33 CFR 150.555 - How must cranes be maintained?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false How must cranes be maintained? 150.555 Section 150.555 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY... Operations § 150.555 How must cranes be maintained? Cranes must be operated, maintained, and tested in...

13 CFR 107.600 - General requirement for Licensee to maintain and preserve records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... to maintain and preserve records. (a) Maintaining your accounting records. You must establish and maintain your accounting records using SBA's standard chart of accounts for Licensees, unless SBA approves... responsible for the transaction: (1) All your accounting and other financial records; (2) All minutes of...

13 CFR 108.600 - General requirement for NMVC Company to maintain and preserve records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... requirement for NMVC Company to maintain and preserve records. (a) Maintaining your accounting records. You must establish and maintain your accounting records using SBA's standard chart of accounts for SBICs...) All your accounting and other financial records; (2) All minutes of meetings of directors...

4 CFR 200.3 - Privacy Act records maintained by the Board.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 4 Accounts 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Privacy Act records maintained by the Board. 200.3 Section 200.3 Accounts RECOVERY ACCOUNTABILITY AND TRANSPARENCY BOARD PRIVACY ACT OF 1974 § 200.3 Privacy Act records maintained by the Board. (a) The Board shall maintain only such information about an...

42 CFR 424.516 - Additional provider and supplier requirements for enrolling and maintaining active enrollment...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... enrolling and maintaining active enrollment status in the Medicare program. 424.516 Section 424.516 Public... maintaining active enrollment status in the Medicare program. (a) Certifying compliance. CMS enrolls and maintains an active enrollment status for a provider or supplier when that provider or supplier certifies...

10 CFR 1304.111 - Maintaining records of disclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Maintaining records of disclosures. 1304.111 Section 1304.111 Energy NUCLEAR WASTE TECHNICAL REVIEW BOARD PRIVACY ACT OF 1974 § 1304.111 Maintaining records of disclosures. (a) The Board shall maintain a log containing the date, nature, and purpose of each disclosure of...

10 CFR 1304.111 - Maintaining records of disclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Maintaining records of disclosures. 1304.111 Section 1304.111 Energy NUCLEAR WASTE TECHNICAL REVIEW BOARD PRIVACY ACT OF 1974 § 1304.111 Maintaining records of disclosures. (a) The Board shall maintain a log containing the date, nature, and purpose of each disclosure of...

10 CFR 1304.111 - Maintaining records of disclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Maintaining records of disclosures. 1304.111 Section 1304.111 Energy NUCLEAR WASTE TECHNICAL REVIEW BOARD PRIVACY ACT OF 1974 § 1304.111 Maintaining records of disclosures. (a) The Board shall maintain a log containing the date, nature, and purpose of each disclosure of...

10 CFR 1304.111 - Maintaining records of disclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Maintaining records of disclosures. 1304.111 Section 1304.111 Energy NUCLEAR WASTE TECHNICAL REVIEW BOARD PRIVACY ACT OF 1974 § 1304.111 Maintaining records of disclosures. (a) The Board shall maintain a log containing the date, nature, and purpose of each disclosure of...

40 CFR 63.5190 - What records must I maintain?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true What records must I maintain? 63.5190... What records must I maintain? (a) You must maintain the records specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of...) Volatile matter and solids content data for the purpose of demonstrating compliance in accordance with § 63...

4 CFR 200.3 - Privacy Act records maintained by the Board.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 4 Accounts 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Privacy Act records maintained by the Board. 200.3 Section 200.3 Accounts RECOVERY ACCOUNTABILITY AND TRANSPARENCY BOARD PRIVACY ACT OF 1974 § 200.3 Privacy Act records maintained by the Board. (a) The Board shall maintain only such information about an...

4 CFR 200.3 - Privacy Act records maintained by the Board.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 4 Accounts 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Privacy Act records maintained by the Board. 200.3 Section 200.3 Accounts RECOVERY ACCOUNTABILITY AND TRANSPARENCY BOARD PRIVACY ACT OF 1974 § 200.3 Privacy Act records maintained by the Board. (a) The Board shall maintain only such information about an...

4 CFR 200.3 - Privacy Act records maintained by the Board.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 4 Accounts 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Privacy Act records maintained by the Board. 200.3 Section 200.3 Accounts RECOVERY ACCOUNTABILITY AND TRANSPARENCY BOARD PRIVACY ACT OF 1974 § 200.3 Privacy Act records maintained by the Board. (a) The Board shall maintain only such information about an...

[Factors influencing the sense of unintegration of thoughts in maintaining anger].

PubMed

Endo, Hiroko; Yukawa, Shintaro

2013-12-01

Endo and Yukawa (2012) investigated the process of maintaining anger and demonstrated that a sense of unintegration of thoughts maintained anger by promoting recurrent thinking and avoidance behavior. Our present study examined how personality characteristics and situational factors affected the process of maintaining anger. Undergraduates (N=713) wrote about an anger episode, and completed questionnaires assessing their sense of unintegration of thoughts, recurrent thinking, avoidance behaviors, and maintaining anger. The questionnaires also assessed personality characteristics such as difficulty in identifying feelings, and situational factors such as the need for maintaining relationships, anger arousability, and meaning-making for the anger episode. The results of covariance structure analysis indicated that difficulties in identifying feelings and anger arousability contributed to maintaining anger by increasing the sense of unintegration of thoughts just after the episode. However, the need for maintaining relationships directly reduced the sense of unintegration of thoughts just after the episode, and indirectly decreased the present sense of unintegration of thoughts by meaning-making. Moreover, although recurrent thinking promoted the current sense of unintegration of thoughts, it also provided meaning.

Designing for Maintainability and System Availability

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lalli, Vincent R.; Packard, Michael H.

1997-01-01

The final goal for a delivered system (whether a car, aircraft, avionics box or computer) should be its availability to operate and perform its intended function over its expected design life. Hence, in designing a system, we cannot think in terms of delivering the system and just walking away. The system supplier needs to provide support throughout the operating life of the product. Here, supportability requires an effective combination of reliability, maintainability, logistics and operations engineering (as well as safety engineering) to have a system that is available for its intended use throughout its designated mission lifetime. Maintainability is a key driving element in the effective support and upkeep of the system as well as providing the ability to modify and upgrade the system throughout its lifetime. This paper then, will concentrate on maintainability and its integration into the system engineering and design process. The topics to be covered include elements of maintainability, the total cost of ownership, how system availability, maintenance and logistics costs and spare parts cost effect the overall program costs. System analysis and maintainability will show how maintainability fits into the overall systems approach to project development. Maintainability processes and documents will focus on how maintainability is to be performed and what documents are typically generated for a large scale program. Maintainability analysis shows how trade-offs can be performed for various alternative components. The conclusions summarize the paper and are followed by specific problems for hands-on training.

26 CFR 1.6038A-4 - Monetary penalty.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... time and manner prescribed in § 1.6038A-2 (d) and (e), fails to maintain or cause another to maintain records as required by § 1.6038A-3, or (in the case of records maintained outside the United States) fails... transactions so attributed. (3) Calculation of monetary penalty. If a reporting corporation fails to maintain...

46 CFR 12.25-45 - GMDSS At-sea Maintainer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false GMDSS At-sea Maintainer. 12.25-45 Section 12.25-45... Engine Department § 12.25-45 GMDSS At-sea Maintainer. An applicant is eligible to have his or her STCW endorsement include a statement of qualification as GMDSS At-sea Maintainer if he or she holds sufficient...

46 CFR 12.25-45 - GMDSS At-sea Maintainer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false GMDSS At-sea Maintainer. 12.25-45 Section 12.25-45... Engine Department § 12.25-45 GMDSS At-sea Maintainer. An applicant is eligible to have his or her STCW endorsement include a statement of qualification as GMDSS At-sea Maintainer if he or she holds sufficient...

46 CFR 12.25-45 - GMDSS At-sea Maintainer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false GMDSS At-sea Maintainer. 12.25-45 Section 12.25-45... Engine Department § 12.25-45 GMDSS At-sea Maintainer. An applicant is eligible to have his or her STCW endorsement include a statement of qualification as GMDSS At-sea Maintainer if he or she holds sufficient...

46 CFR 12.25-45 - GMDSS At-sea Maintainer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false GMDSS At-sea Maintainer. 12.25-45 Section 12.25-45... Engine Department § 12.25-45 GMDSS At-sea Maintainer. An applicant is eligible to have his or her STCW endorsement include a statement of qualification as GMDSS At-sea Maintainer if he or she holds sufficient...

10 CFR 1304.104 - Privacy Act records maintained by the Board.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Privacy Act records maintained by the Board. 1304.104 Section 1304.104 Energy NUCLEAR WASTE TECHNICAL REVIEW BOARD PRIVACY ACT OF 1974 § 1304.104 Privacy Act records maintained by the Board. (a) The Board shall maintain only such information about an individual as...

10 CFR 1304.104 - Privacy Act records maintained by the Board.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Privacy Act records maintained by the Board. 1304.104 Section 1304.104 Energy NUCLEAR WASTE TECHNICAL REVIEW BOARD PRIVACY ACT OF 1974 § 1304.104 Privacy Act records maintained by the Board. (a) The Board shall maintain only such information about an individual as...

Maintaining adequate nutrient supply - Principles, decision-support tools, and best management practices [Chapter 6

Treesearch

Robert B. Harrison; Douglas A. Maguire; Deborah Page-Dumroese

2011-01-01

Maintaining adequate nutrient supply to maintain or enhance tree vigor and forest growth requires conservation of topsoil and soil organic matter. Sometimes nutrient amendments are also required to supplement inherent nutrient-pool limitations or replenish nutrients removed in harvested material. The goal is to maintain the productive potential of the soil and, when...

10 CFR 1304.104 - Privacy Act records maintained by the Board.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Privacy Act records maintained by the Board. 1304.104 Section 1304.104 Energy NUCLEAR WASTE TECHNICAL REVIEW BOARD PRIVACY ACT OF 1974 § 1304.104 Privacy Act records maintained by the Board. (a) The Board shall maintain only such information about an individual as...

10 CFR 1304.104 - Privacy Act records maintained by the Board.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Privacy Act records maintained by the Board. 1304.104 Section 1304.104 Energy NUCLEAR WASTE TECHNICAL REVIEW BOARD PRIVACY ACT OF 1974 § 1304.104 Privacy Act records maintained by the Board. (a) The Board shall maintain only such information about an individual as...

10 CFR 1304.104 - Privacy Act records maintained by the Board.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Privacy Act records maintained by the Board. 1304.104 Section 1304.104 Energy NUCLEAR WASTE TECHNICAL REVIEW BOARD PRIVACY ACT OF 1974 § 1304.104 Privacy Act records maintained by the Board. (a) The Board shall maintain only such information about an individual as...

17 CFR 270.31a-1 - Records to be maintained by registered investment companies, certain majority-owned subsidiaries...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... investment company other than a closed-end investment company, shall maintain such accounts, books and other... such accounts, books and other documents as are required to be maintained by registered investment..., books and other documents as are required to be maintained by registered investment advisers by rule...

Management of neonatal abstinence syndrome in neonates born to opioid maintained women.

PubMed

Ebner, Nina; Rohrmeister, Klaudia; Winklbaur, Bernadette; Baewert, Andjela; Jagsch, Reinhold; Peternell, Alexandra; Thau, Kenneth; Fischer, Gabriele

2007-03-16

Neonates born to opioid-maintained mothers are at risk of developing neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), which often requires pharmacological treatment. This study examined the effect of opioid maintenance treatment on the incidence and timing of NAS, and compared two different NAS treatments (phenobarbital versus morphine hydrochloride). Fifty-three neonates born to opioid-maintained mothers were included in this study. The mothers received methadone (n=22), slow-release oral morphine (n=17) or buprenorphine (n=14) throughout pregnancy. Irrespective of maintenance treatment, all neonates showed APGAR scores comparable to infants of non-opioid dependent mothers. No difference was found between the three maintenance groups regarding neonatal weight, length or head circumference. Sixty percent (n=32) of neonates required treatment for NAS [68% in the methadone-maintained group (n=15), 82% in the morphine-maintained group (n=14), and 21% in the buprenorphine-maintained group (n=3)]. The mean duration from birth to requirement of NAS treatment was 33 h for the morphine-maintained group, 34 h for the buprenorphine-maintained group and 58 h for the methadone-maintained group. In neonates requiring NAS treatment, those receiving morphine required a significantly shorter mean duration of treatment (9.9 days) versus those treated with phenobarbital (17.7 days). Results suggest that morphine hydrochloride is preferable for neonates suffering NAS due to opioid withdrawal.

[Effect of Codonopsis Radix maintained with sulfur fumigation on immune function in mice].

PubMed

Liu, Cheng-song; Wang, Yu-ping; Shi, Yan-bin; Ma, Xing-ming; Li, Hui-li; Zhang, Xiao-yun; Li, Shou-tang

2014-11-01

To investigate the immune function of mice being given the extract of Codonopsis Radix maintained with sulfur fumigation. Mice were divided into five groups. Except the normal control group, the mice were fed with the extract of Codonopsis Radix maintained with sulfur fumigation at the high,medium and low doses, as well as medium dose of Codonopsis Radix maintained with low-temperature vacuum method, respectively. Mice were treated once a day for 10 continuous days. Weight change,organ indexes, blood cell indices, macrophage phagocytic function, and IL-2 and IFN-γ levels were measured. Compared with normal control group, Codonopsis Radix maintained with sulfur fumigation at medium and high doses inhibited body weight increase of mice; white blood cell count of high dose group was significantly increased; significant increase of macrophage phagocytosis were observed for all groups except the normal control group; and spleen index and IFN-γ level of Codonopsis Radix maintained with sulfur fumigation medium dose group were increased significantly. Codonopsis Radix maintained with sulfur fumigation can promote mouse immune function to a certain degree. There was no difference in immune effect between Codonopsis Radix maintained with sulfur fumigation and low-temperature vacuum method during experimental period. However,taking the extract of Codonopsis Radix maintained with sulfur fumigation can exert negative effect on appetite and body weight in mice.

Evolving Reliability and Maintainability Allocations for NASA Ground Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Munoz, Gisela; Toon, T.; Toon, J.; Conner, A.; Adams, T.; Miranda, D.

2016-01-01

This paper describes the methodology and value of modifying allocations to reliability and maintainability requirements for the NASA Ground Systems Development and Operations (GSDO) programs subsystems. As systems progressed through their design life cycle and hardware data became available, it became necessary to reexamine the previously derived allocations. This iterative process provided an opportunity for the reliability engineering team to reevaluate allocations as systems moved beyond their conceptual and preliminary design phases. These new allocations are based on updated designs and maintainability characteristics of the components. It was found that trade-offs in reliability and maintainability were essential to ensuring the integrity of the reliability and maintainability analysis. This paper discusses the results of reliability and maintainability reallocations made for the GSDO subsystems as the program nears the end of its design phase.

Evolving Reliability and Maintainability Allocations for NASA Ground Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Munoz, Gisela; Toon, Troy; Toon, Jamie; Conner, Angelo C.; Adams, Timothy C.; Miranda, David J.

2016-01-01

This paper describes the methodology and value of modifying allocations to reliability and maintainability requirements for the NASA Ground Systems Development and Operations (GSDO) program’s subsystems. As systems progressed through their design life cycle and hardware data became available, it became necessary to reexamine the previously derived allocations. This iterative process provided an opportunity for the reliability engineering team to reevaluate allocations as systems moved beyond their conceptual and preliminary design phases. These new allocations are based on updated designs and maintainability characteristics of the components. It was found that trade-offs in reliability and maintainability were essential to ensuring the integrity of the reliability and maintainability analysis. This paper discusses the results of reliability and maintainability reallocations made for the GSDO subsystems as the program nears the end of its design phase.

Evolving Reliability and Maintainability Allocations for NASA Ground Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Munoz, Gisela; Toon, Jamie; Toon, Troy; Adams, Timothy C.; Miranda, David J.

2016-01-01

This paper describes the methodology that was developed to allocate reliability and maintainability requirements for the NASA Ground Systems Development and Operations (GSDO) program's subsystems. As systems progressed through their design life cycle and hardware data became available, it became necessary to reexamine the previously derived allocations. Allocating is an iterative process; as systems moved beyond their conceptual and preliminary design phases this provided an opportunity for the reliability engineering team to reevaluate allocations based on updated designs and maintainability characteristics of the components. Trade-offs in reliability and maintainability were essential to ensuring the integrity of the reliability and maintainability analysis. This paper will discuss the value of modifying reliability and maintainability allocations made for the GSDO subsystems as the program nears the end of its design phase.

Effects of Road Density and Road-Salt Application Practices on Sodium and Chloride Loads to the Scituate Reservoir, Rhode Island

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Waldron, M. C.; Nimiroski, M.

2001-05-01

The Scituate Reservoir drainage basin is the drinking-water source area for two thirds of the population of Rhode Island. The effects of road density and road-salt-application practices on sodium and chloride concentrations in streams in the drainage basin were examined using concentration data collected at intervals of one to six months from January 1982 through June 2000 at 32 stream sites distributed throughout the basin. Median concentrations of sodium and chloride for individual streams during the period of data collection were related to 1995 road densities (road miles per square mile of subbasin) for roads maintained by the Rhode Island Department of Transportation (State-maintained roads) and for roads maintained by the four municipalities in the drainage basin (locally maintained roads). Nearly 60 percent of the variation in median stream sodium and chloride concentrations was accounted for by the variation in density of State-maintained roads (R2= 0.595, p < 0.0001). In contrast, no correlations could be identified between median concentrations of sodium and chloride in streams and the densities of locally maintained roads in the subbasins (R2 = 0.001, p = 0.8771). Also, there was no difference in the relations between median stream sodium concentrations and subbasin road densities for data collected before and after a 1990 State-mandated reduction in the rate of application of sodium during winter deicing of State-maintained roads. Analysis of data on sources of sodium and chloride in the Scituate Reservoir drainage basin during water year 2000 (October 1999 through September 2000) indicates that, while the lengths and densities of locally maintained roads were greater than those of State-maintained roads in most subbasins, the total amount of sodium applied during water year 2000 was nearly three times greater for State-maintained roads than for locally maintained roads. This would be expected, given that State-maintained roads carry more traffic at higher speeds than do locally maintained roads. In addition, the State-maintained roads tend to have more efficient drainage systems that quickly transport runoff directly to the streams. The lack of effect of the reduced sodium application rate on the relation between median stream sodium concentration and density of State-maintained roads may be due to inaccurate monitoring of application rates or to mobilization of sodium previously applied and stored in drainage basin soils. Thus, the amounts of sodium and chloride transported by tributary streams to the Scituate Reservoir depend more on the type of roads and other conditions in the tributary subbasins than on the actual length or density of the roads.

49 CFR 350.301 - What level of effort must a State maintain to qualify for MCSAP funding?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false What level of effort must a State maintain to... What level of effort must a State maintain to qualify for MCSAP funding? (a) The State must maintain... funds and State matching funds, for CMV safety programs eligible for funding under this part at a level...

49 CFR 350.301 - What level of effort must a State maintain to qualify for MCSAP funding?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false What level of effort must a State maintain to... What level of effort must a State maintain to qualify for MCSAP funding? (a) The State must maintain... funds and State matching funds, for CMV safety programs eligible for funding under this part at a level...

26 CFR 301.6708-1T - Failure to maintain list of investors in potentially abusive tax shelters (temporary).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 18 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Failure to maintain list of investors in... Additional Amounts § 301.6708-1T Failure to maintain list of investors in potentially abusive tax shelters... the penalty for failure to maintain a list of investors in potentially abusive tax shelters. Q-1: What...

Influence of bolt tightening torque, wire size, and component reuse on wire fixation in circular external fixation.

PubMed

Wosar, Marc A; Marcellin-Little, Denis J; Roe, Simon C

2002-01-01

To evaluate the effects of bolt torque, wire size, and component reuse on the ability to maintain wire tension in 3 external skeletal fixation systems. Biomechanical study. Yield strength in tension of 1.0-, 1.2-, 1.5-, and 1.6-mm-diameter wires, and yield strength in torque of Hofmann Small Bone Fixation (SBF) cannulated and slotted bolts and IMEX regular and miniature bolts were determined on a testing machine. The minimum bolt tightening torque needed to prevent wire slippage at clinically recommended wire tensions was determined. Components were tested 10 times, and loads at slippage were recorded. The IMEX system required a mean of 8 Nm of bolt tightening torque to maintain 900 N (1.6-mm wires). The SBF system required a mean of 3 Nm bolt torque to maintain 300 N (1.0-mm wires) and 5 Nm to maintain 600 N (1.2-mm wires). The SBF cannulated bolt required 9 Nm of torque to maintain 900 N (1.5-mm wires). The SBF slotted bolts could only maintain 800 N before yield. The IMEX miniature system required a mean bolt torque of 1.1 Nm to maintain 300 N. The cannulated and slotted bolts from both manufacturers failed to maintain 70% of initial wire tension after 7 and 4 uses, respectively. The IMEX systems and the SBF system using 1.0- and 1.2-mm wires could maintain clinically recommended wire tension safely. Only the IMEX system could maintain clinically recommended wire tension safely using 1.5- or 1.6-mm wires. The SBF system using 1.0- and 1.2-mm wires and the IMEX system using all wire sizes can maintain clinically relevant wire tension. The SBF system using 1.5-mm wires could not. Cannulated and slotted bolts should not be used more than 6 and 3 times, respectively. Nuts should not be reused. Copyright 2002 by The American College of Veterinary Surgeons

Usefulness of Maintaining a Normal Electrocardiogram Over Time for Predicting Cardiovascular Health.

PubMed

Soliman, Elsayed Z; Zhang, Zhu-Ming; Chen, Lin Y; Tereshchenko, Larisa G; Arking, Dan; Alonso, Alvaro

2017-01-15

We hypothesized that maintaining a normal electrocardiogram (ECG) status over time is associated with low cardiovascular (CV) disease in a dose-response fashion and subsequently could be used to monitor programs aimed at promoting CV health. This analysis included 4,856 CV disease-free participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study who had a normal ECG at baseline (1987 to 1989) and complete electrocardiographic data in subsequent 3 visits (1990 to 1992, 1993 to 1995, and 1996 to 1998). Participants were classified based on maintaining their normal ECG status during these 4 visits into "maintained," "not maintained," or "inconsistent" normal ECG status as defined by the Minnesota ECG classification. CV disease events (coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke) were adjudicated from Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities visit-4 through 2010. Over a median follow-up of 13.2 years, 885 CV disease events occurred. The incidence rate of CV disease events was lowest among study participants who maintained a normal ECG status, followed by those with an inconsistent pattern, and then those who did not maintain their normal ECG status (trend p value <0.001). Similarly, the greater the number of visits with a normal ECG status, the lower was the incidence rate of CV disease events (trend p value <0.001). Maintaining (vs not maintaining) a normal ECG status was associated with a lower risk of CV disease, which was lower than that observed in those with inconsistent normal ECG pattern (trend p value <0.01). In conclusion, maintaining a normal ECG status over time is associated with low risk of CV disease in a dose-response fashion, suggesting its potential use as a monitoring tool for programs promoting CV health. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Space Maintainers in Dentistry: Past to Present

PubMed Central

Setia, Vikas; Pandit, Inder Kumar; Srivastava, Nikhil; Gugnani, Neeraj; Sekhon, Harveen Kaur

2013-01-01

Early orthodontic interventions are often initiated in the developing dentition to promote favourable developmental changes. Interceptive orthodontic can eliminate or reduce the severity of a developing malocclusion, the complexity of orthodontic treatment, overall treatment time and cost. The safest way to prevent future malocclusions from tooth loss is to place a space maintainer that is effective and durable. An appropriate use of space maintainer is advocated to hold the space until the eruption of permanent teeth. This case report describes the various changing trends in use of space maintainers: conventional band and loop, prefabricated band with custom made loop and glass fibre reinforced composite resins as space maintainers. PMID:24298544

Space maintainers in dentistry: past to present.

PubMed

Setia, Vikas; Pandit, Inder Kumar; Srivastava, Nikhil; Gugnani, Neeraj; Sekhon, Harveen Kaur

2013-10-01

Early orthodontic interventions are often initiated in the developing dentition to promote favourable developmental changes. Interceptive orthodontic can eliminate or reduce the severity of a developing malocclusion, the complexity of orthodontic treatment, overall treatment time and cost. The safest way to prevent future malocclusions from tooth loss is to place a space maintainer that is effective and durable. An appropriate use of space maintainer is advocated to hold the space until the eruption of permanent teeth. This case report describes the various changing trends in use of space maintainers: conventional band and loop, prefabricated band with custom made loop and glass fibre reinforced composite resins as space maintainers.

Merging building maintainability and sustainability assessment: A multicriteria decision making approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Asmone, A. S.; Chew, M. Y. L.

2018-02-01

Accurately predicting maintainability has been a challenge due to the complex nature of buildings, yet it is an important research area with a rising necessity. This paper explores the use of multicriteria decision making approach for merging maintainability and sustainability elements into building grading systems to attain long-term sustainability in the building industry. The paper conducts a systematic literature review on multicriteria decision analysis approach and builds on the existing knowledge of maintainability to achieve this. A conceptual framework is developed to bridge the gap between building operations and maintenance with green facilities management by forecasting green maintainability at the design stage.

Guide for Maintaining Pedestrian Facilities for Enhanced Safety.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-10-01

A Guide for Maintaining Pedestrian Facilities for Enhanced Safety provides guidance for maintaining pedestrian facilities with the primary goal of increasing safety and mobility. The Guide addresses the needs for pedestrian facility maintenance; comm...

Effects of chronic fluvoxamine on ethanol- and food-maintained behaviors

PubMed Central

Ginsburg, Brett C.; Lamb, R.J.

2011-01-01

Acute treatment with fluvoxamine reduces responding for ethanol more than responding for food. However, pharmacotherapy for alcoholism is likely to require chronic treatment. These experiments were performed to assess the effects of chronic fluvoxamine on ethanol- and food-maintained behaviors. Effects of chronic fluvoxamine (10 and 17.8 mg/kg/day × 30 days) on ethanol- and food-maintained responding were compared to responding during saline treatment in four Sprague-Dawley rats responding for ethanol and food under a multiple fixed-ratio 5, fixed-ratio 5 schedule. In two subjects, chronic fluvoxamine reduced ethanol-maintained responding more than food-maintained responding; however this effect was transient. In another subject, treatment persistently decreased food-maintained responding relative to ethanol-maintained responding. Finally, in one subject, fluvoxamine nonspecifically disrupted responding for food and ethanol. Similar to results in humans, outbred Sprague-Dawley rats had differential responses to chronic fluvoxamine. The effect was transient in rats that responded favorably (greater reduction of ethanol relative to food responding), while response reductions persisted throughout treatment in rats that responded unfavorably (greater reduction of food relative to ethanol or nonspecific reductions). PMID:16647721

Fiber technology in space maintainer: a clinical follow-up study.

PubMed

Saravanakumar, M S; Siddaramayya, Jayaraman; Sajjanar, Arunkumar B; Godhi, Brinda Suhas; Reddy, N Simhachalam; Krishnam, Raju P

2013-11-01

Various space maintainers are used in pediatric dentistry. However, their construction requires time consuming laboratory procedures. Recently fiber-reinforced composite resin (FRCR) has been introduced for various application in dentistry. Polyethylene fibers appear to have the best properties in elasticity, translucency, adaptability, tenaciousness, resistance to traction and to impact. The purpose of this study was to clinically evaluate the long-term effect of FRCR space maintainer made with Ribbond(®) bondable reinforcement ribbon in children over a period of 18 months. A total of thirty FRCR space maintainers were applied to 30 children between the age group of 6 to 9 years old, follow-up visits were done at 1, 6, 12 and 18 months. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis. Maxillary appliances survived more than mandibular appliances. Mean survival time of space maintainer were found to be 12 months (minimum 1 and maximum 18 months). The present study suggested that FRCR space maintainers (Ribbond(®)), which was observed for up to 18 months, can be accepted as a successful alternative to conventional band-loop space maintainer only for short periods.

The role of social support in weight loss maintenance: results from the MedWeight study.

PubMed

Karfopoulou, Eleni; Anastasiou, Costas A; Avgeraki, Evangelia; Kosmidis, Mary H; Yannakoulia, Mary

2016-06-01

The role of social support in weight management is not fully understood, as more support has been linked to both favorable and unfavorable outcomes. We examined social support in relation to weight loss maintenance, comparing between maintainers and regainers of weight loss. The MedWeight study is a Greek registry of people who have intentionally lost ≥10 % of their weight and are either maintaining this loss for over a year (maintainers), or have regained weight (regainers). Demographics and lifestyle habits questionnaires are completed online. Dietary assessment is carried out by two telephone 24 h recalls. Perceived social support was assessed by validated scales examining support from family and friends regarding healthy eating and exercise. 289 maintainers and 122 regainers participated. Regainers received more support compared to maintainers. However, maintainers reported receiving compliments and active participation, whereas regainers receiving verbal instructions and encouragements. Maintainers who received diet support displayed improved dietary intakes, such as lower energy intake; regainers' diet was unaffected by support. Positive, rather than instructive, support appears beneficial in weight loss maintenance.

Preserving the functionality/asset value of the state highway system : technical report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-02-01

Maintaining, preserving, and enhancing the functionality of state and local roadways of our transportation system : is important because it maintains capacity and efficiency, reduces potential for congestion, maintains safety, reduces : the need for ...

49 CFR 18.36 - Procurement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... subgrantees will maintain a contract administration system which ensures that contractors perform in... and subgrantees will maintain a written code of standards of conduct governing the performance of... resources. (9) Grantees and subgrantees will maintain records sufficient to detail the significant history...

34 CFR 80.36 - Procurement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... subgrantees will maintain a contract administration system which ensures that contractors perform in... and subgrantees will maintain a written code of standards of conduct governing the performance of... resources. (9) Grantees and subgrantees will maintain records sufficient to detail the significant history...

48 CFR 2406.202 - Establishing or maintaining alternative sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... maintaining alternative sources. 2406.202 Section 2406.202 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT COMPETITION AND ACQUISITION PLANNING COMPETITION REQUIREMENTS Full and Open Competition After Exclusion of Sources 2406.202 Establishing or maintaining alternative...

Dietary patterns in weight loss maintenance: results from the MedWeight study.

PubMed

Karfopoulou, Eleni; Brikou, Dora; Mamalaki, Eirini; Bersimis, Fragiskos; Anastasiou, Costas A; Hill, James O; Yannakoulia, Mary

2017-04-01

The dietary habits contributing to weight loss maintenance are not sufficiently understood. We studied weight loss maintainers in comparison with regainers, to identify the differentiating behaviors. The MedWeight study is a Greek registry of weight loss maintainers and regainers. Participants had intentionally lost ≥10 % of their weight and either had maintained this loss for over a year, or had regained weight. Questionnaires on demographics and lifestyle habits were completed online. Dietary assessment was carried out by two telephone 24-h recalls. Present analysis focused on 361 participants (32 years old, 39 % men): 264 maintainers and 97 regainers. Energy and macronutrient intake did not differ by maintenance status (1770 ± 651 kcal in maintainers vs. 1845 ± 678 kcal in regainers, p = 0.338), although protein intake per kg of body weight was higher in maintainers (1.02 ± 0.39 vs. 0.83 ± 0.28 g/kg in regainers, p < 0.001). Physical activity energy expenditure was greater for maintainers in men (by 1380 kcal per week, p = 0.016), but not women. Salty snacks, alcohol and regular soda were more frequently consumed by men regainers. Principal component analysis identified a healthy dietary pattern featuring mainly unprocessed cereal, fruit, vegetables, olive oil and low-fat dairy. Male maintainers were 4.6 times more likely to follow this healthy pattern compared to regainers (OR 4.6, 95 % CI 2.0-11.0). No similar finding was revealed in women. Other characteristics of maintainers but not of regainers were: involvement in meal preparation and eating at home for men, and a higher eating frequency and slower eating rate for women. Men maintaining weight loss were much more likely to adhere to a healthy eating pattern. Eating at home, involvement in meal preparation, higher eating frequency and slower eating rate were also associated with maintenance. These lifestyle habits of successful maintainers provide target behaviors to improve obesity treatment.

48 CFR 906.202 - Establishing or maintaining alternative sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... maintaining alternative sources. 906.202 Section 906.202 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY COMPETITION ACQUISITION PLANNING COMPETITION REQUIREMENTS Full and Open Competition After Exclusion of Sources 906.202 Establishing or maintaining alternative sources. (b)(1) Every proposed contract...

7 CFR 1730.20 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... and maintaining an Emergency Restoration Plan (ERP), maintaining records of the physical, cyber and... ELECTRIC SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Operations and Maintenance Requirements § 1730.20 General. Each... and maintain its system in compliance with prudent utility practice, in compliance with its loan...

7 CFR 1730.20 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... and maintaining an Emergency Restoration Plan (ERP), maintaining records of the physical, cyber and... ELECTRIC SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Operations and Maintenance Requirements § 1730.20 General. Each... and maintain its system in compliance with prudent utility practice, in compliance with its loan...

7 CFR 1730.20 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... and maintaining an Emergency Restoration Plan (ERP), maintaining records of the physical, cyber and... ELECTRIC SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Operations and Maintenance Requirements § 1730.20 General. Each... and maintain its system in compliance with prudent utility practice, in compliance with its loan...

7 CFR 1730.20 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... and maintaining an Emergency Restoration Plan (ERP), maintaining records of the physical, cyber and... ELECTRIC SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Operations and Maintenance Requirements § 1730.20 General. Each... and maintain its system in compliance with prudent utility practice, in compliance with its loan...

48 CFR 406.202 - Establishing or maintaining alternative sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... maintaining alternative sources. 406.202 Section 406.202 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE COMPETITION AND ACQUISITION PLANNING COMPETITION REQUIREMENTS Full and Open Competition After Exclusion of Sources 406.202 Establishing or maintaining alternative sources. The Senior Procurement...

48 CFR 1406.202 - Establishing or maintaining alternative sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... maintaining alternative sources. 1406.202 Section 1406.202 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR COMPETITION AND ACQUISITION PLANNING COMPETITION REQUIREMENTS Full and Open Competition After Exclusion of Sources 1406.202 Establishing or maintaining alternative sources. HCAs are...

48 CFR 1306.202 - Establishing or maintaining alternative sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... maintaining alternative sources. 1306.202 Section 1306.202 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE COMPETITION AND ACQUISITION PLANNING COMPETITION REQUIREMENTS Full and Open Competition After Exclusion of Sources 1306.202 Establishing or maintaining alternative sources. The authority to...

76 FR 37143 - Buck Island, Green Cay, and Sandy Point National Wildlife Refuges, U.S. Virgin Islands; Final...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-24

... refuge Web site, distribute information, maintain signage on the island identifying it as a national... continue to maintain the refuge Web site, distribute information, maintain limited signage on the island...

75 FR 74045 - Guidance on Planning, Implementing, Maintaining, and Enforcing Institutional Controls at...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-30

..., Implementing, Maintaining, and Enforcing Institutional Controls at Contaminated Sites AGENCY: Environmental... stakeholder input regarding the issues addressed in the EPA interim final guidance, titled Institutional Controls: A Guide to Planning, Implementing, Maintaining, and Enforcing Institutional Controls at...

7 CFR 371.8 - International Services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

.... (4) Developing and maintaining cooperative relationships and programs with other Federal agencies...) Maintaining and administering the foreign service personnel system for employees of APHIS in accordance with... the provisions of § 2.51(a)(1) of this title. (3) Developing and maintaining systems for monitoring...

Continuous microbial cultures maintained by electronically-controlled device

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Eisler, W. J., Jr.; Webb, R. B.

1967-01-01

Photocell-controlled instrument maintains microbial culture. It uses commercially available chemostat glassware, provides adequate aeration through bubbling of the culture, maintains the population size and density, continuously records growth rates over small increments of time, and contains a simple, sterilizable nutrient control mechanism.

48 CFR 606.202 - Establishing or maintaining alternate sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... maintaining alternate sources. 606.202 Section 606.202 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF STATE COMPETITION AND ACQUISITION PLANNING COMPETITION REQUIREMENTS Full and Open Competition After Exclusion of Sources 606.202 Establishing or maintaining alternate sources. The Procurement Executive is the...

Low loss fusion splicing polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber and conventional polarization-maintaining fiber

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zuoming, Sun; Ningfang, Song; Jing, Jin; Jingming, Song; Pan, Ma

2012-12-01

An efficient and simple method of fusion splicing of a Polarization-Maintaining Photonic Crystal Fiber (PM-PCF) and a conventional Polarization-Maintaining Fiber (PMF) with a low loss of 0.65 dB in experiment is reported. The minimum bending diameter of the joint can reach 2 cm. Theoretical calculation of the splicing loss based on mode field diameters (MFDs) mismatch of the two kinds of fibers is given. All parameters affected the splicing loss were studied.

Maintaining interpersonal and organizational relations through electronic mail by men and women.

PubMed

Harper, Vernon B

2005-12-01

E-mail is used to maintain two primary human relationships, interaction between individuals and preserving relationships with organizations. 278 participants from a medium-size university in the southwest completed two measures developed to assess the quantity of e-mail used to maintain interpersonal and organizational relationships. Analysis indicated that men (M = 5.8, SD = 2.7) and women (M = 6.6, SD = 2.5) significantly differed in frequency of e-mail used to maintain interpersonal relationships, but not in reference to organizational maintenance.

Leisure-time physical activity patterns by weight control status: 1999-2002 NHANES.

PubMed

Kruger, Judy; Yore, Michelle M; Kohl, Harold W

2007-05-01

Regular physical activity reduces the risk of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, and some cancers. Physical activity is associated inversely with overweight and obesity prevalence, thus potentially assisting in weight control efforts. The purpose of this paper is to examine the variability of physical activity levels and their patterns by self-reported weight control status in a nationally representative sample. Four years of data from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used to examine leisure-time physical activity patterns (regular, irregular, inactive) and the prevalence of weight control practices (trying to lose, trying to maintain, not trying to lose or maintain) among U.S. adults (N = 9496). The prevalence of regular physical activity was 32.6% among people trying to lose weight, 37.9% among people trying to maintain weight, and 21.8% among those not trying to lose or maintain weight. Those trying to lose weight were almost three times as likely to be regularly active (vs inactive), and those trying to maintain weight were over three times more likely to be regularly active (vs inactive) than those not trying to lose or maintain weight. The most commonly reported activities among those trying to lose weight were walking (38.3%), yard work (14.5%), biking (12.5%), and running (11.6%). Despite the importance of physical activity, fewer than half the people trying to lose or maintain weight were regularly active during leisure-time. People trying to lose or maintain weight had a higher likelihood of being regularly active than those not trying to lose or maintain weight. Walking was the most common type of physical activity among all weight control groups. Health promotion efforts should promote increased levels of physical activity among all adults.

Two Stage Repair of Composite Craniofacial Defects with Antibiotic Releasing Porous Poly(methyl methacrylate) Space Maintainers and Bone Regeneration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spicer, Patrick

Craniofacial defects resulting from trauma and resection present many challenges to reconstruction due to the complex structure, combinations of tissues, and environment, with exposure to the oral, skin and nasal mucosal pathogens. Tissue engineering seeks to regenerate the tissues lost in these defects; however, the composite nature and proximity to colonizing bacteria remain difficult to overcome. Additionally, many tissue engineering approaches have further hurdles to overcome in the regulatory process to clinical translation. As such these studies investigated a two stage strategy employing an antibiotic-releasing porous polymethylmethacrylate space maintainer fabricated with materials currently part of products approved or cleared by the United States Food and Drug Administration, expediting the translation to the clinic. This porous space maintainer holds the bone defect open allowing soft tissue to heal around the defect. The space maintainer can then be removed and one regenerated in the defect. These studies investigated the individual components of this strategy. The porous space maintainer showed similar soft tissue healing and response to non-porous space maintainers in a rabbit composite tissue defect. The antibiotic-releasing space maintainers showed release of antibiotics from 1-5 weeks, which could be controlled by loading and fabrication parameters. In vivo, space maintainers releasing a high dose of antibiotics for an extended period of time increased soft tissue healing over burst release space maintainers in an infected composite tissue defect model in a rabbit mandible. Finally, stabilization of bone defects and regeneration could be improved through scaffold structures and delivery of a bone forming growth factor. These studies illustrate the possibility of the two stage strategy for repair of composite tissue defects of the craniofacial complex.

Neuroimaging markers associated with maintenance of optimal memory performance in late-life.

PubMed

Dekhtyar, Maria; Papp, Kathryn V; Buckley, Rachel; Jacobs, Heidi I L; Schultz, Aaron P; Johnson, Keith A; Sperling, Reisa A; Rentz, Dorene M

2017-06-01

Age-related memory decline has been well-documented; however, some individuals reach their 8th-10th decade while maintaining strong memory performance. To determine which demographic and biomarker factors differentiated top memory performers (aged 75+, top 20% for memory) from their peers and whether top memory performance was maintained over 3 years. Clinically normal adults (n=125, CDR=0; age: 79.5±3.57 years) from the Harvard Aging Brain Study underwent cognitive testing and neuroimaging (amyloid PET, MRI) at baseline and 3-year follow-up. Participants were grouped into Optimal (n=25) vs. Typical (n=100) performers using performance on 3 challenging memory measures. Non-parametric tests were used to compare groups. There were no differences in age, sex, or education between Optimal vs. Typical performers. The Optimal group performed better in Processing Speed (p=0.016) and Executive Functioning (p<0.001). Optimal performers had larger hippocampal volumes at baseline compared with Typical Performers (p=0.027) but no differences in amyloid burden (p=0.442). Twenty-three of the 25 Optimal performers had longitudinal data and16 maintained top memory performance while 7 declined. Non-Maintainers additionally declined in Executive Functioning but not Processing Speed. Longitudinally, there were no hippocampal volume differences between Maintainers and Non-Maintainers, however Non-Maintainers exhibited higher amyloid burden at baseline in contrast with Maintainers (p=0.008). Excellent memory performance in late life does not guarantee protection against cognitive decline. Those who maintain an optimal memory into the 8th and 9th decades may have lower levels of AD pathology. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Nicotine’s Enhancing Effects on Responding Maintained by Conditioned Reinforcers are Reduced by Pretreatment with Mecamylamine, but not Hexamethonium, in Rats

PubMed Central

Jones, Jeb; Raiff, Bethany R.; Dallery, Jesse

2013-01-01

Several studies have indicated that nicotine increases responding maintained by conditioned reinforcers. We assessed the effects of subcutaneous injections of 0.3 mg/kg nicotine and two nicotinic antagonists on responding maintained by conditioned and primary reinforcers and responding during extinction in 8 Long Evans rats. Mecamylamine, a central and peripheral nicotinic antagonist, and hexamethonium, a peripheral nicotinic antagonist, were administered prior to a subset of the experimental sessions. Nicotine selectively increased responding maintained by conditioned reinforcers and mecamylamine, but not hexamethonium, attenuated this effect. These results suggest that nicotine’s enhancing effect on responding maintained by conditioned reinforcers is mediated in the central nervous system. PMID:20695691

Nicotine's enhancing effects on responding maintained by conditioned reinforcers are reduced by pretreatment with mecamylamine, but not hexamethonium, in rats.

PubMed

Jones, Jeb; Raiff, Bethany R; Dallery, Jesse

2010-08-01

Several studies have indicated that nicotine increases responding maintained by conditioned reinforcers. We assessed the effects of subcutaneous injections of 0.3 mg/kg nicotine and two nicotinic antagonists on responding maintained by conditioned and primary reinforcers and responding during extinction in 8 Long Evans rats. Mecamylamine, a central and peripheral nicotinic antagonist, and hexamethonium, a peripheral nicotinic antagonist, were administered prior to a subset of the experimental sessions. Nicotine selectively increased responding maintained by conditioned reinforcers and mecamylamine, but not hexamethonium, attenuated this effect. These results suggest that nicotine's enhancing effect on responding maintained by conditioned reinforcers is mediated in the central nervous system. PsycINFO Database Record 2010 APA, all rights reserved.

48 CFR 206.202 - Establishing or maintaining alternative sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Open Competition After Exclusion of Sources 206.202 Establishing or maintaining alternative sources. (a) Agencies may use this authority to totally or partially exclude a particular source from a contract action... maintaining alternative sources. 206.202 Section 206.202 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE...

27 CFR 19.585 - Production and withdrawal records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... to the maintenance of production records: (1) A proprietor must maintain daily production account... proprietor must record the details of the individual packages filled; (2) A proprietor must maintain daily... the identity of the spirits. (b) Withdrawals from production. A proprietor must maintain daily records...

25 CFR 515.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... the United States or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence. (b) Maintain means maintain... individual that is maintained by the Commission, including education, financial transactions, medical history... print, or a photograph. (d) System of records means a group of any records under the control of the...

Conditionally reprogrammed primary airway epithelial cells maintain morphology, lineage and disease specific functional characteristics.

PubMed

Martinovich, Kelly M; Iosifidis, Thomas; Buckley, Alysia G; Looi, Kevin; Ling, Kak-Ming; Sutanto, Erika N; Kicic-Starcevich, Elizabeth; Garratt, Luke W; Shaw, Nicole C; Montgomery, Samuel; Lannigan, Francis J; Knight, Darryl A; Kicic, Anthony; Stick, Stephen M

2017-12-21

Current limitations to primary cell expansion led us to test whether airway epithelial cells derived from healthy children and those with asthma and cystic fibrosis (CF), co-cultured with an irradiated fibroblast feeder cell in F-medium containing 10 µM ROCK inhibitor could maintain their lineage during expansion and whether this is influenced by underlying disease status. Here, we show that conditionally reprogrammed airway epithelial cells (CRAECs) can be established from both healthy and diseased phenotypes. CRAECs can be expanded, cryopreserved and maintain phenotypes over at least 5 passages. Population doublings of CRAEC cultures were significantly greater than standard cultures, but maintained their lineage characteristics. CRAECs from all phenotypes were also capable of fully differentiating at air-liquid interface (ALI) and maintained disease specific characteristics including; defective CFTR channel function cultures and the inability to repair wounds. Our findings indicate that CRAECs derived from children maintain lineage, phenotypic and importantly disease-specific functional characteristics over a specified passage range.

Multi-Voxel Decoding and the Topography of Maintained Information During Visual Working Memory

PubMed Central

Lee, Sue-Hyun; Baker, Chris I.

2016-01-01

The ability to maintain representations in the absence of external sensory stimulation, such as in working memory, is critical for guiding human behavior. Human functional brain imaging studies suggest that visual working memory can recruit a network of brain regions from visual to parietal to prefrontal cortex. In this review, we focus on the maintenance of representations during visual working memory and discuss factors determining the topography of those representations. In particular, we review recent studies employing multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) that demonstrate decoding of the maintained content in visual cortex, providing support for a “sensory recruitment” model of visual working memory. However, there is some evidence that maintained content can also be decoded in areas outside of visual cortex, including parietal and frontal cortex. We suggest that the ability to maintain representations during working memory is a general property of cortex, not restricted to specific areas, and argue that it is important to consider the nature of the information that must be maintained. Such information-content is critically determined by the task and the recruitment of specific regions during visual working memory will be both task- and stimulus-dependent. Thus, the common finding of maintained information in visual, but not parietal or prefrontal, cortex may be more of a reflection of the need to maintain specific types of visual information and not of a privileged role of visual cortex in maintenance. PMID:26912997

24 CFR 570.506 - Records to be maintained.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... attain or maintain any particular statistical measure by race, ethnicity, or gender in covered programs... CDBG funds, with such data maintained in the categories prescribed on the Equal Employment Opportunity... business and women's business enterprises have an equal opportunity to obtain or compete for contracts and...

24 CFR 570.506 - Records to be maintained.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... attain or maintain any particular statistical measure by race, ethnicity, or gender in covered programs... CDBG funds, with such data maintained in the categories prescribed on the Equal Employment Opportunity... business and women's business enterprises have an equal opportunity to obtain or compete for contracts and...

24 CFR 570.506 - Records to be maintained.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... attain or maintain any particular statistical measure by race, ethnicity, or gender in covered programs... CDBG funds, with such data maintained in the categories prescribed on the Equal Employment Opportunity... business and women's business enterprises have an equal opportunity to obtain or compete for contracts and...

17 CFR 1.73 - Clearing futures commission merchant risk management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... maintain systems of risk controls reasonably designed to ensure compliance with the limits; (iii) When a... for clearing, it shall establish and maintain systems of risk management controls reasonably designed... maintain systems of risk management controls reasonably designed to ensure compliance with the limits. (v...

17 CFR 1.73 - Clearing futures commission merchant risk management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... maintain systems of risk controls reasonably designed to ensure compliance with the limits; (iii) When a... for clearing, it shall establish and maintain systems of risk management controls reasonably designed... maintain systems of risk management controls reasonably designed to ensure compliance with the limits. (v...

19 CFR 143.6 - Failure to maintain performance standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Failure to maintain performance standards. 143.6... maintain performance standards. ABI participants must adhere to the performance requirements and... maximum of 90 days, if the participant's performance remains below standard, but, except for immediate...

29 CFR 1471.510 - Who maintains the EPLS?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 4 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Who maintains the EPLS? 1471.510 Section 1471.510 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) FEDERAL MEDIATION AND CONCILIATION SERVICE GOVERNMENTWIDE DEBARMENT AND SUSPENSION (NONPROCUREMENT) Excluded Parties List System § 1471.510 Who maintains the EPLS? In...

22 CFR 208.510 - Who maintains the EPLS?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Who maintains the EPLS? 208.510 Section 208.510 Foreign Relations AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT GOVERNMENTWIDE DEBARMENT AND SUSPENSION (NONPROCUREMENT) Excluded Parties List System § 208.510 Who maintains the EPLS? In accordance with the OMB...

22 CFR 208.510 - Who maintains the EPLS?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Who maintains the EPLS? 208.510 Section 208.510 Foreign Relations AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT GOVERNMENTWIDE DEBARMENT AND SUSPENSION (NONPROCUREMENT) Excluded Parties List System § 208.510 Who maintains the EPLS? In accordance with the OMB...

22 CFR 1508.510 - Who maintains the EPLS?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Who maintains the EPLS? 1508.510 Section 1508.510 Foreign Relations AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION GOVERNMENTWIDE DEBARMENT AND SUSPENSION (NONPROCUREMENT) Excluded Parties List System § 1508.510 Who maintains the EPLS? In accordance with the OMB...

22 CFR 1006.510 - Who maintains the EPLS?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Who maintains the EPLS? 1006.510 Section 1006.510 Foreign Relations INTER-AMERICAN FOUNDATION GOVERNMENTWIDE DEBARMENT AND SUSPENSION (NONPROCUREMENT) Excluded Parties List System § 1006.510 Who maintains the EPLS? In accordance with the OMB...

22 CFR 1508.510 - Who maintains the EPLS?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2012-04-01 2009-04-01 true Who maintains the EPLS? 1508.510 Section 1508.510 Foreign Relations AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION GOVERNMENTWIDE DEBARMENT AND SUSPENSION (NONPROCUREMENT) Excluded Parties List System § 1508.510 Who maintains the EPLS? In accordance with the OMB...

22 CFR 1006.510 - Who maintains the EPLS?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2012-04-01 2009-04-01 true Who maintains the EPLS? 1006.510 Section 1006.510 Foreign Relations INTER-AMERICAN FOUNDATION GOVERNMENTWIDE DEBARMENT AND SUSPENSION (NONPROCUREMENT) Excluded Parties List System § 1006.510 Who maintains the EPLS? In accordance with the OMB...

29 CFR 1471.510 - Who maintains the EPLS?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 4 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Who maintains the EPLS? 1471.510 Section 1471.510 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) FEDERAL MEDIATION AND CONCILIATION SERVICE GOVERNMENTWIDE DEBARMENT AND SUSPENSION (NONPROCUREMENT) Excluded Parties List System § 1471.510 Who maintains the EPLS? In...

7 CFR 4290.600 - General requirement for RBIC to maintain and preserve records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

.... (a) Maintaining your accounting records. You must establish and maintain your accounting records...) All your accounting and other financial records; (2) All minutes of meetings of directors, stockholders, executive committees, partners, members, or other officials; and (3) All documents and supporting...

7 CFR 3560.625 - Maintaining the physical asset.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Maintaining the physical asset. 3560.625 Section 3560.625 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE... Maintaining the physical asset. On-farm labor housing must meet state and local building and occupancy codes. ...

7 CFR 3560.625 - Maintaining the physical asset.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Maintaining the physical asset. 3560.625 Section 3560.625 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE... Maintaining the physical asset. On-farm labor housing must meet state and local building and occupancy codes. ...

7 CFR 3560.625 - Maintaining the physical asset.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Maintaining the physical asset. 3560.625 Section 3560.625 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE... Maintaining the physical asset. On-farm labor housing must meet state and local building and occupancy codes. ...

7 CFR 3560.625 - Maintaining the physical asset.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Maintaining the physical asset. 3560.625 Section 3560.625 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE... Maintaining the physical asset. On-farm labor housing must meet state and local building and occupancy codes. ...

7 CFR 3560.625 - Maintaining the physical asset.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Maintaining the physical asset. 3560.625 Section 3560.625 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE... Maintaining the physical asset. On-farm labor housing must meet state and local building and occupancy codes. ...

76 FR 2737 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; National Securities Clearing Corporation; Order Approving Proposed...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-14

..., and maintain these relationships. Both the Special Representative Member and the Correspondent Member... members maintain their correspondent and Special Representative relationships should help remove certain... maintains direct access to that market to enable the resulting position to be moved from the Special...

29 CFR 4043.30 - Liquidation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... liquidation and its ownership relationship to other members of that controlled group; and (2) For each other plan maintained by any member of the plan's controlled group, identification of the plan and its... reportable event occurs; and (ii) Each plan that was maintained by the liquidating member is maintained by...

48 CFR 3006.202 - Establishing or maintaining alternative sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... COMPETITION REQUIREMENTS Full and Open Competition After Exclusion of Sources 3006.202 Establishing or maintaining alternative sources. (b)(1) The HCA is delegated authority to approve a D&F in support of a... maintaining alternative sources. 3006.202 Section 3006.202 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT...

20 CFR 663.550 - How is eligible provider information developed and maintained?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... developed and maintained? 663.550 Section 663.550 Employees' Benefits EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR ADULT AND DISLOCATED WORKER ACTIVITIES UNDER TITLE I OF THE WORKFORCE INVESTMENT ACT Eligible Training Providers § 663.550 How is eligible provider information developed and maintained? (a...

20 CFR 663.550 - How is eligible provider information developed and maintained?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... developed and maintained? 663.550 Section 663.550 Employees' Benefits EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR ADULT AND DISLOCATED WORKER ACTIVITIES UNDER TITLE I OF THE WORKFORCE INVESTMENT ACT Eligible Training Providers § 663.550 How is eligible provider information developed and maintained? (a...

77 FR 837 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-06

...,'' and ``Retention and disposal.'' Under the existing system of records, BEP may collect and maintain... collect and maintain background investigation records on individuals who do not work for BEP or for any of... maintained for ``five years after expiration of a security agreement or a nondisclosure agreement.'' This is...

29 CFR 825.211 - Maintenance of benefits under multi-employer health plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... which is maintained pursuant to one or more collective bargaining agreements between employee..., unless the plan contains an explicit FMLA provision for maintaining coverage such as through pooled... by the group health plan, and benefits provided pursuant to the plan, must be maintained at the level...

29 CFR 2520.104-26 - Limited exemption for certain unfunded dues financed welfare plans maintained by employee...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... welfare plans maintained by employee organizations. 2520.104-26 Section 2520.104-26 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EMPLOYEE BENEFITS SECURITY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR REPORTING AND... exemption for certain unfunded dues financed welfare plans maintained by employee organizations. (a) Scope...

24 CFR 234.17 - Mortgagor and mortgagee requirements for maintaining flood insurance coverage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Mortgagor and mortgagee requirements for maintaining flood insurance coverage. 234.17 Section 234.17 Housing and Urban Development... maintaining flood insurance coverage. The maintenance of flood insurance coverage on the project by the...

12 CFR 559.10 - How must separate corporate identities be maintained?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false How must separate corporate identities be maintained? 559.10 Section 559.10 Banks and Banking OFFICE OF THRIFT SUPERVISION, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY... corporate identities be maintained? (a) Each savings association and subordinate organization thereof must...

47 CFR 73.3527 - Local public inspection file of noncommercial educational stations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... following shall maintain for public inspection a file containing the material set forth in this section. (1... shall maintain a public inspection file containing the material, relating to that station, described in... broadcast services shall maintain a public inspection file containing the material, relating to that station...

47 CFR 73.3527 - Local public inspection file of noncommercial educational stations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... following shall maintain for public inspection a file containing the material set forth in this section. (1... shall maintain a public inspection file containing the material, relating to that station, described in... broadcast services shall maintain a public inspection file containing the material, relating to that station...

47 CFR 73.3527 - Local public inspection file of noncommercial educational stations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... following shall maintain for public inspection a file containing the material set forth in this section. (1... shall maintain a public inspection file containing the material, relating to that station, described in... broadcast services shall maintain a public inspection file containing the material, relating to that station...

21 CFR 1404.510 - Who maintains the EPLS?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Who maintains the EPLS? 1404.510 Section 1404.510 Food and Drugs OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY GOVERNMENTWIDE DEBARMENT AND SUSPENSION (NONPROCUREMENT) Excluded Parties List System § 1404.510 Who maintains the EPLS? In accordance with the OMB...

Mediators' Emotional Responses to Self-Injurious Behavior: An Experimental Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mossman, Dominique A.; Hastings, Richard P.; Brown, Tony

2002-01-01

Sixty mediators from British schools for children with mental retardation watched one of five matched videos depicting no self-injury, self-injury maintained by positive reinforcement, self-injury maintained by negative reinforcement, and self-injury unrelated to social events. Self-injury maintained by negative reinforcement was associated with…

12 CFR 559.10 - How must separate corporate identities be maintained?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2013-01-01 2012-01-01 true How must separate corporate identities be maintained? 559.10 Section 559.10 Banks and Banking OFFICE OF THRIFT SUPERVISION, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY... corporate identities be maintained? (a) Each savings association and subordinate organization thereof must...

12 CFR 559.10 - How must separate corporate identities be maintained?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2014-01-01 2012-01-01 true How must separate corporate identities be maintained? 559.10 Section 559.10 Banks and Banking OFFICE OF THRIFT SUPERVISION, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY... corporate identities be maintained? (a) Each savings association and subordinate organization thereof must...

12 CFR 559.10 - How must separate corporate identities be maintained?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false How must separate corporate identities be maintained? 559.10 Section 559.10 Banks and Banking OFFICE OF THRIFT SUPERVISION, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY... corporate identities be maintained? (a) Each savings association and subordinate organization thereof must...

12 CFR 559.10 - How must separate corporate identities be maintained?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false How must separate corporate identities be maintained? 559.10 Section 559.10 Banks and Banking OFFICE OF THRIFT SUPERVISION, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY... corporate identities be maintained? (a) Each savings association and subordinate organization thereof must...

34 CFR 668.163 - Maintaining and accounting for funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., ACG, National SMART Grant, TEACH Grant, FSEOG, and FWS program funds in an interest-bearing bank... not have to maintain Direct Loan, Federal Pell Grant, ACG, National SMART Grant, TEACH Grant, FSEOG... just-in-time payment method. (4) If an institution maintains Direct Loan, Federal Pell Grant, ACG...

34 CFR 668.163 - Maintaining and accounting for funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., ACG, National SMART Grant, TEACH Grant, FSEOG, and FWS program funds in an interest-bearing bank... not have to maintain Direct Loan, Federal Pell Grant, ACG, National SMART Grant, TEACH Grant, FSEOG... just-in-time payment method. (4) If an institution maintains Direct Loan, Federal Pell Grant, ACG...

34 CFR 668.163 - Maintaining and accounting for funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., ACG, National SMART Grant, TEACH Grant, FSEOG, and FWS program funds in an interest-bearing bank... not have to maintain Direct Loan, Federal Pell Grant, ACG, National SMART Grant, TEACH Grant, FSEOG... just-in-time payment method. (4) If an institution maintains Direct Loan, Federal Pell Grant, ACG...

34 CFR 668.163 - Maintaining and accounting for funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., ACG, National SMART Grant, TEACH Grant, FSEOG, and FWS program funds in an interest-bearing bank... not have to maintain Direct Loan, Federal Pell Grant, ACG, National SMART Grant, TEACH Grant, FSEOG... just-in-time payment method. (4) If an institution maintains Direct Loan, Federal Pell Grant, ACG...

34 CFR 668.163 - Maintaining and accounting for funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., ACG, National SMART Grant, TEACH Grant, FSEOG, and FWS program funds in an interest-bearing bank... not have to maintain Direct Loan, Federal Pell Grant, ACG, National SMART Grant, TEACH Grant, FSEOG... just-in-time payment method. (4) If an institution maintains Direct Loan, Federal Pell Grant, ACG...

36 CFR 1236.26 - What actions must agencies take to maintain electronic information systems?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... take to maintain electronic information systems? 1236.26 Section 1236.26 Parks, Forests, and Public... electronic information systems? (a) Agencies must maintain inventories of electronic information systems and... electronic information systems that is adequate to: (1) Specify all technical characteristics necessary for...

45 CFR 1182.15 - Institute responsibility for maintaining adequate technical, physical, and security safeguards to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... record systems. The Chief Information Officer has the responsibility of maintaining adequate technical... the Chief Information Officer. The log shall be maintained at all times. (6) The Institute shall... identifiable personal information. Such safeguards must be sufficient to prevent negligent, accidental, or...

45 CFR 1182.15 - Institute responsibility for maintaining adequate technical, physical, and security safeguards to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... record systems. The Chief Information Officer has the responsibility of maintaining adequate technical... the Chief Information Officer. The log shall be maintained at all times. (6) The Institute shall... identifiable personal information. Such safeguards must be sufficient to prevent negligent, accidental, or...

45 CFR 1182.15 - Institute responsibility for maintaining adequate technical, physical, and security safeguards to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... record systems. The Chief Information Officer has the responsibility of maintaining adequate technical... the Chief Information Officer. The log shall be maintained at all times. (6) The Institute shall... identifiable personal information. Such safeguards must be sufficient to prevent negligent, accidental, or...

45 CFR 1182.15 - Institute responsibility for maintaining adequate technical, physical, and security safeguards to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... record systems. The Chief Information Officer has the responsibility of maintaining adequate technical... the Chief Information Officer. The log shall be maintained at all times. (6) The Institute shall... identifiable personal information. Such safeguards must be sufficient to prevent negligent, accidental, or...

78 FR 78256 - Shared Responsibility Payment for Not Maintaining Minimum Essential Coverage; Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-26

... Shared Responsibility Payment for Not Maintaining Minimum Essential Coverage; Correction AGENCY: Internal... 5000A of the Internal Revenue Code for the shared responsibility payment for not maintaining minimum... language ``for shared responsibility payment for an'' is corrected to read ``for the shared responsibility...

34 CFR 85.510 - Who maintains the EPLS?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Who maintains the EPLS? 85.510 Section 85.510 Education Office of the Secretary, Department of Education GOVERNMENTWIDE DEBARMENT AND SUSPENSION (NONPROCUREMENT) Excluded Parties List System § 85.510 Who maintains the EPLS? In accordance with the OMB guidelines, the...

Understanding the experience of ambivalence in anorexia nervosa: the maintainer's perspective.

PubMed

Williams, Sarah; Reid, Marie

2010-06-01

People with anorexia often feel ambivalent about whether they wish to maintain it or recover from it. One place where individuals can communicate their experiences of wanting to maintain their anorexia is through pro-anorexia websites. This study investigated the experiences and understandings of those who wish to maintain their anorexia and looked at how these understandings may affect their treatment experiences. Data were collected online and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Anorexia denoted meanings of a 'tool', an 'entity' and a 'disease'. Participants felt ambivalent about whether their anorexia gave them control or controlled them, whether it played a positive or negative role and whether they wished to maintain their behaviours or recover. Participants also discussed barriers to recovery. Theoretical and treatment implications are discussed.

The Therapeutic Utility of Employment in Treating Drug Addiction: Science to Application.

PubMed

Silverman, Kenneth; Holtyn, August F; Morrison, Reed

2016-06-01

Research on a model Therapeutic Workplace has allowed for evaluation of the use of employment in the treatment of drug addiction. Under the Therapeutic Workplace intervention, adults with histories of drug addiction are hired and paid to work. To promote drug abstinence or adherence to addiction medications, participants are required to provide drug-free urine samples or take prescribed addiction medications, respectively, to gain access to the workplace and/or to maintain their maximum rate of pay. Research has shown that the Therapeutic Workplace intervention is effective in promoting and maintaining abstinence from heroin, cocaine and alcohol and in promoting adherence to naltrexone. Three models could be used to implement and maintain employment-based reinforcement in the treatment of drug addiction: A Social Business model, a Cooperative Employer model, and a Wage Supplement model. Under all models, participants initiate abstinence in a training and abstinence initiation phase (Phase 1). Under the Social Business model, Phase 1 graduates are hired as employees in a social business and required to maintain abstinence to maintain employment and/or maximum pay. Under the Cooperative Employer model, cooperating community employers hire graduates of Phase 1 and require them to maintain abstinence to maintain employment and/or maximum pay. Under the Wage Supplement Model, graduates of Phase 1 are offered abstinence-contingent wage supplements if they maintain competitive employment in a community job. Given the severity and persistence of the problem of drug addiction and the lack of treatments that can produce lasting effects, continued development of the Therapeutic Workplace is warranted.

26 CFR 1.419A(f)(6)-1 - Exception for 10 or more employer plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... employers; (iii) That does not maintain an experience-rating arrangement with respect to any individual... information. A plan satisfies the requirements of this paragraph (a)(2) if the plan is maintained pursuant to a written document that requires the plan administrator to maintain records sufficient for the...

26 CFR 1.419A(f)(6)-1 - Exception for 10 or more employer plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... employers; (iii) That does not maintain an experience-rating arrangement with respect to any individual... information. A plan satisfies the requirements of this paragraph (a)(2) if the plan is maintained pursuant to a written document that requires the plan administrator to maintain records sufficient for the...

25 CFR 39.407 - How long must a school maintain records?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... administrative official for each school must maintain records relating to ISEP, supplemental services, and... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false How long must a school maintain records? 39.407 Section 39.407 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR EDUCATION THE INDIAN SCHOOL...

47 CFR 76.1700 - Records to be maintained by cable system operators.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Records to be maintained by cable system operators. 76.1700 Section 76.1700 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST... or part of the public inspection file may be maintained in a computer database, as long as a computer...

47 CFR 76.1700 - Records to be maintained by cable system operators.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Records to be maintained by cable system operators. 76.1700 Section 76.1700 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST... or part of the public inspection file may be maintained in a computer database, as long as a computer...

29 CFR 1960.28 - Employee reports of unsafe or unhealthful working conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... report of an existing or potential unsafe or unhealthful working condition should be recorded on a log maintained at the establishment. If an agency finds it inappropriate to maintain a log of written reports at... sequentially numbered case file, coded for identification, should be assigned for purposes of maintaining an...

77 FR 57178 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-17

...) maintain a written record of the request; (2) establish the relationship of the requester to the deceased... Maintain Home-- 20 CFR 416.212(b)(1)--0960-0516. When SSI recipients (1) enter a public institution or (2... from the recipient, the recipient's family, or friends confirming SSI payments are needed to maintain...

25 CFR 1000.396 - Does a Tribe/Consortium have additional ongoing requirements to maintain minimum standards for...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... requirements to maintain minimum standards for Tribe/Consortium management systems? 1000.396 Section 1000.396... AGREEMENTS UNDER THE TRIBAL SELF-GOVERNMENT ACT AMENDMENTS TO THE INDIAN SELF-DETERMINATION AND EDUCATION ACT... minimum standards for Tribe/Consortium management systems? Yes, the Tribe/Consortium must maintain...

24 CFR 6.6 - Records to be maintained.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Records to be maintained. 6.6 Section 6.6 Housing and Urban Development Office of the Secretary, Department of Housing and Urban... COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 1974 General Provisions § 6.6 Records to be maintained. (a) General. Recipients...

An Unexpected Effect: Restitution Maintains Object Throwing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jensen, Mary

1988-01-01

This study examined effects of restitution on object throwing behavior of an adolescent male with severe mental retardation. Restitution was shown to maintain throwing behavior. When the subject was not forced to pick up what he threw (no restitution), throwing dropped to zero and was maintained at a very low rate. (Author/PB)

24 CFR 203.16a - Mortgagor and mortgagee requirement for maintaining flood insurance coverage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... for maintaining flood insurance coverage. 203.16a Section 203.16a Housing and Urban Development... requirement for maintaining flood insurance coverage. (a) If the mortgage is to cover property improvements (dwelling and related structures/equipment essential to the value of the property and subject to flood...

76 FR 28780 - Ocean Transportation Intermediary License; Revocation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-18

...: April 11, 2011. Reason: Failed to maintain a valid bond. License Number: 004093F. Name: Marathon... Revoked: April 23, 2011. Reason: Failed to maintain a valid bond. License Number: 4473N. Name: Maromar.... Date Revoked: April 8, 2011. Reason: Failed to maintain a valid bond. License Number: 4677F. Name: B.M...

42 CFR 424.516 - Additional provider and supplier requirements for enrolling and maintaining active enrollment...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... enrolling and maintaining active enrollment status in the Medicare program. 424.516 Section 424.516 Public... active enrollment status in the Medicare program. (a) Certifying compliance. CMS enrolls and maintains an active enrollment status for a provider or supplier when that provider or supplier certifies that it...

42 CFR 424.516 - Additional provider and supplier requirements for enrolling and maintaining active enrollment...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... enrolling and maintaining active enrollment status in the Medicare program. 424.516 Section 424.516 Public... active enrollment status in the Medicare program. (a) Certifying compliance. CMS enrolls and maintains an active enrollment status for a provider or supplier when that provider or supplier certifies that it...

Vitamin A Status is Associated With T-Cell Responses In Bangladeshi Men

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Recommendations for vitamin A intake are based on maintaining liver stores of equal to or greater than 0.070 umol/g, which is sufficient to maintain normal vision. We propose that higher levels may be required to maintain normal immune function. To test this hypothesis, we conducted an 8 wk resident...

Academic Practices to Gain and Maintain Student-Teacher Connectedness and Classroom Behavioral Management, Related to Educator Demographics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kendall, Leslie Threadgill

2015-01-01

Connectedness and classroom management has been defined as the ability to relate to students and keep order and maintain successful relationships with individuals. This qualitative study utilized surveys, questionnaires, interviews, and observations to examine the best practices implemented by educators to develop and maintain connections with…

40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart Dddd of... - Operating Requirements

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... minimum temperature established during the performance test Maintain the 3-hour block average THC... representative sample of the catalyst at least every 12 months Maintain the 3-hour block average THC... established according to § 63.2262(m) Maintain the 24-hour block average THC concentration a in the biofilter...

40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart Dddd of... - Operating Requirements

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... minimum temperature established during the performance test Maintain the 3-hour block average THC... representative sample of the catalyst at least every 12 months Maintain the 3-hour block average THC... established according to § 63.2262(m) Maintain the 24-hour block average THC concentration a in the biofilter...

33 CFR 150.705 - What are the requirements for maintaining and inspecting aids to navigation?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... maintaining and inspecting aids to navigation? 150.705 Section 150.705 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) DEEPWATER PORTS DEEPWATER PORTS: OPERATIONS Aids to Navigation § 150.705 What are the requirements for maintaining and inspecting aids to navigation? (a) All...

33 CFR 150.705 - What are the requirements for maintaining and inspecting aids to navigation?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... maintaining and inspecting aids to navigation? 150.705 Section 150.705 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) DEEPWATER PORTS DEEPWATER PORTS: OPERATIONS Aids to Navigation § 150.705 What are the requirements for maintaining and inspecting aids to navigation? (a) All...

33 CFR 150.705 - What are the requirements for maintaining and inspecting aids to navigation?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... maintaining and inspecting aids to navigation? 150.705 Section 150.705 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) DEEPWATER PORTS DEEPWATER PORTS: OPERATIONS Aids to Navigation § 150.705 What are the requirements for maintaining and inspecting aids to navigation? (a) All...

33 CFR 150.705 - What are the requirements for maintaining and inspecting aids to navigation?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... maintaining and inspecting aids to navigation? 150.705 Section 150.705 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) DEEPWATER PORTS DEEPWATER PORTS: OPERATIONS Aids to Navigation § 150.705 What are the requirements for maintaining and inspecting aids to navigation? (a) All...

33 CFR 118.5 - Penalty for failure to maintain.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... States who fails or refuses to maintain such lights and other signals, or to obey any of the lawful rules... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Penalty for failure to maintain. 118.5 Section 118.5 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY...

Evaluation of cleanings to maintain oak forests on the Allegheny National Forest

Treesearch

Kurt W. Gottschalk; Gary W. Miller; Robert L. White; Andrea Hille; Thomas M. Schuler

2014-01-01

Ten-year results for an administrative study on the Allegheny National Forest (ANF) that examined their cleaning (precommercial thinning) prescriptions and standards for success in maintaining oak (Quercus spp.) composition in young stands and maintaining oak stems in a competitive position are presented. Two studies were installed. One study was in...

49 CFR 384.229 - Skills test examiner auditing and monitoring.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... overt monitoring must be performed at least once every year; (c) Establish and maintain a database to...; (d) Establish and maintain a database of all third party testers and examiners, which at a minimum... examiner; (e) Establish and maintain a database of all State CDL skills examiners, which at a minimum...

49 CFR 384.229 - Skills test examiner auditing and monitoring.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... overt monitoring must be performed at least once every year; (c) Establish and maintain a database to...; (d) Establish and maintain a database of all third party testers and examiners, which at a minimum... examiner; (e) Establish and maintain a database of all State CDL skills examiners, which at a minimum...

13 CFR 120.829 - Job Opportunity average a CDC must maintain.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Job Opportunity average a CDC must... LOANS Development Company Loan Program (504) Requirements for Cdc Certification and Operation § 120.829 Job Opportunity average a CDC must maintain. (a) A CDC's portfolio must maintain a minimum average of...

13 CFR 120.829 - Job Opportunity average a CDC must maintain.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Job Opportunity average a CDC must... LOANS Development Company Loan Program (504) Requirements for Cdc Certification and Operation § 120.829 Job Opportunity average a CDC must maintain. (a) A CDC's portfolio must maintain a minimum average of...

13 CFR 120.829 - Job Opportunity average a CDC must maintain.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Job Opportunity average a CDC must... LOANS Development Company Loan Program (504) Requirements for Cdc Certification and Operation § 120.829 Job Opportunity average a CDC must maintain. (a) A CDC's portfolio must maintain a minimum average of...

12 CFR 159.10 - How must separate corporate identities be maintained?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false How must separate corporate identities be maintained? 159.10 Section 159.10 Banks and Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY SUBORDINATE ORGANIZATIONS § 159.10 How must separate corporate identities be maintained? (a) Each Federal...

12 CFR 159.10 - How must separate corporate identities be maintained?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false How must separate corporate identities be maintained? 159.10 Section 159.10 Banks and Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY SUBORDINATE ORGANIZATIONS § 159.10 How must separate corporate identities be maintained? (a) Each Federal...

12 CFR 390.252 - How must separate corporate identities be maintained?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false How must separate corporate identities be maintained? 390.252 Section 390.252 Banks and Banking FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION REGULATIONS AND... Organizations § 390.252 How must separate corporate identities be maintained? (a) Each State savings association...

12 CFR 159.10 - How must separate corporate identities be maintained?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false How must separate corporate identities be maintained? 159.10 Section 159.10 Banks and Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY SUBORDINATE ORGANIZATIONS § 159.10 How must separate corporate identities be maintained? (a) Each Federal...

12 CFR 390.252 - How must separate corporate identities be maintained?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false How must separate corporate identities be maintained? 390.252 Section 390.252 Banks and Banking FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION REGULATIONS AND... Organizations § 390.252 How must separate corporate identities be maintained? (a) Each State savings association...

12 CFR 390.252 - How must separate corporate identities be maintained?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false How must separate corporate identities be maintained? 390.252 Section 390.252 Banks and Banking FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION REGULATIONS AND... Organizations § 390.252 How must separate corporate identities be maintained? (a) Each State savings association...

14 CFR 23.77 - Balked landing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... pounds or less maximum weight must be able to maintain a steady gradient of climb at sea level of at... acrobatic category turbine engine-powered airplane must be able to maintain a steady gradient of climb of at....73(b). (c) Each commuter category airplane must be able to maintain a steady gradient of climb of at...

33 CFR 150.705 - What are the requirements for maintaining and inspecting aids to navigation?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... maintaining and inspecting aids to navigation? 150.705 Section 150.705 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) DEEPWATER PORTS DEEPWATER PORTS: OPERATIONS Aids to Navigation § 150.705 What are the requirements for maintaining and inspecting aids to navigation? (a) All...

The Role of the School Business Official in Maintaining School District Financial Solvency

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, Ann C.

2012-01-01

The purpose of this study was to identify the job responsibilities perceived as most important in maintaining school district financial solvency. Additionally, the study sought to identify specific financial management strategies school business officials (SBO) could consider to maintain financial solvency in their school districts. A total of 208…

A comparison of categorization criteria used to define successful weight loss maintainers and regainers in the Look AHEAD and DPP trials

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Introduction: While a variety of lifestyle interventions have resulted in successful weight loss, effective strategies to maintain weight loss are lacking, with many interventions reporting high rates of regain. Identifying characteristics of individuals who successfully maintained their weight afte...

33 CFR 154.1041 - Specific response information to be maintained on mobile MTR facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... be maintained on mobile MTR facilities. 154.1041 Section 154.1041 Navigation and Navigable Waters... maintained on mobile MTR facilities. (a) Each mobile MTR facility must carry the following information as... respond to a discharge from the mobile MTR facility. (3) List of the appropriate persons and agencies...

One for All: Maintaining a Single Schedule Database for Large Development Projects

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hilscher, R.; Howerton, G.

1999-01-01

Efficiently maintaining and controlling a single schedule database in an Integrated Product Team environment is a significant challenge. It's accomplished effectively with the right combination of tools, skills, strategy, creativity, and teamwork. We'll share our lessons learned maintaining a 20,000 plus task network on a 36 month project.

The Cost of Maintaining Educational Communications Equipment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Humphrey, David A.

Tentative formulas for calculating the cost of maintaining educational communications equipment are proposed. The formulas are based on a survey of campuses of the State University of New York. The survey analyzed the types of equipment to be maintained, types of maintenance, who uses the equipment, who services the equipment, and the cost…

wnt3a but not wnt11 supports self-renewal of embryonic stem cells

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Singla, Dinender K.; Schneider, David J.; LeWinter, Martin M.

2006-06-30

wnt proteins (wnts) promote both differentiation of midbrain dopaminergic cells and self-renewal of haematopoietic stem cells. Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells can be maintained and self-renew on mouse feeder cell layers or in media containing leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). However, the effects of wnts on ES cells self-renewal and differentiation are not clearly understood. In the present study, we found that conditioned medium prepared from L cells expressing wnt3a can replace feeder cell layers and medium containing LIF in maintaining ES cells in the proliferation without differentiation (self-renewal) state. By contrast, conditioned medium from NIH3T3 cells expressing wnt11 did not.more » Alkaline phosphatase staining and compact colony formation were used as criteria of cells being in the undifferentiated state. ES cells maintained in medium conditioned by Wnt3a expressing cells underwent freezing and thawing while maintaining properties seen with LIF maintained ES cells. Purified wnt3a did not maintain self-renewal of ES cells for prolonged intervals. Thus, other factors in the medium conditioned by wnt3a expressing cells may have contributed to maintenance of ES cells in a self-renewal state. Pluripotency of ES cells was determined with the use of embryoid bodies in vitro. PD98059, a MEK specific inhibitor, promoted the growth of undifferentiated ES cells maintained in conditioned medium from wnt3a expressing cells. By contrast, the P38 MAPK inhibitor SB230580 did not, suggesting a role for the MEK pathway in self-renewal and differentiation of ES cells maintained in the wnt3a cell conditioned medium. Thus, our results show that conditioned medium from wnt3a but not wnt11 expressing cells can maintain ES cells in self-renewal and in a pluripotent state.« less

Current and maintained health-enhancing physical activity in rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study.

PubMed

Demmelmaier, Ingrid; Bergman, Patrick; Nordgren, Birgitta; Jensen, Irene; Opava, Christina H

2013-07-01

To describe and identify the explanatory factors of variation in current and maintained health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA) in persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this cross-sectional study, current HEPA was assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and maintained HEPA with the Exercise Stage Assessment Instrument, the latter explicitly focusing on both aerobic physical activity and muscle strength training. Sociodemographic, disease-related, and psychosocial data were retrieved from the Swedish Rheumatology Quality (SRQ) registers and a postal questionnaire. The explained variations in the respective HEPA behaviors were analyzed with logistic regression. In all, 3,152 (58.5%) of 5,391 persons identified as eligible from the SRQ registers responded to the questionnaire. Current HEPA was reported by 69%, and maintained HEPA by 11% of the respondents. The most salient and consistent factors explaining variation in both current and maintained HEPA were self-efficacy, social support, and outcome expectations related to physical activity. To our knowledge, this is the first study exploring maintained physical activity in a large well-defined sample of persons with RA. Our results indicate that a minority perform maintained HEPA, including both aerobic physical activity and muscle strength training, and that psychosocial factors are the most salient and consistent in the explanation of HEPA variation. Copyright © 2013 by the American College of Rheumatology.

20 CFR 200.5 - Protection of privacy of records maintained on individuals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2013-04-01 2012-04-01 true Protection of privacy of records maintained on individuals. 200.5 Section 200.5 Employees' Benefits RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD GENERAL ADMINISTRATION GENERAL ADMINISTRATION § 200.5 Protection of privacy of records maintained on individuals. (a) Purpose and scope. The purpose of this section is t...

20 CFR 200.5 - Protection of privacy of records maintained on individuals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Protection of privacy of records maintained on individuals. 200.5 Section 200.5 Employees' Benefits RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD GENERAL ADMINISTRATION GENERAL ADMINISTRATION § 200.5 Protection of privacy of records maintained on individuals. (a) Purpose and scope. The purpose of this section is...

20 CFR 200.5 - Protection of privacy of records maintained on individuals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2014-04-01 2012-04-01 true Protection of privacy of records maintained on individuals. 200.5 Section 200.5 Employees' Benefits RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD GENERAL ADMINISTRATION GENERAL ADMINISTRATION § 200.5 Protection of privacy of records maintained on individuals. (a) Purpose and scope. The purpose of this section is t...

20 CFR 200.5 - Protection of privacy of records maintained on individuals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Protection of privacy of records maintained on individuals. 200.5 Section 200.5 Employees' Benefits RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD GENERAL ADMINISTRATION GENERAL ADMINISTRATION § 200.5 Protection of privacy of records maintained on individuals. (a) Purpose and scope. The purpose of this section is...

40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart Mmmmm of... - Operating Limits for New or Reconstructed Flame Lamination Affected Sources

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... scrubber, maintain the daily average pressure drop across the venturi within the operating range value... . . . You must . . . 1. Scrubber a. Maintain the daily average scrubber inlet liquid flow rate above the minimum value established during the performance test. b. Maintain the daily average scrubber effluent pH...

Historic anthropogenically maintained bear grass savannas of the southeastern Olympic Peninsula.

Treesearch

D.H. Peter; D. Shebitz

2006-01-01

A little-known fire-maintained anthropogenic ecosystem in the southeastern Olympic Peninsula of Washington is documented. Owing to cessation of burning, most of these areas have succeeded to forest. We present cultural, historical, and ecological data to describe the structure and function of this ecosystem. We believe that native peoples maintained this system for the...

25 CFR 1000.396 - Does a Tribe/Consortium have additional ongoing requirements to maintain minimum standards for...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Does a Tribe/Consortium have additional ongoing requirements to maintain minimum standards for Tribe/Consortium management systems? 1000.396 Section 1000.396... Miscellaneous Provisions § 1000.396 Does a Tribe/Consortium have additional ongoing requirements to maintain...

36 CFR 903.11 - Routine uses of records maintained in the system of records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Routine uses of records maintained in the system of records. 903.11 Section 903.11 Parks, Forests, and Public Property PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION PRIVACY ACT § 903.11 Routine uses of records maintained in the system of...

Maintaining Quality in Troubled Times. Pacific Rim Association for Higher Education Annual Conference (2nd, Seattle, Washington, October 13-14, 1981).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pacific Rim Association for Higher Education.

Proceedings of the Pacific Rim Association for Higher Education 1981 conference are summarized. Authors and the summarized papers are as follows: "Maintaining Quality in Troubled Times: The University Perspective" (George M. Beckmann); "Maintaining Quality in Troubled Times: The Community College Perspective" (Don A. Morgan);…

Static Balance: A Comparative Study of Primary Age Boys and Girls.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DiNucci, James M.

The ability to attain and maintain a body position or balance is considered important in learning and performing motor skills. Static balance is defined as balance in which the body maintains equilibrium for one position; dynamic balance is described as maintaining equilibrium while the body is in motion or changing from one balanced position to…

12 CFR 617.7315 - What records must the qualified lender maintain on behalf of the CRC?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... on behalf of the CRC? 617.7315 Section 617.7315 Banks and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM... must the qualified lender maintain on behalf of the CRC? A qualified lender must maintain a complete file of all requests for CRC reviews, including participation in state mediation programs, the minutes...

"Between a Rock and a Hard Place": Diversity, Institutional Identity and Grant-maintained Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fitz, John; Halpin, David; Power, Sally

1997-01-01

Considers the extent to which grant-maintained schools (state-supported but self-governing) in Britain have contributed to the diversification of the system. Argues that the private schools have yet to provide programs that are innovative or ground breaking. Includes excerpts from interviews with nine grant-maintained school headmasters. (MJP)

9 CFR 312.10 - Official mark for maintaining the identity and integrity of samples.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Official mark for maintaining the identity and integrity of samples. 312.10 Section 312.10 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND... § 312.10 Official mark for maintaining the identity and integrity of samples. The official mark for use...

9 CFR 381.112 - Official mark for maintaining the identity and integrity of samples.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Official mark for maintaining the identity and integrity of samples. 381.112 Section 381.112 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND... mark for maintaining the identity and integrity of samples. The official mark for use in sealing...

26 CFR 301.9100-16T - Election to accrue vacation pay.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... accounts maintained by the taxpayer within a single trade or business if the liability is contingent when vacation pay is earned. (b) Time for making election. (1) In the case of a taxpayer who established or maintained a vacation pay account pursuant to I.T. 3956 and who continued to maintain such account pursuant...

21 CFR 212.110 - How must I maintain records of my production of PET drugs?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... PET drugs? 212.110 Section 212.110 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH... EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUGS Records § 212.110 How must I maintain records of my production of PET drugs? (a) Record availability. Records must be maintained at the PET drug production facility or another location...

21 CFR 212.110 - How must I maintain records of my production of PET drugs?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... PET drugs? 212.110 Section 212.110 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH... EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUGS Records § 212.110 How must I maintain records of my production of PET drugs? (a) Record availability. Records must be maintained at the PET drug production facility or another location...

21 CFR 212.110 - How must I maintain records of my production of PET drugs?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... PET drugs? 212.110 Section 212.110 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH... EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUGS Records § 212.110 How must I maintain records of my production of PET drugs? (a) Record availability. Records must be maintained at the PET drug production facility or another location...

49 CFR 384.229 - Skills test examiner auditing and monitoring.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... must be performed at least once every year; (c) Establish and maintain a database to track pass/fail... maintain a database of all third party testers and examiners, which at a minimum tracks the dates and... and maintain a database of all State CDL skills examiners, which at a minimum tracks the dates and...

49 CFR 384.229 - Skills test examiner auditing and monitoring.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... must be performed at least once every year; (c) Establish and maintain a database to track pass/fail... maintain a database of all third party testers and examiners, which at a minimum tracks the dates and... and maintain a database of all State CDL skills examiners, which at a minimum tracks the dates and...

13 CFR 120.846 - Requirements for maintaining and renewing PCLP status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Requirements for maintaining and renewing PCLP status. (a) To maintain its status as a PCLP CDC, a CDC must... with all Loan Program Requirements. (4) Remain an active CDC. (5) In accordance with statutory... 50 percent of its 504 loans using PCLP procedures. (b) SBA will notify the PCLP CDC in writing of a...

13 CFR 120.846 - Requirements for maintaining and renewing PCLP status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Requirements for maintaining and renewing PCLP status. (a) To maintain its status as a PCLP CDC, a CDC must... with all Loan Program Requirements. (4) Remain an active CDC. (5) In accordance with statutory... 50 percent of its 504 loans using PCLP procedures. (b) SBA will notify the PCLP CDC in writing of a...

13 CFR 120.846 - Requirements for maintaining and renewing PCLP status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Requirements for maintaining and renewing PCLP status. (a) To maintain its status as a PCLP CDC, a CDC must... with all Loan Program Requirements. (4) Remain an active CDC. (5) In accordance with statutory... 50 percent of its 504 loans using PCLP procedures. (b) SBA will notify the PCLP CDC in writing of a...

13 CFR 120.846 - Requirements for maintaining and renewing PCLP status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Requirements for maintaining and renewing PCLP status. (a) To maintain its status as a PCLP CDC, a CDC must... with all Loan Program Requirements. (4) Remain an active CDC. (5) In accordance with statutory... 50 percent of its 504 loans using PCLP procedures. (b) SBA will notify the PCLP CDC in writing of a...

13 CFR 120.846 - Requirements for maintaining and renewing PCLP status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Requirements for maintaining and renewing PCLP status. (a) To maintain its status as a PCLP CDC, a CDC must... with all Loan Program Requirements. (4) Remain an active CDC. (5) In accordance with statutory... 50 percent of its 504 loans using PCLP procedures. (b) SBA will notify the PCLP CDC in writing of a...

Ten-year results of using oak Cleanings to maintain oak species dominance on the Allegheny National Forest

Treesearch

Kurt W. Gottschalk; Gary W. Miller; Robert White; Andrea Hille; Thomas M. Schuler

2014-01-01

The Allegheny National Forest (ANF) in northwestern Pennsylvania implemented precommercial thinning in young stands to maintain oak (Quercus spp.) stems in a competitive position. This administrative study was developed to test ANF standards for precommercial thinning for success in maintaining oak composition. An additional objective was to examine...

9 CFR 312.10 - Official mark for maintaining the identity and integrity of samples.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Official mark for maintaining the identity and integrity of samples. 312.10 Section 312.10 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND... § 312.10 Official mark for maintaining the identity and integrity of samples. The official mark for use...

9 CFR 381.112 - Official mark for maintaining the identity and integrity of samples.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Official mark for maintaining the identity and integrity of samples. 381.112 Section 381.112 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND... mark for maintaining the identity and integrity of samples. The official mark for use in sealing...

9 CFR 381.112 - Official mark for maintaining the identity and integrity of samples.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Official mark for maintaining the identity and integrity of samples. 381.112 Section 381.112 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND... mark for maintaining the identity and integrity of samples. The official mark for use in sealing...

9 CFR 312.10 - Official mark for maintaining the identity and integrity of samples.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Official mark for maintaining the identity and integrity of samples. 312.10 Section 312.10 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND... § 312.10 Official mark for maintaining the identity and integrity of samples. The official mark for use...

9 CFR 312.10 - Official mark for maintaining the identity and integrity of samples.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Official mark for maintaining the identity and integrity of samples. 312.10 Section 312.10 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND... § 312.10 Official mark for maintaining the identity and integrity of samples. The official mark for use...

9 CFR 381.112 - Official mark for maintaining the identity and integrity of samples.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Official mark for maintaining the identity and integrity of samples. 381.112 Section 381.112 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND... mark for maintaining the identity and integrity of samples. The official mark for use in sealing...

12 CFR 204.130 - Eligibility for NOW accounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... clarify the types of entities that may maintain NOW accounts at member banks. (b) Individuals. (1) Any individual may maintain a NOW account regardless of the purposes that the funds will serve. Thus, deposits of... under a trade name is eligible to maintain a NOW account in the individual's name or in the “DBA” name...

76 FR 5398 - Notice of Temporary Closure of Selected Public Lands in La Paz County, AZ

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-31

...-maintained roads and highways located on public lands that are located within 2 miles of the designated... east along Shea Road, then east into Osborne Wash on the Parker-Swansea Road to the Central Arizona...-maintained road, running northeast into Mineral Wash Canyon, then southeast on the county-maintained road...

27 CFR 31.163 - Requirements when a wholesale dealer in liquors maintains a retail department.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... wholesale dealer in liquors maintains a retail department. 31.163 Section 31.163 Alcohol, Tobacco Products... wholesale dealer in liquors maintains a retail department. (a) Constructive receipt and sale. When a... spirits, and the retail sales of distilled spirits normally represent 90 percent or more of the volume of...

27 CFR 31.163 - Requirements when a wholesale dealer in liquors maintains a retail department.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... wholesale dealer in liquors maintains a retail department. 31.163 Section 31.163 Alcohol, Tobacco Products... wholesale dealer in liquors maintains a retail department. (a) Constructive receipt and sale. When a... spirits, and the retail sales of distilled spirits normally represent 90 percent or more of the volume of...

27 CFR 31.163 - Requirements when a wholesale dealer in liquors maintains a retail department.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... wholesale dealer in liquors maintains a retail department. 31.163 Section 31.163 Alcohol, Tobacco Products... wholesale dealer in liquors maintains a retail department. (a) Constructive receipt and sale. When a... spirits, and the retail sales of distilled spirits normally represent 90 percent or more of the volume of...

27 CFR 31.163 - Requirements when a wholesale dealer in liquors maintains a retail department.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... wholesale dealer in liquors maintains a retail department. 31.163 Section 31.163 Alcohol, Tobacco Products... wholesale dealer in liquors maintains a retail department. (a) Constructive receipt and sale. When a... spirits, and the retail sales of distilled spirits normally represent 90 percent or more of the volume of...

27 CFR 31.163 - Requirements when a wholesale dealer in liquors maintains a retail department.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... wholesale dealer in liquors maintains a retail department. 31.163 Section 31.163 Alcohol, Tobacco Products... wholesale dealer in liquors maintains a retail department. (a) Constructive receipt and sale. When a... spirits, and the retail sales of distilled spirits normally represent 90 percent or more of the volume of...

42 CFR 137.175 - Is a Self-Governance Tribe required to maintain a recordkeeping system?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Is a Self-Governance Tribe required to maintain a... HUMAN SERVICES INDIAN HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES TRIBAL SELF-GOVERNANCE Operational Provisions Records § 137.175 Is a Self-Governance Tribe required to maintain a recordkeeping...

46 CFR 11.713 - Requirements for maintaining current knowledge of waters to be navigated.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Requirements for maintaining current knowledge of waters... § 11.713 Requirements for maintaining current knowledge of waters to be navigated. (a) If a first class... current knowledge of the route. Persons using this method of re-familiarization shall certify, when...

29 CFR 2520.104-27 - Alternative method of compliance for certain unfunded dues financed pension plans maintained by...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... financed pension plans maintained by employee organizations. 2520.104-27 Section 2520.104-27 Labor... Alternative method of compliance for certain unfunded dues financed pension plans maintained by employee organizations. (a) Scope. Under the authority of section 110 of the Act, a pension benefit plan that meets the...

78 FR 35635 - Ocean Transportation Intermediary License Revocations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-13

... Revoked: May 1, 2013. Reason: Failed to maintain a valid bond. License No.: 1621F. Name: Soo Hoo, Angela M...: May 1, 2013. Reason: Failed to maintain a valid bond. License No.: 003081N. Name: SMS Express Company...: April 28, 2013. Reason: Failed to maintain a valid bond. License No.: 15328N. Name: Apex World Transport...

49 CFR 40.111 - When and how must a laboratory disclose statistical summaries and other information it maintains?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... statistical summaries and other information it maintains? 40.111 Section 40.111 Transportation Office of the... Testing Laboratories § 40.111 When and how must a laboratory disclose statistical summaries and other information it maintains? (a) As a laboratory, you must transmit an aggregate statistical summary, by employer...

40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart Mmmmm of... - Operating Limits for New or Reconstructed Flame Lamination Affected Sources

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... . . . You must . . . 1. Scrubber a. Maintain the daily average scrubber inlet liquid flow rate above the minimum value established during the performance test. b. Maintain the daily average scrubber effluent pH... scrubber, maintain the daily average pressure drop across the venturi within the operating range value...

A Comparative Study of Biodegradation of Nickel and Chromium from Space Maintainers: An in vitro Study.

PubMed

Anand, Ashish; Sharma, Arun; Kumar, Piush; Sandhu, Meera; Sachdeva, Shobhit; Sachdev, Vinod

2015-01-01

The aim of the study was to compare and evaluate the in vitro biodegradation of nickel and chromium from space maintainers, made of three different companies, i.e (Dantaurum, Rocky mountain and Dtech) in artificial saliva. The study comprised of 30 space maintainers out of which 10 were fabricated using Dantaurum, 10 using Rocky mountain and 10 using Dtech band materials. Stainless steel wire (Dantaurum, Rocky mountain and Konark) was used for making loops and Leone solder and flux was used for soldering. Each group was further divided into four subgroups containing 1, 2, 3 and 4 space maintainers respectively. The space maintainers in each subgroup were placed in separate glass beakers containing 100 ml of artificial saliva at 37°C for 4 weeks. Salivary samples from each beaker was analyzed for nickel and chromium ions separately on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrophotometer. Total release of nickel and chromium from all band and loop space maintainers ranged from 0.020 to 1.524 ppm and 0.002 to 0.289 ppm respectively. The release of nickel and chromium between the groups and within the groups was not significant (p < 0.5). There was no substantial release of nickel and chromium from space maintainers made of Dantaurum, Rocky mountain and Dtech which could cause any toxicity. How to cite this article: Anand A, Sharma A, Kumar P, Sandhu M, Sachdeva S, Sachdev V. A Comparative Study of Biodegradation of Nickel and Chromium from Space Maintainers: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2015; 8(1):37-41.

Study design and protocol for a theory-based behavioral intervention focusing on maintenance of weight loss: the Maintenance After Initiation of Nutrition TrAINing (MAINTAIN) study.

PubMed

Voils, Corrine I; Gierisch, Jennifer M; Olsen, Maren K; Maciejewski, Matthew L; Grubber, Janet; McVay, Megan A; Strauss, Jennifer L; Bolton, Jamiyla; Gaillard, Leslie; Strawbridge, Elizabeth; Yancy, William S

2014-09-01

Obesity is a significant public health problem. Although various lifestyle approaches are effective for inducing significant weight loss, few effective behavioral weight maintenance strategies have been identified. It has been proposed that behavior maintenance is a distinct state that involves different psychological processes and behavioral skills than initial behavior change. Previously, we created a conceptual model that distinguishes behavior initiation from maintenance. This model was used to generate Maintenance After Initiation of Nutrition TrAINing (MAINTAIN), an intervention to enhance weight loss maintenance following initiation. The effectiveness of MAINTAIN is being evaluated in an ongoing trial, the rationale and procedures of which are reported herein. Veterans aged ≤ 75 with body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m(2) participate in a 16-week, group-based weight loss program. Participants who lose ≥ 4 kg by the end of 16 weeks (target n = 230) are randomized 1:1 to receive (a) usual care for 56 weeks or (b) MAINTAIN, a theoretically-informed weight loss maintenance intervention for 40 weeks, followed by 16 weeks of no intervention contact. MAINTAIN involves 3 in-person group visits that transition to 8 individualized telephone calls with decreasing contact frequency. MAINTAIN focuses on satisfaction with outcomes, weight self-monitoring, relapse prevention, and social support. We hypothesize that, compared to usual care, MAINTAIN will result in at least 3.5 kg less regain and better relative levels of caloric intake and physical activity over 56 weeks, and that it will be cost-effective. If effective, MAINTAIN could serve as a model for redesigning existing weight loss programs. NCT01357551. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Drug effects on multiple and concurrent schedules of ethanol- and food-maintained behaviour: context-dependent selectivity

PubMed Central

Ginsburg, B C; Lamb, R J

2014-01-01

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Drugs that more potently or effectively reduce ethanol-maintained behaviour versus an alternative are considered selective and are considered promising pharmacotherapies for alcoholism. Such results are often obtained using separate groups or multiple schedules where ethanol and the alternative are available alone or sequentially. Recently, we observed that when ethanol and food were available sequentially under a multiple schedule, fluvoxamine and varenicline were selective; yet this selectivity disappeared when ethanol and food were concurrently available. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We examined the generality of these findings by comparing doses of several drugs required to decrease ethanol- and food-maintained responding under a multiple schedule and under a concurrent schedule. Effects were determined for chlordiazepoxide, 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI), meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP), morphine, naltrexone and d-amphetamine. KEY RESULTS Under the multiple schedule, ED50 values for decreases in ethanol-maintained responding were significantly different and lower than ED50s for decreases in food-maintained responding (demonstrating selectivity) for each drug except for chlordiazepoxide (which was equipotent) and naltrexone (which did not affect responding). However, this selectivity vanished or even inverted under the concurrent schedule, such that ED50 values for decreasing ethanol- and food-maintained responding were not different (or, following DOI, the ED50 for food-maintained responding was lower than for ethanol-maintained responding). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Results are consistent with those seen following fluvoxamine and varenicline administration, and suggest that selectivity is assay-dependent. These results indicate the need for careful interpretation of selective drug effects, especially when obtained in situations where ethanol or the alternative is the only programmed reinforcement available. PMID:24697498

Drug effects on multiple and concurrent schedules of ethanol- and food-maintained behaviour: context-dependent selectivity.

PubMed

Ginsburg, B C; Lamb, R J

2014-07-01

Drugs that more potently or effectively reduce ethanol-maintained behaviour versus an alternative are considered selective and are considered promising pharmacotherapies for alcoholism. Such results are often obtained using separate groups or multiple schedules where ethanol and the alternative are available alone or sequentially. Recently, we observed that when ethanol and food were available sequentially under a multiple schedule, fluvoxamine and varenicline were selective; yet this selectivity disappeared when ethanol and food were concurrently available. We examined the generality of these findings by comparing doses of several drugs required to decrease ethanol- and food-maintained responding under a multiple schedule and under a concurrent schedule. Effects were determined for chlordiazepoxide, 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI), meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP), morphine, naltrexone and d-amphetamine. Under the multiple schedule, ED50 values for decreases in ethanol-maintained responding were significantly different and lower than ED50 s for decreases in food-maintained responding (demonstrating selectivity) for each drug except for chlordiazepoxide (which was equipotent) and naltrexone (which did not affect responding). However, this selectivity vanished or even inverted under the concurrent schedule, such that ED50 values for decreasing ethanol- and food-maintained responding were not different (or, following DOI, the ED50 for food-maintained responding was lower than for ethanol-maintained responding). Results are consistent with those seen following fluvoxamine and varenicline administration, and suggest that selectivity is assay-dependent. These results indicate the need for careful interpretation of selective drug effects, especially when obtained in situations where ethanol or the alternative is the only programmed reinforcement available. © 2014 The British Pharmacological Society.

Competing stimuli in the treatment of multiply controlled problem behavior during hygiene routines.

PubMed

Long, Ethan S; Hagopian, Louis P; Deleon, Iser G; Marhefka, Jean Marie; Resau, Dawn

2005-01-01

The current study describes the use of noncontingent competing stimuli in the treatment of problem behavior exhibited by three individuals during staff-assisted hygiene routines. Functional analyses revealed that particular topographies of problem behaviors appeared to be maintained by their own sensory consequences, whereas other topographies appeared to be maintained by escape from demands. Competing stimulus assessments were then conducted to identify items associated with low levels of automatically-maintained problem behavior and high levels of stimulus engagement. Stimuli associated with low levels of automatically-maintained problem behavior (competing stimuli) were then delivered noncontingently during staff-assisted hygiene routines that were problematic for each participant. In all three cases, substantial reductions in all problem behaviors were observed. These results are discussed in terms of the relative ease of this intervention and possible mechanisms underlying the effects of competing stimuli on behaviors maintained by different types of reinforcement.

Overcoming obstacles to behavior change in diabetes self-management.

PubMed

Hall, Rosemary F; Joseph, Dayle Hunt; Schwartz-Barcott, Donna

2003-01-01

This study describes how 5 individuals with type 2 diabetes overcame obstacles that interfered with maintaining behavior changes in diet, exercise, and self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). In-depth interviews provided the framework for this descriptive study. During audiotaped, face-to-face, follow-up structured and unstructured interviews, the participants shared their experiences about obstacles encountered and strategies used to overcome them. Each case was examined independently, and all cases were then compared with each other. Obstacles that interfered with maintaining a diet plan were hunger, planned and unplanned meal events, and the desire for new foods. Physical illness and unexpected life events were obstacles to maintaining an exercise and SMBG plan. Health professionals who assist patients who are beginning behavior change or having difficult maintaining changes need to have an understanding of the various obstacles and how patients can maintain behavior changes over time.

Defining Responsibility in Maintaining Financial Accounting Systems.

DTIC Science & Technology

1995-01-01

acquisition and issuance of materials, original cost , location, etc., KAR 2 (Property and Inventory Accounting )." (3:10) The final methodology used in...PROFESSIONAL MILITARY COMPTROLLER SCHOOL IDEA PAPER TITLE DEFINING RESPONSIBILITY IN MAINTAINING FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS AUTHOR . :.a EFANIE B...or the Department of the Air Force. DIC tiJ.[ In.,,- B . . . .. . PMCS IDEA PAPER TITLE: Defining Responsibility in Maintaining Financial Accounting

Pilot Judgment Training and Evaluation. Volume 3.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-06-01

Information Manual. 3-1 8. Flight computer . _ 9. Basic navigation: aeronautical charts (sectional and world 4- aeronautical charts); airspace... clouds , traffic, etc., when you needed to and still maintained the course. 4-13 I___________________ -- -I ~ =~- I- -- INSTRUCTOR LESSON PLAN PART I...maintain basic VFR. PART III Observable Behavior Sought: The student will make proper diversions from clouds to maintain basic VFR. PART IV Reinforcements

Encapsulation method for maintaining biodecontamination activity

DOEpatents

Rogers, Robert D.; Hamilton, Melinda A.; Nelson, Lee O.; Benson, Jennifer; Green, Martin J.; Milner, Timothy N.

2002-01-01

A method for maintaining the viability and subsequent activity of microorganisms utilized in a variety of environments to promote biodecontamination of surfaces. One application involves the decontamination of concrete surfaces. Encapsulation of microbial influenced degradation (MID) microorganisms has shown that MID activity is effectively maintained under passive conditions, that is, without manual addition of moisture or nutrients, for an extended period of time.

Encapsulation method for maintaining biodecontamination activity

DOEpatents

Rogers, Robert D.; Hamilton, Melinda A.; Nelson, Lee O.; Benson, Jennifer; Green, Martin J.; Milner, Timothy N.

2006-04-11

A method for maintaining the viability and subsequent activity of microorganisms utilized in a variety of environments to promote biodecontamination of surfaces. One application involves the decontamination of concrete surfaces. Encapsulation of microbial influenced degradation (MID) microorganisms has shown that MID activity is effectively maintained under passive conditions, that is, without manual addition of moisture or nutrients, for an extended period of time.

43 CFR 2.5 - Does DOI maintain an index of its reading room materials?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Does DOI maintain an index of its reading room materials? 2.5 Section 2.5 Public Lands: Interior Office of the Secretary of the Interior RECORDS... a FOIA Request § 2.5 Does DOI maintain an index of its reading room materials? Each bureau will...

47 CFR 32.103 - Balance sheet accounts for other than regulated-fixed assets to be maintained.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Balance sheet accounts for other than regulated... for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.103 Balance sheet accounts for other than regulated-fixed assets to be maintained. Balance sheet accounts to be maintained by Class A and Class B telephone companies for other than...

47 CFR 32.103 - Balance sheet accounts for other than regulated-fixed assets to be maintained.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Balance sheet accounts for other than regulated... for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.103 Balance sheet accounts for other than regulated-fixed assets to be maintained. Balance sheet accounts to be maintained by Class A and Class B telephone companies for other than...

14 CFR 119.47 - Maintaining a principal base of operations, main operations base, and main maintenance base...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Maintaining a principal base of operations, main operations base, and main maintenance base; change of address. 119.47 Section 119.47 Aeronautics... Under Part 121 or Part 135 of This Chapter § 119.47 Maintaining a principal base of operations, main...

14 CFR 119.47 - Maintaining a principal base of operations, main operations base, and main maintenance base...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Maintaining a principal base of operations, main operations base, and main maintenance base; change of address. 119.47 Section 119.47 Aeronautics... Under Part 121 or Part 135 of This Chapter § 119.47 Maintaining a principal base of operations, main...

14 CFR 119.47 - Maintaining a principal base of operations, main operations base, and main maintenance base...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Maintaining a principal base of operations, main operations base, and main maintenance base; change of address. 119.47 Section 119.47 Aeronautics... Under Part 121 or Part 135 of This Chapter § 119.47 Maintaining a principal base of operations, main...

14 CFR 119.47 - Maintaining a principal base of operations, main operations base, and main maintenance base...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Maintaining a principal base of operations, main operations base, and main maintenance base; change of address. 119.47 Section 119.47 Aeronautics... Under Part 121 or Part 135 of This Chapter § 119.47 Maintaining a principal base of operations, main...

77 FR 5990 - Special Conditions: Learjet Inc., Model LJ-200-1A10 Airplane, Pilot-Compartment View Through...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-07

... airflow to maintain a clear-vision area. The heavy rain and high speed conditions specified in the current... to maintain a sufficiently clear area of the windshield in low-speed flight or during surface... airflow disturbance or separation on the windshield could cause failure to maintain a clear-vision area on...

Dysmegakaryocytopoiesis and maintaining platelet count in patients with plasma cell neoplasm.

PubMed

Mair, Yasmin; Zheng, Yan; Cai, Donghong

2013-05-01

Dysmegakaryocytopoiesis in patients with the plasma cell neoplasm (PCN) is rarely discussed in the literature. The puzzling phenomenon, which PCN patients maintaining normal platelet count even when the marrow is mostly replaced by plasma cells, is hardly explored. This study was aimed to determine the frequency of dysmegakaryocytopoiesis in PCN and the relationships between bone marrow (BM) plasma cell percentage, plasma cell immunomarkers, the severity of dysmegakaryocytopoiesis, and peripheral blood platelet count in PCN. We randomly selected 16 cases of PCN, among which 4 were with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and 12 were with plasma cell myeloma. OUR STUDY SHOWED THAT: (1) Dysmegakaryocytopoiesis was present in all the selected cases of PCN and its severity was not correlated with the percentage of the plasma cells in BM; (2) almost all patients maintained normal platelet count even when BM was mostly replaced by plasma cells; (3) immunomarkers of the neoplastic plasma cells were not associated with dysmegakaryocytopoiesis or maintaining of platelet count. The possible mechanisms behind dysmegakaryocytopoiesis and maintaining of platelet count were also discussed. Despite the universal presence of dysmegakaryocytopoiesis in PCN, the platelet count is maintained at normal range.

The Experience of Young Women Living in a Prostitution Area in Maintaining Their Reproductive Health.

PubMed

Dovis, Vonyca; Setyowati; Kurniawati, Wiwit

Young women face a difficult situation when they live in a prostitution area or red light district. A phenomenological approach was applied to explore the experiences in maintaining reproductive health of 10 young women living in the prostitution area in Lampung, one of the provinces in Sumatra. Thematic content analysis found 7 themes including: (1) The participants' perception of prostitution as a place of naughty women and free sexual activity that can transmit STDs and influence adolescent psychology; (2) The ways the participants kept their reproductive organs healthy were through maintaining friendships, maintaining personal hygiene, avoiding free sexual activity, eating healthy food, and having routine medical checkups; (3) Information support was gained from family, health workers, media, and teachers; (4) Emotional support from family and friends; (5) Barriers to maintaining good health were inaccessible health facilities and an underfunded health service; (6) The needs of the participants were reproductive health services and clean environment; (7) The participants hoped for health education and intensive health services with friendly nurses. The results of this research illustrate that there is a need for socializing intensive ways to maintain reproductive health, especially in a risky environment.

Long-term effect of intensive lifestyle intervention on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with diabetes in real-world clinical practice: a 5-year longitudinal study

PubMed Central

Hamdy, Osama; Mottalib, Adham; Morsi, Amr; El-Sayed, Nuha; Goebel-Fabbri, Ann; Arathuzik, Gillian; Shahar, Jacqueline; Kirpitch, Amanda; Zrebiec, John

2017-01-01

Objective We evaluated long-term impact of sustained weight loss versus weight regain on cardiovascular risk factors in real-world clinical practice. Methods We evaluated 129 obese patients with diabetes enrolled in Weight Achievement and Intensive Treatment (Why WAIT) program, a 12-week clinical model of intensive lifestyle intervention. After 1 year, we divided participants into group A, who maintained <7% weight loss (47.3%) and group B (52.7%), who maintained ≥7% weight loss. We continued to follow them for a total of 5 years. Results The total cohort lost 23.8 lbs (−9.7%) at 12 weeks and maintained −16.2 lbs (−6.4%) at 5 years (p<0.001). Group A maintained −8.4 lbs (−3.5%) and group B maintained −23.1 lbs (−9.0%) at 5 years. In group A, A1C decreased from 7.5±1.3% to 6.7±0.9% at 12 weeks but increased to 7.7±1.4% at 1 year and 8.0±1.9% at 5 years. In group B, A1C decreased from 7.4±1.2% to 6.4±0.9% at 12 weeks and rose to 6.8±1.2% at 1 year and 7.3±1.5% at 5 years. Despite weight regain, group A maintained improvement in low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol with worsening of serum triglycerides and no change in blood pressure (BP). Group B maintained improvement in lipid profile for 5 years and had significantly lower BP for 18 months. Conclusions Weight reduction in patients with diabetes can be maintained for 5 years and is predicted by patients’ ability to maintain ≥7% weight loss at 1 year. A1C and triglycerides deteriorate with weight regain, while other lipid improvements are maintained. Sustained weight loss is associated with significantly lower A1C for 5 years and lowers BP for 18 months. Trial registration number NCT01937845. PMID:28090332

Maintaining dental records: Are we ready for forensic needs?

PubMed Central

Astekar, Madhusudan; Saawarn, Swati; Ramesh, Gayathri; Saawarn, Nisheeth

2011-01-01

Context: Dental remains are usually the last to get destroyed among body parts after death. They may be useful for personal identification in cases of mass disasters and decomposed unidentified bodies. Dental records may help in the identification of suspects in criminal investigations and in medicolegal cases. Maintenance of dental records is legally mandatory in most of the European and American countries. Unfortunately, the law is not very clear in India, and the awareness is very poor. Aims: To assess the awareness regarding the dental record maintenance among dentists in Rajasthan, to deduce the quality of average dental records kept by them and to evaluate the potential use of their maintained records, in any of forensic or medicolegal cases. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 100 dental practitioners of different cities in Rajasthan, India. Materials and Methods: Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, which was responded by the study population in the course of a telephonic interview. The questionnaire addressed on the mode of maintaining dental records in their regular practice. Statistical Analysis Used: The data so gathered were subjected for descriptive analysis. Results: As for knowledge or awareness about maintaining dental records, surprisingly a very low percentile (about 38%) of surveyed dentists maintained records. Sixty-two percent of the dentists were maintaining no records at all. Conclusion: Nonmaintenance or poor quality of records maintained indicates that the dentists in Rajasthan are not prepared for any kind of forensic and medicolegal need if it arises. PMID:22408320

Polygenic variation maintained by balancing selection: pleiotropy, sex-dependent allelic effects and G x E interactions.

PubMed Central

Turelli, Michael; Barton, N H

2004-01-01

We investigate three alternative selection-based scenarios proposed to maintain polygenic variation: pleiotropic balancing selection, G x E interactions (with spatial or temporal variation in allelic effects), and sex-dependent allelic effects. Each analysis assumes an additive polygenic trait with n diallelic loci under stabilizing selection. We allow loci to have different effects and consider equilibria at which the population mean departs from the stabilizing-selection optimum. Under weak selection, each model produces essentially identical, approximate allele-frequency dynamics. Variation is maintained under pleiotropic balancing selection only at loci for which the strength of balancing selection exceeds the effective strength of stabilizing selection. In addition, for all models, polymorphism requires that the population mean be close enough to the optimum that directional selection does not overwhelm balancing selection. This balance allows many simultaneously stable equilibria, and we explore their properties numerically. Both spatial and temporal G x E can maintain variation at loci for which the coefficient of variation (across environments) of the effect of a substitution exceeds a critical value greater than one. The critical value depends on the correlation between substitution effects at different loci. For large positive correlations (e.g., rho(ij)2>3/4), even extreme fluctuations in allelic effects cannot maintain variation. Surprisingly, this constraint on correlations implies that sex-dependent allelic effects cannot maintain polygenic variation. We present numerical results that support our analytical approximations and discuss our results in connection to relevant data and alternative variance-maintaining mechanisms. PMID:15020487

Maintainability Program Requirements for Space Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1987-01-01

This document is established to provide common general requirements for all NASA programs to: design maintainability into all systems where maintenance is a factor in system operation and mission success; and ensure that maintainability characteristics are developed through the systems engineering process. These requirements are not new. Design for ease of maintenance and minimization of repair time have always been fundamental requirements of the systems engineering process. However, new or reusable orbital manned and in-flight maintainable unmanned space systems demand special emphasis on maintainability, and this document has been prepared to meet that need. Maintainability requirements on many NASA programs differ in phasing and task emphasis from requirements promulgated by other Government agencies. This difference is due to the research and development nature of NASA programs where quantities produced are generally small; therefore, the depth of logistics support typical of many programs is generally not warranted. The cost of excessive maintenance is very high due to the logistics problems associated with the space environment. The ability to provide timely maintenance often involves safety considerations for manned space flight applications. This document represents a basic set of requirements that will achieve a design for maintenance. These requirements are directed primarily at manned and unmanned orbital space systems. To be effective, maintainability requirements should be tailored to meet specific NASA program and project needs and constraints. NASA activities shall invoke the requirements of this document consistent with program planning in procurements or on inhouse development efforts.

The Use of Self-Directed Relapse Prevention Booklets to Assist in Maintaining Abstinence after a 6-Week Group Smoking Cessation Treatment Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Veldheer, Susan; Hrabovsky, Shari; Yingst, Jessica; Sciamanna, Chris; Berg, Arthur; Foulds, Jonathan

2018-01-01

Background: Identifying effective relapse prevention interventions is a vital step to help smokers maintain abstinence for the long term. Aims: The purpose of this study is to determine if providing recently quit smokers with self-directed relapse prevention booklets is effective at maintaining abstinence after intensive group smoking cessation…

Women Who Maintain Families. Facts on Working Women No. 93-3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Women's Bureau (DOL), Washington, DC.

In 1992, 12 million families were maintained by women in the United States--a figure that more than doubled since 1970 when there were only 5.6 million such families. They accounted for 14.8 percent of all families in 1980 and 17.6 percent in 1992. Women maintained 3.5 million Black families in 1992; this represented nearly half of all Black…

25 CFR 115.701 - What types of accounts are maintained for Indian trust funds?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false What types of accounts are maintained for Indian trust funds? 115.701 Section 115.701 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES TRUST FUNDS FOR TRIBES AND INDIVIDUAL INDIANS Trust Fund Accounts: General Information § 115.701 What types of accounts are maintained for...

Designing Inter-Organisational Collectivities for Dynamic Fit: Stability, maneuvrability and Application in Disaster Relief Endeavours

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-01-01

changed consumer preferences . Hence, static stability limits initial performance deviation (e.g., maintaining desired airplane altitude, maintaining...by changed consumer preferences . Hence, dynamic stability limits the duration of performance deviation (e.g., maintaining desired airplane altitude...altitude from wind gust. Initial resistance to deviation in profit level from change in consumer preferences . Dynamic stability Quickness of a

What older adults find useful for maintaining healthy eating and exercise habits.

PubMed

Greaney, Mary L; Lees, Faith D; Greene, Geoffrey W; Clark, Phillip G

2004-01-01

Four focus groups were conducted with a total of 29 adults 60 years of age and older enrolled in the SENIOR Project, a health promotion intervention study designed to increase fruit and vegetable consumption and exercise among community-dwelling older adults. The focus groups explored the motivations of older adults to eat five or more servings of fruits and vegetables and/or exercise and the strategies used to adopt or maintain these behaviors. Participants stated that maintaining health, remaining independent, and fearing illness provided the motivation needed to adhere to these behaviors. The strategies or the behavioral processes used to adopt or maintain these behaviors included counterconditioning, helping relationships, stimulus control, and self-liberation.

New Design for an Adjustable Cise Space Maintainer

PubMed Central

2018-01-01

Objective The aim of this study is to present a new adjustable Cise space maintainer for preventive orthodontic applications. Methods Stainless steel based new design consists of six main components. In order to understand the major displacement and stress fields, structural analysis for the design is considered by using finite element method. Results Similar to major displacement at y-axis, critical stresses σx and τxy possess a linear distribution with constant increasing. Additionally, strain energy density (SED) plays an important role to determine critical biting load capacity. Conclusion Structural analysis shows that the space maintainer is stable and is used for maintaining and/or regaining the space which arouses early loss of molar tooth. PMID:29854764

Banded vs Bonded Space Maintainers: Finding Better Way Out.

PubMed

Setia, Vikas; Kumar Pandit, Inder; Srivastava, Nikhil; Gugnani, Neeraj; Gupta, Monika

2014-05-01

Of this in vivo study was to evaluate various space maintainers in terms of survival rate, gingival health and presence of caries. A total of 60 extraction sites in the age group of 4 to 9 years were divided into four groups and different space maintainers were placed in them viz (conventional band and loop, prefabricated band with custom made loop, Ribbond, Super splint). Prefabricated bands with custom made loop showed maximum success rates (84.6%), while super splint (33.33%) was found to be least successful. In terms of gingival health, prefabricated band with custom made loop reported minimum cases with poor gingival health (27.2%), while maximum cases with poor gingival health (50%) were reported with Super splint. None of the space maintainers developed caries at the end of 9 months. How to cite this article: Setia v, Pandit IK, Srivastava N, Gugnani N, Gupta M. Banded vs Bonded Space Maintainers: Finding Better Way Out. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2014;7(2):97-104.

The effects of presession manipulations on automatically maintained challenging behavior and task responding.

PubMed

Chung, Yi-Chieh; Cannella-Malone, Helen I

2010-11-01

This study examined the effects of presession exposure to attention, response blocking, attention with response blocking, and noninteraction conditions on subsequent engagement in automatically maintained challenging behavior and correct responding in four individuals with significant intellectual disabilities. Following a functional analysis, the effects of the four presession conditions were examined using multielement designs. Results varied across the 4 participants (e.g., presession noninteraction acted as an abolishing operation for 2 participants, but as an establishing operation for the other 2 participants). As such, both the results replicated and contradicted previous research examining the effects of motivating operations on automatically maintained challenging behavior. Although the results varied across participants, at least one condition resulting in a decrease in challenging behavior and an increase in correct responding were identified for each participant. These findings suggested that presession manipulations resulted in decreases in subsequent automatically maintained challenging behavior and simultaneous increases in correct responding might need to be individually identified when the maintaining contingencies cannot be identified.

Maintenance of antemortem dental records in private dental clinics: Knowledge, attitude, and practice among the practitioners of Mangalore and surrounding areas

PubMed Central

Wadhwani, Surbhi; Shetty, Pushparaja; Sreelatha, S. V.

2017-01-01

Introduction: With time, an increase in the number of crimes, mass disasters, and wars, has led to the identification of the deceased or assailant critical. In such circumstances, antemortem dental records play a crucial role. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey involved 95 dentists practicing in and around Mangalore. The structured questionnaire comprised 24 questions regarding the practice of maintenance of dental records. The questionnaire was given either personally or sent by post. The data obtained was subjected to descriptive analysis. Results: With 87% of the dentists maintaining records, only 31% of them recorded all the details required to be present in a dental record. Of these 18% of them maintained the records for >5 years. Conclusion: The results suggest that most of the practicing dentists in this area either do not maintain or maintain inadequate records, which is alarming. Thus, there is a need to set protocols to increase the awareness for maintaining good dental records. PMID:29263612

Women's work. Maintaining a healthy body weight.

PubMed

Welch, Nicky; Hunter, Wendy; Butera, Karina; Willis, Karen; Cleland, Verity; Crawford, David; Ball, Kylie

2009-08-01

This study describes women's perceptions of the supports and barriers to maintaining a healthy weight among currently healthy weight women from urban and rural socio-economically disadvantaged areas. Using focus groups and interviews, we asked women about their experiences of maintaining a healthy weight. Overwhelmingly, women described their healthy weight practices in terms of concepts related to work and management. The theme of 'managing health' comprised issues of managing multiple responsibilities, time, and emotions associated with healthy practices. Rural women faced particular difficulties in accessing supports at a practical level (for example, lack of childcare) and due to the gendered roles they enacted in caring for others. Family background (in particular, mothers' attitudes to food and weight) also appeared to influence perceptions about healthy weight maintenance. In the context of global increases in the prevalence of obesity, the value of initiatives aimed at supporting healthy weight women to maintain their weight should not be under-estimated. Such initiatives need to work within the social and personal constraints that women face in maintaining good health.

Banded vs Bonded Space Maintainers: Finding Better Way Out

PubMed Central

Kumar Pandit, Inder; Srivastava, Nikhil; Gugnani, Neeraj; Gupta, Monika

2014-01-01

ABSTRACT Objectives: Of this in vivo study was to evaluate various space maintainers in terms of survival rate, gingival health and presence of caries. Design: A total of 60 extraction sites in the age group of 4 to 9 years were divided into four groups and different space maintainers were placed in them viz (conventional band and loop, prefabricated band with custom made loop, Ribbond, Super splint). Results: Prefabricated bands with custom made loop showed maximum success rates (84.6%), while super splint (33.33%) was found to be least successful. In terms of gingival health, prefabricated band with custom made loop reported minimum cases with poor gingival health (27.2%), while maximum cases with poor gingival health (50%) were reported with Super splint. None of the space maintainers developed caries at the end of 9 months. How to cite this article: Setia v, Pandit IK, Srivastava N, Gugnani N, Gupta M. Banded vs Bonded Space Maintainers: Finding Better Way Out. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2014;7(2):97-104. PMID:25356008

Ranitidine is unable to maintain gastric pH levels above 4 in septic patients.

PubMed

Terzi Coelho, Cristina B; Dragosavac, Desanka; Coelho Neto, João S; Montes, Ciro G; Guerrazzi, Fábio; Andreollo, Nelson Adami

2009-12-01

The study aimed to evaluate whether ranitidine and pantoprazole are able to maintain gastric pH >or=4 in septic patients. Twenty intensive care unit patients from a university teaching hospital with sepsis were included in this study. Ten patients received ranitidine (50 mg as an intermittent bolus 3 times a day) and 10 received pantoprazole (40 mg as an intermittent bolus twice a day). Gastric pH was measured continuously for 48 hours. Endoscopy of the upper digestive tract, gastric biopsy, and investigation for Helicobacter pylori were carried out before and at the end of the study. pH values >or=4 were maintained for 46.27% +/- 38.21% and 81.57% +/- 19.65% of study time in the ranitidine and pantoprazole groups, respectively (P = .04). Intravenous ranitidine was unable to maintain gastric pH above 4 in septic patients. All cases in the ranitidine group in whom pH remained above 4 had gastric hypotrophy or atrophy. Pantoprazole successfully maintained pH levels above 4.

Moving beyond the illness: factors contributing to gaining and maintaining employment.

PubMed

Cunningham, K; Wolbert, R; Brockmeier, M B

2000-08-01

The work presented here, exploratory in nature, uses a comparative and qualitative approach to understand the factors associated with the ability of individuals with severe and persistent mental illness to successfully gain and maintain employment. Based on open-ended interviews with individuals in an Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) program, we compare the experiences of those who have been successful gaining and maintaining employment, with those who have been successful gaining but not maintaining work, and those who have been unsuccessful gaining employment. The three groups seemed to differ in three significant ways: (1) in the ways the individuals talked about their illness, (2) in the ways the individuals talked about work, and (3) in the strategies they described for coping with bad days. In each of these areas individuals' awareness of and attitude toward their illness was significant. The findings have clear implications for agencies working to help people with severe and persistent mental illness obtain and maintain employment.

Integrating reliability and maintainability into a concurrent engineering environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Phillips, Clifton B.; Peterson, Robert R.

1993-02-01

This paper describes the results of a reliability and maintainability study conducted at the University of California, San Diego and supported by private industry. Private industry thought the study was important and provided the university access to innovative tools under cooperative agreement. The current capability of reliability and maintainability tools and how they fit into the design process is investigated. The evolution of design methodologies leading up to today's capability is reviewed for ways to enhance the design process while keeping cost under control. A method for measuring the consequences of reliability and maintainability policy for design configurations in an electronic environment is provided. The interaction of selected modern computer tool sets is described for reliability, maintainability, operations, and other elements of the engineering design process. These tools provide a robust system evaluation capability that brings life cycle performance improvement information to engineers and their managers before systems are deployed, and allow them to monitor and track performance while it is in operation.

41 CFR 102-37.410 - What must a SASP do if a donee fails to maintain its eligibility status?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false What must a SASP do if a donee fails to maintain its eligibility status? 102-37.410 Section 102-37.410 Public Contracts and... SASP do if a donee fails to maintain its eligibility status? If you determine that a donee has failed...

41 CFR 102-37.410 - What must a SASP do if a donee fails to maintain its eligibility status?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false What must a SASP do if a donee fails to maintain its eligibility status? 102-37.410 Section 102-37.410 Public Contracts and... SASP do if a donee fails to maintain its eligibility status? If you determine that a donee has failed...

41 CFR 102-37.410 - What must a SASP do if a donee fails to maintain its eligibility status?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What must a SASP do if a donee fails to maintain its eligibility status? 102-37.410 Section 102-37.410 Public Contracts and... SASP do if a donee fails to maintain its eligibility status? If you determine that a donee has failed...

43 CFR 2.5 - Does DOI maintain an index of its reading room materials?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Does DOI maintain an index of its reading room materials? 2.5 Section 2.5 Public Lands: Interior Office of the Secretary of the Interior RECORDS AND TESTIMONY; FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT Information Routinely Available to the Public without Filing a FOIA Request § 2.5 Does DOI maintain an...

43 CFR 2.5 - Does DOI maintain an index of its reading room materials?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2012-10-01 2011-10-01 true Does DOI maintain an index of its reading room materials? 2.5 Section 2.5 Public Lands: Interior Office of the Secretary of the Interior RECORDS AND TESTIMONY; FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT Information Routinely Available to the Public without Filing a FOIA Request § 2.5 Does DOI maintain an...

Reprographics Career Ladder AFSC 703X0.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-02-01

paper by hand adjust stitchers pack printed materials manually wax drill bit ends VI. PRODUCTION CONTROL PERSONNEL CLUSTER (STG033, N=38). Comprising...work requests notify customer of completed work verify duplicating requests maintain job logs manually 16 Two jobs were identified within this...E146 MAINTAIN LOGS OF JOBS PROCESSED 47 E138 DISTRIBUTE COMPLETED PRODUCTS 47 N441 MAINTAIN JOB LOGS MANUALLY 43 E169 PROCESS INCOMING DISTRIBUTION 6.l

21 CFR 1.363 - What are the consequences of failing to establish or maintain records or make them available to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... or maintain records or make them available to FDA as required by this subpart? 1.363 Section 1.363... What are the consequences of failing to establish or maintain records or make them available to FDA as... or other information available to FDA as required by section 414 or 704(a) of the act and this...

21 CFR 1.363 - What are the consequences of failing to establish or maintain records or make them available to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... or maintain records or make them available to FDA as required by this subpart? 1.363 Section 1.363... What are the consequences of failing to establish or maintain records or make them available to FDA as... or other information available to FDA as required by section 414 or 704(a) of the act and this...

21 CFR 1.363 - What are the consequences of failing to establish or maintain records or make them available to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... or maintain records or make them available to FDA as required by this subpart? 1.363 Section 1.363... What are the consequences of failing to establish or maintain records or make them available to FDA as... or other information available to FDA as required by section 414 or 704(a) of the act and this...

21 CFR 1.363 - What are the consequences of failing to establish or maintain records or make them available to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... or maintain records or make them available to FDA as required by this subpart? 1.363 Section 1.363... What are the consequences of failing to establish or maintain records or make them available to FDA as... or other information available to FDA as required by section 414 or 704(a) of the act and this...

21 CFR 1.363 - What are the consequences of failing to establish or maintain records or make them available to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... or maintain records or make them available to FDA as required by this subpart? 1.363 Section 1.363... What are the consequences of failing to establish or maintain records or make them available to FDA as... or other information available to FDA as required by section 414 or 704(a) of the act and this...

Maintaining the feelings of others in working memory is associated with activation of the left anterior insula and left frontal-parietal control network

PubMed Central

Lane, Richard D.; Alkozei, Anna; Bao, Jennifer; Smith, Courtney; Sanova, Anna; Nettles, Matthew; Killgore, William D. S.

2017-01-01

Abstract The maintenance of social/emotional information in working memory (SWM/EWM) has recently been the topic of multiple neuroimaging studies. However, some studies find that SWM/EWM involves a medial frontal-parietal network while others instead find lateral frontal-parietal activations similar to studies of verbal and visuospatial WM. In this study, we asked 26 healthy volunteers to complete an EWM task designed to examine whether different cognitive strategies— maintaining emotional images, words, or feelings— might account for these discrepant results. We also examined whether differences in EWM performance were related to general intelligence (IQ), emotional intelligence (EI), and emotional awareness (EA). We found that maintaining emotional feelings, even when accounting for neural activation attributable to maintaining emotional images/words, still activated a left lateral frontal-parietal network (including the anterior insula and posterior dorsomedial frontal cortex). We also found that individual differences in the ability to maintain feelings were positively associated with IQ and EA, but not with EI. These results suggest that maintaining the feelings of others (at least when perceived exteroceptively) involves similar frontal-parietal control networks to exteroceptive WM, and that it is similarly linked to IQ, but that it also may be an important component of EA. PMID:28158779

Development and testing of fiber-reinforced composite space maintainers.

PubMed

Kulkarni, Gajanan; Lau, Domenic; Hafezi, Sara

2009-01-01

The purpose of this study was to develop a clinically acceptable, cheaper, and more expedient alternative to standard stainless steel band and loop space maintainers. Loops of fiber-reinforced composites were constructed using polyethylene fiber (Ribbond) and glass fiber (Sticktech). The loops were bonded on extracted third molars and tested for flexural strength before and after thermocycling and following repair of the appliances after initial stress failure. Bacterial colonization on the appliances was also compared. Conventional stainless steel band and loop space maintainers cemented with Ketac were controls. Ribbond samples demonstrated higher flexural strength than Sticktech and the control (P<.05). No differences were noted among the other samples and the control. The repaired Ribbond samples were statistically comparable in flexural strength to the initial samples. Thermocycling resulted in decreased flexural strength of both Ribbond and Sticktech (P<.05). Thermocycled Ribbond samples were comparable to the control, but a lower flexural strength was noted for Sticktech samples (P<.05). While all space maintainers allowed some bacterial adhesion, Sticktech showed higher Streptococcus mutans counts than Ribbond (P=.06). Ribbond space-maintainers are comparable to the stainless steel in terms of physical strength and biofilm formation. The fiber-reinforced composite space maintainers may be a clinically acceptable and expedient alternative to the conventional band-loop appliance.

"I've never been able to stay in a job": A qualitative study of Veterans' experiences of maintaining employment.

PubMed

Harrod, Molly; Miller, Erin M; Henry, Jennifer; Zivin, Kara

2017-01-01

Ensuring Veteran employment needs are met is a top priority for the Department of Veteran Affairs and the United States government. However, Veterans, especially those with mental health disorders, continue to encounter difficulties when employed. While many employment related programs offer numerous services aimed at helping Veterans gain employment, their ability to maintain long-term employment remains unknown. The objective of this study was to understand factors that affect the ability of Veterans with mental health disorders to maintain long-term employment. An exploratory, qualitative study design consisting of semi-structured interviews with 10 Veterans was performed. Inductive thematic analysis was performed to identify salient themes. We found that participants' symptoms manifested themselves within the workplace affecting their ability to maintain employment, participants felt as if they had been demoted from what they did in the military, and they felt unable to relate to civilian co-workers. Strategies that helped some transition into the civilian workforce were also identified. A better understanding of the difficulties some Veterans face when trying to maintain employment is needed. Our findings suggest that increasing awareness of existing programs and ensuring that services provide resources and skills that help Veterans maintain long-term employment is critical.

The economics of altruistic punishment and the maintenance of cooperation

PubMed Central

Egas, Martijn; Riedl, Arno

2008-01-01

Explaining the evolution and maintenance of cooperation among unrelated individuals is one of the fundamental problems in biology and the social sciences. Recent findings suggest that altruistic punishment is an important mechanism maintaining cooperation among humans. We experimentally explore the boundaries of altruistic punishment to maintain cooperation by varying both the cost and the impact of punishment, using an exceptionally extensive subject pool. Our results show that cooperation is only maintained if conditions for altruistic punishment are relatively favourable: low cost for the punisher and high impact on the punished. Our results indicate that punishment is strongly governed by its cost-to-impact ratio and that its effect on cooperation can be pinned down to one single variable: the threshold level of free-riding that goes unpunished. Additionally, actual pay-offs are the lowest when altruistic punishment maintains cooperation, because the pay-off destroyed through punishment exceeds the gains from increased cooperation. Our results are consistent with the interpretation that punishment decisions come from an amalgam of emotional response and cognitive cost–impact analysis and suggest that altruistic punishment alone can hardly maintain cooperation under multi-level natural selection. Uncovering the workings of altruistic punishment as has been done here is important because it helps predicting under which conditions altruistic punishment is expected to maintain cooperation. PMID:18198144

Dolphins can maintain vigilant behavior through echolocation for 15 days without interruption or cognitive impairment.

PubMed

Branstetter, Brian K; Finneran, James J; Fletcher, Elizabeth A; Weisman, Brian C; Ridgway, Sam H

2012-01-01

In dolphins, natural selection has developed unihemispheric sleep where alternating hemispheres of their brain stay awake. This allows dolphins to maintain consciousness in response to respiratory demands of the ocean. Unihemispheric sleep may also allow dolphins to maintain vigilant states over long periods of time. Because of the relatively poor visibility in the ocean, dolphins use echolocation to interrogate their environment. During echolocation, dolphin produce clicks and listen to returning echoes to determine the location and identity of objects. The extent to which individual dolphins are able to maintain continuous vigilance through this active sense is unknown. Here we show that dolphins may continuously echolocate and accurately report the presence of targets for at least 15 days without interruption. During a total of three sessions, each lasting five days, two dolphins maintained echolocation behaviors while successfully detecting and reporting targets. Overall performance was between 75 to 86% correct for one dolphin and 97 to 99% correct for a second dolphin. Both animals demonstrated diel patterns in echolocation behavior. A 15-day testing session with one dolphin resulted in near perfect performance with no significant decrement over time. Our results demonstrate that dolphins can continuously monitor their environment and maintain long-term vigilant behavior through echolocation.

Coating dental implant abutment screws with diamondlike carbon doped with diamond nanoparticles: the effect on maintaining torque after mechanical cycling.

PubMed

Lepesqueur, Laura Soares; de Figueiredo, Viviane Maria Gonçalves; Ferreira, Leandro Lameirão; Sobrinho, Argemiro Soares da Silva; Massi, Marcos; Bottino, Marco Antônio; Nogueira Junior, Lafayette

2015-01-01

To determine the effect of maintaining torque after mechanical cycling of abutment screws that are coated with diamondlike carbon and coated with diamondlike carbon doped with diamond nanoparticles, with external and internal hex connections. Sixty implants were divided into six groups according to the type of connection (external or internal hex) and the type of abutment screw (uncoated, coated with diamondlike carbon, and coated with diamondlike carbon doped with diamond nanoparticles). The implants were inserted into polyurethane resin and crowns of nickel chrome were cemented on the implants. The crowns had a hole for access to the screw. The initial torque and the torque after mechanical cycling were measured. The torque values maintained (in percentages) were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test, with a significance level of 5%. The largest torque value was maintained in uncoated screws with external hex connections, a finding that was statistically significant (P = .0001). No statistically significant differences were seen between the groups with and without coating in maintaining torque for screws with internal hex connections (P = .5476). After mechanical cycling, the diamondlike carbon with and without diamond doping on the abutment screws showed no improvement in maintaining torque in external and internal hex connections.

Safety, reliability, maintainability and quality provisions for the Space Shuttle program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

This publication establishes common safety, reliability, maintainability and quality provisions for the Space Shuttle Program. NASA Centers shall use this publication both as the basis for negotiating safety, reliability, maintainability and quality requirements with Shuttle Program contractors and as the guideline for conduct of program safety, reliability, maintainability and quality activities at the Centers. Centers shall assure that applicable provisions of the publication are imposed in lower tier contracts. Centers shall give due regard to other Space Shuttle Program planning in order to provide an integrated total Space Shuttle Program activity. In the implementation of safety, reliability, maintainability and quality activities, consideration shall be given to hardware complexity, supplier experience, state of hardware development, unit cost, and hardware use. The approach and methods for contractor implementation shall be described in the contractors safety, reliability, maintainability and quality plans. This publication incorporates provisions of NASA documents: NHB 1700.1 'NASA Safety Manual, Vol. 1'; NHB 5300.4(IA), 'Reliability Program Provisions for Aeronautical and Space System Contractors'; and NHB 5300.4(1B), 'Quality Program Provisions for Aeronautical and Space System Contractors'. It has been tailored from the above documents based on experience in other programs. It is intended that this publication be reviewed and revised, as appropriate, to reflect new experience and to assure continuing viability.

Meal consumption is ineffective at maintaining or correcting water balance in a desert lizard, Heloderma suspectum.

PubMed

Wright, Christian D; Jackson, Marin L; DeNardo, Dale F

2013-04-15

Many xeric organisms maintain water balance by relying on dietary and metabolic water rather than free water, even when free water may be available. For such organisms, hydric state may influence foraging decisions, since meal consumption is meeting both energy and water demands. To understand foraging decisions it is vital to understand the role of dietary water in maintaining water balance. We investigated whether meal consumption was sufficient to maintain water balance in captive Gila monsters (Heloderma suspectum) at varying levels of dehydration. Gila monsters could not maintain water balance over long time scales through meal consumption alone. Animals fed a single meal took no longer to dehydrate than controls when both groups were deprived of free water. Additionally, meal consumption imparts an acute short-term hydric cost regardless of hydration state. Meal consumption typically resulted in a significant elevation in osmolality at 6 h post-feeding, and plasma osmolality never fell below pre-feeding levels despite high water content (~70%) of meals. These results failed to support our hypothesis that dietary water is valuable to Gila monsters during seasonal drought. When considered in conjunction with previous research, these results demonstrate that Gila monsters, unlike many xeric species, are heavily reliant on seasonal rainfall and the resulting free-standing water to maintain water balance.

Cluster analysis of the national weight control registry to identify distinct subgroups maintaining successful weight loss.

PubMed

Ogden, Lorraine G; Stroebele, Nanette; Wyatt, Holly R; Catenacci, Victoria A; Peters, John C; Stuht, Jennifer; Wing, Rena R; Hill, James O

2012-10-01

The National Weight Control Registry (NWCR) is the largest ongoing study of individuals successful at maintaining weight loss; the registry enrolls individuals maintaining a weight loss of at least 13.6 kg (30 lb) for a minimum of 1 year. The current report uses multivariate latent class cluster analysis to identify unique clusters of individuals within the NWCR that have distinct experiences, strategies, and attitudes with respect to weight loss and weight loss maintenance. The cluster analysis considers weight and health history, weight control behaviors and strategies, effort and satisfaction with maintaining weight, and psychological and demographic characteristics. The analysis includes 2,228 participants enrolled between 1998 and 2002. Cluster 1 (50.5%) represents a weight-stable, healthy, exercise conscious group who are very satisfied with their current weight. Cluster 2 (26.9%) has continuously struggled with weight since childhood; they rely on the greatest number of resources and strategies to lose and maintain weight, and report higher levels of stress and depression. Cluster 3 (12.7%) represents a group successful at weight reduction on the first attempt; they were least likely to be overweight as children, are maintaining the longest duration of weight loss, and report the least difficulty maintaining weight. Cluster 4 (9.9%) represents a group less likely to use exercise to control weight; they tend to be older, eat fewer meals, and report more health problems. Further exploration of the unique characteristics of these clusters could be useful for tailoring future weight loss and weight maintenance programs to the specific characteristics of an individual.

Individual differences in the reinforcing and punishing effects of nicotine in rhesus monkeys.

PubMed

Koffarnus, Mikhail N; Winger, Gail

2015-07-01

The relatively weak reinforcing effects of nicotine in experimental studies have been attributed to possible aversive effects or the need to space nicotine administrations over time to expose reinforcing effects. This study was designed to determine if the response-maintaining effects of nicotine are increased when availability is spaced through time, and whether nicotine is an effective punisher of remifentanil-maintained responding. Compared to a cocaine reference dose, nicotine dose and timeout (TO) value were varied in eight rhesus monkeys responding for intravenous (i.v.) nicotine on varying fixed-ratio (FR) schedules of reinforcement.The aversive effects of nicotine were evaluated in four animals choosing between a standard dose of remifentanil alone or in combination with one of several doses of nicotine. In three of eight self-administration monkeys, 0.01 mg/kg/inj nicotine did not maintain responding at any FR value. In the other five animals, nicotine-maintained response rates increased with either FR or TO values to a certain point, and then slowed. Maximum nicotine-maintained response rates were much slower than those maintained by cocaine, and demand for nicotine was less than demand for cocaine. Nicotine was an effective punisher of remifentanil-maintained responding at doses ranging from 0.01 to 0.3 mg/kg/inj. Lower punishing dose seemed to be related to the absence of reinforcing effects within subject. There are an order of magnitude individual differences in sensitivity to both the reinforcing and punishing effects of nicotine, and this drug may be unique in being a weak positive reinforcer in small doses and aversive in large doses.

Both maintaining hope and preparing for death: effects of physicians' and nurses' behaviors from bereaved family members' perspectives.

PubMed

Shirado, Akemi; Morita, Tatsuya; Akazawa, Terukazu; Miyashita, Mitsunori; Sato, Kazuki; Tsuneto, Satoru; Shima, Yasuo

2013-05-01

Both maintaining hope and preparing for the patient's death are important for families of terminally ill cancer patients. The primary aim of this study was to clarify the level of the family's achievement of maintaining hope and preparing for death and the professional's behavior related to their evaluations. A cross-sectional, anonymous, nationwide survey was conducted involving 663 bereaved families of cancer patients who had been admitted to 100 palliative care units throughout Japan. A total of 454 family members returned the questionnaire (effective response rate, 68%). Overall, 73% of families reported that they could both maintain hope and prepare for the patient's death. The independent determinants of the family's agreement in reference to the professional's behavior are pacing the explanation with the family's preparation; coordinating patient and family discussions about priorities while the patient was in better condition; willingness to discuss alternative medicine; maximizing efforts to maintain the patient's physical strength (e.g., meals, rehabilitation); discussing specific, achievable goals; and not saying "I can no longer do anything for the patient." About 20% of family members reported that they could neither "maintain hope nor prepare for death." A recommended care strategy for medical professionals could include 1) discussing achievable goals and preparing for the future and pacing explanation with the family's preparation, 2) willingness to discuss alternative medicine, 3) maximizing efforts to maintain the patient's physical strength, and 4) avoid saying they could do nothing further for the patient. Copyright © 2013 U.S. Cancer Pain Relief Committee. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Maintaining vigorous activity attenuates 7-yr weight gain in 8340 runners.

PubMed

Williams, Paul T

2007-05-01

Body weight generally increases with aging in Western societies. Although training studies show that exercise produces acute weight loss, it is unclear whether the long-term maintenance of vigorous exercise attenuates the trajectory of age-related weight gain. Specifically, prior studies have not tested whether the maintenance of physical activity, in the absence of any change in activity, prevents weight gain. Prospective study of 6119 male and 2221 female runners whose running distances changed < 5 km x wk(-1) between baseline and follow-up surveys 7 yr later. On average, men who maintained modest (0-23 km x wk(-1)), intermediate (24-47 km x wk(-1)), or prolonged running distances (> or = 48 km x wk(-1)) all gained weight through age 64; however, those who maintained > or = 48 km x wk(-1) had one half the average annual weight gain of those who maintained < 24 km x wk(-1). For example, between the ages of 35 and 44 in men and 30 and 39 yr in women, those who maintained < 24 km x wk(-1) gained, on average, 2.1 and 2.9 kg more per decade than those averaging > 48 km x wk(-1). Age-related weight gain, and its attenuation by maintained exercise, were both greater in younger than in older men. Men's gains in waist circumference with age, and its attenuation by maintaining running, were the same in older and younger men. Regardless of age, women increased their body weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference over time, and these measurements were attenuated in proportion to their maintained running distance. In both sexes, running disproportionately prevented more extreme increases in weight. As they aged, men and women gained less weight in proportion to their levels of sustained vigorous activity. This long-term beneficial effect is in addition to the acute weight loss that occurs with increased activity.

Effects of Fixed and Removable Space Maintainers on Plaque Accumulation, Periodontal Health, Candidal and Enterococcus Faecalis Carriage.

PubMed

Arikan, Volkan; Kizilci, Esra; Ozalp, Nurhan; Ozcelik, Berrin

2015-01-01

To evaluate the effects of space maintainers on plaque accumulation, periodontal health and oral microflora. The study participants comprised 38 patients aged 4-10 years requiring either fixed or removable space maintainers. Plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing index, candidal colonization and Enterococcus faecalis were recorded just before the application of space maintainers (T0) and during treatment at the 1st (T1), 3rd (T2) and 6th (T3) month. The gingival and bleeding on probing index scores increased significantly (gingival index from 0.20 ± 0254 to 0.54 ± 0417 and bleeding on probing index from 7.18 ± 9.946 to 18.07 ± 14.074) in the regions with fixed space maintainers at T3 (p < 0.01). The mean Candida counts also increased (for removable appliances from 1.90 ± 3.638 to 1.98 ± 3.318, p < 0.05, and for fixed appliances from 4.25 ± 4.587 to 4.52 ± 4.431, p < 0.001). The salivary E. faecalis counts at T3 also increased significantly with the use of fixed and removable appliances (for removable appliances from 5.93 ± 2.65 to 85.53 ± 34.1 and for fixed appliances from 4.95 ± 2.94 to 123.59 ± 29.51, p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between the plaque (r = 0.67), gingival (r = 0.76) and bleeding on probing index scores (r = 0.76) and the candidal colonization for the fixed space maintainers (p < 0.01, p < 0.001). In this study, both fixed and removable space maintainers led to an increase in the number of microorganisms in the oral cavity as well as to increases in the periodontal index scores. Patients should be informed that space maintainers may serve as a source of infection and that special attention must be given to their oral hygiene. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Relative potency of varenicline or fluvoxamine to reduce responding for ethanol versus food depends on the presence or absence of concurrently earned food.

PubMed

Ginsburg, Brett C; Lamb, Richard J

2014-03-01

Varenicline, a nicotinic partial agonist, selectively reduces ethanol (EtOH)- versus sucrose-maintained behavior when tested in separate groups, yet like the indirect agonist fluvoxamine, this selectively inverts when EtOH and food are concurrently available. Here, we extend these findings by examining varenicline and fluvoxamine effects under a multiple concurrent schedule where food and EtOH are concurrently available in different components: Component 1 where the food fixed-ratio was 25 and Component 2 where the food fixed-ratio was 75. The EtOH fixed-ratio was always 5. Food-maintained responding predominated in Component 1, while EtOH-maintained responding predominated in Component 2. In a second experiment, varenicline effects were assessed under a multiple schedule where food, then EtOH, then again food were available in separate 5-minute components with fixed-ratios of 5 for each reinforcement. In the multiple concurrent schedule, varenicline was more potent at reducing food- versus EtOH-maintained responding in both components and reduced EtOH-maintained responding more potently during Component 1 (when food was almost never earned) than in Component 2 (where food was often earned). Fluvoxamine was similarly potent at reducing food- and EtOH-maintained responding. Under the multiple schedule, varenicline, like fluvoxamine, more potently decreases EtOH- versus food maintained responding when only food or EtOH is available in separate components. These results demonstrate that selective effects on drug- versus alternative-maintained behavior depend on the schedule arrangement, and assays in which EtOH or an alternative is the only programmed reinforcement may overestimate the selectivity of treatments to decrease EtOH self-administration. Thus selective effects obtained under one assay may not generalize to another. Better understanding the behavioral mechanisms responsible for these results may help to guide pharmaco-therapeutic development for substance use disorders.

Proposal for a Comparison of Reliability and Maintainability Activities Across ESA, JAXA, and NASA

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Evans, John; Groen, Frank

2015-01-01

NASA has developed an objectives based hierarchy for guiding Reliability and Maintainability activities. This presentation overviews the hierarchy and proposes to the international trilateral partners to formulate a task force to consider the elements of the NASA RM framework, as captured in the hierarchy of RM considerations, to identify commonalities and differences in the way reliability and maintainability is addressed by the flight projects among the partners.

Designing a Maintainable and Sustainable Coast Guard Icebreaker for Arctic and Antarctic Operations

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-03-21

03-2014 Technical June 2013-August 2013 Designing a Maintainable and Sustainable Coast Guard Icebreaker for Arctic and Antarctic Operations...of Engineering Designing a Maintainable and Sustainable Coast Guard Icebreaker for Arctic and Antarctic Operations Abstract The U.S. Coast Guard is...Pollution (MARPOL) of which Annex V prohibits the discharge of solid waste other than food refuge less than 25mm in diameter into the Antarctic Region [6

Maintaining molten salt electrolyte concentration in aluminum-producing electrolytic cell

DOEpatents

Barnett, Robert J.; Mezner, Michael B.; Bradford, Donald R

2005-01-04

A method of maintaining molten salt concentration in a low temperature electrolytic cell used for production of aluminum from alumina dissolved in a molten salt electrolyte contained in a cell free of frozen crust wherein volatile material is vented from the cell and contacted and captured on alumina being added to the cell. The captured volatile material is returned with alumina to cell to maintain the concentration of the molten salt.

25 CFR 243.12 - Are Alaska reindeer trust assets maintained by the U.S. Government for the benefit of Alaska...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Are Alaska reindeer trust assets maintained by the U.S. Government for the benefit of Alaska Natives? 243.12 Section 243.12 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FISH AND WILDLIFE REINDEER IN ALASKA § 243.12 Are Alaska reindeer trust assets maintained by the U.S. Government for the...

Maintaining Small Business Support in Times of Increased Army National Guard Utilization An Impending Crisis

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-02-13

business clientele, additional costs to hire a manager or replacement workers, complete loss of family income, and in extreme situations, bankruptcy, are...USAWC STRATEGY RESEARCH PROJECT MAINTAINING SMALL BUSINESS SUPPORT IN TIMES OF INCREASED ARMY NATIONAL GUARD UTILIZATION: AN IMPENDING CRISIS by...00-00-2005 to 00-00-2006 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Maintaining Small Business Support in Times of Increased Army National Guard Utilization An

Reliability and Maintainability model (RAM) user and maintenance manual. Part 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ebeling, Charles E.

1995-01-01

This report documents the procedures for utilizing and maintaining the Reliability and Maintainability Model (RAM) developed by the University of Dayton for the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC). The RAM model predicts reliability and maintainability (R&M) parameters for conceptual space vehicles using parametric relationships between vehicle design and performance characteristics and subsystem mean time between maintenance actions (MTBM) and manhours per maintenance action (MH/MA). These parametric relationships were developed using aircraft R&M data from over thirty different military aircraft of all types. This report describes the general methodology used within the model, the execution and computational sequence, the input screens and data, the output displays and reports, and study analyses and procedures. A source listing is provided.

7 CFR 1430.508 - Maintaining records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS DAIRY PRODUCTS Dairy Market Loss Assistance Program § 1430.508 Maintaining records. Dairy operations making application for benefits under this...

7 CFR 1430.508 - Maintaining records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS DAIRY PRODUCTS Dairy Market Loss Assistance Program § 1430.508 Maintaining records. Dairy operations making application for benefits under this...

7 CFR 1430.508 - Maintaining records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS DAIRY PRODUCTS Dairy Market Loss Assistance Program § 1430.508 Maintaining records. Dairy operations making application for benefits under this...

7 CFR 1430.508 - Maintaining records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS DAIRY PRODUCTS Dairy Market Loss Assistance Program § 1430.508 Maintaining records. Dairy operations making application for benefits under this...

7 CFR 1430.508 - Maintaining records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS DAIRY PRODUCTS Dairy Market Loss Assistance Program § 1430.508 Maintaining records. Dairy operations making application for benefits under this...

12 CFR 741.222 - Credit union service organizations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... credit union service organizations (CUSOs) and the requirement to maintain separate corporate identities... union service organizations (CUSOs), the requirement to maintain separate corporate identities, and...

42 CFR 493.1425 - Standard; Testing personnel responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... education, training or experience, and technical abilities. (b) Each individual performing moderate... analyses, reporting and maintaining records of patient test results; (2) Maintain records that demonstrate...

42 CFR 493.1425 - Standard; Testing personnel responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... education, training or experience, and technical abilities. (b) Each individual performing moderate... analyses, reporting and maintaining records of patient test results; (2) Maintain records that demonstrate...

42 CFR 493.1425 - Standard; Testing personnel responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... education, training or experience, and technical abilities. (b) Each individual performing moderate... analyses, reporting and maintaining records of patient test results; (2) Maintain records that demonstrate...

Study of the effectiveness of propolis extract as a storage medium for avulsed teeth.

PubMed

Casaroto, Ana Regina; Hidalgo, Mirian Marubayashi; Sell, Ana Maria; Franco, Selma Lucy; Cuman, Roberto Kenji Nakamura; Moreschi, Eduardo; Victorino, Fausto Rodrigo; Steffens, Vânia Antunes; Bersani-Amado, Ciomar Aparecida

2010-08-01

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of propolis extract in maintaining the viability of human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells, and to radiographically analyze tooth replantation and the adjacent periodontium in dogs after storage in this extract. Human PDL cells were incubated with the experimental media propolis, milk, saliva, Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), and Dulbecco's modified Eagles medium (DMEM, positive controls), and distilled water (negative control). Cell viability was determined 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h later by colorimetric MTT assay. Thirty incisors from dogs were divided into two storage time blocks (1 and 3 h) and were maintained in the experimental media. HBSS served as a positive control, and dry teeth (on gauze) as a negative control. The replanted teeth were radiographed once per month for 6 months. The radiographic images were standardized by the shortening/lengthening factor, and were both qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The in vitro results showed that the efficacy of propolis in maintaining functional viability of PDL cells was similar to that of milk. Propolis and milk were significantly better than controls from the 6-h time period. The in vivo results showed that teeth maintained in propolis medium exhibited replacement resorption with significant reduction in tooth length, similar to teeth maintained in saliva and dried teeth. This resorption was less intense with the 3-h storage time than the 1-h storage time. Conditions close to normal were found in teeth maintained in milk, similar to the HBSS control. Therefore, although propolis was effective in maintaining the viability of human PDL cells, resorption of the tooth replantation in dogs occurred under these experimental conditions.

Role of right posterior parietal cortex in maintaining attention to spatial locations over time

PubMed Central

Coulthard, Elizabeth J.; Husain, Masud

2009-01-01

Recent models of human posterior parietal cortex (PPC) have variously emphasized its role in spatial perception, visuomotor control or directing attention. However, neuroimaging and lesion studies also suggest that the right PPC might play a special role in maintaining an alert state. Previously, assessments of right-hemisphere patients with hemispatial neglect have revealed significant overall deficits on vigilance tasks, but to date there has been no demonstration of a deterioration of performance over time—a vigilance decrement—considered by some to be a key index of a deficit in maintaining attention. Moreover, sustained attention deficits in neglect have not specifically been related to PPC lesions, and it remains unclear whether they interact with spatial impairments in this syndrome. Here we examined the ability of right-hemisphere patients with neglect to maintain attention, comparing them to stroke controls and healthy individuals. We found evidence of an overall deficit in sustaining attention associated with PPC lesions, even for a simple detection task with stimuli presented centrally. In a second experiment, we demonstrated a vigilance decrement in neglect patients specifically only when they were required to maintain attention to spatial locations, but not verbal material. Lesioned voxels in the right PPC spanning a region between the intraparietal sulcus and inferior parietal lobe were significantly associated with this deficit. Finally, we compared performance on a task that required attention to be maintained either to visual patterns or spatial locations, matched for task difficulty. Again, we found a vigilance decrement but only when attention had to be maintained on spatial information. We conclude that sustaining attention to spatial locations is a critical function of the human right PPC which needs to be incorporated into models of normal parietal function as well as those of the clinical syndrome of hemispatial neglect. PMID:19158107

The business case: collaborating to help employees maintain their mental well-being.

PubMed

Sairanen, Sari; Matzanke, Deanna; Smeall, Doug

2011-01-01

There has been a change in the mindset of businesses in recent years. Companies are starting to realize that proactively helping their employees to maintain mental health is beneficial, both for their workers and their business. In this article, we present three different but complementary views - those of an advocate, an employer and a provider - on helping employees maintain mental, and physical, health. In the first section, Sari Sairanen outlines programs and services to manage stress and maintain mental health that have been developed by the Canadian Auto Workers' union and implemented in partnership with employers, wellness providers, service agencies and other community partners. The union focuses on raising awareness and providing education, as well as removing the stigma associated with mental illness. Deanna Matzanke, in her section, discusses the commitment of a company, Scotiabank, to create and maintain an inclusive and accessible workplace for all its employees. It has recently worked with providers to develop and implement integrated services dealing specifically with mental health illness and addiction, which aid not only its current employees but also possible future employees. Finally, Doug Smeall shares his observations as an insurer at Sun Life Financial, who has seen the rates of both short-term and long-term disabilities increase. He elaborates on the collaborative work between insurers and employers to help employees maintain their mental health, and to return to work sooner when issues do occur. Ultimately, this article argues that unions, employers and insurers can work together with partners and employees to promote and maintain employee health because, as Sairanen asserts, "preventing a problem in the first place is the best strategy." Copyright © 2011 Longwoods Publishing.

Electronic Reliability Design Handbook. Volume 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-10-12

greater use of proven designs , more design attention to non -random failures, design sim- plicity, improved quality control , more effective development and...RELIABILITY ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDELINES 7-1 7.1 INTRODUCTION 7-1 7.2 PART SELECTION AND CONTROL 7-1 7.3 DERATING 7-4 7.3.1 DERATING OF MECHANICAL STRUCTURAL...11-58 11.3.1 INTRODUCTION 11-58 11.3.2 MAINTAINABILITY DESIGN ATTRIBUTES 11-59 11.3.3 MAINTAINABILITY CONTROL PARAMETERS 11-59 11.3.4 MAINTAINABILITY

Effects of red, far-red and blue light in maintaining growth in latitudinal populations of Norway spruce (Picea abies).

PubMed

Mølmann, Jørgen Alexander; Junttila, Olavi; Johnsen, Oystein; Olsen, Jorunn Elisabeth

2006-02-01

Seedlings of trees with a free growth pattern cease growth when night-lengths become shorter than a critical value, and this critical night-length (CNL) decreases with increasing latitude of origin. In northern populations, the light quality also appears to play an important role and a clinal variation in requirement for far-red (FR) light has been documented. In this study we dissected the light quality requirements for maintaining growth in different latitudinal populations of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) using light emitting diodes for red (R), FR and blue (B) light, as 12 h day extension to provide 24 h photoperiod. At equal spectral photon flux, FR light was more effective than R light in maintaining growth, and the requirement of both R and FR increased with northern latitude of origin. One-to-one mixtures of R and FR light were more effective in maintaining growth than either FR or R light alone, indicating a possible interaction between R and FR light maintaining growth. Using the blue light as day extension could not prevent growth cessation in any of the populations, but delayed the bud set slightly in all populations. Our results suggest that phytochrome(s) are the primary photoreceptors in high irradiance responses maintaining growth in Norway spruce seedlings.

Decision making and effort in the self-regulation of hypertension: testing two competing theories.

PubMed

Taylor, Stephanie D; Bagozzi, Richard P; Gaither, Caroline A

2005-11-01

We compare the ability of two social psychological models to explain self-regulation decisions to control hypertension by 208 patients at a hospital clinic: the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and the model of goal-directed behaviour (MGB). The sample was drawn from patients at a large research hospital in North America. The findings show that the MGB not only explains significantly more variance in decision making than the TPB, but it provides an account for how reasons for acting become integrated and transformed into intentions to act, which the TPB does not address. The MGB does this in part by introducing the variable, desire, as an essential mediator between reasons for acting and intentions. The MGB also incorporates the effects of anticipated emotions on decision making, which are forms of forward-looking counterfactual thinking with respect to goals. In addition, the present study reconceptualized instrumental behaviour to encompass how hard one tries to act in the senses of (1) devoting time to planning with respect to reducing/maintaining blood pressure, (2) expending mental/physical energy to reduce/maintain blood pressure, (3) maintaining will power to reduce/maintain blood pressure, and (4) sustaining self-discipline (e.g. in overcoming obstacles) to reduce/maintain blood pressure. Key differences, as well as commonalities, in decision making are pointed-out between men and women and between people whose goal is to reduce versus maintain blood pressure.

Initiating and maintaining recreational walking: a longitudinal study on the influence of neighborhood green space.

PubMed

Sugiyama, Takemi; Giles-Corti, Billie; Summers, Jacqui; du Toit, Lorinne; Leslie, Eva; Owen, Neville

2013-09-01

This study examined prospective relationships of green space attributes with adults initiating or maintaining recreational walking. Postal surveys were completed by 1036 adults living in Adelaide, Australia, at baseline (two time points in 2003-04) and follow-up (2007-08). Initiating or maintaining recreational walking was determined using self-reported walking frequency. Green space attributes examined were perceived presence, quality, proximity, and the objectively measured area (total and largest) and number of green spaces within a 1.6 km buffer drawn from the center of each study neighborhood. Multilevel regression analyses examined the odds of initiating or maintaining walking separately for each green space attribute. At baseline, participants were categorized into non-regular (n = 395), regular (n = 286), and irregular walkers (n = 313). Among non-regular walkers, 30% had initiated walking, while 70% of regular walkers had maintained walking at follow-up. No green space attributes were associated with initiating walking. However, positive perceptions of the presence of and proximity to green spaces and the total and largest areas of green space were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of walking maintenance over four years. Neighborhood green spaces may not assist adults to initiate walking, but their presence and proximity may facilitate them to maintain recreational walking over time. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Ogura-CMS in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) causes delayed expression of many nuclear genes.

PubMed

Dong, Xiangshu; Kim, Wan Kyu; Lim, Yong-Pyo; Kim, Yeon-Ki; Hur, Yoonkang

2013-02-01

We investigated the mechanism regulating cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis using floral bud transcriptome analyses of Ogura-CMS Chinese cabbage and its maintainer line in B. rapa 300-K oligomeric probe (Br300K) microarrays. Ogura-CMS Chinese cabbage produced few and infertile pollen grains on indehiscent anthers. Compared to the maintainer line, CMS plants had shorter filaments and plant growth, and delayed flowering and pollen development. In microarray analysis, 4646 genes showed different expression, depending on floral bud size, between Ogura-CMS and its maintainer line. We found 108 and 62 genes specifically expressed in Ogura-CMS and its maintainer line, respectively. Ogura-CMS line-specific genes included stress-related, redox-related, and B. rapa novel genes. In the maintainer line, genes related to pollen coat and germination were specifically expressed in floral buds longer than 3mm, suggesting insufficient expression of these genes in Ogura-CMS is directly related to dysfunctional pollen. In addition, many nuclear genes associated with auxin response, ATP synthesis, pollen development and stress response had delayed expression in Ogura-CMS plants compared to the maintainer line, which is consistent with the delay in growth and development of Ogura-CMS plants. Delayed expression may reduce pollen grain production and/or cause sterility, implying that mitochondrial, retrograde signaling delays nuclear gene expression. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

46 CFR 197.320 - Diving ladder and stage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... corrosion-resistant material; or (ii) Protected against and maintained free from injurious corrosion. (b... corrosion-resistant material; or (ii) Protected against and maintained free from injurious corrosion. ...

46 CFR 197.320 - Diving ladder and stage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... corrosion-resistant material; or (ii) Protected against and maintained free from injurious corrosion. (b... corrosion-resistant material; or (ii) Protected against and maintained free from injurious corrosion. ...

46 CFR 197.320 - Diving ladder and stage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... corrosion-resistant material; or (ii) Protected against and maintained free from injurious corrosion. (b... corrosion-resistant material; or (ii) Protected against and maintained free from injurious corrosion. ...

46 CFR 197.320 - Diving ladder and stage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... corrosion-resistant material; or (ii) Protected against and maintained free from injurious corrosion. (b... corrosion-resistant material; or (ii) Protected against and maintained free from injurious corrosion. ...

46 CFR 197.320 - Diving ladder and stage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... corrosion-resistant material; or (ii) Protected against and maintained free from injurious corrosion. (b... corrosion-resistant material; or (ii) Protected against and maintained free from injurious corrosion. ...

Configuration maintaining control of three-body ring tethered system based on thrust compensation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Panfeng; Liu, Binbin; Zhang, Fan

2016-06-01

Space multi-tethered systems have shown broad prospects in remote observation missions. This paper mainly focuses on the dynamics and configuration maintaining control of space spinning three-body ring tethered system for such mission. Firstly, we establish the spinning dynamic model of the three-body ring tethered system considering the elasticity of the tether using Newton-Euler method, and then validate the suitability of this model by numerical simulation. Subsequently, LP (Likins-Pringle) initial equilibrium conditions for the tethered system are derived based on rigid body's equilibrium theory. Simulation results show that tether slack, snapping and interaction between the tethers exist in the three-body ring system, and its' configuration can not be maintained without control. Finally, a control strategy based on thrust compensation, namely thrust to simulate tether compression under LP initial equilibrium conditions is designed to solve the configuration maintaining control problem. Control effects are verified by numerical simulation compared with uncontrolled situation. Simulation results show that the configuration of the three-body ring tethered system could maintain under this active control strategy.

Nondisclosure Agreements | NREL

Science.gov Websites

the agreement. 5. Share Information and Maintain Records Once the nondisclosure agreement has been executed, appropriately labeled information may be shared. NREL and the other party then maintain records

Large scale database scrubbing using object oriented software components.

PubMed

Herting, R L; Barnes, M R

1998-01-01

Now that case managers, quality improvement teams, and researchers use medical databases extensively, the ability to share and disseminate such databases while maintaining patient confidentiality is paramount. A process called scrubbing addresses this problem by removing personally identifying information while keeping the integrity of the medical information intact. Scrubbing entire databases, containing multiple tables, requires that the implicit relationships between data elements in different tables of the database be maintained. To address this issue we developed DBScrub, a Java program that interfaces with any JDBC compliant database and scrubs the database while maintaining the implicit relationships within it. DBScrub uses a small number of highly configurable object-oriented software components to carry out the scrubbing. We describe the structure of these software components and how they maintain the implicit relationships within the database.

78 FR 16477 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-15

... on transfer of the individual. Public award cases: Exercising approval, authority maintain records.... Special achievement awards: Exercising awarding authority, maintain records for 5 years then destroy; Non...

7 CFR 57.200 - Records and related requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., or holding such articles so received, and all egg handlers, including hatcheries, shall maintain for... maintain production records as approved by the Administrator. The records (bills of sale, inventories...

Types of OI

MedlinePlus

... is also important to address difficulties with social integration, participation in leisure activities, and maintaining stamina. The ... is also important to address difficulties with social integration, participation in leisure activities, and maintaining stamina. The ...

PTM Along Track Algorithm to Maintain Spacing During Same Direction Pair-Wise Trajectory Management Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Carreno, Victor A.

2015-01-01

Pair-wise Trajectory Management (PTM) is a cockpit based delegated responsibility separation standard. When an air traffic service provider gives a PTM clearance to an aircraft and the flight crew accepts the clearance, the flight crew will maintain spacing and separation from a designated aircraft. A PTM along track algorithm will receive state information from the designated aircraft and from the own ship to produce speed guidance for the flight crew to maintain spacing and separation

The R and M 2000 Process and Reliability and Maintainability Management: Attitudes of Senior Level Managers in Aeronautical Systems Division

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-09-01

I .. I . . .. . - - AFIT/GLM/LSM/88S-59 THE R& M 2000 PROCESS AND RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY...respondents provided verbal responses to this question. Although one-half of these responses spoke 65 k - ’ ’ ’ i l l I l l i favorably of R& M 2000 , there were...GROUP SUB-GROUP Attitudes, Reliability, Maintainability, R& M , R&" 2000 , 05 01 I Aeronautical Systems Division, ASD 19. ABSTRACT (Continue on

Automatic control of human thermal comfort with a liquid-cooled garment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kuznetz, L. H.

1977-01-01

Water cooling in a liquid-cooled garment is used to maintain the thermal comfort of crewmembers during extravehicular activity. The feasibility of a simple control that will operate automatically to maintain the thermal comfort is established. Data on three test subjects are included to support the conclusion that heat balance can be maintained well within allowable medical limits. The controller concept was also successfully demonstrated for ground-based applications and shows potential for any tasks involving the use of liquid-cooled garments.

Optimal Server Scheduling to Maintain Constant Customer Waiting Times

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-12-01

I I• I I I I I LCn CN OPTIMAL SERVER SCHEDUUNG TO MAINTAIN CONSTANT CUSTOMER WAITING TIMES THESIS Thomas J. Frey Captain UISAF AFIT/GOR/ENS/88D-7...hw bees appsewlf in ple rtan. cd = , ’ S 087 AFIT/GORMENS/8D-7 OPTIMAL SERVER SCHEDUUNG TO MAINTAIN~ CONSTANT CUSTOMER WAITING TIMES THESIS Thomas j...CONSTANT CUSTOMER WAITING TIMES THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the School of Engineering of the Air Force Institute of Technology Air University In

32 CFR 236.5 - Cyber security information sharing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... forensics laboratory at DC3, which implements specialized handling procedures to maintain its accreditation as a digital and multimedia forensics laboratory. DC3 will maintain, control, and dispose of all...

32 CFR 700.505 - Delegated authority and responsibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... personnel, of the United States Marine Corps. This includes responsibility for leadership in maintaining a... personal advancement; and for leadership in maintaining the morale and motivation of Marine Corps personnel...

Replacing a Missing Tooth

MedlinePlus

... usually shifted, so this must be corrected. A space is often opened up and maintained for later ... with an artificial tooth serves to maintain the space and improve speech and appearance until a definitive ...

Allocating SMART Reliability and Maintainability Goals to NASA Ground Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gillespie, Amanda; Monaghan, Mark

2013-01-01

This paper will describe the methodology used to allocate Reliability and Maintainability (R&M) goals to Ground Systems Development and Operations (GSDO) subsystems currently being designed or upgraded.

32 CFR 700.505 - Delegated authority and responsibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... personnel, of the United States Marine Corps. This includes responsibility for leadership in maintaining a... personal advancement; and for leadership in maintaining the morale and motivation of Marine Corps personnel...

32 CFR 700.505 - Delegated authority and responsibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... personnel, of the United States Marine Corps. This includes responsibility for leadership in maintaining a... personal advancement; and for leadership in maintaining the morale and motivation of Marine Corps personnel...

32 CFR 700.505 - Delegated authority and responsibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... personnel, of the United States Marine Corps. This includes responsibility for leadership in maintaining a... personal advancement; and for leadership in maintaining the morale and motivation of Marine Corps personnel...

32 CFR 700.505 - Delegated authority and responsibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... personnel, of the United States Marine Corps. This includes responsibility for leadership in maintaining a... personal advancement; and for leadership in maintaining the morale and motivation of Marine Corps personnel...

Fast food tips (image)

MedlinePlus

... at places that offer a variety of salads, soups, and vegetables to help maintain your best health. ... at places that offer a variety of salads, soups, and vegetables to help maintain your best health.

Comparison of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and pregnanolone with existing pharmacotherapies for alcohol abuse on ethanol- and food-maintained responding in male rats.

PubMed

Hulin, Mary W; Lawrence, Michelle N; Amato, Russell J; Weed, Peter F; Winsauer, Peter J

2015-03-01

The present study compared two putative pharmacotherapies for alcohol abuse and dependence, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and pregnanolone, with two Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved pharmacotherapies, naltrexone and acamprosate. Experiment 1 assessed the effects of different doses of DHEA, pregnanolone, naltrexone, and acamprosate on both ethanol- and food-maintained responding under a multiple fixed-ratio (FR)-10 FR-20 schedule, respectively. Experiment 2 assessed the effects of different mean intervals of food presentation on responding for ethanol under a FR-10 variable-interval (VI) schedule, whereas Experiment 3 assessed the effects of a single dose of each drug under a FR-10 VI-80 schedule. In Experiment 1, all four drugs dose-dependently decreased response rate for both food and ethanol, although differences in the rate-decreasing effects were apparent among the drugs. DHEA and pregnanolone decreased ethanol-maintained responding more potently than food-maintained responding, whereas the reverse was true for naltrexone. Acamprosate decreased responding for both reinforcers with equal potency. In Experiment 2, different mean intervals of food presentation significantly affected the number of food reinforcers obtained per session; however, changes in the number of food reinforcements did not significantly affect responding for ethanol. Under the FR-10 VI-80 schedule in Experiment 3, only naltrexone significantly decreased both the dose of alcohol presented and blood ethanol concentration (BEC). Acamprosate and pregnanolone had no significant effects on any of the dependent measures, whereas DHEA significantly decreased BEC, but did not significantly decrease response rate or the dose presented. In summary, DHEA and pregnanolone decreased ethanol-maintained responding more potently than food-maintained responding under a multiple FR-10 FR-20 schedule, and were more selective for decreasing ethanol self-administration than either naltrexone or acamprosate under that schedule. Experiment 2 showed that ethanol intake was relatively independent of the interval of reinforcement in the food-maintained component, and Experiment 3 showed that naltrexone was the most effective drug at the doses tested when the interval for food reinforcement was low and maintained under a variable-interval schedule. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Comparison of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and pregnanolone with existing pharmacotherapies for alcohol abuse on ethanol- and food-maintained responding in male rats

PubMed Central

Hulin, Mary W.; Lawrence, Michelle N.; Amato, Russell J.; Weed, Peter F.; Winsauer, Peter J.

2015-01-01

The present study compared two putative pharmacotherapies for alcohol abuse and dependence, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and pregnanolone, with two Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved pharmacotherapies, naltrexone and acamprosate. Experiment 1 assessed the effects of different doses of DHEA, pregnanolone, naltrexone, and acamprosate on both ethanol- and food-maintained responding under a multiple fixed-ratio (FR)-10 FR-20 schedule, respectively. Experiment 2 assessed the effects of different mean intervals of food presentation on responding for ethanol under an FR-10 variable-interval (VI) schedule, whereas Experiment 3 assessed the effects of a single dose of each drug under a FR-10 VI-80 schedule. In Experiment 1, all four drugs dose-dependently decreased response rate for both food and ethanol, although differences in the rate-decreasing effects were apparent among the drugs. DHEA and pregnanolone decreased ethanol-maintained responding more potently than food-maintained responding, whereas the reverse was true for naltrexone. Acamprosate decreased responding for both reinforcers with equal potency. In Experiment 2, different mean intervals of food presentation significantly affected the number of food reinforcers obtained per session; however, changes in the number of food reinforcements did not significantly affect responding for ethanol. Under the FR-10 VI-80 schedule in Experiment 3, only naltrexone significantly decreased both the dose of alcohol presented and blood ethanol concentration (BEC). Acamprosate and pregnanolone had no significant effects on any of the dependent measures, whereas DHEA significantly decreased BEC, but did not significantly decrease response rate or the dose presented. In summary, DHEA and pregnanolone decreased ethanol-maintained responding more potently than food-maintained responding under a multiple FR-10 FR-20 schedule, and were more selective for decreasing ethanol self-administration than either naltrexone or acamprosate under that schedule. Experiment 2 showed that ethanol intake was relatively independent of the density of reinforcement in the food-maintained component, and Experiment 3 showed that naltrexone was the most effective drug at the doses tested when the density for food reinforcement was low and maintained under a variable-interval schedule. PMID:25620274

The key actors maintaining elders in functional autonomy in Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background Globally, a significant increase in functional disability among the elderly is expected in the near future. It is therefore vital to begin considering how Sub-Saharan Africa countries can best start building or strengthening the care and support system for that target population. Study objectives are: 1) identify the key actors of the social system who maintain elders in functional autonomy at home in Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso) and 2) to describe the functional status of older people living at home. Methods We conducted a longitudinal descriptive study among the elderly aged 60 and above (351). Their functional status was evaluated using the Functional Autonomy Measurement System (SMAF). Data analysis was done using the statistical software package STATA (SE11). Results In Bobo-Dioulasso, 68% of seniors have good functional capacity or a slight incapacity and 32% have moderate to severe incapacities. Older people die before (3%) or during (14%) moderate to severe disabilities. This would mean that the quality of medical and/or social care is not good for maintaining functional autonomy of older people with moderate to severe disabilities. Two main groups of people contribute to maintain elders in functional autonomy: the elderly themselves and their family. Community, private or public structures for maintaining elders in functional autonomy are non-existent. The social system for maintaining elders in functional autonomy is incomplete and failing. In case of functional handicap at home, the elders die. But stakeholders are not conscious of this situation; they believe that this system is good for maintaining elders in functional autonomy. Conclusion It is likely that the absence of formal care and support structure likely shortens the lifespan of severely disabled older people. Stakeholders have not yet looked at this possibility. The stakeholders should seriously think about: 1) how to establish the third level of actors who can fulfill the needs to maintain elders in functional autonomy that are not satisfied by others (family members or the older individuals themselves), and 2) how to reinforce the role of each actor and the collaboration between the different groups of people of this system. PMID:24997509

32 CFR 236.5 - Cyber security information sharing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... multimedia forensics laboratory at DC3, which implements specialized handling procedures to maintain its accreditation as a digital and multimedia forensics laboratory. DC3 will maintain, control, and dispose of all...

32 CFR 236.5 - Cyber security information sharing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... multimedia forensics laboratory at DC3, which implements specialized handling procedures to maintain its accreditation as a digital and multimedia forensics laboratory. DC3 will maintain, control, and dispose of all...

78 FR 25741 - Ocean Transportation Intermediary License Revocations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-02

.... Address: 2400 Yorktown Street, Houston, TX 77056. Date Revoked: April 14, 2013. Reason: Failed to maintain... to maintain a valid bond. License No.: 020686F. Name: Combitrans Logistics, Inc. Address: 2400...

48 CFR 6.202 - Establishing or maintaining alternative sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... emergency or industrial mobilization; (3) Be in the interest of national defense in establishing or maintaining an essential engineering, research, or development capability to be provided by an educational or...

48 CFR 6.202 - Establishing or maintaining alternative sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... emergency or industrial mobilization; (3) Be in the interest of national defense in establishing or maintaining an essential engineering, research, or development capability to be provided by an educational or...

48 CFR 6.202 - Establishing or maintaining alternative sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... emergency or industrial mobilization; (3) Be in the interest of national defense in establishing or maintaining an essential engineering, research, or development capability to be provided by an educational or...

48 CFR 6.202 - Establishing or maintaining alternative sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... emergency or industrial mobilization; (3) Be in the interest of national defense in establishing or maintaining an essential engineering, research, or development capability to be provided by an educational or...

Integrated sign management system : ADOT maintenance group

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-12-01

The Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) maintains and manages an inventory of roadway signs. Before the implementation of this project, sign technicians maintained inventory records on individual laptops to track their daily sign maintenance ...

14 CFR 141.101 - Training records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... case of graduation from a course based on internet media, the school must maintain the identifying graduation certificate code required by § 141.95(b)(8). (b) The records required to be maintained in a...

14 CFR 141.101 - Training records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... case of graduation from a course based on internet media, the school must maintain the identifying graduation certificate code required by § 141.95(b)(8). (b) The records required to be maintained in a...

14 CFR 141.101 - Training records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... case of graduation from a course based on internet media, the school must maintain the identifying graduation certificate code required by § 141.95(b)(8). (b) The records required to be maintained in a...

12 CFR 749.3 - Vital records center.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

....3 Vital records center. A vital records center is defined as a storage facility, which may include... must maintain or contract with a third party to maintain any equipment or software for its vital...

12 CFR 749.3 - Vital records center.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

....3 Vital records center. A vital records center is defined as a storage facility, which may include... must maintain or contract with a third party to maintain any equipment or software for its vital...

12 CFR 749.3 - Vital records center.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

....3 Vital records center. A vital records center is defined as a storage facility, which may include... must maintain or contract with a third party to maintain any equipment or software for its vital...

12 CFR 749.3 - Vital records center.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

....3 Vital records center. A vital records center is defined as a storage facility, which may include... must maintain or contract with a third party to maintain any equipment or software for its vital...

12 CFR 749.3 - Vital records center.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

....3 Vital records center. A vital records center is defined as a storage facility, which may include... must maintain or contract with a third party to maintain any equipment or software for its vital...

7 CFR 784.12 - Maintaining records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... SPECIAL PROGRAMS 2004 EWE LAMB REPLACEMENT AND RETENTION PAYMENT PROGRAM § 784.12 Maintaining records... accounts must be retained for 3 years after the date of payment to the sheep and lamb operations under this...

ELECTRIC HOLDING FURNACE IN THE MALLEABLE FOUNDRY MAINTAINS CONSTANT TEMPERATURES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

ELECTRIC HOLDING FURNACE IN THE MALLEABLE FOUNDRY MAINTAINS CONSTANT TEMPERATURES FOR IRON PRIOR TO FILLING MOBILE LADLES. - Stockham Pipe & Fittings Company, Malleable Foundry, 4000 Tenth Avenue North, Birmingham, Jefferson County, AL

Maintaining granular surfaced roads.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-02-01

Approximately 65% of Iowa's roads are surfaced with aggregates composed of crushed limestone and/or gravel. Rural Iowan's regard these roads as a very important part of their lives. Therefore, the slide-tape presentation, "Maintaining Granular Surfac...

Breastfeeding considerations of opioid dependent mothers and infants.

PubMed

Hilton, Tara C

2012-01-01

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has a long-standing recommendation against breastfeeding if the maternal methadone dose is above 20 mg/day. In 2001, the AAP lifted the dose restriction of maternal methadone allowing methadone-maintained mothers to breastfeed. The allowance of breastfeeding among mothers taking methadone has been met with opposition due to the uncertainty that exists related to methadone exposure of the suckling infant. Methadone-maintained mothers are at higher risk for abuse, concomitant psychiatric disorders, limited access to healthcare, and financial hardship. Breastfeeding rates among methadone-maintained women tend to be low compared to the national average. This manuscript will discuss the implications for healthcare practitioners caring for methadone-maintained mothers and infants and associated risks and benefits of breastfeeding. This population of mothers and infants stands to obtain particular benefits from the various well-known advantages of breastfeeding.

Caffeine delays oocyte aging and maintains the quality of aged oocytes safely in mouse.

PubMed

Zhang, Xia; Liu, Xiaoyan; Chen, Li; Wu, Dan-Ya; Nie, Zheng-Wen; Gao, Ying-Ying; Miao, Yi-Liang

2017-03-28

Caffeine, as an oocyte aging inhibitor, was used in many different species to control or delay oocyte aging. However, the safety of caffeine and developmental competence of aged oocytes inhibited by caffeine has not been studied systematically. So we detected the spindle morphology, distribution of cortical granules, zona pellucida hardening and pronucleus formation to assess oocyte quality of caffeine treated oocytes. We found that aged oocytes treated by caffeine maintained weak susceptibility to activating stimuli and regained normal competent after aged further 6 hr. Caffeine maintained the spindle morphology, changed cortical granules distribution of aged oocytes and could not prevent zona pellucida hardening. Furthermore, caffeine increased pronucleus formation of aged oocytes and decreased fragmentation after fertilization. These results suggested that caffeine could maintain the quality of aged oocytes safely in mouse.

Susceptibility of Pacific herring to viral hemorrhagic septicemia is influenced by diet

USGS Publications Warehouse

Beaulaurier, Joshua; Bickford, N.; Gregg, J.L.; Grady, C.A.; Gannam, A.L.; Winton, J.R.; Hershberger, P.K.

2012-01-01

Groups of specific-pathogen-free Pacific herring Clupea pallasii were highly susceptible to infection by viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV); however, the level of mortality was influenced by diet during the 40–71 d before, during, and after the first exposure to the virus. Cumulative mortality was highest among the herring maintained on an experimental soy-based pellet, intermediate among those maintained on a commercially available fish-meal-based pellet, and lowest among those maintained on a second commercially available fish-meal-based pellet containing ß-glucans. Additionally, the herring maintained on the experimental soy-based feed demonstrated less growth than those on the commercially available feeds. The results indicate the importance of standardizing diet during empirical determinations of disease susceptibility and provide insights into the risk factors affecting VHS susceptibility in wild populations.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sword, Charles Keith

A scanner system and method for acquisition of position-based ultrasonic inspection data are described. The scanner system includes an inspection probe and a first non-contact linear encoder having a first sensor and a first scale to track inspection probe position. The first sensor is positioned to maintain a continuous non-contact interface between the first sensor and the first scale and to maintain a continuous alignment of the first sensor with the inspection probe. The scanner system may be used to acquire two-dimensional inspection probe position data by including a second non-contact linear encoder having a second sensor and a secondmore » scale, the second sensor positioned to maintain a continuous non-contact interface between the second sensor and the second scale and to maintain a continuous alignment of the second sensor with the first sensor.« less

Adequacy of solar energy to keep babies warm.

PubMed

Daga, S R; Sequera, D; Goel, S; Desai, B; Gajendragadkar, A

1996-02-01

Solar energy could be used as an alternate energy source for keeping neonates warm especially in tropical countries. The present study investigated the efficacy of solar powered room heating system. Referral center for neonatal care. A fluid system heated by solar panels and circulated into a room was used to maintain room temperature. A servocontrolled heating device was used to regulate and maintain desired room temperature. Neonatal rectal temperature and room temperature. Infants between 1750-2250 g were observed to require a mean room temperature of 32.5 degrees C to maintain normothermia. In 85 infants less than 1500 g, of the 5050 infant temperature records, only 3% showed a record less than 36 degrees C. Solar powered room heating is effective in maintaining infant temperature and is cost-effective as compared to the existing warming devices.

A comparison of positive and negative reinforcement for compliance to treat problem behavior maintained by escape.

PubMed

Slocum, Sarah K; Vollmer, Timothy R

2015-09-01

Previous research has shown that problem behavior maintained by escape can be treated using positive reinforcement. In the current study, we directly compared functional (escape) and nonfunctional (edible) reinforcers in the treatment of escape-maintained problem behavior for 5 subjects. In the first treatment, compliance produced a break from instructions. In the second treatment, compliance produced a small edible item. Neither treatment included escape extinction. Results suggested that the delivery of a positive reinforcer for compliance was effective for treating escape-maintained problem behavior for all 5 subjects, and the delivery of escape for compliance was ineffective for 3 of the 5 subjects. Implications and future directions related to the use of positive reinforcers in the treatment of escape behavior are discussed. © Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior.

An empirical investigation of time-out with and without escape extinction to treat escape-maintained noncompliance.

PubMed

Everett, Gregory E; Joe Olmi, D; Edwards, Ron P; Tingstrom, Daniel H; Sterling-Turner, Heather E; Christ, Theodore J

2007-07-01

The present study evaluates the effectiveness of two time-out (TO) procedures in reducing escape-maintained noncompliance of 4 children. Noncompliant behavioral function was established via a functional assessment (FA), including indirect and direct descriptive procedures and brief confirmatory experimental analyses. Following FA, parents were taught to consequate noncompliance with two different TO procedures, one without and one with escape extinction following TO release. Although results indicate TO without escape extinction is effective in increasing compliance above baseline levels, more optimal levels of compliance were obtained for all 4 children when escape extinction was added to the TO procedures already in place. Results indicate efficacy of TO with escape extinction when applied to escape-maintained noncompliance and are discussed as an initial example of the successful application of TO to behaviors maintained by negative reinforcement.

A dendritic cell-stromal axis maintains immune responses in lymph nodes

PubMed Central

Kumar, Varsha; Dasoveanu, Dragos C.; Chyou, Susan; Tzeng, Te-Chen; Rozo, Cristina; Liang, Yong; Stohl, William; Fu, Yang-Xin; Ruddle, Nancy; Lu, Theresa T.

2015-01-01

Summary Within secondary lymphoid tissues, stromal reticular cells support lymphocyte function, and targeting reticular cells is a potential strategy for controlling pathogenic lymphocytes in disease. However, the mechanisms that regulate reticular cell function are not well understood. Here we found that during an immune response in lymph nodes, dendritic cells (DCs) maintain reticular cell survival in multiple compartments. DC-derived lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTβR) ligands were critical mediators, and LTβR signaling on reticular cells mediated cell survival by modulating podoplanin (PDPN). PDPN modulated integrin-mediated cell adhesion, which maintained cell survival. This DC-stromal axis maintained lymphocyte survival and the ongoing immune response. Our findings provide insight into the functions of DCs, LTβR, and PDPN and delineate a DC-stromal axis that can potentially be targeted in autoimmune or lymphoproliferative diseases. PMID:25902483

Lifelong physical activity in maintaining bone strength in older men and women of the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study.

PubMed

Rianon, N J; Lang, T F; Sigurdsson, G; Eiriksdottir, G; Sigurdsson, S; Garcia, M; Pajala, S; Koster, A; Yu, B; Selwyn, B J; Taylor, W C; Kapadia, A S; Gudnason, V; Launer, L J; Harris, T B

2012-09-01

We examined if lifelong physical activity is important for maintaining bone strength in the elderly. Associations of quantitative computerized tomography-acquired bone measures (vertebral and femoral) and self-reported physical activity in mid-life (mean age, 50 years), in old age (≥65 years), and throughout life (recalled during old age) were investigated in 2,110 men and 2,682 women in the AGES-Reykjavik Study. Results conclude lifelong physical activity with continuation into old age (≥65 years) best maintains better bone health later in life. Skeletal loading is thought to modulate the loss of bone in later life, and physical activity is a chief means of affecting bone strength by skeletal loading. Despite much discussion regarding lifelong versus early adulthood physical activity for preventing bone loss later in life, inconsistency still exists regarding how to maintain bone mass later in life (≥65 years). We examined if lifelong physical activity is important for maintaining bone strength in the elderly. The associations of quantitative computerized tomography-acquired vertebral and femoral bone measures and self-reported physical activity in mid-life (mean age, 50 years), in old age (≥65 years), and throughout life (recalled during old age) were investigated in 2,110 men and 2,682 women in the AGES-Reykjavik Study. Our findings conclude that lifelong physical activity with continuation into old age (≥65 years) best maintains better bone health in the elderly.

Maintained LTP and Memory Are Lost by Zn2+ Influx into Dentate Granule Cells, but Not Ca2+ Influx.

PubMed

Takeda, Atsushi; Tamano, Haruna; Hisatsune, Marie; Murakami, Taku; Nakada, Hiroyuki; Fujii, Hiroaki

2018-02-01

The idea that maintained LTP and memory are lost by either increase in intracellular Zn 2+ in dentate granule cells or increase in intracellular Ca 2+ was examined to clarify significance of the increases induced by excess synapse excitation. Both maintained LTP and space memory were impaired by injection of high K + into the dentate gyrus, but rescued by co-injection of CaEDTA, which blocked high K + -induced increase in intracellular Zn 2+ but not high K + -induced increase in intracellular Ca 2+ . High K + -induced disturbances of LTP and intracellular Zn 2+ are rescued by co-injection of 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxakine-2,3-dione, an α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptor antagonist, but not by co-injection of blockers of NMDA receptors, metabotropic glutamate receptors, and voltage-dependent calcium channels. Furthermore, AMPA impaired maintained LTP and the impairment was also rescued by co-injection of CaEDTA, which blocked increase in intracellular Zn 2+ , but not increase in intracellular Ca 2+ . NMDA and glucocorticoid, which induced Zn 2+ release from the internal stores, did not impair maintained LTP. The present study indicates that increase in Zn 2+ influx into dentate granule cells through AMPA receptors loses maintained LTP and memory. Regulation of Zn 2+ influx into dentate granule cells is more critical for not only memory acquisition but also memory retention than that of Ca 2+ influx.

The mechanism by which nonlinearity sustains turbulence in plane Couette flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nikolaidis, M.-A.; Farrell, B. F.; Ioannou, P. J.

2018-04-01

Turbulence in wall-bounded shear flow results from a synergistic interaction between linear non-normality and nonlinearity in which non-normal growth of a subset of perturbations configured to transfer energy from the externally forced component of the turbulent state to the perturbation component maintains the perturbation energy, while the subset of energy-transferring perturbations is replenished by nonlinearity. Although it is accepted that both linear non-normality mediated energy transfer from the forced component of the mean flow and nonlinear interactions among perturbations are required to maintain the turbulent state, the detailed physical mechanism by which these processes interact in maintaining turbulence has not been determined. In this work a statistical state dynamics based analysis is performed on turbulent Couette flow at R = 600 and a comparison to DNS is used to demonstrate that the perturbation component in Couette flow turbulence is replenished by a non-normality mediated parametric growth process in which the fluctuating streamwise mean flow has been adjusted to marginal Lyapunov stability. It is further shown that the alternative mechanism in which the subspace of non-normally growing perturbations is maintained directly by perturbation-perturbation nonlinearity does not contribute to maintaining the turbulent state. This work identifies parametric interaction between the fluctuating streamwise mean flow and the streamwise varying perturbations to be the mechanism of the nonlinear interaction maintaining the perturbation component of the turbulent state, and identifies the associated Lyapunov vectors with positive energetics as the structures of the perturbation subspace supporting the turbulence.

Determinants and benefits of physical activity maintenance in hospital employees.

PubMed

Lavoie-Tremblay, Mélanie; Sounan, Charles; Martin, Kara; Trudel, Julie G; Lavigne, Genevieve L; Grover, Steven A; Lowensteyn, Ilka

2014-01-01

This study investigated whether the positive behavioral and anthropometric outcomes of a pedometer-based physical activity 8-week challenge were maintained 6 months after the end of the program. It further investigated the motivational profile of those who maintained their physical activity levels in the months following the end of the program and of those who did not. Hospital employees from a university-affiliated multisite health care center in Canada participated using a questionnaire. Of the 235 participants who completed the 8-week challenge, 157 questionnaires were returned 6 months later. Paired-samples t tests were conducted between the baseline and follow-up scores as well as between the postprogram and follow-up scores to detect significant differences between the measurement points. This study shows that the pedometer-based physical activity helped hospital employees maintain a high level of physical activity as well as maintain a healthy body mass index after 6 months. The results demonstrated that during maintenance the high physical activity group obtained higher scores for identified regulation and intrinsic regulation compared with the other groups. The results of the study revealed that identified and intrinsic regulations are important contributors to maintaining physical activity among hospital employees.

[The Contribution of Vascular Capacity and Blood Volume to Maintain Stable Blood Circulation during General Anesthesia].

PubMed

Shigemi, Kenji

2016-05-01

To maintain proper cardiac preload is one of the most effective procedures for the systemic circulation remaining stable. In particular, the balance between vascular capacity and total blood volume must be maintained within appropriate range by the administration of fluids, blood and/or vasoactive drugs with mean circulatory filling pressure (Pmcf), central venous pressure (CVP) or stroke volume variation (SVV). End-diastolic left ventricular volume (Ved) is theoretically the best index of cardiac preload; however, without transesophageal echocardbalanceiogram we cannot directly monitor Ved during anesthesia. The infused fluid volume remaining in intravascular space, the vascular capacity controlled by autonomic nervous system and/or vasoactive agents, and the unstressed blood volume properly mobilized to excess blood volume are the crucial factors to maintain cardiac output The knowledge of vascular physiology contribute the decision making to manipulate such factors to control blood circulation during general anesthesia. For example, CVP is usually maintained in the narrow range and seems to be stable; however, it must be changed just after the circulatory disturbances, such as acute bleeding, blood transfusion, and fluid infusion, and followed by gradual returning to initial value, because of the solid mechanism to preserve cardiac output

Intermittent granulocyte and monocyte apheresis versus mercaptopurine for maintaining remission of ulcerative colitis: a pilot study.

PubMed

Sakuraba, Atsushi; Sato, Toshiro; Morohoshi, Yuichi; Matsuoka, Katsuyoshi; Okamoto, Susumu; Inoue, Nagamu; Takaishi, Hiromasa; Ogata, Haruhiko; Iwao, Yasushi; Hibi, Toshifumi

2012-06-01

The effect of granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis (GMA) on prevention of relapse of ulcerative colitis (UC) is not clear. This was a pilot open-labeled, prospective, randomized, unblinded study to compare the tolerability and efficacy of intermittent GMA (once every 2 weeks) with mercaptopurine to maintain remission of UC. Twenty-one patients with UC, who had achieved remission by induction therapies were randomly assigned to receive either intermittent GMA (N = 10) or oral mercaptopurine (0.5 mg/kg per day; N = 11). The study period was 24 months. The rate of the patients maintaining remission and the incidences of adverse effects were compared between the two groups. At 24 months, seven of 10 patients (70.0%) on intermittent GMA and seven of 11 patients (63.6%, P = 1.00) on oral mercaptopurine were still in remission. Three patients relapsed in each group. One patient taking mercaptopurine, but none receiving intermittent GMA, dropped out because of adverse effects. Intermittent therapy with GMA was well tolerated and a substantial proportion of patients maintained remission. Intermittent GMA therapy in maintaining remission of UC merits further investigation. © 2012 The Authors. Therapeutic Apheresis and Dialysis © 2012 International Society for Apheresis.

Sub-100 fs pulses from an all-polarization maintaining Yb-fiber oscillator with an anomalous dispersion higher-order-mode fiber.

PubMed

Verhoef, A J; Zhu, L; Israelsen, S Møller; Grüner-Nielsen, L; Unterhuber, A; Kautek, W; Rottwitt, K; Baltuška, A; Fernández, A

2015-10-05

We present an Yb-fiber oscillator with an all-polarization-maintaining cavity with a higher-order-mode fiber for dispersion compensation. The polarization maintaining higher order mode fiber introduces not only negative second order dispersion but also negative third order dispersion in the cavity, in contrast to dispersion compensation schemes used in previous demonstrations of all-polarization maintaining Yb-fiber oscillators. The performance of the saturable absorber mirror modelocked oscillator, that employs a free space scheme for coupling onto the saturable absorber mirror and output coupling, was investigated for different settings of the intracavity dispersion. When the cavity is operated with close to zero net dispersion, highly stable 0.5-nJ pulses externally compressed to sub-100-fs are generated. These are to our knowledge the shortest pulses generated from an all-polarization-maintaining Yb-fiber oscillator. The spectral phase of the output pulses is well behaved and can be compensated such that wing-free Fourier transform limited pulses can be obtained. Further reduction of the net intracavity third order dispersion will allow generating broader output spectra and consequently shorter pulses, without sacrificing pulse fidelity.

10 CFR 1008.20 - Content of systems of records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...) The DOE will maintain no record describing how any individual exercises rights guaranteed by the First Amendment unless expressly authorized by statute or by the individual about whom the record is maintained or...

10 CFR 1008.20 - Content of systems of records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) The DOE will maintain no record describing how any individual exercises rights guaranteed by the First Amendment unless expressly authorized by statute or by the individual about whom the record is maintained or...

10 CFR 1008.20 - Content of systems of records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...) The DOE will maintain no record describing how any individual exercises rights guaranteed by the First Amendment unless expressly authorized by statute or by the individual about whom the record is maintained or...

10 CFR 1008.20 - Content of systems of records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...) The DOE will maintain no record describing how any individual exercises rights guaranteed by the First Amendment unless expressly authorized by statute or by the individual about whom the record is maintained or...

10 CFR 1008.20 - Content of systems of records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...) The DOE will maintain no record describing how any individual exercises rights guaranteed by the First Amendment unless expressly authorized by statute or by the individual about whom the record is maintained or...

Healthy Learning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kennedy, Mike

2003-01-01

Offers ten suggestions for schools and universities to help maintain a healthy indoor environment: proper flooring, sanitary washrooms, consistent maintenance, indoor air quality, preventing mold, daylighting, good acoustics, avoiding volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ergonomic furniture, and well-maintained roofs. (EV)

27 CFR 46.242 - Period for maintaining records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... PRODUCTS AND CIGARETTE PAPERS AND TUBES Floor Stocks Tax on Certain Tobacco Products, Cigarette Papers, and Cigarette Tubes Held for Sale on April 1, 2009 Records § 46.242 Period for maintaining records. The dealer...

27 CFR 46.242 - Period for maintaining records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... PRODUCTS AND CIGARETTE PAPERS AND TUBES Floor Stocks Tax on Certain Tobacco Products, Cigarette Papers, and Cigarette Tubes Held for Sale on April 1, 2009 Records § 46.242 Period for maintaining records. The dealer...

27 CFR 46.242 - Period for maintaining records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... PRODUCTS AND CIGARETTE PAPERS AND TUBES Floor Stocks Tax on Certain Tobacco Products, Cigarette Papers, and Cigarette Tubes Held for Sale on April 1, 2009 Records § 46.242 Period for maintaining records. The dealer...

21 CFR 203.36 - Fulfillment houses, shipping and mailing services, comarketing agreements, and third-party...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...-party recordkeeping. (a) Responsibility for creating and maintaining forms, reports, and records. Any... for creating and maintaining all requests, receipts, forms, reports, and records required under PDMA...

30 CFR 28.24 - Revocation of certificates of approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... PROTECTION FOR TRAILING CABLES IN COAL MINES Approval and Disapproval § 28.24 Revocation of certificates of... failure to maintain or cause to be maintained the quality control requirements of the certificate of...

30 CFR 28.24 - Revocation of certificates of approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... PROTECTION FOR TRAILING CABLES IN COAL MINES Approval and Disapproval § 28.24 Revocation of certificates of... failure to maintain or cause to be maintained the quality control requirements of the certificate of...

30 CFR 28.24 - Revocation of certificates of approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... PROTECTION FOR TRAILING CABLES IN COAL MINES Approval and Disapproval § 28.24 Revocation of certificates of... failure to maintain or cause to be maintained the quality control requirements of the certificate of...

30 CFR 28.24 - Revocation of certificates of approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... PROTECTION FOR TRAILING CABLES IN COAL MINES Approval and Disapproval § 28.24 Revocation of certificates of... failure to maintain or cause to be maintained the quality control requirements of the certificate of...

76 FR 3635 - Ocean Transportation Intermediary License Revocation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-20

.... Reason: Failed to maintain a valid bond. License Number: 015837N. Name: Air Sea Containers, Inc. Address... 803, Los Angeles, CA 90010. Date Revoked: December 1, 2010. Reason: Failed to maintain a valid bond...

Estimation of average daily traffic on local roads in Kentucky.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-07-01

Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) officials use annual average daily traffic (AADT) to estimate intersection : performance across the state maintained highway system. KYTC currently collects AADTs for state maintained : roads but frequently lack...

27 CFR 46.242 - Period for maintaining records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... PRODUCTS AND CIGARETTE PAPERS AND TUBES Floor Stocks Tax on Certain Tobacco Products, Cigarette Papers, and Cigarette Tubes Held for Sale on April 1, 2009 Records § 46.242 Period for maintaining records. The dealer...

27 CFR 46.242 - Period for maintaining records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... PRODUCTS AND CIGARETTE PAPERS AND TUBES Floor Stocks Tax on Certain Tobacco Products, Cigarette Papers, and Cigarette Tubes Held for Sale on April 1, 2009 Records § 46.242 Period for maintaining records. The dealer...

Roadside vegetation field condition study : [summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-01-01

Roadside perennial grasses stabilize soils, reduce : erosion, and assist to maintain the integrity of : roadway right-of-ways and roadbeds. One way to : maintain healthy roadside grasses is to control : weed growth. Technicians with FDOTs maintena...

Proof of Concept to Isolate and Culture Primary Muscle Cells from Northern Elephant Seals to Study the Mechanisms that Maintain Aerobic Metabolism Under the Hypoxic Conditions of Breath-hold Diving

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-30

Cells from Northern Elephant Seals to Study the Mechanisms that Maintain Aerobic Metabolism Under the Hypoxic Conditions of Breath-hold Diving...Muscle Cells from Northern Elephant Seals to Study the Mechanisms that Maintain Aerobic Metabolism Under the Hypoxic Conditions of Breath-hold Diving 5a...two day period in September, 2012. The first major huddle to the study was to determine the effect of the overnight shipping of the viability of

Proof of Concept to Isolate and Culture Primary Muscle Cells from Northern Elephant Seals to Study the Mechanisms that Maintain Aerobic Metabolism Under the Hypoxic Conditions of Breath-Hold Diving

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-30

that are too small have less effective results with mechanical trituration that follows digestion). 5. Move dish and sample into the cell culture...Cells from Northern Elephant Seals to Study the Mechanisms that Maintain Aerobic Metabolism Under the Hypoxic Conditions of Breath-Hold Diving...Muscle Cells from Northern Elephant Seals to Study the Mechanisms that Maintain Aerobic Metabolism Under the Hypoxic Conditions of Breath-Hold Diving 5a

Handling Qualities Evaluations of Unmanned Aircraft Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-04

attitude at rotation 5° ± 0.5° 5° ± 2° Airspeed Vclimb ± 2 KIAS Vclimb ± 3 KIAS Heading Control Runway Track ± 2° Runway Track ± 5° No observed roll...maintain pitch attitude to maintain a target climb speed ±2 KIAS during the initial climb out. This task is 4 appropriate especially for an aircraft with...then maintain a climb speed after rotation (±2 KIAS ) until 1000 feet (ft) AGL. In this scenario, the pilot would pull the stick back after rotation

[Cytogenetical comparison of restorers TP-4 and D minghui63 and maintainer D46B of autotetraploid rice].

PubMed

Long, Wen-Bo; Luan, Li; Wang, Xing; Liu, Yu-Hua; Tu, Sheng-Bin; Kong, Fan-Lun; He, Tao

2007-04-01

Cytogenetical comparison was made between high seed set restorers TP-4 and D minghui63 and eminent maintainer line D46B of autotetraploid rice. The meiosis observation demonstrated the genomes of our autotetraploid materials were all 2n = 48, the same as those in mitosis observation. Low percentages of univalent and trivalent in metaphase I (MI) of restorers TP-4 and D minghui63 and in metaphase I (MI) of maintainer line D46B of autotetraploid rice were observed. And the percentages of chromosome pairing were all over 99%, showing eminent cytological character. The frequency of TP-4 and D minghui63 in metaphase I (MI) was 2.00/PMC and 2.26/PMC, respectively. However the frequency of D46B was 6.00/PMC, significantly higher than those of TP-4 and D minghui63. It indicated that the maintainer D46B has better chromosome pairing capability in metaphase I (MI). While, the frequency of lagging chromosomes of the maintainer D46B in anaphase I (AI) was 10.62%, significantly lower than that of TP-4 (19.44%) or D minghui63 (23.14%), and it was close to the level of diploid control (7.30%). In telophase I (TI), maintainer D46B exhibited a lower frequency of microkernel, and in telophase II (TII) the frequency of normal quartered microspore of maintainer D46B was not only higher than that of TP-4 or D minghui63 but also than that of diploid control. The percentage of the cell observed chromosome lagging in A1 and the percentage of abnormal cell in TI showed a greatly significant positive correlation. That may demonstrate chromo some separation in anaphase I (AI) and microkernel formation in telophase I (TI) are controlled by the same dominant single gene or the major gene of QTL.

75 FR 61707 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection; Comment Request: Proposed...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-06

... verifying information, processing and maintaining information and disclosing and providing information..., validating, and verifying information, processing and maintaining information and disclosing and providing... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection...

31 CFR 588.205 - Expenses of maintaining blocked property; liquidation of blocked account.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... WESTERN BALKANS STABILIZATION REGULATIONS Prohibitions § 588.205 Expenses of maintaining blocked property... license or permit granted before 12:01 a.m., eastern daylight time, June 27, 2001, all expenses incident...

77 FR 69754 - Promoting Transmission Investment Through Pricing Reform

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-21

...-26-000] Promoting Transmission Investment Through Pricing Reform AGENCY: Federal Energy Regulatory... necessary to encourage transmission infrastructure investment while maintaining just and reasonable rates... necessary to encourage transmission infrastructure investment while maintaining just and reasonable rates...

Superconductor shields test chamber from ambient magnetic fields

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hildebrandt, A. F.

1965-01-01

Shielding a test chamber for magnetic components enables it to maintain a constant, low magnetic field. The chamber is shielded from ambient magnetic fields by a lead foil cylinder maintained in a superconducting state by liquid helium.

50 CFR 80.133 - Does an agency have to maintain acquired or completed capital improvements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (CONTINUED) FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE-WILDLIFE AND SPORT... DINGELL-JOHNSON SPORT FISH RESTORATION ACTS Real Property § 80.133 Does an agency have to maintain...

50 CFR 80.133 - Does an agency have to maintain acquired or completed capital improvements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (CONTINUED) FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE-WILDLIFE AND SPORT... DINGELL-JOHNSON SPORT FISH RESTORATION ACTS Real Property § 80.133 Does an agency have to maintain...

Aviation infrastructure : challenges associated with building and maintaining runways

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-10-05

This testimony focuses on challenges associated with building new runways and with ensuring that existing runways are properly maintained. Recent flight delays and cancellations as well as significant media attention to them have heightened public co...

Guidelines for establishing and maintaining construction quality databases.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-11-01

The main objective of this study was to develop and present guidelines for State highway agencies (SHAs) in establishing and maintaining database systems geared towards construction quality issues for asphalt and concrete paving projects. To accompli...

Increasing Maintainability of a Wastewater-Recovery Unit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dehner, G. F.; Brose, H. F.

1987-01-01

Modified system leaks less and easier to disassemble for maintenance. Redesign of wastewater-recovery system separates water from urine: improved operation and system easier to maintain. Details of redesign, chiefly affected hollow-fiber-membrane evaporator, described in report.

75 FR 32089 - Weatherization Assistance for Low-Income Persons: Maintaining the Privacy of Applicants for and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-07

... Assistance for Low-Income Persons: Maintaining the Privacy of Applicants for and Recipients of Services... Renewable Energy. PART 440--WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE FOR LOW-INCOME PERSONS 0 Accordingly, the interim...

An assessment of maintainability of elevator system to improve facilities management knowledge-base

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Siti, N. A.; Asmone, A. S.; Chew, M. Y. L.

2018-02-01

Elevator system is a highly specialized machinery that requires technicians that have a wider array of knowledge in maintaining the system to be safe and reliable. While attaining reliable data of elevator malfunction become challenges, this study has filled the gap by gathering the management-maintenance issues and operational defects of elevator system. Forty-three types of operation defects were found and the consequence defects and their possible causes of occurrences were discussed. To respond to the prime challenges of maintaining elevator system provided by the industry players’ perspective, a theoretical framework is established as a recommendation to improve knowledge base of defects in elevator system which comprises good practices, and solutions to rectify each defects found. Hence, this research paper has theoretically improved the knowledge base of maintainability of elevator system and provide meaningful guidelines in practical senses to the industry professionals.

Moving Cages Further Offshore: Effects on Southern Bluefin Tuna, T. maccoyii, Parasites, Health and Performance

PubMed Central

Kirchhoff, Nicole T.; Rough, Kirsty M.; Nowak, Barbara F.

2011-01-01

The effects of offshore aquaculture on SBT health (particularly parasitic infections and haematology) and performance were the main aim of this study. Two cohorts of ranched Southern Bluefin tuna (SBT) (Thunnus maccoyii) were monitored throughout the commercial season, one maintained in the traditional near shore tuna farming zone and one maintained further offshore. SBT maintained offshore had reduced mortality, increased condition index at week 6 post transfer, reduced blood fluke and sealice loads, and haematological variables such as haemoglobin or lysozyme equal to or exceeding near shore maintained fish. The offshore cohort had no Cardicola forsteri and a 5% prevalence of Caligus spp., compared to a prevalence of 85% for Cardicola forsteri and 55% prevalence for Caligus spp. near shore at 6 weeks post transfer. This study is the first of its kind to examine the effects of commercial offshore sites on farmed fish parasites, health and performance. PMID:21901129

Description of the process used to create 1992 Hanford Morality Study database

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gilbert, E.S.; Buchanan, J.A.; Holter, N.A.

1992-12-01

An updated and expanded database for the Hanford Mortality Study has been developed by PNL`s Epidemiology and Biometry Department. The purpose of this report is to document this process. The primary sources of data were the Occupational Health History (OHH) files maintained by the Hanford Environmental Health Foundation (HEHF) and including demographic data and job histories; the Hanford Mortality (HMO) files also maintained by HEHF and including information of deaths of Hanford workers; the Occupational Radiation Exposure (ORE) files maintained by PNL`s Health Physics Department and containing data on external dosimetry; and a file of workers with confirmed internal depositionsmore » of radionuclides also maintained by PNL`s Health Physics Department. This report describes each of these files in detail, and also describes the many edits that were performed to address the consistency and accuracy of data within and between these files.« less

Description of the process used to create 1992 Hanford Morality Study database

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gilbert, E. S.; Buchanan, J. A.; Holter, N. A.

1992-12-01

An updated and expanded database for the Hanford Mortality Study has been developed by PNL's Epidemiology and Biometry Department. The purpose of this report is to document this process. The primary sources of data were the Occupational Health History (OHH) files maintained by the Hanford Environmental Health Foundation (HEHF) and including demographic data and job histories; the Hanford Mortality (HMO) files also maintained by HEHF and including information of deaths of Hanford workers; the Occupational Radiation Exposure (ORE) files maintained by PNL's Health Physics Department and containing data on external dosimetry; and a file of workers with confirmed internal depositionsmore » of radionuclides also maintained by PNL's Health Physics Department. This report describes each of these files in detail, and also describes the many edits that were performed to address the consistency and accuracy of data within and between these files.« less

The development and functional control of reading-comprehension behavior.

PubMed

Rosenbaum, M S; Breiling, J

1976-01-01

Reading comprehension, indicated by motor behavior and multiple-choice picture selection called for in written instructions, was taught to an autistic child using verbal prompts, modelling, and physical guidance. The child was rewarded for correct behaviors to training items; nonrewarded probes were used to assess generalization. Probable maintaining events were assessed through their sequential removal in a reversal design. Results showed: (a) following acquisition, performance was maintained at a near-100% level when candy, praise, attention, and training were removed, (b) absence of other persons was correlated with a marked decrease in performance, whereas their presence was associated with performance at near 100%, and (c) performance generalized to probes and across experimenters. Rewards, which may have been reinforcing during acquisition, did not appear necessary to maintain later performance. Instead, presence of others (a setting event) was demonstrated to have control over maintained performance.

Further Evaluation of the Use of Multiple Schedules for Behavior Maintained by Negative Reinforcement.

PubMed

Campos, Claudia; Leon, Yanerys; Sleiman, Andressa; Urcuyo, Beatriz

2017-03-01

One potential limitation of functional communication training (FCT) is that after the functional communication response (FCR) is taught, the response may be emitted at high rates or inappropriate times. Thus, schedule thinning is often necessary. Previous research has demonstrated that multiple schedules can facilitate schedule thinning by establishing discriminative control of the communication response while maintaining low rates of problem behavior. To date, most applied research evaluating the clinical utility of multiple schedules has done so in the context of behavior maintained by positive reinforcement (e.g., attention or tangible items). This study examined the use of a multiple schedule with alternating Fixed Ratio (FR 1)/extinction (EXT) components for two individuals with developmental disabilities who emitted escape-maintained problem behavior. Although problem behavior remained low during all FCT and multiple schedule phases, the use of the multiple schedule alone did not result in discriminated manding.

Space Environmental Effects on Thermal Control Coatings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

OBrien, Susan K.; Workman, Gary L.

1997-01-01

The study of long term near ultra-violet (NUV) effects in a vacuum atmosphere, is a crucial element for space applications. NUV radiation causes significant changes in the reflectance of many coatings and types of materials. An ultra high vacuum NUV system was assembled in order to investigate various coatings and materials in this hostile environment. The vacuum is an ion pump that maintains a minimum vacuum in the mid 10(exp -9) range. The system has a base pressure of 10(exp -9) torr and this base pressure is maintained with the ion pump. The NUV exposure was maintained at 2-3 suns which allows accelerated NUV exposure without overheating the samples. The goal of this test was to maintain an intensity of 3.4 x 10(exp -2) Watts/cm(exp 2) which equals 2.9 NUV suns. An NUV sun is defined as 1.16 Watts/cm(exp 2) integrated over wavelength of 200-400 nanometers.

Effect of hypophysectomy and thiourea treatment on radiophosphorus metabolism in goldfish, Carassius auratus L.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Srivastava, P. N.

1963-01-01

Goldfish, Carassius auratus L., were hypophysectomized. One month after the operation, hypophysectomized fish were divided into two groups, one of which was maintained in 0.3% thiourea solution. Control fish were also divided into two groups and maintained in 0.3% thiourea solution and fresh water. After two weeks P/sup 32/ was added in all the aquaria. Hypophysectomized fish maintained in fresh water utilized 39% of the P/sup 32/ in five days and the controls utilized 41% (the difference is not statistically significant). Hypophysectomized fish treated with thiourea utilized only 27% P/sup 32/ whereas the controls maintained in thiourea utilized 53%. Thismore » confirmed that increased P/sup 32/ utilization in thiourea solutions was caused by thyroid stimulation from the increased output of endogenous thyroid-stimulating hormone by the pituitary gland. (M.C.G.)« less

Restructuring hospital-physician relationships for future success.

PubMed

Howard, Chris

2003-01-01

Integrating physicians into the Healthfirst administration through employment sowed seeds of mutual understanding among these two groups that would benefit the system immeasurably over the next several years. The immediate future, however, saw only cultural upheaval between our hospitals and newly employed physicians, hospitals and nonemployed physicians, employed and nonemployed physicians, as well as specialists and primary care providers. Traditional physician-relationship-building efforts became difficult, if not impossible, to maintain. Essentially, administration was forced to scrap ten years of physician-development plans in order to reconfigure a relations effort that would maintain hospital support from all sides while restructuring the employed medical group. This article describes the evolution of Healthfirst's approach to maintaining effective physician relationships within our healthcare system and its affiliated entities over the past decade. Specifically, the article details the manner in which our system has evolved physician-relations activity to maintain an effective strategy during times of significant change in the healthcare industry.

Maintaining a Distinction Between Possible and Impossible Topics of Conversation in the Outpatient Respiratory Medical Clinic

PubMed Central

Jensen, Lone Birgitte Skov; Larsen, Kristian; Konradsen, Hanne

2016-01-01

The aim of this study is to generate a grounded theory explaining patterns of behavior among health care professionals (HCPs) during interactions with patients in outpatient respiratory medical clinics. The findings suggest that the HCPs managed contradictory expectations to the interaction by maintaining a distinction between possible and impossible topics to counseling. Three subcategories explaining the effort that maintain the impossible and possible topics separated were identified: (a) an effort to maintain the diseased lungs as the main task in counseling, (b) navigating interactions to avoid strong emotions of suffering in patients to reveal, (c) avoiding the appearance of the non-alterable life circumstances of the patients. The HCPs’ attitudes toward what patients could be offered generated a distance and a difficulty during counseling and created further suffering in the patients but likewise a discomfort and frustration among the HCPs. PMID:28462333

Maintaining a Distinction Between Possible and Impossible Topics of Conversation in the Outpatient Respiratory Medical Clinic.

PubMed

Jensen, Lone Birgitte Skov; Larsen, Kristian; Konradsen, Hanne

2016-01-01

The aim of this study is to generate a grounded theory explaining patterns of behavior among health care professionals (HCPs) during interactions with patients in outpatient respiratory medical clinics. The findings suggest that the HCPs managed contradictory expectations to the interaction by maintaining a distinction between possible and impossible topics to counseling. Three subcategories explaining the effort that maintain the impossible and possible topics separated were identified: (a) an effort to maintain the diseased lungs as the main task in counseling, (b) navigating interactions to avoid strong emotions of suffering in patients to reveal, (c) avoiding the appearance of the non-alterable life circumstances of the patients. The HCPs' attitudes toward what patients could be offered generated a distance and a difficulty during counseling and created further suffering in the patients but likewise a discomfort and frustration among the HCPs.

Mechanical properties of different types of space maintainers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beldiman, M.-A.; Mârţu, I.; Leiţoiu, B.; Luchian, I.; Lupescu, O.; Bârcă, E. S.

2015-11-01

Currently, inside the oral cavity, the dental space maintainers are subjected to forces exerted on them when performing various functions; therefore, it is important to know how each of these mechanisms behave and respond to forces that are applied directly to them. The mechanical properties of the materials used in dentistry are defined by a set of characteristics representing the behaviour of their particular working conditions and it is qualitatively expressed by a number of parameters.The study aimed to determine the pressing force that can be taken by four 4 types of space maintainers frequently used in practice - fixed and removable, applied on four samples realized with human teeth extracted for orthodontic purposes. Static tests were carried out on a machine type short WDW-5 EC with a maximum force of 5 kN and a loading speed of 5 mm/min by a special testing machine, with an innovative appliance; data recording was automatically performed, using a computer with a special program that present the specific diagrams. Experimental determinations included the following aspects: to determine the maximum force that can be supported by each sample, and to observe the deformations. The values obtained indicate that the best option in terms of behavior under the conditions specified is the removable appliance, and the less functional version is the fixed space maintainer using brackets. According to tests conducted, the fracture strength was found to be more important for fixed space maintainers (band and loop, for example) so, in practice is using more frequent these types of space maintainers.

Stem cells and corneal epithelial maintenance – insights from the mouse and other animal models

PubMed Central

Mort, Richard L.; Douvaras, Panagiotis; Morley, Steven D.; Dorà, Natalie; Hill, Robert E.; Collinson, J. Martin; West, John D.

2012-01-01

Maintenance of the corneal epithelium is essential for vision and is a dynamic process incorporating constant cell production, movement and loss. Although cell based therapies involving the transplantation of putative stem cells are well advanced for the treatment of human corneal defects, the scientific understanding of these interventions is poor. No definitive marker that discriminates stem cells that maintain the corneal epithelium from the surrounding tissue has been discovered and the identity of these elusive cells is, therefore, hotly debated. The key elements of corneal epithelial maintenance have long been recognised but it is still not known how this dynamic balance is coordinated during normal homeostasis to ensure the corneal epithelium is maintained at a uniform thickness. Most indirect experimental evidence supports the limbal epithelial stem cell (LESC) hypothesis, which proposes that the adult corneal epithelium is maintained by stem cells located in the limbus at the corneal periphery. However, this has been challenged recently by the corneal epithelial stem cell (CESC) hypothesis, which proposes that during normal homeostasis the mouse corneal epithelium is maintained by stem cells located throughout the basal corneal epithelium with LESCs only contributing during wound healing. In this chapter we review experimental studies, mostly based on animal work, that provide insights into how stem cells maintain the normal corneal epithelium and consider the merits of the alternative LESC and CESC hypotheses. Finally, we highlight some recent research on other stem cell systems and consider how this could influence future research directions for identifying the stem cells that maintain the corneal epithelium. PMID:22918816

Flying Drosophilamelanogaster maintain arbitrary but stable headings relative to the angle of polarized light.

PubMed

Warren, Timothy L; Weir, Peter T; Dickinson, Michael H

2018-05-11

Animals must use external cues to maintain a straight course over long distances. In this study, we investigated how the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster selects and maintains a flight heading relative to the axis of linearly polarized light, a visual cue produced by the atmospheric scattering of sunlight. To track flies' headings over extended periods, we used a flight simulator that coupled the angular velocity of dorsally presented polarized light to the stroke amplitude difference of the animals' wings. In the simulator, most flies actively maintained a stable heading relative to the axis of polarized light for the duration of 15 min flights. We found that individuals selected arbitrary, unpredictable headings relative to the polarization axis, which demonstrates that D . melanogaster can perform proportional navigation using a polarized light pattern. When flies flew in two consecutive bouts separated by a 5 min gap, the two flight headings were correlated, suggesting individuals retain a memory of their chosen heading. We found that adding a polarized light pattern to a light intensity gradient enhanced flies' orientation ability, suggesting D . melanogaster use a combination of cues to navigate. For both polarized light and intensity cues, flies' capacity to maintain a stable heading gradually increased over several minutes from the onset of flight. Our findings are consistent with a model in which each individual initially orients haphazardly but then settles on a heading which is maintained via a self-reinforcing process. This may be a general dispersal strategy for animals with no target destination. © 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

Comparison of the cardiopulmonary effects of anesthesia maintained by continuous infusion of romifidine, guaifenesin, and ketamine with anesthesia maintained by inhalation of halothane in horses.

PubMed

McMurphy, Rose M; Young, Lesley E; Marlin, David J; Walsh, Karen

2002-12-01

To compare cardiopulmonary responses during anesthesia maintained with halothane and responses during anesthesia maintained by use of a total intravenous anesthetic (TIVA) regimen in horses. 7 healthy adult horses (1 female, 6 geldings). Each horse was anesthetized twice. Romifidine was administered IV, and anesthesia was induced by IV administration of ketamine. Anesthesia was maintained for 75 minutes by administration of halothane (HA) or IV infusion of romifidine, guaifenesin, and ketamine (TIVA). The order for TIVA or HA was randomized. Cardiopulmonary variables were measured 40, 60, and 75 minutes after the start of HA orTIVA. Systolic, diastolic, and mean carotid arterial pressures, velocity time integral, and peak acceleration of aortic blood flow were greater, and systolic, diastolic, and mean pulmonary arterial pressure were lower at all time points for TIVA than for HA. Pre-ejection period was shorter and ejection time was longer for TIVA than for HA. Heart rate was greater for HA at 60 minutes. Minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation were greater and inspiratory time was longer for TIVA than for HA at 75 minutes. The PaCO2 was higher at 60 and 75 minutes for HA than forTIVA. Horses receiving a constant-rate infusion of romifidine, guaifenesin, and ketamine maintained higher arterial blood pressures than when they were administered HA. There was some indication that left ventricular function may be better during TIVA, but influences of preload and afterload on measured variables could account for some of these differences.

Similarities and differences between weight loss maintainers and regainers: a qualitative analysis.

PubMed

Reyes, Naomi R; Oliver, Tracy L; Klotz, Alicia A; Lagrotte, Caitlin A; Vander Veur, Stephanie S; Virus, Amy; Bailer, Brooke A; Foster, Gary D

2012-04-01

Obesity is remarkably refractory to treatment. Despite a plethora of quantitative studies, little qualitative research has been conducted on the topic of weight loss maintenance. This study used six focus groups to explore which factors promoted or prevented maintaining weight loss among a diverse, urban population. Eligible participants were those who had intentionally lost ≥10% of their body weight in the past 2 years and were categorized as either "regainers" or "maintainers" using self-reported length of weight maintenance and amount (%) regained. Regainers had regained ≥33% of their weight loss and maintainers had regained ≤15%. Participants (n=29) were predominantly African-American (58.6%) females (65.6%) with a mean age of 46.9±11.2 years. Four themes reflected similarities between regainers and maintainers, and four reflected differences between the groups. Both groups experienced lapses, used clothing fit for feedback on weight status, desired greater support during maintenance, and decreased self-monitoring of food intake over time. When compared with regainers, maintainers more often continued strategies used during weight loss, weighed themselves regularly, and used productive problem-solving skills and positive self-talk. Regainers experienced greater difficulty independently continuing food and exercise behaviors during maintenance, identifying decreased accountability and waning motivation as barriers. These findings suggest that weight loss maintenance efforts can be improved by addressing challenges such as long-term self-monitoring and problem-solving skills, and that maintenance success might depend on how people think as much as what they do. Copyright © 2012 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Cold chain monitoring during cold transportation of human corneas for transplantation.

PubMed

Net, M; Trias, E; Navarro, A; Ruiz, A; Diaz, P; Fontenla, J R; Manyalich, M

2003-08-01

As recommended by international standards the cornea should be maintained in a specific temperature range (2 degrees -8 degrees C) to guarantee its viability. However, there is no standard packaging method to maintain these conditions during transport. Our packaging system is similar to those used by the main eye banks in Spain and elsewhere in Europe. The objective is to monitor the cold chain in the current packaging method to validate the maintenance of temperature within the adequate range for a minimum 24-hour period. The effects of the following variables were studied: number and freezing temperature of the cold packs; air volume in the packaging system; position of the cornea in the packaging system; and the wall section of the container. Exterior temperature was maintained constant at 20 degrees to 24 degrees C. The cold chain was monitored using a device that measures temperature continuously and for which a histogram of temperature variation can be downloaded to a computer for further analysis. When the cold packs were frozen to -40 degrees C or the number of cold packs increased to four, the temperature decreased quickly to 0 degrees C and the transport period was not prolonged. The main objective was to improve isolation by reducing inner air volume, and maintaining the position of the cornea in the container. The currently used cold packaging systems (not frozen, 4 degrees C) do not maintain the temperature within the accepted range for the required distribution period. The improved system maintains the cornea at between 2 degrees C and 6 degrees C for a minimum of 24 hours.

Short-Term Storage of Human Spermatozoa in Electrolyte-Free Medium Without Freezing Maintains Sperm Chromatin Integrity Better Than Cryopreservation1

PubMed Central

Riel, Jonathan M.; Yamauchi, Yasuhiro; Huang, Thomas T.F.; Grove, John; Ward, Monika A.

2011-01-01

Previous attempts to maintain human spermatozoa without freezing were based on short-term storage in component-rich medium and led to fast decline in motility and increased incidence of chromosome breaks. Here we report a new method in which sperm are maintained without freezing in an electrolyte-free medium (EFM) composed of glucose and bovine serum albumin. Human sperm were stored in EFM or human tubal fluid medium (HTFM) or were cryopreserved, and their motility, viability, and DNA integrity were examined at different intervals. Cryopreservation led to significant decline in sperm motility and viability and induced DNA fragmentation. Sperm stored in EFM maintained motility and viability for up to 4 and 7 wk, respectively, much longer than sperm stored in HTFM (<2 and <4 wk, respectively). DNA integrity, assessed with comet assay, was also maintained significantly better in EFM than in HTFM. One-week storage in EFM yielded motility and viability similar to that of cryopreserved sperm, but DNA integrity was significantly higher, resembling that of fresh sperm. After several weeks of storage in EFM, sperm were able to activate oocytes, undergo chromatin remodeling, and form normal zygotic chromosomes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. This study demonstrated that human spermatozoa can be stored in EFM without freezing for several weeks while maintaining motility, viability, and chromatin integrity and that 1-wk storage in EFM offers better protection of sperm DNA integrity than cryopreservation. Sperm storage in EFM may become a viable option for the physicians working in assisted reproduction technology clinics, which would avoid cryodamage. PMID:21593474

75 FR 56511 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection; Comment Request: Part 41, Relating...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-16

..., and verifying information, processing and maintaining information and disclosing and providing..., validating, and verifying information, processing and maintaining information and disclosing and providing... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection...

75 FR 78978 - Agency Information Collection Activities Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-17

..., processing and maintaining information and disclosing and providing information; adjust the existing ways to... information, processing and maintaining information and disclosing and providing information; adjust the... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Agency Information Collection Activities Under OMB Review...

Wyoming Community Colleges Annual Partnership Report, 2014

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wyoming Community College Commission, 2014

2014-01-01

The "Annual Partnership Report" catalogs partnerships that Wyoming community colleges established and maintained for each fiscal year. Each community college maintains numerous partnerships for the development and provision of academic, occupational-technical, workforce development, and enrichment educational programs. These partnerships…

Management advisory memorandum on resource requirement planning for operating and maintaining the National Airspace System

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-01-13

Management Advisory Memorandum on Resource Requirement Planning for Operating and Maintaining the National Airspace System (NAS) in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Evaluates FAA's resource requirement planning system to ensure it accuratel...

Wyoming Community Colleges Annual Partnership Report, 2005

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wyoming Community College Commission, 2006

2006-01-01

The "Annual Partnership Report" catalogs all partnerships that Wyoming community colleges established and maintained for each fiscal year. Each community college maintains numerous partnerships for the development and provision of academic, occupational-technical, workforce development, and enrichment educational programs. These…

Wyoming Community Colleges Annual Partnership Report, 2009

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wyoming Community College Commission, 2009

2009-01-01

The "Annual Partnership Report" catalogs partnerships that Wyoming community colleges established and maintained for each fiscal year. Each community college maintains numerous partnerships for the development and provision of academic, occupational-technical, workforce development, and enrichment educational programs. These partnerships…

Wyoming Community Colleges Annual Partnership Report, 2008

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wyoming Community College Commission, 2009

2009-01-01

The "Annual Partnership Report" catalogs partnerships that Wyoming community colleges established and maintained for each fiscal year. Each community college maintains numerous partnerships for the development and provision of academic, occupational-technical, workforce development, and enrichment educational programs. These partnerships…

Wyoming Community Colleges Annual Partnership Report, 2007

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wyoming Community College Commission, 2008

2008-01-01

The "Annual Partnership Report" catalogs all partnerships that Wyoming community colleges established and maintained for each fiscal year. Each community college maintains numerous partnerships for the development and provision of academic, occupational-technical, workforce development, and enrichment educational programs. These…

Strategies for Buying and Maintaining Audio Visual Equipment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kalmbach, John A.; Kruzel, Richard D.

1989-01-01

Presents guidelines for purchasing and maintaining audiovisual equipment most often used in the classroom. Highlights include selecting a vendor; purchasing associations; preventive maintenance; optical equipment, including overhead projectors, slide projectors, movie projectors, and filmstrip projectors; and electromagnetic equipment, including…

50 CFR 80.133 - Does an agency have to maintain acquired or completed capital improvements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (CONTINUED) FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE-WILDLIFE SPORT FISH... SPORT FISH RESTORATION ACTS Real Property § 80.133 Does an agency have to maintain acquired or completed...

28 CFR 23.20 - Operating principles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE CRIMINAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS OPERATING POLICIES § 23.20 Operating principles. (a) A project shall collect and maintain criminal intelligence information concerning... shall not collect or maintain criminal intelligence information about the political, religious or social...

28 CFR 23.20 - Operating principles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE CRIMINAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS OPERATING POLICIES § 23.20 Operating principles. (a) A project shall collect and maintain criminal intelligence information concerning... shall not collect or maintain criminal intelligence information about the political, religious or social...

28 CFR 23.20 - Operating principles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE CRIMINAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS OPERATING POLICIES § 23.20 Operating principles. (a) A project shall collect and maintain criminal intelligence information concerning... shall not collect or maintain criminal intelligence information about the political, religious or social...

28 CFR 23.20 - Operating principles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE CRIMINAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS OPERATING POLICIES § 23.20 Operating principles. (a) A project shall collect and maintain criminal intelligence information concerning... shall not collect or maintain criminal intelligence information about the political, religious or social...

28 CFR 23.20 - Operating principles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE CRIMINAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS OPERATING POLICIES § 23.20 Operating principles. (a) A project shall collect and maintain criminal intelligence information concerning... shall not collect or maintain criminal intelligence information about the political, religious or social...

Mechanical Properties of Irradiated Polarization-Maintaining Optical Fibers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moeti, L.; Moghazy, S.; Ally, A.; Barnes, S.; Watkins, L.; Cuddihy, E.

1996-01-01

Polarization-maintaining optical fibers, referred to as PANDA fibers, were subjected to Cobalt 60 radiation (300,000 Rad). The mechanical properties of the PANDA fibers were measured after exposure to gamma radiation and compared to non-irradiated PANDA fibers.

32 CFR 317.3 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... system of records maintained by DCAA organizational elements and to make that information available to... requires that DCAA organizational elements: (1) Collect, maintain, use, and disseminate personal... instrumentality of any governmental jurisdiction within or under control of the United States conducting law...

10 CFR 26.127 - Procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., implement, and maintain written standard operating procedures for each assay performed for drug and specimen... facility shall develop, implement, and maintain written standard operating procedures for each test. The...; (2) Preparation of reagents, standards, and controls; (3) Calibration procedures; (4) Derivation of...

10 CFR 26.127 - Procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., implement, and maintain written standard operating procedures for each assay performed for drug and specimen... facility shall develop, implement, and maintain written standard operating procedures for each test. The...; (2) Preparation of reagents, standards, and controls; (3) Calibration procedures; (4) Derivation of...

10 CFR 26.127 - Procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., implement, and maintain written standard operating procedures for each assay performed for drug and specimen... facility shall develop, implement, and maintain written standard operating procedures for each test. The...; (2) Preparation of reagents, standards, and controls; (3) Calibration procedures; (4) Derivation of...

Maintaining vigilance on a simulated ATC monitoring task across repeated sessions.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1994-03-01

Maintaining alertness to information provided visually is an important aspect of air traffic controllers' work. Improper or incomplete scanning and monitoring behavior is often referred to as one of the causal factors associated with operational erro...

50 CFR 80.133 - Does an agency have to maintain acquired or completed capital improvements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (CONTINUED) FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE-WILDLIFE SPORT FISH... SPORT FISH RESTORATION ACTS Real Property § 80.133 Does an agency have to maintain acquired or completed...

5 Ways to Reach (and Maintain!) a Healthy Weight

MedlinePlus

... Staying Safe Videos for Educators Search English Español 5 Ways to Reach a Healthy Weight KidsHealth / For ... formas de alcanzar (¡y mantener!) un peso saludable 5 Ways to Reach (and Maintain!) a Healthy Weight ...

21 CFR 640.6 - Modifications of Whole Blood.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... between the red blood cells and plasma shall be maintained, the red blood cells shall be maintained between 1 and 6° C at all times, including that time when the plasma is being frozen for removal of the...

21 CFR 640.6 - Modifications of Whole Blood.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... between the red blood cells and plasma shall be maintained, the red blood cells shall be maintained between 1 and 6 °C at all times, including that time when the plasma is being frozen for removal of the...

21 CFR 640.6 - Modifications of Whole Blood.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... between the red blood cells and plasma shall be maintained, the red blood cells shall be maintained between 1 and 6° C at all times, including that time when the plasma is being frozen for removal of the...

21 CFR 640.6 - Modifications of Whole Blood.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... between the red blood cells and plasma shall be maintained, the red blood cells shall be maintained between 1 and 6 °C at all times, including that time when the plasma is being frozen for removal of the...

21 CFR 640.6 - Modifications of Whole Blood.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... between the red blood cells and plasma shall be maintained, the red blood cells shall be maintained between 1 and 6 °C at all times, including that time when the plasma is being frozen for removal of the...

Infrastructure support for the UCF driving simulator

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-01-01

Last year, a proposal was funded to maintain the infrastructure of the UCF Driving Simulator Lab. It was designed to guarantee the long-term presence of support staff with proper expertise to maintain the operational effectiveness of the driving simu...

Maintaining traffic sign retroreflectivity : impacts on state and local agencies

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-04-01

This report analyzes the impacts that might be expected from the adoption of proposed minimum maintained retroreflectivity levels for traffic signs to improve night visibility. The report evaluates the broad spectrum of concerns expressed by State an...

Lessons learned about primary weight maintenance and secondary weight maintenance: results from a qualitative study.

PubMed

Reilly, Ann; Mawn, Barbara; Susta, Davide; Staines, Anthony; Browne, Sarah; Sweeney, Mary Rose

2015-06-24

Obesity is now a worldwide problem and Ireland is no exception with approximately two thirds of the adult population now overweight or obese. A recent report has found that 53% of Irish adults aged 50 years and over are classified as centrally obese and at substantially increased risk of metabolic complications. While most studies investigating weight maintenance have been conducted on those who have managed to lose weight and/or achieved weight loss maintenance (secondary weight maintainers), few studies have been undertaken to understand the attitudes, behaviours, motivations and strategies of those who maintain their weight within normal weight ranges over their lifetime, so called primary weight maintainers. This study aims to explore this issue through qualitative exploration of primary weight maintainers in an Irish University. Seven focus groups were conducted (including three single interviews) with 17 participants in total across three different groups, 1) primary weight maintainers, 2) secondary weight maintainers, and 3) those unable to sustain or achieve weight loss. The interviews were transcribed and thematic analysis was applied to interpret the findings. After analyzing the participant's interviews, planning and organization or lack of, emerged as themes across the three groups in varying degrees. Strategizing, perseverance and willpower were seen as integral to weight maintenance and weight loss in groups one and two, these were lacking in group three. Prioritizing exercise and perseverance in maintaining a high level of activity was evident in groups one and two and was lacking in group three. Motivational influences were equal across the groups however, group three found it difficult to turn this into action. Group one had behavioural control of calorie intake maintaining a balance between week and weekend eating. Group three found it difficult to control calorie intake and portion size. Self-image differed across the three groups with cognitive dissonance evident amongst those in group three. This study showed that there are many factors that influence primary weight maintenance. Considering that we live in a society that is predominantly sedentary, predominantly overweight and with poor food choice options facing us every day, fighting our way through to ensure healthy weight maintenance requires active, conscious efforts. The factors identified in this study which are important in healthy weight maintenance are all potentially modifiable with life-coach, nutrition, exercise and cognitive interventions particularly if peer support and a whole family approach are incorporated.

Comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes between the hau cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) line and its iso-nuclear maintainer line in Brassica juncea to reveal the origin of the CMS-associated gene orf288.

PubMed

Heng, Shuangping; Wei, Chao; Jing, Bing; Wan, Zhengjie; Wen, Jing; Yi, Bin; Ma, Chaozhi; Tu, Jinxing; Fu, Tingdong; Shen, Jinxiong

2014-04-30

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is not only important for exploiting heterosis in crop plants, but also as a model for investigating nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction. CMS may be caused by mutations, rearrangement or recombination in the mitochondrial genome. Understanding the mitochondrial genome is often the first and key step in unraveling the molecular and genetic basis of CMS in plants. Comparative analysis of the mitochondrial genome of the hau CMS line and its maintainer line in B. juneca (Brassica juncea) may help show the origin of the CMS-associated gene orf288. Through next-generation sequencing, the B. juncea hau CMS mitochondrial genome was assembled into a single, circular-mapping molecule that is 247,903 bp in size and 45.08% in GC content. In addition to the CMS associated gene orf288, the genome contains 35 protein-encoding genes, 3 rRNAs, 25 tRNA genes and 29 ORFs of unknown function. The mitochondrial genome sizes of the maintainer line and another normal type line "J163-4" are both 219,863 bp and with GC content at 45.23%. The maintainer line has 36 genes with protein products, 3 rRNAs, 22 tRNA genes and 31 unidentified ORFs. Comparative analysis the mitochondrial genomes of the hau CMS line and its maintainer line allowed us to develop specific markers to separate the two lines at the seedling stage. We also confirmed that different mitotypes coexist substoichiometrically in hau CMS lines and its maintainer lines in B. juncea. The number of repeats larger than 100 bp in the hau CMS line (16 repeats) are nearly twice of those found in the maintainer line (9 repeats). Phylogenetic analysis of the CMS-associated gene orf288 and four other homologous sequences in Brassicaceae show that orf288 was clearly different from orf263 in Brassica tournefortii despite of strong similarity. The hau CMS mitochondrial genome was highly rearranged when compared with its iso-nuclear maintainer line mitochondrial genome. This study may be useful for studying the mechanism of natural CMS in B. juncea, performing comparative analysis on sequenced mitochondrial genomes in Brassicas, and uncovering the origin of the hau CMS mitotype and structural and evolutionary differences between different mitotypes.

New strategies for maintaining post-seismic operations of lifeline corridors.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-10-01

This project furthered the development of three strategies that could positively impact maintaining post-seismic operations of lifeline corridors. In Year 1, most of the focus : was on the development of the three individual strategies. In Year 2, a ...

BIBLIO: A Reprint File Management Algorithm

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zelnio, Robert N.; And Others

1977-01-01

The development of a simple computer algorithm designed for use by the individual educator or researcher in maintaining and searching reprint files is reported. Called BIBLIO, the system is inexpensive and easy to operate and maintain without sacrificing flexibility and utility. (LBH)

36 CFR 1222.34 - How must agencies maintain records?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... ADMINISTRATION RECORDS MANAGEMENT CREATION AND MAINTENANCE OF FEDERAL RECORDS Agency Recordkeeping Requirements § 1222.34 How must agencies maintain records? Agencies must implement a records maintenance program so... electronic records, segregable. Agency records maintenance programs must: (a) Institute procedures for...

77 FR 62238 - Alan B. Miller and Universal Health Services; Analysis of Agreement Containing Consent Orders To...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-12

... agreed to hold the to-be- divested assets separate, and to maintain the economic viability, marketability... maintain the economic viability, marketability, and competitiveness of the both the Peak and Mesilla Valley...

Expansion of the roadway reference log : KYSPR-99-201.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-05-01

The objectives of this study were to: 1) expand the current route log to include milepoints for all intersections on state maintained roads and 2) recommend a procedure for establishing milepoints and maintaining the file with up-to-date information....

Control circuit maintains unity power factor of reactive load

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kramer, M.; Martinage, L. H.

1966-01-01

Circuit including feedback control elements automatically corrects the power factor of a reactive load. It maintains power supply efficiency where negative load reactance changes and varies by providing corrective error signals to the control windings of a power supply transformer.

38 CFR 21.7153 - Progress and conduct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Bill-Active Duty) Pursuit of Courses § 21.7153 Progress and conduct. (a) Satisfactory pursuit of... must maintain satisfactory progress. VA will discontinue educational assistance if the individual does not maintain satisfactory progress. Progress is unsatisfactory if the individual does not...

49 CFR 236.557 - Receiver; location with respect to rail.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... inert roadway element type shall be maintained with bottom of the receiver at a height above the plane..., shall be maintained with the bottom of the receiver at a height above the plane of the tops of the rails...

Rock ramp design guidelines

USGS Publications Warehouse

Mooney, David M.; Holmquist-Johnson, Christopher L.; Broderick, Susan

2007-01-01

Rock ramps or roughened channels consist of steep reaches stabilized by large immobile material (riprap). Primary objectives for rock ramps include: Create adequate head for diversionMaintain fish passage during low-flow conditionsMaintain hydraulic conveyance during high-flow conditionsSecondary objectives for rock ramp design include:Emulate natural systemsMinimize costsThe rock ramp consists of a low-flow channel designed to maintain biologically adequate depth and velocity conditions during periods of small discharges. The remainder of the ramp is designed to withstand and pass large flows with minimal structural damage. The following chapters outline a process for designing rock ramps.

A dynamic family practice information system for enhanced financial management.

PubMed

Hofman, M N; Hughes, R L

1982-08-01

The definition of the fiscal unit/family structure has enabled users of the FMIS, or family practices in Colorado and Wyoming, to maintain accurate, ongoing financial information on their patients. In turn, this structure has been a major incentive for maintaining accurate family information, and a distinct benefit to FMIS users. This article has presented the rationale, design, and method of implementation of the fiscal unit structure, with the intention of presenting this concept to others for use in other information systems used in maintaining family-oriented financial and medical information for medical practices.

Extensive Hair Shaft Growth after Mouse Whisker Follicle Isolation, Cryopreservation and Transplantation in Nude Mice

PubMed Central

Cao, Wenluo; Li, Lingna; Tran, Benjamin; Kajiura, Satoshi; Amoh, Yasuyuki; Liu, Fang; Hoffman, Robert M.

2015-01-01

We previously demonstrated that whole hair follicles could be cryopreserved to maintain their stem-cells differentation potential. In the present study, we demonstrated that cryopreserved mouse whisker hair follicles maintain their hair growth potential. DMSO better cryopreserved mouse whisker follicles compared to glycerol. Cryopreserved hair follicles also maintained the hair follicle-associated-pluripotent (HAP) stem cells, evidenced by P75NTR expression. Subcutaneous transplantation of DMSO-cryopreserved hair follicles in nude mice resulted in extensive hair fiber growth over 8 weeks, indicating the functional recovery of hair shaft growth of cryopreserved hair follicles. PMID:26716690

Extensive Hair Shaft Growth after Mouse Whisker Follicle Isolation, Cryopreservation and Transplantation in Nude Mice.

PubMed

Cao, Wenluo; Li, Lingna; Tran, Benjamin; Kajiura, Satoshi; Amoh, Yasuyuki; Liu, Fang; Hoffman, Robert M

2015-01-01

We previously demonstrated that whole hair follicles could be cryopreserved to maintain their stem-cells differentation potential. In the present study, we demonstrated that cryopreserved mouse whisker hair follicles maintain their hair growth potential. DMSO better cryopreserved mouse whisker follicles compared to glycerol. Cryopreserved hair follicles also maintained the hair follicle-associated-pluripotent (HAP) stem cells, evidenced by P75NTR expression. Subcutaneous transplantation of DMSO-cryopreserved hair follicles in nude mice resulted in extensive hair fiber growth over 8 weeks, indicating the functional recovery of hair shaft growth of cryopreserved hair follicles.

Measuring and assessing maintainability at the end of high level design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Briand, Lionel C.; Morasca, Sandro; Basili, Victor R.

1993-01-01

Software architecture appears to be one of the main factors affecting software maintainability. Therefore, in order to be able to predict and assess maintainability early in the development process we need to be able to measure the high-level design characteristics that affect the change process. To this end, we propose a measurement approach, which is based on precise assumptions derived from the change process, which is based on Object-Oriented Design principles and is partially language independent. We define metrics for cohesion, coupling, and visibility in order to capture the difficulty of isolating, understanding, designing and validating changes.

A Quick Reference on Chloride.

PubMed

Bohn, Andrea A; de Morais, Helio Autran

2017-03-01

Chloride is an essential element, playing important roles in digestion, muscular activity, regulation of body fluids, and acid-base balance. As the most abundant anion in extracellular fluid, chloride plays a major role in maintaining electroneutrality. Chloride is intrinsically linked to sodium in maintaining osmolality and fluid balance and has an inverse relationship with bicarbonate in maintaining acid-base balance. It is likely because of these close ties that chloride does not get the individual attention it deserves; we can use these facts to simplify and interpret changes in serum chloride concentrations. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Method of Heat Treating Aluminum-Lithium Alloy to Improve Formability

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Russell, Carolyn Kurgan (Inventor); Chen, Po-Shou (Inventor)

2016-01-01

A method is provided for heat treating aluminum-lithium alloys to improve their formability. The alloy is heated to a first temperature, maintained at the first temperature for a first time period, heated at the conclusion of the first time period to a second temperature, maintained at the second temperature for a second time period, actively cooled at the conclusion of the second time period to a third temperature, maintained at the third temperature for a third time period, and then passively cooled at the conclusion of the third time period to room temperature.

Shared responsibility payment for not maintaining minimum essential coverage. Final regulations.

PubMed

2013-08-30

This document contains final regulations on the requirement to maintain minimum essential coverage enacted by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, as amended by the TRICARE Affirmation Act and Public Law 111-173. These final regulations provide guidance to individual taxpayers on the liability under section 5000A of the Internal Revenue Code for the shared responsibility payment for not maintaining minimum essential coverage and largely finalize the rules in the notice of proposed rulemaking published in the Federal Register on February 1, 2013.

An integrative view of storage of low- and high-level visual dimensions in visual short-term memory.

PubMed

Magen, Hagit

2017-03-01

Efficient performance in an environment filled with complex objects is often achieved through the temporal maintenance of conjunctions of features from multiple dimensions. The most striking finding in the study of binding in visual short-term memory (VSTM) is equal memory performance for single features and for integrated multi-feature objects, a finding that has been central to several theories of VSTM. Nevertheless, research on binding in VSTM focused almost exclusively on low-level features, and little is known about how items from low- and high-level visual dimensions (e.g., colored manmade objects) are maintained simultaneously in VSTM. The present study tested memory for combinations of low-level features and high-level representations. In agreement with previous findings, Experiments 1 and 2 showed decrements in memory performance when non-integrated low- and high-level stimuli were maintained simultaneously compared to maintaining each dimension in isolation. However, contrary to previous findings the results of Experiments 3 and 4 showed decrements in memory performance even when integrated objects of low- and high-level stimuli were maintained in memory, compared to maintaining single-dimension objects. Overall, the results demonstrate that low- and high-level visual dimensions compete for the same limited memory capacity, and offer a more comprehensive view of VSTM.

Variable energy constant current accelerator structure

DOEpatents

Anderson, Oscar A.

1990-01-01

A variable energy, constant current ion beam accelerator structure is disclosed comprising an ion source capable of providing the desired ions, a pre-accelerator for establishing an initial energy level, a matching/pumping module having means for focusing means for maintaining the beam current, and at least one main accelerator module for continuing beam focus, with means capable of variably imparting acceleration to the beam so that a constant beam output current is maintained independent of the variable output energy. In a preferred embodiment, quadrupole electrodes are provided in both the matching/pumping module and the one or more accelerator modules, and are formed using four opposing cylinder electrodes which extend parallel to the beam axis and are spaced around the beam at 90.degree. intervals with opposing electrodes maintained at the same potential. Adjacent cylinder electrodes of the quadrupole structure are maintained at different potentials to thereby reshape the cross section of the charged particle beam to an ellipse in cross section at the mid point along each quadrupole electrode unit in the accelerator modules. The beam is maintained in focus by alternating the major axis of the ellipse along the x and y axis respectively at adjacent quadrupoles. In another embodiment, electrostatic ring electrodes may be utilized instead of the quadrupole electrodes.

Maintenance of reinforcement to address the chronic nature of drug addiction

PubMed Central

Silverman, Kenneth; DeFulio, Anthony; Sigurdsson, Sigurdur O.

2012-01-01

Background Drug addiction can be a chronic problem. Abstinence reinforcement can initiate drug abstinence, but as with other treatments many patients relapse after the intervention ends. Abstinence reinforcement can be maintained to promote long-term drug abstinence, but practical means of implementing long-term abstinence reinforcement are needed. Methods We reviewed 8 clinical trials conducted in Baltimore, MD from 1996 through 2010 that evaluated the therapeutic workplace as a vehicle for maintaining reinforcement for the treatment of drug addiction. The therapeutic workplace uses employment-based reinforcement in which employees must provide objective evidence of drug abstinence or medication adherence to work and earn wages. Results Employment-based reinforcement can initiate (3 of 4 studies) and maintain (2 studies) cocaine abstinence in methadone patients, although relapse can occur even after long-term exposure to abstinence reinforcement (1 study). Employment-based reinforcement can also promote abstinence from alcohol in homeless alcohol dependent adults (1 study), and maintain adherence to extended-release naltrexone in opioid dependent adults (2 studies). Conclusion Treatments should seek to promote life-long effects in patients. Therapeutic reinforcement may need to be maintained indefinitely to prevent relapse. Workplaces could be effective vehicles for the maintenance of therapeutic reinforcement contingencies for drug abstinence and adherence to addiction medications. PMID:22668883

Holding multiple items in short term memory: a neural mechanism.

PubMed

Rolls, Edmund T; Dempere-Marco, Laura; Deco, Gustavo

2013-01-01

Human short term memory has a capacity of several items maintained simultaneously. We show how the number of short term memory representations that an attractor network modeling a cortical local network can simultaneously maintain active is increased by using synaptic facilitation of the type found in the prefrontal cortex. We have been able to maintain 9 short term memories active simultaneously in integrate-and-fire simulations where the proportion of neurons in each population, the sparseness, is 0.1, and have confirmed the stability of such a system with mean field analyses. Without synaptic facilitation the system can maintain many fewer memories active in the same network. The system operates because of the effectively increased synaptic strengths formed by the synaptic facilitation just for those pools to which the cue is applied, and then maintenance of this synaptic facilitation in just those pools when the cue is removed by the continuing neuronal firing in those pools. The findings have implications for understanding how several items can be maintained simultaneously in short term memory, how this may be relevant to the implementation of language in the brain, and suggest new approaches to understanding and treating the decline in short term memory that can occur with normal aging.

Surface treatments and coatings to maintain fresh-cut mango quality in storage.

PubMed

Plotto, Anne; Narciso, Jan A; Rattanapanone, Nithiya; Baldwin, Elizabeth A

2010-10-01

Edible coatings may extend fresh-cut fruit storage by preventing moisture loss and decreasing gas exchange. This study evaluated the effect of an antibrowning dip (calcium ascorbate, citric acid and N-acetyl-L-cysteine), followed or not with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) or carrageenan coatings on quality of fresh-cut mangoes stored at 5 °C for up to 20 days. A fourth treatment, only used in one of four experiments, consisted of chitosan. Treatments were applied on 'Tommy Atkins', 'Kent' and 'Keitt' mangoes harvested from Homestead (FL), and on imported store-bought mangoes. The antibrowning dips maintained the best visual quality during storage for all cultivars, as indicated by higher b*, hue and L*. The CMC coating maintained similar visual quality, but carrageenan or chitosan decreased L* and b*. The antibrowning dip containing calcium ascorbate reduced firmness loss on cut pieces of 'Keitt', 'Kent' and store-bought mangoes. The antibrowning treatment maintained higher titratable acidity for 'Kent' and 'Keitt', resulting in lower sensory sweetness. This study with repeated experiments showed that calcium ascorbate with citric acid and N-acetyl-L-cysteine maintained cut mango slices attractiveness in storage by keeping light color in both varieties. The addition of a polysaccharide coating did not consistently improve quality.

Holding Multiple Items in Short Term Memory: A Neural Mechanism

PubMed Central

Rolls, Edmund T.; Dempere-Marco, Laura; Deco, Gustavo

2013-01-01

Human short term memory has a capacity of several items maintained simultaneously. We show how the number of short term memory representations that an attractor network modeling a cortical local network can simultaneously maintain active is increased by using synaptic facilitation of the type found in the prefrontal cortex. We have been able to maintain 9 short term memories active simultaneously in integrate-and-fire simulations where the proportion of neurons in each population, the sparseness, is 0.1, and have confirmed the stability of such a system with mean field analyses. Without synaptic facilitation the system can maintain many fewer memories active in the same network. The system operates because of the effectively increased synaptic strengths formed by the synaptic facilitation just for those pools to which the cue is applied, and then maintenance of this synaptic facilitation in just those pools when the cue is removed by the continuing neuronal firing in those pools. The findings have implications for understanding how several items can be maintained simultaneously in short term memory, how this may be relevant to the implementation of language in the brain, and suggest new approaches to understanding and treating the decline in short term memory that can occur with normal aging. PMID:23613789

Effects of GABAergic modulators on food and cocaine self-administration in baboons.

PubMed

Weerts, Elise M; Froestl, Wolfgang; Griffiths, Roland R

2005-12-12

Drugs that indirectly alter dopaminergic systems may alter the reinforcing effects of cocaine. The inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has extensive neural connections in mesolimbic regions that appear to modulate dopamine. The current study evaluated the effects of GABA(B) receptor agonists baclofen and CGP44532, the benzodiazepine agonist alprazolam, and the GABA reuptake inhibitor tiagabine on lever responding maintained by low dose cocaine injections (0.032 mg/kg) or by food pellet (1 g) delivery in baboons. The benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil was tested as a negative control. Cocaine or food was available under a fixed ratio (FR 10) schedule of reinforcement during daily 2-h sessions. During baseline conditions, cocaine and pellets maintained similar numbers of reinforcers per session. Baclofen, CGP44532 and tiagabine dose-dependently reduced the number of cocaine injections, where as the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil did not. Baclofen, CGP44532 and tiagabine also produced dose-related decreases in food-maintained behavior. In contrast, the benzodiazepine agonist alprazolam, which positively modulates GABA(A) receptors via the benzodiazepine site, produced decreases in cocaine self-injection, but not food-maintained behavior. Thus, the effects of alprazolam were specific for cocaine-maintained behavior, where as the effects of baclofen and CGP44532 were not.

Weight maintenance, behaviors and barriers among previous participants of a university-based weight control program.

PubMed

Befort, C A; Stewart, E E; Smith, B K; Gibson, C A; Sullivan, D K; Donnelly, J E

2008-03-01

To examine weight loss maintenance among previous participants of a university-based behavioral weight management program and to compare behavioral strategies and perceived barriers between successful and unsuccessful maintainers. Previous program participants (n=179) completed mailed surveys assessing current weight, weight control behaviors and perceived barriers to weight loss maintenance. At 14.1+/-10.8 months following completion of treatment, survey respondents were on average 12.6+/-12.6 kg, or 11.3+/-10.7%, below baseline weight; 76.5% of respondents had successfully maintained weight, defined as maintaining a weight loss of at least 5% below baseline. Compared to unsuccessful maintainers, successful maintainers reported practicing four dietary and three physical activity weight control strategies more often and experiencing five barriers to healthy eating and exercise less often. After accounting for time since treatment and maximum weight loss while in treatment, the strongest correlates of successful weight loss maintenance were frequent exercise and perceived difficulty of weight management. Clinically meaningful weight loss maintenance was achieved by the majority of participants. Findings support the literature indicating that physical activity is one of the strongest predictors of successful weight loss maintenance. Findings also suggest that strategies to reduce the level of perceived effort required for long-term weight control may improve maintenance outcomes.

Fibroblast Viability after Storage at 20 °C in Milk, Hank's Balanced Salt Solution and Coconut Water.

PubMed

Souza, Beatriz Dulcineia Mendes de; Alves, Ana Maria Hecke; Santos, Luciane Geanini Pena Dos; Simões, Claudia Maria de Oliveira; Felippe, Wilson Tadeu; Felippe, Mara Cristina Santos

2016-01-01

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of various storage media at 20 °C in maintaining the viability of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLF) over time. HPLF were maintained at 20 °C in skim milk (SM), whole milk (WM), freshly prepared Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), Save-A-Tooth(r), natural coconut water (NCW), coconut water industrialized (ICW) and tap water (negative control) for 3, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h. Cells maintained in Minimal Essential Medium (MEM-37) at 37 °C served as a positive control. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Statistical analysis was performed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Scheffe test (α = 5%). From 24 h, NCW was significantly better in maintaining cell viability than all other tested storage media (p<0.05). SM and WM were significantly better than HBSS for up to 72 h. Save-A-Tooth(r) and ICW were the worst conservation storage media. In conclusion, the effectiveness of the tested storage media to maintain the viability of the periodontal ligament cells was as follows, in a descending order: NCW > MEM-37> SM and IM> HBSS> ICW > Save-A-Tooth(r)> tap water.

Techniques for establishing schedules with wheel running as reinforcement in rats.

PubMed

Iversen, I H

1993-07-01

In three experiments, access to wheel running was contingent on lever pressing. In each experiment, the duration of access to running was reduced gradually to 4, 5, or 6 s, and the schedule parameters were expanded gradually. The sessions lasted 2 hr. In Experiment 1, a fixed-ratio 20 schedule controlled a typical break-and-run pattern of lever pressing that was maintained throughout the session for 3 rats. In Experiment 2, a fixed-interval schedule of 6 min maintained lever pressing throughout the session for 3 rats, and for 1 rat, the rate of lever pressing was positively accelerated between reinforcements. In Experiment 3, a variable-ratio schedule of 20 or 35 was in effect and maintained lever pressing at a very stable pace throughout the session for 2 of 3 rats; for 1 rat, lever pressing was maintained at an irregular rate. When the session duration was extended to successive 24-hr periods, with food and water accessible in Experiment 3, lever pressing settled into a periodic pattern occurring at a high rate at approximately the same time each day. In each experiment, the rats that developed the highest local rates of running during wheel access also maintained the most stable and highest rates of lever pressing.

Yield and Economic Responses of Peanut to Crop Rotation Sequence

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

National Peanut Research Laboratory, Dawson, GA 39842. Proper crop rotation is essential to maintaining high peanut yield and quality. However, the economic considerations of maintaining or altering crop rotation sequences must incorporate the commodity prices, production costs, and yield responses...

Minding Rachlin's Eliminative Materialism

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McDowell, J. J.

2012-01-01

Rachlin's teleological behaviorism eliminates the first-person ontology of conscious experience by identifying mental states with extended patterns of behavior, and thereby maintains the materialist ontology of science. An alternate view, informed by brain-based and externalist philosophies of mind, is shown also to maintain the materialist…

Photocopy of photograph (digital image maintained in LBNL Photo Lab ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photocopy of photograph (digital image maintained in LBNL Photo Lab Collection, XBD200503-00117-176). March 2005. CENTRAL COLUMN SUPPORT TO ROOF SHOWING CRANES CENTER SUPPORT TRACK, BEVATRON - University of California Radiation Laboratory, Bevatron, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, Alameda County, CA

Small mammal herbivory: Feedbacks that help maintain desertified ecosystems

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

We tested the hypothesis that herbivores contribute to feedbacks maintaining arid ecosystems in a degraded state. We studied small mammal herbivory on a subshrub, broom snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae), and perennial grasses at three sites: (1) ungrazed black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda) grassland; (...

15 CFR 4.33 - General exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... knowledge of criminal activity and the evidentiary bases of possible enforcement actions, and to maintain... knowledge of criminal activity and the evidentiary bases of possible enforcement actions, and to maintain... the integrity of the law enforcement process, to avoid premature disclosure of the knowledge of...

Procedures for establishing and maintaining permanent plots for silvicultural and yield research.

Treesearch

Robert O. Curtis

1983-01-01

This paper reviews procedures for establishing and maintaining permanent plots for silvicultural and yield research; discusses purposes, sampling, and plot design; points out common errors; and makes recommendations for research plot designs and procedures for measuring and recording data.

7 CFR 2.24 - Assistant Secretary for Administration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

.... (iii) Maintain overall responsibility and control over the Hearing Clerk's activities which include the custody of and responsibility for the control, maintenance, and servicing of the original and permanent..., maintaining, and disposing of real and personal property, including control of space assignments; (B...