-01-01

Purpose: We sought to identify factors predictive of or associated with receipt of speech/language services during early childhood. We did so by analyzing data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (ECLS-B; Andreassen & Fletcher, 2005), a nationally representative dataset maintained by the U.S. Department of Education. We…

Early Disparities in Mathematics Gains among Poor and Non-Poor Children: Examining the Role of Behavioral Engagement in Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robinson, Keith

2013-01-01

Multilevel modeling was used to investigate the relationship between poverty status, mathematics achievement gains, and behavioral engagement in learning over kindergarten. Data included information on 11,680 poor, low-income, and non-poor kindergartners from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort of 1998-1999 (ECLS-K). Results…

Special education and later academic achievement.

PubMed

Ehrhardt, Jennifer; Huntington, Noelle; Molino, Janine; Barbaresi, William

2013-02-01

To determine whether grade at entry to special education is associated with improved reading achievement in children with reading disorders (RD) and whether the effect of grade at entry to special education differs by socioeconomic status (SES). The authors conducted a secondary data analysis using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K), a nationally representative cohort of children followed longitudinally from kindergarten through eighth grade (1998-2007). Using data from the fifth grade wave of ECLS-K, the authors identified children with RD (n = 290). The outcome of interest was change in score on the reading achievement test, which was developed by ECLS-K staff, between first and fifth grade. Using multiple linear regression, the authors modeled outcome as a function of a child's grade at entry to special education, controlling for several covariates. Early entry to special education (by first grade vs second or third grade) was associated with larger gains in reading achievement between first and fifth grade (p < .0001). Children who entered special education by first grade versus second grade gained 4.5 more points on the reading achievement test (p < .0001). Children who entered special education by first grade versus third grade gained 1.7 more points on the reading achievement test (p < .0001). There was no difference in the magnitude of gains associated with early entry to special education between children from families of low and higher SES. For children with RD, early entry to special education is associated with improved reading achievement during elementary school.

Changes in the Black-White Test score Gap in the Elementary School Grades. CSE Report 715

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Koretz, Daniel; Kim, Young-Suk

2007-01-01

In a pair of recent studies, Fryer and Levitt (2004a, 2004b) analyzed the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study--Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K) to explore the characteristics of the Black-White test score gap in young children. They found that the gap grew markedly between kindergarten and the third grade and that they could predict the gap from…

The developmental origins of externalizing behavioral problems: parental disengagement and the role of gene-environment interplay.

PubMed

Boutwell, Brian B; Beaver, Kevin M; Barnes, James C; Vaske, Jamie

2012-05-30

A line of research has revealed that the influence of genes on behavioral development is closely tied to environmental experiences. Known as gene-environment interaction, research in this area is beginning to reveal that variation in parenting behaviors may moderate genetic influences on antisocial behaviors in children. Despite growing interest in gene-environment interaction research, little evidence exists concerning the role of maternal disengagement in the conditioning of genetic influences on childhood behavioral problems. The current study is intended to address this gap in the literature by analyzing a sample of twin pairs drawn from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS-B). Analysis of the ECLS-B provided evidence that maternal disengagement moderates genetic influences on the development of externalizing problems. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Dynamics of the Evolution of the Black-White Test Score Gap

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sohn, Kitae

2012-01-01

We apply a quantile version of the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition to estimate the counterfactual distribution of the test scores of Black students. In the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-1999 (ECLS-K), we find that the gap initially appears only at the top of the distribution of test scores. As children age, however,…

Parental Practices and Achievement of Mexican and Chinese Immigrant Children in the USA: Assimilation Patterns?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bodovski, Katerina; Durham, Rachel E.

2010-01-01

The authors used the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-99 (ECLS-K) data to examine the mathematics and science achievement of two immigrant groups in the United States--Chinese and Mexican students. The authors also assessed variation in parental practices and fifth-grade achievement according to ethnicity and the age…

The Use of Electrochemiluminescence Assays to Predict Autoantibody and Glycemic Progression Toward Type 1 Diabetes in Individuals with Single Autoantibodies.

PubMed

Sosenko, Jay M; Yu, Liping; Skyler, Jay S; Krischer, Jeffrey P; Gottlieb, Peter A; Boulware, David; Miao, Dongmei; Palmer, Jerry P; Steck, Andrea K

2017-03-01

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assays have shown promise for enhancing the prediction of type 1 diabetes (T1D) with autoantibodies. We thus studied relatives of T1D patients to determine whether ECL assays can be used to refine risk assessments for T1D among individuals either positive for single GADA or single mIAA autoantibodies. TrialNet Pathway to Prevention (PTP) study participants with either GADA or mIAA single autoantibodies were tested for ECL positivity during their participation in the TrialNet PTP study. Those ECL positive (ECL + ) were compared with those ECL negative (ECL - ) for conversion to multiple autoantibodies, 6-month glycemic progression (PS6M), and the progression to T1D. The progression to multiple autoantibodies was significantly higher for those GADA/ECL + (n = 107) than those GADA/ECL - (n = 78) (P = 0.001) and for those mIAA/ECL + (n = 24) than those mIAA/ECL - (n = 63) (P < 0.001). The hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals were 3.42 (1.58-7.39; P < 0.01) for GADA and 8.15 (3.02-22.00; P < 0.001) for mIAA. GADA/ECL + and mIAA/ECL + participants had significantly higher PS6M values than their ECL - counterparts (P = 0.001 for GADA and P = 0.009 for mIAA). Of those GADA/ECL + , 14% progressed to T1D; of those mIAA/ECL + , 17% progressed to T1D. Only 1 individual (positive for GADA) of the 141 who was ECL - progressed to T1D (median follow-up: 5 years). ECL measurements appear to have utility for natural history studies and prevention trials of individuals with single autoantibodies. Those ECL + are at appreciable risk for developing multiple autoantibodies and for glycemic progression toward T1D, whereas those ECL - are at very low risk.

Connections, Paths, and Explanations--A Social Network Approach to Investigating Experiences of Early Childhood Special Education with the ECLS-K

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Akers, Kathryn Shirley

2011-01-01

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate a practical application of social network analysis in the field of education using a large-scale data source. Using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Base Year data, a network is identified by examining the connections that occur between supports, both inside and outside formal special education resources…

The Relations among School Status Variables, Teacher Academic and Arts Curricular Emphases, and Student Academic Achievement in Grades 1, 3, and 5

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Neddeau, Browning

2013-01-01

The National Center of Education Statistics' Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-1999 (ECLS-K) data were used to explore the curricular emphasis in schools of varying socioeconomic status in both public and private schools. Data collected between 1998 and 2003 were used in the secondary analyses of curricular emphasis in…

Disparities in Early Learning and Development:Lessons from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study--Birth Cohort (ECLS-B)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Halle, Tamara; Forry, Nicole; Hair, Elizabeth; Perper, Kate; Wandner, Laura; Wessel, Julia; Vick, Jessica

2009-01-01

Education and business leaders as well as the public at large have grown increasingly concerned about the achievement disparities that children from at-risk backgrounds manifest at a young age. Early childhood initiatives that take into account the entire preschool period of 0 to 5 years need a better understanding of the disparities which may be…

Ethnic disparities in childhood BMI trajectories and obesity and potential causes among 29,250 US children: Findings from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth and Kindergarten Cohorts.

PubMed

Min, Jungwon; Wen, Xiaozhong; Xue, Hong; Wang, Youfa

2018-06-15

Study sex- and ethnic-specific childhood BMI growth trajectories of US children, and explore the potential causes of ethnic disparities in childhood BMI trajectories, including household socio-economic status (SES) and parenting practice using nationally representative longitudinal data. BMI trajectory curves between 7 months to 16 years of age were fitted using mixed effect models with fractional polynomial functions using pooled 10-year (1998-2008) longitudinal data collected from 29,254 children from two US nationally representative cohorts-Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth (ECLS-B, 2001) and Kindergarten (ECLS-K, 1998-99). A multivariable regression model was used to examine the effects of SES and parenting factors on ethnic disparities in childhood BMI trajectory. Hispanic boys (HB) and African-American girls (AAG) continuously had the highest prevalence of overweight and obesity (HB: 52.5%, AAG: 49.1% around age of 11) and mean BMI after adiposity rebound than their counterparts. They had the earliest adiposity rebound (age mean [SD]: HB- 57.9 [7.8]; AAG- 59.0 [7.2] months), steeper BMI growth velocity (HB- 5.7 [1.8]; AAG- 7.0 [1.5] 10 -2  kg/m 2 /month), and highest area under curve (HB- 2724.5 [489.8]; AAG- 2681.2 [426.7] kg/m 2 *month) from adiposity rebound to 16 years of age. The racial/ethnic disparities in childhood BMI trajectories were associated with household SES and family rules for children's regular bedtime (p < 0.05). In the US, ethnic disparities in childhood BMI trajectories and obesity are apparent starting from adiposity rebound around age of five. Some minority groups have unfavorable BMI trajectories. These disparities are partially explained by household SES and parenting factors.

Growing Readers: A Hierarchical Linear Model of Children's Reading Growth During the First 2 Years of School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCoach, D. Betsy; O'Connell, Ann A.; Reis, Sally M.; Levitt, Heather A.

2006-01-01

Using the first 4 waves of data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten cohort (ECLS-K), this piecewise 3-level (time-student-school) growth-curve model provides a portrait of students' reading growth over the first 2 years of school. On average, students make much greater reading gains in 1st grade than they do in kindergarten.…

Growing up in Poverty and Civic Engagement: The Role of Kindergarten Executive Function and Play Predicting Participation in 8th Grade Extracurricular Activities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Astuto, Jennifer; Ruck, Martin

2017-01-01

In the United States a "civic engagement gap" persists between low-income youth and their higher-income counterparts. To examine the developmental origins of civic engagement in a sample of U.S. children growing up in poverty, a conceptual model was tested employing the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Class (ECLS-K)…

Moderating effects of executive functions and the teacher-child relationship on the development of mathematics ability in kindergarten.

PubMed

Blair, Clancy; McKinnon, Rachel D

2016-02-01

Academic preparedness, executive function abilities, and positive relationships with teachers have each been shown to be uniquely important for school readiness and success in the early elementary grades. Few studies, however, have examined the joint influence of these readiness variables on early school outcomes. Using data from a prospective longitudinal sample of 1292 children and families in predominantly low-income and rural communities, we found that executive function at child age 48 months and a higher quality relationship with the kindergarten teacher each uniquely moderated the effect of math ability in preschool on math ability at the end of kindergarten. This effect was seen for math ability as measured by the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten (ECLS-K) mathematics assessment battery but not the Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Achievement Applied Problems subtest. For children with lower math ability in preschool as assessed by the ECLS-K Math battery, higher executive function abilities and a more positive relationship with the kindergarten teacher were each associated with a higher than expected level of math ability in kindergarten. Conversely, lowest levels of math ability in kindergarten were observed among children with low math ability in preschool and poor executive function or a less positive relationship with the kindergarten teacher.

Moderating effects of executive functions and the teacher–child relationship on the development of mathematics ability in kindergarten

PubMed Central

Blair, Clancy; McKinnon, Rachel D.

2017-01-01

Academic preparedness, executive function abilities, and positive relationships with teachers have each been shown to be uniquely important for school readiness and success in the early elementary grades. Few studies, however, have examined the joint influence of these readiness variables on early school outcomes. Using data from a prospective longitudinal sample of 1292 children and families in predominantly low-income and rural communities, we found that executive function at child age 48 months and a higher quality relationship with the kindergarten teacher each uniquely moderated the effect of math ability in preschool on math ability at the end of kindergarten. This effect was seen for math ability as measured by the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten (ECLS-K) mathematics assessment battery but not the Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Achievement Applied Problems subtest. For children with lower math ability in preschool as assessed by the ECLS-K Math battery, higher executive function abilities and a more positive relationship with the kindergarten teacher were each associated with a higher than expected level of math ability in kindergarten. Conversely, lowest levels of math ability in kindergarten were observed among children with low math ability in preschool and poor executive function or a less positive relationship with the kindergarten teacher. PMID:28154471

Foundations of Mathematics Achievement: Instructional Practices and Diverse Kindergarten Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bottia, Martha Cecilia; Moller, Stephanie; Mickelson, Roslyn Arlin; Stearns, Elizabeth

2014-01-01

Analyzing Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey--Kindergarten (ECLS-K) data, we examine how exposure to instructional practices influences math test scores at the end of kindergarten for children from different racial/ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds, and for children with different levels of math skills at kindergarten entry. We also analyze…

The Hispanic-Asian Achievement Gap in Elementary School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martinez, Lina Maria

2012-01-01

There is little research of Hispanic and Asian children's educational outcomes; in particular, the achievement gap between these two racial/ethnic groups has not been fully explored. The objective of this investigation is to analyze the Hispanic-Asian achievement gap in elementary school using the ECLS-K, a longitudinal nationally representative…

Design and Application of Multi-functional Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Imaging Analyzer.

PubMed

Jiang, Guangfu; Liu, Xia; Wang, Yaqin; Ruan, Sanpeng; Qi, Honglan; Yang, Yong; Zhou, Qishe; Zhang, Chengxiao

2016-01-01

A multi-functional eletrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) imaging analyzer including both a photomultiplier tube and charged coupled device as detectors has been developed. The ECL imaging analyzer can effectively work for electrochemical study, ECL intensity detection at electrode array, and ECL imaging at bipolar electrodes or electrode array. As an ECL imaging example, an ECL biosensor for visual detection of matrix metalloproteinase 7 in the range from 0.05 to 1 ng/mL is demonstrated.

Hyperkalemia of the blood-primed ECLS circuit does not result in post-initiation hyperkalemia in infants < 10 kg.

PubMed

Fleming, Geoffrey M; Remenapp, Robert T; Bartlett, Robert H; Annich, Gail M

2006-05-01

To assess the risk of hyperkalemia with blood-primed extracorporeal life support (ECLS) circuits in infants < 10 kg. Retrospective cohort study of all neonatal and pediatric patients < 10 kg placed on ECLS from May 1998 to April 2001. Data collection including patient weight, patient potassium levels pre- and post-initiation of ECLS, potassium level of the primed ECLS circuit, age of the packed red blood cell (PRBC) unit, type of preservative, and preservative reduction status. Seventy-six circuits were available for the analysis. The age of the PRBC unit and preservative reduction status significantly affected the potassium level of the primed ECLS circuit. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed no significant effect on the post-ECLS initiation patient potassium level with respect to the PRBC age, the preservative reduction status, the patient potassium level prior to ECLS initiation, and the potassium level of the primed ECLS circuit. Initiation of ECLS in infants < 10 kg should not be delayed unnecessarily to perform preservative reduction or to utilize PRBC units of a specific age, as hyperkalemia of the primed ECLS circuit is not associated with systemic hyperkalemia in the patient post-initiation of ECLS.

The Use of Electrochemiluminescence Assays to Predict Autoantibody and Glycemic Progression Toward Type 1 Diabetes in Individuals with Single Autoantibodies

PubMed Central

Yu, Liping; Skyler, Jay S.; Krischer, Jeffrey P.; Gottlieb, Peter A.; Boulware, David; Miao, Dongmei; Palmer, Jerry P.; Steck, Andrea K.

2017-01-01

Abstract Background: Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assays have shown promise for enhancing the prediction of type 1 diabetes (T1D) with autoantibodies. We thus studied relatives of T1D patients to determine whether ECL assays can be used to refine risk assessments for T1D among individuals either positive for single GADA or single mIAA autoantibodies. Subjects and Methods: TrialNet Pathway to Prevention (PTP) study participants with either GADA or mIAA single autoantibodies were tested for ECL positivity during their participation in the TrialNet PTP study. Those ECL positive (ECL+) were compared with those ECL negative (ECL−) for conversion to multiple autoantibodies, 6-month glycemic progression (PS6M), and the progression to T1D. Results: The progression to multiple autoantibodies was significantly higher for those GADA/ECL+ (n = 107) than those GADA/ECL− (n = 78) (P = 0.001) and for those mIAA/ECL+ (n = 24) than those mIAA/ECL− (n = 63) (P < 0.001). The hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals were 3.42 (1.58–7.39; P < 0.01) for GADA and 8.15 (3.02–22.00; P < 0.001) for mIAA. GADA/ECL+ and mIAA/ECL+ participants had significantly higher PS6M values than their ECL− counterparts (P = 0.001 for GADA and P = 0.009 for mIAA). Of those GADA/ECL+, 14% progressed to T1D; of those mIAA/ECL+, 17% progressed to T1D. Only 1 individual (positive for GADA) of the 141 who was ECL− progressed to T1D (median follow-up: 5 years). Conclusion: ECL measurements appear to have utility for natural history studies and prevention trials of individuals with single autoantibodies. Those ECL+ are at appreciable risk for developing multiple autoantibodies and for glycemic progression toward T1D, whereas those ECL− are at very low risk. PMID:28177779

Using large-scale diagnostic quantities to investigate change in East Coast Lows

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ji, Fei; Evans, Jason P.; Argueso, Daniel; Fita, Lluis; Di Luca, Alejandro

2015-11-01

East Coast Lows (ECLs) are intense low-pressure systems that affect the eastern seaboard of Australia. They have attracted research interest for both their destructive nature and water supplying capability. Estimating the changes in ECLs in the future has a major impact on emergency response as well as water management strategies for the coastal communities on the east coast of Australia. In this study, ECLs were identified using two large-scale diagnostic quantities: isentropic potential vorticity (IPV) and geostrophic vorticity (GV), which were calculated from outputs of historical and future regional climate simulations from the NSW/ACT regional climate modelling (NARCliM) project. The diagnostic results for the historical period were evaluated against a subjective ECL event database. Future simulations using a high emission scenario were examined to estimate changes in frequency, duration, and intensity of ECLs. The use of a relatively high resolution regional climate model makes this the first study to examine future changes in ECLs while resolving the full range of ECL sizes which can be as small as 100-200 km in diameter. The results indicate that it is likely that there will be fewer ECLs, with weaker intensity in the future. There could also be a seasonal shift in ECLs from cool months to warm months. These changes have the potential to significantly impact the water security on the east coast of Australia.

The impact of wealth on the cognitive development of children who were preterm infants.

PubMed

Braid, Susan; Donohue, Pamela K; Strobino, Donna M

2012-08-01

: The purpose of this study was to explore the influence wealth has on cognitive development in 2-year-old children who were born preterm, and to determine whether racial/ethnic differences in wealth explained disparities in cognitive development. : A nationally representative sample of 1400 children who were born between 22 and 36 weeks' gestation. : Cohort study. : Secondary data analysis of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey-Birth Cohort (ECLS-B). The ECLS-B was a prospective national longitudinal study of infants born in the United States during the calendar year 2001 drawn from birth certificates in the United States. : The impact wealth (parental homeownership and investments) had on cognitive development at 2 years and whether wealth eliminated the cognitive disparity seen between white, African American, and Hispanic children. : Wealth (homeownership and investments) did not have an independent effect on cognitive development, but it did eliminate the disparity between white children and African American children (P ≥ .05). However, wealth did not eliminate the disparity in cognitive development between white children and Hispanic children. Hispanic children scored 3.91 points lower than white children (P ≤ .001). : In contrast to other follow-up studies showing persistent differences in cognitive development between white children and African American children, this study found that wealth indicators attenuated the difference. Wealth may be a more accurate proxy for socioeconomic status in studying factors influencing cognitive outcomes in children born preterm than just using measures such as maternal education and income. In future follow-up studies of multiracial preterm children, indicators that represent wealth should be included for an accurate representation of social economic status.

Pediatric Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry International Report 2016.

PubMed

Barbaro, Ryan P; Paden, Matthew L; Guner, Yigit S; Raman, Lakshmi; Ryerson, Lindsay M; Alexander, Peta; Nasr, Viviane G; Bembea, Melania M; Rycus, Peter T; Thiagarajan, Ravi R

The purpose of this report is to describe the international growth, outcomes, complications, and technology used in pediatric extracorporeal life support (ECLS) from 2009 to 2015 as reported by participating centers in the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO). To date, there are 59,969 children who have received ECLS in the ELSO Registry; among those, 21,907 received ECLS since 2009 with an overall survival to hospital discharge rate of 61%. In 2009, 2,409 ECLS cases were performed at 157 centers. By 2015, that number grew to 2,992 cases in 227 centers, reflecting a 24% increase in patients and 55% growth in centers. ECLS delivered to neonates (0-28 days) for respiratory support was the largest subcategory of ECLS among children <18-years old. Overall, 48% of ECLS was delivered for respiratory support and 52% was for cardiac support or extracorporeal life support to support cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR). During the study period, over half of children were supported on ECLS with centrifugal pumps (51%) and polymethylpentene oxygenators (52%). Adverse events including neurologic events were common during ECLS, a fact that underscores the opportunity and need to promote quality improvement work.

Electrochemistry and electrochemiluminescence from a redox-active metal-organic framework.

PubMed

Xu, Yang; Yin, Xue-Bo; He, Xi-Wen; Zhang, Yu-Kui

2015-06-15

The marriage of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) can combine their merits together. Designing ECL-active MOF with a high electron transfer capacity and high stability is critical for ECL emission. Here we reported the ECL from a redox-active MOF prepared from {Ru[4,4'-(HO2C)2-bpy]2bpy}(2+) and Zn(2+); a property of MOFs has not been reported previously. The MOF structure is independent of its charge and is therefore stable electrochemically. The redox-activity and well-ordered porous structure of the MOF were confirmed by its electrochemical properties and ECL emission. The high ECL emission indicated the ease of electron transfer between the MOF and co-reactants. Furthermore, the MOF exhibited permselectivity, charge selectivity, and catalytic selectivity along with a stable and concentration-dependent ECL emission toward co-reactants. ECL mechanism was proposed based on the results. The detection and recovery of cocaine in the serum sample was used to validate the feasibility of MOF- based ECL system. The information obtained in this study provides a better understanding of the redox properties of MOFs and their potential electrochemical applications. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Extension of chronological lifespan by ScEcl1 depends on mitochondria in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

PubMed

Azuma, Kenko; Ohtsuka, Hokuto; Murakami, Hiroshi; Aiba, Hirofumi

2012-01-01

Ecl1, a product of the YGR146C gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was identified as a factor involved in chronological lifespan. In this study we found evidence that the function of Ecl1 in the extension of chronological lifespan is dependent on mitochondrial function. The respiratory activity of cells increased when Ecl1 was overexpressed or cells were grown under calorie restriction, but there was no additive effect of calorie restriction and Ecl1 overexpression on increases in respiratory activity or on the extension of chronological lifespan. Based on these results, we propose that overexpression of Ecl1 has same effect as caloric restriction and that its function also depends on mitochondria, just like caloric restriction.

From Efficacy Trial to Large Scale Effectiveness Trial: A Tier 2 Mathematics Intervention for First Graders with Difficulties in Mathematics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rolfhus, Eric; Clarke, Ben; Decker, Lauren E.; Williams, Chuck; Dimino, Joseph

2013-01-01

Large scale longitudinal research (Morgan, Farkas, & Wu, 2009) and a meta-analysis (Duncan et al., 2007) have found that early mathematics achievement is a strong predictor of later mathematics achievement. In fact, end of Kindergarten and end of grade 1 mathematics achievement on ECLS-K and similar mathematics proficiency measures tends to be…

Electrochemiluminescence Assays for Insulin and Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoantibodies Improve Prediction of Type 1 Diabetes Risk

PubMed Central

Miao, Dongmei; Steck, Andrea K.; Zhang, Li; Guyer, K. Michelle; Jiang, Ling; Armstrong, Taylor; Muller, Sarah M.; Krischer, Jeffrey; Rewers, Marian

2015-01-01

Abstract We recently developed new electrochemiluminescence (ECL) insulin autoantibody (IAA) and glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 autoantibody (GADA) assays that discriminate high-affinity, high-risk diabetes-specific autoantibodies from low-affinity, low-risk islet autoantibodies (iAbs) detected by radioassay (RAD). Here, we report a further validation of the ECL-IAA and -GADA assays in 3,484 TrialNet study participants. The ECL assay and RAD were congruent in those with prediabetes and in subjects with multiple autoantibodies, but only 24% (P<0.0001) of single RAD-IAA-positive and 46% (P<0.0001) of single RAD-GADA-positive were confirmed by the ECL-IAA and -GADA assays, respectively. During a follow-up (mean, 2.4 years), 51% of RAD-IAA-positive and 63% of RAD-GADA-positive subjects not confirmed by ECL became iAb negative, compared with only 17% of RAD-IAA-positive (P<0.0001) and 15% of RAD-GADA-positive (P<0.0001) subjects confirmed by ECL assays. Among subjects with multiple iAbs, diabetes-free survival was significantly shorter if IAA or GADA was positive by ECL and negative by RAD than if IAA or GADA was negative by ECL and positive by RAD (P<0.019 and P<0.0001, respectively). Both positive and negative predictive values in terms of progression to type 1 diabetes mellitus were superior for ECL-IAA and ECL-GADA, compared with RADs. The prevalence of the high-risk human leukocyte antigen-DR3/4, DQB1*0302 genotype was significantly higher in subjects with RAD-IAA or RAD-GADA confirmed by ECL. In conclusion, both ECL-IAA and -GADA are more disease-specific and better able to predict the risk of progression to type 1 diabetes mellitus than the current standard RADs. PMID:25562486

Electrochemiluminescence assays for insulin and glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies improve prediction of type 1 diabetes risk.

PubMed

Miao, Dongmei; Steck, Andrea K; Zhang, Li; Guyer, K Michelle; Jiang, Ling; Armstrong, Taylor; Muller, Sarah M; Krischer, Jeffrey; Rewers, Marian; Yu, Liping

2015-02-01

We recently developed new electrochemiluminescence (ECL) insulin autoantibody (IAA) and glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 autoantibody (GADA) assays that discriminate high-affinity, high-risk diabetes-specific autoantibodies from low-affinity, low-risk islet autoantibodies (iAbs) detected by radioassay (RAD). Here, we report a further validation of the ECL-IAA and -GADA assays in 3,484 TrialNet study participants. The ECL assay and RAD were congruent in those with prediabetes and in subjects with multiple autoantibodies, but only 24% (P<0.0001) of single RAD-IAA-positive and 46% (P<0.0001) of single RAD-GADA-positive were confirmed by the ECL-IAA and -GADA assays, respectively. During a follow-up (mean, 2.4 years), 51% of RAD-IAA-positive and 63% of RAD-GADA-positive subjects not confirmed by ECL became iAb negative, compared with only 17% of RAD-IAA-positive (P<0.0001) and 15% of RAD-GADA-positive (P<0.0001) subjects confirmed by ECL assays. Among subjects with multiple iAbs, diabetes-free survival was significantly shorter if IAA or GADA was positive by ECL and negative by RAD than if IAA or GADA was negative by ECL and positive by RAD (P<0.019 and P<0.0001, respectively). Both positive and negative predictive values in terms of progression to type 1 diabetes mellitus were superior for ECL-IAA and ECL-GADA, compared with RADs. The prevalence of the high-risk human leukocyte antigen-DR3/4, DQB1*0302 genotype was significantly higher in subjects with RAD-IAA or RAD-GADA confirmed by ECL. In conclusion, both ECL-IAA and -GADA are more disease-specific and better able to predict the risk of progression to type 1 diabetes mellitus than the current standard RADs.

Physical growth and cognitive skills in early-life: evidence from a nationally representative US birth cohort.

PubMed

Murasko, Jason E

2013-11-01

This paper establishes associations between length/height and cognitive skills in infancy, toddlerhood, and school-entry. The data come from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study--Birth Cohort (ECLS-B), a representative longitudinal sample of US children born in 2001. A positive association between length/height and cognition is found as early as 9 months and continues through school-entry. These associations are robust to controls for birthweight and economic status. Early growth is also shown to be a stronger predictor of reading and math skills in kindergarten than attained height. Girls exhibit stronger evidence of this latter result than boys. These findings have implications for the interpretation of early life as a critical period for the growth-cognition relationship. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Impact of dynamic changes of elevated bilirubin on survival in patients on veno-arterial extracorporeal life support for acute circulatory failure.

PubMed

Freundt, Miriam; Lunz, Dirk; Philipp, Alois; Panholzer, Bernd; Lubnow, Matthias; Friedrich, Christine; Rupprecht, Leopold; Hirt, Stephan; Haneya, Assad

2017-01-01

Veno-arterial extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is an established method to stabilize acute circulatory failure. Parameters and data on when to ideally wean circulatory support are limited. Bilirubin is a marker of end-organ damage. Therefore, the purpose of this large study was to evaluate the impact of dynamic changes of elevated bilirubin levels on survival in patients on ECLS. We reviewed 502 consecutive cases of ECLS from 2007 to 2015. Bilirubin levels were recorded before implantation and until six days after explantation. Dynamic bilirubin changes, and hemodynamic and laboratory outcome parameters were compared in survivors and nonsurvivors. Reason for ECLS implantation was cardiac arrest with ongoing resuscitation in 230 (45.8%), low cardiac output in 174 (34.7%) and inability to wean off cardiopulmonary bypass in 98 (19.5%) patients. 307 (61.2%) patients were weaned off ECLS, however, 206 (41.0%) survived. Mean duration of ECLS was 3 (2-6) days, and survivors received significantly longer ECLS (5 vs 3 days, p < 0.001). Survivors had significantly lower baseline bilirubin levels (p = 0.003). Bilirubin started to rise from day 2 in all patients. In survivors, bilirubin levels had trended down on the day of ECLS explantation and stayed at an acceptable level. However, in weaned patients who did not survive and patients who died on ECLS bilirubin levels continued to rise during the recorded period. ECLS support improves survival in patients with acute circulatory failure. Down trending bilirubin levels on veno-arterial ECLS indicate improved chances of successful weaning and survival in hemodynamically stable patients.

An electrochemiluminescent DNA sensor based on nano-gold enhancement and ferrocene quenching.

PubMed

Yao, Wu; Wang, Lun; Wang, Haiyan; Zhang, Xiaolei; Li, Ling; Zhang, Na; Pan, Le; Xing, Nannan

2013-02-15

An electrochemiluminescent DNA (ECL-DNA) sensor based on nano-gold signal enhancement (i.e. gold nanoparticles, GNP) and ferrocene signal quenching was investigated. The Au electrode was first modified with GNPs through electrodeposition method, followed by subsequent immobilization of single-stranded probe DNA labeled with ruthenium complex. The resulting sensor produced a higher ECL signal due to its higher density of self-assembled probe DNAs on the surface. Upon the hybridization of probe DNA with complementary target DNA labeled with ferrocene, ECL intensity decreased significantly due to spatial separation of ECL label from the electrode surface. As a result, the ECL signal was simultaneously quenched by ferrocene. The effects of both nano-gold electrodeposition time and ferrocene on the performance of ECL-DNA sensor were studied in detail and possible reasons for these effects were suggested as well. The reported ECL-DNA sensor showed great sensitivity and may provide an alternative approach for DNA detection in diagnostics and gene analysis. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Conceptions of Early Childhood Leadership: Driving New Professionalism?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sims, Margaret; Forrest, Rhonda; Semann, Anthony; Slattery, Colin

2015-01-01

This study reports the understandings of leadership held by 351 Victorian early childhood leaders (ECLs). Internationally, ECLs are expected to drive quality improvement through mentoring and modelling: a concept associated with distributive leadership. However, ECLs often move into leadership positions by accident and are ill-prepared for their…

Does the Sale of Sweetened Beverages at School Affect Children’s Weight?

PubMed Central

Cunningham, Solveig A.; Zavodny, Madeline

2011-01-01

In response to the increase in children’s weight in recent decades, many states, school districts, and schools in the United States have limited or eliminated the sale of sweetened beverages at school. These policies are promoted for their potential to reduce childhood overweight and obesity, but their effectiveness has not been evaluated. Using a large nationally representative longitudinal dataset, the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten (ECLS-K), this study explores the relationship between children’s access to sweetened beverages at school in 5th and 8th grade, their purchases and total consumption of these beverages, and their weight. We find almost no evidence that availability of sweetened beverages for sale at school leads to heavier weight or greater risk of overweight or obesity among children. We also find limited evidence that availability of sweetened beverages for sale at school leads to higher total consumption of these beverages. PMID:21907477

Does the sale of sweetened beverages at school affect children's weight?

PubMed

Cunningham, Solveig A; Zavodny, Madeline

2011-11-01

In response to the increase in children's weight in recent decades, many states, school districts, and schools in the United States have limited or eliminated the sale of sweetened beverages at school. These policies are promoted for their potential to reduce childhood overweight and obesity, but their effectiveness has not been evaluated. Using a large nationally representative longitudinal dataset, the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten (ECLS-K), this study explores the relationship between children's access to sweetened beverages at school in 5th and 8th grade, their purchases and total consumption of these beverages, and their weight. We find almost no evidence that availability of sweetened beverages for sale at school leads to heavier weight or greater risk of overweight or obesity among children. We also find limited evidence that availability of sweetened beverages for sale at school leads to higher total consumption of these beverages. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Pre-service Teacher Extraneous Cognitive Load in the Pedagogical Content and Knowledge of Solar System Course

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Permana, I.; Redjeki, S.; Hamidah, I.; Safitri, N.

2017-09-01

This study reported the student’s Extraneous Cognitive Load (ECL) in the Pedagogical Content and Knowledge of solar system Course. Participants in the study were 31 pre-service elementary school teachers from the university in Bogor Indonesia. The data collected from ECL were obtained using a Likert 4-scale questionnaire and interview. After taking lectures, we asked for some mental effort from pre-service elementary school teachers to attend courses in order to assess the ECL. The courses include 3 topics and they were non-experimental worksheet, developing experimental worksheet using Vee Diagram framework, and analysis for curriculum by grade IV, V and VI. Results of the data analysis showed that the course strategy resulted by ECL was relatively low. The ECL increased in the course of curriculum analysis due to material complexity.

Characteristics of the Single-Longitudinal-Mode Planar-Waveguide External Cavity Diode Laser at 1064 nm

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Numata, Kenji; Alalusi, Mazin; Stolpner, Lew; Margaritis, Georgios; Camp, Jordan; Krainak, Michael

2014-01-01

We describe the characteristics of the planar-waveguide external cavity diode laser (PW-ECL). To the best of our knowledge, it is the first butterfly-packaged 1064 nm semiconductor laser that is stable enough to be locked to an external frequency reference. We evaluated its performance from the viewpoint of precision experiments. Using a hyperfine absorption line of iodine, we suppressed its frequency noise by a factor of up to 104 at 10 mHz. The PWECL's compactness and low cost make it a candidate to replace traditional Nd:YAG nonplanar ring oscillators and fiber lasers in applications that require a single longitudinal mode.

Diagnosis and treatment of ECL cell tumors.

PubMed Central

Cadiot, G.; Cattan, D.; Mignon, M.

1998-01-01

The diagnosis of ECL-omas is easy to perform. In patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES), ECL-omas are almost always observed in the setting of multiple endocrine neoplasia type I. In patients without ZES, the first step is to discard non-gastrin-related sporadic ECL-omas whose prognosis is poor. By contrast, prognosis of ECL-omas in patients with ZES or chronic atrophic gastritis is good. Metastases are rare, and tumor-related deaths are exceptional. In both conditions, ECL-omas measuring less than 1 cm should be treated by endoscopic polypectomy and survey. Treatment modalities (surgery, endoscopic polypectomy) for larger tumors are still discussed. The impact of endoscopic ultrasonography on the therapeutic decision has not yet been evaluated. Considering the good prognosis of these tumors, aggressive surgery could be limited to selected patients. Multicentric studies should be undertaken to determine the best treatment modalities. PMID:10461362

Effects of Helicobacter pylori infection and long-term proton pump inhibitor use on enterochromaffin-like cells.

PubMed

Bektaş, Mehmet; Saraç, Nurşen; Cetinkaya, Hülya; Törüner, Murat; Erdemli, Esra; Keskin, Onur; Soykan, Irfan; Oktay, Esen Ismet; Korkut, Esin; Ustün, Yusuf; Bahar, Kadir

2012-01-01

Excessive release of gastrin leads to hypertrophy and hyperplasia of enterochromaffin-like cells (ECL) and prolonged stimulation of these cells causes functional impairment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori) infection and long-term proton pump inhibitors (PPI) use on ECL cells. Fifteen patients who underwent endoscopy because of dyspeptic symptoms were enrolled in the present study. Biopsies were taken from corpus and antrum and existence of H. pylori was investigated with culture, cytology and CLOtest. The patients were divided into 3 groups. Group-A: H. pylori -negative, never treated previously with PPI; Group-B: H. pylori -positive, never treated previously with PPI; and group-C: H. pylori -negative and continuously treated with PPI for more than 6 months before the subject recruitment period. The features of ECL cell in oxyntic glands were examined with electron microscopy on biopsy specimens. ECL cells were completely normal in Group A. In group B, moderate hyperplasia and vacuolization was seen in ECL cells. In group C, ECL cell hyperplasia was observed and vacuoles with greater amounts of granules in enlarged vesicles were found more intensely in cytoplasm. The use of PPI for a long period of time and presence of H. pylori infection are risk factors for ECL hyperplasia.

Effect of ion migration in electro-generated chemiluminescence depending on the luminophore types and operating conditions† †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03996d

PubMed Central

Shin, Sangbaie; Park, Yun Sung; Cho, Sunghwan; You, Insang; Kang, In Seok

2018-01-01

Electro-generated chemiluminescence (ECL) has attracted increasing attention as a new platform for light-emitting devices; in particular, the use of mechanically stretchable ECL gels opens up the opportunity to achieve deformable displays. The movements of radical ions under an external electric field include short-range diffusion near the electrodes and long-distance migration between the electrodes. So far, only the diffusion of radical ions has been considered as the operating principle behind ECL. In this study, electrochemical and optical analysis was performed systematically to investigate the role of ion migration in ECL devices. This study reveals that long-distance migration of radical ions can be a key variable in ECL at low frequencies and that this effect depends on the type of ion species and the operating conditions (e.g. voltage and frequency). We also report that the emissions from the two electrodes are not identical, and the emission behaviors are different in the optimal operating conditions for the red, green, and blue ECL emissions. PMID:29732124

Dual-peak electrogenerated chemiluminescence of carbon dots for iron ions detection.

PubMed

Zhang, Pengjia; Xue, Zhenjie; Luo, Dan; Yu, Wei; Guo, Zhihui; Wang, Tie

2014-06-17

Carbon dots (CDs) have rigorously been investigated on their unique fluorescent properties but rarely their electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) behavior. We are here to report a dual-peak ECL system of CDs, one at -2.84 V (ECL-1) and the other at -1.71 V (ECL-2) during the cyclic sweep between -3.0 and 3.0 V at scan rate of 0.2 V s(-1) in 0.1 M tetrabutyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) ethanol solution, which is more efficiency to distinguish metallic ions than single-peak ECL. The electron transfer reaction between individual electrochemically reduced nanocrystal species and coreactants led to ECL-1, in which the electron injected to the conduction band of CDs in the cathodic process. Ion annihilation reactions induced direct formation of exciplexes that produced another ECL signal, ECL-2. ECL-1 showed higher sensitivity to the surrounding environment than ECL-2 and thus was used for ECL detection of metallic ions. Herein, we can serve as an internal standard method to detect iron ions. A linear relationship of the intensity ratio R of ECL-1 and ECL-2 to iron ions was observed in the concentration extending from 5 × 10(-6) to 8 × 10(-5) M with a detection limit of 7 × 10(-7) M.

Extracorporeal life support in preoperative and postoperative heart transplant management.

PubMed

Bermudez, Christian A; McMullan, D Michael

2017-10-01

Increased experience with extracorporeal life support (ECLS) as a mode of cardiac support has expanded its use to diverse patient populations including patients requiring a bridge to heart transplantation and patients requiring posttransplant support for primary graft dysfunction (PGD). The use of ECLS is associated with acceptable outcomes in well-selected patients. While outcomes with the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a bridge to heart transplant have been variable, several series have confirmed the safe use of ECLS to stabilize patients prior to left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. These patients are then considered later, when in stable condition, for heart transplant. When ECLS is used prior to heart transplant, mortality is greatest during the first 6 months posttransplant. Patients who are alive 6 months after transplant appear to have similar survival rates as patients who were not supported with ECLS prior to transplant. ECLS support is a reliable therapeutic option for severe PGD and early graft failure after heart transplantation. In patients who require support for severe PGD, venoarterial-ECMO appears to result in better clinical outcomes than LVAD support. ECLS use for PGD after heart transplant continues to be the first line of support. Further studies are necessary to understand the optimal role of ECLS in heart transplantation.

Effects of Helicobacter pylori infection and long-term proton pump inhibitor use on enterochromaffin-like cells

PubMed Central

Bektaş, Mehmet; Saraç, Nurşen; Çetinkaya, Hülya; Törüner, Murat; Erdemli, Esra; Keskin, Onur; Soykan, İrfan; Oktay, Esen Ismet; Korkut, Esin; Üstün, Yusuf; Bahar, Kadir

2012-01-01

Background Excessive release of gastrin leads to hypertrophy and hyperplasia of enterochromaffin-like cells (ECL) and prolonged stimulation of these cells causes functional impairment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and long-term proton pump inhibitors (PPI) use on ECL cells. Methods Fifteen patients who underwent endoscopy because of dyspeptic symptoms were enrolled in the present study. Biopsies were taken from corpus and antrum and existence of H. pylori was investigated with culture, cytology and CLOtest. The patients were divided into 3 groups. Group-A: H. pylori-negative, never treated previously with PPI; Group-B: H. pylori-positive, never treated previously with PPI; and group-C: H. pylori-negative and continuously treated with PPI for more than 6 months before the subject recruitment period. The features of ECL cell in oxyntic glands were examined with electron microscopy on biopsy specimens. Results ECL cells were completely normal in Group A. In group B, moderate hyperplasia and vacuolization was seen in ECL cells. In group C, ECL cell hyperplasia was observed and vacuoles with greater amounts of granules in enlarged vesicles were found more intensely in cytoplasm. Conclusion The use of PPI for a long period of time and presence of H. pylori infection are risk factors for ECL hyperplasia. PMID:24714139

Highly Efficient Intramolecular Electrochemiluminescence Energy Transfer for Ultrasensitive Bioanalysis of Aflatoxin M1.

PubMed

Liu, Jia-Li; Zhao, Min; Zhuo, Ying; Chai, Ya-Qin; Yuan, Ruo

2017-02-03

The intermolecular electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) between luminol and Ru(bpy) 3 2+ was studied extensively to achieve the sensitive bioanalysis owing to the perfect spectral overlap of the donor and acceptor, but it still suffers from the challenging issue of low energy-transfer efficiency. The intramolecular ECL-RET towards the novel ECL compound containing the donor of luminol and the acceptor of Ru(bpy) 2 (mcpbpy) 2+ (Lum-Ru) was designed and investigated. With the high-efficient ECL-RET in one molecule, the highly intense ECL signal of Lum-Ru was obtained owing to the short path of energy transmission and less energy loss between luminol and Ru(bpy) 2 (mcpbpy) 2+ . Lum-Ru was further applied to construct a signal-off electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor for ultrasensitive detection of a harsh carcinogen of Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1). This sensing platform also provides a significant boost for the trace detection of other biomolecules in clinical analysis. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Project Orion, Environmental Control and Life Support System Integrated Studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Russell, James F.; Lewis, John F.

2008-01-01

Orion is the next vehicle for human space travel. Humans will be sustained in space by the Orion subystem, environmental control and life support (ECLS). The ECLS concept at the subsystem level is outlined by function and technology. In the past two years, the interface definition with other subsystems has increased through different integrated studies. The paper presents the key requirements and discusses three recent studies (e.g., unpressurized cargo) along with the respective impacts on the ECLS design moving forward.

Association between the number of early carious lesions and diet in children with a high prevalence of caries.

PubMed

Llena, C; Leyda, A; Forner, L; Garcet, S

2015-03-01

An investigation was conducted in a population of paediatric patients with a high risk of caries in order to assess the association between caries history (CH) and the number of early carious lesions (ECLs) and the frequency and timing of cariogenic food and beverage intake, sugar-containing medication, the frequency and efficacy of tooth brushing, and the use of topical fluorides. Study design: descriptive study. One hundred children aged 6-15 years with≥ ECL of a permanent tooth and not enrolled in any dental health educational or preventive programme were selected. For diagnosis it was used an explorer according to the ICDAS II criteria. The participants completed a closed-list questionnaire on the frequency and timing of cariogenic food intake. There was a nonsignificant tendency to present more ECLs and a greater CH among patients who consumed cariogenic foods and beverages. A significant relationship (p<0.05) was observed between cariogenic beverages and the number of ECL or CH. Using the number of ECLs as dependent variable, regular fluoridated rinses (p=0.003), frequent sugar-containing medication (p=0.007), and cariogenic beverage consumption (p=0.024) were identified as explanatory parameters in the linear regression model. The Student t-test was used to compare ECL and CH with dietetic factors, fluoridated rinses, sugar- containing medicines, and the frequency and efficacy of tooth brushing. Linear regression analysis correlated the number of ECLs to the mentioned explanatory variables. The frequent consumption of sugary beverages and medications, and failure to regularly use fluoridated rinses, were positively correlated to an increased number of ECLs in patients with a high prevalence of caries.

ECLS systems for a lunar base - A baseline and some alternate concepts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hypes, Warren D.; Hall, John B., Jr.

1988-01-01

A baseline ECLS system for a lunar base manned intermittently by four crewmembers and later permanently occupied by eight crewmembers has been designed. A summary of the physical characteristics for the intermittently manned and the continuously manned bases is given. Since Space Station inheritance is a key assumption in the mission models, the ECLS system components are distributed within Space Station modules and nodes. A 'core assembly' concept is then developed to meet the objectives of both phases of the ECLS system. A supplementary study is discussed which assessed tankage requirements, penalties incurred by adding subsystem redundancy and by pressurizing large surface structures, and difficulties imposed by intermittent occupancy. Alternate concepts using lunar-derived oxygen, the gravitational field as a design aid, and a city utility-type ECLS system are also discussed.

Clinical impact of intra-aortic balloon pump during extracorporeal life support in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background There is no available data on clinical outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock who are supported by an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) in combination with extracorporeal life support (ECLS). Methods We analysed 96 consecutive patients with AMI and complicating cardiogenic shock who were assisted by an ECLS system between January 2004 and December 2011. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. The secondary outcomes were the success rate of weaning from ECLS and the lactate clearance for 48 hours (%). Results A combination of IABP and ECLS was used in 41 (42.7%) patients. In-hospital mortality occurred for 51 patients (ECLS with IABP versus ECLS alone; 51.2% vs. 54.5%, p = 0.747). The success rate of weaning from ECLS was similar between the two groups (63.4% vs. 58.2%, p = 0.604). Complications such as ischemia of a lower extremity or bleeding at the ECLS insertion site (p = 0.521 and p = 0.667, respectively) did not increase when ECLS was combined with IABP. Among patients who survived for 24 hours after intervention, lactate clearance was not significantly different between patients who received ECLS alone and those who received ECLS with IABP (p = 0.918). Conclusions The combined use of ECLS and IABP did not improve in-hospital survival in patients with AMI complicated by cardiogenic shock. PMID:24725532

Imprinting of molecular recognition sites combined with π-donor-acceptor interactions using bis-aniline-crosslinked Au-CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles array on electrodes: Development of electrochemiluminescence sensor for the ultrasensitive and selective detection of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid.

PubMed

Yang, Yukun; Fang, Guozhen; Wang, Xiaomin; Liu, Guiyang; Wang, Shuo

2016-03-15

A novel strategy is reported for the fabrication of bis-aniline-crosslinked Au nanoparticles (NPs)-CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) array composite by facil one-step co-electropolymerization of thioaniline-functionalized AuNPs and thioaniline-functionalized CdSe/ZnS QDs onto thioaniline-functionalized Au elctrodes (AuE). Stable and enhanced cathodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of CdSe/ZnS QDs is observed on the modified electrode in neutral solution, suggesting promising applications in ECL sensing. An advanced ECL sensor is explored for detection of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) which quenches the ECL signal through electron-transfer pathway. The sensitive determination of MCPA with limit of detection (LOD) of 2.2 nmolL(-1) (S/N=3) is achieved by π-donor-acceptor interactions between MCPA and the bis-aniline bridging units. Impressively, the imprinting of molecular recognition sites into the bis-aniline-crosslinked AuNPs-CdSe/ZnS QDs array yields a functionalized electrode with an extremely sensitive response to MCPA in a linear range of 10 pmolL(-1)-50 μmolL(-1) with a LOD of 4.3 pmolL(-1 ()S/N=3). The proposed ECL sensor with high sensitivity, good selectivity, reproducibility and stability has been successfully applied for the determination of MCPA in real samples with satisfactory recoveries. In this study, ECL sensor combined the merits of QDs-ECL and molecularly imprinting technology is reported for the first time. The developed ECL sensor holds great promise for the fabrication of QDs-based ECL sensors with improved sensitivity and furthermore opens the door to wide applications of QDs-based ECL in food safety and environmental monitoring. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A novel electrochemiluminescent biosensor based on resonance energy transfer between poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) and 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracar-boxylic acid for insulin detection.

PubMed

Zhang, Han; Zuo, Fumei; Tan, Xingrong; Xu, Shenghao; Yuan, Ruo; Chen, Shihong

2018-05-01

An electrochemiluminescencent (ECL) biosensor was designed for the determination of insulin using a novel ECL resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) strategy. In this strategy, carboxyl poly(9,9-dioctyfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) dots (PFO dots) were worked as ECL donor and 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracar-boxylic acid (PTCA) exploited as ECL acceptor, and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) employed as the coreactant. The ECL donor and ECL acceptor were separately labeled with primary antibody (Ab 1 ) and secondary antibody (Ab 2 ), forming a sensing interface to the analyte target, insulin. In this expected sandwich-type ECL biosensor, PFO dots acted as sensing platform and PTCA employed as labels to quench the ECL emission of PFO dots. During the determination process, ECL signal of PFO dots was decreased in a gradual way by the increase of insulin concentration, and the quenching mechanism was also investigated. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the constructed biosensor exhibited an excellent performance, including a wide linear range from 1.0 × 10 -5 ng/mL to 1.0 × 10 2 ng/mL, low detection limit of 3.0 × 10 -6 ng/mL, good stability and selectivity for the detection of insulin. This pair of PFO-PTCA, as a new donor-acceptor pair in ECL-RET system, would provide a promising platform for bioanalysis in ECL field. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Zinc-doping enhanced cadmium sulfide electrochemiluminescence behavior based on Au-Cu alloy nanocrystals quenching for insulin detection.

PubMed

Zhu, Wenjuan; Wang, Chao; Li, Xiaojian; Khan, Malik Saddam; Sun, Xu; Ma, Hongmin; Fan, Dawei; Wei, Qin

2017-11-15

Novel and sensitive sandwich-type electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor was fabricated for insulin detection. Au-ZnCd 14 S combined nitrogen doping mesoporous carbons (Au-ZnCd 14 S/NH 2 -NMCs) acted as sensing platform and Au-Cu alloy nanocrystals were employed as labels to quench the ECL of Au-ZnCd 14 S/NH 2 -NMCs. Zinc-doping promoted the ECL behavior of CdS nanocrystals, with the best ECL emission obtained when the molar ratio of Zn/Cd was 1:14. Simultaneously, the modification of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and combination with NH 2 -NMC further enhanced the ECL emission of ZnCd 14 S due to its excellent conductivity and large specific surface area, which is desirable for the immunosensor construction. Au-Cu alloy nanocrystals were employed in the ECL system of ZnCd 14 S/K 2 S 2 O 8 triggering ECL quenching effects. The ECL spectra of ZnCd 14 S, acting as the energy donor, exhibited well overlaps with the absorption band of Au-Cu alloy nanocrystals which acted as the energy acceptor, leading to an effective ECL resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET). On the basis of the ECL quenching effects, a sensitive ECL immunosensor for insulin detection was successfully constructed with a linear response range of insulin concentration from 0.1pg/mL to 30ng/mL and the limit of detection was calculated to be 0.03pg/mL (S/N = 3). Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Divorce, approaches to learning, and children's academic achievement: a longitudinal analysis of mediated and moderated effects.

PubMed

Anthony, Christopher J; DiPerna, James Clyde; Amato, Paul R

2014-06-01

Data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study--Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K) were used to test the hypothesis that approaches to learning (ATL) mediates the link between parental divorce and academic achievement. Fixed effects regression was utilized to test for mediation, and subsequent moderation analyses examining gender and age at time of divorce also were conducted. Results indicated that divorce was associated with less growth in test scores and that ATL mediated 18% and 12% of this association in reading and mathematics respectively. Parental divorce also was associated with larger negative effects for children who experienced divorce at an older age as well as for girls' mathematics test scores. These findings contribute to the understanding of the impact of parental divorce on children's academic achievement and underscore the importance of focusing on the variability of child outcomes following parental divorce. Copyright © 2014 Society for the Study of School Psychology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A sensitive immunosensor via in situ enzymatically generating efficient quencher for electrochemiluminescence of iridium complexes doped SiO2 nanoparticles.

PubMed

Liang, Wenbin; Zhuo, Ying; Xiong, Chengyi; Zheng, Yingning; Chai, Yaqin; Yuan, Ruo

2017-08-15

A sensitive electrochemiluminescent (ECL) sandwich immunosensor was proposed herein based on the tris (2-phenylpyridine) iridium [Ir(ppy) 3 ] doped silica nanoparticles (SiO 2 @Ir) with improved ECL emission as signal probes and glucose oxidase (GOD)-based in situ enzymatic reaction to generate H 2 O 2 for efficiently quenching the ECL emission of SiO 2 @Ir. Typically, the SiO 2 @Ir not only increased the loading amount of Ir(ppy) 3 as ECL indicators with high ECL emission, but also improved their water-solubility, which efficiently enhanced the ECL emission. Furthermore, by the efficient quench effect of H 2 O 2 from in situ glucose oxidase (GOD)-based enzymatic reaction on the ECL emission of SiO 2 @Ir, a signal-off ECL immunsensor could be established for sensitive assay. With N-terminal of the prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (BNPT) as a model, the proposed ECL assay performed high sensitivity and low detection limit. Importantly, the proposed sensitive ECL strategy was not only suitable for the detection of BNPT for acute myocardial infarction, but also revealed a new avenue for early diagnosis of various diseases via proteins, nucleotide sequence, microRNA and cells. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ratiometric electrochemiluminescent strategy regulated by electrocatalysis of palladium nanocluster for immunosensing.

PubMed

Huang, Yin; Lei, Jianping; Cheng, Yan; Ju, Huangxian

2016-03-15

This work designed a novel ratiometric electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensing approach based on two different ECL emitters: CdS quantum dots (QDs) as cathodic emitter and luminol as anodic emitter. The ECL immunosensor was constructed by a layer-by-layer modification of CdS QDs, Au nanoparticles and capture antibody on a glassy carbon electrode. With hydrogen peroxide as ECL coreactant, the immunosensor showed a cathodic ECL emission of CdS QDs at -1.5 V (vs Ag/AgCl) in air-saturated pH 8.0 buffer. Upon the formation of sandwich immunoassay, the lumiol/palladium nanoclusters (Pd NCs)@graphene oxide probe was introduced to the electrode. Therefore, the cathodic ECL intensity decreased and luminol anodic ECL emission was appeared at +0.3 V (vs Ag/AgCl) owing to the competition of the coreactant of hydrogen peroxide. Using carcino-embryonic antigen as model, this ratiometric ECL strategy could be used for immunoassay with a linear range of 1.0-100 pg mL(-1) and a detection limit of 0.62 pg mL(-1). The enhanced ratiometric ECL signal resulted from the high density and excellent electrocatalysis of the loaded Pd NCs. The immunosensor exhibited good stability and acceptable fabrication reproducibility and accuracy, showing a great promising for clinical application. This electrocatalysis-regulated ratiometric ECL provides a new concept for ECL measurement, and could be conveniently extended for detection of other protein biomarkers. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Parent involvement and science achievement: A latent growth curve analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Johnson, Ursula Yvette

This study examined science achievement growth across elementary and middle school and parent school involvement using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study - Kindergarten Class of 1998--1999 (ECLS-K). The ECLS-K is a nationally representative kindergarten cohort of students from public and private schools who attended full-day or half-day kindergarten class in 1998--1999. The present study's sample (N = 8,070) was based on students that had a sampling weight available from the public-use data file. Students were assessed in science achievement at third, fifth, and eighth grades and parents of the students were surveyed at the same time points. Analyses using latent growth curve modeling with time invariant and varying covariates in an SEM framework revealed a positive relationship between science achievement and parent involvement at eighth grade. Furthermore, there were gender and racial/ethnic differences in parents' school involvement as a predictor of science achievement. Findings indicated that students with lower initial science achievement scores had a faster rate of growth across time. The achievement gap between low and high achievers in earth, space and life sciences lessened from elementary to middle school. Parents' involvement with school usually tapers off after elementary school, but due to parent school involvement being a significant predictor of eighth grade science achievement, later school involvement may need to be supported and better implemented in secondary schooling.

Do Electrochemiluminescence Assays Improve Prediction of Time to Type 1 Diabetes in Autoantibody-Positive TrialNet Subjects?

PubMed Central

Fouts, Alexandra; Pyle, Laura; Yu, Liping; Miao, Dongmei; Michels, Aaron; Krischer, Jeffrey; Sosenko, Jay; Gottlieb, Peter

2016-01-01

OBJECTIVE To explore whether electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assays can help improve prediction of time to type 1 diabetes in the TrialNet autoantibody-positive population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS TrialNet subjects who were positive for one or more autoantibodies (microinsulin autoantibody, GAD65 autoantibody [GADA], IA-2A, and ZnT8A) with available ECL-insulin autoantibody (IAA) and ECL-GADA data at their initial visit were analyzed; after a median follow-up of 24 months, 177 of these 1,287 subjects developed diabetes. RESULTS Univariate analyses showed that autoantibodies by radioimmunoassays (RIAs), ECL-IAA, ECL-GADA, age, sex, number of positive autoantibodies, presence of HLA DR3/4-DQ8 genotype, HbA1c, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) measurements were all significantly associated with progression to diabetes. Subjects who were ECL positive had a risk of progression to diabetes within 6 years of 58% compared with 5% for the ECL-negative subjects (P < 0.0001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were compared, with the base model including age, sex, OGTT measurements, and number of positive autoantibodies by RIAs. The model with positivity for ECL-GADA and/or ECL-IAA was the best, and factors that remained significantly associated with time to diabetes were area under the curve (AUC) C-peptide, fasting C-peptide, AUC glucose, number of positive autoantibodies by RIAs, and ECL positivity. Adding ECL to the Diabetes Prevention Trial risk score (DPTRS) improved the receiver operating characteristic curves with AUC of 0.83 (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS ECL assays improved the ability to predict time to diabetes in these autoantibody-positive relatives at risk for developing diabetes. These findings might be helpful in the design and eligibility criteria for prevention trials in the future. PMID:27456836

Do Electrochemiluminescence Assays Improve Prediction of Time to Type 1 Diabetes in Autoantibody-Positive TrialNet Subjects?

PubMed

Fouts, Alexandra; Pyle, Laura; Yu, Liping; Miao, Dongmei; Michels, Aaron; Krischer, Jeffrey; Sosenko, Jay; Gottlieb, Peter; Steck, Andrea K

2016-10-01

To explore whether electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assays can help improve prediction of time to type 1 diabetes in the TrialNet autoantibody-positive population. TrialNet subjects who were positive for one or more autoantibodies (microinsulin autoantibody, GAD65 autoantibody [GADA], IA-2A, and ZnT8A) with available ECL-insulin autoantibody (IAA) and ECL-GADA data at their initial visit were analyzed; after a median follow-up of 24 months, 177 of these 1,287 subjects developed diabetes. Univariate analyses showed that autoantibodies by radioimmunoassays (RIAs), ECL-IAA, ECL-GADA, age, sex, number of positive autoantibodies, presence of HLA DR3/4-DQ8 genotype, HbA1c, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) measurements were all significantly associated with progression to diabetes. Subjects who were ECL positive had a risk of progression to diabetes within 6 years of 58% compared with 5% for the ECL-negative subjects (P < 0.0001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were compared, with the base model including age, sex, OGTT measurements, and number of positive autoantibodies by RIAs. The model with positivity for ECL-GADA and/or ECL-IAA was the best, and factors that remained significantly associated with time to diabetes were area under the curve (AUC) C-peptide, fasting C-peptide, AUC glucose, number of positive autoantibodies by RIAs, and ECL positivity. Adding ECL to the Diabetes Prevention Trial risk score (DPTRS) improved the receiver operating characteristic curves with AUC of 0.83 (P < 0.0001). ECL assays improved the ability to predict time to diabetes in these autoantibody-positive relatives at risk for developing diabetes. These findings might be helpful in the design and eligibility criteria for prevention trials in the future. © 2016 by the American Diabetes Association.

A review of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) in and for microfluidic analytical devices.

PubMed

Kirschbaum, Stefanie E K; Baeumner, Antje J

2015-05-01

The concept and realization of microfluidic total analysis systems (microTAS) have revolutionized the analytical process by integrating the whole breadth of analytical techniques into miniaturized systems. Paramount for efficient and competitive microTAS are integrated detection strategies, which lead to low limits of detection while reducing the sample volume. The concept of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) has been intriguing ever since its introduction based on Ru(bpy)3 (2+) by Tokel and Bard [1] (J Am Chem Soc 1853:2862-2863, 1972), especially because of its immense sensitivity, nonexistent auto-luminescent background signal, and simplicity in experimental design. Therefore, integrating ECL detection into microTAS is a logical consequence to achieve simple, yet highly sensitive, sensors. However, published microanalytical devices employing ECL detection focus in general on traditional ECL chemistry and have yet to take advantage of advances made in standard bench-top ECL strategies. This review will therefore focus on the most recent advancements in microfluidic ECL approaches, but also evaluate the potential impact of bench-top ECL research progress that would further improve performance and lower limits of detection of micro analytical ECL systems, ensuring their desirability as detection principle for microTAS applications.

Effects of 5 years of treatment with rabeprazole or omeprazole on the gastric mucosa.

PubMed

Rindi, Guido; Fiocca, Roberto; Morocutti, Anna; Jacobs, Adam; Miller, Neil; Thjodleifsson, Bjarni

2005-05-01

Prolonged gastric acid suppression leads to hypergastrinaemia, which promotes hyperplasia of the enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells of the oxyntic mucosa. The objective was to determine the effects of 5 years of treatment with rabeprazole or omeprazole on the gastric mucosa. Two hundred and forty-three patients received rabeprazole (20 mg or 10 mg) or omeprazole (20 mg) once daily for up to 5 years, for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and 51% completed the whole 5 year period. Gastric biopsy specimens were taken and examined for gastritis, Helicobacter pylori infection, and ECL cell status. H. pylori infection in the gastric corpus was more common than in the antrum, and remained constant, whereas antral H. pylori infection became less common as the study progressed. H. pylori infection was a highly significant predictor of higher gastritis scores, which were similar among the three treatment groups. ECL cell hyperplasia occurred in a minority of patients, and was associated with serum gastrin concentrations. No ECL cell dysplasia or tumours were observed. There were no significant differences among the treatment groups in gastritis or ECL cell hyperplasia grades. This study has confirmed the link between ECL cell hyperplasia and elevated serum gastrin concentrations, but has found no evidence that this progresses to high grades of hyperplasia during 5 years of treatment with rabeprazole or omeprazole.

Results of extracorporeal life support implementation in routine clinical practice: single center experience

PubMed Central

Biočina, Bojan; Petričević, Mate; Belina, Dražen; Gašparović, Hrvoje; Svetina, Lucija; Konosić, Sanja; White, Alexandra; Ivančan, Višnja; Kopjar, Tomislav; Miličić, Davor

2014-01-01

Aim To describe our experience in the clinical application of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) and analyze whether ECLS leads to acceptable clinical outcomes in patients with cardiac failure. Methods Data from clinical database of University Hospital Center Zagreb, Croatia, on 75 patients undergoing ECLS support from 2009 to 2014 due to cardiac failure were retrospectively analyzed. Outcomes were defined as procedural and clinical outcomes. ECLS as a primary procedure and ECLS as a postcardiotomy procedure due to inability to wean from cardiopulmonary bypass were analyzed. Results ECLS was used in 75 adult patients, and in 24 (32%) of those procedural success was noted. ECLS was implemented as a primary procedure in 36 patients and as a postcardiotomy procedure in 39 patients. Nine out of 39 (23.08%) patients had postcardiotomy ECLS after heart transplantation. Bleeding complications occurred in 30 (40%) patients, both in primary (11/36 patients) and postcardiotomy group (19/39 patients). ECLS was established by peripheral approach in 46 patients and by central cannulation in 27 patients. In 2 patients, combined cannulation was performed, with an inflow cannula placed into the right atrium and an outflow cannula placed into the femoral artery. Eleven patients treated with peripheral approach had ischemic complications. Conclusion ECLS is a useful tool in the treatment of patients with refractory cardiac failure and its results are encouraging in patients who otherwise have an unfavorable prognosis. PMID:25559831

High rate of arterial complications in patients supported with extracorporeal life support for drug intoxication-induced refractory cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest.

PubMed

Pozzi, Matteo; Koffel, Catherine; Djaref, Camelia; Grinberg, Daniel; Fellahi, Jean Luc; Hugon-Vallet, Elisabeth; Prieur, Cyril; Robin, Jacques; Obadia, Jean François

2017-07-01

Cardiac failure is still a leading cause of death in drug intoxication. Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) could be used as a rescue therapeutic option in patients developing refractory cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest. The aim of this report is to present our results of ECLS in the setting of poisoning from cardiotoxic drugs. We included in this analysis consecutive patients who received an ECLS for refractory cardiogenic shock or in-hospital cardiac arrest due to drug intoxication. The primary endpoint of our study was survival to hospital discharge with good neurological recovery after ECLS support. Between January 2010 and December 2015, we performed 12 ECLS. Mean age was 44.2±17.8 years and there was a predominance of females (66.7%). Drug intoxication was mainly due to beta-blockers and/or calcium channel inhibitors (83.3%) and 5 (41.7%) patients had multiple drugs overdose. Weaning rate and survival to hospital discharge with good neurological recovery were 75% (9 patients). Among patients weaned from ECLS, mean duration of support was 2.4±1.1 days. Three (25%) patients underwent ECLS implantation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 2 (66.6%) of them died while on mechanical circulatory support (MCS). Six (50%) patients developed lower limb ischemia. Each patient was managed with ECLS decannulation: 2 (16.7%) patients underwent a concomitant iliofemoral thrombectomy, 3 (25%) needed further fasciotomy and the remaining patient (8.3%) required an amputation. Refractory cardiogenic shock due to drug intoxication is still one of the best indications for ECLS owing to the satisfactory survival with good neurological outcome in such a critically ill population. Further data are however necessary in order to best understand the possible relation between drug intoxication and lower limb ischemia, which was quite superior to the reported rates.

Hematological complications in children subjected to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

PubMed

Santiago, M J; Gómez, C; Magaña, I; Muñoz, V; Saiz, P; Sánchez, A; López-Herce, J

2018-03-29

To analyze the hematological complications and need for transfusions in children receiving extracorporeal life support (ECLS). A retrospective study was carried out. A pediatric intensive care unit. Children under 18 years of age treated with ECLS between September 2006 and November 2015. None. Patient and ECLS characteristics, anticoagulation, hematological and coagulation parameters, transfusions and clinical course. A total of 100 patients (94 with heart disease) with a median age of 11 months were studied. Seventy-six patients presented bleeding. The most frequent bleeding point being the mediastinum and 39 patients required revision surgery. In the first 3days, 97% of the patients required blood transfusion (34.4ml/kg per day), 94% platelets (21.1ml/kg per day) and 90% plasma (26.6ml/kg per day). Patients who were in the postoperative period, those who were bleeding at the start of ECLS, those requiring revision surgery, those who could not suspend extracorporeal circulation, and those subjected to transthoracic cannulation required a greater volume of transfusions than the rest of the patients. Thromboembolism occurred in 14 patients and hemolysis in 33 patients. Mortality among the children who were bleeding at the start of ECLS (57.6%) was significantly higher than in the rest of the patients (37.5%) (P=0.048). Children treated with ECLS present high blood product needs. The main factors related to transfusions were postoperative period, bleeding at the start of ECLS, revision surgery, transthoracic cannulation, and the impossibility of suspending extracorporeal circulation. Children with bleeding suffered greater mortality than the rest of the patients. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier España, S.L.U. y SEMICYUC. All rights reserved.

Solution Processable Electrochemiluminescent Ion Gels for Flexible, Low Voltage, Emissive Displays on Plastic

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moon, Hong Chul; Lodge, Timothy P.; Frisbie, C. Daniel

2014-03-01

We have expanded the functionality of ion gels and successfully demonstrated low voltage, flexible electrochemiluminescent (ECL) devices using patterned ECL gels. An ECL device composed of only an emissive gel and two electrodes was fabricated on an ITO-coated substrate by solution casting the ECL gel and brush-painting the top silver electrode. The device turned on at an AC voltage as low as 2.6 V (-1.3 V ~ +1.3 V) and showed a relatively rapid response (sub-ms). Also, we varied the mechanical properties of the ECL gel simply by substituting polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate)-block-polystyrene (SMS) with commercially available poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF-co-HFP)), enabling the fabrication of flexible ECL devices on any target substrate by the ``cut-and-stick'' strategy. This simple, rubbery ECL gel should be attractive for flexible electronics applications such as displays on packaging.

Rural-urban differences in breastfeeding initiation in the United States.

PubMed

Sparks, P Johnelle

2010-05-01

Research has noted a rural disadvantage in breastfeeding initiation; however, most previous research has been based on nonrepresentative samples and has been limited in its ability to compare racial/ethnic differences in breastfeeding initiation based on residential location. This research fills this gap by examining a nationally representative sample of births using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (ECLS-B) to explore associations between rural-urban residence and maternal race/ethnicity on breastfeeding initiation. Results indicate that associations observed for rural-urban breastfeeding initiation differ based on maternal race/ethnicity and poverty status. These patterns likely reflect differences in economic resources, work environments, and social support among rural minority postpartum women.

Enhanced peroxydisulfate electrochemiluminescence for dopamine biosensing based on Au nanoparticle decorated reduced graphene oxide.

PubMed

Yan, Yuting; Liu, Qian; Wang, Kun; Jiang, Ling; Yang, Xingwang; Qian, Jing; Dong, Xiaoya; Qiu, Baijing

2013-12-07

This work reports a novel strategy to amplify the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signal of peroxydisulfate solution based on the Au nanoparticle decorated reduced graphene oxide (Au NP-RGO), and further an ECL biosensor for sensitive and selective detection of dopamine (DA) was constructed. Due to the synergistic amplification of Au NPs and RGO, the ECL signal of peroxydisulfate solution on the Au NP-RGO modified electrode was about 5-fold enhanced compared to that of the bare electrode with the ECL onset potential positively shifted from -1.2 V to -0.9 V. More interestingly, the ECL intensity of peroxydisulfate solution increased with the increase of DA concentration, based on which an ECL biosensor for DA determination was fabricated. The as-prepared solid-state ECL DA sensor showed a wide linear response of 0.02-40 μM with a detection limit of 6.7 nM (S/N = 3). Moreover, we expect this work would open up a new field in the application of peroxydisulfate solution ECL for highly sensitive bioassays.

Biocompatible electrochemiluminescent biosensor for choline based on enzyme/titanate nanotubes/chitosan composite modified electrode.

PubMed

Dai, Hong; Chi, Yuwu; Wu, Xiaoping; Wang, Youmei; Wei, Mingdeng; Chen, Guonan

2010-02-15

A new biocompatible ECL biosensor based on enzyme/titanate nanotubes/chitosan composite film was developed for the determination of analytes in biological samples. In the fabrication of the new ECL biosensor, biocompatible titanate nanotubes (TNTs) and a model enzyme, i.e., choline oxidase (ChOX), were immobilized on a chitosan modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) via electrostatic adsorption and covalent interaction, respectively. By this ECL biosensor, choline was enzymatically oxidized to hydrogen peroxide and detected by a sensitive luminol ECL system. The use of TNTs not only provided a biocompatible microenvironment for the immobilized enzyme, which resulted in an excellent stability and long lifetime of the ECL biosensor, but also exhibited great enhancement towards luminol ECL and thus led to a significant improvement in sensitivity of ECL biosensor. Satisfactory results were obtained when employing this biosensor in assaying the total choline in milk samples. The work would provide a common platform to develop various sensitive, selective and biocompatible ECL biosensors based on using enzyme/TNTs/CHIT composite films. Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A highly stable electrochemiluminescence sensing system of cadmium sulfide nanowires/graphene hybrid for supersensitive detection of pentachlorophenol

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deng, Yanan; Chang, Quanying; Yin, Kai; Liu, Chengbin; Wang, Ying

2017-10-01

A highly stable and effective electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensing system of cadmium sulfide nanowires/reduced graphene oxide (CdS NWS/rGO) hybrid is presented for supersensitive detection of pentachlorophenol (PCP). CdS nanowire is for the first time exploited in ECL sensing. The rGO served as both ECL signal amplifier and immobilization platform, can perfectly enhance the ECL intensity and stability of the sensing system. With S2O82- as coreactant, the ECL signal can be significantly quenched by the addition of PCP. The established ECL sensing system presents a wider linear range from 1.0 × 10-14 to 1.0 × 10-8 M and a much low detection limit of 2 × 10-15 M under the optimum test conditions (e.g., pH 7.0 and 100 mM S2O82-). Furthermore, the ECL sensing system displays a good selectivity for PCP detection. The practicability of the ECL sensing system in real water sample shows that this system could be promisingly applied in the analytical detection of PCP in real water environments.

Surface-enhanced molecularly imprinted electrochemiluminescence sensor based on Ru@SiO2 for ultrasensitive detection of fumonisin B1.

PubMed

Zhang, Wei; Xiong, Huiwen; Chen, Miaomiao; Zhang, Xiuhua; Wang, Shengfu

2017-10-15

A novel molecularly imprinted electrochemiluminescence (MIP-ECL) sensor based on Ru(bpy) 3 2+ -doped silica nanoparticles (Ru@SiO 2 NPs) is developed for highly sensitive detection of fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ). Gold-nanoparticles (AuNPs), Ru@SiO 2 NPs with chitosan (CS) composites and a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) are assembled on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to fabricate an ECL platform step by step. AuNPs could greatly promote the ECL intensity and improve the analytical sensitivity according to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and the electrochemical effect. In this surface-enhanced electrochemiluminescence (SEECL) system, AuNPs work as the LSPR source to improve the ECL intensity and Ru@SiO 2 NPs are used as ECL luminophores. In the phosphate buffer solution (PBS), the evident anodic ECL of Ru@SiO 2 on the above working electrode is observed in the presence of the template molecule fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ), which could act as the coreactant of Ru@SiO 2 NPs due to the amino group of FB 1 . When the template molecules were eluted from the MIP, little coreactant was left, resulting in an apparent decrease of ECL signal. After the MIP-ECL sensor was incubated in FB 1 solution, the template molecules rebound to the MIP surface, leading to the enhancement of ECL signal again. On the basis of these results, a facile MIP-ECL sensor has been successfully fabricated, which exhibited a linear range from 0.001 to 100ngmL -1 with a detection limit of 0.35pgmL -1 for FB 1 . Moreover, the proposed MIP-ECL sensor displayed an excellent application in real samples. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Gains in income during early childhood are associated with decreases in BMI z scores among children in the United States.

PubMed

Oddo, Vanessa M; Jones-Smith, Jessica C

2015-06-01

Evidence suggests that changes in family income are an important determinant of children's body mass index (BMI). However, few studies have leveraged longitudinal data to investigate the association of changes in family income on changes in BMI z score. This study aimed to assess whether gains in family income are associated with changes in BMI z score among children in the United States by using the nationally representative Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey Birth Cohort (ECLS-B). We used longitudinal data from the ECLS-B to assess whether gains in family income, assessed by using the poverty to income ratio (PIR), were associated with changes in BMI z score among children aged 2-6 y. Child anthropometric characteristics and family income were assessed at 2-y, 4-y, 5-y, and 6-y visits. Sex-stratified, individual fixed-effects linear regression models compared children with themselves over time to control for time-invariant measured and unmeasured confounding factors. Models also controlled for time-varying confounders, including number of siblings, household structure (2 parents, one parent, or unrelated guardian), age, and age squared. Children (n = ~9200) had a mean ± SE change in BMI z score of 0.12 ± 0.022, and family income increased by ~$3361 ± $536 during the 4-y period of observation (2003-2007). The association between increased PIR and change in BMI z score varied by sex but not by race-ethnicity. Among girls, an increase in PIR was associated with a statistically significant decrease in BMI z score (βPIR = -0.022; 95% CI: -0.042, -0.0016). There was a statistically significant association between PIR and BMI z score among preterm boys (βPIR + β PIRXpreterm = -0.067; 95% CI: -0.12, -0.018), but the relation was not statistically significant among boys born at term (βPIR = -0.0049; 95% CI: -0.024, 0.014). By comparing children with themselves over time, we overcome many barriers that typically impede causal inference in observational studies. In this way, our study provides stronger evidence that gains in income during early childhood may promote healthy weight outcomes among girls. © 2015 American Society for Nutrition.

Extracorporeal life support during cardiac arrest and cardiogenic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed

Ouweneel, Dagmar M; Schotborgh, Jasper V; Limpens, Jacqueline; Sjauw, Krischan D; Engström, A E; Lagrand, Wim K; Cherpanath, Thomas G V; Driessen, Antoine H G; de Mol, Bas A J M; Henriques, José P S

2016-12-01

Veno-arterial extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is increasingly used in patients during cardiac arrest and cardiogenic shock, to support both cardiac and pulmonary function. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies comparing mortality in patients treated with and without ECLS support in the setting of refractory cardiac arrest and cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction. We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the publisher subset of PubMed updated to December 2015. Thirteen studies were included of which nine included cardiac arrest patients (n = 3098) and four included patients with cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction (n = 235). Data were pooled by a Mantel-Haenzel random effects model and heterogeneity was examined by the I 2 statistic. In cardiac arrest, the use of ECLS was associated with an absolute increase of 30 days survival of 13 % compared with patients in which ECLS was not used [95 % CI 6-20 %; p < 0.001; number needed to treat (NNT) 7.7] and a higher rate of favourable neurological outcome at 30 days (absolute risk difference 14 %; 95 % CI 7-20 %; p < 0.0001; NNT 7.1). Propensity matched analysis, including 5 studies and 438 patients (219 in both groups), showed similar results. In cardiogenic shock, ECLS showed a 33 % higher 30-day survival compared with IABP (95 % CI, 14-52 %; p < 0.001; NNT 13) but no difference when compared with TandemHeart/Impella (-3 %; 95 % CI -21 to 14 %; p = 0.70; NNH 33). In cardiac arrest, the use of ECLS was associated with an increased survival rate as well as an increase in favourable neurological outcome. In the setting of cardiogenic shock there was an increased survival with ECLS compared with IABP.

A novel biosensor array with a wheel-like pattern for glucose, lactate and choline based on electrochemiluminescence imaging.

PubMed

Zhou, Zhenyu; Xu, Linru; Wu, Suozhu; Su, Bin

2014-10-07

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) imaging provides a superior approach to achieve array detection because of its ability for ultrasensitive multiplex analysis. In this paper, we reported a novel ECL imaging biosensor array modified with an enzyme/carbon nanotubes/chitosan composite film for the determination of glucose, choline and lactate. The biosensor array was constructed by integrating a patterned indium tin oxide (ITO) glass plate with six perforated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) covers. ECL is generated by the electrochemical reaction between luminol and hydrogen peroxide that is produced by the enzyme catalysed oxidation of different substrates with molecular oxygen, and ECL images were captured by a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. The separated electrochemical micro-cells enabled simultaneous assay of six samples at different concentrations. From the established calibration curves, the detection limits were 14 μM for glucose, 40 μM for lactate and 97 μM for choline, respectively. Moreover, multicomponent assays and cross reactivity were also studied, both of which were satisfied for the analysis. This biosensing platform based on ECL imaging shows many distinct advantages, including miniaturization, low cost, and multi-functionalization. We believe that this novel ECL imaging biosensor platform will have potential applications in clinical diagnostics, medicine and food inspection.

Determinants of father involvement with young children: Evidence from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort.

PubMed

Planalp, Elizabeth M; Braungart-Rieker, Julia M

2016-02-01

The current study used data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (ECLS-B; Snow et al., 2007) to explore determinants of resident father involvement. Families (N = 2,900) were measured at 3 time points (9 months, 2 years, and 4 years of age). Father, mother, and child factors were examined in relation to father caregiving and play. Latent change score models indicated that fathers engaged in more caregiving and play behaviors and increased at a faster rate when they more strongly identified with their role as a father. Fathers engaged in more caregiving when mothers reported higher depressive symptoms and increased in play more slowly when marital conflict was higher. In addition, a Mother Depressive Symptoms × Marital Conflict interaction emerged indicating that fathers differed in their levels of caregiving depending on mothers' report of depressive symptoms, but only when marital conflict was low. Fathers also increased in caregiving at a faster rate with girls than boys. A comprehensive framework for examining resident father involvement is presented. (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

Characterization of active ion transport across primary rabbit corneal epithelial cell layers (RCrECL) cultured at an air-interface.

PubMed

Chang-Lin, Joan-En; Kim, Kwang-Jin; Lee, Vincent H L

2005-06-01

Previously, we reported the development of a primary culture model of tight rabbit corneal epithelial cell layers (RCrECL) characterizing bioelectric parameters, morphology, cytokeratin, and passive permeability. In the present study, we specifically evaluated the active ion transport processes of RCrECL cultured from either pigmented or albino rabbits. Primary cultured RCrECL were grown at an air-interface on Clear-Snapwells precoated with collagen/fibronectin/laminin and mounted in a modified Ussing-type chamber for the evaluation of their active ion transport processes under short-circuited conditions. Contribution of active Na(+) and Cl(-) transport to overall short-circuit current (I(sc)) was evaluated by removing Na(+) and Cl(-), respectively, from bathing fluids of RCrECL and measurements of net fluxes of Na(+) and Cl(-) using (22)Na and (36)Cl, respectively. Amiloride and benzamil were used to determine the role of apical Na(+)-channel activities to net Na(+) fluxes. N-phenylanthranilic acid (NPAA), ouabain, BaCl(2) and bumetanide were used to determine the role of basolateral Na,K-ATPase, apical Cl(-)-channel, and basolateral K(+)-channel and Na(+)(K(+))2Cl(-)-cotransporter activities, respectively, in active ion transport across RCrECL. I(sc) of RCrECL derived from pigmented rabbits was comprised of 64+/-2% and 44+/-5% for active Na(+) and Cl(-) transport, respectively, consistent with net Na(+) absorption and Cl(-) secretion of 0.062+/-0.006 and 0.046+/-0.008 muEq/cm(2)/hr estimated from radionuclide fluxes. Apical amiloride and benzamil inhibited I(sc) by up to approximately 50% with an IC(50) of 1 and 0.1 microm, respectively, consistent with participation of apical epithelial Na(+)-channels to net Na(+) absorption across RCrECL cultured from pigmented rabbits. Addition of ouabain to the basolateral, NPAA to the apical, BaCl(2) to the basolateral and bumetanide to basolateral fluid decreased I(sc) by 86+/-1.5%, 53+/-3%, 18+/-1.8% and 13+/-1.9% in RCrECL cultured from pigmented rabbits, while 85+/-0.7%, 36+/-1.6%, 38+/-1.8% and 15+/-3.5% decreases are observed for RCrECL from albino rabbits, respectively. Air-interface cultured RCrECL from either pigmented or albino rabbits exhibited active ion transport properties similar to those present in excised tissues. This primary culture system may be a reliable in-vitro model for mechanistic characterization of corneal epithelial function and regulation of transport properties.

"Off-On"switching electrochemiluminescence biosensor for mercury(II) detection based on molecular recognition technology.

PubMed

Cheng, Lin; Wei, BingGuo; He, Ling Ling; Mao, Ling; Zhang, Jie; Ceng, JinXiang; Kong, DeRong; Chen, ChaDan; Cui, HanFeng; Hong, Nian; Fan, Hao

2017-02-01

A novel "off-On" electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor has been developed for the detection of mercury(II) based on molecular recognition technology. The ECL mercury(II) biosensor comprises two main parts: an ECL substrate and an ECL intensity switch. The ECL substrate was made by modifying the complex of Ruthenium(II) tris-(bipyridine)(Ru(bpy) 3 2+ )/Cyclodextrins-Au nanoparticles(CD-AuNps)/Nafion on the surface of glass carbon electrode (GCE), and the ECL intensity switch is the single hairpin DNA probe designed according to the "molecular recognition" strategy which was functionalized with ferrocene tag at one end and attached to Cyclodextrins (CD) on modified GCE through supramolecular noncovalent interaction. We demonstrated that, in the absence of Hg(II) ion, the probe keeps single hairpin structure and resulted in a quenching of ECL of Ru(bpy) 3 2+ . Whereas, in the presence of Hg(II) ion, the probe prefers to form the T-Hg(II)-T complex and lead to an obvious recovery of ECL of Ru(bpy) 3 2+ , which provided a sensing platform for the detection of Hg(II) ion. Using this sensing platform, a simple, rapid and selective "off-On" ECL biosensor for the detection of mercury(II) with a detection limit of 0.1 nM has been developed. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Inc.

KMTNet Time-series Photometry of the Doubly Eclipsing Binary Stars Located in the Large Magellanic Cloud

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hong, Kyeongsoo; Koo, Jae-Rim; Lee, Jae Woo; Kim, Seung-Lee; Lee, Chung-Uk; Park, Jang-Ho; Kim, Hyoun-Woo; Lee, Dong-Joo; Kim, Dong-Jin; Han, Cheongho

2018-05-01

We report the results of photometric observations for doubly eclipsing binaries OGLE-LMC-ECL-15674 and OGLE-LMC-ECL-22159, both of which are composed of two pairs (designated A&B) of a detached eclipsing binary located in the Large Magellanic Cloud. The light curves were obtained by high-cadence time-series photometry using the Korea Microlensing Telescope Network 1.6 m telescopes located at three southern sites (CTIO, SAAO, and SSO) between 2016 September and 2017 January. The orbital periods were determined to be 1.433 and 1.387 days for components A and B of OGLE-LMC-ECL-15674, respectively, and 2.988 and 3.408 days for OGLE-LMC-ECL-22159A and B, respectively. Our light curve solutions indicate that the significant changes in the eclipse depths of OGLE-LMC-ECL-15674A and B were caused by variations in their inclination angles. The eclipse timing diagrams of the A and B components of OGLE-LMC-ECL-15674 and OGLE-LMC-ECL-22159 were analyzed using 28, 44, 28, and 26 new times of minimum light, respectively. The apsidal motion period of OGLE-LMC-ECL-15674B was estimated by detailed analysis of eclipse timings for the first time. The detached eclipsing binary OGLE-LMC-ECL-15674B shows a fast apsidal period of 21.5 ± 0.1 years.

When children affect parents: Children's academic performance and parental investment.

PubMed

Yurk Quadlin, Natasha

2015-07-01

Sociologists have extensively documented the ways that parent resources predict children's achievement. However, less is known about whether and how children's academic performance shapes parental investment behaviors. I use data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K) and longitudinal fixed effects models to examine how changes in teacher assessments are related to changes in the conferral of various parent resources. Overall, I find that the relationship between achievement and investment varies based on the directionality in children's achievement and the type of resource at hand. Children whose performance improves receive a broad range of enrichment resources, while declines in performance are met with corrective educational resources. Results are largely consistent whether language or math assessments are used to predict investment, and also among children whose achievement does not change over time. I discuss these patterns, along with implications for the use of parent resources in education and family research. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Does breast-feeding reduce offspring junk food consumption during childhood? Examinations by socio-economic status and race/ethnicity.

PubMed

Jackson, Dylan B; Johnson, Kecia R

2017-06-01

To examine whether breast-feeding duration and socio-economic status (SES) interact to predict junk food consumption among offspring and whether the interaction differs across racial/ethnic groups. Survey research using a longitudinal panel design. Hierarchical linear regression was used to analyse the data. In-home interviews with the child's parents over a 5-year period across the USA. Approximately 10 000 American children from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study: Birth Cohort (ECLS-B). The findings revealed that longer breast-feeding durations correspond to lower levels of junk food consumption, but that this relationship emerges consistently only among low-SES blacks. Efforts to promote breast-feeding among low-SES black women may have the added benefit of reducing their children's junk food intake, and may thereby promote their general health and well-being. Future research should seek to explore the mechanisms by which breast-feeding might benefit the dietary habits of low-SES black children.

Extracorporeal Life Support for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Adults

PubMed Central

Hemmila, Mark R.; Rowe, Stephen A.; Boules, Tamer N.; Miskulin, Judiann; McGillicuddy, John W.; Schuerer, Douglas J.; Haft, Jonathan W.; Swaniker, Fresca; Arbabi, Saman; Hirschl, Ronald B.; Bartlett, Robert H.

2004-01-01

Objective: Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with a high level of mortality. Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) during severe ARDS maintains oxygen and carbon dioxide gas exchange while providing an optimal environment for recovery of pulmonary function. Since 1989, we have used a protocol-driven algorithm for treatment of severe ARDS, which includes the use of ECLS when standard therapy fails. The objective of this study was to evaluate our experience with ECLS in adult patients with severe ARDS with respect to mortality and morbidity. Methods: We reviewed our complete experience with ELCS in adults from January 1, 1989, through December 31, 2003. Severe ARDS was defined as acute onset pulmonary failure, with bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray, and PaO2/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ratio ≤100 or A-aDO2 >600 mm Hg despite maximal ventilator settings. The indication for ECLS was acute severe ARDS unresponsive to optimal conventional treatment. The technique of ECLS included veno-venous or veno-arterial vascular access, lung “rest” at low FiO2 and inspiratory pressure, minimal anticoagulation, and optimization of systemic oxygen delivery. Results: During the study period, ECLS was used for 405 adult patients age 17 or older. Of these 405 patients, 255 were placed on ECLS for severe ARDS refractory to all other treatment. Sixty-seven percent were weaned off ECLS, and 52% survived to hospital discharge. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the following pre-ELCS variables as significant independent predictors of survival: (1) age (P = 0.01); (2) gender (P = 0.048); (3) pH ≤7.10 (P = 0.01); (4) PaO2/FiO2 ratio (P = 0.03); and (5) days of mechanical ventilation (P < 0.001). None of the patients who survived required permanent mechanical ventilation or supplemental oxygen therapy. Conclusion: Extracorporeal life support for severe ARDS in adults is a successful therapeutic option in those patients who do not respond to conventional mechanical ventilator strategies. PMID:15383787

Highly efficient quenching of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) electrochemiluminescence by ozone using formaldehyde, methylglyoxal, and glyoxalate as co-reactants and its application to ozone sensing.

PubMed

Gao, Ying; Liu, Xiaoyun; Qi, Wenjing; Gao, Wenyue; Li, Yunhui; Xu, Guobao

2015-06-21

Most electrochemiluminescence (ECL) systems require high concentrations of quencher to totally quench ECL. In this study, we found that ozone can quench tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) ECL using formaldehyde, methylglyoxal, or glyoxalate as co-reactants at a glassy carbon electrode with remarkable efficiencies even when the concentration of ozone is merely 0.25% of that of the co-reactant. The strongest quenching is observed with the tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)/formaldehyde ECL system. The tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)/formaldehyde ECL intensities decrease linearly with the ozone concentration over the range of 0.025-25 μM (r = 0.9947) with a limit of detection of 8 nM. The method is more sensitive and faster than most methods. It shows high selectivity in the presence of other ROS or oxidants and some metal ions, such as H2O2, ClO(-), Mg(2+), Ni(2+), etc. The method exhibits high recoveries for the detection of ozone in a ventilated photocopy room.

American Indian and Alaska Native Young Children: Findings from the ECLS-K and ECLS-B Baseline Data. Rural Early Childhood Brief Number 4

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Center for Rural Early Childhood Learning Initiatives - Mississippi State University Early Childhood Institute, 2005

2005-01-01

The National Center for Rural Early Childhood Learning Initiatives at Mississippi State University, known as Rural Early Childhood, commissioned the nonpartisan research organization Child Trends to conduct such an analysis of the ECLS-K and ECLS-B baseline data, focusing on selected indicators related to child and family health and socioeconomic…

Highly sensitive electrochemiluminescence immunosensor based on ABEI/H2O2 system with PFO dots as enhancer for detection of kidney injury molecule-1.

PubMed

Yang, Huiyun; Wang, Haijun; Xiong, Chengyi; Chai, Yaqin; Yuan, Ruo

2018-05-22

In this work, poly[9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl] (PFO) dots is discovered to display an appealing dual enhancement effect for the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) system of N-(aminobutyl)-N-(ethylisoluminol)/hydrogen peroxide (ABEI/H 2 O 2 ), which not only enhances the ECL intensity of ABEI but also catalyzes decomposition of H 2 O 2 to further amplify the ECL signal of ABEI. Owing to the electronegative property of PFO dots, electropositive ABEI-PEI as ECL reagent could be adsorbed on their surface and thus form a novel luminescence emitter (ABEI-PEI-PFO dots) with high ECL efficiency based on electrostatic attraction. Meanwhile, the water solubility and stability of this emitter are improved in virtue of the amine-rich property of ECL reagent (ABEI-PEI), which could increase the luminous efficiency of ECL reaction in aqueous solution. To increase the electron transfer efficiency, Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs) supported on reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (RGOs) via a onepot synthetic strategy are chosen as immobilizing platform for the ECL emitter (ABEI-PEI-PFO dots). Herein, the obtained dual-amplifed ABEI-PEI-PFO dots-RGOs/PtNPs complex is served as an ideal nanocarrier to capture detection antibody (Ab 2 ). According to sandwiched immunoreaction, a highly sensitive ECL immunosensor is constructed for the detection of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) with a linearity from 50 fg mL -1 to 1 ng mL -1 and a detection limit of 16.7 fg mL -1 . The developed ECL emitter combining dual amplified property for signal enhancement purpose would provide new thought and potential for sensitive bioanalysis and clinical application. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Spatial-resolved electrochemiluminescence ratiometry based on bipolar electrode for bioanalysis.

PubMed

Wang, Yin-Zhu; Zhao, Wei; Dai, Pan-Pan; Lu, Hai-Jie; Xu, Jing-Juan; Pan, Jing; Chen, Hong-Yuan

2016-12-15

Herein, a spatial-resolved electrochemiluminescene (ECL) ratiometry based on a closed biopolar electrode (BPE) is reported for the highly sensitive detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA). Au@g-C3N4 NCs as one ECL emitter were firstly coated on the cathode of BPE, while the anode of the BPE served for calibration via another ECL substance, Ru(bpy)3(2+). The electroneutrality across the BPE makes the reactions on each pole of BPE electrically coupled. Thus one electrochemical sensing reaction at one pole of BPE could be quantified at both ends. A composite, Pt-PAMAM-DNAzyme was assembled on the surface of cathode via DNA hybridization between probe DNA and PSA aptamer. It acted as an ECL quencher of g-C3N4 via resonance energy transfer (RET) and catalyzing the reduction of O2, the co-reactant of g-C3N4. Meanwhile, it could promote the ECL of Ru(bpy)3(2+) at anode, since the catalytic reduction of O2 at the cathode increased the faradiac current flowing through the BPE. Based on this signal composite, an ECL "off-on" phenomenon was observed at the cathode, after Pt-PAMAM-DNAzyme was "peeled off" by PSA. Conversely, at the anode, an "on-off" ECL changing was obtained. Therefore, a sensitive ratiometry for PSA detection was achieved with a linear range from 0.10 to 200ng/mL. Since the two ECL emitters were physically separated, the ratiometric system was relatively simple and neither optical filters nor spectrometer were required. The strategy combining the ECL ratiometry and BPE broadens the applications of BPE-ECL and shows good perspective in clinical application. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Induction of HIV-blocking anti-CCR5 IgA in Peyers's patches without histopathological alterations.

PubMed

Pastori, Claudia; Diomede, Lorenzo; Venuti, Assunta; Fisher, Gregory; Jarvik, Jonathan; Bomsel, Morgane; Sanvito, Francesca; Lopalco, Lucia

2014-04-01

The chemokine receptor CCR5 is essential for HIV infection and is thus a potential target for vaccine development. However, because CCR5 is a host protein, generation of anti-CCR5 antibodies requires the breaking of immune tolerance and thus carries the risk of autoimmune responses. In this study, performed in mice, we compared 3 different immunogens representing surface domains of murine CCR5, 4 different adjuvants, and 13 different immunization protocols, with the goal of eliciting HIV-blocking activity without inducing autoimmune dysfunction. In all cases the CCR5 sequences were presented as fusions to the Flock House virus (FHV) capsid precursor protein. We found that systemic immunization and mucosal boosting elicited CCR5-specific antibodies and achieved consistent priming in Peyer's patches, where most cells showed a phenotype corresponding to activated B cells and secreted high levels of IgA, representing up to one-third of the total HIV-blocking activity. Histopathological analysis revealed mild to moderate chronic inflammation in some tissues but failed in reporting signs of autoimmune dysfunction associated with immunizations. Antisera against immunogens representing the N terminus and extracellular loops 1 and 2 (Nter1 and ECL1 and ECL2) of CCR5 were generated. All showed specific anti-HIV activity, which was stronger in the anti-ECL1 and -ECL2 sera than in the anti-Nter sera. ECL1 and ECL2 antisera induced nearly complete long-lasting CCR5 downregulation of the receptor, and especially, their IgG-depleted fractions prevented HIV infection in neutralization and transcytosis assays. In conclusion, the ECL1 and ECL2 domains could offer a promising path to achieve significant anti-HIV activity in vivo. The study was the first to adopt a systematic strategy to compare the immunogenicities of all extracellular domains of the CCR5 molecule and to set optimal conditions leading to generation of specific antibodies in the mouse model. There were several relevant findings, which could be translated into human trials. (i) Prime (systemic) and boost (mucosal) immunization is the best protocol to induce anti-self antibodies with the expected properties. (ii) Aluminum is the best adjuvant in mice and thus can be easily used in nonhuman primates (NHP) and humans. (iii) The Flock House virus (FHV) system represents a valid delivery system, as the structure is well known and is not pathogenic for humans, and it is possible to introduce constrained regions able to elicit antibodies that recognize conformational epitopes. (iv) The best CCR5 vaccine candidate should include either extracellular loop 1 or 2 (ECL1 or ECL2), but not N terminus domains.

CdZnTeS quantum dots based electrochemiluminescent image immunoanalysis.

PubMed

Liang, Xiu-Li; Bao, Ning; Luo, Xiliang; Ding, Shou-Nian

2018-06-05

In this work, quaternary CdZnTeS quantum dots (QDs) with a particularly strong electrochemiluminescence (ECL) were synthesized as ECL signal labels. The strong ECL signals can be obtained at both cathode and anode with the ECL efficiencies of 19.78% and 1.62%, respectively. The sandwich-structured ECL immunosensors for the detection of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and cancer antigen 125 (CA125) were accomplished with direct ECL image analysis. Under optimal conditions, the QDs-based ECL image immunoanalysis possessed good linearity from 0.5 ng/mL to 20 ng/mL for AFP and from 20 U/mL to 500 U/mL for CA125 with the detection limit of 0.1 ng/mL and 6 U/mL, respectively (S/N = 3), and the lower detection limit obtained by photomultiplier tube were 0.1 fg/mL for AFP and 0.03 mU/mL for CA125 with the wide dynamic range from 0.5 fg/mL to 20 ng/mL and from 0.1 mU/mL to 500 U/mL, respectively (S/N = 3). Furthermore, the ECL immunoanalysis was evaluated with commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in human serum samples. The good results indicated that CdZnTeS QDs-based ECL biosensor has great potential for fast biomedical screening and multi-assays in clinical diagnosis. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Extracorporeal Life Support Bridge to Ventricular Assist Device: The Double Bridge Strategy.

PubMed

Marasco, Silvana F; Lo, Casey; Murphy, Deirdre; Summerhayes, Robyn; Quayle, Margaret; Zimmet, Adam; Bailey, Michael

2016-01-01

In patients requiring left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support, it can be difficult to ascertain suitability for long-term mechanical support with LVAD and eventual transplantation. LVAD implantation in a shocked patient is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Interest is growing in the utilization of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) as a bridge-to-bridge support for these critically unwell patients. Here, we reviewed our experience with ECLS double bridging. We hypothesized that ECLS double bridging would stabilize end-organ dysfunction and reduce ventricular assist device (VAD) implant perioperative mortality. We conducted a retrospective review of prospectively collected data for 58 consecutive patients implanted with a continuous-flow LVAD between January 2010 and December 2013 at The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Twenty-three patients required ECLS support pre-LVAD while 35 patients underwent LVAD implantation without an ECLS bridge. Preoperative morbidity in the ECLS bridge group was reflected by increased postoperative intensive care duration, blood loss, blood product use, and postoperative renal failure, but without negative impact upon survival when compared with the no ECLS group. ECLS stabilization improved end-organ function pre-VAD implant with significant improvements in hepatic and renal dysfunction. This series demonstrates that the use of ECLS bridge to VAD stabilizes end-organ dysfunction and reduces VAD implant perioperative mortality from that traditionally reported in these "crash and burn" patients. Copyright © 2015 International Center for Artificial Organs and Transplantation and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Infection of CD4{sup +} T lymphocytes by the human T cell leukemia virus type 1 is mediated by the glucose transporter GLUT-1: Evidence using antibodies specific to the receptor's large extracellular domain

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jin, Qingwen; Agrawal, Lokesh; VanHorn-Ali, Zainab

2006-05-25

To analyze HTLV-1 cytotropism, we developed a highly sensitive vaccinia virus-based assay measuring activation of a reporter gene upon fusion of two distinct cell populations. We used this system in a functional cDNA screening to isolate and confirm that the glucose transporter protein 1 (GLUT-1) is a receptor for HTLV-1. GLUT-1 is a ubiquitously expressed plasma membrane glycoprotein with 12 transmembrane domains and 6 extracellular loops (ECL). We demonstrate for the first time that peptide antibodies (GLUT-IgY) raised in chicken to the large extracellular loop (ECL1) detect GLUT-1 at the cell surface and inhibit envelope (Env)-mediated fusion and infection. Efficientmore » GLUT-IgY staining was detected with peripheral blood CD4{sup +} lymphocytes purified by positive selection. Further, GLUT-IgY caused efficient inhibition of Env-mediated fusion and infection of CD4{sup +} T and significantly lower inhibition of CD8{sup +} T lymphocytes. The specificity of GLUT-IgY antibodies to GLUT-1 was demonstrated by ECL1 peptide competition studies. Grafting ECL1 of GLUT-1 onto the receptor-negative GLUT-3 conferred significant receptor activity. In contrast, grafting ECL1 of GLUT-3 onto GLUT-1 resulted in a significant loss of the receptor activity. The ECL1-mediated receptor activity was efficiently blocked with four different human monoclonal antibody (HMab) to HTLV-1 Env. The ECL1-derived peptide blocked HTLV-1 Env-mediated fusion with several nonhuman mammalian cell lines. The results demonstrate the utilization of cell surface GLUT-1 in HTLV-1 infection of CD4{sup +} T lymphocytes and implicate a critical role for the ECL1 region in viral tropism.« less

Extracorporeal life support in lung and heart-lung transplantation for pulmonary hypertension in adults.

PubMed

Kortchinsky, Talna; Mussot, Sacha; Rezaiguia, Saïda; Artiguenave, Margaux; Fadel, Elie; Stephan, François

2016-09-01

After bilateral lung and heart-lung transplantation in adults with pulmonary hypertension, hemodynamic and oxygenation deficiencies are life-threatening complications that are increasingly managed with extracorporeal life support (ECLS). The primary aim of this retrospective study was to assess 30-day and 1-year survival rates in patients managed with vs without post-operative venoarterial ECLS in 2008-2013. The secondary endpoints were the occurrence rates of nosocomial infection, bleeding, and acute renal failure. Of the 93 patients with pulmonary hypertension who received heart-lung (n=29) or bilateral lung (n=64) transplants, 28 (30%) required ECLS a median of 0 [0-6] hours after surgery completion and for a median of 3.0 [2.0-8.5] days. Compared to ECLS patients, controls had higher survival at 30 days (95.0% vs 78.5%; P=.02) and 1 year (83% vs 64%; P=.005), fewer nosocomial infections (48% vs 79%; P=.0006), and fewer bleeding events (17% vs 43%; P=.008). The need for renal replacement therapy was not different between groups (11% vs 17%; P=.54). Venoarterial ECLS is effective in treating pulmonary graft dysfunction with hemodynamic failure after heart-lung or bilateral lung. However, ECLS use was associated with higher rates of infection and bleeding. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Recent development of electrochemiluminescence sensors for food analysis.

PubMed

Hao, Nan; Wang, Kun

2016-10-01

Food quality and safety are closely related to human health. In the face of unceasing food safety incidents, various analytical techniques, such as mass spectrometry, chromatography, spectroscopy, and electrochemistry, have been applied in food analysis. High sensitivity usually requires expensive instruments and complicated procedures. Although these modern analytical techniques are sensitive enough to ensure food safety, sometimes their applications are limited because of the cost, usability, and speed of analysis. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a powerful analytical technique that is attracting more and more attention because of its outstanding performance. In this review, the mechanisms of ECL and common ECL luminophores are briefly introduced. Then an overall review of the principles and applications of ECL sensors for food analysis is provided. ECL can be flexibly combined with various separation techniques. Novel materials (e.g., various nanomaterials) and strategies (e.g., immunoassay, aptasensors, and microfluidics) have been progressively introduced into the design of ECL sensors. By illustrating some selected representative works, we summarize the state of the art in the development of ECL sensors for toxins, heavy metals, pesticides, residual drugs, illegal additives, viruses, and bacterias. Compared with other methods, ECL can provide rapid, low-cost, and sensitive detection for various food contaminants in complex matrixes. However, there are also some limitations and challenges. Improvements suited to the characteristics of food analysis are still necessary.

Martial arts as a mental health intervention for children? Evidence from the ECLS-K

PubMed Central

Strayhorn, Joseph M; Strayhorn, Jillian C

2009-01-01

Background Martial arts studios for children market their services as providing mental health outcomes such as self-esteem, self-confidence, concentration, and self-discipline. It appears that many parents enroll their children in martial arts in hopes of obtaining such outcomes. The current study used the data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten class of 1998-1999, to assess the effects of martial arts upon such outcomes as rated by classroom teachers. Methods The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study used a multistage probability sampling design to gather a sample representative of U.S. children attending kindergarten beginning 1998. We made use of data collected in the kindergarten, 3rd grade, and 5th grade years. Classroom behavior was measured by a rating scale completed by teachers; participation in martial arts was assessed as part of a parent interview. The four possible combinations of participation and nonparticipation in martial arts at time 1 and time 2 for each analysis were coded into three dichotomous variables; the set of three variables constituted the measure of participation studied through regression. Multiple regression was used to estimate the association between martial arts participation and change in classroom behavior from one measurement occasion to the next. The change from kindergarten to third grade was studied as a function of martial arts participation, and the analysis was replicated studying behavior change from third grade to fifth grade. Cohen's f2 effect sizes were derived from these regressions. Results The martial arts variable failed to show a statistically significant effect on behavior, in either of the regression analyses; in fact, the f2 effect size for martial arts was 0.000 for both analyses. The 95% confidence intervals for regression coefficients for martial arts variables have upper and lower bounds that are all close to zero. The analyses not only fail to reject the null hypothesis, but also render unlikely a population effect size that differs greatly from zero. Conclusion The data from the ECLS-K fail to support enrolling children in martial arts to improve mental health outcomes as measured by classroom teachers. PMID:19828027

Martial arts as a mental health intervention for children? Evidence from the ECLS-K.

PubMed

Strayhorn, Joseph M; Strayhorn, Jillian C

2009-10-14

Martial arts studios for children market their services as providing mental health outcomes such as self-esteem, self-confidence, concentration, and self-discipline. It appears that many parents enroll their children in martial arts in hopes of obtaining such outcomes. The current study used the data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten class of 1998-1999, to assess the effects of martial arts upon such outcomes as rated by classroom teachers. The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study used a multistage probability sampling design to gather a sample representative of U.S. children attending kindergarten beginning 1998. We made use of data collected in the kindergarten, 3rd grade, and 5th grade years. Classroom behavior was measured by a rating scale completed by teachers; participation in martial arts was assessed as part of a parent interview. The four possible combinations of participation and nonparticipation in martial arts at time 1 and time 2 for each analysis were coded into three dichotomous variables; the set of three variables constituted the measure of participation studied through regression. Multiple regression was used to estimate the association between martial arts participation and change in classroom behavior from one measurement occasion to the next. The change from kindergarten to third grade was studied as a function of martial arts participation, and the analysis was replicated studying behavior change from third grade to fifth grade. Cohen's f2 effect sizes were derived from these regressions. The martial arts variable failed to show a statistically significant effect on behavior, in either of the regression analyses; in fact, the f2 effect size for martial arts was 0.000 for both analyses. The 95% confidence intervals for regression coefficients for martial arts variables have upper and lower bounds that are all close to zero. The analyses not only fail to reject the null hypothesis, but also render unlikely a population effect size that differs greatly from zero. The data from the ECLS-K fail to support enrolling children in martial arts to improve mental health outcomes as measured by classroom teachers.

Child Care Subsidies and School Readiness in Kindergarten

PubMed Central

Johnson, Anna D; Martin, Anne; Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne

2013-01-01

The federal child care subsidy program represents one of the government’s largest investments in early care and education. Using data from the nationally representative Early Childhood Longitudinal Study – Birth Cohort (ECLS-B), this paper examines associations, among subsidy-eligible families, between child care subsidy receipt when children are 4 years old and a range of school readiness outcomes in kindergarten (sample n ≈ 1,400). Findings suggest that subsidy receipt in preschool is not directly linked to subsequent reading or social-emotional skills. However, subsidy receipt predicted lower math scores among children attending community-based centers. Supplementary analyses revealed that subsidies predicted greater use of center care, but this association did not appear to affect school readiness. PMID:23461769

International Space Station Environmental Control and Life Support System Acceptance Testing for Node 1 Temperature and Humidity Control Subsystem

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, David E.

2011-01-01

The International Space Station (ISS) Node 1 Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) System is comprised of five subsystems: Atmosphere Control and Storage (ACS), Atmosphere Revitalization (AR), Fire Detection and Suppression (FDS), Temperature and Humidity Control (THC), and Water Recovery and Management (WRM). This paper will provide a summary of the Node 1 ECLS THC subsystem design and a detailed discussion of the ISS ECLS Acceptance Testing methodology utilized for this subsystem.The International Space Station (ISS) Node 1 Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) System is comprised of five subsystems: Atmosphere Control and Storage (ACS), Atmosphere Revitalization (AR), Fire Detection and Suppression (FDS), Temperature and Humidity Control (THC), and Water Recovery and Management (WRM). This paper will provide a summary of the Node 1 ECLS THC subsystem design and a detailed discussion of the ISS ECLS Acceptance Testing methodology utilized for this subsystem.

Fundamental electrochemiluminescence characteristics of fluorine-doped tin oxides synthesized by sol-gel combustion.

PubMed

Moon, B H; Chaoumead, A; Sung, Y M

2013-10-01

Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) materials synthesized by sol-gel combustion method were investigated for electrochemical luminescence (ECL) application. Effects of sol-gel combustion conditions on the structures and morphology of the porous FTO (p-FTO) materials were studied. ECL efficiency of p-FTO-based cell was about 251 cd/m2 at 4 V bias, which is higher than the sell using only FTO electrodes (102.8 cd/m2). The highest intensity of the emitting light was obtained at the wavelength of about 610 nm. The porous FTO layer was effective for increasing ECL intensities.

Extended duration Orbiter life support definition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kleiner, G. N.; Thompson, C. D.

1978-01-01

Extending the baseline seven-day Orbiter mission to 30 days or longer and operating with a solar power module as the primary source for electrical power requires changes to the existing environmental control and life support (ECLS) system. The existing ECLS system imposes penalties on longer missions which limit the Orbiter capabilities and changes are required to enhance overall mission objectives. Some of these penalties are: large quantities of expendables, the need to dump or store large quantities of waste material, the need to schedule fuel cell operation, and a high landing weight penalty. This paper presents the study ground rules and examines the limitations of the present ECLS system against Extended Duration Orbiter mission requirements. Alternate methods of accomplishing ECLS functions for the Extended Duration Orbiter are discussed. The overall impact of integrating these options into the Orbiter are evaluated and significant Orbiter weight and volume savings with the recommended approaches are described.

The environmental control and life-support system for a lunar base: What drives its design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hypes, Warren D.; Hall, John B., Jr.

1992-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to identify and briefly discuss some of the ground rules and mission scenario details that become drivers of the environmental control and life support (ECLS) system design and of the logistics related to the design. This paper is written for mission planners and non-ECLS system engineers to inform them of the details that will be important to the ECLS engineer when the design phase is reached. In addition, examples illustrate the impact of some selected mission characteristics on the logistics associated with ECLS systems. The last section of this paper focuses on the ECLS system technology development sequence and highlights specific portions that need emphasis.

Procedures for Empirical Determination of En-Route Criterion Levels.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moncrief, Michael H.

En-route Criterion Levels (ECLs) are defined as decision rules for predicting pupil readiness to advance through an instructional sequence. This study investigated the validity of present ELCs in an individualized mathematics program and tested procedures for empirically determining optimal ECLs. Retest scores and subsequent progress were…

Development of simulated and ovine models of extracorporeal life support to improve understanding of circuit-host interactions.

PubMed

Shekar, Kiran; Fung, Yoke L; Diab, Sara; Mullany, Daniel V; McDonald, Charles I; Dunster, Kimble R; Fisquet, Stephanie; Platts, David G; Stewart, David; Wallis, Steven C; Smith, Maree T; Roberts, Jason A; Fraser, John F

2012-06-01

Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is a lifesaving technology that is being increasingly used in patients with severe cardiorespiratory failure. However, ECLS is not without risks. The biosynthetic interface between the patient and the circuit can significantly alter inflammation, coagulation, pharmacokinetics and disposition of trace elements. The relative contributions of the pump, disease and patient in propagating these alterations are difficult to quantify in critically ill patients with multiple organ failure. To design a model where the relevance of individual components could be assessed, in isolation and in combination. Four ECLS models were developed and tested - an in-vitro simulated ECLS circuit; and ECLS in healthy sheep, sheep with acute lung injury (ALI), and sheep with ALI together with transfusion of old or new blood. Successful design of in-vitro and in-vivo models. We successfully conducted multiple experiments in the simulated circuits and ECLS runs in healthy and ALI sheep. We obtained preliminary data on inflammation, coagulation, histology, pharmacokinetics and trace element disposition during ECLS. The establishment of in-vitro and in-vivo models provides a powerful means for enhancing knowledge of the pathophysiology associated with ECLS and identification of key factors likely to influence patient outcomes. A clearer description of the contribution of disease and therapeutic interventions may allow improved design of equipment, membranes, medicines and physiological goals for improved patient care.

Early Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Patients Infected With Leishmania braziliensis Express Increased Inflammatory Responses After Antimony Therapy.

PubMed

Costa, Rúbia S; Carvalho, Lucas P; Campos, Taís M; Magalhães, Andréa S; Passos, Sara T; Schriefer, Albert; Silva, Juliana A; Lago, Ednaldo; Paixão, Camilla S; Machado, Paulo; Scott, Phillip; Carvalho, Edgar M

2018-02-14

Early cutaneous leishmaniasis (ECL) is characterized by a nonulcerated papular lesion and illness duration less than 30 days. Approximately 4 weeks later, the cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) ulcers appear. We were surprised to find that failure after antimony therapy (Sb5) is higher in ECL than CL. We hypothesize that the inflammatory response in ECL patients may increase during Sb5 therapy, which leads to treatment failure. A cohort of 44 ECL patients infected by Leishmania braziliensis was established to evaluate the response to Sb5 and to compare immunologic responses in ECL patients with CL and healthy subjects. A hierarchical clustering based on cytokine levels showed a weak positive correlation between proinflammatory cytokine levels and those patients that failed Sb5 treatment. Although Sb5 therapy decreased interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor levels in CL patients, we were surprised to find that an increase in these cytokines was observed in ECL patients. Moreover, interleukin (IL)-10 was less able to down-modulate immune responses in ECL. The enhanced production of proinflammatory cytokines, due in part to the decreased ability of IL-10 to down-modulate immune response during therapy in ECL, promotes the development and persistence of leishmania ulcer despite antimony therapy. © The Author(s) 2017. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Morphology-Controlled 9,10-Diphenylanthracene Nanoblocks as Electrochemiluminescence Emitters for MicroRNA Detection with One-Step DNA Walker Amplification.

PubMed

Liu, Jia-Li; Tang, Zhi-Ling; Zhang, Jia-Qi; Chai, Ya-Qin; Zhuo, Ying; Yuan, Ruo

2018-04-17

The electrochemiluminescence (ECL) properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are excellent on account of the high photoluminescence quantum yield. However, the poor solubility and radical instability of PAHs in the aqueous solution severely restricted further biological application. Here 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) nanoblocks (NBs) with good dispersibility and stability in aqueous solution were prepared according to morphology-controlled technology employing water-soluble polymers as a protectant. Furthermore, an ECL "off-on" switch biosensor was developed based on a novel ECL ternary system with DPA NBs as luminophore, dissolved O 2 as coreactant, and Pt-Ag alloy nanoflowers as the coreaction accelerator, which achieved a high-intense initial ECL signal. Subsequently, the Fc-DNA as ECL signal quencher was assembled on the electrode surface to quench the initial ECL signal for a "signal-off" state. Meanwhile, DNA swing arm was modified on the electrode surface for one-step DNA walker amplification. Interestingly, in the presence of miRNA-141 and T7 Exo, the one-step DNA walker amplification was executed to recover a strong ECL signal as a "signal-on" state by the digestion of Fc-DNA. Thus the developed ECL "off-on" switch biosensor possesses a detection limit down to 29.5 aM for ultrasensitive detection of miRNA-141, which is expected to be applicable to the detection of miRNA in clinic tumor cells.

Efficient double-quenching of electrochemiluminescence from CdS:Eu QDs by hemin-graphene-Au nanorods ternary composite for ultrasensitive immunoassay

PubMed Central

Liu, Jing; Cui, Meirong; Zhou, Hong; Zhang, Shusheng

2016-01-01

A novel ternary composite of hemin-graphene-Au nanorods (H-RGO-Au NRs) with high electrocatalytic activity was synthesized by a simple method. And this ternary composite was firstly used in construction of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor due to its double-quenching effect of quantum dots (QDs). Based on the high electrocatalytic activity of ternary complexes for the reduction of H2O2 which acted as the coreactant of QDs-based ECL, as a result, the ECL intensity of QDs decreased. Besides, due to the ECL resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) strategy between the large amount of Au nanorods (Au NRs) on the ternary composite surface and the CdS:Eu QDs, the ECL intensity of QDs was further quenched. Based on the double-quenching effect, a novel ultrasensitive ECL immunoassay method for detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) which is used as a model biomarker analyte was proposed. The designed immunoassay method showed a linear range from 0.01 pg mL−1 to 1.0 ng mL−1 with a detection limit of 0.01 pg mL−1. The method showing low detection limit, good stability and acceptable fabrication reproducibility, provided a new approach for ECL immunoassay sensing and significant prospect for practical application. PMID:27460868

Morphology of tracheal scar after resection with CO2-laser and high-frequency cutting loop. A study in normal pigs.

PubMed

Vorre, P; Illum, P; Oster, S; Reske-Nielsen, E; Larsen, K B

1989-01-01

In 6 pigs a bronchoscopical resection of the tracheal mucosa was performed using CO2-laser on one side, and an electric high-frequency cutting loop (ECL) on the other. The pigs were sacrificed 3 months later. On macroscopic examination the tracheal mucosa appeared almost normal on the laser-resected side, while severe deformation was seen after ECL treatment. Microscopically the respiratory epithelium had regenerated irrespective of the instrument used. After laser resection the subepithelial tissue had a normal width and consisted of collagen fibrils with few vessels and sparse fragmented elastic tissue. The cartilage showed necrosis and pericellular fibrosis. The scar tissue after ECL was a broad cellular and richly vascularized connective tissue. The content of elastic fibres was markedly greater than after laser resection. The cartilage showed small irregular necroses lined by pyknotic nuclei. In neither case had the gland regenerated. Both CO2-laser and ECL caused severe (but not identical) damage to the tissue, clearly visible after 3 months. However, the deformation caused by ECL was not seen at the laser-resected sites, which makes the laser technique seem preferable--where economy permits.

The effects of father involvement during pregnancy on receipt of prenatal care and maternal smoking.

PubMed

Martin, Laurie T; McNamara, Michelle J; Milot, Alyssa S; Halle, Tamara; Hair, Elizabeth C

2007-11-01

To examine whether women whose partners are involved in their pregnancy are more likely to receive early prenatal care and reduce cigarette consumption over the course of the pregnancy. This study also examines sociodemographic predictors of father involvement during pregnancy. Data on 5,404 women and their partners from the first wave of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (ECLS-B) were used to examine the association between father involvement during pregnancy and maternal behaviors during pregnancy. Multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were used and data were weighted to account for the complex survey design of the ECLS-B. Women whose partners were involved in their pregnancy were 1.5 times more likely to receive prenatal care in the first trimester and, among those who smoked at conception, to reduce their cigarette consumption 36% more than women whose partners were not involved in the pregnancy (p = .09). Fathers with less than a high school education were significantly less likely to be involved in their partner's pregnancy, while first-time fathers and fathers who reported wanting the pregnancy were significantly more likely to be involved. The positive benefits of father involvement often reported in the literature on child health and development can be extended into the prenatal period. Father involvement is an important, but understudied, predictor of maternal behaviors during the prenatal period, and improving father involvement may have important consequences for the health of his partner, her pregnancy, and their child.

Impella 5.0 as a Second-Line Mechanical Circulatory Support Strategy After Extracorporeal Life Support.

PubMed

Schibilsky, David; Kruger, Tobias; Lausberg, Henning F; Eisenlohr, Christoph; Haller, Christoph; Nemeth, Attila; Schibilsky, Barbara; Haeberle, Helene; Rosenberger, Peter; Walker, Tobias; Schlensak, Christian

2016-09-01

The catheter-based Impella 5.0 left ventricular assist device is a powerful and less invasive alternative for patients in cardiogenic shock. The use as second-line therapy in patients with precedent extracorporeal life support (ECLS) has not been described before now. We analyzed our experience of consecutive patients treated with this alternative strategy. From April 2014 to December 2014, eight patients had been implanted as a second-line option after ECLS support. The reason for the change from ECLS to Impella 5.0 was absence of cardiac recovery for primary weaning and complications of ECLS therapy. The mean time of ECLS support prior to Impella implantation was 12 ± 7 days. The implantation of the Impella 5.0/CP was technically successful in all patients, and the ECLS could be explanted in all eight patients who received Impella implantation as a second-line treatment. The second-line Impella 5.0 therapy resulted in two patients who turned into left ventricular assist device (LVAD) candidates, two primary weaning candidates, and four patients who died in the setting of sepsis or absent cardiac recovery and contraindications for durable LVAD therapy. Thereby, the overall hospital discharge survival as well as the 180-day survival was 50% for Impella 5.0 implantations as second-line procedure after ECLS. The latest follow-up survival of this second-line strategy after ECLS was three out of eight, as one patient died after 299 days of LVAD support due to sepsis. The use of Impella 5.0 constitutes a possible second-line therapeutic option for those patients who do not show cardiac recovery during prolonged ECLS support or suffer from complications of ECLS therapy. This treatment allows additional time for decisions regarding cardiac recovery or indication for durable LVAD therapy. © 2016 International Center for Artificial Organs and Transplantation and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Three-dimensional paper-based electrochemiluminescence immunodevice for multiplexed measurement of biomarkers and point-of-care testing.

PubMed

Ge, Lei; Yan, Jixian; Song, Xianrang; Yan, Mei; Ge, Shenguang; Yu, Jinghua

2012-02-01

In this work, electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassay was introduced into the recently proposed microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPADs) based on directly screen-printed electrodes on paper for the very first time. The screen-printed paper-electrodes will be more important for further development of this paper-based ECL device in simple, low-cost and disposable application than commercialized ones. To further perform high-performance, high-throughput, simple and inexpensive ECL immunoassay on μPAD for point-of-care testing, a wax-patterned three-dimensional (3D) paper-based ECL device was demonstrated for the very first time. In this 3D paper-based ECL device, eight carbon working electrodes including their conductive pads were screen-printed on a piece of square paper and shared the same Ag/AgCl reference and carbon counter electrodes on another piece of square paper after stacking. Using typical tris-(bipyridine)-ruthenium (Ⅱ) - tri-n-propylamine ECL system, the application test of this 3D paper-based ECL device was performed through the diagnosis of four tumor markers in real clinical serum samples. With the aid of a facile device-holder and a section-switch assembled on the analyzer, eight working electrodes were sequentially placed into the circuit to trigger the ECL reaction in the sweeping range from 0.5 to 1.1 V at room temperature. In addition, this 3D paper-based ECL device can be easily integrated and combined with the recently emerging paper electronics to further develop simple, sensitive, low-cost, disposable and portable μPAD for point-of-care testing, public health and environmental monitoring in remote regions, developing or developed countries. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Extracorporeal life support as a bridge to lung transplantation-experience of a high-volume transplant center.

PubMed

Hoetzenecker, Konrad; Donahoe, Laura; Yeung, Jonathan C; Azad, Sassan; Fan, Eddy; Ferguson, Niall D; Del Sorbo, Lorenzo; de Perrot, Marc; Pierre, Andrew; Yasufuku, Kazuhiro; Singer, Lianne; Waddell, Thomas K; Keshavjee, Shaf; Cypel, Marcelo

2018-03-01

Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is increasingly used to bridge deteriorating patients awaiting lung transplantation (LTx), however, few systematic descriptions of this practice exist. We therefore aimed to review our institutional experience over the past 10 years. In this case series, we included all adults who received ECLS with the intent to bridge to LTx. Data were retrieved from patient charts and our institutional ECLS and transplant databases. Between January 2006 and September 2016, 1111 LTx were performed in our institution. ECLS was used in 71 adults with the intention to bridge to LTx; of these, 11 (16%) were bridged to retransplantation. The median duration of ECLS before LTx was 10 days (range, 0-95). We used a single dual-lumen venous cannula in 23 patients (32%). Nine of 13 patients (69%) with pulmonary hypertension were bridged by central pulmonary artery to left atrium Novalung. Twenty-five patients (35%) were extubated while on ECLS and 26 patients (37%) were mobilized. Sixty-three patients (89%) survived to LTx. Survival by intention to treat was 66% (1 year), 58% (3 years) and 48% (5 years). Survival was significantly shorter in patients undergoing ECLS bridge to retransplantation compared with first LTx (median survival, 15 months (95% CI, 0-31) versus 60 months (95% CI, 37-83); P = .041). In our center experience, ECLS bridge to first lung transplant leads to good short-term and long-term outcomes in carefully selected patients. In contrast, our data suggest that ECLS as a bridge to retransplantation should be used with caution. Copyright © 2017 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.

Development of Electrochemiluminescent Serology Assays to Measure the Humoral Response to Antigens of Respiratory Syncytial Virus.

PubMed

Maifeld, Sarah V; Ro, Bodrey; Mok, Hoyin; Chu, Marla; Yu, Li; Yamagata, Ryan; Leonardson, Tansy; Chio, Vera; Parhy, Bandita; Park, Samuel; Carlson, Marcia; Machhi, Shushil; Ulbrandt, Nancy; Falsey, Ann R; Walsh, Edward E; Wang, C Kathy; Esser, Mark T; Zuo, Fengrong

2016-01-01

Sensitive and precise serology assays are needed to measure the humoral response to antigens of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) following natural infection or vaccination. We developed and evaluated a collection of electrochemiluminescent (ECL) serology assays using four RSV antigens (F, N, Ga and Gb). To assess the merits of ECL technology, the four ECL serology assays were evaluated using a well-characterized "gold standard" panel of acute and convalescent serum samples from fifty-nine RSV-positive and thirty RSV-negative elderly subjects (≥65 years old). The combined results from the four ECL assays demonstrated good concordance to the "gold standard" diagnosis, reaching 95% diagnostic sensitivity and 100% diagnostic specificity. Additionally, a combination of ECL assays provided higher diagnostic sensitivity than a commercially available diagnostic ELISA or cell-based microneutralization assay. In summary, these data demonstrate the advantages of using ECL-based serology assays and highlight their use as a sensitive diagnostic approach to detect recent RSV infection in an elderly population.

Hand-drawn&written pen-on-paper electrochemiluminescence immunodevice powered by rechargeable battery for low-cost point-of-care testing.

PubMed

Yang, Hongmei; Kong, Qingkun; Wang, Shaowei; Xu, Jinmeng; Bian, Zhaoquan; Zheng, Xiaoxiao; Ma, Chao; Ge, Shenguang; Yu, Jinghua

2014-11-15

In this paper, a pen-on-paper electrochemiluminescence (PoP-ECL) device was entirely hand drawn and written in commercially available crayon and pencil in turn for the first time, and a constant potential-triggered sandwich-type immunosensor was introduced into the PoP-ECL device to form a low-cost ECL immunodevice proof. Each PoP-ECL device contained a hydrophilic paper channel and two PoP electrodes, and the PoP-ECL device was produced as follows: crayon was firstly used to draw hydrophobic regions on pure cellulose paper to create the hydrophilic paper channels followed with a baking treatment, and then a 6B-type black pencil with low resistivity was applied for precision writing, as the PoP electrodes, across the hydrophilic paper channel. For further point-of-care testing, a portable, low-cost rechargeable battery was employed as the power source to provide constant potential to the PoP electrodes to trigger the ECL. Using Carbohydrate antigen 199 as model analyte, this PoP-ECL immunodevice showed a good linear response range from 0.01-200 U mL(-1) with a detection limit of 0.0055 U mL(-1), a high sensitivity and stability. The proposed PoP-ECL immunodevice could be used in point-of-care testing of other tumor markers for remote regions and developing countries. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Testing equivalence of mediating models of income, parenting, and school readiness for white, black, and Hispanic children in a national sample.

PubMed

Raver, C Cybele; Gershoff, Elizabeth T; Aber, J Lawrence

2007-01-01

This paper examines complex models of the associations between family income, material hardship, parenting, and school readiness among White, Black, and Hispanic 6-year-olds, using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K). It is critical to test the universality of such complex models, particularly given their implications for intervention, prevention, and public policy. Therefore this study asks: Do measures and models of low income and early school readiness indicators fit differently or similarly for White, Black, and Hispanic children? Measurement equivalence of material hardship, parent stress, parenting behaviors, child cognitive skills, and child social competence is first tested. Model equivalence is then tested by examining whether category membership in a race/ethnic group moderates associations between predictors and young children's school readiness.

Examining the validity of the family investment and stress models and relationship to children's school readiness across five cultural groups.

PubMed

Iruka, Iheoma U; Laforett, Doré R; Odom, Erika C

2012-06-01

Using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS-B) dataset, this study examined whether the family investment and the family stress models generalized to non-European American (EA) families. Specifically, we examined whether parenting processes mediated the association between family demographics and children's school readiness, and whether the pathways vary across cultural groups. Both models were most salient for EAs followed by African Americans (AAs) and Spanish-speaking Hispanics, but less so for English-speaking Hispanics (EHs) and Asian Americans. Findings indicated that sensitive parenting was a salient mediator between family demographics and children's school readiness for all groups except EHs; negative parenting and parent-child activities were salient mediators for EAs only. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved.

Testing Equivalence of Mediating Models of Income, Parenting, and School Readiness for White, Black, and Hispanic Children in a National Sample

PubMed Central

Raver, C. Cybele; Gershoff, Elizabeth T.; Aber, J. Lawrence

2010-01-01

This paper examines complex models of the associations between family income, material hardship, parenting, and school readiness among White, Black, and Hispanic 6-year-olds, using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study – Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS – K). It is critical to test the universality of such complex models, particularly given their implications for intervention, prevention, and public policy. Therefore this study asks: Do measures and models of low income and early school readiness indicators fit differently or similarly for White, Black, and Hispanic children? Measurement equivalence of material hardship, parent stress, parenting behaviors, child cognitive skills, and child social competence is first tested. Model equivalence is then tested by examining whether category membership in a race/ethnic group moderates associations between predictors and young children’s school readiness. PMID:17328695

A biosensor for cholesterol based on gold nanoparticles-catalyzed luminol electrogenerated chemiluminescence.

PubMed

Zhang, Meihe; Yuan, Ruo; Chai, Yaqin; Chen, Shihong; Zhong, Huaan; Wang, Cun; Cheng, Yinfeng

2012-02-15

A novel cholesterol biosensor was prepared based on gold nanoparticles-catalyzed luminol electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL). Firstly, l-cysteine-reduced graphene oxide composites were modified on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode. Then, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were self-assembled on it. Subsequently, cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) was adsorbed on the surface of AuNPs to construct a cholesterol biosensor. The stepwise fabrication processes were characterized with cyclic voltammetry and atomic force microscopy. The ECL behaviors of the biosensor were also investigated. It was found that AuNPs not only provided larger surface area for higher ChOx loading but also formed the nano-structured interface on the electrode surface to improve the analytical performance of the ECL biosensor for cholesterol. Besides, based on the efficient catalytic ability of AuNPs to luminol ECL, the response of the biosensor to cholesterol was linear range from 3.3 μM to 1.0 mM with a detection limit of 1.1 μM (S/N=3). In addition, the prepared ECL biosensor exhibited satisfying reproducibility, stability and selectivity. Taking into account the advantages of ECL, we confidently expect that ECL would have potential applications in biotechnology and clinical diagnosis. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Signal-enhancer molecules encapsulated liposome as a valuable sensing and amplification platform combining the aptasensor for ultrasensitive ECL immunoassay.

PubMed

Mao, Li; Yuan, Ruo; Chai, Yaqin; Zhuo, Ying; Xiang, Yun

2011-06-15

An innovatory ECL immunoassay strategy was proposed to detect the newly developing heart failure biomarker N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Firstly, this strategy used small molecules encapsulated liposome as immune label to construct a sandwich immune sensing platform for NT-proBNP. Then the ECL aptasensor was prepared to collect and detect the small molecules released from the liposome. Finally, based on the ECL signal changes caused by the small molecules, the ECL signal indirectly reflected the level of NT-proBNP antigen. In this experiment, the cocaine was chosen as the proper small molecule that can act as signal-enhancer to enhance the ECL of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+). The cocaine-encapsulated liposomes were successfully characterized by TEM. The quantificational calculation proved the ∼5.3×10(3) cocaine molecules per liposome enough to perform the assignment of signal amplification. The cocaine-binding ECL aptasensor further promoted the work aimed at amplifying signal. The performance of NT-proBNP assay by the proposed strategy exhibited high sensitivity and high specificities with a linear relationship over 0.01-500 ng mL(-1) range, and a detection limit down to 0.77 pg mL(-1). Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

GalaxyGPCRloop: Template-Based and Ab Initio Structure Sampling of the Extracellular Loops of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors.

PubMed

Won, Jonghun; Lee, Gyu Rie; Park, Hahnbeom; Seok, Chaok

2018-06-07

The second extracellular loops (ECL2s) of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are often involved in GPCR functions, and their structures have important implications in drug discovery. However, structure prediction of ECL2 is difficult because of its long length and the structural diversity among different GPCRs. In this study, a new ECL2 conformational sampling method involving both template-based and ab initio sampling was developed. Inspired by the observation of similar ECL2 structures of closely related GPCRs, a template-based sampling method employing loop structure templates selected from the structure database was developed. A new metric for evaluating similarity of the target loop to templates was introduced for template selection. An ab initio loop sampling method was also developed to treat cases without highly similar templates. The ab initio method is based on the previously developed fragment assembly and loop closure method. A new sampling component that takes advantage of secondary structure prediction was added. In addition, a conserved disulfide bridge restraining ECL2 conformation was predicted and analytically incorporated into sampling, reducing the effective dimension of the conformational search space. The sampling method was combined with an existing energy function for comparison with previously reported loop structure prediction methods, and the benchmark test demonstrated outstanding performance.

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence. 58. Ligand-sensitized electrogenerated chemiluminescence in europium labels

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Richter, M.M.; Bard, A.J.

The electrochemistry and electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) of a series of europium chelates, cryptates, and mixed-ligand chelate/cryptand complexes were studied. The complexes were of the following general forms: EuL{sub 4}{sup -}, where L = {beta}-diketonate, a bis-chelating ligand (such as dibenzoylmethide), added as salts (A)EuL{sub 4}, where A= tetrabutylammonium ion or piperidinium ion (pipH{sup +}); Eu(crypt){sup 3+}, where crypt = a cryptand ligand, e.g., 4,7,13,16,21-pentaoxa-1,10-diazabicyclo[8,8,5]-tricosa ne; and Eu(crypt)(L){sup 2+} for the mixed-ligand systems. ECL was obtained for the chelates and mixed-ligand systems by reducing the complexes at a Pt electrode in the presence of peroxydisulfate in acetonitrile solutions and was attributedmore » to the electron-transfer reaction between the reduced bound ligands and SO{sub 4}{sup .-}, followed by intramolecular excitation transfer from the excited ligand orbitals to the metal-centered 4f states. No ECL was observed under the same conditions for the europium complexes incorporating only the cryptand ligands in aqueous solution. The ECL spectra matched the photoluminescence spectra with a narrow emission band observed at 612 nm, corresponding to a metal-centered 4f-4f transition. The ECL efficiencies for the ECL-active species were low, about 10{sup -1}-10{sup -4}% of that of the Ru-(bpy){sub 3}{sup 2+}/S{sub 2}O{sub 8}{sup 2-} system under similar conditions. 38 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.« less

Residues 28 to 39 of the Extracellular Loop 1 of Chicken Na+/H+ Exchanger Type I Mediate Cell Binding and Entry of Subgroup J Avian Leukosis Virus.

PubMed

Guan, Xiaolu; Zhang, Yao; Yu, Mengmeng; Ren, Chaoqi; Gao, Yanni; Yun, Bingling; Liu, Yongzhen; Wang, Yongqiang; Qi, Xiaole; Liu, Changjun; Cui, Hongyu; Zhang, Yanping; Gao, Li; Li, Kai; Pan, Qing; Zhang, Baoshan; Wang, Xiaomei; Gao, Yulong

2018-01-01

Chicken Na + /H + exchanger type I (chNHE1), a multispan transmembrane protein, is a cellular receptor of the subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J). To identify the functional determinants of chNHE1 responsible for the ALV-J receptor activity, a series of chimeric receptors was created by exchanging the extracellular loops (ECL) of human NHE1 (huNHE1) and chNHE1 and by ECL replacement with a hemagglutinin (HA) tag. These chimeric receptors then were used in binding and entry assays to map the minimal ALV-J gp85-binding domain of chNHE1. We show that ECL1 of chNHE1 (chECL1) is the critical functional ECL that interacts directly with ALV-J gp85; ECL3 is also involved in ALV-J gp85 binding. Amino acid residues 28 to 39 of the N-terminal membrane-proximal region of chECL1 constitute the minimal domain required for chNHE1 binding of ALV-J gp85. These residues are sufficient to mediate viral entry into ALV-J nonpermissive cells. Point mutation analysis revealed that A30, V33, W38, and E39 of chECL1 are the key residues mediating the binding between chNHE1 and ALV-J gp85. Further, the replacement of residues 28 to 39 of huNHE1 with the corresponding chNHE1 residues converted the nonfunctional ALV-J receptor huNHE1 to a functional one. Importantly, soluble chECL1 and huECL1 harboring chNHE1 residues 28 to 39 both could effectively block ALV-J infection. Collectively, our findings indicate that residues 28 to 39 of chNHE1 constitute a domain that is critical for receptor function and mediate ALV-J entry. IMPORTANCE chNHE1 is a cellular receptor of ALV-J, a retrovirus that causes infections in chickens and serious economic losses in the poultry industry. Until now, the domains determining the chNHE1 receptor function remained unknown. We demonstrate that chECL1 is critical for receptor function, with residues 28 to 39 constituting the minimal functional domain responsible for chNHE1 binding of ALV-J gp85 and efficiently mediating ALV-J cell entry. These residues are located in the membrane-proximal region of the N terminus of chECL1, suggesting that the binding site of ALV-J gp85 on chNHE1 is probably located on the apex of the molecule; the receptor-binding mode might be different from that of retroviruses. We also found that soluble chECL1, as well as huECL1 harboring chNHE1 residues 28 to 39, effectively blocked ALV-J infection. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the ALV-J infection mechanism and also provide new insights into the control strategies for ALV-J infection. Copyright © 2017 American Society for Microbiology.

Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence and Fluorescence Lifetime Spatial Heterogeneity of Poly (2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1, 4-phenylenevinylene) in Presence of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric Acid Methyl Ester

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Geng, Hongwei; Pan, Shanlin; Hu, Dehong

In this paper, we studied the luminescence property and fluorescence lifetime mapping of MEH-PPV/PCBM system by using electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) and time-correlated single photo counting (TC-SPC) technologies. The ECL results showed that the oxidation peak of MEH-PPV near 0.7 V (vs. SCE) and ECL response of films shifted positively towards 1.2 V when in the presence of PCBM. At the same time, the oxidation peak current density of MEH-PPV increases while the ECL response decreased with the loading of PCBM in the composite films. The fluorescence lifetime images clearly show that the lifetime fluctuation is effected by different substrates andmore » MEH-PPV/PCBM ratios. Meanwhile, the lifetime of MEH-PPV decreases with the increasing of film thickness. The lifetimes of MEH-PPV films on TiO2 substrate are lower than them of films on cover slips.« less

Electrochemiluminescence-PCR detection of genetically modified organisms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Jinfeng; Xing, Da; Shen, Xingyan; Zhu, Debin

2005-01-01

The detection methods for genetically modified (GM) components in foods have been developed recently. But many of them are complicated and time-consuming; some of them need to use the carcinogenic substance, and can"t avoid false-positive results. In this study, an electrochemiluminescence polymerase chain reaction (ECL-PCR) method for detection GM tobaccos is proposed. The Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S (CaMV35S) promoter was amplified by PCR, Then hybridized with a Ru(bpy)32+ (TBR)-labeled and a biotinylated probe. The hybridization products were captured onto streptavidin-coated paramagnetic beads, and detected by measuring the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signal of the TBR label. Whether the tobaccos contain GM components was discriminated by detecting the ECL signal of CaMV35S promoter. The experiment results show that the detection limit for CaMV35S promoter is 100 fmol, and the GM components can be clearly identified in GM tobaccos. The ECL-PCR method provide a new means in GMOs detection due to its safety, simplicity and high efficiency.

Structure Prediction of the Second Extracellular Loop in G-Protein-Coupled Receptors

PubMed Central

Kmiecik, Sebastian; Jamroz, Michal; Kolinski, Michal

2014-01-01

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play key roles in living organisms. Therefore, it is important to determine their functional structures. The second extracellular loop (ECL2) is a functionally important region of GPCRs, which poses significant challenge for computational structure prediction methods. In this work, we evaluated CABS, a well-established protein modeling tool for predicting ECL2 structure in 13 GPCRs. The ECL2s (with between 13 and 34 residues) are predicted in an environment of other extracellular loops being fully flexible and the transmembrane domain fixed in its x-ray conformation. The modeling procedure used theoretical predictions of ECL2 secondary structure and experimental constraints on disulfide bridges. Our approach yielded ensembles of low-energy conformers and the most populated conformers that contained models close to the available x-ray structures. The level of similarity between the predicted models and x-ray structures is comparable to that of other state-of-the-art computational methods. Our results extend other studies by including newly crystallized GPCRs. PMID:24896119

Electrochemiluminescence sensors for scavengers of hydroxyl radical based on its annihilation in CdSe quantum dots film/peroxide system.

PubMed

Jiang, Hui; Ju, Huangxian

2007-09-01

This work elucidated the detailed electrochemiluminescence (ECL) process of the thioglycolic acid-capped CdSe quantum dots (QDs) film/peroxide aqueous system. The QDs were first electrochemically reduced to form electrons-injected QDs approximately -1.1 V, which then reduced hydrogen peroxide to produce OH* radical. The intermediate OH* radical was a key species for producing holes-injected QDs. The ECL emission with a peak at -1.114 V was demonstrated to come from the 1Se-1Sh transition emission. Using thiol compounds as the model molecules to annihilate the OH* radical, their quenching effects on ECL emission were studied. This effect led to a novel strategy for ECL sensing of the scavengers of hydroxyl radical. The detection results of thiol compounds showed high sensitivity, good precision, and acceptable accuracy, suggesting the promising application of the proposed method for quick detection of both scavengers and generators of hydroxyl radical in different fields.

Longitudinal associations between mothers' perceptions of nonresidential fathers' investment of resources and influence in decision-making.

PubMed

Fagan, Jay; Palkovitz, Rob

2018-02-01

Nonresidential fathers are challenged to remain involved with their children across time in both direct and indirect ways, including influencing decision-making around important issues such as school attendance and medical care. An analytic sample of 1,350 families with residential mothers and nonresidential fathers was selected from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey-Birth Cohort (ECLS-B) to examine the longitudinal relationships between mothers' reports of nonresidential fathers' influence in decision-making and their provision of resources to their children. Findings indicate that fathers' voluntary contribution of tangible resources (informal child support, caregiving time) when children are 2 years old positively predict fathers' influence in decision-making regarding the care of their 4-year-old children. Fathers' early formal child support is not related to later decision-making. Fathers' communication with mother about the child at 24 months is related to later decision-making among daughters but not sons. Fathers' early decision-making is longitudinally related to later informal child support, caregiving time, and coparenting communication. The findings support the utility of a resource theory of fathering for understanding and predicting observed patterns of father involvement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

Geographic Variations in Cost of Living: Associations With Family and Child Well-Being

PubMed Central

Mistry, Rashmita S.

2012-01-01

The effects of geographic variations in cost of living and family income on children’s academic achievement and social competence in first grade (mean age=86.9 months) were examined, mediated through material hardship, parental investments, family stress, and school resources. Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K; N = 17,565), higher cost of living was associated with lower academic achievement. For poor children only, higher cost of living was also detrimental to parental investments and school resources. Parental investments and school resources were more strongly associated with achievement for lower-income than higher-income children. Results suggest that cost of living intersects with income in meaningful ways for family and child well-being and should be accounted for in the poverty measure. PMID:22906161

Proximity hybridization-regulated electrogenerated chemiluminescence bioassay of α-fetoprotein via target-induced quenching mechanism.

PubMed

Gao, Hongfang; Wang, Xiaofei; Li, Man; Qi, Honglan; Gao, Qiang; Zhang, Chengxiao

2017-12-15

A proximity hybridization-regulated electrogenerated chemiluminescence (PLA-ECL) bioassay was developed for the detection of α-fetoprotein (AFP) on basis of the sensitization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and target-induced quenching mechanism. Ru(bpy) 3 2+ was used as ECL signal while ferrocene (Fc) was used as ECL quencher. Ru(bpy) 3 2+ was electrostatically adsorbed into the AuNPs/Nafion film prepared by casting the mixture of Nafion and AuNPs onto the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to form an ECL platform (Ru(bpy) 3 2+ /AuNPs/Nafion/GCE), which displayed strong ECL emissions. A recognition platform was fabricated by self-assembling a capture DNA via thiol-gold bond on the surface of Ru(bpy) 3 2+ /AuNPs/Nafion/GCE. After sandwich immunoassay and proximity hybridization assay among capture DNA, AFP, a pair of antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates and a signal probe (DNA-Fc), Fc in DNA-Fc was brought close to the surface of electrode in conjunction with target induced ECL quenching. The ECL intensity decreased with the increasing concentration of the AFP and AFP was monitored with a linear range of 0.05-50ng/mL along with a detection limit of 0.04ng/mL. The ECL bioassay is successfully applied to the detection of AFP in serum samples with one-step recognition, short operating time and good accuracy. This method displays great potential for point-of-care testing and commercial application. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Enriching a Child's Literacy Environment (ECLE).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reid, Ethna R.

The Enriching a Child's Literacy Environment (ECLE) program was designed to establish a model for teaching parents, teachers, and other care providers how to develop the oral language, thinking abilities and motor skills of young children (ages six months to three years). ECLE trainers instruct the parents or other care providers by first modeling…

Capillary electrophoresis with gold nanoparticles enhanced electrochemiluminescence for the detection of roxithromycin.

PubMed

Wang, Jingwu; Yang, Zhiming; Wang, Xiaoxia; Yang, Nianjun

2008-06-30

Tris(2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)(3)(2+))-roxithromycin based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) was enhanced greatly by gold nanoparticles 10 nm in diameter. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) was coupled with the resultant ECL system as a detector for roxithromycin. This ECL emission is explained by the coreactant mechanism where roxithromycin behaves as a coreactant to generate strong reducing species and gold nanoparticles act as "floating nanoelectrodes". The reaction of Ru(bpy)(3)(3+) with the generated strong reducing species on the Pt working electrode as well as on "floating nanoelectrodes" releases Ru(bpy)(3)(2+*), resulting in enhancement of ECL emission. The selectivity of this detection system towards roxithromycin was examined by CE. Under the optimized conditions, the intensity of ECL emission varies linearly with the concentration of roxithromycin from 24 nM to 0.24 mM. The detection limit is 8.4 nM, while without adding gold nanoparticles it is only 84 nM. The detection of roxithromycin in pharmaceutical and urine samples was also performed by the proposed CE-ECL method.

Evaluation of parameters affecting quantitative detection of Escherichia coli O157 in enriched water samples using immunomagnetic electrochemiluminescence.

PubMed

Shelton, Daniel R; Van Kessel, Jo Ann S; Wachtel, Marian R; Belt, Kenneth T; Karns, Jeffrey S

2003-12-01

We report here the use of immunomagnetic (IM) electrochemiluminescence (ECL) for quantitative detection of Esherichia coli O157:H7 in water samples following enrichment in minimal lactose broth (MLB). IM beads prepared in-house with four commercial anti-O157 monoclonal antibodies were compared for efficiency of cell capture. IM-ECL responses for E. coli O157:H7 (strain SEA13B88) were similar for all four commercial anti-O157 LPS monoclonal antibodies. The ECL signal was linearly correlated with E. coli O157:H7 cell concentration, indicating a constant ECL response per cell. Twenty-two strains of E. coli O157:H7 or O157:NM gave comparable ECL signals using IM beads prepared in-house. To assess the potential for interference from background bacteria in MLB-enriched water samples, 10(4) cells of E. coli O157:H7 (strain SEA13B88) were added to enriched samples prior to analysis. There was considerable variability in recovery of E. coli O157:H7 cells; net ECL signals ranged from 1% to 100% of expected values (i.e., percent inhibition from 0% to 99%). Cultures of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Enterobacter cloacae, subsequently isolated from MLB-enriched water samples via IM separation (IMS), were observed to interfere with the binding of E. coli O157:H7 cells to IM beads. Recoveries of 10(4) E. coli O157:H7 cells were

DNA tetrahedral scaffolds-based platform for the construction of electrochemiluminescence biosensor.

PubMed

Feng, Qiu-Mei; Zhou, Zhen; Li, Mei-Xing; Zhao, Wei; Xu, Jing-Juan; Chen, Hong-Yuan

2017-04-15

Proximal metallic nanoparticles (NPs) could quench the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emission of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) due to Förster energy transfer (FRET), but at a certain distance, the coupling of light-emission with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) result in enhanced ECL. Thus, the modification strategies and distances control between QDs and metallic NPs are critical for the ECL intensity of QDs. In this strategy, a SPR enhanced ECL sensor based on DNA tetrahedral scaffolds modified platform was reported for the detection of telomerase activity. Due to the rigid three-dimensional structure, DNA tetrahedral scaffolds grafting on the electrode surface could accurately modulate the distance between CdS QDs and luminol labelled gold nanoparticles (L-Au NPs), meanwhile provide an enhanced spatial dimension and accessibility for the assembly of multiple L-Au NPs. The ECL intensities of both CdS QDs (-1.25V vs. SCE) and luminol (+0.33V vs. SCE) gradually increased along with the formation of multiple L-Au NPs at the vertex of DNA tetrahedral scaffolds induced by telomerase, bringing in a dual-potential ECL analysis. The proposed method showed high sensitivity for the identification of telomerase and was successfully applied for the differentiation of cancer cells from normal cells. This work suggests that DNA tetrahedral scaffolds could serve as an excellent choice for the construction of SPR-ECL system. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Early maternal depressive symptoms and child growth trajectories: a longitudinal analysis of a nationally representative US birth cohort

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background Maternal depressive symptoms are negatively associated with early child growth in developing countries; however, few studies have examined this relation in developed countries or used a longitudinal design with data past the second year of the child’s life. We investigated if and when early maternal depressive symptoms affect average growth in young children up to age 6 in a nationally representative sample of US children. Methods Using data from 6,550 singleton births from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study -- Birth Cohort (ECLS-B), we fit growth trajectory models with random effects to examine the relation between maternal depressive symptoms at 9 months based on the twelve-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and child height and body mass index (BMI) to age 6 years. Results Mothers with moderate/severe depressive symptoms at 9 months postpartum had children with shorter stature at this same point in time [average 0.26 cm shorter; 95% CI: 5 cm, 48 cm] than mothers without depressive symptoms; children whose mothers reported postpartum depressive symptoms remained significantly shorter throughout the child’s first 6 years. Conclusions Results suggest that the first year postpartum is a critical window for addressing maternal depressive symptoms in order to optimize child growth. Future studies should investigate the role of caregiving and feeding practices as potential mechanisms linking maternal depressive symptoms and child growth trajectories. PMID:25047367

Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Learning Curve for Graft Preparation in an Eye Bank Using 645 Donor Corneas.

PubMed

Parekh, Mohit; Ruzza, Alessandro; Romano, Vito; Favaro, Elisa; Baruzzo, Mattia; Salvalaio, Gianni; Grassetto, Andrea; Ferrari, Stefano; Ponzin, Diego

2018-06-01

To investigate the learning curve of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) graft preparation in an eye bank. Four operators prepared 645 DMEK grafts using the stripping technique between 2014 and 2017 at the Veneto Eye Bank Foundation, Italy. Endothelial cell loss (ECL) and tissue wastage were recorded retrospectively after DMEK preparation and correlated with the number of tissues prepared each year by each operator. On average, our operators performed 1 donor preparation a week over the course of this study. Only donors older than 60 years were used in this study, and approximately 10% of donors had diabetes. The Wilcoxon test for paired data and 1-way ANOVA were used for checking statistical significance with the Tukey test as post hoc analysis. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. ECL did not change significantly over time from operator 1. Significant ECL drop was noted from operator 2 between years 2014-2016 (P = 0.0049) and 2017 (P = 0.0094); from operator 3 between years 2015-2016 (P = 0.0288) and 2017 (P = 0.0097); and from operator 4 between 2015-2016 (P = 0.0469) and 2017 (P = 0.0331). Operators 1 and 3 did not show a significant difference, considering every 50 grafts prepared by each operator. Operator 2 showed significant ECL drop between 1 to 50 and 51 to 100 (P = 0.0002) and 1 to 50 and 101 to 150 (P = 0.0001) grafts. Operator 4 showed significant ECL drop between 1 to 50 and 101 to 150 (P = 0.002) and 51 to 100 and 101 to 141 (P = 0.0207) grafts. No intraoperator difference was observed per 50 grafts (P > 0.05). There is a learning curve for DMEK graft preparation. ECL and tissue wastage can be reduced with practice and skills. However, each operator may be limited to his or her own learning capability.

Enhanced electrochemiluminescence quenching of CdS:Mn nanocrystals by CdTe QDs-doped silica nanoparticles for ultrasensitive detection of thrombin.

PubMed

Shan, Yun; Xu, Jing-Juan; Chen, Hong-Yuan

2011-07-01

This work reports an aptasensor for ultrasensitive detection of thrombin based on remarkably efficient energy-transfer induced electrochemiluminescence (ECL) quenching from CdS:Mn nanocrystals (NCs) film to CdTe QDs-doped silica nanoparticles (CdTe/SiO(2) NPs). CdTe/SiO(2) NPs were synthesized via the Stöber method and showed black bodies' strong absorption in a wide spectral range without excitonic emission, which made them excellent ECL quenchers. Within the effective distance of energy scavenging, the ECL quenching efficiency was dependent on the number of CdTe QDs doped into the silica NPs. Using ca. 200 CdTe QDs doped silica NPs on average of 40 nm in diameter as ECL quenching labels, attomolar detection of thrombin was successfully realized. The protein detection involves a competition binding event, based on thrombin replacing CdTe/SiO(2) NPs labeled probing DNA which is hybridized with capturing aptamer immobilized on a CdS:Mn NCs film modified glassy carbon electrode surface by specific aptamer-protein affinity interactions. It results in the displacement of ECL quenching labels from CdS:Mn NCs film and concomitant ECL signal recovery. Owing to the high-content CdTe QDs in silica NP, the increment of ECL intensity (ΔI(ECL)) and the concentration of thrombin showed a double logarithmic linear correlation in the range of 5.0 aM∼5.0 fM with a detection limit of 1aM. And, the aptasensor hardly responded to antibody, bovine serum albumin (BSA), haemoglobin (Hb) and lysozyme, showing good detection selectivity for thrombin. This long-distance energy scavenging could have a promising application perspective in the detection of biological recognition events on a molecular level.

An efficient signal-on aptamer-based biosensor for adenosine triphosphate detection using graphene oxide both as an electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence signal indicator.

PubMed

Huang, Xiang; Li, Yuqin; Zhang, Xiaoshan; Zhang, Xin; Chen, Yaowen; Gao, Wenhua

2015-09-07

An efficient aptasensor was developed in which graphene oxide (GO) was employed as an indicator for both electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signal generation. The aptasensor was fabricated by self-assembling the ECL probe of a thiolated adenosine triphosphate binding aptamer (ABA) tagged with a Ru complex (Ru(bpy)3(2+) derivatives) onto the surface of gold nanoparticle (AuNP) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). ABA immobilized onto AuNP modified GCE could strongly adsorb GO due to the strong π-π interaction between ABA and graphene oxide; ECL quenching of the Ru complex then takes place because of energy transfer and electron transfer, and a large increase of the electron transfer resistance (Ret) of the electrode. While in the presence of target adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the ABA prefers to form ABA-ATP bioaffinity complexes, which have weak affinity to graphene oxide and keep the graphene oxide away from the electrode surface, thus allowing the ECL signal enhancement, and in conjunction with the decrease of the Ret. Because of the high ECL quenching efficiency, unique structure, and electronic properties of graphene oxide, the Ret and ECL intensity versus the logarithm of ATP concentration was linear in the wide range from 10 pM to 10 nM with an ultra-low detection limit of 6.7 pM to 4.8 pM, respectively. The proposed aptasensor exhibited excellent reproducibility, stability, and outstanding selectivity, and ATP could be effectively distinguished from its analogues. More significantly, this efficient ECL aptasensor strategy based on GO acting both as an electrochemical and ECL signal indicator is general and can be easily extended to other biological binding events.

Graphene oxide@gold nanorods-based multiple-assisted electrochemiluminescence signal amplification strategy for sensitive detection of prostate specific antigen.

PubMed

Cao, Jun-Tao; Yang, Jiu-Jun; Zhao, Li-Zhen; Wang, Yu-Ling; Wang, Hui; Liu, Yan-Ming; Ma, Shu-Hui

2018-01-15

A novel and competitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor for prostate specific antigen (PSA) assay was constructed using gold nanorods functionalized graphene oxide (GO@AuNRs) multilabeled with glucose oxidase (GOD) and streptavidin (SA) toward luminol-based ECL system. A strong initial ECL signal was achieved by electrodeposited gold (DpAu) on the electrode because of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) motivating the luminol ECL signal. The signal probes prepared by loading GOD and SA-biotin-DNA on GO@AuNRs were used for achieving multiple signal amplification. In the absence of PSA, the signal probes can be attached on the electrode by hybridization reaction between PSA aptamer and biotin-DNA. In this state, the GOD loaded on the probe could catalyze glucose to in situ produce H 2 O 2 and then AuNRs catalyze H 2 O 2 to generate abundant reactive oxygen species (ROSs) in luminol ECL reaction. Both the high-content GOD and AuNRs in the signal probe amplified the ECL signal in the ECL system. Moreover, the combination of SA with biotin-DNA further expands ECL intensity. The integration of such amplifying effects in this protocol endows the aptasensor with high sensitivity and good selectivity for PSA detection. This aptasensor exhibits a linear relation in the range of 0.5pgmL -1 to 5.0ngmL -1 with the detection limit of 0.17pgmL -1 (S/N = 3). Besides, the strategy was successfully applied in determination of human serum samples with recovery of 81.4-116.0%. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Performance of Planar-Waveguide External Cavity Laser for Precision Measurements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Numata, Kenji; Camp, Jordan; Krainak, Michael A.; Stolpner, Lew

2010-01-01

A 1542-nm planar-waveguide external cavity laser (PW-ECL) is shown to have a sufficiently low level of frequency and intensity noise to be suitable for precision measurement applications. The frequency noise and intensity noise of the PW-ECL was comparable or better than the nonplanar ring oscillator (NPRO) and fiber laser between 0.1 mHz to 100 kHz. Controllability of the PW-ECL was demonstrated by stabilizing its frequency to acetylene (13C2H2) at 10(exp -13) level of Allan deviation. The PW-ECL also has the advantage of the compactness of a standard butterfly package, low cost, and a simple design consisting of a semiconductor gain media coupled to a planar-waveguide Bragg reflector. These features would make the PW-ECL suitable for precision measurements, including compact optical frequency standards, space lidar, and space interferometry

Switchable electrochemiluminescence aptasensor coupled with resonance energy transfer for selective attomolar detection of Hg2+ via CdTe@CdS/dendrimer probe and Au nanoparticle quencher.

PubMed

Babamiri, Bahareh; Salimi, Abdollah; Hallaj, Rahman

2018-04-15

In the present study, an ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensing assay for selective detection of Hg 2+ was designed. In this electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) approach, Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 /dendrimers/QDs exhibited amplified ECL emissions (switch "on" state) and with the hybridization between T-rich ssDNA(S 1 ) immobilized on the Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 /dendrimers/QDs and AuNPs modified with complementary aptamer (AuNPs-S 2 ), the ECL of QDs nanocomposites was efficiently quenched (switch "off" state). In the presence of Hg 2+ ions, formation of strong and stable T-Hg 2+ -T complex led to the release of the AuNPs-S 2 from double-stranded DNA(dsDNA) and the recovery of the ECL signal of QDs (second signal switch "on" state). Under optimal conditions, Hg 2+ can be detected in a wide linear range from 20aM to 2µM with a very low detection limit of 2aM. The proposed ECL aptasensor showed high selectivity for Hg 2+ determination compared to other environmentally relevant metal ions at concentration ratio more than 1000 times. The aptasensor was used for detection Hg 2+ ions from samples of tap waters, carp and saltwater fishes with satisfactory results. The aptasensor exhibited high sensitivity, wide linear response (11 orders of magnitude), excellent reproducibility and stability. The proposed aptasensor will be a promising candidate for facile and rapid determination of Hg 2＋ in environmental and fishery samples. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Chloride equilibrium potential in salamander cones

PubMed Central

Thoreson, Wallace B; Bryson, Eric J

2004-01-01

Background GABAergic inhibition and effects of intracellular chloride ions on calcium channel activity have been proposed to regulate neurotransmission from photoreceptors. To assess the impact of these and other chloride-dependent mechanisms on release from cones, the chloride equilibrium potential (ECl) was determined in red-sensitive, large single cones from the tiger salamander retinal slice. Results Whole cell recordings were done using gramicidin perforated patch techniques to maintain endogenous Cl- levels. Membrane potentials were corrected for liquid junction potentials. Cone resting potentials were found to average -46 mV. To measure ECl, we applied long depolarizing steps to activate the calcium-activated chloride current (ICl(Ca)) and then determined the reversal potential for the current component that was inhibited by the Cl- channel blocker, niflumic acid. With this method, ECl was found to average -46 mV. In a complementary approach, we used a Cl-sensitive dye, MEQ, to measure the Cl- flux produced by depolarization with elevated concentrations of K+. The membrane potentials produced by the various high K+ solutions were measured in separate current clamp experiments. Consistent with electrophysiological experiments, MEQ fluorescence measurements indicated that ECl was below -36 mV. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that ECl is close to the dark resting potential. This will minimize the impact of chloride-dependent presynaptic mechanisms in cone terminals involving GABAa receptors, glutamate transporters and ICl(Ca). PMID:15579212

An ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescent sensor based on a pencil graphite electrode modified with CdS nanorods for detection of chlorogenic acid in honeysuckle.

PubMed

Zheng, Ruijuan; Zhong, Jianhai; Zhao, Chenhao; Lang, Xiaoling; Hu, Zhibiao; Luo, Jiangshui

2017-08-01

In this paper, a novel and ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescent sensor employing a solvothermal-synthesized CdS nanorod-modified pencil graphite electrode (CdS/PGE) for the determination of chlorogenic acid (CA) is fabricated. In the first step, the PGE surface is modified using CdS nanorods. In the next step, the developed electrode is used to detect CA using a electrochemiluminescent (ECL) technique, in which potassium persulfate (K 2 S 2 O 8 ) served as a co-reactant. The possible ECL mechanism is investigated, and the influences of pH and cyclic voltammetric scanning rate on the signal response are studied. The ECL intensity decreases quantitatively in relation to the concentration of the target molecule. Under optimized conditions, the linear correlation between the quenched ECL intensity and the logarithm of CA concentration is observed in the range from 2 × 10 -9 to 8 × 10 -7  mol L -1 with a limit of detection of 1 × 10 -9  mol L -1 . This proposed method is applied to the analysis of CA in honeysuckle flower, giving recoveries of 99-107%. The experimental results demonstrate that this ECL sensor shows good stability and reproducibility. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Endocanalicular diode laser dacryocystorhinostomy for nasolacrimal duct obstruction: short-term results of a new minimally invasive surgical technique.

PubMed

Özçimen, Muammer; Uysal, Ismail Onder; Eryılmaz, Mehmet Akif; Kal, Ali

2010-11-01

To evaluate the results, complications, effectiveness, and operative results of the endocanalicular laser dacryocystorhinostomy (ECL DCR) in the distal obstructions of the lacrimal drainage system. Sixty eyes of 57 patients who had a diagnosis of distal obstruction of the lacrimal drainage system were evaluated retrospectively in this study. All patients underwent ECL DCR by diode laser between October 2008 and July 2009. Forty-nine patients (86%) were females, 8 patients (14%) were males, and age distribution was between 3 and 84 years old (median, 40 y). The canaliculi were intubated by a silicone tube. The patency of the nasolacrimal system was controlled by lacrimal lavage, loss of epiphora, and endoscopic evaluation of the endonasal rhinostomy site with routine follow-up scheduled at first day and 1-week, 1-month, and 3-month postoperative intervals. After the 60 ECL DCRs, 10 patients underwent revision ECL DCR because of the persistent epiphora. The patency of the nasolacrimal duct or the decrease of the symptoms was assigned as success. There were no symptoms at all in 83.3% of the patients. The ECL DCR in the treatment of the distal obstructions of the lacrimal drainage system was easily tolerated by the patients, cosmetically preferred because there was no incision and scar formation with high success rates, and a minimally invasive alternative technique.

Extracorporeal life support: moving at the speed of light.

PubMed

Dalton, Heidi J

2011-09-01

Extracorporeal life support (ECLS), or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as it is also known, has been used to support over 45,000 patients to date. Overall survival is 62%. After many years of no change in equipment and technology, there has been a recent flurry of new pumps, cannulas, and oxygenators available for ECLS use. While the impact of this new technology is not yet completely defined, initial results have found that these systems provide safe support with lower priming volumes and less bleeding complications. New cannulas are also available, some making it easier for venovenous support in patients, from infants through adults. The reported success of ECLS in patients with H1N1 during the 2009-2010 epidemic and the improved survival of patients randomized to the ECMO arm of a recently completed adult study of respiratory failure have also brought ECLS into the spotlight much more than other years. Whether these developments will usher in a new era of ECLS expansion to a wider range of patients will require close consideration and observation. Other areas that need to be further refined include anticoagulation management, treatment of bleeding complications, learning to "nurse" patients in an awake state, such as is done in some European (and a few United States) centers, and neurodevelopmental outcome on a long-term basis. 2011 Daedalus Enterprises

Lessons Learned from the Crew Health Care System (CHeCS) Rack 1 Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) Design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, David E.

2006-01-01

This paper will provide an overview of the International Space Station (ISS) Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) design of the Crew Health Care System (CHeCS) Rack 1 and it will document some of the lessons that have been learned to date for the ECLS equipment in this rack.

Luminescence-Functionalized Metal-Organic Frameworks Based on a Ruthenium(II) Complex: A Signal Amplification Strategy for Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Immunosensors.

PubMed

Xiong, Cheng-Yi; Wang, Hai-Jun; Liang, Wen-Bin; Yuan, Ya-Li; Yuan, Ruo; Chai, Ya-Qin

2015-06-26

Novel luminescence-functionalized metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with superior electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) properties were synthesized based on zinc ions as the central ions and tris(4,4'-dicarboxylicacid-2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) dichloride ([Ru(dcbpy)3](2+)) as the ligands. For potential applications, the synthesized MOFs were used to fabricate a "signal-on" ECL immunosensor for the detection of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). As expected, enhanced ECL signals were obtained through a simple fabrication strategy because luminescence-functionalized MOFs not only effectively increased the loading of [Ru(dcbpy)3](2+), but also served as a loading platform in the ECL immunosensor. Furthermore, the proposed ECL immunosensor had a wide linear range from 5 pg mL(-1) to 25 ng mL(-1) and a relatively low detection limit of 1.67 pg mL(-1) (signal/noise=3). The results indicated that luminescence-functionalized MOFs provided a novel amplification strategy in the construction of ECL immunosensors and might have great prospects for application in bioanalysis. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Behavior of Au nanoparticles-hybridized Pb (II) metal-organic framework and its application in selective sensing hexavalent chromium.

PubMed

Ma, Hongmin; Li, Xiaojian; Yan, Tao; Li, Yan; Liu, Haiyang; Zhang, Yong; Wu, Dan; Du, Bin; Wei, Qin

2016-02-23

In this work, a novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor based on Au nanoparticles-hybridized Pb (II)-β-cyclodextrin (Pb-β-CD) metal-organic framework for detecting hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) was developed. Pb-β-CD shows excellent ECL behavior and unexpected reducing ability towards Au ions. Au nanoparticles could massively form on the surface of Pb-β-CD (Au@Pb-β-CD) without use of any additional reducing agent. In the presence of coreactant K2S2O8, the ECL emission of Pb-β-CD was enhanced by the formation of Au nanoparticles. Cr(VI) can collisionally quench the ECL behavior of Au@Pb-β-CD/S2O8(2-) system and the detection mechanism was investigated. This ECL sensor is found to have a linear response in the range of 0.01-100 μM and a low detection limit of 3.43 nM (S/N = 3) under the optimal conditions. These results suggest that metal-organic framework Au@Pb-β-CD has great potential in extending the application in the ECL field as an efficient luminophore.

Structure, properties and enhanced expression of galactose-binding C-type lectins in mucous cells of gills from freshwater Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica).

PubMed

Mistry, A C; Honda, S; Hirose, S

2001-11-15

Using a Japanese-eel (Anguilla japonica) gill cDNA subtraction library, two novel beta-d-galactose-binding lectins were identified that belong to group VII of the animal C-type lectin family. The eel C-type lectins, termed eCL-1 and eCL-2, are simple lectins composed of 163 amino acid residues, including a 22-residue signal peptide for secretion and a single carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of approximately 130 residues typical of C-type lectins. The galactose specificity of the CRD was suggested by the presence of a QPD motif and confirmed by a competitive binding assay. Using Ruthenium Red staining, the lectins were shown to bind Ca(2+) ions. SDS/PAGE showed that native eCL-1 and eCL-2 have an SDS-resistant octameric structure (a tetramer of disulphide-linked dimers). Northern and Western blot analyses demonstrated high-level expression of eCL-1 and eCL-2 mRNAs and their protein products in gills from freshwater eels, which decreased markedly when the eels were transferred from freshwater to seawater. Immunohistochemistry showed that the eel lectins are localized in the exocrine mucous cells of the gill.

New Signal Amplification Strategy Using Semicarbazide as Co-reaction Accelerator for Highly Sensitive Electrochemiluminescent Aptasensor Construction.

PubMed

Ma, Meng-Nan; Zhuo, Ying; Yuan, Ruo; Chai, Ya-Qin

2015-11-17

A highly sensitive electrochemiluminescent (ECL) aptasensor was constructed using semicarbazide (Sem) as co-reaction accelerator to promote the ECL reaction rate of CdTe quantum dots (CdTe QDs) and the co-reactant of peroxydisulfate (S2O8(2-)) for boosting signal amplification. The co-reaction accelerator is a species that when it is introduced into the ECL system containing luminophore and co-reactant, it can interact with co-reactant rather than luminophore to promote the ECL reaction rate of luminophore and co-reactant; thus the ECL signal is significantly amplified in comparison with that in which only luminophore and co-reactant are present. In this work, the ECL signal probes were first fabricated by alternately assembling the Sem and Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) onto the surfaces of hollow Au nanocages (AuNCs) via Au-N bond to obtain the multilayered nanomaterials of (AuNPs-Sem)n-AuNCs for immobilizing amino-terminated detection aptamer of thrombin (TBA2). Notably, the Sem with two -NH2 terminal groups could not only serve as cross-linking reagent to assemble AuNPs and AuNCs but also act as co-reaction accelerator to enhance the ECL reaction rate of CdTe QDs and S2O8(2-) for signal amplification. With the sandwich-type format, TBA2 signal probes could be trapped on the CdTe QD-based sensing interface in the presence of thrombin (TB) to achieve a considerably enhanced ECL signal in S2O8(2-) solution. As a result, the Sem in the TBA2 signal probes could accelerate the reduction of S2O8(2-) to produce the more oxidant mediators of SO4(•-), which further boosted the production of excited states of CdTe QDs to emit light. With the employment of the novel co-reaction accelerator Sem, the proposed ECL biosensor exhibited ultrahigh sensitivity to quantify the concentration of TB from 1 × 10(-7) to 1 nM with a detection limit of 0.03 fM, which demonstrated that the co-reaction accelerator could provide a simple, efficient, and low-cost approach for signal amplification and hold great potential for other ECL biosensors construction.

Electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer system between GNRs and Ru(bpy)32+: Application in magnetic aptasensor for β-amyloid.

PubMed

Ke, Hong; Sha, Haifeng; Wang, Yinfang; Guo, Weiwei; Zhang, Xin; Wang, Zhiming; Huang, Chusen; Jia, Nengqin

2018-02-15

Electrochemiluminescent (ECL) assay has gradually drawn increasing interest in the biomedical analysis. This paper proposed a new methodology for ultrasensitive and facile detection of Alzheimer's disease marker β-amyloid (Aβ) by fabricating a sandwich-type ECL sensing platform. Herein, electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) was employed to determine Aβ concentration, which can be attributed to the quenching effect from RET between Ru(bpy) 3 2+ and gold nanorods (GNRs) acting as ECL-RET electron donor and acceptor, respectively. In this protocol, mesoporous carbon nanospheres were adopted to immobilize ECL reactant Ru(bpy) 3 2+ and antibody via nafion to acquire the RET donor nanocomposites (MOCs/nafion/Ru(bpy) 3 2+ /antibody), which were tightly interconnected with epoxy group functionalized Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles. It is of vital importance that GNRs with exquisite rod shape were synthesized and exhibited a typical absorption peak at 650nm to quench ECL signal of Ru(bpy) 3 2+ effectively. In addition, the ECL emission decreased linearly with the logarithm of Aβ concentration in a wide linear range from 1.0 × 10 -5 to 100ng/mL with a detection limit of 4.2 × 10 -6 ng/mL. Furthermore, distinctive and desirable properties were verified to declare the promise for being applicable to analyze the Aβ content in real Alzheimer's cerebrospinal fluid samples with satisfactory results. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Implementation of Electronic Checklists in an Oncology Medical Record: Initial Clinical Experience

PubMed Central

Albuquerque, Kevin V.; Miller, Alexis A.; Roeske, John C.

2011-01-01

Purpose: The quality of any medical treatment depends on the accurate processing of multiple complex components of information, with proper delivery to the patient. This is true for radiation oncology, in which treatment delivery is as complex as a surgical procedure but more dependent on hardware and software technology. Uncorrected errors, even if small or infrequent, can result in catastrophic consequences for the patient. We developed electronic checklists (ECLs) within the oncology electronic medical record (EMR) and evaluated their use and report on our initial clinical experience. Methods: Using the Mosaiq EMR, we developed checklists within the clinical assessment section. These checklists are based on the process flow of information from one group to another within the clinic and enable the processing, confirmation, and documentation of relevant patient information before the delivery of radiation therapy. The clinical use of the ECL was documented by means of a customized report. Results: Use of ECL has reduced the number of times that physicians were called to the treatment unit. In particular, the ECL has ensured that therapists have a better understanding of the treatment plan before the initiation of treatment. An evaluation of ECL compliance showed that, with additional staff training, > 94% of the records were completed. Conclusion: The ECL can be used to ensure standardization of procedures and documentation that the pretreatment checks have been performed before patient treatment. We believe that the implementation of ECLs will improve patient safety and reduce the likelihood of treatment errors. PMID:22043184

PREDICTORS OF INFANT AND TODDLER BLACK BOYS' EARLY LEARNING: SEIZING OPPORTUNITIES AND MINIMIZING RISKS.

PubMed

Iruka, Iheoma U

2017-01-01

Using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS-B) data set (U.S. Department of Education Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, 2001), this study examined child, family, and community factors in the early years (infant and toddler years) to predict the cognitive and language outcomes for preschool-age Black boys in relation to Black girls and White boys. Findings indicate that Black children face many challenges, with Black boys experiencing less sensitive parenting as compared to their peers. We live in a highly complex, racialized environment. While there are universal indicators that predict children's preschool outcomes such as strong social positioning and positive parenting, there are, in addition, some indicators that are more beneficial for Black boys' early development, including a stable, less urban home environment with parents engaging in "tough love." © 2016 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.

Study on a Luminol-based Electrochemiluminescent Sensor for Label-Free DNA Sensing

PubMed Central

Chu, Hai-Hong; Yan, Ji-Lin; Tu, Yi-Feng

2010-01-01

Automatic, inexpensive, simple and sensitive methods for DNA sensing and quantification are highly desirable for biomedical research. The rapid development of both the fundamentals and applications of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) over the past years has demonstrated its potential for analytical and bio-analytical chemistry. This paper reports the quenching effect of DNA on the ECL of luminol and the further development of a DNA sensing device. With the pre-functionalization by a composite of carbon nano-tubes (CNTs) and Au nanoparticles (AuNPs), the sensor provides a novel and valuable label-free approach for DNA sensing. Here the ECL intensity was remarkably decreased when more than 1.0 × 10−12 molar of DNA were adsorbed on the sensor. Linearity of the DNA amount with the reciprocal of ECL intensity was observed. A saturated sensor caused a 92.8% quenching effect. The research also proposes the mechanism for the quenching effect which could be attributed to the interaction between luminol and DNA and the elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) by DNA. PMID:22163421

Structure prediction of the second extracellular loop in G-protein-coupled receptors.

PubMed

Kmiecik, Sebastian; Jamroz, Michal; Kolinski, Michal

2014-06-03

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play key roles in living organisms. Therefore, it is important to determine their functional structures. The second extracellular loop (ECL2) is a functionally important region of GPCRs, which poses significant challenge for computational structure prediction methods. In this work, we evaluated CABS, a well-established protein modeling tool for predicting ECL2 structure in 13 GPCRs. The ECL2s (with between 13 and 34 residues) are predicted in an environment of other extracellular loops being fully flexible and the transmembrane domain fixed in its x-ray conformation. The modeling procedure used theoretical predictions of ECL2 secondary structure and experimental constraints on disulfide bridges. Our approach yielded ensembles of low-energy conformers and the most populated conformers that contained models close to the available x-ray structures. The level of similarity between the predicted models and x-ray structures is comparable to that of other state-of-the-art computational methods. Our results extend other studies by including newly crystallized GPCRs. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Analysis of the Korean Navy Selection Process for the Naval Post Graduate School

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-06-01

OUTCOME OF ECL TESTING SCORE..........................54 C. OUTCOME OF TOEFL TESTING SCORE.......................55 D. PLOT OF NPS GRADE WITH ECL...TESTING SCORE..............55 E. PLOT OF NPS GRADE WIHT NA GRADE......................56 F. PLOT OF NPS GRADE WITH TOEFL TESTING SCORE............56...OF ECL TESTING SCORE ............. 30 Table S. EXPECTANCY TABLE OF NAG ............................ 31 Table 9. EXPECTANCY TABLE OF TOEFL TESTING SCORE

Molecularly imprinted sensor based on Russian Matryoshka structured molecules for enhanced specific identification and double amplification in ultra-trace Tb3+ determination.

PubMed

Li, Jianping; Yang, Bin; Pan, Hongcheng; Xu, Guobao

2018-06-30

The selective and sensitive detection of rare earth elements is thought to be difficult because the concentration of those elements in the sample is commonly at a low level and they normally have severe mutual interference which is caused by homologous chemical properties. In this study, a novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sensor was fabricated for highly sensitive and selective determination of ultra-trace Tb 3+ . The Tb 3+ -ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid complex (Tb-EDTA) as the template molecule was incorporated into mono-6-mercapto-β-cyclodextrin (mono-6-SH-β-CD) to form a Russian Matryoshka (RM)-structured molecule (CD/Tb-EDTA). Titanium isopropoxide was utilized in vapor sol-gel polymerization to construct MIP membrane. Moreover, the selectivity of the RM MIP sensor was remarkably enhanced by the "triple-selectivity" recognition of EDTA-to-Tb 3+ , β-CD-to-(Tb-EDTA), and 3D cavity-to-(CD/Tb-EDTA), while the sensitivity of the MIP sensor was significantly improved by ECL signal enhancement based on double amplification, in other words, the electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) between the ECL donor of CD/Tb-EDTA and the ECL acceptor of Ru(bpy) 3 2+ , and the ECL enhancement by the co-reactant of CD/Tb-EDTA on Ru(bpy) 3 Cl 2 . When the imprinted cavities were occupied by Tb-EDTA during rebinding, the host-guest inclusion structured complex was formed and the ECL intensities produced by the Ru(bpy) 3 Cl 2 ECL system increased with increasing concentration of Tb-EDTA. The proposed sensor was used for quantitative analysis of Tb 3+ with concentrations ranging from 8.00 × 10 -13 mol/L to 4.00 × 10 -9 mol/L and successfully applied to detect Tb 3+ in seawater samples. The detection limit of the sensor was found to be 3.90 × 10 -13 mol/L (DL = 3δ b /K), which is lower than previously reported values. Thus, the fabricated sensor is feasible for practical applications. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Detection of DNA hybridization by ABEI electrochemiluminescence in DNA-chip compatible assembly.

PubMed

Calvo-Muñoz, M-L; Dupont-Filliard, A; Billon, M; Guillerez, S; Bidan, G; Marquette, C; Blum, L

2005-04-01

The electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of a luminol derivate (ABEI) generated both by a carbon electrode and a polypyrrole-coated carbon electrode was examined. It was found that the polypyrrole film (ppy) did not inhibit the ECL. After that, ABEI anchored on a single stranded DNA target (ODNt) has been used for the ECL detection of the hybridization between a complementary single stranded DNA probe (ODNp) covalently linked to a polypyrrole support and the ODNt. The ECL detection has been performed using a DNA sensor having a low surface concentration of ODNp probes, constituted of a polypyrrole copolymer electrosynthesized from a pyrrole-ODNp/pyrrole monomer ratio of 1/20,000.

International Space Station (ISS) Orbital Replaceable Unit (ORU) Wet Storage Risk Assessment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Squire, Michael D.; Rotter, Henry A.; Lee, Jason; Packham, Nigel; Brady, Timothy K.; Kelly, Robert; Ott, C. Mark

2014-01-01

The International Space Station (ISS) Program requested the NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) to evaluate the risks posed by the practice of long-term wet storage of ISS Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) regeneration system orbital replacement units (ORUs). The ISS ECLS regeneration system removes water from urine and humidity condensate and converts it into potable water and oxygen. A total of 29 ORUs are in the ECLS system, each designed to be replaced by the ISS crew when necessary. The NESC assembled a team to review the ISS ECLS regeneration system and evaluate the potential for biofouling and corrosion. This document contains the outcome of the evaluation.

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence of tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) using N-(3-aminopropyl)diethanolamine as coreactant.

PubMed

Kitte, Shimeles Addisu; Wang, Chao; Li, Suping; Zholudov, Yuriy; Qi, Liming; Li, Jianping; Xu, Guobao

2016-10-01

Coreactant plays a critical role for the application of electrochemiluminescence (ECL). Herein, N-(3-aminopropyl)diethanolamine (APDEA) has been explored as a potential coreactant for enhancing tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) ECL. It is much more effective than tripropylamine at gold and platinum electrodes although it has one primary amine group besides a tertiary amine group. The presence of primary amine group and hydroxyl groups in APDEA promotes the oxidation rates of amine and thus remarkably increases ECL intensity. The ECL intensities of the Ru(bpy)3 (2+)/APDEA system are approximately 10 and 36 times stronger than that of Ru(bpy)3 (2+)/tripropylamine system and about 1.6 and 1.14 times stronger than that of Ru(bpy)3 (2+)/N-butyldiethanolamine system at Au and Pt electrodes, respectively. The ECL intensity of the Ru(bpy)3 (2+)/APDEA system is 2.42 times stronger than that of Ru(bpy)3 (2+)/N-butyldiethanolamine at glassy carbon electrodes.

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence of tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(III) in water, acetonitrile and trifluorethanol.

PubMed

Robinson, Wesley D; Richter, Mark M

2015-02-01

The spectroscopic, electrochemical and coreactant electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) properties of Ir(ppy)3 (where ppy = 2-phenylpyridine) have been obtained in aqueous buffered (KH2PO4), 50 : 50 (v/v) acetonitrile-aqueous buffered (MeCN-KH2PO4) and 30% trifluoroethanol (TFE) solutions. Tri-n-propylamine was used as the oxidative-reductive ECL coreactant. The photoluminescence (PL) efficiency (ϕem) of Ir(ppy)3 in TFE (ϕem ≈ 0.029) was slightly higher than in 50 : 50 MeCN-KH2PO4 (ϕem ≈ 0.0021) and water (ϕem ≈ 0.00016) compared to a Ru(bpy)32+ standard solution in water (Φem ≈ 0.042). PL and ECL emission spectra were nearly identical in all three solvents, with dual emission maxima at 510 and 530 nm. The similarity between the ECL and PL spectra indicate that the same excited state is probably formed in both experiments. ECL efficiencies (ϕecl) in 30% TFE solution (ϕecl = 0.0098) were higher than aqueous solution (ϕecl = 0.00092) system yet lower than a 50% MeCN-KH2PO4 solution (ϕecl = 0.0091). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Structure, properties and enhanced expression of galactose-binding C-type lectins in mucous cells of gills from freshwater Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica).

PubMed Central

Mistry, A C; Honda, S; Hirose, S

2001-01-01

Using a Japanese-eel (Anguilla japonica) gill cDNA subtraction library, two novel beta-d-galactose-binding lectins were identified that belong to group VII of the animal C-type lectin family. The eel C-type lectins, termed eCL-1 and eCL-2, are simple lectins composed of 163 amino acid residues, including a 22-residue signal peptide for secretion and a single carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of approximately 130 residues typical of C-type lectins. The galactose specificity of the CRD was suggested by the presence of a QPD motif and confirmed by a competitive binding assay. Using Ruthenium Red staining, the lectins were shown to bind Ca(2+) ions. SDS/PAGE showed that native eCL-1 and eCL-2 have an SDS-resistant octameric structure (a tetramer of disulphide-linked dimers). Northern and Western blot analyses demonstrated high-level expression of eCL-1 and eCL-2 mRNAs and their protein products in gills from freshwater eels, which decreased markedly when the eels were transferred from freshwater to seawater. Immunohistochemistry showed that the eel lectins are localized in the exocrine mucous cells of the gill. PMID:11695997

Imaging and quantification of endothelial cell loss in eye bank prepared DMEK grafts using trainable segmentation software.

PubMed

Jardine, Griffin J; Holiman, Jeffrey D; Stoeger, Christopher G; Chamberlain, Winston D

2014-09-01

To improve accuracy and efficiency in quantifying the endothelial cell loss (ECL) in eye bank preparation of corneal endothelial grafts. Eight cadaveric corneas were subjected to Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) preparation. The endothelial surfaces were stained with a viability stain, calcein AM dye (CAM) and then captured by a digital camera. The ECL rates were quantified in these images by three separate readers using trainable segmentation, a plug-in feature from the imaging software, Fiji. Images were also analyzed by Adobe Photoshop for comparison. Mean times required to process the images were measured between the two modalities. The mean ECL (with standard deviation) as analyzed by Fiji was 22.5% (6.5%) and Adobe was 18.7% (7.0%; p = 0.04). The mean time required to process the images through the two different imaging methods was 19.9 min (7.5) for Fiji and 23.4 min (12.9) for Adobe (p = 0.17). Establishing an accurate, efficient and reproducible means of quantifying ECL in graft preparation and surgical techniques can provide insight to the safety, long-term potential of the graft tissues as well as provide a quality control measure for eye banks and surgeons. Trainable segmentation in Fiji software using CAM is a novel approach to measuring ECL that captured a statistically significantly higher percentage of ECL comparable to Adobe and was more accurate in standardized testing. Interestingly, ECL as determined using both methods in eye bank-prepared DMEK grafts exceeded 18% on average.

Ultrasensitive detection of EGFR gene based on surface plasmon resonance enhanced electrochemiluminescence of CuZnInS quantum dots.

PubMed

Chen, Xueqian; Gui, Wenying; Ma, Qiang

2018-06-07

In our work, a novel DNA electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor based on CuZnInS quantum dots (QDs) and gold-nanoparticles (Au NPs) is developed for highly sensitive detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) Gene, which has a close relation with the lung cancer. The CuZnInS QDs work as a novel kind of ECL luminophore, whose defect state emission is suitable for ECL sensing. To enhance the sensitivity of the sensing system, Au NPs are utilized creatively to strengthen the ECL intensity of CuZnInS QD S according to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect. An ultrasensitive and universal detecting platform is built based on the SPR effect between Au NPs and CuZnInS QD S . The effect of the capped stabilizer on the ECL signal of QDs is firstly investigated. Three different stabilizers are used to cap the CuZnInS QDs, including mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), l-glutathione (GSH) and cysteamine (CA). MPA capped CuZnInS QDs possess the strongest ECL intensity among the three kinds of the CuZnInS QDs. Under the optimum conditions, a good linear relationship between ECL intensity and the concentration of target DNA is obtained in the range from 0.05 nmol L -1 to 1 nmol L -1 . The detection limit is 0.0043 nmol L -1 . The proposed DNA sensor has been employed for the determination of target DNA EGFR in human serum samples with satisfactory results. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

E-Cigarette Affects the Metabolome of Primary Normal Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells

PubMed Central

Aug, Argo; Altraja, Siiri; Kilk, Kalle; Porosk, Rando; Soomets, Ursel; Altraja, Alan

2015-01-01

E-cigarettes are widely believed to be safer than conventional cigarettes and have been even suggested as aids for smoking cessation. However, while reasonable with some regards, this judgment is not yet supported by adequate biomedical research data. Since bronchial epithelial cells are the immediate target of inhaled toxicants, we hypothesized that exposure to e-cigarettes may affect the metabolome of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) and that the changes are, at least in part, induced by oxidant-driven mechanisms. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of e-cigarette liquid (ECL) on the metabolome of HBEC and examined the potency of antioxidants to protect the cells. We assessed the changes of the intracellular metabolome upon treatment with ECL in comparison of the effect of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) with mass spectrometry and principal component analysis on air-liquid interface model of normal HBEC. Thereafter, we evaluated the capability of the novel antioxidant tetrapeptide O-methyl-l-tyrosinyl-γ-l-glutamyl-l-cysteinylglycine (UPF1) to attenuate the effect of ECL. ECL caused a significant shift in the metabolome that gradually gained its maximum by the 5th hour and receded by the 7th hour. A second alteration followed at the 13th hour. Treatment with CSC caused a significant initial shift already by the 1st hour. ECL, but not CSC, significantly increased the concentrations of arginine, histidine, and xanthine. ECL, in parallel with CSC, increased the content of adenosine diphosphate and decreased that of three lipid species from the phosphatidylcholine family. UPF1 partially counteracted the ECL-induced deviations, UPF1’s maximum effect occurred at the 5th hour. The data support our hypothesis that ECL profoundly alters the metabolome of HBEC in a manner, which is comparable and partially overlapping with the effect of CSC. Hence, our results do not support the concept of harmlessness of e-cigarettes. PMID:26536230

E-Cigarette Affects the Metabolome of Primary Normal Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells.

PubMed

Aug, Argo; Altraja, Siiri; Kilk, Kalle; Porosk, Rando; Soomets, Ursel; Altraja, Alan

2015-01-01

E-cigarettes are widely believed to be safer than conventional cigarettes and have been even suggested as aids for smoking cessation. However, while reasonable with some regards, this judgment is not yet supported by adequate biomedical research data. Since bronchial epithelial cells are the immediate target of inhaled toxicants, we hypothesized that exposure to e-cigarettes may affect the metabolome of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) and that the changes are, at least in part, induced by oxidant-driven mechanisms. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of e-cigarette liquid (ECL) on the metabolome of HBEC and examined the potency of antioxidants to protect the cells. We assessed the changes of the intracellular metabolome upon treatment with ECL in comparison of the effect of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) with mass spectrometry and principal component analysis on air-liquid interface model of normal HBEC. Thereafter, we evaluated the capability of the novel antioxidant tetrapeptide O-methyl-l-tyrosinyl-γ-l-glutamyl-l-cysteinylglycine (UPF1) to attenuate the effect of ECL. ECL caused a significant shift in the metabolome that gradually gained its maximum by the 5th hour and receded by the 7th hour. A second alteration followed at the 13th hour. Treatment with CSC caused a significant initial shift already by the 1st hour. ECL, but not CSC, significantly increased the concentrations of arginine, histidine, and xanthine. ECL, in parallel with CSC, increased the content of adenosine diphosphate and decreased that of three lipid species from the phosphatidylcholine family. UPF1 partially counteracted the ECL-induced deviations, UPF1's maximum effect occurred at the 5th hour. The data support our hypothesis that ECL profoundly alters the metabolome of HBEC in a manner, which is comparable and partially overlapping with the effect of CSC. Hence, our results do not support the concept of harmlessness of e-cigarettes.

Mechanism study on inorganic oxidants induced inhibition of Ru(bpy)₃²+ electrochemiluminescence and its application for sensitive determination of some inorganic oxidants.

PubMed

Qiu, Bin; Xue, Lingling; Wu, Yanping; Lin, Zhenyu; Guo, Longhua; Chen, Guonan

2011-07-15

Inhibited Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) electrochemiluminescence by inorganic oxidants is investigated. Results showed that a number of inorganic oxidants can quench the ECL of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)/tri-n-propylamine (TPrA) system, and the logarithm of the decrease in ECL intensity (ΔI) was proportional to the logarithm of analyte concentrations. Based on which, a sensitive approach for detection of these inorganic oxidants was established, e.g. the log-log plots of ΔI versus the concentration of MnO(4)(-), Cr(2)O(7)(2-) and Fe(CN)(6)(3-) are linear in the range of 1×10(-7) to 3×10(-4)M for MnO(4)(-) and Cr(2)O(7)(2-), and 1×10(-7) to 1×10(-4)M for Fe(CN)(6)(3-), with the limit of detection (LOD) of 8.0×10(-8)M, 2×10(-8)M, and 1×10(-8)M, respectively. A series of experiments such as a comparison of the inhibitory effect of different compounds on Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)/TPrA ECL, ECL emission spectra, UV-Vis absorption spectra etc. were investigated in order to discover how these inorganic analytes quench the ECL of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)/TPrA system. A mechanism based on consumption of TPrA intermediate (TPrA(·)) by inorganic oxidants was proposed. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A pilot, randomised controlled trial of a rotational thromboelastometry-based algorithm to treat bleeding episodes in extracorporeal life support: the TEM Protocol in ECLS Study (TEMPEST).

PubMed

Buscher, Hergen; Zhang, David; Nair, Priya

2017-10-01

Minimal evidence to guide haemostatic therapy for bleeding in extracorporeal life support (ECLS) has resulted in wide variability in practice. We aimed to show that a goal-directed algorithm incorporating results from thromboelastometry (TEM) is feasible and safe for the timely management of bleeding episodes in adult patients receiving ECLS. A pilot randomised controlled trial involving 16 adult patients who underwent ECLS, randomised over 10 months. The intervention group was treated according to a goal-directed algorithm based on TEM results during bleeding episodes. Apart from the intervention, both groups received standard care including conventional laboratory coagulation tests. Need for blood product transfusion, haemorrhagic and thromboembolic complications and survival. There was a statistically non-significant trend towards reduction in the amount of blood products transfused, occurrence of bleeding, and thrombotic complications, when comparing the intervention arm with the control arm. Survival to hospital discharge was 69%. A significant correlation was found between fibrinogen levels and FIBTEM clot firmness at 10 minutes (R = 0.812; P < 0.001); activated partial thromboplastin time and clotting time HEPTEM/INTEM ratio (R = -0.719; P < 0.001); and platelet count and EXTEM clot firmness at 10 minutes (R = 0.783; P < 0.001). TEM allows assessment for coagulation status in a timely manner and its use for the treatment of bleeding episodes in adult patients receiving ECLS appears feasible and safe. Clinical benefit should be investigated in larger multicentre randomised trials.

High Voltage Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) as a New Method for Detection of PAH During Screening for PAH-Degrading Microbial Consortia.

PubMed

Staninska, Justyna; Szczepaniak, Zuzanna; Staninski, Krzysztof; Czarny, Jakub; Piotrowska-Cyplik, Agnieszka; Nowak, Jacek; Marecik, Roman; Chrzanowski, Łukasz; Cyplik, Paweł

The search for new bacterial consortia capable of removing PAH from the environment is associated with the need to employ novel, simple, and economically efficient detection methods. A fluorimetric method (FL) as well as high voltage electrochemiluminescence (ECL) on a modified surface of an aluminum electrode were used in order to determine the changes in the concentrations of PAH in the studied aqueous solutions. The ECL signal (the spectrum and emission intensity for a given wavelength) was determined with the use of an apparatus operating in single photon counting mode. The dependency of ECL and FL intensity on the concentration of naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene was linear in the studied concentration range. The biodegradation kinetics of the particular PAH compounds was determined on the basis of the obtained spectroscopic determinations. It has been established that the half-life of naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene at initial concentrations of 50 mg/l (beyond the solubility limit) reached 41, 75, and 130 h, accordingly. Additionally, the possibility of using ECL for rapid determination of the soluble fraction of PAH directly in the aqueous medium has been confirmed. Metagenomic analysis of the gene encoding 16S rRNA was conducted on the basis of V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene and allowed to identify 198 species of bacteria that create the S4consortium. The consortium was dominated by Gammaproteobacteria (78.82 %), Flavobacteria (9.25 %), Betaproteobacteria (7.68 %), Sphingobacteria (3.76 %), Alphaproteobacteria (0.42 %), Clostridia (0.04 %), and Bacilli (0.03 %).

Challenges with Navigating the Precarious Hemostatic Balance during Extracorporeal Life Support: Implications for Coagulation and Transfusion Management.

PubMed

Andrews, Jennifer; Winkler, Anne M

2016-10-01

For the past four decades, extracorporeal life support (ECLS) has been used to treat critically ill adult and pediatric patients with cardiac and/or respiratory failure, and there are increasingly numbers of centers worldwide performing ECLS for numerous indications. Despite the progress with advancing the technology, hemorrhagic and thrombotic complications are frequently reported and associated with worse outcomes, but the exact cause is often elusive or multifactorial. As a result of the interaction between blood and an artificial circuit, anticoagulation is necessary and there is resultant activation of coagulation, fibrinolysis, as well as, an increased inflammatory response. While unfractionated heparin (UFH) remains the mainstay anticoagulant used during ECLS, there is a paucity of published data to develop a universal anticoagulation guideline and centers are forced to create individualized protocols to guide anticoagulation management while lacking expertise. From an international survey, centers often use a combination of tests, which in turn result in discordant results and confused management. Studies are urgently needed to investigate optimization of current anticoagulation strategies with UFH, as well as, use of alternative anticoagulants and non-thrombogenic biomaterials. Blood transfusion during extracorporeal support typically occurs for several reasons, which includes circuit priming, restoration of oxygen carrying capacity, maintenance of a hemostatic balance, and treatment of hemorrhagic complications. As a result, the majority of patients will have been exposed to at least one blood product during extracorporeal support and transfusion utilization is high. ECLS Centers have adopted transfusion thresholds based upon practice rather than evidence as there have been no prospective studies investigating the efficacy of red cell (RBC) transfusion in patients receiving extracorporeal support. In addition, RBC transfusion has been associated with increased mortality in ECLS in several retrospective studies. Additional studies are needed to establish evidence based thresholds for transfusion support and diagnostics to guide transfusion therapy to assess efficacy of transfusion in this population, as well as, exploration of alternatives to transfusion. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A History of Spacecraft Environmental Control and Life Support Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Daues, Katherine R.

2006-01-01

A spacecraft's Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) system enables and maintains a habitable and sustaining environment for its crew. A typical ECLS system provides for atmosphere consumables and revitalization, environmental monitoring, pressure, temperature and humidity control, heat rejection (including equipment cooling), food and water supply and management, waste management, and fire detection and suppression. The following is a summary of ECLS systems used in United States (US) and Russian human spacecraft.

Space station ECLSS simplified integrated test

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schunk, Richard G.; Bagdigian, Robert M.; Carrasquillo, Robyn L.; Ogle, Kathyrn Y.; Wieland, Paul O.

1989-01-01

A discussion of the Space Station Simplified Integrated Test (SIT) was conducted. The first in a series of three integrated Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) system tests, the primary objectives of the SIT were to verify proper operation of ECLS subsystems functioning in an integrated fashion as well as to gather preliminary performance data for the partial ECLS system used in the test. A description of the SIT configuration, a summary of events, a discussion of anomalies that occurred during the test, and detailed results and analysis from individual measurements and water and gas samples taken during the test are included. The preprototype ECLS hardware used in the test is reported providing an overall process description and theory of operation for each hardware item.

When all else fails: extracorporeal life support in therapy-refractory cardiogenic shock.

PubMed

Guenther, Sabina P W; Brunner, Stefan; Born, Frank; Fischer, Matthias; Schramm, René; Pichlmaier, Maximilian; Massberg, Steffen; Hagl, Christian; Khaladj, Nawid

2016-03-01

No guidelines for mechanical circulatory support in patients with therapy-refractory cardiogenic shock and multiorgan failure including ongoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) exist. To achieve immediate cardiopulmonary stabilization, we established an interdisciplinary concept with on-site percutaneous extracorporeal life support (ECLS) implantation. From February 2012 to November 2014, 96 patients were deemed eligible for ECLS implantation. Establishing ECLS was successful in 87 patients (mean age 54 ± 13 years, 16% female, initial flow 4.4 ± 0.9 l/min). Aetiologies included acute coronary syndromes (n = 52, 60%), cardiomyopathies (n = 25, 29%) and other pathologies. Fifty-nine patients (68%) had been resuscitated, and in 27 (31%), implantation was performed during CPR; 11 patients (13%) were awake at implantation and 20 (23%) underwent implantation in the referring hospital. Metabolic parameters differed in non-survivors versus survivors before ECLS implantation (pH 7.15 ± 0.23 vs. 7.27 ± 0.18, P = 0.007; lactate levels 10.90 ± 6.00 mmol/l vs. 8.79 ± 5.78 mmol/l, P = 0.091) and 6 h postimplantation (pH 7.27 ± 0.11 vs. 7.37 ± 0.11, P < 0.001; lactate levels 10.19 ± 5.52 mmol/l vs. 5.52 ± 4.17 mmol/l, P < 0.001). Altogether 44 patients could be weaned, and 9 were bridged to assist device implantation and 1 to heart transplantation. The mean time of support was 6 days, and the 30-day survival rate was 47% (n = 41). ECLS serves as a bridge-to-decision and bridge-to-treatment device. Our interdisciplinary ECLS programme achieved acceptable survival of critically ill patients despite a substantial percentage of patients having been resuscitated and no absolute exclusion criteria. Further studies defining inclusion- and exclusion criteria might additionally improve outcome. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.

Charge Transport in the ClC-type Chloride-Proton Anti-porter from Escherichia coli*

PubMed Central

Kieseritzky, Gernot; Knapp, Ernst-Walter

2011-01-01

The first chloride transporter identified in the superfamily of ClC chloride channels was from Escherichia coli (EClC) (Accardi, A., and Miller, C. (2004) Nature 427, 803–807). Pathways, energetics, and mechanism of proton and chloride translocation and their coupling are up to now unclear. To bridge the hydrophobic gap of proton transport, we modeled four stable buried waters into both subunits of the WT EClC structure. Together they form a “water wire” connecting Glu-203 with the chloride at the central site, which in turn connects to Glu-148, the hypothetical proton exit site. Assuming the transient production of hydrochloride in the central chloride binding site of EClC, the water wire could establish a transmembrane proton transport pathway starting from Glu-203 all the way downstream onto Glu-148. We demonstrated by electrostatic and quantum chemical computations that protonation of the central chloride is energetically feasible. We characterized all chloride occupancies and protonation states possibly relevant for the proton-chloride transport cycle in EClC and constructed a working model. Accordingly, EClC evolves through states involving up to two excess protons and between one and three chlorides, which was required to fulfill the experimentally observed 2:1 stoichiometry. We show that the Y445F and E203H mutants of EClC can operate similarly, thus explaining why they exhibit almost WT activity levels. The proposed mechanism of coupled chloride-proton transport in EClC is consistent with available experimental data and allows predictions on the importance of specific amino acids, which may be probed by mutation experiments. PMID:21059656

Amplified cathodic electrochemiluminescence of luminol based on Pd and Pt nanoparticles and glucose oxidase decorated graphene as trace label for ultrasensitive detection of protein.

PubMed

Cao, Yaling; Yuan, Ruo; Chai, Yaqin; Liu, Huijing; Liao, Yuhong; Zhuo, Ying

2013-09-15

An ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor was constructed for ultrasensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) based on an amplified cathodic ECL of luminol at low potential. Firstly, Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) were electrodeposited onto single walled carbon nanotube-graphene composites (CNTs-Gra) coated glass carbon electrode (GCE) with enhanced surface area and good biocompatibility to capture primary antibody (Ab1) and then bind the antigen analytes. Secondly, Pd and Pt nanoparticles (Pd&PtNPs) decorated reduced graphene oxide (Pd&PtNPs@rGO) and glucose oxidase (GOD) labeled secondary antibody (Pd&PtNPs@ rGO-GOD-Ab2) could be captured onto the electrode surface by a sandwich immunoassay protocol to generate amplified cathodic ECL signals of luminol in the presence of glucose. The Pd&PtNPs@rGO composites and loaded GOD promoted luminol cathodic ECL response by efficiently catalyzing glucose to in-situ produce amount of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) working as a coreactant of luminol. Then in turn Pd&PtNPs catalyzed H2O2 to generate various reactive oxygen species (ROSs), which accelerated the cathodic ECL reaction of luminol, enhanced the cathodic ECL intensity of luminol and improved the sensitivity of the immunosensor. The as-proposed ECL immunosensor exhibited sensitive response on the detection of CEA ranging from 0.0001 ng mL(-1) to 160 ng mL(-1) with a detection limit of 0.03 pg mL(-1) (S/N=3). Moreover, the stability, specificity, lifetime and reproducibility tests demonstrated the feasibility of the developed immunoassay, which can be further extended to the detection of other disease biomarkers. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Prevalence of obesity among young Asian-American children.

PubMed

Jain, Anjali; Mitchell, Stephanie; Chirumamilla, Radha; Zhang, Jin; Horn, Ivor B; Lewin, Amy; Huang, Z Jennifer

2012-12-01

Asian-American children are considered to be at low risk of obesity, but previous estimates have not distinguished between children from different Asian countries. We estimate the prevalence of obesity among Asian-American children by mother's country of origin, generational status, and family socioeconomic factors using a secondary analysis of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (ECLS-B) wave III (children ∼4 years old) dataset. The ECLS-B is a nationally representative study of children born in 2001 that oversampled births to Asian mothers. Asian ethnic categories included Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, Asian Indian, Korean, Vietnamese, and Other Asian/Pacific Islander. The primary outcome variable was weight status; overweight = BMI ≥85(th) and obese = BMI ≥95(th) percentile for age and gender. Twenty-six percent [95% confidence interval (CI) 23.6-29.1] of Asian-American 4 year olds were overweight or obese, and 13% (95% CI 10.2-15.2) were obese. Chinese-American children were at lower risk of overweight or obesity (23.5%, 95% CI 18.4-29.5 ) compared to whites (36%, 95% CI 34.3-37.7); Asian-Indian 4 year olds had the lowest rates of overweight or obesity (15.6%, 95% CI 8.0-28.2) and were most likely to be underweight (10%, 95% CI 4.9-19.4). Among Asians,Vietnamese-American children had the highest rate of overweight or obesity (34.7%, 95% CI 0.6-52.3). Vietnamese-American children are at elevated risk of obesity and overweight, whereas Chinese and Asian-Indian children are at low risk. After controlling for Asian ethnicity, maternal education, and household poverty status, Asian-American children whose mothers were born outside the United States were less likely to be obese [odds ratio = 0.55 (0.32-0.95), p = 0.03].

Self-enhanced N-(aminobutyl)-N-(ethylisoluminol) derivative-based electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for sensitive laminin detection using PdIr cubes as a mimic peroxidase

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Xinya; Wang, Huijun; Wang, Haijun; Zhuo, Ying; Yuan, Ruo; Chai, Yaqin

2016-04-01

Herein, a self-enhanced N-(aminobutyl)-N-(ethylisoluminol) (ABEI) derivative-based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor was constructed for the determination of laminin (LN) using PdIr cubes as a mimic peroxidase for signal amplification. Initially, PdIr cubes with efficient peroxidase mimicking properties, large specific surface areas, and good stability and uniformity were synthesized. Then, l-cysteine (l-Cys) and ABEI were immobilized on the PdIr cubes to form the self-enhanced ECL nanocomplex (PdIr-l-Cys-ABEI). In this nanocomplex, PdIr cubes, whose catalytic constant is higher than that of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), could effectively catalyze H2O2 decomposition and thus enhance the ECL intensity of ABEI. Moreover, PdIr cubes can be easily modified with functional groups, which make them adaptable to desired supported platforms. On the other hand, l-Cys as a coreactant of ABEI could effectively enhance the luminous efficiency due to the intramolecular ECL reaction which could reduce the energy loss between l-Cys and ABEI by giving a shorter electron transfer distance. The developed strategy combined an ABEI derivative as a self-enhanced ECL luminophore and PdIr cubes as a mimic peroxidase, resulting in a significantly enhanced ECL signal output. Also, the strategy showed high sensitivity and selectivity for LN, which suggested that our new approach could be potentially applied in monitoring different proteins.

An electrochemiluminescence-supramolecular approach to sarcosine detection for early diagnosis of prostate cancer.

PubMed

Valenti, Giovanni; Rampazzo, Enrico; Biavardi, Elisa; Villani, Elena; Fracasso, Giulio; Marcaccio, Massimo; Bertani, Federico; Ramarli, Dunia; Dalcanale, Enrico; Paolucci, Francesco; Prodi, Luca

2015-01-01

Monitoring Prostate Cancer (PCa) biomarkers is an efficient way to diagnosis this disease early, since it improves the therapeutic success rate and suppresses PCa patient mortality: for this reason a powerful analytical technique such as electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is already used for this application, but its widespread usability is still hampered by the high cost of commercial ECL equipment. We describe an innovative approach for the selective and sensitive detection of the PCa biomarker sarcosine, obtained by a synergistic ECL-supramolecular approach, in which the free base form of sarcosine acts as co-reagent in a Ru(bpy)3(2+)-ECL process. We used magnetic micro-beads decorated with a supramolecular tetraphosphonate cavitand (Tiiii) for the selective capture of sarcosine hydrochloride in a complex matrix like urine. Sarcosine determination was then obtained with ECL measurements thanks to the complexation properties of Tiiii, with a protocol involving simple pH changes - to drive the capture-release process of sarcosine from the receptor - and magnetic micro-bead technology. With this approach we were able to measure sarcosine in the μM to mM window, a concentration range that encompasses the diagnostic urinary value of sarcosine in healthy subjects and PCa patients, respectively. These results indicate how this ECL-supramolecular approach is extremely promising for the detection of sarcosine and for PCa diagnosis and monitoring, and for the development of portable and more affordable devices.

Extracorporeal Life Support in Critically Ill Adults

PubMed Central

Muratore, Christopher S.

2014-01-01

Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) has become increasingly popular as a salvage strategy for critically ill adults. Major advances in technology and the severe acute respiratory distress syndrome that characterized the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic have stimulated renewed interest in the use of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal to support the respiratory system. Theoretical advantages of ECLS for respiratory failure include the ability to rest the lungs by avoiding injurious mechanical ventilator settings and the potential to facilitate early mobilization, which may be advantageous for bridging to recovery or to lung transplantation. The use of venoarterial ECMO has been expanded and applied to critically ill adults with hemodynamic compromise from a variety of etiologies, beyond postcardiotomy failure. Although technology and general care of the ECLS patient have evolved, ECLS is not without potentially serious complications and remains unproven as a treatment modality. The therapy is now being tested in clinical trials, although numerous questions remain about the application of ECLS and its impact on outcomes in critically ill adults. PMID:25046529

Quantitative Analysis of Endothelial Cell Loss in Preloaded Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Grafts.

PubMed

Wolle, Meraf A; DeMill, David L; Johnson, Lauren; Lentz, Stephen I; Woodward, Maria A; Mian, Shahzad I

2017-11-01

Availability of preloaded Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (pDMEK) tissue may increase acceptance of DMEK in surgical management of endothelial disease. The goal of this study was to determine the safety of pDMEK grafts for 24 hours before surgery by analyzing endothelial cell loss (ECL) using 2 image analysis software programs. A total of 18 cadaveric corneas were prepared for DMEK using a standardized technique and loaded in a modified Jones tube injector. Nine of the corneas were injected into Calcein AM vital dye after 1 minute (controls), and the remaining 9 corneas were left preloaded for 24 hours before injection into vital dye for staining. The stained corneas were imaged using an inverted confocal microscope. ECL was then analyzed and quantified by 2 different graders using 2 image analysis software programs. The control DMEK tissue resulted in 22.0% ± 4.0% ECL compared with pDMEK tissue, which resulted in 19.2% ± 7.2% ECL (P = 0.31). Interobserver agreement was 0.93 for MetaMorph and 0.92 for Fiji. The average time required to process images with MetaMorph was 2 ± 1 minutes and with Fiji was 20 ± 10 minutes. Intraobserver agreement was 0.97 for MetaMorph and 0.93 for Fiji. Preloading DMEK tissue is safe and may provide an alternative technique for tissue distribution and surgery for DMEK. The use of MetaMorph software for quantifying ECL is a novel and accurate imaging method with increased efficiency and reproducibility compared with the previously validated Fiji.

The inhibitory effect of the various seed coating substances against rice seed borne fungi and their shelf-life during storage.

PubMed

Thobunluepop, Pitipong

2009-08-15

Presently, chemical seed treatments are in discussion due to their directly or indirectly impacts on human health or other living organisms. They may also negatively affect the ecosystem and the food chain. In rice seeds, chemicals may cause phytotoxic effects including seed degradation. Eugenol is the main component of clove (Eugenia caryophillis) oil, which was proved to act simultaneously as bactericide, virocide and especially fungicide. The in vitro study was aimed to compare the inhibitory effect of the following seed treatment substances against seed borne fungi and their shelf-life during 12 months of storage; conventional captan (CA), chitosan-lignosulphonate polymer (CL), eugenol incorporated into chitosan-lignosulphonate polymer (E+CL) and control (CO). The obtained results of fungi inhibition were classified in three groups, which showed at first that CA treatment led to a better, i.e., longer, inhibitory effect on Alternaria padwickii, Rhizoctonia solani, Curvularia sp., Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger than E+CL. Secondly, E+CL coating polymer showed the longest inhibitory effect against Bipolaris oryzae and Nigrospora oryzae compared to CA and CL coating polymer. Finally, both CA and E+CL coating polymer had non-significant difference inhibitory effect on Fusarium moniliforme. The variant of CL coating polymer for seed coating was only during the first 6 months of storage able to inhibit all species of the observed seed borne fungi, whereas CA and E+CL coating polymer were capable to inhibit most of the fungi until 9 months of storage.

Ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescent aptasensor for ochratoxin A detection with the loop-mediated isothermal amplification.

PubMed

Yuan, Yali; Wei, Shiqiang; Liu, Guangpeng; Xie, Shunbi; Chai, Yaqin; Yuan, Ruo

2014-02-06

In this study, we for the first time presented an efficient, accurate, rapid, simple and ultrasensitive detection system for small molecule ochratoxin A (OTA) by using the integration of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique and subsequently direct readout of LAMP amplicons with a signal-on electrochemiluminescent (ECL) system. Firstly, the dsDNA composed by OTA aptamer and its capture DNA were immobilized on the electrode. After the target recognition, the OTA aptamer bond with target OTA and subsequently left off the electrode, which effectively decreased the immobilization amount of OTA aptamer on electrode. Then, the remaining OTA aptamers on the electrode served as inner primer to initiate the LAMP reaction. Interestingly, the LAMP amplification was detected by monitoring the intercalation of DNA-binding Ru(phen)3(2+) ECL indictors into newly formed amplicons with a set of integrated electrodes. The ECL indictor Ru(phen)3(2+) binding to amplicons caused the reduction of the ECL intensity due to the slow diffusion of Ru(phen)3(2+)-amplicons complex to the electrode surface. Therefore, the presence of more OTA was expected to lead to the release of more OTA aptamer, which meant less OTA aptamer remained on electrode for producing LAMP amplicons, resulting in less Ru(phen)3(2+) interlaced into the formed amplicons within a fixed Ru(phen)3(2+) amount with an obviously increased ECL signal input. As a result, a detection limit as low as 10 fM for OTA was achieved. The aptasensor also has good reproducibility and stability. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Emergency feasibility in medical intensive care unit of extracorporeal life support for refractory cardiac arrest.

PubMed

Mégarbane, Bruno; Leprince, Pascal; Deye, Nicolas; Résière, Dabor; Guerrier, Gilles; Rettab, Samia; Théodore, Jonathan; Karyo, Souheil; Gandjbakhch, Iradj; Baud, Frédéric J

2007-05-01

To report the feasibility, complications, and outcomes of emergency extracorporeal life support (ECLS) in refractory cardiac arrests in medical intensive care unit (ICU). Prospective cohort study in the medical ICU in a university hospital in collaboration with the cardiosurgical team of a neighboring hospital. Seventeen patients (poisonings: 12/17) admitted over a 2-year period for cardiac arrest unresponsive to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and advanced cardiac life support, without return of spontaneous circulation. ECLS femoral implantation under continuous cardiac massage, using a centrifugal pump connected to a hollow-fiber membrane oxygenator. Stable ECLS was achieved in 14 of 17 patients. Early complications included massive transfusions (n=8) and the need for surgical revision at the cannulation site for bleeding (n=1). Four patients (24%) survived at medical ICU discharge. Deaths resulted from multiorgan failure (n=8), thoracic bleeding(n=2), severe sepsis (n=2), and brain death (n=1). Massive hemorrhagic pulmonary edema during CPR (n=5) and major capillary leak syndrome (n=6) were observed. Three cardiotoxic-poisoned patients (18%, CPR duration: 30, 100, and 180 min) were alive at 1-year follow-up without sequelae. Two of these patients survived despite elevated plasma lactate concentrations before cannulation (39.0 and 20.0 mmol/l). ECLS was associated with a significantly lower ICU mortality rate than that expected from the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (91.9%) and lower than the maximum Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (>90%). Emergency ECLS is feasible in medical ICU and should be considered as a resuscitative tool for selected patients suffering from refractory cardiac arrest.

International Space Station Environmental Control and Life Support System Acceptance Testing for Node 1 Atmosphere Control and Supply Subsystem

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, David E.

2009-01-01

The International Space Station (ISS) Node 1 Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) System is comprised of five subsystems: Atmosphere Control and Supply (ACS), Atmosphere Revitalization (AR), Fire Detection and Suppression (FDS), Temperature and Humidity Control (THC), and Water Recovery and Management (WRM). This paper provides a summary of the Node 1 ECLS ACS subsystem design and a detailed discussion of the ISS ECLS Acceptance Testing methodology utilized for that subsystem.

A dual-potential electrochemiluminescence ratiometric sensor for sensitive detection of dopamine based on graphene-CdTe quantum dots and self-enhanced Ru(II) complex.

PubMed

Fu, Xiaomin; Tan, Xingrong; Yuan, Ruo; Chen, Shihong

2017-04-15

A novel dual-potential ratiometric electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor was designed for detecting dopamine (DA) based on graphene-CdTe quantum dots (G-CdTe QDs) as the cathodic emitter and self-enhanced Ru(II) composite (TAEA-Ru) as the anodic emitter. TAEA-Ru was prepared by linking ruthenium(II) tris(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylato) with tris(2-aminoethyl)amine. Firstly, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane founctionalized G-CdTe QDs was used as the substrate for capturing target DA via the specific recognition of the diol of DA to the oxyethyl group of APTES. Then, Cu 2 O nanocrystals supported TAEA-Ru was further bound by the strong interaction between amino groups of DA and carboxyl groups of the Cu 2 O-TAEA-Ru. With the increase in DA concentration, the loading of Cu 2 O-TAEA-Ru at the electrode increased. As a result, the anodic ECL signal from TAEA-Ru increased, and the cathodic ECL signal from G-CdTe QDs/O 2 system decreased correspondingly. Such a decrease was resulted from the ECL resonance energy transfer (RET) from G-CdTe QDs to TAEA-Ru as well as the dual quenching effects of Cu 2 O to G-CdTe QDs, namely the ECL-RET from G-CdTe QDs to Cu 2 O and the consumption of coreactant O 2 by Cu 2 O. Based on the ratio of two ECL signals, the determination of DA was achieved with a linear range from 10.0 fM to 1.0nM and a detection limit low to 2.9 fM (S/N=3). The combination of G-CdTe QDs/O 2 and TAEA-Ru would break the limitation of the same coreatant shared in previous ECL ratiometric systems and provide a potential application of ECL ratiometric sensor in the detection of biological small molecules with the assistance of the dual molecular recognition strategy. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Clinical aspects of ECL-cell abnormalities.

PubMed Central

Hirschowitz, B. I.

1998-01-01

ECL cell hyperplasia results from hypergastrinemia, and in man this occurs due to achlorhydria in atrophic gastritis (pernicious anemia [PA]) and gastrinoma (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome [ZES]). Progression to neoplasia, i.e., ECL cell carcinoids (usually small, multicentric and non-functional), occurs in some five to 10 percent of patients with PA where they remain gastrin-dependent and reversible by normalization of serum gastrin by antrectomy. Even if untreated, the carcinoids are almost invariably benign and do not cause death. In ZES, ECL cell hyperplasia is progressive due to hypergastrinemia. However, carcinoids develop only in the MEN-I subtype but pose no additional threat of malignancy. A conservative approach is recommended for small multicentric carcinoids, and the tumors do not need removal. By contrast, single, large, non-gastrin-dependent carcinoids represent a different biological and clinical problem and are frequently malignant. PMID:10461361

An electrochemiluminescence biosensor for endonuclease EcoRI detection.

PubMed

Li, Yingjie; Li, Yuqin; Wu, Yaoyu; Lu, Fushen; Chen, Yaowen; Gao, Wenhua

2017-03-15

Endonucleases cleavage of DNA plays an important role in biological and medicinal chemistry. This work was going to develop a reliable and sensitive electrochemiluminescent (ECL) biosensor for detecting endonucleases by using gold nanoparticles graphene composite (GNPs-graphene) as a signal amplifier. Firstly, the GNPs and graphene were simultaneously deposited on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by cyclic voltammetry. Then a stem DNA was anchored on the surface of GCE. And with a modifying DNA introduced into the electrode by DNA assembly, a strong ECL signal was obtained. After a DNA modified with ferrocene assembly to the stem DNA, the ECL signal had a sharp decrease due to the quench effect of ferrocene to and the biosensor comes into being a "off" state. With the effect of endonuclease, the ECL signal had a recovery because of the ferrocene being released and the biosensor formed a "on" state. Moreover, the recovery of ECL signal was related to the concentration of endonucleases. Combining specific defined DNA and endonuclease, this method has a potential to detect different endonucleases. In this work, we took the EcoRI as an example to identify the feasibility of ECL biosensor in applying in sensitive detection of endonucleases using a GNPs-graphene signal amplifier. Under optimal condition, the proposed biosensor obtained a low limit of detection (LOD) 5.6×10 -5 UmL -1 . And the stability, selectivity and reproducibility of the biosensor also were researched. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Percutaneous extracorporeal life support for patients in therapy refractory cardiogenic shock: initial results of an interdisciplinary team.

PubMed

Guenther, Sabina; Theiss, Hans D; Fischer, Matthias; Sattler, Stefan; Peterss, Sven; Born, Frank; Pichlmaier, Maximilian; Massberg, Steffen; Hagl, Christian; Khaladj, Nawid

2014-03-01

Therapy refractory cardiogenic shock is associated with dismal outcome. Percutaneous implantation of an extracorporeal life support (ECLS) system achieves immediate cardiopulmonary stabilization, sufficient end-organ perfusion and reduction of subsequent multiorgan failure (MOF). Forty-one patients undergoing percutaneous ECLS implantation for cardiogenic shock from February 2012 until August 2013 were retrospectively analysed. Mean age was 52 ± 13 years, 6 (15%) were female. Mean pH values obtained before ECLS implantation were 7.15 ± 0.24, mean lactate concentration was 11.7 ± 6.4 mmol/l. Levels obtained 6 h after ECLS implantation were 7.30 ± 0.14 and 8.7 ± 5.0 mmol/l, respectively. In 23 patients (56%) cardiogenic shock resulted from an acute coronary syndrome in 13 (32%) from cardiomyopathy, in 5 (12%) from other causes. Twenty-seven (66%) had been resuscitated, in 14 (34%) implantation was performed under ongoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Of note, 97% of the acute coronary syndrome patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) either before ECLS implantation or under ECLS support. Extracorporeal life support implantation was performed on scene (Emergency Department, Cath Lab, Intensive Care Unit) by a senior cardiac surgeon and a trained perfusionist, in 8 cases (20%) in the referring hospital. Thirty-day mortality was 51% [21 patients, due to MOF (n = 14), cerebral complications (n = 6) and heart failure (n = 1)]. Logistic regression analysis identified 6-h pH values as an independent risk factor of 30-day mortality (P < 0.001, OR = 0.000, 95% CI 0.000-0.042). Neither CPR nor implantation under ongoing CPR resulted in significant differences. In 26 cases (63%), the ECLS system could be explanted, after mean support of 169 ± 67 h. Seven of these patients received cardiac surgery [ventricular assist device implantation (n = 4), heart transplantation (n = 1), other procedures (n = 2)]. Due to the evolution of transportable ECLS systems and percutaneous techniques implantation on scene is feasible. Extracorporeal life support may serve as a bridge-to-decision and bridge-to-treatment device. Neurological evaluation before ventricular assist device implantation and PCI under stable conditions are possible. Despite substantial mortality, ECLS implantation in selected patients by an experienced team offers additional support to conventional therapy as well as CPR and allows survival in patients that otherwise most likely would have died. This concept has to be implemented in cardiac survival networks in the future.

Capillary electrophoresis coupled with electrochemiluminescence for determination of atomoxetine hydrochloride and the study on its interactions with three proteins.

PubMed

Zeng, Hua-jin; Yang, Ran; Zhang, Ying; Li, Jian-jun; Qu, Ling-bo

2015-03-01

A simple, rapid and sensitive method for the determination of atomoxetine hydrochloride (AH) by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection (CE-ECL) using tris(2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium (II) was developed. Under optimized conditions, the determinations of AH in capsules and rat plasmas and the study on its interactions with three plasma proteins, including bovine serum albumin, cytochrome c and myoglobin were performed successfully. Relative to some previous studies, in this paper the methodologies for the determination of AH in aqueous solution and spiked plasma systems were established, respectively. By comparing the difference between the two work curves of two systems, the matrix effect in plasma samples on the determination of AH by the CE-ECL method was discussed in detail. The results indicated that the effect of the matrix in plasma samples should not be ignored even if no obvious interference was found in the electropherograms and the establishment of method validation in complex samples by the CE-ECL method was necessary. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Signal-off Electrochemiluminescence Biosensor Based on Phi29 DNA Polymerase Mediated Strand Displacement Amplification for MicroRNA Detection.

PubMed

Chen, Anyi; Gui, Guo-Feng; Zhuo, Ying; Chai, Ya-Qin; Xiang, Yun; Yuan, Ruo

2015-06-16

A target induced cycling strand displacement amplification (SDA) mediated by phi29 DNA polymerase (phi29) was first investigated and applied in a signal-off electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor for microRNA (miRNA) detection. Herein, the target miRNA triggered the phi29-mediated SDA which could produce amounts of single-stranded DNA (assistant probe) with accurate and comprehensive nucleotide sequence. Then, the assistant probe hybridized with the capture probe and the ferrocene-labeled probe (Fc-probe) to form a ternary "Y" structure for ECL signal quenching by ferrocene. Therefore, the ECL intensity would decrease with increasing concentration of the target miRNA, and the sensitivity of biosensor would be promoted on account of the efficient signal amplification of the target induced cycling reaction. Besides, a self-enhanced Ru(II) ECL system was designed to obtain a stable and strong initial signal to further improve the sensitivity. The ECL assay for miRNA-21 detection is developed with excellent sensitivity of a concentration variation from 10 aM to 1.0 pM and limit of detection down to 3.3 aM.

Comparison of two types of neonatal extracorporeal life support systems with pulsatile and nonpulsatile flow.

PubMed

Haines, Nikkole; Wang, Shigang; Myers, John L; Undar, Akif

2009-11-01

We compared the effects of two neonatal extracorporeal life support (ECLS) systems on circuit pressures and surplus hemodynamic energy levels in a simulated ECLS model. The clinical set-up included the Jostra HL-20 heart-lung machine, either the Medtronic ECMO (0800) or the MEDOS 800LT systems with company-provided circuit components, a 10 Fr arterial cannula, and a pseudo-patient. We tested the system in nonpulsatile and pulsatile flow modes at two flow rates using a 40/60 glycerin/water blood analog, for a total of 48 trials, with n = 6 for each set-up. The pressure drops over the Medtronic ECLS were significantly higher than those over the MEDOS system regardless of the flow rate or perfusion mode (144.8 +/- 0.2 mm Hg vs. 35.7 +/- 0.2 mm Hg, respectively, at 500 mL/min in nonpulsatile mode, P < 0.001). The preoxygenator mean arterial pressures were significantly increased and the precannula hemodynamic energy values were decreased with the Medtronic ECLS circuit. These results suggest that the MEDOS ECLS circuit better transmits hemodynamic energy to the patient, keeps mean circuit pressures lower, and has lower pressure drops than the Medtronic Circuit.

A new verification film system for routine quality control of radiation fields: Kodak EC-L.

PubMed

Hermann, A; Bratengeier, K; Priske, A; Flentje, M

2000-06-01

The use of modern irradiation techniques requires better verification films for determining set-up deviations and patient movements during the course of radiation treatment. This is an investigation of the image quality and time requirement of a new verification film system compared to a conventional portal film system. For conventional verifications we used Agfa Curix HT 1000 films which were compared to the new Kodak EC-L film system. 344 Agfa Curix HT 1000 and 381 Kodak EC-L portal films of different tumor sites (prostate, rectum, head and neck) were visually judged on a light box by 2 experienced physicians. Subjective judgement of image quality, masking of films and time requirement were checked. In this investigation 68% of 175 Kodak EC-L ap/pa-films were judged "good", only 18% were classified "moderate" or "poor" 14%, but only 22% of 173 conventional ap/pa verification films (Agfa Curix HT 1000) were judged to be "good". The image quality, detail perception and time required for film inspection of the new Kodak EC-L film system was significantly improved when compared with standard portal films. They could be read more accurately and the detection of set-up deviation was facilitated.

Novel electrochemiluminescence of perylene derivative and its application to mercury ion detection based on a dual amplification strategy.

PubMed

Zhao, Jing; Lei, Yan-Mei; Chai, Ya-Qin; Yuan, Ruo; Zhuo, Ying

2016-12-15

In this paper, a novel covalently crosslinked perylene derivative (PTC-PEI) composed of polyethylenimine (PEI) and perylenetetracarboxylic acid (PTCA) has been first investigated for cathodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) in an aqueous system with dissolved O2 as coreactant. The promising novel ECL materials of PTC-PEI exhibited admirable physical and chemical stability and high ECL intensity, which held an alternative way to construct ECL sensor with improved sensitivity. Thus, it was applied to construct a dual amplified "signal-on" mercury ion (Hg(2+)) sensor by the employment of nicking endonuclease (NEase)-assisted target recycling and rolling circle amplification (RCA) for signal amplification. Herein, a long G-rich sequence was generated by RCA process to capture abundant hemin on the electrode surface, and then a significantly amplified ECL signal of PTC-PEI was obtained. Based on dual signal amplification strategy, the devised sensor showed a linear range from 0.1pM to 0.1μΜ with a detection limit down to 33fM (S/N=3), and was successfully used in the direct detection of real water sample with high sensitivity and selectivity. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

[Ru(dpp)(3)][(4-Clph)(4)B](2) nanoislands directly assembled on an ITO electrode surface and its electrogenerated chemiluminescence.

PubMed

Chen, Ying; Mao, Jianfei; Liu, Chunhua; Yuan, Hongyan; Xiao, Dan; Choi, Martin M F

2009-01-20

In this work, solid-state tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) ruthenium(II) ditetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate ([Ru(dpp)(3)][(4-Clph)(4)B](2)) nanoislands are assembled spontaneously and simultaneously on an indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) glass electrode surface via a facile dewetting procedure. The fabrication process is very simple and also amenable to mass production. The as-prepared ruthenium complex nanoislands exhibit useful properties. The electrode is more electrochemically active and can produce strong, stable, reproducible solid-state electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signals using oxalate as the coreactant. The self-assembled nanoislands exhibit semiconductor-like broad, red-shift ECL spectrum. More importantly, they extend the application of the ruthenium complex ECL system from the usual alkaline to acidic conditions. The pH turn-off behavior of the ECL is observed for the first time and can serve as an ultrasensitive pH sensor around physiological pH 7.0. The solid-state [Ru(dpp)(3)][(4-Clph)(4)B](2) ECL signal is efficiently inhibited by phenol even at a very low concentration (i.e., 20 nM), thus providing the potential for the determination of phenolic compounds in practical applications.

Investigation of electro-optical properties for electrochemical luminescence device with a new electrode structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ok, Jung-Woo; Pooyodying, Pattarapon; Anuntahirunrat, Jirapat; Sung, Youl-Moon

2018-04-01

In this paper, we investigate electrochemical luminescent (ECL) device with a new structure and the ECL cell device with proposed electrode configuration works reliably at AC voltage. In particular, the conventional ECL cell has counter electrodes in which a cathode and an anode are opposed to each other, whereas the proposed structure has parallel electrodes in which a cathode and an anode are arranged on a single substrate. The proposed electrode configuration has a structural feature that electric short-circuiting is less likely to occur during bending than the conventional electrode configuration. The electro-optical characteristics of the new electrode configuration such as the current density, the light emission intensity, and the time evolution of the emission are investigated. The proposed ECL device exhibited higher light emitting efficiency than the conventional structure. Especially, at AC operation mode, the new structure showed the distinctive luminescence characteristic which is combined the first luminescence near the surface of electrode with the delayed second luminescence near the center of between electrodes. It was closely related to the behavior of luminescent particles. The proposed the ECL cell structure is expected to be utilized as a flexible display device by taking advantage of its characteristics and practicality.

[Interhospital transport with extracorporeal life support: results and perspectives after 5 years experience].

PubMed

Desebbe, O; Rosamel, P; Henaine, R; Vergnat, M; Farhat, F; Dubien, P Y; Bastien, O

2013-04-01

Describing the experience of a referral center for interhospital patients transport treated with extracorporeal circulatory or respiratory support (ECLS), the difficulties encountered and the results obtained. Retrospective and observational study. All patients with respiratory or circulatory failure accepted for extracorporeal assistance for which routine medical transport was life threatening. A descriptive analysis was performed (median and interquartile deviation). Comparison of biological data was performed using a non-parametric Wilcoxon test and 5 years overall survival was determined by a Kaplan-Meier analysis. Over a 55-month period, 29 patients were selected for transportation under ECMO or ECLS. Indication was respiratory failure in 38 % of cases, hemodynamic instability in 52 % of cases and combined symptoms in 10 % of cases. Average duration of transportation was 40 km (9-64 km). No complication related to transport was observed. Incidence of intrahospital death was 57 %. There was no correlation between death and indication of ECLS. Five-year survival was 55 % and 39 % for venovenous and arteriovenous ECLS, respectively. In our experience, interhospital transport of patients under ECMO is feasible in satisfactory conditions of safety with trained team and standard procedures. Copyright © 2013 Société française d’anesthésie et de réanimation (Sfar). Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.

Label-free electrochemiluminescence biosensor for ultrasensitive detection of telomerase activity in HeLa cells based on extension reaction and intercalation of Ru(phen)3 (2.).

PubMed

Lin, Yue; Yang, Linlin; Yue, Guiyin; Chen, Lifen; Qiu, Bin; Guo, Longhua; Lin, Zhenyu; Chen, Guonan

2016-10-01

Telomerase is one of the most common markers of human malignant tumors, such as uterine, stomach, esophageal, breast, colorectal, laryngeal squamous cell, thyroid, bladder, and so on. It is necessary to develop some sensitive but convenient detection methods for telomerase activity determination. In this study, a label-free and ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor has been fabricated to detect the activity of telomerase extracted from HeLa cells. Thiolated telomerase substrate (TS) primer was immobilized on the gold electrode surface through gold-sulfur (Au-S) interaction and then elongated by telomerase specifically. Then, it was hybridized with complementary DNA to form double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) fragments on the electrode surface, and Ru(phen)3 (2+) has been intercalated into the dsDNA grooves to act as the ECL probe. The enhanced ECL intensity has a linear relationship with the number of HeLa cells in the range of 5∼5000 and with a detection limit of 2 HeLa cells. The proposed ECL biosensor has high specificity to telomerase in the presence of common interferents. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were <5 % at 100 HeLa cells. The proposed method provides a convenient approach for telomerase-related cancer screening or diagnosis.

A review of portal screen-film technology and five radiologists' evaluations of some existing products.

PubMed

Walker, M A; Steinheimer, D N; Weir, V A; Homco, L D; Green, R W; Morris, E L; Hess, M E

1999-01-01

Portal radiographs, radiographs made to document the accuracy of radiotherapy treatment fields, are typically of poor image contrast. Recently, a new portal film and screened-cassette system was marketed, the Kodak EC-L system, with the claim of greatly improved image contrast. This new EC-L system was tested on a canine cadaver exposed to Cobalt-60 teletherapy gamma radiation, and image quality was compared to earlier marketed Kodak portal film products. The EC-L system was found to provide portal images of improved contrast/quality.

International Space Station Environmental Control and Life Support System Acceptance Testing for the Pressurized Mating Adapters

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, David E.

2008-01-01

The International Space Station (ISS) Pressurized Mating Adapters (PMAs) Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) System is comprised of three subsystems: Atmosphere Control and Supply (ACS), Temperature and Humidity Control (THC), and Water Recovery and Management (WRM). PMAs 1 and 2 flew to ISS on Flight 2A and Pressurized Mating Adapter (PMA) 3 flew to ISS on Flight 3A. This paper provides a summary of the PMAs ECLS design and a detailed discussion of the ISS ECLS Acceptance Testing methodologies utilized for the PMAs.

Influence of hiatal hernia and male sex on the relationship between alcohol intake and occurrence of Barrett’s esophagus

PubMed Central

Fujita, Tsuyoshi; Murakami, Manabu; Yamazaki, Yukinao; Kobayashi, Masao; Terao, Shuichi; Sanuki, Tsuyoshi; Okada, Akihiko; Adachi, Masayasu; Shiomi, Hideyuki; Arisaka, Yoshifumi; Kutsumi, Hiromu; Umegaki, Eiji; Azuma, Takeshi

2018-01-01

Background The association of alcohol intake with the incidence of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) has been inconsistent. Although hiatal hernia and male sex are well-known risk factors of BE, its effect on the association of alcohol intake with the incidence of BE remains unknown. Aim To investigate whether the influence of alcohol intake on the occurrence of BE might differ depending on male sex and presence of hiatal hernia. Methods We utilized a database of 8031 patients that underwent upper endoscopy for health screening in a prospective, multicenter, cohort study (the Upper Gastro Intestinal Disease study). The incidence of endoscopic columnar-lined esophagus (eCLE; endoscopically diagnosed BE) was the outcome variable. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between alcohol intake and eCLE stratified by male sex and hiatal hernia, adjusting for clinical features and other potential confounders. Results Alcohol intake (≥20 g/day) showed a marginally significant association with the incidence of eCLE in participants without hiatal hernia (0 vs. ≥20 g/day; odds ratio [OR], 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92–2.85, P = 0.09) but not in participants with hiatal hernia (0 vs. ≥20/day; OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.59–1.65; P = 0.95). Furthermore, alcohol intake (≥20 g/day) was significantly associated with the incidence of eCLE in male participants without hiatal hernia (0 vs. ≥20 g/day; OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.04–4.03; P = 0.04) but not in female participants without hiatal hernia (0 vs. ≥20 g/day; OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.03–2.37; P = 0.42). Conclusions The effect of alcohol intake on the incidence of eCLE might be associated with hiatal hernia status and male sex. PMID:29447244

Electrochemiluminescence based competitive immunoassay for Sudan I by using gold-functionalized graphitic carbon nitride and Au/Cu alloy nanoflowers.

PubMed

Chen, Wanlu; Yao, Xun; Zhou, Xinchun; Zhao, Kang; Deng, Anping; Li, Jianguo

2018-05-01

A flower-like Au/Cu alloy nanocomposite (Au/Cu NFs) was synthesized and used in an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) based method for sensitive determination of the dye Sudan I. The Au-g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets as an ECL emitter were prepared by electrostatic adsorption between gold nanoparticles and g-C 3 N 4 . They form a film on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and then can be connected with Sudan I antigen via gold-nitrogen bond and amidation reactions. The Au/Cu NFs combined with Sudan I antibody also via the Au-N bond and was introduced into the modified GCE by specific recognition between the antibody and the antigen. The overlap between emission spectra of the Au-g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets and absorption spectra of Au/Cu NFs enabled the appearance of ECL resonance energy transfer process. That is, when the Sudan I analyte not present, the ECL was weakened due to absorption by the gray Au/Cu NFs on applying voltages from -1.7 V to 0 V. Conversely, the Au/Cu NFs on the GCE are reduced due to the competition for the antibody between the analyte and the antigen. A strong green ECL emission was obtained. The ECL response is linear in the 0.5 pg mL -1 to 100 ng mL -1 Sudan I concentration range, and the detection limit is 0.17 pg mL -1 . Graphical abstract An Au/Cu alloy flower-like nanocomposite (Au/Cu NFs) is firstly synthesized as an acceptor to constitute an electrochemiluminescence-resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) system for sensitive measurement of Sudan I, while Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) functionalized graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) acted as a donor.

Child Adjustment and Parent Functioning: Considering the Role of Child Driven Effects

PubMed Central

Yan, Ni; Ansari, Arya

2016-01-01

Based on 13,694 mother-child dyads from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K), this study examined the bidirectional relations between parental and child functioning from kindergarten through third grade. Results from the cross-lagged models demonstrated that child-driven effects co-occurred with parental effects and these effects were comparable in size. At the same time, however, results from the latent profile analysis revealed idiosyncratic patterns of parent and child functioning. Compared with children in the least optimal functioning profiles, those in the average and above average profiles elicited greater improvements in parents’ functioning over time. Although children characterized by poor academic performance at kindergarten appeared to precede parents characterized by harsh parenting at third grade, there was a threshold in the evolving strength of the overall child-driven effects. Taken together, the results from this study underscore the importance of considering reciprocal processes in the parent-child dynamic while also underscoring individual differences in these processes across the early to middle childhood years. PMID:26866838

Electrochemiluminescence of luminol enhanced by the synergetic catalysis of hemin and silver nanoparticles for sensitive protein detection.

PubMed

Jiang, Xinya; Chai, Yaqin; Wang, Haijun; Yuan, Ruo

2014-04-15

A novel and ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor, which was based on the amplifying ECL of luminol by hemin-reduced graphene oxide (hemin-rGO) and Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) decorated reduced graphene oxide (Ag-rGO), was constructed for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). For this proposed sandwich-type ECL immunosensor, Au nanoparticles electrodeposited (DpAu) onto hemin-rGO (DpAu/hemin-rGO) constructed the base of the immunosensor. DpAu had outstanding electrical conductivity to promote the electron transfer at the electrode interface and had good biocompatibility to load large amounts of primary antibody (Ab1), which provided an excellent platform for this immunosensor. Moreover, AgNPs and glucose oxidase (GOD) functionalized graphene labeled secondary antibody (Ag-rGO-Ab2-GOD) was designed as the signal probe for the sandwiched immunosensor. Not only did the hemin-rGO improve the electron transfer of the electrode surface, but hemin also further amplified the ECL signal of luminol in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). With the aid of Ag-rGO-Ab2-GOD, enhanced signal was obtained by in situ generation of H2O2 and catalysis of AgNPs to ECL reaction of the luminol-H2O2 system. The as-prepared ECL immunosensor exhibited excellent analytical property for the detection of CEA in the range from 0.1 pg mL(-1) to 160 ng mL(-1) with a detection limit of 0.03 pg mL(-1) (SN(-1)=3). © 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Electrochemiluminescence sensor for melamine based on a Ru(bpy)₃²⁺-doped silica nanoparticles/carboxylic acid functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes/Nafion composite film modified electrode.

PubMed

Chen, Xiaomei; Lian, Sai; Ma, Ying; Peng, Aihong; Tian, Xiaotian; Huang, Zhiyong; Chen, Xi

2016-01-01

In this work, a sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor for the determination of melamine (MEL) was developed based on a Ru(bpy)3(2+)-doped silica nanoparticles (RUDS)/carboxylic acid functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CMWCNTs)/Nafion composite film modified electrode. The homogeneous spherical RUDS were synthesized by a reverse microemulsion method. As Ru(bpy)3(2+) were encapsulated in the RUDS, Ru(bpy)3(2+) dropping from the modified electrode can be greatly prevented, which is helpful for obtaining a stable ECL signal. Moreover, to improve the conductivity of the film and promote the electron transfer rate on electrode surface, CMWCNTs with excellent electrical conductivity and large surface area were applied in the construction of the sensing film. As CMWCNTs acted as electron bridges making more Ru(bpy)3(2+) participate in the reaction, the ECL intensity was greatly enhanced. Under the optimum conditions, the relative ECL signal (△IECL) was proportional to the logarithmic MEL concentration ranging from 5×10(-13) to 1×10(-7) mol L(-1) with a detection limit of 1×10(-13) mol L(-1). To verify the reliability, the thus-fabricated ECL sensor was applied to determine the concentration of MEL in milk. Based on these investigations, the proposed ECL sensor exhibited good feasibility and high sensitivity for the determination of MEL, promising the applicability of this sensor in practical analysis. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Assessment issues in the testing of children at school entry.

PubMed

Rock, Donald A; Stenner, A Jackson

2005-01-01

The authors introduce readers to the research documenting racial and ethnic gaps in school readiness. They describe the key tests, including the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT), the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS), and several intelligence tests, and describe how they have been administered to several important national samples of children. Next, the authors review the different estimates of the gaps and discuss how to interpret these differences. In interpreting test results, researchers use the statistical term "standard deviation" to compare scores across the tests. On average, the tests find a gap of about 1 standard deviation. The ECLS-K estimate is the lowest, about half a standard deviation. The PPVT estimate is the highest, sometimes more than 1 standard deviation. When researchers adjust those gaps statistically to take into account different outside factors that might affect children's test scores, such as family income or home environment, the gap narrows but does not disappear. Why such different estimates of the gap? The authors consider explanations such as differences in the samples, racial or ethnic bias in the tests, and whether the tests reflect different aspects of school "readiness," and conclude that none is likely to explain the varying estimates. Another possible explanation is the Spearman Hypothesis-that all tests are imperfect measures of a general ability construct, g; the more highly a given test correlates with g, the larger the gap will be. But the Spearman Hypothesis, too, leaves questions to be investigated. A gap of 1 standard deviation may not seem large, but the authors show clearly how it results in striking disparities in the performance of black and white students and why it should be of serious concern to policymakers.

SUMMARY OF THE ECL2 WORKSHOP

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

FISCHER,W.

We summarize the ECL2 workshop on electron cloud clearing, which was held at CERN in early March 2007, and highlight a number of novel ideas for electron cloud suppression, such as continuous clearing electrodes based on enamel, slotted structures, and electrete inserts.

Gold Nanoclusters@Ru(bpy)₃²⁺-Layered Double Hydroxide Ultrathin Film as a Cathodic Electrochemiluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Probe.

PubMed

Yu, Yingchang; Lu, Chao; Zhang, Meining

2015-08-04

Herein, it is the first report that a cathodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) resonance energy transfer (ERET) system is fabricated by layer-by-layer (LBL) electrostatic assembly of CoAl layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets with a mixture of blue BSA-gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) and Ru(bpy)3(2+) (denoted as AuNCs@Ru) on an Au electrode. The possible ECL mechanism indicates that the appearance of CoAl-LDH nanosheets generates a long-range stacking order of the AuNCs@Ru on an Au electrode, facilitating the occurrence of the ERET between BSA-AuNC donors and Ru(bpy)3(2+) acceptors on the as-prepared AuNCs@Ru-LDH ultrathin films (UTFs). Furthermore, it is observed that the cathodic ECL intensity can be quenched efficiently in the presence of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) in a linear range of 2.5-100 nM with a detection limit of 1.0 nM. On the basis of these interesting phenomena, a facile cathodic ECL sensor has successfully distinguished 6-MP from other thiol-containing compounds (e.g., cysteine and glutathione) in human serum and urine samples. The proposed sensing scheme opens a way for employing the layered UTFs as a platform for the cathodic ECL of Ru(bpy)3(2+).

A novel strategy for synthesis of hollow gold nanosphere and its application in electrogenerated chemiluminescence glucose biosensor.

PubMed

Zhong, Xia; Chai, Ya-Qin; Yuan, Ruo

2014-10-01

Well-distributed hollow gold nanospheres (Aushell@GOD) (20 ± 5 nm) were synthesized using the glucose oxidase (GOD) cross-linked with glutaraldehyde as a template. A glucose biosensor was prepared based on Aushell@GOD nanospheres for catalyzing luminol electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL). Firstly, chitosan was modified in a glassy carbon electrode which offered an interface of abundant amino-groups to assemble Aushell@GOD nanospheres. Then, glucose oxidase was adsorbed on the surface of Aushell@GOD nanospheres via binding interactions between Aushell and amino groups of GOD to construct a glucose biosensor. The Aushell@GOD nanospheres were investigated with TEM and UV-vis. The ECL behaviors of the biosensor were also investigated. Results showed that, the obtained Aushell@GOD nanospheres exhibited excellent catalytic effect towards the ECL of luminol-H2O2 system. The response of the prepared biosensor to glucose was linear with the glucose concentration in the range of 1.0 μM to 4.3mM (R=0.9923) with a detection limit of 0.3 μM (signal to noise=3). This ECL biosensor exhibited short response time and excellent stability for glucose. At the same time the prepared ECL biosensor showed good reproducibility, sensitivity and selectivity. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Use of a continuous glucose sensor in an extracorporeal life support circuit.

PubMed

Steil, Garry M; Alexander, Jamin; Papas, Alexandra; Monica, Langer; Modi, Biren P; Piper, Hannah; Jaksic, Tom; Gottlieb, Rebecca; Agus, Michael S D

2011-01-01

Standard care for infants on extracorporeal life support (ECLS) relies on intermittent measurement of blood glucose (BG); however, this can lead to significant changes in BG that go unrecognized for several hours. The present study was designed to assess performance and clinical applicability of a subcutaneous glucose sensor technology modified for use as a blood-contacting sensor within the ECLS circuit. Twelve children, aged 3 years or less, requiring ECLS support were studied. Three continuous glucose sensors (Medtronic MiniMed) were inserted into hubs placed in line with the ECLS circuit. Blood glucose was assessed with a laboratory analyzer (BG(LAB); Bayer Rapidlab 860) approximately every 5 h (mean 4.9 ± 3.3 h) with more frequent samples obtained with a bedside monitor (HemoCue) as needed. Sensor current (I(SIG)) was transmitted to a laptop computer and retrospectively calibrated using BGLAB. Sensor performance was assessed by mean absolute relative difference (MARD), linear regression slope and intercept, and correlation, all with BGLAB as reference. The BGLAB averaged 107.6 ± 36.4 mg/dl (mean ± standard deviation) ranging from 58 to 366 mg/dl. The MARD was 11.4%, with linear regression slope (0.86 ± 0.030) and intercept (9.0 ± 3.2 mg/dl) different from 1 and 0, respectively (p < .05), and correlation (r² = 0.76; p < .001). The system was not associated with any adverse events, and placement and removal into the hubs was easily accomplished. Instances in which more frequent BG values were obtained using a bedside HemoCue (BGHEMO) monitor showed the sensor to respond rapidly to changes. We conclude that continuous sensors can be adapted for use in an ECLS circuit with accuracy similar to or better than that achieved with the subcutaneous site. Continuous glucose monitoring in this population can rapidly detect changes in BG that would not otherwise be observed. Further studies will be needed to assess the benefit of continuous glucose monitoring in this population. © 2010 Diabetes Technology Society.

Ultrasonic microdialysis coupled with capillary electrophoresis electrochemiluminescence study the interaction between trimetazidine dihydrochloride and human serum albumin.

PubMed

Sun, Shuangjiao; Long, Chanjuan; Tao, Chunyao; Meng, Sa; Deng, Biyang

2014-12-03

The paper describes a homemade ultrasonic microdialysis device coupled with capillary electrophoresis electrochemiluminescence (CE-ECL) for studying the interaction between human serum albumin (HSA) and trimetazidine dihydrochloride (TMZ). The time required for equilibrium by ultrasonic microdialysis was 45min, which was far less than that by traditional dialysis (240min). It took 80min to achieve the required combination equilibrium by normal incubation and only 20min by ultrasonic. Compared with traditional dialysis, the use of ultrasonic microdialysis simplified experimental procedures, shortened experimental time and saved consumption of sample. A simple, sensitive and selective determination of TMZ was developed using CE-ECL and the parameters that affected ECL intensity were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the linear range of TMZ was from 0.075 to 80μmol/L (r(2)=0.9974). The detection limit was 26nmol/L with RSD of 2.8%. The number of binding sites and binding constant were 1.54 and 15.17L/mol, respectively. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effectiveness of octreotide in controlling fasting hypergastrinemia and related enterochromaffin-like cell growth.

PubMed

Ferraro, G; Annibale, B; Marignani, M; Azzoni, C; D'Adda, T; D'Ambra, G; Bordi, C; delle Fave, G

1996-02-01

The effects of long term (6-month), high (500-micrograms), once a day administration of octreotide on enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell proliferation were evaluated in eight patients with hypergastrinemic atrophic gastritis at risk for the development of gastric carcinoids. Fasting gastrin levels were determined during treatment and up to 6 months after the end of treatment. Chromogranin A, hCG alpha, and somatostatin-immunostained cells were morphometrically evaluated in biopsy specimens of corpus mucosa taken before and after treatment. The results showed that gastrin levels significantly decreased from 950 to 238 ng/L (-74.9%; P < 0.01) at the end of treatment, a decrease that persisted 6 months after the end of treatment (450 ng/L; P < 0.05). The volume density of CgA cells (mostly ECL cells) decreased from 3.7% to 2.1% of the epithelial component (-43%; P < 0.014), that of hCG alpha-storing ECL cells decreased by 85% (P < 0.0007), and that of somatostatin-stained cells decreased by 74% (P < 0.04). No clinically significant side-effects were found. It is concluded that octreotide treatment as used in the present study is safe and effective in reducing hypergastrinemia and associated ECL cell changes in patients with atrophic gastritis. The decrease in D cells is consistent with the occurrence of somatostatin receptors and related autocrine regulation in these cells.

An ultrasensitive luminol cathodic electrochemiluminescence immunosensor based on glucose oxidase and nanocomposites: graphene-carbon nanotubes and gold-platinum alloy.

PubMed

Jiang, Xinya; Chai, Yaqin; Yuan, Ruo; Cao, Yaling; Chen, Yingfeng; Wang, Haijun; Gan, Xianxue

2013-06-14

In the present study, a novel and ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor based on luminol cathodic ECL was fabricated by using Au nanoparticles and Pt nanoparticles (nano-AuPt) electrodeposited on graphene-carbon nanotubes nanocomposite as platform for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). For this introduced immunosensor, graphene (GR) and single wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) dispersed in chitosan (Chi-GR-CNTs) were firstly decorated on the bare gold electrode (GE) surface. Then nano-AuPt were electrodeposited (DpAu-Pt) on the Chi-GR-CNTs modified electrode. Subsequently, glucose oxidase (GOD) was employed to block the non-specific sites of electrode surface. When glucose was present in the working buffer solution, GOD immediately catalyzed the oxidation of glucose to in situ generate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which could subsequently promote the oxidation of luminol with an amplified cathodic ECL signal. The proposed immunosensor was performed at low potential (-0.1 to 0.4V) and low concentration of luminol. The CEA was determined in the range of 0.1 pg mL(-1) to 40 ng mL(-1) with a limit of detection down to 0.03 pg mL(-1) (SN(-1)=3). Moreover, with excellent sensitivity, selectivity, stability and simplicity, the as-proposed luminol-based ECL immunosensor provided great potential in clinical applications. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

EC-LEDS Supports the Low-Carbon Transition

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

2016-09-01

EC-LEDS is a flagship U.S. government-led effort that assists countries to create and implement low emission development strategies, or LEDS -- development frameworks that promote sustainable social and economic development while reducing greenhouse gas emissions over the medium to long term.

[Comparison of the clinical performance of the ECLusys HIV combi assay with the Lumipulse f and HISCL 2000-i HIV-1/2 ab screening assays].

PubMed

Sugiura, Aya; Iwahara, Kunihiro; Suga, Yasuyuki; Uchiyama, Sachinori; Maekawa, Masato

2012-04-01

We compared the ECLusys HIV combi assay (ECL HIV Ag/Ab) to the Lumipulse Forte (LPf HIV 1/2 Ab) and HISCL (HIS HIV 1/2 Ab) assays. In a dilution sensitivity test using dilution panels of WHO HIV antibody international reference panel (HIV-1 Subtype A, B, C, E, HIV-1 Group O, HIV-2) and HIV-1/2 Ab CE marked material(HIV-1, HIV-2) parent specimens, the ECL assay enabled detection at a higher level of sensitivity than either the LPf assay or the HIS assay for all dilution panels. In an early detection test in the early phase of infection in which a BBI HIV seroconversion panel was used, the ECL assay enabled detection 7 days after initial blood sample collection, whereas the LPf and HIS assays enabled detection after 27 days. In a specificity test using high RF positive specimens (n=33), pregnancy specimens (n=35), cytomegalovirus antibody positive specimens (n=36), and high M protein positive specimens (n=21) that were confirmed negative for HIV-1/2 antibodies by the LPf assay, negative results were obtained for all specimens on both the ECL assay and the HIS assay. In a correlation test using routinely collected clinical specimens (n=121), including positive stock specimens, the ECL and HIS assays demonstrated the highest agreement rate 98.3%. The above results confirmed that the fourth-generation reagent ECL assay, which simultaneously detects both HIV-1/2 antibodies and p24 antigens, is both highly sensitive and specific, and is a suitable assay for use in routine testing.

[Comparison of the clinical performance of the ECLusys HBsAg II assay with the Lumipulse f and HISCL 2000-i HBsAg screening assays].

PubMed

Sugiura, Aya; Iwahara, Kunihiro; Suga, Yasuyuki; Uchiyama, Sachinori; Maekawa, Masato

2012-02-01

We compared the ECLusys HBsAgII (ECL HBsAg) assay to the Lumipulse Forte (LPf HBsAg) and HISCL (HIS HBsAg) assays. Measurement of dilution panels for which the WHO HBsAg international reference panel was the parent specimen revealed that the ECL and HIS assays enabled detection to a theoretical level of 0.04 IU/mL, whereas the LPf assay enabled detection to a level of 0.08 IU/mL. In a specificity test using high RF positive specimens (n = 33), pregnancy specimens (n = 35), cytomegalovirus antibody positive specimens (n = 36), and high M protein positive specimens (n = 21) that were confirmed negative for HBsAg by the LPf assay, negative results were obtained for all specimens on the HIS assay, but the ECL assay yielded a positive result for one of the high RF positive specimens. This individual was suggested on further testing to be an HBV carrier who was strongly positive for HBc antibody. In HBsAg mutants detection test, the detection rate was 92.3% with the ECL assay and 69.2% with the HIS assay. In a correlation test using routinely collected clinical specimens (n = 155), including positive stock specimens, aside from the one case where the LPf assay gave a negative result but both the ECL and HIS assays gave positive results, all of the results were consistent for all specimens. The above results confirmed that the ECL assay is both highly sensitive and specific, and also enables a high rate of HBsAg mutant detection.

Node 3 Relocation Environmental Control and Life Support System Modification Kit Verification and Updated Status

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, David E.; Spector, Lawrence N.

2009-01-01

Node 1 (Unity) flew to International Space Station (ISS) on Flight 2A. Node 1 was the first module of the United States On-Orbit Segment (USOS) launched to ISS. The Node 1 ISS Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) design featured limited ECLS capability. The main purpose of Node 1 was to provide internal storage by providing four stowage rack locations within the module and to allow docking of multiple modules and a truss segment to it. The ECLS subsystems inside Node 1 were routed through the element prior to launch to allow for easy integration of the attached future elements, particularly the Habitation Module which was planned to be located at the nadir docking port of Node 1. After Node 1 was on-orbit, the Program decided not to launch the Habitation Module and instead, to replace it with Node 3 (Tranquility). In 2007, the Program became concerned with a potential Russian docking port approach issue for the Russian FGB nadir docking port after Node 3 is attached to Node 1. To solve this concern the Program decided to relocate Node 3 from Node 1 nadir to Node 1 port. To support the movement of Node 3 the Program decided to build a modification kit for Node 1, an on-orbit feedthrough leak test device, and new vestibule jumpers to support the ECLS part of the relocation. This paper provides a design overview of the modification kit, a summary of the Node 1 ECLS re-verification to support the Node 3 relocation from Node 1 nadir to Node 1 port, and a status of the ECLS modification kit installation into Node 1.

Extracorporeal life support in the treatment of colchicine poisoning.

PubMed

Boisramé-Helms, Julie; Rahmani, Hassène; Stiel, Laure; Tournoud, Christine; Sauder, Philippe

2015-01-01

Ingestions of Colchicum autumnale may lead to severe poisoning. It begins with gastrointestinal symptoms and leukocytosis, followed by multi-organ failure with shock and a possible late recovery phase. Mortality is highly dependent on the ingested dose. We report a case of accidental C. autumnale poisoning with refractory cardiogenic shock and eventual survival after extracorporeal life support (ECLS). A 68-year-old woman was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) on day 3 after ingestion of C. autumnale in a meal. She first suffered from nausea and vomiting leading to severe dehydration. She then developed multi-organ failure and refractory cardiogenic shock, with a mean arterial pressure nadir of 50 mmHg despite high doses of catecholamines and a left ventricular ejection fraction at 5-10%. Venous-arterial ECLS was therefore started at an initial rate of 3.5 L/min and 3,800 rev/min. Her symptoms also included pancytopenia on day 4 with diffuse bleeding requiring iterative blood product transfusion. Platelet and leukocyte count nadirs were 13 × 10(9)/L (normal range: 150-400 × 10(9)/L) and 0.77 × 10(9)/L (normal range: 4.2-10.7 × 10(9)/L), respectively. ECLS allowed good cardiac contractility recovery within a few days, with complications including bleeding made controllable. Indeed, because of hemostasis disorders, the patient presented hemoptysis and hematuria. She was treated with tranexamic acid and transfused with blood products. She received 15 erythrocyte concentrates, 13 platelet concentrates, and 7 fresh frozen plasma. ECLS was removed by day 10, with subsequent weaning from mechanical ventilation as well as from hemodialysis in the following days. This patient survives after the use of ECLS in Colchicum poisoning, with controllable complications. Thus, ECLS might be indicated to overcome the potentially refractory cardiogenic shock phase.

Node 3 Relocation Environmental Control and Life Support System Modification Kit Verification and Updated Status

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, David E.; Spector Lawrence N.

2010-01-01

Node 1 (Unity) flew to International Space Station (ISS) on Flight 2A. Node 1 was the first module of the United States On-Orbit Segment (USOS) launched to ISS. The Node 1 ISS Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) design featured limited ECLS capability. The main purpose of Node 1 was to provide internal storage by providing four stowage rack locations within the module and to allow docking of multiple modules and a truss segment to it. The ECLS subsystems inside Node 1 were routed through the element prior to launch to allow for easy integration of the attached future elements, particularly the Habitation Module which was planned to be located at the nadir docking port of Node 1. After Node I was on-orbit, the Program decided not to launch the Habitation Module and instead, to replace it with Node 3 (Tranquility). In 2007, the Program became concerned with a potential Russian docking port approach issue for the Russian FGB nadir docking port after Node 3 is attached to Node 1. To solve this concern the Program decided to relocate Node 3 from Node I nadir to Node 1 port. To support the movement of Node 3 the Program decided to build a modification kit for Node 1, an on-orbit feedthrough leak test device, and new vestibule jumpers to support the ECLS part of the relocation. This paper provides a design overview of the modification kit for Node 1, a summary of the Node 1 ECLS re-verification to support the Node 3 relocation from Node 1 nadir to Node 1 port, and a status of the ECLS modification kit installation into Node 1.

Ultrasensitive apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 immunosensing based on self-enhanced electrochemiluminescence of a Ru(II) complex.

PubMed

Zhuo, Ying; Liao, Ni; Chai, Ya-Qin; Gui, Guo-Feng; Zhao, Min; Han, Jing; Xiang, Yun; Yuan, Ruo

2014-01-21

An alternative "signal on" immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE-1) was designed utilizing the self-enhanced electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of a novel Ru(II) complex functionalized coil-like nanocomposite as signal labels. The desirable self-enhanced ECL luminophore was achieved by combining the coreactant of poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) and the luminophor of bis(2,2'-bipyridine)-5-amino-1,10-phenanthroline ruthenium(II) [Ru(bpy)2(5-NH2-1,10-phen)(2+)] to form one novel Ru(II) complex, which exhibited significantly enhanced ECL efficiency and stability. Moreover, the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were employed as nanocarriers for self-enhanced Ru(II) complex loading via π-π stacking to obtain the coil-like nanocomposite to act as signal probe. Compared with traditional ECL immunoassay, our proposed strategy is simple and sensitive, avoiding the adding of any coreactant into testing solution for signal amplification, and shows a detection limit down to subfemtogram per milliliter level under the optimized experimental condition.

Sensitive and Facile Electrochemiluminescent Immunoassay for Detecting Genetically Modified Rapeseed Based on Novel Carbon Nanoparticles.

PubMed

Gao, Hongfei; Wen, Luke; Wu, Yuhua; Yan, Xiaohong; Li, Jun; Li, Xiaofei; Fu, Zhifeng; Wu, Gang

2018-05-23

A highly sensitive electrochemiluminescent (ECL) immunoassay targeting PAT/ bar protein was facilely developed for genetically modified (GM) rapeseed detection using carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) originally prepared from printer toner. In this work, CNPs linked with antibody for PAT/ bar protein were used to modify a working electrode. After an immunoreaction between the PAT/ bar protein and its antibody, the immunocomplex formed on the electrode receptor region resulted in an inhibition of electron transfer between the electrode surface and the ECL substance, thus led to a decrease of ECL response. Under the optimal conditions, the ECL responses linearly decreased as the increase of the PAT/ bar protein concentration and the GM rapeseed RF3 content in the ranges of 0.10-10 ng/mL and 0.050-1.0%, with the limits of detection of 0.050 ng/mL and 0.020% (S/N = 3). These results open a facile, sensitive, and rapid approach for the safety control of agricultural GM rape.

A polyclonal antibody against extracellular loops 1 of chNHE1 blocks avian leukosis virus subgroup J infection.

PubMed

Meng, Wei; Zhou, Defang; Li, Chengui; Wang, Guihua; Huang, Libo; Cheng, Ziqiang

2018-05-02

Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), an oncogenic retrovirus, induces myelocytomas and other various tumors, leading to great economical losses in poultry industry. It is a great challenge to develop effective preventive methods for ALV-J control due to its antigenic variations in the variable regions of envelope. In present study, we generated a mouse polyclonal antibody targeting the first extracellular loop (ECL1) of chicken Na + /H + exchanger isoform 1 (chNHE1), the receptor of ALV-J, to block ALV-J infection in vitro and in vivo. In ALV-J infected DF-1 cells, chNHE1 expression and the intracellular pH (pHi) were up-regulated with "wave" pattern, indicating that the disequilibrium of ALV-J infected cells associated with chNHE1. Next, we validated that ALV-J infection was significantly blocked with time dependent after treating with anti-ECL1 antibody and accordingly the pHi value were recovered, indicating the blockage of ALV-J infection did not affect Na + /H + exchange. Furthermore, in anti-ECL1 antibody treatment chickens that infected by ALV-J, weight gain and immune organs were recovered, and viral loads were significantly decreased, and the tissue injury and inflammation were reduced significantly from 21 to 35 days of age. The study demonstrated that anti-ECL1 antibody effectively blocks ALV-J infection without affecting Na + /H + exchange, and sheds light on a novel strategy for retroviruses control. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Space Synthetic Biology Project

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Howard, David; Roman, Monsi; Mansell, James (Matt)

2015-01-01

Synthetic biology is an effort to make genetic engineering more useful by standardizing sections of genetic code. By standardizing genetic components, biological engineering will become much more similar to traditional fields of engineering, in which well-defined components and subsystems are readily available in markets. Specifications of the behavior of those components and subsystems can be used to model a system which incorporates them. Then, the behavior of the novel system can be simulated and optimized. Finally, the components and subsystems can be purchased and assembled to create the optimized system, which most often will exhibit behavior similar to that indicated by the model. The Space Synthetic Biology project began in 2012 as a multi-Center effort. The purpose of this project was to harness Synthetic Biology principals to enable NASA's missions. A central target for application was to Environmental Control & Life Support (ECLS). Engineers from NASA Marshall Space Flight Center's (MSFC's) ECLS Systems Development Branch (ES62) were brought into the project to contribute expertise in operational ECLS systems. Project lead scientists chose to pursue the development of bioelectrochemical technologies to spacecraft life support. Therefore, the ECLS element of the project became essentially an effort to develop a bioelectrochemical ECLS subsystem. Bioelectrochemical systems exploit the ability of many microorganisms to drive their metabolisms by direct or indirect utilization of electrical potential gradients. Whereas many microorganisms are capable of deriving the energy required for the processes of interest (such as carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation) from sunlight, it is believed that subsystems utilizing electrotrophs will exhibit smaller mass, volume, and power requirements than those that derive their energy from sunlight. In the first 2 years of the project, MSFC personnel conducted modeling, simulation, and conceptual design efforts to assist the project in selecting the best approaches to the application of bioelectrochemical technologies to ECLS. Figure 1 shows results of simulation of charge transport in an experimental system. Figure 2 shows one of five conceptual designs for ECLS subsystems based on bioelectrochemical reactors. Also during the first 2 years, some work was undertaken to gather fundamental data (conductivities, overpotentials) relevant to the modeling efforts.

Electronic Collaboration Logbook

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gysin, Suzanne; Mandrichenko, Igor; Podstavkov, Vladimir; Vittone, Margherita

2012-12-01

In HEP, scientific research is performed by large collaborations of organizations and individuals. The logbook of a scientific collaboration is an important part of the collaboration record. Often it contains experimental data. At Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), we developed an Electronic Collaboration Logbook (ECL) application, which is used by about 20 different collaborations, experiments and groups at FNAL. The ECL is the latest iteration of the project formerly known as the Control Room Logbook (CRL). We have been working on mobile (IOS and Android) clients for the ECL. We will present the history, current status and future plans of the project, as well as design, implementation and support solutions made by the project.

International Space Station Environmental Control and Life Support System Status: 2006 - 2007

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, David E.; Gentry, Gregory J.

2007-01-01

The International Space Station (ISS) Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) system includes regenerative and non-regenerative technologies that provide the basic life support functions to support the crew, while maintaining a safe and habitable shirtsleeve environment. This paper provides a summary of the U.S. ECLS system activities over the past year, covering the period of time between March 2006 and February 2007. The ISS continued permanent crew operations, with the start of Phase 3 of the ISS Assembly Sequence. Work continued on the Phase 3 pressurized elements and the continued manufacturing and testing of the regenerative ECLS equipment.

International Space Station Environmental Control and Life Support System Status: 2008 - 2009

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, David E.; Gentry, Gregory J.; Gentry, Gregory J.

2009-01-01

The International Space Station (ISS) Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) system includes regenerative and non-regenerative technologies that provide the basic life support functions to support the crew, while maintaining a safe and habitable shirtsleeve environment. This paper provides a summary of the U.S. ECLS system activities over the past year, covering the period of time between March 2008 and February 2009. The ISS continued permanent crew operations, with the continuation of Phase 3 of the ISS Assembly Sequence. Work continues on the last of the Phase 3 pressurized elements and the continued manufacturing and testing of the regenerative ECLS equipment.

International Space Station Environmental Control and Life Support System Status: 2005 - 2006

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, David E.; Gentry, Gregory J.

2006-01-01

The International Space Station (ISS) Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) system includes regenerative and non-regenerative technologies that provide the basic life support functions to support the crew, while maintaining a safe and habitable shirtsleeve environment. This paper provides a summary of the U.S. ECLS system activities over the past year, covering the period of time between March 2005 and February 2006. The ISS continued permanent crew operations, with the start of Phase 3 of the ISS Assembly Sequence. Work continued on the Phase 3 pressurized elements and the continued manufacturing and testing of the regenerative ECLS equipment.

International Space Station (ISS) Environmental Control and Life Support System Status: 2003-2004

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, David E.; Gentry, Gregory

2004-01-01

The International Space Station (ISS) Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) system includes regenerative and non-regenerative technologies that provide the basic life support functions to support the crew, while maintaining a safe and habitable shirtsleeve environment. This paper provides a summary of the U.S. ECLS system activities over the past year, covering the period of time between April 2003 and March 2004. The ISS continued permanent crew operations, with the start of Phase 3 of the ISS Assembly Sequence. Work continued on the Phase 3 pressurized elements and the continued manufacturing and testing of the regenerative ECLS equipment.

Nursing care for women with pre-eclampsia and/or eclampsia: integrative review.

PubMed

Ferreira, Maria Beatriz Guimarães; Silveira, Caroline Freitas; Silva, Sueli Riul da; Souza, Delvane José de; Ruiz, Mariana Torreglosa

2016-04-01

To analyze the available evidence in the literature on nursing care for women with pre-eclampsia and/or eclampsia. Integrative review searching for primary studies in the databases PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS and SciELO. The sample size consisted of 17 primary studies published between January 2000 and December 2014, grouped into four categories: standardizing blood pressure measurement technique; training with simulation; instruments for standardization of care and quality of care The main nursing actions were: physical examination, early detection of signs of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, monitoring of laboratory tests, fetal assessment, qualification and training of professionals. We identified the need for standardization of care from instruments, protocols and blood pressure measurement technique, early identification and treatment of hypertensive crisis through institutional protocols and review of cases and work processes. Women with pre-eclampsia and/or eclampsia require specific nursing care, which must be guided by care protocols based on scientific evidence. Analisar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre assistência de enfermagem às mulheres com pré-eclâmpsia e/ou eclâmpsia. Revisão integrativa cuja busca dos estudos primários foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS e SciELO. Amostra foi composta por 17 estudos primários, publicados entre janeiro de 2000 e dezembro de 2014, agrupados em quatro categorias: padronização da técnica de mensuração da pressão arterial; treinamentos com simulação; instrumentos para padronização da assistência e qualidade da assistência As principais ações de enfermagem foram: exame físico, identificação precoce de sinais de pré-eclâmpsia/eclâmpsia, acompanhamento de exames laboratoriais, avaliação fetal, capacitação e treinamento dos profissionais. Identificou-se a necessidade de padronização do atendimento a partir de instrumentos e protocolos e da técnica de aferição da pressão arterial, identificação e tratamento precoces da crise hipertensiva mediante protocolos institucionais e revisão de casos e processos de trabalho. Mulheres com pré-eclâmpsia e/ou eclâmpsia exigem cuidados de enfermagem específicos, os quais devem ser pautados em protocolos de cuidados baseados em evidências científicas.

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence reactions between the [Ru(bpy)3](2+) complex and PAMAM GX.0 dendrimers in an aqueous medium.

PubMed

Jimenez-Ruiz, A; Grueso, E; Perez-Tejeda, P

2015-10-01

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence, ECL, reactions between tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II), [Ru(bpy)3](2+), and PAMAM GX.0 (X=1 and 2) dendrimers in an aqueous medium were carried out at pH10 (fully deprotonated dendrimer surface). ECL was detected in the presence of GX.0 dendrimers without addition of any known coreactant. Atomic force microscopy, AFM, measurements for GX.0 dendrimers in the presence of the [Ru(bpy)3](2+) complex were also done. AFM images showed the existence of aggregates (pillars) of globular shape, as well as interdendrimer networks forming fibers in the x-y direction for dendrimer aqueous solutions. ECL and AFM results in cooperation suggest that the coreactant effect of the end amine groups is improved by both the dendritic branched shells and the globular z-type aggregates. The ECL efficiency trends as a function of [GX.0] (whole range) can be interpreted taking into account the coreactant effect modulated by the presence of the z and x-y type aggregates. Importantly, ECL efficiency values can be taken as a measure of the change induced on the dendrimer aggregation in aqueous solutions when their concentrations rise. Redox potentials of the [Ru(bpy)3](3+/2+) couple in the presence of the G1.0 and G2.0 dendrimers were also determined. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Amplified solid-state electrochemiluminescence detection of cholesterol in near-infrared range based on CdTe quantum dots decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes@reduced graphene oxide nanoribbons.

PubMed

Huan, Juan; Liu, Qian; Fei, Airong; Qian, Jing; Dong, Xiaoya; Qiu, Baijing; Mao, Hanping; Wang, Kun

2015-11-15

An amplified solid-state electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor for detection of cholesterol in near-infrared (NIR) range was constructed based on CdTe quantum dots (QDs) decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes@reduced graphene nanoribbons (CdTe-MWCNTs@rGONRs), which were prepared by electrostatic interactions. The CdTe QDs decorated on the MWCNTs@rGONRs resulted in the amplified ECL intensity by ~4.5 fold and decreased onset potential by ~100 mV. By immobilization of the cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) and NIR CdTe-MWCNTs@rGONRs on the electrode surface, a solid-state ECL biosensor for cholesterol detection was constructed. When cholesterol was added to the detection solution, the immobilized ChOx catalyzed the oxidation of cholesterol to generate H2O2, which could be used as the co-reactant in the ECL system of CdTe-MWCNTs@rGONRs. The as-prepared biosensor exhibited good performance for cholesterol detection including good reproducibility, selectivity, and acceptable linear range from 1 μM to 1mM with a relative low detection limit of 0.33 μM (S/N=3). The biosensor was successfully applied to the determination of cholesterol in biological fluid and food sample, which would open a new possibility for development of solid-state ECL biosensors with NIR emitters. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Evaluating the introduction of extracorporeal life support technology to a tertiary-care pediatric institution: Smoothing the learning curve through interprofessional simulation training.

PubMed

Sanchez-Glanville, Carlos; Brindle, Mary E; Spence, Tanya; Blackwood, Jaime; Drews, Tanya; Menzies, Steve; Lopushinsky, Steven R

2015-05-01

Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is a life-saving technology for the critically ill child. Our objective was to evaluate the outcomes of an educational curriculum designed to introduce an ECLS program to a noncardiac pediatric surgical center. An interdisciplinary curriculum was developed consisting of didactic courses, animal labs, simulations, and debrief sessions. We reviewed all patients requiring ECLS between October 2011 and December 2013. All health care practitioners involved in the ECLS training curriculum were surveyed to evaluate their perception of the educational program. Primary outcomes include successful cannulation and 30-day survival. The knowledge and confidence improved with statistical significance (p<0.0001-0.0003) for all of the components of the training curriculum. The highest score was given to the simulations. Twenty-one patients underwent cannulation. All patients were successfully cannulated to bypass, including six (28.6%) ECPR. Median time from activation to cutting was 52min (IQR 40-72), and from cutting to bypass 40min (IQR 30-45). Sixteen patients (76.2%) were decannulated to a sustainable cardiac rhythm and survived 30-days. An ECLS curriculum incorporating simulation and dedicated practice seems to have eliminated the potential learning curve associated with the introduction of a complex technology to a novice environment. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Electrochemiluminescence aptasensor for adenosine triphosphate detection using host-guest recognition between metallocyclodextrin complex and aptamer.

PubMed

Chen, Hong; Chen, Qiong; Zhao, Yingying; Zhang, Fan; Yang, Fan; Tang, Jie; He, Pingang

2014-04-01

A sensitive and label-free electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor for the detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was successfully designed using host-guest recognition between a metallocyclodextrin complex, i.e., tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II)-β-cyclodextrin [tris(bpyRu)-β-CD], and an ATP-binding aptamer. In the protocol, the NH2-terminated aptamer was immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by a coupling interaction. After host-guest recognition between tris(bpyRu)-β-CD and aptamer, the tris(bpyRu)-β-CD/aptamer/GCE produced a strong ECL signal as a result of the photoactive properties of tris(bpyRu)-β-CD. However, in the presence of ATP, the ATP/aptamer complex was formed preferentially, which restricted host-guest recognition, and therefore less tris(bpyRu)-β-CD was attached to the GCE surface, resulting in an obvious decrease in the ECL intensity. Under optimal determination conditions, an excellent logarithmic linear relationship between the ECL decrease and ATP concentration was obtained in the range 10.0-0.05 nM, with a detection limit of 0.01 nM at the S/N ratio of 3. The proposed ECL-based ATP aptasensor exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity, without time-consuming signal-labeling procedures, and is considered to be a promising model for detection of aptamer-specific targets. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Biobar-coded gold nanoparticles and DNAzyme-based dual signal amplification strategy for ultrasensitive detection of protein by electrochemiluminescence.

PubMed

Xia, Hui; Li, Lingling; Yin, Zhouyang; Hou, Xiandeng; Zhu, Jun-Jie

2015-01-14

A dual signal amplification strategy for electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor was designed based on biobar-coded gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and DNAzyme. CdSeTe@ZnS quantum dots (QDs) were chosen as the ECL signal probes. To verify the proposed ultrasensitive ECL aptasensor for biomolecules, we detected thrombin (Tb) as a proof-of-principle analyte. The hairpin DNA designed for the recognition of protein consists of two parts: the sequences of catalytical 8-17 DNAzyme and thrombin aptamer. Only in the presence of thrombin could the hairpin DNA be opened, followed by a recycling cleavage of excess substrates by catalytic core of the DNAzyme to induce the first-step amplification. One part of the fragments was captured to open the capture DNA modified on the Au electrode, which further connected with the prepared biobar-coded Au NPs-CdSeTe@ZnS QDs to get the final dual-amplified ECL signal. The limit of detection for Tb was 0.28 fM with excellent selectivity, and this proposed method possessed good performance in real sample analysis. This design introduces the new concept of dual-signal amplification by a biobar-coded system and DNAzyme recycling into ECL determination, and it is promising to be extended to provide a highly sensitive platform for various target biomolecules.

Luminol-based electrochemiluminescent biosensors for highly sensitive medical diagnosis and rapid antioxidant detection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tamiya, Eiichi; Inoue, Yuki; Saito, Masato

2018-03-01

We present a review of luminol-based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensors that perform enzymatic reactions and bioanalysis using antioxidant molecules by controlling the spatiotemporal production of a luminescent substrate, catalase activity, and glycated albumin (GA). The ECL intensity depends on the antioxidant capacity because radicals are neutralized by the antioxidants, which suppresses the luminescence. The antioxidant capacities of 22 types beverages were evaluated by comparison with a standard curve of Trolox. The time necessary for the ECL measurement of the antioxidant capacity is only 2 min with screen-printed electrodes and a portable ECL measurement system. Our system was also used to monitor reactive oxygen species released from neutrophils, which play an important role in the immune system, defending against viral and bacterial infections. The quenching of ECL imaging by catalase reaction localized in the multichamber electrode using the electrogenerated substrate was examined as a potential candidate for a sensitive reporting system. The substrate was successfully generated at applied potentials between -1 and -0.4 V in multichamber electrodes and the substrate confinement within the chamber was observed within 60 s of generation. The microchamber electrode system demonstrated a detection limit of 90 fM catalase. We also demonstrated a detection limit of 0.1 µM GA in human serum albumin, which is an improvement of about 70 times over colorimetric methods.

Retrospective Analysis Comparing Hollow Fiber and Silicone Membrane Oxygenators for Neonates on ECMO

PubMed Central

Mejak, Brian; Giacomuzzi, Carmen; Heller, Eileen; You, Xiaomang; Ungerleider, Ross; Shen, Irving

2007-01-01

Abstract: There is little information showing the use of microporous polypropylene hollow fiber oxygenators during extracorporeal life support (ECLS). Recent surveys have shown increasing use of these hollow fibers amongst ECLS centers in the United States. We performed a retrospective analysis comparing the Terumo BabyRx hollow fiber oxygenator to the Medtronic 800 silicone membrane oxygenator on 14 neonatal patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The aim of this study was to investigate the similarities and differences when comparing pressure drops, prime volumes, oxygenator endurance, and gas transfer capabilities between the two groups. PMID:17672186

Child Health in Elementary School Following California’s Paid Family Leave Program.

PubMed

Lichtman-Sadot, Shirlee; Bell, Niryvia Pillay

We evaluate changes in elementary school children health outcomes following the introduction of California’s Paid Family Leave (PFL) program, which provided parents with paid time off following the birth of a child. Our health outcomes--overweight, ADHD, and hearing-related problems--are characterized by diagnosis rates that only pick up during early elementary school. Moreover, our health outcomes have been found to be negatively linked with many potential implications of extended maternity leave--increased breastfeeding, prompt medical checkups at infancy, reduced prenatal stress, and reduced non-parental care during infancy. Using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Studies (ECLS) within a difference-in-differences framework, our results suggest improvements in health outcomes among California elementary school children following PFL’s introduction. Furthermore, the improvements are driven by children from less advantaged backgrounds, which is consistent with the notion that California’s PFL had the greatest effect on leave-taking duration after childbirth mostly for less advantaged mothers who previously could not afford to take unpaid leave.

Five-year growth trajectories of kindergarten children with learning difficulties in mathematics.

PubMed

Morgan, Paul L; Farkas, George; Qiong Wu

2009-01-01

The investigators used data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K) to estimate whether and to what extent the timing and persistence of mathematics difficulties (MD) in kindergarten predicted children's first through fifth grade math growth trajectories. Results indicated that children persistently displaying MD (i.e., those experiencing MD in both fall and spring of kindergarten) had the lowest subsequent growth rates, children with MD in spring only had the second-lowest growth rates, and children with MD in the fall only (and who had thus recovered from their MD by the spring of kindergarten) had the next-lowest growth rates. The children who did not have MD in either fall or spring of kindergarten had the highest growth rates. These results were observed prior to and after statistical control for additional variables. They indicate that measuring the timing and persistence of kindergarten children's mathematics learning difficulties may help identify those most at risk for failing to become mathematically proficient during elementary school.

An Electrochemiluminescence Immunosensor Based on Gold-Magnetic Nanoparticles and Phage Displayed Antibodies

PubMed Central

Mu, Xihui; Tong, Zhaoyang; Huang, Qibin; Liu, Bing; Liu, Zhiwei; Hao, Lanqun; Dong, Hua; Zhang, Jinping; Gao, Chuan

2016-01-01

Using the multiple advantages of the ultra-highly sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) technique, Staphylococcus protein A (SPA) functionalized gold-magnetic nanoparticles and phage displayed antibodies, and using gold-magnetic nanoparticles coated with SPA and coupled with a polyclonal antibody (pcAb) as magnetic capturing probes, and Ru(bpy)32+-labeled phage displayed antibody as a specific luminescence probe, this study reports a new way to detect ricin with a highly sensitive and specific ECL immunosensor and amplify specific detection signals. The linear detection range of the sensor was 0.0001~200 µg/L, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.0001 µg/L, which is 2500-fold lower than that of the conventional ELISA technique. The gold-magnetic nanoparticles, SPA and Ru(bpy)32+-labeled phage displayed antibody displayed different amplifying effects in the ECL immunosensor and can decrease LOD 3-fold, 3-fold and 20-fold, respectively, compared with the ECL immunosensors without one of the three effects. The integrated amplifying effect can decrease the LOD 180-fold. The immunosensor integrates the unique advantages of SPA-coated gold-magnetic nanoparticles that improve the activity of the functionalized capturing probe, and the amplifying effect of the Ru(bpy)32+-labeled phage displayed antibodies, so it increases specificity, interference-resistance and decreases LOD. It is proven to be well suited for the analysis of trace amounts of ricin in various environmental samples with high recovery ratios and reproducibility. PMID:26927130

Developments and Applications of Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Sensors Based on Micro- and Nanomaterials

PubMed Central

Hazelton, Sandra G.; Zheng, Xingwang; Zhao, Julia Xiaojun; Pierce, David T.

2008-01-01

A variety of recent developments and applications of electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) for sensors are described. While tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)-ruthenium(II) and luminol have dominated and continue to pervade the field of ECL-based sensors, recent work has focused on use of these lumophores with micro- and nanomaterials. It has also extended to inherently luminescent nanomaterials, such as quantum dots. Sensor configurations including microelectrode arrays and microfluidics are reviewed and, with the recent trend toward increased use of nanomaterials, special attention has been given to sensors which include thin films, nanoparticles and nanotubes. Applications of ECL labels and examples of label-free sensing that incorporate nanomaterials are also discussed. PMID:27873850

Capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescent detection for highly sensitive assay of genetically modified organisms.

PubMed

Guo, Longhua; Yang, Huanghao; Qiu, Bin; Xiao, Xueyang; Xue, Linlin; Kim, Donghwan; Chen, Guonan

2009-12-01

A capillary electrophoresis coupled with electrochemiluminescent detection system (CE-ECL) was developed for the detection of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons. The ECL luminophore, tris(1,10-phenanthroline) ruthenium(II) (Ru(phen)(3)(2+)), was labeled to the PCR primers before amplification. Ru(phen)(3)(2+) was then introduced to PCR amplicons by PCR amplification. Eventually, the PCR amplicons were separated and detected by the homemade CE-ECL system. The detection of a typical genetically modified organism (GMO), Roundup Ready Soy (RRS), was shown as an example to demonstrate the reliability of the proposed approach. Four pairs of primers were amplified by multiple PCR (MPCR) simultaneously, three of which were targeted on the specific sequence of exogenous genes of RRS, and another was targeted on the endogenous reference gene of soybean. Both the conditions for PCR amplification and CE-ECL separation and detection were investigated in detail. Results showed that, under the optimal conditions, the proposed method can accurately identifying RRS. The corresponding limit of detection (LOD) was below 0.01% with 35 PCR cycles.

Intensification of electrochemiluminescence of luminol on TiO2 supported Au atomic cluster nano-hybrid modified electrode.

PubMed

Yu, Zhimin; Wei, Xiuhua; Yan, Jilin; Tu, Yifeng

2012-04-21

With TiO(2) nanoparticles as carrier, a supported nano-material of Au atomic cluster/TiO(2) nano-hybrid was synthesized. It was then modified onto the surface of indium tin oxide (ITO) by Nafion to act as a working electrode for exciting the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of luminol. The properties of the nano-hybrid and the modified electrode were characterized by XRD, XPS, electronic microscopy, electrochemistry and spectroscopy. The experimental results demonstrated that the modification of this nano-hybrid onto the ITO electrode efficiently intensified the ECL of luminol. It was also revealed that the ECL intensity of luminol on this modified electrode showed very sensitive responses to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. The detection limits for dissolved oxygen and hydrogen peroxide were 2 μg L(-1) and 5.5 × 10(-12) M, respectively. Besides the discussion of the intensifying mechanism of this nano-hybrid for ECL of luminol, the developed method was also applied for monitoring dissolved oxygen and evaluating the scavenging efficiency of reactive oxygen species of the Ganoderma lucidum spore.

Combining isothermal rolling circle amplification and electrochemiluminescence for highly sensitive point mutation detection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Su, Qiang; Zhou, Xiaoming

2008-12-01

Many pathogenic and genetic diseases are associated with changes in the sequence of particular genes. We describe here a rapid and highly efficient assay for the detection of point mutation. This method is a combination of isothermal rolling circle amplification (RCA) and high sensitive electrochemluminescence (ECL) detection. In the design, a circular template generated by ligation upon the recognition of a point mutation on DNA targets was amplified isothermally by the Phi29 polymerase using a biotinylated primer. The elongation products were hybridized with tris (bipyridine) ruthenium (TBR)-tagged probes and detected in a magnetic bead based ECL platform, indicating the mutation occurrence. P53 was chosen as a model for the identification of this method. The method allowed sensitive determination of the P53 mutation from wild-type and mutant samples. The main advantage of RCA-ECL is that it can be performed under isothermal conditions and avoids the generation of false-positive results. Furthermore, ECL provides a faster, more sensitive, and economical option to currently available electrophoresis-based methods.

Electrochemiluminescence energy transfer-promoted ultrasensitive immunoassay using near-infrared-emitting CdSeTe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots and gold nanorods

PubMed Central

Li, Lingling; Chen, Ying; Lu, Qian; Ji, Jing; Shen, Yuanyuan; Xu, Mi; Fei, Rong; Yang, Guohai; Zhang, Kui; Zhang, Jian-Rong; Zhu, Jun-Jie

2013-01-01

The marriage of energy transfer with electrochemiluminescence has produced a new technology named electrochemiluminescence energy transfer (ECL-ET), which can realize effective and sensitive detection of biomolecules. To obtain optimal ECL-ET efficiency, perfect energy overlapped donor/acceptor pair is of great importance. Herein, we present a sensitive ECL-ET based immunosensor for the detection of tumor markers, using energy tunable CdSeTe/CdS/ZnS double shell quantum dots (QDs) and gold nanorods (GNRs) as the donor and acceptor, respectively. Firstly a facile microwave-assisted strategy for the synthesis of green- to near-infrared-emitting CdSeTe/CdS/ZnS QDs with time- and component-tunable photoluminescence was proposed. And, on the basis of the adjustable optical properties of both CdSeTe/CdS/ZnS QDs and GNRs, excellent overlap between donor emission and acceptor absorption can be obtained to ensure effective ECL-ET quenching, thus improving the sensing sensitivity. This method represents a novel approach for versatile detection of biomolecules at low concentrations. PMID:23524874

Detection of bacteria from a cecal anaerobic competitive exclusion culture with an immunoassay electrochemiluminescence sensor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beier, Ross C.; Young, Colin R.; Stanker, Larry H.

1999-01-01

A competitive exclusion (CE) culture of chicken cecal anaerobes has been developed and used in this laboratory for control of Salmonella typhimurium in chickens. The CE culture consists of 29 different species of micro-organisms, and is known as CF3. Detection of one of the CF3 bacteria, Eubacteria, and S. typhimurium were demonstrated using a commercial immunomagnetic (IM) electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor, the ORIGENR Analyzer. Analysis was achieved using a sandwich immunoassay. Bacteria were captured on antibody- conjugated 280 micron sized magnetic beads followed by binding of reporter antibodies labelled with ruthenium (II) tris(dipyridyl) chelate [Ru(bpy)32+]. The magnetic beads were then trapped on an electrode in the reaction cell of the ORIGENR Analyzer by a magnet, and the ECL was evoked from Ru(bpy)32+ on the tagged reporter antibodies by an electrical potential at the electrode. Preliminary IM-ECL assays with Eubacteria yielded a detection limit of 105 cfu/mL. Preliminary IM-ECL assays with S. typhimurium yielded a similar detection limit of 105 cfu/mL.

Cloning and expression of sheep renal K-CI cotransporter-1.

PubMed

Zhang, Jin J; Misri, Sandeep; Adragna, Norma C; Gagnon, Kenneth B E; Fyffe, Robert E W; Lauf, Peter K

2005-01-01

Sheep K-Cl cotransporter-1(shKCC1) cDNA was cloned from kidney by RT-PCR with an open reading frame of 3258 base pairs exhibiting 92%, 90%, 88% and 87% identity with pig, rabbit and human, rat and mouse KCC1 cDNAs, respectively, encoding an approximately 122 kDa polypeptide of 1086-amino acids. Hydropathy analysis reveals the familiar KCC1 topology with 12 transmembrane domains (TMDs) and the hydrophilic NH2-terminal (NTD) and COOH-terminal (CTD) domains both at the cytoplasmic membrane face. However, shKCC1 has two rather than one large extracellular loops (ECL): ECL3 between TMDs 5 and 6, and ECL6, between TMDs 11 and 12. The translated shKCC1 protein differs in 12 amino acid residues from other KCC1s, mainly within the NTD, ECL3, ICL4, ECL6, and CTD. Notably, a tyrosine residue at position 996 replaces aspartic acid conserved in all other species. Human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells and mouse NIH/3T3 fibroblasts, transiently transfected with shKCCI-cDNA, revealed the glycosylated approximately 150 kDa proteins by Western blots and positive immunofluorescence-staining with polyclonal rabbit anti-ratKCC1 antibodies. ShKCC1 was functionally expressed in NIH/3T3 cells by an elevated basal Cl-dependent K influx measured with Rb as K-congener that was stimulated three-fold by the KCC-activator N-ethylmaleimide. Copyright (c) 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Development and application of a ruthenium(II) complex-based photoluminescent and electrochemiluminescent dual-signaling probe for nitric oxide.

PubMed

Zhang, Wenzhu; Zhang, Jingmei; Zhang, Hailei; Cao, Liyan; Zhang, Run; Ye, Zhiqiang; Yuan, Jingli

2013-11-15

A ruthenium(II) complex, [Ru(bpy)2(DA-phen)](PF6)2 (bpy: 2,2'-bipyridine; DA-phen: 5,6-diamino-1,10-phenanthroline), has been developed as a photoluminescent (PL) and electrochemiluminescent (ECL) dual-signaling probe for the highly sensitive and selective detection of nitric oxide (NO) in aqueous and biological samples. Due to the presence of electron transfer process from diamino group to the excited-state of the Ru(II) complex, the PL and ECL intensities of the probe are very weak. After the probe was reacted with NO in physiological pH aqueous media under aerobic conditions to afford its triazole derivative, [Ru(bpy)2(TA-phen)](2+) (TA-phen: 5,6-triazole-1,10-phenanthroline), the electron transfer process was inhibited, so that the PL and ECL efficiency of the Ru(II) complex was remarkably increased. The PL and ECL responses of the probe to NO in physiological pH media are highly sensitive with the detection limits at low micromolar concentration level, and highly specific without the interferences of other reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and metal ions. Moreover, the probe has good cell-membrane permeability, and can be rapidly transferred into living cells for trapping the intracellular NO molecules. These features enabled the probe to be successfully used for the monitoring of the endogenous NO production in living biological cell and tissue samples with PL and ECL dual-modes. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

An ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence sensor based on reduced graphene oxide-copper sulfide composite coupled with capillary electrophoresis for determination of amlodipine besylate in mice plasma.

PubMed

Wei, Yanfen; Wang, Hao; Sun, Shuangjiao; Tang, Lifu; Cao, Yupin; Deng, Biyang

2016-12-15

A new electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor based on reduced graphene oxide-copper sulfide (rGO-CuS) composite coupled with capillary electrophoresis (CE) was constructed for the ultrasensitive detection of amlodipine besylate (AML) for the first time. In this work, rGO-CuS composite was synthesized by one-pot hydrothermal method and used for electrode modification. The electrochemical and ECL behaviors of the sensor were investigated. More than 5-fold enhance in ECL intensity was observed after modified with rGO-CuS composite. The results can be ascribed to the presence of rGO-CuS composite on the electrode surface that facilitates the electron transfer rate between the electroactive center of Ru(bpy)3(2+) and the electrode. The ECL sensor was coupled with CE to improve the selectivity and the CE-ECL parameters that affect separation and detection were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the linear ranges for AML was 0.008-5.0μg/mL with a detection limit of 2.8ng/mL (S/N=3). The method displayed the advantages of high sensitivity, good selectivity, wide linear range, low detection limit and fine reproducibility, and was used to analyze AML in mice plasma with a satisfactory result, which holds a great potential in the field of pharmaceutical analysis. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

[Comparison of the performance of the ECLusys anti-HCV reagent with the Lumipulse f and HISCL 2000-i HCVAb assays].

PubMed

Sugiura, Aya; Iwahara, Kunihiro; Suga, Yasuyuki; Uchiyama, Sachinori; Maekawa, Masato

2012-09-01

We compared the ECLusys Anti-HCV (ECL) reagent to the Lumipulse f (LPf) and HISCL (HIS) HCV assays. In a correlation test using 210 routine clinical specimens measured using the Lumipulse method (96 positive and 114 negative), most of the results were consistent for all specimens. In a dilution sensitivity test using three different routine positive specimens, the ECL assay enabled detection at higher levels of sensitivity than either the LPf or the HIS assay. Moreover, when the distribution of the cut-off index (C.O.I.) values of the routine LPf negative specimens were compared to those on the ECL and HIS assays, it was found that on the ECL assay, most of the specimens had cut-off index values < 0.1, indicating a more clear-cut distribution. In a specificity test using high RF positive specimens(n = 33), pregnancy specimens (n = 35), cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody positive specimens (n = 36), and high M protein positive specimens (n = 21), the ECL assay yielded positive results for a CMV antibody positive specimen and three high M protein positive specimens. Further testing using samples from the same patients collected on different days than these four samples resulted in a second positive result for the CMV positive specimen, and single antigen measurement yielded a Core/NS3 positive result, as well, suggesting past infection. However, since negative results were obtained for the three M protein positive specimens, the possibility of this being a ECLusys non-specific reaction could not be ruled out. The above results confirmed that the ECL assay provides superior fundamental performance, and possesses test performance nearly identical to that of the existing measurement methods that are widely used at a large number of facilities, and would therefore be a suitable assay for use in routine HCV antibody screening.

A novel "dual-potential" electrochemiluminescence aptasensor array using CdS quantum dots and luminol-gold nanoparticles as labels for simultaneous detection of malachite green and chloramphenicol.

PubMed

Feng, Xiaobin; Gan, Ning; Zhang, Huairong; Yan, Qing; Li, Tianhua; Cao, Yuting; Hu, Futao; Yu, Hongwei; Jiang, Qianli

2015-12-15

A novel type of "dual-potential" electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor array was fabricated on a homemade screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) for simultaneous detection of malachite green (MG) and chloramphenicol (CAP) in one single assay. The SPCE substrate consisted of a common Ag/AgCl reference electrode, carbon counter electrode and two carbon working electrodes (WE1 and WE2). In the system, CdS quantum dots (QDs) were modified on WE1 as cathode ECL emitters and luminol-gold nanoparticles (L-Au NPs) were modified on WE2 as anode ECL emitters. Then the MG aptamer complementary strand (MG cDNA) and CAP aptamer complementary strand (CAP cDNA) were attached on CdS QDs and L-Au NPs, respectively. The cDNA would hybridize with corresponding aptamer that was respectively tagged with cyanine dye (Cy5) (as quenchers of CdS QDs) and chlorogenic acid (CA) (as quenchers of l-Au NPs) using poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) as a bridging agent. PEI could lead to a large number of quenchers on the aptamer, which increased the quenching efficiency. Upon MG and CAP adding, the targets could induce strand release due to the highly affinity of analytes toward aptamers. Meanwhile, it could release the Cy5 and CA, which recovered cathode ECL of CdS QDs and anode ECL of L-Au NPs simultaneously. This "dual-potential" ECL strategy could be used to detect MG and CAP with the linear ranges of 0.1-100 nM and 0.2-150 nM, with detection limits of 0.03 nM and 0.07 nM (at 3sB), respectively. More importantly, this designed method was successfully applied to determine MG and CAP in real fish samples and held great potential in the food analysis. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Signal-Switchable Electrochemiluminescence System Coupled with Target Recycling Amplification Strategy for Sensitive Mercury Ion and Mucin 1 Assay.

PubMed

Jiang, Xinya; Wang, Huijun; Wang, Haijun; Yuan, Ruo; Chai, Yaqin

2016-09-20

In the present work, we first found that mercury ion (Hg(2+)) has an efficient quenching effect on the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of N-(aminobutyl)-N-(ethylisoluminol) (ABEI). Since we were inspired by this discovery, an aptamer-based ECL sensor was fabricated based on a Hg(2+) triggered signal switch coupled with an exonuclease I (Exo I)-stimulated target recycling amplification strategy for ultrasensitive determination of Hg(2+) and mucin 1 (MUC1). Concretely, the ECL intensity of ABEI-functionalized silver nanoparticles decorated graphene oxide nanocomposite (GO-AgNPs-ABEI) was initially enhanced by ferrocene labeled ssDNA (Fc-S1) (first signal switch "on" state) in the existence of H2O2. With the aid of aptamer, assistant ssDNA (S2) and full thymine (T) bases ssDNA (S3) modified Au nanoparticles (AuNPs-S2-S3) were immobilized on the sensing surface through the hybridization reaction. Then, via the strong and stable T-Hg(2+)-T interaction, an abundance of Hg(2+) was successfully captured on the AuNPs-S2-S3 and effectively inhibited the ECL reaction of ABEI (signal switch "off" state). Finally, the signal switch "on" state was executed by utilizing MUC1 as an aptamer-specific target to bind aptamer, leading to the large decrease of the captured Hg(2+). To further improve the sensitivity of the aptasensor, Exo I was implemented to digest the binded aptamer, which resulted in the release of MUC1 for achieving target recycling with strong detectable ECL signal even in a low level of MUC1. By integrating the quenching effect of Hg(2+) to reduce the background signal and target recycling for signal amplification, this proposed ECL aptasensor was successfully used to detect Hg(2+) and MUC1 sensitively with a wide linear response.

The interaction of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin with receptor claudins

PubMed Central

Shrestha, Archana; Uzal, Francisco A.; McClane, Bruce A.

2016-01-01

Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) has significant medical importance due to its involvement in several common human gastrointestinal diseases. This 35 kDa single polypeptide toxin consists of two domains: a C-terminal domain involved in receptor binding and an N-terminal domain involved in oligomerization, membrane insertion and pore formation. The action of CPE starts with its binding to receptors, which include certain members of the claudin tight junction protein family; bound CPE then forms a series of complexes, one of which is a pore that causes the calcium influx responsible for host cell death. Recent studies have revealed that CPE binding to claudin receptors involves interactions between the C-terminal CPE domain and both the 1st and 2nd extracellular loops (ECL-1 and ECL-2) of claudin receptors. Of particular importance for this binding is the docking of ECL-2 into a pocket present in the C-terminal domain of the toxin. This increased understanding of CPE interactions with claudin receptors is now fostering the development of receptor decoy therapeutics for CPE-mediated gastrointestinal disease, reagents for cancer therapy/diagnoses and enhancers of drug delivery. PMID:27090847

Bombyx mori ABC transporter C2 structures responsible for the receptor function of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Aa toxin.

PubMed

Tanaka, Shiho; Endo, Haruka; Adegawa, Satomi; Iizuka, Ami; Imamura, Kazuhiro; Kikuta, Shingo; Sato, Ryoichi

2017-12-01

Because Bombyx mori ABC transporter C2 (BmABCC2) has 1000-fold higher potential than B. mori cadherin-like protein as a receptor for Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Aa toxin (Tanaka et al., 2013), the gate-opening ability of the latent pore under six extracellular loops (ECLs) of BmABCC2 was expected to be the reason for its higher potential (Heckel, 2012). In this study, cell swelling assays in Sf9 cells showed that BmABCC2 mutants lacking substrate-excreting activity retained receptor activity, indicating that the gate-opening activity of BmABCC2 is not responsible for Cry1Aa toxicity. The analysis of 29 BmABCC2 mutants demonstrated that 770 DYWL 773 of ECL 4 comprise a putative binding site to Cry1Aa. This suggests that specific toxicity of Cry1Aa toxin to a restricted range of lepidopteran insects is dependent on conservation and variation in the amino acid residues around 770 DYWL 773 of ECL 4 in the ABCC2. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The association between family meals and early-adolescents' weight status change in the context of parental discipline practices: the moderating roles of ethnicity and acculturation.

PubMed

Chang, Yiting; Halgunseth, Linda C

2015-04-01

This study examines the interactions among family meals, parental discipline practices, ethnicity, and acculturation on weight status change in a diverse sample of early-adolescents. Data were obtained from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K), a nationally representative sample of children who entered kindergarten during 1998-1999. In fifth grade, parents reported on child and household routines. In fifth and eighth grade, children were weighed and measured at school. Above and beyond covariates, less acculturated Hispanic adolescents who ate more family meals and experienced low parental behavioral control in fifth grade were less likely to make a healthy change (γ = -0.15, OR = 0.86, p < 0.05) and more likely to make an unhealthy change (γ = 0.32, OR = 1.38, p < 0.05) in their weight status by eighth grade, when compared to White Non-Hispanic adolescents. The implications of interactions among family meals, parental discipline practices, and healthy weight promotion are discussed in the context of ethnicity and acculturation.

Patterns and predictors of father-infant engagement across race/ethnic groups

PubMed Central

Cabrera, Natasha J.; Hofferth, Sandra L.; Chae, Soo

2011-01-01

This study examines whether levels of father engagement (e.g., verbal stimulation, caregiving, and physical play) vary by race/ethnicity using a model that controls for fathers’ human capital, mental health, and family relationships. It also tests whether the models work similarly across race/ethnic groups. Its sample of N=5,089 infants and their families is drawn from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study – Birth Cohort (ECLS-B). We found that, after including controls, African American and Latino fathers had higher levels of engagement in caregiving and physical play activities than White fathers. There were no differences in verbal stimulation activities across race/ethnicity. Fathers’ education (college level) predicted more verbally stimulating activities whereas fathers’ report of couple conflict predicted less caregiving and physical play. Although levels of engagement differed across the groups, the overall models did not differ by race/ethnicity, except for physical play. African American mothers who reported high levels of depressive symptoms had partners who engaged in more physical play than White mothers with high levels of depressive symptoms. PMID:22110258

International Space Station Environmental Control and Life Support System Status: 2002-2003

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wiliams, David E.; Lewis, John F.; Gentry, Gregory

2003-01-01

The International Space Station (ISS) Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) system includes regenerative and non-regenerative technologies that provide the basic life support functions to support the crew, while maintaining a safe and habitable shirtsleeve environment. This paper provides a summary of the U.S. ECLS system activities over the past year, covering the period of time between April 2002 and March 2003. The ISS continued permanent crew operations, with the start of Phase 3 of the ISS Assembly Sequence. Work continued on the Phase 3 pressurized elements with Node 3 just completing its final design review so that it can proceed towards manufacturing and the continued manufacturing of the regenerative ECLS equipment that will be integrated into Node 3.

Development of an in situ magnetic beads based RT-PCR method for electrochemiluminescent detection of rotavirus

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhan, Fangfang; Zhou, Xiaoming

2012-12-01

Rotaviruses are double-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the family of enteric pathogens. It is a major cause of diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children worldwide. Consequently, rapid and accurate detection of rotaviruses is of great importance in controlling and preventing food- and waterborne diseases and outbreaks. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a reliable method that possesses high specificity and sensitivity. It has been widely used to detection of viruses. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) can be considered as an important and powerful tool in analytical and clinical application with high sensitivity, excellent specificity, and low cost. Here we have developed a method for the detection of rotavirus by combining in situ magnetic beads (MBs) based RT-PCR with ECL. RT of rotavirus RNA was carried out in a traditional way and the resulting cDNA was directly amplified on MBs. Forward primers were covalently bounded to MBs and reverse primers were labeled with tris-(2, 2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium (TBR). During the PCR cycling, the TBR labeled products were directly loaded and enriched on the surface of MBs. Then the MBs-TBR complexes could be analyzed by a magnetic ECL platform without any post-modification or post-incubation which avoid some laborious manual operations and achieve rapid yet sensitive detection. In this study, rotavirus from fecal specimens was successfully detected within 2 h, and the limit of detection was estimated to be 104copies/μL. This novel in situ MBs based RT-PCR with ECL detection method can be used for pathogen detection in food safety field and clinical diagnosis.

Ultrasensitive luminol electrochemiluminescence for protein detection based on in situ generated hydrogen peroxide as coreactant with glucose oxidase anchored AuNPs@MWCNTs labeling.

PubMed

Cao, Yaling; Yuan, Ruo; Chai, Yaqin; Mao, Li; Niu, Huan; Liu, Huijing; Zhuo, Ying

2012-01-15

In this study, an ultrasensitive luminol electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor was constructed using carboxyl group functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as platform and glucose oxidase (GOD) supported on Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) decorated MWCNTs (AuNPs@MWCNTs-GOD) as labels. Firstly, using poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) as linkage reagents, AuNPs@MWCNTs were prepared and introduced for binding of the secondary antibody (Ab(2)) and glucose oxidase (GOD) with high loading amount and good biological activity due to the improved surface area of AuNPs@MWCNTs and excellent biocompatibility of AuNPs. Then the GOD and Ab(2) labeled AuNPs@MWCNTs were linked to the electrode surface via sandwich immunoreactions. These localized GOD and AuNPs amplified luminol ECL signals dramatically, which was achieved by efficient catalysis of the GOD and AuNPs towards the oxidation of glucose to in situ generate improved amount of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) as coreactant and the enhancement of AuNPs to the ECL reaction of luminol-H(2)O(2). The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed immunosensor exhibited sensitive and stable response for the detection of α-1-fetoprotein (AFP), ranging from 0.0001 to 80 ng mL(-1) with a limit of detection down to 0.03 pg mL(-1) (S/N=3). With excellent stability, sensitivity, selectivity and simplicity, the proposed luminol ECL immunosensor showed great potential in clinical applications. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Disposable electrochemiluminescent biosensor for lactate determination in saliva.

PubMed

Ballesta Claver, J; Valencia Mirón, M C; Capitán-Vallvey, L F

2009-07-01

An electrochemiluminescence-based disposable biosensor for lactate is characterized. The lactate recognition system is based on lactate oxidase (LOx) and the transduction system consists of luminol. All the needed reagents, luminol, LOx, BSA, electrolyte and buffer have been immobilized by a Methocel membrane placed on the working electrode of the screen-printed electrochemical cell. The measurement of the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is made possible via a photocounting head when 50 microl of sample is placed into the screen-printed cell with a circular container containing the disposable sensing membrane. The compositions of the membrane and reaction conditions have been optimized to obtain adequate sensitivity. The disposable biosensor responds to lactate after 20 s when two 1 s pulses at 0.5 V are applied to obtain the analytical parameter, the ECL initial rate. The linearized double logarithmic dependence for lactate shows a dynamic range from 10(-5) to 5 x 10(-4) M with a detection limit of 5 x 10(-6) M and a sensor-to-sensor repeatability, as relative standard deviation, RSD, of 3.30% at the medium level of the range. The ECL disposable biosensor was applied to the analysis of lactate in human saliva as an alternative procedure for obtaining the lactate level in a non-invasive way. Interferences coming from components of saliva were studied and eliminated in a simple way that was easy to handle. The procedure was validated for use in human saliva, comparing the results against an enzymatic reference procedure. The proposed method is quick, inexpensive, selective and sensitive and uses conventional ECL instrumentation.

Novel Single-Cell Analysis Platform Based on a Solid-State Zinc-Coadsorbed Carbon Quantum Dots Electrochemiluminescence Probe for the Evaluation of CD44 Expression on Breast Cancer Cells.

PubMed

Qiu, Youyi; Zhou, Bin; Yang, Xiaojuan; Long, Dongping; Hao, Yan; Yang, Peihui

2017-05-24

A novel single-cell analysis platform was fabricated using solid-state zinc-coadsorbed carbon quantum dot (ZnCQDs) nanocomposites as an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the detection of breast cancer cells and evaluation of the CD44 expression level. Solid-state ZnCQDs nanocomposite probes were constructed through the attachment of ZnCQDs to gold nanoparticles and then the loading of magnetic beads to amplify the ECL signal, exhibiting a remarkable 120-fold enhancement of the ECL intensity. Hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized solid-state probes were used to label a single breast cancer cell by the specific recognition of HA with CD44 on the cell surface, revealing more stable, sensitive, and effective tagging in comparison with the water-soluble CQDs. This strategy exhibited a good analytical performance for the analysis of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 single cells with linear range from 1 to 18 and from 1 to 12 cells, respectively. Furthermore, this single-cell analysis platform was used for evaluation of the CD44 expression level of these two cell lines, in which the MDA-MB-231 cells revealed a 2.8-5.2-fold higher CD44 expression level. A total of 20 single cells were analyzed individually, and the distributions of the ECL intensity revealed larger variations, indicating the high cellular heterogeneity of the CD44 expression level on the same cell line. The as-proposed single-cell analysis platform might provide a novel protocol to effectively study the individual cellular function and cellular heterogeneity.

A Methodology to Achieve Secure Administration of English Comprehension Level Tests--Phase 1. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berger, Louis S.; And Others

This report analyzes a two-step program designed to achieve security in the administration of the English Comprehension Level (ECL) test given by the Defense Language Institute. Since the ECL test score is the basis for major administrative and academic decisions, there is great motivation for performing well, and student test compromise is…

Development of electrochemiluminescent inhibition method for determination of gentian violet in aquatic water.

PubMed

Wang, Sui; Hao, Tingting; Yu, Xinwei; Gai, Panpan; Guo, Zhiyong

2012-04-01

Gentian violet (GV) was found to quench the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of the tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)/tris-n-propylamine (Ru(bpy)3(2+)-TPA) system at a glass carbon electrode (GCE). Based on the ECL signal changes, a simple and ultrasensitive detection method for GV in aquatic water was established. Under the optimized conditions, the quenched ECL intensity versus the logarithm of the concentration of GV was linear over a concentration range from 1.0×10(-10) to 5.0×10(-7) mol L(-1), and the limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 4.5×10(-12) mol L(-1) (S/N=3). The results obtained by the ECL system were better than other reported methods in literatures in terms of sensitivity or linear response range. The method was successfully applied to determine GV in aquatic water, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were found less than 6.3%, and the recoveries were obtained from 98.7 to 111.0%. Moreover, a possible mechanism of the quenching effect was primarily discussed based on UV-visible absorption spectra, cyclic voltammograms and IECL-E curves. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Development and hemocompatibility testing of nitric oxide releasing polymers using a rabbit model of thrombogenicity

PubMed Central

Major, Terry C; Handa, Hitesh; Annich, Gail M; Bartlett, Robert H

2014-01-01

Hemocompatibility is the goal for any biomaterial contained in extracorporeal life supporting (ECLS) medical devices. The hallmarks for hemocompatibility include nonthrombogenicity, platelet preservation and maintained platelet function. Both in vitro and in vivo assays testing for compatibility of the blood/biomaterial interface have been used over the last several decades to ascertain if the biomaterial used in medical tubing and devices will require systemic anticoagulation for viability. Over the last 50 years systemic anticoagulation with heparin has been the gold standard in maintaining effective ECLS. However, the biomaterial that maintains effective ECLS without the use of any systemic anticoagulant has remained elusive. In this review, the in vivo 4-h rabbit thrombogenicity model genesis will be described with emphasis on biomaterials that may require no systemic anticoagulation for ECLS longevity. These novel biomaterials may improve extracorporeal circulation (ECC) hemocompatibility by preserving near resting physiology of the major blood components, the platelets and monocytes. The rabbit ECC model provides a complete assessment of biomaterial interactions with the intrinsic coagulation players, the circulating platelet and monocytes. This total picture of blood/biomaterial interaction suggests that this rabbit thrombogenicity model could provide a standardization for biomaterial hemocompatibility testing. PMID:24934500

Photoluminescence, chemiluminescence and anodic electrochemiluminescence of hydrazide-modified graphene quantum dots

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dong, Yongqiang; Dai, Ruiping; Dong, Tongqing; Chi, Yuwu; Chen, Guonan

2014-09-01

Single-layer graphene quantum dots (SGQDs) were refluxed with hydrazine (N2H4) to prepare hydrazide-modified SGQDs (HM-SGQDs). Compared with SGQDs, partial oxygen-containing groups have been removed from HM-SGQDs. At the same time, a lot of hydrazide groups have been introduced into HM-SGQDs. The introduced hydrazide groups provide HM-SGQDs with a new kind of surface state, and give HM-SGQDs unique photoluminescence (PL) properties such as blue-shifted PL emission and a relatively high PL quantum yield. More importantly, the hydrazide-modification made HM-SGQDs have abundant luminol-like units. Accordingly, HM-SGQDs exhibit unique and excellent chemiluminescence (CL) and anodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL). The hydrazide groups of HM-SGQDs can be chemically oxidized by the dissolved oxygen (O2) in alkaline solutions, producing a strong CL signal. The CL intensity is mainly dependent on the pH value and the concentration of O2, implying the potential applications of HM-SGQDs in pH and O2 sensors. The hydrazide groups of HM-SGQDs can also be electrochemically oxidized in alkaline solutions, producing a strong anodic ECL signal. The ECL intensity can be enhanced sensitively by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The enhanced ECL intensity is proportional to the concentration of H2O2 in a wide range of 3 μM to 500 μM. The detection limit of H2O2 was calculated to be about 0.7 μM. The results suggest the great potential applications of HM-SGQDs in the sensors of H2O2 and bio-molecules that are able to produce H2O2 in the presence of enzymes.Single-layer graphene quantum dots (SGQDs) were refluxed with hydrazine (N2H4) to prepare hydrazide-modified SGQDs (HM-SGQDs). Compared with SGQDs, partial oxygen-containing groups have been removed from HM-SGQDs. At the same time, a lot of hydrazide groups have been introduced into HM-SGQDs. The introduced hydrazide groups provide HM-SGQDs with a new kind of surface state, and give HM-SGQDs unique photoluminescence (PL) properties such as blue-shifted PL emission and a relatively high PL quantum yield. More importantly, the hydrazide-modification made HM-SGQDs have abundant luminol-like units. Accordingly, HM-SGQDs exhibit unique and excellent chemiluminescence (CL) and anodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL). The hydrazide groups of HM-SGQDs can be chemically oxidized by the dissolved oxygen (O2) in alkaline solutions, producing a strong CL signal. The CL intensity is mainly dependent on the pH value and the concentration of O2, implying the potential applications of HM-SGQDs in pH and O2 sensors. The hydrazide groups of HM-SGQDs can also be electrochemically oxidized in alkaline solutions, producing a strong anodic ECL signal. The ECL intensity can be enhanced sensitively by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The enhanced ECL intensity is proportional to the concentration of H2O2 in a wide range of 3 μM to 500 μM. The detection limit of H2O2 was calculated to be about 0.7 μM. The results suggest the great potential applications of HM-SGQDs in the sensors of H2O2 and bio-molecules that are able to produce H2O2 in the presence of enzymes. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: AFM images of SGQDs and HM-SGQDs (Fig. S1), FT-IR spectra of SGQDs and HM-SGQDs (Fig. S2), UV-vis and PL emission spectra of R-SGQDs (Fig. S3), cathodic ECL responses of SGQD, R-SGQDs and HM-SGQDs (Fig. S4), and the pH effect on the anodic ECL responses of HM-SGQDs (Fig. S5). See DOI: 10.1039/c4nr02539c

An amplified electrochemiluminescent aptasensor using Au nanoparticles capped by 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic acid-thiosemicarbazide functionalized C60 nanocomposites as a signal enhancement tag

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Meng-Nan; Zhang, Xia; Zhuo, Ying; Chai, Ya-Qin; Yuan, Ruo

2015-01-01

A novel electrochemiluminescent (ECL) signal tag of Au nanoparticles capped by 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic acid-thiosemicarbazide functionalized C60 nanocomposites (AuNPs/TSC-PTC/C60NPs) was developed for thrombin (TB) aptasensor construction based on the peroxydisulfate/oxygen (S2O82-/O2) system. For signal tag fabrication, the C60 nanoparticles (C60NPs) were prepared and then coated with 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic acid (PTCA) by π-π stacking interactions. Afterwards, thiosemicarbazide (TSC) was linked with PTCA functionalized C60NPs via amidation for further assembling Au nanoparticles (AuNPs). Finally, detection aptamer of thrombin (TBA 2) was labeled on the ECL signal amplification tag of AuNPs/TSC-PTC/C60NPs. Herein, TSC, with the active groups of -NH2 and -SH, was selected and introduced into the ECL S2O82-/O2 system for the first time, which could not only offer the active groups of -SH to absorb AuNPs for TBA 2 anchoring but also remarkably enhance the ECL signal of the S2O82-/O2 system by the formation of TSC-PTC/C60NPs for signal amplification. Meanwhile, the sensing interface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified by AuNPs/graphene (AuNPs/GR) nanocomposites with the large specific surface area and the active sites, followed by immobilization of thiol-terminated thrombin capture aptamer (TBA 1). With the formation of the sandwich-type structure of TBA 1, TB, and TBA 2 signal probes, a desirable enhanced ECL signal was measured in the testing buffer of an S2O82-/O2 solution for detecting TB. The aptasensor exhibited a good linear relationship for TB detection in the range of 1 × 10-5-10 nM with a detection limit of 3.3 fM.A novel electrochemiluminescent (ECL) signal tag of Au nanoparticles capped by 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic acid-thiosemicarbazide functionalized C60 nanocomposites (AuNPs/TSC-PTC/C60NPs) was developed for thrombin (TB) aptasensor construction based on the peroxydisulfate/oxygen (S2O82-/O2) system. For signal tag fabrication, the C60 nanoparticles (C60NPs) were prepared and then coated with 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic acid (PTCA) by π-π stacking interactions. Afterwards, thiosemicarbazide (TSC) was linked with PTCA functionalized C60NPs via amidation for further assembling Au nanoparticles (AuNPs). Finally, detection aptamer of thrombin (TBA 2) was labeled on the ECL signal amplification tag of AuNPs/TSC-PTC/C60NPs. Herein, TSC, with the active groups of -NH2 and -SH, was selected and introduced into the ECL S2O82-/O2 system for the first time, which could not only offer the active groups of -SH to absorb AuNPs for TBA 2 anchoring but also remarkably enhance the ECL signal of the S2O82-/O2 system by the formation of TSC-PTC/C60NPs for signal amplification. Meanwhile, the sensing interface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified by AuNPs/graphene (AuNPs/GR) nanocomposites with the large specific surface area and the active sites, followed by immobilization of thiol-terminated thrombin capture aptamer (TBA 1). With the formation of the sandwich-type structure of TBA 1, TB, and TBA 2 signal probes, a desirable enhanced ECL signal was measured in the testing buffer of an S2O82-/O2 solution for detecting TB. The aptasensor exhibited a good linear relationship for TB detection in the range of 1 × 10-5-10 nM with a detection limit of 3.3 fM. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05918b

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence of tris(2,2' bipyridine)ruthenium(II) using common biological buffers as co-reactant, pH buffer and supporting electrolyte.

PubMed

Kebede, Noah; Francis, Paul S; Barbante, Gregory J; Hogan, Conor F

2015-11-07

A series of aliphatic tertiary amines (HEPES, POPSO, EPPS and BIS-TRIS) commonly used to buffer the pH in biological experiments, were examined as alternative, non-toxic co-reactants for the electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) of tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(ii) ([Ru(bpy)3](2+)). These were found to be very attractive as "multi-tasking" reagents, serving not only as co-reactants, but also fulfiling the roles of pH buffer and supporting electrolyte within an aqueous environment; thus significantly simplifying the overall ECL analysis. Sub-nanomolar detection limits were obtained for [Ru(bpy)3](2+) in the presence of BIS-TRIS, making this species an valuable option for co-reactant ECL-based bioanalytical applications.

International Space Station (ISS) Node 1 Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) System Keep Out Zone On-Orbit Problems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, David E.

2004-01-01

The International Space Station (ISS) Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) system performance can be impacted by operations on ISS. This is especially important for the Temperature and Humidity Control (THC) and for the Fire Detection and Suppression (FDS) subsystems. It is also more important for Node 1 since it has become a convenient area for many crew tasks and for stowing hardware prior to Shuttle arrival. This paper will discuss the current requirements for ECLS keep out zones in Node 1; the issues with stowage in Node 1 during Increment 7 and how they impacted the keep out zone requirements; and the solution during Increment 7 and 8 for maintaining the keep out zones in Node 1.

Refractory Cardiogenic Shock During Tramadol Poisoning: A Case Report.

PubMed

Belin, Nicolas; Clairet, Anne-Laure; Chocron, Sidney; Capellier, Gilles; Piton, Gaël

2017-04-01

Tramadol is a weak opioid analgesic indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. Tramadol intoxication can be lethal, and this drug is frequently involved in voluntary overdose. Classically, tramadol intoxication is associated with neurological and respiratory side effects. In contrast, cardiac effects are poorly documented in the literature. We report a case of severe tramadol intoxication, with plasma concentration 20 times the toxic threshold, complicated by refractory cardiogenic shock, successfully treated by extra corporeal life support (ECLS) with a favorable cardiac outcome and ECLS weaning at day 10. Seizure, clonus, and nonreactive mydriasis were present during 4 days, and complete awakening was delayed to day 15. Poisoning caused by high doses of tramadol can lead to refractory cardiogenic shock, and ECLS can be considered as effective rescue therapy in this context.

The Ratio 1660/1690 cm−1 Measured by Infrared Microspectroscopy Is Not Specific of Enzymatic Collagen Cross-Links in Bone Tissue

PubMed Central

Farlay, Delphine; Duclos, Marie-Eve; Gineyts, Evelyne; Bertholon, Cindy; Viguet-Carrin, Stéphanie; Nallala, Jayakrupakar; Sockalingum, Ganesh D.; Bertrand, Dominique; Roger, Thierry; Hartmann, Daniel J.; Chapurlat, Roland; Boivin, Georges

2011-01-01

In postmenopausal osteoporosis, an impairment in enzymatic cross-links (ECL) occurs, leading in part to a decline in bone biomechanical properties. Biochemical methods by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are currently used to measure ECL. Another method has been proposed, by Fourier Transform InfraRed Imaging (FTIRI), to measure a mature PYD/immature DHLNL cross-links ratio, using the 1660/1690 cm−1 area ratio in the amide I band. However, in bone, the amide I band composition is complex (collagens, non-collagenous proteins, water vibrations) and the 1660/1690 cm−1 by FTIRI has never been directly correlated with the PYD/DHLNL by HPLC. A study design using lathyritic rats, characterized by a decrease in the formation of ECL due to the inhibition of lysyl oxidase, was used in order to determine the evolution of 1660/1690 cm−1 by FTIR Microspectroscopy in bone tissue and compare to the ECL quantified by HPLC. The actual amount of ECL was quantified by HPLC on cortical bone from control and lathyritic rats. The lathyritic group exhibited a decrease of 78% of pyridinoline content compared to the control group. The 1660/1690 cm−1 area ratio was increased within center bone compared to inner bone, and this was also correlated with an increase in both mineral maturity and mineralization index. However, no difference in the 1660/1690 cm−1 ratio was found between control and lathyritic rats. Those results were confirmed by principal component analysis performed on multispectral infrared images. In bovine bone, in which PYD was physically destructed by UV-photolysis, the PYD/DHLNL (measured by HPLC) was strongly decreased, whereas the 1660/1690 cm−1 was unmodified. In conclusion, the 1660/1690 cm−1 is not related to the PYD/DHLNL ratio, but increased with age of bone mineral, suggesting that a modification of this ratio could be mainly due to a modification of the collagen secondary structure related to the mineralization process. PMID:22194900

The ratio 1660/1690 cm(-1) measured by infrared microspectroscopy is not specific of enzymatic collagen cross-links in bone tissue.

PubMed

Farlay, Delphine; Duclos, Marie-Eve; Gineyts, Evelyne; Bertholon, Cindy; Viguet-Carrin, Stéphanie; Nallala, Jayakrupakar; Sockalingum, Ganesh D; Bertrand, Dominique; Roger, Thierry; Hartmann, Daniel J; Chapurlat, Roland; Boivin, Georges

2011-01-01

In postmenopausal osteoporosis, an impairment in enzymatic cross-links (ECL) occurs, leading in part to a decline in bone biomechanical properties. Biochemical methods by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are currently used to measure ECL. Another method has been proposed, by Fourier Transform InfraRed Imaging (FTIRI), to measure a mature PYD/immature DHLNL cross-links ratio, using the 1660/1690 cm(-1) area ratio in the amide I band. However, in bone, the amide I band composition is complex (collagens, non-collagenous proteins, water vibrations) and the 1660/1690 cm(-1) by FTIRI has never been directly correlated with the PYD/DHLNL by HPLC. A study design using lathyritic rats, characterized by a decrease in the formation of ECL due to the inhibition of lysyl oxidase, was used in order to determine the evolution of 1660/1690 cm(-1) by FTIR Microspectroscopy in bone tissue and compare to the ECL quantified by HPLC. The actual amount of ECL was quantified by HPLC on cortical bone from control and lathyritic rats. The lathyritic group exhibited a decrease of 78% of pyridinoline content compared to the control group. The 1660/1690 cm(-1) area ratio was increased within center bone compared to inner bone, and this was also correlated with an increase in both mineral maturity and mineralization index. However, no difference in the 1660/1690 cm(-1) ratio was found between control and lathyritic rats. Those results were confirmed by principal component analysis performed on multispectral infrared images. In bovine bone, in which PYD was physically destructed by UV-photolysis, the PYD/DHLNL (measured by HPLC) was strongly decreased, whereas the 1660/1690 cm(-1) was unmodified. In conclusion, the 1660/1690 cm(-1) is not related to the PYD/DHLNL ratio, but increased with age of bone mineral, suggesting that a modification of this ratio could be mainly due to a modification of the collagen secondary structure related to the mineralization process.

Beverage displacement between elementary and middle school, 2004-2007.

PubMed

Oza-Frank, Reena; Zavodny, Madeline; Cunningham, Solveig A

2012-09-01

Sweetened beverages of low nutritional quality might be displacing more nutritious beverages, such as 100% fruit juice and milk, from children's diets. However, previous research has not examined changes in beverage intake over time using nationally representative longitudinal data. Our objective was to examine changes in sweetened beverage, milk, and juice consumption between 5th and 8th grade. We used a longitudinal analysis of self-reported beverage consumption. Data were from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey-Kindergarten Cohort 1998-1999 (ECLS-K), a nationally representative study of children followed from kindergarten through 8th grade. This analysis used data from Spring 2004 and 2007, when most children were in 5th and 8th grade, respectively (n=7,445). Main outcome measures were changes in consumption of sweetened beverages, milk, and 100% fruit juice last week. Survey-adjusted linear regression was used to estimate longitudinal relationships between servings of milk, sweetened beverages, and 100% fruit juice, controlling for child and family characteristics and food consumption. Children's milk consumption decreased between 5th and 8th grade, and these decreases were larger among children who drank sweetened beverages daily. However, after controlling for demographic characteristics, changes in children's milk consumption were not significantly related to changes in their consumption of sweetened beverages over time (β=.005; P=0.81), while changes in milk consumption were positively related to changes in juice consumption (β=.087; P<0.01). Observed decreases in average milk consumption from 5th to 8th grade were not related to changes in sweetened-beverage consumption. They were positively related to changes in fruit juice consumption, so not indicating displacement. Caloric beverages generally tended to increase or decrease in tandem, so focus must be placed on their role in children's entire diet and on balancing them with food and total beverage intake. Copyright © 2012 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation using an innovative dual-lumen cannula following implantation of a total artificial heart.

PubMed

Youdle, Jemma; Penn, Sarah; Maunz, Olaf; Simon, Andre

2017-01-01

We report our first clinical use of the new Protek Duo TM cannula for peripheral veno-venous extra-corporeal life support (ECLS). A 53-year-old male patient underwent implantation of a total artificial heart (TAH) for biventricular failure. However, due to the development of post-operative respiratory dysfunction, the patient required ECLS for six days.

The role of corneal endothelial morphology in graft assessment and prediction of endothelial cell loss during organ culture of human donor corneas.

PubMed

Hermel, Martin; Salla, Sabine; Fuest, Matthias; Walter, Peter

2017-03-01

Endothelial assessment is crucial in the release of corneas for grafting. We retrospectively analysed the role of endothelial morphology parameters in predicting endothelial cell loss during organ culture. Human donor corneas were cultured in minimal essential medium with 2% fetal calf serum and antibiotics. Initial endothelial morphology was assessed microscopically using score parameters polymegethism (POL), pleomorphism (PLE), granulation (GRA), vacuolization (VAC), segmentation of cell membranes (SEG), Descemet's folds (DF), trypan blue-positive cells (TBPC) and endothelial cell-free areas (ECFA). Some corneas were primarily rejected based on endothelial assessment. Endothelial cell density (ECD) was assessed at the beginning (I-ECD) and end of culture. Corneas were then placed in dehydration medium (as above + 5% dextran 500). In a subgroup, ECD was reassessed after dehydration. Endothelial cell loss during culture (ECL@Culture) and culture+dehydration (ECL-Culture&Dehydration) were calculated. Data were given as mean ± SD and analysed using multiple linear and logistic regression. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. I-ECD was 2812 ± 360/mm 2 (n = 2356). The decision to reject a cornea due to endothelial assessment was associated negatively with I-ECD (OR = 0.77/100 cells, CI 0.7-0.82) and positively with ECFA (OR = 2.7, CI 1.69-4.35), SEG (OR =1.3, CI 1.01-1.68) and donor age (OR = 1.26/decade, CI 1.33-1.41). ECL@Culture was 153 ± 201/mm 2 (n = 1277), ECL@Culture&Dehydration was 169 ± 183/mm 2 (n = 918). ECL@Culture was associated positively with donor age, I-ECD, GRA and TBPC, and negatively with PLE, and DF. ECL@Culture&Dehydration was associated positively with age, sex, initial ECD, POL, PLE, VAC and TBPC. Morphological parameters displayed associations with the exclusion of corneas from culture and with endothelial cell loss. Appropriate parameter selection for screening purposes may help improve graft quality. © 2016 Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Solution-processable electrochemiluminescent ion gels for flexible, low-voltage, emissive displays on plastic.

PubMed

Moon, Hong Chul; Lodge, Timothy P; Frisbie, C Daniel

2014-03-05

Ion gels comprising ABA triblock copolymers and ionic liquids have received much attention as functional materials in numerous applications, especially as gate dielectrics in organic transistors. Here we have expanded the functionality of ion gels by demonstrating low-voltage, flexible electrochemiluminescent (ECL) devices using patterned ion gels containing redox-active luminophores. The ECL devices consisted only of a 30 μm thick emissive gel and two electrodes and were fabricated on indium tin oxide-coated substrates (e.g., polyester) simply by solution-casting the ECL gel and brush-painting a top Ag electrode. The triblock copolymer employed in the gel was polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate)-block-polystyrene, where the solvophobic polystyrene end blocks associate into micellar cross-links in the versatile ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMI][TFSI]). An ECL gel containing ~6.25 wt % Ru(bpy)3Cl2 (relative to [EMI][TFSI]) as the luminophore turned on at an AC peak-to-peak voltage as low as 2.6 V (i.e., -1.3 to +1.3 V) and showed a relatively rapid response (sub-ms). The wavelength of maximum emission was 610 nm (red-orange). With the use of an iridium(III) complex, Ir(diFppy)2(bpy)PF6 [diFppy = 2-(2',4'-difluorophenyl)pyridine; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridyl], the emitting color was tuned to a maximum wavelength of 540 nm (green). Moreover, when a blended luminophore system containing a 60:40 mixture of Ru(bpy)3(2+) and Ir(diFppy)2(bpy)(+) was used in the emissive layer, the luminance of red-orange-colored light was enhanced by a factor of 2, which is explained by the generation of the additional excited state Ru(bpy)3(2+)* by a coreactant pathway with Ir(diFppy)2(bpy)(+)* in addition to the usual annihilation pathway. This is the first time that enhanced ECL has been achieved in ion gels (or ionic liquids) using a coreactant. Overall, the results indicate that ECL ion gels are attractive multifunctional materials for printed electronics.

Technique charts for Kodak EC-L film screen system for portal localization in a 6MV X-ray beam.

PubMed

Sandilos, P; Antypas, C; Paraskevopoulou, C; Kouvaris, J; Vlachos, L

2006-01-01

Port films are used in radiotherapy for visual evaluation of the radiation fields and subsequent quantitative analysis. Common port films suffer from poor image quality compared to the simulator-diagnostic films and is desirable to determine the appropriate exposure required for the best image contrast. The aim of this work is to generate technique charts for the Kodak EC-L film screen system for use in a 6MV x-ray beam. Three homogeneous water phantoms were used to simulate head-neck, thorax and abdomen dimensions of adult human, correspondingly. The film screen system was calibrated in a 6MV x-ray beam and under various irradiation conditions. The film screen system behavior was studied as a function of phantom thickness, field size and air gap between the phantom and the film screen system. In each case the optimum film exposure which produces the maximum image contrast was determined. The generated technique charts for the EC-L film screen system and for a 6 MV x-ray beam are used in our radiotherapy department for daily quality assurance of the radiotherapy procedure.

Breastfeeding duration and offspring conduct problems: The moderating role of genetic risk.

PubMed

Jackson, Dylan B

2016-10-01

A sizable body of research has examined associations between breastfeeding and various facets of offspring development, including childhood behavioral problems. Notwithstanding the number of studies on the topic, breastfeeding has not consistently been linked to child misbehaviors. Moreover, empirical examinations of whether breastfeeding is differentially predictive of conduct problems among individuals with varying degrees of genetic risk are lacking. The present study examines whether a short duration of breastfeeding and genetic risk interact to predict conduct problems during childhood. A genetically informative design is employed to examine a subsample of twins from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study: Birth Cohort (ECLS-B), a nationally representative sample of American children. The findings suggest that a shorter duration of breastfeeding only enhances the risk of offspring conduct problems among children who possess high levels of genetic risk. Conversely, longer breastfeeding durations were found to protect against childhood behavioral problems when genetic risk was high. Indicators of genetic risk may help to distinguish individuals whose behavioral development is most sensitive to the duration of breastfeeding. Future research should seek to replicate and extend these findings by considering genetic factors as potential markers of differential susceptibility to breastfeeding duration. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Link Between Nutrition and Physical Activity in Increasing Academic Achievement.

PubMed

Asigbee, Fiona M; Whitney, Stephen D; Peterson, Catherine E

2018-06-01

Research demonstrates a link between decreased cognitive function in overweight school-aged children and improved cognitive function among students with high fitness levels and children engaging in regular physical activity (PA). The purpose of this study was to examine whether regular PA and proper nutrition together had a significant effect on academic achievement. Using the seventh wave of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class 1998-99 (ECLS-K) dataset, linear regression analysis with a Jackknife resampling correction was conducted to analyze the relationship among nutrition, PA, and academic achievement, while controlling for socioeconomic status, age, and sex. A nonactive, unhealthy nutrition group and a physically active, healthy nutrition group were compared on standardized tests of academic achievement. Findings indicated that PA levels and proper nutrition significantly predicted achievement scores. Thus, the active, healthy nutrition group scored higher on reading, math, and science standardized achievement tests scores. There is a strong connection between healthy nutrition and adequate PA, and the average performance within the population. Thus, results from this study suggest a supporting relationship between students' health and academic achievement. Findings also provide implications for school and district policy changes. © 2018, American School Health Association.

A novel ECL biosensor for the detection of concanavalin A based on glucose functionalized NiCo2S4 nanoparticles-grown on carboxylic graphene as quenching probe.

PubMed

Li, Xiaojian; Wang, Yaoguang; Shi, Li; Ma, Hongmin; Zhang, Yong; Du, Bin; Wu, Dan; Wei, Qin

2017-10-15

An electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor was developed for detection of Concanavalin A (Con A). Chitosan/Ru(bpy) 3 2+ /silica/Fe 3 O 4 nanomaterials (CRuSi-Fe 3 O 4 ) were synthesized through W/O microemulsion route. The added Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles can simplify the prepared process and enhance the conductivity of nanomaterials which can increase the ECL intensity of luminophor CRuSi-Fe 3 O 4 . In addition, the layered structure of CRuSi-Fe 3 O 4 can immobilize lots of Con A using glutaraldehyde as the coupling agent which can improve the sensitivity of the biosensor. Then the quenching probe glucose functionalized NiCo 2 S 4 nanoparticles-grown on carboxylic graphene (NiCo 2 S 4 -COOH-rGO@Glu) was anchored on the modified-electrode via the specific carbohydrate-Con A interaction. Here, NiCo 2 S 4 was used to quench the ECL of CRuSi-Fe 3 O 4 , graphene was used to grow NiCo 2 S 4 nanoparticles as carrier materials and glucose was served as the recognition element for bounding Con A. Therefore, a desirable quenching ECL signal was measured with S 2 O 8 2- as the coreactant of CRuSi-Fe 3 O 4 . Under the optimization of determination conditions, a linear response range for Con A from 0.5pgmL -1 to 100ngmL -1 was obtained, and the detection limit was calculated to be 0.18pgmL -1 (S/N=3). Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay by enhanced chemiluminescence detection for the standardization of estrogenic miroestrol in Pueraria candollei Graham ex Benth.

PubMed

Yusakul, Gorawit; Udomsin, Orapin; Tanaka, Hiroyuki; Morimoto, Satoshi; Juengwatanatrakul, Thaweesak; Putalun, Waraporn

2015-08-01

Miroestrol (ME) is a potent phytoestrogen from the P. candollei tuberous root. It has been approved for use in clinical trials due to its beneficial effect on disorders associated with estrogen deficiency. To ensure medical efficacy and safety, high performance analytical methods for ME analysis are required to standardize products from the P. candollei root. An enhanced chemiluminescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ECL-ELISA) was developed and validated using a polyclonal antibody against ME and a chemiluminescent system of luminol-H2 O2 -horseradish peroxidase-4-(1-imidazolyl) phenol. The ECL-ELISA system exhibited linearity over a concentration range of 0.31-10.00 ng mL(-1) , for which the relative standard variation (%RSD) was less than 10% for both intra- and interplate determinations. The ECL-ELISA is reliable for the determination of ME as reflected by the high recovery percentage (101.22-103.06%). As a comparative analysis, the ME content in each sample determined by ECL-ELISA was correlated with high coefficients of determination with colorimetric ELISA (R(2)  = 0.998) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (R(2)  = 0.998) methods. The ECL-ELISA method could be applied to all of the commercial products containing P. candollei root, when the products contain between 0.706 ± 0.046 and 13.123 ± 0.794 µg g(-1) dry wt. of ME. This method is useful as a high performance analytical method for the quantity control of ME in raw materials and end products at both the research and industrial levels. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Phakic Intraocular Lens Implantation: Refractive Outcome and Safety in Patients with Anterior Chamber Depth between 2.8 and 3.0 versus ≥3.0 mm.

PubMed

Guerra, Marta G; Silva, Andreia M M; Marques, Sara H M; Melo, Sofia H; Póvoa, João A; Lobo, Conceição; Murta, Joaquim Neto

2017-01-01

To compare endothelial cell (EC) variation after anterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (AC-pIOL) implantation in highly myopic patients with a preoperative anterior chamber depth (ACD) between 2.8 and 3.0 versus ≥3.0 mm. A total of 280 eyes submitted to primary AC-pIOL implantation were analyzed. Pre- and postoperative values for uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity, spherical equivalent, ACD (endothelial surface), and EC count were collected. The eyes were divided into 2 groups: group A - ACD between 2.8 and 3.0 mm; group B - ACD ≥3.0 mm. Mean global EC loss (ECL) and loss for each ACD group, according to pIOL type, were analyzed. Significant improvement of the spherical equivalent (-11.38 ± 4.57 vs. -0.49 ± 0.79; p = 0.000) and a significant decrease in EC density (2,810.95 ± 343.88 vs. 2,584.09 ± 374.88 cells/mm2; p = 0.000) were noted. The mean annual ECL was -2.19 ± 3.97%. Regarding group A (n = 80), a mean annual ECL of -2.06 ± 3.88% was registered, higher for the Acrysof Cachet® subtype, while group B (n = 200) showed -2.25 ± 4.01% ECL, higher for the Verisyse® subtype. There was no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.96). AC-pIOL implantation significantly improves the spherical equivalent in myopic patients. The mean annual ECL after pIOL implantation was higher in the larger ACD group, but this value was not statistically significant. A 2.8-mm ACD value seems to be a safe cutoff for AC-pIOL implantation. © 2017 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Self-Assembled DNA Tetrahedral Scaffolds for the Construction of Electrochemiluminescence Biosensor with Programmable DNA Cyclic Amplification.

PubMed

Feng, Qiu-Mei; Guo, Yue-Hua; Xu, Jing-Juan; Chen, Hong-Yuan

2017-05-24

A novel DNA tetrahedron-structured electrochemiluminescence (ECL) platform for bioanalysis with programmable DNA cyclic amplification was developed. In this work, glucose oxidase (GOD) was labeled to a DNA sequence (S) as functional conjugation (GOD-S), which could hybridize with other DNA sequences (L and P) to form GOD-S:L:P probe. In the presence of target DNA and a help DNA (A), the programmable DNA cyclic amplification was activated and released GOD-S via toehold-mediated strand displacement. Then, the obtained GOD-S was further immobilized on the DNA tetrahedral scaffolds with a pendant capture DNA and Ru(bpy) 3 2+ -conjugated silica nanoparticles (RuSi NPs) decorated on the electrode surface. Thus, the amount of GOD-S assembled on the electrode surface depended on the concentration of target DNA and GOD could catalyze glucose to generate H 2 O 2 in situ. The ECL signal of Ru(bpy) 3 2+ -TPrA system was quenched by the presence of H 2 O 2 . By integrating the programmable DNA cyclic amplification and in situ generating H 2 O 2 as Ru(bpy) 3 2+ ECL quencher, a sensitive DNA tetrahedron-structured ECL sensing platform was proposed for DNA detection. Under optimized conditions, this biosensor showed a wide linear range from 100 aM to 10 pM with a detection limit of 40 aM, indicating a promising application in DNA analysis. Furthermore, by labeling GOD to different recognition elements, the proposed strategy could be used for the detection of various targets. Thus, this programmable cascade amplification strategy not only retains the high selectivity and good capturing efficiency of tetrahedral-decorated electrode surface but also provides potential applications in the construction of ECL biosensor.

Evaluating Metabolite-Related DNA Oxidation and Adduct Damage from Aryl Amines Using a Microfluidic ECL Array.

PubMed

Bist, Itti; Bhakta, Snehasis; Jiang, Di; Keyes, Tia E; Martin, Aaron; Forster, Robert J; Rusling, James F

2017-11-21

Damage to DNA from the metabolites of drugs and pollutants constitutes a major human toxicity pathway known as genotoxicity. Metabolites can react with metal ions and NADPH to oxidize DNA or participate in S N 2 reactions to form covalently linked adducts with DNA bases. Guanines are the main DNA oxidation sites, and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) is the initial product. Here we describe a novel electrochemiluminescent (ECL) microwell array that produces metabolites from test compounds and measures relative rates of DNA oxidation and DNA adduct damage. In this new array, films of DNA, metabolic enzymes, and an ECL metallopolymer or complex assembled in microwells on a pyrolytic graphite wafer are housed in dual microfluidic chambers. As reactant solution passes over the wells, metabolites form and can react with DNA in the films to form DNA adducts. These adducts are detected by ECL from a RuPVP polymer that uses DNA as a coreactant. Aryl amines also combine with Cu 2+ and NADPH to form reactive oxygen species (ROS) that oxidize DNA. The resulting 8-oxodG was detected selectively by ECL-generating bis(2,2'-bipyridine)-(4-(1,10-phenanthrolin-6-yl)-benzoic acid)Os(II). DNA/enzyme films on magnetic beads were oxidized similarly, and 8-oxodG determined by LC/MS/MS enabled array standardization. The array limit of detection for oxidation was 720 8-oxodG per 10 6 nucleobases. For a series of aryl amines, metabolite-generated DNA oxidation and adduct formation turnover rates from the array correlated very well with rodent 1/TD 50 and Comet assay results.

[Interhospital transfer of ECMO-assisted patients in Martinique].

PubMed

Roger, D; Dudouit, J-M; Résière, D; Mehdaoui, H; Courcier, D; Villain, L; Léonard, C; Roques, F; Lebreton, G

2013-05-01

The transportation of critically ill patients in the French West Indies represents a real challenge; in order to ensure territorial continuity of health care provision, the cardiac surgical department of the Fort-de-France Hospital created a mobile ECMO/ECLS unit. The aim of our work is to describe the logistical, technical and financial aspects of the interhospital transfer of ECMO/ECLS-assisted patients in the French Caribbean. All ECMO/ECLS-assisted patients in the French Antilles-Guyane area subsequently repatriated towards the Fort-de-France Hospital were included from December 29th, 2009 to September 30th, 2011. Indication and type of the extracorporeal assistance used, location of departure, type of transport vehicle, complications during transfer, survival after hospital discharge and direct costs were collected. Nineteen patients were supported by our mobile unit far away from our centre (sex-ratio 0.63, median age 34years old [16-64]). Twelve were assisted by ECMO for a refractory ARDS, and seven were assisted by ECLS for a refractory cardiogenic shock. Four patients were transferred by ambulance (7-29km), seven by helicopter (190-440km), and eight by plane (440-1430km). No patient died during transfer. No major adverse event occurred during these transfers. Fifteen patients survived. An economic assessment was conducted. Interhospital transfer of ECMO/ECLS-assisted patients by land or air is technically feasible under perfectly secure conditions in our area. Prior coordination of this activity has helped to make it affordable. Copyright © 2013 Société française d’anesthésie et de réanimation (Sfar). Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.

A novel probe density controllable electrochemiluminescence biosensor for ultra-sensitive detection of Hg2+ based on DNA hybridization optimization with gold nanoparticles array patterned self-assembly platform.

PubMed

Gao, Wenhua; Zhang, An; Chen, Yunsheng; Chen, Zixuan; Chen, Yaowen; Lu, Fushen; Chen, Zhanguang

2013-11-15

Biosensor based on DNA hybridization holds great potential to get higher sensitivity as the optimal DNA hybridization efficiency can be achieved by controlling the distribution and orientation of probe strands on the transducer surface. In this work, an innovative strategy is reported to tap the sensitivity potential of current electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensing system by dispersedly anchoring the DNA beacons on the gold nanoparticles (GNPs) array which was electrodeposited on the glassy carbon electrode surface, rather than simply sprawling the coil-like strands onto planar gold surface. The strategy was developed by designing a "signal-on" ECL biosensing switch fabricated on the GNPs nanopatterned electrode surface for enhanced ultra-sensitivity detection of Hg(2+). A 57-mer hairpin-DNA labeled with ferrocene as ECL quencher and a 13-mer DNA labeled with Ru(bpy)3(2+) as reporter were hybridized to construct the signal generator in off-state. A 31-mer thymine (T)-rich capture-DNA was introduced to form T-T mismatches with the loop sequence of the hairpin-DNA in the presence of Hg(2+) and induce the stem-loop open, meanwhile the ECL "signal-on" was triggered. The peak sensitivity with the lowest detection limit of 0.1 nM was achieved with the optimal GNPs number density while exorbitant GNPs deposition resulted in sensitivity deterioration for the biosensor. We expect the present strategy could lead the renovation of the existing probe-immobilized ECL genosensor design to get an even higher sensitivity in ultralow level of target detection such as the identification of genetic diseases and disorders in basic research and clinical application. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Sensitive electrochemiluminescence biosensor based on Au-ITO hybrid bipolar electrode amplification system for cell surface protein detection.

PubMed

Wu, Mei-Sheng; Yuan, Da-Jing; Xu, Jing-Juan; Chen, Hong-Yuan

2013-12-17

Here we developed a novel hybrid bipolar electrode (BPE)-electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor based on hybrid bipolar electrode (BPE) for the measurement of cancer cell surface protein using ferrocence (Fc) labeled aptamer as signal recognition and amplification probe. According to the electric neutrality of BPE, the cathode of U-shaped ITO BPE was electrochemically deposited by Au nanoparticles (NPs) to enhance its conductivity and surface area, decrease the overpotential of O2 reduction, which would correspondingly increase the oxidation current of Ru(bpy)3(2+)/tripropylamine (TPA) on the anode of BPE and resulting a ∼4-fold enhancement of ECL intensity. Then a signal amplification strategy was designed by introducing Fc modified aptamer on the anode surface of BPE through hybridization for detecting the amount of mucin-1 on MCF-7 cells. The presence of Fc could not only inhibit the oxidation of Ru(bpy)3(2+) because of its lower oxidation potential, its oxidation product Fc(+) could also quench the ECL of Ru(bpy)3(2+)/TPA by efficient energy-transfer from the excited-state Ru(bpy)3(2+)* to Fc(+), making the ECL intensity greatly quenched. On the basis of the cathodic Au NPs induced ECL enhancing coupled with anodic Fc induced signal quenching amplification, the approach allowed detection of mucin-1 aptamer at a concentration down to 0.5 fM and was capable of detecting a minimum of 20 MCF-7 cells. Besides, the amount of mucin-1 on MCF-7 cells was calculated to be 9041 ± 388 molecules/cell. This approach therefore shows great promise in bioanalysis.

Ratiometric biosensor array for multiplexed detection of microRNAs based on electrochemiluminescence coupled with cyclic voltammetry.

PubMed

Feng, Xiaobin; Gan, Ning; Zhang, Huairong; Li, Tianhua; Cao, Yuting; Hu, Futao; Jiang, Qianli

2016-01-15

A novel multiplexed ratiometric biosensor array was fabricated on a homemade screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) for near-simultaneous detection of microRNA (miRNA)-21 and miRNA-141 based on electrochemiluminescence (ECL) coupled with cyclic voltammetry (CV) method. In the detection system, the ECL signal tags (Ru-SiO2@PLL-Au) were fabricated using poly-l-lysine (PLL) as bridging agent and co-reactant to connect Ru-SiO2 (Ru(bpy)3(2+)-doped silica) and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), which were respectively modified on two spatial resolved working electrodes (WE1 and WE2) of SPCE. Then the ferrocene (Fc)-labeled hairpin DNA (Fc-HDNA1 and Fc-HDNA2) as CV signal tags and ECL quenching material were immobilized on Ru-SiO2@PLL-Au. Upon miRNA-21 and miRNA-141 adding, the target miRNAs could hybridize with corresponding Fc-HDNA, which could lead to Fc away from Ru-SiO2@PLL-Au. Such conformational changes could recover the ECL of Ru-SiO2@PLL-Au and decreased the CV current of Fc, respectively. This "signal-on" of ECL and "signal-off" of CV were employed for dual-signal ratiometric readout. With the help of a multiplexed switch, two dual-signals from WE1 and WE2 were used for multiplexed detection of miRNA-21 and miRNA-141 down to 6.3 and 8.6fM, respectively. This approach was used in real sample analysis and has significant potential for miRNA biomarkers detection in a clinical laboratory setting. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Does an Open Recirculation Line Affect the Flow Rate and Pressure in a Neonatal Extracorporeal Life Support Circuit With a Centrifugal or Roller Pump?

PubMed

Wang, Shigang; Spencer, Shannon B; Woitas, Karl; Glass, Kristen; Kunselman, Allen R; Ündar, Akif

2017-01-01

The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of an open or closed recirculation line on flow rate, circuit pressure, and hemodynamic energy transmission in simulated neonatal extracorporeal life support (ECLS) systems. The two neonatal ECLS circuits consisted of a Maquet HL20 roller pump (RP group) or a RotaFlow centrifugal pump (CP group), Quadrox-iD Pediatric oxygenator, and Biomedicus arterial and venous cannulae (8 Fr and 10 Fr) primed with lactated Ringer's solution and packed red blood cells (hematocrit 35%). Trials were conducted at flow rates ranging from 200 to 600 mL/min (200 mL/min increments) with a closed or open recirculation line at 36°C. Real-time pressure and flow data were recorded using a custom-based data acquisition system. In the RP group, the preoxygenator flow did not change when the recirculation line was open while the prearterial cannula flow decreased by 15.7-20.0% (P < 0.01). Circuit pressure, total circuit pressure drop, and hemodynamic energy delivered to patients also decreased (P < 0.01). In the CP group, the prearterial cannula flow did not change while preoxygenator flow increased by 13.6-18.8% (P < 0.01). Circuit pressure drop and hemodynamic energy transmission remained the same. The results showed that the shunt of an open recirculation line could decrease perfusion flow in patients in the ECLS circuit using a roller pump, but did not change perfusion flow in the circuit using a centrifugal pump. An additional flow sensor is needed to monitor perfusion flow in patients if any shunts exist in the ECLS circuit. © 2016 International Center for Artificial Organs and Transplantation and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Identification of residues of CXCR4 critical for human immunodeficiency virus coreceptor and chemokine receptor activities.

PubMed

Brelot, A; Heveker, N; Montes, M; Alizon, M

2000-08-04

CXCR4 is a G-coupled receptor for the stromal cell-derived factor (SDF-1) chemokine, and a CD4-associated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) coreceptor. These functions were studied in a panel of CXCR4 mutants bearing deletions in the NH(2)-terminal extracellular domain (NT) or substitutions in the NT, the extracellular loops (ECL), or the transmembrane domains (TMs). The coreceptor activity of CXCR4 was markedly impaired by mutations of two Tyr residues in NT (Y7A/Y12A) or at a single Asp residue in ECL2 (D193A), ECL3 (D262A), or TMII (D97N). These acidic residues could engage electrostatical interactions with basic residues of the HIV-1 envelope protein gp120, known to contribute to the selectivity for CXCR4. The ability of CXCR4 mutants to bind SDF-1 and mediate cell signal was consistent with the two-site model of chemokine-receptor interaction. Site I involved in SDF-1 binding but not signaling was located in NT with particular importance of Glu(14) and/or Glu(15) and Tyr(21). Residues required for both SDF-1 binding and signaling, and thus probably part of site II, were identified in ECL2 (Asp(187)), TMII (Asp(97)), and TMVII (Glu(288)). The first residues () of NT also seem required for SDF-1 binding and signaling. A deletion in the third intracellular loop abolished signaling, probably by disrupting the coupling with G proteins. The identification of CXCR4 residues involved in the interaction with both SDF-1 and HIV-1 may account for the signaling activity of gp120 and has implications for the development of antiviral compounds.

Electrochemical luminescence determination of hyperin using a sol-gel@graphene luminescent composite film modified electrode for solid phase microextraction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zou, Xiaojun; Shang, Fang; Wang, Sui

2017-02-01

In this paper, a novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor of sol-gel@graphene luminescent composite film modified electrode for hyperin determination was prepared using graphene (G) as solid-phase microextraction (SPME) material, based on selective preconcentration of target onto an electrode and followed by luminol ECL detection. Hyperin was firstly extracted from aqueous solution through the modified GCE. Hydrogel, electrogenerated chemiluminescence reagents, pH of working solution, extraction time and temperature and scan rate were discussed. Under the optimum conditions, the change of ECL intensity was in proportion to the concentration of hyperin in the range of 0.02-0.24 μg/mL with a detection limit of 0.01 μg/mL. This method showed good performance in stability, reproducibility and precision for the determination of hyperin.

Sonochemical synthesis of Ag nanoclusters: electrogenerated chemiluminescence determination of dopamine.

PubMed

Liu, Tao; Zhang, Lichun; Song, Hongjie; Wang, Zhonghui; Lv, Yi

2013-01-01

We report a facile one-pot sonochemical approach to preparing highly water-soluble Ag nanoclusters (NCs) using bovine serum albumin as a stabilizing agent and reducing agent in aqueous solution. Intensive electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) was observed from the as-prepared Ag (NCs) and successfully applied for the ECL detection of dopamine with high sensitivity and a wide detection range. A possible ECL mechanism is proposed for the preparation of Ag NCs. With this method, the dopamine concentration was determined in the range of 8.3 × 10(-9) to 8.3 × 10(-7) mol/L without the obvious interference of uric acid, ascorbic acid and some other neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, epinephrine and norepinephrine, and the detection limit was 9.2 × 10(-10) mol/L at a signal/noise ratio of 3. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Does Flexible Arterial Tubing Retain More Hemodynamic Energy During Pediatric Pulsatile Extracorporeal Life Support?

PubMed

Wang, Shigang; Kunselman, Allen R; Ündar, Akif

2017-01-01

The objective of this study was to evaluate the hemodynamic performance and energy transmission of flexible arterial tubing as the arterial line in a simulated pediatric pulsatile extracorporeal life support (ECLS) system. The ECLS circuit consisted of a Medos Deltastream DP3 diagonal pump head, Medos Hilite 2400 LT oxygenator, Biomedicus arterial/venous cannula (10 Fr/14 Fr), 3 feet of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) arterial tubing or latex rubber arterial tubing, primed with lactated Ringer's solution and packed red blood cells (hematocrit 40%). Trials were conducted at flow rates of 300 to 1200 mL/min (300 mL/min increments) under nonpulsatile and pulsatile modes at 36°C using either PVC arterial tubing (PVC group) or latex rubber tubing (Latex group). Real-time pressure and flow data were recorded using a custom-based data acquisition system. Mean pressures and energy equivalent pressures (EEP) were the same under nonpulsatile mode between the two groups. Under pulsatile mode, EEPs were significantly great than mean pressure, especially in the Latex group (P < 0.05). There was no difference between the two groups with regards to pressure drops across ECLS circuit, but pulsatile flow created more pressure drops than nonpulsatile flow (P < 0.05). Surplus hemodynamic energy (SHE) levels were always higher in the Latex group than in the PVC group at all sites. Although total hemodynamic energy (THE) losses were higher under pulsatile mode compared to nonpulsatile mode, more THE was delivered to the pseudopatient, particularly in the Latex group (P < 0.05). The results showed that the flexible arterial tubing retained more hemodynamic energy passing through it under pulsatile mode while mean pressures and pressure drops across the ECLS circuit were similar between PVC and latex rubber arterial tubing. Further studies are warranted to verify our findings. © 2016 International Center for Artificial Organs and Transplantation and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The Antemortem Detection and Conformational Switches of Prion Proteins

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-07-01

temperature. After washing 4 times, the signal was detected with the Super Signal West Pico ECL kit (Pierce) and x-ray film (Hyperfilm ECL, GE Healthcare ...object lens and a digital color imaging system (Spot Insight, Diagnostic Instruments, Inc. MI). The needle-like crystals on the surface of the cells...Bordeaux 2, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France. 3ETH Zurich, Physical Chemistry, ETH Honggerberg, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland . *These authors contributed

Integrated Photonic Orbital Angular Momentum Multiplexing and Demultiplexing on Chip

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-10-31

OAM free space coherent communication link testbed. ECL: external cavity laser . EDFA: erbium-doped fiber amplifier. PC: polarization controller. ATT...wave (cw) laser centered at 1540 nm, followed by an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), an I/Q modulator, and another EDFA. The I/Q modulator was...communication link testbed. ECL: external cavity laser . EDFA: erbium-doped fiber amplifier. PC: polarization controller. ATT: attenuator. BPF: bandpass filter

Assessment of uterine cavity size and shape: a systematic review addressing relevance to intrauterine procedures and events.

PubMed

Goldstuck, Norman

2012-09-01

Uterine cavity measurement began with evaluation of post-mortem and surgical specimens. It has been extended in vivo by use of mechanical instruments and visualization techniques. This is a systematic review of the range of values for the uterine cavity and the practical implications of these measurements, Following a review of multiple data bases & a QUORUM analysis. Only articles with clearly defined quantitative measurements were included. Mechanical cavity measurements with a variety of instruments gave a mean endometrial cavity length (ECL) of 33.73 mm (18-22.1) and a mean endometrial cavity width (ECW) of 25.1 mm (17.8-32.2) for nulliparae. The values for multiparae were mean ECL 38.6mm(20.61-40.3) and mean ECW 34.9 mm (23.4-53). Imaging measurements for the uterine cavity by hysterography and ultrasound were mean ECL 44.3 mm (29-64) for multiparae and ECL 37 mm for nulliparae. Mean ECW was 28.2 mm (21-33) for nulliparae and 32.1 mm (26-38) for multiparae. There were wide variations due to parity, ethnicity and gestational states. Accurate measurement of intrauterine parameters is valuable for improving and enhancing many intrauterine procedures including IUD insertion, endometrial ablation, embryo placement in IVF and management of spontaneous and therapeutic abortion.

Amplified electrochemiluminescence detection of DNA based on novel quantum dots signal probe by multiple cycling amplification strategy.

PubMed

Tan, Lu; Ge, Junjun; Jiao, Meng; Jie, Guifen; Niu, Shuyan

2018-06-01

In the present work, we designed a unique enzyme-aided multiple amplification strategy for sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection of DNA by using the amplified gold nanoparticles (GNPS)-polyamidoamine (PAMAM)-CdSe quantum dots (QDs) signal probe. Firstly, the novel GNPS-PAMAM dendrimers nanostructure with good biocompatibility and electroconductibility contains many amino groups, which can load a large number of CdSe QDs to develop amplified ECL signal probe. Then, the presence of target DNA activated the enzyme-assisted polymerization strand-displacement cycling reaction, and a large number of the hairpin template was opened. Subsequently, the opened stem further interacted with the capture hairpin (HP) DNA on the electrode, and the GNPS-PAMAM-CdSe signal probe hybridized with the exposed stem of the HP to trigger the second new polymerization reaction. Meanwhile, the first cycle was generating abundant DNA triggers which could directly open the template. As a result of the cascade amplification technique, a large number of CdSe QDs signal probe could be assembled on the electrode, generating much amplified ECL signal for sensitive detection of target DNA. Thus, this novel QDs-based amplified ECL strategy holds great promise for DNA detection and can be further exploited for sensing applications in clinical diagnostics. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Highly sensitive luminol electrochemiluminescence immunosensor based on ZnO nanoparticles and glucose oxidase decorated graphene for cancer biomarker detection.

PubMed

Cheng, Yinfeng; Yuan, Ruo; Chai, Yaqin; Niu, Huan; Cao, Yaling; Liu, Huijing; Bai, Lijuan; Yuan, Yali

2012-10-01

In this work, we reported a sandwiched luminol electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor using ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and glucose oxidase (GOD) decorated graphene as labels and in situ generated hydrogen peroxide as coreactant. In order to construct the base of the immunosensor, a hybrid architecture of Au nanoparticles and graphene by reduction of HAuCl(4) and graphene oxide (GO) with ascorbic acid was prepared. The resulted hybrid architecture modified electrode provided an excellent platform for immobilization of antibody with good bioactivity and stability. Then, ZnONPs and GOD functionalized graphene labeled secondary antibody was designed for fabricating a novel sandwiched ECL immunosensor. Enhanced sensitivity was obtained by in situ generating hydrogen peroxide with glucose oxidase and the catalysis of ZnONPs to the ECL reaction of luminol-H(2)O(2) system. The as-prepared ECL immunosensor exhibited excellent analytical property for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the range from 10 pg mL(-1) to 80 ng mL(-1) and with a detection limit of 3.3 pg mL(-1) (SN(-1)=3). The amplification strategy performed good promise for clinical application of screening of cancer biomarkers. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Amplified electrochemiluminescence of quantum dots by electrochemically reduced graphene oxide for nanobiosensing of acetylcholine.

PubMed

Deng, Shengyuan; Lei, Jianping; Cheng, Lingxiao; Zhang, Yangyang; Ju, Huangxian

2011-07-15

A signal amplification system for electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of quantum dots (QDs) was developed by using electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) to construct a nanobiosensing platform. Due to the structural defects of GO, the ECL emission of QDs coated on GO modified electrode was significantly quenched. After the electrochemical reduction of GO, the restoration of structural conjugation was observed with spectroscopic, morphologic and impedance techniques. Thus in the presence of dissolved O₂ as coreactant, the QDs/ERGO modified electrode showed ECL intensity increase by 4.2 and 178.9 times as compared with intrinsic QDs and QDs/GO modified electrodes due to the adsorption of dissolved O₂ on ERGO and the facilitated electron transfer. After choline oxidase (ChO) or ChO-acetylcholinesterase was further covalently cross-linked on the QDs/ERGO modified electrode, two ECL biosensors for choline and acetylcholine were fabricated, which showed the linear response ranges and detection limits of 10-210 μM and 8.8 μM for choline, and 10-250 μM and 4.7 μM for acetylcholine, respectively. This green and facile approach to prepare graphene-QDs system could be of potential applications in electronic device and bioanalysis. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Fast Food Consumption and Food Prices: Evidence from Panel Data on 5th and 8th Grade Children

PubMed Central

Khan, Tamkeen; Powell, Lisa M.; Wada, Roy

2012-01-01

Fast food consumption is a dietary factor associated with higher prevalence of childhood obesity in the United States. The association between food prices and consumption of fast food among 5th and 8th graders was examined using individual-level random effects models utilizing consumption data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-99 (ECLS-K), price data from American Chamber of Commerce Researchers Association (ACCRA), and contextual outlet density data from Dun and Bradstreet (D&B). The results found that contextual factors including the price of fast food, median household income, and fast food restaurant outlet densities were significantly associated with fast food consumption patterns among this age group. Overall, a 10% increase in the price of fast food was associated with 5.7% lower frequency of weekly fast food consumption. These results suggest that public health policy pricing instruments such as taxes may be effective in reducing consumption of energy-dense foods and possibly reducing the prevalence of overweight and obesity among US children and young adolescents. PMID:22292115

The moderating effect of self-efficacy on normal-weight, overweight, and obese children's math achievement: a longitudinal analysis.

PubMed

Kranjac, Ashley Wendell

2015-03-01

Increased body weight is associated with decreased cognitive function in school-aged children. The role of self-efficacy in shaping the connection between children's educational achievement and obesity-related comorbidities has not been examined to date. Evidence of the predictive ability of self-efficacy in children is demonstrated in cognitive tasks, including math achievement scores. This study examined the relationship between self-efficacy and math achievement in normal weight, overweight, and obese children. I hypothesized that overweight and obese children with higher self-efficacy will be less affected in math achievement than otherwise comparable children with lower self-efficacy. I tested this prediction with multilevel growth modeling techniques using the ECLS-K 1998-1999 survey data, a nationally representative sample of children. Increased self-efficacy moderates the link between body weight and children's math achievement by buffering the risks that increased weight status poses to children's cognitive function. My findings indicate that self-efficacy moderates math outcomes in overweight, but not obese, children. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

WHO IS PLACED INTO SPECIAL EDUCATION?

PubMed Central

Hibel, Jacob; Farkas, George; Morgan, Paul L.

2015-01-01

We use nationally representative data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-99 (ECLS-K) to identify variables measured in the fall of 1998 (when the sample’s students were in kindergarten) that predict special education placement by the spring of 2004 (when those not retained were finishing fifth grade). Placement’s strongest kindergarten predictor is a student’s own level of academic achievement. Also important is the student’s frequency of classroom task engagement. There is a “frog-pond” contextual effect -- attending an elementary school with high levels of overall student academic ability and behavior increases a student’s likelihood of special education placement. This is the case even after statistically controlling for a wide range of individual-, family-, and school-level characteristics. Social class background displayed a weak or statistically non-significant relation with special education placement. However, girls are placed less frequently than boys. African American, Hispanic, and Asian students are placed less frequently than non-Hispanic whites. The under- or equal-placement rates for racial/ethnic minorities are partially explained by their concentration in high-minority schools. PMID:26005224

Fast food consumption and food prices: evidence from panel data on 5th and 8th grade children.

PubMed

Khan, Tamkeen; Powell, Lisa M; Wada, Roy

2012-01-01

Fast food consumption is a dietary factor associated with higher prevalence of childhood obesity in the United States. The association between food prices and consumption of fast food among 5th and 8th graders was examined using individual-level random effects models utilizing consumption data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-99 (ECLS-K), price data from American Chamber of Commerce Researchers Association (ACCRA), and contextual outlet density data from Dun and Bradstreet (D&B). The results found that contextual factors including the price of fast food, median household income, and fast food restaurant outlet densities were significantly associated with fast food consumption patterns among this age group. Overall, a 10% increase in the price of fast food was associated with 5.7% lower frequency of weekly fast food consumption. These results suggest that public health policy pricing instruments such as taxes may be effective in reducing consumption of energy-dense foods and possibly reducing the prevalence of overweight and obesity among US children and young adolescents.

Who Receives Speech/Language Services by 5 Years of Age in the United States?

PubMed Central

Hammer, Carol Scheffner; Farkas, George; Hillemeier, Marianne M.; Maczuga, Steve; Cook, Michael; Morano, Stephanie

2016-01-01

Purpose We sought to identify factors predictive of or associated with receipt of speech/language services during early childhood. We did so by analyzing data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth Cohort (ECLS-B; Andreassen & Fletcher, 2005), a nationally representative data set maintained by the U.S. Department of Education. We addressed two research questions of particular importance to speech-language pathology practice and policy. First, do early vocabulary delays increase children's likelihood of receiving speech/language services? Second, are minority children systematically less likely to receive these services than otherwise similar White children? Method Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed for a population-based sample of 9,600 children and families participating in the ECLS-B. Results Expressive vocabulary delays by 24 months of age were strongly associated with and predictive of children's receipt of speech/language services at 24, 48, and 60 months of age (adjusted odds ratio range = 4.32–16.60). Black children were less likely to receive speech/language services than otherwise similar White children at 24, 48, and 60 months of age (adjusted odds ratio range = 0.42–0.55). Lower socioeconomic status children and those whose parental primary language was other than English were also less likely to receive services. Being born with very low birth weight also significantly increased children's receipt of services at 24, 48, and 60 months of age. Conclusion Expressive vocabulary delays at 24 months of age increase children’s risk for later speech/language services. Increased use of culturally and linguistically sensitive practices may help racial/ethnic minority children access needed services. PMID:26579989

Trends and Advances in Electrochemiluminescence Nanobiosensors

PubMed Central

Rizwan, Mohammad; Mohd-Naim, Noor Faizah

2018-01-01

The rapid and increasing use of the nanomaterials (NMs), nanostructured materials (NSMs), metal nanoclusters (MNCs) or nanocomposites (NCs) in the development of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) nanobiosensors is a significant area of study for its massive potential in the practical application of nanobiosensor fabrication. Recently, NMs or NSMs (such as AuNPs, AgNPs, Fe3O4, CdS QDs, OMCs, graphene, CNTs and fullerenes) or MNCs (such as Au, Ag, and Pt) or NCs of both metallic and non-metallic origin are being employed for various purposes in the construction of biosensors. In this review, we have selected recently published articles (from 2014–2017) on the current development and prospects of label-free or direct ECL nanobiosensors that incorporate NCs, NMs, NSMs or MNCs. PMID:29315277

Leadless Chip Carrier Packaging and CAD/CAM-Supported Wire Wrap Interconnect Technology for Subnanosecond ECL.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-11-01

Showing Wire . 99 Impregnanted Silicone Rubber Contacts, Chip Carrier, ard Lid 35. Technit Connector For 68-Pad JEDEC Type A Leadless . . 100 Chip Carrier...Points of Various . . . . 124 Solders 4. Composition of Alloys Employed in Dual-In-Line . . . . 128 Package Pins and Plating by Mass Spectrographic...swings, and subnanosecond gate delays and risetimes. Presently, emitter coupled logic (ECL) and current mode logic (CML), both fabricated with silicon tech

International Space Station Environmental Control and Life Support System On-Orbit Station Development Test Objective Status

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, David E.; Lewis, John F.; Gentry, Gregory

2003-01-01

The International Space Station (ISS) Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) system includes regenerative and non-regenerative technologies that provide the basic life support functions to support the crew, while maintaining a safe and habitable shirtsleeve environment. This paper provides a summary of the ECLS System On-Orbit Station Development Test Objective (SDTO) status from the start of assembly until the end of February 2003.

Electrochemiluminescence from Tunicate, Tunichrome--Metal Complexes and Other Biological Samples (Postprint)

DTIC Science & Technology

1996-05-17

terrestrial grass ( Eleusine indica ) was gathered from wooded areas around St Andrew Sound. Several blades of each plant species were crushed with...that live (green) grass (E. indica ) extracts exhibited high solution-phase ECL levels 200 ~ Ill c Cll .. .E .J 0 w c Ill Cll :;: 900 800...Figure 12. Comparison of intrinsic biological ECL from live (green) and dead (brown) terrestrial grass (E. indica ) and liv’ seagrass (T. testudinum

Ultraselective electrochemiluminescence biosensor based on locked nucleic acid modified toehold-mediated strand displacement reaction and junction-probe.

PubMed

Zhang, Xi; Zhang, Jing; Wu, Dongzhi; Liu, Zhijing; Cai, Shuxian; Chen, Mei; Zhao, Yanping; Li, Chunyan; Yang, Huanghao; Chen, Jinghua

2014-12-07

Locked nucleic acid (LNA) is applied in toehold-mediated strand displacement reaction (TMSDR) to develop a junction-probe electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor for single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection in the BRCA1 gene related to breast cancer. More than 65-fold signal difference can be observed with perfectly matched target sequence to single-base mismatched sequence under the same conditions, indicating good selectivity of the ECL biosensor.

A multi-GHz chaotic optoelectronic oscillator based on laser terminal voltage

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chang, C. Y., E-mail: cychang@gatech.edu; UMI 2958 Georgia Tech-CNRS, Georgia Tech Lorraine, 2 Rue Marconi, F-57070 Metz; Choi, Daeyoung

2016-05-09

A multi-GHz chaotic optoelectronic oscillator based on an external cavity semiconductor laser (ECL) is demonstrated. Unlike the standard optoelectronic oscillators for microwave applications, we do not employ the dynamic light output incident on a photodiode to generate the microwave signal, but instead generate the microwave signal directly by measuring the terminal voltage V(t) of the laser diode of the ECL under constant-current operation, thus obviating the photodiode entirely.

Cardiogenic shock induced by a voluminous phaeochromocytoma rescued by concomitant extracorporeal life support and open left adrenalectomy.

PubMed

Dang Van, Simon; Hamy, Antoine; Hubert, Noémie; Fouquet, Olivier

2016-10-01

Phaeochromocytoma is a rare catecholamine-secreting tumour involved in 0.1-0.2% cases of hypertension in the general population. Headache, palpitation and paroxystic sweating are the most commonly described symptoms. A few published cases report an acute adrenergic cardiomyopathy, leading to severe cardiogenic shock requiring mechanical circulatory support. We report the case of a 57-year old patient presenting a voluminous phaeochromocytoma of the left adrenal gland revealed by cardiogenic shock and rescued by peripheral extracorporeal life support device (ECLS). Left surrenalectomy has been performed under protective ECLS during the same surgical procedure. The patient was successfully weaned from ECLS on Day 7 after surgery and myocardial function completely recovered when the patient was discharged from the hospital. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.

Determination of itopride hydrochloride by high-performance liquid chromatography with Ru(bpy)3(2+) electrogenerated chemiluminescence detection.

PubMed

Sun, Yonghua; Zhang, Zhujun; Xi, Zhijun; Shi, Zuolong; Tian, Wei

2009-08-26

In this work, a stable electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) detector was developed. The detector was prepared by packing cation-exchanged resin particles in a glass tube, followed by inserting Pt wires (working electrode) in this tube and sealing. The leakage of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) can be compensated by adding a small amount of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) into solution phase. Coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography separation, the detector has been used for determination of itopride hydrochloride in human serum. Under the optimal conditions, the ECL intensity has a linear relationship with the concentration of itopride hydrochloride in the range of 1.0 x 10(-8) g mL(-1) to 1.0 x 10(-6) g mL(-1) and the detection limit was 3 x 10(-9) g mL(-1) (S/N=3). The as-prepared ECL detector displayed good sensitivity and stability.

International Space Station (ISS) Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) System Overview of Events: 2010-2014

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gentry, Gregory J.; Cover, John

2015-01-01

Nov 2, 2014 marked the completion of the 14th year of continuous human presence in space on board the International Space Station (ISS). After 42 expedition crews, over 115 assembly & utilization flights, over 180 combined Shuttle/Station, US & Russian Extravehicular Activities (EVAs), the post-Assembly-Complete ISS continues to fly and the engineering teams continue to learn from operating its systems, particularly the life support equipment. Problems with initial launch, assembly and activation of ISS elements have given way to more long term system operating trends. New issues have emerged, some with gestation periods measured in years. Major events and challenges for each U.S. Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) subsystem occurring during calendar years 2010 through 2014 are summarily discussed in this paper, along with look-aheads for what might be coming in the future for each U.S. ECLS subsystem.

Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) Integrated Roadmap Development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Metcalf, Jordan L.; Carrasquillo, Robyn; Bagdigian, Bob; Peterson, Laurie

2011-01-01

This white paper documents a roadmap for development of Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) Systems (ECLSS) capabilities required to enable beyond-Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Exploration missions. In many cases, the execution of this Exploration-based roadmap will directly benefit International Space Station (ISS) operational capability by resolving known issues and/or improving overall system reliability. In addition, many of the resulting products will be applicable across multiple Exploration elements such as Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV), Multi-Mission Space Exploration Vehicle (MMSEV), Deep Space Habitat (DSH), and Landers. Within the ECLS community, this white paper will be a unifying tool that will improve coordination of resources, common hardware, and technologies. It will help to align efforts to focus on the highest priority needs that will produce life support systems for future human exploration missions that will simply run in the background, requiring minimal crew interaction.

In situ Visualization of Electrocatalytic Reaction Activity at Quantum Dots for Water Oxidation.

PubMed

Chen, Ying; Fu, Jiaju; Cui, Chen; Jiang, Dechen; Chen, Zixuan; Chen, Hong-Yuan; Zhu, Jun-Jie

2018-06-11

Exploring electrocatalytic reactions on nanomaterial surface can give crucial information for the development of robust catalysts. Here, electrocatalytic reaction activity at single quantum dots (QDs) loaded silica micro-particles involved in water oxidation is visualized using electrochemiluminescence (ECL) microscopy. Under positive potential, the active redox centers at QDs induce the generation of hydroperoxide surface intermediates as coreactant to remarkably enhance ECL emission from luminol derivative for imaging. For the first time, in situ visualization of catalytic activity in water oxidation at QDs catalyst was achieved, supported by a linear relation between ECL intensity and turn over frequency. A very slight diffusion trend attributed to only luminol species proved in situ capture of hydroperoxide surface intermediates at catalytic active sites of QDs. This work provides tremendous potential in on-line imaging of electrocatalytic reaction and visual evaluation of catalyst performance.

Influence of maternal depression on household food insecurity for low-income families.

PubMed

Garg, Arvin; Toy, Sarah; Tripodis, Yorghos; Cook, John; Cordella, Nick

2015-01-01

To examine whether maternal depression predicts future household food insecurity for low-income families. This was a secondary data analysis using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS-B). The study cohort consisted of 2917 low-income mothers, defined as <185% federal poverty level, who were food secure at baseline. Maternal data collected when children were 9 and 24 months of age were used. Data at 9 months were considered baseline, and data at 24 months were considered follow-up. Baseline maternal depressive symptoms were measured by a 12-item abbreviated version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Household food insecurity at follow-up was measured by the US Department of Agriculture Household Food Security Scale. At baseline, 16% of mothers were depressed (raw score >9). Most mothers were white, unemployed, and born in the United States. The majority received Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) (86%); 39% received Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). At follow-up, 11.8% of mothers reported household food insecurity. In multivariable analysis, maternal depression at baseline was significantly associated with food insecurity at follow-up (adjusted odds ratio 1.50; 95% confidence interval 1.06-2.12). Our results suggest that maternal depression is an independent risk factor for household food insecurity in low-income families with young children. Multidisciplinary interventions embedded within and outside the pediatric medical home should be developed to identify depressed mothers and link them to community-based mental health and food resources. Further longitudinal and interventional studies are needed to understand and address the complex relationship between poverty, maternal depression, social safety nets, and food insecurity. Copyright © 2015 Academic Pediatric Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Immigration and the Interplay of Parenting, Preschool Enrollment, and Young Children's Academic Skills

PubMed Central

Ansari, Arya; Crosnoe, Robert

2015-01-01

This study tested a conceptual model of the reciprocal relations among parents’ support for early learning and children's academic skills and preschool enrollment. Structural equation modeling of data from 6,250 children (ages 2-5) and parents in the nationally representative Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (ECLS-B) revealed that parental support for early learning was associated with gains in children's academic skills, which, in turn, were associated with their likelihood of preschool attendance. Preschool experience then was associated with further gains in children's early academic competencies, which were then associated with increased parental support. These patterns varied by parents' nativity status. Specifically, foreign-born parents' support for early learning was directly linked with preschool enrollment and the association between the academic skills of children and parental support was also stronger for foreign-born parents. These immigration-related patterns were primarily driven by immigrant families who originated from Latin America, rather than Asia and did not vary by immigrants’ socioeconomic circumstances. Together, these results underscore the value of considering the synergistic relations between the home and school systems as well as “child effects” and population diversity in developmental research. PMID:25938712

Parents' Depressive Symptoms and Gun, Fire, and Motor Vehicle Safety Practices.

PubMed

Morrissey, Taryn W

2016-04-01

This study examined associations between mothers' and fathers' depressive symptoms and their parenting practices relating to gun, fire, and motor vehicle safety. Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (ECLS-B), a nationally representative sample of children birth to age five, linear probability models were used to examine associations between measures of parents' depressive symptoms and their use of firearms, smoke detectors, and motor vehicle restraints. Parents reported use of smoke detectors, motor vehicle restraints, and firearm ownership and storage. Results suggest mothers with moderate or severe depressive symptoms were 2 % points less likely to report that their child always sat in the back seat of the car, and 3 % points less likely to have at least one working smoke detector in the home. Fathers' depressive symptoms were associated with a lower likelihood of both owning a gun and of it being stored locked. Fathers' depressive symptoms amplified associations between mothers' depressive symptoms and owning a gun, such that having both parents exhibit depressive symptoms was associated with an increased likelihood of gun ownership of between 2 and 6 % points. Interventions that identify and treat parental depression early may be effective in promoting appropriate safety behaviors among families with young children.

KCC isoforms in a human lens epithelial cell line (B3) and lens tissue extracts.

PubMed

Misri, Sandeep; Chimote, Ameet A; Adragna, Norma C; Warwar, Ronald; Brown, Thomas L; Lauf, Peter K

2006-11-01

We recently reported potassium-chloride cotransporter activity in human lens epithelial B3 (HLE-B3) cells. The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate in these cells as well as in human lens tissue the potassium-chloride cotransport (KCC) isoforms by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. Of the four KCC genes known to encode the respective proteins and their spliced variants, RT-PCR with both rat and human primers revealed the predicted cDNA fragments of KCC1, KCC3a, KCC3b, and KCC4 but not KCC2 in both HLE-B3 cells and in human lens tissue extracts from cataractous patients. Polyclonal rabbit (rb) anti-rat (rt) and anti-human (hm) antibodies against rtKCC1 and hmKCC3, respectively, and a commercially available rb-anti-mouse (ms) KCC4 antibody were used. Rb anti-rtKCC1-ECL3 [against epitopes within the large extracellular loop 3 (ECL3)] revealed a 150kDa band in HLE-B3 cells consistent with the known molecular weight of KCC1. Rb anti-hmKCC3-ECL3 yielded three bands of 150, 122 and 105kDa, evidence for the presence of KCC3a, KCC3b and possibly KCC3c isoforms. The 122 and 112kDa bands were also demonstrated by rb anti-hmKCC3-CTD [the C-terminal domain (CTD)]. Rb anti-msKCC4 antibody only showed a 100kDa band in HLE-B3 cells. In the human lens tissues, a 115kDa protein was detected with rb anti-rtKCC1-ECL3 and a 100kDa band with rb anti-msKCC4, however, no bands with rb anti-hmKCC3-ECL3 or rb anti-hmKCC3-CTD. Fluorescence microscopy revealed immunocytochemical cytoplasmic and membrane labeling of HLE-B3 cells with anti-KCC1, -KCC3 (laser confocal microscopy) and -KCC4 antibodies and a Cy3-tagged secondary antibody. Hence HLE-B3 cells expressed proteins of the KCC1, KCC3a, b, and KCC4 isoforms, whereas surgically removed cataractous lens tissue expressed only those of KCC1 and KCC4.

An ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescent immunosensor based on graphene oxide coupled graphite-like carbon nitride and multiwalled carbon nanotubes-gold for the detection of diclofenac.

PubMed

Hu, Liuyi; Zheng, Jing; Zhao, Kang; Deng, Anping; Li, Jianguo

2018-03-15

In this study, a novel competition-type electrochemiluminescent (ECL) immunosensor for detecting diclofenac (DCF) was fabricated with graphene oxide coupled graphite-like carbon nitride (GO-g-C 3 N 4 ) as signal probe for the first time. The ECL intensity of carboxylated g-C 3 N 4 was significantly enhanced after being combined with graphene oxide (GO) which exhibited excellent charge-transport property. The sensing platform was constructed by multiwalled carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles (MWCNTs-AuNPs), which not only provided an effective matrix for immobilizing a large amount of coating antigen but also facilitated the electronic transmission rate to enhance the ECL intensity. Based on the synergistic effect of GO-g-C 3 N 4 and MWCNTs-AuNPs composite, the proposed sensor showed high sensitivity, good stability, and wide linearity for the detection of DCF in the range of 0.005-1000ngmL -1 with a detection limit of 1.7pgmL -1 . Furthermore, the developed immunoassay has been applied to real samples with satisfactory results. Therefore, this work provided a promising method for the detection of DCF and other small molecular compounds in the future. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Parsons, Brian; Cochran, Jaquelin; Watson, Andrea

As a recognized leader in efforts to mitigate global climate change, the Government of Mexico (GOM) works proactively to reduce emissions, demonstrating strong political will and capacity to comprehensively address climate change. Since 2010, the U.S. government (USG) has supported these efforts by partnering with Mexico under the Enhancing Capacity for Low Emission Development Strategies (EC-LEDS) program. Through the program, the USG has partnered with Mexico’s Ministry of Energy (SENER), as well as other government agencies, to support GOM in reaching its clean energy and climate change goals. Specifically, the EC-LEDS program is supporting GOM’s clean energy goal of generatingmore » 35% of its electricity from renewable energy (RE) by 2024. EC-LEDS, through the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and the U.S Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), has been collaborating with SENER and GOM interagency working group—the Consejo Consultivo para las Energías Renovables (Consultative Council on Renewable Energy)—to create a grid integration roadmap for variable RE. 1 A key objective in creating a grid integration roadmap is assessing likely impacts of wind and solar energy on the power system and modifying planning and operations accordingly. This paper applies best practices in conducting a grid integration study to the Mexican context.« less

Development of a reagentless electrochemiluminescent electrode for flow injection analysis using copolymerised luminol/aniline on nano-TiO2 functionalised indium-tin oxide glass.

PubMed

Liu, Chao; Wei, Xiuhua; Tu, Yifeng

2013-07-15

In this study, a nano-structured copolymer of luminol/aniline (PLA) was deposited onto nano-TiO2-functionalised indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass by electrochemical polymerisation using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The resulting reagentless electrochemiluminescent (ECL) electrode (ECLode) can be used for flow injection analysis (FIA). The properties of the ECLode were characterised by CV, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The ECLode has high background ECL emission as well as excellent stability and reproducibility, and yielding sensitive response towards target analytes. The ECL emissions of the ECLode were 50 times higher than PLA/ITO, and 500 times higher than polyluminol (PL)/ITO. The ECLode showed sensitive responses to reactive oxygen species (ROSs), permitting its application for determination of antioxidants by quenching. Under optimised conditions, an absolute detection limit of 69.9 pg was obtained for resveratrol, comparable to the highest levels of sensitivity achieved by other methods. Thus, the gross antioxidant content of red wine was determined, with satisfactory recoveries between 87.6% and 108.3%. These results suggest a bright future for the use of the ECLode for single-channel FIA due to its high sensitivity, accuracy and reproducibility. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Electrochemistry and electrogenerated chemiluminescence of dithienylbenzothiadiazole derivative. Differential reactivity of donor and acceptor groups and simulations of radical cation-anion and dication-radical anion annihilations.

PubMed

Shen, Mei; Rodríguez-López, Joaquín; Huang, Ju; Liu, Quan; Zhu, Xu-Hui; Bard, Allen J

2010-09-29

We report here the electrochemistry and electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) of a red-emitting dithienylbenzothiadiazole-based molecular fluorophore (4,7-bis(4-(4-sec-butoxyphenyl)-5-(3,5-di(1-naphthyl)phenyl)thiophen-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, 1b). 1b contains two substituted thiophene groups as strong electron donors at the ends connected directly to a strong electron acceptor, 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, in the center. Each thiophene moiety is substituted in position 2 by 3,5-di(1-naphthyl)phenyl and in position 3 by 4-sec-butoxyphenyl. Cyclic voltammetry of 1b, with scan rate ranging from 0.05 to 0.75 V/s, shows a single one-electron reduction wave (E°(red) = -1.18 V vs SCE) and two nernstian one-electron oxidation waves (E°(1,ox) = 1.01 V, E°(2,ox) = 1.24 V vs SCE). Reduction of the unsubstituted 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole center shows nernstian behavior with E°(red) = -1.56 V vs SCE. By comparison to a digital simulation, the heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant for reduction, k(r)° = 1.5 × 10(-3) cm/s, is significantly smaller than those for the oxidations, k(o)° > 0.1 cm/s, possibly indicating that the two substituted end groups have a blocking effect on the reduction of the benzothiadiazole center. The ECL spectrum, produced by electron-transfer annihilation of the reduced and oxidized forms, consists of a single peak with maximum emission at about 635 nm, consistent with the fluorescence of the parent molecule. Relative ECL intensities with respect to 9,10-diphenylanthracene are 330% and 470% for the radical anion-cation and radical anion-dication annihilation, respectively. Radical anion (A(-•))-cation (A(+•)) annihilation produced by potential steps shows symmetric ECL transients during anodic and cathodic pulses, while for anion (A(-•))-dication (A(2+•)) annihilation, transient ECL shows asymmetry in which the anodic pulse is narrower than the cathodic pulse. Digital simulation of the transient ECL experiments showed that the origin of the observed asymmetry is asymmetry in the amount of generated charges rather than instability of the electrogenerated species.

EPA Environmental Chemistry Laboratory

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

The Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Chemistry Laboratory (ECL) is a national program laboratory specializing in residue chemistry analysis under the jurisdiction of the EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs in Washington, D.C. At Stennis Space Center, the laboratory's work supports many federal anti-pollution laws. The laboratory analyzes environmental and human samples to determine the presence and amount of agricultural chemicals and related substances. Pictured, ECL chemists analyze environmental and human samples for the presence of pesticides and other pollutants.

A novel signal-off electrochemiluminescence biosensor for the determination of glucose based on double nanoparticles.

PubMed

Liu, Linlin; Ma, Qiang; Li, Yang; Liu, ZiPing; Su, Xingguang

2015-01-15

In this work, a novel facile signal-off electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor has been developed for the determination of glucose based on the integration of chitosan (CHIT), CdTe quantum dots (CdTe QDs) and Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Chitosan displays high water permeability, hydrophilic property, strong hydrogel ability and good adhesion to load the double nanoparticles to the glassy carbon electrode surfaces. Au NPs are efficient glucose oxidase (GOx)-mimickess to catalytically oxidize glucose, similar to the natural process. Upon the addition of glucose, the Au NPs catalyzed glucose to produce gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) based on the consumption of dissolved oxygen (O2), which resulted in a quenching effect on the ECL emission. Therefore, the determination of glucose could be achieved by monitoring the signal-off ECL biosensor. Under the optimum conditions, the ECL intensity of CdTe QDs and the concentration of glucose have a good linear relationship in the range of 0.01-10 mmol L(-1). The limit of detection for glucose was 5.28 μmol L(-1) (S/N=3). The biosensor showed good sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility and stability. The proposed biosensor has been employed for the detection of glucose in human serum samples with satisfactory results. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ultrasensitive competitive method-based electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for diethylstilbestrol detection based on Ru(bpy)32+ as luminophor encapsulated in metal-organic frameworks UiO-67.

PubMed

Dong, Xue; Zhao, Guanhui; Liu, Li; Li, Xuan; Wei, Qin; Cao, Wei

2018-07-01

In this work, Ru(bpy) 3 2+ encapsulated in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) UiO-67 (Ru(bpy) 3 2+ /UiO-67) as luminophor was easily prepared and firstly applied in constructing an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor to efficiently estimate diethylstilbestrol (DES). The competitive method-based ECL immunosensor platform was fabricated by amino-silicon dioxide which possesses large surface area. The poriness of UiO-67 was splendid so that Ru(bpy) 3 2+ could be easily encapsulated. Ru(bpy) 3 2+ /UiO-67 with excellent ECL luminescence signal existed large specific surface area for easily labeled with antibodies. DES competed with bovine serum albumin-diethylstilbestrol (BSA-DES) for binding to antibody-specific sites in the constructed immunosensor. However DES was micromolecule, which was easier to bond to antibodies than BSA-DES. The ECL signal was gradually decreases with the increase of the concentration of DES. Under optimal conditions, the proposed immunosensor exhibited a wide linear range from 0.01 pg mL -1 to 50 ng mL -1 with a low detetion limit of 3.27 fg mL -1 (S/N = 3). The novel fabricated immunosensor with interference immunity and high stability may cause an attractive approach for the other targets determination. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Reduced graphene oxide decorated with gold nanoparticle as signal amplification element on ultra-sensitive electrochemiluminescence determination of caspase-3 activity and apoptosis using peptide based biosensor

PubMed Central

Khalilzadeh, Balal; Shadjou, Nasrin; Afsharan, Hadi; Eskandani, Morteza; Nozad Charoudeh, Hojjatollah; Rashidi, Mohammad-Reza

2016-01-01

Introduction:Growing demands for ultrasensitive biosensing have led to the development of numerous signal amplification strategies. In this report, a novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) method was developed for the detection and determination of caspase-3 activity based on reduced graphene oxide sheets decorated by gold nanoparticles as signal amplification element and horseradish peroxidase enzyme (HRP) as ECL intensity enhancing agent. Methods: The ECL intensity of the luminol was improved by using the streptavidin coated magnetic beads and HRP in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The cleavage behavior of caspase-3 was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques using biotinylated peptide (DEVD containing peptide) which was coated on reduced graphene oxide decorated with gold nanoparticle. The surface modification of graphene oxide was successfully confirmed by FTIR, UV-vis and x-ray spectroscopy. Results: ECL based biosensor showed that the linear dynamic range (LDR) and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) were 0.5-100 and 0.5 femtomolar (fM), respectively. Finally, the performance of the engineered peptide based biosensor was validated in the A549 cell line as real samples. Conclusion: The prepared peptide based biosensor could be considered as an excellent candidate for early detection of apoptosis, cell turnover, and cancer related diseases. PMID:27853677

Electrochemiluminescent pH sensor measured by the emission potential of TiO2 nanocrystals and its biosensing application.

PubMed

Liu, Xuan; Wang, Nianyue; Zhao, Wei; Jiang, Hui

2015-02-01

This work reports for the first time a potential-based nano-electrochemiluminescent (ECL) pH sensor, using anatase TiO2 nanocrystals (NCs) as the ECL probe. The first ECL peak potential of the TiO2 NCs shifted negatively with increasing pH, showing a linear range from -0.47 V (vs Ag/AgCl) at pH 3 to -1.06 V at pH 10. This phenomenon was attributed to the absorption of 'potential-determining ions' of OH(-) on the surface of TiO2 NCs, leading to larger impedance of the electron injection. Other common 'potential-determining ions', such as phosphate, induced a slight potential shift of 0.03 V at a concentration of 0.1 M. Using urease as an enzyme model, a urea biosensor was developed by the simultaneous modification of urease and TiO2 NCs on indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. The biosensor, measured on the basis of the pH increase caused by the enzyme catalysis reaction, had a linear range of 0.01-2.0 mM, with a potential shift of 0.175 V. The as-prepared pH sensor, which has simple construction procedures and acceptable sensitivity and selectivity, may provide new avenues for the construction of ECL bioanalytical methodologies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A novel, sensitive and label-free loop-mediated isothermal amplification detection method for nucleic acids using luminophore dyes.

PubMed

Roy, Sharmili; Wei, Sim Xiao; Ying, Jean Liew Zhi; Safavieh, Mohammadali; Ahmed, Minhaz Uddin

2016-12-15

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) has been widely rendered for nucleic acid testing. Here, we integrate loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with ECL technique for DNA detection and quantification. The target LAMP DNA bound electrostatically with [Ru(bpy)3](+2) on the carbon electrode surface, and an ECL reaction was triggered by tripropylamine (TPrA) to yield luminescence. We illustrated this method as a new and highly sensitive strategy for the detection of sequence-specific DNA from different meat species at picogram levels. The proposed strategy renders the signal amplification capacities of TPrA and combines LAMP with inherently high sensitivity of the ECL technique, to facilitate the detection of low quantities of DNA. By leveraging this technique, target DNA of Sus scrofa (pork) meat was detected as low as 1pg/µL (3.43×10(-1)copies/µL). In addition, the proposed technique was applied for detection of Bacillus subtilis DNA samples and detection limit of 10pg/µL (2.2×10(3)copies/µL) was achieved. The advantages of being isothermal, sensitive and robust with ability for multiplex detection of bio-analytes makes this method a facile and appealing sensing modality in hand-held devices to be used at the point-of-care (POC). Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Acculturation and weight change in Asian-American children: Evidence from the ECLS-K:2011.

PubMed

Diep, Cassandra S; Baranowski, Tom; Kimbro, Rachel T

2017-06-01

Despite relatively low rates of overweight and obesity among Asian-American children, disparities exist based on acculturation, socioeconomic status, and Asian ethnicity. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between acculturation and weight change in Asian-American children. Secondary aims were to compare changes by Asian ethnic group and acculturation x socioeconomic status. Participants included 1200 Asian-American children from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010-11, a longitudinal study of U.S. children attending kindergarten in 2010-2011. Multinomial logistic regressions were conducted to predict weight change based on body mass indices in kindergarten (spring 2011) and second grade (spring 2013): consistently healthy weight, consistently overweight/obese, healthy weight change, and unhealthy weight change. Models included demographic, household, socioeconomic status, and acculturation measures, specifically mother's English proficiency and percentage of life spent in the U.S. Overall, 72.3% of children were at healthy weights in kindergarten and second grade. Of all Asian ethnic groups, Filipino children had the highest rate of being consistently overweight/obese (24.8%) and the lowest rate of being consistently healthy weight (62.9%). In addition, mother's English proficiency predicted unhealthy weight change (OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.75-0.92) and healthy weight change (OR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.65-0.86), relative to "consistently healthy weight." English proficiency also predicted being consistently overweight/obese for children with less educated mothers. Findings enhance our understanding of obesity disparities within Asian Americans and highlight the need to disaggregate the population. Obesity interventions are needed for Filipino children and families with low socioeconomic status but high English proficiency. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Comments on the MIT Assessment of the Mars One Plan

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, Harry W.

2015-01-01

The MIT assessment of the Mars One mission plan reveals design assumptions that would cause significant difficulties. Growing crops in the crew chamber produces excessive oxygen levels. The assumed in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) equipment has too low a Technology Readiness Level (TRL). The required spare parts cause a large and increasing launch mass logistics burden. The assumed International Space Station (ISS) Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) technologies were developed for microgravity and therefore are not suitable for Mars gravity. Growing food requires more mass than sending food from Earth. The large number of spares is due to the relatively low reliability of ECLS and the low TRL of ISRU. The Mars One habitat design is similar to past concepts but does not incorporate current knowledge. The MIT architecture analysis tool for long-term settlements on the Martian surface includes an ECLS system simulation, an ISRU sizing model, and an analysis of required spares. The MIT tool showed the need for separate crop and crew chambers, the large spare parts logistics, that crops require more mass than Earth food, and that more spares are needed if reliability is lower. That ISRU has low TRL and ISS ECLS was designed for microgravity are well known. Interestingly, the results produced by the architecture analysis tool - separate crop chamber, large spares mass, large crop chamber mass, and low reliability requiring more spares - were also well known. A common approach to ECLS architecture analysis is to build a complex model that is intended to be all-inclusive and is hoped will help solve all design problems. Such models can struggle to replicate obvious and well-known results and are often unable to answer unanticipated new questions. A better approach would be to survey the literature for background knowledge and then directly analyze the important problems.

Modeling biosorption of Cr(VI) onto Ulva compressa L. from aqueous solutions.

PubMed

Aid, Asma; Amokrane, Samira; Nibou, Djamel; Mekatel, Elhadj; Trari, Mohamed; Hulea, Vasile

2018-01-01

The marine biomass Ulva compressa L. (ECL) was used as a low-cost biosorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) from contaminated aqueous solutions. The operating variables were optimized: pH ∼ 2, initial concentration of 25 mg/L, solid/liquid ratio of 6 g/L and a temperature of 50 °C, leading to an uptake elimination of 96%. A full factorial experimental design technique enabled us to obtain a mathematical model describing the Cr(VI) biosorption and to study the main effects and interactions among operational parameters. The equilibrium isotherm was analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) models; it has been found that the adsorption process follows well the Langmuir model. Kinetic studies showed that the pseudo-second order model describes suitably the experimental data. The thermodynamic parameters indicated an endothermic heat and a spontaneity of the Cr(VI) biosorption onto ECL.

Space station ECLSS integration analysis: Simplified General Cluster Systems Model, ECLS System Assessment Program enhancements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ferguson, R. E.

1985-01-01

The data base verification of the ECLS Systems Assessment Program (ESAP) was documented and changes made to enhance the flexibility of the water recovery subsystem simulations are given. All changes which were made to the data base values are described and the software enhancements performed. The refined model documented herein constitutes the submittal of the General Cluster Systems Model. A source listing of the current version of ESAP is provided in Appendix A.

Methodology and Assumptions of Contingency Shuttle Crew Support (CSCS) Calculations Using ISS Environmental Control and Life Support Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Prokhorov, Kimberlee; Shkedi, Brienne

2006-01-01

The current International Space Station (ISS) Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) system is designed to support an ISS crew size of three people. The capability to expand that system to support nine crew members during a Contingency Shuttle Crew Support (CSCS) scenario has been evaluated. This paper describes how the ISS ECLS systems may be operated for supporting CSCS, and the durations expected for the oxygen supply and carbon dioxide control subsystems.

Standardizing Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Graft Preparation Method in the Eye Bank-Experience of 527 Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Tissues.

PubMed

Parekh, Mohit; Baruzzo, Mattia; Favaro, Elisa; Borroni, Davide; Ferrari, Stefano; Ponzin, Diego; Ruzza, Alessandro

2017-12-01

To share the experience and provide a standardized protocol for Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) graft preparation. A retrospective study based on 527 prestripped DMEK tissues that were prepared between 2014 and 2017. The experience of using different instruments and techniques has been described, and a standardized technique for preparing DMEK grafts has been identified. The tissues in general were prepared by superficially tapping the endothelial side with a Moria trephine (9.5 mm diameter). The plane of cleavage was identified using a cleavage hook, and the DMEK graft was deadhered from the trephined site throughout the circumference for ease of excising the graft. The DMEK graft was peeled using either one or multiple quadrant methods depending on the challenges faced during excision. The graft was finally marked with the letter "F" to identify the orientation during surgery. Data on endothelial cell loss (ECL) and challenging cases were observed, monitored, and recorded during this period. Less than 1 percent trypan blue-positive cells with tissue wastage of <6% was observed during the study period. Our standardized stripping technique has resulted in an overall ECL of 4.6%. Marking Descemet membrane showed 0.5% cell mortality. Standardizing DMEK technique using specific tools and simple techniques would help new surgeons to decide the instruments and improve their tissue preparation skills also in challenging cases such as previous cataract incisions or horseshoe-shaped tears, further reducing ECL or tissue wastage.

Characterization of a C3a receptor in rainbow trout and Xenopus: the first identification of C3a receptors in nonmammalian species

USGS Publications Warehouse

Boshra, Hani; Wang, Tiehui; Hove-Madsen, Leif; Hansen, John D.; Li, Jun; Matlapudi, Anjun; Secombes, Christopher J.; Tort, Lluis; Sunyer, J. Oriol

2005-01-01

Virtually nothing is known about the structure, function, and evolutionary origins of the C3aR in nonmammalian species. Because C3aR and C5aR are thought to have arisen from the same common ancestor, the recent characterization of a C5aR in teleost fish implied the presence of a C3aR in this animal group. In this study we report the cloning of a trout cDNA encoding a 364-aa molecule (TC3aR) that shows a high degree of sequence homology and a strong phylogenetic relationship with mammalian C3aRs. Northern blotting demonstrated that TC3aR was expressed primarily in blood leukocytes. Flow cytometric analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy showed that Abs raised against TC3aR stained to a high degree all blood B lymphocytes and, to a lesser extent, all granulocytes. More importantly, these Abs inhibited trout C3a-mediated intracellular calcium mobilization in trout leukocytes. A fascinating structural feature of TC3aR is the lack of a significant portion of the second extracellular loop (ECL2). In all C3aR molecules characterized to date, the ECL2 is exceptionally large when compared with the same region of C5aR. However, the exact function of the extra portion of ECL2 is unknown. The lack of this segment in TC3aR suggests that the extra piece of ECL2 was not necessary for the interaction of the ancestral C3aR with its ligand. Our findings represent the first C3aR characterized in nonmammalian species and support the hypothesis that if C3aR and C5aR diverged from a common ancestor, this event occurred before the emergence of teleost fish.

Novel electrochemiluminescence of silver nanoclusters fabricated on triplex DNA scaffolds for label-free detection of biothiols.

PubMed

Feng, Lingyan; Wu, Li; Xing, Feifei; Hu, Lianzhe; Ren, Jinsong; Qu, Xiaogang

2017-12-15

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of metal nanoclusters and their application have been widely reported due to the good biocompatibility, fascinating electrocatalytic activity and so on. Using DNA as synthesis template opens new opportunities to modulate the physical properties of AgNCs. Triplex DNA has been reported for the site-specific, homogeneous and highly stable silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) fabrication from our recent research. Here we further explore their extraordinary ECL properties and applications in biosensor utilization. By reasonable design of DNA sequence, AgNCs were obtained in the predefined position of CG.C + sites of triplex DNA, and the ECL emission at a low potential was observed with this novel DNA template. Finally, a simple and label-free method was developed for biothiols detection based on the enhanced catalytic reaction and a robust interaction between the triplex-AgNCs and cysteine, by influencing the microenvironment provided by DNA template. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Life support system definition for a low cost shuttle launched space station.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nelson, W. G.; Cody, J.

1972-01-01

Discussion of the tradeoffs and EC/LS definition for a low cost shuttle launched space station to be launched in the late 1970s for use as a long-term manned scientific laboratory. The space station consists of 14-ft-diam modules, clustered together to support a six-man crew at the initial space station (ISS) level and a 12-man crew at the growth space station (GSS) level. Key design guidelines specify low initial cost and low total program cost and require two separate pressurized habitable compartments with independent lift support capability. The methodology used to select the EC/LS design consisted of systematically reducing quantitative parameters to a common denominator of cost. This approach eliminates many of the inconsistencies that can occur in such decision making. The EC/LS system selected is a partially closed system which recovers urine, condensate, and wash water and concentrates crew expired CO2 for use in a low thrust resistojet propulsion system.

Electrochemiluminescence detection of NADH and ethanol based on partial sulfonation of sol-gel network with gold nanoparticles.

PubMed

Deng, Liu; Zhang, Lihua; Shang, Li; Guo, Shaojun; Wen, Dan; Wang, Fuan; Dong, Shaojun

2009-03-15

We developed a stable, sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor based on the synthesis of a new sol-gel material with the ion-exchange capacity sol-gel to coimmobilize the Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) and enzyme. The partial sulfonated (3-mercaptopropyl)-trimethoxysilane sol-gel (PSSG) film acted as both an ion exchanger for the immobilization of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) and a matrix to immobilize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The AuNPs/PSSG/Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) film modified electrode allowed sensitive the ECL detection of NADH as low as 1 nM. Such an ability of AuNPs/PSSG/Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) film to promote the electron transfer between Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) and the electrode suggested a new, promising biocompatible platform for the development of dehydrogenase-based ECL biosensors. With alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) as a model, we then constructed an ethanol biosensor, which had a linear range of 5 microM to 5.2 mM with a detection limit of 12nM.

Children's Elicitation of Changes in Parenting during the Early Childhood Years.

PubMed

Ansari, Arya; Crosnoe, Robert

Using a subsample of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (ECLS-B; n = 1,550), this study identified parents who engaged in more developmentally problematic parenting-in the form of low investment, above average television watching, and use of spanking-when their children were very young ( M = 24.41 months, SD = 1.23) but changed their parenting in more positive directions over time. Latent profile analysis and other techniques revealed that parents who demonstrated less optimal parenting behaviors when their children were 2 years old were more likely to be African American, from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, and experiencing greater depressive symptoms. Approximately half of such parents, however, made positive changes in their parenting practices, with 5% in the profile characterized by high investment and low use of spanking by the time that their children were in elementary school. These positive changes in parenting behavior were more likely to occur among parents whose children were already demonstrating early reading skills and less problem behavior. These potential "child effects", suggesting that children elicited improvements in parenting, were more pronounced among higher income families but did not vary according to parents' educational attainment. Findings from this study have important implications for intervention programs, suggesting that children's academic and behavioral skills can be leveraged as one means of facilitating positive parenting.

Household food insecurity during childhood and adolescent misconduct.

PubMed

Jackson, Dylan B; Vaughn, Michael G

2017-03-01

A large body of research has found that household food insecurity can interfere with the healthy development of children. The link between household food insecurity during childhood and misbehaviors during adolescence, however, is not commonly explored. The objective of the current study is to assess whether household food insecurity across childhood predicts four different forms of misconduct during early adolescence. Data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-1999 (ECLS-K), a nationally representative sample of U.S. children, were employed in the present study. Associations between household food insecurity during childhood and adolescent misconduct were examined using Logistic and Negative Binomial Regression. Analyses were performed separately for males and females. The results revealed that household food insecurity and food insecurity persistence were predictive of most forms of misconduct for males, and were consistently predictive of engagement in multiple forms of misconduct and a greater variety of forms of misconduct for males. For females, however, household food insecurity generally failed to predict adolescent misconduct. The behavioral development of males during adolescence appears to be sensitive to the presence and persistence of household food insecurity during childhood. Future research should seek to replicate and extend the present findings to late adolescence and adulthood. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Young Children’s Developmental Ecologies and Kindergarten Readiness

PubMed Central

Mollborn, Stefanie

2016-01-01

Children enter the crucial transition to school with sociodemographic disparities firmly established. Domain-specific research (e.g., on poverty and family structure) has shed light on these disparities, but we need broader operationalizations of children’s environments to explain them. Building on existing theory, this study articulates the concept of developmental ecology—those interrelated features of a child’s proximal environment that shape development and health. Developmental ecology links structural and demographic factors with interactional, psychological, and genetic factors. Using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS-B), this study conducts latent class analyses to identify how 41 factors from three domains—namely, household resources, health risks, and ecological changes—cluster within children as four overarching developmental ecologies. Because it documents how numerous factors co-occur within children, this method allows an approximation of their lived environments. Findings illuminate powerful relationships between race/ethnicity, parental age, socioeconomic background, and nativity and a child’s developmental ecology, as well as associations between developmental ecology and kindergarten cognition, behavior, and health. Developmental ecology represents a major pathway through which demographic characteristics shape school readiness. Because specific factors have different implications depending on the ecologies in which they are embedded, findings support the usefulness of a broad ecological approach. PMID:27873222

Enhanced electrochemiluminescence sensor from tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) incorporated into MCM-41 and an ionic liquid-based carbon paste electrode.

PubMed

Li, Jing; Huang, Minghua; Liu, Xiaoqing; Wei, Hui; Xu, Yuanhong; Xu, Guobao; Wang, Erkang

2007-07-01

The electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) [Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)] ion-exchanged in the sulfonic-functionalized MCM-41 silicas was developed with tripropylamine (TPrA) as a co-reactant in a carbon paste electrode (CPE) using a room temperature ionic liquid (IL) as a binder. The sulfonic-functionalized silicas MCM-41 were used for preparing an ECL sensor by the electrostatic interactions between Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) cations and sulfonic acid groups. We used the IL as a binder to construct the CPE (IL-CPE) to replace the traditional binder of the CPE (T-CPE)--silicone oil. The results indicated that the MCM-41-modified IL-CPE had more open structures to allow faster diffusion of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) and that the ionic liquid also acted as a conducting bridge to connect TPrA with Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) sites immobilized in the electrode, resulting in a higher ECL intensity compared with the MCM-41-modified T-CPE. Herein, the detection limit for TPrA of the MCM-41-modified IL-CPE was 7.2 nM, which was two orders of magnitude lower than that observed at the T-CPE. When this new sensor was used in flow injection analysis (FIA), the MCM-41-modified IL-CPE ECL sensor also showed good reproducibility. Furthermore, the sensor could also be renewed easily by mechanical polishing whenever needed.

Analysis of genetic stability at SSR loci during somatic embryogenesis in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster).

PubMed

Marum, Liliana; Rocheta, Margarida; Maroco, João; Oliveira, M Margarida; Miguel, Célia

2009-04-01

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a propagation tool of particular interest for accelerating the deployment of new high-performance planting stock in multivarietal forestry. However, genetic conformity in in vitro propagated plants should be assessed as early as possible, especially in long-living trees such as conifers. The main objective of this work was to study such conformity based on genetic stability at simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci during somatic embryogenesis in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.). Embryogenic cell lines (ECLs) subjected to tissue proliferation during 6, 14 or 22 months, as well as emblings regenerated from several ECLs, were analyzed. Genetic variation at seven SSR loci was detected in ECLs under proliferation conditions for all time points, and in 5 out of 52 emblings recovered from somatic embryos. Three of these five emblings showed an abnormal phenotype consisting mainly of plagiotropism and loss of apical dominance. Despite the variation found in somatic embryogenesis-derived plant material, no correlation was established between genetic stability at the analyzed loci and abnormal embling phenotype, present in 64% of the emblings. The use of microsatellites in this work was efficient for monitoring mutation events during the somatic embryogenesis in P. pinaster. These molecular markers should be useful in the implementation of new breeding and deployment strategies for improved trees using SE.

International Space Station Environmental Control and Life Support System: Verification for the Pressurized Mating Adapters

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, David E.

2007-01-01

The International Space Station (ISS) Pressurized Mating Adapters (PMAs) Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) System is comprised of three subsystems: Atmosphere Control and Supply (ACS), Temperature and Humidity Control (THC), and Water Recovery and Management (WRM). PMA 1 and PMA 2 flew to ISS on Flight 2A and PMA 3 flew to ISS on Flight 3A. This paper provides a summary of the PMAs ECLS design and the detailed Element Verification methodologies utilized during the Qualification phase for the PMAs.

Poverty Dynamics and Academic Trajectories of Children of Immigrants

PubMed Central

Zhang, Liwei

2017-01-01

Using Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998–1999 (ECLS-K), we investigated the relationship between poverty and academic trajectories for children in immigrant families in the United States. We used family socioeconomic status (SES) which considers parental education, parental occupation, and family income to define poverty in correspondence with the U.S. federal poverty threshold. Three dimensions of poverty were examined including depth (i.e., not-poor, near-poor, poor or extreme poor), stability (i.e., continuously or intermittently), and duration (i.e., for how many times in poverty). Our results indicated that living in poverty, particularly when it was extreme, volatile, and for long spell could compromise children’s reading and math achievements during the first nine schooling years. Children of immigrants were doing as well as, if not better than, children of native-borns in certain areas (i.e., math) or in facing of certain pattern of poverty (i.e., long-spell). However, deep poverty and volatile changes in family SES could compromise academic achievements for children of immigrants throughout their first nine years of schooling, a period holds important key to their future success. Implications to practice and policy as well as future directions were discussed. PMID:28926964

Racial/Ethnic Patterns of Kindergarten School Enrollment in the United States.

PubMed

Lawrence, Elizabeth; Mollborn, Stefanie

2017-09-01

Enrollment into unequal schools at the start of formal education is an important mechanism for the reproduction of racial/ethnic educational inequalities. We examine whether there are racial/ethnic differences in school enrollment options at kindergarten, the start of schooling. We use nationally representative data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (ECLS-B) to model whether parents seek information about their child's school before enrolling, whether parents move to a location so that a child can attend a certain school, or whether parents enroll their child in a school other than the assigned public school. Results indicate that enrollment patterns differ greatly across race/ethnicity. Whereas Black families are the most likely to seek information on a school's performance, White families are the most likely to use the elite option of choosing their residential location to access a particular school. These differences persist when controlling for socioeconomic status and sociogeographic location. Kindergarten enrollment patterns preserve the advantages of White families, perpetuating racial/ethnic disparities through multiple institutions and contributing to intergenerational processes of social stratification. Research should continue to examine specific educational consequences of housing inequities and residential segregation.

Poverty Dynamics and Academic Trajectories of Children of Immigrants.

PubMed

Zhang, Liwei; Han, Wen-Jui

2017-09-16

Using Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-1999 (ECLS-K), we investigated the relationship between poverty and academic trajectories for children in immigrant families in the United States. We used family socioeconomic status (SES) which considers parental education, parental occupation, and family income to define poverty in correspondence with the U.S. federal poverty threshold. Three dimensions of poverty were examined including depth (i.e., not-poor, near-poor, poor or extreme poor), stability (i.e., continuously or intermittently), and duration (i.e., for how many times in poverty). Our results indicated that living in poverty, particularly when it was extreme, volatile, and for long spell could compromise children's reading and math achievements during the first nine schooling years. Children of immigrants were doing as well as, if not better than, children of native-borns in certain areas (i.e., math) or in facing of certain pattern of poverty (i.e., long-spell). However, deep poverty and volatile changes in family SES could compromise academic achievements for children of immigrants throughout their first nine years of schooling, a period holds important key to their future success. Implications to practice and policy as well as future directions were discussed.

How Teenage Fathers Matter for Children: Evidence From the ECLS-B

PubMed Central

Mollborn, Stefanie; Lovegrove, Peter J.

2011-01-01

Much is known about how having a teenage mother influences children’s outcomes, but the relationship between teenage fatherhood and children’s health and development is less well documented. Using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth Cohort, the authors investigated how teenage fathers matter for children. They expected teenage fathers’ influence on children to differ from adult fathers’ in three domains: the household context, the father–mother relationship, and the father–child relationship. Teenage fathers were less often married and more often cohabiting or nonresident, and their children experienced a variety of social disadvantages in their household contexts. The quality of the father–child relationship did not often differ between adolescent and adult fathers. Fathers’ marital status and children’s household contexts each fully explained the negative relationship between having a teen father and children’s cognitive and behavior scores at age 2. These findings suggest that policy interventions could possibly reduce these children’s developmental gaps in the critical preschool years. PMID:21927527

Sulfur Hexafluoride 20% Versus Air 100% for Anterior Chamber Tamponade in DMEK: A Meta-Analysis.

PubMed

Marques, Raquel Esteves; Guerra, Paulo Silva; Sousa, David Cordeiro; Ferreira, Nuno Pinto; Gonçalves, Ana Inês; Quintas, Ana Miguel; Rodrigues, Walter

2018-06-01

To compare intracameral 20% sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) versus 100% air as tamponade for graft attachment in Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). Using an electronic database search on MEDLINE and CENTRAL from inception to December 2017, we performed a literature review and meta-analysis including all comparative studies of SF6 at a 20% concentration (20% SF6) versus pure air (100% air) for anterior chamber tamponade in DMEK. The primary outcome was the rebubbling rate at the final observation. The secondary outcomes were 1) the graft detachment rate, 2) mean difference (MD) in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), 3) manifest refraction spherical equivalent, 4) central corneal thickness (CCT), 5) percentage of endothelial cell loss (ECL), and 6) rate of pupillary block by the final observation. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan5.3 software. Five retrospective studies were included, assessing 1195 eyes (SF6 277; air 918). The main indication for surgery was Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (SF6 85.2%; air 86.2%) and bullous keratopathy (SF6 10.8%; air 10.0%). Overall, studies were of moderate to good methodological quality. Patients in the SF6 group required 58% less rebubbling procedures (risk ratio 0.42, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.31-0.56, P < 0.0001). No differences were found regarding BCVA improvement (MD 0.03, 95% CI, -0.05 to 0.11, P = 0.49). SF6 was associated with a minor hyperopic shift (MD 0.37 D, 95% CI, -0.95 to -0.21, P = 0.21). No differences were found regarding CCT, ECL, and rate of pupillary block (P > 0.05). In DMEK, 20% SF6 tamponade and longer postoperative time supine were associated with 58% fewer rebubbling procedures, and an ECL not statistically different from using 100% air.

Early physical health conditions and school readiness skills in a prospective birth cohort of U.S. children.

PubMed

Kull, Melissa A; Coley, Rebekah Levine

2015-10-01

Extant research identifies associations between early physical health disparities and impaired functioning in adulthood, but limited research examines the emergence of these associations in the early years of children's lives. This study draws on data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Birth Cohort (ECLS-B; N = 5900) to assess whether a host of early health indicators measured from birth to age five are associated with children's cognitive and behavioral skills at age five. After adjusting for child and family characteristics, results revealed that children's neonatal risks (prematurity or low birth weight) and reports of poor health and hospitalizations were associated with lower cognitive skills, and neonatal risks and poor health predicted lower behavioral functioning at age five. Some of the association between neonatal risks and school readiness skills were indirect, functioning through children's poor health and hospitalization. Analyses further found that associations between early physical health and children's school readiness skills were consistent across subgroups defined by family income and child race/ethnicity, suggesting generalizability of results. Findings emphasize the need for more interdisciplinary research, practice, and policy related to optimizing child well-being across domains of physical health and development in the early years of life. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Beyond adoption status: Post-adoptive parental involvement and children's reading and math performance from kindergarten to first grade.

PubMed

Tan, Tony Xing; Kim, Eun Sook; Baggerly, Jennifer; Mahoney, E Emily; Rice, Jessica

2017-01-01

In this study, we went beyond adoption status to examine the associations between postadoption parental involvement and children's reading and math performance from kindergarten to first grade. Secondary data on a sample of adopted children and nonadopted children were drawn from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Class of 1998 to 1999 (ECLS-K). Weighted data on the children's reading performance were available for 13,900 children (181 were adopted); weighted data on the children's math performance were available for 14,128 children (184 were adopted). Descriptive data showed no group difference in reading scores at all 3 Waves but adopted children scored lower than nonadopted children in math at Wave 2 (Spring of kindergarten) and Wave 3 (Spring of first grade). However, controlling for 6 covariates, latent growth modeling showed that adoption status was unrelated to Wave 1 reading and math scores or subsequent growth rate. Rather, parents' beliefs on skills needed to succeed in kindergarten were a significant predictor of reading and math performance at Wave 1 and subsequent growth rates, and parents' educational expectation was a significant predictor of growth rate in reading and math. Our findings highlight the importance of parental involvement in adopted children's learning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

What money can buy: family income and childhood obesity.

PubMed

Jo, Young

2014-12-01

This paper investigates the relationship between family income and childhood obesity. Using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-99 (ECLS-K), I report three new findings. First, family income and childhood obesity are generally negatively correlated, but for children in very low-income families, they are positively correlated. Second, the negative association between family income and Body Mass Index (BMI) is especially strong and significant among high-BMI children. Third, the difference in obesity rates between children from low- and high-income families increases as children age. This study further investigates potential factors that might contribute to a rapid increase in the obesity rate among low-income children. I find that their faster weight gain, rather than slower height growth, is a greater contributor to the rapid increase in their BMI over time. On the other hand, I also find that the faster weight gain by low-income children cannot be attributed to any single factor, such as participation in school meal programs, parental characteristics, or individual characteristics. These findings add to the current obesity debate by demonstrating that the key to curbing childhood obesity may lie in factors generating different obesity rates across income levels. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A novel self-enhanced electrochemiluminescence immunosensor based on hollow Ru-SiO2@PEI nanoparticles for NSE analysis.

PubMed

Zhou, Limin; Huang, Jianshe; Yu, Bin; You, Tianyan

2016-02-26

Poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) and Ru(bpy)3(2+)-doped silica (Ru-SiO2) nanoparticles were simply mixed together to prepare a novel self-enhanced electrochemiluminescence (ECL) composite of Ru-SiO2@PEI. The hollow Ru-SiO2@PEI nanoparticles were used to build an ECL immunosensor for the analysis of neuron specific enolase (NSE). PEI not only assembled on the surface of Ru-SiO2 nanoparticles through the electrostatic interaction to act as co-reactant for Ru(bpy)3(2+) ECL, but also provided alkaline condition to etch the Ru-SiO2 nanoparticles to form the hollow Ru-SiO2@PEI nanoparticles with porous shell. The unique structure of the Ru-SiO2@PEI nanoparticles loaded both a large amount of Ru(bpy)3(2+) and its co-reactant PEI at the same time, which shortened the electron-transfer distance, thereby greatly enhanced the luminous efficiency and amplified the ECL signal. The developed immunosensor showed a wide linear range from 1.0 × 10(-11) to 1.0 × 10(-5) mg mL(-1) with a low detection limit of 1.0 × 10(-11) mg mL(-1) for NSE. When the immunosensor was used for the determination of NSE in clinical human serum, the results were comparable with those obtained by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The proposed method provides a promising alternative for NSE analysis in clinical samples.

Antioxidant potential, tannin and polyphenol contents of seed and pericarp of three Coffea species.

PubMed

Patay, Éva Brigitta; Sali, Nikolett; Kőszegi, Tamás; Csepregi, Rita; Balázs, Viktória Lilla; Németh, Tibor Sebastian; Németh, Tibor; Papp, Nóra

2016-04-01

To investigate the antioxidant activity, total phenolic and total tannin content of the pericarp and the seed of Coffea benghalensis (C. benghalensis) and Coffea liberica compared to Coffea arabica (C. arabica). The antioxidant potential, total tannin and polyphenol contents of the immature and mature seed and pericarp of C. benghalensis and Coffea liberica were quantified and compared to C. arabica. Enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), oxygen radical absorbance capacity, Folin-Ciocalteau method and total tannin content assays were used. Trolox equivalent (TE/g plant material) values obtained by ECL and DPPH methods showed loose correlation (r(2) = 0.587) while those measured by oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay were higher without correlation in each plant. A closer correlation was detected between the ECL method and the percentage antioxidant activity of the DPPH technique (r(2) = 0.610 7) in each species, however the immature pericarp of C. benghalensis showed much higher DPPH scavenging potential than was seen in the ECL assay. The immature pericarp of C. benghalensis expressed the highest tannin and polyphenol content, and a high polyphenol level was also detected in the immature seed of C. arabica. The immature pericarp of Bengal and Liberian coffees showed the largest amount of phenolic contents. The obtained data highlight the potential role of C. benghalensis as a new source of natural antioxidants and polyphenols compared to C. arabica. Copyright © 2016 Hainan Medical College. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Gold nanoparticle-based enhanced chemiluminescence immunosensor for detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) in food.

PubMed

Yang, Minghui; Kostov, Yordan; Bruck, Hugh A; Rasooly, Avraham

2009-08-15

Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are major cause of foodborne diseases, so sensitive detection (<1 ng/ml) methods are needed for SE detection in food. The surface area, geometric and physical properties of gold nanoparticles make them well-suited for enhancing interactions with biological molecules in assays. To take advantage of the properties of gold nanoparticles for immunodetection, we have developed a gold nanoparticle-based enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor for detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) in food. Anti-SEB primary antibodies were immobilized onto a gold nanoparticle surface through physical adsorption and then the antibody-gold nanoparticle mixture was immobilized onto a polycarbonate surface. SEB was detected by a "sandwich-type" ELISA assay on the polycarbonate surface with a secondary antibody and ECL detection. The signal from ECL was read using a point-of-care detector based on a cooled charge-coupled device (CCD) sensor or a plate reader. The system was used to test for SEB in buffer and various foods (mushrooms, tomatoes, and baby food meat). The limit of detection was found to be approximately 0.01 ng/mL, which is approximately 10 times more sensitive than traditional ELISA. The gold nanoparticles were relatively easy to use for antibody immobilization because of their physical adsorption mechanism; no other reagents were required for immobilization. The use of our simple and inexpensive detector combined with the gold nanoparticle-based ECL method described here is adaptable to simplify and increase sensitivity of any immunological assay and for point-of-care diagnostics.

Gold nanoparticle-based enhanced chemiluminescence immunosensor for detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) in food

PubMed Central

Yang, Minghui; Kostov, Yordan; Bruck, Hugh A.; Rasooly, Avraham

2010-01-01

Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are major cause of foodborne diseases, so sensitive detection (<1 ng/ml) methods are needed for SE detection in food. The surface area, geometric and physical properties of gold nanoparticles make them well-suited for enhancing interactions with biological molecules in assays. To take advantage of the properties of gold nanoparticles for immunodetection, we have developed a gold nanoparticle-based enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor for detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) in food. Anti-SEB primary antibodies were immobilized onto a gold nanoparticle surface through physical adsorption and then the antibody–gold nanoparticle mixture was immobilized onto a polycarbonate surface. SEB was detected by a “sandwich-type” ELISA assay on the polycarbonate surface with a secondary antibody and ECL detection. The signal from ECL was read using a point-of-care detector based on a cooled charge-coupled device (CCD) sensor or a plate reader. The system was used to test for SEB in buffer and various foods (mushrooms, tomatoes, and baby food meat). The limit of detection was found to be ~0.01 ng/mL, which is ~10 times more sensitive than traditional ELISA. The gold nanoparticles were relatively easy to use for antibody immobilization because of their physical adsorption mechanism; no other reagents were required for immobilization. The use of our simple and inexpensive detector combined with the gold nanoparticle-based ECL method described here is adaptable to simplify and increase sensitivity of any immunological assay and for point-of-care diagnostics. PMID:19540011

Triple Quenching of a Novel Self-Enhanced Ru(II) Complex by Hemin/G-Quadruplex DNAzymes and Its Potential Application to Quantitative Protein Detection.

PubMed

Zhao, Min; Liao, Ni; Zhuo, Ying; Chai, Ya-Qin; Wang, Ji-Peng; Yuan, Ruo

2015-08-04

Herein, a novel "on-off" electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor for highly sensitive determination of thrombin has been constructed based on the triple quenching of the effect of hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzymes upon the Ru(II) complex-based ECL system. First, a strong initial ECL signal was achieved by the dual amplification strategies of (i) intramolecular coreaction of a self-enhanced Ru(II)-based molecule (PTCA-PEI-Ru(II)) and (ii) intermolecular coreaction between PTCA-PEI-Ru(II) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), which was named the signal-on state. Then, a novel triple quenching of the effect of multifunctional hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzymes upon the Ru(II) complex-based ECL system was designed to realize the desirable signal-off state, which was outlined as follows: (i) the hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzymes mimicked NADH oxidase to oxidize NADH and in situ generate the H2O2, consuming the coreactant of NADH; (ii) its active center of hemin could oxidize the excited state PTCA-PEI-Ru(II)* to PTCA-PEI-Ru(III), making the energy and electron transfer quench; (iii) it also acted as horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to catalyze the H2O2 for in situ producing the quencher of O2. Based on triple quenching of the effect of hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzymes, the highly sensitive "on-off" thrombin aptasensor was developed with a wide linear detection range of 1.0 × 10(-14) M to 1.0 × 10(-10) M and a detection limit down to the femtomolar level.

Graphite paper-based bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence sensing platform.

PubMed

Zhang, Xin; Ding, Shou-Nian

2017-08-15

In this work, aiming at the construction of a disposable, wireless, low-cost and sensitive system for bioassay, we report a closed bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence (BPE-ECL) sensing platform based on graphite paper as BPE for the first time. Graphite paper is qualified as BPE due to its unique properties such as excellent electrical conductivity, uniform composition and ease of use. This simple BPE-ECL device was applied to the quantitative analysis of oxidant (H 2 O 2 ) and biomarker (CEA) respectively, according to the principle of BPE sensing-charge balance. For the H 2 O 2 analysis, Pt NPs were electrodeposited onto the cathode through a bipolar electrodeposition approach to promote the sensing performance. As a result, this BPE-ECL device exhibited a wide linear range of 0.001-15mM with a low detection limit of 0.5µM (S/N=3) for H 2 O 2 determination. For the determination of CEA, chitosan-multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CS-MWCNTs) were employed to supply a hydrophilic interface for immobilizing primary antibody (Ab 1 ); and Au@Pt nanostructures were conjugated with secondary antibody (Ab 2 ) as catalysts for H 2 O 2 reduction. Under the optimal conditions, the BPE-ECL immunodevice showed a wide linear range of 0.01-60ngmL -1 with a detection limit of 5.0pgmL -1 for CEA. Furthermore, it also displayed satisfactory selectivity, excellent stability and good reproducibility. The developed method opened a new avenue to clinical bioassay. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A novel self-enhanced electrochemiluminescence immunosensor based on hollow Ru-SiO2@PEI nanoparticles for NSE analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Limin; Huang, Jianshe; Yu, Bin; You, Tianyan

2016-02-01

Poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) and Ru(bpy)32+-doped silica (Ru-SiO2) nanoparticles were simply mixed together to prepare a novel self-enhanced electrochemiluminescence (ECL) composite of Ru-SiO2@PEI. The hollow Ru-SiO2@PEI nanoparticles were used to build an ECL immunosensor for the analysis of neuron specific enolase (NSE). PEI not only assembled on the surface of Ru-SiO2 nanoparticles through the electrostatic interaction to act as co-reactant for Ru(bpy)32+ ECL, but also provided alkaline condition to etch the Ru-SiO2 nanoparticles to form the hollow Ru-SiO2@PEI nanoparticles with porous shell. The unique structure of the Ru-SiO2@PEI nanoparticles loaded both a large amount of Ru(bpy)32+ and its co-reactant PEI at the same time, which shortened the electron-transfer distance, thereby greatly enhanced the luminous efficiency and amplified the ECL signal. The developed immunosensor showed a wide linear range from 1.0 × 10-11 to 1.0 × 10-5 mg mL-1 with a low detection limit of 1.0 × 10-11 mg mL-1 for NSE. When the immunosensor was used for the determination of NSE in clinical human serum, the results were comparable with those obtained by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The proposed method provides a promising alternative for NSE analysis in clinical samples.

Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence of BODIPY, Ru(bpy)32+, and 9,10-Diphenylanthracene Using Interdigitated Array Electrodes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nepomnyashchii, Alexander B.; Kolesov, Grigory; Parkinson, Bruce A.

Interdigitated array electrodes (IDAs) were used to produce steady-state electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) by annihilation of oxidized and reduced forms of a substituted boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dye, 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA), and ruthenium(II) tris(bypiridine) (Ru-(bpy)32+). Digital simulations were in good agreement with the experimentally obtained currents and light outputs. Coreactant experiments, using tri-n-propylamine and benzoyl peroxide as a sacrificial homogeneous reductant or oxidant, show currents corresponding to electrode reactions of the dyes and not the oxidation or reduction of the coreactants. The results show that interdigitated arrays can produce stable ECL where the light intensity is magnified due to the larger currents asmore » a consequence of feedback between generator and collector electrodes in the IDA. The light output for ECL is around 100 times higher than that obtained with regular planar electrodes with similar area. This material is based upon work supported as part of the Center of Molecular Electrocatalysis, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences.« less

Increasing Electrochemiluminescence Intensity of a Wireless Electrode Array Chip by Thousands of Times Using a Diode for Sensitive Visual Detection by a Digital Camera.

PubMed

Qi, Liming; Xia, Yong; Qi, Wenjing; Gao, Wenyue; Wu, Fengxia; Xu, Guobao

2016-01-19

Both a wireless electrochemiluminescence (ECL) electrode microarray chip and the dramatic increase in ECL by embedding a diode in an electromagnetic receiver coil have been first reported. The newly designed device consists of a chip and a transmitter. The chip has an electromagnetic receiver coil, a mini-diode, and a gold electrode array. The mini-diode can rectify alternating current into direct current and thus enhance ECL intensities by 18 thousand times, enabling a sensitive visual detection using common cameras or smart phones as low cost detectors. The detection limit of hydrogen peroxide using a digital camera is comparable to that using photomultiplier tube (PMT)-based detectors. Coupled with a PMT-based detector, the device can detect luminol with higher sensitivity with linear ranges from 10 nM to 1 mM. Because of the advantages including high sensitivity, high throughput, low cost, high portability, and simplicity, it is promising in point of care testing, drug screening, and high throughput analysis.

An electrochemiluminescent biosensor for glucose based on the electrochemiluminescence of luminol on the nafion/glucose oxidase/poly(nickel(II)tetrasulfophthalocyanine)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified electrode.

PubMed

Qiu, Bin; Lin, Zhenyu; Wang, Jian; Chen, Zhihuang; Chen, Jinhua; Chen, Guonan

2009-04-15

A poly(nickel(II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite modified electrode (polyNiTSPc/MWNTs) was fabricated by electropolymerization of NiTSPc on MWNTs-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The modified electrode was found to be able to greatly improve the emission of luminol electrochemiluminescence (ECL) in a solution containing hydrogen peroxide. Glucose oxidase (GOD) was immobilized on the surface of polyNiTSPc/MWNTs modified GC electrode by Nafion to establish an ECL glucose sensor. Under the optimum conditions, the linear response range of glucose was 1.0x10(-6) to 1.0x10(-4) mol L(-1) with a detection limit of 8.0x10(-8) mol L(-1) (defined as the concentration that could be detected at the signal-to-noise ratio of 3). The ECL sensor showed an outstanding well reproducibility and long-term stability. The established method has been applied to determine the glucose concentrations in real serum samples with satisfactory results.

An Environmental Impact Assessment of Perfluorocarbon Thermal Working Fluid Use On Board Crewed Spacecraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Perry, Jay L.; Arnold, William a.

2006-01-01

The design and operation of crewed spacecraft requires identifying and evaluating chemical compounds that may present reactivity and compatibility risks with the environmental control and life support (ECLS) system. Such risks must be understood so that appropriate design and operational controls, including specifying containment levels, can be instituted or an appropriate substitute material selected. Operational experience acquired during the International Space Station (ISS) program has found that understanding ECLS system and environmental impact presented by thermal control system working fluids is imperative to safely operating any crewed space exploration vehicle. Perfluorocarbon fluids are used as working fluids in thermal control fluid loops on board the ISS. Also, payload hardware developers have identified perfluorocarbon fluids as preferred thermal control working fluids. Interest in using perfluorocarbon fluids as thermal control system working fluids for future crewed space vehicles and outposts is high. Potential hazards associated with perfluorocarbon fluids are discussed with specific attention given to engineering assessment of ECLS system compatibility, compatibility testing results, and spacecraft environmental impact. Considerations for perfluorocarbon fluid use on crewed spacecraft and outposts are summarized.

Metabolic Toxicity Screening Using Electrochemiluminescence Arrays Coupled with Enzyme-DNA Biocolloid Reactors and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hvastkovs, Eli, G.; Schenkman, John B.; Rusling, James, F.

2012-07-01

New chemicals or drugs must be guaranteed safe before they can be marketed. Despite widespread use of bioassay panels for toxicity prediction, products that are toxic to a subset of the population often are not identified until clinical trials. This article reviews new array methodologies based on enzyme/DNA films that form and identify DNA-reactive metabolites that are indicators of potentially genotoxic species. This molecularly based methodology is designed in a rapid screening array that utilizes electrochemiluminescence (ECL) to detect metabolite-DNA reactions, as well as biocolloid reactors that provide the DNA adducts and metabolites for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. ECL arrays provide rapid toxicity screening, and the biocolloid reactor LC-MS approach provides a valuable follow-up on structure, identification, and formation rates of DNA adducts for toxicity hits from the ECL array screening. Specific examples using this strategy are discussed. Integration of high-throughput versions of these toxicity-screening methods with existing drug toxicity bioassays should allow for better human toxicity prediction as well as more informed decision making regarding new chemical and drug candidates.

An electrochemiluminescence sensor based on a Ru(bpy)3(2+)-silica-chitosan/nanogold composite film.

PubMed

Cai, Zhi-min; Wu, Yan-fang; Huang, Yun-he; Li, Qiu-ping; Chen, Xiao-mei; Chen, Xi

2012-05-30

Chitosan, a cationic polysaccharide containing amino and hydroxyl groups, was used to fabricate an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor. In the sensor construction, a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was first coated by a chitosan film which embedded gold nanoparticles, and then the film was modified by introducing carboxyl groups on the surface, which were used to immobilize tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) doped amino-functional silica nanoparticles (NH(2)-RuSiNPs) through amido links. The successful modification was confirmed by scanning electronic microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. A binding model between the chitosan/nanogold composite film and NH(2)-RuSiNPs was also proposed, in which the amido link was the dominant bonding, accompanied with hydrogen bond interaction. ECL studies revealed that the sensor had very good response to different concentrations of 2-(dibutylamino) ethanol. This sensor was also applied in methamphetamine determination. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Orientation independence of heterojunction-band offsets at GaAs-AlAs heterointerfaces characterized by x-ray photoemission spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hirakawa, K.; Hashimoto, Y.; Ikoma, T.

1990-12-01

We systematically studied the orientation and the growth sequence dependence of the valence-band offset ΔEv at the lattice-matched common anion GaAs-AlAs interfaces. High quality GaAs-AlAs heterojunctions were carefully grown on GaAs substrates with three major orientations, namely, (100), (110), and (111)B. The core level energy distance ΔECL between Ga 3d and Al 2p levels was measured by in situ x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. ΔECL is found to be independent of the substrate orientation and the growth sequence, which clearly indicates the face independence of ΔEv. This result suggests that the band lineup at lattice-matched isovalent semiconductor heterojunctions is determined by the bulk properties of the constituent materials. ΔEv is determined to be 0.44 ± 0.05 eV.

Sociomoral Atmosphere in Direct-Instruction, Eclectic, and Constructivist Kindergartens: A Study of Teachers' Enacted Interpersonal Understanding.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DeVries, Rheta; And Others

This study examined the interactions between teachers and children in three kindergarten classrooms. Programs used in the classrooms were: a direct-instruction (DI) program, representing a cultural transmission paradigm; a contructivist program (CON), representing the cognitive-developmental paradigm; and an eclectic program (ECL), combining…

Determination of ultra-trace formaldehyde in air using ammonium sulfate as derivatization reagent and capillary electrophoresis coupled with on-line electrochemiluminescence detection.

PubMed

Deng, Biyang; Liu, Yang; Yin, Huihui; Ning, Xi; Lu, Hua; Ye, Li; Xu, Quanxiu

2012-03-15

The reaction between formaldehyde and ammonium ion to produce hexamethylenetetramine is well known. The reaction conditions are very easily controlled in situ and the experiment operation is very simple. However, such derivatization reaction for trace formaldehyde determination using capillary electrophoresis (CE) electrochemiluminescence (ECL) has not been reported before. In this study, the application of ammoniun sulfate as derivatization reagent to in-situ determination of formaldehyde in air was reported. Based on ECL enhancement of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) with hexamethylenetetramine, a novel approach for the determination of ultra-trace formaldehyde in air using CE coupled with on-line ECL of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) has been developed. The parameters affecting separation and detection such as detection potential, concentration and pH of phosphate buffer, and electrokinetic voltage, were investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the linear concentration range of formaldehyde in air was from 0.48 μg/m(3) to 96 mg/m(3) (linear range covering 5 orders of magnitude). The limit of detection (3σ) was 0.15 μg/m(3). The relative standard deviations of peak height and migration time for six consecutive injection of 1 ng/mL formaldehyde derivative were 0.9% and 0.8%, respectively. The recoveries of formaldehyde in air were between 99.3% and 101%. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Determination of β-blockers in pharmaceutical and human urine by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection and studies on the pharmacokinetics.

PubMed

Wang, Yuanchao; Wu, Qiong; Cheng, Meirong; Cai, Cheng

2011-04-15

A novel method for simultaneous determination of atenolol, metoprolol and esmolol was proposed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection. Poly-β-cyclodextrin (Poly-β-CD) was used as an additive in the running buffer to improve the separation of three analytes. The conditions for CE separation, ECL detection and effect of Poly-β-CD were investigated in detail. The three β-blockers with very similar structures were well separated and detected under the optimum conditions. The linear ranges of the standard solution for atenolol and esmolol were 2.5-125 μmol/L with a detection limit (S/N=3) of 0.5 μmol/L, and for metoprolol was 0.5-25 μmol/L with a detection limit of 0.1 μmol/L. For three β-blockers from spiked aqueous and urine samples, the accuracy and precision including intraday and interday experiments were performed by calculating the recovery, the relative standard deviations of the ECL intensity and the migration time, respectively. The developed method was applied to the determination of metoprolol content in commercial pharmaceutical, and the analytical results are in good agreement with the nominal value with recoveries in the range of 98.7-105%. The proposed method was also applied to the monitoring of pharmacokinetics for metoprolol in human body. Crown Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

International Space Station (ISS) Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) System Overview of Events: February 2002 - 2004

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gentry, Gregory J.; Reysa, Richard P.; Williams, Dave E.

2004-01-01

The International Space Station continues to build up its life support equipment capability. Several ECLS equipment failures have occurred since Lab activation in February 2001. Major problems occurring between February 2001 and February 2002 were discussed in other works. Major problems occurring between February 2002 and February 2003 are discussed in this paper, as are updates from previously ongoing unresolved problems. This paper addresses failures, and root cause, with particular emphasis on likely micro-gravity causes. Impact to overall station operations and proposed and accomplished fixes will also be discussed.

10-Gb/s direct modulation of polymer-based tunable external cavity lasers.

PubMed

Choi, Byung-Seok; Oh, Su Hwan; Kim, Ki Soo; Yoon, Ki-Hong; Kim, Hyun Soo; Park, Mi-Ran; Jeong, Jong Sool; Kwon, O-Kyun; Seo, Jun-Kyu; Lee, Hak-Kyu; Chung, Yun C

2012-08-27

We demonstrate a directly-modulated 10-Gb/s tunable external cavity laser (ECL) fabricated by using a polymer Bragg reflector and a high-speed superluminescent diode (SLD). The tuning range and output power of this ECL are measured to be >11 nm and 2.6 mW (@ 100 mA), respectively. We directly modulate this laser at 10 Gb/s and transmit the modulated signal over 20 km of standard single-mode fiber. The power penalty is measured to be <2.8 dB at the bit-error rate (BER) of 10(-10).

Comparison of unusual carbon-based working electrodes for electrochemiluminescence sensors.

PubMed

Noman, Muhammad; Sanginario, Alessandro; Jagadale, Pravin; Demarchi, Danilo; Tagliaferro, Alberto

2017-06-01

In this work, unconventional carbon-based materials were investigated for use in electrochemiluminescence (ECL) working electrodes. Precursors such as bamboo, pistachio shells, kevlar ® fibers and camphor were differently treated and used as working electrodes in ECL experiments. After a proper process they were assembled as electrodes and tested in an electrochemical cell. Comparison among them and with a commercial glassy carbon electrode (GCE) shows a very good response for all of them thus demonstrating their potential use as disposable low-cost electrodes for early detection electrochemical analysis. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Mechanical performance comparison between RotaFlow and CentriMag centrifugal blood pumps in an adult ECLS model.

PubMed

Yulong Guan; Xiaowei Su; McCoach, Robert; Kunselman, Allen; El-Banayosy, Aly; Undar, Akif

2010-03-01

Centrifugal blood pumps have been widely adopted in conventional adult cardiopulmonary bypass and circulatory assist procedures. Different brands of centrifugal blood pumps incorporate distinct designs which affect pump performance. In this adult extracorporeal life support (ECLS) model, the performances of two brands of centrifugal blood pump (RotaFlow blood pump and CentriMag blood pump) were compared. The simulated adult ECLS circuit used in this study included a centrifugal blood pump, Quadrox D membrane oxygenator and Sorin adult ECLS tubing package. A Sorin Cardiovascular(R) VVR(R) 4000i venous reservoir (Sorin S.p.A., Milan, Italy) with a Hoffman clamp served as a pseudo-patient. The circuit was primed with 900ml heparinized human packed red blood cells and 300ml lactated Ringer's solution (total volume 1200 ml, corrected hematocrit 40%). Trials were conducted at normothermia (36 degrees C). Performance, including circuit pressure and flow rate, was measured for every setting analyzed. The shut-off pressure of the RotaFlow was higher than the CentriMag at all measurement points given the same rotation speed (p < 0.0001). The shut-off pressure differential between the two centrifugal blood pumps was significant and increased given higher rotation speeds (p < 0.0001). The RotaFlow blood pump has higher maximal flow rate (9.08 +/- 0.01L/min) compared with the CentriMag blood pump (8.37 +/- 0.02L/min) (p < 0.0001). The blood flow rate differential between the two pumps when measured at the same revolutions per minute (RPM) ranged from 1.64L/min to 1.73L/min. The results obtained in this experiment demonstrate that the RotaFlow has a higher shut-off pressure (less retrograde flow) and maximal blood flow rate than the CentriMag blood pump. Findings support the conclusion that the RotaFlow disposable pump head has a better mechanical performance than the CentriMag. In addition, the RotaFlow disposable pump is 20-30 times less expensive than the CentriMag.

Synthesis, electrochemistry, and electrogenerated chemiluminescence of two BODIPY-appended bipyridine homologues.

PubMed

Qi, Honglan; Teesdale, Justin J; Pupillo, Rachel C; Rosenthal, Joel; Bard, Allen J

2013-09-11

Two new 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) derivatives containing ancillary BODIPY chromophores attached at the 5- and 5'-positions (BB3) or 6- and 6'-positions (BB4) were prepared and characterized. In this work, the basic photophysics, electrochemistry, and electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) of BB3 and BB4 are compared with those previously reported for a related bpy-BODIPY derivative (BB2) (J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 17993-18001). Cyclic voltammetry revealed that BB3 and BB4 display reversible 2e(-) oxidation and reduction waves, which consist of two closely spaced (50-70 mV) 1e(-) events. This redox behavior is consistent with the frontier molecular orbitals calculated for BB3 and BB4 and indicates that the 2,2'-bipyridine spacer of each bpy-BODIPY homologue does not facilitate efficient electronic communication between the tethered indacene units. In the presence of a coreactant such as tri-n-propylamine (TPA) or benzoyl peroxide (BPO), BB3 and BB4 exhibit strong ECL and produce spectra that are very similar to their corresponding photoluminescence profiles. The ECL signal obtained under annihilation conditions, however, is significantly different and is characterized by two distinct bands. One of these bands is centered at ∼570 nm and is attributed to emission via an S- or T-route. The second band occurs at longer wavelengths and is centered around ∼740 nm. The shape and concentration dependence of this long-wavelength ECL signal is not indicative of emission from an excimer or aggregate, but rather it suggests that a new emissive species is formed from the bpy-BODIPY luminophores during the annihilation process.

Self-enhanced electrochemiluminescence immunosensor based on nanowires obtained by a green approach.

PubMed

Wang, Haijun; Yuan, Yali; Chai, Yaqin; Yuan, Ruo

2015-06-15

Co-reactant electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a simple and effective method for sensitive detection with amplified ECL signals. However, the intermolecular interaction between the luminescent reagents and their corresponding co-reactants, which is widely applied, has disadvantages in poor stability, low efficiency of electron transfer and relatively high loss of energy. In this work, an intramolecular self-enhanced ECL is proposed to settle this problem. Firstly, palladium nanowires (PdNWs) are synthesized with a green procedure in which Lentinan (LNT), one of β-glucans with a triple helical conformation (t-LNT) in aqueous solution and single chains (s-LNT) at a temperature higher than 130°C, is used as stabilizer and reducing agent. The abtined PdNWs are applied to immobilize polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer which further reacts with tris (4, 4'-dicarboxylicacid-2, 2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium (II) dichloride to form a new electrochemiluminescent derivative (PdNWs-PAMAM-Ru). In this way, the Ru (II) luminophore and its co-reactive groups (amine groups in PAMAM) exist in the same complex, by which the electronic transmission distance is shortened and the luminous properties including stability and efficiency are enhanced. Moreover, due to the high specific surface areas and good electro-catalytic ability of PdNWs, the obtained PdNWs-PAMAM-Ru can be also applied to immobilize detection antibody (Ab2). Then, a sandwiched and sensitive ECL immunosensor is fabricated for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) with a wide linear ranged from 0.001 ng mL(-1) to 80 ng mL(-1) and a low detection limit of 0.3 pg mL(-1). Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

An ultrasensitive label-free electrochemiluminescent immunosensor for measuring Cry1Ab level and genetically modified crops content.

PubMed

Gao, Hongfei; Wen, Luke; Wu, Yuhua; Fu, Zhifeng; Wu, Gang

2017-11-15

The development of genetically modified (GM) insect-resistant crops has aroused great public concern about the risks on the eco-environment resulting from a release of toxic Cry proteins (such as Cry1Ab) to the soil. Therefore, it is of crucial importance to measure the Cry proteins level and the GM crops content. Here, we have tested for the first time a method that uses novel carbon nanospheres (CNPs) label-free electrochemiluminescent (ECL) immunosensor for the ultrasensitive quantification of Cry1Ab and GM crops. In this work, novel CNPs were prepared from printer toner with a very facile approach, and linked with anti-Cry1Ab antibodies to modify a golden working electrode. The immunoreaction between Cry1Ab and its antibody formed an immunocomplex on the bioreceptor region of the sensor, which inhibited electron transfer between the electrode surface and the ECL substance, leading to a decrease of ECL response. Under the optimal conditions, the fabricated label-free ECL immunosensor determined Cry1Ab down to 3.0pgmL -1 within a linear range of 0.010-1.0ngmL -1 , showing significant improvement of sensitivity than that of most previous reports. Meanwhile, the proposed method was successfully applied for GM rice BT63 and GM maize MON810 detections down to 0.010% and 0.020%, respectively. Due to its outstanding advantages such as high sensitivity, ideal selectivity, simple fabrication, rapid detection, and low cost, the developed method can be considered as a powerful and pioneering tool for GM crops detection. Its use can also be extended to other toxin protein sensing in foods. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Determinants for Sensitivity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coreceptor CXCR4 to the Bicyclam AMD3100

PubMed Central

Labrosse, Béatrice; Brelot, Anne; Heveker, Nikolaus; Sol, Nathalie; Schols, Dominique; De Clercq, Erik; Alizon, Marc

1998-01-01

The bicyclam AMD3100 is a potent and selective inhibitor of the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2). It was recently demonstrated that the compound inhibited HIV entry through CXCR4 but not through CCR5. Selectivity of AMD3100 for CXCR4 was further indicated by its lack of effect on HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection mediated by the CCR5, CCR3, Bonzo, BOB, and US28, coreceptors. AMD3100 completely blocked HIV-1 infection mediated by a mutant CXCR4 bearing a deletion of most of the amino-terminal extracellular domain. In contrast, relative resistance to AMD3100 was conferred by different single amino acid substitutions in the second extracellular loop (ECL2) or in the adjacent membrane-spanning domain, TM4. Only substitutions of a neutral residue for aspartic acid and of a nonaromatic residue for phenylalanine (Phe) were associated with drug resistance. This suggests a direct interaction of AMD3100 with these amino acids rather than indirect effects of their mutation on the CXCR4 structure. The interaction of aspartic acids of ECL2 and TM4 with AMD3100 is consistent with the positive charge of bicyclams, which might block HIV-1 entry by preventing electrostatic interactions between CXCR4 and the HIV-1 envelope protein gp120. Other features of AMD3100 must account for its high antiviral activity, in particular the presence of an aromatic linker between the cyclam units. This aromatic group might engage in hydrophobic interactions with the Phe-X-Phe motifs of ECL2 or TM4. These results confirm the importance of ECL2 for the HIV coreceptor activity of CXCR4. PMID:9658078

Amplified electrochemiluminescence of luminol based on hybridization chain reaction and in situ generate co-reactant for highly sensitive immunoassay.

PubMed

Xiao, Lijuan; Chai, Yaqin; Yuan, Ruo; Cao, Yaling; Wang, Haijun; Bai, Lijuan

2013-10-15

In this work, we described a simple and highly sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) strategy for IgG detection. Firstly, L-cysteine functionalized reduced graphene oxide composite (L-cys-rGO) was decorated on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface. Then anti-IgG was immobilized on the modified electrode surface through the interaction between the carboxylic groups of the L-cys-rGO and the amine groups in anti-IgG. And then biotinylated anti-IgG (bio-anti-IgG) was assembled onto the electrode surface based on the sandwich-type immunoreactions. By the conjunction of biotin and streptavidin (SA), SA was immobilized, which in turn, combined with the biotin labeled initiator strand (S1). In the presence of two single DNA strands of glucose oxidase labeled S2 (GOD-S2) and complementary strand (S3), S1 could trigger the hybridization chain reaction (HCR) among S1, GOD-S2 and S3. Herein, due to HCR, numerous GOD was efficiently immobilizated on the sensing surface and exhibited excellent catalysis towards glucose to in situ generate amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which acted as luminol's co-reactant to significantly enhance the ECL signal. The proposed ECL immunosensor presented predominate stability and high sensibility for determination of IgG in the range from 0.1 pg mL(-1) to 100 ng mL(-1) with a detection limit of 33 fg mL(-1) (S/N=3). Additionally, the designed ECL immunosensor exhibited a promising application for other protein detection. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ceria Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoflowers Enhanced Luminol-Based Electrochemiluminescence Immunosensor for Amyloid-β Detection.

PubMed

Wang, Jing-Xi; Zhuo, Ying; Zhou, Ying; Wang, Hai-Jun; Yuan, Ruo; Chai, Ya-Qin

2016-05-25

In this work, ceria doped ZnO nanomaterials with flower-structure (Ce:ZONFs) were prepared to construct a luminol-based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor for amyloid-β protein (Aβ) detection. Herein, carboxyl groups (-COOH) covered Ce:ZONFs were synthesized by a green method with lysine as reductant. After that, Ce:ZONFs-based ECL nanocomposite was prepared by combining the luminophore of luminol and Ce:ZONFs via amidation and physical absorption. Luminol modified on Ce:ZONFs surface could generate a strong ECL signal under the assistance of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) (such as OH(•) and O2(•-)), which were produced by a catalytic reaction between Ce:ZONFs and H2O2. It was worth noticing that a quick Ce(4+) ↔ Ce(3+) reaction in this doped material could increase the rate of electron transfer to realize the signal amplification. Subsequently, the luminol functionalized Ce:ZONFs (Ce:ZONFs-Lum) were covered by secondary antibody (Ab2) and glucose oxidase (GOD), respectively, to construct a novel Ab2 bioconjugate (Ab2-GOD@Ce:ZONFs-Lum). The wire-structured silver-cysteine complex (AgCys NWs) with a large number of -COOH, which was synthesized by AgNO3 and l-cysteine, was used as substrate of the immunosensor to capture the primary antibody (Ab1). Under the optimal conditions, this proposed ECL immunosensor had exhibited high sensitivity for Aβ detection with a wide linear range from 80 fg/mL to 100 ng/mL and an ultralow detection limit of 52 fg/mL. Meanwhile, this biosensor had good specificity for Aβ, indicating that the provided strategy had a promising potential in the detection of Aβ.

Electrochemiluminescence quenching of luminol by CuS in situ grown on reduced graphene oxide for detection of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide.

PubMed

Li, Xiaojian; Lu, Peng; Wu, Bin; Wang, Yaoguang; Wang, Huan; Du, Bin; Pang, Xuehui; Wei, Qin

2018-07-30

A novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signal-off strategy based on CuS in situ grown on reduced graphene oxide (CuS-rGO) quenching luminol/H 2 O 2 system was firstly proposed. Luminol was grafted on the surface of Au@Fe 3 O 4 -Cu 3 (PO 4 ) 2 nanoflowers (Luminol-Au@Fe 3 O 4 -Cu 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ) which exhibited excellent catalytic effect towards the reduction of H 2 O 2 to enhance the ECL intensity of luminol. Cu 3 (PO 4 ) 2 nanoflowers showed large surface area which can immobilize more Fe 3 O 4 and Au nanoparticles. The quenching mechanism of CuS-rGO was due to ECL resonance energy transfer (RET). The spectral overlap between fluorescence spectrum of Luminol-Au@Fe 3 O 4 -Cu 3 (PO 4 ) 2 and UV-vis absorption spectrum of CuS-rGO revealed that resonance energy transfer was possible. Au nanoparticles were immobilized on the surface of CuS-rGO to capture secondary antibodies. After a sandwich-type immunoreaction, a remarkable decrease of ECL signal was observed. Under the optimal conditions, the immunosensor showed excellent performance for N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) detection with a wide detection range from 0.5 pg mL -1 to 20 ng mL -1 and a low detection limit of 0.12 pg mL -1 (S/N = 3). The prepared NT-proBNP immunosensor displayed high sensitivity, excellent stability and good specificity. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Synthesis, Electrochemistry and Electrogenerated Chemiluminesce of two BODIPY-Appended Bipyridine Homologues

PubMed Central

Qi, Honglan; Teesdale, Justin J.; Pupillo, Rachel C.

2014-01-01

Two new 2,2’-bipyridine (bpy) derivatives containing ancillary BODIPY chromophores attached at the 5- and 5’-positions (BB3) or 6- and 6’-positions (BB4) were prepared and characterized. In this work, the basic photophysics, electrochemistry and electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) of BB3 and BB4 are compared with those previously reported for a related bpy-BODIPY derivative (BB2) (J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 17993–18001). Cyclic voltammetry revealed that BB3 and BB4 display reversible 2e− oxidation and reduction waves, which consist of two closely spaced (50 – 70 mV) 1e− events. This redox behavior is consistent with the frontier molecular orbitals calculated for BB3 and BB4 and indicates that the 2,2’-bipyridine spacer of each bpy- BODIPY homologue does not facilitate efficient electronic communication between the tethered indacene units. In the presence of a coreactant such as tri-n-propylamine (TPA) or benzoyl peroxide (BPO), BB3 and BB4 exhibit strong ECL and produce spectra that are very similar to their corresponding photoluminescence profiles. The ECL signal obtained under annihilation conditions, however, is significantly different and is characterized by two distinct bands. One of these bands is centered at ~570 nm and is attributed to emission via an S- or T-route. The second band, occurs at longer wavelengths and is centered around ~740 nm. The shape and concentration dependence of this long-wavelength ECL signal is not indicative of emission from an excimer or aggregate, but rather is suggests that a new emissive species is formed from the bpy-BODIPY luminophores during the annihilation process. PMID:23980850

Validation of α-Synuclein as a CSF Biomarker for Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease.

PubMed

Llorens, Franc; Kruse, Niels; Karch, André; Schmitz, Matthias; Zafar, Saima; Gotzmann, Nadine; Sun, Ting; Köchy, Silja; Knipper, Tobias; Cramm, Maria; Golanska, Ewa; Sikorska, Beata; Liberski, Pawel P; Sánchez-Valle, Raquel; Fischer, Andre; Mollenhauer, Brit; Zerr, Inga

2018-03-01

The analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers gains importance in the differential diagnosis of prion diseases. However, no single diagnostic tool or combination of them can unequivocally confirm prion disease diagnosis. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-based immunoassays have demonstrated to achieve high diagnostic accuracy in a variety of sample types due to their high sensitivity and dynamic range. Quantification of CSF α-synuclein (a-syn) by an in-house ECL-based ELISA assay has been recently reported as an excellent approach for the diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), the most prevalent form of human prion disease. In the present study, we validated a commercially available ECL-based a-syn ELISA platform as a diagnostic test for correct classification of sCJD cases. CSF a-syn was analysed in 203 sCJD cases with definite diagnosis and in 445 non-CJD cases. We investigated reproducibility and stability of CSF a-syn and made recommendations for its analysis in the sCJD diagnostic workup. A sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 97% were achieved when using an optimal cut-off of 820 pg/mL a-syn. Moreover, we were able to show a negative correlation between a-syn levels and disease duration suggesting that CSF a-syn may be a good prognostic marker for sCJD patients. The present study validates the use of a-syn as a CSF biomarker of sCJD and establishes the clinical and pre-analytical parameters for its use in differential diagnosis in clinical routine. Additionally, the current test presents some advantages compared to other diagnostic approaches: it is fast, economic, requires minimal amount of CSF and a-syn levels are stable along disease progression.

Evaluation of a 15-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in an Adult Rhesus Macaque Immunogenicity Model

PubMed Central

Xie, Jinfu; Kaufhold, Robin; Mcguinness, Debra; Zhang, Yuhua; Smith, William; Giovarelli, Cecelia; Winters, Michael; Musey, Luwy; Kosinski, Michael; Skinner, Julie

2017-01-01

Abstract Background Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a leading cause of a variety of diseases, including bacteremia, meningitis, and pneumonia, among older adults in the United States. Immunization with pneumococcal vaccines is an effective way to prevent these diseases. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity of 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV15) in adult rhesus macaques. Methods Animals were intramuscularly immunized with PNEUMOVAX® 23 and PCV15 vaccine (5 animals/group) and sera were collected before immunization and 30, 60, and 90 days after the immunization. Sera were assayed using multiplexed electrochemiluminescent (ECL) assays to measure serotype-specific IgG antibodies to all vaccine serotypes and multiplexed opsonophagocytic killing assays (MOPA) to measure functional antibody responses to 15 vaccine serotypes. Results At day 30 post immunization, 16 out of the 23 serotypes in PNEUMOVAX 23 groups induced statistically significant higher ECL titers compared with pre bleed, ranging from 1.6-fold (19A) to 28.3-fold (15B). Compared with PNEUMOVAX 23, PCV15 induced much higher ECL titers. Thirteen out of the 15 serotypes in PCV15 groups induced statistically significant higher ECL titers compared with pre bleed, ranging from 7.4-fold (14) to 47.3-fold (4). The ECL antibody titers gradually decreased from day 30 to day 90 for both groups. We also compared the functional MOPA titers of the day 30 sera compared with pre bleed for 15 vaccine serotypes. Out of the 14 common vaccine serotypes, 7 serotypes in the PNEUMOVAX 23 immunized macaques had a >4 fold increase in MOPA titer, ranging from 4-fold (22F) to 3902-fold (33F) and 11 serotypes in the PCV15 immunized macaques had a >4-fold increase in MOPA titer, ranging from 6.3-fold (23F) to 4445-fold (7F). Twelve out of the 14 common serotypes in PCV15 group had higher MOPA titers compared with the PNEUMOVAX 23 group, although they didn’t reach statistical significance due to high variability. Conclusion These data demonstrate that a single dose of PCV15 is highly immunogenic in adult rhesus macaques and has better immunogenicity for most common serotypes compared with PNEUMOVAX 23. However, PNEUMOVAX 23 offers broader serotype coverage with 9 additional serotypes contained in the vaccine. Disclosures J. Xie, Merck & Co. Inc: Employee, Salary; R. Kaufhold, Merck & Co. Inc: Employee, Salary; D. Mcguinness, Merck & Co. Inc: Employee, Salary; Y. Zhang, Merck & Co. Inc.: Employee, Salary; W. Smith, Merck & Co. Inc.: Employee, Salary; C. Giovarelli, Merck & Co. Inc.: Employee, Salary; M. Winters, Merck & Co. Inc: Employee, Salary; L. Musey, Merck & Co. Inc: Employee, Salary; M. Kosinski, Merck & Co. Inc: Employee, Salary; J. Skinner, Merck & Co. Inc: Employee, Salary

Family Factors and Student Outcomes. PRGS Dissertation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Xia, Nailing

2010-01-01

There is considerable debate about the relative importance of family versus school factors in producing academic and nonacademic student outcomes, and whether and how their impacts vary across different student groups. In addition to critically reviewing and synthesizing earlier work, this study extends the literature by (a) using the ECLS-K, a…

Instructional Approaches in Kindergarten: What Works for Whom?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chiatovich, Tara; Stipek, Deborah

2016-01-01

This study used ECLS-K 1998-1999 data to evaluate whether specific kindergarten teaching practices predicted school-year learning gains differently, depending on children's ethnicity, SES, and fall test scores. Exploratory factor analyses guided the creation of four literacy and five math instruction composites from teachers' reports of their…

Acculturation and weight change in Asian-American children: Evidence from the ECLS-K:2011

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Despite relatively low rates of overweight and obesity among Asian-American children, disparities exist based on acculturation, socioeconomic status, and Asian ethnicity. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between acculturation and weight change in Asian-American children. Seco...

School-Level Contextual Effects of Parent Involvement on Children's Achievement during Elementary Grades

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oh, Yoonkyung

2012-01-01

This study used the ECLS-K to examine the contextual influences of parent involvement on children's achievement growth in reading and math during elementary grades. The study used Rasch models and HLM measurement models to develop reliable and valid constructs of parent involvement both at the student and at the school level. Piecewise linear…

Children's Elicitation of Changes in Parenting during the Early Childhood Years

PubMed Central

Ansari, Arya; Crosnoe, Robert

2015-01-01

Using a subsample of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (ECLS-B; n = 1,550), this study identified parents who engaged in more developmentally problematic parenting—in the form of low investment, above average television watching, and use of spanking—when their children were very young (M = 24.41 months, SD = 1.23) but changed their parenting in more positive directions over time. Latent profile analysis and other techniques revealed that parents who demonstrated less optimal parenting behaviors when their children were 2 years old were more likely to be African American, from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, and experiencing greater depressive symptoms. Approximately half of such parents, however, made positive changes in their parenting practices, with 5% in the profile characterized by high investment and low use of spanking by the time that their children were in elementary school. These positive changes in parenting behavior were more likely to occur among parents whose children were already demonstrating early reading skills and less problem behavior. These potential “child effects”, suggesting that children elicited improvements in parenting, were more pronounced among higher income families but did not vary according to parents’ educational attainment. Findings from this study have important implications for intervention programs, suggesting that children's academic and behavioral skills can be leveraged as one means of facilitating positive parenting. PMID:26124539

Teachers' perceptions of students' mathematics proficiency may exacerbate early gender gaps in achievement.

PubMed

Robinson-Cimpian, Joseph P; Lubienski, Sarah Theule; Ganley, Colleen M; Copur-Gencturk, Yasemin

2014-04-01

A recent wave of research suggests that teachers overrate the performance of girls relative to boys and hold more positive attitudes toward girls' mathematics abilities. However, these prior estimates of teachers' supposed female bias are potentially misleading because these estimates (and teachers themselves) confound achievement with teachers' perceptions of behavior and effort. Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-1999 (ECLS-K), Study 1 demonstrates that teachers actually rate boys' mathematics proficiency higher than that of girls when conditioning on both teachers' ratings of behavior and approaches to learning as well as past and current test scores. In other words, on average girls are only perceived to be as mathematically competent as similarly achieving boys when the girls are also seen as working harder, behaving better, and being more eager to learn. Study 2 uses mediation analysis with an instrumental-variables approach, as well as a matching strategy, to explore the extent to which this conditional underrating of girls may explain the widening gender gap in mathematics in early elementary school. We find robust evidence suggesting that underrating girls' mathematics proficiency accounts for a substantial portion of the development of the mathematics achievement gap between similarly performing and behaving boys and girls in the early grades. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved.

Living and Working in Space

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roman, Monserrate C.

2000-01-01

This document is a presentation about some of the challenges of living and working in space. The presentation shows slides of the Apollo 11 liftoff, Skylab in orbit, a Space Shuttle launch, and a slide of the International Space Station. It reviews the needs and effluents of the astronauts per day, and the Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) systems. It shows a flow diagram of the Space Station Regenerative ECLS, which shows the various systems, and how they interact to control the environment and recycle the air, and water. There are other slides some of which show astronauts eating, brushing teeth, shaving, and sipping from a sip bottle while exercising.

International Space Station Environmental Control and Life Support System Status: 2009 - 2010

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, David E.; Dake, Jason R.; Gentry, Gregory J.

2010-01-01

The International Space Station (ISS) Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) system includes regenerative and non -regenerative technologies that provide the basic life support functions to support the crew, while maintaining a safe and habitable shirtsleeve environment. This paper provides a summary of the U.S. ECLS system activities over the past year, covering the period of time between March 2009 and February 2010. The ISS continued permanent crew operations, with the start of Phase 3 of the ISS Assembly Sequence and an increase of the ISS crew size from three to six. Work continues on the last of the Phase 3 pressurized elements.

International Space Station Environmental Control and Life Support System Status: 2014-2015

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, David E.; Gentry, Gregory J.

2015-01-01

The International Space Station (ISS) Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) system includes regenerative and non-regenerative technologies that provide the basic life support functions to support the crew, while maintaining a safe and habitable shirtsleeve environment. This paper provides a summary of the U.S. ECLS system activities over the past year and the impacts of the international partners' activities on them, covering the period of time between March 2014 and February 2015. The ISS continued permanent crew operations including the continuation of six crew members being on ISS. Work continues on the commercial crew vehicles, and work to try and extend ISS service life.

International Space Station Environmental Control and Life Support System Status: 2009 - 2010

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, David E.; Dake, Jason R.; Gentry, Gregory J.

2009-01-01

The International Space Station (ISS) Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) system includes regenerative and non-regenerative technologies that provide the basic life support functions to support the crew, while maintaining a safe and habitable shirtsleeve environment. This paper provides a summary of the U.S. ECLS system activities over the past year, covering the period of time between March 2009 and February 2010. The ISS continued permanent crew operations, with the start of Phase 3 of the ISS Assembly Sequence and an increase of the ISS crew size from three to six. Work continues on the last of the Phase 3 pressurized elements.

International Space Station Environmental Control and Life Support System Status: 2010 - 2011

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, David E.; Gentry, Gregory J.

2010-01-01

The International Space Station (ISS) Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) system includes regenerative and non-regenerative technologies that provide the basic life support functions to support the crew, while maintaining a safe and habitable shirtsleeve environment. This paper provides a summary of the U.S. ECLS system activities over the past year, covering the period of time between March 2010 and February 2011 and the continued permanent presence of six crew members on ISS. Work continues on the last of the Phase 3 pressurized elements, commercial cargo resupply vehicles, and extension of the ISS service life from 2015 to 2020 or beyond.

A novel microRNA assay with optical detection and enzyme-free DNA circuits

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liao, Yuhui; Zhou, Xiaoming

2014-09-01

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in the significant processes of life course, can be used as quantificational biomarkers for cellular level researches and related diseases. Conventional methods of miRNAs' quantitative detection are obsessed with low sensitivity, time and labour consuming. Otherwise, the emerging miRNAs detection approaches are mostly exposed to the expensive equipment demands and the professional operation, remains at the stage of laboratory and concept demonstration phase. Herein, we designed a novel miRNAs detection platform that based on enzyme-free DNA circuits and electrochemical luminescence (ECL). MicroRNA21 was chosen as the ideal analyte of this platform. The whole process consists of enzyme-free DNA circuits and ECL signal giving-out steps, achieves advantages of operating in constant temperature condition, without the participation of the enzyme, preferable sensitivity and specificity. Through this approach, the sensitivity achieved at 10pM. It is indicated that this miRNAs detection platform possesses potentials to be an innovation of miRNA detection technologies in routine tests. Benefits of the high penetration of ECL in well-equipped medical establishment, this approach could greatly lessen the obstacles in process of popularization and possess excellent prospects of practical application.

3D-Printed Supercapacitor-Powered Electrochemiluminescent Protein Immunoarray

PubMed Central

Kadimisetty, Karteek; Mosa, Islam M.; Malla, Spundana; Satterwhite-Warden, Jennifer E.; Kuhns, Tyler; Faria, Ronaldo C.; Lee, Norman H.; Rusling, James F.

2015-01-01

Herein we report a low cost, sensitive, supercapacitor-powered electrochemiluminescent (ECL) protein immunoarray fabricated by an inexpensive 3-dimensional (3D) printer. The immunosensor detects three cancer biomarker proteins in serum within 35 min. The 3D-printed device employs hand screen printed carbon sensors with gravity flow for sample/reagent delivery and washing. Prostate cancer biomarker proteins, prostate specific antigen (PSA), prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and platelet factor-4 (PF-4) in serum were captured on the antibody-coated carbon sensors followed by delivery of detection-antibody-coated Ru(bpy)32+ (RuBPY)-doped silica nanoparticles in a sandwich immunoassay. ECL light was initiated from RuBPY in the silica nanoparticles by electrochemical oxidation with tripropylamine (TPrA) co-reactant using supercapacitor power and ECL was captured with a CCD camera. The supercapacitor was rapidly photo-recharged between assays using an inexpensive solar cell. Detection limits were 300–500 fg mL−1 for the 3 proteins in undiluted calf serum. Assays of 6 prostate cancer patient serum samples gave good correlation with conventional single protein ELISAs. This technology could provide sensitive onsite cancer diagnostic tests in resource-limited settings with the need for only moderate-level training. PMID:26406460

Metabolic Toxicity Screening Using Electrochemiluminescence Arrays Coupled with Enzyme-DNA Biocolloid Reactors and Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

PubMed Central

Hvastkovs, Eli G.; Schenkman, John B.; Rusling, James F.

2012-01-01

New chemicals or drugs must be guaranteed safe before they can be marketed. Despite widespread use of bioassay panels for toxicity prediction, products that are toxic to a subset of the population often are not identified until clinical trials. This article reviews new array methodologies based on enzyme/DNA films that form and identify DNA-reactive metabolites that are indicators of potentially genotoxic species. This molecularly based methodology is designed in a rapid screening array that utilizes electrochemiluminescence (ECL) to detect metabolite-DNA reactions, as well as biocolloid reactors that provide the DNA adducts and metabolites for liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. ECL arrays provide rapid toxicity screening, and the biocolloid reactor LC-MS approach provides a valuable follow-up on structure, identification, and formation rates of DNA adducts for toxicity hits from the ECL array screening. Specific examples using this strategy are discussed. Integration of high-throughput versions of these toxicity-screening methods with existing drug toxicity bioassays should allow for better human toxicity prediction as well as more informed decision making regarding new chemical and drug candidates. PMID:22482786

Homogeneous and label-free electrochemiluminescence aptasensor based on the difference of electrostatic interaction and exonuclease-assisted target recycling amplification.

PubMed

Ni, Jiancong; Yang, Weiqiang; Wang, Qingxiang; Luo, Fang; Guo, Longhua; Qiu, Bin; Lin, Zhenyu; Yang, Huanghao

2018-05-15

The difference of electrostatic interaction between free Ru(phen) 3 2+ and Ru(phen) 3 2+ embedded in double strand DNA (dsDNA) to the negatively charged indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode has been applied to develop a homogeneous and label-free electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor for the first time. Ochratoxin A (OTA) has been chosen as the model target. The OTA aptamer is first hybridized with its complementary single strand DNA (ssDNA) to form dsDNA and then interacted with Ru(phen) 3 2+ via the grooves binding mode to form dsDNA-Ru(phen) 3 2+ complex, which remains negatively charged feature as well as low diffusion capacity to the negatively charged ITO electrode surface owing to the electrostatic repulsion. Meanwhile, the intercalated Ru(phen) 3 2+ in the grooves of dsDNA works as an ECL signal reporter instead of the labor-intensive labeling steps and can generate much more ECL signal than that from the labeling probe. In the presence of target, the aptamer prefers to form an aptamer-target complex in lieu of dsDNA, which induces the releasing of Ru(phen) 3 2+ from the dsDNA-Ru(phen) 3 2+ complex into the solution. With the assistance of RecJ f exonuclease (a ssDNA specific exonuclease), the released ssDNA and the aptamer in the target-complex were digested into mononucleotides. In the meantime, the target can be also liberated from OTA-aptamer complex and induce target cycling and large amount of free Ru(phen) 3 2+ present in the solution. Since Ru(phen) 3 2+ contains positive charges, which can diffuses easily to the ITO electrode surface because of electrostatic attraction, causing an obviously enhanced ECL signal detected. Under the optimal conditions, the enhanced ECL of the system has a linear relationship with the OTA concentration in the range of 0.01-1.0 ng/mL with a detection limit of 2 pg/mL. This innovative system not only expands the immobilization-free sensors in the electrochemiluminescent fields, but also can be developed for the detection of different targets easily with the same strategy by changing the aptamer used. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ligand Entry and Exit Pathways in the β2-adrenergic Receptor

PubMed Central

Wang, Ting; Duan, Yong

2009-01-01

The recently determined crystal structure of the human β2-adrenergic (β2AR) G-protein coupled receptor provides an excellent structural basis for exploring β2AR -ligand binding and dissociation process. Based on this crystal structure, we simulated ligand exit from the β2AR receptor by applying the random acceleration molecular dynamics (RAMD) simulation method. The simulation results showed that the extracellular opening on the receptor surface was the most frequently observed egress point (referred to as pathway A) and a few other pathways through inter-helical clefts were also observed with significantly lower frequencies. In the egress trajectories along pathway A, the D192-K305 salt bridge between the extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) and the apex of the transmembrane helix 7 (TM7) was exclusively broken. The spatial occupancy maps of the ligand computed from the 100 RAMD simulation trajectories indicated that the receptor-ligand interactions that restrained the ligand in the binding pocket were the major resistance encountered by the ligand during exit and no second barrier was notable. We next performed RAMD simulations by using a putative ligand-free conformation of the receptor as input structure. This conformation was obtained in a standard MD simulation in the absence of the ligand and it differed from the ligand-bound conformation in a hydrophobic patch bridging ECL2 and TM7 due to the rotation of F193 of ECL2. Results from the RAMD simulations with this putative ligand-free conformation suggest that the cleft formed by the hydrophobic bridge, TM2, TM3 and TM7 on the extracellular surface likely serves as a more specific ligand-entry site and the ECL2-TM7 hydrophobic junction can be partially interrupted upon the entry of ligand that pushes F193 to rotate, resulting in a conformation as observed in the ligand-bound crystal structure. These results may help design β2AR-targeting drugs with improved efficacy as well as understand the receptor subtype-selectivity of ligand binding in the β family of the adrenergic receptors that share almost identical ligand-binding pockets but show notable amino acid sequence divergence in the putative ligand-entry site, including ECL2 and the extracellular end of TM7. PMID:19665031

The Late-type Eclipsing Binaries in the Large Magellanic Cloud: Catalog of Fundamental Physical Parameters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Graczyk, Dariusz; Pietrzyński, Grzegorz; Thompson, Ian B.; Gieren, Wolfgang; Pilecki, Bogumił; Konorski, Piotr; Villanova, Sandro; Górski, Marek; Suchomska, Ksenia; Karczmarek, Paulina; Stepień, Kazimierz; Storm, Jesper; Taormina, Mónica; Kołaczkowski, Zbigniew; Wielgórski, Piotr; Narloch, Weronika; Zgirski, Bartłomiej; Gallenne, Alexandre; Ostrowski, Jakub; Smolec, Radosław; Udalski, Andrzej; Soszyński, Igor; Kervella, Pierre; Nardetto, Nicolas; Szymański, Michał K.; Wyrzykowski, Łukasz; Ulaczyk, Krzysztof; Poleski, Radosław; Pietrukowicz, Paweł; Kozłowski, Szymon; Skowron, Jan; Mróz, Przemysław

2018-06-01

We present a determination of the precise fundamental physical parameters of 20 detached, double-lined, eclipsing binary stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) containing G- or early K-type giant stars. Eleven are new systems; the remaining nine are systems already analyzed by our team for which we present updated parameters. The catalog results from our long-term survey of eclipsing binaries in the Magellanic Clouds suitable for high-precision determination of distances (the Araucaria Project). The V-band brightnesses of the systems range from 15.4 to 17.7 mag, and their orbital periods range from 49 to 773 days. Six systems have favorable geometry showing total eclipses. The absolute dimensions of all eclipsing binary components are calculated with a precision of better than 3%, and all systems are suitable for a precise distance determination. The measured stellar masses are in the range 1.4 to 4.6 M ⊙, and comparison with the MESA isochrones gives ages between 0.1 and 2.1 Gyr. The systems show an age–metallicity relation with no evolution of metallicity for systems older than 0.6 Gyr, followed by a rise to a metallicity maximum at age 0.5 Gyr and then a slow metallicity decrease until 0.1 Gyr. Two systems have components with very different masses: OGLE LMC-ECL-05430 and OGLE LMC-ECL-18365. Neither system can be fitted by a single stellar evolution isochrone, explained by a past mass transfer scenario in the case of ECL-18365 and a gravitational capture or hierarchical binary merger scenario in the case of ECL-05430. The longest-period system, OGLE LMC SC9_230659, shows a surprising apsidal motion that shifts the apparent position of the eclipses. This is a clear sign of a physical companion to the system; however, neither investigation of the spectra nor light-curve analysis indicates a third-light contribution larger than 2%–3%. In one spectrum of OGLE LMC-ECL-12669, we noted a peculiar dimming of one of the components by 65% well outside of the eclipses. We interpret this observation as arising from an extremely rare occultation event, as a foreground Galactic object covers only one component of an extragalactic eclipsing binary.

An electrochemiluminescence assay for analysis of rabies virus glycoprotein content in rabies vaccines

PubMed Central

Smith, Todd G.; Ellison, James A.; Ma, Xiaoyue; Kuzmina, Natalia; Carson, William C.; Rupprecht, Charles E.

2015-01-01

Vaccine potency testing is necessary to evaluate the immunogenicity of inactivated rabies virus (RABV) vaccine preparations before human or veterinary application. Currently, the NIH test is recommended by the WHO expert committee to evaluate RABV vaccine potency. However, numerous disadvantages are inherent concerning cost, number of animals and biosafety requirements. As such, several in vitro methods have been proposed for the evaluation of vaccines based on RABV glycoprotein (G) quality and quantity, which is expected to correlate with vaccine potency. In this study an antigen-capture electrochemiluminescent (ECL) assay was developed utilizing anti-RABV G monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to quantify RABV G. One MAb 2-21-14 was specific for a conformational epitope so that only immunogenic, natively-folded G was captured in the assay. A second MAb (62-80-6) that binds a linear epitope or MAb 2-21-14 was used for detection of RABV G. Vaccine efficacy was also assessed in vivo using pre-exposure vaccination of mice. Purified native RABV G induced a RABV neutralizing antibody (rVNA) response with a geometric mean titer of 4.2 IU/ml and protected 100% of immunized mice against RABV challenge, while an experimental vaccine with a lower quality and quantity of G induced a rVNA titer <0.05 IU/ml and protected <50% of immunized mice. These preliminary results support the hypothesis that in vivo immunogenicity may be predicted from the in vitro measurement of RABV G using an ECL assay. Based upon these results, the ECL assay may have utility in replacement of the NIH test. PMID:23742991

An Exploration of Students' Science Learning Interest Related to Their Cognitive Anxiety, Cognitive Load, Self-Confidence and Learning Progress Using Inquiry-Based Learning With an iPad

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hong, Jon-Chao; Hwang, Ming-Yueh; Tai, Kai-Hsin; Tsai, Chi-Ruei

2017-12-01

Based on the cognitive-affective theory, the present study designed a science inquiry learning model, predict-observe-explain (POE), and implemented it in an app called "WhyWhy" to examine the effectiveness of students' science inquiry learning practice. To understand how POE can affect the cognitive-affective learning process, as well as the learning progress, a pretest and a posttest were given to 152 grade 5 elementary school students. The students practiced WhyWhy during six sessions over 6 weeks, and data related to interest in learning science (ILS), cognitive anxiety (CA), and extraneous cognitive load (ECL) were collected and analyzed through confirmatory factor analysis with structure equation modeling. The results showed that students with high ILS have low CA and ECL. In addition, the results also indicated that students with a high level of self-confidence enhancement showed significant improvement in the posttest. The implications of this study suggest that by using technology-enhanced science learning, the POE model is a practical approach to motivate students to learn.

Maternal employment and overweight among Hispanic children of immigrants and children of natives.

PubMed

Baker, Elizabeth; Balistreri, Kelly Stamper; Van Hook, Jennifer

2009-06-01

This research examines the relationship between maternal employment and child overweight among fifth grade Hispanic and non-Hispanic white children. Data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Kindergarten (ECLS-K) cohort fifth grade sample (N = 4,360) were analyzed. OLS regression models were estimated predicting percentile BMI as a function of maternal employment, ethnicity, parental nativity status, income, and the interactions of employment, ethnicity/nativity, and income. Among Hispanic children of immigrants, maternal employment is associated with lower percentile BMI and this association strengthens at higher levels of income. Among Hispanic children of natives and non-Hispanic whites, maternal employment is beneficial (i.e. associated with lower percentile BMI) among low-income children but detrimental among high-income children, but this pattern is significantly greater in strength for Hispanics than non-Hispanic whites. Thus, maternal employment is associated with worse health outcomes only in the case of Hispanic children of natives, and maternal employment is associated with the best outcomes for Hispanic children of mothers from high-income families. We speculate that among children of immigrants, maternal employment may signify and/or accelerate assimilation towards middle- or upper-class American values of healthy weight and body size. Diet, meal regularity and supervision, and childcare did not mediate the relationship between maternal employment and overweight.

Maternal Employment and Overweight Among Hispanic Children of Immigrants and Children of Natives

PubMed Central

Balistreri, Kelly Stamper; Van Hook, Jennifer

2012-01-01

This research examines the relationship between maternal employment and child overweight among fifth grade Hispanic and non-Hispanic white children. Data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Kindergarten (ECLS-K) cohort fifth grade sample (N = 4,360) were analyzed. OLS regression models were estimated predicting percentile BMI as a function of maternal employment, ethnicity, parental nativity status, income, and the interactions of employment, ethnicity/nativity, and income. Among Hispanic children of immigrants, maternal employment is associated with lower percentile BMI and this association strengthens at higher levels of income. Among Hispanic children of natives and non-Hispanic whites, maternal employment is beneficial (i.e. associated with lower percentile BMI) among low-income children but detrimental among high-income children, but this pattern is significantly greater in strength for Hispanics than non-Hispanic whites. Thus, maternal employment is associated with worse health outcomes only in the case of Hispanic children of natives, and maternal employment is associated with the best outcomes for Hispanic children of mothers from high-income families. We speculate that among children of immigrants, maternal employment may signify and/or accelerate assimilation towards middle- or upper-class American values of healthy weight and body size. Diet, meal regularity and supervision, and childcare did not mediate the relationship between maternal employment and overweight. PMID:17963041

Academic and Social Functioning Associated with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Latent Class Analyses of Trajectories from Kindergarten to Fifth Grade.

PubMed

DuPaul, George J; Morgan, Paul L; Farkas, George; Hillemeier, Marianne M; Maczuga, Steve

2016-10-01

Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are known to exhibit significantly lower academic and social functioning than other children. Yet the field currently lacks knowledge about specific impairment trajectories experienced by children with ADHD, which may constrain early screening and intervention effectiveness. Data were analyzed from a nationally representative U.S. cohort in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-1999 (ECLS-K) for 590 children (72.7 % male) whose parents reported a formal diagnosis of ADHD. Children's math, reading, and interpersonal skills were assessed at 5 time points between kindergarten and fifth grade. Growth mixture model analyses indicated 4 latent trajectory classes for reading, 8 classes for math, and 4 classes for interpersonal skills. Membership in reading and math trajectory classes was strongly related; overlaps with interpersonal skills classes were weaker. Trajectory class membership was correlated with demographic characteristics and behavioral functioning. Children with ADHD display substantial heterogeneity in their reading, math, and interpersonal growth trajectories, with some groups of children especially likely to display relatively severe levels of academic and social impairment over time. Early screening and intervention to address impairment, particularly reading difficulties, among kindergarten students with ADHD is warranted.

Determinants of father involvement with young children: Evidence from the ECLS-B

PubMed Central

Planalp, Elizabeth M.; Braungart-Rieker, Julia M.

2015-01-01

The current study used data from the ECLS-B to explore determinants of resident father involvement. Families (N=2900) were measured at three time points (9-months, 2 years, and 4 years of age). Father, mother, and child factors were examined in relation to father caregiving and play. Latent change score models indicated that fathers engaged in more caregiving and play behaviors and increased at a faster rate when they more strongly identified with their role as a father. Fathers engaged in more caregiving when mothers reported higher depressive symptoms and increased in play more slowly when marital conflict was higher. In addition, a mother depressive symptoms X marital conflict interaction emerged indicating that fathers differed in their levels of caregiving depending on mothers’ report of depressive symptoms but only when marital conflict was low. Fathers also increased in caregiving at a faster rate with girls than boys. A comprehensive framework for examining resident father involvement is presented. PMID:26437143

Structure of the full-length glucagon class B G protein-coupled receptor

PubMed Central

Zhang, Haonan; Qiao, Anna; Yang, Dehua; Yang, Linlin; Dai, Antao; de Graaf, Chris; Reedtz-Runge, Steffen; Dharmarajan, Venkatasubramanian; Zhang, Hui; Han, Gye Won; Grant, Thomas D.; Sierra, Raymond G.; Weierstall, Uwe; Nelson, Garrett; Liu, Wei; Wu, Yanhong; Ma, Limin; Cai, Xiaoqing; Lin, Guangyao; Wu, Xiaoai; Geng, Zhi; Dong, Yuhui; Song, Gaojie; Griffin, Patrick R.; Lau, Jesper; Cherezov, Vadim; Yang, Huaiyu; Hanson, Michael A.; Stevens, Raymond C.; Zhao, Qiang; Jiang, Hualiang; Wang, Ming-Wei; Wu, Beili

2017-01-01

The human glucagon receptor (GCGR) belongs to the class B G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family and plays a key role in glucose homeostasis and the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Here we report the 3.0 Å crystal structure of full-length GCGR containing both extracellular domain (ECD) and transmembrane domain (TMD) in an inactive conformation. The two domains are connected by a 12-residue segment termed the ‘stalk’, which adopts a β-strand conformation, instead of forming an α-helix as observed in the previously solved structure of GCGR-TMD. The first extracellular loop (ECL1) exhibits a β-hairpin conformation and interacts with the stalk to form a compact β-sheet structure. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange, disulfide cross-linking and molecular dynamics studies suggest that the stalk and ECL1 play critical roles in modulating peptide ligand binding and receptor activation. These insights into the full-length GCGR structure deepen our understanding about the signaling mechanisms of class B GPCRs. PMID:28514451

Flexible High Speed Codec (FHSC)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Segallis, G. P.; Wernlund, J. V.

1991-01-01

The ongoing NASA/Harris Flexible High Speed Codec (FHSC) program is described. The program objectives are to design and build an encoder decoder that allows operation in either burst or continuous modes at data rates of up to 300 megabits per second. The decoder handles both hard and soft decision decoding and can switch between modes on a burst by burst basis. Bandspreading is low since the code rate is greater than or equal to 7/8. The encoder and a hard decision decoder fit on a single application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) chip. A soft decision applique is implemented using 300 K emitter coupled logic (ECL) which can be easily translated to an ECL gate array.

International Space Station Environmental Control and Life Support System Status: 2011-2012

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, David E.; Dake, Jason R.; Gentry, Gregory J.

2011-01-01

The International Space Station (ISS) Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) system includes regenerative and non-regenerative technologies that provide the basic life support functions to support the crew, while maintaining a safe and habitable shirtsleeve environment. This paper provides a summary of the U.S. ECLS system activities over the past year and the impacts of the international partners activities on them, covering the period of time between March 2011 and February 2012. The ISS continued permanent crew operations including the continuation of six crew members being on ISS. Work continues on the commercial cargo resupply vehicles, and work to try and extend ISS service life from 2015 to no later than 2028. 1

International Space Station Environmental Control and Life Support System Status for the Prior Year: 2011 - 2012

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, David E.; Dake, Jason R.; Gentry, Gregory J

2013-01-01

The International Space Station (ISS) Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) system includes regenerative and non-regenerative technologies that provide the basic life support functions to support the crew, while maintaining a safe and habitable shirtsleeve environment. This paper provides a summary of the U.S. ECLS system activities over the prior year, covering the period of time between March 2011 and February 2012. The ISS continued permanent crew operations including the continuation of six crew members being on ISS. Work continues on the last of the Phase 3 pressurized elements, the commercial cargo resupply vehicles, and work to try and extend ISS service life from 2015 to at least 2028.

International Space Station Environmental Control and Life Support System Previous Year Status for 2013 - 2014

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, David E.; Gentry, Gregory J.

2015-01-01

The International Space Station (ISS) Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) system includes regenerative and non-regenerative technologies that provide the basic life support functions to support the crew, while maintaining a safe and habitable shirtsleeve environment. This paper provides a summary of the U.S. ECLS system activities over the past year and the impacts of the international partners' activities on them, covering the period of time between March 2013 and February 2014. The ISS continued permanent crew operations including the continuation of six crew members being on ISS. Work continues on the commercial crew vehicles, and work to try and extend ISS service life.

Detection of ricin in food using electrochemiluminescence-based technology.

PubMed

Garber, Eric A E; O'Brien, Thomas W

2008-01-01

Ricin is a toxic ribosome inactivating protein (RIP-II) present in beans of the castor plant, Ricinus communis. Its potential as a biodefense threat has made the rapid, sensitive detection of ricin in food important to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Samples of juice, dairy products, soda, vegetables, bakery products, chocolate, and condiments were spiked with varying concentrations of ricin and analyzed using a 96-well format, electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassay. Assay configurations included the use of a monoclonal capture antibody coupled with either a polyclonal or monoclonal detector antibody. The samples and detector antibodies were either added sequentially or in combination during the capture step. Using the polyclonal antibody, 0.04 ng/mL ricin was detected in analytical samples prepared from several beverages. By simultaneously incubating the sample with detector antibody, it was possible to decrease the assay time to a single 20 min incubation step with a limit of detection <10 ng/mL. Assays run according to this single incubation step exhibited a hook effect (decrease in signal at high concentrations of ricin), but because of the large signal-to-noise ratio associated with the ECL assay, the response remained above background and detectable. Thus, the ECL assay was uniquely suited for the screening of samples for ricin.

BiCMOS circuit technology for a 704 MHz ATM switch LSI

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ohtomo, Yusuke; Yasuda, Sadayuki; Togashi, Minoru; Ino, Masayuki; Tanabe, Yasuyuki; Inoue, Jun-Ichi; Nogawa, Masafumi; Hino, Shigeki

1994-05-01

This paper describes BiCMOS level-converter circuits and clock circuits that increase VLSI interface speed to 1 GHz, and their application to a 704 MHz ATM switch LSI. An LSI with high speed interface requires a BiCMOS multiplexer/demultiplexer (MUX/DEMUX) on the chip to reduce internal operation speed. A MUX/DEMUX with minimum power dissipation and a minimum pattern area can be designed using the proposed converter circuits. The converter circuits, using weakly cross-coupled CMOS inverters and a voltage regulator circuit, can convert signal levels between LCML and positive CMOS at a speed of 500 MHz. Data synchronization in the high speed region is ensured by a new BiCMOS clock circuit consisting of a pure ECL path and retiming circuits. The clock circuit reduces the chip latency fluctuation of the clock signal and absorbs the delay difference between the ECL clock and data through the CMOS circuits. A rerouting-Banyan (RRB) ATM switch, employing both the proposed converter circuits and the clock circuits, has been fabricated with 0.5 micron BiCMOS technology. The LSI, composed of CMOS 15 K gate LOGIC, 8 Kb RAM, 1 Kb FIFO and ECL 1.6 K gate LOGIC, achieved an operation speed of 704-MHz with power dissipation of 7.2 W.

Determination of malachite green in fish based on magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer extraction followed by electrochemiluminescence.

PubMed

Huang, Baomei; Zhou, Xibin; Chen, Jing; Wu, Guofan; Lu, Xiaoquan

2015-09-01

A novel procedure for selective extraction of malachite green (MG) from fish samples was set up by using magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIP) as the solid phase extraction material followed by electrochemiluminescence (ECL) determination. MMIP was prepared by using Fe3O4 magnetite as magnetic component, MG as template molecule, methacrylic acid (MAA) as functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as crosslinking agent. MMIP was characterized by SEM, TEM, FT-IR, VSM and XRD. Leucomalachite green (LMG) was oxidized in situ to MG by 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ). And then MMIP was successfully used to selectively enrich MG from fish samples. Adsorbed MG was desorbed and determined by ECL. Under the optimal conditions, calibration curve was good linear in the range of 0.29-290 μg/kg and the limit of detection (LOD) was 7.3 ng/kg (S/N=3). The recoveries of MMIP extraction were 77.1-101.2%. In addition, MMIP could be regenerated. To the best of our knowledge, MMIP coupling with ECL quenching of Ru(bpy)3(2+)/TPA for the determination of MG has not yet been developed. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

3D-printed supercapacitor-powered electrochemiluminescent protein immunoarray.

PubMed

Kadimisetty, Karteek; Mosa, Islam M; Malla, Spundana; Satterwhite-Warden, Jennifer E; Kuhns, Tyler M; Faria, Ronaldo C; Lee, Norman H; Rusling, James F

2016-03-15

Herein we report a low cost, sensitive, supercapacitor-powered electrochemiluminescent (ECL) protein immunoarray fabricated by an inexpensive 3-dimensional (3D) printer. The immunosensor detects three cancer biomarker proteins in serum within 35 min. The 3D-printed device employs hand screen printed carbon sensors with gravity flow for sample/reagent delivery and washing. Prostate cancer biomarker proteins, prostate specific antigen (PSA), prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and platelet factor-4 (PF-4) in serum were captured on the antibody-coated carbon sensors followed by delivery of detection-antibody-coated Ru(bpy)3(2+) (RuBPY)-doped silica nanoparticles in a sandwich immunoassay. ECL light was initiated from RuBPY in the silica nanoparticles by electrochemical oxidation with tripropylamine (TPrA) co-reactant using supercapacitor power and ECL was captured with a CCD camera. The supercapacitor was rapidly photo-recharged between assays using an inexpensive solar cell. Detection limits were 300-500f gmL(-1) for the 3 proteins in undiluted calf serum. Assays of 6 prostate cancer patient serum samples gave good correlation with conventional single protein ELISAs. This technology could provide sensitive onsite cancer diagnostic tests in resource-limited settings with the need for only moderate-level training. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

An ultrasensitive sandwich type electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for triiodothyronine detection using silver nanoparticle-decorated graphene oxide as a nanocarrier.

PubMed

Chou, Hung-Tao; Fu, Chien-Yu; Lee, Chi-Young; Tai, Nyan-Hwa; Chang, Hwan-You

2015-09-15

An ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor was constructed to detect 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3). The system employed T3-conjugated, silver nanoparticle-decorated carboxylic graphene oxide (Ag@fGO-T3) as a carrier and anti-T3 antibody-tris(2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)3(2+)) as a probe. The Ag@fGO-T3 and Ru(bpy)3(2+) complex could be mobilized rapidly to the anode in the reaction chamber through electrophoresis. The fGO is reduced electrochemically at the electrode, and the electrons could transfer from an anode to the Ru(bpy)3(2+). The complex is excited at the electrode and an ECL signal is produced upon reacting with tripropylamine (TPrA). Because of its large surface area and excellent conductivity, Ag@fGO could enhance ECL signal significantly in the system. Quantitative measurement of T3 could be achieved in the range from 0.1 pg/mL to 0.8 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.05 pg/mL. In addition, the novel immunosensor showed good specificity in the presence of serum, indicating its high potential in clinical use. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Interhospital air transport of a blind patient on extracorporeal life support with consecutive and successful left ventricular assist device implantation.

PubMed

Bauer, Adrian; Schaarschmidt, Jan; Grosse, F Oliver; Al Alam, Nidal; Hausmann, Harald; Krämer, Klaus; Strüber, Martin; Mohr, Friedrich W

2014-06-01

The use of extracorporeal life support systems (ECLS) in patients with postcardiotomy low cardiac output syndrome (LCO) as a bridge to recovery and bridge to implantation of ventricular assist device (VAD) is common nowadays. A 59-year-old patient with acute myocardial infarction received a percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting of the circumflex artery. During catheterization of the left coronary artery (LAD), the patient showed ventricular fibrillation and required defibrillation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. After implantation of an intra-aortic balloon pump, the patient immediately was transmitted to the operating room. He received emergency coronary artery bypass grafting in a beating heart technique using pump-assisted minimal extracorporeal circulation circuit (MECC). Two bypass grafts were performed to the LAD and the right posterior descending artery. Despite initial successful weaning off cardiopulmonary bypass with high-dose inotropic support, the patient presented postcardiotomy LCO and an ECLS was implanted. The primary setup of the heparin-coated MECC system was modified and used postoperatively. As a result of the absence of an in-house VAD program, the patient was switched to a transportable ECLS the next day and was transferred by helicopter to the nearest VAD center where the patient received a successful insertion of a left VAD 3 days later.

Multienzyme decorated polysaccharide amplified electrogenerated chemiluminescence biosensor for cytosensing and cell surface carbohydrate profiling.

PubMed

Zhang, Ling; Wang, Yangzhong; Tian, Qianqian; Liu, Yang; Li, Jinghong

2017-03-15

A novel ECL biosensor for cytosensing and cell surface carbohydrate expression evaluation was developed, by the integration of the peptide modified interface for highly specific carbohydrate recognition and sodium alginate loaded glucose oxidase as the signal probe with high signal amplification efficiency. A cysteine-terminated peptide self-assembled on the electrode through Au-S bond to construct a functional interface for cell capture, with decent biocompatibility and high affinity for the human breast cancer cell MCF-7. Concanavalin A lectin modified gold nanoparticles specifically recognized the cell surface carbohydrates and were absorbed on the electrode, followed by the immobilization of multiple glucose oxidase conjugated sodium alginate, which could remarkably increase the sensitivity of the biosensor with enhanced catalysis. The as-proposed ECL cytosensor was successfully applied for the detection of the MCF-7 tumor cells, whose glycans on the cell membranes are over-expressed. A low detection limit of 150cellsmL -1 was obtained, with a wide dynamic linear range from 5.0×10 2 to 5.0×10 5 cellsmL -1 . Due to the excellent sensitivity, stability and biocompatibility, the ECL biosensor would be promising in reliable diagnostics of glycan relevant biomarkers for cancer and other diseases. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Highly sensitive electrochemiluminescent immunosensor based on gold nanoparticles-functionalized zinc oxide nanorod and poly(amidoamine)-graphene for detecting brombuterol.

PubMed

Zhu, Qing; Cai, Fudong; Zhang, Jing; Zhao, Kang; Deng, Anping; Li, Jianguo

2016-12-15

β-adrenergic agonists (β-agonists) recognized as a growth promoter will reflect the health of human. Sensitive detection of β-agonists in foodstuff is valuable for the health of animals and human. A novel ultrasensitive competition-type electrochemiluminescent (ECL) immunosensor was developed for detecting brombuterol (Brom) based on CdTe Quantum dot (QDs) and polyamidoamine dendrimer (PAMAM, G2) modified graphene oxide (GO) (CdTe QDs-PAMAM-GO composite) as bioprobe for the first time. The surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was coated with AuNPs-ZnO NRs composite film as the platform, which facilitated the electronic transmission rate to enhance the ECL intensity and provide enough active sites for capturing antibody. The resulting ECL immunosensor enabled the real samples detection of Brom with a lower detection limit of 0.3pgmL(-1) (S/N=3) and a wider linear range from 0.001 to 500ngmL(-1). The proposed immunosensor coupled with the excellent advantages of CdTe QDs-PAMAM-GO and AuNPs-ZnO NRs composite displayed high sensitivity and long-term stability, and provided an approach for determining other important biomarkers. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A sensitive electrochemiluminescent biosensor based on AuNP-functionalized ITO for a label-free immunoassay of C-peptide.

PubMed

Liu, Xiang; Fang, Chen; Yan, Jilin; Li, Huiling; Tu, Yifeng

2018-05-23

The C-peptide is a co-product of pancreatic β-cells during insulin secretion; its content in body fluid is closely related to diabetes. This paper reports an immune-sensing strategy for a simple and effective assay of C-peptide based on label-free electrochemiluminescent (ECL) signaling, with high sensitivity and specificity. The basal electrode was constructed of an indium tin oxide (ITO) glass as a conductive substrate, which was decorated by Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) with hydrolysed (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane as the linker. The characteristics of the fabricated electrode were investigated by electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. After immobilizing the C-peptide antibody, which takes great advantage of AuNPs' binding capacity, this immunosensor can quantify C-peptide using luminol as the ECL probe. By measuring ECL inhibition, calibration can be established to report the C-peptide concentration between 0.05 ng mL -1 and 100 ng mL -1 with a detection limit of 0.0142 ng mL -1 . As a proof of concept, the proposed strategy is a promising and versatile platform for the clinical diagnosis, classification, and research of diabetes. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Pathobiology and management of hypergastrinemia and the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

PubMed

Hirschowitz, B I

1992-01-01

Gastrin is both stimulatory and trophic to the cells of the gastric fundus--parietal and peptic cells, and enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells which are major intermediaries of the gastrin effect. Gastrin (from the antrum) and acid (from the fundus) represent the interactive positive and negative limbs of a feedback loop. The nature and extent of sub-loops, perhaps involving the vagus, acetylcholine, histamine, and other peptides and cell products are at present unclear or unknown. Loss of either gastrin or acid has predictable consequences. Absent acid, as in pernicious anemia or as a result of omeprazole, leads to hypergastrinemia. In rats, such hypergastrinemia (gastrin > 1,000 pg/ml) causes fundic ECL hyperplasia and, eventually, carcinoids; in humans with pernicious anemia, hypergastrinemia causes ECL-cell hyperplasia, which may progress to carcinoids that are reversible upon withdrawal of gastrin, illustrated by three cases described here. Loss of gastrin by antrectomy for duodenal ulcer leads to fundic involution and marked reduction in basal acid output, maximal acid output, and fundic histamine. An uncontrolled excess of gastrin, as from a gastrinoma outside the negative feedback loop, causes acid and pepsin hypersecretion with upper GI mucosal damage, the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. This paper summarizes the abnormal regulation of gastrin and the biology, natural history, diagnosis, and management of ZE syndrome by medical and surgical means.

Increasing Equity and Achievement in Fifth Grade Mathematics: The Contribution of Content Exposure

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ottmar, Erin R.; Konold, Timothy R.; Berry, Robert Q.; Grissmer, David W.; Cameron, Claire E.

2013-01-01

This study uses a large nationally representative data set (ECLS-K) of 5,181 students to examine the extent to which exposure to content and instructional practice contributes to mathematics achievement in fifth grade. Using hierarchical linear modeling, results suggest that more exposure to content beyond numbers and operations (i.e., geometry,…

Differences in metabolite-mediated toxicity of tamoxifen in rodents versus humans elucidated with DNA/microsome electro-optical arrays and nanoreactors.

PubMed

Zhao, Linlin; Krishnan, Sadagopan; Zhang, Yun; Schenkman, John B; Rusling, James F

2009-02-01

Tamoxifen, a therapeutic and chemopreventive breast cancer drug, was chosen as a model compound because of acknowledged species specific toxicity differences. Emerging approaches utilizing electro-optical arrays and nanoreactors based on DNA/microsome films were used to compare metabolite-mediated toxicity differences of tamoxifen in rodents versus humans. Hits triggered by liver enzyme metabolism were first provided by arrays utilizing a DNA damage end point. The arrays feature thin-film spots containing an electrochemiluminescent (ECL) ruthenium polymer ([Ru(bpy)(2)PVP(10)](2+); PVP, polyvinylpyridine), DNA, and liver microsomes. When DNA damage resulted from reactions with tamoxifen metabolites, it was detected by an increase in light from the oxidation of the damaged DNA by the ECL metallopolymer. The slope of ECL generation versus enzyme reaction time correlated with the rate of DNA damage. An approximate 2-fold greater ECL turnover rate was observed for spots with rat liver microsomes compared to that with human liver microsomes. These results were supported by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of reaction products using nanoreactors featuring analogous films on silica nanoparticles, allowing the direct measurement of the relative formation rate for alpha-(N(2)-deoxyguanosinyl)tamoxifen. We observed 2-5-fold more rapid formation rates for three major metabolites, i.e., alpha-hydroxytamoxifen, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, and tamoxifen N-oxide, catalyzed by rat liver microsomes compared to human liver microsomes. Comparable formation rates were observed for N-desmethyl tamoxifen with rat and human liver microsomes. A better detoxifying capacity for human liver microsomes than rat liver microsomes was confirmed utilizing glucuronyltransferase in microsomes together with UDP-glucuronic acid. Taken together, lower genotoxicity and higher detoxication rates presented by human liver microsomes correlate with the lower risk of tamoxifen in causing liver carcinoma in humans, provided the glucuronidation pathway is active.

Redox Regulation of Cell Contacts by Tricellulin and Occludin: Redox-Sensitive Cysteine Sites in Tricellulin Regulate Both Tri- and Bicellular Junctions in Tissue Barriers as Shown in Hypoxia and Ischemia.

PubMed

Cording, Jimmi; Günther, Ramona; Vigolo, Emilia; Tscheik, Christian; Winkler, Lars; Schlattner, Isabella; Lorenz, Dorothea; Haseloff, Reiner F; Schmidt-Ott, Kai M; Wolburg, Hartwig; Blasig, Ingolf E

2015-11-01

Tight junctions (TJs) seal paracellular clefts in epithelia/endothelia and form tissue barriers for proper organ function. TJ-associated marvel proteins (TAMPs; tricellulin, occludin, marvelD3) are thought to be relevant to regulation. Under normal conditions, tricellulin tightens tricellular junctions against macromolecules. Traces of tricellulin occur in bicellular junctions. As pathological disturbances have not been analyzed, the structure and function of human tricellulin, including potentially redox-sensitive Cys sites, were investigated under reducing/oxidizing conditions at 3- and 2-cell contacts. Ischemia, hypoxia, and reductants redistributed tricellulin from 3- to 2-cell contacts. The extracellular loop 2 (ECL2; conserved Cys321, Cys335) trans-oligomerized between three opposing cells. Substitutions of these residues caused bicellular localization. Cys362 in transmembrane domain 4 contributed to bicellular heterophilic cis-interactions along the cell membrane with claudin-1 and marvelD3, while Cys395 in the cytosolic C-terminal tail promoted homophilic tricellullar cis-interactions. The Cys sites included in homo-/heterophilic bi-/tricellular cis-/trans-interactions contributed to cell barrier tightness for small/large molecules. Tricellulin forms TJs via trans- and cis-association in 3-cell contacts, as demonstrated electron and quantified fluorescence microscopically; it tightens 3- and 2-cell contacts. Tricellulin's ECL2 specifically seals 3-cell contacts redox dependently; a structural model is proposed. TAMP ECL2 and claudins' ECL1 share functionally and structurally similar features involved in homo-/heterophilic tightening of cell-cell contacts. Tricellulin is a specific redox sensor and sealing element at 3-cell contacts and may compensate as a redox mediator for occludin loss at 2-cell contacts in vivo and in vitro. Molecular interaction mechanisms were proposed that contribute to tricellulin's function. In conclusion, tricellulin is a junctional redox regulator for ischemia-related alterations.

Eye Bank-Prepared Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Automated Descemet Membrane Endothelial Grafts.

PubMed

Jardine, Griffin J; Holiman, Jeffrey D; Galloway, Joshua D; Stoeger, Christopher G; Chamberlain, Winston D

2015-07-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the use of a femtosecond laser (FL) in the eye bank preparation of corneas for Descemet membrane (DM) automated endothelial keratoplasty (fDMAEK) and to compare endothelial cell death in graft preparations between fDMAEK, Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK), and DM endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). Twenty cadaveric tissues were used to test the fDMAEK method. A 9.0-mm-diameter lamellar incision was made using the FL with a 6.0-mm perpendicular anterior ring cut that enabled a stromal rim by acting as a venting incision for bubble expansion. DM was pneumodissected off the central 6.0 mm of the tissue. The fDMAEK grafts were trephined and stained with a viability dye, calcein AM. The entire stained endothelial surface was digitally captured and the endothelial cell loss (ECL) was calculated using trainable segmentation software. For comparison, a series of 6 DSEK grafts and 8 DMEK grafts were created and analyzed. Six of 20 tissues (30%) were lost during fDMAEK preparation. In the 14 successful tissues, the average ECL was 30.4% [95% confidence interval (CI), 25.3-35.6] compared with 21.1% (95% CI, 13.2-28.9, P = 0.09) in the 6 DSEK grafts and 22.5% (95% CI, 18.0-27.0, P = 0.04) in the 8 DMEK grafts. FLs are useful in preparing DMAEK tissue at the eye bank and may promote predictable and precise big bubbles and stromal rims. The fDMAEK preparation success improved with experience and laser adjustments. In fDMAEK, the ECL is higher than was previously reported in DMEK and DSEK, likely due to greater tissue manipulation, although not significantly higher than DSEK controls.

Building a Better Neonatal Extracorporeal Life Support Circuit: Comparison of Hemodynamic Performance and Gaseous Microemboli Handling in Different Pump and Oxygenator Technologies.

PubMed

Glass, Kristen; Trivedi, Payal; Wang, Shigang; Woitas, Karl; Kunselman, Allen R; Ündar, Akif

2017-04-01

Neurologic complications during neonatal extracorporeal life support (ECLS) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Gaseous microemboli (GME) in the ECLS circuit may be a possible cause. Advances in neonatal circuitry may improve hemodynamic performance and GME handling leading to reduction in patient complications. This study compared hemodynamic performance and GME handling using two centrifugal pumps (Maquet RotaFlow and Medos Deltastream DP3) and polymethylpentene oxygenators (Maquet Quadrox-iD and Medos Hilite 800LT) in a neonatal ECLS circuit model. The experimental circuit was primed with Lactated Ringer's solution and packed human red blood cells (hematocrit 40%) and arranged in parallel with the RotaFlow and DP3 pump, Quadrox-iD and Hilite oxygenator, and Better-Bladder. Hemodynamic trials evaluating pressure drops and total hemodynamic energy (THE) were conducted at 300 and 500 mL/min at 36°C. GME handling was measured after 0.5 mL of air was injected into the venous line using the Emboli Detection and Classification Quantifier System with unique pump, oxygenator, and Better-Bladder combinations. The RotaFlow pump and Quadrox oxygenator arrangement had lower pressure drops and THE loss at both flow rates compared to the DP3 pump and Hilite oxygenator (P < 0.01). Total GME volume and counts decreased with Better-Bladder at both flow rates with all combinations (P < 0.01). Hemodynamic performance and energy loss were similar in all of the circuit combinations. The Better-Bladder significantly decreased GME. All four combinations of pumps and oxygenators also performed similarly in terms of GME handling. © 2017 International Center for Artificial Organs and Transplantation and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Electrochemiluminescence detection of TNT by resonance energy transfer through the formation of a TNT-amine complex.

PubMed

Qi, Wenjing; Xu, Min; Pang, Lei; Liu, Zhongyuan; Zhang, Wei; Majeed, Saadat; Xu, Guobao

2014-04-14

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a widely used nitroaromatic explosive with significant detrimental effects on the environment and human health. Its detection is of great importance. In this study, both electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-based detection of TNT through the formation of a TNT-amine complex and the detection of TNT through electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (ECRET) are developed for the first time. 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-modified [Ru(phen)3](2+) (phen=1,10-phenanthroline)-doped silica nanoparticles (RuSiNPs) with uniform sizes of (73±3) nm were synthesized. TNT can interact with APTES-modified RuSiNPs through charge transfer from electron-rich amines in the RuSiNPs to the electron-deficient aromatic ring of TNT to form a red TNT-amine complex. The absorption spectrum of this complex overlaps with the ECL spectrum of the APTES-modified RuSiNPs/triethylamine system. As a result, ECL signals of the APTES-modified RuSiNPs/triethylamine system are turned off in the presence of TNT owing to resonance energy transfer from electrochemically excited RuSiNPs to the TNT-amine complex. This ECRET method has been successfully applied for the sensitive determination of TNT with a linear range from 1×10(-9) to 1×10(-6) M with a fast response time within 1 min. The limit of detection is 0.3 nM. The method exhibits good selectivity towards 2,4-dinitrotoluene, p-nitrotoluene, nitrobenzene, phenol, p-quinone, 8-hydroxyquinoline, p-phenylenediamine, K3[Fe(CN)6], Fe(3+), NO3(-), NO2(-), Cr(3+), Fe(2+), Pb(2+), SO3(2-), formaldehyde, oxalate, proline, and glycine. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

A Maraviroc-Resistant HIV-1 with Narrow Cross-Resistance to Other CCR5 Antagonists Depends on both N-Terminal and Extracellular Loop Domains of Drug-Bound CCR5▿

PubMed Central

Tilton, John C.; Wilen, Craig B.; Didigu, Chukwuka A.; Sinha, Rohini; Harrison, Jessamina E.; Agrawal-Gamse, Caroline; Henning, Elizabeth A.; Bushman, Frederick D.; Martin, Jeffrey N.; Deeks, Steven G.; Doms, Robert W.

2010-01-01

CCR5 antagonists inhibit HIV entry by binding to a coreceptor and inducing changes in the extracellular loops (ECLs) of CCR5. In this study, we analyzed viruses from 11 treatment-experienced patients who experienced virologic failure on treatment regimens containing the CCR5 antagonist maraviroc (MVC). Viruses from one patient developed high-level resistance to MVC during the course of treatment. Although resistance to one CCR5 antagonist is often associated with broad cross-resistance to other agents, these viruses remained sensitive to most other CCR5 antagonists, including vicriviroc and aplaviroc. MVC resistance was dependent upon mutations within the V3 loop of the viral envelope (Env) protein and was modulated by additional mutations in the V4 loop. Deep sequencing of pretreatment plasma viral RNA indicated that resistance appears to have occurred by evolution of drug-bound CCR5 use, despite the presence of viral sequences predictive of CXCR4 use. Envs obtained from this patient before and during MVC treatment were able to infect cells expressing very low CCR5 levels, indicating highly efficient use of a coreceptor. In contrast to previous reports in which CCR5 antagonist-resistant viruses interact predominantly with the N terminus of CCR5, these MVC-resistant Envs were also dependent upon the drug-modified ECLs of CCR5 for entry. Our results suggest a model of CCR5 cross-resistance whereby viruses that predominantly utilize the N terminus are broadly cross-resistant to multiple CCR5 antagonists, whereas viruses that require both the N terminus and antagonist-specific ECL changes demonstrate a narrow cross-resistance profile. PMID:20702642

Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Predictors of Survival

PubMed Central

Kim, Dong Hee; Kim, Joon Bum; Jung, Sung-Ho; Choo, Suk Jung; Chung, Cheol Hyun; Lee, Jae Won

2016-01-01

Background The use of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) in the setting of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has shown improved outcomes compared with conventional CPR. The aim of this study was to determine factors predictive of survival in extracorporeal CPR (E-CPR). Methods Consecutive 85 adult patients (median age, 59 years; range, 18 to 85 years; 56 males) who underwent E-CPR from May 2005 to December 2012 were evaluated. Results Causes of arrest were cardiogenic in 62 patients (72.9%), septic in 18 patients (21.2%), and hypovolemic in 3 patients (3.5%), while the etiology was not specified in 2 patients (2.4%). The survival rate in patients with septic etiology was significantly poorer compared with those with another etiology (0% vs. 24.6%, p=0.008). Septic etiology (hazard ratio [HR], 2.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49 to 5.44; p=0.002) and the interval between arrest and ECLS initiation (HR, 1.05 by 10 minutes increment; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.09; p=0.005) were independent risk factors for mortality. When the predictive value of the E-CPR timing for in-hospital mortality was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic curve method, the greatest accuracy was obtained at a cutoff of 60.5 minutes (area under the curve, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.80; p=0.032) with 47.8% sensitivity and 88.9% specificity. The survival rate was significantly different according to the cutoff of 60.5 minutes (p=0.001). Conclusion These results indicate that efforts should be made to minimize the time between arrest and ECLS application, optimally within 60 minutes. In addition, E-CPR in patients with septic etiology showed grave outcomes, suggesting it to be of questionable benefit in these patients. PMID:27525236

Saturated or unsaturated fat supplemented maternal diets influence omental adipose tissue proteome of suckling goat-kids.

PubMed

Restelli, Laura; Marques, Andreia T; Savoini, Giovanni; Invernizzi, Guido; Carisetti, Michela; Lecchi, Cristina; Bendixen, Emoke; Ceciliani, Fabrizio

2017-11-03

The aim of the present study was to investigate how maternal diet can influence the adipose tissue of goat kids. Omental adipose tissue proteomes of goat-kids from mothers fed with diet enriched with stearic acid (ST-kids), fish oil (FO-kids) and standard diets (CTRL) were determined by quantitative iTRAQ 2D-LC-MS/MS analysis. Twenty proteins were found to be differentially expressed in suckling kids' omental adipose tissue. Stearic acid induces changes in a higher number of proteins when compared to fish oil. Eleven proteins, namely AARS, ECl1, PMSC2, CP, HSPA8, GPD1, RPL7, OGDH, RPL24, FGA and RPL5 were decreased in ST-kids only. Four proteins, namely DLST, EEF1G, BCAP31 and RALA were decreased in FO-kids only, and one, NUCKS1, was increased. Four proteins, namely PMSC1, PPIB, TUB5×2 and EIF5A1, were be less abundant in both ST- and FO- kids. Most of the protein whose abundance was decreased in ST kids (10 out of 15) are involved in protein metabolism and catabolism pathways. Qualitative gene expression analysis confirmed that all the proteins identified by mass spectrometry, with the exception of FGA, were produced by adipose tissue. Quantitative gene expression analysis demonstrated that two proteins, namely CP, a minor acute phase protein, and ECl1, involved in fatty acid beta oxidation, were downregulated at mRNA level as well. ECl1 gene expression was downregulated in ST-kids AT as compared to Ctrl-kids and CP was downregulated in both ST- and FO-kids. The present results demonstrate that it is possible to influence adipose goat-kid proteome by modifying the maternal diet. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

An "off-on" electrochemiluminescent biosensor based on DNAzyme-assisted target recycling and rolling circle amplifications for ultrasensitive detection of microRNA.

PubMed

Zhang, Pu; Wu, Xiaoyan; Yuan, Ruo; Chai, Yaqin

2015-03-17

In this study, an off-on switching of a dual amplified electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor based on Pb(2+)-induced DNAzyme-assisted target recycling and rolling circle amplification (RCA) was constructed for microRNA (miRNA) detection. First, the primer probe with assistant probe and miRNA formed Y junction which was cleaved with the addition of Pb(2+) to release miRNA. Subsequently, the released miRNA could initiate the next recycling process, leading to the generation of numerous intermediate DNA sequences (S2). Afterward, bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was immersed into HAuCl4 solution to electrodeposit a Au nanoparticle layer (depAu), followed by the assembly of a hairpin probe (HP). Then, dopamine (DA)-modified DNA sequence (S1) was employed to hybridize with HP, which switching off the sensing system. This is the first work that employs DA to quench luminol ECL signal, possessing the biosensor ultralow background signal. Afterward, S2 produced by the target recycling process was loaded onto the prepared electrode to displace S1 and served as an initiator for RCA. With rational design, numerous repeated DNA sequences coupling with hemin to form hemin/G-quadruplex were generated, which could exhibit strongly catalytic toward H2O2, thus amplified the ECL signal and switched the ON state of the sensing system. The liner range for miRNA detection was from 1.0 fM to 100 pM with a low detection limit down to 0.3 fM. Moreover, with the high sensitivity and specificity induced by the dual signal amplification, the proposed miRNA biosensor holds great potential for analysis of other interesting tumor markers.

Does early paternal involvement predict offspring developmental diagnoses?

PubMed

Jackson, Dylan B; Newsome, Jamie; Beaver, Kevin M

2016-12-01

A long line of research has illustrated that fathers play an important role in the development of their children. Few studies, however, have examined the impact of paternal involvement at the earliest stages of life on developmental diagnoses in childhood. The present study extends this line of research by exploring the possibility that paternal involvement prenatally, postnatally, and at the time of birth may influence offspring risk for various diagnoses in childhood. A quasi-experimental, propensity score matching design was used to create treatment and control groups to assess the relationship between paternal involvement at each stage of development and developmental diagnoses. Approximately 6000 children, and a subsample of fathers, who participated in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS-B). Activity, attention and learning, speech or language, and other diagnoses in early childhood, and overall number of diagnoses at 4years of age. We find no consistent evidence that low paternal involvement prenatally or postnatally increases the risk of various developmental diagnoses by age 4. However, children whose fathers were absent at the time of their birth were at significantly greater risk of incurring various developmental diagnoses, as well as a significantly greater number of developmental diagnoses. The findings expand our understanding of exactly how early paternal influence begins and the specific dimensions of early father behaviors that are related to the risk of various developmental diagnoses. Ultimately, these results have important implications concerning father involvement during the earliest stages of the life course. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

Maternal medical risks during pregnancy and childhood externalizing behavior.

PubMed

Jackson, Dylan B; Vaughn, Michael G

2018-04-25

Research has indicated that maternal health during the prenatal period and at delivery carries far reaching significance for the development of offspring. Even so, the role of the accumulation of maternal medical risks during pregnancy in the development of externalizing behavior during childhood has generally been overlooked. The present study investigates whether the accumulation of maternal medical risks during the prenatal period is positively associated with childhood externalizing behavior, and whether this association is stronger among male offspring. We examined a large, nationally representative sample of children who participated in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS-B). Information concerning maternal medical history, including the presence of a number of medical risks during pregnancy, was obtained through hospital records. A subsample of children with both parent and teacher reports of externalizing behavior during kindergarten was employed in the present study. A greater number of maternal medical risks during pregnancy increased the odds of childhood externalizing behavior across settings, but only among male offspring. The predicted probability of persistent externalizing behavior among males increased from .084 in the absence of maternal medical risks during pregnancy to .241 in the presence of three or more maternal medical risks during pregnancy. Our findings suggest that maternal medical risks during the prenatal period can have far-reaching consequences for the behavioral development of male offspring. Treatment of medical risks among expectant mothers may have the added benefit of reducing the likelihood of childhood externalizing behavior among male progeny. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

External cavity cascade diode lasers tunable from 3.05 to 3.25 μm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Meng; Hosoda, Takashi; Shterengas, Leon; Kipshidze, Gela; Lu, Ming; Stein, Aaron; Belenky, Gregory

2018-01-01

The external cavity tunable mid-infrared emitters based on Littrow configuration and utilizing three stages type-I quantum well cascade diode laser gain elements were designed and fabricated. The free-standing coated 7.5-μm-wide ridge waveguide lasers generated more than 30 mW of continuous wave power near 3.25 μm at 20°C when mounted epi-side-up on copper blocks. The external cavity lasers (ECLs) utilized 2-mm-long gain chips with straight ridge design and anti-/neutral-reflection coated facets. The ECLs demonstrated narrow spectrum tunable operation with several milliwatts of output power in spectral region from 3.05 to 3.25 μm corresponding to ˜25 meV of tuning range.

A novel multi-dimensional absolute distance measurement system using a basic frequency modulated continuous wave radar and an external cavity laser with trilateration metrology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiong, Xingting; Qu, Xinghua; Zhang, Fumin

2018-01-01

We propose and describe a novel multi-dimensional absolute distance measurement system. This system incorporates a basic frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar and an second external cavity laser (ECL). Through the use of trilateration, the system in our paper can provide 3D resolution inherently range. However, the measured optical path length differences (OPD) is often variable in industrial environments and this will causes Doppler effect, which has greatly impact on the measurement result. With using the second ECL, the system can correct the Doppler effect to ensure the precision of absolute distance measurement. Result of the simulation will prove the influence of Doppler effect.

Crew Exploration Vehicle Environmental Control and Life Support Development Status

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lewis, John F.; Barido, Richard; Carrasquillo, Robyn; Cross, Cindy; Peterson, Laurie; Tuan, George

2009-01-01

The Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) is the first crew transport vehicle to be developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in the last thirty years. The CEV is being developed to transport the crew safely from the Earth to the Moon and back again. This year, the vehicle continued to go through design refinements to reduce weight, meet requirements, and operate reliably. Preliminary Design Review was performed and long lead procurement items were started. The design of the Orion Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) system, which includes the life support and active thermal control systems, is progressing through the design stage into manufacturing. This paper covers the Orion ECLS development from April 2009 to April 2010.

Crew Exploration Vehicle Environmental Control and Life Support Ddevelopment Status

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lewis, John F.; Barido, Richard A.; Carrasquillo, Robyn; Cross, Cynthia d.; Rains, Ed; Tuan, George C.

2010-01-01

The Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) is the first crew transport vehicle to be developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in the last thirty years. The CEV is being developed to transport the crew safely from the Earth to the Moon and back again. This year, the vehicle continued to go through design refinements to reduce weight, meet requirements, and operate reliably. Preliminary Design Review was performed and long lead procurement items were started. The design of the Orion Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) system, which includes the life support and active thermal control systems, is progressing through the design stage into manufacturing. This paper covers the Orion ECLS development from April 2009 to April 2010

External cavity cascade diode lasers tunable from 3.05 to 3.25 μm

DOE PAGES

Wang, Meng; Hosoda, Takashi; Shterengas, Leon; ...

2017-09-14

Here, the external cavity tunable mid-infrared emitters based on Littrow configuration and utilizing three stages type-I quantum well cascade diode laser gain elements were designed and fabricated. The free-standing coated 7.5-μm-wide ridge waveguide lasers generated more than 30 mW of continuous wave power near 3.25 μm at 20°C when mounted epi-side-up on copper blocks. The external cavity lasers (ECLs) utilized 2-mm-long gain chips with straight ridge design and anti-/neutral-reflection coated facets. The ECLs demonstrated narrow spectrum tunable operation with several milliwatts of output power in spectral region from 3.05 to 3.25 μm corresponding to ~25 meV of tuning range.

International Space Station Environmental Control and Life Support System Status for the Prior Year: 2010-2011

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, David E.; Dake, Jason R.; Gentry, Gregory J.

2012-01-01

The International Space Station (ISS) Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) system includes regenerative and non-regenerative technologies that provide the basic life support functions to support the crew, while maintaining a safe and habitable shirtsleeve environment. This paper provides a summary of the U.S. ECLS system activities over the prior year, covering the period of time between March 2010 and February 2011. The ISS continued permanent crew operations including the continuation of six crew members being on ISS. Work continues on the last of the Phase 3 pressurized elements, the commercial cargo resupply vehicles, and work to try and extend ISS service life from 2015 to no later than 2028.

International Space Station Environmental Control and Life Support System Status for the Prior Year: 2010 - 2011

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, David E.; Dake, Jason R.; Gentry, Gregory J.

2011-01-01

The International Space Station (ISS) Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) system includes regenerative and non-regenerative technologies that provide the basic life support functions to support the crew, while maintaining a safe and habitable shirtsleeve environment. This paper provides a summary of the U.S. ECLS system activities over the past year, covering the period of time between March 2010 and February 2011. The ISS continued permanent crew operations including the continuation of six crew members being on ISS. Work continues on the last of the Phase 3 pressurized elements, the commercial cargo resupply vehicles, and work to try and extend ISS service life from 2015 to no later than 2028.

Expert-led didactic versus self-directed audiovisual training of confocal laser endomicroscopy in evaluation of mucosal barrier defects.

PubMed

Huynh, Roy; Ip, Matthew; Chang, Jeff; Haifer, Craig; Leong, Rupert W

2018-01-01

 Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) allows mucosal barrier defects along the intestinal epithelium to be visualized in vivo during endoscopy. Training in CLE interpretation can be achieved didactically or through self-directed learning. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of expert-led didactic with self-directed audiovisual teaching for training inexperienced analysts on how to recognize mucosal barrier defects on endoscope-based CLE (eCLE).  This randomized controlled study involved trainee analysts who were taught how to recognize mucosal barrier defects on eCLE either didactically or through an audiovisual clip. After being trained, they evaluated 6 sets of 30 images. Image evaluation required the trainees to determine whether specific features of barrier dysfunction were present or not. Trainees in the didactic group engaged in peer discussion and received feedback after each set while this did not happen in the self-directed group. Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of both groups were compared. Trainees in the didactic group achieved a higher overall accuracy (87.5 % vs 85.0 %, P  = 0.002) and sensitivity (84.5 % vs 80.4 %, P  = 0.002) compared to trainees in the self-directed group. Interobserver agreement was higher in the didactic group (k = 0.686, 95 % CI 0.680 - 0.691, P  < 0.001) than in the self-directed group (k = 0.566, 95 % CI 0.559 - 0.573, P  < 0.001). Confidence (OR 6.48, 95 % CI 5.35 - 7.84, P  < 0.001) and good image quality (OR 2.58, 95 % CI 2.17 - 2.82, P  < 0.001) were positive predictors of accuracy.  Expert-led didactic training is more effective than self-directed audiovisual training for teaching inexperienced analysts how to recognize mucosal barrier defects on eCLE.

The Extracellular Loop 2 (ECL2) of the Human Histamine H4 Receptor Substantially Contributes to Ligand Binding and Constitutive Activity

PubMed Central

Wifling, David; Bernhardt, Günther; Dove, Stefan; Buschauer, Armin

2015-01-01

In contrast to the corresponding mouse and rat orthologs, the human histamine H4 receptor (hH4R) shows extraordinarily high constitutive activity. In the extracellular loop (ECL), replacement of F169 by V as in the mouse H4R significantly reduced constitutive activity. Stabilization of the inactive state was even more pronounced for a double mutant, in which, in addition to F169V, S179 in the ligand binding site was replaced by M. To study the role of the FF motif in ECL2, we generated the hH4R-F168A mutant. The receptor was co-expressed in Sf9 insect cells with the G-protein subunits Gαi2 and Gβ1γ2, and the membranes were studied in [3H]histamine binding and functional [35S]GTPγS assays. The potency of various ligands at the hH4R-F168A mutant decreased compared to the wild-type hH4R, for example by 30- and more than 100-fold in case of the H4R agonist UR-PI376 and histamine, respectively. The high constitutive activity of the hH4R was completely lost in the hH4R-F168A mutant, as reflected by neutral antagonism of thioperamide, a full inverse agonist at the wild-type hH4R. By analogy, JNJ7777120 was a partial inverse agonist at the hH4R, but a partial agonist at the hH4R-F168A mutant, again demonstrating the decrease in constitutive activity due to F168A mutation. Thus, F168 was proven to play a key role not only in ligand binding and potency, but also in the high constitutive activity of the hH4R. PMID:25629160

High Versus Low Blood-Pressure Target in Experimental Ischemic Prolonged Cardiac Arrest Treated with Extra Corporeal Life Support.

PubMed

Fritz, Caroline; Kimmoun, Antoine; Vanhuyse, Fabrice; Trifan, Bogdan Florin; Orlowski, Sophie; Falanga, Aude; Marie, Vanessa; Groubatch, Frederique; Albuisson, Eliane; Tran, N'Guyen; Levy, Bruno

2017-06-01

There is currently no recommendation for the mean arterial pressure target in the particular setting of Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (ECPR) in the first hours following cardiogenic shock complicated by cardiac arrest. This study aimed to assess the effects of two different levels of mean arterial pressure on macrocirculatory, microcirculatory, and metabolic functions. Randomized animal study. University research laboratory. Ventricular fibrillation was induced in 14 male pigs by surgical ligature of the interventricular coronary artery. After 20 min of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Extracorporeal Life Support (ECLS) was initiated to restore circulatory flow. Thereafter, animals were randomly allocated to a high mean arterial pressure group (High-MAP, 80-85 mm Hg) or to a standard mean arterial pressure group (Standard-MAP, 65-70 mm Hg). Assessments conducted at baseline, immediately following and 6 h after ECLS initiation were focused on lactate evolution, amount of infused fluid, and microcirculatory parameters. There was no significant difference between the two groups at the time of ECLS initiation and at 6 h with regard to lactate levels (High-MAP vs. Standard-MAP: 8.8 [6.7-12.9] vs. 9.6 [9.1-9.8] mmol·l, P = 0.779 and 8.9 [4.3-11.1] vs. 3.3 [2.4-11] mmol·l, P = 0.603). Infused fluid volume did not significantly differ between the two groups (4,000 [3,500-12,000] vs. 5,000 [2,500-18,000] mL, P = 0.977). There was also no significant difference between the two groups regarding renal and liver functions, and sublingual capillary microvascular flow index assessed by Sidestream Dark Field imaging. Compared with a standard mean arterial pressure regimen, targeting a high mean arterial pressure in the first hours of an experimental ECPR model did not result in any hemodynamic improvement nor in a decrease in the amount of infused fluid.