Fibroblast proliferation alters cardiac excitation conduction and contraction: a computational study*

PubMed Central

Zhan, He-qing; Xia, Ling; Shou, Guo-fa; Zang, Yun-liang; Liu, Feng; Crozier, Stuart

2014-01-01

In this study, the effects of cardiac fibroblast proliferation on cardiac electric excitation conduction and mechanical contraction were investigated using a proposed integrated myocardial-fibroblastic electromechanical model. At the cellular level, models of the human ventricular myocyte and fibroblast were modified to incorporate a model of cardiac mechanical contraction and cooperativity mechanisms. Cellular electromechanical coupling was realized with a calcium buffer. At the tissue level, electrical excitation conduction was coupled to an elastic mechanics model in which the finite difference method (FDM) was used to solve electrical excitation equations, and the finite element method (FEM) was used to solve mechanics equations. The electromechanical properties of the proposed integrated model were investigated in one or two dimensions under normal and ischemic pathological conditions. Fibroblast proliferation slowed wave propagation, induced a conduction block, decreased strains in the fibroblast proliferous tissue, and increased dispersions in depolarization, repolarization, and action potential duration (APD). It also distorted the wave-front, leading to the initiation and maintenance of re-entry, and resulted in a sustained contraction in the proliferous areas. This study demonstrated the important role that fibroblast proliferation plays in modulating cardiac electromechanical behaviour and which should be considered in planning future heart-modeling studies. PMID:24599687

NASA Puffin Electric Tailsitter VTOL Concept

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moore, Mark D.

2010-01-01

Electric propulsion offers dramatic new vehicle mission capabilities, not possible with turbine or reciprocating engines; including high reliability and efficiency, low engine weight and maintenance, low cooling drag and volume required, very low noise and vibration, and zero emissions. The only penalizing characteristic of electric propulsion is the current energy storage technology level, which is set to triple over the next 5-10 years through huge new investments in this field. Most importantly, electric propulsion offers incredible new degrees of freedom in aircraft system integration to achieve unprecedented levels of aerodynamic, propulsive, control, and structural synergistic coupling. A unique characteristic of electric propulsion is that the technology is nearly scale-free, permitting small motors to be parallelized for fail-safe redundancy, or distributed across the airframe for tightly coupled interdisciplinary functionality without significant impacts in motor-controller efficiency or specific weight. Maximizing the potential benefit of electric propulsion is dependent on applying this technology to synergistic mission concepts. The vehicle missions with the most benefit include those which constrain environmental impact (or limit noise, exhaust, or emission signatures) are short range, or where large differences exist in the propulsion system sizing between takeoff and cruise conditions. Electric propulsion offers the following unique capabilities that other propulsion systems can t provide for short range Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL) aircraft; elimination of engine noise and emissions, drastic reduction in engine cooling and radiated heat, drastic reduction in vehicle vibration levels, drastic improvement in reliability and operating costs, variable speed output at full power, for improved cruise efficiency at low tip-speed, elimination of high/hot sizing penalty, and reduction of engine-out penalties.

46 CFR 111.01-1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS General § 111.01-1 General. (a) Electric installations on vessels must ensure: (1) Maintenance of services... persons, and the vessel from electrical hazards. (3) Maintenance of system integrity through compliance...

46 CFR 111.01-1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS General § 111.01-1 General. (a) Electric installations on vessels must ensure: (1) Maintenance of services... persons, and the vessel from electrical hazards. (3) Maintenance of system integrity through compliance...

46 CFR 111.01-1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS General § 111.01-1 General. (a) Electric installations on vessels must ensure: (1) Maintenance of services... persons, and the vessel from electrical hazards. (3) Maintenance of system integrity through compliance...

Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching reveals regulation and distribution of connexin36 gap junction coupling within mouse islets of Langerhans

PubMed Central

Farnsworth, Nikki L; Hemmati, Alireza; Pozzoli, Marina; Benninger, Richard K P

2014-01-01

The pancreatic islets are central to the maintenance of glucose homeostasis through insulin secretion. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion is tightly linked to electrical activity in β cells within the islet. Gap junctions, composed of connexin36 (Cx36), form intercellular channels between β cells, synchronizing electrical activity and insulin secretion. Loss of gap junction coupling leads to altered insulin secretion dynamics and disrupted glucose homeostasis. Gap junction coupling is known to be disrupted in mouse models of pre-diabetes. Although approaches to measure gap junction coupling have been devised, they either lack cell specificity, suitable quantification of coupling or spatial resolution, or are invasive. The purpose of this study was to develop fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) as a technique to accurately and robustly measure gap junction coupling in the islet. The cationic dye Rhodamine 123 was used with FRAP to quantify dye diffusion between islet β cells as a measure of Cx36 gap junction coupling. Measurements in islets with reduced Cx36 verified the accuracy of this technique in distinguishing between distinct levels of gap junction coupling. Analysis of individual cells revealed that the distribution of coupling across the islet is highly heterogeneous. Analysis of several modulators of gap junction coupling revealed glucose- and cAMP-dependent modulation of gap junction coupling in islets. Finally, FRAP was used to determine cell population specific coupling, where no functional gap junction coupling was observed between α cells and β cells in the islet. The results of this study show FRAP to be a robust technique which provides the cellular resolution to quantify the distribution and regulation of Cx36 gap junction coupling in specific cell populations within the islet. Future studies utilizing this technique may elucidate the role of gap junction coupling in the progression of diabetes and identify mechanisms of gap junction regulation for potential therapies. PMID:25172942

Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching reveals regulation and distribution of connexin36 gap junction coupling within mouse islets of Langerhans.

PubMed

Farnsworth, Nikki L; Hemmati, Alireza; Pozzoli, Marina; Benninger, Richard K P

2014-10-15

The pancreatic islets are central to the maintenance of glucose homeostasis through insulin secretion. Glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion is tightly linked to electrical activity in β cells within the islet. Gap junctions, composed of connexin36 (Cx36), form intercellular channels between β cells, synchronizing electrical activity and insulin secretion. Loss of gap junction coupling leads to altered insulin secretion dynamics and disrupted glucose homeostasis. Gap junction coupling is known to be disrupted in mouse models of pre‐diabetes. Although approaches to measure gap junction coupling have been devised, they either lack cell specificity, suitable quantification of coupling or spatial resolution, or are invasive. The purpose of this study was to develop fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) as a technique to accurately and robustly measure gap junction coupling in the islet. The cationic dye Rhodamine 123 was used with FRAP to quantify dye diffusion between islet β cells as a measure of Cx36 gap junction coupling. Measurements in islets with reduced Cx36 verified the accuracy of this technique in distinguishing between distinct levels of gap junction coupling. Analysis of individual cells revealed that the distribution of coupling across the islet is highly heterogeneous. Analysis of several modulators of gap junction coupling revealed glucose‐ and cAMP‐dependent modulation of gap junction coupling in islets. Finally, FRAP was used to determine cell population specific coupling, where no functional gap junction coupling was observed between α cells and β cells in the islet. The results of this study show FRAP to be a robust technique which provides the cellular resolution to quantify the distribution and regulation of Cx36 gap junction coupling in specific cell populations within the islet. Future studies utilizing this technique may elucidate the role of gap junction coupling in the progression of diabetes and identify mechanisms of gap junction regulation for potential therapies.

30 CFR 75.505 - Mines classed gassy; use and maintenance of permissible electric face equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... permissible electric face equipment. 75.505 Section 75.505 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH... Electrical Equipment-General § 75.505 Mines classed gassy; use and maintenance of permissible electric face... provision of law and was required to use permissible electric face equipment and to maintain such equipment...

30 CFR 75.505 - Mines classed gassy; use and maintenance of permissible electric face equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... permissible electric face equipment. 75.505 Section 75.505 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH... Electrical Equipment-General § 75.505 Mines classed gassy; use and maintenance of permissible electric face... provision of law and was required to use permissible electric face equipment and to maintain such equipment...

30 CFR 75.505 - Mines classed gassy; use and maintenance of permissible electric face equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... permissible electric face equipment. 75.505 Section 75.505 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH... Electrical Equipment-General § 75.505 Mines classed gassy; use and maintenance of permissible electric face... provision of law and was required to use permissible electric face equipment and to maintain such equipment...

30 CFR 75.505 - Mines classed gassy; use and maintenance of permissible electric face equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... permissible electric face equipment. 75.505 Section 75.505 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH... Electrical Equipment-General § 75.505 Mines classed gassy; use and maintenance of permissible electric face... provision of law and was required to use permissible electric face equipment and to maintain such equipment...

30 CFR 75.505 - Mines classed gassy; use and maintenance of permissible electric face equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... permissible electric face equipment. 75.505 Section 75.505 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH... Electrical Equipment-General § 75.505 Mines classed gassy; use and maintenance of permissible electric face... provision of law and was required to use permissible electric face equipment and to maintain such equipment...

30 CFR 75.503 - Permissible electric face equipment; maintenance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Permissible electric face equipment...-General § 75.503 Permissible electric face equipment; maintenance. [Statutory Provisions] The operator of each coal mine shall maintain in permissible condition all electric face equipment required by §§ 75...

30 CFR 75.503 - Permissible electric face equipment; maintenance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Permissible electric face equipment...-General § 75.503 Permissible electric face equipment; maintenance. [Statutory Provisions] The operator of each coal mine shall maintain in permissible condition all electric face equipment required by §§ 75...

30 CFR 75.503 - Permissible electric face equipment; maintenance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Permissible electric face equipment...-General § 75.503 Permissible electric face equipment; maintenance. [Statutory Provisions] The operator of each coal mine shall maintain in permissible condition all electric face equipment required by §§ 75...

30 CFR 75.503 - Permissible electric face equipment; maintenance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Permissible electric face equipment...-General § 75.503 Permissible electric face equipment; maintenance. [Statutory Provisions] The operator of each coal mine shall maintain in permissible condition all electric face equipment required by §§ 75...

30 CFR 75.503 - Permissible electric face equipment; maintenance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Permissible electric face equipment...-General § 75.503 Permissible electric face equipment; maintenance. [Statutory Provisions] The operator of each coal mine shall maintain in permissible condition all electric face equipment required by §§ 75...

Electrical Procedures and Environmental Control Systems. Building Maintenance. Module IV. Instructor's Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sloan, Garry

This curriculum guide, one of six modules keyed to the building maintenance competency profile developed by industry and education professionals, provides materials for two units on electrical procedures and environmental control systems. Unit 1, on electrical procedures, includes the following lessons: electrical safety; troubleshooting and…

30 CFR 75.506-1 - Electric face equipment; permissible condition; maintenance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Electric face equipment; permissible condition... Equipment-General § 75.506-1 Electric face equipment; permissible condition; maintenance requirements. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, electric face equipment which meets the requirements...

30 CFR 75.506-1 - Electric face equipment; permissible condition; maintenance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Electric face equipment; permissible condition... Equipment-General § 75.506-1 Electric face equipment; permissible condition; maintenance requirements. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, electric face equipment which meets the requirements...

30 CFR 75.506-1 - Electric face equipment; permissible condition; maintenance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Electric face equipment; permissible condition... Equipment-General § 75.506-1 Electric face equipment; permissible condition; maintenance requirements. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, electric face equipment which meets the requirements...

30 CFR 75.506-1 - Electric face equipment; permissible condition; maintenance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Electric face equipment; permissible condition... Equipment-General § 75.506-1 Electric face equipment; permissible condition; maintenance requirements. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, electric face equipment which meets the requirements...

30 CFR 75.506-1 - Electric face equipment; permissible condition; maintenance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Electric face equipment; permissible condition... Equipment-General § 75.506-1 Electric face equipment; permissible condition; maintenance requirements. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, electric face equipment which meets the requirements...

78 FR 50026 - Basin Electric Power Cooperative, Inc.: Notice of Intent To Prepare a Supplemental Draft...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-16

... transmission lines, 5 new substations, modifications to 4 existing substations, maintenance access roads... address the construction, operation, and maintenance of Basin Electric's proposed Project. The Project includes construction, operation and maintenance of approximately 275 [[Page 50027

30 CFR 77.516 - Electric wiring and equipment; installation and maintenance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Electric wiring and equipment; installation and... OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Electrical Equipment-General § 77.516 Electric wiring and equipment; installation and maintenance. In addition to the requirements of §§ 77.503 and 77.506, all wiring and...

The heart as a self-regulating system: integration of homeodynamic mechanisms.

PubMed

Kresh, J Y; Armour, J A

1997-04-01

In the past the study of mechanical and electrical properties of the heart has been disjointed with minimal overlap and unification. The fact remains that these features are tightly coupled and central to the functioning heart. The maintenance of adequate cardiac output relies upon the highly integrated autoregulatory mechanisms and modulation of cardiac myocyte function. Regional ventricular mechanics and energetics are dependent upon muscle fiber stress-strain rate, the passive properties of myocardial collagen matrix, adequate vascular perfusion, transcapillary transport and electrical activation pattern. Intramural hydraulic "loading" is regulated by coronary arterial and venous dynamics. All of these components are under the constant influence of intrinsic cardiac and extracardiac autonomic neurons, as well as circulating hormones. A brief overview of the putative regulation of these various components is presented in this paper.

46 CFR 129.200 - Design, installation, and maintenance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Design, installation, and maintenance. 129.200 Section 129.200 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS General Requirements § 129.200 Design, installation, and maintenance. Electrical equipment on a vessel must be designed,...

46 CFR 129.200 - Design, installation, and maintenance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Design, installation, and maintenance. 129.200 Section 129.200 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS General Requirements § 129.200 Design, installation, and maintenance. Electrical equipment on a vessel must be designed,...

Conflict, negative emotion, and reports of partners' relationship maintenance in same-sex couples.

PubMed

Ogolsky, Brian G; Gray, Christine R

2016-03-01

The literature on relationship maintenance has focused primarily on the beneficial outcomes of maintenance, and, as a result, little is known about relational processes that may interfere with reports of partners' maintenance. The authors examine how daily conflict influences individuals' reports of their partners' maintenance, and how a constructive communication style buffers this influence by reducing negative emotion on conflict days. In a daily diary study of 98 same-sex couples in romantic relationships, they found that the negative association between conflict and reports of a partner's relationship maintenance was mediated by negative emotion. That is, there was an indirect effect by which daily conflict was associated with higher levels of daily negative emotion, which was associated with reports of lower levels of partners' relationship maintenance. This indirect effect was moderated by couples' overall level of constructive communication such that higher levels diminished the degree to which couples experienced negative emotion on days with episodes of relational conflict. The authors discuss results in the context of interpersonal theory and provide implications for clinicians and practitioners. (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

7 CFR 1730.21 - Inspections and tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... reliability and security of the electric power grid, cause significant risk to the safety and health of the... AGRICULTURE ELECTRIC SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Operations and Maintenance Requirements § 1730.21... parts of its electric system, annually exercise its ERP, and maintain records of such inspections and...

SUMMARY OF ELECTRIC SERVICE COSTS FOR TOTALLY AIR CONDITIONED SCHOOLS PREPARED FOR HOUSTON INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISTRICT, MAY 31, 1967.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

WHITESIDES, M.M.

THIS REPORT IS A COMPILATION OF DATA ON ELECTRIC AIR CONDITIONING COSTS, OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE. AIR CONDITIONING UNITS ARE COMPARED IN TERMS OF ELECTRIC VERSUS NON-ELECTRIC, AUTOMATIC VERSUS OPERATED, AIR COOLED VERSUS WATER COOLED, RECIPROCATING VERSUS CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS, SPACE AND NOISE, REHEAT, MAINTENANCE AND ORIGINAL COST. DATA ARE…

76 FR 67670 - Basin Electric Power Cooperative, Inc.: Notice of Intent To Prepare an Environmental Impact...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-02

..., modifications to 4 existing substations, a 345-kV switchyard, maintenance access roads, temporary construction... will address the construction, operation, and maintenance of Basin Electric's proposed Project. The Project includes construction, operation and maintenance of approximately 190 miles of new 345-kV single...

75 FR 61219 - Entergy Operations, Inc.; River Bend Station, Unit 1; Environmental Assessment and Finding of No...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-04

... Emergencies,'' for repair and corrective actions states that two individuals, one Mechanical Maintenance... actions will be taken to ensure basic electrical/l&C tasks can be performed by Mechanical Maintenance personnel. Mechanical Maintenance personnel will receive training in basic electrical and I&C tasks to...

14 CFR 121.1111 - Electrical wiring interconnection systems (EWIS) maintenance program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Electrical wiring interconnection systems... Airworthiness and Safety Improvements § 121.1111 Electrical wiring interconnection systems (EWIS) maintenance program. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (f) of this section, this section applies to transport...

7 CFR 1730.27 - Vulnerability and Risk Assessment (VRA).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ELECTRIC SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Operations and Maintenance... program loan as of October 12, 2004 shall perform an initial VRA of its electric system no later than July... its electric system in accordance with § 1730.27(a). (c) Each applicant that submits an application...

Electricity production from Azo dye wastewater using a microbial fuel cell coupled constructed wetland operating under different operating conditions.

PubMed

Fang, Zhou; Song, Hai-Liang; Cang, Ning; Li, Xian-Ning

2015-06-15

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have got tremendous attention for their capability to enhance the degradation of some recalcitrant pollutants and simultaneous electricity production. A microbial fuel cell coupled constructed wetland (CW-MFC) is a new device to treat the wastewater and produce energy which has more wastewater treatment volume and more easily to maintenance than others MFCs. The studies on the performance of CW-MFCs are necessary. In this work, the effects of hydraulic residence time (HRT), reactive brilliant red X-3B (ABRX3) proportion and COD concentration on the electricity production of CW-MFC and the degradation characteristics of ABRX3 were investigated. The decolorization rate and the electricity production increased to a peak before slowing down with the elongation of HRT. The highest decolorization rate and electricity production were obtained when HRT was 3 days. The ABRX3 proportion (calculated as COD) in the wastewater played an important role in decolorization and electricity production, which may influence the distribution of electrons in the system. The power density of CW-MFC and the decolorization rate decreased concomitantly with an increasing ABRX3 proportion. The COD concentration influenced the CW-MFC performance slightly. The highest decolorization rate and power density reached 95.6% and 0.852 W/m(3), respectively, when the COD concentration was 300 mg/L while the ABRX3 proportion was 30%. The coulombic efficiency of the CW-MFC depended on glucose and ABRX3 proportions in the wastewater. ABRX3 acquired more electrons than the anode. Further investigations are needed to optimize CW-MFC performance and explain the mechanism of biorefractory compounds degradation and electron motion in CW-MFCs. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

77 FR 22061 - FTA Section 5307 Urbanized Area Formula Program: Allocation of Funding Caps for Treating Fuel and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-12

... Propulsion as a Capital Maintenance Expense AGENCY: Federal Transit Administration (FTA), DOT. ACTION: Notice... for the propulsion of electrical vehicles, as a capital maintenance item for grants made in FY 2012... utility costs for the propulsion of electrical vehicles, as a capital maintenance item for grants made in...

Operations and Maintenance May Newsletter | Poster

Cancer.gov

Occurring without notice, unscheduled utility outages (mainly electrical) are abrupt and create a nuisance. During an unscheduled electrical power outage, the Operations and Maintenance (O&M) department will monitor stand-by generators for proper operation.

Hybrid electric vehicles and electrochemical storage systems — a technology push-pull couple

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gutmann, Günter

In the advance of fuel cell electric vehicles (EV), hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) can contribute to reduced emissions and energy consumption of personal cars as a short term solution. Trade-offs reveal better emission control for series hybrid vehicles, while parallel hybrid vehicles with different drive trains may significantly reduce fuel consumption as well. At present, costs and marketing considerations favor parallel hybrid vehicles making use of small, high power batteries. With ultra high power density cells in development, exceeding 1 kW/kg, high power batteries can be provided by adapting a technology closely related to consumer cell production. Energy consumption and emissions may benefit from regenerative braking and smoothing of the internal combustion engine (ICE) response as well, with limited additional battery weight. High power supercapacitors may assist the achievement of this goal. Problems to be solved in practice comprise battery management to assure equilibration of individual cell state-of-charge for long battery life without maintenance, and efficient strategies for low energy consumption.

Introducing GEOPHIRES v2.0: Updated Geothermal Techno-Economic Simulation Tool: Preprint

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Beckers, Koenraad J; McCabe, Kevin

This paper presents an updated version of the geothermal techno-economic simulation tool GEOPHIRES (GEOthermal Energy for Production of Heat and electricity (IR) Economically Simulated). GEOPHIRES combines reservoir, wellbore, surface plant and economic models to estimate the capital, and operation and maintenance costs, lifetime energy production, and overall levelized cost of energy of a geothermal plant. The available end-use options are electricity, direct-use heat and cogeneration. The main updates in the new version include conversion of the source code from FORTRAN to Python, the option to couple to an external reservoir simulator, updated cost correlations, and more flexibility in selecting themore » time step and number of injection and production wells. An overview of all the updates and two case-studies to illustrate the tool's new capabilities are provided in this paper.« less

20 CFR 416.1147 - How we value in-kind support and maintenance for a couple.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false How we value in-kind support and maintenance for a couple. 416.1147 Section 416.1147 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Income In-Kind Support and Maintenance in...

20 CFR 416.1147 - How we value in-kind support and maintenance for a couple.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false How we value in-kind support and maintenance for a couple. 416.1147 Section 416.1147 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Income In-Kind Support and Maintenance in...

AUTOMOTIVE DIESEL MAINTENANCE 2. UNIT XI, INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL MAINTENANCE FOR OFF-HIGHWAY VEHICLES.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Human Engineering Inst., Cleveland, OH.

THIS MODULE OF A 25-MODULE COURSE IS DESIGNED TO FAMILIARIZE THE TRAINEE WITH THE FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM AS THEY RELATE TO DIESEL POWERED EQUIPMENT. TOPICS ARE (1) FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM, (2) ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS, (3) MAGNETIC FORCE ON A CONDUCTOR, (4) ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION, (5) OHM'S LAW, (6) METER…

78 FR 33223 - Drawbridge Operation Regulation; York River, Between Yorktown and Gloucester Point, VA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-04

... deviation is necessary to facilitate electrical motor maintenance on the George P. Coleman Memorial Swing... out in 33 CFR 117.1025, to facilitate electric motor maintenance on the structure. Under the regular...

42 CFR 435.725 - Post-eligibility treatment of income of institutionalized individuals in SSI States: Application...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...) $60 a month for an institutionalized couple if both spouses are aged, blind, or disabled and their...) Optional deduction: Allowance for home maintenance. For single individuals and couples, an amount (in addition to the personal needs allowance) for maintenance of the individual's or couple's home if— (1) The...

42 CFR 435.733 - Post-eligibility treatment of income of institutionalized individuals in States using more...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Medicaid on the basis of blindness or disability; (ii) $60 a month for an institutionalized couple if both... home maintenance. For single individuals and couples, an amount (in addition to the personal needs allowance) for maintenance of the individual's or couple's home if— (1) The amount is deducted for not more...

42 CFR 436.832 - Post-eligibility treatment of income of institutionalized individuals: Application of patient...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Medicaid on the basis of blindness or disability; (ii) $60 a month for an institutionalized couple if both... deduction: Allowance for home maintenance. For single individuals and couples, an amount (in addition to the personal needs allowance) for maintenance of the individual's or couple's home if— (1) The amount is...

Electrical coupling regulates layer 1 interneuron microcircuit formation in the neocortex

PubMed Central

Yao, Xing-Hua; Wang, Min; He, Xiang-Nan; He, Fei; Zhang, Shu-Qing; Lu, Wenlian; Qiu, Zi-Long; Yu, Yong-Chun

2016-01-01

The coexistence of electrical and chemical synapses among interneurons is essential for interneuron function in the neocortex. However, it remains largely unclear whether electrical coupling between interneurons influences chemical synapse formation and microcircuit assembly during development. Here, we show that electrical and GABAergic chemical connections robustly develop between interneurons in neocortical layer 1 over a similar time course. Electrical coupling promotes action potential generation and synchronous firing between layer 1 interneurons. Furthermore, electrically coupled interneurons exhibit strong GABA-A receptor-mediated synchronous synaptic activity. Disruption of electrical coupling leads to a loss of bidirectional, but not unidirectional, GABAergic connections. Moreover, a reduction in electrical coupling induces an increase in excitatory synaptic inputs to layer 1 interneurons. Together, these findings strongly suggest that electrical coupling between neocortical interneurons plays a critical role in regulating chemical synapse development and precise formation of circuits. PMID:27510304

Electrical Mechanical Maintenance. Instructor's Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Santa Clara County Superintendent of Schools, San Jose, CA.

This instructor's guide describes the development of a sixteen-week postsecondary course in electrical mechanical maintenance. Following introductory sections that provide background information and a course summary, the third section describes the instructional model used in the course. Section 4 presents an overview of instructional media used…

18 CFR 367.5000 - Accounts 500-598, Electric operation and maintenance accounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Accounts 500-598... Accounts 500-598, Electric operation and maintenance accounts. Service companies must use accounts 500 through 598 in part 101 of this chapter. ...

18 CFR 367.5000 - Accounts 500-598, Electric operation and maintenance accounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Accounts 500-598... Accounts 500-598, Electric operation and maintenance accounts. Service companies must use accounts 500 through 598 in part 101 of this chapter. ...

18 CFR 367.5000 - Accounts 500-598, Electric operation and maintenance accounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Accounts 500-598... Accounts 500-598, Electric operation and maintenance accounts. Service companies must use accounts 500 through 598 in part 101 of this chapter. ...

18 CFR 367.5000 - Accounts 500-598, Electric operation and maintenance accounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Accounts 500-598... Accounts 500-598, Electric operation and maintenance accounts. Service companies must use accounts 500 through 598 in part 101 of this chapter. ...

18 CFR 367.5000 - Accounts 500-598, Electric operation and maintenance accounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Accounts 500-598... Accounts 500-598, Electric operation and maintenance accounts. Service companies must use accounts 500 through 598 in part 101 of this chapter. ...

Aviation Maintenance Technology. General. G105 Aviation Electricity and Electronics. Instructor Material.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Board of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

These instructor materials for an aviation maintenance technology course contain five instructional modules. The modules cover the following topics: determining the relationship of voltage, current, resistance, and power in electrical circuits; computing and measuring capacitance and inductance; measuring voltage, current, resistance, and…

Electrical Maintenance Technician.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Center on Education and Training for Employment.

This document contains 30 units to consider for use in a tech prep competency profile for the occupation of electrical maintenance technician. All the units listed will not necessarily apply to every situation or tech prep consortium, nor will all the competencies within each unit be appropriate. Several units appear within each specific…

Infrared Scanning For Electrical Maintenance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eisenbath, Steven E.

1983-03-01

Given the technological age that we have now entered, the purpose of this paper is to relate how infrared scanning can be used for an electrical preventative maintenance program. An infrared scanner is able to produce an image because objects give off infrared radiation in relationship to their temperature. Most electrical problems will show up as an increase in temperature, thereby making the infrared scanner a useful preventative maintenance tool. Because of the sensitivity of most of the scanners, .1 to .2 of a degree, virtually all electrical problems can be pinpointed long before they become a costly failure. One of the early uses of infrared scanning was to check the power company's electrical distribution system. Most of this was performed via aircraft or truck mounted scanning devices which necessitated its semi-permanent mounting. With the advent of small hand held infrared imagers, along with more portability of the larger systems, infrared scanning has gained more popularity in checking electrical distribution systems. But the distribution systems are now a scaled down model, mainly the in-plant electrical systems. By in-plant, I mean any distribution of electricity; once it leaves the power company's grid. This can be in a hospital, retail outlet, warehouse or manufacturing facility.

Recent Technology of Sensing, Monitoring, Diagnosis, and Maintenance for Aged Electric Power and Energy System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matsumoto, Satoshi

This paper deals with the recent topics related to sensing, monitoring, and diagnosis for electric power equipment. Moreover the risk management for such equipments has been an object of study in many terms such as economical, technical aspects, safety and rest, CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) etc. The relationship between the function of the economic engineering and the maintenance strategy for electric power system are reviewed.

Movable bridge maintenance monitoring.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-10-01

Movable bridges have particular maintenance issues, which cost considerably more than those of fixed bridges, : mostly because of the complex interaction of the mechanical, electrical and structural components. In order to track : maintenance and ope...

Remote Education Using Web Conference System in a Company of Coin Parking Business

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yoshioka, Yoshio; Mito, Hiroyuki; Azuma, Kouji

Maintenance jobs at coin parking places (CP) are very important for keeping trouble free operation. Such maintenance jobs include special inspection at the initiation of new CP and ordinal maintenance works. In order to level up the skill of maintenance people in the company, education of the basic knowlege of electricity, facility and maintenance skills are required. We made an original text for maintenance people, and practiced education by use of web conference system, because they are distributed in whole country, This paper describes a content of text on fundamental knowledge of electricity, facility of coin parking system and trouble experiences, and also a practice of remote education using web conference system. Problems of remote education which were found by practice and the future education plan of practical skill are also described.

Industrial Electrical Maintenance Learning Guides and Task Listing by Occupational Titles.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whitmer, Melvin

Seven student learning guides are provided for an industrial electrical maintenance program at the secondary, postsecondary, or adult level. Each learning guide is composed of these component parts: a title page that states the task, purpose, program and task numbers, estimated time, and prerequisites; an optional learning contract that includes…

Wheeled Vehicle Electrical Systems. Military Curriculum Materials for Vocational and Technical Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Army Ordnance Center and School, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD.

This course is one of several subcourses that make up the entire Army correspondence course on wheeled vehicle maintenance. The subcourse is designed to provide the student with information about the operation, malfunction diagnosis, maintenance, and repair of wheeled vehicle electrical systems. It provides the basic theory, and also includes…

Building Maintenance and Repair Data for Life-Cycle Cost Analyses: Electrical Systems.

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-05-01

Repair Data for Life-Cycle Cost Analyses: Electrical Systems by Edgar S. Neely Robert D. Neathammer James R. Stirn Robert P. Winkler This research...systems have been developed to assist planners in preparing DD Form 1391 documentation, designers in life-cycle cost component selection, and maintainers...Maintenance and Repair Data for Life-Cycle Cost Analyses: RDTE dated 1980 Electrical Systems REIMB 1984 - 1989 6. AUTH4OR(S) Edgar S. Neely, Robert D

Project FOOTPRINT: Substation modeling and simulations for E1 pulses

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nelson, Scott D.; Larson, D. J.; Kirkendall, B. A.

This report includes a presentation with an: Introduction to CW coupling; Introduction to single-pulse coupling; Description of E1 waveforms; Structures in a substation yard --articulated (as part of the substation's defined electrical functionality)--unarticulated (not as part of the substation's defined electrical functionality); Coupling --electrical coupling (capacitive coupling) --magnetic coupling (inductive coupling); Connectivity to long-line transmission lines; Control infrastructure; Summary; and References.

Tritium-powered radiation sensor network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Litz, Marc S.; Russo, Johnny A.; Katsis, Dimos

2016-05-01

Isotope power supplies offer long-lived (100 years using 63Ni), low-power energy sources, enabling sensors or communications nodes for the lifetime of infrastructure. A tritium beta-source (12.5-year half-life) encapsulated in a phosphor-lined vial couples directly to a photovoltaic (PV) to generate a trickle current into an electrical load. An inexpensive design is described using commercial-of-the-shelf (COTS) components that generate 100 μWe for nextgeneration compact electronics/sensors. A matched radiation sensor has been built for long-duration missions utilizing microprocessor-controlled sleep modes, low-power electronic components, and a passive interrupt driven environmental wake-up. The low-power early-warning radiation detector network and isotope power source enables no-maintenance mission lifetimes.

Challenges in sensor development for the electric utility industry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ward, Barry H.

1999-01-01

The electric utility industry is reducing operating costs in order to prepare for deregulation. The reduction in operating cost has meant a reduction in manpower. The ability to utilize remaining maintenance staff more effectively and to stay competitive in a deregulated environment has therefore become critical. In recent years, the industry has moved away from routine or periodic maintenance to predictive or condition based maintenance. This requires the assessment of equipment condition by frequent testing and inspection; a requirement that is incompatible with cost reduction. To overcome this dilemma, industry trends are toward condition monitoring, whereby the health of apparatus is monitored continuously. This requires the installation of sensors hr transducers on power equipment and the data taken forwarded to an intelligent device for further processing. These devices then analyze the data and make evaluations based on parameter levels or trends, in an attempt to predict possible deterioration. This continuous monitoring allows the electric utility to schedule maintenance on an as needed basis. The industry has been faced with many challenges in sensor design. The measurement of physical, chemical and electrical parameters under extreme conditions of electric fields, magnetic fields, temperature, corrosion, etc. is extensive. This paper will give an overview of these challenges and the solutions adopted for apparatus such as power transformers, circuit breakers, boilers, cables, batteries, and rotating machinery.

Endocannabinoid Release Modulates Electrical Coupling between CCK Cells Connected via Chemical and Electrical Synapses in CA1

PubMed Central

Iball, Jonathan; Ali, Afia B.

2011-01-01

Electrical coupling between some subclasses of interneurons is thought to promote coordinated firing that generates rhythmic synchronous activity in cortical regions. Synaptic activity of cholecystokinin (CCK) interneurons which co-express cannabinoid type-1 (CB1) receptors are powerful modulators of network activity via the actions of endocannabinoids. We investigated the modulatory actions of endocannabinoids between chemically and electrically connected synapses of CCK cells using paired whole-cell recordings combined with biocytin and double immunofluorescence labeling in acute slices of rat hippocampus at P18–20 days. CA1 stratum radiatum CCK Schaffer collateral-associated cells were coupled electrically with each other as well as CCK basket cells and CCK cells with axonal projections expanding to dentate gyrus. Approximately 50% of electrically coupled cells received facilitating, asynchronously released inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSPs) that curtailed the steady-state coupling coefficient by 57%. Tonic CB1 receptor activity which reduces inhibition enhanced electrical coupling between cells that were connected via chemical and electrical synapses. Blocking CB1 receptors with antagonist, AM-251 (5 μM) resulted in the synchronized release of larger IPSPs and this enhanced inhibition further reduced the steady-state coupling coefficient by 85%. Depolarization induced suppression of inhibition (DSI), maintained the asynchronicity of IPSP latency, but reduced IPSP amplitudes by 95% and enhanced the steady-state coupling coefficient by 104% and IPSP duration by 200%. However, DSI did not did not enhance electrical coupling at purely electrical synapses. These data suggest that different morphological subclasses of CCK interneurons are interconnected via gap junctions. The synergy between the chemical and electrical coupling between CCK cells probably plays a role in activity-dependent endocannabinoid modulation of rhythmic synchronization. PMID:22125513

76 FR 9374 - Proposed Extension of Existing Information Collection; Examinations and Testing of Electrical...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-17

... related detached components; 75.800-4 Testing, examination and maintenance of circuit breakers; record; 75...-4 Testing, examination and maintenance of circuit breakers; record; 75.1001-1 Devices for..., testing, and maintenance; 77.800-2 Testing, examination and maintenance of circuit breakers; record; and...

Reducing unscheduled plant maintenance delays -- Field test of a new method to predict electric motor failure

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Homce, G.T.; Thalimer, J.R.

1996-05-01

Most electric motor predictive maintenance methods have drawbacks that limit their effectiveness in the mining environment. The US Bureau of Miens (USBM) is developing an alternative approach to detect winding insulation breakdown in advance of complete motor failure. In order to evaluate the analysis algorithms necessary for this approach, the USBM has designed and installed a system to monitor 120 electric motors in a coal preparation plant. The computer-based experimental system continuously gathers, stores, and analyzes electrical parameters for each motor. The results are then correlated to data from conventional motor-maintenance methods and in-service failures to determine if the analysismore » algorithms can detect signs of insulation deterioration and impending failure. This paper explains the on-line testing approach used in this research, and describes monitoring system design and implementation. At this writing data analysis is underway, but conclusive results are not yet available.« less

Propulsion system for a motor vehicle using a bidirectional energy converter

DOEpatents

Tamor, Michael Alan; Gale, Allan Roy

1999-01-01

A motor vehicle propulsion system includes an electrical energy source and a traction motor coupled to receive electrical energy from the electrical energy source. The system also has a first bus provided electrical energy by the electrical energy source and a second bus of relatively lower voltage than the first bus. In addition, the system includes an electrically-driven source of reaction gas for the electrical energy source, the source of reaction gas coupled to receive electrical energy from the first bus. Also, the system has an electrical storage device coupled to the second bus for storing electrical energy at the lower voltage. The system also includes a bidirectional energy converter coupled to convert electrical energy from the first bus to the second bus and from the second bus to the first bus.

Using Piezoelectric Devices to Transmit Power through Walls

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sherrit, Stewart; Bar-Cohen, Yoseph; Bao, Xiaoqi

2008-01-01

A method denoted wireless acoustic-electric feed-through (WAEF) has been conceived for transmitting power and/or data signals through walls or other solid objects made of a variety of elastic materials that could be electrically conductive or nonconductive. WAEF would make it unnecessary to use wires, optical fibers, tubes, or other discrete wall-penetrating signal-transmitting components, thereby eliminating the potential for structural weakening or leakage at such penetrations. Avoidance of such penetrations could be essential in some applications in which maintenance of pressure, vacuum, or chemical or biological isolation is required. In a basic WAEF setup, a transmitting piezoelectric transducer on one side of a wall would be driven at resonance to excite ultrasonic vibrations in the wall. A receiving piezoelectric transducer on the opposite side of the wall would convert the vibrations back to an ultrasonic AC electric signal, which would then be detected and otherwise processed in a manner that would depend on the modulation (if any) applied to the signal and whether the signal was used to transmit power, data, or both. An electromechanical-network model has been derived as a computationally efficient means of analyzing and designing a WAEF system. This model is a variant of a prior model, known in the piezoelectric-transducer art as Mason's equivalent-circuit model, in which the electrical and mechanical dynamics, including electromechanical couplings, are expressed as electrical circuit elements that can include inductors, capacitors, and lumped-parameter complex impedances. The real parts of the complex impedances are used to account for dielectric, mechanical, and coupling losses in all components (including all piezoelectric-transducer, wall, and intermediate material layers). In an application to a three-layer piezoelectric structure, this model was shown to yield the same results as do solutions of the wave equations of piezoelectricity and acoustic propagation in their full complexity.

Recording and Modulation of Epileptiform Activity in Rodent Brain Slices Coupled to Microelectrode Arrays.

PubMed

Panuccio, Gabriella; Colombi, Ilaria; Chiappalone, Michela

2018-05-15

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common partial complex epileptic syndrome and the least responsive to medications. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising approach when pharmacological treatment fails or neurosurgery is not recommended. Acute brain slices coupled to microelectrode arrays (MEAs) represent a valuable tool to study neuronal network interactions and their modulation by electrical stimulation. As compared to conventional extracellular recording techniques, they provide the added advantages of a greater number of observation points and a known inter-electrode distance, which allow studying the propagation path and speed of electrophysiological signals. However, tissue oxygenation may be greatly impaired during MEA recording, requiring a high perfusion rate, which comes at the cost of decreased signal-to-noise ratio and higher oscillations in the experimental temperature. Electrical stimulation further stresses the brain tissue, making it difficult to pursue prolonged recording/stimulation epochs. Moreover, electrical modulation of brain slice activity needs to target specific structures/pathways within the brain slice, requiring that electrode mapping be easily and quickly performed live during the experiment. Here, we illustrate how to perform the recording and electrical modulation of 4-aminopyridine (4AP)-induced epileptiform activity in rodent brain slices using planar MEAs. We show that the brain tissue obtained from mice outperforms rat brain tissue and is thus better suited for MEA experiments. This protocol guarantees the generation and maintenance of a stable epileptiform pattern that faithfully reproduces the electrophysiological features observed with conventional field potential recording, persists for several hours, and outlasts sustained electrical stimulation for prolonged epochs. Tissue viability throughout the experiment is achieved thanks to the use of a small-volume custom recording chamber allowing for laminar flow and quick solution exchange even at low (1 mL/min) perfusion rates. Quick MEA mapping for real-time monitoring and selection of stimulating electrodes is performed by a custom graphic user interface (GUI).

Accounting for Every Kilowatt

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-10-01

accountability of individual load con- sumption, forewarning of maintenance problems, and aware- ness of human activity based on electrical activity...accountability and maintenance examples were identified from our desks at MIT. Tech support can be anywhere and do the same. Human Activity DepNILM...provides awareness of human activity within a net- work. Each device has an electrical fingerprint, and specific de- vices imply associated human actions

Research Electrical Distribution Bus | Energy Systems Integration Facility

Science.gov Websites

| NREL Research Electrical Distribution Bus Research Electrical Distribution Bus The research electrical distribution bus (REDB) is the heart of the Energy Systems Integration Facility electrical system throughout the laboratories. Photo of a technician performing maintenance on the Research Electrical

7 CFR 1730.22 - Borrower analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... which could indicate deterioration in the physical or cyber condition or the operational effectiveness of the system or suggest a need for changes in security, operations or maintenance policies... AGRICULTURE ELECTRIC SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Operations and Maintenance Requirements § 1730.22...

7 CFR 1730.22 - Borrower analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... which could indicate deterioration in the physical or cyber condition or the operational effectiveness of the system or suggest a need for changes in security, operations or maintenance policies... AGRICULTURE ELECTRIC SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Operations and Maintenance Requirements § 1730.22...

7 CFR 1730.22 - Borrower analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... which could indicate deterioration in the physical or cyber condition or the operational effectiveness of the system or suggest a need for changes in security, operations or maintenance policies... AGRICULTURE ELECTRIC SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Operations and Maintenance Requirements § 1730.22...

7 CFR 1730.22 - Borrower analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... which could indicate deterioration in the physical or cyber condition or the operational effectiveness of the system or suggest a need for changes in security, operations or maintenance policies... AGRICULTURE ELECTRIC SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Operations and Maintenance Requirements § 1730.22...

78 FR 77574 - Protection System Maintenance Reliability Standard

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-24

... protection system component type, except that the maintenance program for all batteries associated with the... Electric System reliability and promoting efficiency through consolidation [of protection system-related... ITC that PRC-005-2 promotes efficiency by consolidating protection system maintenance requirements...

Electrically powered hand tool

DOEpatents

Myers, Kurt S.; Reed, Teddy R.

2007-01-16

An electrically powered hand tool is described and which includes a three phase electrical motor having a plurality of poles; an electrical motor drive electrically coupled with the three phase electrical motor; and a source of electrical power which is converted to greater than about 208 volts three-phase and which is electrically coupled with the electrical motor drive.

Electrical crosstalk-coupling measurement and analysis for digital closed loop fibre optic gyro

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jin, Jing; Tian, Hai-Ting; Pan, Xiong; Song, Ning-Fang

2010-03-01

The phase modulation and the closed-loop controller can generate electrical crosstalk-coupling in digital closed-loop fibre optic gyro. Four electrical cross-coupling paths are verified by the open-loop testing approach. It is found the variation of ramp amplitude will lead to the alternation of gyro bias. The amplitude and the phase parameters of the electrical crosstalk signal are measured by lock-in amplifier, and the variation of gyro bias is confirmed to be caused by the alternation of phase according to the amplitude of the ramp. A digital closed-loop fibre optic gyro electrical crosstalk-coupling model is built by approximating the electrical cross-coupling paths as a proportion and integration segment. The results of simulation and experiment show that the modulation signal electrical crosstalk-coupling can cause the dead zone of the gyro when a small angular velocity is inputted, and it could also lead to a periodic vibration of the bias error of the gyro when a large angular velocity is inputted.

Inspecting the School Plant. The Operation and Maintenance of Our Schools. Monograph 2. Bulletin No. 6105.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Biwer-Al-Yacoubi, Connie

Two intruments for evaluating the school plant are presented in this monograph. The first enables districts to appraise the effectiveness of school maintenance programs and plan for future maintenance needs. The eight aspects of maintenance covered relate to the exterior of the building, the interior, special classrooms, the electrical system, the…

TVDG Organization Page

Science.gov Websites

-Booster-AGS Coordinator John Benjamin Accelerator Development, Maintenance and Operation Chuck Carlson Hans Abendroth Ion Source Develoment and Maintenance John Benjamin Dannie Steski Electrical and

The role of romantic attraction and conflict resolution in predicting shorter and longer relationship maintenance among adolescents.

PubMed

Appel, Israel; Shulman, Shmuel

2015-04-01

This study examined the role of romantic attraction and conflict resolution patterns in shorter and longer relationship maintenance among adolescent couples. Data were used from 55 couples aged 15-18 years. Partners completed the Romantic Attraction scale and were observed negotiating a disagreement. Three and 6 months later, they were asked to report whether they were still together. Findings indicated that partners' romantic attraction and the tendency to minimize disagreements during interaction predicted shorter relationship maintenance. In contrast, longer relationship maintenance was predicted by partners' capability to resolve conflicts constructively in a positive atmosphere. Findings are embedded and discussed within Fisher's (2004) evolutionary theory of love.

Bursting synchronization dynamics of pancreatic β-cells with electrical and chemical coupling.

PubMed

Meng, Pan; Wang, Qingyun; Lu, Qishao

2013-06-01

Based on bifurcation analysis, the synchronization behaviors of two identical pancreatic β-cells connected by electrical and chemical coupling are investigated, respectively. Various firing patterns are produced in coupled cells when a single cell exhibits tonic spiking or square-wave bursting individually, irrespectively of what the cells are connected by electrical or chemical coupling. On the one hand, cells can burst synchronously for both weak electrical and chemical coupling when an isolated cell exhibits tonic spiking itself. In particular, for electrically coupled cells, under the variation of the coupling strength there exist complex transition processes of synchronous firing patterns such as "fold/limit cycle" type of bursting, then anti-phase continuous spiking, followed by the "fold/torus" type of bursting, and finally in-phase tonic spiking. On the other hand, it is shown that when the individual cell exhibits square-wave bursting, suitable coupling strength can make the electrically coupled system generate "fold/Hopf" bursting via "fold/fold" hysteresis loop; whereas, the chemically coupled cells generate "fold/subHopf" bursting. Especially, chemically coupled bursters can exhibit inverse period-adding bursting sequence. Fast-slow dynamics analysis is applied to explore the generation mechanism of these bursting oscillations. The above analysis of bursting types and the transition may provide us with better insight into understanding the role of coupling in the dynamic behaviors of pancreatic β-cells.

KSC-2011-1395

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-02-08

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida hosts a ribbon-cutting ceremony at a new 18,500-square-foot Electrical Maintenance Facility (EMF) officially opening for business. Addressing the attendees is NASA Construction of Facility Project Manager Nick Rivieccio. Located in Kennedy's Launch Complex 39 area, the EMF will provide new and renovated space for maintenance shops, offices, and equipment and material storage in support of the electrical maintenance functions for the center. The facility is projected to receive Gold certification under the U.S. Green Building Council’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system. Photo credit: NASA/ Troy Cryder

KSC-2011-1397

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-02-08

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida hosts a ribbon-cutting ceremony at a new 18,500-square-foot Electrical Maintenance Facility (EMF) officially opening for business. Addressing the attendees is Kennedy Director of Operations Mike Benik. Located in Kennedy's Launch Complex 39 area, the EMF will provide new and renovated space for maintenance shops, offices, and equipment and material storage in support of the electrical maintenance functions for the center. The facility is projected to receive Gold certification under the U.S. Green Building Council’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system. Photo credit: NASA/ Troy Cryder

KSC-2011-1396

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-02-08

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida hosts a ribbon-cutting ceremony at a new 18,500-square-foot Electrical Maintenance Facility (EMF) officially opening for business. Addressing the attendees is Kennedy Center Director Bob Cabana. Located in Kennedy's Launch Complex 39 area, the EMF will provide new and renovated space for maintenance shops, offices, and equipment and material storage in support of the electrical maintenance functions for the center. The facility is projected to receive Gold certification under the U.S. Green Building Council’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system. Photo credit: NASA/ Troy Cryder

Low inductance busbar assembly

DOEpatents

Holbrook, Meghan Ann

2010-09-21

A busbar assembly for electrically coupling first and second busbars to first and second contacts, respectively, on a power module is provided. The assembly comprises a first terminal integrally formed with the first busbar, a second terminal integrally formed with the second busbar and overlapping the first terminal, a first bridge electrode having a first tab electrically coupled to the first terminal and overlapping the first and second terminals, and a second tab electrically coupled to the first contact, a second bridge electrode having a third tab electrically coupled to the second terminal, and overlapping the first and second terminals and the first tab, and a fourth tab electrically coupled to the second contact, and a fastener configured to couple the first tab to the first terminal, and the third tab to the second terminal.

7 CFR 1730.61 - RUS policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., or reliability on the borrower's electric power system or other electric power systems interconnected to the borrower's electric power system. The Agency encourages borrowers to consider model policy... ELECTRIC SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Interconnection of Distributed Resources § 1730.61 RUS policy...

7 CFR 1730.61 - RUS policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., or reliability on the borrower's electric power system or other electric power systems interconnected to the borrower's electric power system. The Agency encourages borrowers to consider model policy... ELECTRIC SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Interconnection of Distributed Resources § 1730.61 RUS policy...

DC source assemblies

DOEpatents

Campbell, Jeremy B; Newson, Steve

2013-02-26

Embodiments of DC source assemblies of power inverter systems of the type suitable for deployment in a vehicle having an electrically grounded chassis are provided. An embodiment of a DC source assembly comprises a housing, a DC source disposed within the housing, a first terminal, and a second terminal. The DC source also comprises a first capacitor having a first electrode electrically coupled to the housing, and a second electrode electrically coupled to the first terminal. The DC source assembly further comprises a second capacitor having a first electrode electrically coupled to the housing, and a second electrode electrically coupled to the second terminal.

Low inductance connector assembly

DOEpatents

Holbrook, Meghan Ann; Carlson, Douglas S

2013-07-09

A busbar connector assembly for coupling first and second terminals on a two-terminal device to first and second contacts on a power module is provided. The first terminal resides proximate the first contact and the second terminal resides proximate the second contact. The assembly comprises a first bridge having a first end configured to be electrically coupled to the first terminal, and a second end configured to be electrically coupled to the second contact, and a second bridge substantially overlapping the first bridge and having a first end electrically coupled to the first contact, and a second end electrically coupled to the second terminal.

Multi-Cultural Competency-Based Vocational Curricula. Maintenance Mechanics. Multi-Cultural Competency-Based Vocational/Technical Curricula Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hepburn, Larry; Shin, Masako

This document, one of eight in a multi-cultural competency-based vocational/technical curricula series, is on maintenance mechanics. This program is designed to run 40 weeks and cover 5 instructional areas: basic electricity (14 weeks); maintenance and repair of heating (4 weeks); maintenance and repair of air conditioning (12 weeks); maintenance…

Evaluation of Electrical Characteristics of Protective Equipment - a Prerequisite for Ensuring Safety and Health of Workers at Work

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Buică, G.; Beiu, C.; Antonov, A.; Dobra, R.; Păsculescu, D.

2017-06-01

The protecting electrical equipment in use are subject to various factors generated by the use, maintenance, storage and working environment, which may change the characteristics of protection against electric shock. The study presents the results of research on the behaviour over time of protective characteristics of insulating covers of material of work equipment in use, in order to determine the type and periodicity of safety tests. There were tested and evaluated safety equipment with plastic and insulating rubber covers used in operations of verifying functionality, safety and maintenance of machinery used in manufacturing industries and specific services from electric, energy and food sector.

Gap Junction Coupling and Calcium Waves in the Pancreatic Islet

PubMed Central

Benninger, Richard K. P.; Zhang, Min; Head, W. Steven; Satin, Leslie S.; Piston, David W.

2008-01-01

The pancreatic islet is a highly coupled, multicellular system that exhibits complex spatiotemporal electrical activity in response to elevated glucose levels. The emergent properties of islets, which differ from those arising in isolated islet cells, are believed to arise in part by gap junctional coupling, but the mechanisms through which this coupling occurs are poorly understood. To uncover these mechanisms, we have used both high-speed imaging and theoretical modeling of the electrical activity in pancreatic islets under a reduction in the gap junction mediated electrical coupling. Utilizing islets from a gap junction protein connexin 36 knockout mouse model together with chemical inhibitors, we can modulate the electrical coupling in the islet in a precise manner and quantify this modulation by electrophysiology measurements. We find that after a reduction in electrical coupling, calcium waves are slowed as well as disrupted, and the number of cells showing synchronous calcium oscillations is reduced. This behavior can be reproduced by computational modeling of a heterogeneous population of β-cells with heterogeneous levels of electrical coupling. The resulting quantitative agreement between the data and analytical models of islet connectivity, using only a single free parameter, reveals the mechanistic underpinnings of the multicellular behavior of the islet. PMID:18805925

Job Grading Standard for Electrician (High Voltage) WG-2810.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Civil Service Commission, Washington, DC. Bureau of Policies and Standards.

The standard covers nonsupervisory work involved in installation, test, repair, and maintenance of electric power plant and/or overhead and underground primary electrical distribution systems. These jobs require knowledge and application of electrical principles, procedures, materials, and safety standards governing work on electrical systems…

Tim Johansson | NREL

Science.gov Websites

performed maintenance, operation, and repair on laboratory support systems, including some minor /electrical technician Chief Engineer, Tim leads the maintenance crew at NWTC. Prior to joining NREL, Tim was

Alternative Fuels Data Center: Newsletters

Science.gov Websites

Offers information on the development and maintenance of electric motors, drives, and related components Fuels Fuel Prices Conserve Fuel Idle Reduction Parts & Equipment Maintenance Driving Behavior Fleet

46 CFR 183.200 - General design, installation, and maintenance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false General design, installation, and maintenance requirements. 183.200 Section 183.200 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS (UNDER 100 GROSS TONS) ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION General Requirements § 183.200 General design, installation, and maintenance...

46 CFR 183.200 - General design, installation, and maintenance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false General design, installation, and maintenance requirements. 183.200 Section 183.200 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS (UNDER 100 GROSS TONS) ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION General Requirements § 183.200 General design, installation, and maintenance...

46 CFR 183.200 - General design, installation, and maintenance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false General design, installation, and maintenance requirements. 183.200 Section 183.200 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS (UNDER 100 GROSS TONS) ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION General Requirements § 183.200 General design, installation, and maintenance...

46 CFR 183.200 - General design, installation, and maintenance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false General design, installation, and maintenance requirements. 183.200 Section 183.200 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS (UNDER 100 GROSS TONS) ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION General Requirements § 183.200 General design, installation, and maintenance...

General Mechanical Repair. Minor Automotive Maintenance. Volume 1. Teacher's Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

East Texas State Univ., Commerce. Occupational Curriculum Lab.

Fourteen units on minor automotive maintenance are presented in this teacher's guide. The units are the following: introduction to minor automotive maintenance, shop safety, engine principles, fuel system operation and repair, electrical system, ignition system, lubrication system, engine cooling system, exhaust system, wheel bearings and tires,…

Influence of electrical coupling on early afterdepolarizations in ventricular myocytes.

PubMed

Saiz, J; Ferrero, J M; Monserrat, M; Ferrero, J M; Thakor, N V

1999-02-01

Computer modeling is used to study the effect of electrical coupling between a myocardial zone where early afterdepolarizations (EAD's) can develop and the normal neighboring tissue. The effects of such coupling on EAD development and on the likelihood of EAD propagation as an ectopic beat are studied. The influence on EAD formation is investigated by approximating two partially coupled myocardial zones modeled as two active elements coupled by a junctional resistance R. For R values lower than 800 omega cm2, the action potentials are transmitted to the coupled element, and for R values higher than 850 omega cm2 they are blocked. In both ranges of R, when the electrical coupling increases, the EAD's appear at more negative takeoff potentials with higher amplitudes and upstrokes. The EAD's are not elicited if the electrical coupling is too high. In a separate model of two one-dimensional cardiac fiber segments partially coupled by a resistance R, critical R values exist, between 42 and 54 omega cm2, that facilitate EAD propagation. These results demonstrate that in myocardial zones favorable to the formation of EAD, the electrical coupling dramatically affects initiation of EAD and its spread to the neighboring tissue.

Systems and methods for an integrated electrical sub-system powered by wind energy

DOEpatents

Liu, Yan [Ballston Lake, NY; Garces, Luis Jose [Niskayuna, NY

2008-06-24

Various embodiments relate to systems and methods related to an integrated electrically-powered sub-system and wind power system including a wind power source, an electrically-powered sub-system coupled to and at least partially powered by the wind power source, the electrically-powered sub-system being coupled to the wind power source through power converters, and a supervisory controller coupled to the wind power source and the electrically-powered sub-system to monitor and manage the integrated electrically-powered sub-system and wind power system.

7 CFR 1730.24 - RUS review and evaluation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AGRICULTURE ELECTRIC SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Operations and Maintenance Requirements § 1730.24 RUS... in the field. Key borrower personnel responsible for the facilities being inspected are to accompany...

7 CFR 1730.24 - RUS review and evaluation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AGRICULTURE ELECTRIC SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Operations and Maintenance Requirements § 1730.24 RUS... in the field. Key borrower personnel responsible for the facilities being inspected are to accompany...

NHEXAS PHASE I ARIZONA STUDY--STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR OPERATION, CALIBRATION AND MAINTENANCE OF THE JOBIN-YVON MODEL 70 INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETER (BCO-L-7.1)

EPA Science Inventory

The purpose of this SOP is to detail the operation and maintenance of an Instruments, SA Inc., Jobin-Yvon Model 70 (JY-70) inductively coupled plasma atomic emissions spectrometry (ICP-AES). This procedure was followed to ensure consistent data retrieval during the Arizona NHEXA...

A Method of Evaluating Operation of Electric Energy Meter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Xiangqun; Li, Tianyang; Cao, Fei; Chu, Pengfei; Zhao, Xinwang; Huang, Rui; Liu, Liping; Zhang, Chenglin

2018-05-01

The existing electric energy meter rotation maintenance strategy regularly checks the electric energy meter and evaluates the state. It only considers the influence of time factors, neglects the influence of other factors, leads to the inaccuracy of the evaluation, and causes the waste of resources. In order to evaluate the running state of the electric energy meter in time, a method of the operation evaluation of the electric energy meter is proposed. The method is based on extracting the existing data acquisition system, marketing business system and metrology production scheduling platform that affect the state of energy meters, and classified into error stability, operational reliability, potential risks and other factors according to the influencing factors, based on the above basic test score, inspecting score, monitoring score, score of family defect detection. Then, according to the evaluation model according to the scoring, we evaluate electric energy meter operating state, and finally put forward the corresponding maintenance strategy of rotation.

The effects of electric power industry restructuring on the safety of nuclear power plants in the United States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Butler, Thomas S.

Throughout the United States the electric utility industry is restructuring in response to federal legislation mandating deregulation. The electric utility industry has embarked upon an extraordinary experiment by restructuring in response to deregulation that has been advocated on the premise of improving economic efficiency by encouraging competition in as many sectors of the industry as possible. However, unlike the telephone, trucking, and airline industries, the potential effects of electric deregulation reach far beyond simple energy economics. This dissertation presents the potential safety risks involved with the deregulation of the electric power industry in the United States and abroad. The pressures of a competitive environment on utilities with nuclear power plants in their portfolio to lower operation and maintenance costs could squeeze them to resort to some risky cost-cutting measures. These include deferring maintenance, reducing training, downsizing staff, excessive reductions in refueling down time, and increasing the use of on-line maintenance. The results of this study indicate statistically significant differences at the .01 level between the safety of pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants and boiling water reactor nuclear power plants. Boiling water reactors exhibited significantly more problems than did pressurized water reactors.

KSC-2011-1398

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-02-08

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- A traditional ribbon-cutting ceremony takes place inside the new 18,500-square-foot Electrical Maintenance Facility (EMF) at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. From left are Kennedy Director of Operations Mike Benik, NASA Construction of Facility Project Manager Nick Rivieccio and Kennedy Center Director Bob Cabana. Located in Kennedy's Launch Complex 39 area, the EMF will provide new and renovated space for maintenance shops, offices, and equipment and material storage in support of the electrical maintenance functions for the center. The facility is projected to receive Gold certification under the U.S. Green Building Council’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system. Photo credit: NASA/ Troy Cryder

46 CFR 169.685 - Electric heating and cooking equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... SCHOOL VESSELS Machinery and Electrical Electrical Installations Operating at Potentials of 50 Volts Or... designed as to permit complete cleaning, maintenance, and repair. (c) Doors for electric cooking equipment must be provided with heavy duty hinges and locking devices to prevent accidental opening in heavy seas...

Electrical Coupling: Novel Mechanism for Sleep-Wake Control

PubMed Central

Garcia-Rill, Edgar; Heister, David S.; Ye, Meijun; Charlesworth, Amanda; Hayar, Abdallah

2007-01-01

Study Objectives: Recent evidence suggests that certain anesthetic agents decrease electrical coupling, whereas the stimulant modafinil appears to increase electrical coupling. We investigated the potential role of electrical coupling in 2 reticular activating system sites, the subcoeruleus nucleus and in the pedunculopontine nucleus, which has been implicated in the modulation of arousal via ascending cholinergic activation of intralaminar thalamus and descending activation of the subcoeruleus nucleus to generate some of the signs of rapid eye movement sleep. Design: We used 6- to 30-day-old rat pups to obtain brainstem slices to perform whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. Measurements and Results: Recordings from single cells revealed the presence of spikelets, manifestations of action potentials in coupled cells, and of dye coupling of neurons in the pedunculopontine nucleus. Recordings in pairs of pedunculopontine nucleus and subcoeruleus nucleus neurons revealed that some of these were electrically coupled with coupling coefficients of approximately 2%. After blockade of fast synaptic transmission, the cholinergic agonist carbachol was found to induce rhythmic activity in pedunculopontine nucleus and subcoeruleus nucleus neurons, an effect eliminated by the gap junction blockers carbenoxolone or mefloquine. The stimulant modafinil was found to decrease resistance in neurons in the pedunculopontine nucleus and subcoeruleus nucleus after fast synaptic blockade, indicating that the effect may be due to increased coupling. Conclusions: The finding of electrical coupling in specific reticular activating system cell groups supports the concept that this underlying process behind specific neurotransmitter interactions modulates ensemble activity across cell populations to promote changes in sleep-wake state. Citation: Garcia-Rill E; Heister DS; Ye M; Charlesworth A; Hayar A. Electrical coupling: novel mechanism for sleep-wake control. SLEEP 2007;30(11):1405-1414. PMID:18041475

Insulated conductor temperature limited heater for subsurface heating coupled in a three-phase WYE configuration

DOEpatents

Vinegar, Harold J.; Sandberg, Chester Ledlie

2010-11-09

A heating system for a subsurface formation is described. The heating system includes a first heater, a second heater, and a third heater placed in an opening in the subsurface formation. Each heater includes: an electrical conductor; an insulation layer at least partially surrounding the electrical conductor; and an electrically conductive sheath at least partially surrounding the insulation layer. The electrical conductor is electrically coupled to the sheath at a lower end portion of the heater. The lower end portion is the portion of the heater distal from a surface of the opening. The first heater, the second heater, and the third heater are electrically coupled at the lower end portions of the heaters. The first heater, the second heater, and the third heater are configured to be electrically coupled in a three-phase wye configuration.

10 CFR 205.325 - Annual report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... OF ENERGY OIL ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES AND SANCTIONS Electric Power System Permits and Reports... Construction, Connection, Operation, and Maintenance of Facilities for Transmission of Electric Energy at... maintain electric transmission facilities at international boundaries shall submit to the ERA, by February...

Aggregation of Electric Current Consumption Features to Extract Maintenance KPIs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Simon, Victor; Johansson, Carl-Anders; Galar, Diego

2017-09-01

All electric powered machines offer the possibility of extracting information and calculating Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) from the electric current signal. Depending on the time window, sampling frequency and type of analysis, different indicators from the micro to macro level can be calculated for such aspects as maintenance, production, energy consumption etc. On the micro-level, the indicators are generally used for condition monitoring and diagnostics and are normally based on a short time window and a high sampling frequency. The macro indicators are normally based on a longer time window with a slower sampling frequency and are used as indicators for overall performance, cost or consumption. The indicators can be calculated directly from the current signal but can also be based on a combination of information from the current signal and operational data like rpm, position etc. One or several of those indicators can be used for prediction and prognostics of a machine's future behavior. This paper uses this technique to calculate indicators for maintenance and energy optimization in electric powered machines and fleets of machines, especially machine tools.

U.S.-MEXICO BORDER PROGRAM ARIZONA BORDER STUDY--STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR OPERATION, CALIBRATION, AND MAINTENANCE OF THE JOBIN-YVON MODEL 70 INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA ATOMIC EMISSION SPECTROMETER (BCO-L-7.1)

EPA Science Inventory

The purpose of this SOP is to detail the operation and maintenance of an Instruments, SA Inc., Jobin-Yvon Model 70 (JY-70) inductively coupled plasma atomic emissions spectrometry (ICP-AES). This procedure was followed to ensure consistent data retrieval during the Arizona NHEXA...

Movable bridge maintenance monitoring : [technical summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-10-01

Maintenance costs for movable bridges are considerably higher than for fixed bridges, mostly because of the complex interaction of mechanical, electrical, and structural components. Malfunction of any component can cause unexpected failure of bridge ...

Electrical coupling: novel mechanism for sleep-wake control.

PubMed

Garcia-Rill, Edgar; Heister, David S; Ye, Meijun; Charlesworth, Amanda; Hayar, Abdallah

2007-11-01

Recent evidence suggests that certain anesthetic agents decrease electrical coupling, whereas the stimulant modafinil appears to increase electrical coupling. We investigated the potential role of electrical coupling in 2 reticular activating system sites, the subcoeruleus nucleus and in the pedunculopontine nucleus, which has been implicated in the modulation of arousal via ascending cholinergic activation of intralaminar thalamus and descending activation of the subcoeruleus nucleus to generate some of the signs of rapid eye movement sleep. We used 6- to 30-day-old rat pups to obtain brainstem slices to perform whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. Recordings from single cells revealed the presence of spikelets, manifestations of action potentials in coupled cells, and of dye coupling of neurons in the pedunculopontine nucleus. Recordings in pairs of pedunculopontine nucleus and subcoeruleus nucleus neurons revealed that some of these were electrically coupled with coupling coefficients of approximately 2%. After blockade of fast synaptic transmission, the cholinergic agonist carbachol was found to induce rhythmic activity in pedunculopontine nucleus and subcoeruleus nucleus neurons, an effect eliminated by the gap junction blockers carbenoxolone or mefloquine. The stimulant modafinil was found to decrease resistance in neurons in the pedunculopontine nucleus and subcoeruleus nucleus after fast synaptic blockade, indicating that the effect may be due to increased coupling. The finding of electrical coupling in specific reticular activating system cell groups supports the concept that this underlying process behind specific neurotransmitter interactions modulates ensemble activity across cell populations to promote changes in sleep-wake state.

7 CFR 1730.63 - IDR policy criteria.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... policies must be consistent with prudent electric utility practice. (2) IDR policies must incorporate the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE): IEEE 1547TM—Standard for Interconnecting... AGRICULTURE ELECTRIC SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Interconnection of Distributed Resources § 1730.63 IDR...

7 CFR 1730.63 - IDR policy criteria.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... policies must be consistent with prudent electric utility practice. (2) IDR policies must incorporate the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE): IEEE 1547TM—Standard for Interconnecting... AGRICULTURE ELECTRIC SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Interconnection of Distributed Resources § 1730.63 IDR...

7 CFR 1730.63 - IDR policy criteria.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... policies must be consistent with prudent electric utility practice. (2) IDR policies must incorporate the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE): IEEE 1547TM—Standard for Interconnecting... AGRICULTURE ELECTRIC SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Interconnection of Distributed Resources § 1730.63 IDR...

7 CFR 1730.63 - IDR policy criteria.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... policies must be consistent with prudent electric utility practice. (2) IDR policies must incorporate the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE): IEEE 1547TM—Standard for Interconnecting... AGRICULTURE ELECTRIC SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Interconnection of Distributed Resources § 1730.63 IDR...

Liquid gallium rotary electric contract

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Przybyszewski, J. S.

1969-01-01

Due to its low vapor pressure, gallium, when substituted for mercury in a liquid slip ring system, transmits substantial amounts of electrical current to rotating components in an ultrahigh vacuum. It features low electrical loss, little or no wear, and long maintenance-free life.

10 CFR 205.320 - Who shall apply.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... OF ENERGY OIL ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES AND SANCTIONS Electric Power System Permits and Reports... entity who operates an electric power transmission or distribution facility crossing the border of the... Construction, Connection, Operation, and Maintenance of Facilities for Transmission of Electric Energy at...

Electrical Distribution Program Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Georgia Univ., Athens. Dept. of Vocational Education.

This program guide contains the standard electrical distribution curriculum for technical institutes in Georgia. The curriculum encompasses the minimum competencies required for entry-level workers in the electrical distribution field, and in job skills such as construction, maintenance, and repair of overhead and underground electrical…

10 CFR 205.320 - Who shall apply.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... OF ENERGY OIL ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES AND SANCTIONS Electric Power System Permits and Reports... Construction, Connection, Operation, and Maintenance of Facilities for Transmission of Electric Energy at... United States, for the transmission of electric energy between the United States and a foreign country...

Engineering study of the module/array interface for large terrestrial photovoltaic arrays

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1977-01-01

Three major areas--structural, electrical, and maintenance--were evaluated. Efforts in the structural area included establishing acceptance criteria for materials and members, determining loading criteria, and analyzing glass modules in various framing system configurations. Array support structure design was addressed briefly. Electrical considerations included evaluation of module characteristics, intermodule connectors, array wiring, converters and lightning protection. Plant maintenance features such as array cleaning, failure detection, and module installation and replacement were addressed.

Modelling the Effects of Electrical Coupling between Unmyelinated Axons of Brainstem Neurons Controlling Rhythmic Activity

PubMed Central

Hull, Michael J.; Soffe, Stephen R.; Willshaw, David J.; Roberts, Alan

2015-01-01

Gap junctions between fine unmyelinated axons can electrically couple groups of brain neurons to synchronise firing and contribute to rhythmic activity. To explore the distribution and significance of electrical coupling, we modelled a well analysed, small population of brainstem neurons which drive swimming in young frog tadpoles. A passive network of 30 multicompartmental neurons with unmyelinated axons was used to infer that: axon-axon gap junctions close to the soma gave the best match to experimentally measured coupling coefficients; axon diameter had a strong influence on coupling; most neurons were coupled indirectly via the axons of other neurons. When active channels were added, gap junctions could make action potential propagation along the thin axons unreliable. Increased sodium and decreased potassium channel densities in the initial axon segment improved action potential propagation. Modelling suggested that the single spike firing to step current injection observed in whole-cell recordings is not a cellular property but a dynamic consequence of shunting resulting from electrical coupling. Without electrical coupling, firing of the population during depolarising current was unsynchronised; with coupling, the population showed synchronous recruitment and rhythmic firing. When activated instead by increasing levels of modelled sensory pathway input, the population without electrical coupling was recruited incrementally to unpatterned activity. However, when coupled, the population was recruited all-or-none at threshold into a rhythmic swimming pattern: the tadpole “decided” to swim. Modelling emphasises uncertainties about fine unmyelinated axon physiology but, when informed by biological data, makes general predictions about gap junctions: locations close to the soma; relatively small numbers; many indirect connections between neurons; cause of action potential propagation failure in fine axons; misleading alteration of intrinsic firing properties. Modelling also indicates that electrical coupling within a population can synchronize recruitment of neurons and their pacemaker firing during rhythmic activity. PMID:25954930

Looking Northeast at Southwest End of Maintenance Shop with Milling ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Looking Northeast at Southwest End of Maintenance Shop with Milling Machines, Hoist, Electrical Boxes in Recycle Recovery Building - Hematite Fuel Fabrication Facility, Recycle Recovery Building, 3300 State Road P, Festus, Jefferson County, MO

49 CFR 624.11 - Reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

....C. 5308 who purchase or lease hybrid electric, battery electric and fuel cell vehicles shall report... propulsion technology systems, and (5) Maintenance costs associated with the clean fuels or advanced...

49 CFR 624.11 - Reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

....C. 5308 who purchase or lease hybrid electric, battery electric and fuel cell vehicles shall report... propulsion technology systems, and (5) Maintenance costs associated with the clean fuels or advanced...

49 CFR 624.11 - Reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

....C. 5308 who purchase or lease hybrid electric, battery electric and fuel cell vehicles shall report... propulsion technology systems, and (5) Maintenance costs associated with the clean fuels or advanced...

49 CFR 624.11 - Reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

....C. 5308 who purchase or lease hybrid electric, battery electric and fuel cell vehicles shall report... propulsion technology systems, and (5) Maintenance costs associated with the clean fuels or advanced...

49 CFR 624.11 - Reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

....C. 5308 who purchase or lease hybrid electric, battery electric and fuel cell vehicles shall report... propulsion technology systems, and (5) Maintenance costs associated with the clean fuels or advanced...

Alternative Fuels Data Center: Lee's Summit R-7 School District Delivers

Science.gov Websites

was the next step. In 2010, the district purchased four all-electric Smith Newton delivery trucks with -based Smith Electric Vehicles educated local fleet operators about the capabilities of its all-electric conventional trucks do, maintenance expenses were drastically reduced. With close proximity to Smith Electric

Apparatus for Use in Determining Surface Conductivity at Microwave Frequencies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hearn, Chase P. (Inventor)

1995-01-01

An apparatus is provided for use in determining surface conductivity of a flat or shaped conductive material at microwave frequencies. A plate has an electrically conductive surface with first and second holes passing through the plate. An electrically conductive material under test (MUT) is maintained in a spaced apart relationship with the electrically conductive surface of the plate by one or more nonconductive spacers. A first coupling loop is electrically shielded within the first hole while a second coupling loop is electrically shielded within the second hole. A dielectric resonator element is positioned between the first and second coupling loops, while also being positioned closer to the MUT than the electrically conductive surface of the plate. Microwave energy at an operating frequency f is supplied from a signal source to the first coupling loop while microwave energy received at the second coupling loop is measured. The apparatus is capable of measuring the Q-factor of the dielectric resonator situated in the 'cavity' existing between the electrically conductive surface of the plate and the MUT. Surface conductivity of the electrically conductive surface can be determined via interpolation using: 1 ) the measured Q-factor with the electrically conductive surface in place, and 2) the measured Q-factor when the MUT is replaced with reference standards having known surface conductivities.

Operation and maintenance cost-cutting

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hollingshead, T.W.

This presentation by Timothy W. Hollingshead, Technical Services Manager, Pacific Gas and Electric, is about cutting costs in the Operation and Maintenance phase of geothermal energy production. The necessity of cost control, keeping workers well-trained and avoiding OSHA fines, taking advantages of new technologies, and establishing predictive maintenance programs are some of the issues discussed in this article.

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE TRAINING AND SKILL REQUIREMENTS OF INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY MAINTENANCE WORKERS. VOLUME I. FINAL REPORT.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

LYNN, FRANK

DRAMATIC CHANGES IN THE CHARACTERISTICS AND COMPLEXITY OF PRODUCTION MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT HAVE CREATED A GROWING NEED FOR ADEQUATELY TRAINED AND SKILLED MACHINERY MAINTENANCE WORKERS IN INDUSTRY. THIS STUDY DEFINED THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOR MARKET FOR MACHINERY MAINTENANCE WORKERS SUCH AS MILLWRIGHTS, MECHANICAL HYDRAULIC, ELECTRICAL,…

Computational model of electrically coupled, intrinsically distinct pacemaker neurons.

PubMed

Soto-Treviño, Cristina; Rabbah, Pascale; Marder, Eve; Nadim, Farzan

2005-07-01

Electrical coupling between neurons with similar properties is often studied. Nonetheless, the role of electrical coupling between neurons with widely different intrinsic properties also occurs, but is less well understood. Inspired by the pacemaker group of the crustacean pyloric network, we developed a multicompartment, conductance-based model of a small network of intrinsically distinct, electrically coupled neurons. In the pyloric network, a small intrinsically bursting neuron, through gap junctions, drives 2 larger, tonically spiking neurons to reliably burst in-phase with it. Each model neuron has 2 compartments, one responsible for spike generation and the other for producing a slow, large-amplitude oscillation. We illustrate how these compartments interact and determine the dynamics of the model neurons. Our model captures the dynamic oscillation range measured from the isolated and coupled biological neurons. At the network level, we explore the range of coupling strengths for which synchronous bursting oscillations are possible. The spatial segregation of ionic currents significantly enhances the ability of the 2 neurons to burst synchronously, and the oscillation range of the model pacemaker network depends not only on the strength of the electrical synapse but also on the identity of the neuron receiving inputs. We also compare the activity of the electrically coupled, distinct neurons with that of a network of coupled identical bursting neurons. For small to moderate coupling strengths, the network of identical elements, when receiving asymmetrical inputs, can have a smaller dynamic range of oscillation than that of its constituent neurons in isolation.

Research on Operation Assessment Method for Energy Meter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Xiangqun; Huang, Rui; Shen, Liman; chen, Hao; Xiong, Dezhi; Xiao, Xiangqi; Liu, Mouhai; Xu, Renheng

2018-03-01

The existing electric energy meter rotation maintenance strategy regularly checks the electric energy meter and evaluates the state. It only considers the influence of time factors, neglects the influence of other factors, leads to the inaccuracy of the evaluation, and causes the waste of resources. In order to evaluate the running state of the electric energy meter in time, a method of the operation evaluation of the electric energy meter is proposed. The method is based on extracting the existing data acquisition system, marketing business system and metrology production scheduling platform that affect the state of energy meters, and classified into error stability, operational reliability, potential risks and other factors according to the influencing factors, based on the above basic test score, inspecting score, monitoring score, score of family defect detection. Then, according to the evaluation model according to the scoring, we evaluate electric energy meter operating state, and finally put forward the corresponding maintenance strategy of rotation.

Wireless Fluid Level Measuring System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Taylor, Bryant D. (Inventor); Woodard, Stanley E. (Inventor)

2007-01-01

A level-sensing probe positioned in a tank is divided into sections with each section including (i) a fluid-level capacitive sensor disposed along the length thereof, (ii) an inductor electrically coupled to the capacitive sensor, (iii) a sensor antenna positioned for inductive coupling to the inductor, and (iv) an electrical conductor coupled to the sensor antenna. An electrically non-conductive housing accessible from a position outside of the tank houses antennas arrayed in a pattern. Each antenna is electrically coupled to the electrical conductor from a corresponding one of the sections. A magnetic field response recorder has a measurement head with transceiving antennas arrayed therein to correspond to the pattern of the housing's antennas. When a measurement is to be taken, the measurement head is mechanically coupled to the housing so that each housing antenna is substantially aligned with a specific one of the transceiving antennas.

The feasibility of replacing or upgrading utility distribution transformers during routine maintenance

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Barnes, P.R.; Van Dyke, J.W.; McConnell, B.W.

It is estimated that electric utilities use about 40 million distribution transformers in supplying electricity to customers in the United States. Although utility distribution transformers collectively have a high average efficiency, they account for approximately 61 billion kWh of the 229 billion kWh of energy lost annually in the delivery of electricity. Distribution transformers are being replaced over time by new, more efficient, lower-loss units during routine utility maintenance of power distribution systems. Maintenance is typically not performed on units in service. However, units removed from service with appreciable remaining life are often refurbished and returned to stock. Distribution transformersmore » may be removed from service for many reasons, including failure, over- or underloading, or line upgrades such as voltage changes or rerouting. When distribution transformers are removed from service, a decision must be made whether to dispose of the transformer and purchase a lower-loss replacement or to refurbish the transformer and return it to stock for future use. This report contains findings and recommendations on replacing utility distribution transformers during routine maintenance, which is required by section 124(c) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992. The objectives of the study are to evaluate the practicability, cost-effectiveness, and potential energy savings of replacing or upgrading existing transformers during routine utility maintenance and to develop recommendations on was to achieve the potential energy savings.« less

49 CFR 1245.6 - Cross reference to standard occupational classification manual.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...: Electrical Worker (lineman) 6433. Electrical Worker (groundsman) 6432. Communications Maintainer 6151... Maintainer Helper 8635. 320Camp Car Cooks: Camp Car Cook 5214. Camp Car Helper 5219. 400Maintenance of... Reclamations Plant 6318. Assist. General Foreman 6318. 403Equipment, Shop, Electrical Inspectors: Chief...

49 CFR 1245.6 - Cross reference to standard occupational classification manual.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...: Electrical Worker (lineman) 6433. Electrical Worker (groundsman) 6432. Communications Maintainer 6151... Maintainer Helper 8635. 320Camp Car Cooks: Camp Car Cook 5214. Camp Car Helper 5219. 400Maintenance of... Reclamations Plant 6318. Assist. General Foreman 6318. 403Equipment, Shop, Electrical Inspectors: Chief...

49 CFR 1245.6 - Cross reference to standard occupational classification manual.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...: Electrical Worker (lineman) 6433. Electrical Worker (groundsman) 6432. Communications Maintainer 6151... Maintainer Helper 8635. 320Camp Car Cooks: Camp Car Cook 5214. Camp Car Helper 5219. 400Maintenance of... Reclamations Plant 6318. Assist. General Foreman 6318. 403Equipment, Shop, Electrical Inspectors: Chief...

Energy 101: Electric Vehicles

ScienceCinema

None

2018-03-02

This edition of Energy 101 highlights the benefits of electric vehicles, including improved fuel efficiency, reduced emissions, and lower maintenance costs. For more information on electric vehicles from the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, visit the Vehicle Technologies Program website: http://www1.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels/

Cleaning High-Voltage Equipment With Corncob Grit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Caveness, C.

1986-01-01

High electrical resistance of particles makes power shutdown unnecessary. New, inexpensive method of cleaning high-voltage electrical equipment uses plentiful agricultural product - corncob grit. Method removes dirt and debris from transformers, circuit breakers, and similar equipment. Suitable for utilities, large utility customers, and electrical-maintenance services.

76 FR 56745 - Notice of Availability of Government-Owned Inventions; Available for Licensing

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-14

... No. 12/175262: Coupled Electric Field Sensors for DC Target Electric Field Detection; U.S. Patent Application No. 12/732023: Coupled Bi-Stable Microcircuit System for Ultra-Sensitive Electrical and Magnetic... Electric Field Sensing Utilizing Differential Transistors Pairs. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Brian Suh...

Electrically controllable photonic molecule laser.

PubMed

Fasching, G; Deutsch, Ch; Benz, A; Andrews, A M; Klang, P; Zobl, R; Schrenk, W; Strasser, G; Ragulis, P; Tamosiūnas, V; Unterrainer, K

2009-10-26

We have studied the coherent intercavity coupling of the evanescent fields of two microdisk terahertz quantum-cascade lasers. The electrically controllable optical coupling of the single-mode operating lasers has been observed for cavity spacings up to 30 mum. The strongest coupled photonic molecule with 2 mum intercavity spacing allows to conditionally switch the optical emission by the electrical modulation of only one microdisk. The lasing threshold characteristics demonstrate the linear dependence of the gain of a quantum-cascade laser on the applied electric field.

Large dynamic range radiation detector and methods thereof

DOEpatents

Marrs, Roscoe E [Livermore, CA; Madden, Norman W [Sparks, NV

2012-02-14

According to one embodiment, a radiation detector comprises a scintillator and a photodiode optically coupled to the scintillator. The radiation detector also includes a bias voltage source electrically coupled to the photodiode, a first detector operatively electrically coupled to the photodiode for generating a signal indicative of a level of a charge at an output of the photodiode, and a second detector operatively electrically coupled to the bias voltage source for generating a signal indicative of an amount of current flowing through the photodiode.

Transition-edge sensor with enhanced electrothermal feedback for cryogenic particle detection

DOEpatents

Nam, Sae Woo; Cabrera, Blas

2001-01-01

A superconducting transition-edge sensor with an electrothermal-feedback circuit, a heat sink thermally coupled thereto, a bias-feedback circuit electrically coupled with the electrothermal feedback circuit, and a current sensor electrically coupled with the bias-feedback circuit and inductively coupled with the electrothermal-feedback circuit.

Shot Noise in Superconducting Wires Applied with a Periodic Electric Field.

PubMed

Chen, Qiao; Xu, Ning

2018-05-01

We have investigated the differential conductance and shot noise for the system of superconducting nanowires irradiated with a periodic electric field by nonequilibrium Green's functions. The numerical results show that the coupling between the Majorana bound states (MBSs) can be tuned by the periodic electric field. The width of barriers has huge influence on the coupling of MBSs, however, the separation between barriers affect the coupling faintly. The coupling increases with the width of barriers, the number of barriers and the strength of barriers. In addition, super-Poissonian shot noise emerges as the coupling increases.

A guide to onboard checkout. Volume 3: Electrical power

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1971-01-01

The baseline electrical power subsystem for a space station is considered. The subsystem was anlayzed in order to define onboard checkout requirements. Reliability, failure effects, and maintenance are discussed.

Relationship challenges and relationship maintenance activities following disclosure of transsexualism.

PubMed

Alegría, C Aramburu

2010-12-01

• Transsexual persons are increasing their visibility in society, and health care providers and others (such as social workers) will be called upon to help with issues that transsexual persons face. Challenges that face transsexual persons often include issues involving relationships. Psychiatric and mental health nurses and other caregivers can increase their therapeutic skills in working with couples that include transsexual persons by becoming aware of these challenges and subsequent activities that can help with them. • This research study looks at couple relationships in which one partner reveals male-to-female transsexual identity. These are relationships that were established as man-woman and now will transition into relationships that include a male-to-female person and a female partner. • Common challenges for these couples include issues related to: (1) sexual identity and relationship uncertainty; (2) male-to-female transition decision making; and (3) presenting in public. • Relationship maintenance activities that helped the couples in the study maintain and strengthen their relationships through these challenges include: (1) communication; (2) self-talk (for example, putting the situation in perspective); (3) social networks; (4) positive interactions; (5) impression management (for example, managing displays of affection in public); and (6) social activism. This qualitative study describes the relational dynamics that help sustain relationships of couples that include male-to-female transsexual persons (MTF) and their natal female partners (NF) following disclosure of transsexualism. Relationship challenges and relationship maintenance activities are identified. Each partner in 17 MTF-NF couples participated in individual surveys and interviews. The data were coded for themes related to relationship challenges and activities. MTF-NF couples experience challenges within the contexts of their relationships and of society. These challenges include: (1) sexual identity and relationship uncertainty; (2) male-to-female transition decision making; and (3) public presentation. Relationship maintenance activities enabled the study couples to maintain and strengthen their relationships through these challenges. These activities include: (1) communication; (2) self-talk; (3) social networks; (4) positivity; (5) impression management; and (6) social activism. Via this report, psychiatric and mental health nurses can increase their therapeutic skills in working with MTF-NF couples. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing.

Aircraft Electronics Maintenance Training Simulator. Curriculum Outlines.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blackhawk Technical Coll., Janesville, WI.

Instructional materials are provided for nine courses in an aircraft electronics maintenance training program. Courses are as follows: aviation basic electricity, direct current and alternating current electronics, basic avionic installations, analog electronics, digital electronics, microcomputer electronics, radio communications, aircraft…

NREL-KPA-Toyota Collaboration Facilitates Permitting of Fuel Cell Electric

Science.gov Websites

operation, the likelihood of a release can increase during certain operations, such as maintenance on the requirements for FCEV maintenance activity. Hydrogen sensors were one key element to this design. In the first

Long-term maintenance monitoring demonstration on a movable bridge.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-09-30

The maintenance costs related to movable bridges are considerably higher than those of fixed bridges, mostly : because of the complex interaction of the mechanical, electrical and structural components. A malfunction of any : component can cause an u...

46 CFR 111.01-1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false General. 111.01-1 Section 111.01-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS General § 111.01-1 General. (a) Electric installations on vessels must ensure: (1) Maintenance of services...

46 CFR 111.01-1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false General. 111.01-1 Section 111.01-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS General § 111.01-1 General. (a) Electric installations on vessels must ensure: (1) Maintenance of services...

Ideas To Save Electricity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gardner, John C.

1974-01-01

Significant energy savings can be effected through stopping obvious waste of water, electricity, and heat; purchasing equipment with the correct voltage and horsepower; equipment maintenance; and redesigning or replacing obsolete or inefficient equipment. (Author/MF)

Introducing Magneto-Optical Functions into Soft Materials

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-05-03

the electromagnet as illustrated in Figure 1(b). This experimental measurement allowed us to explore magneto- electric coupling in both ground and...short-range spin-spin interaction. As a general conclusion, the -d electron coupling promise the existence of photo-adjustable magneto- electric ...coupling, paving the way for the realization of magneto- electric -optical applications. Intermoleuar SOC SB Orb S B OrbHinter Hinter 1 2 (b

Vehicle's lightweight design vs. electrification from life cycle assessment perspective

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mayyas, Ahmad; Omar, Mohammed; Hayajneh, Mohammed

Lightwiegh materials and vehicles' electrification are among the most viable and economic solutions to improve fuel ecocnmoy of vehicles and reduce environmental impacts in the operational phase of typical vehicle's life cycle span. This study aims to shed more light on the combined effect of lightweighing and electrification by assessing different lightweight designs and electric powetrians from the environmental perspective using a life cycle analysis coupled with an emphasis on energy expenditures and carbon dioxide emissions. This article discusses the life cycle assessment for several advanced powertrains namely; plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), battery electric vehicles (BEV) and hybrid electricmore » vehicles (HEV) relative to the conventional gasoline operated internal combustion engine based power train vehicles. The main focus will be on the energy greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in the material extraction and resources phase, manufacturing phase and use phase (operation and maintenance). While most of the current studies focus on the use phase that does not reflect the correct environmental impacts associated with advanced powertrains, thus the presented text applies a holistic LCA approach that covers pre-manufacturing, manufacturing, operational and end-of-life phases, plus another indirect phase to account for fuel extraction, refining and transportation to the end-users or customers. Based on the LCA emissions results, one may infer that environmental policies that reduce emissions rates from the electricity sector can mitigate this effect without completely eliminating it. Interestingly, the analysis show that lightweight vehicles with internal combustion engines have less impacts on the environment as a direct result of upstream emissions associated with electricity generation in United States. This scenario can differ in other countries with higher renewable and sustainable energy generated electric powers.« less

Vehicle's lightweight design vs. electrification from life cycle assessment perspective

DOE PAGES

Mayyas, Ahmad; Omar, Mohammed; Hayajneh, Mohammed; ...

2017-08-17

Lightwiegh materials and vehicles' electrification are among the most viable and economic solutions to improve fuel ecocnmoy of vehicles and reduce environmental impacts in the operational phase of typical vehicle's life cycle span. This study aims to shed more light on the combined effect of lightweighing and electrification by assessing different lightweight designs and electric powetrians from the environmental perspective using a life cycle analysis coupled with an emphasis on energy expenditures and carbon dioxide emissions. This article discusses the life cycle assessment for several advanced powertrains namely; plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), battery electric vehicles (BEV) and hybrid electricmore » vehicles (HEV) relative to the conventional gasoline operated internal combustion engine based power train vehicles. The main focus will be on the energy greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in the material extraction and resources phase, manufacturing phase and use phase (operation and maintenance). While most of the current studies focus on the use phase that does not reflect the correct environmental impacts associated with advanced powertrains, thus the presented text applies a holistic LCA approach that covers pre-manufacturing, manufacturing, operational and end-of-life phases, plus another indirect phase to account for fuel extraction, refining and transportation to the end-users or customers. Based on the LCA emissions results, one may infer that environmental policies that reduce emissions rates from the electricity sector can mitigate this effect without completely eliminating it. Interestingly, the analysis show that lightweight vehicles with internal combustion engines have less impacts on the environment as a direct result of upstream emissions associated with electricity generation in United States. This scenario can differ in other countries with higher renewable and sustainable energy generated electric powers.« less

Design, Fabrication and Characterization of a MEMS-Based Three-Dimensional Electric Field Sensor with Low Cross-Axis Coupling Interference

PubMed Central

Ling, Biyun; Peng, Chunrong; Ren, Ren; Chu, Zhaozhi; Zhang, Zhouwei; Lei, Hucheng; Xia, Shanhong

2018-01-01

One of the major concerns in the development of three-dimensional (3D) electric field sensors (EFSs) is their susceptibility to cross-axis coupling interference. The output signal for each sensing axis of a 3D EFS is often coupled by electric field components from the two other orthogonal sensing axes. In this paper, a one-dimensional (1D) electric field sensor chip (EFSC) with low cross-axis coupling interference is presented. It is designed to be symmetrical, forming a pair of in-plane symmetrically-located sensing structures. Using a difference circuit, the 1D EFSC is capable of sensing parallel electric fields along symmetrical structures and eliminating cross-axis coupling interference, which is contrast to previously reported 1D EFSCs designed for perpendicular electric field component measurement. Thus, a 3D EFS with low cross-axis coupling interference can be realized using three proposed 1D EFSCs. This 3D EFS has the advantages of low cross-axis coupling interference, small size, and high integration. The testing and calibration systems of the proposed 3D EFS were developed. Experimental results show that in the range of 0–120 kV/m, cross-axis sensitivities are within 5.48%, and the total measurement errors of this 3D EFS are within 6.16%. PMID:29543744

AUTOMOTIVE DIESEL MAINTENANCE 2. UNIT XX, TROUBLESHOOTING ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Minnesota State Dept. of Education, St. Paul. Div. of Vocational and Technical Education.

THIS MODULE OF A 25-MODULE COURSE IS DESIGNED TO ACQUAINT THE TRAINEE WITH TROUBLESHOOTING PROCEDURES FOR DIESEL ENGINE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS. TOPICS ARE (1) TROUBLESHOOTING ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS (INTRODUCTION), (2) TOOLS AND INSTRUMENTS FOR TROUBLESHOOTING, (3) THE BATTERY, (4) PERIODIC BATTERY SERVICING, (5) THE DC CHARGING SYSTEM, (6) PERIODIC…

49 CFR 236.207 - Electric lock on hand-operated switch; control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... THE INSTALLATION, INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR OF SIGNAL AND TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND APPLIANCES Automatic Block Signal Systems Standards § 236.207 Electric lock on hand-operated... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Electric lock on hand-operated switch; control...

7 CFR 1730.26 - Certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... ELECTRIC SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Operations and Maintenance Requirements § 1730.26 Certification. (a) Engineer's certification. Where provided for in the borrower's loan documents, RUS may require the borrower to provide an “Engineer's Certification” as to the condition of the borrower's system...

7 CFR 1730.26 - Certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... ELECTRIC SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Operations and Maintenance Requirements § 1730.26 Certification. (a) Engineer's certification. Where provided for in the borrower's loan documents, RUS may require the borrower to provide an “Engineer's Certification” as to the condition of the borrower's system...

7 CFR 1730.26 - Certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... ELECTRIC SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Operations and Maintenance Requirements § 1730.26 Certification. (a) Engineer's certification. Where provided for in the borrower's loan documents, RUS may require the borrower to provide an “Engineer's Certification” as to the condition of the borrower's system...

7 CFR 1730.26 - Certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... ELECTRIC SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Operations and Maintenance Requirements § 1730.26 Certification. (a) Engineer's certification. Where provided for in the borrower's loan documents, RUS may require the borrower to provide an “Engineer's Certification” as to the condition of the borrower's system...

7 CFR 1730.26 - Certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... ELECTRIC SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Operations and Maintenance Requirements § 1730.26 Certification. (a) Engineer's certification. Where provided for in the borrower's loan documents, RUS may require the borrower to provide an “Engineer's Certification” as to the condition of the borrower's system...

7 CFR 1730.20 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... and maintaining an Emergency Restoration Plan (ERP), maintaining records of the physical, cyber and... ELECTRIC SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Operations and Maintenance Requirements § 1730.20 General. Each... and maintain its system in compliance with prudent utility practice, in compliance with its loan...

7 CFR 1730.20 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... and maintaining an Emergency Restoration Plan (ERP), maintaining records of the physical, cyber and... ELECTRIC SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Operations and Maintenance Requirements § 1730.20 General. Each... and maintain its system in compliance with prudent utility practice, in compliance with its loan...

7 CFR 1730.20 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... and maintaining an Emergency Restoration Plan (ERP), maintaining records of the physical, cyber and... ELECTRIC SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Operations and Maintenance Requirements § 1730.20 General. Each... and maintain its system in compliance with prudent utility practice, in compliance with its loan...

7 CFR 1730.20 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... and maintaining an Emergency Restoration Plan (ERP), maintaining records of the physical, cyber and... ELECTRIC SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Operations and Maintenance Requirements § 1730.20 General. Each... and maintain its system in compliance with prudent utility practice, in compliance with its loan...

Network based management for multiplexed electric vehicle charging

DOEpatents

Gadh, Rajit; Chung, Ching Yen; Qui, Li

2017-04-11

A system for multiplexing charging of electric vehicles, comprising a server coupled to a plurality of charging control modules over a network. Each of said charging modules being connected to a voltage source such that each charging control module is configured to regulate distribution of voltage from the voltage source to an electric vehicle coupled to the charging control module. Data collection and control software is provided on the server for identifying a plurality of electric vehicles coupled to the plurality of charging control modules and selectively distributing charging of the plurality of charging control modules to multiplex distribution of voltage to the plurality of electric vehicles.

Space station orbit maintenance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kaplan, D. I.; Jones, R. M.

1983-01-01

The orbit maintenance problem is examined for two low-earth-orbiting space station concepts - the large, manned Space Operations Center (SOC) and the smaller, unmanned Science and Applications Space Platform (SASP). Atmospheric drag forces are calculated, and circular orbit altitudes are selected to assure a 90 day decay period in the event of catastrophic propulsion system failure. Several thrusting strategies for orbit maintenance are discussed. Various chemical and electric propulsion systems for orbit maintenance are compared on the basis of propellant resupply requirements, power requirements, Shuttle launch costs, and technology readiness.

Electrical Ground Support Equipment Fabrication, Specification for

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Denson, Erik C.

2014-01-01

This document specifies parts, materials, and processes used in the fabrication, maintenance, repair, and procurement of electrical and electronic control and monitoring equipment associated with ground support equipment (GSE) at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC).

76 FR 70166 - Electrical Standards for Construction and General Industry; Extension of the Office of Management...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-10

... maintenance of electric utilization equipment that prevent death and serious injuries among construction and... workplace, thereby preventing serious injury and death by electrocution. The information collection...

Front-Line Resilience Perspectives: The Electric Grid

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Finster, M.; Phillips, J.; Wallace, K.

2016-11-01

This report seeks to summarize how states and local utility companies are approaching all-hazards resilience in planning, construction, operations, and maintenance of the electric system, as well as challenges faced when addressing all-hazards resilience.

Accentuating the Positive, Eliminating the Negative? Relationship Maintenance as a Predictor of Two-Dimensional Relationship Quality

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malinen, Kaisa; Tolvanen, Asko; Ronka, Anna

2012-01-01

In this study, relationship maintenance and its connections with positive and negative relationship quality were examined among Finnish parents (N = 177 women and 153 men; i.e., partners from 150 couples and 27 women and 3 men whose partner did not participate in the study). Relationship maintenance was measured using Stafford, Dainton, and Haas's…

8. ARAI Shop and maintenance building ARA627 interior view. Remains ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. ARA-I Shop and maintenance building ARA-627 interior view. Remains of cabinetry and electrical switch panel in one of rooms. Ineel photo no. 1-11. - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Army Reactors Experimental Area, Scoville, Butte County, ID

Aviation Maintenance Technology. Course Content Guides. FAA Approved Curriculum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shrawder, Jack; And Others

Course content guides are provided for the 30 courses in this aviation maintenance technology curriculum approved by the Federal Aviation Administration. Course titles are physics for technicians; aircraft information, regulations, and procedures; aircraft assembly; fundamentals of aircraft electronics; aircraft electrical components; aircraft…

Constraining Unsaturated Hydraulic Parameters Using the Latin Hypercube Sampling Method and Coupled Hydrogeophysical Approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Farzamian, Mohammad; Monteiro Santos, Fernando A.; Khalil, Mohamed A.

2017-12-01

The coupled hydrogeophysical approach has proved to be a valuable tool for improving the use of geoelectrical data for hydrological model parameterization. In the coupled approach, hydrological parameters are directly inferred from geoelectrical measurements in a forward manner to eliminate the uncertainty connected to the independent inversion of electrical resistivity data. Several numerical studies have been conducted to demonstrate the advantages of a coupled approach; however, only a few attempts have been made to apply the coupled approach to actual field data. In this study, we developed a 1D coupled hydrogeophysical code to estimate the van Genuchten-Mualem model parameters, K s, n, θ r and α, from time-lapse vertical electrical sounding data collected during a constant inflow infiltration experiment. van Genuchten-Mualem parameters were sampled using the Latin hypercube sampling method to provide a full coverage of the range of each parameter from their distributions. By applying the coupled approach, vertical electrical sounding data were coupled to hydrological models inferred from van Genuchten-Mualem parameter samples to investigate the feasibility of constraining the hydrological model. The key approaches taken in the study are to (1) integrate electrical resistivity and hydrological data and avoiding data inversion, (2) estimate the total water mass recovery of electrical resistivity data and consider it in van Genuchten-Mualem parameters evaluation and (3) correct the influence of subsurface temperature fluctuations during the infiltration experiment on electrical resistivity data. The results of the study revealed that the coupled hydrogeophysical approach can improve the value of geophysical measurements in hydrological model parameterization. However, the approach cannot overcome the technical limitations of the geoelectrical method associated with resolution and of water mass recovery.

Spin- and valley-dependent electrical conductivity of ferromagnetic group-IV 2D sheets in the topological insulator phase

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hoi, Bui Dinh; Yarmohammadi, Mohsen; Mirabbaszadeh, Kavoos; Habibiyan, Hamidreza

2018-03-01

In this work, based on the Kubo-Greenwood formalism and the k . p Hamiltonian model, the impact of Rashba spin-orbit coupling on electronic band structure and electrical conductivity of spin-up and spin-down subbands in counterparts of graphene, including silicene, stanene, and germanene nanosheets has been studied. When Rashba coupling is considered, the effective mass of Dirac fermions decreases significantly and no significant change is caused by this coupling for the subband gaps. All these nanosheets are found to be in topological insulator quantum phase at low staggered on-site potentials due to the applied perpendicular external electric field. We point out that the electrical conductivity of germanene increases gradually with Rashab coupling, while silicene and stanene have some fluctuations due to their smaller Fermi velocity. Furthermore, some critical temperatures with the same electrical conductivity values for jumping to the higher energy levels are observed at various Rashba coupling strengths. For all structures, a broad peak appears at low temperatures in electrical conductivity curves corresponding to the large entropy of systems when the thermal energy reaches to the difference between the energy states. Finally, we have reported that silicene has the larger has the larger electrical conductivity than two others.

A new theoretical formulation of coupling thermo-electric breakdown in LDPE film under dc high applied fields

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boughariou, F.; Chouikhi, S.; Kallel, A.; Belgaroui, E.

2015-12-01

In this paper, we present a new theoretical and numerical formulation for the electrical and thermal breakdown phenomena, induced by charge packet dynamics, in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) insulating film under dc high applied field. The theoretical physical formulation is composed by the equations of bipolar charge transport as well as by the thermo-electric coupled equation associated for the first time in modeling to the bipolar transport problem. This coupled equation is resolved by the finite-element numerical model. For the first time, all bipolar transport results are obtained under non-uniform temperature distributions in the sample bulk. The principal original results show the occurring of very sudden abrupt increase in local temperature associated to a very sharp increase in external and conduction current densities appearing during the steady state. The coupling between these electrical and thermal instabilities reflects physically the local coupling between electrical conduction and thermal joule effect. The results of non-uniform temperature distributions induced by non-uniform electrical conduction current are also presented for several times. According to our formulation, the strong injection current is the principal factor of the electrical and thermal breakdown of polymer insulating material. This result is shown in this work. Our formulation is also validated experimentally.

Electrical coupling between A17 cells enhances reciprocal inhibitory feedback to rod bipolar cells.

PubMed

Elgueta, Claudio; Leroy, Felix; Vielma, Alex H; Schmachtenberg, Oliver; Palacios, Adrian G

2018-02-15

A17 amacrine cells are an important part of the scotopic pathway. Their synaptic varicosities receive glutamatergic inputs from rod bipolar cells (RBC) and release GABA onto the same RBC terminal, forming a reciprocal feedback that shapes RBC depolarization. Here, using patch-clamp recordings, we characterized electrical coupling between A17 cells of the rat retina and report the presence of strongly interconnected and non-coupled A17 cells. In coupled A17 cells, evoked currents preferentially flow out of the cell through GJs and cross-synchronization of presynaptic signals in a pair of A17 cells is correlated to their coupling degree. Moreover, we demonstrate that stimulation of one A17 cell can induce electrical and calcium transients in neighboring A17 cells, thus confirming a functional flow of information through electrical synapses in the A17 coupled network. Finally, blocking GJs caused a strong decrease in the amplitude of the inhibitory feedback onto RBCs. We therefore propose that electrical coupling between A17 cells enhances feedback onto RBCs by synchronizing and facilitating GABA release from inhibitory varicosities surrounding each RBC axon terminal. GJs between A17 cells are therefore critical in shaping the visual flow through the scotopic pathway.

Ultra-small single-negative electric metamaterials for electromagnetic coupling reduction of microstrip antenna array.

PubMed

Xu, He-Xiu; Wang, Guang-Ming; Qi, Mei-Qing; Zeng, Hui-Yong

2012-09-24

We report initially the design, fabrication and measurement of using waveguided electric metamaterials (MTM) in the design of closely-spaced microtrip antenna arrays with mutual coupling reduction. The complementary spiral ring resonators (CSRs) which exhibit single negative resonant permittivity around 3.5GHz are used as the basic electric MTM element. For verification, two CSRs with two and three concentric rings are considered, respectively. By properly arranging these well engineered waveguided MTMs between two H-plane coupled patch antennas, both numerical and measured results indicate that more than 8.4 dB mutual coupling reduction is obtained. The mechanism has been studied from a physical insight. The electric MTM element is electrically small, enabling the resultant antenna array to exhibit a small separation (λo/8 at the operating wavelength) and thus a high directivity. The proposed strategy opens an avenue to new types of antenna with super performances and can be generalized for other electric resonators.

Microscopic theory of the Coulomb based exchange coupling in magnetic tunnel junctions.

PubMed

Udalov, O G; Beloborodov, I S

2017-05-04

We study interlayer exchange coupling based on the many-body Coulomb interaction between conduction electrons in magnetic tunnel junction. This mechanism complements the known interaction between magnetic layers based on virtual electron hopping (or spin currents). We find that these two mechanisms have different behavior on system parameters. The Coulomb based coupling may exceed the hopping based exchange. We show that the Coulomb based exchange interaction, in contrast to the hopping based coupling, depends strongly on the dielectric constant of the insulating layer. The dependence of the interlayer exchange interaction on the dielectric properties of the insulating layer in magnetic tunnel junction is similar to magneto-electric effect where electric and magnetic degrees of freedom are coupled. We calculate the interlayer coupling as a function of temperature and electric field for magnetic tunnel junction with ferroelectric layer and show that the exchange interaction between magnetic leads has a sharp decrease in the vicinity of the ferroelectric phase transition and varies strongly with external electric field.

Excitement and synchronization of small-world neuronal networks with short-term synaptic plasticity.

PubMed

Han, Fang; Wiercigroch, Marian; Fang, Jian-An; Wang, Zhijie

2011-10-01

Excitement and synchronization of electrically and chemically coupled Newman-Watts (NW) small-world neuronal networks with a short-term synaptic plasticity described by a modified Oja learning rule are investigated. For each type of neuronal network, the variation properties of synaptic weights are examined first. Then the effects of the learning rate, the coupling strength and the shortcut-adding probability on excitement and synchronization of the neuronal network are studied. It is shown that the synaptic learning suppresses the over-excitement, helps synchronization for the electrically coupled network but impairs synchronization for the chemically coupled one. Both the introduction of shortcuts and the increase of the coupling strength improve synchronization and they are helpful in increasing the excitement for the chemically coupled network, but have little effect on the excitement of the electrically coupled one.

On the efficiency and reversibility of active ligand transport induced by alternating rectangular electric pulses.

PubMed Central

Chen, Y; Tsong, T Y

1994-01-01

The stationary-state kinetic properties of a simplified two-state electro-conformational coupling model (ECC) in the presence of alternating rectangular electric potential pulses are derived analytically. Analytic expressions for the transport flux, the rate of electric energy dissipation, and the efficiency of the transducing system are obtained as a function of the amplitude and frequency of the oscillation. These formulas clarify some fundamental concept of the ECC model and are directly applicable to the interpretation and design of experiments. Based on these formulas, the reversibility and the degree of coupling of the system can be studied quantitatively. It is found that the oscillation-induced free energy transduction is reversible and tight-coupled only when the amplitude of the oscillating electric field is infinitely large. In general, the coupling is not tight when the amplitude of the electric field is finite. Furthermore, depending on the kinetic parameters of the model, there may exist a "critical" electric field amplitude, below which free energy transduction is not reversible. That is, energy may be transduced from the electric to the chemical, but not from the chemical to the electric. PMID:8075348

Electrical Load and Energy Management. Course Outline and Instructional Materials.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wang, Paul

Presented are 13 lecture outlines with accompanying handouts and reference lists for teaching school administrators and maintenance personnel the use of electrical load management as an energy conservation tool. To aid course participants in making cost effective use of electrical power, methods of load management in a variety of situations are…

Pulse shaping system

DOEpatents

Skeldon, Mark D.; Letzring, Samuel A.

1999-03-23

Temporally shaped electrical waveform generation provides electrical waveforms suitable for driving an electro-optic modulator (EOM) which produces temporally shaped optical laser pulses for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) research. The temporally shaped electrical waveform generation is carried out with aperture coupled transmission lines having an input transmission line and an aperture coupled output transmission line, along which input and output pulses propagate in opposite directions. The output electrical waveforms are shaped principally due to the selection of coupling aperture width, in a direction transverse to the lines, which varies along the length of the line. Specific electrical waveforms, which may be high voltage (up to kilovolt range), are produced and applied to the EOM to produce specifically shaped optical laser pulses.

Pulse shaping system

DOEpatents

Skeldon, M.D.; Letzring, S.A.

1999-03-23

Temporally shaped electrical waveform generation provides electrical waveforms suitable for driving an electro-optic modulator (EOM) which produces temporally shaped optical laser pulses for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) research. The temporally shaped electrical waveform generation is carried out with aperture coupled transmission lines having an input transmission line and an aperture coupled output transmission line, along which input and output pulses propagate in opposite directions. The output electrical waveforms are shaped principally due to the selection of coupling aperture width, in a direction transverse to the lines, which varies along the length of the line. Specific electrical waveforms, which may be high voltage (up to kilovolt range), are produced and applied to the EOM to produce specifically shaped optical laser pulses. 8 figs.

Effect of electrical coupling on ionic current and synaptic potential measurements.

PubMed

Rabbah, Pascale; Golowasch, Jorge; Nadim, Farzan

2005-07-01

Recent studies have found electrical coupling to be more ubiquitous than previously thought, and coupling through gap junctions is known to play a crucial role in neuronal function and network output. In particular, current spread through gap junctions may affect the activation of voltage-dependent conductances as well as chemical synaptic release. Using voltage-clamp recordings of two strongly electrically coupled neurons of the lobster stomatogastric ganglion and conductance-based models of these neurons, we identified effects of electrical coupling on the measurement of leak and voltage-gated outward currents, as well as synaptic potentials. Experimental measurements showed that both leak and voltage-gated outward currents are recruited by gap junctions from neurons coupled to the clamped cell. Nevertheless, in spite of the strong coupling between these neurons, the errors made in estimating voltage-gated conductance parameters were relatively minor (<10%). Thus in many cases isolation of coupled neurons may not be required if a small degree of measurement error of the voltage-gated currents or the synaptic potentials is acceptable. Modeling results show, however, that such errors may be as high as 20% if the gap-junction position is near the recording site or as high as 90% when measuring smaller voltage-gated ionic currents. Paradoxically, improved space clamp increases the errors arising from electrical coupling because voltage control across gap junctions is poor for even the highest realistic coupling conductances. Furthermore, the common procedure of leak subtraction can add an extra error to the conductance measurement, the sign of which depends on the maximal conductance.

Coherence and frequency in the reticular activating system (RAS)

PubMed Central

Garcia-Rill, Edgar; Kezunovic, Nebojsa; Hyde, James; Simon, Christen; Beck, Paige; Urbano, Francisco J.

2012-01-01

SUMMARY This review considers recent evidence showing that cells in the reticular activating system (RAS) exhibit 1) electrical coupling mainly in GABAergic cells, and 2) gamma band activity in virtually all of the cells. Specifically, cells in the mesopontine pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), intralaminar parafascicular nucleus (Pf), and pontine dorsal subcoeruleus nucleus dorsalis (SubCD) 1) show electrical coupling, and 2) all fire in the beta/gamma band range when maximally activated, but no higher. The mechanism behind electrical coupling is important because the stimulant modafinil was shown to increase electrical coupling. We also provide recent findings demonstrating that all cells in the PPN and Pf have high threshold, voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channels that are essential to gamma band activity. On the other hand, all SubCD, and some PPN, cells manifested sodium-dependent subthreshold oscillations. A novel mechanism for sleep-wake control based on transmitter interactions, electrical coupling, and gamma band activity is described. We speculate that continuous sensory input will modulate coupling and induce gamma band activity in the RAS that could participate in the processes of preconscious awareness, and provide the essential stream of information for the formulation of many of our actions. PMID:23044219

Coherence and frequency in the reticular activating system (RAS).

PubMed

Garcia-Rill, Edgar; Kezunovic, Nebojsa; Hyde, James; Simon, Christen; Beck, Paige; Urbano, Francisco J

2013-06-01

This review considers recent evidence showing that cells in the reticular activating system (RAS) exhibit (1) electrical coupling mainly in GABAergic cells, and (2) gamma band activity in virtually all of the cells. Specifically, cells in the mesopontine pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), intralaminar parafascicular nucleus (Pf), and pontine dorsal subcoeruleus nucleus dorsalis (SubCD) (1) show electrical coupling, and (2) all fire in the beta/gamma band range when maximally activated, but no higher. The mechanism behind electrical coupling is important because the stimulant modafinil was shown to increase electrical coupling. We also provide recent findings demonstrating that all cells in the PPN and Pf have high threshold, voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channels that are essential to gamma band activity. On the other hand, all SubCD, and some PPN, cells manifested sodium-dependent subthreshold oscillations. A novel mechanism for sleep-wake control based on transmitter interactions, electrical coupling, and gamma band activity is described. We speculate that continuous sensory input will modulate coupling and induce gamma band activity in the RAS that could participate in the processes of preconscious awareness, and provide the essential stream of information for the formulation of many of our actions. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Converter topologies for common mode voltage reduction

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rodriguez, Fernando

An inverter includes a three-winding transformer, a DC-AC inverter electrically coupled to the first winding of the transformer, a cycloconverter electrically coupled to the second winding of the transformer, and an active filter electrically coupled to the third winding of the transformer. The DC-AC inverter is adapted to convert the input DC waveform to an AC waveform delivered to the transformer at the first winding. The cycloconverter is adapted to convert an AC waveform received at the second winding of the transformer to the output AC waveform having a grid frequency of the AC grid. The active filter is adaptedmore » to sink and source power with one or more energy storage devices based on a mismatch in power between the DC source and the AC grid. At least two of the DC-AC inverter, the cycloconverter, or the active filter are electrically coupled via a common reference electrical interconnect.« less

The microeconomics of residential photovoltaics: Tariffs, network operation and maintenance, and ancillary services in distribution-level electricity markets

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Boero, Riccardo; Backhaus, Scott N.; Edwards, Brian K.

Here, we develop a microeconomic model of a distribution-level electricity market that takes explicit account of residential photovoltaics (PV) adoption. The model allows us to study the consequences of most tariffs on PV adoption and the consequences of increased residential PV adoption under the assumption of economic sustainability for electric utilities. We also validated the model using U.S. data and extend it to consider different pricing schemes for operation and maintenance costs of the distribution network and for ancillary services. Results show that net metering promotes more environmental benefits and social welfare than other tariffs. But, if costs to operatemore » the distribution network increase, net metering will amplify the unequal distribution of surplus among households. In conclusion, maintaining the economic sustainability of electric utilities under net metering may become extremely difficult unless the uneven distribution of surplus is legitimated by environmental benefits.« less

The microeconomics of residential photovoltaics: Tariffs, network operation and maintenance, and ancillary services in distribution-level electricity markets

DOE PAGES

Boero, Riccardo; Backhaus, Scott N.; Edwards, Brian K.

2016-11-12

Here, we develop a microeconomic model of a distribution-level electricity market that takes explicit account of residential photovoltaics (PV) adoption. The model allows us to study the consequences of most tariffs on PV adoption and the consequences of increased residential PV adoption under the assumption of economic sustainability for electric utilities. We also validated the model using U.S. data and extend it to consider different pricing schemes for operation and maintenance costs of the distribution network and for ancillary services. Results show that net metering promotes more environmental benefits and social welfare than other tariffs. But, if costs to operatemore » the distribution network increase, net metering will amplify the unequal distribution of surplus among households. In conclusion, maintaining the economic sustainability of electric utilities under net metering may become extremely difficult unless the uneven distribution of surplus is legitimated by environmental benefits.« less

Diesel Vehicle Maintenance Competencies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Braswell, Robert; And Others

Designed to provide a model set of competencies, this manual presents tasks which were identified by employers, employees, and teachers as important in a postsecondary diesel vehicle maintenance curriculum. The tasks are divided into seven major component areas of instruction: chassis and suspension, diesel engines, diesel fuel, electrical,…

Study on Earthquake Response of High Voltage Electrical Equipment Coupling System with Flexible Busbar

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Chuncheng; Qu, Da; Wang, Chongyang; Lv, Chunlei; Li, Guoqiang

2017-12-01

With the rapid development of technology and society, all walks of life in China are becoming more and more dependent on power systems. When earthquake occurs, the electrical equipment of substation is prone to damage because of its own structural features, top-heavy, and brittleness of main body. At the same time, due to the complex coupling of the soft electrical connection of substation electrical equipment, the negative impact can not be estimated. In this paper, the finite element model of the coupling system of the single unit of high voltage electrical equipment with the connecting soft bus is established and the seismic response is analysed. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the simple analysis for the seismic response of electrical equipment monomer and the analytical results of electrical equipment systems, and the impact on different electrical equipment is different. It lays a foundation for the future development of seismic performance analysis of extra high voltage electrical equipment.

The relationship between anatomically correct electric and magnetic field dosimetry and publishe delectric and magnetic field exposure limits.

PubMed

Kavet, Robert; Dovan, Thanh; Reilly, J Patrick

2012-12-01

Electric and magnetic field exposure limits published by International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers are aimed at protection against adverse electrostimulation, which may occur by direct coupling to excitable tissue and, in the case of electric fields, through indirect means associated with surface charge effects (e.g. hair vibration, skin sensations), spark discharge and contact current. For direct coupling, the basic restriction (BR) specifies the not-to-be-exceeded induced electric field. The key results of anatomically based electric and magnetic field dosimetry studies and the relevant characteristics of excitable tissue were first identified. This permitted us to assess the electric and magnetic field exposure levels that induce dose in tissue equal to the basic restrictions, and the relationships of those exposure levels to the limits now in effect. We identify scenarios in which direct coupling of electric fields to peripheral nerve could be a determining factor for electric field limits.

Final Environmental Assessment (EA), Long-Term Integrated Management of Mission-Generated Solid Waste, Edwards Air Force Base, California

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-11-28

infrastructure typically include energy, water, wastewater, electricity, natural gas , liquid fuel distribution systems, communication lines (e.g...with state off-road regulations would further reduce air quality and greenhouse gas emissions. Cultural Resources. The waste footprint as well as...maintenance of the prescriptive final cover and erosion control, landfill gas monitoring and well maintenance, groundwater monitoring and well maintenance

Adaptive Fractional-order Control for Synchronization of Two Coupled Neurons in the External Electrical Stimulation

PubMed Central

Mehdiabadi, M. R. Rahmani; Rouhani, E.; Mashhadi, S. K. Mousavi; Jalali, A. A.

2014-01-01

This paper addresses synchronizing two coupled chaotic FitzHugh–Nagumo (FHN) neurons with weakly gap junction under external electrical stimulation (EES). To transmit information among coupled neurons, by generalization of the integer-order FHN equations of the coupled system into the fractional-order in frequency domain using Crone approach, the behavior of each coupled neuron relies on its past behavior and the memorized system can be a better fit for the neuron response. An adaptive fractional-order controller based on the Lyaponuv stability theory was designed to synchronize two neurons electrically coupled with gap junction in EES. The proposed controller is also robust to the inevitable random noise such as disturbances of ionic channels. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the control scheme. PMID:25337373

Electrical Tuning of Exciton-Plasmon Polariton Coupling in Monolayer MoS2 Integrated with Plasmonic Nanoantenna Lattice.

PubMed

Lee, Bumsu; Liu, Wenjing; Naylor, Carl H; Park, Joohee; Malek, Stephanie C; Berger, Jacob S; Johnson, A T Charlie; Agarwal, Ritesh

2017-07-12

Active control of light-matter interactions in semiconductors is critical for realizing next generation optoelectronic devices with real-time control of the system's optical properties and hence functionalities via external fields. The ability to dynamically manipulate optical interactions by applied fields in active materials coupled to cavities with fixed geometrical parameters opens up possibilities of controlling the lifetimes, oscillator strengths, effective mass, and relaxation properties of a coupled exciton-photon (or plasmon) system. Here, we demonstrate electrical control of exciton-plasmon coupling strengths between strong and weak coupling limits in a two-dimensional semiconductor integrated with plasmonic nanoresonators assembled in a field-effect transistor device by electrostatic doping. As a result, the energy-momentum dispersions of such an exciton-plasmon coupled system can be altered dynamically with applied electric field by modulating the excitonic properties of monolayer MoS 2 arising from many-body effects. In addition, evidence of enhanced coupling between charged excitons (trions) and plasmons was also observed upon increased carrier injection, which can be utilized for fabricating Fermionic polaritonic and magnetoplasmonic devices. The ability to dynamically control the optical properties of a coupled exciton-plasmonic system with electric fields demonstrates the versatility of the coupled system and offers a new platform for the design of optoelectronic devices with precisely tailored responses.

Vision maintenance and retinal apoptosis reduction in RCS rats with Okayama University-type retinal prosthesis (OUReP™) implantation.

PubMed

Alamusi; Matsuo, Toshihiko; Hosoya, Osamu; Tsutsui, Kimiko M; Uchida, Tetsuya

2015-09-01

Photoelectric dye-coupled polyethylene film, designated Okayama University-type retinal prosthesis or OUReP™, generates light-evoked surface electric potentials and stimulates neurons. In this study, the vision was assessed by behavior tests in aged hereditary retinal dystrophic RCS rats with OUReP™, retinal apoptosis and electroretinographic responses were measured in dystrophic eyes with OUReP™. The dye-coupled films, or plain films as a control, were implanted in subretinal space of RCS rats. On behavior tests, RCS rats with dye-coupled films, implanted at the old age of 14 weeks, showed the larger number of head-turning, consistent with clockwise and anticlockwise rotation of a surrounding black-and-white-striped drum, compared with rats with plain films, under the dim (50 lux) and bright (150 lux) conditions in the observation period until the age of 22 weeks (n = 5, P < 0.05, repeated-measure ANOVA). The number of apoptotic cells in retinal sections at the site of dye-coupled film implantation was significantly smaller, compared with the other retinal sites, neighboring the film, or opposite to the film, 5 months after film implantation at the age of 6 weeks (P = 0.0021, Friedman test). The dystrophic eyes of RCS rats with dye-coupled films showed positive responses to maximal light stimulus at a significantly higher rate, compared with the eyes with no treatment (P < 0.05, Chi-square test). Electroretinograms in normal eyes of Wistar rats with dye-coupled or plain films showed significantly decreased amplitudes (n = 14, P < 0.05, repeated-measure ANOVA). In conclusions, vision was maintained in RCS rats with dye-coupled films implanted at the old age. The dystrophic eyes with dye-coupled films showed electroretinographic responses. Five-month film implantation caused no additional retinal changes.

Development and regeneration of the electric organ.

PubMed

Zakon, H H; Unguez, G A

1999-05-01

The electric organ has evolved independently from muscle in at least six lineages of fish. How does a differentiated muscle cell change its fate to become an electrocyte? Is the process by which this occurs similar in different lineages? We have begun to answer these questions by studying the formation and maintenance of electrocytes in the genus Sternopygus, a weakly electric teleost. Electrocytes arise from the fusion of fully differentiated muscle fibers, mainly those expressing fast isoforms of myosin. Electrocytes briefly co-express sarcomeric proteins, such as myosin and tropomyosin, and keratin, a protein not found in mature muscle. The sarcomeric proteins are subsequently down-regulated, but keratin expression persists. We investigated whether the maintenance of the electrocyte phenotype depends on innervation. We found that, after spinal cord transection, which silences the electromotor neurons that innervate the electrocytes, or destruction of the spinal cord, which denervates the electrocytes, mature electrocytes re-express sarcomeric myosin and tropomyosin, although keratin expression persists. Ultrastructural examination of denervated electrocytes revealed nascent sarcomeres. Thus, the maintenance of the electrocyte phenotype depends on neural activity.

Photonic-powered cable assembly

DOEpatents

Sanderson, Stephen N.; Appel, Titus James; Wrye, IV, Walter C.

2013-01-22

A photonic-cable assembly includes a power source cable connector ("PSCC") coupled to a power receive cable connector ("PRCC") via a fiber cable. The PSCC electrically connects to a first electronic device and houses a photonic power source and an optical data transmitter. The fiber cable includes an optical transmit data path coupled to the optical data transmitter, an optical power path coupled to the photonic power source, and an optical feedback path coupled to provide feedback control to the photonic power source. The PRCC electrically connects to a second electronic device and houses an optical data receiver coupled to the optical transmit data path, a feedback controller coupled to the optical feedback path to control the photonic power source, and a photonic power converter coupled to the optical power path to convert photonic energy received over the optical power path to electrical energy to power components of the PRCC.

Photonic-powered cable assembly

DOEpatents

Sanderson, Stephen N; Appel, Titus James; Wrye, IV, Walter C

2014-06-24

A photonic-cable assembly includes a power source cable connector ("PSCC") coupled to a power receive cable connector ("PRCC") via a fiber cable. The PSCC electrically connects to a first electronic device and houses a photonic power source and an optical data transmitter. The fiber cable includes an optical transmit data path coupled to the optical data transmitter, an optical power path coupled to the photonic power source, and an optical feedback path coupled to provide feedback control to the photonic power source. The PRCC electrically connects to a second electronic device and houses an optical data receiver coupled to the optical transmit data path, a feedback controller coupled to the optical feedback path to control the photonic power source, and a photonic power converter coupled to the optical power path to convert photonic energy received over the optical power path to electrical energy to power components of the PRCC.

Interface Magnetoelectric Coupling in Co/Pb(Zr,Ti)O3.

PubMed

Vlašín, Ondřej; Jarrier, Romain; Arras, Rémi; Calmels, Lionel; Warot-Fonrose, Bénédicte; Marcelot, Cécile; Jamet, Matthieu; Ohresser, Philippe; Scheurer, Fabrice; Hertel, Riccardo; Herranz, Gervasi; Cherifi-Hertel, Salia

2016-03-23

Magnetoelectric coupling at multiferroic interfaces is a promising route toward the nonvolatile electric-field control of magnetization. Here, we use optical measurements to study the static and dynamic variations of the interface magnetization induced by an electric field in Co/PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 (Co/PZT) bilayers at room temperature. The measurements allow us to identify different coupling mechanisms. We further investigate the local electronic and magnetic structure of the interface by means of transmission electron microscopy, soft X-ray magnetic circular dichroism, and density functional theory to corroborate the coupling mechanism. The measurements demonstrate a mixed linear and quadratic optical response to the electric field, which results from a magneto-electro-optical effect. We propose a decomposition method of the optical signal to discriminate between different components involved in the electric field-induced polarization rotation of the reflected light. This allows us to extract a signal that we can ascribe to interface magnetoelectric coupling. The associated surface magnetization exhibits a clear hysteretic variation of odd symmetry with respect to the electric field and nonzero remanence. The interface coupling is remarkably stable over a wide frequency range (1-50 kHz), and the application of a bias magnetic field is not necessary for the coupling to occur. These results show the potential of exploiting interface coupling with the prospect of optimizing the performance of magnetoelectric memory devices in terms of stability, as well as fast and dissipationless operation.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Harper, Jason; Dobrzynski, Daniel S.

A smart charging system for charging a plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) includes an electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) configured to supply electrical power to the PEV through a smart charging module coupled to the EVSE. The smart charging module comprises an electronic circuitry which includes a processor. The electronic circuitry includes electronic components structured to receive electrical power from the EVSE, and supply the electrical power to the PEV. The electronic circuitry is configured to measure a charging parameter of the PEV. The electronic circuitry is further structured to emulate a pulse width modulated signal generated by the EVSE. Themore » smart charging module can also include a first coupler structured to be removably couple to the EVSE and a second coupler structured to be removably coupled to the PEV.« less

Maintenance as a safety issue.

PubMed

White, Jim

2008-11-01

Because safety is related to electrical power systems maintenance, it seems reasonable to assume there could be legal issues if maintenance is not performed. OSHA has not yet taken the stand that not performing maintenance as required by the manufacturer, NFPA 70B, or ANSI/NETA MTS-07 constitutes a willful violation. OSHA defines a willful citation as one where: "the employer knowingly commits with plain indifference to the law. The employer either knows that what he or she is doing constitutes a violation, or is aware that a hazardous condition existed and made no reasonable effort to eliminate it". However, NFPA 70E 2009 requires this maintenance, and OSHA has stated on its Web site that NFPA 70E is "a guide for meeting the requirements of the OSHA electrical regulations". In addition, federal courts have found that NFPA 70E is "standard industry practice." Once a company receives and accepts a willful citation, especially if received as the result of an accident investigation, its worker's compensation protection no longer shields it. One definition given by a trial attorney for a willful citation was that it is equal to negligent behavior. Be smart: Maintain that equipment and save yourself major problems, including unscheduled shutdowns and possible litigation.

Electric drive systems including smoothing capacitor cooling devices and systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dede, Ercan Mehmet; Zhou, Feng

An electric drive system includes a smoothing capacitor including at least one terminal, a bus bar electrically coupled to the at least one terminal, a thermoelectric device including a first side and a second side positioned opposite the first side, where the first side is thermally coupled to at least one of the at least one terminal and the bus bar, and a cooling element thermally coupled to the second side of the thermoelectric device, where the cooling element dissipates heat from the thermoelectric device.

Electric control of superconducting transition through a spin-orbit coupled interface

PubMed Central

Ouassou, Jabir Ali; Di Bernardo, Angelo; Robinson, Jason W. A.; Linder, Jacob

2016-01-01

We demonstrate theoretically all-electric control of the superconducting transition temperature using a device comprised of a conventional superconductor, a ferromagnetic insulator, and semiconducting layers with intrinsic spin-orbit coupling. By using analytical calculations and numerical simulations, we show that the transition temperature of such a device can be controlled by electric gating which alters the ratio of Rashba to Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling. The results offer a new pathway to control superconductivity in spintronic devices. PMID:27426887

Electric vehicle drive train with direct coupling transmission

DOEpatents

Tankersley, J.B.; Boothe, R.W.; Konrad, C.E.

1995-04-04

An electric vehicle drive train includes an electric motor and an associated speed sensor, a transmission operable in a speed reduction mode or a direct coupled mode, and a controller responsive to the speed sensor for operating the transmission in the speed reduction mode when the motor is below a predetermined value, and for operating the motor in the direct coupled mode when the motor speed is above a predetermined value. The controller reduces the speed of the motor, such as by regeneratively braking the motor, when changing from the speed reduction mode to the direct coupled mode. The motor speed may be increased when changing from the direct coupled mode to the speed reduction mode. The transmission is preferably a single stage planetary gearbox. 6 figures.

Electric vehicle drive train with direct coupling transmission

DOEpatents

Tankersley, Jerome B.; Boothe, Richard W.; Konrad, Charles E.

1995-01-01

An electric vehicle drive train includes an electric motor and an associated speed sensor, a transmission operable in a speed reduction mode or a direct coupled mode, and a controller responsive to the speed sensor for operating the transmission in the speed reduction mode when the motor is below a predetermined value, and for operating the motor in the direct coupled mode when the motor speed is above a predetermined value. The controller reduces the speed of the motor, such as by regeneratively braking the motor, when changing from the speed reduction mode to the direct coupled mode. The motor speed may be increased when changing from the direct coupled mode to the speed reduction mode. The transmission is preferably a single stage planetary gearbox.

Physics-electrical hybrid model for real time impedance matching and remote plasma characterization in RF plasma sources.

PubMed

Sudhir, Dass; Bandyopadhyay, M; Chakraborty, A

2016-02-01

Plasma characterization and impedance matching are an integral part of any radio frequency (RF) based plasma source. In long pulse operation, particularly in high power operation where plasma load may vary due to different reasons (e.g. pressure and power), online tuning of impedance matching circuit and remote plasma density estimation are very useful. In some cases, due to remote interfaces, radio activation and, due to maintenance issues, power probes are not allowed to be incorporated in the ion source design for plasma characterization. Therefore, for characterization and impedance matching, more remote schemes are envisaged. Two such schemes by the same authors are suggested in these regards, which are based on air core transformer model of inductive coupled plasma (ICP) [M. Bandyopadhyay et al., Nucl. Fusion 55, 033017 (2015); D. Sudhir et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85, 013510 (2014)]. However, the influence of the RF field interaction with the plasma to determine its impedance, a physics code HELIC [D. Arnush, Phys. Plasmas 7, 3042 (2000)] is coupled with the transformer model. This model can be useful for both types of RF sources, i.e., ICP and helicon sources.

Simulation of Atrial Fibrosis Using Coupled Myocyte-Fibroblast Cellular and Human Atrial Models

PubMed Central

Gao, Yuan

2017-01-01

Atrial fibrosis is characterized by expansion of extracellular matrix and increase in the number of fibroblasts which has been associated with the development and maintenance of atrial arrhythmias. However, the mechanisms how the fibrosis contributes to atrial arrhythmia remain incompletely understood. In this study, we used a proposed fibroblast model coupled with the human atrial myocyte to investigate the effects of fibrosis on atrial excitability and repolarization at both cellular and macroscopic levels. The 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) was also simulated to explore the index of clinical diagnosis for fibrosis. The simulation results showed that the fibrosis can modify action potential morphology of human atrial myocyte, slow down wave propagation, and have rate adaptation, thus causing the atrial electrical heterogeneity. The fibrosis alone was sufficient to cause arrhythmia, induce reentry wave, and result in low amplitude and wide P waves at normal heart rate and significant prolonged and inverse P waves at high heart rate. All these symptoms aggravated when the level of fibrosis increased. Our simulations demonstrated that fibrosis is the substrate of atrial arrhythmia and thereby may be a potential target in the treatment of atrial arrhythmias. PMID:29441121

Physics-electrical hybrid model for real time impedance matching and remote plasma characterization in RF plasma sources

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sudhir, Dass, E-mail: dass.sudhir@iter-india.org; Bandyopadhyay, M.; Chakraborty, A.

2016-02-15

Plasma characterization and impedance matching are an integral part of any radio frequency (RF) based plasma source. In long pulse operation, particularly in high power operation where plasma load may vary due to different reasons (e.g. pressure and power), online tuning of impedance matching circuit and remote plasma density estimation are very useful. In some cases, due to remote interfaces, radio activation and, due to maintenance issues, power probes are not allowed to be incorporated in the ion source design for plasma characterization. Therefore, for characterization and impedance matching, more remote schemes are envisaged. Two such schemes by the samemore » authors are suggested in these regards, which are based on air core transformer model of inductive coupled plasma (ICP) [M. Bandyopadhyay et al., Nucl. Fusion 55, 033017 (2015); D. Sudhir et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85, 013510 (2014)]. However, the influence of the RF field interaction with the plasma to determine its impedance, a physics code HELIC [D. Arnush, Phys. Plasmas 7, 3042 (2000)] is coupled with the transformer model. This model can be useful for both types of RF sources, i.e., ICP and helicon sources.« less

Can we estimate plasma density in ICP driver through electrical parameters in RF circuit?

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bandyopadhyay, M., E-mail: mainak@iter-india.org; Sudhir, Dass, E-mail: dass.sudhir@iter-india.org; Chakraborty, A., E-mail: arunkc@iter-india.org

2015-04-08

To avoid regular maintenance, invasive plasma diagnostics with probes are not included in the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) based ITER Neutral Beam (NB) source design. Even non-invasive probes like optical emission spectroscopic diagnostics are also not included in the present ITER NB design due to overall system design and interface issues. As a result, negative ion beam current through the extraction system in the ITER NB negative ion source is the only measurement which indicates plasma condition inside the ion source. However, beam current not only depends on the plasma condition near the extraction region but also on the perveancemore » condition of the ion extractor system and negative ion stripping. Nevertheless, inductively coupled plasma production region (RF driver region) is placed at distance (∼ 30cm) from the extraction region. Due to that, some uncertainties are expected to be involved if one tries to link beam current with plasma properties inside the RF driver. Plasma characterization in source RF driver region is utmost necessary to maintain the optimum condition for source operation. In this paper, a method of plasma density estimation is described, based on density dependent plasma load calculation.« less

29 CFR 1910.66 - Powered platforms for building maintenance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... used to supply electrical power and/or control current for equipment or to provide voice communication... access to, and egress from, the equipment and sufficient space to conduct necessary maintenance of the... in use; and (vi) An effective two-way voice communication system shall be provided between the...

29 CFR 1910.66 - Powered platforms for building maintenance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... used to supply electrical power and/or control current for equipment or to provide voice communication... access to, and egress from, the equipment and sufficient space to conduct necessary maintenance of the... in use; and (vi) An effective two-way voice communication system shall be provided between the...

78 FR 21573 - Airworthiness Directives; Bombardier, Inc. Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-11

.... For service information identified in this proposed AD, contact Bombardier, Inc., Q-Series Technical... following service information: de Havilland Dash 8 Series 100 Maintenance Task Card 531X1, Revision 25, in... Havilland Dash 8 Series 100 Maintenance Task Card 631X1, Revision 25, in Section 8, Electrical Wiring...

7 CFR 1730.25 - Corrective action.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Corrective action. 1730.25 Section 1730.25... AGRICULTURE ELECTRIC SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Operations and Maintenance Requirements § 1730.25 Corrective action. (a) For any items on the RUS Form 300 rated unsatisfactory (i.e., 0 or 1) by the borrower...

Swanson during Day 2 of CDRA IFM

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-04-09

ISS039-E-010367 (9 April 2014) --- In the Kibo laboratory aboard the International Space Station, Expedition 39 Flight Engineer Steve Swanson works during in-flight maintenance to mate electrical connectors in Tranquility's Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly (CDRA). The image was taken during the second day of CDRA in-flight maintenance.

46 CFR 120.200 - General design, installation, and maintenance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false General design, installation, and maintenance requirements. 120.200 Section 120.200 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS CARRYING MORE THAN 150 PASSENGERS OR WITH OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATIONS FOR MORE THAN 49 PASSENGERS ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION General...

46 CFR 120.200 - General design, installation, and maintenance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false General design, installation, and maintenance requirements. 120.200 Section 120.200 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS CARRYING MORE THAN 150 PASSENGERS OR WITH OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATIONS FOR MORE THAN 49 PASSENGERS ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION General...

Depot Maintenance: Improved Strategic Planning Needed to Ensure That Army and Marine Corps Depots Can Meet Future Maintenance Requirements

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-09-01

System, and Sidewinder, as well as mobile electric power generation equipment Red River Texarkana , Texas Bradley Fighting Vehicle, tactical wheeled...Depot, Corpus Christi, Texas; Letterkenny Army Depot, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania; Red River Army Depot, Texarkana , Texas; and Tobyhanna Army Depot

Room-temperature coupling between electrical current and nuclear spins in OLEDs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Malissa, H.; Kavand, M.; Waters, D. P.; van Schooten, K. J.; Burn, P. L.; Vardeny, Z. V.; Saam, B.; Lupton, J. M.; Boehme, C.

2014-09-01

The effects of external magnetic fields on the electrical conductivity of organic semiconductors have been attributed to hyperfine coupling of the spins of the charge carriers and hydrogen nuclei. We studied this coupling directly by implementation of pulsed electrically detected nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The data revealed a fingerprint of the isotope (protium or deuterium) involved in the coherent spin precession observed in spin-echo envelope modulation. Furthermore, resonant control of the electric current by nuclear spin orientation was achieved with radiofrequency pulses in a double-resonance scheme, implying current control on energy scales one-millionth the magnitude of the thermal energy.

10 CFR 205.323 - Transferability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Transferability. 205.323 Section 205.323 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OIL ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES AND SANCTIONS Electric Power System Permits and Reports... Construction, Connection, Operation, and Maintenance of Facilities for Transmission of Electric Energy at...

10 CFR 205.323 - Transferability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Transferability. 205.323 Section 205.323 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OIL ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES AND SANCTIONS Electric Power System Permits and Reports... Construction, Connection, Operation, and Maintenance of Facilities for Transmission of Electric Energy at...

The Research of Regression Method for Forecasting Monthly Electricity Sales Considering Coupled Multi-factor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Jiangbo; Liu, Junhui; Li, Tiantian; Yin, Shuo; He, Xinhui

2018-01-01

The monthly electricity sales forecasting is a basic work to ensure the safety of the power system. This paper presented a monthly electricity sales forecasting method which comprehensively considers the coupled multi-factors of temperature, economic growth, electric power replacement and business expansion. The mathematical model is constructed by using regression method. The simulation results show that the proposed method is accurate and effective.

Multimodal vibration damping of a plate by piezoelectric coupling to its analogous electrical network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lossouarn, B.; Deü, J.-F.; Aucejo, M.; Cunefare, K. A.

2016-11-01

Multimodal damping can be achieved by coupling a mechanical structure to an electrical network exhibiting similar modal properties. Focusing on a plate, a new topology for such an electrical analogue is found from a finite difference approximation of the Kirchhoff-Love theory and the use of the direct electromechanical analogy. Discrete models based on element dynamic stiffness matrices are proposed to simulate square plate unit cells coupled to their electrical analogues through two-dimensional piezoelectric transducers. A setup made of a clamped plate covered with an array of piezoelectric patches is built in order to validate the control strategy and the numerical models. The analogous electrical network is implemented with passive components as inductors, transformers and the inherent capacitance of the piezoelectric patches. The effect of the piezoelectric coupling on the dynamics of the clamped plate is significant as it creates the equivalent of a multimodal tuned mass damping. An adequate tuning of the network then yields a broadband vibration reduction. In the end, the use of an analogous electrical network appears as an efficient solution for the multimodal control of a plate.

Gauged baby Skyrme model with a Chern-Simons term

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Samoilenka, A.; Shnir, Ya.

2017-02-01

The properties of the multisoliton solutions of the (2 +1 )-dimensional Maxwell-Chern-Simons-Skyrme model are investigated numerically. Coupling to the Chern-Simons term allows for existence of the electrically charge solitons which may also carry magnetic fluxes. Two particular choices of the potential term is considered: (i) the weakly bounded potential and (ii) the double vacuum potential. In the absence of gauge interaction in the former case the individual constituents of the multisoliton configuration are well separated, while in the latter case the rotational invariance of the configuration remains unbroken. It is shown that coupling of the planar multi-Skyrmions to the electric and magnetic field strongly affects the pattern of interaction between the constituents. We analyze the dependency of the structure of the solutions, the energies, angular momenta, electric and magnetic fields of the configurations on the gauge coupling constant g , and the electric potential. It is found that, generically, the coupling to the Chern-Simons term strongly affects the usual pattern of interaction between the skyrmions, in particular the electric repulsion between the solitons may break the multisoliton configuration into partons. We show that as the gauge coupling becomes strong, both the magnetic flux and the electric charge of the solutions become quantized although they are not topological numbers.

A generalized electro-elastic theory of polymer networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cohen, Noy

2018-01-01

A rigorous multi-scale analysis of the electromechanical coupling in dielectric polymers is conducted. The body couples stemming from a misalignment between the electric field and the electric-dipole density vector are studied and the conservation laws for polymer networks are derived. Using variational principles, expressions for the polarization and the stress are determined. Interestingly, it is found that the stress tensor resulting from coupled loadings in which the electric field is misaligned with the principal stretch directions is not symmetric and the asymmetry arises from the body couples. Next, the electro-mechanical response of a chain is analyzed. The deformations of the individual polymer chains are related to the macroscopic deformation via two highly non-linear constraints - the first pertaining to the compatibility of the local deformations with the imposed macroscopic one and the second stems from the symmetric part of the stress at equilibrium. In accord with the proposed framework, an amended three-chains model is introduced. The predictions of this model are found to be in excellent agreement with experimental findings. Lastly, the behavior of a polymer subjected to a simple shear and an electric field is studied. The offset between the electric field and the principal directions gives rise to body couples, a polarization that is not aligned with the electric field, and an asymmetric stress tensor.

Using a Large Scale Computational Model to Study the Effect of Longitudinal and Radial Electrical Coupling in the Cochlea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mistrík, Pavel; Ashmore, Jonathan

2009-02-01

We describe a large scale computational model of electrical current flow in the cochlea which is constructed by a flexible Modified Nodal Analysis algorithm to incorporate electrical components representing hair cells and the intercellular radial and longitudinal current flow. The model is used as a laboratory to study the effects of changing longitudinal gap junctional coupling, and shows the way in which cochlear microphonic spreads and tuning is affected. The process for incorporating mechanical longitudinal coupling and feedback is described. We find a difference in tuning and attenuation depending on whether longitudinal or radial couplings are altered.

The synchronization of asymmetric-structured electric coupling neuronal system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Guanping; Jin, Wuyin; Liu, Hao; Sun, Wei

2018-02-01

Based on the Hindmarsh-Rose (HR) model, the synchronization dynamics of asymmetric-structured electric coupling two neuronal system is investigated in this paper. It is discovered that when the time-delay scope and coupling strength for the synchronization are correlated positively under unequal time delay, the time-delay difference does not make a clear distinction between the two individual inter-spike intervals (ISI) bifurcation diagrams of the two coupled neurons. Therefore, the superficial difference of the system synchronization dynamics is not obvious for the unequal time-delay feedback. In the asymmetrical current incentives under asymmetric electric coupled system, the two neurons can only be almost completely synchronized in specific area of the interval which end-pointed with two discharge modes for a single neuron under different stimuli currents before coupling, but the intervention of time-delay feedback, together with the change of the coupling strength, can make the coupled system not only almost completely synchronized within anywhere in the front area, but also outside of it.

On-line experimental validation of a model-based diagnostic algorithm dedicated to a solid oxide fuel cell system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Polverino, Pierpaolo; Esposito, Angelo; Pianese, Cesare; Ludwig, Bastian; Iwanschitz, Boris; Mai, Andreas

2016-02-01

In the current energetic scenario, Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) exhibit appealing features which make them suitable for environmental-friendly power production, especially for stationary applications. An example is represented by micro-combined heat and power (μ-CHP) generation units based on SOFC stacks, which are able to produce electric and thermal power with high efficiency and low pollutant and greenhouse gases emissions. However, the main limitations to their diffusion into the mass market consist in high maintenance and production costs and short lifetime. To improve these aspects, the current research activity focuses on the development of robust and generalizable diagnostic techniques, aimed at detecting and isolating faults within the entire system (i.e. SOFC stack and balance of plant). Coupled with appropriate recovery strategies, diagnosis can prevent undesired system shutdowns during faulty conditions, with consequent lifetime increase and maintenance costs reduction. This paper deals with the on-line experimental validation of a model-based diagnostic algorithm applied to a pre-commercial SOFC system. The proposed algorithm exploits a Fault Signature Matrix based on a Fault Tree Analysis and improved through fault simulations. The algorithm is characterized on the considered system and it is validated by means of experimental induction of faulty states in controlled conditions.

Deep-subwavelength magnetic-coupling-dominant interaction among magnetic localized surface plasmons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, Zhen; Gao, Fei; Zhang, Youming; Zhang, Baile

2016-05-01

Magnetic coupling is generally much weaker than electric Coulomb interaction. This also applies to the well-known magnetic "meta-atoms," or split-ring resonators (SRRs) as originally proposed by Pendry et al. [IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 47, 2075 (1999), 10.1109/22.798002], in which the associated electric dipole moments usually dictate their interaction. As a result, stereometamaterials, a stack of identical SRRs, were found with electric coupling so strong that the dispersion from merely magnetic coupling was overturned. Recently, other workers have proposed a new concept of magnetic localized surface plasmons, supported on metallic spiral structures (MSSs) at a deep-subwavelength scale. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that a stack of these magnetic "meta-atoms" can have dominant magnetic coupling in both of its two configurations. This allows magnetic-coupling-dominant energy transport along a one-dimensional stack of MSSs, as demonstrated with near-field transmission measurement. Our work not only applies this type of magnetic "meta-atom" into metamaterial construction, but also provides possibilities of magnetic metamaterial design in which the electric interaction no longer takes precedence.

Conceptual design and cost analysis of hydraulic output unit for 15 kW free-piston Stirling engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

White, M. A.

1982-01-01

A long-life hydraulic converter with unique features was conceptually designed to interface with a specified 15 kW(e) free-piston Stirling engine in a solar thermal dish application. Hydraulic fluid at 34.5 MPa (5000 psi) is produced to drive a conventional hydraulic motor and rotary alternator. Efficiency of the low-maintenance converter design was calculated at 93.5% for a counterbalanced version and 97.0% without the counterbalance feature. If the converter were coupled to a Stirling engine with design parameters more typcial of high-technology Stirling engines, counterbalanced converter efficiency could be increased to 99.6%. Dynamic computer simulation studies were conducted to evaluate performance and system sensitivities. Production costs of the complete Stirling hydraulic/electric power system were evaluated at $6506 which compared with $8746 for an alternative Stirling engine/linear alternator system.

Experience with wear-resistant materials at the Homer City Coal Cleaning Plant

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Williams, W.R.

1984-10-01

The Homer City Coal Cleaning Plant is a multistream, dual-circuit facility with a total capacity of 1.22 x 10/sup 6/ Kg/hr (1200 TPH) raw feed and serves the three generating units of the Pennsylvania Electric Company's Homer City Generating Station. The complicated multi-cleaning circuit design requires considerably more power and piping (10.6 km/35,000 ft of plus 5 cm/2 in. process piping) than a more conventional plant of the same capacity. Coupled with the maintenance intensive aspects of the plant is the requirement to have a high availability due to the mine mouth-to-cleaning plant-to-generating station philosophy under which it operates. Thesemore » factors required a dedicated effort to improve equipment wear characteristics. Experiences in the use of a variety of wear and corrosion resistant materials at the Homer City Coal Cleaning Plant are described.« less

Redox flow cell energy storage systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thaller, L. H.

1979-01-01

The redox flow cell energy storage system being developed by NASA for use in remote power systems and distributed storage installations for electric utilities is presented. The system under consideration is an electrochemical storage device which utilizes the oxidation and reduction of two fully soluble redox couples (acidified chloride solutions of chromium and iron) as active electrode materials separated by a highly selective ion exchange membrane. The reactants are contained in large storage tanks and pumped through a stack of redox flow cells where the electrochemical reactions take place at porous carbon felt electrodes. Redox equipment has allowed the incorporation of state of charge readout, stack voltage control and system capacity maintenance (rebalance) devices to regulate cells in a stack jointly. A 200 W, 12 V system with a capacity of about 400 Wh has been constructed, and a 2 kW, 10kWh system is planned.

Coupling Considerations in Assembly Language

DTIC Science & Technology

2018-01-05

report discusses coupling issues arising in assembly language source code, as contrasted to similar issues arising in high order language (HOL...Warfare Center Weapons Division (NAWCWD) require compliance with DO-178B and DO-178C, which contain guidelines relating to data and control coupling. The...considered unknown, but its effect on development and maintenance will serve as indicators on whether the coupling measure is high or low. Both

Coupled attitude-orbit dynamics and control for an electric sail in a heliocentric transfer mission.

PubMed

Huo, Mingying; Zhao, Jun; Xie, Shaobiao; Qi, Naiming

2015-01-01

The paper discusses the coupled attitude-orbit dynamics and control of an electric-sail-based spacecraft in a heliocentric transfer mission. The mathematical model characterizing the propulsive thrust is first described as a function of the orbital radius and the sail angle. Since the solar wind dynamic pressure acceleration is induced by the sail attitude, the orbital and attitude dynamics of electric sails are coupled, and are discussed together. Based on the coupled equations, the flight control is investigated, wherein the orbital control is studied in an optimal framework via a hybrid optimization method and the attitude controller is designed based on feedback linearization control. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, a transfer problem from Earth to Mars is considered. The numerical results show that the proposed strategy can control the coupled system very well, and a small control torque can control both the attitude and orbit. The study in this paper will contribute to the theory study and application of electric sail.

Coupled Attitude-Orbit Dynamics and Control for an Electric Sail in a Heliocentric Transfer Mission

PubMed Central

Huo, Mingying; Zhao, Jun; Xie, Shaobiao; Qi, Naiming

2015-01-01

The paper discusses the coupled attitude-orbit dynamics and control of an electric-sail-based spacecraft in a heliocentric transfer mission. The mathematical model characterizing the propulsive thrust is first described as a function of the orbital radius and the sail angle. Since the solar wind dynamic pressure acceleration is induced by the sail attitude, the orbital and attitude dynamics of electric sails are coupled, and are discussed together. Based on the coupled equations, the flight control is investigated, wherein the orbital control is studied in an optimal framework via a hybrid optimization method and the attitude controller is designed based on feedback linearization control. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, a transfer problem from Earth to Mars is considered. The numerical results show that the proposed strategy can control the coupled system very well, and a small control torque can control both the attitude and orbit. The study in this paper will contribute to the theory study and application of electric sail. PMID:25950179

Community Maintenance Programs for Sexual Offenders

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Youssef, Carollyne

2013-01-01

While optimism regarding the treatment of sexual offenders has increased over the past couple of decades, research into the factors that assist offenders in maintaining therapeutic changes remains in the dark. Maintenance programs for offenders, while theoretically appearing to have a solid place in offender rehabilitation, surprisingly have not…

Short-term depression of gap junctional coupling in reticular thalamic neurons of absence epileptic rats.

PubMed

Kohmann, Denise; Lüttjohann, Annika; Seidenbecher, Thomas; Coulon, Philippe; Pape, Hans-Christian

2016-10-01

Gap junctional electrical coupling between neurons of the reticular thalamic nucleus (RTN) is critical for hypersynchrony in the thalamo-cortical network. This study investigates the role of electrical coupling in pathological rhythmogenesis in RTN neurons in a rat model of absence epilepsy. Rhythmic activation resulted in a Ca(2+) -dependent short-term depression (STD) of electrical coupling between pairs of RTN neurons in epileptic rats, but not in RTN of a non-epileptic control strain. Pharmacological blockade of gap junctions in RTN in vivo induced a depression of seizure activity. The STD of electrical coupling represents a mechanism of Ca(2+) homeostasis in RTN aimed to counteract excessive synchronization. Neurons in the reticular thalamic nucleus (RTN) are coupled by electrical synapses, which play a major role in regulating synchronous activity. This study investigates electrical coupling in RTN neurons from a rat model of childhood absence epilepsy, genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg (GAERS), compared with a non-epileptic control (NEC) strain, to assess the impact on pathophysiological rhythmogenesis. Whole-cell recordings were obtained from pairs of RTN neurons of GAERS and NEC in vitro. Coupling was determined by injection of hyperpolarizing current steps in one cell and monitoring evoked voltage responses in both activated and coupled cell. The coupling coefficient (cc) was compared under resting condition, during pharmacological interventions and repeated activation using a series of current injections. The effect of gap junctional coupling on seizure expression was investigated by application of gap junctional blockers into RTN of GAERS in vivo. At resting conditions, cc did not differ between GAERS and NEC. During repeated activation, cc declined in GAERS but not in NEC. This depression in cc was restored within 25 s and was prevented by intracellular presence of BAPTA in the activated but not in the coupled cell. Local application of gap junctional blockers into RTN of GAERS in vivo resulted in a decrease of spike wave discharge (SWD) activity. Repeated activation results in a short-term depression (STD) of gap junctional coupling in RTN neurons of GAERS, depending on intracellular Ca(2+) mechanisms in the activated cell. As blockage of gap junctions in vivo results in a decrease of SWD activity, the STD observed in GAERS is considered a compensatory mechanism, aimed to dampen SWD activity. © 2016 The Authors. The Journal of Physiology © 2016 The Physiological Society.

10 CFR 205.327 - Other information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Other information. 205.327 Section 205.327 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OIL ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES AND SANCTIONS Electric Power System Permits and Reports... Construction, Connection, Operation, and Maintenance of Facilities for Transmission of Electric Energy at...

10 CFR 205.325 - Annual report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Annual report. 205.325 Section 205.325 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OIL ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES AND SANCTIONS Electric Power System Permits and Reports... Construction, Connection, Operation, and Maintenance of Facilities for Transmission of Electric Energy at...

10 CFR 205.327 - Other information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Other information. 205.327 Section 205.327 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OIL ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES AND SANCTIONS Electric Power System Permits and Reports... Construction, Connection, Operation, and Maintenance of Facilities for Transmission of Electric Energy at...

SUNRAYCE 1995: Working safely with lead-acid batteries and photovoltaic power systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dephillips, M. P.; Moskowitz, P. D.; Fthenakis, V. M.

1994-05-01

This document is a power system and battery safety handbook for participants in the SUNRAYCE 95 solar powered electric vehicle program. The topics of the handbook include batteries, photovoltaic modules, safety equipment needed for working with sulfuric acid electrolyte and batteries, battery transport, accident response, battery recharging and ventilation, electrical risks on-board vehicle, external electrical risks, electrical risk management strategies, and general maintenance including troubleshooting, hydrometer check and voltmeter check.

Electrical system for a motor vehicle

DOEpatents

Tamor, Michael Alan

1999-01-01

In one embodiment of the present invention, an electrical system for a motor vehicle comprises a capacitor, an engine cranking motor coupled to receive motive power from the capacitor, a storage battery and an electrical generator having an electrical power output, the output coupled to provide electrical energy to the capacitor and to the storage battery. The electrical system also includes a resistor which limits current flow from the battery to the engine cranking motor. The electrical system further includes a diode which allows current flow through the diode from the generator to the battery but which blocks current flow through the diode from the battery to the cranking motor.

Electrical system for a motor vehicle

DOEpatents

Tamor, M.A.

1999-07-20

In one embodiment of the present invention, an electrical system for a motor vehicle comprises a capacitor, an engine cranking motor coupled to receive motive power from the capacitor, a storage battery and an electrical generator having an electrical power output, the output coupled to provide electrical energy to the capacitor and to the storage battery. The electrical system also includes a resistor which limits current flow from the battery to the engine cranking motor. The electrical system further includes a diode which allows current flow through the diode from the generator to the battery but which blocks current flow through the diode from the battery to the cranking motor. 2 figs.

Organic magnetic field sensor

DOEpatents

McCamey, Dane; Boehme, Christoph

2017-01-24

An organic, spin-dependent magnetic field sensor (10) includes an active stack (12) having an organic material with a spin-dependence. The sensor (10) also includes a back electrical contact (14) electrically coupled to a back of the active stack (12) and a front electrical contact (16) electrically coupled to a front of the active stack (12). A magnetic field generator (18) is oriented so as to provide an oscillating magnetic field which penetrates the active stack (12).

Multi-Channel, Constant-Current Power Source for Aircraft Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-03-01

Special considerations impacting this design were minimizing volume, maintaining system power quality, and providing electrical fault protection...applications. Electrical loads, such as lighting, de-icing heaters, and actuators may be operated from this compact power conversion unit. Because of the...nature of aircraft systems, two of the most important design considerations are the maintenance of electrical power quality and minimization of weight

Global ionospheric dynamics and electrodynamics during geomagnetic storms (Invited)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mannucci, A. J.; Tsurutani, B.; Verkhoglyadova, O. P.; Komjathy, A.; Butala, M. D.

2013-12-01

Globally distributed total electron content (TEC) data has become an important tool for exploring the consequences of storm-time electrodynamics. Magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling during the main phase is responsible for the largest ionospheric effects observed during geomagnetic storms, mediated by global scale electrodynamics. Recent research using case studies reveals a complex picture of M-I coupling and its relationship to interplanetary drivers such as the solar wind electric field. Periods of direct coupling exist where the solar wind electric field is strongly correlated with prompt penetration electric fields, observed as enhanced vertical plasma drifts or an enhanced electrojet in the daytime equatorial ionosphere. Periods of decoupling between low latitude electric fields and the solar wind electric field are also observed, but the factors distinguishing these two types of response have not been clearly identified. Recent studies during superstorms suggest a role for the transverse (y-component) of the interplanetary magnetic field, which affects magnetospheric current systems and therefore may affect M-I coupling, with significant ionospheric consequences. Observations of the global ionospheric response to a range of geomagnetic storm intensities are presented. Scientific understanding of the different factors that affect electrodynamic aspects of M-I coupling are discussed.

Distributed electrical leads for thermionic converter

DOEpatents

Fitzpatrick, Gary O.; Britt, Edward J.

1979-01-01

In a thermionic converter, means are provided for coupling an electrical lead to at least one of the electrodes thereof. The means include a bus bar and a plurality of distributed leads coupled to the bus bar each of which penetrates through one electrode and are then coupled to the other electrode of the converter in spaced apart relation.

Gap junctional coupling in the vertebrate retina: variations on one theme?

PubMed

Völgyi, Béla; Kovács-Oller, Tamás; Atlasz, Tamás; Wilhelm, Márta; Gábriel, Róbert

2013-05-01

Gap junctions connect cells in the bodies of all multicellular organisms, forming either homologous or heterologous (i.e. established between identical or different cell types, respectively) cell-to-cell contacts by utilizing identical (homotypic) or different (heterotypic) connexin protein subunits. Gap junctions in the nervous system serve electrical signaling between neurons, thus they are also called electrical synapses. Such electrical synapses are particularly abundant in the vertebrate retina where they are specialized to form links between neurons as well as glial cells. In this article, we summarize recent findings on retinal cell-to-cell coupling in different vertebrates and identify general features in the light of the evergrowing body of data. In particular, we describe and discuss tracer coupling patterns, connexin proteins, junctional conductances and modulatory processes. This multispecies comparison serves to point out that most features are remarkably conserved across the vertebrate classes, including (i) the cell types connected via electrical synapses; (ii) the connexin makeup and the conductance of each cell-to-cell contact; (iii) the probable function of each gap junction in retinal circuitry; (iv) the fact that gap junctions underlie both electrical and/or tracer coupling between glial cells. These pan-vertebrate features thus demonstrate that retinal gap junctions have changed little during the over 500 million years of vertebrate evolution. Therefore, the fundamental architecture of electrically coupled retinal circuits seems as old as the retina itself, indicating that gap junctions deeply incorporated in retinal wiring from the very beginning of the eye formation of vertebrates. In addition to hard wiring provided by fast synaptic transmitter-releasing neurons and soft wiring contributed by peptidergic, aminergic and purinergic systems, electrical coupling may serve as the 'skeleton' of lateral processing, enabling important functions such as signal averaging and synchronization. 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Quantitative analysis on electric dipole energy in Rashba band splitting.

PubMed

Hong, Jisook; Rhim, Jun-Won; Kim, Changyoung; Ryong Park, Seung; Hoon Shim, Ji

2015-09-01

We report on quantitative comparison between the electric dipole energy and the Rashba band splitting in model systems of Bi and Sb triangular monolayers under a perpendicular electric field. We used both first-principles and tight binding calculations on p-orbitals with spin-orbit coupling. First-principles calculation shows Rashba band splitting in both systems. It also shows asymmetric charge distributions in the Rashba split bands which are induced by the orbital angular momentum. We calculated the electric dipole energies from coupling of the asymmetric charge distribution and external electric field, and compared it to the Rashba splitting. Remarkably, the total split energy is found to come mostly from the difference in the electric dipole energy for both Bi and Sb systems. A perturbative approach for long wave length limit starting from tight binding calculation also supports that the Rashba band splitting originates mostly from the electric dipole energy difference in the strong atomic spin-orbit coupling regime.

Quantitative analysis on electric dipole energy in Rashba band splitting

PubMed Central

Hong, Jisook; Rhim, Jun-Won; Kim, Changyoung; Ryong Park, Seung; Hoon Shim, Ji

2015-01-01

We report on quantitative comparison between the electric dipole energy and the Rashba band splitting in model systems of Bi and Sb triangular monolayers under a perpendicular electric field. We used both first-principles and tight binding calculations on p-orbitals with spin-orbit coupling. First-principles calculation shows Rashba band splitting in both systems. It also shows asymmetric charge distributions in the Rashba split bands which are induced by the orbital angular momentum. We calculated the electric dipole energies from coupling of the asymmetric charge distribution and external electric field, and compared it to the Rashba splitting. Remarkably, the total split energy is found to come mostly from the difference in the electric dipole energy for both Bi and Sb systems. A perturbative approach for long wave length limit starting from tight binding calculation also supports that the Rashba band splitting originates mostly from the electric dipole energy difference in the strong atomic spin-orbit coupling regime. PMID:26323493

Design of preventive maintenance system using the reliability engineering and maintenance value stream mapping methods in PT. XYZ

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sembiring, N.; Panjaitan, N.; Angelita, S.

2018-02-01

PT. XYZ is a company owned by non-governmental organizations engaged in the field of production of rubber processing becoming crumb rubber. Part of the production is supported by some of machines and interacting equipment to achieve optimal productivity. Types of the machine that are used in the production process are Conveyor Breaker, Breaker, Rolling Pin, Hammer Mill, Mill Roll, Conveyor, Shredder Crumb, and Dryer. Maintenance system in PT. XYZ is corrective maintenance i.e. repairing or replacing the engine components after the crash on the machine. Replacement of engine components on corrective maintenance causes the machine to stop operating during the production process is in progress. The result is in the loss of production time due to the operator must replace the damaged engine components. The loss of production time can impact on the production targets which were not reached and lead to high loss costs. The cost for all components is Rp. 4.088.514.505. This cost is really high just for maintaining a Mill Roll Machine. Therefore PT. XYZ is needed to do preventive maintenance i.e. scheduling engine components and improving maintenance efficiency. The used methods are Reliability Engineering and Maintenance Value Stream Mapping (MVSM). The needed data in this research are the interval of time damage to engine components, opportunity cost, labor cost, component cost, corrective repair time, preventive repair time, Mean Time To Opportunity (MTTO), Mean Time To Repair (MTTR), and Mean Time To Yield (MTTY). In this research, the critical components of Mill Roll machine are Spier, Bushing, Bearing, Coupling and Roll. Determination of damage distribution, reliability, MTTF, cost of failure, cost of preventive, current state map, and future state map are done so that the replacement time for each critical component with the lowest maintenance cost and preparation of Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) are developed. For the critical component that has been determined, the Spier component replacement time interval is 228 days with a reliability value of 0,503171, Bushing component is 240 days with reliability value of 0.36861, Bearing component is 202 days with reliability value of 0,503058, Coupling component is 247 days with reliability value of 0,50108 and Roll component is 301 days with reliability value of 0,373525. The results show that the cost decreases from Rp 300,688,114 to Rp 244,384,371 obtained from corrective maintenance to preventive maintenance. While maintenance efficiency increases with the application of preventive maintenance i.e. for Spier component from 54,0540541% to 74,07407%, Bushing component from 52,3809524% to 68,75%, Bearing component from 40% to 52,63158%, Coupling component from 60.9756098% to 71.42857%, and Roll components from 64.516129% to 74.7663551%.

Temperature Effects of Electric Field on the First Excited State of Strong Coupling Polaron in a CsI Quantum Pseudodot

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Yong; Ding, Zhao-Hua; Xiao, Jing-Lin

2017-03-01

Employing variational method of Pekar type (VMPT), this paper investigates the first-excited state energy (FESE), excitation energy and transition frequency of the strongly-coupled polaron in the CsI quantum pseudodot (QPD) with electric field. The temperature effects on the strong-coupling polaron in electric field are calculated by using the quantum statistical theory (QST). The results from the present investigation show that the FESE, excitation energy and transition frequency increase (decrease) firstly and then at lower (higher) temperature regions. They are decreasing functions of the electric field strength. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 11464033

How Things Work: What is the Secret of "Maintenance-Free" Car Batteries?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crane, H. Richard, Ed.

1985-01-01

Explains "maintenance free" car batteries which do not involve any changes in principles from traditional car batteries (which require the addition of distilled water). The newer systems have reduced water loss to near zero by improvements in the batteries themselves and in the electrical systems which charge them. (JN)

115. QUALITY CONTROL BOARD FOR MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION AT SOUTH ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

115. QUALITY CONTROL BOARD FOR MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION AT SOUTH SIDE OF MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL ROOM (110), LSB (BLDG. 770), FACING WEST ON EXTERIOR WALL OF QUALITY ASSURANCE ROOM (106A) - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Launch Pad 3 West, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA

Centralized vs. decentralized thermal IR inspection policy: experience from a major Brazilian electric power company

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

dos Santos, Laerte; da Costa Bortoni, Edson; Barbosa, Luiz C.; Araujo, Reyler A.

2005-03-01

Furnas Centrais Elétricas S.A is one of the greatest companies of the Brazilian electric power sector and a pioneer in using infrared thermography. In the early 70s, the maintenance policy used was a centralized approach, with only one inspection team to cover all the company"s facilities. In the early 90s, FURNAS decided to decentralize the thermography inspections creating several inspection teams. This new maintenance policy presented several advantages when compared to the previous one. However the credibility of the results obtained with the thermal inspection was frequently being questioned, in part due to the lack of a detailed planning to carry out the transition from the centralized inspection to the decentralized one. In some areas of the company it was suggested the inactivation of the thermography. This paper presents the experience of FURNAS with these different maintenance policies and details the procedures which have been taken that nowadays the infrared thermal inspection has become one of the most important techniques of predictive maintenance in the company.

Enhanced and tunable electric dipole-dipole interactions near a planar metal film

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Lei-Ming; Yao, Pei-Jun; Zhao, Nan; Sun, Fang-Wen

2017-08-01

We investigate the enhanced electric dipole-dipole interaction of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) supported by a planar metal film waveguide. By taking two nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center electric dipoles in diamond as an example, both the coupling strength and collective relaxation of two dipoles are studied with the numerical Green Function method. Compared to two-dipole coupling on a planar surface, metal film provides stronger and tunable coupling coefficients. Enhancement of the interaction between coupled NV center dipoles could have applications in both quantum information and energy transfer investigation. Our investigation provides systematic results for experimental applications based on a dipole-dipole interaction mediated with SPPs on a planar metal film.

Actuatable capacitive transducer for quantitative nanoindentation combined with transmission electron microscopy

DOEpatents

Warren, Oden L.; Asif, S. A. Syed; Cyrankowski, Edward; Kounev, Kalin

2010-09-21

An actuatable capacitive transducer including a transducer body, a first capacitor including a displaceable electrode and electrically configured as an electrostatic actuator, and a second capacitor including a displaceable electrode and electrically configured as a capacitive displacement sensor, wherein the second capacitor comprises a multi-plate capacitor. The actuatable capacitive transducer further includes a coupling shaft configured to mechanically couple the displaceable electrode of the first capacitor to the displaceable electrode of the second capacitor to form a displaceable electrode unit which is displaceable relative to the transducer body, and an electrically-conductive indenter mechanically coupled to the coupling shaft so as to be displaceable in unison with the displaceable electrode unit.-

Actuatable capacitive transducer for quantitative nanoindentation combined with transmission electron microscopy

DOEpatents

Warren, Oden L; Asif, Syed Amanula Syed; Cyrankowski, Edward; Kounev, Kalin

2013-06-04

An actuatable capacitive transducer including a transducer body, a first capacitor including a displaceable electrode and electrically configured as an electrostatic actuator, and a second capacitor including a displaceable electrode and electrically configured as a capacitive displacement sensor, wherein the second capacitor comprises a multi-plate capacitor. The actuatable capacitive transducer further includes a coupling shaft configured to mechanically couple the displaceable electrode of the first capacitor to the displaceable electrode of the second capacitor to form a displaceable electrode unit which is displaceable relative to the transducer body, and an electrically-conductive indenter mechanically coupled to the coupling shaft so as to be displaceable in unison with the displaceable electrode unit.

Microscopic Description of Electric and Magnetic Toroidal Multipoles in Hybrid Orbitals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hayami, Satoru; Kusunose, Hiroaki

2018-03-01

We derive the quantum-mechanical operator expressions of multipoles under the space-time inversion group. We elucidate that electric and magnetic toroidal multipoles, in addition to ordinary non-toroidal ones, are fundamental pieces to express arbitrary electronic degrees of freedom. We show that electric (magnetic) toroidal multipoles higher than the dipole (monopole) can become active in a hybridized-orbital system. We also demonstrate emergent cross-correlated couplings between the electric, magnetic, and elastic degrees of freedom, such as magneto-electric and magneto(electro)-elastic coupling, under toroidal multipole orders.

30 CFR 56.12047 - Guy wires.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... insulator protection of the National Electrical Safety Code, part 2, entitled “Safety Rules for the Installation and Maintenance of Electric Supply and Communication Lines” (also referred to as National Bureau... from the National Institute of Science and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 3460, Gaithersburg, MD...

30 CFR 57.12047 - Guy wires.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... requirements for grounding or insulator protection of the National Electrical Safety Code, part 2, entitled “Safety Rules for the Installation and Maintenance of Electric Supply and Communication Lines” (also... documents may be obtained from the National Institute of Science and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 3460...

Plug-In Electric Vehicle Handbook for Fleet Managers (Brochure)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

2012-04-01

Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are entering the automobile market and are viable alternatives to conventional vehicles. This guide for fleet managers describes the basics of PEV technology, PEV benefits for fleets, how to select the right PEV, charging a PEV, and PEV maintenance.

Electricity Series. Duty Task List.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This task list is intended for use in planning and/or evaluating a competency-based course in electricity. The guide outlines the tasks entailed in 10 different duties typically required of employees in the following occupations: residential electrician apprentice, material handler/supply clerk, maintenance electrician apprentice,…

10 CFR 205.326 - Filing procedures and fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OIL ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES AND SANCTIONS Electric Power System Permits and Reports... Construction, Connection, Operation, and Maintenance of Facilities for Transmission of Electric Energy at... Utility Systems of the Economic Regulatory Administration and shall be accompanied by a filing fee of $150...

10 CFR 205.321 - Time of filing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Time of filing. 205.321 Section 205.321 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OIL ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES AND SANCTIONS Electric Power System Permits and Reports... Construction, Connection, Operation, and Maintenance of Facilities for Transmission of Electric Energy at...

30 CFR 18.92 - Quality of material and design.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Field... shall be designed to facilitate maintenance and inspection. (b) MSHA shall conduct field investigations and, where necessary, field test electric machinery only where such machinery is found to be...

30 CFR 18.92 - Quality of material and design.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES Field... shall be designed to facilitate maintenance and inspection. (b) MSHA shall conduct field investigations and, where necessary, field test electric machinery only where such machinery is found to be...

30 CFR 57.12047 - Guy wires.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... requirements for grounding or insulator protection of the National Electrical Safety Code, part 2, entitled “Safety Rules for the Installation and Maintenance of Electric Supply and Communication Lines” (also... documents may be obtained from the National Institute of Science and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 3460...

30 CFR 57.12047 - Guy wires.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... requirements for grounding or insulator protection of the National Electrical Safety Code, part 2, entitled “Safety Rules for the Installation and Maintenance of Electric Supply and Communication Lines” (also... documents may be obtained from the National Institute of Science and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 3460...

30 CFR 57.12047 - Guy wires.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... requirements for grounding or insulator protection of the National Electrical Safety Code, part 2, entitled “Safety Rules for the Installation and Maintenance of Electric Supply and Communication Lines” (also... documents may be obtained from the National Institute of Science and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 3460...

10 CFR 205.321 - Time of filing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Time of filing. 205.321 Section 205.321 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OIL ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES AND SANCTIONS Electric Power System Permits and Reports... Construction, Connection, Operation, and Maintenance of Facilities for Transmission of Electric Energy at...

Plant maintenance and plant life extension issue, 2008

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Agnihotri, Newal

The focus of the March-April issue is on plant maintenance and plant life extension. Major articles include the following: Exciting time to be at the U.S. NRC, by Dale Klein, Nuclear Regulatory Commission; Extraordinary steps to ensure a minimal environmental impact, by George Vanderheyden, UniStar Nuclear Energy, LLC.; Focused on consistent reduction of outages, by Kevin Walsh, GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy; On the path towards operational excellence, by Ricardo Perez, Westinghouse Electric Company; Ability to be refuelled on-line, by Ian Trotman, CANDU Services, Atomic Energy of Canada, Ltd.; ASCA Application for maintenance of SG secondary side, by Patrick Wagner, Wolfmore » Creek Nuclear Operating Corporation, Phillip Battaglia and David Selfridge, Westinghouse Electric Company; and, An integral part of the landscape and lives, by Tyler Lamberts, Entergy Nuclear Operations, Inc. The Industry Innovation article is titled Steam generator bowl drain repairs, by John Makar and Richard Gimple, Wolf Creek Nuclear Operating Corporation.« less

Electric Motors Maintenance Planning From Its Operating Variables

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rodrigues, Francisco; Fonseca, Inácio; Farinha, José Torres; Ferreira, Luís; Galar, Diego

2017-09-01

The maintenance planning corresponds to an approach that seeks to maximize the availability of equipment and, consequently, increase the levels of competitiveness of companies by increasing production times. This paper presents a maintenance planning based on operating variables (number of hours worked, duty cycles, number of revolutions) to maximizing the availability of operation of electrical motors. The reading of the operating variables and its sampling is done based on predetermined sampling cycles and subsequently is made the data analysis through time series algorithms aiming to launch work orders before reaching the variables limit values. This approach is supported by tools and technologies such as logical applications that enable a graphical user interface for access to relevant information about their Physical Asset HMI (Human Machine Interface), including the control and supervision by acquisition through SCADA (Supervisory Control And data acquisition) data, also including the communication protocols among different logical applications.

Photovoltaic system with improved AC connections and method of making same

DOEpatents

Cioffi, Philip Michael; Todorovic, Maja Harfman; Herzog, Michael Scott; Korman, Charles Steven; Doherty, Donald M.; Johnson, Neil Anthony

2018-02-13

An alternating current (AC) harness for a photovoltaic (PV) system includes a wire assembly having a first end and a second end, the wire assembly having a plurality of lead wires, and at least one AC connection module positioned at a location along a length of the wire assembly between the first end and the second end. Further, the at least one AC connection module includes a first connection terminal electrically coupled to the plurality of lead wires of the wire assembly and constructed to electrically couple the wire assembly with an output of a first PV module of the PV system. The at least one AC connection module also includes a second connection terminal electrically coupled to the plurality of lead wires of the wire assembly and constructed to electrically couple the wire assembly with an output of a second PV module of the PV system.

Control system and method for a hybrid electric vehicle

DOEpatents

Tamor, Michael Alan

2001-03-06

Several control methods are presented for application in a hybrid electric vehicle powertrain including in various embodiments an engine, a motor/generator, a transmission coupled at an input thereof to receive torque from the engine and the motor generator coupled to augment torque provided by the engine, an energy storage device coupled to receive energy from and provide energy to the motor/generator, an engine controller (EEC) coupled to control the engine, a transmission controller (TCM) coupled to control the transmission and a vehicle system controller (VSC) adapted to control the powertrain.

The feasibility of replacing or upgrading utility distribution transformers during routine maintenance

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Barnes, P.R.; Van Dyke, J.W; McConnell, B.W.

It is estimated that electric utilities use about 40 million distribution transformers in supplying electricity to customers in the United States. Although utility distribution transformers collectively have a high average efficiency, they account for approximately 61 billion kWh of the 229 billion kWh of energy lost annually in the delivery of electricity. Distribution transformers are being replaced over time by new, more efficient, lower-loss units during routine utility maintenance of power distribution systems. Maintenance is typically not performed on units in service. However, units removed from service with appreciable remaining life are often refurbished and returned to stock. Distribution transformersmore » may be removed from service for many reasons, including failure, over- or underloading, or line upgrades such as voltage changes or rerouting. When distribution transformers are removed from service, a decision must be made whether to dispose of the transformer and purchase a lower-loss replacement or to refurbish the transformer and return it to stock for future use. This report contains findings and recommendations on replacing utility distribution transformers during routine maintenance, which is required by section 124 of the Energy Policy Act of 1992. The objectives of the study are to evaluate the practicability, cost-effectiveness, and potential energy savings of replacing or upgrading existing transformers during routine utility maintenance and to develop recommendations on ways to achieve the potential energy savings. Using survey data obtained from utilities and analyses of the economics of refurbishment versus replacement of distribution transformers that are removed from service, it is found that on average utilities are implementing reasonable decisions on refurbishment versus replacement.« less

Self-Aligning Mechanical And Electrical Coupling

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vranish, John M.

1993-01-01

Two mating assemblies of mechanical and electrical coupling designed to align itself and so easy to use that robot can operate it. Rollers and v-grooves enforce required alignment when upper and lower assemblies brought into firm contact. Mechanism inside lower assembly provides spring preload between two assemblies plus mating of electrical connectors, all actuated by rotation of driver engaged with bolt via splines.

Rod electrical coupling is controlled by a circadian clock and dopamine in mouse retina

PubMed Central

Jin, Nan Ge; Chuang, Alice Z; Masson, Philippe J; Ribelayga, Christophe P

2015-01-01

Key points Rod photoreceptors play a key role in vision in dim light; in the mammalian retina, although rods are anatomically connected or coupled by gap junctions, a type of electrical synapse, the functional importance and regulation of rod coupling has remained elusive. We have developed a new technique in the mouse: perforated patch-clamp recording of rod inner segments in isolated intact retinae maintained by superfusion. We find that rod electrical coupling is controlled by a circadian clock and dopamine, and is weak during the day and stronger at night. The results also indicate that the signal-to-noise ratio for a dim light response is increased at night because of coupling. Our observations will provide a framework for understanding the daily variations in human vision as well as the basis of specific retinal malfunctions. Abstract Rod single-photon responses are critical for vision in dim light. Electrical coupling via gap junction channels shapes the light response properties of vertebrate photoreceptors, but the regulation of rod coupling and its impact on the single-photon response have remained unclear. To directly address these questions, we developed a perforated patch-clamp recording technique and recorded from single rod inner segments in isolated intact neural mouse retinae, maintained by superfusion. Experiments were conducted at different times of the day or under constant environmental conditions, at different times across the circadian cycle. We show that rod electrical coupling is regulated by a circadian clock and dopamine, so that coupling is weak during the day and strong at night. Altogether, patch-clamp recordings of single-photon responses in mouse rods, tracer coupling, receptive field measurements and pharmacological manipulations of gap junction and dopamine receptor activity provide compelling evidence that rod coupling is modulated in a circadian manner. These data are consistent with computer modelling. At night, single-photon responses are smaller due to coupling, but the signal-to-noise ratio for a dim (multiphoton) light response is increased at night because of signal averaging between coupled rods. PMID:25616058

Automation of steam generator services at public service electric & gas

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cruickshank, H.; Wray, J.; Scull, D.

1995-03-01

Public Service Electric & Gas takes an aggressive approach to pursuing new exposure reduction techniques. Evaluation of historic outage exposure shows that over the last eight refueling outages, primary steam generator work has averaged sixty-six (66) person-rem, or, approximately tewenty-five percent (25%) of the general outage exposure at Salem Station. This maintenance evolution represents the largest percentage of exposure for any single activity. Because of this, primary steam generator work represents an excellent opportunity for the development of significant exposure reduction techniques. A study of primary steam generator maintenance activities demonstrated that seventy-five percent (75%) of radiation exposure was duemore » to work activities of the primary steam generator platform, and that development of automated methods for performing these activities was worth pursuing. Existing robotics systems were examined and it was found that a new approach would have to be developed. This resulted in a joint research and development project between Westinghouse and Public Service Electric & Gas to develop an automated system of accomplishing the Health Physics functions on the primary steam generator platform. R.O.M.M.R.S. (Remotely Operated Managed Maintenance Robotics System) was the result of this venture.« less

Electrical Power Station Theory. A Course of Technical Information for Electrical Power Station Wireman Apprentices. Revised Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lane Community Coll., Eugene, OR.

This third-year course for electrical power station wirer apprentices is a foundation for the study of all aspects of installation and maintenance of power station equipment. It also provides a good technical background as well as the general knowledge essential to power station operator trainees. The course is intended to be equivalent to a…

In-Use Performance Comparison of Hybrid Electric, CNG, and Diesel Buses at New York City Transit

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Barnitt, R. A.

2008-06-01

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) evaluated the performance of diesel, compressed natural gas (CNG), and hybrid electric (equipped with BAE Systems? HybriDrive propulsion system) transit buses at New York City Transit (NYCT). CNG, Gen I and Gen II hybrid electric propulsion systems were compared on fuel economy, maintenance and operating costs per mile, and reliability.

Clean Cities Plug-In Electric Vehicle Handbook for Fleet Managers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

2012-04-01

Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are entering the automobile market and are viable alternatives to conventional vehicles. This guide for fleet managers describes the basics of PEV technology, PEV benefits for fleets, how to select the right PEV, charging a PEV, and PEV maintenance.

30 CFR 18.20 - Quality of material, workmanship, and design.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... TESTING, EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES... facilitate inspection and maintenance. (b) MSHA will test only electrical equipment that in the opinion of... shall be accessible for field inspection, where practicable. (e) An audible warning device shall be...

30 CFR 18.20 - Quality of material, workmanship, and design.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... TESTING, EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS ELECTRIC MOTOR-DRIVEN MINE EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES... facilitate inspection and maintenance. (b) MSHA will test only electrical equipment that in the opinion of... shall be accessible for field inspection, where practicable. (e) An audible warning device shall be...

10 CFR 205.326 - Filing procedures and fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Filing procedures and fees. 205.326 Section 205.326 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OIL ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES AND SANCTIONS Electric Power System Permits and Reports... Construction, Connection, Operation, and Maintenance of Facilities for Transmission of Electric Energy at...

Maintaining close relationships: gratitude as a motivator and a detector of maintenance behavior.

PubMed

Kubacka, Kaska E; Finkenauer, Catrin; Rusbult, Caryl E; Keijsers, Loes

2011-10-01

This research examined the dual function of gratitude for relationship maintenance in close relationships. In a longitudinal study among married couples, the authors tested the dyadic effects of gratitude over three time points for approximately 4 years following marriage. They found that feelings of gratitude toward a partner stem from the partner's relationship maintenance behaviors, partly because such behaviors create the perception of responsiveness to one's needs. In turn, gratitude motivates partners to engage in relationship maintenance. Hence, the present model emphasizes that gratitude between close partners (a) originates from partners' relationship maintenance behaviors and the perception of a partner's responsiveness and (b) promotes a partner's reciprocal maintenance behaviors. Thus, the authors' findings add credence to their model, in that gratitude contributes to a reciprocal process of relationship maintenance, whereby each partner's maintenance behaviors, perceptions of responsiveness, and feelings of gratitude feed back on and influence the other's behaviors, perceptions, and feelings.

Temperature limited heater with a conduit substantially electrically isolated from the formation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vinegar, Harold J; Sandberg, Chester Ledlie

2009-07-14

A system for heating a hydrocarbon containing formation is described. A conduit may be located in an opening in the formation. The conduit includes ferromagnetic material. An electrical conductor is positioned inside the conduit, and is electrically coupled to the conduit at or near an end portion of the conduit so that the electrical conductor and the conduit are electrically coupled in series. Electrical current flows in the electrical conductor in a substantially opposite direction to electrical current flow in the conduit during application of electrical current to the system. The flow of electrons is substantially confined to the insidemore » of the conduit by the electromagnetic field generated from electrical current flow in the electrical conductor so that the outside surface of the conduit is at or near substantially zero potential at 25.degree. C. The conduit may generate heat and heat the formation during application of electrical current.« less

Functional Differentiation of a Population of Electrically-Coupled Heterogeneous Elements in a Microcircuit

PubMed Central

Sasaki, Kosei; Cropper, Elizabeth C; Weiss, Klaudiusz R; Jing, Jian

2013-01-01

Although electrical coupling is present in many microcircuits, the extent to which it will determine neuronal firing patterns and network activity remains poorly understood. This is particularly true when the coupling is present in a population of heterogeneous, or intrinsically distinct circuit elements. We examine this question in the Aplysia californica feeding motor network in five electrically-coupled identified cells, B64, B4/5, B70, B51 and a newly-identified interneuron B71. These neurons exhibit distinct activity patterns during the radula retraction phase of motor programs. In a subset of motor programs, retraction can be flexibly extended by adding a phase of network activity (hyper-retraction). This is manifested most prominently as an additional burst in the radula closure motoneuron B8. Two neurons that excite B8 (B51 and B71) and one that inhibits it (B70) are active during hyper-retraction. Consistent with their near synchronous firing, B51 and B71 showed one of the strongest coupling ratios in this group of neurons. Nonetheless, by manipulating their activity, we found that B51 preferentially acted as a driver of B64/B71 activity, whereas B71 played a larger role in driving B8 activity. In contrast, B70 was weakly coupled to other neurons and its inhibition of B8 counter-acted the excitatory drive to B8. Finally, the distinct firing patterns of the electrically-coupled neurons were fine-tuned by their intrinsic properties and the largely chemical cross-inhibition between some of them. Thus, the small microcircuit of Aplysia feeding network is advantageous in understanding how a population of electrically-coupled heterogeneous neurons may fulfill specific network functions. PMID:23283325

Rogue wave in coupled electric transmission line

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Duan, J. K.; Bai, Y. L.

2018-03-01

Distributed electrical transmission lines that consist of a large number of identical sections have been theoretically studied in the present paper. The rogue wave is analyzed and predicted using the nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE). The results indicate that, in the continuum limit, the voltage for the transmission line is described in some cases by the NLSE that is obtained using the traditional perturbation technique. The dependences of the characteristics of the rouge wave parameters on the coupled electric transmission line are shown in the paper. As is well known, rogue waves can be found for a large number of oceanic disasters, and such waves may be disastrous. However, the results of the present paper for coupled electric transmission lines may be useful.

Electrical injuries in the US mining industry, 2000-2009

PubMed Central

Homce, G.T.; Cawley, J.C.

2015-01-01

The U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Office of Mine Safety and Health Research (OMSHR) conducted a study of mining industry electrical injuries reported to the U.S. Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) for the years 2000 to 2009. The findings of that study are detailed in this paper, and serve to characterize the circumstances surrounding electrical injuries and identify causal factors. The study included three tasks: 1) a direct review of mining industry occupational injury data compiled by MSHA, 2) interpretation of the narrative descriptions available for the injuries (from MSHA data) and 3) a separate examination of fatal electrical injuries. Eight-hundred sixty-five electrical injuries were reported during the 10-year period studied, with 39 of those being fatalities. This makes electrical injuries disproportionately fatal with respect to most other types of injuries in mining. Electrical injury rates were higher in coal mining than noncoal mining and, within the coal sector, rates were higher in underground operations than in surface operations. Of the 865 total cases, electrical and machine maintenance or repair activities were involved in 580 (69%), and electricians and mechanics were injured in 362 cases (42%). Of the 39 fatal electrical injuries, 27 (69%) involved electrical maintenance or repair work, and in 21 of these 27 cases, the failure to de-energize, lock-out and tag the circuit was the cause or a contributing factor. Also, contractor employees had a much greater chance of an electrical injury being fatal than did mine operator employees. The top three root causes for fatal electrical injuries were 1) no or inadequate lock-out and tagging, 2) failure of power system components and 3) contact of overhead electrical power lines by mobile equipment. PMID:26346041

Electrical injuries in the US mining industry, 2000-2009.

PubMed

Homce, G T; Cawley, J C

The U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Office of Mine Safety and Health Research (OMSHR) conducted a study of mining industry electrical injuries reported to the U.S. Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) for the years 2000 to 2009. The findings of that study are detailed in this paper, and serve to characterize the circumstances surrounding electrical injuries and identify causal factors. The study included three tasks: 1) a direct review of mining industry occupational injury data compiled by MSHA, 2) interpretation of the narrative descriptions available for the injuries (from MSHA data) and 3) a separate examination of fatal electrical injuries. Eight-hundred sixty-five electrical injuries were reported during the 10-year period studied, with 39 of those being fatalities. This makes electrical injuries disproportionately fatal with respect to most other types of injuries in mining. Electrical injury rates were higher in coal mining than noncoal mining and, within the coal sector, rates were higher in underground operations than in surface operations. Of the 865 total cases, electrical and machine maintenance or repair activities were involved in 580 (69%), and electricians and mechanics were injured in 362 cases (42%). Of the 39 fatal electrical injuries, 27 (69%) involved electrical maintenance or repair work, and in 21 of these 27 cases, the failure to de-energize, lock-out and tag the circuit was the cause or a contributing factor. Also, contractor employees had a much greater chance of an electrical injury being fatal than did mine operator employees. The top three root causes for fatal electrical injuries were 1) no or inadequate lock-out and tagging, 2) failure of power system components and 3) contact of overhead electrical power lines by mobile equipment.

25 CFR 900.70 - What elements are included in the compensation for a lease entered into between the Secretary and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... interest paid or accrued; (e) Operation and maintenance expenses, to the extent not otherwise included in...) Monitoring and preventive maintenance of building structures and systems, including but not limited to: (i) Heating/ventilation/air conditioning; (ii) Plumbing; (iii) Electrical; (iv) Elevators; (v) Boilers; (vi...

25 CFR 900.70 - What elements are included in the compensation for a lease entered into between the Secretary and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... interest paid or accrued; (e) Operation and maintenance expenses, to the extent not otherwise included in...) Monitoring and preventive maintenance of building structures and systems, including but not limited to: (i) Heating/ventilation/air conditioning; (ii) Plumbing; (iii) Electrical; (iv) Elevators; (v) Boilers; (vi...

25 CFR 900.70 - What elements are included in the compensation for a lease entered into between the Secretary and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... interest paid or accrued; (e) Operation and maintenance expenses, to the extent not otherwise included in...) Monitoring and preventive maintenance of building structures and systems, including but not limited to: (i) Heating/ventilation/air conditioning; (ii) Plumbing; (iii) Electrical; (iv) Elevators; (v) Boilers; (vi...

25 CFR 900.70 - What elements are included in the compensation for a lease entered into between the Secretary and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... interest paid or accrued; (e) Operation and maintenance expenses, to the extent not otherwise included in...) Monitoring and preventive maintenance of building structures and systems, including but not limited to: (i) Heating/ventilation/air conditioning; (ii) Plumbing; (iii) Electrical; (iv) Elevators; (v) Boilers; (vi...

Calculated Coupling Efficiency Between an Elliptical-Core Optical Fiber and a Silicon Oxynitride Rib Waveguide [Corrected Copy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tuma, Margaret L.; Beheim, Glenn

1995-01-01

The effective-index method and Marcatili's technique were utilized independently to calculate the electric field profile of a rib channel waveguide. Using the electric field profile calculated from each method, the theoretical coupling efficiency between a single-mode optical fiber and a rib waveguide was calculated using the overlap integral. Perfect alignment was assumed and the coupling efficiency calculated. The coupling efficiency calculation was then repeated for a range of transverse offsets.

Maintenance Communication and the Organizational Commitment of Dual-Career Employees.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lay, Linda; DeWine, Sue

Focusing on the special needs of employees who are part of a two career couple, a study examined the (1) relationship between the employees' level of commitment to their employers and their perceptions of maintenance communication concerning dual career issues and (2) differences in organizational commitment between workers in dual and single…

42 CFR 435.832 - Post-eligibility treatment of income of institutionalized individuals: Application of patient...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...) $60 a month for an institutionalized couple if both spouses are aged, blind, or disabled and their... individuals and couples, an amount (in addition to the personal needs allowance) for maintenance of the individual's or couple's home if— (1) The amount is deducted for not more than a 6-month period; and (2) A...

Training Apartment Upkeep Skills to Rehabilitation Clients: A Comparison of Task Analytic Strategies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, George E.; Cuvo, Anthony J.

1986-01-01

Six severely handicapped clients were taught to perform upkeep responses on their air conditioner-heating unit, electric range, refrigerator, and electrical appliances. Results showed acquisition, long-term maintenance, and generalization of upkeep skills to a nontraining apartment. General task analyses were recommended for assessment and…

14 CFR 151.86 - Lighting and electrical work: General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Lighting and electrical work: General. 151.86 Section 151.86 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION... § 151.13; or (2) Its continued operation and adequate maintenance, and it has a large enough volume...

14 CFR 151.86 - Lighting and electrical work: General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Lighting and electrical work: General. 151.86 Section 151.86 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION... § 151.13; or (2) Its continued operation and adequate maintenance, and it has a large enough volume...

14 CFR 151.86 - Lighting and electrical work: General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Lighting and electrical work: General. 151.86 Section 151.86 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION... § 151.13; or (2) Its continued operation and adequate maintenance, and it has a large enough volume...

49 CFR 236.721 - Circuit, control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Circuit, control. 236.721 Section 236.721..., MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR OF SIGNAL AND TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND APPLIANCES Definitions § 236.721 Circuit, control. An electrical circuit between a source of electric energy and a device which it operates. ...

49 CFR 236.721 - Circuit, control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Circuit, control. 236.721 Section 236.721..., MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR OF SIGNAL AND TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND APPLIANCES Definitions § 236.721 Circuit, control. An electrical circuit between a source of electric energy and a device which it operates. ...

49 CFR 236.721 - Circuit, control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Circuit, control. 236.721 Section 236.721..., MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR OF SIGNAL AND TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND APPLIANCES Definitions § 236.721 Circuit, control. An electrical circuit between a source of electric energy and a device which it operates. ...

49 CFR 236.721 - Circuit, control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Circuit, control. 236.721 Section 236.721..., MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR OF SIGNAL AND TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND APPLIANCES Definitions § 236.721 Circuit, control. An electrical circuit between a source of electric energy and a device which it operates. ...

An Analytical Performance Assessment of a Fuel Cell-powered, Small Electric Airplane

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Berton, Jeffrey J.; Freeh, Joshua E.; Wickenheiser, Timothy J.

2003-01-01

Rapidly emerging fuel cell power technologies may be used to launch a new revolution of electric propulsion systems for light aircraft. Future small electric airplanes using fuel cell technologies hold the promise of high reliability, low maintenance, low noise, and with exception of water vapor zero emissions. This paper describes an analytical feasibility and performance assessment conducted by NASA's Glenn Research Center of a fuel cell-powered, propeller-driven, small electric airplane based on a model of the MCR 01 two-place kitplane.

Bioelectrical Signals and Ion Channels in the Modeling of Multicellular Patterns and Cancer Biophysics.

PubMed

Cervera, Javier; Alcaraz, Antonio; Mafe, Salvador

2016-02-04

Bioelectrical signals and ion channels are central to spatial patterns in cell ensembles, a problem of fundamental interest in positional information and cancer processes. We propose a model for electrically connected cells based on simple biological concepts: i) the membrane potential of a single cell characterizes its electrical state; ii) the long-range electrical coupling of the multicellular ensemble is realized by a network of gap junction channels between neighboring cells; and iii) the spatial distribution of an external biochemical agent can modify the conductances of the ion channels in a cell membrane and the multicellular electrical state. We focus on electrical effects in small multicellular ensembles, ignoring slow diffusional processes. The spatio-temporal patterns obtained for the local map of cell electric potentials illustrate the normalization of regions with abnormal cell electrical states. The effects of intercellular coupling and blocking of specific channels on the electrical patterns are described. These patterns can regulate the electrically-induced redistribution of charged nanoparticles over small regions of a model tissue. The inclusion of bioelectrical signals provides new insights for the modeling of cancer biophysics because collective multicellular states show electrical coupling mechanisms that are not readily deduced from biochemical descriptions at the individual cell level.

Bioelectrical Signals and Ion Channels in the Modeling of Multicellular Patterns and Cancer Biophysics

PubMed Central

Cervera, Javier; Alcaraz, Antonio; Mafe, Salvador

2016-01-01

Bioelectrical signals and ion channels are central to spatial patterns in cell ensembles, a problem of fundamental interest in positional information and cancer processes. We propose a model for electrically connected cells based on simple biological concepts: i) the membrane potential of a single cell characterizes its electrical state; ii) the long-range electrical coupling of the multicellular ensemble is realized by a network of gap junction channels between neighboring cells; and iii) the spatial distribution of an external biochemical agent can modify the conductances of the ion channels in a cell membrane and the multicellular electrical state. We focus on electrical effects in small multicellular ensembles, ignoring slow diffusional processes. The spatio-temporal patterns obtained for the local map of cell electric potentials illustrate the normalization of regions with abnormal cell electrical states. The effects of intercellular coupling and blocking of specific channels on the electrical patterns are described. These patterns can regulate the electrically-induced redistribution of charged nanoparticles over small regions of a model tissue. The inclusion of bioelectrical signals provides new insights for the modeling of cancer biophysics because collective multicellular states show electrical coupling mechanisms that are not readily deduced from biochemical descriptions at the individual cell level. PMID:26841954

Bioelectrical Signals and Ion Channels in the Modeling of Multicellular Patterns and Cancer Biophysics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cervera, Javier; Alcaraz, Antonio; Mafe, Salvador

2016-02-01

Bioelectrical signals and ion channels are central to spatial patterns in cell ensembles, a problem of fundamental interest in positional information and cancer processes. We propose a model for electrically connected cells based on simple biological concepts: i) the membrane potential of a single cell characterizes its electrical state; ii) the long-range electrical coupling of the multicellular ensemble is realized by a network of gap junction channels between neighboring cells; and iii) the spatial distribution of an external biochemical agent can modify the conductances of the ion channels in a cell membrane and the multicellular electrical state. We focus on electrical effects in small multicellular ensembles, ignoring slow diffusional processes. The spatio-temporal patterns obtained for the local map of cell electric potentials illustrate the normalization of regions with abnormal cell electrical states. The effects of intercellular coupling and blocking of specific channels on the electrical patterns are described. These patterns can regulate the electrically-induced redistribution of charged nanoparticles over small regions of a model tissue. The inclusion of bioelectrical signals provides new insights for the modeling of cancer biophysics because collective multicellular states show electrical coupling mechanisms that are not readily deduced from biochemical descriptions at the individual cell level.

Planning for electric vehicle needs by coupling charging profiles with urban mobility

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Yanyan; ćolak, Serdar; Kara, Emre C.; Moura, Scott J.; González, Marta C.

2018-06-01

The rising adoption of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) leads to the temporal alignment of their electricity and mobility demands. However, mobility demand has not yet been considered in electricity planning and management. Here, we present a method to estimate individual mobility of PEV drivers at fine temporal and spatial resolution, by integrating three unique datasets of mobile phone activity of 1.39 million Bay Area residents, census data and the PEV drivers survey data. Through coupling the uncovered patterns of PEV mobility with the charging activity of PEVs in 580,000 session profiles obtained in the same region, we recommend changes in PEV charging times of commuters at their work stations and shave the pronounced peak in power demand. Informed by the tariff of electricity, we calculate the monetary gains to incentivize the adoption of the recommendations. These results open avenues for planning for the future of coupled transportation and electricity needs using personalized data.

Cut-loading: a useful tool for examining the extent of gap junction tracer coupling between retinal neurons.

PubMed

Choi, Hee Joo; Ribelayga, Christophe P; Mangel, Stuart C

2012-01-12

In addition to chemical synaptic transmission, neurons that are connected by gap junctions can also communicate rapidly via electrical synaptic transmission. Increasing evidence indicates that gap junctions not only permit electrical current flow and synchronous activity between interconnected or coupled cells, but that the strength or effectiveness of electrical communication between coupled cells can be modulated to a great extent(1,2). In addition, the large internal diameter (~1.2 nm) of many gap junction channels permits not only electric current flow, but also the diffusion of intracellular signaling molecules and small metabolites between interconnected cells, so that gap junctions may also mediate metabolic and chemical communication. The strength of gap junctional communication between neurons and its modulation by neurotransmitters and other factors can be studied by simultaneously electrically recording from coupled cells and by determining the extent of diffusion of tracer molecules, which are gap junction permeable, but not membrane permeable, following iontophoretic injection into single cells. However, these procedures can be extremely difficult to perform on neurons with small somata in intact neural tissue. Numerous studies on electrical synapses and the modulation of electrical communication have been conducted in the vertebrate retina, since each of the five retinal neuron types is electrically connected by gap junctions(3,4). Increasing evidence has shown that the circadian (24-hour) clock in the retina and changes in light stimulation regulate gap junction coupling(3-8). For example, recent work has demonstrated that the retinal circadian clock decreases gap junction coupling between rod and cone photoreceptor cells during the day by increasing dopamine D2 receptor activation, and dramatically increases rod-cone coupling at night by reducing D2 receptor activation(7,8). However, not only are these studies extremely difficult to perform on neurons with small somata in intact neural retinal tissue, but it can be difficult to adequately control the illumination conditions during the electrophysiological study of single retinal neurons to avoid light-induced changes in gap junction conductance. Here, we present a straightforward method of determining the extent of gap junction tracer coupling between retinal neurons under different illumination conditions and at different times of the day and night. This cut-loading technique is a modification of scrape loading(9-12), which is based on dye loading and diffusion through open gap junction channels. Scrape loading works well in cultured cells, but not in thick slices such as intact retinas. The cut-loading technique has been used to study photoreceptor coupling in intact fish and mammalian retinas(7, 8,13), and can be used to study coupling between other retinal neurons, as described here.

Self-triggering superconducting fault current limiter

DOEpatents

Yuan, Xing [Albany, NY; Tekletsadik, Kasegn [Rexford, NY

2008-10-21

A modular and scaleable Matrix Fault Current Limiter (MFCL) that functions as a "variable impedance" device in an electric power network, using components made of superconducting and non-superconducting electrically conductive materials. The matrix fault current limiter comprises a fault current limiter module that includes a superconductor which is electrically coupled in parallel with a trigger coil, wherein the trigger coil is magnetically coupled to the superconductor. The current surge doing a fault within the electrical power network will cause the superconductor to transition to its resistive state and also generate a uniform magnetic field in the trigger coil and simultaneously limit the voltage developed across the superconductor. This results in fast and uniform quenching of the superconductors, significantly reduces the burnout risk associated with non-uniformity often existing within the volume of superconductor materials. The fault current limiter modules may be electrically coupled together to form various "n" (rows).times."m" (columns) matrix configurations.

Electric polarization observed in single crystals of multiferroic Lu 2 MnCoO 6

DOE PAGES

Chikara, Shalinee; Singleton, John; Bowlan, John M.; ...

2016-05-17

We report electric polarization and magnetization measurements in single crystals of double perovskite Lu 2MnCoO 6 using pulsed magnetic fields and optical second harmonic generation in dc magnetic fields. We observe well-resolved magnetic field-induced changes in the electric polarization in single crystals and thereby resolve the question about whether multiferroic behavior is intrinsic to these materials or is an extrinsic feature of polycrystals. We find electric polarization along the crystalline b axis, that is suppressed by applying a magnetic fields along the c axis, and advance a model for the origin of magnetoelectric coupling. We furthermore map the phase diagrammore » using both capacitance and electric polarization to identify regions of ordering and regions of magnetoelectric hysteresis. This compound is a rare example of coupled hysteretic behavior in the magnetic and electric properties. Furthermore, the ferromagneticlike magnetic hysteresis loop that couples to hysteretic electric polarization can be attributed not to ordinary ferromagnetic domains, but to the rich physics of magnetic frustration of Ising-like spins in the axial next-nearest-neighbor interaction model.« less

Pre-adoptive Factors Predicting Lesbian, Gay, and Heterosexual Couples’ Relationship Quality Across the Transition to Adoptive Parenthood

PubMed Central

Goldberg, Abbie E.; Smith, JuliAnna Z.; Kashy, Deborah A.

2010-01-01

The current study examined pre-adoptive factors as predictors of relationship quality (love, ambivalence, and conflict) among 125 couples (44 lesbian couples, 30 gay couples, and 51 heterosexual couples) across the first year of adoptive parenthood. On average, all new parents experienced declines in their relationship quality across the first year of parenthood, regardless of sexual orientation, with women experiencing steeper declines in love. Parents who, pre-adoption, reported higher levels of depression, greater use of avoidant coping, lower levels of relationship maintenance behaviors, and less satisfaction with their adoption agencies reported lower relationship quality at the time of the adoption. The effect of avoidant coping on relationship quality varied by gender. Parents who, pre-adoption, reported higher levels of depression, greater use of confrontative coping, and higher levels of relationship maintenance behaviors reported greater declines in relationship quality. These findings have implications for professionals who work with adoptive parents both pre- and post-adoption. PMID:20545395

An Overview of Dynamic Contact Resistance Measurement of HV Circuit Breakers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bhole, A. A.; Gandhare, W. Z.

2016-06-01

With the deregulation of the electrical power industry, utilities and service companies are operating in a changing business environment. High voltage circuit breakers are extremely important for the function of modern electric power supply systems. The need to predict the proper function of circuit breaker grew over the years as the transmission networks expanded. The maintenance of circuit breakers deserves special consideration because of their importance for routine switching and for protection of other equipments. Electric transmission system breakups and equipment destruction can occur if a circuit breaker fails to operate because of a lack of preventive maintenance. Dynamic Contact Resistance Measurement (DCRM) is known as an effective technique for assessing the condition of power circuit breakers contacts and operating mechanism. This paper gives a general review about DCRM. It discusses the practical case studies on use of DCRM for condition assessment of high voltage circuit breakers.

Electric utilities and the info-way - are electrics and telcos fellow travelers or competitors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ashworth, M.J.

1994-03-15

This article examines the future role of telecommunications and the so-called information superhighway in the operations of electric utilities. Utilities should take advantage of information technology through informal alliances with telecommunications hardware and service suppliers, should limit investments in alternative meter-level technologies to those that are cheap, easily integrated, and flexible, and should consider outsourcing network implementation, maintenance, and management functions.

Lightning Discharges to Aircraft and Associated Meteorological Conditions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harrison, L P

1946-01-01

A summary is given of information on atmospheric electrical discharges to aircraft and associated meteorological conditions. Information is given that is designed to give a fairly comprehensive view of the underlying principles of meteorology and atmospheric electricity. Of special interest to pilots are lists of procedures of flight conduct and aircraft maintenance recommended foe avoiding or minimizing the hazards of disruptive electrical discharges and other severe conditions near thunderstorms.

The Origin and Coupling Mechanism of the Magnetoelectric Effect in TM Cl 2 -4SC(NH 2 ) 2 ( TM = Ni and Co)

DOE PAGES

Mun, Eundeok; Wilcox, Jason; Manson, Jamie L.; ...

2014-01-01

Most research on multiferroics and magnetoelectric effects to date has focused on inorganic oxides. Molecule-based materials are a relatively new field in which to search for magnetoelectric multiferroics and to explore new coupling mechanisms between electric and magnetic order. We present magnetoelectric behavior in NiCl 2 -4SC(NH 2 ) 2 (DTN) and CoCl 2 -4SC(NH 2 ) 2 (DTC). These compounds form tetragonal structures where the transition metal ion (Ni or Co) is surrounded by four electrically polar thiourea molecules [SC(NH 2 ) 2 ]. By tracking the magnetic and electric properties of these compounds as a function of magneticmore » field, we gain insights into the coupling mechanism by observing that, in DTN, the electric polarization tracks the magnetic ordering, whereas in DTC it does not. For DTN, all electrically polar thiourea molecules tilt in the same direction along the c -axis, breaking spatial-inversion symmetry, whereas, for DTC, two thiourea molecules tilt up and two tilt down with respect to c -axis, perfectly canceling the net electrical polarization. Thus, the magnetoelectric coupling mechanism in DTN is likely a magnetostrictive adjustment of the thiourea molecule orientation in response to magnetic order.« less

Electric-field control of local ferromagnetism using a magnetoelectric multiferroic.

PubMed

Chu, Ying-Hao; Martin, Lane W; Holcomb, Mikel B; Gajek, Martin; Han, Shu-Jen; He, Qing; Balke, Nina; Yang, Chan-Ho; Lee, Donkoun; Hu, Wei; Zhan, Qian; Yang, Pei-Ling; Fraile-Rodríguez, Arantxa; Scholl, Andreas; Wang, Shan X; Ramesh, R

2008-06-01

Multiferroics are of interest for memory and logic device applications, as the coupling between ferroelectric and magnetic properties enables the dynamic interaction between these order parameters. Here, we report an approach to control and switch local ferromagnetism with an electric field using multiferroics. We use two types of electromagnetic coupling phenomenon that are manifested in heterostructures consisting of a ferromagnet in intimate contact with the multiferroic BiFeO(3). The first is an internal, magnetoelectric coupling between antiferromagnetism and ferroelectricity in the BiFeO(3) film that leads to electric-field control of the antiferromagnetic order. The second is based on exchange interactions at the interface between a ferromagnet (Co(0.9)Fe(0.1)) and the antiferromagnet. We have discovered a one-to-one mapping of the ferroelectric and ferromagnetic domains, mediated by the colinear coupling between the magnetization in the ferromagnet and the projection of the antiferromagnetic order in the multiferroic. Our preliminary experiments reveal the possibility to locally control ferromagnetism with an electric field.

Electric-field control of local ferromagnetism using a magnetoelectric multiferroic

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chu, Ying-Hao; Martin, Lane W.; Holcomb, Mikel B.; Gajek, Martin; Han, Shu-Jen; He, Qing; Balke, Nina; Yang, Chan-Ho; Lee, Donkoun; Hu, Wei; Zhan, Qian; Yang, Pei-Ling; Fraile-Rodríguez, Arantxa; Scholl, Andreas; Wang, Shan X.; Ramesh, R.

2008-06-01

Multiferroics are of interest for memory and logic device applications, as the coupling between ferroelectric and magnetic properties enables the dynamic interaction between these order parameters. Here, we report an approach to control and switch local ferromagnetism with an electric field using multiferroics. We use two types of electromagnetic coupling phenomenon that are manifested in heterostructures consisting of a ferromagnet in intimate contact with the multiferroic BiFeO3. The first is an internal, magnetoelectric coupling between antiferromagnetism and ferroelectricity in the BiFeO3 film that leads to electric-field control of the antiferromagnetic order. The second is based on exchange interactions at the interface between a ferromagnet (Co0.9Fe0.1) and the antiferromagnet. We have discovered a one-to-one mapping of the ferroelectric and ferromagnetic domains, mediated by the colinear coupling between the magnetization in the ferromagnet and the projection of the antiferromagnetic order in the multiferroic. Our preliminary experiments reveal the possibility to locally control ferromagnetism with an electric field.

Electromagnetic versus electrical coupling of personal frequency modulation (FM) receivers to cochlear implant sound processors.

PubMed

Schafer, Erin C; Romine, Denise; Musgrave, Elizabeth; Momin, Sadaf; Huynh, Christy

2013-01-01

Previous research has suggested that electrically coupled frequency modulation (FM) systems substantially improved speech-recognition performance in noise in individuals with cochlear implants (CIs). However, there is limited evidence to support the use of electromagnetically coupled (neck loop) FM receivers with contemporary CI sound processors containing telecoils. The primary goal of this study was to compare speech-recognition performance in noise and subjective ratings of adolescents and adults using one of three contemporary CI sound processors coupled to electromagnetically and electrically coupled FM receivers from Oticon. A repeated-measures design was used to compare speech-recognition performance in noise and subjective ratings without and with the FM systems across three test sessions (Experiment 1) and to compare performance at different FM-gain settings (Experiment 2). Descriptive statistics were used in Experiment 3 to describe output differences measured through a CI sound processor. Experiment 1 included nine adolescents or adults with unilateral or bilateral Advanced Bionics Harmony (n = 3), Cochlear Nucleus 5 (n = 3), and MED-EL OPUS 2 (n = 3) CI sound processors. In Experiment 2, seven of the original nine participants were tested. In Experiment 3, electroacoustic output was measured from a Nucleus 5 sound processor when coupled to the electromagnetically coupled Oticon Arc neck loop and electrically coupled Oticon R2. In Experiment 1, participants completed a field trial with each FM receiver and three test sessions that included speech-recognition performance in noise and a subjective rating scale. In Experiment 2, participants were tested in three receiver-gain conditions. Results in both experiments were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Experiment 3 involved electroacoustic-test measures to determine the monitor-earphone output of the CI alone and CI coupled to the two FM receivers. The results in Experiment 1 suggested that both FM receivers provided significantly better speech-recognition performance in noise than the CI alone; however, the electromagnetically coupled receiver provided significantly better speech-recognition performance in noise and better ratings in some situations than the electrically coupled receiver when set to the same gain. In Experiment 2, the primary analysis suggested significantly better speech-recognition performance in noise for the neck-loop versus electrically coupled receiver, but a second analysis, using the best performance across gain settings for each device, revealed no significant differences between the two FM receivers. Experiment 3 revealed monitor-earphone output differences in the Nucleus 5 sound processor for the two FM receivers when set to the +8 setting used in Experiment 1 but equal output when the electrically coupled device was set to a +16 gain setting and the electromagnetically coupled device was set to the +8 gain setting. Individuals with contemporary sound processors may show more favorable speech-recognition performance in noise electromagnetically coupled FM systems (i.e., Oticon Arc), which is most likely related to the input processing and signal processing pathway within the CI sound processor for direct input versus telecoil input. Further research is warranted to replicate these findings with a larger sample size and to develop and validate a more objective approach to fitting FM systems to CI sound processors. American Academy of Audiology.

Perceptual/Psychomotor Requirements Basic to performance in 35 Air Force Specialties.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-12-01

Supra-segmental Reflexes c 26. Locomotor Movements¢ 27. Non- Locomotor Movementac 28. Manipulative Movements c 29. Kinesthetic Discrimination 30...auxiliary equipment components for installation (6.10, Ground Radio Equipment Repair) Control Operate standard gasoline or electric powered forklifts...Precision (6.23, Munitions Maintenance) Operate munitions transport trucks or truck-tractors (6.19, Munitions Maintenance) Rate operate standard gasoline or

Negative refraction with low absorption using Raman transitions with magnetoelectric coupling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sikes, D. E.; Yavuz, D. D.

2010-07-15

We suggest a scheme for obtaining negative refraction that does not require the simultaneous presence of an electric-dipole and a magnetic-dipole transition near the same transition frequency. The key idea of the scheme is to obtain a strong electric response by using far-off-resonant Raman transitions. We propose to use a pair of electric-dipole Raman transitions and utilize magneto-electric cross coupling to achieve a negative index of refraction without requiring negative permeability. The interference of the two Raman transitions allows tunable negative refraction with low absorption.

Numerical correction of the phase error due to electromagnetic coupling effects in 1D EIT borehole measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Y.; Zimmermann, E.; Huisman, J. A.; Treichel, A.; Wolters, B.; van Waasen, S.; Kemna, A.

2012-12-01

Spectral Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) allows obtaining images of the complex electrical conductivity for a broad frequency range (mHz to kHz). It has recently received increased interest in the field of near-surface geophysics and hydrogeophysics because of the relationships between complex electrical properties and hydrogeological and biogeochemical properties and processes observed in the laboratory with Spectral Induced Polarization (SIP). However, these laboratory results have also indicated that a high phase accuracy is required for surface and borehole EIT measurements because many soils and sediments are only weakly polarizable and show phase angles between 1 and 20 mrad. In the case of borehole EIT measurements, long cables and electrode chains (>10 meters) are typically used, which leads to undesired inductive coupling between the electric loops for current injection and potential measurement and capacitive coupling between the electrically conductive cable shielding and the soil. Depending on the electrical properties of the subsurface and the measured transfer impedances, both coupling effects can cause large phase errors that have typically limited the frequency bandwidth of field EIT measurement to the mHz to Hz range. The aim of this study is i) to develop correction procedures for these coupling effects to extend the applicability of EIT to the kHz range and ii) to validate these corrections using controlled laboratory measurements and field measurements. In order to do so, the inductive coupling effect was modeled using electronic circuit models and the capacitive coupling effect was modeled by integrating discrete capacitances in the electrical forward model describing the EIT measurement process. The correction methods were successfully verified with measurements under controlled conditions in a water-filled rain barrel, where a high phase accuracy of 2 mrad in the frequency range up to 10 kHz was achieved. In a field demonstration using a 25 m borehole chain with 8 electrodes with 1 m electrode separation, the corrections were also applied within a 1D inversion of the borehole EIT measurements. The results show that the correction methods increased the measurement accuracy considerably.

49 CFR 214.525 - Towing with on-track roadway maintenance machines or hi-rail vehicles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... other coupling device that provides a safe and secure attachment. (b) An on-track roadway maintenance... towing would cause the machine or hi-rail vehicle to exceed the capabilities of its braking system. In determining the limit of the braking system, the employer must consider the track grade (slope), as well as...

49 CFR 214.525 - Towing with on-track roadway maintenance machines or hi-rail vehicles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... other coupling device that provides a safe and secure attachment. (b) An on-track roadway maintenance... towing would cause the machine or hi-rail vehicle to exceed the capabilities of its braking system. In determining the limit of the braking system, the employer must consider the track grade (slope), as well as...

Income and Independence Effects on Marital Dissolution: Results from the Seattle and Denver Income-Maintenance Experiments.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hannan, Michael T.; And Others

1978-01-01

Discusses effects of income and income fluctuation on marital dissolution. Data are based on a model of nonlinear income and independence effects. Findings indicated that effects of an income maintenance program on marital dissolution depend upon the payment a couple receives, income before the program, level of the wife's independence, and…

AUTOMOTIVE DIESEL MAINTENANCE 2. UNIT V, AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSIONS--TORQUE CONVERTER.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Human Engineering Inst., Cleveland, OH.

THIS MODULE OF A 25-MODULE COURSE IS DESIGNED TO DEVELOP AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF TORQUE CONVERTERS USED ON DIESEL POWERED VEHICLES. TOPICS ARE (1) FLUID COUPLINGS (LOCATION AND PURPOSE), (2) PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION, (3) TORQUE CONVERRS, (4) TORQMATIC CONVERTER, (5) THREE STAGE, THREE ELEMENT TORQUE CONVERTER, AND (6)…

Method and apparatus for controlling a microturbine

DOEpatents

Garces, Luis Jose; Cardinal, Mark Edward; Sinha, Gautam; Dame, Mark Edward

2005-08-02

An apparatus for controlling a microturbine, the apparatus including: a rectifier adapted for converting at least one generated voltage from the microturbine to a DC link voltage; an inverter adapted for converting the DC link voltage to at least one inverter output voltage, the at least one inverter output voltage being electrically coupled to an external power bus; a starter drive adapted for converting at least one starter input voltage to at least one starter output voltage, the at least one starter input voltage being electrically coupled to the external power bus, the at least one starter output voltage being electrically coupled to the microturbine.

Electric and magnetic target polarization in quantum radar

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brandsema, Matthew J.; Narayanan, Ram M.; Lanzagorta, Marco

2017-05-01

In this paper, we discuss the effect that photon polarization has on the quantum radar cross section (QRCS) during the special case scenario of when the target is enveloped in either a uniform electric field or magnetic field and all of its atomic electric/magnetic dipole moments become aligned (target polarization). This target polarization causes the coupling between the photon and the matter to change and alter the scattering characteristics of the target. Most notably, it causes scattering to be very near zero at a specified angle. We also investigate the relationship between electric and magnetic types of coupling and find that the electric contribution dominates the QRCS response.

Conductor disc used to suppress spurious mode and enhance electric coupling in a dielectric loaded combline resonator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pholele, T. M.; Chuma, J. M.

2016-03-01

The effects of conductor disc in a dielectric loaded combline resonator on its spurious performance, unloaded quality factor (Qu), and coupling coefficients are analysed using a commercial electromagnetic software package CST Microwave Studio (CST MWS). The disc improves the spurious free band but simultaneously deteriorates the Qu. The presence of the disc substantially improves the electric coupling by a factor of 1.891 for an aperture opening of 12 mm, while it has insignificant effect on the magnetic coupling.

Aconitase couples metabolic regulation to mitochondrial DNA maintenance.

PubMed

Chen, Xin Jie; Wang, Xiaowen; Kaufman, Brett A; Butow, Ronald A

2005-02-04

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is essential for cells to maintain respiratory competency and is inherited as a protein-DNA complex called the nucleoid. We have identified 22 mtDNA-associated proteins in yeast, among which is mitochondrial aconitase (Aco1p). We show that this Krebs-cycle enzyme is essential for mtDNA maintenance independent of its catalytic activity. Regulation of ACO1 expression by the HAP and retrograde metabolic signaling pathways directly affects mtDNA maintenance. When constitutively expressed, Aco1p can replace the mtDNA packaging function of the high-mobility-group protein Abf2p. Thus, Aco1p may integrate metabolic signals and mtDNA maintenance.

METHODS OF VOCATIONAL TRAINING FOR OLDER WORKERS IN THE FRENCH NATIONAL RAILWAYS.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

COQUERET, A.

WHEN THE FRENCH NATIONAL RAILWAY CONVERTED FROM STEAM TO AN ELECTRIC AND DIESEL-ELECTRIC TRACTION SYSTEM, IT WAS NECESSARY TO RETRAIN OLDER (OVER 40) SKILLED WORKERS--DRIVERS, LOCOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE MEN AND SUPERVISORS OF WORKSHOPS AND DEPOTS. THE INTELLECTUAL AND EMOTIONAL DIFFICULTIES OF OLDER PERSONS IN RETRAINING WERE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION…

Workers' exposure to electric fields during the task 'maintenance of an operating device of circuit breaker from a service platform' at 110-kV substations.

PubMed

Korpinen, Leena; Pääkkönen, Rauno

2018-02-26

The objective of the study was to investigate occupational exposure to electric fields during the task 'maintenance of an operating device of circuit breaker from a service platform' at 110-kV substations. The aim was also to compare the results to Directive 2013/35/EU. At 16 substations, 255 electric field measurements were performed. The highest mean value of the electric fields was 9.6 kV⋅m -1 . At 63% of substations the maximum values were over 10.0 kV⋅m -1 , and at 31% of the substations the 75th percentiles were over 10.0 kV⋅m -1 , which is the low action level (AL) according to Directive 2013/35/EU. All measured values were below the high AL (20.0 kV⋅m -1 ). In the future, it is important to take into account that the measurements were only taken at Finnish 110-kV substations; therefore, it is not possible to generalize these results to other countries and different types of substations.

Operations and maintenance in the glass container industry

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Barbieri, D.; Jacobson, D.

1999-07-01

Compressed air is a significant electrical end-use at most manufacturing facilities, and few industries utilize compressed air to the extent of the glass container industry. Unfortunately, compressed air is often a significant source of wasted energy because many customers view it as a low-maintenance system. In the case of the glass container industry, compressed air is a mission-critical system used for driving production machinery, blowing glass, cooling plungers and product, and packaging. Leakage totaling 10% of total compressed air capacity is not uncommon, and leakage rates upwards of 40% have been observed. Even though energy savings from repairing compressed airmore » leaks can be substantial, regular maintenance procedures are often not in place for compressed air systems. In order to achieve future savings in the compressed air end-use, O and M programs must make a special effort to educate customers on the significant energy impacts of regular compressed air system maintenance. This paper will focus on the glass industry, its reliability on compressed air, and the unique savings potential in the glass container industry. Through a technical review of the glass production process, this paper will identify compressed air as a highly significant electrical consumer in these facilities and present ideas on how to produce and deliver compressed air in a more efficient manner. It will also examine a glass container manufacturer with extremely high savings potential in compressed air systems, but little initiative to establish and perform compressed air maintenance due to an if it works, don't mess with it maintenance philosophy. Finally, this paper will address the economic benefit of compressed air maintenance in this and other manufacturing industries.« less

Large magnetoelectric coupling in magnetically short-range ordered Bi₅Ti₃FeO₁₅ film.

PubMed

Zhao, Hongyang; Kimura, Hideo; Cheng, Zhenxiang; Osada, Minoru; Wang, Jianli; Wang, Xiaolin; Dou, Shixue; Liu, Yan; Yu, Jianding; Matsumoto, Takao; Tohei, Tetsuya; Shibata, Naoya; Ikuhara, Yuichi

2014-06-11

Multiferroic materials, which offer the possibility of manipulating the magnetic state by an electric field or vice versa, are of great current interest. However, single-phase materials with such cross-coupling properties at room temperature exist rarely in nature; new design of nano-engineered thin films with a strong magneto-electric coupling is a fundamental challenge. Here we demonstrate a robust room-temperature magneto-electric coupling in a bismuth-layer-structured ferroelectric Bi₅Ti₃FeO₁₅ with high ferroelectric Curie temperature of ~1000 K. Bi₅Ti₃FeO₁₅ thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition are single-phase layered perovskit with nearly (00l)-orientation. Room-temperature multiferroic behavior is demonstrated by a large modulation in magneto-polarization and magneto-dielectric responses. Local structural characterizations by transmission electron microscopy and Mössbauer spectroscopy reveal the existence of Fe-rich nanodomains, which cause a short-range magnetic ordering at ~620 K. In Bi₅Ti₃FeO₁₅ with a stable ferroelectric order, the spin canting of magnetic-ion-based nanodomains via the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction might yield a robust magneto-electric coupling of ~400 mV/Oe·cm even at room temperature.

Modeling of synchronization behavior of bursting neurons at nonlinearly coupled dynamical networks.

PubMed

Çakir, Yüksel

2016-01-01

Synchronization behaviors of bursting neurons coupled through electrical and dynamic chemical synapses are investigated. The Izhikevich model is used with random and small world network of bursting neurons. Various currents which consist of diffusive electrical and time-delayed dynamic chemical synapses are used in the simulations to investigate the influences of synaptic currents and couplings on synchronization behavior of bursting neurons. The effects of parameters, such as time delay, inhibitory synaptic strengths, and decay time on synchronization behavior are investigated. It is observed that in random networks with no delay, bursting synchrony is established with the electrical synapse alone, single spiking synchrony is observed with hybrid coupling. In small world network with no delay, periodic bursting behavior with multiple spikes is observed when only chemical and only electrical synapse exist. Single-spike and multiple-spike bursting are established with hybrid couplings. A decrease in the synchronization measure is observed with zero time delay, as the decay time is increased in random network. For synaptic delays which are above active phase period, synchronization measure increases with an increase in synaptic strength and time delay in small world network. However, in random network, it increases with only an increase in synaptic strength.

Magnetically coupled system for mixing

DOEpatents

Miller, III, Harlan; Meichel, George; Legere, Edward; Malkiel, Edwin; Woods, Robert Paul; Ashley, Oliver; Katz, Joseph; Ward, Jason; Petersen, Paul

2015-09-22

The invention provides a mixing system comprising a magnetically coupled drive system and a foil for cultivating algae, or cyanobacteria, in an open or enclosed vessel. The invention provides effective mixing, low energy usage, low capital expenditure, and ease of drive system component maintenance while maintaining the integrity of a sealed mixing vessel.

Magnetically coupled system for mixing

DOEpatents

Miller, III, Harlan; Meichel, George; Legere, Edward; Malkiel, Edwin; Woods, Robert Paul; Ashley, Oliver; Katz, Joseph; Ward, Jason; Petersen, Paul

2014-04-01

The invention provides a mixing system comprising a magnetically coupled drive system and a foil for cultivating algae, or cyanobacteria, in an open or enclosed vessel. The invention provides effective mixing, low energy usage, low capital expenditure, and ease of drive system component maintenance while maintaining the integrity of a sealed mixing vessel.

49 CFR 236.509 - Two or more locomotives coupled.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR OF SIGNAL AND TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND APPLIANCES Automatic Train Stop, Train Control and Cab Signal Systems Standards § 236.509 Two or more locomotives coupled. The automatic train stop, train control or cab signal apparatus shall be arranged so that when two or...

49 CFR 236.509 - Two or more locomotives coupled.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR OF SIGNAL AND TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND APPLIANCES Automatic Train Stop, Train Control and Cab Signal Systems Standards § 236.509 Two or more locomotives coupled. The automatic train stop, train control or cab signal apparatus shall be arranged so that when two or...

Equipment Safety, Maintenance and Inspection: What the Oral Surgeon Needs to Know.

PubMed

Keeley, Katherine A

2017-05-01

Many oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures are done in an office-based setting, with many oral and maxillofacial surgeons involved in oversight of equipment maintenance. Goals in equipment management are to prevent harm to patients and staff, stay compliant with current regulations, and increase equipment longevity. This article covers the safety, maintenance, and inspection related to electrical equipment used in the treatment of patients, autoclaves, radiograph machines, nitrous oxide and oxygen medical gases, and required back-up power and lighting. An office should always follow manufacturer's recommendations regarding maintenance and inspection and document policies and monitoring so compliance can be assured. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Electrochemical system and method for electropolishing superconductive radio frequency cavities

DOEpatents

Taylor, E. Jennings; Inman, Maria E.; Hall, Timothy

2015-04-14

An electrochemical finishing system for super conducting radio frequency (SCRF) cavities including a low viscosity electrolyte solution that is free of hydrofluoric acid, an electrode in contact with the electrolyte solution, the SCRF cavity being spaced apart from the electrode and in contact with the electrolyte solution and a power source including a first electrical lead electrically coupled to the electrode and a second electrical lead electrically coupled to the cavity, the power source being configured to pass an electric current between the electrode and the workpiece, wherein the electric current includes anodic pulses and cathodic pulses, and wherein the cathodic pulses are interposed between at least some of the anodic pulses. The SCRF cavity may be vertically oriented during the finishing process.

Electrical and Quench Performance of the First MICE Coupling Coil

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tartaglia, M. A.; Carcagno, R.; Makulski, A.

The first MICE Coupling Coil has been tested in a conduction-cooled environment in the new Solenoid Test Facility at Fermilab. We present an overview of the power and quench protection scheme, and report on the electrical and quench performance results obtained during cold power tests of the magnet.

40 CFR 1042.505 - Testing engines using discrete-mode or ramped-modal duty cycles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... used with) controllable-pitch propellers or with electrically coupled propellers, unless these engines... engines that are used with (or intended to be used with) controllable-pitch propellers or with electrically coupled propellers. Use this duty cycle also for variable-speed propulsion marine engines that are...

40 CFR 1042.505 - Testing engines using discrete-mode or ramped-modal duty cycles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... used with) controllable-pitch propellers or with electrically coupled propellers, unless these engines... engines that are used with (or intended to be used with) controllable-pitch propellers or with electrically coupled propellers. Use this duty cycle also for variable-speed propulsion marine engines that are...

40 CFR 1042.505 - Testing engines using discrete-mode or ramped-modal duty cycles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... used with) controllable-pitch propellers or with electrically coupled propellers, unless these engines... engines that are used with (or intended to be used with) controllable-pitch propellers or with electrically coupled propellers. Use this duty cycle also for variable-speed propulsion marine engines that are...

Electrical and Quench Performance of the First MICE Coupling Coil

DOE PAGES

Tartaglia, M. A.; Carcagno, R.; Makulski, A.; ...

2014-11-10

The first MICE Coupling Coil has been tested in a conduction-cooled environment in the new Solenoid Test Facility at Fermilab. We present an overview of the power and quench protection scheme, and report on the electrical and quench performance results obtained during cold power tests of the magnet.

Modelling Feedback Excitation, Pacemaker Properties and Sensory Switching of Electrically Coupled Brainstem Neurons Controlling Rhythmic Activity

PubMed Central

Hull, Michael J.; Soffe, Stephen R.; Willshaw, David J.; Roberts, Alan

2016-01-01

What cellular and network properties allow reliable neuronal rhythm generation or firing that can be started and stopped by brief synaptic inputs? We investigate rhythmic activity in an electrically-coupled population of brainstem neurons driving swimming locomotion in young frog tadpoles, and how activity is switched on and off by brief sensory stimulation. We build a computational model of 30 electrically-coupled conditional pacemaker neurons on one side of the tadpole hindbrain and spinal cord. Based on experimental estimates for neuron properties, population sizes, synapse strengths and connections, we show that: long-lasting, mutual, glutamatergic excitation between the neurons allows the network to sustain rhythmic pacemaker firing at swimming frequencies following brief synaptic excitation; activity persists but rhythm breaks down without electrical coupling; NMDA voltage-dependency doubles the range of synaptic feedback strengths generating sustained rhythm. The network can be switched on and off at short latency by brief synaptic excitation and inhibition. We demonstrate that a population of generic Hodgkin-Huxley type neurons coupled by glutamatergic excitatory feedback can generate sustained asynchronous firing switched on and off synaptically. We conclude that networks of neurons with NMDAR mediated feedback excitation can generate self-sustained activity following brief synaptic excitation. The frequency of activity is limited by the kinetics of the neuron membrane channels and can be stopped by brief inhibitory input. Network activity can be rhythmic at lower frequencies if the neurons are electrically coupled. Our key finding is that excitatory synaptic feedback within a population of neurons can produce switchable, stable, sustained firing without synaptic inhibition. PMID:26824331

A novel approach for in vitro studies applying electrical fields to cell cultures by transformer-like coupling.

PubMed

Hess, R; Neubert, H; Seifert, A; Bierbaum, S; Hart, D A; Scharnweber, D

2012-12-01

The purpose of this study was to develop a new apparatus for in vitro studies applying low frequency electrical fields to cells without interfering side effects like biochemical reactions or magnetic fields which occur in currently available systems. We developed a non-invasive method by means of the principle of transformer-like coupling where the magnetic field is concentrated in a toroid and, therefore, does not affect the cell culture. Next to an extensive characterization of the electrical field parameters, initial cell culture studies have focused on examining the response of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to pulsed electrical fields. While no significant differences in the proliferation of human MSCs could be detected, significant increases in ALP activity as well as in gene expression of other osteogenic markers were observed. The results indicate that transformer-like coupled electrical fields can be used to influence osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs in vitro and can pose a useful tool in understanding the influence of electrical fields on the cellular and molecular level.

Electromagnetic coupling of spins and pseudospins in bilayer graphene

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Winkler, R.; Zülicke, U.

2015-03-01

We present a theoretical study of bilayer-graphene's electronic properties in the presence of electric and magnetic fields. In contrast to known materials, including single-layer graphene, any possible coupling of physical quantities to components of the electric field has a counterpart where the analogous component of the magnetic field couples to exactly the same quantities. For example, a purely electric spin splitting appears as the magneto-electric analogue of the magnetic Zeeman spin splitting. The measurable thermodynamic response induced by magnetic and electric fields is thus completely symmetric. The Pauli magnetization induced by a magnetic field takes exactly the same functional form as the polarization induced by an electric field. Although they seem counterintuitive, our findings are consistent with fundamental principles such as time reversal symmetry. For example, only a magnetic field can give rise to a macroscopic spin polarization, whereas only a perpendicular electric field can induce a macroscopic polarization of the sublattice-related pseudospin in bilayer graphene. These rules enforced by symmetry for the matter-field interactions clarify the nature of spins versus pseudospins. We have obtained numerical values of prefactors for relevant terms. NSF Grant DMR-1310199 and Marsden Fund Contract No. VUW0719.

Pulsed interrupter and method of operation

DOEpatents

Drake, Joel Lawton; Kratz, Robert

2015-06-09

Some embodiments provide interrupter systems comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode; a piston movably located at a first position and electrically coupled with the first and second electrodes establishing a closed state, the piston comprises an electrical conductor that couples with the first and second electrodes providing a conductive path; an electromagnetic launcher configured to, when activated, induce a magnetic field pulse causing the piston to move away from the electrical coupling with the first and second electrodes establishing an open circuit between the first and second electrodes; and a piston control system comprising a piston arresting system configured to control a deceleration of the piston following the movement of the piston induced by the electromagnetic launcher such that the piston is not in electrical contact with at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode when in the open state.

Method and system for a gas tube-based current source high voltage direct current transmission system

DOEpatents

She, Xu; Chokhawala, Rahul Shantilal; Bray, James William; Sommerer, Timothy John; Zhou, Rui; Zhang, Di

2017-08-29

A high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission system includes an alternating current (AC) electrical source and a power converter channel that includes an AC-DC converter electrically coupled to the electrical source and a DC-AC inverter electrically coupled to the AC-DC converter. The AC-DC converter and the DC-AC inverter each include a plurality of legs that includes at least one switching device. The power converter channel further includes a commutating circuit communicatively coupled to one or more switching devices. The commutating circuit is configured to "switch on" one of the switching devices during a first portion of a cycle of the H-bridge switching circuits and "switch off" the switching device during a second portion of the cycle of the first and second H-bridge switching circuits.

Ultrawide electrical tuning of light matter interaction in a high electron mobility transistor structure

PubMed Central

Pal, Shovon; Nong, Hanond; Markmann, Sergej; Kukharchyk, Nadezhda; Valentin, Sascha R.; Scholz, Sven; Ludwig, Arne; Bock, Claudia; Kunze, Ulrich; Wieck, Andreas D.; Jukam, Nathan

2015-01-01

The interaction between intersubband resonances (ISRs) and metamaterial microcavities constitutes a strongly coupled system where new resonances form that depend on the coupling strength. Here we present experimental evidence of strong coupling between the cavity resonance of a terahertz metamaterial and the ISR in a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) structure. The device is electrically switched from an uncoupled to a strongly coupled regime by tuning the ISR with epitaxially grown transparent gate. The asymmetric potential in the HEMT structure enables ultrawide electrical tuning of ISR, which is an order of magnitude higher as compared to an equivalent square well. For a single heterojunction with a triangular confinement, we achieve an avoided splitting of 0.52 THz, which is a significant fraction of the bare intersubband resonance at 2 THz. PMID:26578287

The performance of residential micro-cogeneration coupled with thermal and electrical storage

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kopf, John

Over 80% of residential secondary energy consumption in Canada and Ontario is used for space and water heating. The peak electricity demands resulting from residential energy consumption increase the reliance on fossil-fuel generation stations. Distributed energy resources can help to decrease the reliance on central generation stations. Presently, distributed energy resources such as solar photovoltaic, wind and bio-mass generation are subsidized in Ontario. Micro-cogeneration is an emerging technology that can be implemented as a distributed energy resource within residential or commercial buildings. Micro-cogeneration has the potential to reduce a building's energy consumption by simultaneously generating thermal and electrical power on-site. The coupling of a micro-cogeneration device with electrical storage can improve the system's ability to reduce peak electricity demands. The performance potential of micro-cogeneration devices has yet to be fully realized. This research addresses the performance of a residential micro-cogeneration device and it's ability to meet peak occupant electrical loads when coupled with electrical storage. An integrated building energy model was developed of a residential micro-cogeneration system: the house, the micro-cogeneration device, all balance of plant and space heating components, a thermal storage device, an electrical storage device, as well as the occupant electrical and hot water demands. This model simulated the performance of a micro-cogeneration device coupled to an electrical storage system within a Canadian household. A customized controller was created in ESP-r to examine the impact of various system control strategies. The economic performance of the system was assessed from the perspective of a local energy distribution company and an end-user under hypothetical electricity export purchase price scenarios. It was found that with certain control strategies the micro-cogeneration system was able to improve the economic performance for both the end user and local distribution company.

Low Voltage Electrolytic Capacitor Pulse Forming Inductive Network for Electric Weapons

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-06-01

reliable high- current, high-energy pulses of many megawatts. Pulsed alternators potentially have the same maintenance issues as other motor ...high-energy pulses of many megawatts. Pulsed alternators potentially have the same maintenance issues as other motor -generator sets, so a solid...Rotating Flywheel) Pulse Forming Network Compensated Pulsed Alternators, or Compulsators as they are called, are essentially large motor -generator

Endogenous field feedback promotes the detectability for exogenous electric signal in the hybrid coupled population.

PubMed

Wei, Xile; Zhang, Danhong; Lu, Meili; Wang, Jiang; Yu, Haitao; Che, Yanqiu

2015-01-01

This paper presents the endogenous electric field in chemical or electrical synaptic coupled networks, aiming to study the role of endogenous field feedback in the signal propagation in neural systems. It shows that the feedback of endogenous fields to network activities can reduce the required energy of the noise and enhance the transmission of input signals in hybrid coupled populations. As a common and important nonsynaptic interactive method among neurons, particularly, the endogenous filed feedback can not only promote the detectability of exogenous weak signal in hybrid coupled neural population but also enhance the robustness of the detectability against noise. Furthermore, with the increasing of field coupling strengths, the endogenous field feedback is conductive to the stochastic resonance by facilitating the transition of cluster activities from the no spiking to spiking regions. Distinct from synaptic coupling, the endogenous field feedback can play a role as internal driving force to boost the population activities, which is similar to the noise. Thus, it can help to transmit exogenous weak signals within the network in the absence of noise drive via the stochastic-like resonance.

Kis antitoxin couples plasmid R1 replication and parD (kis,kid) maintenance modules.

PubMed

López-Villarejo, Juan; Diago-Navarro, Elizabeth; Hernández-Arriaga, Ana María; Díaz-Orejas, Ramón

2012-03-01

The coupling between the replication and parD (kis, kid) maintenance modules of R1 has been revisited here by the isolation of a significant collection of conditional replication mutants in the pKN1562 mini-R1 plasmid, and in its derivative, pJLV01, specifically affected in the RNase activity of the Kid toxin. This new analysis aims to identify key factors in this coupling. For this purpose we have quantified and characterized the restriction introduced by parD to isolate conditional replication mutants of this plasmid, a signature of the modular coupling. This restriction depends on the RNase activity of the Kid toxin and it is relieved by either over-expression of the Kis antitoxin or by preventing its degradation by Lon and ClpAP proteases. Based on these data and on the correlation between copy numbers and parD transcriptional levels obtained in the different mutants, it is proposed that a reduction of Kis antitoxin levels in response to inefficient plasmid replication is the key factor for coupling plasmid replication and parD modules. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Bioinspired model of mechanical energy harvesting based on flexoelectric membranes.

PubMed

Rey, Alejandro D; Servio, P; Herrera-Valencia, E E

2013-02-01

Membrane flexoelectricity is an electromechanical coupling process that describes membrane electrical polarization due to bending and membrane bending under electric fields. In this paper we propose, formulate, and characterize a mechanical energy harvesting system consisting of a deformable soft flexoelectric thin membrane subjected to harmonic forcing from contacting bulk fluids. The key elements of the energy harvester are formulated and characterized, including (i) the mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency, (ii) the electromechanical shape equation connecting fluid forces with membrane curvature and electric displacement, and (iii) the electric power generation and efficiency. The energy conversion efficiency is cast as the ratio of flexoelectric coupling to the product of electric and bending elasticity. The device is described by a second-order curvature dynamics coupled to the electric displacement equation and as such results in mechanical power absorption with a resonant peak whose amplitude decreases with bending viscosity. The electric power generation is proportional to the conversion factor and the power efficiency decreases with frequency. Under high bending viscosity, the power efficiency increases with the conversion factor and under low viscosities it decreases with the conversion factor. The theoretical results presented contribute to the ongoing experimental efforts to develop mechanical energy harvesting from fluid flow energy through solid-fluid interactions and electromechanical transduction.

The Coulomb based magneto-electric coupling in multiferroic tunnel junctions and granular multiferroics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Udalov, O. G.; Beloborodov, I. S.

2018-05-01

We study magneto-electric effect in two systems: i) multiferroic tunnel junction (MFTJ) - magnetic tunnel junction with ferroelectric barrier and ii) granular multiferroic (GMF) in which ferromagnetic (FM) metallic grains embedded into ferroelectric matrix. We show that the Coulomb interaction influences the magnetic state of the system in several ways: i) through the spin-dependent part of the Coulomb interaction; ii) due to the Coulomb blockade effect suppressing electron hopping and therefore reducing magnetic coupling; and iii) through image forces and polarization screening that modify the barrier for electrons in MFTJ and GMF. We show that in the absence of spin-orbit or strain-mediated coupling magneto-electric effect appears in GMF and MFTJ. The Coulomb interaction depends on the dielectric properties of the system. For GMF it depends on the dielectric constant of FE matrix and for MFTJ on the dielectric constant of the FE barrier. Applying external electric field one can tune the dielectric constant and the Coulomb interaction. Thus, one can control magnetic state with electric field.

Electrically protected resonant exchange qubits in triple quantum dots.

PubMed

Taylor, J M; Srinivasa, V; Medford, J

2013-08-02

We present a modulated microwave approach for quantum computing with qubits comprising three spins in a triple quantum dot. This approach includes single- and two-qubit gates that are protected against low-frequency electrical noise, due to an operating point with a narrowband response to high frequency electric fields. Furthermore, existing double quantum dot advances, including robust preparation and measurement via spin-to-charge conversion, are immediately applicable to the new qubit. Finally, the electric dipole terms implicit in the high frequency coupling enable strong coupling with superconducting microwave resonators, leading to more robust two-qubit gates.

Method and system for powering and cooling semiconductor lasers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Telford, Steven J; Ladran, Anthony S

A semiconductor laser system includes a diode laser tile. The diode laser tile includes a mounting fixture having a first side and a second side opposing the first side and an array of semiconductor laser pumps coupled to the first side of the mounting fixture. The semiconductor laser system also includes an electrical pulse generator thermally coupled to the diode bar and a cooling member thermally coupled to the diode bar and the electrical pulse generator.

System and method for sub-sea cable termination

DOEpatents

Chen, Qin; Yin, Weijun; Zhang, Lili

2016-04-05

An electrical connector includes a first cable termination chamber configured to receive a first power cable having at least a first conductor sheathed at least in part by a first insulating layer and a first insulation screen layer. Also, the electrical connector includes a first non-linear resistive layer configured to be coupled to a portion of the first conductor unsheathed by at least the first insulation screen layer and configured to control a direct current electric field generated in the first cable termination chamber. In addition, the electrical connector includes a first deflector configured to be coupled to the first power cable and control an alternating current electric field generated in the first cable termination chamber.

Middle Atmosphere Electrodynamics During a Thunderstorm

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Croskey, Charles L.

1996-01-01

Rocket-based instrumentation investigations of middle atmospheric electrodynamics during thunderstorms were conducted in coordination with balloon-measurements at Wallops Island, Virginia. Middle atmosphere electrodynamics and energy coupling are of particular importance to associated electrical processes at lower and higher altitudes. Objectives of this research effort included: (1) investigation of thunderstorm effects on middle atmosphere electrical structure, including spatial and temporal dependence; (2) characterization of electric field transients and the associated energy deposited at various altitudes; (3) evaluation of the vertical Maxwell current density over a thunderstorm to study the coupling of energy to higher altitudes; and (4) investigation of the coupling of energy to the ionosphere and the current supplied to the 'global circuit.'

A quasi-static model of global atmospheric electricity. II - Electrical coupling between the upper and lower atmosphere

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roble, R. G.; Hays, P. B.

1979-01-01

The paper presents a model of global atmospheric electricity used to examine the effect of upper atmospheric generators on the global electrical circuit. The model represents thunderstorms as dipole current generators randomly distributed in areas of known thunderstorm frequency; the electrical conductivity in the model increases with altitude, and electrical effects are coupled with a passive magnetosphere along geomagnetic field lines. The large horizontal-scale potential differences at ionospheric heights map downward into the lower atmosphere where the perturbations in the ground electric field are superimposed on the diurnal variation. Finally, changes in the upper atmospheric conductivity due to solar flares, polar cap absorptions, and Forbush decreases are shown to alter the downward mapping of the high-latitude potential pattern and the global distribution of fields and currents.

78 FR 54876 - Amended Notice of Intent To Modify the Scope of the Environmental Impact Statement and Conduct...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-06

... the operation of the U.S. electric power supply system under normal and contingency conditions), and... construction, operation, maintenance, and connection of the proposed new electric transmission line across the..., The Outback Pub at The Spa Restaurant, 869 Washington Street, Thursday, September 26, 2013, 5-8 p.m...

49 CFR 1152.32 - Calculation of avoidable costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...—CR 40-13-20 Do. Purchased services 41-13-20 Do. Other expenses 61-13-20 Do. Electric power systems.... Shop buildings—freight cars Salaries and wages 11-13-25 Do. Materials 21-13-25 Do. Repairs by others—DR... and maintenance Salaries and wages 11-21-41 Road diesel and road electric locomotive gross ton miles...

49 CFR 1152.32 - Calculation of avoidable costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...—CR 40-13-20 Do. Purchased services 41-13-20 Do. Other expenses 61-13-20 Do. Electric power systems.... Shop buildings—freight cars Salaries and wages 11-13-25 Do. Materials 21-13-25 Do. Repairs by others—DR... and maintenance Salaries and wages 11-21-41 Road diesel and road electric locomotive gross ton miles...

49 CFR 1152.32 - Calculation of avoidable costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...—CR 40-13-20 Do. Purchased services 41-13-20 Do. Other expenses 61-13-20 Do. Electric power systems.... Shop buildings—freight cars Salaries and wages 11-13-25 Do. Materials 21-13-25 Do. Repairs by others—DR... and maintenance Salaries and wages 11-21-41 Road diesel and road electric locomotive gross ton miles...

75 FR 11918 - General Electric Kentucky Glass Plant, Lighting, LLC, Including On-Site Leased Workers From the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-12

... DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Employment and Training Administration [TA-W-72,011] General Electric Kentucky Glass Plant, Lighting, LLC, Including On-Site Leased Workers From the Patty Tipton Company, Aetna Building Maintenance, and Concentra, Lexington, KY; Amended Certification Regarding Eligibility To Apply for Worker Adjustment Assistance In accordanc...

49 CFR 1152.32 - Calculation of avoidable costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...—CR 40-13-20 Do. Purchased services 41-13-20 Do. Other expenses 61-13-20 Do. Electric power systems.... Shop buildings—freight cars Salaries and wages 11-13-25 Do. Materials 21-13-25 Do. Repairs by others—DR... and maintenance Salaries and wages 11-21-41 Road diesel and road electric locomotive gross ton miles...

49 CFR 1152.32 - Calculation of avoidable costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...—CR 40-13-20 Do. Purchased services 41-13-20 Do. Other expenses 61-13-20 Do. Electric power systems.... Shop buildings—freight cars Salaries and wages 11-13-25 Do. Materials 21-13-25 Do. Repairs by others—DR... and maintenance Salaries and wages 11-21-41 Road diesel and road electric locomotive gross ton miles...

Installation package maxi-therm S-101 heating module

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1977-01-01

The installation, operation and maintenance of the Maxi-Therm S-101 Thermosypnon Heating Module is described. The Maxi-Therm S-101 is a packaged unit, complete with air filter, blower, electrical controls, and a thermosyphon liquid to air heat exchanger. It is intended for use in residential solar heating systems and can utilize off-peak electrical power.

Solar Water Heater Installation Package

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1982-01-01

A 48-page report describes water-heating system, installation (covering collector orientation, mounting, plumbing and wiring), operating instructions and maintenance procedures. Commercial solar-powered water heater system consists of a solar collector, solar-heated-water tank, electrically heated water tank and controls. Analysis of possible hazards from pressure, electricity, toxicity, flammability, gas, hot water and steam are also included.

29 CFR 1926.56 - Illumination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... and waste areas, accessways, active storage areas, loading platforms, refueling, and field maintenance..., mechanical and electrical equipment rooms, carpenter shops, rigging lofts and active storerooms, barracks or...

Miniature flowing atmospheric-pressure afterglow ion source for facile interfacing of CE with MS.

PubMed

Jecklin, Matthias C; Schmid, Stefan; Urban, Pawel L; Amantonico, Andrea; Zenobi, Renato

2010-10-01

Here, we present a miniaturized version of the flowing atmospheric-pressure afterglow (miniFAPA) ion source and use it for sheathless coupling of CE with MS. The simple design of the CE-miniFAPA-MS interface makes it easy to separate the electric potentials used for CE and for ionization. A pneumatically assisted nebulization of the CE effluent transfers the analytes from the liquid phase into the gas phase before they are ionized by interacting with reactive species produced by the FAPA. An important advantage of this interface is its high stability during operation: optimization of five different parameters indicated that the interface is not sensitive to minor deviations from the optimum values. Other advantages include ease of construction and maintenance, as well as relatively low cost. Samples with complex matrices, such as yeast extract, soil extract and urine, spiked with the test compounds, were successfully analyzed using the CE-miniFAPA-MS setup.

Domain-domain interactions determine the gating, permeation, pharmacology, and subunit modulation of the IKs ion channel.

PubMed

Zaydman, Mark A; Kasimova, Marina A; McFarland, Kelli; Beller, Zachary; Hou, Panpan; Kinser, Holly E; Liang, Hongwu; Zhang, Guohui; Shi, Jingyi; Tarek, Mounir; Cui, Jianmin

2014-12-23

Voltage-gated ion channels generate electrical currents that control muscle contraction, encode neuronal information, and trigger hormonal release. Tissue-specific expression of accessory (β) subunits causes these channels to generate currents with distinct properties. In the heart, KCNQ1 voltage-gated potassium channels coassemble with KCNE1 β-subunits to generate the IKs current (Barhanin et al., 1996; Sanguinetti et al., 1996), an important current for maintenance of stable heart rhythms. KCNE1 significantly modulates the gating, permeation, and pharmacology of KCNQ1 (Wrobel et al., 2012; Sun et al., 2012; Abbott, 2014). These changes are essential for the physiological role of IKs (Silva and Rudy, 2005); however, after 18 years of study, no coherent mechanism explaining how KCNE1 affects KCNQ1 has emerged. Here we provide evidence of such a mechanism, whereby, KCNE1 alters the state-dependent interactions that functionally couple the voltage-sensing domains (VSDs) to the pore.

Domain–domain interactions determine the gating, permeation, pharmacology, and subunit modulation of the IKs ion channel

PubMed Central

Zaydman, Mark A; Kasimova, Marina A; McFarland, Kelli; Beller, Zachary; Hou, Panpan; Kinser, Holly E; Liang, Hongwu; Zhang, Guohui; Shi, Jingyi; Tarek, Mounir; Cui, Jianmin

2014-01-01

Voltage-gated ion channels generate electrical currents that control muscle contraction, encode neuronal information, and trigger hormonal release. Tissue-specific expression of accessory (β) subunits causes these channels to generate currents with distinct properties. In the heart, KCNQ1 voltage-gated potassium channels coassemble with KCNE1 β-subunits to generate the IKs current (Barhanin et al., 1996; Sanguinetti et al., 1996), an important current for maintenance of stable heart rhythms. KCNE1 significantly modulates the gating, permeation, and pharmacology of KCNQ1 (Wrobel et al., 2012; Sun et al., 2012; Abbott, 2014). These changes are essential for the physiological role of IKs (Silva and Rudy, 2005); however, after 18 years of study, no coherent mechanism explaining how KCNE1 affects KCNQ1 has emerged. Here we provide evidence of such a mechanism, whereby, KCNE1 alters the state-dependent interactions that functionally couple the voltage-sensing domains (VSDs) to the pore. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03606.001 PMID:25535795

Noise-sustained synchronization between electrically coupled FitzHugh-Nagumo networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cascallares, Guadalupe; Sánchez, Alejandro D.; dell'Erba, Matías G.; Izús, Gonzalo G.

2015-09-01

We investigate the capability of electrical synapses to transmit the noise-sustained network activity from one network to another. The particular setup we consider is two identical rings with excitable FitzHugh-Nagumo cell dynamics and nearest-neighbor antiphase intra-ring coupling, electrically coupled between corresponding nodes. The whole system is submitted to independent local additive Gaussian white noises with common intensity η, but only one ring is externally forced by a global adiabatic subthreshold harmonic signal. We then seek conditions for a particular noise level to promote synchronized stable firing patterns. By running numerical integrations with increasing η, we observe the excitation activity to become spatiotemporally self-organized, until η is so strong that spoils sync between networks for a given value of the electric coupling strength. By means of a four-cell model and calculating the stationary probability distribution, we obtain a (signal-dependent) non-equilibrium potential landscape which explains qualitatively the observed regimes, and whose barrier heights give a good estimate of the optimal noise intensity for the sync between networks.

14 CFR 147.36 - Maintenance of instructor requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... holding appropriate mechanic certificates and ratings that the Administrator determines necessary to... certificated mechanics to teach mathematics, physics, drawing, basic electricity, basic hydraulics, and similar...

14 CFR 147.36 - Maintenance of instructor requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... holding appropriate mechanic certificates and ratings that the Administrator determines necessary to... certificated mechanics to teach mathematics, physics, drawing, basic electricity, basic hydraulics, and similar...

14 CFR 147.36 - Maintenance of instructor requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... holding appropriate mechanic certificates and ratings that the Administrator determines necessary to... certificated mechanics to teach mathematics, physics, drawing, basic electricity, basic hydraulics, and similar...

14 CFR 147.36 - Maintenance of instructor requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... holding appropriate mechanic certificates and ratings that the Administrator determines necessary to... certificated mechanics to teach mathematics, physics, drawing, basic electricity, basic hydraulics, and similar...

14 CFR 147.36 - Maintenance of instructor requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... holding appropriate mechanic certificates and ratings that the Administrator determines necessary to... certificated mechanics to teach mathematics, physics, drawing, basic electricity, basic hydraulics, and similar...

Plant maintenance and plant life extension issue, 2006

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Agnihotri, Newal

The focus of the March-April issue is on plant maintenance and plant life extension. Major articles/reports in this issue include: Spent fuel: myths and facts, by Jeffrey S. Merrifield, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission; Critical pipe replacement procedure, by Geoff Gilmore, Climax Portable Machine Tools Inc.; Improving maintenance performance, by Larry Meyer and Joe Giuffre, DC Cook Nuclear Plant, American Electric Power; Equipment deficiency intolerance index, by Douglas F. Helms, Tennessee Valley Authority; Plant profile: I and C modernization at Dukovany, by Josef Rosol, CEZ Dukovany NPP, Czech Republic; and, Report: new plant activities.

Solid state transport-based thermoelectric converter

DOEpatents

Hu, Zhiyu

2010-04-13

A solid state thermoelectric converter includes a thermally insulating separator layer, a semiconducting collector and an electron emitter. The electron emitter comprises a metal nanoparticle layer or plurality of metal nanocatalyst particles disposed on one side of said separator layer. A first electrically conductive lead is electrically coupled to the electron emitter. The collector layer is disposed on the other side of the separator layer, wherein the thickness of the separator layer is less than 1 .mu.m. A second conductive lead is electrically coupled to the collector layer.

Regenerative flywheel energy storage system. Volume 3: Life cycle and cost-benefit analysis of a battery-flywheel electric car

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1980-06-01

Fabrication of the inductor motor, the flywheel, the power conditioner, and the system control is described. Test results of the system operating over the SAE j227a Schedule D driving cycle are given and are compared to the calculated value. The flywheel energy storage system consists of a solid rotor, synchronous, inductor-type, flywheel drive machine electrically coupled to a dc battery electric propulsion system through a load-commutated inverter. The motor/alernator unit is coupled mechanically to a small steel flywheel which provides a portion of the vehicle's accelerating energy and regenerates the vehicle's braking energy. Laboratory simulation of the electric vehicle propulsion system included a 108 volt, lead-acid battery bank and a separately excited dc propulsion motor coupled to a flywheel and generator which simulate the vehicle's inertia and losses.

Shunt regulation electric power system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wright, W. H.; Bless, J. J. (Inventor)

1971-01-01

A regulated electric power system having load and return bus lines is described. A plurality of solar cells interconnected in a power supplying relationship and having a power shunt tap point electrically spaced from the bus lines is provided. A power dissipator is connected to the shunt tap point and provides for a controllable dissipation of excess energy supplied by the solar cells. A dissipation driver is coupled to the power dissipator and controls its conductance and dissipation and is also connected to the solar cells in a power taping relationship to derive operating power therefrom. An error signal generator is coupled to the load bus and to a reference signal generator to provide an error output signal which is representative of the difference between the electric parameters existing at the load bus and the reference signal generator. An error amplifier is coupled to the error signal generator and the dissipation driver to provide the driver with controlling signals.

Fano-like resonance emerging from magnetic and electric plasmon mode coupling in small arrays of gold particles

DOE PAGES

Bakhti, Saïd; Tishchenko, Alexandre V.; Zambrana-Puyalto, Xavier; ...

2016-09-01

In this work we theoretically and experimentally analyze the resonant behavior of individual 3 × 3 gold particle oligomers illuminated under normal and oblique incidence. While this structure hosts both dipolar and quadrupolar electric and magnetic delocalized modes, only dipolar electric and quadrupolar magnetic modes remain at normal incidence. These modes couple into a strongly asymmetric spectral response typical of a Fano-like resonance. In the basis of the coupled mode theory, an analytical representation of the optical extinction in terms of singular functions is used to identify the hybrid modes emerging from the electric and magnetic mode coupling and tomore » interpret the asymmetric line profiles. Especially, we demonstrate that the characteristic Fano line shape results from the spectral interference of a broad hybrid mode with a sharp one. This structure presents a special feature in which the electric field intensity is confined on different lines of the oligomer depending on the illumination wavelength relative to the Fano dip. This Fano-type resonance is experimentally observed performing extinction cross section measurements on arrays of gold nano-disks. The vanishing of the Fano dip when increasing the incidence angle is also experimentally observed in accordance with numerical simulations.« less

Method for providing slip energy control in permanent magnet electrical machines

DOEpatents

Hsu, John S.

2006-11-14

An electric machine (40) has a stator (43), a permanent magnet rotor (38) with permanent magnets (39) and a magnetic coupling uncluttered rotor (46) for inducing a slip energy current in secondary coils (47). A dc flux can be produced in the uncluttered rotor when the secondary coils are fed with dc currents. The magnetic coupling uncluttered rotor (46) has magnetic brushes (A, B, C, D) which couple flux in through the rotor (46) to the secondary coils (47c, 47d) without inducing a current in the rotor (46) and without coupling a stator rotational energy component to the secondary coils (47c, 47d). The machine can be operated as a motor or a generator in multi-phase or single-phase embodiments and is applicable to the hybrid electric vehicle. A method of providing a slip energy controller is also disclosed.

Modulational Instability in a Pair of Non-identical Coupled Nonlinear Electrical Transmission Lines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eric, Tala-Tebue; Aurelien, Kenfack-Jiotsa; Marius Hervé, Tatchou-Ntemfack; Timoléon Crépin, Kofané

2013-07-01

In this work, we investigate the dynamics of modulated waves non-identical coupled nonlinear transmission lines. Traditional methods for avoiding mode mixing in identical coupled nonlinear electrical lines consist of adding the same number of linear inductors in each branch. Adding linear inductors in a single line leads to asymmetric coupled nonlinear electrical transmission lines which propagate the signal and the mode mixing. On one hand, the difference between the two lines induced the fission for only one mode of propagation. This fission is influenced by the amplitude of the signal and the amount of the input energy as well; it also narrows the width of the input pulse soliton, leading to a possible increasing of the bit rate. On the other hand, the dissymmetry of the two lines converts the network into a good amplifier for the ω_ mode which corresponds to the regime admitting low frequencies.

Broadband EIT borehole measurements with high phase accuracy using numerical corrections of electromagnetic coupling effects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Y.; Zimmermann, E.; Huisman, J. A.; Treichel, A.; Wolters, B.; van Waasen, S.; Kemna, A.

2013-08-01

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is gaining importance in the field of geophysics and there is increasing interest for accurate borehole EIT measurements in a broad frequency range (mHz to kHz) in order to study subsurface properties. To characterize weakly polarizable soils and sediments with EIT, high phase accuracy is required. Typically, long electrode cables are used for borehole measurements. However, this may lead to undesired electromagnetic coupling effects associated with the inductive coupling between the double wire pairs for current injection and potential measurement and the capacitive coupling between the electrically conductive shield of the cable and the electrically conductive environment surrounding the electrode cables. Depending on the electrical properties of the subsurface and the measured transfer impedances, both coupling effects can cause large phase errors that have typically limited the frequency bandwidth of field EIT measurements to the mHz to Hz range. The aim of this paper is to develop numerical corrections for these phase errors. To this end, the inductive coupling effect was modeled using electronic circuit models, and the capacitive coupling effect was modeled by integrating discrete capacitances in the electrical forward model describing the EIT measurement process. The correction methods were successfully verified with measurements under controlled conditions in a water-filled rain barrel, where a high phase accuracy of 0.8 mrad in the frequency range up to 10 kHz was achieved. The corrections were also applied to field EIT measurements made using a 25 m long EIT borehole chain with eight electrodes and an electrode separation of 1 m. The results of a 1D inversion of these measurements showed that the correction methods increased the measurement accuracy considerably. It was concluded that the proposed correction methods enlarge the bandwidth of the field EIT measurement system, and that accurate EIT measurements can now be made in the mHz to kHz frequency range. This increased accuracy in the kHz range will allow a more accurate field characterization of the complex electrical conductivity of soils and sediments, which may lead to the improved estimation of saturated hydraulic conductivity from electrical properties. Although the correction methods have been developed for a custom-made EIT system, they also have potential to improve the phase accuracy of EIT measurements made with commercial systems relying on multicore cables.

Magnetic-mechanical-electrical-optical coupling effects in GaN-based LED/rare-earth terfenol-D structures.

PubMed

Peng, Mingzeng; Zhang, Yan; Liu, Yudong; Song, Ming; Zhai, Junyi; Wang, Zhong Lin

2014-10-22

A multi-field coupling structure is designed and investigated, which combines GaN-based optoelectronic devices and Terfenol-D. The abundant coupling effects and multifunctionalities among magnetics, mechanics, electrics, and optics are investigated by a combination of non-magnetic GaN-based piezoelectronic optoelectronic characteristics and the giant magnetomechanical properties of Terfenol-D. A few potential new areas of studies are proposed. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Connexin36 Expression in Primary Afferent Neurons in Relation to the Axon Reflex and Modality Coding of Somatic Sensation.

PubMed

Nagy, J I; Lynn, B D; Senecal, J M M; Stecina, K

2018-05-07

Electrical coupling mediated by connexin36-containing gap junctions that form electrical synapses is known to be prevalent in the central nervous system, but such coupling was long ago reported also to occur between cutaneous sensory fibers. Here, we provide evidence supporting the capability of primary afferent fibers to engage in electrical coupling. In transgenic mice with enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) serving as a reporter for connexin36 expression, immunofluorescence labeling of eGFP was found in subpopulations of neurons in lumbar dorsal root and trigeminal sensory ganglia, and in fibers within peripheral nerves and tissues. Immunolabeling of connexin36 was robust in the sciatic nerve, weaker in sensory ganglia than in peripheral nerve, and absent in these tissues from Cx36 null mice. Connexin36 mRNA was detected in ganglia from wild-type mice, but not in those from Cx36 null mice. Labeling of eGFP was localized within a subpopulation of ganglion cells containing substance P and calcitonin gene-releasing peptide, and in peripheral fibers containing these peptides. Expression of eGFP was also found in various proportions of sensory ganglion neurons containing transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, including TRPV1 and TRPM8. Ganglion cells labeled for isolectin B4 and tyrosine hydroxylase displayed very little co-localization with eGFP. Our results suggest that previously observed electrical coupling between peripheral sensory fibers occurs via electrical synapses formed by Cx36-containing gap junctions, and that some degree of selectivity in the extent of electrical coupling may occur between fibers belonging to subpopulations of sensory neurons identified according to their sensory modality responsiveness. Copyright © 2018 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Electrotonic coupling of excitable and nonexcitable cells in the heart revealed by optogenetics

PubMed Central

Quinn, T. Alexander; Camelliti, Patrizia; Rog-Zielinska, Eva A.; Siedlecka, Urszula; Poggioli, Tommaso; O'Toole, Eileen T.; Knöpfel, Thomas; Kohl, Peter

2016-01-01

Electrophysiological studies of excitable organs usually focus on action potential (AP)-generating cells, whereas nonexcitable cells are generally considered as barriers to electrical conduction. Whether nonexcitable cells may modulate excitable cell function or even contribute to AP conduction via direct electrotonic coupling to AP-generating cells is unresolved in the heart: such coupling is present in vitro, but conclusive evidence in situ is lacking. We used genetically encoded voltage-sensitive fluorescent protein 2.3 (VSFP2.3) to monitor transmembrane potential in either myocytes or nonmyocytes of murine hearts. We confirm that VSFP2.3 allows measurement of cell type-specific electrical activity. We show that VSFP2.3, expressed solely in nonmyocytes, can report cardiomyocyte AP-like signals at the border of healed cryoinjuries. Using EM-based tomographic reconstruction, we further discovered tunneling nanotube connections between myocytes and nonmyocytes in cardiac scar border tissue. Our results provide direct electrophysiological evidence of heterocellular electrotonic coupling in native myocardium and identify tunneling nanotubes as a possible substrate for electrical cell coupling that may be in addition to previously discovered connexins at sites of myocyte–nonmyocyte contact in the heart. These findings call for reevaluation of cardiac nonmyocyte roles in electrical connectivity of the heterocellular heart. PMID:27930302

Ca2+-induced uncoupling of Aplysia bag cell neurons.

PubMed

Dargaei, Zahra; Standage, Dominic; Groten, Christopher J; Blohm, Gunnar; Magoski, Neil S

2015-02-01

Electrical transmission is a dynamically regulated form of communication and key to synchronizing neuronal activity. The bag cell neurons of Aplysia are a group of electrically coupled neuroendocrine cells that initiate ovulation by secreting egg-laying hormone during a prolonged period of synchronous firing called the afterdischarge. Accompanying the afterdischarge is an increase in intracellular Ca2+ and the activation of protein kinase C (PKC). We used whole cell recording from paired cultured bag cell neurons to demonstrate that electrical coupling is regulated by both Ca2+ and PKC. Elevating Ca2+ with a train of voltage steps, mimicking the onset of the afterdischarge, decreased junctional current for up to 30 min. Inhibition was most effective when Ca2+ entry occurred in both neurons. Depletion of Ca2+ from the mitochondria, but not the endoplasmic reticulum, also attenuated the electrical synapse. Buffering Ca2+ with high intracellular EGTA or inhibiting calmodulin kinase prevented uncoupling. Furthermore, activating PKC produced a small but clear decrease in junctional current, while triggering both Ca2+ influx and PKC inhibited the electrical synapse to a greater extent than Ca2+ alone. Finally, the amplitude and time course of the postsynaptic electrotonic response were attenuated after Ca2+ influx. A mathematical model of electrically connected neurons showed that excessive coupling reduced recruitment of the cells to fire, whereas less coupling led to spiking of essentially all neurons. Thus a decrease in electrical synapses could promote the afterdischarge by ensuring prompt recovery of electrotonic potentials or making the neurons more responsive to current spreading through the network. Copyright © 2015 the American Physiological Society.

Other Remedy Options Evaluated

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA considered several remedy options for reducing emissions from electric generating units (EGUs) that contribute significantly to nonattainment or interfere with maintenance of the air quality standards by downwind states.

7 CFR 1730.60 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... ELECTRIC SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Interconnection of Distributed Resources § 1730.60 General. Each... maintaining a written standard policy relating to the Interconnection of Distributed Resources (IDR) having an...

SSME Electrical Harness and Cable Development and Evolution

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Abrams, Russ; Heflin, Johnny; Burns, Bob; Camper, Scott J.; Hill, Arthur J.

2010-01-01

The Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) electrical harness and cable system consists of the various interconnecting devices necessary for operation of complex rocket engine functions. Thirty seven harnesses incorporate unique connectors, backshell adapters, conductors, insulation, shielding, and physical barriers for a long maintenance-free life while providing the means to satisfy performance requirements and to mitigate adverse environmental influences. The objective of this paper is to provide a description of the SSME electrical harness and cable designs as well as the development history and lessons learned.

Phase 111A Crew Interface Specifications Development for Inflight Maintenance and Stowage Functions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Carl, John G.

1973-01-01

This report presents the findings and data products developed during the Phase IIIA Crew Interface Specification Study for Inflight Maintenance and Stowage Functions, performed by General Electric for the NASA, Johnson Space Center with a set of documentation that can be used as definitive guidelines to improve the present process of defining, controlling and managing flight crew interface requirements that are related to inflight maintenance (including assembly and servicing) and stowage functions. During the Phase IIIA contract period, the following data products were developed: 1) Projected NASA Crew Procedures/Flight Data File Development Process. 2) Inflight Maintenance Management Process Description. 3) Preliminary Draft, General Specification, Inflight Maintenance Management Requirements. 4) Inflight Maintenance Operational Process Description. 5) Preliminary Draft, General Specification, Inflight Maintenance Task and Support Requirements Analysis. 6) Suggested IFM Data Processing Reports for Logistics Management The above Inflight Maintenance data products have been developed during the Phase IIIA study after review of Space Shuttle Program Documentation, including the Level II Integrated Logistics Requirements and other DOD and NASA data relative to Payloads Accommodations and Satellite On-Orbit Servicing. These Inflight Maintenance data products were developed to be in consonance with Space Shuttle Program technical and management requirements.

Wireless Open-Circuit In-Plane Strain and Displacement Sensor Requiring No Electrical Connections

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Woodard, Stanley E. (Inventor)

2014-01-01

A wireless in-plane strain and displacement sensor includes an electrical conductor fixedly coupled to a substrate subject to strain conditions. The electrical conductor is shaped between its ends for storage of an electric field and a magnetic field, and remains electrically unconnected to define an unconnected open-circuit having inductance and capacitance. In the presence of a time-varying magnetic field, the electrical conductor so-shaped resonates to generate harmonic electric and magnetic field responses. The sensor also includes at least one electrically unconnected electrode having an end and a free portion extending from the end thereof. The end of each electrode is fixedly coupled to the substrate and the free portion thereof remains unencumbered and spaced apart from a portion of the electrical conductor so-shaped. More specifically, at least some of the free portion is disposed at a location lying within the magnetic field response generated by the electrical conductor. A motion guidance structure is slidingly engaged with each electrode's free portion in order to maintain each free portion parallel to the electrical conductor so-shaped.

Non-permeable substrate carrier for electroplating

DOEpatents

Abas, Emmanuel Chua; Chen, Chen-An; Ma, Diana Xiaobing; Ganti, Kalyana Bhargava

2012-11-27

One embodiment relates to a substrate carrier for use in electroplating a plurality of substrates. The substrate carrier comprises a non-conductive carrier body on which the substrates are to be held. Electrically-conductive lines are embedded within the carrier body, and a plurality of contact clips are coupled to the electrically-conductive lines embedded within the carrier body. The contact clips hold the substrates in place and electrically couple the substrates to the electrically-conductive lines. The non-conductive carrier body is continuous so as to be impermeable to flow of electroplating solution through the non-conductive carrier body. Other embodiments, aspects and features are also disclosed.

Microscopic origin of electric-field-induced modulation of Curie temperature in cobalt

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ando, Fuyuki; Yamada, Kihiro T.; Koyama, Tomohiro; Ishibashi, Mio; Shiota, Yoichi; Moriyama, Takahiro; Chiba, Daichi; Ono, Teruo

2018-07-01

The Curie temperature T C is one of the most fundamental physical properties of ferromagnetic materials and can be described by the Weiss molecular field theory with the exchange interaction of neighboring atoms. Here, we demonstrate the electrical control of exchange coupling in cobalt films through direct magnetization measurements. We find that the reduction in magnetization with temperature, which is caused by thermal spin wave excitation and scales with Bloch’s law, clearly depends on the applied electric field. Furthermore, we confirm that the correlation between the electric-field-induced modulation of T C and that of exchange coupling follows the Weiss molecular field theory.

Non-permeable substrate carrier for electroplating

DOEpatents

Abas, Emmanuel Chua; Chen, Chen-an; Ma, Diana Xiaobing; Ganti, Kalyana; Divino, Edmundo Anida; Ermita, Jake Randal G.; Capulong, Jose Francisco S.; Castillo, Arnold Villamor

2015-12-29

One embodiment relates to a substrate carrier for use in electroplating a plurality of substrates. The substrate carrier comprises a non-conductive carrier body on which the substrates are to be held. Electrically-conductive lines are embedded within the carrier body, and a plurality of contact clips are coupled to the electrically-conductive lines embedded within the carrier body. The contact clips hold the substrates in place and electrically couple the substrates to the electrically-conductive lines. The non-conductive carrier body is continuous so as to be impermeable to flow of electroplating solution through the non-conductive carrier body. Other embodiments, aspects and features are also disclosed.

Electric-Field Sensing with a Scanning Fiber-Coupled Quantum Dot

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cadeddu, D.; Munsch, M.; Rossi, N.; Gérard, J.-M.; Claudon, J.; Warburton, R. J.; Poggio, M.

2017-09-01

We demonstrate the application of a fiber-coupled quantum dot (QD) in a tip as a scanning probe for electric-field imaging. We map the out-of-plane component of the electric field induced by a pair of electrodes by the measurement of the quantum-confined Stark effect induced on a QD spectral line. Our results are in agreement with finite-element simulations of the experiment. Furthermore, we present results from analytic calculations and simulations which are relevant to any electric-field sensor embedded in a dielectric tip. In particular, we highlight the impact of the tip geometry on both the resolution and sensitivity.

PLASMA DEVICE

DOEpatents

Baker, W.R.

1961-08-22

A device is described for establishing and maintaining a high-energy, rotational plasma for use as a fast discharge capacitor. A disc-shaped, current- conducting plasma is formed in an axinl magnetic field and a crossed electric field, thereby creating rotational kinetic enengy in the plasma. Such energy stored in the rotation of the plasma disc is substantial and is convertible tc electrical energy by generator action in an output line electrically coupled to the plasma volume. Means are then provided for discharging the electrical energy into an external circuit coupled to the output line to produce a very large pulse having an extremely rapid rise time in the waveform thereof. (AE C)

Resonance energy transfer: when a dipole fails.

PubMed

Andrews, David L; Leeder, Jamie M

2009-05-14

The Coulombic coupling of electric dipole (E1) transition moments is the most commonly studied and widely operative mechanism for energy migration in multichromophore systems. However a significant number of exceptions exist, in which donor decay and/or acceptor excitation processes are E1-forbidden. The alternative transfer mechanisms that can apply in such cases include roles for higher multipole transitions, exciton- or phonon-assisted interactions, and non-Coulombic interactions based on electron exchange. A quantum electrodynamical formulation provides a rigorous basis to assess the first of these, specifically addressing the relative significance of higher multipole contributions to the process of energy transfer in donor-acceptor systems where electric dipole transitions are precluded by symmetry. Working within the near-zone limit, where donor-acceptor separations are small in comparison to the chromophore scale, the analysis highlights the contributions of both electric quadrupole-electric quadrupole (E2-E2) coupling and the seldom considered second-order electric dipole-electric dipole (E1(2)-E1(2)) coupling. For both forms of interaction, experimentally meaningful rate equations are secured by the use of orientational averaging, and the mechanisms are analyzed with reference to systems in which E1-forbidden transitions are commonly reported.

Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicle Technologies

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-06-30

participants; car sharing logistics; liability issues; billing and col- lecting user fees; service and maintenance support; data acquisition; and...driven on the freeway, and their circumstances had changed. Among the challenges facing station-car and car - sharing programs that use EVs rather than...funding; selection and training of users; many different types of participants; car sharing logistics; liability issues; billing and collecting user

Coolidge solar powered irrigation pumping project

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Larson, D. L.

1980-01-01

A 150 kW solar thermal electric power plant which includes over 2100 square meters of parabolic trough type collectors and an organic Rankine cycle turbine engine was constructed on an irrigated farm. The plant is interconnected with the electrical utility grid. Operation is providing an evaluation of equipment performance and operating and maintenance requirements as well as the desirability of an on farm location.

Stochastic resonance enhancement of small-world neural networks by hybrid synapses and time delay

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Haitao; Guo, Xinmeng; Wang, Jiang

2017-01-01

The synergistic effect of hybrid electrical-chemical synapses and information transmission delay on the stochastic response behavior in small-world neuronal networks is investigated. Numerical results show that, the stochastic response behavior can be regulated by moderate noise intensity to track the rhythm of subthreshold pacemaker, indicating the occurrence of stochastic resonance (SR) in the considered neural system. Inheriting the characteristics of two types of synapses-electrical and chemical ones, neural networks with hybrid electrical-chemical synapses are of great improvement in neuron communication. Particularly, chemical synapses are conducive to increase the network detectability by lowering the resonance noise intensity, while the information is better transmitted through the networks via electrical coupling. Moreover, time delay is able to enhance or destroy the periodic stochastic response behavior intermittently. In the time-delayed small-world neuronal networks, the introduction of electrical synapses can significantly improve the signal detection capability by widening the range of optimal noise intensity for the subthreshold signal, and the efficiency of SR is largely amplified in the case of pure chemical couplings. In addition, the stochastic response behavior is also profoundly influenced by the network topology. Increasing the rewiring probability in pure chemically coupled networks can always enhance the effect of SR, which is slightly influenced by information transmission delay. On the other hand, the capacity of information communication is robust to the network topology within the time-delayed neuronal systems including electrical couplings.

Systematic analysis of ECG predictors of sinus rhythm maintenance after electrical cardioversion for persistent atrial fibrillation.

PubMed

Lankveld, Theo; de Vos, Cees B; Limantoro, Ione; Zeemering, Stef; Dudink, Elton; Crijns, Harry J; Schotten, Ulrich

2016-05-01

Electrical cardioversion (ECV) is one of the rhythm control strategies in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). Unfortunately, recurrences of AF are common after ECV, which significantly limits the practical benefit of this treatment in patients with AF. The objectives of this study were to identify noninvasive complexity or frequency parameters obtained from the surface electrocardiogram (ECG) to predict sinus rhythm (SR) maintenance after ECV and to compare these ECG parameters with clinical predictors. We studied a wide variety of ECG-derived time- and frequency-domain AF complexity parameters in a prospective cohort of 502 patients with persistent AF referred for ECV. During 1-year follow-up, 161 patients (32%) maintained SR. The best clinical predictor of SR maintenance was antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) treatment. A model including clinical parameters predicted SR maintenance with a mean cross-validated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.62 ± 0.05. The best single ECG parameter was the dominant frequency (DF) on lead V6. Combining several ECG parameters predicted SR maintenance with a mean AUC of 0.64 ± 0.06. Combining clinical and ECG parameters improved prediction to a mean AUC of 0.67 ± 0.05. Although the DF was affected by AAD treatment, excluding patients taking AADs did not significantly lower the predictive performance captured by the ECG. ECG-derived parameters predict SR maintenance during 1-year follow-up after ECV at least as good as known clinical predictors of rhythm outcome. The DF proved to be the most powerful ECG-derived predictor. Copyright © 2016 Heart Rhythm Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A multi-scale and multi-field coupling nonlinear constitutive theory for the layered magnetoelectric composites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Hao; Pei, Yongmao; Li, Faxin; Fang, Daining

2018-05-01

The magnetic, electric and mechanical behaviors are strongly coupled in magnetoelectric (ME) materials, making them great promising in the application of functional devices. In this paper, the magneto-electro-mechanical fully coupled constitutive behaviors of ME laminates are systematically studied both theoretically and experimentally. A new probabilistic domain switching function considering the surface ferromagnetic anisotropy and the interface charge-mediated effect is proposed. Then a multi-scale multi-field coupling nonlinear constitutive model for layered ME composites is developed with physical measureable parameters. The experiments were performed to compare the theoretical predictions with the experimental data. The theoretical predictions have a good agreement with experimental results. The proposed constitutive relation can be used to describe the nonlinear multi-field coupling properties of both ME laminates and thin films. Several novel coupling experimental phenomena such as the electric-field control of magnetization, and the magnetic-field tuning of polarization are observed and analyzed. Furthermore, the size-effect of the electric tuning behavior of magnetization is predicted, which demonstrates a competition mechanism between the interface strain-mediated effect and the charge-driven effect. Our study offers deep insight into the coupling microscopic mechanism and macroscopic properties of ME layered composites, which is benefit for the design of electromagnetic functional devices.

Electronic Maxwell demon in the coherent strong-coupling regime

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schaller, Gernot; Cerrillo, Javier; Engelhardt, Georg; Strasberg, Philipp

2018-05-01

We consider an external feedback control loop implementing the action of a Maxwell demon. Applying control actions that are conditioned on measurement outcomes, the demon may transport electrons against a bias voltage and thereby effectively converts information into electric power. While the underlying model—a feedback-controlled quantum dot that is coupled to two electronic leads—is well explored in the limit of small tunnel couplings, we can address the strong-coupling regime with a fermionic reaction-coordinate mapping. This exact mapping transforms the setup into a serial triple quantum dot coupled to two leads. We find that a continuous projective measurement of the central dot occupation would lead to a complete suppression of electronic transport due to the quantum Zeno effect. In contrast, by using a microscopic detector model we can implement a weak measurement, which allows for closure of the control loop without transport blockade. Then, in the weak-coupling regime, the energy flows associated with the feedback loop are negligible, and dominantly the information gained in the measurement induces a bound for the generated electric power. In the strong coupling limit, the protocol may require more energy for operating the control loop than electric power produced, such that the whole device is no longer information dominated and can thus not be interpreted as a Maxwell demon.

Inversion of ferrimagnetic magnetization by ferroelectric switching via a novel magnetoelectric coupling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Weng, Yakui; Lin, Lingfang; Dagotto, Elbio

2016-07-12

Although several multiferroic materials or heterostructures have been extensively studied, finding strong magnetoelectric couplings for the electric field control of the magnetization remains challenging. Here, a novel interfacial magnetoelectric coupling based on three components (ferroelectric dipole, magnetic moment, and antiferromagnetic order) is analytically formulated. As an extension of carrier-mediated magnetoelectricity, the new coupling is shown to induce an electric-magnetic hysteresis loop. In addition, realizations employing BiFeO 3 bilayers grown along the [111] axis are proposed. Without involving magnetic phase transitions, the magnetization orientation can be switched by the carrier modulation driven by the field effect, as confirmed using first-principles calculations.

High dynamic range charge measurements

DOEpatents

De Geronimo, Gianluigi

2012-09-04

A charge amplifier for use in radiation sensing includes an amplifier, at least one switch, and at least one capacitor. The switch selectively couples the input of the switch to one of at least two voltages. The capacitor is electrically coupled in series between the input of the amplifier and the input of the switch. The capacitor is electrically coupled to the input of the amplifier without a switch coupled therebetween. A method of measuring charge in radiation sensing includes selectively diverting charge from an input of an amplifier to an input of at least one capacitor by selectively coupling an output of the at least one capacitor to one of at least two voltages. The input of the at least one capacitor is operatively coupled to the input of the amplifier without a switch coupled therebetween. The method also includes calculating a total charge based on a sum of the amplified charge and the diverted charge.

Reply to “Comment on ‘Axion induced oscillating electric dipole moments’”

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hill, Christopher T.

A recent paper of Flambaum, Roberts and Stadnik, [1], claims there is no induced oscillating electric dipole moment (OEDM), eg, for the electron, arising from the oscillating cosmic axion background via the anomaly. This claim is based upon the assumption that electric dipoles always be defined by their coupling to static (constant in time) electric fields. The relevant Feynman diagram, as computed by [1], then becomes a total divergence, and vanishes in momentum space. However, an OEDM does arise from the anomaly, coupled to time dependent electric fields. It shares the decoupling properties with the anomaly. The full action, inmore » an arbitrary gauge, was computed in [2], [3]. It is nonvanishing with a time dependent outgoing photon, and yields physics, eg, electric dipole radiation of an electron immersed in a cosmic axion field.« less

Breastfeeding Initiation and Maintenance Among African Americans and Blacks Enrolled in a Nurse Home Visitation Program: An Outcomes Focused Program Evaluation

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-11

coupled relationship (i.e., married or unmarried couple) breastfeeding were nearly 3.8 times as likely as women who were not in a coupled relationship...support, negative life events, being unmarried , and certain maternal hospital experiences, which may lead to formula supplementation. Moreover, these...live births, without chronic illnesses that might adversely affect the fetus, and with at least two socioeconomic risk factors (e.g., unmarried

Impurity-assisted electric control of spin-valley qubits in monolayer MoS2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Széchenyi, G.; Chirolli, L.; Pályi, A.

2018-07-01

We theoretically study a single-electron spin-valley qubit in an electrostatically defined quantum dot in a transition metal dichalcogenide monolayer, focusing on the example of MoS2. Coupling of the qubit basis states for coherent control is challenging, as it requires a simultaneous flip of spin and valley. Here, we show that a tilted magnetic field together with a short-range impurity, such as a vacancy, a substitutional defect, or an adatom, can give rise to a coupling between the qubit basis states. This mechanism renders the in-plane g-factor nonzero, and allows to control the qubit with an in-plane ac electric field, akin to electrically driven spin resonance. We evaluate the dependence of the in-plane g-factor and the electrically induced qubit Rabi frequency on the type and position of the impurity. We reveal highly unconventional features of the coupling mechanism, arising from symmetry-forbidden intervalley scattering, in the case when the impurity is located at a S site. Our results provide design guidelines for electrically controllable qubits in two-dimensional semiconductors.

A system-level mathematical model for evaluation of power train performance of load-leveled electric-vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Purohit, G. P.; Leising, C. J.

1984-01-01

The power train performance of load leveled electric vehicles can be compared with that of nonload leveled systems by use of a simple mathematical model. This method of measurement involves a number of parameters including the degree of load leveling and regeneration, the flywheel mechanical to electrical energy fraction, and efficiencies of the motor, generator, flywheel, and transmission. Basic efficiency terms are defined and representative comparisons of a variety of systems are presented. Results of the study indicate that mechanical transfer of energy into and out of the flywheel is more advantageous than electrical transfer. An optimum degree of load leveling may be achieved in terms of the driving cycle, battery characteristics, mode of mechanization, and the efficiency of the components. For state of the art mechanically coupled flyheel systems, load leveling losses can be held to a reasonable 10%; electrically coupled systems can have losses that are up to six times larger. Propulsion system efficiencies for mechanically coupled flywheel systems are predicted to be approximately the 60% achieved on conventional nonload leveled systems.

Wind farm electrical system

DOEpatents

Erdman, William L.; Lettenmaier, Terry M.

2006-07-04

An approach to wind farm design using variable speed wind turbines with low pulse number electrical output. The output of multiple wind turbines are aggregated to create a high pulse number electrical output at a point of common coupling with a utility grid network. Power quality at each individual wind turbine falls short of utility standards, but the aggregated output at the point of common coupling is within acceptable tolerances for utility power quality. The approach for aggregating low pulse number electrical output from multiple wind turbines relies upon a pad mounted transformer at each wind turbine that performs phase multiplication on the output of each wind turbine. Phase multiplication converts a modified square wave from the wind turbine into a 6 pulse output. Phase shifting of the 6 pulse output from each wind turbine allows the aggregated output of multiple wind turbines to be a 24 pulse approximation of a sine wave. Additional filtering and VAR control is embedded within the wind farm to take advantage of the wind farm's electrical impedence characteristics to further enhance power quality at the point of common coupling.

Simulation of the electric potential and plasma generation coupling in magnetron sputtering discharges

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Trieschmann, Jan; Krueger, Dennis; Schmidt, Frederik; Brinkmann, Ralf Peter; Mussenbrock, Thomas

2016-09-01

Magnetron sputtering typically operated at low pressures below 1 Pa is a widely applied deposition technique. For both, high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) as well as direct current magnetron sputtering (dcMS) the phenomenon of rotating ionization zones (also referred to as spokes) has been observed. A distinct spatial profile of the electric potential has been associated with the latter, giving rise to low, mid, and high energy groups of ions observed at the substrate. The adherent question of which mechanism drives this process is still not fully understood. This query is approached using Monte Carlo simulations of the heavy particle (i.e., ions and neutrals) transport consistently coupled to a pre-specified electron density profile via the intrinsic electric field. The coupling between the plasma generation and the electric potential, which establishes correspondingly, is investigated. While the system is observed to strive towards quasi-neutrality, distinct mechanisms governing the shape of the electric potential profile are identified. This work is supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) in the frame of the transregional collaborative research centre TRR 87.

7 CFR 1730.3 - RUS addresses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... ELECTRIC SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE General § 1730.3 RUS addresses. (a) Persons wishing to obtain... assigned RUS General Field Representative (GFR) or such other office as designated by RUS. ...

7 CFR 1730.3 - RUS addresses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... ELECTRIC SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE General § 1730.3 RUS addresses. (a) Persons wishing to obtain... assigned RUS General Field Representative (GFR) or such other office as designated by RUS. ...

Spin orbit coupling in graphene through gold intercalation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mukherjee, Paromita; O'Farrell, Eoin; Tan, Jun You; Yeo, Yuting; Koon, G. K. W.; Özyilmaz, Barbaros; Watanabe, K.; Taniguchi, T.

Graphene has a very low value of spin orbit coupling. There have been several efforts to enhance the spin orbit interaction in graphene. Our previous work has provided clear evidence that spin orbit coupling can be induced in graphene through Rashba interaction with intercalated gold. By applying an additional electric field, this splitting can be increased or decreased depending on its relative direction with the internal electric field induced by gold in graphene. A large negative magnetoresistance due to an in-plane magnetic field has been observed which can be attributed to the fact that a magnetic moment is induced in gold due to spin-orbit coupling. Anomalous Hall Effect which decreases with an in-plane magnetic field further suggests the formation of a collective magnetic phase. We would like to further elaborate on the spin-orbit coupling in graphene using non local measurements. Hence, by intercalating graphene with gold, we can have a direct electric manipulation of the spin degrees of freedom and lead to its much awaited applications in spintronics, quantum computing. National University of Singapore, Singapore.

Assessment of bilayer silicene to probe as quantum spin and valley Hall effect

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rehman, Majeed Ur; Qiao, Zhenhua

2018-02-01

Silicene takes precedence over graphene due to its buckling type structure and strong spin orbit coupling. Motivated by these properties, we study the silicene bilayer in the presence of applied perpendicular electric field and intrinsic spin orbit coupling to probe as quantum spin/valley Hall effect. Using analytical approach, we calculate the spin Chern-number of bilayer silicene and then compare it with monolayer silicene. We reveal that bilayer silicene hosts double spin Chern-number as compared to single layer silicene and therefore accordingly has twice as many edge states in contrast to single layer silicene. In addition, we investigate the combined effect of intrinsic spin orbit coupling and the external electric field, we find that bilayer silicene, likewise single layer silicene, goes through a phase transitions from a quantum spin Hall state to a quantum valley Hall state when the strength of the applied electric field exceeds the intrinsic spin orbit coupling strength. We believe that the results and outcomes obtained for bilayer silicene are experimentally more accessible as compared to bilayer graphene, because of strong SO coupling in bilayer silicene.

Electric Field Controlled Magnetism in BiFeO3/Ferromagnet Films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Holcomb, M. B.; Chu, Y. H.; Martin, L. W.; Gajek, M.; Seidel, J.; Ramesh, R.; Scholl, A.; Fraile-Rodriguez, A.

2008-03-01

Electric field control of magnetism is a hot technological topic at the moment due to its potential to revolutionize today's devices. Magnetoelectric materials, those having both electric and magnetic order and the potential for coupling between the two, are a promising avenue to approach electric control. BiFeO3, both a ferroelectric and an antiferromagnet, is the only single phase room temperature magnetoelectric that is currently known. In addition to other possibilities, its multiferroic nature has potential in the very active field of exchange bias, where an antiferromagnetic thin film pins the magnetic direction of an adjoining ferromagnetic layer. Since this antiferromagnet is electrically tunable, this coupling could allow electric-field control of the ferromagnetic magnetization. Direction determination of antiferromagnetic domains in BFO has recently been shown using linear and circular dichroism studies. Recently, this technique has been extended to look at the magnetic domains of a ferromagnetic grown on top of BFO. The clear magnetic changes induced by application of electric fields reveal the possibility of electric control.

Electrical Coupling between the Myenteric Interstitial Cells of Cajal and Adjacent Muscle Layers in the Guinea-Pig Gastric Antrum

PubMed Central

Cousins, H M; Edwards, F R; Hickey, H; Hill, C E; Hirst, G D S

2003-01-01

Intracellular recordings were made from short segments of the muscular wall of the guinea-pig gastric antrum. Preparations were impaled using two independent microelectrodes, one positioned in the circular layer and the other either in the longitudinal layer, in the network of myenteric interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCmy) or in the circular layer. Cells in each layer displayed characteristic patterns of rhythmical activity, with the largest signals being generated by ICCmy. Current pulses injected into the circular muscle layer produced electrotonic potentials in each cell layer, indicating that the layers are electrically interconnected. The amplitudes of these electrotonic potentials were largest in the circular layer and smallest in the longitudinal layer. An analysis of electrical coupling between the three layers suggests that although the cells in each layer are well coupled to neighbouring cells, the coupling between either muscle layer and the network of ICCmy is relatively poor. The electrical connections between ICCmy and the circular layer did not rectify. In parallel immunohistochemical studies, the distribution of the connexins Cx40, Cx43 and Cx45 within the antral wall was determined. Only Cx43 was detected; it was widely distributed on ICCmy and throughout the circular smooth muscle layer, being concentrated around ICCIM, but was less abundant in the circular muscle layer immediately adjacent to ICCmy. Although the electrophysiological studies indicate that smooth muscle cells in the longitudinal muscle layer are electrically coupled to each other, none of the connexins examined were detected in this layer. PMID:12844505

Electrokinetic coupling in unsaturated porous media.

PubMed

Revil, A; Linde, N; Cerepi, A; Jougnot, D; Matthäi, S; Finsterle, S

2007-09-01

We consider a charged porous material that is saturated by two fluid phases that are immiscible and continuous on the scale of a representative elementary volume. The wetting phase for the grains is water and the nonwetting phase is assumed to be an electrically insulating viscous fluid. We use a volume-averaging approach to derive the linear constitutive equations for the electrical current density as well as the seepage velocities of the wetting and nonwetting phases on the scale of a representative elementary volume. These macroscopic constitutive equations are obtained by volume-averaging Ampère's law together with the Nernst-Planck equation and the Stokes equations. The material properties entering the macroscopic constitutive equations are explicitly described as functions of the saturation of the water phase, the electrical formation factor, and parameters that describe the capillary pressure function, the relative permeability functions, and the variation of electrical conductivity with saturation. New equations are derived for the streaming potential and electro-osmosis coupling coefficients. A primary drainage and imbibition experiment is simulated numerically to demonstrate that the relative streaming potential coupling coefficient depends not only on the water saturation, but also on the material properties of the sample, as well as the saturation history. We also compare the predicted streaming potential coupling coefficients with experimental data from four dolomite core samples. Measurements on these samples include electrical conductivity, capillary pressure, the streaming potential coupling coefficient at various levels of saturation, and the permeability at saturation of the rock samples. We found very good agreement between these experimental data and the model predictions.

Ephaptic coupling rescues conduction failure in weakly coupled cardiac tissue with voltage-gated gap junctions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weinberg, S. H.

2017-09-01

Electrical conduction in cardiac tissue is usually considered to be primarily facilitated by gap junctions, providing a pathway between the intracellular spaces of neighboring cells. However, recent studies have highlighted the role of coupling via extracellular electric fields, also known as ephaptic coupling, particularly in the setting of reduced gap junction expression. Further, in the setting of reduced gap junctional coupling, voltage-dependent gating of gap junctions, an oft-neglected biophysical property in computational studies, produces a positive feedback that promotes conduction failure. We hypothesized that ephaptic coupling can break the positive feedback loop and rescue conduction failure in weakly coupled cardiac tissue. In a computational tissue model incorporating voltage-gated gap junctions and ephaptic coupling, we demonstrate that ephaptic coupling can rescue conduction failure in weakly coupled tissue. Further, ephaptic coupling increased conduction velocity in weakly coupled tissue, and importantly, reduced the minimum gap junctional coupling necessary for conduction, most prominently at fast pacing rates. Finally, we find that, although neglecting gap junction voltage-gating results in negligible differences in well coupled tissue, more significant differences occur in weakly coupled tissue, greatly underestimating the minimal gap junctional coupling that can maintain conduction. Our study suggests that ephaptic coupling plays a conduction-preserving role, particularly at rapid heart rates.

The nuclear electric quadrupole moment of copper.

PubMed

Santiago, Régis Tadeu; Teodoro, Tiago Quevedo; Haiduke, Roberto Luiz Andrade

2014-06-21

The nuclear electric quadrupole moment (NQM) of the (63)Cu nucleus was determined from an indirect approach by combining accurate experimental nuclear quadrupole coupling constants (NQCCs) with relativistic Dirac-Coulomb coupled cluster calculations of the electric field gradient (EFG). The data obtained at the highest level of calculation, DC-CCSD-T, from 14 linear molecules containing the copper atom give rise to an indicated NQM of -198(10) mbarn. Such result slightly deviates from the previously accepted standard value given by the muonic method, -220(15) mbarn, although the error bars are superimposed.

Characterization of complementary electric field coupled resonant surfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hand, Thomas H.; Gollub, Jonah; Sajuyigbe, Soji; Smith, David R.; Cummer, Steven A.

2008-11-01

We present angle-resolved free-space transmission and reflection measurements of a surface composed of complementary electric inductive-capacitive (CELC) resonators. By measuring the reflection and transmission coefficients of a CELC surface with different polarizations and particle orientations, we show that the CELC only responds to in-plane magnetic fields. This confirms the Babinet particle duality between the CELC and its complement, the electric field coupled LC resonator. Characterization of the CELC structure serves to expand the current library of resonant elements metamaterial designers can draw upon to make unique materials and surfaces.

31 CFR 11.6 - Terms of permit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... normal cleaning, maintenance, and repair of the building structure in and adjacent to the vending... Treasury bureau; and that all plumbing, electrical, and mechanical costs related to the renovation of...

An opto-electro-mechanical system based on evanescently-coupled optical microbottle and electromechanical resonator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Asano, Motoki; Ohta, Ryuichi; Yamamoto, Takashi; Okamoto, Hajime; Yamaguchi, Hiroshi

2018-05-01

Evanescent coupling between a high-Q silica optical microbottle and a GaAs electromechanical resonator is demonstrated. This coupling offers an opto-electro-mechanical system which possesses both cavity-enhanced optical sensitivity and electrical controllability of the mechanical motion. Cooling and heating of the mechanical mode are demonstrated based on optomechanical detection via the radiation pressure and electromechanical feedback via the piezoelectric effect. This evanescent approach allows for individual design of optical, mechanical, and electrical systems, which could lead to highly sensitive and functionalized opto-electro-mechanical systems.

Measurements of energy distribution and thrust for microwave plasma coupling of electrical energy to hydrogen for propulsion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Morin, T.; Chapman, R.; Filpus, J.; Hawley, M.; Kerber, R.; Asmussen, J.; Nakanishi, S.

1982-01-01

A microwave plasma system for transfer of electrical energy to hydrogen flowing through the system has potential application for coupling energy to a flowing gas in the electrothermal propulsion concept. Experimental systems have been designed and built for determination of the energy inputs and outputs and thrust for the microwave coupling of energy to hydrogen. Results for experiments with pressure in the range 100 microns-6 torr, hydrogen flow rate up to 1000 micronmoles/s, and total absorbed power to 700 w are presented.

Wellhead with non-ferromagnetic materials

DOEpatents

Hinson, Richard A [Houston, TX; Vinegar, Harold J [Bellaire, TX

2009-05-19

Wellheads for coupling to a heater located in a wellbore in a subsurface formation are described herein. At least one wellhead may include a heater located in a wellbore in a subsurface formation; and a wellhead coupled to the heater. The wellhead may be configured to electrically couple the heater to one or more surface electrical components. The wellhead may include at least one non-ferromagnetic material such that ferromagnetic effects are inhibited in the wellhead. Systems and methods for using such wellheads for treating a subsurface formation are described herein.

Two-dimensional solitary waves and periodic waves on coupled nonlinear electrical transmission lines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Heng; Zheng, Shuhua

2017-06-01

By using the dynamical system approach, the exact travelling wave solutions for a system of coupled nonlinear electrical transmission lines are studied. Based on this method, the bifurcations of phase portraits of a dynamical system are given. The two-dimensional solitary wave solutions and periodic wave solutions on coupled nonlinear transmission lines are obtained. With the aid of Maple, the numerical simulations are conducted for solitary wave solutions and periodic wave solutions to the model equation. The results presented in this paper improve upon previous studies.

Electrical method for the measurements of volume averaged electron density and effective coupled power to the plasma bulk

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Henault, M.; Wattieaux, G.; Lecas, T.; Renouard, J. P.; Boufendi, L.

2016-02-01

Nanoparticles growing or injected in a low pressure cold plasma generated by a radiofrequency capacitively coupled capacitive discharge induce strong modifications in the electrical parameters of both plasma and discharge. In this paper, a non-intrusive method, based on the measurement of the plasma impedance, is used to determine the volume averaged electron density and effective coupled power to the plasma bulk. Good agreements are found when the results are compared to those given by other well-known and established methods.

Coupled optical and electrical study of thin-film InGaAs photodetector integrated with surface InP Mie resonators

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fu, Dong; Song, Jiakun; Yu, Hailong

2016-03-14

High-index dielectric and semiconductor nanostructures with characteristics of low absorption loss and artificially controlled scattering properties have grasped an increasing attention for improving the performance of thin-film photovoltaic devices. In this work, combined optical and electrical simulations were performed for thin-film InP/In{sub 0.53}Ga{sub 0.47}As/InP hetero-junction photodetector with periodically arranged InP nano-cylinders in the in-coupling configuration. It is found that the carefully designed InP nano-cylinders possess strongly substrate-coupled Mie resonances and can effectively couple incident light into the guided mode, both of which significantly increase optical absorption. Further study from the electrical aspects shows that enhancement of external quantum efficiency ismore » as high as 82% and 83% in the configurations with the optimized nano-cylinders and the optimized period, respectively. Moreover, we demonstrate that the integration of InP nano-cylinders does not degrade the electrical performance, since the surface recombination is effectively suppressed by separating the absorber layer where carriers generate and the air/semiconductor interface. The comprehensive modeling including optical and electrical perspectives provides a more practical description for device performance than the optical-only simulation and is expected to advance the design of thin-film absorber layer based optoelectronic devices for fast response and high efficiency.« less

Electrical Stimulation Decreases Coupling Efficiency Between Beta-Adrenergic Receptors and Cyclic AMP Production in Cultured Muscle Cells

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Young, R. B.; Bridge, K. Y.

1999-01-01

Electrical stimulation of skeletal muscle cells in culture is an effective way to simulate the effects of muscle contraction and its effects on gene expression in muscle cells. Expression of the beta-adrenergic receptor and its coupling to cyclic AMP synthesis are important components of the signaling system that controls muscle atrophy and hypertrophy, and the goal of this project was to determine if electrical stimulation altered the beta-adrenergic response in muscle cells. Chicken skeletal muscle cells that had been grown for seven days in culture were subjected to electrical stimulation for an additional two days at a pulse frequency of 0.5 pulses/sec and a pulse duration of 200 msec. At the end of this two-day stimulation period, beta-adrenergic receptor population was measured by the binding of tritium-labeled CGP-12177 to muscle cells, and coupling to cAMP synthesis was measured by Radioimmunoassay (RIA) after treating the cells for 10 min with the potent (beta)AR agonist, isoproterenol. The number of beta adrenergic receptors and the basal levels of intracellular cyclic AMP were not affected by electrical stimulation. However, the ability of these cells to synthesize cyclic AMP was reduced by approximately 50%. Thus, an enhanced level of contraction reduces the coupling efficiency of beta-adrenergic receptors for cyclic AMP production.

Harvesting dissipated energy with a mesoscopic ratchet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roche, B.; Roulleau, P.; Jullien, T.; Jompol, Y.; Farrer, I.; Ritchie, D. A.; Glattli, D. C.

2015-04-01

The search for new efficient thermoelectric devices converting waste heat into electrical energy is of major importance. The physics of mesoscopic electronic transport offers the possibility to develop a new generation of nanoengines with high efficiency. Here we describe an all-electrical heat engine harvesting and converting dissipated power into an electrical current. Two capacitively coupled mesoscopic conductors realized in a two-dimensional conductor form the hot source and the cold converter of our device. In the former, controlled Joule heating generated by a voltage-biased quantum point contact results in thermal voltage fluctuations. By capacitive coupling the latter creates electric potential fluctuations in a cold chaotic cavity connected to external leads by two quantum point contacts. For unequal quantum point contact transmissions, a net electrical current is observed proportional to the heat produced.

Connexin43 contributes to electrotonic conduction across scar tissue in the intact heart

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mahoney, Vanessa M.; Mezzano, Valeria; Mirams, Gary R.; Maass, Karen; Li, Zhen; Cerrone, Marina; Vasquez, Carolina; Bapat, Aneesh; Delmar, Mario; Morley, Gregory E.

2016-05-01

Studies have demonstrated non-myocytes, including fibroblasts, can electrically couple to myocytes in culture. However, evidence demonstrating current can passively spread across scar tissue in the intact heart remains elusive. We hypothesize electrotonic conduction occurs across non-myocyte gaps in the heart and is partly mediated by Connexin43 (Cx43). We investigated whether non-myocytes in ventricular scar tissue are electrically connected to surrounding myocardial tissue in wild type and fibroblast-specific protein-1 driven conditional Cx43 knock-out mice (Cx43fsp1KO). Electrical coupling between the scar and uninjured myocardium was demonstrated by injecting current into the myocardium and recording depolarization in the scar through optical mapping. Coupling was significantly reduced in Cx43fsp1KO hearts. Voltage signals were recorded using microelectrodes from control scars but no signals were obtained from Cx43fsp1KO hearts. Recordings showed significantly decreased amplitude, depolarized resting membrane potential, increased duration and reduced upstroke velocity compared to surrounding myocytes, suggesting that the non-excitable cells in the scar closely follow myocyte action potentials. These results were further validated by mathematical simulations. Optical mapping demonstrated that current delivered within the scar could induce activation of the surrounding myocardium. These data demonstrate non-myocytes in the scar are electrically coupled to myocytes, and coupling depends on Cx43 expression.

Electrically coupling complex oxides to semiconductors: A route to novel material functionalities

DOE PAGES

Ngai, J. H.; Ahmadi-Majlan, K.; Moghadam, J.; ...

2017-01-12

Complex oxides and semiconductors exhibit distinct yet complementary properties owing to their respective ionic and covalent natures. By electrically coupling complex oxides to traditional semiconductors within epitaxial heterostructures, enhanced or novel functionalities beyond those of the constituent materials can potentially be realized. Essential to electrically coupling complex oxides to semiconductors is control of the physical structure of the epitaxially grown oxide, as well as the electronic structure of the interface. In this paper, we discuss how composition of the perovskite A- and B-site cations can be manipulated to control the physical and electronic structure of semiconductor—complex oxide heterostructures. Two prototypicalmore » heterostructures, Ba 1-xSr xTiO 3/Ge and SrZr xTi 1-xO 3/Ge, will be discussed. In the case of Ba 1-xSr xTiO 3/Ge, we discuss how strain can be engineered through A-site composition to enable the re-orientable ferroelectric polarization of the former to be coupled to carriers in the semiconductor. In the case of SrZr xTi 1-xO 3/Ge we discuss how B-site composition can be exploited to control the band offset at the interface. Finally, analogous to heterojunctions between compound semiconducting materials, control of band offsets, i.e., band-gap engineering, provides a pathway to electrically couple complex oxides to semiconductors to realize a host of functionalities.« less

Electrically coupling complex oxides to semiconductors: A route to novel material functionalities

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ngai, J. H.; Ahmadi-Majlan, K.; Moghadam, J.

Complex oxides and semiconductors exhibit distinct yet complementary properties owing to their respective ionic and covalent natures. By electrically coupling complex oxides to traditional semiconductors within epitaxial heterostructures, enhanced or novel functionalities beyond those of the constituent materials can potentially be realized. Essential to electrically coupling complex oxides to semiconductors is control of the physical structure of the epitaxially grown oxide, as well as the electronic structure of the interface. In this paper, we discuss how composition of the perovskite A- and B-site cations can be manipulated to control the physical and electronic structure of semiconductor—complex oxide heterostructures. Two prototypicalmore » heterostructures, Ba 1-xSr xTiO 3/Ge and SrZr xTi 1-xO 3/Ge, will be discussed. In the case of Ba 1-xSr xTiO 3/Ge, we discuss how strain can be engineered through A-site composition to enable the re-orientable ferroelectric polarization of the former to be coupled to carriers in the semiconductor. In the case of SrZr xTi 1-xO 3/Ge we discuss how B-site composition can be exploited to control the band offset at the interface. Finally, analogous to heterojunctions between compound semiconducting materials, control of band offsets, i.e., band-gap engineering, provides a pathway to electrically couple complex oxides to semiconductors to realize a host of functionalities.« less

Dynamic Properties of Electrotonic Coupling between Cells of Early Xenopus Embryos

PubMed Central

DiCaprio, R. A.; French, A. S.; Sanders, E. J.

1974-01-01

Frequency response functions were measured between the cells of Xenopus laevis embryos during the first two cleavage stages. Linear systems theory was then used to produce electronic models which account for the electrical behavior of the systems. Coupling between the cells may be explained by models which have simple resistive elements joining each cell to its neighbors. The vitelline, or fertilization, membrane which surrounds the embryos has no detectable resistance to the passage of electric current. The electrical properties of the four-cell embryo can only be explained by the existence of individual junctions linking each pair of cells. This arrangement suggests that electrotonic coupling is important in the development of the embryos, at least until the four-cell stage. ImagesFIGURE 5FIGURE 14FIGURE 15 PMID:19431351

Catalyst surfaces for the chromous/chromic redox couple

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Giner, J. D.; Cahill, K. J. (Inventor)

1981-01-01

An electricity producing cell of the reduction-oxidation (REDOX) type divided into two compartments by a membrane is disclosed. A ferrous/ferric couple in a chloride solution serves as a cathode fluid to produce a positive electric potential. A chromic/chromous couple in a chloride solution serves as an anode fluid to produce a negative potential. The electrode is an electrically conductive, inert material plated with copper, silver or gold. A thin layer of lead plates onto the copper, silver or gold layer when the cell is being charged, the lead ions being available from lead chloride which has been added to the anode fluid. If the REDOX cell is then discharged, the lead deplates from the negative electrode and the metal coating on the electrode acts as a catalyst to increase current density.

Converter topologies and control

DOEpatents

Rodriguez, Fernando; Qin, Hengsi; Chapman, Patrick

2018-05-01

An inverter includes a transformer that includes a first winding, a second winding, and a third winding, a DC-AC inverter electrically coupled to the first winding of the transformer, a cycloconverter electrically coupled to the second winding of the transformer, an active filter electrically coupled to the third winding of the transformer. The DC-AC inverter is adapted to convert the input DC waveform to an AC waveform delivered to the transformer at the first winding. The cycloconverter is adapted to convert an AC waveform received at the second winding of the transformer to the output AC waveform having a grid frequency of the AC grid. The active filter is adapted to sink and source power with one or more energy storage devices based on a mismatch in power between the DC source and the AC grid.

Middle atmospheric electrodynamics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kelley, M. C.

1983-01-01

A review is presented of the advances made during the last few years with respect to the study of the electrodynamics in the earth's middle atmosphere. In a report of the experimental work conducted, attention is given to large middle atmospheric electric fields, the downward coupling of high altitude processes into the middle atmosphere, and upward coupling of tropospheric processes into the middle atmosphere. It is pointed out that new developments in tethered balloons and superpressure balloons should greatly increase the measurement duration of earth-ionospheric potential measurements and of stratospheric electric field measurements in the next few years. Theoretical work considered provides an excellent starting point for study of upward coupling of transient and dc electric fields. Hays and Roble (1979) were the first to construct a model which included orographic features as well as the classical thunderstorm generator.

Nonminimal coupling for the gravitational and electromagnetic fields: Traversable electric wormholes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Balakin, Alexander B.; Zayats, Alexei E.; Lemos, Jose P. S.

2010-04-15

We discuss new exact solutions of a three-parameter nonminimal Einstein-Maxwell model. The solutions describe static spherically symmetric objects with and without center, supported by an electric field nonminimally coupled to gravity. We focus on a unique one-parameter model, which admits an exact solution for a traversable electrically charged wormhole connecting two universes, one asymptotically flat the other asymptotically de Sitter ones. The relation between the asymptotic mass and charge of the wormhole and its throat radius is analyzed. The wormhole solution found is thus a nonminimal realization of Wheeler's idea about charge without charge and shows that, if the worldmore » is somehow nonminimal in the coupling of gravity to electromagnetism, then wormhole appearance, or perhaps construction, is possible.« less

A Sustainable Approach for Optimal Steel Sheet Pile Structure Assessment, Maintenance, and Rehabilitation

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-09-30

plants, electrical transmission network, pipelines) • public buildings (e.g., schools, hospitals, post offices, police stations, fire houses, court...developed under REMR focused on concrete and steel materials, along with geotechnical, hydraulic, electrical and mechanical, environmental, and coastal...between the wet or dry kilning processes in ce- ment production cannot be discerned from the overall impacts associ- ated with concrete production. The

Investigation of electrical and impact properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites with carbon nanotube buckypaper layers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hill, Christopher Brandon

Carbon fiber reinforced composite materials have become commonplace in many industries including aerospace, automotive, and sporting goods. Previous research has determined a coupling relationship between the mechanical and electrical properties of these materials where the application of electrical current has been shown to improve their mechanical strengths. The next generations of these composites have started to be produced with the addition of nanocarbon buckypaper layers which provide even greater strength and electrical conductivity potentials. The focus of this current research was to characterize these new composites and compare their electro-mechanical coupling capabilities to those composites which do not contain any nonocarbons.

Vertical Take-Off and Landing Vehicle with Increased Cruise Efficiency

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fredericks, William J. (Inventor); Moore, Mark D. (Inventor); Busan, Ronald C. (Inventor); Johns, Zachary R. (Inventor); Langford, William M. (Inventor); Rothhaar, Paul M. (Inventor); North, David D. (Inventor); Laws, Christopher T. (Inventor); Hodges, William T. (Inventor); Webb, Sandy R. (Inventor)

2016-01-01

Systems, methods, and devices are provided that combine an advance vehicle configuration, such as an advanced aircraft configuration, with the infusion of electric propulsion, thereby enabling a four times increase in range and endurance while maintaining a full vertical takeoff and landing ("VTOL") and hover capability for the vehicle. Embodiments may provide vehicles with both VTOL and cruise efficient capabilities without the use of ground infrastructure. An embodiment vehicle may comprise a wing configured to tilt through a range of motion, a first series of electric motors coupled to the wing and each configured to drive an associated wing propeller, a tail configured to tilt through the range of motion, a second series of electric motors coupled to the tail and each configured to drive an associated tail propeller, and an electric propulsion system connected to the first series of electric motors and the second series of electric motors.

Vertical Takeoff and Landing Vehicle with Increased Cruise Efficiency

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Langford, William M. (Inventor); Hodges, William T. (Inventor); Laws, Christopher T. (Inventor); Johns, Zachary R. (Inventor); Fredericks, William J. (Inventor); Moore, Mark D. (Inventor); Busan, Ronald C. (Inventor); Rothhaar, Paul M. (Inventor); North, David D. (Inventor); Webb, Sandy R. (Inventor)

2018-01-01

Systems, methods, and devices are provided that combine an advance vehicle configuration, such as an advanced aircraft configuration, with the infusion of electric propulsion, thereby enabling a four times increase in range and endurance while maintaining a full vertical takeoff and landing ("VTOL") and hover capability for the vehicle. Embodiments may provide vehicles with both VTOL and cruise efficient capabilities without the use of ground infrastructure. An embodiment vehicle may comprise a wing configured to tilt through a range of motion, a first series of electric motors coupled to the wing and each configured to drive an associated wing propeller, a tail configured to tilt through the range of motion, a second series of electric motors coupled to the tail and each configured to drive an associated tail propeller, and an electric propulsion system connected to the first series of electric motors and the second series of electric motors.

Influence of residual thermal stresses and geometric parameters on stress and electric fields in multilayer ceramic capacitors under electric bias

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Wu-Gui; Feng, Xi-Qiao; Nan, Ce-Wen

2008-07-01

The stress and electric fields in multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) under an applied electric bias were investigated by using a three-dimensional finite element model of ferroelectric ceramics. A coupled thermal-mechanical analysis was first made to calculate the residual thermal stress induced by the sintering process, and then a coupled electrical-mechanical analysis was performed to predict the total stress distribution in the MLCCs under a representative applied electric bias. The effects of the number of dielectric layers, the single layer thickness as well as the residual thermal stresses on the total stresses were all examined. The numerical results show that the residual thermal stress induced by the sintering process has a significant influence on the contribution of the total stresses and, therefore, should be taken into account in the design and evaluation of MLCC devices.

Autaptic effects on synchrony of neurons coupled by electrical synapses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Youngtae

2017-07-01

In this paper, we numerically study the effects of a special synapse known as autapse on synchronization of population of Morris-Lecar (ML) neurons coupled by electrical synapses. Several configurations of the ML neuronal populations such as a pair or a ring or a globally coupled network with and without autapses are examined. While most of the papers on the autaptic effects on synchronization have used networks of neurons of same spiking rate, we use the network of neurons of different spiking rates. We find that the optimal autaptic coupling strength and the autaptic time delay enhance synchronization in our neural networks. We use the phase response curve analysis to explain the enhanced synchronization by autapses. Our findings reveal the important relationship between the intraneuronal feedback loop and the interneuronal coupling.

Synchronization properties of networks of electrically coupled neurons in the presence of noise and heterogeneities.

PubMed

Ostojic, Srdjan; Brunel, Nicolas; Hakim, Vincent

2009-06-01

We investigate how synchrony can be generated or induced in networks of electrically coupled integrate-and-fire neurons subject to noisy and heterogeneous inputs. Using analytical tools, we find that in a network under constant external inputs, synchrony can appear via a Hopf bifurcation from the asynchronous state to an oscillatory state. In a homogeneous net work, in the oscillatory state all neurons fire in synchrony, while in a heterogeneous network synchrony is looser, many neurons skipping cycles of the oscillation. If the transmission of action potentials via the electrical synapses is effectively excitatory, the Hopf bifurcation is supercritical, while effectively inhibitory transmission due to pronounced hyperpolarization leads to a subcritical bifurcation. In the latter case, the network exhibits bistability between an asynchronous state and an oscillatory state where all the neurons fire in synchrony. Finally we show that for time-varying external inputs, electrical coupling enhances the synchronization in an asynchronous network via a resonance at the firing-rate frequency.

Computing the Energy Cost of the Information Transmitted by Model Biological Neurons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Torrealdea, F. J.; Sarasola, C.; d'Anjou, A.; Moujahid, A.

2009-08-01

We assign an energy function to a Hindmarsh-Rose model of a neuron and use it to compute values of average energy consumption during its signalling activity. We also compute values of information entropy of an isolated neuron and of mutual information between two electrically coupled neurons. We find that for the isolated neuron the chaotic signaling regime is the one with the biggest ratio of information entropy to energy consumption. We also find that in the case of electrically coupled neurons there are values of the coupling strength at which the mutual information to energy consumption ratio is maximum, that is, that transmitting at that coupling conditions is energetically less expensive.

Electric-field-induced interferometric resonance of a one-dimensional spin-orbit-coupled electron

PubMed Central

Fan, Jingtao; Chen, Yuansen; Chen, Gang; Xiao, Liantuan; Jia, Suotang; Nori, Franco

2016-01-01

The efficient control of electron spins is of crucial importance for spintronics, quantum metrology, and quantum information processing. We theoretically formulate an electric mechanism to probe the electron spin dynamics, by focusing on a one-dimensional spin-orbit-coupled nanowire quantum dot. Owing to the existence of spin-orbit coupling and a pulsed electric field, different spin-orbit states are shown to interfere with each other, generating intriguing interference-resonant patterns. We also reveal that an in-plane magnetic field does not affect the interval of any neighboring resonant peaks, but contributes a weak shift of each peak, which is sensitive to the direction of the magnetic field. We find that this proposed external-field-controlled scheme should be regarded as a new type of quantum-dot-based interferometry. This interferometry has potential applications in precise measurements of relevant experimental parameters, such as the Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit-coupling strengths, as well as the Landé factor. PMID:27966598

Electromagnetic wave energy flow control with a tunable and reconfigurable coupled plasma split-ring resonator metamaterial: A study of basic conditions and configurations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kourtzanidis, Konstantinos, E-mail: kkourt@utexas.edu; Pederson, Dylan M.; Raja, Laxminarayan L.

2016-05-28

We propose and study numerically a tunable and reconfigurable metamaterial based on coupled split-ring resonators (SRRs) and plasma discharges. The metamaterial couples the magnetic-electric response of the SRR structure with the electric response of a controllable plasma slab discharge that occupies a volume of the metamaterial. Because the electric response of a plasma depends on its constitutive parameters (electron density and collision frequency), the plasma-based metamaterial is tunable and active. Using three-dimensional numerical simulations, we analyze the coupled plasma-SRR metamaterial in terms of transmittance, performing parametric studies on the effects of electron density, collisional frequency, and the position of themore » plasma slab with respect to the SRR array. We find that the resonance frequency can be controlled by the plasma position or the plasma-to-collision frequency ratio, while transmittance is highly dependent on the latter.« less

Electrical system for pulse-width modulated control of a power inverter using phase-shifted carrier signals and related operating methods

DOEpatents

Welchko, Brian A [Torrance, CA

2012-02-14

Systems and methods are provided for pulse-width modulated control of power inverter using phase-shifted carrier signals. An electrical system comprises an energy source and a motor. The motor has a first set of windings and a second set of windings, which are electrically isolated from each other. An inverter module is coupled between the energy source and the motor and comprises a first set of phase legs coupled to the first set of windings and a second set of phase legs coupled to the second set of windings. A controller is coupled to the inverter module and is configured to achieve a desired power flow between the energy source and the motor by modulating the first set of phase legs using a first carrier signal and modulating the second set of phase legs using a second carrier signal. The second carrier signal is phase-shifted relative to the first carrier signal.

Effect of Electrical Stimulation on Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Population and Coupling Efficiency in Chicken and Rat Skeleton Muscle Cell Cultures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Young, Ronald B.; Bridge, Kristin Y.; Strietzel, Catherine J.

1999-01-01

Expression of the beta-adrenergic receptor (bAR) and its coupling to cyclic AMP (cAMP) synthesis are important components of the signaling system that controls muscle atrophy and hypertrophy, and the goal of this study was to determine if electrical stimulation in a pattern simulating slow muscle contraction would alter the bAR response in primary cultures of avian and mammalian skeletal muscle cells. Specifically, chicken skeletal muscle cells and rat skeletal muscle cells that had been grown for seven days in culture were subjected to electrical stimulation for an additional two days at a pulse frequency of 0.5 pulses/sec and a pulse duration of 200 msec. In chicken skeletal muscle cells, the bAR population was not significantly affected by electrical stimulation; however, the ability of these cells to synthesize cyclic AMP was reduced by approximately one-half. Thus, in chicken muscle cells an enhanced level of contraction reduced the coupling efficiency of bAR for cyclic AMP production by approximately 55% compared to controls. In contrast, the bAR population in rat muscle cells was increased by approximately 25% by electrical stimulation, and the ability of these cells to synthesize cyclic AMP was also increased by almost two-fold. Thus, in rat muscle cells an enhanced level of contraction increased the coupling efficiency of bAR for cyclic AMP production by approximately 50% compared to controls. The basal levels of intracellular cyclic AMP in both rat muscle cells and chicken muscle cells were not affected by electrical stimulation.

43 CFR 3832.34 - How may I use my mill site?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... recovery); (2) Mine administrative and support buildings, warehouses and maintenance buildings, electrical... treatment plants; and (6) Any other use that is reasonably incident to mine development and operation...

24 CFR 968.315 - Comprehensive Plan (including five-year action plan).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... for the development, except for emergencies and essential non-routine maintenance necessary to... undertaken by the PHA in major work categories (e.g., kitchens, electrical systems, etc.); establishing...

A representative-sandwich model for simultaneously coupled mechanical-electrical-thermal simulation of a lithium-ion cell under quasi-static indentation tests

DOE PAGES

Zhang, Chao; Santhanagopalan, Shriram; Sprague, Michael A.; ...

2015-08-29

The safety behavior of lithium-ion batteries under external mechanical crush is a critical concern, especially during large scale deployment. We previously presented a sequentially coupled mechanical-electrical-thermal modeling approach for studying mechanical abuse induced short circuit. Here in this work, we study different mechanical test conditions and examine the interaction between mechanical failure and electrical-thermal responses, by developing a simultaneous coupled mechanical-electrical-thermal model. The present work utilizes a single representative-sandwich (RS) to model the full pouch cell with explicit representations for each individual component such as the active material, current collector, separator, etc. Anisotropic constitutive material models are presented to describemore » the mechanical properties of active materials and separator. The model predicts accurately the force-strain response and fracture of battery structure, simulates the local failure of separator layer, and captures the onset of short circuit for lithium-ion battery cell under sphere indentation tests with three different diameters. Electrical-thermal responses to the three different indentation tests are elaborated and discussed. Lastly, numerical studies are presented to show the potential impact of test conditions on the electrical-thermal behavior of the cell after the occurrence of short circuit.« less

Design of a bistable electromagnetic coupling mechanism for underactuated manipulators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miyuranga Kaluarachchi, Malaka; Ho, Jee-Hou; Yahya, Samer; Teh, Sze-Hong

2018-07-01

Electromagnetic clutches have been widely used in underactuated lightweight manipulator designs as a coupling mechanism due to their advantages of fast activation and electrical controllability. However, an electromagnetic clutch consumes electrical energy continuously during its operation. Furthermore, conventional electromagnetic clutches are not fail-safe in unexpected power failure conditions. These factors have a significant impact on the energy efficiency and the safety of the design, and these are vital aspects for underactuated lightweight manipulators. This paper introduces a bistable electromagnetic coupling mechanism design, with reduced energy consumption and with a fail-safe mechanism. The concept of a bistable electromagnetic mechanism consists of an electromagnet with two permanent magnets. The design has the capability to maintain stable mechanism states, either engaged or disengaged, without a continuous electrical power supply, thus enhancing fail-safety and efficiency. Moreover, the design incorporates the advantages of conventional electromagnetic clutches such as rapid activation and electrical controllability. The experimental results highlight the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism in reducing electric energy consumption. Besides this, a theoretical model is developed and a good correlation is achieved between the theoretical and experimental results. The reduced electric energy consumption and fail-safe design make the bistable electromagnetic mechanism a promising concept for underactuated lightweight manipulators.

A representative-sandwich model for simultaneously coupled mechanical-electrical-thermal simulation of a lithium-ion cell under quasi-static indentation tests

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang, Chao; Santhanagopalan, Shriram; Sprague, Michael A.

The safety behavior of lithium-ion batteries under external mechanical crush is a critical concern, especially during large scale deployment. We previously presented a sequentially coupled mechanical-electrical-thermal modeling approach for studying mechanical abuse induced short circuit. Here in this work, we study different mechanical test conditions and examine the interaction between mechanical failure and electrical-thermal responses, by developing a simultaneous coupled mechanical-electrical-thermal model. The present work utilizes a single representative-sandwich (RS) to model the full pouch cell with explicit representations for each individual component such as the active material, current collector, separator, etc. Anisotropic constitutive material models are presented to describemore » the mechanical properties of active materials and separator. The model predicts accurately the force-strain response and fracture of battery structure, simulates the local failure of separator layer, and captures the onset of short circuit for lithium-ion battery cell under sphere indentation tests with three different diameters. Electrical-thermal responses to the three different indentation tests are elaborated and discussed. Lastly, numerical studies are presented to show the potential impact of test conditions on the electrical-thermal behavior of the cell after the occurrence of short circuit.« less

Traveling wave ultrasonic motor: coupling effects in free stator.

PubMed

Frayssignes, H; Briot, R

2003-03-01

Generally a stator of traveling wave ultrasonic motor (TWUM) consists of piezoelectric transducers (annular plate or rods) coupled by the way of a metallic ring. These transducers divided into halves are excited independently by two electrical signals with different phases of about 90 degrees. So an elastic traveling wave propagates along the circumference of the ring and a rotor pressed on this vibrating surface is then driven by the stator via contact forces. Many difficulties appear in developing TWUM because the contact between the stator and the rotor via a frictional material is very important. However that may be, the first stage consists in obtaining a vibrating stator with optimum characteristics with two symmetrical phases. The aim of this paper is to discuss some coupling effects in a free stator through an enhanced equivalent circuit model. A simple experimental method based on impedance measurements is performed to estimate the coupling characteristics at a low driving voltage. This paper reports results obtained with the free stator of the well known piezoelectric ultrasonic motor "USR60" by Shinsei Co. Ltd. Since the stator behaves as an elastic body, interactions between the two electrical inputs might be described by the introduction of a coupling oscillator. The comparison of experimental and theoretical results leads to validate the new equivalent circuit of the free stator. The presence of coupling impedance could imply a change of electrical supply condition to optimize the TWUM efficiency. The effects of unbalanced features for each electrical input and the applicability of the proposed model to actual operating condition are discussed in the paper. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science B.V.