Nursery culture impacts cold hardiness in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) seedlings

Treesearch

Anthony S. Davis; Amy L. Ross-Davis; R. Kasten Dumroese

2011-01-01

Success in restoring longleaf pine ecosystems depends on outplanting high-quality longleaf pine seedlings. One important and relatively understudied attribute of seedling quality is cold hardiness. A suite of trials was conducted to investigate the influence of common nursery cultural practices on longleaf pine cold hardiness. Cold hardiness was increased with higher...

The effect of spatially variable overstory on the understory light environment of an open-canopied longleaf pine forest

Treesearch

Michael A. Battaglia; Pu Mou; Brian Palik; Robert J. Mitchell

2002-01-01

Spatial aggregation of forest structure strongly regulates understory light and its spatial variation in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forest ecosystems. Previous studies have demonstrated that light availability strongly influences longleaf pine seedling growth. In this study, the relationship between spatial structure of a longleaf pine...

The Longleaf Pine Ecosystem of the South

Treesearch

Kenneth W. Outcalt

2000-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris P. Mill. [Pinaceae]) was the most prevalent pine type in the southern US Stands of longleaf were also habitat for a vast array of plant species. Decades of timber harvest followed by conversion to agriculture, urban development, or to other pine species, have reduced longleaf dominated areas to less than 5% of its...

Restoring longleaf pine forest ecosystems in the southern U.S

Treesearch

Dale G. Brockway; Kenneth W. Outcalt; Donald J. Tomczak; Everett E. Johnson

2005-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystems are native to nine states of the southern region of the U.S. Longleaf pine can grow on a variety of site types including wet flatwoods and savannas along the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plain, higher droughty sand deposits from the fall line sandhills to the central ridge of Florida (Stout and Marion 1993),...

History and current condition of longleaf pine in the Southern United States

Treesearch

Christopher M. Oswalt; Jason A. Cooper; Dale G. Brockway; Horace W. Brooks; Joan L. Walker; Kristina F. Connor; Sonja N. Oswalt; Roger C. Conner

2012-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) was once one of the most ecologically important tree species in the Southern United States. Longleaf pine and its accompanying forest ecosystems covered vast swaths of the Southern United States, spanning an estimated 92 million acres. Although once one of the most extensive forest ecosystems in North America, only a fraction of...

Ecological forestry, old growth, and birds in the longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystem

Treesearch

R. Todd Engstrom; Richard N. Conner

2006-01-01

Renewed awareness of the longleaf-pine ecosystem and a legal mandate to provide suitable habitat for the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) have generated interest in alternative forms of silviculture in the southeastern United States. Of 110-120 species of birds that occur in longleaf pine woodlands, 26 species (including three that are federally...

Effects of thinning and herbicide application on vertebrate communities in longleaf pine plantations

Treesearch

Kristina J. Brunjes; Karl V. Miller; W. Mark Ford; Timothy B. Harrington; M. Boyd Edwards

2003-01-01

Currently, nearly 98% of the land area once dominated by longleaf pine ecosystems has been converted to other uses. The U.S. Forest Service is replanting logged areas with longleaf pine at the Savannah River Site, New Ellenton, South Carolina, in an effort to restore these ecosystems. To ascertain the effects of various silvicultural management techniques on the...

Repeated fire effects on soil physical properties in two young longleaf pine stands on the west gulf coastal plain

Treesearch

Mary Anne Sword Sayer

2007-01-01

Repeated prescribed fire is a valuable tool for the management of longleaf and loblolly pine. When applied every two to ten years, for example, prescribed fire perpetuates existing longleaf pine ecosystems (Outcalt 1997). Furthermore, the acceptance of fire as a management tool, together with recent improvements in longleaf pine...

The longleaf pine forests of the southeast: requiem or renaissance?

Treesearch

J. Larry Landers; David H. van Lear; William D. Boyer

1995-01-01

Longleaf pine once may have occupied as much as 92 million acres throughout the southeastern United States, making it the most extensive forest ecosystem in North America dominated by a single species. Probably less than 3 million acres now remain, and the survival of this once vast ecosystem is in doubt.Longleaf pine has many favorable attributes that suit it to a...

Longleaf Pine Ecosystem Restoration: The Role of Fire

Treesearch

James P. Barnett

1999-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus pulustris Mill.) ecosystems once occupied over 36 million hectares in the southeastern United States lower coastal plain. These fire-dependent ecosystems dominated a wide range of coastal plain sites, including dry uplands and low, wet flatlands. Today, less than 1.3 million hectares remain, but these ecosystems represent...

Longleaf pine adaptation to fire: is early height growth pattern critical to fire survival?

Treesearch

G. Geoff Wang; Lauren S. Pile; Benjamin O. Knapp; Huifeng Hu

2016-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests are fire-dependent ecosystems because frequent surface fires prevent other species from being recruited into the canopy. The successful recruitment of longleaf pine has been attributed mainly to its unique fire adaptation – the grass stage. It is commonly believed that, while in the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings...

Restoring the longleaf pine ecosystem: The role of fire

Treesearch

James P. Barnett

2002-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) ecosystems once occupied 90 million acres in the southern United States coastal plain. These firedependent ecosystems dominated a wide range of coastal plain sites, including dry uplands and low, wet flatlands. Today, less than 4 million acres remain, but these ecosystems represent significant components of the...

Soil Fungi Respond More Strongly Than Fine Roots to Elevated CO2 in a Model Regenerating Longleaf Pine-Wiregrass Ecosystem

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Increasing atmospheric CO2 will have significant effects on belowground processes which will affect forest structure and function. A model regenerating longleaf pine-wiregrass community [consisting of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris), wiregrass (Aristida stricta), sand post oak (Quescus margaretta),...

Silvicultural treatments for converting loblolly pine to longleaf pine dominance: Effects on resource availability and their relationships with planted longleaf pine seedlings

Treesearch

Huifeng Hu; G.Geoff Wang; Joan L. Walker; Benjamin O. Knapp

2012-01-01

Throughout the southeastern United States, land managers are currently interested in converting loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations to species rich longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) ecosystems. In a 3-year study on moderately well- to well-drained soils of the Lower Coastal Plain in North Carolina, we examined the...

Longleaf Pine Regeneration and Management: An Overstory Overview

Treesearch

William D. Boyer

1997-01-01

Longleaf pine is the key tree in fire-dependent ecosystems long native to the southeastern United States. Once the most extensive forest ecosystem in North America dominated by a single species, it now occupies only a small fraction of its former range. Longleaf has the reputation of being a slow-growing species that is nearly impossible to regenerate and so...

Within-stand variation in understorey vegetation affects fire behaviour in longleaf pine xeric sandhills

Treesearch

Evelyn S. Wenk; G. Geoff Wang; Joan L. Walker

2011-01-01

The frequent fires typical of the longleaf pine ecosystem in the south-eastern USA are carried by live understorey vegetation and pine litter. Mature longleaf pine stands in the xeric sandhills region have a variable understory vegetation layer, creating several fuel complexes at the within-stand scale (20 m2). We identified three fuel complexes...

Influence of deer, cattle grazing and timber harvest on plant species diversity in a longleaf pine bluestem ecosystem

Treesearch

Dale G. Brockway; Clifford E. Lewis

2003-01-01

Despite a recent slowing in the negative historical trend, losses of naturally-regenerated longleaf pine forests currently continue, largely as a result of conversion to plantations of faster growing pine species. Comparing the impacts of type conversion with silvicultural approaches that maintain longleaf pine and ascertaining their interaction with the influence of...

Planning for an uncertain future: Restoration to mitigate water scarcity and sustain carbon sequestration

Treesearch

Steven T. Brantley; James M. Vose; David N. Wear; Larry Band

2018-01-01

The desired future conditions of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) can be described by ecosystem structural characteristics as well as by the provision of ecosystem services. Although the desired structural characteristics of restored longleaf pine ecosystems have been described at length, these characteristics deserve a brief review here because...

Effects of overstory retention, herbicides, and fertilization on sub-canopy vegetation structure and functional group composition in loblolly pine forests restored to longleaf pine

Treesearch

Benjamin O. Knapp; Joan L. Walker; G. Geoff Wang; Huifeng Hu; Robert N.  Addington

2014-01-01

The desirable structure of longleaf pine forests, which generally includes a relatively open canopy of pines, very few woody stems in the mid-story, and a well-developed, herbaceous ground layer, provides critical habitat for flora and fauna and contributes to ecosystem function. Current efforts to restore longleaf pine to upland sites dominated by second-growth...

Effects of fire season on vegetation in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) forests

Treesearch

Bryan T. Mudder; G. Geoff Wang; Joan L. Walker; J. Drew Lanham; Ralph Costa

2010-01-01

Forest managers in the Southeastern United States are interested in the restoration of not only longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) trees, but also the characteristic forest structure and ground-layer vegetation of the longleaf pine ecosystem. Season of burn, fire intensity, and fire frequency are critical components of a fire regime that supports...

Measuring moisture dynamics to predict fire severity in longleaf pine forests.

Treesearch

Sue A. Ferguson; Julia E. Ruthford; Steven J. McKay; David Wright; Clint Wright; Roger Ottmar

2002-01-01

To understand the combustion limit of biomass fuels in a longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) forest, an experiment was conducted to monitor the moisture content of potentially flammable forest floor materials (litter and duff) at Eglin Air Force Base in the Florida Panhandle. While longleaf pine forests are fire dependent ecosystems, a long history of...

Ecological restoration of an old-growth longleaf pine stand utilizing prescribed fire

Treesearch

J. Morgan Varner; John S. Kush; Ralph S. Meldahl

2000-01-01

Ecological restoration using prescribed fire has been underway for 3 years in an uncut, old-growth longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) stand located in south Alabama. The longleaf pine ecosystem requires frequent (once every 1-10 years) surface fire to prevent succesion to later several stages. Before this study began, this stand had not burned in >...

Spatial patterns of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) seedling eastablishment on the croatan national forest, North Carolina

Treesearch

Chadwick R. Avery; Susan Cohen; Kathleen C. Parker; John S. Kush

2004-01-01

Ecological research aimed at determining optimal conditions for longleaf pine regeneration has become increasingly important in efforts @ restore the longleaf pine ecosystem. Numerous authors have concluded that a negative relationship exists between the occurrence of seedlings and the occurrence of mature trees; however, observed field conditions in several North...

Early growth of planted longleaf pine seedlings in relation to light, soil moisture, and soil temperature

Treesearch

Benjamin O. Knapp; G. Geoff Wang; Joan L. Walker

2006-01-01

Drastic reductions in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) acreage have led to an increased focus on regeneration of the longleaf pine ecosystem. Many areas require artificial regeneration for establishment, and site preparation techniques may be implemented to increase regeneration success. The objectives of this study were to determine differences...

Carbon sequestration and natural longleaf pine ecosystem

Treesearch

Ram Thapa; Dean Gjerstad; John Kush; Bruce Zutter

2010-01-01

The Southeastern United States was once dominated by a longleaf pine ecosystem which ranged from Virginia to Texas and covered approximately 22 to 36 million ha. The unique fire tolerant species provided the necessary habitat for numerous plant and animal species. Different seasons of prescribed fire have various results on the ecosystem and the carbon which is stored...

Entropy dynamics in cone production of longleaf pine forests in the southeastern United States

Treesearch

Xiongwen Chen; Dale G. Brockway; Qinfeng Guo

2016-01-01

Sporadic temporal patterns of seed production are a challenge for the regeneration and restoration of longleaf pine, which is a keystone component of an endangered ecosystem in the southeastern United States. In this study, long-term data for longleaf pine cone production, collected at six sites across the southeastern region, was examined from the perspective of...

Restoring fire-adapted forested ecosystems—research in longleaf pine on the Kisatchie National Forest.

Treesearch

James D. Haywood

2007-01-01

Prescribed burning research on the Kisatchie National Forest, Louisiana spanned the last five decades and led to a greater understanding of fire behavior and the importance of burning in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris P. Mill.) forests. Early research found that biennial burning in May favored the growth of longleaf pine seedlings. However, burning...

Longleaf Pine: An Updated Bibliography

Treesearch

John S. Kush; Ralph S. Meldahl; William D. Boyer; Charles K. McMahon

1996-01-01

The longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forest figured prominently in the cultural and economic development of the South. What was once one of the most extensive forest ecosystems in North America has now become critically endangered (6). At the time of European settlement, this ecosystem dominated as much as 92 million acres throughout the...

Overstory mortality and canopy disturbances in longleaf pine ecosystems

Treesearch

Brian J. Palik; Neil Pederson

1996-01-01

We studied longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) ecosystems to determine causes and rates of overstory mortality, size of canopy disturbances, and the effects of disturbance on canopy structure. Further, we used redundancy analysis to relate variation in characteristics of mortality across a landscape to site and stand variables. We analyzed...

Distribution of native Legumes (Leguminoseae) in frequently burned longleaf pine (Pinaceae)-Wiregrass (Poaceae) ecosystems

Treesearch

Mark J. Hainds; Robert J. Mitchell; Brian J. Palik; Lindsay R. Boring; Dean H. Gjerstad

1999-01-01

Legume species distribution and abundance and selected environmental variables were quantified across a complex gradient (varying in both water-holding capacity and fertility) for frequently burned longleaf pine (Pinus palustris)-wiregrass (Aristida stricta) ecosystems. Legumes were present in all months; however, abundance...

Ecosystem carbon stocks in Pinus palustris forests

Treesearch

Lisa Samuelson; Tom Stokes; John R. Butnor; Kurt H. Johnsen; Carlos A. Gonzalez-Benecke; Pete Anderson; Jason Jackson; Lorenzo Ferrari; Tim A. Martin; Wendell P. Cropper

2014-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) restoration in the southeastern United States offers opportunities for carbon (C) sequestration. Ecosystem C stocks are not well understood in longleaf pine forests, which are typically of low density and maintained by prescribed fire. The objectives of this research were to develop allometric equations for...

Longleaf pine growth and yield

Treesearch

John S. Kush; J.C.G. Goelz; Richard A. Williams; Douglas R. Carter; Peter E. Linehan

2006-01-01

Across the historical range of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.), less than 10% of lands previously occupied by longleaf ecosystems are currently in public ownership (Johnson and Gjerstad 1999; Alavalapati et al., this volume). The remainder is owned by private entities ranging from the forest industry, to timberland investment organizations,...

The Longleaf Alliance: A Regional Longleaf Pine Recovery Effort

Treesearch

Dean Gjerstad; Rhett Johnson

2002-01-01

Longleaf pine was once the dominate forest over nearly 70 percent of Alabama, ranging from just south of the Tennessee Valley to the Gulf Coast. Today longleaf represents less than 3 percent of Alabama's forest acreage. However, a dramatic recovery of this most important southern ecosystem is underway with interest and support at an all time high among landowners...

Seed Bank Viability in Disturbed Longleaf Pine Sites

Treesearch

Susan Cohen; Richard Braham; Felipe Sanchez

2004-01-01

Some of the most species-rich areas and highest concentrations of threatened and endangered species in the southeastern United States are found in wet savanna and flatwood longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) communities. Where intensive forestry practices have eliminated much of the natural understory of the longleaf ecosystem, the potential for...

Above- and below-ground growth of longleaf pine in response to three prescribed burning regimes

Treesearch

Mary Ann Sword Sayer; Eric Kuehler

2000-01-01

Maintenance of longleaf pine ecosystems requires repeated fire. Past research has indicated that in some situations, regular burning decreases longleaf pine productivity. Growth reductions may be attributed to fire-induced loss of leaf area. It is possible that the loss of leaf area is a function of both fire intensity and the stage of flush development at the time of...

Impacts of prescribed fire frequency on coarse woody debris volume, decomposition and termite activity in the longleaf pine flatwoods of Florida

Treesearch

James L. Hanula; Michael D. Ulyshen; Dale D. Wade

2012-01-01

Abstract: Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystems have been reduced dramatically throughout their range. Prescribed burning is considered the best way to restore and maintain plant communities associated with longleaf pine, but little is known about its effects on coarse woody debris and associated organisms. We conducted a 5-year study on the...

Soil physical property response to prescribed fire in two young longleaf pine stands on the Western Gulf Coastal Plain

Treesearch

Mary Anne Sword Sayer

2007-01-01

Prescribed fire every 2 to 4 years is an important component of longleaf pine ecosystem restoration. Under some circumstances, repeated fire could change soil physical properties on the Western Gulf Coastal Plain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the soil bulk density, porosity fractions, and plant-available water holding capacity of restored longleaf pine...

Predicting plant species diversity in a longleaf pine landscape

Treesearch

L. Katherine Kirkman; P. Charles Goebel; Brian J. Palik; Larry T. West

2004-01-01

In this study, we used a hierarchical, multifactor ecological classification system to examine how spatial patterns of biodiversity develop in one of the most species-rich ecosystems in North America, the fire-maintained longleaf pine-wiregrass ecosystem and associated depressional wetlands and riparian forests. Our goal was to determine which landscape features are...

Structure and composition of historical longleaf pine ccosystems in Mississippi, USA

Treesearch

Brice B. Hanberry; Keith Coursey; John S. Kush

2018-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) historically was a widespread ecosystem composed of a simple tree canopy and grasslands ground layer. After widespread loss of this ecosystem due to logging and fire exclusion, little quantitative information exists about historical structure for restoration goals. We identified composition in De Soto National Forest and Pearl River...

Restoring longleaf pine forest ecosystems in the southern United States

Treesearch

Dale G. Brockway; Kenneth W. Outcalt; Donald J. Tomczak; E. E. Johnson

2002-01-01

Longleafpine (Pinus palustris) forests were historically one of the most extensive ecosystems in North America, covering 38 million ha along the coastal plain from Texas to Virginia and extending into central Florida and the Piedmont and mountains of Alabama and Georgia. Throughout its domain. longleaf pine occurred in forests, woodlands and savannas...

The longleaf pine forest: trends and current conditions

Treesearch

Kenneth W. Outcalt; Raymond M. Sheffield

1996-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) ecosystems once occupied perhaps as much as 60 million acres in the Southeastern United States (fig. l), stretching from southeastern Virginia south to central Florida and west into eastern Texas (Stout and Marion 1993). These fire-dependent ecosystems covered a wide range of site conditions, from low, wet...

Restoring the ground layer of longleaf pine ecosystems

Treesearch

Joan L. Walker; Andrea M. Silletti

2006-01-01

The longleaf pine ecosystem includes some of the most species-rich plant communities outside of the tropics, and most of that diversity resides in the ground layer vegetation. In addition to harboring many locally endemic and otherwise rare plant species (Peet this volume) and enhancing habitat for the resident fauna (Costa and DeLotelle this volume), the ground layer...

Root disease and other unforeseen variables that confound restoration efforts

Treesearch

William J. Otrosina; Shi-Jean S. Sung; Stanley J. Zarnoch; Brian T. Sullivan; Charles H. Walkinshaw

2002-01-01

Unanticipated disease problems thwarting restoration efforts can emerge in forest ecosystems. An example is the longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) ecosystem. This species once occupied nearly 30 million ha but now its range is reduced to approximately 1.5 million ha. Restoring longleaf pine to many sites in its former range is an important goal...

The vertebrate fauna of Ichauway, Baker County, GA

USGS Publications Warehouse

Smith, L.L.; Steen, D.A.; Stober, J.M.; Freeman, Mary C.; Golladay, S.W.; Conner, L.M.; Cochrane, J.

2006-01-01

Less than 4% of the once extensive Pinus palustris (longleaf pine) ecosystem remains today. Although longleaf pine habitats are recognized for their high species diversity, few published accounts document the vertebrate faunas of remaining tracts. Here we report on the vertebrate species richness of lchauway, an 11,300-ha property in Baker County, GA. The property includes ca. 7300 ha of longleaf pine with native ground cover, along with more than 30 seasonal wetlands and ca. 45 km of riparian habitat associated with Ichawaynochaway Creek, Big Cypress Creek, and the Flint River. The fauna includes 61 species of fish, 31 amphibians, 53 reptiles, 191 birds, and 41 mammals. Despite the relative isolation of the property from other natural ecosystems, the vertebrate fauna of lchauway is remarkably diverse and may offer an example of reference conditions to guide restoration of longleaf pine forests, associated seasonal wetlands, and riparian areas elsewhere in the southeastern U S.

The Development and Validation of an Alternative Assessment to Measure Changes in Understanding of the Longleaf Pine Ecosystem

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dentzau, Michael W.; Martínez, Alejandro José Gallard

2016-01-01

A drawing assessment to gauge changes in fourth grade students' understanding of the essential components of the longleaf pine ecosystem was developed to support an out-of-school environmental education program. Pre- and post-attendance drawings were scored with a rubric that was determined to have content validity and reliability among users. In…

Restoring Longleaf Pine Wiregrass Ecosystems: Hexazinone Application Enhances Effects of Prescribed Fire

Treesearch

Dale G. Brockway; Kenneth W. Outcalt

2000-01-01

A longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystem in the sandhills of north central Florida, upon which turkey oak gained dominance following a wildfire, was treated with applications of hexazinone (1.1 or 2.2 kg/ha) in May 1991. All applications successfully reduced competition from oaks in the overstory and understory (mortality >80%), resulting in progressive increases in...

Involving the public in restoring the role of fire in the longleaf pine ecosystem of Upland Island Wilderness

Treesearch

Brian P. Oswald; Ike McWhorter; Penny. Whisenant

2011-01-01

The 13,250-acre Upland Island Wilderness (UIW) in Texas was established in 1984 and is managed by the United States Forest Service (USFS). Historically, portions of it consisted of open and diverse longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystems which depend on frequent, low-intensity surface fires. As in many other relatively small wilderness areas, the...

Relationship of post-fire ground cover to surface fuel loads and consumption in longleaf pine ecosystems

Treesearch

Andrew T. Hudak; Roger D. Ottmar; Robert E. Vihnanek; Clint S. Wright

2014-01-01

The RxCADRE research team collected multi-scale measurements of pre-, during, and post-fire variables on operational prescribed fires conducted in 2008, 2011, and 2012 in longleaf pine ecosystems in the southeastern USA. Pre- and post-fire surface fuel loads were characterized in alternating pre- and post-fire clip plots systematically established within burn units....

Long-term effects of dormant-season prescribed fire on plant community diversity, structure and productivity in a longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystem

Treesearch

Dale G. Brockway; Clifford E. Lewis

1997-01-01

A flatwoods longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystem, which regenerated naturally following wildfire in 1942, on the Coastal Plain of southern Georgia was treated over a period of four decades with prescribed fire at annual, biennial and triennial intervals during the winter dormant season. Burning caused substantial changes in the understory plant community, with significant...

Longleaf pine agroforestry

Treesearch

Kristina Connor; Rebecca Barlow; Luben Dimov; Mark Smith

2012-01-01

While ecosystem restoration of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests represents a worthy ideal, it is not always a practical alternative for landowners. Agroforestry systems, which can be developed in existing agricultural land, natural forest stands, plantations, or pasturelands, offer the opportunity to provide multiple benefits: high value...

Protecting and restoring longleaf pine forests on the Kisatchie National Forest in Louisiana

Treesearch

James D. Haywood; Michael Elliot-Smith; Finis Harris; Alton Martin

2000-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests once constituted a major ecosystem in the Southern United States stretching from southeastern Virginia south to central Florida and west into East Texas. These forests covered a wide range of site conditions, from wet pine flatwoods to dry mountain slopes. Intensive exploitation reduced the extent of old-...

A Model Describing Growth and Development of Longleaf Pine Plantations: Consequences of Observed Stand Structures of Structure of the Model

Treesearch

J.C.G. Goelz; Daniel J. Leduc

2002-01-01

As longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) may currently represent as little as 1/30th of its former acreage, restoration within its former range in the southern coastal plain is active. Although the focus of these new plantings is aimed at ecosystem restoration, knowledge of the growth and development of longleaf plantations is essential to...

Ecosystem carbon density and allocation across a chronosequence of longleaf pine forests

Treesearch

Lisa J. Samuelson; Thomas A. Stokes; John R. Butnor; Kurt H. Johnsen; Carlos A. Gonzalez-Benecke; Timothy A. Martin; Wendell P. Cropper; Pete H. Anderson; Michael R. Ramirez; John C. Lewis

2017-01-01

Forests can partially offset greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to climate change mitigation, mainly through increases in live biomass. We quantified carbon (C) density in 20 managed longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests ranging in age from 5...

Effects of thinning and herbicide application on vertebrate communities in longleaf pine plantations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brunjes, Kristina J.; Miller, Karl V.; Ford, Mark W.

Currently, nearly 98% of the land area once dominated by longleaf pine ecosystems has been converted to other uses. The U.S. Forest Service is replanting logged areas with longleaf pine at the Savannah River Site, New Ellenton, South Carolina, in an effort to restore these ecosystems. To ascertain the effects of various silvicultural management techniques on the vertebrate communities, we surveyed small mammal, herpetofaunal, and avian communities in six 10- to 13-year-old longleaf pine plantations subjected to various thinning and herbicide regimes. Areas within each plantation were randomly assigned one of four treatments: thinning, herbicide spraying, thinning and herbicide, andmore » an untreated control. For all vertebrate groups, abundance and species diversity tended to be less in the controls than treated areas. Birds and small mammals were most abundant and diverse in thinned treatments versus spray only and control. Herpetofauna capture rates were low and, thus, we were unable to detect treatment-related differences. Silvicultural treatments that reduce hardwood stem density and pine basal area can enhance habitat conditions for numerous vertebrate species.« less

Biogeography: An interweave of climate, fire, and humans

USGS Publications Warehouse

Stambaugh, Michael C.; Varner, J. Morgan; Jackson, Stephen T.

2017-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) is an icon of the southeastern United States and has been considered a foundation species in forests, woodlands, and savannas of the region (Schwarz 1907; Platt 1999). Longleaf pine is an avatar for the extensive pine-dominated, fire-dependent ecosystems (Figure 2.1) that provide habitats for thousands of species and have largely vanished from the landscape. Longleaf pine is one of the world's most resilient and fire-adapted trees (Keeley and Zedler 1998), widely perceived as the sole dominant in forests across a large area of the Southeast (Sargent 1884; Mohr 1896; Wahlenberg 1946). Longleaf pine was once a primary natural resource, providing high-quality timber, resins, and naval stores that fueled social changes and economic growth through the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Silviculture that sustains: the nexus between silviculture, frequent prescribed fire, and conservation of biodiversity in longleaf pine forests of the southeastern United States

Treesearch

R.J. Mitchell; J.K. Hiers; J.J. O' Brien; S.B. Jack; R.T. Engstrom

2006-01-01

The longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forest ecosystem of the US southeastern Coastal Plain, among the most biologically diverse ecosystems in North America, originally covered over 24 x 106 ha but now occupy less than 5% of their original extent. The key factor for sustaining their high levels of diversity is the frequent...

Restoring longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystems: plant cover, diversity and biomass following low-rate hexazinone application on Florida sandhills

Treesearch

Dale G. Brockway; Kenneth W. Outcalt; R. Neal Wilkins

1998-01-01

A longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystem in the sandhills of north central Florida, upon which turkey oak gained dominance following a wildfire, was treated with low rate (1.1 or 2.2 kg/ha) applications of the herbicide hexazinone during the 1991 growing season. All applications successfully reduced oak in the overstory and understory, mortality ranging from 83 to 93...

Effects of spring prescribed fire on short-term, leaf-level photosynthesis and water use efficiency in longleaf pine

Treesearch

John K. Jackson; Dylan N. Dillaway; Michael C. Tyree; Mary Anne Sword Sayer

2015-01-01

Fire is a natural and important environmental disturbance influencing the structure, function, and composition of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) ecosystems. However, recovery of young pines to leaf scorch may involve changes in leaf physiology, which could influence leaf water-use efficiency (WUE). This work is part of a larger seasonal...

The path back: oaks ( Quercus spp.) facilitate longleaf pine ( Pinus palustris ) seedling establishment in xeric sites

Treesearch

E. Louise Loudermilk; J. Kevin Hiers; Scott Pokswinski; Joseph J. O' Brien; Analie Barnett; Robert J. Mitchell

2016-01-01

Understanding plant–plant facilitation is critical for predicting how plant community function will respond to changing disturbance and climate. In longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) ecosystems of the southeastern United States, understanding processes that affect pine reproduction is imperative for conservation efforts that aim to maintain...

Vegetation composition and structure of southern coastal plain pine forests: An ecological comparison

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hedman, C.W.; Grace, S.L.; King, S.E.

2000-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystems are characterized by a diverse community of native groundcover species. Critics of plantation forestry claim that loblolly (Pinus taeda) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii) forests are devoid of native groundcover due to associated management practices. As a result of these practices, some believe that ecosystem functions characteristic of longleaf pine are lost under loblolly and slash pine plantation management. Our objective was to quantify and compare vegetation composition and structure of longleaf, loblolly, and slash pine forests of differing ages, management strategies, and land-use histories. Information from this study will further our understanding and lead to inferences about functional differences among pine cover types. Vegetation and environmental data were collected in 49 overstory plots across Southlands Experiment Forest in Bainbridge, GA. Nested plots, i.e. midstory, understory, and herbaceous, were replicated four times within each overstory plot. Over 400 species were identified. Herbaceous species richness was variable for all three pine cover types. Herbaceous richness for longleaf, slash, and loblolly pine averaged 15, 13, and 12 species per m2, respectively. Longleaf pine plots had significantly more (p < 0.029) herbaceous species and greater herbaceous cover (p < 0.001) than loblolly or slash pine plots. Longleaf and slash pine plots were otherwise similar in species richness and stand structure, both having lower overstory density, midstory density, and midstory cover than loblolly pine plots. Multivariate analyses provided additional perspectives on vegetation patterns. Ordination and classification procedures consistently placed herbaceous plots into two groups which we refer to as longleaf pine benchmark (34 plots) and non-benchmark (15 plots). Benchmark plots typically contained numerous herbaceous species characteristic of relic longleaf pine/wiregrass communities found in the area. Conversely, non-benchmark plots contained fewer species characteristic of relic longleaf pine/wiregrass communities and more ruderal species common to highly disturbed sites. The benchmark group included 12 naturally regenerated longleaf plots and 22 loblolly, slash, and longleaf pine plantation plots encompassing a broad range of silvicultural disturbances. Non-benchmark plots included eight afforested old-field plantation plots and seven cutover plantation plots. Regardless of overstory species, all afforested old fields were low either in native species richness or in abundance. Varying degrees of this groundcover condition were also found in some cutover plantation plots that were classified as non-benchmark. Environmental variables strongly influencing vegetation patterns included agricultural history and fire frequency. Results suggest that land-use history, particularly related to agriculture, has a greater influence on groundcover composition and structure in southern pine forests than more recent forest management activities or pine cover type. Additional research is needed to identify the potential for afforested old fields to recover native herbaceous species. In the interim, high-yield plantation management should initially target old-field sites which already support reduced numbers of groundcover species. Sites which have not been farmed in the past 50-60 years should be considered for longleaf pine restoration and multiple-use objectives, since they have the greatest potential for supporting diverse native vegetation. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.

Longleaf pine regeneration ecology and methods

Treesearch

Dale G. Brockway; Kenneth W. Outcalt; William D. Boyer

2006-01-01

Regenerating longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) is key to its long-term sustainable production of forest resources and its perpetuation as the dominant tree species in a variety of important ecosystems ranging from xeric to mesic to hydric site conditions. Early regeneration to problems and the subsequent efforts to overcome these are significant...

Restoring a legacy: longleaf pine research at the Forest Service Escambia Experimental Forest

Treesearch

Kristina F. Connor; Dale G. Brockway; William D. Boyer

2014-01-01

Longleaf pine ecosystems are a distinct part of the forest landscape in the southeastern USA. These biologically diverse ecosystems, the native habitat of numerous federally listed species, once dominated more than 36.4 million ha but now occupy only 1.4 million ha of forested land in the region. The Escambia Experimental Forest was established in 1947 through a 99-...

Modeling climate change, urbanization, and fire effects on Pinus palustris ecosystems of the southeastern U.S.

USGS Publications Warehouse

Costanza, Jennifer; Terando, Adam J.; McKerrow, Alexa; Collazo, Jaime A.

2015-01-01

Managing ecosystems for resilience and sustainability requires understanding how they will respond to future anthropogenic drivers such as climate change and urbanization. In fire-dependent ecosystems, predicting this response requires a focus on how these drivers will impact fire regimes. Here, we use scenarios of climate change, urbanization and management to simulate the future dynamics of the critically endangered and fire-dependent longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystem. We investigated how climate change and urbanization will affect the ecosystem, and whether the two conservation goals of a 135% increase in total longleaf area and a doubling of fire-maintained open-canopy habitat can be achieved in the face of these drivers. Our results show that while climatic warming had little effect on the wildfire regime, and thus on longleaf pine dynamics, urban growth led to an 8% reduction in annual wildfire area. The management scenarios we tested increase the ecosystem's total extent by up to 62% and result in expansion of open-canopy longleaf by as much as 216%, meeting one of the two conservation goals for the ecosystem. We find that both conservation goals for this ecosystem, which is climate-resilient but vulnerable to urbanization, are only attainable if a greater focus is placed on restoration of non-longleaf areas as opposed to maintaining existing longleaf stands. Our approach demonstrates the importance of accounting for multiple relevant anthropogenic threats in an ecosystem-specific context in order to facilitate more effective management actions.

The social and economic drivers of the southeastern forest landscape

Treesearch

R. Kevin McIntyre; Barrett B. McCall; David N. Wear

2018-01-01

The last quarter century has witnessed an unprecedented resurgence of interest in the management of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) forests, a phenomenon that has been coupled with increased understanding of the ecology, management, and restoration of these ecosystems. As interest in longleaf pine becomes more mainstream among landowners and the...

Structure and regrowth of longleaf pine forests following uneven-aged silviculture and hurricane disturbance at the Escambia Experimental Forest

Treesearch

Kimberly Bohn; Christel Chancy; Dale Brockway

2015-01-01

In recent decades, considerable attention has been placed on restoring and managing longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) ecosystems across the southeastern United States. Although, historically, these forests have been successfully regenerated following even-aged shelterwood reproduction methods, uneven-aged silviculture has received increasing...

Characteristics of gaps and natural regeneration in mature longleaf pine flatwoods ecosystems

Treesearch

Jennifer L. Gagnon; Eric J. Jokela; W.K. Moser; Dudley A. Huber

2004-01-01

Developing uneven-aged structure in mature stands of longleaf pine requires scientifically based silvicultural systems that are reliable, productive and sustainable. Understanding seedling responses to varying levels of site resource availability within forest gaps is essential for effectively converting even-aged stands to uneven-aged stands. A project was initiated...

The ecological classification of coastal wet longleaf pine (pinus palustris) of Florida from reference conditions

Treesearch

George L. McCaskill; Jose. Shibu

2012-01-01

Tropical storms, fire, and urbanization have produced a heavily fragmented forested landscape along Florida’s Gulf coast. The longleaf pine forest, one of the most threatened ecosystems in the US, makes up a major part of this fragmented landscape. These three disturbance regimes have produced a mosaic of differently-aged pine patches of single or two cohort structures...

Restoration of the Native Plant Communities in Longleaf Pine Landscapes on the Kisatchie National Forest, Louisiana

Treesearch

James D. Haywood; Alton Martin; Finis L. Harris; Michael L. Elliott-Smith

1998-01-01

In January 1993, the Kisatchie National Forest and Southern Research Station began monitoring the effects of various management practices on overstory and midstory trees, shrubs, and understory woody and herbaceous vegetation in several longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) stands. The monitoring of these stands is part of several Ecosystem...

Assessing tolerance of longleaf pine understory herbaceous plants to herbicide applications in a container nursery

Treesearch

D. Paul Jackson; Scott A. Enebak; James West; Drew Hinnant

2015-01-01

Renewed efforts in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) ecosystem restoration has increased interest in the commercial production of understory herbaceous species. Successful establishment of understory herbaceous species is enhanced when using quality nursery-grown plants that have a better chance of survival after outplanting. Nursery growing practices have not been...

Modeling silviculture after natural disturbance to sustain biodiversity in the longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystem : balancing complexity and implementation

Treesearch

Brian J. Palik; Robert J. Mitchell; J. Kevin Hiers

2002-01-01

Modeling silviculture after natural disturbance to maintain biodiversity is a popular concept, yet its application remains elusive. We discuss difficulties inherent to this idea, and suggest approaches to facilitate implementation, using longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) as an example. Natural disturbance regimes are spatially and temporally variable. Variability...

Power laws in cone production of longleaf pine across its native range in the United States

Treesearch

Xiongwen Chen; Qinfeng Guo; Dale G. Brockway

2017-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests in the southeastern United States are considered endangered ecosystems, because of their dramatic decrease in area since European colonization and poor rates of recovery related to episodic natural regeneration. Sporadic seed production constrains restoration efforts and complicates sustainable management of this species....

Natural longleaf pine: An overview of stand dynamics

Treesearch

Ralph S. Meldahl; John S. Kush; William D. Boyer; Charles K. McMahon

2002-01-01

Prior to the arrival of settlers to the United States. natural communities dominated by longleaf pine occurred throughout most of the southern Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains. These communities once covered an estimated ninety million acres, or two-thirds of the area in the Southeast. It covered more acreage than any other North American ecosystem dominated by a...

Restoring a disappearing ecosystem: the longleaf pine savanna

Treesearch

Tim Harrington; Karl Miller; Noreen Parks

2013-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) savannas of the southeastern United States contain some of the world’s most diverse plant communities, along with a unique complement of wildlife. Their traditionally open canopy structure and rich understory of grasses and herbs were critical to their vigor. However, a long history of land-use practices such as...

Plant competition, facilitation, and other overstory-understory interactions in longleaf pine ecosystems.

Treesearch

Timothy B. Harrington

2006-01-01

Many of the stand structural characteristics of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests that existed prior to European colonization have been altered or lost from past disturbance histories (Frost this volume). For example, often missing are the widely spaced, large-diameter trees, the all-aged stand structure that included a vigorous cohort...

Patterns and processes: Monitoring and understanding plant diversity in frequently burned longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) landscapes

Treesearch

J. O' Brien; L. Dyer; R. Mitchell; A. Hudak

2013-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystems are remarkably rich in plant species and represent the dominant upland forest type in several southeastern military installations. Management of these forests on installations is critical both to fulfill the military mission and to conserve this unique natural resource. The researchers will couple a series of field experiments...

Influence of residual basal area on longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) first year germination and establishment under selection silviculture

Treesearch

Ferhat Kara; Edward F. Loewenstein

2015-01-01

Even-aged silvicultural methods have been successfully used to manage longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests for wood production; however, successful use of uneven-aged methods to manage this ecosystem is less well documented. In this study, the effects of varying levels of residual basal area (RBA) (9.2, 13.8, and 18.4 m2...

Ecosystem carbon density and allocation across a chronosequence of longleaf pine forests.

PubMed

Samuelson, Lisa J; Stokes, Thomas A; Butnor, John R; Johnsen, Kurt H; Gonzalez-Benecke, Carlos A; Martin, Timothy A; Cropper, Wendell P; Anderson, Pete H; Ramirez, Michael R; Lewis, John C

2017-01-01

Forests can partially offset greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to climate change mitigation, mainly through increases in live biomass. We quantified carbon (C) density in 20 managed longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests ranging in age from 5 to 118 years located across the southeastern United States and estimated above- and belowground C trajectories. Ecosystem C stock (all pools including soil C) and aboveground live tree C increased nonlinearly with stand age and the modeled asymptotic maxima were 168 Mg C/ha and 80 Mg C/ha, respectively. Accumulation of ecosystem C with stand age was driven mainly by increases in aboveground live tree C, which ranged from <1 Mg C/ha to 74 Mg C/ha and comprised <1% to 39% of ecosystem C. Live root C (sum of below-stump C, ground penetrating radar measurement of lateral root C, and live fine root C) increased with stand age and represented 4-22% of ecosystem C. Soil C was related to site index, but not to stand age, and made up 39-92% of ecosystem C. Live understory C, forest floor C, downed dead wood C, and standing dead wood C were small fractions of ecosystem C in these frequently burned stands. Stand age and site index accounted for 76% of the variation in ecosystem C among stands. The mean root-to-shoot ratio calculated as the average across all stands (excluding the grass-stage stand) was 0.54 (standard deviation of 0.19) and higher than reports for other conifers. Long-term accumulation of live tree C, combined with the larger role of belowground accumulation of lateral root C than in other forest types, indicates a role of longleaf pine forests in providing disturbance-resistant C storage that can balance the more rapid C accumulation and C removal associated with more intensively managed forests. Although other managed southern pine systems sequester more C over the short-term, we suggest that longleaf pine forests can play a meaningful role in regional forest C management. © 2016 by the Ecological Society of America.

First look at smoke emissions from prescribed burns in long-unburned longleaf pine forests

Treesearch

Sheryl K. Akagi; Robert J. Yokelson; Ian R. Burling; David R. Weise; James Reardon; Shawn Urbanski; Timothy J. Johnson

2014-01-01

While fire has long played a role in the longleaf pine ecosystem, there are still some stands in the southeastern United States where fire has not been reintroduced and fuels have accumulated for 50 years or more. As part of a larger study examining fuel loading and smoke emissions on Department of Defense installations in the southeastern U.S., fuels and trace...

Influence of long-term dormant-season burning and fire exclusion on ground-dwelling arthropod populations in longleaf pine flatwoods ecosystems

Treesearch

James L. Hanula; Dale D. Wade

2003-01-01

Frequent dormant-season prescribed burns were applied at 1-, 2- and 4-year intervals to longleaf pine stands, Pinus palustris, for over 40 years on the Osceola National Forest in Baker County, Florida. Control plots were unburned for the same period of time. Pitfall traps were operated from November 1994 to October 1999 to measure the short- and long...

The effect of landform and plant size on mortallity and recovery of longleaf pine during a 100-year loog1

Treesearch

Brain J. Palik; William K. Michener; Robert J. Mitchell; Joseph W. Jones

1999-01-01

Unlike annual floods, large floods affect plant species outside of bottomland ecosystems. We know little about the effects of catastrophic floods on upland plants because of the rarity of this type of disturbance. Here we report on mortality and vegetative recovery of upland longleaf pines (Pinus palustris) after a large flood. The flood top-killed most seedlings...

The initial phase of a Longleaf Pine-Wiregrass Savanna restoration: species establishment and community responses.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aschenbach, Todd, A; Foster, Bryan, L.; Imm, Donald, W.

2010-09-01

AbstractAbstract The significant loss of the longleaf pine-wiregrass ecosystem in the southeastern United States has serious implications for biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. In response to this loss, we have initiated a long-term and landscape-scale restoration experiment at the 80,125 ha (310 mi2) Department of Energy Savannah River Site (SRS) located near Aiken, South Carolina. Aristida beyrichiana (wiregrass), an important and dominant grass (i.e., a “matrix” species) of the longleaf pine savanna understory, and 31 other herbaceous “non-matrix” species were planted at six locations throughout SRS in 2002 and 2003. Of the 36,056 transplanted seedlings, 75% were still alive in Junemore » 2004, while mean 1–2 year survival across all planted species was 48%. Lespedeza hirta (hairy lespedeza) exhibited the greatest overall survival per 3 ×3 m cell at 95%, whereas Schizachyrium spp. (little bluestem) exhibited the greatest mean cover among individual species at 5.9%. Wiregrass survival and cover were significantly reduced when planted with non-matrix species. Aggregate cover of all planted species in restored cells averaged 25.9% in 2006. High rates of survival and growth of the planted species resulted in greater species richness (SR), diversity, and vegetative cover in restored cells. Results suggest that the loss of the longleaf pine-wiregrass ecosystem may be ameliorated through restoration efforts and illustrate the positive impact of restoration plantings on biodiversity and vegetative cover.« less

Prioritizing landscapes for longleaf pine conservation

USGS Publications Warehouse

Grand, James B.; Kleiner, Kevin J.

2016-01-01

We developed a spatially explicit model and map, as a decision support tool (DST), to aid conservation agencies creating or maintaining open pine ecosystems. The tool identified areas that are likely to provide the greatest benefit to focal bird populations based on a comprehensive landscape analysis. We used NLCD 2011, SSURGO, and SEGAP data to map the density of desired resources for open pine ecosystems and six focal species of birds and 2 reptiles within the historic range of longleaf pine east of the Mississippi River. Binary rasters were created of sites with desired characteristics such as land form, hydrology, land use and land cover, soils, potential habitat for focal species, and putative source populations of focal species. Each raster was smoothed using a kernel density estimator. Rasters were combined and scaled to map priority locations for the management of each focal species. Species’ rasters were combined and scaled to provide maps of overall priority for birds and for birds and reptiles. The spatial data can be used to identify high priority areas for conservation or to compare areas under consideration for maintenance or creation of open pine ecosystems.

Restoring Aristida stricta to Pinus palustris ecosystems on the Atlantic Coastal Plain, U.S.A.

Treesearch

Kenneth W. Outcalt; Marcus E. Williams; Oghenekome Onokpise

1999-01-01

Aristida stricta (wiregrass), a perennial bunchgrass, quickly accumulates dead leaves, which along with the shed needles of Pinus palustris (longleaf pine) provide the fuel for frequent surface fires. Thus, historically, wiregrass played a key role in many longleaf communities where it significantly...

An Old-Growth Longleaf Standing South Alabama: Study of an Endangered Ecosystem

Treesearch

John S. Kush; Ralph S. Meldahl

1998-01-01

Roland Harper, The State Geographer for Alabama in the first half of this century, wrote in his Economic Botany of Alabama (1928) "longleaf pine might have once been the most abundant tree in the United States and was certainly the most abundant tree in Alabama." He went on to say "longleaf had more uses than any other tree in North America, if not the...

Restoring a disappearing ecosystem: the Longleaf Pine Savanna.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Harrington, Timothy B.; Miller, Karl V.; Park, Noreen

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) savannas of the southeastern United States contain some of the worlds most diverse plant communities, along with a unique complement of wildlife. Their traditionally open canopy structure and rich understory of grasses and herbs were critical to their vigor. However, a long history of land-use practices such as logging, farming, and fire exclusion have reduced this once-widespread ecosystem to only 3 percent of its original range. At six longleaf pine plantations in South Carolina, Tim Harrington with the Pacific Northwest Research Station and collaborators with the Southern Research Station used various treatments (including prescribed burns, treemore » thinning, and herbicide applications) to alter the forest structure and tracked how successful each one was in advancing savanna restoration over a 14-year period. They found that typical planting densities for wood production in plantations create dense understory shade that excludes many native herbaceous species important to savannas and associated wildlife. The scientists found that although tree thinning alone did not result in sustained gains, a combination of controlled burning, thinning, and herbicide treatments to reduce woody plants was an effective strategy for recovering the savanna ecosystem. The scientists also found that these efforts must be repeated periodically for enduring benefits.« less

Associations of breeding birds with fire-influenced and riparian-upland gradients in a longleaf pine ecosystem

USGS Publications Warehouse

Allen, J.C.; Krieger, S.M.; Walters, J.R.; Collazo, J.A.

2006-01-01

We determined the effects of fire history and a riparian-upland gradient on the breeding bird community at Fort Bragg Military Installation in North Carolina, one of the largest remnant areas of the endangered longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystem. Study sites were classified into two treatments: fire-intense (areas experiencing growing-season burns) and fire-suppressed (areas lacking fires). Within each treatment, bird and vegetation data were recorded at point-count stations positioned at three distances from streamhead pocosins to characterize the riparian-upland habitat gradient: 0, 75, and ≥150 m. Total bird abundance and species richness varied significantly along the riparian-upland gradient, with pocosins contributing greatly to avian biodiversity. Our data revealed strong effects of fire history and riparian-upland gradient on bird species, which we described in terms of breeding-bird assemblages. Members of the open longleaf assemblage (e.g., Red- cockaded Woodpecker [Picoides borealis], Bachman's Sparrow [Aimophila aestivalis]) were most common in fire-intense areas and at upland locations. Members of the fire-suppressed assemblage (e.g., Wood Thrush [Hylocichla mustelina], Ovenbird [Seiurus aurocapilla]) were confined to pocosins in fire-intense areas, but became more abundant in fire-suppressed areas. Members of the pocosin assemblage (e.g., Eastern Towhee [Pipilo erythropthalamus], Common Yellowthroat [Geothlypis trichas]) were largely confined to pocosins and, in some cases, were most abundant in fire-intense pocosins. Fire suppression increased structural diversity of vegetation and promoted one breeding-bird assemblage (fire-suppressed), but at the expense of two others (open longleaf, pocosin). Continued management of Fort Bragg to promote longleaf pine restoration is essential for supporting conservation of the open-longleaf bird assemblage; in addition, it will benefit the pocosin assemblage.

Prescribed burning for understory restoration

Treesearch

Kenneth W. Outcalt

2006-01-01

Because the longleaf ecosystem evolved with and is adapted to frequent fire, every 2 to 8 years, prescribed burning is often useful for restoring understory communities to a diverse ground layer of grasses, herbs, and small shrubs. This restoration provides habitat for a number of plant and animal species that are restricted to or found mostly in longleaf pine...

Ecosystem and understory water and energy exchange for a mature, naturally regenerated pine flatwoods forest in north Florida

Treesearch

Thomas L. Powell; Gregory Starr; Kenneth L. Clark; Timothy A. Martin; Henry L. Gholz

2005-01-01

Eddy covariance was used to measure energy fluxes from July 2000 - June 2002 above the tree canopy and above the understory in a mature, naturally regenerated slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) - longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) flatwoods forest. Understory latent energy (eE) and sensible...

Body temperature variations of the Louisiana pine snake (Pituophis ruthveni) in a longleaf pine ecosystem

Treesearch

John G. Himes; Laurence M. Hardy; D. Craig Rudolph; Shirley J. Burgdorf

2006-01-01

The thermal ecology of the Louisiana pine snake, Pituophis ruthveni, was studied from 1993-97 in Louisiana and Texas. All snakes were implanted with temperature-sensitive radiotransmitters. Temperatures were recorded from snakes located above ground and underground and were compared between size and sex classes (juveniles, adult males, adult females). Associated air...

Gap-phase regeneration inlongleaf pine wiregrass ecosystems

Treesearch

D.G. Brockway; K.W. Outcalt

1998-01-01

Naturally regenerated seedlings of longleaf pine are typically observed to cluster in the center of tree fall canopy gaps and be encircled by a wide zone from which they are generally excluded. Twelve representative canopy gaps distributed across 600 ha of a naturally regenerated uneven-agedlongleaf pine forest in the sandhills of north central Florida were examined to...

N2-fixation dynamics during ecosystem recovery in longleaf pine savannas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tierney, J. A.

2016-12-01

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) can alleviate nitrogen (N) deficiencies that inhibit ecosystem recovery. BNF may be particularly important in ecosystems recovering from land-use change and perturbations from fire, as these disturbances can exacerbate N limitation. Here, we investigated how BNF dynamics change throughout ecosystem development in restored longleaf pine savannas, and how BNF responds to fire. We conducted this study in 59 1-ha plots of longleaf pine distributed across gradients of stand age and fire frequency at two sites in the southeastern US. We determined BNF contributions by three functional groups of N2-fixers (herbaceous legumes, biological soil crusts, and asymbiotic N2-fixing bacteria) by quantifying their abundances, assessing nitrogenase activity, and scaling these estimates up to the plot-level. To determine aboveground N demands, we measured tree growth using diameter increments and allometric equations paired with tissue-specific N concentrations. We fit linear models to evaluate the effects of stand age and time since fire on BNF and N demands throughout stand development, and performed separate analyses on mature stands to determine how fire return interval affects BNF. We observed distinct temporal patterns of N2-fixation across stand development among the three groups of N2 fixers. N2-fixation by legumes and asymbiotic bacteria remained low until stands reached maturity, while N2-fixation by biological soil crusts (BSCs) was high in juvenile stands and decreased with stand age. These patterns suggest a compensatory shift in the importance of these functional groups throughout stand development such that contributions from BSCs are critical for meeting N demands when disturbances may hinder the establishment of legumes and asymbiotic bacteria. N2-fixation by BSCs and asymbiotic bacteria throughout stand development was not affected by time since fire, but legume abundance increased the year following fire, suggesting a recovery mechanism provided by this group. Our findings suggest that BSCs are the most important source of new N in the early phases of ecosystem restoration. In contrast, legumes appear to be critical in mature longleaf pine stands that burn frequently, and particularly for supplying new N in the year following a fire event.

Composition a Virgin Stand of Longleaf in South Alabama

Treesearch

John S. Kush; Ralph S. Meldahl

2000-01-01

The Flomaton Natural Area is a virgin stand of longleaf pine located in Escambia County, Alabama. Fire has been absent for at least the past 45 years from the stand. Efforts are underway to restore this fire-dependent ecosystem through the re-introduction of fire. This paper presents data collected in advance of the re-introduction of fire. A substantial hardwood...

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris ) Stand Dynamics: A Regional Longleaf Growth Study

Treesearch

Ralph S. Meldahl; John S. Kush; William D. Boyer

1998-01-01

Objective: Describe and model temporal changes in longleaf pine stand structure. From 1964-1967, the U.S. Forest Service established a regional longleaf pine growth study (RLGS) in the Gulf States. The original objective was to obtain a database for the development of growth and mortality predictions of naturally regenerated, even- aged longleaf pine stands. The...

Restoration of southern ecosystems

Treesearch

John A. Stanturf; Emile S. Gardiner; Kenneth Outcalt; William H. Conner; James M. Guldin

2004-01-01

Restoration of the myriad communities of bottomland hardwood and wetland forests and of the diverse communities of fire-dominated pine forests is the subject of intense interest in the Southern United States. Restoration practice is relatively advanced for bottomland hardwoods and longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.), and less so for swamps and...

Age, composition, and stand structure of old-growth oak sites in the Florida high pine landscape: implications for ecosystem management and restoration

Treesearch

Cathryn H. Greenberg; Robert W. Simons

1999-01-01

The authors sampled tree age, species composition, and stand structure of four high pine sites composed of old-growth sand post oak (Q. margaretta Ashe), old-growth turkey oak (Quercus laevis Walt.), and young longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) in north and central peninsular Florida. The oldest turkey oak...

Land-Use History and Contemporary Management Inform an Ecological Reference Model for Longleaf Pine Woodland Understory Plant Communities.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brudvig, Lars A.; Orrock, John L.; Damschen, Ellen I.

Ecological restoration is frequently guided by reference conditions describing a successfully restored ecosystem; however, the causes and magnitude of ecosystem degradation vary, making simple knowledge of reference conditions insufficient for prioritizing and guiding restoration. Ecological reference models provide further guidance by quantifying reference conditions, as well as conditions at degraded states that deviate from reference conditions. Many reference models remain qualitative, however, limiting their utility. We quantified and evaluated a reference model for southeastern U.S. longleaf pine woodland understory plant communities. We used regression trees to classify 232 longleaf pine woodland sites at three locations along the Atlantic coastal plainmore » based on relationships between understory plant community composition, soils lol(which broadly structure these communities), and factors associated with understory degradation, including fire frequency, agricultural history, and tree basal area. To understand the spatial generality of this model, we classified all sites together. and for each of three study locations separately. Both the regional and location-specific models produced quantifiable degradation gradients–i.e., progressive deviation from conditions at 38 reference sites, based on understory species composition, diversity and total cover, litter depth, and other attributes. Regionally, fire suppression was the most important degrading factor, followed by agricultural history, but at individual locations, agricultural history or tree basal area was most important. At one location, the influence of a degrading factor depended on soil attributes. We suggest that our regional model can help prioritize longleaf pine woodland restoration across our study region; however, due to substantial landscape-to-landscape variation, local management decisions should take into account additional factors (e.g., soil attributes). Our study demonstrates the utility of quantifying degraded states and provides a series of hypotheses for future experimental restoration work. More broadly, our work provides a framework for developing and evaluating reference models that incorporate multiple, interactive anthropogenic drivers of ecosystem degradation.« less

Are we over-managing longleaf pine?

Treesearch

John S. Kush; Rebecca J. Barlow; John C. Gilbert

2012-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) is not loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) or slash pine (Pinus elliottii L.). There is the need for a paradigmatic shift in our thinking about longleaf pine. All too often we think of longleaf as an intolerant species, slow-grower, difficult to regenerate, and yet it dominated the pre...

Marketing and Seedling Distribution of Longleaf Pine Seedlings

Treesearch

Mark J. Hainds

2002-01-01

The Longleaf Alliance, a partnership of people and organizations interested in longleaf pine, started tracking longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedling production in 1996. Total Longleaf seedling production has increased annually from 1996 to 2000. Bareroot seedling production decreased from 1996 to 1997, and decreased again from 1997 to 1998....

Growth of longleaf and loblolly pine planted on South Carolina Sandhill sites.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cram, Michelle, M.; Outcalt, Kenneth, W.; Zarnoch, Stanley, J.

2010-07-01

Performance of longleaf (Pinus palustris Mill.) and loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) were compared 15–19 years after outplanting on 10 different sites in the sandhillsof South Carolina. The study was established from 1988 to 1992 with bareroot seedlings artificially inoculated with Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt) or naturally inoculated with mycorrhizae in the nursery. A containerized longleaf pine treatment with and without Pt inoculation was added to two sites in 1992. Effects of the Pt nursery treatment were mixed, with a decrease in survival of bareroot longleaf pine on two sites and an increase in survival on another site. The containerized longleafmore » pine treatment substantially increased survival, which led to greater volume compared with bareroot longleaf pine. Loblolly pine yielded more volume than longleaf pine on all sites but one, where survival was negatively affected by fire. Depth of sandy surface horizon affected mean annual height growth of both loblolly and longleaf pine. Height growth per year decreased with an increase in sand depth for both species. Multiple regression analysis of volume growth(ft3/ac per year) for both species indicated a strong relationship to depth of sandy soil and survival. After 15–19 years, loblolly pine has been more productive than longleaf pine, although longleaf pine productivity may be equal to or greater than that of loblolly pine on the soils with the deepest sandy surface layers over longer rotations.« less

Frequent Prescribed Burning as a Long-term Practice in Longleaf Pine Forests Does Not Affect Detrital Chemical Composition.

PubMed

Coates, T Adam; Chow, Alex T; Hagan, Donald L; Wang, G Geoff; Bridges, William C; Dozier, James H

2017-09-01

The O horizon, or detrital layer, of forest soils is linked to long-term forest productivity and health. Fuel reduction techniques, such as prescribed fire, can alter the thickness and composition of this essential ecosystem component. Developing an understanding of the changes in the chemical composition of forest detritus due to prescribed fire is essential for forest managers and stakeholders seeking sustainable, resilient, and productive ecosystems. In this study, we evaluated fuel quantity, fuel structure, and detrital chemical composition in longleaf pine ( Miller) forests that have been frequently burned for the last 40 yr at the Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center in Georgetown, SC. Our results suggest that frequent prescribed fire reduces forest fuel quantity ( < 0.01) and vertical structure ( = 0.01). Using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry as a molecular technique to analyze detrital chemical composition, including aromatic compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, we found that the chemical composition of forest detritus was nearly uniform for both unburned and burned detritus. Our burning activities varied in the short term, consisting of annual dormant, annual growing, and biennial dormant season burns. Seasonal distinctions were present for fuel quantity and vertical fuel structure, but these differences were not noted for the benzene/phenol ratio. These results are significant as more managers consider burning existing longleaf stands while determining effective management practices for longleaf stands yet to be established. Managers of such stands can be confident that frequent, low-intensity, low-severity prescribed burns in longleaf pine forests do little to affect the long-term chemical composition of forest detritus. Copyright © by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Inc.

Fire, Habitat structure and herpetofauna in the Southeast

Treesearch

Cathryn H. Greenberg

2002-01-01

In this paper I review studies of herpetofauna in two fire-maintained, xeric pineland southeastern U.S. ecosystems, longleaf pine-turkey oak sandhills and Florida sand pine scrub. I address evolutionary adaptations of herpetofauna to these xeric environments, and how fire disturbance influences herpetofaunal community composition by structuring habitat. Where data are...

Early longleaf pine seedling survivorship on hydric soils

Treesearch

Susan Cohen; Joan Walker

2006-01-01

We established a study to evaluate site preparation in restoring longleaf pine on poorly drained sites. Most existing longleaf pine stands occur on drier sites, and traditional approaches to restoring longleaf pine on wetter sites may rely on intensive practices that compromise the integrity of the ground layer vegetation. We applied silvicultural treatments to improve...

Surfing the Koehler Curve: revisiting a method for the identification of longleaf pine stumps and logs

Treesearch

Thomas L. Eberhardt; Philip M. Sheridan; Karen G. Reed

2009-01-01

Measurements of pith and second growth ring diameters were used by Koehler in 1932 to separate longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) timbers from those of several southern pines (e.g., loblolly, shortleaf). In the current study, measurements were taken from plantation-grown longleaf, loblolly and shortleaf pine trees, as well as old growth longleaf pine, lightwood, and...

Volume and Growth Predictions for Thinned Even-Aged Natural Longleaf Pine Stands in the East Gulf Area

Treesearch

Robert M. Farrar

1985-01-01

Encouraged by the high quality and marketability of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.), many landowners are taking advantage of recent improvements in longleaf regeneration techniques (Mann 1969, 197O; Croker and Boyer 1975; Farrar and White 1983; Dennington and Farrar 1983) and are growing longleaf pine today. Successful longleaf timber management demands...

Effects of precommercial thinning and midstory control on avian and small mammal communities during longleaf pine Savanna restoration

Treesearch

Vanessa R. Lane; Robert P. Simmons; Kristina J. Brunjes; John C. Kilgo; Timothy B. Harrington; Richard F. Daniels; W. Mark Ford; Karl V. Miller

2015-01-01

Restoring longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) savanna is a goal of many southern land managers, and longleaf plantations may provide a mechanism for savanna restoration. However, the effects of silvicultural treatments used in the management of longleaf pine plantations on wildlife communities are relatively unknown. Beginning in 1994, we examined effects of longleaf...

Ecological, political and social challenges of prescribed fire restoration in east Texas pineywoods ecosystems: a case study

Treesearch

Sandra Rideout; Brian P. Oswald; Michael H. Legg

2003-01-01

The effectiveness of prescribed fire restoration of forested sites in three state parks in east Texas, USA was studied. Two sites consisted of mixed shortleaf (Pinus echinata Mill.) or loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and broadleaf overstoreys. The third site was a longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.)/little...

Ant distribution in relation to ground water in north Florida pine flatwoods.

PubMed

Tschinkel, Walter R; Murdock, Tyler; King, Joshua R; Kwapich, Christina

2012-01-01

Longleaf pine savannas are one of the most threatened ecosystems in the world, yet are understudied. Ants are a functionally important and diverse group of insects in these ecosystems. It is largely unknown how local patterns of species diversity and composition are determined through the interaction of this dominant animal group with abiotic features of longleaf pine ecosystems. Here we describe how an important abiotic variable, depth to water table, relates to ant species distributions at local scales. Pitfall trapping studies across habitat gradients in the Florida coastal plains longleaf pine flatwoods showed that the ant community changed with mild differences in habitat. In this undulating landscape, elevation differences were less than 2 m, and the depth to the water table ranged from < 20 cm to 1.2 m. The plant species composing the ground cover were zoned in response to depth to water, and shading by canopy trees increased over deeper water tables. Of the 27 ant species that were analyzed, depending on the statistical test, seven or eight were significantly more abundant over a deep water table, eight to ten over a shallow one, and nine to eleven were not significantly patterned with respect to depth to water. Ant species preferring sites with shallow groundwater also preferred the shadier parts of the sites, while those preferring sites with deeper groundwater preferred the sunnier parts of the sites. This suggests that one group of species prefers hot-dry conditions, and the other cooler-moist. Factor analysis and abundance-weighted mean site characteristics generally confirmed these results. These results show that ant communities in this region respond to subtle differences in habitat, but whether these differences arise from founding preferences, survival, competition, or some combination of these is not known.

Influence of pine straw harvesting, prescribed fire, and fertilization on a Louisiana longleaf pine site

Treesearch

James D. Haywood

2009-01-01

This research was initiated in a 34-year-old, direct-seeded stand of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) to study how pine straw management practices (harvesting, fire, and fertilization) affected the longleaf pine overstory and pine straw yields. A randomized complete block split-plot design was installed with two main plot treatments...

Longleaf Pine Forests...in the Mountains?

Treesearch

Morgan Varner

1999-01-01

While most people familiar with Alabama's forests associate longleaf pine with the gently rolling hills of lower Alabama, longleaf pine forests extend up into the hills, ridges and mountains of north Alabama. These forests, termed "montane" or "mountain longleaf," still thrive in several spots, but are becoming increasingly rare. These rare...

Longleaf pine stumpwood supply in four southeastern survey units

Treesearch

E.L. Demmon

1936-01-01

This release presents advanc3 ·information on the amount of longleaf pine stumpviOod in four Forest Survey Units. The wood referred to is that in the seasoned stumps resulting from the cutting of the longleaf pine of the original forest. These stumps, together with other highly rosinimpregnated wood in the tops and limbs of fallen old-growth longleaf pine, are used in...

Pleistocene Refugia for Longleaf and Loblolly Pines

Treesearch

Ronald C. Schmidtling; V. Hipkins; E. Carroll

2000-01-01

Longleaf pine (P. palustris Mill.) and loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) are two species that are common to the coastal plain of the southeastern United States. The current natural range of the two species is largely overlapping. Loblolly pine occurs in 13 southeastern states. Longleaf pine is the more austral of the two species,...

Silvicultural treatments for converting loblolly pine to longleaf pine dominance: Effects on planted longleaf pine seedlings

Treesearch

Huifeng Hu; G.Geoff Wang; Joan L. Walker; Benjamin O. Knapp

2012-01-01

A field study was installed to test silvicultural treatments for establishing longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill) in loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) stands. Harvesting was used to create seven canopy treatments, four with uniformly distributed canopies at different residual basal areas [Control (16.2 m2/ha),...

Assessing longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) restoration after southern pine beetle kill using a compact experimental design

Treesearch

J.-P. Berrill; C.M. Dagley

2010-01-01

A compact experimental design and analysis is presented of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) survival and growth in a restoration project in the Piedmont region of Georgia, USA. Longleaf pine seedlings were planted after salvage logging and broadcast burning in areas of catastrophic southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis) attacks on even-aged mixed pine-hardwood...

Scar markers in a longleaf pine x slash pine F1 family

Treesearch

C. Weng; Thomas L. Kubisiak; M. Stine

1998-01-01

Sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers were derived from random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) that segregate in a longleaf pine x slash pine F1 family. Nine RAPD fragments, five from longleaf pine and four from slash pine, were cloned and end sequenced. A total of 13 SCAR primer pairs, with lengths between 17 and 24...

Forest floor depth mediates understory vigor in xeric Pinus palustris ecosystems

Treesearch

J. Kevin Hiers; Joseph J. O' Brien; Rodney E. Will; Robert J. Mitchell

2007-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) woodlands and savannas are among the most frequently burned ecosystems in the world with fire return intervals of 1–10 years. This fire regime has maintained high levels of biodiversity in terms of both species richness and endemism. Land use changes have reduced the area of this ecosystem by .95%, and inadequate fire...

Land-use history and contemporary management inform an ecological reference model for longleaf pine woodland understory plant communities

Treesearch

Lars A. Brudvig; John L. Orrock; Ellen I. Damschen; Cathy D. Collins; Philip G. Hahn; W. Brett Mattingly; Joseph W. Veldman; Joan L. Walker

2014-01-01

Ecological restoration is frequently guided by reference conditions describing a successfully restored ecosystem; however, the causes and magnitude of ecosystem degradation vary, making simple knowledge of reference conditions insufficient for prioritizing and guiding restoration. Ecological reference models provide further guidance by quantifying reference conditions...

Influence of forest disturbance on stable nitrogen isotope ratios in soil and vegetation profiles

Treesearch

Jennifer D. Knoepp; Scott R. Taylor; Lindsay R. Boring; Chelcy F. Miniat

2015-01-01

Soil and plant stable nitrogen isotope ratios (15 N) are influenced by atmospheric nitrogen (N) inputs and processes that regulate organic matter (OM) transformation and N cycling. The resulting 15N patterns may be useful for discerning ecosystem differences in N cycling. We studied two ecosystems; longleaf pine wiregrass (...

Effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide on biomass and carbon accumulation in a model regenerating longleaf pine community.

PubMed

Runion, G B; Davis, M A; Pritchard, S G; Prior, S A; Mitchell, R J; Torbert, H A; Rogers, H H; Dute, R R

2006-01-01

Plant species vary in response to atmospheric CO2 concentration due to differences in physiology, morphology, phenology, and symbiotic relationships. These differences make it very difficult to predict how plant communities will respond to elevated CO2. Such information is critical to furthering our understanding of community and ecosystem responses to global climate change. To determine how a simple plant community might respond to elevated CO2, a model regenerating longleaf pine community composed of five species was exposed to two CO2 regimes (ambient, 365 micromol mol(-1) and elevated, 720 micromol mol(-1)) for 3 yr. Total above- and belowground biomass was 70 and 49% greater, respectively, in CO2-enriched plots. Carbon (C) content followed a response pattern similar to biomass, resulting in a significant increase of 13.8 Mg C ha(-1) under elevated CO2. Responses of individual species, however, varied. Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) was primarily responsible for the positive response to CO2 enrichment. Wiregrass (Aristida stricta Michx.), rattlebox (Crotalaria rotundifolia Walt. Ex Gmel.), and butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa L.) exhibited negative above- and belowground biomass responses to elevated CO2, while sand post oak (Quercus margaretta Ashe) did not differ significantly between CO2 treatments. As with pine, C content followed patterns similar to biomass. Elevated CO2 resulted in alterations in community structure. Longleaf pine comprised 88% of total biomass in CO2-enriched plots, but only 76% in ambient plots. In contrast, wiregrass, rattlebox, and butterfly weed comprised 19% in ambient CO2 plots, but only 8% under high CO2. Therefore, while longleaf pine may perform well in a high CO2 world, other members of this community may not compete as well, which could alter community function. Effects of elevated CO2 on plant communities are complex, dynamic, and difficult to predict, clearly demonstrating the need for more research in this important area of global change science.

Establishing Longleaf Pine Seedlings Under a Loblolly Pine Canopy (User’s Guide)

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-02-01

converting loblolly pine stands to longleaf pine dominance ..................... 5 3. WHERE DO THE GUIDELINES APPLY? GEOGRAPHIC, EDAPHIC, AND STAND STRUCTURE ...watching, hunting, and off-road vehicle use, and yield valuable products including quality saw- timber and pine needles for landscaping. Longleaf pines...U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2003). The foraging habitat guidelines specify characteristics of the pine canopy structure , the abundance of

Fire Monitoring: Effects of Scorch in Louisiana's Pine Forests

Treesearch

James D. Haywood; Mary Anne Sword; Finis L. Harris

2004-01-01

Frequent growing-season burning is essential for restoring longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) plant communities to open parklike landscapes. However, fire can be a destructive force, reducing productivity and causing mortality among overstory longleaf pine trees. On two central Louisiana sites, severe crown scorch reduced longleaf pine diameter...

Fertilizer responses of longleaf pine trees within a loblolly pine plantation: separating direct effects from competition effects

Treesearch

Peter H Anderson; Kurt H. Johnsen

2009-01-01

Evidence is mixed on how well longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) responds to increased soil nitrogen via fertilization. We examined growth and physiological responses of volunteer longleaf pine trees within an intensive loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) fertilization experiment. Fertilizer was applied annually following thinning at age 8 years (late 1992) at rates...

Restoring the Savanna to the Savannah River Site.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Harrington, Timothy B.

2006-07-01

The Longleaf Pine Ecosystem - Ecology, Silviculture, and Restoration. Shibu Jose, Eric J. Jokela, and Deborah L. Miller, (eds.) Springer Series on Environmental Management. Springer Science and Business Media publisher. Chapter 5. Pp 135-156. Chapter 5 of the book.

The longleaf pine resource

Treesearch

John F. Kelly; William A. Bechtold

1989-01-01

Area of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) in the Southern United States has declined from 12.2 to 3.8 million acres over the past 30 years. Longleaf pine, which once dominated vast portions of the region, now accounts for only 3 percent of the total timberland acreage in the 8 States where the species is found.Longleaf growing-stock volume has decreased by 12...

Proceedings: Workshops on Growing Longleaf Pine in Containers--1999 and 2001

Treesearch

James P. Barnett; R. Kasten Dumroese; D.J. Moorhead; [Editors

2002-01-01

This publication, a compilation of 20 papers concerning nursery production of longleaf pine seedlings in containers for reforestation, is a summary of longleaf pine workshops held in 1999 and 2001. The Longleaf Alliance and the USDA Southern Research Station and Southern Region Cooperative Forestry organized the first workshop in 1999. It was held in Jesup, Georgia, on...

Impact of fire in two old-growth montane longleaf pine stands

Treesearch

John S. Kush; John C. Gilbert; Crystal Lupo; Na Zhou; Becky Barlow

2013-01-01

The structure of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests of the Southeastern United States Coastal Plains has been the focus of numerous studies. By comparison, the forests in the mountains of Alabama and Georgia are not well understood. Less than 1 percent of longleaf pine stands found in the montane portion of longleaf’s range are considered...

Longleaf pine dynamics on a flatwood site: A study on the croatan national forest

Treesearch

Susan Cohen; John S. Kush; Kim Ludovici

2000-01-01

Natural regeneration of longleaf pine is one of the most important management tools natural resource managers have at their disposal to perpetuate existing longleaf pine stands in the Southern United States. Some studies indicate a tendency for longleaf to regenerate in gaps within the already open park-like stand structure. However, high variation and unpredictability...

Pro-B selection method for uneven-aged management of longleaf pine forests

Treesearch

Dale G. Brockway; Edward F. Loewenstein; Kenneth W. Outcalt

2015-01-01

Interest in uneven-aged silviculture has increased since advent of ecosystem management programs, which place greater emphasis on ecological values and ecosystem services while also harvesting timber from the forest. However, traditional uneven-aged approaches (e.g., BDq) are often criticized as too complex, costly, and requiring highly-trained staff. The Proportional-...

Restoring longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands: Effects of restoration treatments on natural loblolly pine regeneration

Treesearch

Ben Knapp; Wang Geoff; Huifeng Hu; Joan Walker; Carsyn Tennant

2011-01-01

Historical land use and management practices in the southeastern United States have resulted in the dominance of loblolly pine on many upland sites that historically were occupied by longleaf pine. There is currently much interest in restoring high quality longleaf pine habitats to such areas, but managers may also desire the retention of some existing canopy trees to...

Separating live from dead longleaf pine seeds: good and bad news

Treesearch

James P. Barnett; R. Kasten Dumroese

2006-01-01

Of all southern pine seeds, longleaf pine (Pinus palutris Mill.) are the most difficult to collect, process, treat, and store while maintaining good seed quality. As a result, interest in techniques for separating filled dead from live longleaf pine seeds has developed. The good news is that new technologies are becoming available to evaluate seed...

Longleaf and loblolly pine seedlings respond differently to soil compaction, water content, and fertilization

Treesearch

D. Andrew Scott; James A. Burger

2014-01-01

Aims Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) is being restored across the U.S. South for a multitude of ecological and economic reasons, but our understanding of longleaf pine’s response to soil physical conditions is poor. On the contrary, our understanding of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) root and...

Longleaf pine

Treesearch

William D. Boyer; Donald W. Patterson

1983-01-01

Abstract:This report describes the longleaf pine forest type and the characteristics of both tree and forest that can affect management decisions.Longleaf pine is highly adaptable to a range of management goals and silvicultural systems.Management options and appropriate silvicultural methods for the regeneration and management of this species are...

Revivification of a method for identifying longleaf pine timber and its application to southern pine relicts in southeastern Virginia

Treesearch

Thomas L. Eberhardt; Philip M. Sheridan; Arvind A.R. Bhuta

2011-01-01

Abstract: Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) cannot be distinguished from the other southern pines based on wood anatomy alone. A method that involves measuring pith and second annual ring diameters, reported by Arthur Koehler in 1932 (The Southern Lumberman, 145: 36–37), was revisited as an option for identifying longleaf pine timbers and stumps. Cross-section...

Restoration of longleaf pine--the status of our knowledge

Treesearch

Jim Guldin; James F. Rosson; C. Dana Nelson

2016-01-01

By the fifth anniversary of the America’s Longleaf Restoration Initiative in 2014, the decline in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris L.) appears to have been reversed. The area in longleaf pine-dominated stands currently exceeds 4 million acres, up from a low of about 3 million acres two decades ago. A major contribution to this reversal has been the...

Longleaf Pine: Natural Regeneration and Management

Treesearch

William D. Boyer

1999-01-01

Longleaf pine has long been recognized as a high-quality timber tree providing a number of valuable products. It is a versatile species with characteristics allowing the use of several silvicultural options. Both natural and artificial regeneration of longleaf pine are now practical management options. Natural regeneration is a lowcost alternative whenever sufficient...

Effects of Crown Scorch on Longleaf Pine Fine Roots

Treesearch

Mary Anne Sword; James D. Haywood

1999-01-01

Photosynthate production is reduced by foliage loss. Thus, scorch-induced decreases in the leaf area of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) may reduce photosynthate allocation to roots. In this investigation the root carbohydrate concentrations and dynamics of longleaf pine after two intensities of prescribed burning were monitored. In...

Longleaf pine seedling production

Treesearch

James P. Barnett

2000-01-01

Longleaf pine is a highly desirable species, resisting fire, insects and pathogens, and produces quality solid-wood products, but regeneration of the species has been difficult. Natural regeneration is feasible only on a small portion of the area considered to be longleaf pine type. Therefore, artificial regeneration must become a reliable means of regenerating the...

Container-grown longleaf pine seedling quality

Treesearch

Mark J. Hainds; James P. Barnett

2006-01-01

The Longleaf Alliance, in cooperation with the USDA Forest Service, the Georgia Forestry Commission, and the Clemson Extension Service, has installed numerous longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedling quality studies across the Southeastern United States. This paper reviews survival and growth for different classes of container-grown longleaf...

Anticipating Good Longleaf Pine Cone Crops: The Key to Successful Natural Regeneration

Treesearch

William D. Boyer

1997-01-01

Unlike other southern pines, or most intolerant pioneer species, longleaf pine is a poor seed producer. Cone crops are highly variable from year to-year, and also from place to place in the same year. Crops large enough to assure adequate regeneration are few and far between, especially in the longleaf pine belt of the southern Coastal Plains. Not only is this species...

Basic growth relationships in thinned and unthinned longleaf pine plantations

Treesearch

V. Clark Baldwin; Daniel J. Leduc; K. O. Peterson; Bernard R. Parresol

1998-01-01

Compilation, editing, and formatting of seven long-term longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) growth and yield studies has "been completed"and development of a growth and yield prediction system for longleaf pine plantations is underway. The studies are located in Central Louisiana, East Texas, Southern Mississippi, Southern Alabama, and Northern Florida...

Natural Regeneration of Longleaf Pine

Treesearch

William D. Boyer

1979-01-01

Natural regeneration is now a reliable alternative for existing longleaf pine forests. The shelterwood system, or modifications of it, has been used experimentally to regenerate longleaf pine for over 20 years, and regional tests have confirmed its value for a wide range of site conditions. Natural regeneration, because of its low cost when compared to other...

Financial performance of loblolly and longleaf pine plantations

Treesearch

Steven D. Mills; Charles T. Stiff

2013-01-01

The financial performance of selected management regimes for loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and longleaf pine (P. palustris Mill.) plantations were compared for four cases, each with low- and high-site productivity levels and each evaluated using 5 and 7 percent real discount rates. In all cases, longleaf pine was considered both with...

Regional Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris) Natural Regeneration

Treesearch

William D. Boyer

1998-01-01

Duration: 1968-present Objective: Test the shelterwood system of longleaf pine natural regeneration. Methods: Longleaf pine natural regeneration tests were established from 1966 through 1970 at ten locations in seven states from North Carolina to Louisiana. One of these was established on a 50-acre flatwoods site on Eglin AFB in 1968. Regeneration was initially...

Description of Vegetation in Several Periodically Burned Longleaf Pine Forests on the Kisatchie National Forest

Treesearch

James D. Haywood; Finis L. Harris

1999-01-01

Abstract - In January 1993, the Kisatchie National Forest and Southern Research Station began a cooperative project on two Ranger Districts to monitor how prescribed burning affects tree, shrub, and herbaceous vegetation in upland longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests in Louisiana. Longleaf pine is the dominant species on...

Field Planting Containerized Longleaf Pine Seedlings

Treesearch

Dale R. Larson

2002-01-01

The difficulty in establishing stands of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) by artificial regeneration techniques has been a major factor in the decline of the number of acres occupied by this species in the Southeast. Many landowners and managers have been reluctant to plant longleaf because of its history of poor survival. Loblolly pine (

Uneven-aged management of longleaf pine forests: a scientist and manager dialogue

Treesearch

Dale G. Brockway; Kenneth W. Outcalt; James M. Guldin; William D. Boyer; Joan L. Walker; D. Craig Rudolph; Robert B. Rummer; James P. Barnett; Shibu Jose; Jarek Nowak

2005-01-01

Interest in appropriate management approaches for sustaining longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests has increased substantially during the recent decade. Although long-leaf pine can be managed using even-aged techniques, interest in uneven-aged methods has grown significantly as a result of concern for sustaining the wide range of ecological...

Prevention of Cold Damage to Container-Grown Longleaf Pine Roots

Treesearch

Richard W. Tinus; Mary Anne Sword; James P. Barnett

2002-01-01

When longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings are container-grown in open fields, their roots may be exposed to damaging, cold temperatures. Major losses in some nurseries have occurred. Between November 1996 and February 1997, we measured the cold hardiness of container-grown longleaf pine roots by measuring electrolyte leakage (a) of...

Influence of light and moisture on longleaf pine seedling growth in selection silviculture

Treesearch

David S. Dyson; Edward F. Loewenstein; Steven B. Jack; Dale G. Brockway

2012-01-01

Selection silviculture has become increasingly common for longleaf pine management, yet questions remain regarding residual canopy effects on seedling survival and growth. To determine what levels of residual overstory promote adequate seedling recruitment, 600 containerized longleaf pine seedlings were planted on two sites during the 2007-2008 dormant season. To...

PM2.5 and Carbon Emissions from Prescribed Fire in a Longleaf Pine Ecosystem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Strenfel, S. J.; Clements, C. B.; Hiers, J. K.; Kiefer, C. M.

2008-12-01

Prescribed fires are a frequently utilized land-management tool in the Southeastern US. In order to better characterize emissions and impacts from prescribed fire in longleaf pine ecosystems, in situ data were obtained within the burn perimeter using a 10-m instrumented flux tower. Turbulence and temperature data at 10-m were sampled at 10 Hz using a sonic anemometer and fine-wire thermocouples respectively. Measurements of PM2.5, CO and CO2 emissions were sampled at 10-m within the burn perimeter and PM2.5 and Black Carbon PM2.5 were sampled 0.5 km downwind of the fire front using a 2-m instrumented tripod. Preliminary results indicate PM2.5 and carbon emissions significantly increased during the fire-front passage, and downwind PM concentrations were amplified beyond pre-fire ambient concentrations. In addition, the considerable amount a heat release and flux data gathered from these prescribed fires suggests that near surface atmospheric conditions were directly impacted by increased turbulence generation.

Longleaf pine wood and straw yields from two old-field planted sites in Georgia

Treesearch

E. David Dickens; David J. Moorhead; Bryan C. McElvany; Ray Hicks

2012-01-01

Little is known or published concerning longleaf pine’s growth rate, or wood and pine straw yields on old-field sites. Two study areas were installed in unthinned longleaf plantations established on former old-fields in Screven and Tift Counties, Georgia to address pine growth and straw yields. Soil series were delineated and replicated plots with three levels of...

Hurricane Katrina winds damaged longleaf pine less than loblolly pine

Treesearch

Kurt H. Johnsen; John R. Butnor; John S. Kush; Ronald C. Schmidtling; C. Dana Nelson

2009-01-01

Some evidence suggests that longleaf pine might be more tolerant of high winds than either slash pine (Pinus elliotii Englem.) or loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). We studied wind damage to these three pine species in a common garden experiment in southeast Mississippi following Hurricane Katrina,...

Determining the Correct Planting Depth For Container-Grown Longleaf Pine Seedlings

Treesearch

Mark J. Hainds

2004-01-01

The Longleaf Alliance installed four planting-depth studies from 1998 to 2002 to determine the optimal depth for container-grown longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings. Results indicate that deep planting significantly reduced seedling survival and growth. Results also indicate that longleaf is very tolerant of shallow planting whereby the...

Proceedings of the Symposium on the Management of Longleaf Pine

Treesearch

Robert S. Farrar; [Editor

1989-01-01

The symposium on the management of longleaf pine leading to these proceedings was held on April 4 through 6, 1989, in Long Beach, MS, at the Gulf Park Conference Center of the University of Southern Mississippi. This conference was attended by approximately 170 land managers, wildlife managers, researchers, educators, students, and others interested in longleaf pine...

Influence of herbicides and improvement cutting, fertilization, and prescribed fire on planted longleaf pine development

Treesearch

James D. Haywood

2015-01-01

There is an interest in restoring longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) across its native range in the southeastern United States, and establishment of longleaf pine on much of its original range requires artificial regeneration and management of competing vegetation after planting. In Louisiana, two fertilization levels (No or Yes [36 kg/ha...

Remanat old-growth longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) savannas and forests of the southeastern USA: Status and threats

Treesearch

J. Moragan Varner; John S. Kush

2004-01-01

Old-growth savannas and forests dominated by longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) are of great conservation and research interest. Comprehensive inventories of old-growth communities, however, are lacking for most of longleaf pine's natural range. We searched the literature, interviewed regional experts, queried email discussion lists and...

Plant Communities in Selected Longleaf Pine Landscapes on the Catahoula Ranger District, Kisatchie National Forest, Louisiana

Treesearch

James D. Haywood; William D. Boyer; Finis L. Harris

1998-01-01

In Grant Parish, Louisiana, increases in overstory basal area, canopy cover, and development of understory woody plants reduced productivity of herbaceous plants in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) stands that were managed with fire. Still, the herbaceous plant community can reestablish itself on properly managed upland longleaf pine sites in...

From loblolly to longleaf: fifth-year results of a longleaf pine restoration study at two ecologically distinct sites

Treesearch

Benjamin O. Knapp; G. Geoff Wang; Joan L. Walker; Huifeng Hu

2015-01-01

Historical land-use and management practices in the southeastern United States have resulted in the widespread conversion of many upland sites from dominance of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) to loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) in the time following European settlement. Given the ecological, economic, and cultural...

Overhead shading and growth of young longleaf pine

Treesearch

John C. Gilbert; John S. Kush; Ralph S. Meldahl; William D. Boyer; Dean H. Gjerstad

2014-01-01

A study to determine the effects of environmental conditions on the growth of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) was initiated in 1969 on the Escambia Experimental Forest near Brewton, Alabama, USA. This study sample consisted of forty young naturally regenerated, even aged longleaf pine seedlings evenly divided between two soil types. At the beginning of the study...

Nursery response of container Pinus palustris seedlings to nitrogen supply and subsequent effects on outplanting performance

Treesearch

D. Paul Jackson; R. Kasten Dumroese; James P. Barnett

2012-01-01

Container longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) seedlings often survive and grow better after outplanting than bareroot seedlings. Because of this, most longleaf pine are now produced in containers. Little is known about nursery fertilization effects on the quality of container longleaf pine seedlings and how that influences outplanting performance. We compared various...

Food Reserves In Mountain Longleaf Pine Roots During Shoot Elongation

Treesearch

Charles H. Walkinshaw; William J. Otrosina

2002-01-01

Abstract - Survival and growth of longleaf pine seedlings depends upon a well-developed root system. Soil moisture is also critical for the seedling to emerge from the grass-stage. When longleaf pine seedlings emerge from the grass stage, they grow rapidly in height and diameter. Branches are often few in number and, if present, may have low...

Stand dynamics of a longleaf pine restoration project

Treesearch

John S. Kush; Ralph S. Meldahl

2006-01-01

Ecological restoration in a longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) stand is being studied in the Flomaton Natural Area (FNA) in Escambia County, AL. The FNA had been protected from fire for over 45 years. The absence of fire permitted a hardwood midstory and litter layer to develop at the expense of longleaf pine regeneration and an herbaceous...

Silvicultural alternatives in a longleaf pine/wiregrass woodland in southwest Georgia: understory hardwood response to harvest-created gaps

Treesearch

Steven B. Jack; Robert J. Mitchell; Stephen D. Pecot

2006-01-01

Management of longleaf pine woodlands and savannas in areas that have multiple objectives including conservation of biodiversity is increasingly common on public and private lands, and various silvicultural approaches have been proposed to meet the diverse objectives. While considerable work has investigated how alternative silvicultural systems influence longleaf pine...

Cyclic occurrence of fire and its role in carbon dynamics along an edaphic moisture gradient in longleaf pine ecosystems.

PubMed

Whelan, Andrew; Mitchell, Robert; Staudhammer, Christina; Starr, Gregory

2013-01-01

Fire regulates the structure and function of savanna ecosystems, yet we lack understanding of how cyclic fire affects savanna carbon dynamics. Furthermore, it is largely unknown how predicted changes in climate may impact the interaction between fire and carbon cycling in these ecosystems. This study utilizes a novel combination of prescribed fire, eddy covariance (EC) and statistical techniques to investigate carbon dynamics in frequently burned longleaf pine savannas along a gradient of soil moisture availability (mesic, intermediate and xeric). This research approach allowed us to investigate the complex interactions between carbon exchange and cyclic fire along the ecological amplitude of longleaf pine. Over three years of EC measurement of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) show that the mesic site was a net carbon sink (NEE = -2.48 tonnes C ha(-1)), while intermediate and xeric sites were net carbon sources (NEE = 1.57 and 1.46 tonnes C ha(-1), respectively), but when carbon losses due to fuel consumption were taken into account, all three sites were carbon sources (10.78, 7.95 and 9.69 tonnes C ha(-1) at the mesic, intermediate and xeric sites, respectively). Nonetheless, rates of NEE returned to pre-fire levels 1-2 months following fire. Consumption of leaf area by prescribed fire was associated with reduction in NEE post-fire, and the system quickly recovered its carbon uptake capacity 30-60 days post fire. While losses due to fire affected carbon balances on short time scales (instantaneous to a few months), drought conditions over the final two years of the study were a more important driver of net carbon loss on yearly to multi-year time scales. However, longer-term observations over greater environmental variability and additional fire cycles would help to more precisely examine interactions between fire and climate and make future predictions about carbon dynamics in these systems.

Cyclic Occurrence of Fire and Its Role in Carbon Dynamics along an Edaphic Moisture Gradient in Longleaf Pine Ecosystems

PubMed Central

Whelan, Andrew; Mitchell, Robert; Staudhammer, Christina; Starr, Gregory

2013-01-01

Fire regulates the structure and function of savanna ecosystems, yet we lack understanding of how cyclic fire affects savanna carbon dynamics. Furthermore, it is largely unknown how predicted changes in climate may impact the interaction between fire and carbon cycling in these ecosystems. This study utilizes a novel combination of prescribed fire, eddy covariance (EC) and statistical techniques to investigate carbon dynamics in frequently burned longleaf pine savannas along a gradient of soil moisture availability (mesic, intermediate and xeric). This research approach allowed us to investigate the complex interactions between carbon exchange and cyclic fire along the ecological amplitude of longleaf pine. Over three years of EC measurement of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) show that the mesic site was a net carbon sink (NEE = −2.48 tonnes C ha−1), while intermediate and xeric sites were net carbon sources (NEE = 1.57 and 1.46 tonnes C ha−1, respectively), but when carbon losses due to fuel consumption were taken into account, all three sites were carbon sources (10.78, 7.95 and 9.69 tonnes C ha−1 at the mesic, intermediate and xeric sites, respectively). Nonetheless, rates of NEE returned to pre-fire levels 1–2 months following fire. Consumption of leaf area by prescribed fire was associated with reduction in NEE post-fire, and the system quickly recovered its carbon uptake capacity 30–60 days post fire. While losses due to fire affected carbon balances on short time scales (instantaneous to a few months), drought conditions over the final two years of the study were a more important driver of net carbon loss on yearly to multi-year time scales. However, longer-term observations over greater environmental variability and additional fire cycles would help to more precisely examine interactions between fire and climate and make future predictions about carbon dynamics in these systems. PMID:23335986

Acute physiological stress and mortality following fire in a long-unburned longleaf pine ecosystem

Treesearch

J.J. O’Brien; J.K. Hiers; R.J. Mitchell; J.M. Varner; K. Mordecai

2010-01-01

One important legacy of fire exclusion in ecosystems dependent upon frequent fire is the development of organic soil horizons (forest floor) that can be colonized by fine roots. When fire is re-introduced, the forest floor is often consumed by fire and heavy overstory mortality, often delayed by months, results. We hypothesized that the delayed post-fire tree mortality...

The wildland fuel cell concept: an approach to characterize fine-scale variation in fuels and fire in frequently burned longleaf pine forests

Treesearch

J. Kevin Hiers; Joseph J. O’Brien; R. J. Mitchell; John M. Grego; E. Louise Loudermilk

2009-01-01

In ecosystems with frequent surface fire regimes, fire and fuel heterogeneity has been largely overlookedowing to the lack of unburned patches and the difficulty in measuring fire behavior at fine scales (0.1–10 m). The diversevegetation in these ecosystems varies at these fine scales. This diversity could be...

Natural stand dynamics in longleaf pine: How climatic disturbances shape the community.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Outcalt, Kenneth, W.

2001-06-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) once dominated the overstory of a wide range of southern plant communities from the Atlantic to Texas. Although periodic fires shaped the longleaf pine communities, climatic caused disturbances, significantly impacted them as well, changing stand structure and providing open sites for regeneration. Tornadoes, which usually operate at the partial stand scale are mimicked by even age management of longleaf pine. Seed-tree and shelterwood systems create conditions similar to less severe hurricanes that remove only some of the overstory. Lightening strikes, are continuously impacting longleaf stands creating small scale gaps of 2 to 4 trees where regenerationmore » is not uniform. Managers using the selection system should be aware of this, and create gaps in dry sandhills sites accordingly.« less

Starting new populations of longleaf pine ground-layer plants in the outer Coastal Plain of South Carolina, USA.

Treesearch

Jeff S. Glitzenstein; Donna R. Streng; Dale D. Wade; John Brubaker

2001-01-01

Southeastern United States habitats dominated by longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Miller) and associated plant species have declined dangerously. Conservation of rare and common plants of longleaf pine habitats may be aided by starting new populations in the field. We review methods for initiating plant populations and integrate information from our...

Longleaf pine: A sustainable approach for increasing terrestrial carbon in the southern United States

Treesearch

John S. Kush; Ralph S. Meldahl; Charles K. McMahon; William D. Boyer

2004-01-01

Natural communities dominated by longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) once covered an estimated two thirds of the forested area in the southeastern United States. Today, less than 1.2 million ha remain. However, over the past 10-15 years, public land managers have begun to restore many longleaf pine forests. More recently incentive programs have...

A whole stand growth and yield system for young longleaf pine plantations in Southwest Georgia

Treesearch

John R. Brooks; Steven B. Jack

2006-01-01

A whole stand growth and yield system for planted longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) was developed from permanent plot data collected annually over an 8 year period. The dataset consists of 12 intensively-managed longleaf pine plantations that are located in Lee, Worth, Mitchell, and Baker counties in southwest Georgia. Stand survival, dominant...

Correlating climate and longleaf pine cone crops: Is there a connection?

Treesearch

Neil Pederson; John S. Kush; Ralph S. Meldahl

1998-01-01

The physiological development of longleaf pine seed from flower through cone to seed is a lengthy process, extending over three calendar years. The duration of this process may be the main reason why longleaf pine produces infrequent seed crops with which to regenerate itself. Adequate crops occur every 5-7 years, on average, causing problems for those interested in...

Merits of using mechanical treatments to stimulate cone production of slash and longleaf pine

Treesearch

James P. Barnett

1993-01-01

four mechanical treatments (untreated, partial girdling in the spring, partial girdling in summer, and banding in spring) stimulated cone production of pole-sized slash and longleaf pines. A 2- to 3-fold increase in slash pine seed production was limited to the first crop originating after the treatments were applied. However, the treatments killed half the longleaf...

Nitric Acid and Benomyl Stimulate Rapid Height Growth of Longleaf Pine

Treesearch

A.G. Kais; R.C. Hare; J.P. Barnett

1984-01-01

Rapid height growth of longleaf pine seedlings, important to production of uniform, even-aged stands, can be promoted by controlling brown-spot needle blight and weed competition, and by increasing soil fertility. Root systems of container-grown longleaf pine seedlings were dip-treated in either benomyl/clay mix (10 percent a.i. benomyl) or clay control and planted...

Effects of herbaceous and woody plant control on longleaf pine growth and understory plant cover

Treesearch

James D. Haywood

2013-01-01

To determine if either herbaceous or woody plants are more competitive with longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) trees, four vegetation management treatments— check, herbaceous plant control (HPC), woody plant control (WPC), and HPC+WPC—were applied in newly established longleaf pine plantings in a randomized complete block design in two studies....

Longleaf pine forests and woodlands: old growth under fire!

Treesearch

Joan L. Walker

1999-01-01

The author discusses a once widespread forest type of the Southeast – longleaf pine dominated forests and woodlands. This system depends on fire – more or less frequent, and often of low intensity. Because human-mediated landscape fragmentation has drastically changed the behavior of fire on longleaf pine dominated landscapes, these forests and woodlands will never be...

Influence of repeated prescribed fire and herbicide application on the fine root biomass of young longleaf pine

Treesearch

Mary Anne Sword Sayer; Eric A. Kuehler

2010-01-01

Photosynthate from mature foliage provides the energy source necessary for longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) root system expansion. Crown scorch caused by repeated prescribed fire could decrease this energy and, in turn, reduce new root production. We conducted a study to assess the root biomass of restored longleaf pine saplings in response to...

Influence of reproduction cutting methods on structure, growth and regeneration of longleaf pine forests in flatwoods and uplands

Treesearch

Dale G. Brockway; Kenneth W. Outcalt

2017-01-01

Though longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests have been primarily managed with even-aged methods, interest is increasing in uneven-aged systems, as a means of achieving a wider range of stewardship goals. Selection silviculture has been practiced on a limited scale in longleaf pine, but difficulty with using traditional approaches and...

Seasonal Sucrose Metabolism in Longleaf Pine Tree Stem Cambial Tissues

Treesearch

Shi-Jean S. Sung; William J. Otrosina; Stanley J. Zarnoch

2004-01-01

This study was a part of a long-term study on factors contributing to the decline of a 40+-year-old longleaf pine stand where prescribed burning has occurred. Burn treatments were implemented between January and March 1997. From April 2002 through February 2003, stem cambial tissues were sampled periodically from healthy longleaf pine trees preselected from each...

Root-zone temperature and water availability affect early root growth of planted longleaf pine

Treesearch

M.A. Sword

1995-01-01

Longleaf pine seedlings from three seed sources were exposed to three root-zone temperatures and three levels of water availability for 28 days. Root growth declined as temperature and water availability decreased. Root growth differed by seed source. Results suggest that subtle changes in the regeneration environment may influence early root growth of longleaf pine...

Thirty years of management on a small longleaf pine forest

Treesearch

William D. Boyer

1981-01-01

Results from 30 years of management of this demonstration farm forty should interest any landowner with a small tract of longleaf pine forest.In this case, the starting point for management was a poorly-stocked stand of second-growth longleaf pine on an average Coastal Plain site.Despite no capital outlays and relativcly small expenses, principally for prescribed...

Comparison of planted loblolly, longleaf, and slash pine development through 10 growing seasons in central Louisiana--an argument for longleaf pine

Treesearch

James D. Haywood; Mary Anne S. Sayer; Shi-Jean Susana Sung

2015-01-01

Two studies were established in central Louisiana to compare development of planted loblolly (Pinus taeda L.), longleaf (P. palustris Mill.), and slash (P. elliottii Engelm.) pine. Study 1 was on a Beauregard silt loam, and Study 2 was on Ruston and McKamie fine sandy loams. After 10 growing seasons,...

Uneven-aged management for longleaf pine: freedom to choose

Treesearch

David Dyson

2012-01-01

Longleaf pine once was present on 90 million acres of the southern landscape, ranging from coastal Virginia to east Texas and from central Florida to the mountains of Alabama. On nearly two-thirds of that area, longleaf pine grew in nearly pure (single-species) stands maintained by frequent, low-intensity surface fires of both natural and human origin. The remaining...

Understory plant biomass dynamics of prescribed burned Pinus palustris stands

Treesearch

C.A. Gonzalez-Benecke; L.J. Samuelson; T.A. Stokes; W.P. Cropper Jr; T.A. Martin; K.H. Johnsen

2015-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests are characterized by unusually high understory plant species diversity, but models describing understory ground cover biomass, and hence fuel load dynamics, are scarce for this fire-dependent ecosystem. Only coarse scale estimates, being restricted on accuracy and geographical extrapolation,...

Breeding pond selection and movement patterns by eastern spadefoot toads (Scaphiopus holbrookii) in relation to weather and edaphic conditions

Treesearch

Cathryn H. Greenberg; George W. Tanner

2004-01-01

Eastern Spadefoot Toads (Scaphiopus holbrookii) require fish-free, isolated, ephemeral ponds for breeding but otherwise inhabit surrounding uplands, commonly xeric longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) and wiregrass (Aristida beyrichiana) ecosystem. Fire suppression in the Florida sandhills has the potential to alter...

Status of the Longleaf Pine Forests of the West Gulf Coastal Plain

Treesearch

Kenneth W. Outcalt

1997-01-01

Datafrom the USDA Forest Service, forest inventory and analyses permanent field plot were used to track changes in longleaf pine (Pinuspalustris Mill.) communities in Texas and Louisiana between 1985 and 1995. The decline of longleaf forest has continued in Louisiana. Texas had much less longleaf type in 1985, but unlike Louisiana there has been a small increase in the...

A density management diagram for longleaf pine stands with application to red-cockaded woodpecker habitat

Treesearch

John D. Shaw; James N. Long

2007-01-01

We developed a density management diagram (DMD) for longleaf pine (Pinus palustris P. Mill.) using data from Forest Inventory and Analysis plots. Selection criteria were for purity, defined as longleaf pine basal area (BA) that is 90% or more of plot BA, and even-agedness, as defined by a ratio between two calculations of stand density index. The...

Delayed prescribed burning in a seedling and sapling Longleaf Pine plantation in Louisiana

Treesearch

James D. Haywood

2002-01-01

To examine the effects of delaying prescribed burning for several years, I initiated five treatments in a 5- to 6-year-old longleaf pine stand: a check of no control; biennial hardwood control by directed chemical application; and biennial burning in either early March, May, or July. After the initial burns, longleaf pine survival decreased from 82 percent in February...

Influence of selection systems and shelterwood methods on understory plant communities of longleaf pine forests in flatwoods and uplands

Treesearch

Dale G. Brockway; Kenneth W. Outcalt

2015-01-01

Although longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests have mostly been managed with even-aged methods, interest has been rising in uneven-aged systems, as a means of achieving a broader range of stewardship objectives. Selection silviculture has been practiced on a limited scale in longleaf pine, but difficulty of using traditional approaches and...

Comparison of red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) nestling diet in old-growth and old-field longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) habitats

Treesearch

James L. Hanula; R. Todd Engstrom

2000-01-01

Automatic cameras were used to record adult red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) nest visits with food for nestlings. Diet of nestlings on or near an old-growth longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) remnant in southern Georgia was compared to that in longleaf pine stands established on old farm fields in western South Carolina....

Recent advances in understanding duff consumption and post-fire longleaf pine mortality

Treesearch

J. Morgan Varner; Jesse K. Kreye; Joseph O' Brien

2016-01-01

Many longleaf pine stands across the range have suffered decades of fire exclusion, leading to declines in plant and animal biodiversity and complicating restoration and management efforts. Recent research on this topic has focused on the physiological response of overstory longleaf pines and the fuel characteristics of the surrounding forest floor. In small-scale and...

Mapping quantitative trait loci controlling early growth in a (longleaf pine × slash pine) × slash pine BC1 family

Treesearch

C. Weng; Thomas L. Kubisiak; C. Dana Nelson; M. Stine

2002-01-01

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were employed to map the genome and quantitative trait loci controlling the early growth of a pine hybrid F1 tree (Pinus palustris Mill. × P. elliottii Engl.) and a recurrent slash pine tree (P. ellottii Engl.) in a (longleaf pine × slash pine...

Interim Taper and Cubic-Foot Volume Equations For Young Longleaf Pine Plantations in Southwest Georgia

Treesearch

John R. Brooks; Stacey Martin; Jeff Jordan; Chris Sewell

2002-01-01

Outside bark diameter measurements were taken at 0, 0.5, 2.0, 4.5, 6.0, 16.6 and 4 foot height intervals above 6 foot to a 2 inch dob top diameter on 42 longleaf pine trees selected from intensively managed longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) plantations in Dougherty and Worth Counties in southwest Georgia. Trees were sampled from unthinned,...

Eight years of seasonal burning and herbicidal brush control influence sapling longleaf pine growth, understory vegetation, and the outcome of an ensuing wildfire

Treesearch

James D. Haywood

2009-01-01

To study how fire or herbicide use influences longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) overstory and understory vegetation, five treatments were initiated in a 5–6-year-old longleaf pine stand: check, biennial arborescent plant control by directed herbicide application, and biennial burning in March, May, or July. The herbicide or prescribed fire...

An updated whole stand growth and yield system for planted longleaf pine in southwest Georgia

Treesearch

John R. Brooks; Steven B. Jack

2016-01-01

An updated whole stand growth and yield system for planted longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) was developed from permanent plot data collected annually over a 13 to 16 year period. The data set consists of 15 intensively managed longleaf pine plantations that are located in Lee, Worth, Mitchell, and Baker counties in southwest Georgia. Stand survival, dominant height,...

Case study to examine the effects of a growing-season burn and annosum root disease on mortality in a longleaf pine stand

Treesearch

Michelle M. Cram; Dan Shea; Ken Forbus

2010-01-01

A case study of a growing-season burn in a longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) stand affected by annosum root disease was conducted at Savannah River Site, SC. The project utilized a longleaf pine stand from a 1995 evaluation of a stump applicator system. The Tim-bor® (disodium octaborate tetrahydrate) and no stump treatment blocks (NST) were...

Influence of herbicides and felling, fertilization, and prescribed fire on longleaf pine establishment and growth through six growing seasons

Treesearch

James D. Haywood

2006-01-01

Recovery of longleaf pine (Pinus palutris. Mill.) is necessary to arrest the decline of many associated plants and animals, and the establishment of longleaf pine on much of its original range requires artificial regeneration and diligence. In central Louisiana, USA, two fertilization levels (No [NF] or Yes [F-36 kg/ha N and 40 kg/ha PI) in...

Longleaf Pine: Why Plant It? Why Use Containers?

Treesearch

James P. Barnett

2002-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.), although widely distributed in the presettlement forests of the southern Coastal Plain, now occupies less that 5 percent of its original range. A highly desirable species, it resists fire, insects, and disease, while producing excellent quality solid-wood products. Longleaf forests also represent an important...

Establishing Longleaf Pine Seedlings on Agricultural Fields and Pastures

Treesearch

Mark J. Hainds

2004-01-01

Acres planted to longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) increased annually through the 1990s until 2000 with peak plantings exceeding 110 million seedlings annually. Many of these longleaf seedlings were planted on agricultural crop fields and pastures. Agricultural areas have unique characteristics that can make them more challenging to successfully plant...

Longleaf Seedling Trends

Treesearch

Mark J. Hainds

2002-01-01

Demand for longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings continues to increase throughout the Southeast. Overall production of longleaf pine seedlings has increased annually for at least the last 3 years (51 percent increase over the past 3 years), while demand for seedlings has continued to exceed the supply. There are several reasons for the...

Light transmittance estimates in a longleaf pine woodland

Treesearch

Michael A. Battaglia; Robert J. Mitchell; Paul P. Mou; Stephen D. Pecot

2003-01-01

While the importance of canopy structure in open woodlands and savannas on regulating the flow of energy and matter is well known, few studies have investigated how variation in overstory abundance influences canopy light transmission and the extent that estimates vary in their ability to characterize the light environment in these ecosystems. Canopy light...

Modeling the Carbon Implications of Ecologically Based Forest Management

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-08-20

richness across an environmental gradient in a fire-dependent ecosystem. American Journal of Botany 88, 2119-2128. Kolb, T.E., and J.E. Stone. 2000...litter. Canadian Journal of Botany 61(3):872-879 Loudermilk, E.L., Cropper, W.P., Mitchell, R.J., Lee, H., 2011. Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) and

Modeling the Carbon Implications of Ecologically-Based Forest Management

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-08-01

richness across an environmental gradient in a fire-dependent ecosystem. American Journal of Botany 88, 2119-2128. Kolb, T.E., and J.E. Stone. 2000...litter. Canadian Journal of Botany 61(3):872-879 Loudermilk, E.L., Cropper, W.P., Mitchell, R.J., Lee, H., 2011. Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) and

Influence of repeated canopy scorching on soil CO2 efflux

Treesearch

DP Aubrey; B Martazavi; Joseph O' Brien; JD McGee; JJ Hendricks; KA Kuehn; RJ Mitchell

2012-01-01

Forest ecosystems experience various disturbances that can affect belowground carbon cycling to different degrees. Here, we investigate if successive annual foliar scorching events will result in a large and rapid decline in soil CO2 efflux, similar to that observed in girdling studies. Using the fire-adapted longleaf pine (Pinus...

Ecophysiological comparison of 50-year-old longleaf pine, slash pine and loblolly pine.

Treesearch

Lisa Samuelson; Tom Stokes; Kurt Johnsen

2012-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.), a species that once dominated the southeastern USA, is considered to be more drought tolerant than the principle plantation species in the South, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.), and so is predicted to better cope with increases in drought frequency associated with climate change. To...

Fine root production and carbohydrate concentrations of mature longleaf pine (Pinus palustris P. Mill.) as affected by season of prescribed fire and drought

Treesearch

Mary Anne Sword Sayer; James D. Haywood

2005-01-01

The historical range of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris P. Mill) has been greatly reduced, in part, by lack of fire. Recently, the application of fire has become an accepted practice for the restoration of longleaf pine to former parts of its natural range. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of season of prescribed fire on the root growth...

A Tree Taper Model Based on Similar Triangles and Use of Crown Ratio as a Measure of Form in Taper Equations for Longleaf Pine

Treesearch

Dennis J. Shaw; Ralph S. Meldahl; John S. Kush; Greg L. Somers

2003-01-01

We used data from 322 natural longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) trees to include crown ratio as a continuous variable in taper equations. The data were divided into 10 crown-ratio classes and fitted taper equations into each class to detect trends in the coefficients. For application to longleaf pine, we replaced coefficients that exhibited a...

Overstory and understory relationships in longleaf pine plantations 14 years after thinning and woody control

Treesearch

Timothy B. Harrington

2011-01-01

To develop silvicultural strategies for restoring longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) savannas, mortality and growth of overstory pines and midstory hardwoods and abundance and species richness of herbs were studied for 14 years after pine thinning and nonpine woody control. Pine cover in thinned stands was about half of that in nonthinned stands...

Pine straw harvesting, fire, and fertilization affect understory vegetation within a Louisiana longleaf pine stand

Treesearch

James D. Haywood

2012-01-01

Pine straw harvesting can provide an economic benefit to landowners, but the practice may also change the composition of plant communities. This research was initiated in a 34-year-old stand of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) established in 1956 to study how pine straw management practices (fertilization, prescribed fire, and straw harvesting) affected plant...

Container-Grown Longleaf Pine Seedling Quality

Treesearch

Mark J. Hainds; James P. Barnett

2004-01-01

This study examines the comparative hardiness of various classes or grades of container-grown longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings. Most container longleaf seedlings are grown in small ribbed containers averaging 5 to 7 cubic inches in volume and 3 to 6 inches in depth. Great variability is often exhibited in typical lots of container-...

Growing season burns for control of hardwoods in longleaf pine stands

Treesearch

William D. Boyer

1990-01-01

Summer fires in existing longleaf pine stands carry undue risk of pine mortality. One summer fire caused as much mortality among pines in the l- through 4-inch d.b.h. classes as two successive summer fires among hardwoods of the same size. Mortality among mature pines was also excessive. Hardwood top-kill following a spring fire seemed affected more by fire intensity...

Comparison of Maximum Likelihood Estimation Approach and Regression Approach in Detecting Quantitative Trait Lco Using RAPD Markers

Treesearch

Changren Weng; Thomas L. Kubisiak; C. Dana Nelson; James P. Geaghan; Michael Stine

1999-01-01

Single marker regression and single marker maximum likelihood estimation were tied to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling the early height growth of longleaf pine and slash pine using a ((longleaf pine x slash pine) x slash pine) BC, population consisting of 83 progeny. Maximum likelihood estimation was found to be more power than regression and could...

Restoring Upland Forests to Longleaf Pine: Initial Effects on Fuel Load, Fire Danger, Forest Vegetation, and Beetle Populations

Treesearch

James D. Haywood; Tessa A. Bauman; Richard A. Goyer; Finis L. Harris

2004-01-01

Without fire in the Southeastern United States, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) often becomes the overstory dominant on sites historically dominated by longleaf pine (P. palustris Mill.). Beneath the loblolly pine canopy a mature midstory and understory develops of woody vegetation supporting draped fuels. The resulting deep shade...

RAPD linkage mapping in a longleaf pine × slash pine F1 family

Treesearch

Thomas L. Kubisiak; C. Dana. Nelson; W.L. Nance; M. Stine

1995-01-01

Random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) were used to construct linkage maps of the parents of a longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) slash pine (Pinus elliottii Englm.) F1 family. A total of 247 segregating loci [233 (1:1), 14 (3:1)] and 87 polymorphic (between-parents), but non-segregating, loci were...

Factors Affecting Survival of Longleaf Pine Seedlings

Treesearch

John S. Kush; Ralph S. Meldahl; William D. Boyer

2004-01-01

Longleaf pine may be managed most efficiently in large even-aged stands. Past research has shown that the effect of trees surrounding the openings (gaps) or the use of fire is a complicating factor, especially with small openings. Longleaf seedlings are considered more susceptible to fire under and nearer to standing trees, and seedling size, kind of fire, soil type,...

Inclusion of climatic variables in longleaf pine growth models

Treesearch

Jyoti N. Rayamajhi; John S. Kush

2006-01-01

The Regional Longleaf Growth Study was established by the USDA Forest Service to study the dynamics of naturally regenerated, even-aged longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) stands. The study accounts for growth change over time by adding new sets of plots in the youngest age class every 10 years. To detect possible changes in productivity with time...

Site index model for naturally regenerated even-aged longleaf pine

Treesearch

Dwight K. Lauer; John S. Kush

2013-01-01

Data from the Regional Longleaf Growth Study (339 permanent sample plots) were used to develop a site index model for naturally regenerated, even-aged longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.). The site index equation was derived using the generalized algebraic difference approach and is base-age invariant. Using height as a measure of site productivity...

Spatial Distribution of Overstory Retention Influences Resources and Growth of Longleaf Pine Seedlings

Treesearch

Brian Palik; Robert J. Mitchell; Stephen Pecot; Mike Battaglia; Mou Pu

2003-01-01

Increasingly, overstory retention is being used in forests traditionally managed for single-cohort structure. One rationale for retention is that residual stand structure better resembles the complex structure of forests after natural disturbance, helping to perpetuate ecosystem fuctions dependent on that structure. The benefits of retention come at the cost of reduced...

Responses of Understory Vegetation on Highly Erosive Louisiana Soils to Prescribed Burning in May

Treesearch

James D. Haywood; Alton Martin; John C. Novosad

1995-01-01

Prescribed burning is necessary to restore the herbaceous plant community normally associated with the fire-dependent longleaf pine, Pinus palustris Mill., ecosystem. Usually these burns are done in the winter months. However, burning during the early growing season may allow herbaceous plants to recover better than when burning is conducted during...

Fate of residual canopy trees following harvesting to underplant longleaf pine seedlings in loblolly pine stands in Georgia

Treesearch

Benjamin O. Knapp; G. Geoff Wang; Joan L. Walker; Robert N. Addington

2016-01-01

Over the past few decades, reports of forest health problems have concerned scientists and forest managers in loblolly pine forests of the southeastern United States. Several interacting factors likely contribute to observed reductions in loblolly pine health, including low resource availability on many upland sites that were once dominated by longleaf pine. Currently...

Guidelines for producing quality longleaf pine seeds

Treesearch

James P. Barnett; John M. McGilvray

2002-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seeds are sensitive to damage during collection, processing, treatment, and storage. High-quality seeds are essential for successfully producing nursery crops that meet management goals and perform well in the field. Uniformity in the production of pine seedlings primarily depends on prompt and uniform seed...

Germination temperatures for container culture of southern pines

Treesearch

James P. Barnett

1979-01-01

Peak germination of unstratified longleaf, shortleaf, loblolly, and slash pine seeds occurred at 75° F. Longleaf seeds germinated better at lower temperatures and less successfully at higher temperatures than those of slash, loblolly, and shortleaf pine. Stratification broadened the range at which slash, loblolly, and shortleaf germinated satisfactorily. Improvement...

Soil nitrogen dynamics as an indicator for longleaf pine restoration

Treesearch

George L. McCaskill; Shibu Jose; Ashvini Chauhan; Andrew V. Ogram

2017-01-01

Assessing the status of soil nutrients with their corresponding microbial communities provides important information about degraded soils during the restoration of coastal wet pine forests. Net nitrogen mineralization, nitrogen-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), and soil microbial biomass were compared with patch-derived volume along a 110-year longleaf pine (Pinus...

Understory vegetation, resource availability, and litterfall responses to pine thinning and woody vegetation control in longleaf pine plantations

Treesearch

Timothy B. Harrington; M. Boyd Edwards

1999-01-01

In six 8- to 11-year-old plantations of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) near Aiken, S.C., responses of understory vegetation, light, and soil water availability and litterfall were studied in relation to pine thinning (May 1994), herbicidal treatment of nonpine woody vegetation (1995-1996), or the combined treatments (treatment responses...

What 45 years of RLGS data has to say about longleaf pine mortality - not much

Treesearch

John S. Kush; John C. Gilbert; Rebecca J. Barlow

2015-01-01

The original longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forest was self-perpetuating where seedlings always had to be present. It reproduced itself in openings in the overstory where dense young stands developed. These openings would range from a few tenths of an acre to large openings of several thousand acres. Regardless of the event size, longleaf...

Vegetative response to 37 years of seasonal burning on a Louisiana longleaf pine site

Treesearch

James D. Haywood; Finis L. Harris; Harold E. Grelen; Henry A. Pearson

2001-01-01

From 1962 through 1998, 20 prescribed bums were applied in a natural stand of longleaf pine(Pinus palustris Mill.) to determine the effects of various fire regimes on the forest plant community. The original longleaf seedlings regenerated from the 1955 seed crop and were growing in a grass-dominated cover when the study began. By 1999, prescribed...

Old-growth Montane Longleaf Pine Forest Age Structure: A Preliminary Assessment

Treesearch

J. Morgan Varner; John S. Kush; Ralph S. Meldahl

1998-01-01

Presettlement longleaf pine forests of the Southeast have been described as uneven-aged forests comprised of even-aged patches. Less than 4000 ha of old-growth longleaf forest remains. From these few sites remaining, a limited volume of age related literature has evolved, and these studies have been limited to the Lower Coastal Plain physiographic province. This study...

An Updated Site Index Equation for Naturally Regenerated Longleaf Pine Stands

Treesearch

Jyoti N. Rayamajhi; John S. Kush; Ralph S. Meldahl

1999-01-01

From 1964 to 1967. the U.S. Forest Service established the Regional Longleaf Growth Study (RLGS) in the Gulf States with the objective of obtaining a database for the development of prediction systems for naturally regenerated, even-aged. longleaf pine stands. The database has been used for numerous quantitative studies. One of these efforts was a site index equation...

Flomaton Natural Area: A Living Museum for Longleaf Pine

Treesearch

John S. Kush

1999-01-01

Roland Harper, Alabama state geographer in the first half of this century, wrote in his Economic Botany of Alabama (1928). "Longleaf pine might have once been the most abundant tree in the United States and was certainly the most abundant tree in Alabama." He went on to say, "longleaf had more uses than any other tree in North America...

Seedbed Preparation Aids Natural Regeneration Of Longleaf Pine

Treesearch

Thomas C. Croker

1975-01-01

In south-Alabama, establishment, survival, and growth of longleaf pine were improved by winter or fall burning before seedfall. Mechanical seedbed preparation was helpful after a fire and imperative when no burn was made.

An Outside Perspective on Growing Longleaf Pine--Thoughts From A Nursery Manager in the Pacific Northwest

Treesearch

R. Kasten Dumroese

2002-01-01

Nursery managers in the Pacific Northwest have decades of experience growing pine seedlings in containers. This wealth of information may benefit the South's newly emerging longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) container nursery industry. Container seedling root morphology, seedling nutrition, and integrated pest management (sanitation, chemical...

Diameter Distributions of Longleaf Pine Plantations-A Neural Network Approach

Treesearch

Daniel J. Leduc; Thomas G. Matney; V. Clark Baldwin

1999-01-01

The distribution of trees into diameter classes in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) plantations does not tend to produce the smooth distributions common to other southern pines. While these distributions are sometimes unimodal, they are frequently bi- or even tri-modal and for this reason may not be easily modeled with traditional diameter...

Regenerating the Natural Longleaf Pine Forest

Treesearch

William D. Boyer

1979-01-01

Natural regeneration by the shldterwood system is a reliable, low-cost alternative for existing longleaf pine (Pine palustris Mill.) forests. The system is well suited to the nautral attributes and requirements of the species. It may be attractive to landownders wishing to retain a natural forest and aboid high costs of site preparation and...

Longleaf Pine Ground-Layer Vegetation in Francis Marion National Forest: Reintroduction, Restoration, and Vegetation Assembly

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Glitzenstein, J.; Streng, D.; Wade, D.

2001-01-01

Study represents significant progress in understanding of compositional gradients in longleaf pine plant communities of Central South Carolina. Study shows the importance of water table depths as a controlling variable with vegetation patterns in the field and similar effects in a garden experiment. Grass planting study suggests that observed field distributions of dormant pine savannah grasses derive from complex interactive effects of fire history, hydrology and light environments. Use of regional longleaf data set to identify candidate species for introduction also appears to be a pioneering effort.

Using existing growth models to predict RCW habitat development following site preparation: pitfalls of the process and potential growth response

Treesearch

Benjamin O. Knapp; Joan L. Walker

2013-01-01

Land managers throughout the Southeast are interested in restoring the longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) ecosystem, due in part to its value as habitat for the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis). In 2003, we established a study at Camp Lejeune, NC, to determine the effects of common site preparation...

Environmental Assessment for Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan Activities at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-28

and coordination services by planning for and adapting to a rapidly changing military mission. 2. Restore the longleaf pine ecosystem and recover...success by supporting the Eglin AFB NRS adaptive management efforts through statistically sound, scientifically based monitoring of community...conservation targets, including sandhills, flatwoods, steepheads, seepage slopes, and stream habitats. Ecological monitoring supports adaptive

Introducing close-range photogrammetry for characterizing forest understory plant diversity and surface fuel structure at fine scales

Treesearch

Benjamin C. Bright; E. Louise Loudermilk; Scott M. Pokswinski; Andrew T. Hudak; Joseph J. O' Brien

2016-01-01

Methods characterizing fine-scale fuels and plant diversity can advance understanding of plant-fire interactions across scales and help in efforts to monitor important ecosystems such as longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests of the southeastern United States. Here, we evaluate the utility of close-range photogrammetry for measuring fuels and plant...

Time series analysis of forest carbon dynamics: recovery of Pinus palustris physiology following a prescribed fire

Treesearch

G. Starr; C. L. Staudhammer; H. W. Loescher; R. Mitchell; A. Whelan; J. K. Hiers; J. J. O’Brien

2015-01-01

Frequency and intensity of fire determines the structure and regulates the function of savanna ecosystems worldwide, yet our understanding of prescribed fire impacts on carbon in these systems is rudimentary. We combined eddy covariance (EC) techniques and fuel consumption plots to examine the short-term response of longleaf pine forest carbon dynamics to one...

ESTATE ROAD WITH LONGLEAF PINE AND WIREGRASS HABITAT, NORTH OF ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

ESTATE ROAD WITH LONGLEAF PINE AND WIREGRASS HABITAT, NORTH OF NURSERY ROAD AND WEST OF HIGHWAY 87, FACING SOUTHEAST - Overhills, Fort Bragg Military Reservation, Approximately 15 miles NW of Fayetteville, Overhills, Harnett County, NC

Cone Storage and Seed Quality in Longleaf Pine

Treesearch

F.T. Bonner

1987-01-01

Immature cones of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) can be stored for at least 5 weeks without adversely affecting extraction or seed quality. Cone moisture should be below 50 percent before using heat to open cones.

Effects of Precommercial Thinning and Midstory Control on Avian and Small Mammal Communities during Longleaf Pine Savanna Restoration.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lane, Vanessa R; Kilgo, John C

Abstract - Restoring longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) savanna is a goal of many southern land managers, and longleaf plantations may provide a mechanism for savanna restoration. However, the effects of silvicultural treatments used in the management of longleaf pine plantations on wildlife communities are relatively unknown. Beginning in 1994, we examined effects of longleaf pine restoration with plantation silviculture on avian and small mammal communities using four treatments in four 8- to 11- year-old plantations within the Savannah River Site in South Carolina. Treatments included prescribed burning every 3 to 5 years, plus: (1) no additional treatment (burn-only control);more » (2) precommercial thinning; (3) non-pine woody control with herbicides; and (4) combined thinning and woody control. We surveyed birds (1996-2003) using 50-m point counts and small mammals with removal trapping. Thinning and woody control alone had short-lived effects on avian communities, and the combination treatment increased avian parameters over the burn-only control in all years. Small mammal abundance showed similar trends as avian abundance for all three treatments when compared with the burn-only control, but only for 2 years post-treatment. Both avian and small mammal communities were temporarily enhanced by controlling woody vegetation with chemicals in addition to prescribed fire and thinning. Therefore, precommercial thinning in longleaf plantations, particularly when combined with woody control and prescribed fire, may benefit early-successional avian and small mammal communities by developing stand conditions more typical of natural longleaf stands maintained by periodic fire.« less

Measuring the impact of prescribed fire management on the carbon balance of a flatwoods ecosystem in Kissimmee, Florida

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Becker, K.; Hinkle, C.

2012-12-01

It has been well documented that terrestrial ecosystems have a great potential to store and sequester carbon. Therefore, a former ranch land at the Disney Wilderness Preserve (DWP), Kissimmee, Florida, USA is being restored to native ecosystems and managed to preserve biodiversity and increase carbon storage. Here, we present measurements of C flux from an eddy covariance system located in a longleaf pine flatwoods ecosystem at DWP. C flux measurements were taken at the site before, during, and after a prescribed fire event. C stock measurements were also taken for aboveground biomass immediately before and after the fire, as well as one year post fire. This study indicated that this ecosystem typically serves as a net sink of C. However, the system became a net source of C immediately following the fire event, with a ~40% loss of aboveground C stock, but recovered to a net sink of C within 6 weeks of the fire. Annually this ecosystem was found to serve as a net C sink even with a prescribed fire event, with annual net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of 508 g C/m2 in a non-fire year (2010) and 237 g C/m2 in a fire year (2011). In addition to the fire, it is important to note that the growing season of 2011 was anomalously dry, which likely hindered productivity, and thus the NEP of the fire year would probably be more similar to the non-fire year under more typical hydrologic conditions. Despite the variability of rainfall between years, this study shows that the longleaf pine flatwoods ecosystem provides the service of C sequestration even in the context of frequent prescribed fire management.

A Comparison of the Ecological Effects of Herbicide and Prescribed Fire in a Mature Longleaf Pine Forest: Response of Juvenile and Overstory Pine

Treesearch

Jennifer L. Gagnon; Steven B. Jack

2004-01-01

Prescribed fire may be removed as a forest management tool by regulatory agencies concerned about air quality issues. Herbicides have been proposed as substitutes for prescribed fires in southern pine forests, but we are aware of no studies that examine the effects of herbicide application in mature, fire maintained longleaf pine (Pinus palustris...

Longleaf pine site response to repeated fertilization and forest floor removal by raking and prescribed burning

Treesearch

Kim Ludovici; Robert Eaton; Stanley Zarnoch

2018-01-01

Removal of forest floor litter by pine needle raking and prescribed burning is a common practice in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) stands on Coastal Plain sites in the Southeastern United States. Repeated removal of litter by raking and the loss of surface organic matter from controlled burns can affect the...

Season of burn and hardwood development in young longleaf pine stands

Treesearch

William D. Boyer

1993-01-01

Abstract.Four treatmems--bienniaI burns in winter, spring, and summer, and a no-bum control-were applied in plots in naturally established stands of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) Mill.). Treatments commenced in 1974, when the pines were 15 years old, and the most recent observations were made in 1992. Midstory hardwood density...

Longleaf pine characteristics associated with arthropods available for red-cockaded woodpeckers

Treesearch

James L. Hanula; Kathleen E. Franzreb; William D Pepper

2000-01-01

Red-cockaded woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) forage on the boles of living pine trees for a variety of arthropods. To assess the availability of prey under differing stand conditions, the authors sampled arthropods that crawled up the boles of 300 living longleaf pine trees (Pinus palustris) ranging in age from 20 to 100 years with...

A repellent to reduce mouse damage to longleaf pine seed

Treesearch

Dale L. Nolte; James P. Barnett

2000-01-01

Direct seeding is a potential method for reforestation of pines on many southern sites. The success of direct seeding, however, depends, at least in part, in reducing seed predation by birds and rodents. We conducted a series of tests to assess the efficacy of capsicum and thiram in reducing mouse damage to longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) seeds....

Variations in height-over-age curves for young longleaf pine plantations

Treesearch

William D. Boyer

1983-01-01

Abstract.Some environmental factors related to height growth of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) plantations were identified by analyses of data from remeasured plots. A total of 660 plots, mostly from the Southwide Pine Seed Source Study, provided 2,737 height-over-age observations from age 3 through ages 15 or 20 to 22. A...

Brown-Spot Needle Blight of Pines

Treesearch

W.R. Phelps; A.G. Kais; T.H. Nicholls

1978-01-01

Brown-spot needle blight, caused by Scirrhia acicola (Dearn.) Siggers, delays growth and causes mortality of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.). Brown spot reduces total annual growth of southern pines by more than 16 million cubic feet (0.453 million cubic meters) of timber. Damage is most severe on longleaf seedlings in the grass stage; i.e., those that have not...

Longleaf Pine Cone Crops and Climate: A Possible Link

Treesearch

Neil Pederson; John S. Kush; Ralph S. Meldahl; William D. Bayer

1999-01-01

The physiological development of longieaf pine seed extends over three calendar years. The duration of this process may explain the reason for infrequent seed crops. Infrequent crops cause problems for those interested in natural regeneration. Longleaf pine cone crops have been monitored on the Escambia Experimental Forest (EEF) in Brewton, AL since 1958. Weather data...

Comparison of arthropod prey of red-cockaded woodpeckers on the boles of long-leaf and loblolly pines

Treesearch

Scott Horn; James L. Hanula

2002-01-01

Red-cockaded woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) forage on the boles of most southern pines. Woodpeckers may select trees based on arthropod availability, yet no published studies have evaluated differences in arthropod abundance on different species of pines. We used knockdown insecticides to sample arthropods on longleaf (Pinus palustris...

Impact of cogongrass management strategies on generalist predators in cogongrass-infested longleaf pine plantations.

PubMed

Sells, Sallie M; Held, David W; Enloe, Stephen F; Loewenstein, Nancy J; Eckhardt, Lori G

2015-03-01

Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica Beav.) is an aggressive, invasive weed with a global distribution. In North America, it threatens the integrity of southeastern pine agroecosystems, including longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.). While studies have examined the impacts of cogongrass and various vegetation management strategies on longleaf pine understory plant communities, little is known about how they impact associated insect communities. To understand the effect of cogongrass management strategies on arthropod natural enemies and bark beetles, a split-plot design was used to test fire (whole-plot) and four subplot treatments (control, herbicide, seeding and herbicide plus seeding). Arthropods were sampled using pitfall traps and sweep samples. After 2 years of sampling, total natural enemies were not significantly affected by subplot treatment but were affected by burn treatment. Upon subdividing natural enemies into groups, only spiders were significantly affected by subplot treatment, but predatory beetles and ants were significantly affected by burn treatment. The abundance of root-feeding bark beetles (Hylastes spp.) was not significant by subplot or whole-plot treatments. Multiple applications of herbicide remain the most effective way to manage cogongrass in longleaf pine. In this study, we found limited evidence that cogongrass management with herbicides would negatively impact arthropod natural enemies associated with longleaf pine or locally increase root-feeding bark beetles. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry.

Initial effects from re-introducing fire in Alabama montane longleaf stands: fifty years since last burn

Treesearch

Sharon M. Hermann; John S. Kush

2010-01-01

In 2006, after more than fifty years with no burns, the National Park Service reintroduced fire in montane longleaf pine stands at Horseshoe Bend National Military Park in central AL. Residual longleaf pine stands indicates that this tree once dominated many slopes. The prolonged period of fire exclusion resulted in accumulation of duff and litter that exceeds 4 to 5...

Genetic transformation of Pinus palustris (longleaf pine)

Treesearch

Alex M. Diner

1999-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) is an important softwood species in the Southeast United States. In presettlement times, this species occupied extensive, pure stands throughout the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains from southeastern Virginia to eastern Texas, as well as south...

Vertical distribution and persistence of soil organic carbon in fire-adapted longleaf pine forests

Treesearch

John R. Butnor; Lisa J. Samuelson; Kurt H. Johnsen; Peter H. Anderson; Carlos A. Gonzalez Benecke; Claudia M. Boot; M. Francesca Cotrufo; Katherine A. Heckman; Jason A. Jackson; Thomas A. Stokes; Stanley J. Zarnoch

2017-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Miller) forests in the southern United States are being restored and actively managed for a variety of goals including: forest products, biodiversity, C sequestration and forest resilience in the face of repeated isturbances from hurricanes and climate change. Managed southern pine forests can be sinks for atmospheric...

Arthropod density and biomass in longleaf pines: effects of pine age and hardwood midstory

Treesearch

Richard N. Conner; Christopher S. Collins; Daniel Saenz; Toni Trees; Richard R. Schaefer; D. Craig Rudolph

2004-01-01

During a 2-year study we examined arthropod communities (density and biomass) on longleaf pines (Pinus palustris) in eastern Texas during spring, summer, and winter on trees in 3 age classes: 40-50, 60-70, and 130-1 50 years, as a potential food source for the red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis). We also examined arthropod...

Fire exclusion as a disturbance in the temperate forests of the USA: examples from longleaf pine forests

Treesearch

W. Keith Moser; Dale D. Wade

2005-01-01

Forest fires are a disturbance where the effects can range from benign to extreme devastation within a given ecosystem. The stage of stand development coupled with prior management dictates the amount and composition of potential fuels. Thus, fire policy exerts a strong influence on fire effects. Changes in cultural acceptance and use of tire typically drive fire...

Structure and Composition of Vegetation of Longleaf Pine Plantations Compared to Natural Stands Occurring Along an Environmental Gradient at the Savannah River Site

Treesearch

Gregory P. Smith; Victor B. Shelburne; Joan L. Walker

2002-01-01

Fifty-four plots in 33-43 year old longleaf pine plantations were compared to 30 remnant plots in longleaf stands on the Savannah River Site in South Carolina. Within these stands, the structure and composition of primarily the herb layer relative to a presumed soil moisture or soil texture gradient was studied using the North Carolina Vegetation Survey methodology....

Twenty Years of Prescribed Burning Influence the Development of Direct-Seeded Longleaf Pine on a Wet Pine Site in Louisiana

Treesearch

James D. Haywood; Harold E. Grelen

2000-01-01

Prescribed burning treatments were applied over a 20 yr period in a commonly randomized field study to determine the effects of various fire regimes on vegetation in a direct seeded standof longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.). Seeding was done in November 1968. The study area was broadcast-burned about 16 months after seeding. The initial...

Monoterpene persistence in the sapwood and heartwood of longleaf pine stumps: assessment of differences in composition and stability under field conditions

Treesearch

Thomas L. Eberhardt; Philip M. Sheridan; Jolie M. Mahfouz

2009-01-01

Monoterpenes in exudates, phloem and sapwood have received considerable attention relative to the active defenses of pine trees. However, little is known about the composition and function of the heartwood monoterpenes. To address this deficiency, monoterpene contents and relative compositions were determined for sapwood and heartwood samples from longleaf pine (Pinus...

Fire and longleaf pine physiology - Does timing affect response? In: Proc

Treesearch

Mary Anne Sword Sayer; James D. Haywood

2009-01-01

Southern pines vary in their response to the loss of leaf area by crown scorch. We hypothesize that they tolerate crown scorch by at least three recovery mechanisms, but the function of these mechanisms is season-dependent. Using sapling longleaf pine as a model and experimental results from central Louisiana, U.S.A., our objective is to present examples recovery from...

Old resinous turpentine stumps as an indicator of the range of longleaf pine in Southeastern Virginia

Treesearch

Thomas L. Eberhardt; Philip M. Sheridan; Jolie M. Mahfouz; Chi-Leung So

2006-01-01

Wood anatomy cannot be used to differentiate between the southern yellow pine species. Wood samples collected from old resinous turpentine stumps in coastal Virginia were subjected to chemical and spectroscopic analyses in an effort to determine if they could be identified as longleaf pine. The age and resinous nature of the samples were manifested in high specific...

Changes in Woodland Use from Longleaf Pine to Loblolly Pine

Treesearch

Yaoqi Zhang; Indrajit Majumdar; John Schelhas

2010-01-01

Abstract: There is growing evidence suggesting that the United States’ roots are not in a state of pristine nature but rather in a human-modified landscape over which Native people have since long exerted vast control and use. The longleaf pine is a typical woodland use largely shaped by fires, lightning and by Native Americans. The frequent fires, which were used to...

An old-growth definition for upland longleaf and south Florida slash pine forests, woodlands, and savannas

Treesearch

J. Larry Landers; William D. Boyer

1999-01-01

Upland longleaf pine forests, woodlands, and savannas once occupied most of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains from southeastern Virginia south through the northern two-thirds of Florida and west to east Texas, with extensions into the Piedmont and mountains of Alabama and northwest Georgia. South Florida slash pine is native to the southern half of peninsular...

Effects of canopy treatments on early growth of planted longleaf pine seedlings and ground vegetation in North Carolina: a preliminary study

Treesearch

Huifeng Hu; Benjamin O. Knapp; G. Geoff Wang; Joan L. Walker

2013-01-01

We installed a field experiment to support the development of protocols to restore longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) to existing mature loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) stands at Camp Lejeune, NC. Seven canopy treatments included four uniform and three gap treatments. The four uniform treatments were defined by target residual basal...

Soil physical effects on longleaf pine performance in the West Gulf Coastal Plain

Treesearch

Mary Anne S. Sayer; James D. Haywood; Shi-Jean Susana Sung

2015-01-01

We summarize 8 years of soil physical property responses to herbicide manipulation of the understory in two young longleaf pine stands growing on either Ruston fine sandy loam or Beauregard silt loam soils. We also describe relationships between pine sapling vigor and the soil physical environment across a 3-year period on the Ruston soil and a 2-year period on the...

Copper-Treated Containers Influence Root Development of Longleaf Pine Seedlings

Treesearch

James P. Barnett; John M. McGilvray

2002-01-01

Development of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings grown in CopperblockTM containers and BC/ CFC First ChoiceTM Styrofoam blocks, with applications of Spin Out® root growth regulator, were compared to control seedlings. The copper treatments significantly changed seedling morphology; at...

Regenerating Longleaf Pine Naturally

Treesearch

Thomas C. Croker; William D. Boyer

1975-01-01

Research has developed guides for consistent natural regeneration of longleaf pine by a shelterwood system. Key measures include hardwood control by fire and other means, timely preparatory and seed cuts, seed crop monitoring, seedbed preparation, protection of established seedlings, prompt removal of parent trees when reproduction is adequate, and control of...

Regenerating Longleaf Pine with Natural Seeding

Treesearch

William D. Boyer

1993-01-01

Natural regeneration is a practical and inexpensive option for existing longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests if all requirements for regeneration can be met. These requirements include an adequate seed supply, a seedbed of exposed mineral soil, timely control of competition, and protection of the established seedling stand. The shelterwood...

Moisture stress affects germination of longleaf and slash pine seeds

Treesearch

James P. Barnett

1969-01-01

Osmotic stresses greater than 8 atm markedly reduced germination of both Pinus palustris Mill. P. elliotii Engelm. seeds. At stresses of 18 or more atm, no germination occurred. Moisture content at the onset of germination was twice as high in longleaf as in slash pine seeds.

2008 interim guidelines for growing longleaf pine seedlings in container nurseries

Treesearch

R. Kasten Dumroese; James P. Barnett; D. Paul Jackson; Mark J. Hainds

2013-01-01

Production of container longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings for reforestation and restoration exceeds that of bare-root production, but information on container production techniques has been slow to develop. Because outplanting success requires quality seedlings, interim guidelines were proposed in 2002 to assist nursery managers and...

Longleaf pine site zones

Treesearch

Phillip J. Craul; John S. Kush; William D. Boyer

2005-01-01

The authors delineate six major climatic areas of the longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) region. They subdivide these areas into 21 site zones, each of which is deemed homogenous with respect to climate, physiography, and soils. The site zones are mapped and their climate, physiography, and soils described. The authors recommend that plantings of...

Longleaf Pine Seed Dispersal

Treesearch

William D. Boyer

1963-01-01

Production and dispersal of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seeds were sampled in 1955, 1957, and 1958 on the Escambia Experimental Forest in southwest Alabama.Two transects of seed traps were established at right angles to each of four forest walls enclosing a rectangular 80-acre clearing. Walls were oriented in the cardinal...

2008 interim guidelines for growing longleaf pine seedlings in container nurseries

Treesearch

R. Kasten Dumroese; James P. Barnett; D. Paul Jackson; Mark J. Hainds

2009-01-01

Production of container longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) seedlings for reforestation and restoration plantings exceeds that of bareroot production, but information on container production techniques has been slow to develop. Because success of those outplantings requires quality seedlings, interim guidelines were proposed in 2002 to assist nursery...

Long-term development of regeneration under longleaf pine seedtree and shelterwood stands

Treesearch

William D. Boyer

1993-01-01

Well-stocked mature longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) stands were cut tofive residual basal areas in 1957, namely 9,18,2 7.36, and 45 ft2 per ac, to observe the effect of stand density on seed production and seedling establishment. Seedlings, mainly from the 195.5 or 1961 seed crops, were established in treated stands. All pines on net 0.9 ac...

Effects of canopy structure and cultural treatments on the survival and growth of Pinus palustris Mill. seedlings underplanted in Pinus taeda L. stands

Treesearch

Benjamin O. Knapp; G. Geoff Wang; Joan L. Walker

2013-01-01

Longleaf pine restoration is a common management objective in the southeastern United States and requires artificial regeneration of longleaf pines on sites currently dominated by loblolly pine. In many cases, retention of canopy trees during stand conversion may be desirable to promote ecological function and meet conservation objectives. We tested the effects of...

A three-year demographic study of Harper's beauty (Harperocallis flava McDaniel), an endangered Florida endemic

Treesearch

Joan L. Walker; Andrea M. Silletti

2005-01-01

The longleaf pine ecosystem has high plant species richness, especially at small scales (Walker and Peet 1983, Peet and Allard 1993), and is characterized by a large number of narrowly endemic (Estill and Cruzan 2001, Le Blonde 2001, Sorrie and Weakley 2001) and rare species (Hardin and White 1989, Peet and Allard 1993, Walker 1993). Because of habitat loss and changes...

Mechanical Properties of Longleaf Pine Treated with Waterborne Salt Preservatives.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-08-01

were measured on small clear bending specimens of longleaf pine sapwood treated with three wateroorne salt preservative systems. Preservative...wood, but the results of past research in this area (appendix I: Literature) are inconsistent and inconclusive, particularly at high loadings of...pine sapwood either air or kiln dried after treatment to retentions from 0.25 to 2.5 lb/ft3. ACA has no effect on MOR. but CCA-type preservatives

Morphology, gas exchange, and chlorophyll content of longleaf pine seedlings in response to rooting volume, copper root pruning, and nitrogen supply in a container nursery

Treesearch

R. Kasten Dumroese; Shi-Jean Susana Sung; Jeremiah R. Pinto; Amy Ross-Davis; D. Andrew Scott

2013-01-01

Few pine species develop a seedling grass stage; this growth phase, characterized by strong, carrot-like taproots and a stem-less nature, poses unique challenges during nursery production. Fertilization levels beyond optimum could result in excessive diameter growth that reduces seedling quality as measured by the root bound index (RBI). We grew longleaf pine (Pinus...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zarnoch, Stanley J.; Blake, John I.; Parresol, Bernard R.

Snags are standing dead trees that are an important component in the nesting habitat of birds and other species. Although snag availability is believed to limit populations in managed and non-managed forests, little data are available to evaluate the relative effect of stand conditions and management on snag occurrence. We analyzed point sample data from an intensive forest inventory within an 80,000 ha landscape for four major forest types to support the hypotheses that routine low-intensity prescribed fire would increase, and thinning would decrease, snag occurrence. We employed path analysis to define a priori causal relationships to determine the directmore » and indirect effects of site quality, age, relative stand density index and fire for all forest types and thinning effects for loblolly pine and longleaf pine. Stand age was an important direct effect for loblolly pine, mixed pine-hardwoods and hardwoods, but not for longleaf pine. Snag occurrence in loblolly pine was increased by prescribed fire and decreased by thinning which confirmed our initial hypotheses. Although fire was not important in mixed pine-hardwoods, it was for hardwoods but the relationship depended on site quality. For longleaf pine the relative stand density index was the dominant variable affecting snag occurrence, which increased as the density index decreased. Site quality, age and thinning had significant indirect effects on snag occurrence in longleaf pine through their effects on the density index. Although age is an important condition affecting snag occurrence for most forest types, path analysis revealed that fire and density management practices within certain forest types can also have major beneficial effects, particularly in stands less than 60 years old.« less

Stocking Percent And Seedlings Per Acre In Naturally Established Longleaf Pine

Treesearch

William D. Boyer

1977-01-01

A relationship between milacre stocking and number of longleaf pine seedlings (Pinus palustris Mill.) per acre was derived from observations of 128 populations naturally established under a wide range of site conditions. The nonlinear regression obtained from the data was Y = 100 [1-(0.561)X], in which Y is the percentage...

Common Plants of Longleaf Pine-Bluestem Range

Treesearch

Harold E. Grelen; Vinson L. Duvall

1966-01-01

This publication describes many grasses, grasslike plants, forbs, and shrubs that inhabit longleaf pine-bluestem range. The species vary widely in importance; most produce forage palatable to cattle, some are noxious weeds, and others are valuable indicators of trends in range condition. All are abundant enough on certain sites, however, to require identification for...

Canopy disturbance and tree recruitment over two centuries in a managed longleaf pine landscape

Treesearch

Neil Pederson; J. Morgan Varner; Brian J. Palik

2008-01-01

Disturbance history was reconstructed across an 11300 ha managed longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) landscape in southwestern Georgia, USA. Our specific objectives were to: (i) determine forest age structure; (ii) reconstruct disturbance history through the relationship between canopy disturbance, tree recruitment and growth; and (iii) explore the...

Responses of groundcover under longleaf pine to biennial seasonal burning and hardwood control

Treesearch

William D. Boyer

1995-01-01

Abstract.Responses of understory vegetation to season of bum were followed in young, naturally established, stands of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.). Treatments included biennial burns in winter, spring, and summer, plus a no-bum check. Groundcover biomass was measured before treatment and again 7 and 9 years later. Total...

Growing Longleaf Pine Seedlings in Containers

Treesearch

James P. Barnett; John M. McGilvray

2000-01-01

We provide basic guidelines for nursery production of longleaf pine ( Pinus palustris P. Mill. [Pinaceae]) seedlings in containers. The best seedlings are spring sown, grown outdoors in full sun in cavities with a 100-ml (6 in3) volume, 11-cm (4.5 in) depth, and a density around 535 seedlings per m2 (...

Fire in longleaf pine stand management: an economic analysis

Treesearch

Rodney L. Busby; Donald G. Hodges

1999-01-01

A simulation analysis of the economics of using prescribed fire as a forest management tool in the management of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) plantations was conducted. A management regime using frequent prescribed fire was compared to management regimes involving fertilization and chemical release, chemical control, and mechanical control. Determining the...

Update on Longleaf Pine Seed Supply Meeting

Treesearch

Mark J. Hainds

2002-01-01

This is an update of the activities following the September 1999 meeting concerning measures that were discussed to address the longleaf pine seed supply shortage. The people in attendance were Dr. Dean Gjerstad, Mark Haines, Robert Gandy, Larry Bishop, Dr. Ron Carey, Dr. Carey's graduate student Steve Oak, Dr. Jim Barnett, and Jill Barbour

Exploring genetic diversity, physiologic expression and carbon dynamics in longleaf pine: a new study installation at the Harrison Experimental Forest

Treesearch

John R. Butnor; Kurt H. Johnsen; C. Dana Nelson

2012-01-01

In 1960, an experiment was established on the Harrison Experimental Forest in southeast Mississippi to compare productivity and wood properties of planted longleaf (Pinus palustris), loblolly (Pinus taeda), and slash (Pinus elliotii) pines under different management intensities: cultivation, cultivation plus...

A Genetic Linkage Map of Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) Based on Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs

Treesearch

C.D. Nelson; Thomas L. Kubisiak; M. Stine; W.L. Nance

1994-01-01

Eight megagametophyte DNA samples from a single longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) tree were used to screen 576 oligonucleotide primers for random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fragments. Primers amplifying repeatable polymorphic fragments were further characterized within a sample of 72 megagametophytes from the same tree. Fragments...

Annual and Geographic variations in cone production by longleaf pine

Treesearch

William D. Boyer

1987-01-01

Abstract.Cone production by longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) has been monitored on sample trees in shelterwood stands since 1966. Eleven locations, three each-in Alabama and Florida and one in Louisiana, Mississippi, Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina were included in the study. Each location had two test areas, with...

Longleaf pine flowering in response to nitrogen fertilization, branch girdling, growth substances, and cultivation

Treesearch

R.C. Hare; E.B. Snyder; R.C. Schmidtling

1977-01-01

Biweekly applications of 400 µg GA4/7 plus 25 µg NAA per bud from June 1 to August 10 promoted male and female flowering in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.), especially when combined with partial branch girdling and NH4N03 fertilization. Fertilization was the...

Root Disease, Longleaf Pine Mortality, and Prescribed Burning

Treesearch

William J. Otrosina; Charles H. Walkinshaw; Stanley J. Zarnoch; Shi-Jean S. Sung; Brian T. Sullivan

2002-01-01

Abstract - A study was initiated at the Savannah River Site, New Ellenton, SC, to determine factors involved in decline of longleaf pine associated with prescribed burning. Pretreatment and post-treatment surveys were conducted on all treatment plots. Symptomatic trees were recorded by means of a crown rating system based upon symptom severity. Three...

Above- and belowground competition from longleaf pine plantations limits performance of reintroduced herbaceous species

Treesearch

Timothy B. Harrington; Christa M. Dagley; M. Boyd Edwards

2002-01-01

Although overstory trees limit the abundance and species richness of herbaceous vegetation in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) plantations, the responsible mechanisms are poorly understood because of confounding among limiting factors. In fall 1998, research was initiated to determine the separate effects of above- and belowground competition...

Understory Restoration in Longleaf Pine Plantations: Overstory Effects of Competition and Needlefall

Treesearch

Christa M. Dagley; Timothy B. Harrington; M. Boyd Edwards

2002-01-01

Overstory and midstory vegetation layers strongly limit abundance and species richness of understory herbaceous plants in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) plantations. However, the separate effects of overstory competition and needlefall remain unknown and are the subject of this study. Four levels of overstory thinning were applied to 0.10-...

Longleaf Pine Seed Quality and Preparation For Sowing

Treesearch

Robert P. Karrfalt

2002-01-01

The ability to run a highly efficient container nursery is heavily dependent on having excellent seed quality. Longleaf (Pines palustris Mill.) seed quality, although frequently poor, can just as easily be high if care is taken to meet the biological requirements of this species at all steps from seed collection through preparation of seeds for...

The efficacy of breeding for brown spot disease resistance in longleaf pine

Treesearch

D.P. Gwaze; Larry H. Lott; C. Dana Nelson

2003-01-01

The study objective was to determine whether selection for brown spot disease (caused by Scirrhia acicola (Dearn.) Siggers) resistance in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) is beneficial for areas where brown spot is not present. Two groups of selections, comprising those that performed (survival and growth) well in the presence...

Fuel loading and fire intensity-effects on longleaf pine seedling survival

Treesearch

Steven B. Jack; J. Kevin Hiers; Robert J. Mitchell; Jennifer L. Gagnon

2010-01-01

Modeling silvicultural practices after natural disturbance, with a particular focus on the use of fire and small canopy openings, may be particularly appropriate in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) woodlands managed for multiple age classes and over long time scales. However, information about the effects of litter accumulation and fire...

Shading reduces growth of longleaf and loblolly pine seedlings in containers

Treesearch

James P. Barnett

1989-01-01

Development of longleaf (Pinus palustris Mill.) and loblolly (P. taeda L.) pine seediings growing under three light conditions--full sunlight, 30% shade, and 50% shade--was evaluated. Although there was little difference between development of seedlings in 30% and 50% shade, those grown is full sunlight were signiticantly larger...

Guidelines for Producing Longleaf Pine Seedlings in Containers

Treesearch

James P. Barnett; John M. McGilvray

1999-01-01

Although longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) is a highly desirable species, resisting fire, insects, and disease, and producing high quality solid wood products, it now occupies only about 5 percent of its original range. Regeneration of the species either by natural or artificial methods or by planting of bareroot nursery stock has been difficult...

Genetic fingerprinting of longleaf pine seed orchard clones following Hurricane Hugo

Treesearch

K. D. Jermstad; P.A. Guge; E.R. Carroll; S.T. Friedman; D.B. Neale

1993-01-01

Isozyme and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers were used to determine the genetic identities of 12 longleaf pine (Pinus palustrus Mill.) ramets whose identities came into question after Hurricane Hugo. Isozyme assays were performed for 12 enzyme systems representing 15 loci. Variation at 6 loci revealed unique identities for 6...

Comparison of RAPD Linkage Maps Constructed For a Single Longleaf Pine From Both Haploid and Diploid Mapping Populations

Treesearch

Thomas L. Kubisiak; C.Dana Nelson; W.L. Name; M. Stine

1996-01-01

Considerable concern has been voiced regarding the reproducibility/transferability of RAPD markers across different genetic backgrounds in genetic mapping experiments. Therefore, separate gametic subsets (mapping populations) were used to construct individual random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) linkage maps for a single longleaf pine (Pinus palustris...

Frequency and season of prescribed fire affect understory plant communities in longleaf pine stands

Treesearch

James D. Haywood

2012-01-01

Prescribed fire research on the Kisatchie National Forest in Louisiana spanned the last 7 decades and led to a greater understanding of fire behavior and the importance of fire in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) stands. Early research focused on management of the bluestem (Andropogon spp. and Schizachyrium...

Interim Site-index Curves for Longleaf Pine Plantations

Treesearch

William D. Boyer

1980-01-01

No single set of site-index curves can be uniformly applied to young longleaf pine plantations without a sacrifice in reliability. A recent study using plantation remeasurement data indicated that planting-site condition (old fields and mechanically prepared or unprepared cutover forest sites) has a major impact on early plantation height growth. Stand density (...

Intensive longleaf pine management for hurricane recovery: fourth-year results

Treesearch

David S. Dyson; Dale G. Brockway

2015-01-01

The frequency and intensity of hurricanes affecting the United States has been projected to increase during coming decades, and this rising level of cyclonic storm activity is expected to substantially damage southeastern forests. Although hurricane damage to forests in this region is not new, recent emphasis on longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill...

Activities That Increase Germination and Establishment of Longleaf Pine Seedlings in Containers

Treesearch

James P. Barnett

2002-01-01

Critical to the successful production of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) container stock is use of high quality seeds that are properly prepared and sown. Uniformity in germination and establishment in containers makes nursery production easier and more profitable for the grower. Activities that affect seedling performance include: time of seed...

Individual tree diameter, height, and volume functions for longleaf pine

Treesearch

Carlos A. Gonzalez-Benecke; Salvador A. Gezan; Timothy A. Martin; Wendell P. Cropper; Lisa J. Samuelson; Daniel J. Leduc

2014-01-01

Currently, little information is available to estimate individual tree attributes for longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.), an important tree species of the southeastern United States. The majority of available models are local, relying on stem diameter outside bark at breast height (dbh, cm) and not including stand-level parameters. We developed...

Pest Control For Container-Grown Longleaf Pine

Treesearch

Scott Enebak; Bill Carey

2002-01-01

Several insect, weed, and disease pests are discussed that have been observed affecting container-grown longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings. The available tools to minimize the effects of these pests are limited to a few select insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. Extreme care should be taken to ensure that the chemical chosen is...

Improving Longleaf Pine Seedling Production By Controlling Seed and Seedling Pathogens

Treesearch

James P. Barnett; John M. McGilvray

2002-01-01

The demand for container longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) planting stock is increasing across the Lower Gulf Coastal Plain. Poor-quality seeds and seedling losses during nursery culture further constrain a limited seed supply. Improved seed efficiency will be necessary to meet the need for increased seedling production. Seed presowing treatments...

Reducing Seed and Seedlings Pathogens Improves Longleaf Pine Seedlings Production

Treesearch

James P. Barnett; John M. McGilvray

2002-01-01

The demand for container longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) planting stock is increasing across the Lower Gulf Coastal Plain. Poor-quality seeds and seedling losses during nursery culture further constrain a limited seed supply. Improved seed efficiency will be necessary to meet the need for increased seedling production. We evaluated seed...

Mulch and Hexazinone Herbicide Shorten the Time Longleaf Pine Seedlings are in the Grass Stage and Increase Height Growth

Treesearch

James D. Haywood

2000-01-01

Herbaceous plant control with mulch or hexazinone herbicide influenced planted longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedling total height on a silt loam site in central Louisiana. The site had been sheared and windrowed in 1991, and rotary mowed before three treatments were...

Performance of Planted Herbaceous Species in Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) Plantations: Overstory Effects of Competition and Needlefall

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dagley, C.M.

2001-07-03

Research to determine the separate effects of above-ground and below-ground competition and needlefall of over-story pines on under-story plant performance. Periodic monitoring of over-story crown closure, soil water content, temperature, and nutrients were conducted. Results indicate competition for light had a more determental effect on performance of herbaceous species in longleaf pine plantations than that resulting from competition for below-ground resources.

Insect Pollinators of Three Rare Plants in a Florida Longleaf Pine Forest

Treesearch

Theresa Pitts-Singer; James L. Hanula; Joan L. Walker

2002-01-01

As a result of human activity, longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Miller) forests in the southern United States have been lost or drastically altered. Many of the plant species that historically occupied those forests now persist only as remnants and are classified as threatened or endangered. In order to safeguard such species, a better understanding of...

Stand conditions and tree characteristics affect quality of longleaf pine for red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees

Treesearch

W.G. Ross; D.L. Kulhavy; R.N. Conner

1997-01-01

We measured resin flow of longleaf (Pinus palustris Mill.) pines in red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis Vieillot) clusters in the Angelina National Forest in Texas, and the Apalachicola National Forest in Florida. Sample trees were categorized as active cavity trees, inactive cavity trees and control trees. Sample trees were further...

Improving Longleaf Pine Seedling Establishment in the Nursery by Reducing Seedcoat Microorganisms

Treesearch

James Barnett; Bill Pickens; Robert Karrfalt

1999-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seeds are sensitive to damage during collection, processing, and storage. Highquality seeds are essential for successful production of nursery crops that meet management goals and perform well in the field. We conducted a series of tests under laboratory and nursery conditions to evaluate what effect a number of...

Modeling survival, yield, volume partitioning and their response to thinning for longleaf pine plantations

Treesearch

Carlos A. Gonzalez-Benecke; Salvador A. Gezan; Daniel J. Leduc; Timothy A. Martin; Wendell P. Cropper Jr; Lisa J Samuelson

2012-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) is an important tree species of the southeast U.S. Currently there is no comprehensive stand-level growth and yield model for the species. The model system described here estimates site index (SI) if dominant height (Hdom) and stand age are known (inversely, the model can project H

Effects of Vegetation Management With Prescribed Fire on Soil Physical Properties in a Young Longleaf Pine Stand

Treesearch

W.B. Patterson; M.A. Sword-Sayer; J.D. Haywood; S. Brooker

2004-01-01

The intensity and frequency of prescribed fire affects soil properties that control its quality. This project evaluates how six vegetation management treatments, four of which include biennial prescribed fire, affect the soil physical properties in two stands of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) located on the Kisatchie National Forest, Rapides...

Nutrition challenges of longleaf pine in the southeast

Treesearch

M.A. Sword Sayer; L.G. Eckhardt; E.A. Carter

2009-01-01

Low vigor of longleaf pine has been reported at Fort Benning in Georgia, and Eglin Air Force Base in Florida. In an effort to determine the cause of this problem, foliar nutrition was assessed. Results indicated that macro- and micronutrients were generally sufficient regardless of vigor status. Foliar Mn, however, was elevated at both locations. Excess Mn has the...

Longleaf Pine Seed Presowing Treatements: Effects on Germination and Nursery Establishment

Treesearch

James P. Barnett; Bill Pickens; Robert Karrfalt

1999-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus patustris Mill.) seeds are sensitive to damage during collection, processing, and storage. High-quality seeds are essential for successful production of nursery crops that meet management goals and perform well in the field. A series of tests was conducted to evaluate the effect of a number of presowing treatments, e.g.,...

Controlled release fertilizer improves quality of container longleaf pine seedlings

Treesearch

R. Kasten Dumroese; Jeff Parkhurst; James P. Barnett

2005-01-01

In an operational trial, increasing the amount of nitrogen (N) applied to container longleaf pine seedlings by incorporating controlled release fertilizer (CRF) into the media improved seedling growth and quality. Compared with control seedlings that received 40 mg N, seedlings receiving 66 mg N through CRF supplemented with liquid fertilizer had needles that were 4 in...

Effects of prescribed fire on vegetation and fuel loads in longleaf pine stands in the bluestem range

Treesearch

James D. Haywood

2010-01-01

Three longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) sites in the bluestem (Andropogon spp. and Schizachyrium spp.) range were selected in Louisiana for a 40-month study: a shelterwood, a small pole stand, and a newly planted clearcut. On each site, two treatments were applied: check and prescribed fires (PF). Prescribed...

The quest for methods to identify longleaf pine stump relicts in Southeastern Virginia

Treesearch

Thomas L. Eberhardt; Philip M. Sheridan; Chi-Leung So; Arvind A.R. Bhuta; Karen G. Reed

2015-01-01

The discovery of lightwood and turpentine stumps in southeastern Virginia raised questions about the true historical range for longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.). Several investigative studies were therefore carried out to develop a method to determine the taxa of these relicts. Chemical approaches included the use of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy coupled with...

Fungi associated with longleaf pine containers before and after cleaning

Treesearch

Michelle M. Cram

2002-01-01

Soil was collected from used containers before and after they were cleaned at four nurseries that produce longleaf pine seedlings. The nurseries were located in Florida (FL), Georgia (GA), North Carolina (NC), and Mississippi (MS). The GA and MS nurseries used 5% and 10% bleach (sodium hypochlorite), respectively to clean containers, while the NC nursery used chlorine...

Practical guidelines for producing longleaf pine seedlings in containers

Treesearch

James P. Barnett; John M. McGilvray

1997-01-01

Longleaf pine, although widely distributed in the presettlement forests of the southern Coastal Plain, now occupies less than 10 percent of its original range. It is a highly desirable species because it resists fire, insects, and disease and produces excellent quality solid-wood products. Regeneration of the species either by natural methods or by planting of bare-...

Managing Longleaf Pine Under The Selection System - Promises and Problems

Treesearch

Robert M. Farrar; William D. Boyer

1991-01-01

Abstract.Six- and ten-year results are reported on group-selection management of two small tracts of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) in south Alabama. One stand is managed via volume control in the sawtimber component, the other is managed via a structure target, and both are prescription burned on a 3-year cycle. Information is...

Primary wood-products industries in the lower south

Treesearch

H.F. Smith

1940-01-01

The region' covered by the Forest Survey in the lower South embraces the commercially timbered areas of the Gulf States, Georgia, and parts of Arkansas, Oklahoma, Nissouri, Tennessee, and Kentucky. 17 This region is divided into four subregions, the longleaf-slash pine, the delta-hardwoods, "and two pine-hardwood areas, 'east and west. The longleaf-slash...

Effects of prescribed fire on production of foliage by sapling longleaf pine

Treesearch

Mary Anne Sword Sayer; J.C.G. Goelz; James D. Haywood

2006-01-01

We conducted an experiment that was designed to show how interaction between prescribed fire and branch phenology affects the growth of planted longleaf pine (Pinus palustris P. Mill.). Treatments were no control of vegetation, vegetation control by burning, and vegetation control by application of herbicides. In the plots burned in May 2003, > 50...

Developmental dynamics of longleaf pine seedling flushes and needles

Treesearch

Shi-Jean Susana Sung; Stanley J. Zarnoch; James D. Haywood; Daniel Leduc; Mary A. Sword-Sayer

2013-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings were grown for 27 weeks in containers of three cavity sizes and two cavity types (with and without copper coating) and then outplanted in central Louisiana in November 2004. Three seedlings from each plot were assessed repeatedly for shoot flush and needle development in 2007 and 2008. Cavity type had...

Site and stand factors affecting height growth curves of longleaf pine plantations

Treesearch

William D. Boyer

1981-01-01

Abstract Some factors related to the form of height-over- age curves in longleaf pine plantations were identified from analyses of 660 periodically remeasured plots.Seventy percent of the variation among 32 plantations in form the growth curve was accounted for by stratifying planting sites into old fields, mechanically prepared and unprepared cut-...

Root-infecting fungi associated with a decline of longleaf pine in the southeastern United States

Treesearch

William J. Otrosina; Diane Bannwart; Ronald W. Roncadori

1999-01-01

A 35-year-old longleaf pine stand exhibited trees in various stages of decline. A study was conducted to determine root-infecting fungi and other abnormalities associated with varying degrees of crown symptoms. A four-class crown symptom rating system was devised according to ascending symptom severity. Leptographium procerum and L....

Comparing Planting Tools for Container Longleaf Pine

Treesearch

Daniel J. Leduc; James D. Haywood; Shi-Jean Susana Sung

2011-01-01

We examined if compressing the soil to make a planting hole with a custom-built, solid round dibble versus coring the soil with a commercially available tube dibble influenced container-grown longleaf pine seedling development differently. Seven teen months after planting, the planting tool did not significantly affect root collar diameter, shoot or root mass, root-to-...

Spring Burn Aids Longleaf Pine Seedling Height Growth

Treesearch

William R. Maple

1977-01-01

Prescribed burning in midspring may stimulate height growth of longleaf pine seedlings. Seedlings were planted on sandy and clayey sites that were prescribed burned 2 years later. Treatments were cool, moderate, and hot burns and an unburned control. The hot, May burn significantly increased height growth of seedlings on the sandy site. The number of seedlings with 50...

Metapopulation dynamics of amphibians using isolated, ephemeral ponds in longleaf pine uplands of Florida

Treesearch

Cathryn H. Greenberg

1998-01-01

Several species of southeastern amphibians completely or facultatively depend upon small, ephemeral isolated ponds for reproduction, and inhabit surrounding uplands for much of their adult lives. However, spatio-temporal dynamics of pond use is little known. Since 1994, eight ephemeral ponds embedded within frequently (n=4) or infrequently (n=4) burned longleaf pine...

Fire Frequency Effects on Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris P. Miller) Vegetation in South Carolina and Northeast Florida, USA

Treesearch

Jeff S. Glitzenstein; Donna R. Streng; Dale D. Wade

2003-01-01

Southeastern United States habitats dominated by longleaf pine (Pinus pulutris P. Miller) have declined precipitously in area and extent. Conservation of diverse ground-layer vegetation in these endangered habitats depends on prescribed fire. While the need for prescribed fire is now generally accepted, there is disagreement concerning the most...

Improving longleaf pine mortality predictions in the Southern Variant of the Forest Vegetation Simulator

Treesearch

R. Justin DeRose; John D. Shaw; Giorgio Vacchiano; James N. Long

2008-01-01

The Southern Variant of the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS-SN) is made up of individual submodels that predict tree growth, recruitment and mortality. Forest managers on Ft. Bragg, North Carolina, discovered biologically unrealistic longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) size-density predictions at large diameters when using FVS-SN to project red-cockaded...

Quantitative Trait Inheritance in a Forty-Year-Old Longleaf Pine Partial Diallel Test

Treesearch

Michael Stine; Jim Roberds; C. Dana Nelson; David P. Gwaze; Todd Shupe; Les Groom

2002-01-01

A longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) 13 parent partial diallel field experiment was established at two locations on the Harrison Experimental Forest in 1960. Parent trees were randomly selected from a natural population growing on the Harrison Experimental Forest, near Gulfport, Miss. Distance between trees chosen as parents ranged from 13 to 357...

On the number of genes controlling the grass stage in longleaf pine

Treesearch

C. Dana Nelson; C. Weng; Thomas L. Kubisiak; M. Stine; C.L. Brown

2003-01-01

The grass stage is an inherent and distinctive developmental trait of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris), in which height growth in the first few years after germination is suppressed. In operational forestry practice the grass stage extends for nvo to several years and often plays a role in planting failures and decisions to plant alternative species....

Are prescribed fire and thinning dominant processes affecting snag occurrence at a landscape scale?

DOE PAGES

Zarnoch, Stanley J.; Blake, John I.; Parresol, Bernard R.

2014-11-01

Snags are standing dead trees that are an important component in the nesting habitat of birds and other species. Although snag availability is believed to limit populations in managed and non-managed forests, little data are available to evaluate the relative effect of stand conditions and management on snag occurrence. We analyzed point sample data from an intensive forest inventory within an 80,000 ha landscape for four major forest types to support the hypotheses that routine low-intensity prescribed fire would increase, and thinning would decrease, snag occurrence. We employed path analysis to define a priori causal relationships to determine the directmore » and indirect effects of site quality, age, relative stand density index and fire for all forest types and thinning effects for loblolly pine and longleaf pine. Stand age was an important direct effect for loblolly pine, mixed pine-hardwoods and hardwoods, but not for longleaf pine. Snag occurrence in loblolly pine was increased by prescribed fire and decreased by thinning which confirmed our initial hypotheses. Although fire was not important in mixed pine-hardwoods, it was for hardwoods but the relationship depended on site quality. For longleaf pine the relative stand density index was the dominant variable affecting snag occurrence, which increased as the density index decreased. Site quality, age and thinning had significant indirect effects on snag occurrence in longleaf pine through their effects on the density index. Although age is an important condition affecting snag occurrence for most forest types, path analysis revealed that fire and density management practices within certain forest types can also have major beneficial effects, particularly in stands less than 60 years old.« less

Early density management of longleaf pine reduces susceptibility to ice storm damage

Treesearch

Timothy B. Harrington; Thaddeus A. Harrington

2016-01-01

The Pax winter storm of February 2014 caused widespread damage to forest stands throughout the southeastern U.S. In a long-term study of savanna plant community restoration at the Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC, precommercial thinning (PCT) of 8- to 11-year-old plantations of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) in 1994 reduced...

Long term studies on development of longleaf pine plantations

Treesearch

Jeffery C. Goelz; Daniel J. Leduc

2000-01-01

The U.S. Forest Service's Laboratory at Pineville, LA has established and maintained over 250 permanent plots in longleaf pine plantations. This database represents a range of sites in south-central United States. Some of these plots represent over 50 years of stand development in plantations currently over 65 years old. All of the plots have recorded 20 years or...

How does fire affect longleaf pine roots carbohydrates, foliar nutrients, and sapling growth?

Treesearch

Eric A. Kuehler; Marry Anne Sword Sayer; C. Dan Andries

2006-01-01

In central Louisiana, we conducted a prescribed-fire study in a 5-year-old longleaf pine (Pinus palustris P. Mill.) stand to evaluate the effects of fire on fine-root (2- to 5-mm diameter) carbohydrates, dormant season foliar nutrients, and sapling growth. Control, burn, and nonburned vegetation control treatments were studied using a randomized...

Comparing seven planting tools for container-grown longleaf pine seedlings

Treesearch

James D. Haywood; Daniel J. Leduc; Shi-Jean S. Sung

2013-01-01

We compared seven tools for planting container-grown longleaf pine seedlings in fine sandy loam in Louisiana and in fine sand in Alabama. The tools were (1) JIM-GEM® KBC dibble bar, (2) JIM-GEM® OST Dibble Bar, (3) Terra Tech Styro 8 Dibble Stick, (4) container seedling tube dibble, (5) hoedad, (6) auger, and (7) shovel....

Current-year flush and needle development in longleaf pine saplings after a dormant season prescribed fire

Treesearch

Shi-Jean S. Sung; James D. Haywood; Mary Anne S. Sayer

2015-01-01

A longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) field performance study was established in central Louisiana in 2004. The study has received three prescribed burns (February 2006, May 2009, and February 2012) since establishment. In late April 2012, 35 saplings were selected and classified based on ocular estimates of needle mass scorch percentages. Mean...

Understory Plant Community Response to Season of Burn in Natural Longleaf Pine Forests

Treesearch

John S. Kush; Ralph S. Meldahl; William D. Boyer

2000-01-01

A season of burn study was initiated in 1973 on the Escambia Experimental Forest, near Brewton, Alabama. All study plots were established in the 14-year-old longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) stands. Treatments consisted of biennial burns in winter, spring, and summer, plus a no-burn check. Objectives of the current study were to determine...

Slow down, don't burn too fast... Got to make that old-growth last!

Treesearch

John S. Kush; J. Morgan Varner; Ralph S. Meldahl

1998-01-01

Remaining old-growth longleaf pine acreage (1996): 3902 ha (9755 ac) Longleaf pine forests have been termed critically endangered, with less than three percent of its former area remaining. The remaining forest exists in a variety of conditions, ranging from pristine to highly degraded. For the degraded stands, ecokgiil restoration has,been employed to improve the...

Site Index Curves for Direct-Seeded Loblolly and Longleaf Pines in Louisiana

Treesearch

Quang V. Cao; V. Clark Baldwin; Richard E. Lohrey

1995-01-01

Site index equations were developed for direct-seeded loblollypine (Pinus taeda L.) and longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) based on data from 148 and 75 permanent plots, respectively. These plots varied from 0.053 to 0.119 ac in size, and were established in broadcast, row, and spot seeded stands throughout Louisiana. The Bailey and Clutter (1974) model was...

Eighteen years of seasonal burning in longleaf pine:effects on overstory the growth [Abstract

Treesearch

William D. Boyer

1993-01-01

The effects of several hardwood control treatments on understory succession and overstory growth have been followed for 19 years on a Coastal Plain site in southwest Alabama. The study began in 1973, with 12 treatment combinations in 14-year-old naturally established longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) thinned to about 500 stems/acre. Four burning...

Occurrence of fire in longleaf pine stands in the Southeastern United States

Treesearch

Kenneth W. Outcalt

2000-01-01

A healthy understory commmunity is a key factor in maintaining the biodiversity of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) stands, and there appears to be a strong relationship between the occurrence of fire and the condition of the understory vegetauon. Generally, the understory is healthier in burned areas than in those not burned. TO assess the USC of...

Fire, herbicide, and chainsaw felling effects on arthropods in fire-suppressed longleaf pine sandhills at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida

Treesearch

Louis Provencher; Krista E. M. Galley; Andrea R. Litt; Doria R. Gordon; Leonard A. Brennan; George W. Tanner; Jeffrey L. Hardesty

2002-01-01

Experimentally evaluating the success of hardwood reduction techniques against a "model" reference condition of longleaf pine sandhill communities is not directly possible because reference sites are not randomized or replicated. We addressed this issue by measuring the similarity of arthropods in treatment (fire, herbicide, felling/girdling, and control) and...

Air lateral root pruning affects longleaf pine seedling root system morphology

Treesearch

Shi-Jean Susana Sung; Dave Haywood

2016-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) seedlings were cultured with air lateral root pruning (side-vented containers, VT) or without (solid-walled containers, SW). Seedling root system morphology and growth were assessed before planting and 8 and 14 months after planting. Although VT seedlings had greater root collar diameter than the SW before planting,...

Long-Term Container Effects on Root System Architecture of Longleaf Pine

Treesearch

Shi-Jean S. Sung; James D. Haywood; Stanley J. Zarnoch; Mary Anne Sword Sayer

2009-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings cultured in three container cavity volumes and two cavity types (regular or copper oxychloride coating for root pruning) were excavated three years after planting in 2007 in Louisiana, U.S.A. Copper root pruning did not affect seedling growth. Seedlings from small cavities (60 ml) were smaller than those from medium (93...

Predicting and Projecting Stand Dominant Height From Inventory Data For Young Longleaf Pine Plantations in Southwest Georgia

Treesearch

John R. Brooks

2004-01-01

A stand dominant height prediction technique, based solely on diameter distribution and total height data from standard inventory procedures, was investigated. The data consist of 15 managed longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) plantations that are part of a growth and yield study located in Worth, Mitchell, and Baker counties in southwest Georgia....

Air Temperature, Heat Sums, and Pollen Shedding Phenology of Longleaf Pine

Treesearch

William D. Boyer

1972-01-01

Between 1957 and 1966, pollen shedding by longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) in southwestern Alabama peaked at dates ranging from February 23 to April 3. January 1 and 50°F was the combination of starting date and threshold air temperature that minimized annual variations in heat sums before the trees flowered. The heat sum required for peak...

Association between severity of prescribed burns and subsequent activity of conifer-infesting beetles in stands of longleaf pine

Treesearch

Brian T. Sullivan; Christopher J. Fettig; William J. Otrosina; Mark J. Dalusky; C. Wayne Berisford

2003-01-01

A randomized complete block experiment was performed to measure the effect of prescribed, dormant-season burns of three different levels of severity (measured as fuel consumption and soil surface heating) on subsequent insect infestation and mortality of mature longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.). Multiple-funnel traps baited with a low release...

Transient expression of GUS in bombarded embryogenic longleaf, loblolly, and eastern white pine

Treesearch

Alex M. Diner; Allan Zipf; Rufina Ward; Yinghua Huang; George Brown

1999-01-01

Embryogenic tissue cultures derived from immature zygotic embryos of longleaf, loblolly, and eastern white pine were maintained in culture for up to 2 years, then bombarded with gold particles coated with a gene construct containing the GUS reporter gene fused to an adenine methyltransferase promoter from an algal virus. Physiological expression of GUS was observed in...

Effects of site preparation treatments on early growth and survival of planted longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings in North Carolina

Treesearch

Benjamin O. Knapp; G. Geoff Wang; Joan L. Walker; Susan Cohen

2006-01-01

We tested the effects of eight site preparation treatments on early growth and survival of container-grown longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings. Treatments included an untreated check, six combinations of two initial vegetation control treatments (chopping or herbicide) with three planting site conditions (flat [no additional treatment],...

Stand dynamics of an old-field longleaf pine stand following herbicide application, poor survival, and subsequent replanting

Treesearch

E. David Dickens; Bryan C. McElvany; David J. Moorhead; Philip R. Torrance; P. Mark Crosby

2010-01-01

A study area in Emanuel County, GA installed to discern the effectiveness of various herbicides over newly planted (December 1999) longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings on an old-field site. Survival and height growth data after herbicide treatment indicate that the early (April 7, 2000) Oust+Velpar L herbicide treatment gave greater...

Herbaceous weed control in an old-field planted longleaf pine stand

Treesearch

Bryan C. McElvany; E. David Dickens; Philip R. Torrance

2006-01-01

Abstract—Over 110,000 acres of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) have been planted on old fields in Georgia since 1998 in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). Part of the CRP guidelines mandate that no more than 500 trees acre-1 are planted. This relatively low planting density, coupled with shade intolerance and high cost of containerized...

Longleaf pine inner bark and outer bark thicknesses: Measurement and relevance

Treesearch

Thomas Eberhardt

2013-01-01

Measurements of bark thickness generally ignore the fact that bark is comprised of both living inner bark (phloem) and essentially dead outer bark (rhytidome).Discerning between them has ramifications for the utility of bark as a byproduct of timber harvesting and its functionality on a living tree. Inner bark and outer bark thicknesses for longleaf pine (Pinus...

Long-term effects of biennial prescribed fires on the growth of longleaf pine

Treesearch

William D. Boyer

2000-01-01

The effects of several hardwood control treatments on understory succession and overstory growth have been followed for 22 years on a Coastal Plain site in southwest Alabama. The study began in 1973, with 12 treatment combinations in 14-year-old naturally established longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) thinned to about 1,236 stems per hectare (500 stems...

Genetic diversity in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris): influence of historical and prehistorical events

Treesearch

Ronald C. Schmidtling; V. Hipkins

1998-01-01

Genetic diversity of allozymes at 24 loci was studied in 23 populations of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.), including three seed orchard populations and an old-growth stand. Overall, the mean number of alleles per polymorphic locus was 2.9, the percentage of polymorphic loci was 92 percent, and the mean expected heterozygosity was 0.105. These...

A Height–Diameter Curve for Longleaf Pine Plantations in the Gulf Coastal Plain

Treesearch

Daniel Leduc; Jeffery Goelz

2009-01-01

Tree height is a critical component of a complete growth-and-yield model because it is one of the primary components used in volume calculation. To develop an equation to predict total height from dbh for longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) plantations in the West Gulf region, many different sigmoidal curve forms, weighting functions, and ways of...

Analysis of seasonal, diurnal, and noctural growth patterns of young longleaf pine

Treesearch

John C. Gilbert; Ralph S. Meldahl; John S. Kush; William D. Boyer

2006-01-01

Forty longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) trees initially ranging from 1 to 1.5 m in height were measured on the Escambia Experimental Forest from 1969 through 1980. The trees were evenly divided between two soil types. From 1969 through 1970, height and diameter measurements were recorded one to four times weekly during the growing seasons and...

Spatial analysis of longleaf pine stand dynamics after 60 years of management

Treesearch

John C. Gilbert; John S. Kush; Rebecca J. Barlow

2012-01-01

There are still many questions and misconceptions about the stand dynamics of naturally-regenerated longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.). Since 1948, the “Farm Forty,” a forty-acre tract located on the USDA Forest Service Escambia Experimental Forest near Brewton, Alabama, has been managed to create high quality wood products, to successfully...

Thickness and roughness measurements for air-dried longleaf pine bark

Treesearch

Thomas L. Eberhardt

2015-01-01

Bark thicknesses for longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) were investigated using disks collected from trees harvested on a 70-year-old plantation. Maximum inner bark thickness was relatively constant along the tree bole whereas maximum outer bark thickness showed a definite decrease from the base of the tree to the top. The minimum whole bark thickness followed the...

Brown-spot resistance in natural stands of longleaf pine seedlings

Treesearch

William D. Boyer

1972-01-01

An average of 10 percent of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings in several natural populations remained nearly free of brown-spot needle blight (Scirrhia acicola (Dearn.) Siggers) year after year, despite high injection levels in the population as a whole. In one study, these individuals averaged 8 feet taller at age 24 than surviving trees that were less...

Precommercial thinning intensity in longleaf pine: effect on product volume and value

Treesearch

John S. Kush; William D. Boyer; Ralph S. Meldahl; George A. Ward

1998-01-01

The possible benefit of precommercial thinning in longleaf pine was evaluated from a spacing study initiated in 1967 on the Escambia Experimental Forest in Brewton, AL. The study was established in dense, naturally established, seedling stands 9 years from seed. Plots were thinned to densities of 300, 600, 900, 1200, and 1500 trees/acre. Later, the initial range of...

Local calibration of the Forest Vegetation simulator (FVS) using custom inventory data

Treesearch

J. D. Shaw; G. Vacchiano; R. J. DeRose; A. Brough; A. Kusbach; J. N. Long

2006-01-01

Fort Bragg, North Carolina includes over 65,000 acres of longleaf pine forest, which is primary habitat for the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker (RCW). Effective management of the RCW depends on effective management of the longleaf pine forest. However, growth and yield models available in the geographic area that includes Fort Bragg over-predict stand growth and...

The influence of canopy, sky condition, and solar angle on light quality in a longleaf pine woodland

Treesearch

Stephen D. Pecot; Stephen B. Horsley; Michael A. Battaglia; Robert J. Mitchell

2005-01-01

Light transmittance estimates under open, heterogeneous woodland canopies such as those of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests report high spatial and temporal variation in the quantity of the light environment. In addition, light quality, that is, the ratio of red to far-red light (R:FR), regulates important aspects of plant...

Overstory-derived surface fuels mediate plant species diversity in frequently burned longleaf pine forests

Treesearch

Jane E. Dell; Lora A. Richards; Joseph J. O’Brien; E. Louise Loudermilk; Andrew T. Hudak; Scott M. Pokswinski; Benjamin C. Bright; J. Kevin Hiers; Brett W. Williams; Lee A. Dyer

2017-01-01

Frequently burned low-latitude coniferous forests maintain a high-diversity understory. Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests and woodlands have exceptionally high diversity at fine scales and very frequent fire return intervals (1–3 yr). Furthermore, the positive association between high-frequency, low-intensity surface fires and high species richness in...

Ant community change across a ground vegetation gradient in north Florida's longleaf pine flatwoods

PubMed Central

Lubertazzi, David; Tschinkel, Walter R.

2003-01-01

Ant communities in longleaf pine habitats are poorly known and hence the naturally occurring ant assemblages of a large portion of southeastern North America are not well understood. This study examined the diverse ant community found in the longleaf pine flatwoods of north Florida and tested how ant diversity changes along a herbaceous ground cover gradient. Restoring the ground cover to its original floral composition is an important focus of longleaf pine conservation and hence it is important to understand how native faunal communities vary with ground cover variation. Using 4 sampling methods, we characterized the ant community and analyzed its within-habitat variation among 12 study sites. We found the highest plot species richness (55 species) and within-habitat species richness (72 species) ever recorded for North American ants. The ants formed three distinct communities. The low-diversity arboreal and subterranean assemblages varied little across forest stands while the diversity of the species-rich ground foraging ant community was negatively correlated with percent herbaceous cover. The imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (monogyne form), was unexpectedly found to be abundant in high herbaceous cover sites. Floral restoration of the pine flatwoods, which is increasing the proportion of herbaceous cover, is likely to cause an increase in the abundance of the imported fire ant. Abbreviation: ANF Apalachicola National Forest PMID:15841237

Relationships between green anoles (Anolis carolinensis) and shrub-level vegetation in fire-maintained longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) forests of eastern Texas.

Treesearch

Richard R. Schaefer; Robert R. Fleet; D. Craig Rudolph; Nancy E. Koerth

2016-01-01

We examined habitat use by Anolis carolinensis (Green Anole) at perch heights ≤5 m, particularly in relation to woody shrub-level vegetation, in fire-maintained Pinus palustris (Longleaf Pine) forest stands on the Angelina National Forest in eastern Texas. We surveyed Green Anoles in 2 stands, within 20 established plots per...

Nursery Cultural Practices and Morphological Arrtibutes of Longleaf Pine Bare-Root Stock as Indicators of Early Field Performance

Treesearch

Glyndon E. Hatchell; H. David Muse

1990-01-01

Longleaf pine seedlings performed satisfactorily after planting on deep sands in South Carolina in dry years when: (1) They were vertically root-pruned in the nursery. (2) They had 14 or more first-order lateral roots and nonfibrous root systems. (3) They had six or more first-order lateral roots and highly fibrous root systems.

Growth and Yield Predictions for Thinned Stands of Even-aged Natural Longleaf Pine

Treesearch

Robert M. Farrar

1979-01-01

This paper presents a system of equations and resulting tables that can predict stand volumes for thinned natural longleaf pine. The system can predict current and future total stand volume in cubic feet and merchantable stand volume in cubic feet, cords, and board feet. The system also provides for estimating dry-weight production of wood. The system uses input data...

Compatible taper and volume equations for young longleaf pine plantations in southwest Georgia

Treesearch

Lichun Jiang; John R. Brooks; Alexander Clark

2010-01-01

Inside and outside bark taper equations as well as compatible cubic foot volume equations were developed from felled tree data selected from young longleaf pine plantations that are part of an existing growth and yield study located in the Flint River drainage of southwest Georgia. A Max-Burkhart taper model was selected as the basic model form due to the accuracy...

Root system architecture: The invisible trait in container longleaf pine seedlings

Treesearch

Shi-Jean Susana Sung; R. Kasten Dumroese

2013-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings cultured in four cavity volumes (60 to 336 ml [3.7 to 20.5 cubic inches]), two root pruning treatments (with or without copper coating), and 3 nitrogen levels (low to high) were grown for 29 weeks before they were outplanted into an open area in central Louisiana. Twenty-two months after outplanting, 3 seedlings were...

Understory plant community response after 23 years of hardwood control treatments in natural longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) forests

Treesearch

John S. Kush; Ralph S. Meldahl; William D. Boyer

1999-01-01

In 1973, a study was established in south-central Alabama, U.S.A., to determine the effects of hardwood control treatments on understory succession and overstory growth in natural stands of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.). The treatments were seasonal biennial burns and a no-burn check, each combined with three supplemental hardwood control...

Ground-dwelling arthropod association with coarse woody debris following long-term dormant season prescribed burning in the longleaf pine flatwoods of north Florida.

Treesearch

J.L. Hanula; D.D. Wade; J. O' Brien; S.C. Loeb

2009-01-01

A 5·year study of long· term (40 years) study plots was conducted on the Osceola National·Forest in northern Florida to determine how dormant-season fire frequency (annual, biennial,quadrennial, or unburned) affects ground-dwelling macroarthropod use of coarsewoody debris in longleaf pine (Pinus...

Long-term changes in flowering and cone production by longleaf pine

Treesearch

William D. Boyer

1998-01-01

Abstract.Cone production by longleaf pine has been followed for up to 30 years in regeneration areas at five to nine coastal plain sites from North Carolina to Louisiana. A rapid increase in the size and frequency of cone crops has occured since 1986 following 20 years of relative stability. Cone production for the last 10 years averaged 36 cones per...

Competitive responses of seedlings and understory plants in longleaf pine woodlands: separating canopy influences above and below ground

Treesearch

Stephen D. Pecot; Robert J. Mitchell; Brian J. Palik; Barry Moser; J. Kevin Hiers

2007-01-01

A trenching study was used to investigate above- and below-ground competition in a longleaf pine (Pinus palustris P. Mill.) woodland. Trenched and nontrenched plots were replicated in the woodland matrix, at gap edges, and in gap centers representing a range of overstory stocking. One-half of each plot received a herbicide treatment to remove the...

Methodology and preliminary results of evaluating stem displacement and assessing root system architecture of longleaf pine saplings

Treesearch

Shi-Jean S. Sung; Daniel J. Leduc; James D. Haywood; Thomas L. Eberhardt; Mary Anne Sword Sayer; Stanley J. Zarnoch

2012-01-01

A field experiment of the effects of container cavity size and root pruning type on longleaf pine was established in November, 2004, in central Louisiana. Sapling stems were first observed to be leaning after hurricane Gustav (September, 2008) and again in August, 2009. To examine the relationship between stem displacement and root system architecture, a stem-displaced...

Effects of basal area on survival and growth of longleaf pine when practicing selection silviculture

Treesearch

Ferhat Kara; Edward F. Loewenstein; Dale G. Brockway

2017-01-01

Aim of study: Uneven-aged (UEA) management systems can achieve multiple-use objectives, however, use of UEA techniques to manage longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests are still open to question, because of the species’ intolerance of competition. It was our aim to examine the influence of different levels (9.2, 13.8 and...

Weather effects on the success of longleaf pine cone crops

Treesearch

Daniel J. Leduc; Shi-Jean Susana Sung; Dale G. Brockway; Mary Anne Sword Sayer

2016-01-01

We used National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration weather data and historical records of cone crops from across the South to relate weather conditions to the yield of cones in 10 longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) stands. Seed development in this species occurs over a three-year time period and weather conditions during any part of this...

Sixty years of management on a small longleaf pine forest: a technical note

Treesearch

R.J. Barlow; J.S. Kush; William D. Boyer

2011-01-01

In 1948, the US Forest Service set aside a 40-ac tract on the Escambia Experimental Forest in South Alabama to demonstrate longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) management for the small landowner. At that time, the management goal for this "Farm 40" was to produce high-quality poles and logs on a 60-year rotation. The goal was to be accomplished entirely...

Long-term effects of fire and fire-return interval on population structure and growth of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris)

Treesearch

Chelcy R. Ford; Emily S. Minor; Gordon A. Fox

2010-01-01

We investigated the effect of fire and fire frequency on stand structure and longleaf pine (Pinus palustris P. Mill.) growth and population demography in an experimental research area in a southwest Florida sandhill community. Data were collected from replicated plots that had prescribed fire-return intervals of 1, 2, 5, or 7 years or were left...

Destroyed virgin longleaf pine stand lives-on digitally

Treesearch

John C. Gilbert; S. Kush; Rebecca J. Barlow

2015-01-01

The Flomaton Natural Area (FNA) once stood as one of the few remnant fragments of virgin, old-growth longleaf pine stands (Pinus palustris Mill.) in the Southeast. This 80-acre stand contained trees over 200 years old. A restoration effort began in 1994 to remove off-site trees and to reintroduce fire to the site after over 40 years of fire suppression. A geographic...

Effects of herbaceous and woody plant control on Pinus palustris growth and foliar nutrients through six growing seasons

Treesearch

James D. Haywood

2005-01-01

To determine if either herbaceous or woody plants are more competitive with longleaf pine (Pinuspalustris P. Mill.) seedlings, two vegetation management treatments-herbaceous plant control (HPC, No or Yes) and woody plant control (WPC, No or Yes) were applied in newly established longleaf pine plantings in a randomized complete block 2 x 2 factorial...

PPSITE - A New Method of Site Evaluation for Longleaf Pine: Model Development and User's Guide

Treesearch

Constance A. Harrington

1990-01-01

A model was developed to predict site index (base age 50 years) for longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.). The model, named PPSITE, was based on soil characteristics, site location on the landscape, and land history. The model was constrained so that the relationship between site index and each soil-site variable was consistent with what was known...

Sixty years of management on a small longleaf pine forest

Treesearch

Rebecca J. Barlow; John S. Kush; William D. Boyer

2013-01-01

A management demonstration in a 40-acre tract of second-growth longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) had its 60th anniversary in 2008. A demonstration was initiated by the U.S. Forest Service in 1948 on the Escambia Experimental Forest in south Alabama. At the time, the management goal for this Farm Forty was to produce high-quality poles and logs on...

Proportional basal area method for implementing selection silviculture systems in longleaf pine forests

Treesearch

Dale G. Brockway; Edward F. Loewenstein; Kenneth W. Outcalt

2014-01-01

Proportional basal area (Pro-B) was developed as an accurate, easy-to-use method for making uneven-aged silviculture a practical management option. Following less than 3 h of training, forest staff from a range of professional backgrounds used Pro-B in an operational-scale field study to apply single-tree selection and group selection systems in longleaf pine (Pinus...

A Generational Change in Site Index for Naturally Established Longleaf Pine on a South Alabama Coastal Plain Site

Treesearch

William D. Boyer

2001-01-01

Research on longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) has been carried out for over 50 yr on a coastal plain site in south Alabama. Studies havie included the original second-growth stands and also naturally established third-growth stands. Site index data revealed that estimated site index values for third growth generally exceeded those for second...

A generational change in site index for naturally established longleaf pine on a south Alabama Coastal Plain site

Treesearch

William D. Boyer

2001-01-01

Research on longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) has been carried out for over 50 yr on a Coastal Plain site in south Alabama. Studies have included the original second-growth stands and also naturally established third-growth stands. Site index data revealed that estimated site index values for third growth generally exceeded those for second...

Longleaf Pine Root System Development and Seedling Quality in Response to Copper Root Pruning and Cavity Size

Treesearch

Mary Anne Sword Sayer; Shi-Jean Susana Sung; James D. Haywood

2011-01-01

Cultural practices that modify root system structure in the plug of container-grown seedlings have the potential to improve root system function after planting. Our objective was to assess how copper root pruning affects the quality and root system development of longleaf pine seedlings grown in three cavity sizes in a greenhouse. Copper root pruning increased seedling...

Copper Root Pruning and Container Cavity Size Influence Longleaf Pine Growth through Five Growing Seasons

Treesearch

James D. Haywood; Shi-Jean Susana Sung; Mary Anne Sword Sayer

2012-01-01

However, type and size of container can influence field performance. In this study, longleaf pine seedlings were grown in Beaver Plastics Styroblocks either without a copper treatment (Superblock) or with a copper oxychloride coating (Copperblock) and with three sizes of cavities that were 60, 108, and 164 ml. Seedlings from the six container types (two types of...

Longleaf pine cone collection on the Sabine National Forest during October 2014

Treesearch

George F. Weick; Earlene Bracy Jackson; Robert Smith; James Crooks; Barbara Crane; James M. Guldin

2017-01-01

Longleaf pine is known as an unpredictable seed producer, with adequate or better seed crops occurring once every 5 years or longer. However, in the spring before seed fall, good cone crops can be predicted by visually counting green cones in the canopy, which by then are large enough to be seen, especially when binoculars of suitable power are used. During the spring...

Wood quality for longleaf pines: a spacing, thinning and pruning study on the Kisatchie National Forest

Treesearch

Chi-Leung So; Thomas L. Eberhardt; Daniel J. Leduc; Leslie H. Groom; Jeffery C. G. Goelz

2010-01-01

Twenty 70-year-old longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) trees were harvested from a spacing, thinning, and pruning study on the Kisatchie National Forest, LA. Tree property mapping was used to show the property variation within and between three of the trees. The construction of such maps is both time consuming and cost prohibitive using traditional...

May Burns Stimulate Growth in Longleaf Pine Seedlings

Treesearch

Harold E. Grelen

1978-01-01

Annual and biennial fires applied around May 1 are more beneficial to the growth of young longleaf pines than March 1 fires. Four years of testing on a poorly drained silt loam soil in central Louisiana showed that more grass-stage seedlings survived. began height growth, and grew taller on plots burned in May than on March-burned plots. A biennial May burn was best...

Modeling the Differential Sensitivity of Loblolly Pine to Climatic Change Using Tree Rings

Treesearch

Edward R. Cook; Warren L. Nance; Paul J. Krusic; James Grissom

1998-01-01

The Southwide Pine Seed Source Study (SPSSS) was undertaken in 1951 to determine to what extent inherent geographic variation in four southern pine species (loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L.; slash pine, P. elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii; longleaf pine, P. palutris Mill.; and shortleaf pine,

A Mid-IR Multivariate Analysis Study on the Gross Calorific Value in Longleaf Pine: Impact on Correlations with Lignin and Extractive Contents

Treesearch

Chi-Leung So; Thomas L. Eberhardt

2013-01-01

Twenty 70-year-old longleaf pine trees from a spacing, thinning, and pruning study were harvested, from which samples were analyzed for gross calorific value (GCV). A strong correlation was found between GCV and extractive contents for the unextracted wood samples. Although lignin content should impact GCV, no correlation was found between the variation in GCV with...

Effects of container cavity size and copper coating on field performance of container-grown longleaf pine seedlings

Treesearch

Shi-Jean Susana Sung; James D. Haywood; Mary A. Sword-Sayer; Kristina F. Connor; D. Andrew Scott

2010-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings were grown for 27 weeks in 3 container cavity sizes [small (S), medium (M), and large (L)], and half the containers were coated with copper (Cu). In November 2004, we planted 144 seedlings from each of 6 container treatments in each of 4 replications in central LA. All plots were burned in February 2006...

Long-term impact of aerial application of 2,4,5-T to longleaf pine (Pinus palustris)

Treesearch

J.L. Michael

1980-01-01

Twenty years after aerial application of 2.24 kg ae/ha of the butoxy ethanol ester of 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) acetic acid] to release grass stage longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings, stocking was the same for each of the three treated and control 4-ha plots. Treated plots, however, had significantly greater tree diameter (10%),...

Surface soil root distribution and possible interaction with site factors in a young longleaf pine stand

Treesearch

Mary Anne Sword Sayer

2013-01-01

Interaction between soil bulk density and low soil water content may create root growth-limiting soil strengths. In a Louisiana longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) stand, soil strength at the zero- to 20.0-cm depth was assessed in response to no fire or biennial fires in May. At the 5.0- to 20.0-cm depth, one-half of the measurements were...

Cavity size and copper root pruning affect production and establishment of container-grown longleaf pine seedlings

Treesearch

Marry Anne Sword Sayer; James D. Haywood; Shi-Jean Susana Sung

2009-01-01

With six container types, we tested the effects of cavity size (i.e., 60, 93, and 170 ml) and copper root pruning on the root system development of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings grown in a greenhouse. We then evaluated root egress during a root growth potential test and assessed seedling morphology and root system development 1 year after planting in...

Ground-dwelling arthropod association with coarse woody debris following long-term dormant season prescribed burning in the longleaf pine flatwoods of North Carolina

Treesearch

James L Hanula; Dale Wade; Joseph O' Brien; Susan Loeb

2009-01-01

A 5-year study of long-term (40 years) study plots was conducted on the Osceola National Forest in northern Florida to determine how dormant-season fire frequency (annual, biennial, quadrennial, or unburned) affects ground-dwelling macroarthropod use of coarse woody debris in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests. Pitfall traps were used to sample arthropods...

Artificially regenerating longleaf pine on wet sites: preliminary analysis of effects of site preparation treatments on early survival and growth

Treesearch

Benjamin O. Knapp; G. Geoff Wang; Joan L. Walker

2010-01-01

Our study, conducted over two years on poorly drained, sandy sites in Onslow County, NC, compared the effects of eight common site preparation treatments on early survival and growth of planted longleaf pine seedlings. Through two growing seasons, we found survival to be similar across all treatments (p = 0.8806), but root collar diameter was greatest with combinations...

Fungicides improve field performance of stored loblolly and longleaf pine seedlings

Treesearch

John C. Brissette

1996-01-01

Seedlings of loblolly and longleaf pine lifted in December, January, and February were treated with either benomyl or ridomil before cold storage. Along with an untreated control, they were planted after cold storage of less than 1 wk, 3 wk, and 6 wk. Survival was measured in mid-June after planting, and after 1 and 4 yr in the field. Total height was measured after 4...

Structure and composition changes following restoration treatments of longleaf pine forests on the Gulf Coastal Plain of Alabama

Treesearch

K.W. Outcalt; D.G. Brockway

2010-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests of the Gulf Coastal Plain historically burned every 2–4 years with low intensity fires, which maintained open stands with herbaceous dominated understories. During the early and mid 20th century however, reduced fire frequency allowed fuel to accumulate and hardwoods to increase in the midstory and overstory layers, while...

Modeling the effects of forest management on in situ and ex situ longleaf pine forest carbon stocks

Treesearch

C.A. Gonzalez-Benecke; L.J. Samuelson; T.A. Martin; W.P. Cropper Jr; Kurt Johnsen; T.A. Stokes; John Butnor; P.H. Anderson

2015-01-01

Assessment of forest carbon storage dynamics requires a variety of techniques including simulation models. We developed a hybrid model to assess the effects of silvicultural management systems on carbon (C) budgets in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) plantations in the southeastern U.S. To simulate in situ C pools, the model integrates a growth and yield model...

Grazing Potential of Louisiana Pine Forest-Ranges

Treesearch

Herbert S. Sternitzke

1975-01-01

Louisiana's 5 million acres of pine forest-range have an estimated forage potential for 135,776 yearlong cow-calf units. Two-thirds of the units can be sustained on loblolly-shortleaf pine ranges; the rest, on longleaf-slash pine ranges.

Tree planters notes. Volume 43, Number 3, Summer 1992. Quarterly report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mangold, R.; Nisley, R.; Karrfalt, R.

Contents: survival and growth of planted alaska-cedar seedling in southeast southeast alaska; propagation of loblolly, slash, and longleaf pine from needle fascicles; moisture determination on seeds of honeylocust and mimosa; performance of himalayan blue pine in the northeastern united states; advantages of an effective weed control program for populus hybrids; pales weevil: a serious threat to longleaf pine production; costs and cost component trends of trends of hand and machine planting in the southern united states (1952 to 1990); comparison of a drill-type seeder and a vacuum-drum precision seeder in a virginia loblolly pine nursery; missoula technology and development center'smore » nursery and reforestation programs.« less

Changes in soil chemistry six months after prescribed fire in a longleaf pine plantation in Mississippi

Treesearch

John R. Butnor; Kurt H. Johnsen; C. Dana Nelson

2016-01-01

Prescribed fire is used to reduce hardwood competition, enhance herbaceous biodiversity, and improve forage quality in longleaf pine stands. These are primarily low intensity, dormant season burns, during which a portion of the biomass in shrub, herb, and the forest floor layers are combusted. Burning releases elemental nutrients bound in biomass, and there are several...

Effect of time elapsed after prescribed burning in longleaf pine stands on potential prey of the red-cockaded woodpecker

Treesearch

Kirsten C. New; James L. Hanula

1998-01-01

The effects of dormant and growing season prescribed burns on the potential arthropod prey of the red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) were studied in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) stands on the upper Coastal Plain of South Carolina. Sampling was conducted 0, 1, 2, or 3 years post burn. Stands were burned once during the winters of 1991, 1992, 1993, and...

Nursery Cultural Practices and Morphological Attributes of Longleaf Pine Bare-Root Stock as Indicators of Early Field Performance

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Glyndon E. Hatchell, Research Forester, Retired Institute for Mycorrhizal Research and Development Athens, Georgia and H. David Muse, Professor Department of Mathematics University of North Alabama Florence, Alabama

1990-02-01

A large study of morphological attributes of longleaf pine nursery stock at the Savannah River site of the various attributes measured, only number of lateral roots and seedling diameters were related to performance. Lateral root pruning in the nursery also improved performance. Both survival and growth during the first two years were strongly correlated with larger stem diameter and larger root system development.

The Escambia Experimental Forest Marks Fifty Years of Research on the Ecology and Management of Longleaf Pine

Treesearch

William D. Boyer; George A. Ward; John S. Kush

1997-01-01

The Escambia Experimental Forest was formally established on April 1,1947, when the T.R. Miller Mill Company of Brewton, AL, provided land, at no cost, to the USDA Forest Service through a 99 yr lease. This 3000 ac tract in southwest Alabama was selected as typical of second-growth longleaf pine forests that, at the time, covered about 6.2 million ac in south Alabama...

Predicting Stand and Stock Tables from a Spacing Study in Naturally Regenerated Longleaf Pine

Treesearch

Robert M. Farrar

1985-01-01

A prediction system is presented whereby stand and stock tables are calculated for young natural longleaf pine stands of varying initial density. Tables can be output for stand conditions of 10 to 20 years of age, 300 to 1,500 initial trees per acre (at age lo), and 70 to 80 feet in site index (index age 50). The system also allows one to translate from density...

Overstory and understory relationships in longleaf pine plantations 14 years after thinning and woody control.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Harrington, Timothy, B.

2011-09-09

To develop silvicultural strategies for restoring longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) savannas, mortality and growth of overstory pines and midstory hardwoods and abundance and species richness of herbs were studied for 14 years after pine thinning and nonpine woody control. Pine cover in thinned stands was about half of that in nonthinned stands through year 5, but it lagged by only 8% and 3% in years 9 and 14, respectively, because of vigorous crown responses. Despite a cumulative mortality of 64% of hardwood stems from prescribed fires in years 0, 4, and 9, hardwood basal area in thinned stands (2.1more » m2/ha) was three times that in nonthinned stands (0.7 m2/ha) in year 14. Thinning was associated with 13%-22% more cover and six to eight more species of herbs in years 3-8 but only 6% more cover and two more species in year 14 because of accelerated growth of pine cover and hardwood basal area. However, similar increases in cover and richness of herb species in the woody control treatment were retained through year 14 because it had sustained reductions in hardwood and shrub abundance. Silvicultural strategies that substantially delay encroachment by pines, hardwoods, and shrubs will be those most effective at retaining herb species in longleaf pine savannas, including planting pines at wide spacing, periodic thinning and woody control, and frequent burning.« less

Intermediate time scale response of atmospheric CO 2 following prescribed fire in a longleaf pine forest

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Viner, Brian; Parker, M.; Maze, G.

Fire plays an essential role in maintaining the structure and function of longleaf pine ecosystems. While the effects of fire on carbon cycle have been measured in previous studies for short periods during a burn and for multiyear periods following the burn, information on how carbon cycle is influenced by such changes over the span of a few weeks to months has yet to be quantified. We have analyzed high-frequency measurements of CO 2 concentration and flux, as well as associated micrometeorological variables, at three levels of the tall Aiken AmeriFlux tower during and after a prescribed burn. Measurements ofmore » the CO 2 concentration and vertical fluxes were examined as well as calculated net ecosystem exchange (NEE) for periods prior to and after the burn. Large spikes in both CO 2 concentration and CO 2 flux during the fire and increases in atmospheric CO 2 concentration and reduced CO 2 flux were observed for several weeks following the burn, particularly below the forest canopy. Both CO 2 measurements and NEE were found to return to their preburn states within 60–90 days following the burn when no statistical significance was found between preburn and postburn NEE. Furthermore, this study examines the micrometeorological conditions during a low-intensity prescribed burn and its short-term effects on local CO 2 dynamics in a forested environment by identifying observable impacts on local measurements of atmospheric CO 2 concentration and fluxes.« less

Sources, sinks, and spatial ecology of cotton mice in longleaf pine stands undergoing restoration

USGS Publications Warehouse

Sharp, N.W.; Mitchell, M.S.; Grand, J.B.

2009-01-01

The Fire and Fire Surrogate studya replicated, manipulative experimentsought the most economically and ecologically efficient way to restore the nation's fire-maintained ecosystems. As part of this study, we conducted a 3-year markrecapture study, comprising 105,000 trap-nights, to assess demographic responses of cotton mice (Peromyscus gossypinus) to Fire and Fire Surrogate treatments at the Gulf Coastal Plain site, where longleaf pine was the ecosystem to be restored. We compared competing models to evaluate restoration effects on variation in apparent survival and recruitment over time, space, and treatment, and incorporated measures of available source habitat for cotton mice with reverse-time modeling to infer immigration from outside the study area. The top-ranked survival model contained only variation over time, but the closely ranked 2nd and 3rd models included variation over space and treatment, respectively. The top 4 recruitment models all included effects for availability of source habitat and treatments. Burning appeared to degrade habitat quality for cotton mice, showing demographic characteristics of a sink, but treatments combining fire with thinning of trees or application of herbicide to the understory appeared to improve habitat quality, possibly creating sources. Bottomland hardwoods outside the study also acted as sources by providing immigrants to experimental units. Models suggested that population dynamics operated over multiple spatial scales. Treatments applied to 15-ha stands probably only caused local variation in vital rates within the larger population. ?? 2009 American Society of Mammalogists.

Intermediate time scale response of atmospheric CO 2 following prescribed fire in a longleaf pine forest

DOE PAGES

Viner, Brian; Parker, M.; Maze, G.; ...

2016-10-12

Fire plays an essential role in maintaining the structure and function of longleaf pine ecosystems. While the effects of fire on carbon cycle have been measured in previous studies for short periods during a burn and for multiyear periods following the burn, information on how carbon cycle is influenced by such changes over the span of a few weeks to months has yet to be quantified. We have analyzed high-frequency measurements of CO 2 concentration and flux, as well as associated micrometeorological variables, at three levels of the tall Aiken AmeriFlux tower during and after a prescribed burn. Measurements ofmore » the CO 2 concentration and vertical fluxes were examined as well as calculated net ecosystem exchange (NEE) for periods prior to and after the burn. Large spikes in both CO 2 concentration and CO 2 flux during the fire and increases in atmospheric CO 2 concentration and reduced CO 2 flux were observed for several weeks following the burn, particularly below the forest canopy. Both CO 2 measurements and NEE were found to return to their preburn states within 60–90 days following the burn when no statistical significance was found between preburn and postburn NEE. Furthermore, this study examines the micrometeorological conditions during a low-intensity prescribed burn and its short-term effects on local CO 2 dynamics in a forested environment by identifying observable impacts on local measurements of atmospheric CO 2 concentration and fluxes.« less

Intermediate time scale response of atmospheric CO2 following prescribed fire in a longleaf pine forest

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Viner, B.; Parker, M.; Maze, G.; Varnedoe, P.; Leclerc, M.; Starr, G.; Aubrey, D.; Zhang, G.; Duarte, H.

2016-10-01

Fire plays an essential role in maintaining the structure and function of longleaf pine ecosystems. While the effects of fire on carbon cycle have been measured in previous studies for short periods during a burn and for multiyear periods following the burn, information on how carbon cycle is influenced by such changes over the span of a few weeks to months has yet to be quantified. We have analyzed high-frequency measurements of CO2 concentration and flux, as well as associated micrometeorological variables, at three levels of the tall Aiken AmeriFlux tower during and after a prescribed burn. Measurements of the CO2 concentration and vertical fluxes were examined as well as calculated net ecosystem exchange (NEE) for periods prior to and after the burn. Large spikes in both CO2 concentration and CO2 flux during the fire and increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration and reduced CO2 flux were observed for several weeks following the burn, particularly below the forest canopy. Both CO2 measurements and NEE were found to return to their preburn states within 60-90 days following the burn when no statistical significance was found between preburn and postburn NEE. This study examines the micrometeorological conditions during a low-intensity prescribed burn and its short-term effects on local CO2 dynamics in a forested environment by identifying observable impacts on local measurements of atmospheric CO2 concentration and fluxes.

The health of loblolly pine stands at Fort Benning, GA

Treesearch

Soung-Ryoul Ryu; G. Geoff Wang; Joan L. Walker

2013-01-01

Approximately two-thirds of the red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) (RCW) groups at Fort Benning, GA, depend on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) stands for nesting or foraging. However, loblolly pine stands are suspected to decline. Forest managers want to replace loblolly pine with longleaf pine (P. palustris...

Influence of herbicides and felling, fertilization, and prescribed fire on longleaf pine growth and understory vegetation through ten growing seasons and the outcome of an ensuing wildfire

Treesearch

James D. Haywood

2011-01-01

Restoring longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) over much of its original range requires artificial regeneration. In central Louisiana, USA, two fertilization levels - No (NF) or Yes (F-36 kg/ha N and 40 kg/ha P) in combination with three vegetation treatments - Check, four prescribed fires (PF), or multi-year vegetation control by herbicidal and mechanical means (IVM...

Container longleaf pine seedling morphology in response to varying rates of nitrogen fertilization in the nursery and subsequent growth after outplanting

Treesearch

D. Paul Jackson; R. Kasten Dumroese; James P. Barnett; William B. Patterson

2007-01-01

A fertilization rate of 2 or 3 mg nitrogen (N) per week for 20 weeks yielded longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) seedlings grown inside a greenhouse that survived well and produced good root collar diameter (RCD) growth the first year after outplanting. Of a range of fertilization rates (0.5 to 4 mg N/week), the 2 mg rate yielded seedlings that did not...

Impact of Hurricane Ivan on the regional longleaf pine growth study: is there a relation to site or stand conditions?

Treesearch

John S. Kush; John C. Gilbert

2010-01-01

The US Forest Service Regional Longleaf Pine Growth Study (RLGS) began its eighth re-measurement (40th year) during 2004 autumn. The study has 305 plots of which 171 plots are located on the Escambia Experimental Forest (EEF) in Brewton AL. EEF is operated by the U.S. Forest Service in cooperation with the T.R. Miller Mill Company. The RLGS has plots distributed across...

The effects of precommercial thinning and midstory-control on the flora and fauna of young longleaf pine plantations.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Simmons, Robert.

2007-05-01

I examined the effects of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) restoration using plantation silviculture on the avian, small mammal, and herpetofauna communities on the Savannah River Site, a National Environmental Research Park near Aiken, South Carolina. Vertebrate populations were surveyed from 1995 through 2003 on a series of plantations that had been precommercially thinned and/or received midstory-control via herbicides between 1994 and 1996. Understory and overstory vegetation was surveyed from 1994 through 2004. Thinning and midstory vegetation reduction treatments had greater herbaceous cover than the control through 2004 after a 1-2 year decline on midstory-control plots. Initially, thinned plots had themore » greatest herbaceous cover. However from 1998 through 2004, the combined treatment had the most herbaceous cover. Without midstory-control, thinning released midstory hardwoods. The effect of thinning or midstory-control alone on bird abundance was positive but short-lived. The positive effects were larger and persisted longer on combined treatment plots. My results indicate that precommercial thinning longleaf plantations, particularly when combined with midstory-control and prescribed fire, had a modest beneficial impact on avian communities by developing stand conditions more typical of natural longleaf stands maintained by periodic fire. All treatments resulted in short-term increases in small mammal abundance, but effects were minimal by 5-7 years after treatment. By 2001, pine basal area had returned to pre-treatment levels on thinned plots suggesting that frequent thinning may be required to maintain abundant and diverse small mammal communities in longleaf pine plantations. I did not detect any treatment related differences in herpetofauna abundance. These results suggest that restoring longleaf with a combination of precommercial thinning, midstory-control with herbicides, and prescribed fire can have a short-term positive effect on the avian and small mammal communities without affecting the herpetofauna community. However, periodic thinnings may be necessary to extend the positive effects.« less

A Hydraulically Operated Pine Cone Cutter

Treesearch

Carl W. Fatzinger; M.T. Proveaux

1971-01-01

Mature cones of slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) and longleaf pine (P. palustris Mill.) can be easily bisected along their longitudinal axes with the hydraulic pine cone cutter described. This cutter eliminates the two major problems of earlier models--undue operator fatigue and the...

State of pine decline in the southeastern United States

Treesearch

Lori Eckhardt; Mary Anne Sword Sayer; Don Imm

2010-01-01

Pine decline is an emerging forest health issue in the southeastern United States. Observations suggest pine decline is caused by environmental stress arising from competition, weather, insects and fungi, anthropogenic disturbances, and previous management. The problem is most severe for loblolly pine on sites that historically supported longleaf pine, are highly...

Red-cockaded woodpecker nestling provisioning and reproduction in two different pine habitats

Treesearch

Richard R. Schaefer; Richard N. Conner; D. Craig Rudolph; Daniel Saenz

2004-01-01

We obtained nestling provisioning and rcpntductive data from 24 Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) groups occupying two different pine habitats-longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) and a mixture of loblolly (P. taeda) and shortleaf pine (P. echinata)--in eastern Texas during 1990 and 1901....

Effects of prescribed fire and other plant community restoration treatments on tree mortality, bark beetles, and other saproxylic coleoptera of longleaf pine, Pinus palustris Mill., on the coastal plain of Alabama

Treesearch

Joshua W. Campbell; James L. Hanula; Kenneth W. Outcalt

2008-01-01

Treatments to restore understory plant communities of mature (50-80-year old) longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) and reduce risks of wildfire were applied to 10 ha plots that had a substantial shrub layer due to lack of fire. Plots were located in the Coastal Plain of Alabama and treatments consisted of: (1) untreated control, (2) growing season...

Above- and belowground competition from longleaf pine plantations limits performance of reintroduced herbaceous species.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

T.B. Harrington; C.M. Dagley; M.B. Edwards.

2003-10-01

Although overstory trees limit the abundance and species richness of herbaceous vegetation in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) plantations, the responsible mechanisms are poorly understood because of confounding among limiting factors. In fall 1998, research was initiated to determine the separate effects of above- and belowground competition and needlefall from overstory pines on understory plant performance. Three 13- to 15-yr-old plantations near Aiken, SC, were thinned to 0, 25, 50, or 100% of nonthinned basal area (19.5 m2 ha-1). Combinations of trenching (to eliminate root competition) and needlefall were applied to areas within each plot, and containerized seedlings of 14more » perennial herbaceous species and longleaf pine were planted within each. Overstory crown closure ranged from 0 to 81%, and soil water and available nitrogen varied consistently with pine stocking, trenching, or their combination. Cover of planted species decreased an average of 16.5 and 14.1% as a result of above- and below-ground competition, respectively. Depending on species, needlefall effects were positive, negative, or negligible. Results indicate that understory restoration will be most successful when herbaceous species are established within canopy openings (0.1-0.2 ha) managed to minimize negative effects from above- and belowground competition and needlefall.« less

Freeze injury to southern pine seedlings

Treesearch

David B. South

2006-01-01

Freeze injury to roots and shoots of pines is affected by genotype and nursery practices. Local sources of shortleaf pine and Virginia pine that are grown in nurseries in USDA hardiness Zones 6 and 7a are relatively freeze tolerant. However, loblolly pine, slash pine, and longleaf pine seedlings have been injured by a number of freeze events (0 to 24 °F) in hardiness...

An Old-Growth Definition for Wet Pine Forests, Woodlands, and Savannas

Treesearch

William R. Harms

1996-01-01

The ecological, site, and vegetation characteristics of pine wetland forests of the flatwoods region of the Southeastern United States are described. Provisional working definitions of old-growth characteristics are provided for longleaf pine, slash pine, and pond pine forests. These definitions can be used to identify and evaluate stands for retention in old-growth...

Potting Media Affect Growth and Disease Development of Container-Grown Southern Pines

Treesearch

William H. Pawuk

1981-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) and shortleaf pine (P. echinata Mill.) seedlings grew best in equal parts of peat and vermiculite with a low pH. Seedlings grew better in shredded pine cone media than pine bark media. Growth increased when soil or vermiculite was added to cone or bark chips. Commercial bark-vermiculite...

A Guide to Southern Pine Seed Sources

Treesearch

Clark W. Lantz; John F. Kraus

1987-01-01

The selection of an appropriate seed source is critical for successful southern pine plantations. Guides for selection of seed sources are presented for loblolly, slash, longleaf, Virginia, shortleaf, and sand pines. Separate recommendations are given for areas where fusiform-rust hazard is high.

Disturbance from southern pine beetle, suppression, and wildfire affects vegetation composition in central Louisiana: a case study

Treesearch

T.W. Coleman; Alton Martin; J.R. Meeker

2010-01-01

We assessed plant composition and forest succession following tree mortality from infestation of southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis), associated suppression, and wildfire in two forest types, pine (Pinus spp.) with mixed hardwood and longleaf pine (P. palustris). In this case study, vegetation was...

Interim Guidelines Growing Longleaf Seedlings in Containers

Treesearch

James P. Barnett; Mark J. Hainds; George A. Hernandez

2002-01-01

These interim guidelines are designed for producers and users of longleaf pine container stock. They are not meant to exclude any container product. The seedling specifications listed in the preferred category are attainable by the grower and will result in excellent field sur vival and early height growth.

Western yellow pine in Arizona and New Mexico

Treesearch

Theodore S. Woolsey

1911-01-01

Western yellow pine is to the Southwest what white pine is to the Northeast, or longleaf pine to the Southeast. The commercial forests of Arizona and New Mexico are three-fourths western yellow pine, which furnishes by far the greater part of the lumber used locally as well as that shipped to outside markets. To describe the characteristics of the species and to...

Physical Processes Dictate Early Biogeochemical Dynamics of Soil Pyrogenic Organic Matter in a Subtropical Forest Ecosystem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stuart, Jason M.; Anderson, Russell; Lazzarino, Patrick; Kuehn, Kevin A.; Harvey, Omar R.

2018-05-01

Quantifying links between pyOM dynamics, environmental factors and processes is central to predicting ecosystem function and response to future perturbations. In this study, changes in carbon (TC), nitrogen (TN) , pH and relative recalcitrance (R50) for pine- and cordgrass-derived pyOM were measured at 3-6 weeks intervals throughout the first year of burial in the soil. Objectives were to 1) identify key environmental factors and processes driving early-stage pyOM dynamics, and 2) develop quantitative relationships between environmental factors and changes in pyOM properties. The study was conducted in sandy soils of a forested ecosystem in the Longleaf pine range, US with a focus on links between changes in pyOM properties, fire history (FH), cumulative precipitation (Pcum), average temperature (Tavg) and soil residence time (SRT). Pcum, SRT and Tavg were the main factors controlling TC and TN accounting for 77-91% and 64-96% of their respective variability. Fire history, along with Pcum, SRT and Tavg, exhibited significant controlling effects on pyOM, pH and R50 - accounting for 48-91% and 88-93% of respective variability. Volatilization of volatiles and leaching of water-soluble components (in summer) and the sorption of exogenous organic matter (fall through spring) were most plausibly controlling pyOM dynamics in this study. Overall, our results point to climatic and land management factors and physicochemical process as the main drivers of pyOM dynamics in the pine ecosystems of the Southeastern US.

Composition of mixed-species foraging flocks associated with red-cockaded woodpeckers

Treesearch

Richard R. Schaefer; D. Craig Rudolph; Richard N. Conner; Daniel Saenz

2004-01-01

Red-cockaded woodpeckers (Picoides borealis are known to be regular members of mixed species foraging flocks. We censused avian species associated with foraging red-cockaded woodpeckers in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) habitat and in mixed loblolly pine (P. taeda)-shortleaf pine (P. echinata...

Interim Guidelines for Growing Longleaf Seedlings in Containers

Treesearch

James P. Barnett; Mark J. Hainds; George A. Hernandez

2002-01-01

The demand for container longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) planting stock continues to increase each year. A problem facing both producers and users of container seedlings is the lack of target seedling specifications. Outplanting and evaluating performance of seedlings with a range of physiological and morphological characteristics, over a...

Use of near infared spectroscopy to predict the mechanical properties of six softwoods

Treesearch

Stephen S. Jelley; Timothy G. Rials; Leslie H. Groom; Chi-Leung So

2004-01-01

The visible and near infrared (NIR)(500-2400 nm) spectra and mechanical properties of almost 1000 small clear-wood samples from six softwood species: Pinus taeda L. (loblolly pine), Pinus palustris, Mill. (longleaf pine), Pinus elliottii Engelm. (slash pine), Pinus echinata Mill. (shortleaf...

Proceedings of the 12th biennial southern silvicultural research conference

Treesearch

Kristina F. Connor; [Editor

2004-01-01

Ninety-two papers and thirty-six poster summaries address a range of issues affecting southern forests. Papers are grouped in 15 sessions that include wildlife ecology; fire ecology; natural pine management; forest health; growth and yield; upland hardwoods - natural regeneration; hardwood intermediate treatments; longleaf pine; pine plantation silviculture; site...

Proceedings of the 15th biennial southern silvicultural research conference

Treesearch

James M. Guldin

2013-01-01

Sixty-eight papers and seventeen posters address a range of issues affecting southern forests. Papers are grouped in 12 sessions that include pine silviculture session I, hardwood silviculture - intermediate treatment and stand development, longleaf pine; quantitative silviculture and economics, pine silviculture session II, hardwood regeneration, carbon and bioenergy...

Reptile assemblage response to restoration of fire-suppressed longleaf pine sandhills.

PubMed

Steen, David A; Smith, Lora L; Conner, L M; Litt, Andrea R; Provencher, Louis; Hiers, J Kevin; Pokswinski, Scott; Guyer, Craig

2013-01-01

Measuring the effects of ecological restoration on wildlife assemblages requires study on broad temporal and spatial scales. Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) forests are imperiled due to fire suppression and subsequent invasion by hardwood trees. We employed a landscape-scale, randomized-block design to identify how reptile assemblages initially responded to restoration treatments including removal of hardwood trees via mechanical methods (felling and girdling), application of herbicides, or prescribed burning alone. Then, we examined reptile assemblages after all sites experienced more than a decade of prescribed burning at two- to thee-year return intervals. Data were collected concurrently at reference sites chosen to represent target conditions for restoration. Reptile assemblages changed most rapidly in response to prescribed burning, but reptile assemblages at all sites, including reference sites, were generally indistinguishable by the end of the study. Thus, we suggest that prescribed burning in longleaf pine forests over long time periods is an effective strategy for restoring reptile assemblages to the reference condition. Application of herbicides or mechanical removal of hardwood trees provided no apparent benefit to reptiles beyond what was achieved by prescribed fire alone.

Comparison of Red-Cockaded Woodpecker (Piciodes borealis) Nestling Diet in Old-Growth and Old-Field Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hanula, J.L.; Engstrom, R.T.

1999-10-01

Automatic cameras were used to record adult woodpecker diets in old-growth and old-field longleaf pine in the South. Roaches were the number one prey for the woodpeckers based on either biomass or numbers. The latter ranged from 37% to 57% of the prey numbers and 55%-73% of the biomass. Morisita's index of similarity between old-field and old growth varied from 0.89 to 0.95. The authors conclude that the prey base is similar in both conditions and that old-growth provides similar foraging habitat.

Longleaf Pine Characterists Associated with Arthropods Available for Red-Cockaded Woodpeckers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hanula, J.L.; Franzreb, K.E.; Pepper, W.D.

1999-01-25

The authors sampled arthropods on 300 longleaf pine under varying stand conditions and ranging in age from 20 to 100 years. The most diverse orders were beetles, spiders, ants, wasps and bees. The most abundant were aphids and Hymenoptera with a large number of ants. Arthropod biomass per tree increased in age up to 65-70 years, but biomass was highest in the youngest stands. Arthropods were positively correlated to bark thickness and tree diameter, but negatively related to the stand basal area. No relationships were found between abundance and ground vegetation conditions.

Defoliation effects on growth and mortality of three young southern pine species

Treesearch

David R. Weise; Dale D. Wade; Ragnar W. Johansen; Haiganoush K. Preisler; David C. Combs; Edward E. Ach

2016-01-01

Foliage from loblolly (Pinus taeda L.), slash (P. elliottii Engelm.), and longleaf (P. palustris Mill.) pines was hand plucked to isolate the effects of level and timing of foliage removal on growth and mortality. Slash and loblolly pine received one of five defoliation treatments during one of four months...

Southern Pine Seed Sources

Treesearch

Ronald C. Schmidtling

2001-01-01

The selection of an appropriate seed source is critical for successful southern pine plantations. Guidelines for selection of seed sources are presented for loblolly (Pinus taeda L.), slash (P. elliottii Engelm.), longleaf (P. palustris Mill.), Virginia (P. virginiana Mill.), shortleaf (P. echinata...

First Look at Smoke Emissions from Prescribed Burns in Long-unburned Longleaf Pine Forests

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Akagi, Sheryl; Yokelson, Robert J.; Burling, Ian R.

While fire has long played a role in the longleaf pine ecosystem, there are still some stands in the southeastern United States where fire has not been reintroduced and fuels have accumulated for 50 years or more. As part of a larger study examining fuel loading and smoke emissions on Department of Defense installations in the southeastern U.S., fuels and trace emissions were measured during three prescribed burns at Ft. Jackson Army Base near Columbia, South Carolina in November 2011. These pine-forest understory fires provided valuable emissions data for fires that burned in stands that had little or no exposuremore » to fire for decades. Smoke emissions were measured on the ground and from an aircraft by scientists from a large team of atmospheric researchers. (Akagi et al., 2013) To characterize initial emissions in the lofted plume and in point sources of residual smoldering combustion, trace-gas species were measured using an airborne FTIR and a ground-based FTIR, respectively. Whole-air sampling canisters were also collected from both ground- and airborne-based platforms. A total of 97 trace gases were quantified in this work, largely via infrared spectroscopy. Selected emissions data were compared with similar data collected from prescribed burns sampled in coastal North Carolina in 2010 in younger fuels beds of loblolly/longleaf stands near Camp Lejeune (Burling et al., 2011). The emission factors measured in this work differ by ~13-195% to EF measured from the managed stands at Camp Lejeune for organic and N-containing species, suggesting that fire emissions in similar ecosystems can exhibit large variability. Part of the differences, however, may be ascribed to burn conditions as well since the NC burns were during the wet season whereas the SC stands were burned after an extended drought. We also report the first detailed FTIR emissions data for a suite of monoterpenes. Figure 1 displays the emission factors (g/kg fuel) for several monoterpenes and isoprene as measured by the ground-based FTIR system. Due to their unsaturated structure, terpenes are highly reactive compounds emitted from plants thought to contribute to secondary organic aerosol formation (SOA) (Saathoff et al., 2009; Hennigan et al., 2011) and the formation of small oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) (Jacob et al., 2002) in fire plumes. The known chemistry and measured abundance of monoterpenes suggests that these species impacted secondary plume processes including ozone, OVOC, and SOA formation in sampled plumes within the first few hours after emission.« less

Bird assemblage response to restoration of fire-suppressed longleaf pine sandhills.

PubMed

Steen, David A; Conner, L M; Smith, Lora L; Provencher, Louis; Hiers, J Kevin; Pokswinski, Scott; Helms, Brian S; Guyer, Craig

2013-01-01

The ecological restoration of fire-suppressed habitats may require a multifaceted approach. Removal of hardwood trees together with reintroduction of fire has been suggested as a method of restoring fire-suppressed longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) forests; however, this strategy, although widespread, has not been evaluated on large spatial and temporal scales. We used a landscape-scale experimental design to examine how bird assemblages in fire-suppressed longleaf pine sandhills responded to fire alone or fire following mechanical removal or herbicide application to reduce hardwood levels. Individual treatments were compared to fire-suppressed controls and reference sites. After initial treatment, all sites were managed with prescribed fire, on an approximately two- to three-year interval, for over a decade. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordinations suggested that avian assemblages on sites that experienced any form of hardwood removal differed from assemblages on both fire-suppressed sites and reference sites 3-4 years after treatment (i.e., early posttreatment). After >10 years of prescribed burning on all sites (i.e., late posttreatment), only assemblages at sites treated with herbicide were indistinguishable from assemblages at reference sites. By the end of the study, individual species that were once indicators of reference sites no longer contributed to making reference sites unique. Occupancy modeling of these indicator species also demonstrated increasing similarity across treatments over time. Overall, although we documented long-term and variable assemblage-level change, our results indicate occupancy for birds considered longleaf pine specialists was similar at treatment and reference sites after over a decade of prescribed burning, regardless of initial method of hardwood removal. In other words, based on the response of species highly associated with the habitat, we found no justification for the added cost and effort of fire surrogates; fire alone was sufficient to restore these species.

Scrub-successional bird community dynamics in young and mature longleaf pine-wiregrass savannahs

USGS Publications Warehouse

Krementz, D.G.; Christie, J.S.

1999-01-01

Public agencies are required to manage for threatened and endangered species and for biodiversity. However, at times, management for threatened and endangered species precludes consideration of other species. We investigated how managing for red-cockaded woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) and biodiversity at the Savannah River Site (SRS), South Carolina, affected communities of bird species that use early-successional scrub habitat (hereafter, scrub-successional species). Management for red-cockaded woodpeckers at the SRS involved both (1) manipulating mature longleaf pine (Pinus palustris)-wiregrass (Andropogon spp.) stands via canopy thinning, removal of midstory trees, and prescribed burning; and (2) even-aged timber harvesting. The former management practice encouraged red-cockaded woodpeckers to establish new colonies in previously unoccupied stands (hereafter, 'recruitment' stands). The latter management practice is used to remove off-site planted pines and replant with preferred longleaf pines. We conducted a constant-effort mist net study in recruitment and regenerating stands (stands clearcut and planted with longleaf pine) during the breeding seasons of 1995-96. We hypothesized that the scrub-successional bird community in recruitment stands would have greater species richness and higher survival and reproductive rates per species than in regenerating stands. However, recruitment stands always had fewer scrub-successional species (1995:36 species; 1996:31 species) than regenerating stands (1995:54 species; 1996:55 species), and all species that occurred in recruitment stands also occurred in regenerating stands. Species which commonly occurred in both recruitment and regenerating stands had similar adult:juvenile ratios (P > 0.15) and relative proportion of adults in breeding condition (P > 0.05). We detected no difference in survival rates of Bachman's sparrows (Aimophila aestivalis), indigo buntings (Passerina cyanea), and of 'combined' scrub-successional birds between stand types (P > 0.05). We found that even-aged forestry is an important management practice for maintaining and increasing avian biodiversity on public lands, as well as an acceptable management practice for red-cockaded woodpeckers.

Effects of atmospheric CO2 enrichment on soil CO2 efflux in a young longleaf pine system

Treesearch

G. Brett Runion; John R. Butnor; S. A. Prior; R. J. Mitchell; H. H. Rogers

2012-01-01

The southeastern landscape is composed of agricultural and forest systems that can store carbon (C) in standing biomass and soil. Research is needed to quantify the effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) on terrestrial C dynamics including CO2 release back to the atmosphere and soil sequestration. Longleaf...

A review of southern pine decline in North America

Treesearch

David R. Coyle; Kier D. Klepzig; Frank H. Koch; Lawrence A. Morris; John T. Nowak; Steven W. Oak; William J. Otrosina; William D. Smith; Kamal J.K. Gandhi

2015-01-01

The southeastern United States is among the most productive forested areas in the world. Four endemic southern pine species – loblolly, longleaf, shortleaf, and slash - contribute significantly to the economic and ecological values in the region. A recently described phenomenon known as Southern Pine Decline (SPD) has been reported as having widespread impact in the...

Botanical composition and nutritive value of cattle diets on southern pine range

Treesearch

H.A. Pearson; H.E. Grelen; E.A. Epps; M.K. Johnson; B.W. Blakewood

1982-01-01

The botanical composition of the cattle diet and the nutritive value of about 50 herbaceous and woody diet components are sampled and reparted for the longleaf pine-bluestem range in Louisiana. Digestibility is also related to the diet.

Timing of longleaf seedling release from over topping hardwoods: A look 30 years later

Treesearch

William D. Boyer

1985-01-01

Significant differences in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) growth among early and delayed seedling release treatments were recorded at age 10, but these differences had disappeared upon reexamination at age 31.A study begun in 1949 included six release treatments: complete seedling release from overtopping hardwoods at ages 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 years,...

Overstory tree mortality resulting from reintroducing fire to long-unburned longleaf poine forests: the importance of duff moisture.

Treesearch

J.M. Varner; J.K. Hiers; R.D. Ottmar; D.R. Gordon; F.E. Putz; D.D. Wade

2007-01-01

In forests historically maintained by frequent fire, reintroducing fire after decades of exclusion often causes widespread overstory mortality. To better understand this phenomenon. we subjected 16 fire-excluded (ca. 40 years since fire) 10-ha longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) stands to one of four replicated burning treatments based on...

Effect of lime stabilized biosolids and inorganic fertilizer applications on a thinned longleaf stand - ten year results

Treesearch

E. David Dickens; Bryan C. McElvany; David J. Moorhead

2010-01-01

This project was initiated on the Sand Hills State Forest in Chesterfield County, SC in May 1995 to determine the benefits of inorganic fertilizer (NPK) and lime stabilized biosolids applications in a twice-thinned longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) stand planted in 1963 on an excessively well drained deep sand (Alpin soil series). Major...

Chemically inducing lightwood formation in southern pines

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Roberts, D.R.; Peters, W.J.

1977-06-01

Chemical induction of lightwood formation promises to be a new method of naval stores production. A broad range of paraquat concentrations and many methods of application induced lightwood formation. Loblolly, slash, and longleaf pines were found to produce increased amounts of turpentine and tall oil in response to paraquat treatment. In one experiment, loblolly pines treated with 8 percent paraquat on a single bark streak yielded, 9 months after treatment, an average of 10 pounds more extractives per tree than did untreated trees. Most of the yield increase was in the lower portion of the tree near the wound, butmore » some increase was noted for heights as great as 27 ft. In another experiment, 8 to 10 inch DBH loblolly, slash, and longleaf pine trees were treated with 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 percent paraquat applied in ax chops spanning one-third the circumference of the trees. All treated trees yielded more resin acids than did control trees.« less

Historical Research and Archeological Reconnaissance of the Mandeville Seawall Replacement, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-01-02

ENGINEERS P0 13OX 60267 NEW ORLEANS LOUISIANA 70160-0267 REPLYTO October 20, 1993 ATTENTION OF Planning Division Environmental Analysis Branch To The...been felled by the commercial timber industry . Documented species include loblolly pine, slash pine, longleaf pine, shortleaf pine, sweetgum, water oak...and amphibians. Open areas, which prior to the timbering industry were uncommon, support bobwhite quail, mourning dove, and rabbit. Marshes, which are

Longleaf Pine Genetics

Treesearch

Ronald C. Schmidtling

1999-01-01

There has been a movement of late toward the use of natural regeneration for iongieaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) as well as for other forest tree species. If you have a good natural stand, and have plenty of time, natural regeneration will result in a suitable stand, and genetics is not relevant.

Developing Tools for Ecological Forestry and Carbon Management in Longleaf Pine

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-08-01

22 Table 5.2. Carbon concentrations of plants in the ground cover layer by growth form and carbon concentrations in longleaf...harvest. The stand is connected at the edges to form periodic boundary conditions (toroidal) ...............................................241...coarse root mass. Table 5.2. Carbon concentrations (%) of plants in the ground cover layer (< 1 m in height) by growth form and C

Proceedings of the 13th Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference

Treesearch

Kristina F. Connor; [Editor

2006-01-01

A range of issues affecting southern forests are addressed in 109 papers and 39 poster summaries. Papers are grouped in 14 sessions that include wildlife ecology; pine silviculture; longleaf pine; nutritional amendments; vegetation management; site preparation; hardwoods: artificial regeneration; hardwoods: midstory competition control; growth and yield; water quality...

Heartwood, sapwood, and fungal decay associated with red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees

Treesearch

Richard N. Conner; D. Craig Rudolph; Daniel Saenz; Richard R. Schaefer

1994-01-01

Provision of suitable sites for red-cockaded woodpecker (Picotdes borealis) cavity excavation is essential for successful management of the woodpecker. To evaluate internal characteristics of pines used by the woodpecker, we increment-cored longleaf pines (Pinus palustris) to determine heartwood diameter, sapwood thickness, and...

Proceedings of the 14th biennial southern silvicultural research conference

Treesearch

John A. Stanturf

2010-01-01

A range of issues affecting southern forests are addressed in 113 papers. Papers are grouped into 12 sessions that include carbon; pine silviculture; invasive species; site preparation; hardwood artificial regeneration; longleaf pine; forest health and fire; growth and yield; hardwood intermediate treatments; hardwood natural regeneration; wildlife; and posters.

Heat Accumulation: An Easy Way Anticipate the Flowering of Southern Pines

Treesearch

William D. Boyer

1978-01-01

Accumulation of degree-day heat sums accounts for most of the year-to-year variation in dates of peak pollen shed by slush (Pinus etliottii Engelm.), longleaf (P. palustris Mill.), loblolly (P. taeda L.), and shortleaf (P. echinata Mill.) pines. During 19 years of observation for...

WATER-USE ALONG A HYDROLOGICAL GRADIENT IN CENTRAL FLORIDA: A TALE OF TWO PINUS SPECIES

EPA Science Inventory

Although central Florida is relatively flat, the distribution of species on the landscape is controlled by subtle changes in elevation. Along a four-meter elevation gradient, xeric sandhill vegetation dominated by Pinus palustris (Longleaf pine) gives way to mesic pine flatwoods...

Participatory genetic improvement: longleaf pine

Treesearch

C. Dana Nelson; Gwendolyn Boyd; Randall J. Rousseau; Barbara S. Crane; Craig S. Echt; Kurt H. Johnsen

2015-01-01

University-industry-state cooperative tree improvement has been highly successful in the southern United States. Over nearly 60 years, three cooperative programs have led the way in developing and deploying genetically improved planting stocks for loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and slash (P. elliottii Engelm.) pines. However, much lower levels of success have been achieved...

Thermal biology of eastern box turtles in a longleaf pine system managed with prescribed fire.

PubMed

Roe, John H; Wild, Kristoffer H; Hall, Carlisha A

2017-10-01

Fire can influence the microclimate of forest habitats by removing understory vegetation and surface debris. Temperature is often higher in recently burned forests owing to increased light penetration through the open understory. Because physiological processes are sensitive to temperature in ectotherms, we expected fire-maintained forests to improve the suitability of the thermal environment for turtles, and for turtles to seasonally associate with the most thermally-optimal habitats. Using a laboratory thermal gradient, we determined the thermal preference range (T set ) of eastern box turtles, Terrapene carolina, to be 27-31°C. Physical models simulating the body temperatures experienced by turtles in the field revealed that surface environments in a fire-maintained longleaf pine forest were 3°C warmer than adjacent unburned mixed hardwood/pine forests, but the fire-maintained forest was never of superior thermal quality owing to wider T e fluctuations above T set and exposure to extreme and potentially lethal temperatures. Radiotracked turtles using fire-managed longleaf pine forests maintained shell temperatures (T s ) approximately 2°C above those at a nearby unburned forest, but we observed only moderate seasonal changes in habitat use which were inconsistent with thermoregulatory behavior. We conclude that turtles were not responding strongly to the thermal heterogeneity generated by fire in our system, and that other aspects of the environment are likely more important in shaping habitat associations. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Greenberg, Cathryn H.; Levey, Douglas J.; Kwit, Charles

ABSTRACT Fleshy fruit is a key food resource for many vertebrates and may be particularly important energy source to birds during fall migration and winter. Hence, land managers should know how fruit availability varies among forest types, seasons, and years. We quantified fleshy fruit abundance monthly for 9 years (1995-2003) in 56 0.1-ha plots in 5 forest types of South Carolina's upper Coastal Plain, USA. Forest types were mature upland hardwood and bottomland hardwood forest, mature closed-canopy loblolly (Pinus taeda) and longleaf pine (P. palustris) plantation, and recent clearcut regeneration harvests planted with longleaf pine seedlings. Mean annual number ofmore » fruits and dry fruit pulp mass were highest in regeneration harvests (264,592 _ 37,444 fruits; 12,009 _ 2,392 g/ha), upland hardwoods (60,769 _ 7,667 fruits; 5,079 _ 529 g/ha), and bottomland hardwoods (65,614 _ 8,351 fruits; 4,621 _ 677 g/ha), and lowest in longleaf pine (44,104 _ 8,301 fruits; 4,102 _ 877 g/ha) and loblolly (39,532 _ 5,034 fruits; 3,261 _ 492 g/ha) plantations. Fruit production was initially high in regeneration harvests and declined with stand development and canopy closure (1995-2003). Fruit availability was highest June-September and lowest in April. More species of fruit-producing plants occurred in upland hardwoods, bottomland hardwoods, and regeneration harvests than in loblolly and longleaf pine plantations. Several species produced fruit only in 1 or 2 forest types. In sum, fruit availability varied temporally and spatially because of differences in species composition among forest types and age classes, patchy distributions of fruiting plants both within and among forest types, fruiting phenology, high inter-annual variation in fruit crop size by some dominant fruit-producing species, and the dynamic process of disturbance-adapted species colonization and decline, or recovery in recently harvested stands. Land managers could enhance fruit availability for wildlife by creating and maintaining diverse forest types and age classes. .« less

Longleaf pine regeneration following Hurricane Ivan utilizing the RLGS plots

Treesearch

John C. Gilbert; John S. Kush

2013-01-01

On September 16, 2004, Hurricane Ivan hit the Alabama coast and severely impacted numerous plots in the U.S. Forest Service’s Regional Longleaf Growth Study (RLGS). The Escambia Experimental Forest (EEF) has 201 of the 325 RLGS plots. Nearly one-third of the EEF was impacted. Nine plots with pole-sized trees were entirely lost. Another 54 plots had some type of damage...

Composition and structure of managed pine stands compared to reference longleaf pine sites on Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina

Treesearch

Joan L. Walker; Andrea M. Silletti; Susan Cohen

2010-01-01

We sampled the ground layer of 28 pine plantations to compare with ecological reference sites at Marine Corps Base, Camp Lejeune (MCBCL), NC. Plantations were ≥ 18 years old and had been burned within the previous year. Pines had been hand-planted on beds or fl at-planted, and the plantations were burned every 3 to 4 years after age 7. Data from 39 reference sites were...

Ecological, Physical, and Socioeconomic Relationships Within Southern National Forests- Proceedings of the Southern Evaluation Project Workshop

Treesearch

Henry A. Pearson; Fred E. Smeins; Ronald E. Thill

1987-01-01

The results of 43 projects, which evaluated the flora, fauna, watersheds, socioeconomics,and forest pests located on southern National Forests were presented and discussed in 4 major categories: Management Outlook and Evaluation, Loblolly-Shortleaf Pine Type, Longleaf-Slash Pine Type, and Watersheds, Socioeconomics,and Forest Pests.

Cone and Seed Maturation of Southern Pines

Treesearch

James P. Barnett

1976-01-01

If slightly reduced yields and viability are acceptable, loblolly and slash cone collections can begin 2 to 3 weeks before maturity if the cones are stored before processing. Longleaf(P. palestris Mill.) pine cones should be collected only when mature, as storage decreased germination of seeds from immature cones. Biochemical analyses to determine reducing sugar...

Structure of Pine Stands in the Southeast

Treesearch

William A. Bechtold; Gregory A. Ruark

1988-01-01

Distributional and statistical information associated with stand age, site index, basal area per acre, number of stems per acre, and stand density index is reported for major pine cover types of the Southeastern United States. Means, standard deviations, and ranges of these variables are listed by State and physiographic region for loblolly, slash, longleaf, pond,...

Trends in nursery research and production

Treesearch

James P. Barnett

2002-01-01

Forest nursery production is at an all-time high in the southern United States, and to maintain and increase this production capacity we need to integrate research and operational technology. Me must improve the technology to increase production of container southern pine seedlings, especially for longleaf pine. Bareroot nursery managers have challenges to maintain the...

Application of ground-based LIDAR for fine-scale forest fuel modeling

Treesearch

E. Louise Loudermilk; Abhinav Singhania; Juan C. Fernandez; J. Kevin Hiers; Joseph J. O' Brien; Wendell P. Cropper Jr.; K. Clint Slatton; Robert J. Mitchell

2007-01-01

Frequent (1 to 5 year) low intensity fire regimes of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) savannas of the Southeastern United States create a continuous fuelbed of understory grasses, forbs, flammable pine needle litter, with interstitial hardwood shrubs. Measuring the spatial heterogeneity of these fine-fuels can be difficult, requiring intensive field...

Impacts of pine species, stump removal, cultivation, and fertilization on soil properties half a century after planting

Treesearch

John R. Butnor; Kurt H. Johnsen; Felipe G Sanchez; C. Dana Nelson

2012-01-01

To better understand the long-term effects of species selection and forest management practices on soil quality and soil C retention, we analyzed soil samples from an experimental planting of loblolly (Pinus taeda L.), longleaf ((Pinus palustris Mill.), and slash ((Pinus elliottii Engelm.) pines under...

Transient changes in transpiration, and stem and soil CO2 efflux in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) following fire-induced leaf area reduction

Treesearch

Barton Clinton; Chris Maier; Chelcy Ford; Robert Mitchell

2011-01-01

In 20-year-old longleaf pine, we examined short-term effects of reduced live leaf area (A L) via canopy scorching on sap flow (Q; kg H2O h−1), transpiration per unit leaf area (E L; mm day−1), stem CO2 efflux (R stem; μmol m−2 s−1) and soil CO2 efflux (R soil; μmol m−2 s−1) over a 2-week period during early summer. R stem and Q were measured at two positions (1.3-m or...

Managing Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) Stands for the Restoration of Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) Habitat

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-03-01

hydrometer method (Milford 1997). Climate data from the study period was obtained from the National Climatic Data Center web service, with data for...season after treatment. Throughout this paper , the term “seedling” is used to refer to any loblolly pine individual that established following site... Paper land in southwestern Georgia and found that longleaf pine stands had significantly higher herbaceous richness and diversity than the other

Fatty and Waxy Components of Southern Pine Bark-Amounts Present As Free Extractives

Treesearch

Elaine T. Howard

1975-01-01

Whole bark from six mature trees of each of the four major southern pines was extracted with petroleum ether and with toluene. Trees were 20 to 58 years old and 8.0 to 11.8 inches in d.b.h. Percentages of petroleum ether-solubles were: slash pine, 1.94; loblolly, 2.29; longleaf, 2.64; and shortleaf 3.05. Percentages obtained by toluene extraction were: loblolly, 3.04;...

Detailed Project Report and Environmental Assessment, Wilson Branch, Chesterfield County, South Carolina.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-06-01

of the creek. Some native tree species inc lud ing sweet gum, yel low poplar , sugar berry , loblolly pine, and longleaf pine occur within the...vegetation. In addition to the previously mentioned tree species, overstory species in this area include red maple, water oak, willow oak, willows, hickories...residential lawns and associated deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs; and small stands of mixed pine/hardwoods. Mote detailed species composition for

Expected genetic gains and development plans for two longlead pine third-generation seedling seed orchards

Treesearch

C.D. Nelson; L.H. Lott; D.P. Gwaze

2005-01-01

Selection and thinning plans were developed for two longleaf pine (Pinus palushis Mill .), third-generation seedling seed orchards located in southeastern Mississippi and central Louisiana. The two orchards were part of several long-term experimental field tests designed to investigate genetic variation in height growth and brown spot needle blight (...

Influence of Resin Duct Size and Number on Oleoresin Flow in the Southern Pines

Treesearch

John D. Hodges; William W. Elam; Donald R. Bluhm

1981-01-01

The number of radial resin ducts was significantly higher in slash pines than in loblolly, longleaf, or shortleaf. Average width of resin ducts was less in shortleaf than in the other three species. Flow rate of oleoresin was not correlated with size or number of resin ducts for any of the four species.