Sample records for majority voting rule

  1. Prediction of cancer class with majority voting genetic programming classifier using gene expression data.

    PubMed

    Paul, Topon Kumar; Iba, Hitoshi

    2009-01-01

    In order to get a better understanding of different types of cancers and to find the possible biomarkers for diseases, recently, many researchers are analyzing the gene expression data using various machine learning techniques. However, due to a very small number of training samples compared to the huge number of genes and class imbalance, most of these methods suffer from overfitting. In this paper, we present a majority voting genetic programming classifier (MVGPC) for the classification of microarray data. Instead of a single rule or a single set of rules, we evolve multiple rules with genetic programming (GP) and then apply those rules to test samples to determine their labels with majority voting technique. By performing experiments on four different public cancer data sets, including multiclass data sets, we have found that the test accuracies of MVGPC are better than those of other methods, including AdaBoost with GP. Moreover, some of the more frequently occurring genes in the classification rules are known to be associated with the types of cancers being studied in this paper.

  2. 48 CFR 9901.310 - Board action.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Board action. 9901.310... PROCUREMENT POLICY, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET ADMINISTRATION RULES AND PROCEDURES 9901.310 Board action. Board action shall be by majority vote of the members present and voting, except that any vote to...

  3. 48 CFR 9901.310 - Board action.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Board action. 9901.310... PROCUREMENT POLICY, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET ADMINISTRATION RULES AND PROCEDURES 9901.310 Board action. Board action shall be by majority vote of the members present and voting, except that any vote to...

  4. The Majority Rule Act. EdSource Election Brief: Proposition 26.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    EdSource, Inc., Palo Alto, CA.

    This article summarizes "The Majority Rule Act for Smaller Classes, Safer Schools and Financial Accountability" (Proposition 26). The Majority Rule Act deals with the percentage vote that a school district, county office of education, or community college, needs in an election to authorize local general-obligation bonds for school…

  5. 75 FR 13170 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change by New York Stock...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-18

    ... the right to vote or cause the voting of shares of the Corporation's stock to exceed 10% of the then... the Bylaws of NYSE Euronext To Adopt a Majority Voting Standard in Uncontested Elections of Directors March 11, 2010. Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (``Act''),\\1\\ and...

  6. 13 CFR 400.110 - Amendments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... PROGRAM Board Procedures § 400.110 Amendments. The Board's rules in this chapter may be adopted or amended, or new rules may be adopted, only by majority vote of the Board. [65 FR 70293, Nov. 22, 2000] ...

  7. Voting systems for environmental decisions.

    PubMed

    Burgman, Mark A; Regan, Helen M; Maguire, Lynn A; Colyvan, Mark; Justus, James; Martin, Tara G; Rothley, Kris

    2014-04-01

    Voting systems aggregate preferences efficiently and are often used for deciding conservation priorities. Desirable characteristics of voting systems include transitivity, completeness, and Pareto optimality, among others. Voting systems that are common and potentially useful for environmental decision making include simple majority, approval, and preferential voting. Unfortunately, no voting system can guarantee an outcome, while also satisfying a range of very reasonable performance criteria. Furthermore, voting methods may be manipulated by decision makers and strategic voters if they have knowledge of the voting patterns and alliances of others in the voting populations. The difficult properties of voting systems arise in routine decision making when there are multiple criteria and management alternatives. Because each method has flaws, we do not endorse one method. Instead, we urge organizers to be transparent about the properties of proposed voting systems and to offer participants the opportunity to approve the voting system as part of the ground rules for operation of a group. © 2014 The Authors. Conservation Biology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., on behalf of the Society for Conservation Biology.

  8. Recognition of medication information from discharge summaries using ensembles of classifiers.

    PubMed

    Doan, Son; Collier, Nigel; Xu, Hua; Pham, Hoang Duy; Tu, Minh Phuong

    2012-05-07

    Extraction of clinical information such as medications or problems from clinical text is an important task of clinical natural language processing (NLP). Rule-based methods are often used in clinical NLP systems because they are easy to adapt and customize. Recently, supervised machine learning methods have proven to be effective in clinical NLP as well. However, combining different classifiers to further improve the performance of clinical entity recognition systems has not been investigated extensively. Combining classifiers into an ensemble classifier presents both challenges and opportunities to improve performance in such NLP tasks. We investigated ensemble classifiers that used different voting strategies to combine outputs from three individual classifiers: a rule-based system, a support vector machine (SVM) based system, and a conditional random field (CRF) based system. Three voting methods were proposed and evaluated using the annotated data sets from the 2009 i2b2 NLP challenge: simple majority, local SVM-based voting, and local CRF-based voting. Evaluation on 268 manually annotated discharge summaries from the i2b2 challenge showed that the local CRF-based voting method achieved the best F-score of 90.84% (94.11% Precision, 87.81% Recall) for 10-fold cross-validation. We then compared our systems with the first-ranked system in the challenge by using the same training and test sets. Our system based on majority voting achieved a better F-score of 89.65% (93.91% Precision, 85.76% Recall) than the previously reported F-score of 89.19% (93.78% Precision, 85.03% Recall) by the first-ranked system in the challenge. Our experimental results using the 2009 i2b2 challenge datasets showed that ensemble classifiers that combine individual classifiers into a voting system could achieve better performance than a single classifier in recognizing medication information from clinical text. It suggests that simple strategies that can be easily implemented such as majority voting could have the potential to significantly improve clinical entity recognition.

  9. Empirical study on voting power in participatory forest planning.

    PubMed

    Vainikainen, N; Kangas, A; Kangas, J

    2008-07-01

    Multicriteria decision support systems are applied in natural resource management in order to clarify the planning process for the stakeholders, to make all available information usable and all objectives manageable. Especially when the public is involved in planning, the decision support system should be easy to comprehend, transparent and fair. Social choice theory has recently been applied to group decision-making in natural resources management to accomplish these objectives. Although voting forms the basis of democracy, and is usually taken as a fair method, the influence of voters over the outcome may vary. It is also possible to vote strategically to improve the results from each stakeholder's point of view. This study examines the use of social choice theory in revealing stakeholders' preferences in participatory forest planning, and the influence of different voters on the outcome. The positional voting rules examined were approval voting and Borda count, but both rules were slightly modified for the purposes of this study. The third rule examined, cumulative rule, resembles utilitarian voting rules. The voting rules were tested in a real participatory forest planning situation in eastern Lapland, Finland. All voting rules resulted in a different joint order of importance of the criteria. Yet, the preference orders produced had also a lot in common and the criteria could be divided into three quite distinct groups according to their importance. The influence of individual voters varied between the voting rules, and in each case different voter was the most influential.

  10. Quantum voting and violation of Arrow's impossibility theorem

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bao, Ning; Yunger Halpern, Nicole

    2017-06-01

    We propose a quantum voting system in the spirit of quantum games such as the quantum prisoner's dilemma. Our scheme enables a constitution to violate a quantum analog of Arrow's impossibility theorem. Arrow's theorem is a claim proved deductively in economics: Every (classical) constitution endowed with three innocuous-seeming properties is a dictatorship. We construct quantum analogs of constitutions, of the properties, and of Arrow's theorem. A quantum version of majority rule, we show, violates this quantum Arrow conjecture. Our voting system allows for tactical-voting strategies reliant on entanglement, interference, and superpositions. This contribution to quantum game theory helps elucidate how quantum phenomena can be harnessed for strategic advantage.

  11. 16 CFR 801.13 - Aggregation of voting securities, assets and non-corporate interests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... COVERAGE RULES § 801.13 Aggregation of voting securities, assets and non-corporate interests. (a) Voting... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Aggregation of voting securities, assets and non-corporate interests. 801.13 Section 801.13 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION RULES...

  12. 16 CFR 801.13 - Aggregation of voting securities, assets and non-corporate interests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... COVERAGE RULES § 801.13 Aggregation of voting securities, assets and non-corporate interests. (a) Voting... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Aggregation of voting securities, assets and non-corporate interests. 801.13 Section 801.13 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION RULES...

  13. 16 CFR 801.13 - Aggregation of voting securities, assets and non-corporate interests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... COVERAGE RULES § 801.13 Aggregation of voting securities, assets and non-corporate interests. (a) Voting... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Aggregation of voting securities, assets and non-corporate interests. 801.13 Section 801.13 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION RULES...

  14. 16 CFR 801.13 - Aggregation of voting securities, assets and non-corporate interests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... COVERAGE RULES § 801.13 Aggregation of voting securities, assets and non-corporate interests. (a) Voting... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Aggregation of voting securities, assets and non-corporate interests. 801.13 Section 801.13 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION RULES...

  15. 16 CFR 801.13 - Aggregation of voting securities, assets and non-corporate interests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... COVERAGE RULES § 801.13 Aggregation of voting securities, assets and non-corporate interests. (a) Voting... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Aggregation of voting securities, assets and non-corporate interests. 801.13 Section 801.13 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION RULES...

  16. 76 FR 62107 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; BATS Exchange, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Order Granting...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-06

    ... dispose of any plan asset and has not expressly reserved the proxy voting right for the named ERISA Plan...) of the Act. \\19\\ As the Commission stated in approving NYSE rules prohibiting broker voting in the... Proposed Rule Change To Amend BATS Rule 13.3 To Prohibit Members From Voting Uninstructed Shares on Certain...

  17. 76 FR 62103 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; BATS Y-Exchange, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Order Granting...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-06

    ... plan asset and has not expressly reserved the proxy voting right for the named ERISA Plan fiduciary... Proposed Rule Change To Amend BYX Rule 13.3 To Prohibit Members From Voting Uninstructed Shares on Certain Matters and To Align BYX Rule 13.3, Concerning the Forwarding of Proxy and Other Material and Proxy Voting...

  18. Mock jury trials in Taiwan--paving the ground for introducing lay participation.

    PubMed

    Huang, Kuo-Chang; Lin, Chang-Ching

    2014-08-01

    The first mock jury study in Taiwan, in which 279 community members watched a videotaped trial, investigated how jurors' estimates of the relative undesirability of wrongful conviction versus wrongful acquittal predicted individual decisions and how decision rules affected outcomes. The percentage of jurors who viewed wrongful conviction as more undesirable increased from 50.9% to 60.9% after deliberation and jurors' postdeliberation acquittal rate (71.7%) was higher than predeliberation acquittal rate (58.8%). Jurors' estimates of the undesirability of wrongful conviction were not correlated with their predeliberation votes but became positively correlated with their postdeliberation decisions. The unanimous rule facilitated jurors' change of vote, predominantly from conviction to acquittal, than the simple majority rule. Jurors reaching a verdict under the unanimous rule viewed deliberation and the verdict more positively. This study indicates that deliberation can ameliorate the problem of most Taiwanese citizens not viewing wrongful conviction as more undesirable than wrongful acquittal. It also suggests that Taiwan should adopt a unanimous rule for its proposed lay participation system.

  19. Powerful Voter Selection for Making Multistep Delegate Ballot Fair

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yamakawa, Hiroshi

    For decision by majority, each voter often exercises his right by delegating to trustable other voters. Multi-step delegates rule allows indirect delegating through more than one voter, and this helps each voter finding his delegate voters. In this paper, we propose powerful voter selection method depending on the multi-step delegate rule. This method sequentially selects voters who is most delegated indirectly. Multi-agent simulation demonstrate that we can achieve highly fair poll results from small number of vote by using proposed method. Here, fairness is prediction accuracy to sum of all voters preferences for choices. In simulation, each voter selects choices arranged on one dimensional preference axis for voting. Acquaintance relationships among voters were generated as a random network, and each voter delegates some of his acquaintances who has similar preferences. We obtained simulation results from various acquaintance networks, and then averaged these results. Firstly, if each voter has enough acquaintances in average, proposed method can help predicting sum of all voters' preferences of choices from small number of vote. Secondly, if the number of each voter's acquaintances increases corresponding to an increase in the number of voters, prediction accuracy (fairness) from small number of vote can be kept in appropriate level.

  20. 75 FR 79060 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change, as Modified by Amendment...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-17

    ... statements concerning the purpose of, and basis for, the proposed rule change and discussed any comments it...'' voting provision as it relates to Section 3.1 will have the effect that only a majority of the same... regulators were concerned about insuring a balance of U.S. and European perspectives in the governance of the...

  1. 76 FR 80989 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Amex LLC; Notice of Filing and Order Granting Accelerated...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-27

    ... Rule 577 Relating to Discretionary Proxy Voting on Executive Compensation Matters December 20, 2011. Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (``Act''),\\1\\ and Rule 19b-4 thereunder... from voting uninstructed shares if the matter voted on relates to executive compensation. The foregoing...

  2. 76 FR 11305 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Amex LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-01

    ... the proposal. While recognizing the interest of stockholders in simple majority voting to amend these... publishing this notice to solicit comments on the proposed rule change from interested persons. \\1\\ 15 U.S.C... would not oppose a change to a simple majority provision for certain of the provisions currently subject...

  3. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hyman, James M; Restrepo, Juan M; Rael, Rosalyn C

    We propose a population dynamics model for quantifying the effects of polling data on the outcome of multi-party elections decided by a majority-rule voting process. We divide the population into two groups: committed voters impervious to polling data, and susceptible voters whose decision to vote is influenced by data, depending on its reliability. This population-based approach to modeling the process sidesteps the problem of upscaling models based upon the choices made by individuals. We find releasing poll data is not advantageous to leading candidates, but it can be exploited by those closely trailing. The analysis identifies the particular type ofmore » voting impetus at play in different stages of an election and could help strategists optimize their influence on susceptible voters.« less

  4. Two Papers on Majority Rule: Continuity Properties of Majority Rule with Intermediate Preferences. Electoral Outcomes with Probabilistic Voting and Nash Social Welfare Maxima.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1981-02-01

    0685 i United States Office of Naval Research THE ECONOMIC SERIES INSTITUTE FOR MATHEMATICAL STUDIES IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES Fourth Floor, Encina Hall...of Economics Fourth Floor, Encina Hall Portland State University Stanford University P.O. Box 751 Stanford, California 94305 Portland, Oregon 97207 4...A) - for j 1 ,...,n. From the chosen c, then, v’(H +(6 1) nA) > 1/2 and v’ (Hf(y) n A) > 1/2. By Lemma 2, the above inequalities imply that d = *(v

  5. 75 FR 22577 - Proposed Rule of Agency Procedure No. 1: Procedures for Voting by Circulation Version 2.0

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-29

    ... deadlines, the current policy limits EAC's ability to address the rare situations that require swift action... Procedure No. 1: Procedures for Voting by Circulation Version 2.0. EAC's current Proposed Rule of Agency...

  6. 76 FR 17728 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Stock Exchange, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Order Granting...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-30

    ... Proposed Change to Rules Regarding Proxy Voting by Participants March 24, 2011. Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (``Act''),\\1\\ and Rule 19b-4 thereunder,\\2\\ notice is hereby..., Rule 14 regarding proxy voting by Participants which hold stock on behalf of the beneficial owner...

  7. Sophisticated approval voting, ignorance priors, and plurality heuristics: a behavioral social choice analysis in a Thurstonian framework.

    PubMed

    Regenwetter, Michel; Ho, Moon-Ho R; Tsetlin, Ilia

    2007-10-01

    This project reconciles historically distinct paradigms at the interface between individual and social choice theory, as well as between rational and behavioral decision theory. The authors combine a utility-maximizing prescriptive rule for sophisticated approval voting with the ignorance prior heuristic from behavioral decision research and two types of plurality heuristics to model approval voting behavior. When using a sincere plurality heuristic, voters simplify their decision process by voting for their single favorite candidate. When using a strategic plurality heuristic, voters strategically focus their attention on the 2 front-runners and vote for their preferred candidate among these 2. Using a hierarchy of Thurstonian random utility models, the authors implemented these different decision rules and tested them statistically on 7 real world approval voting elections. They cross-validated their key findings via a psychological Internet experiment. Although a substantial number of voters used the plurality heuristic in the real elections, they did so sincerely, not strategically. Moreover, even though Thurstonian models do not force such agreement, the results show, in contrast to common wisdom about social choice rules, that the sincere social orders by Condorcet, Borda, plurality, and approval voting are identical in all 7 elections and in the Internet experiment. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved.

  8. 75 FR 9985 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-04

    ... ``for'' such election is required to tender his or her resignation promptly following receipt of the... the election results, the Board will decide whether to accept or reject the resignation. Promptly... qualified. For this reason, the majority voting standard under consideration requires that any incumbent...

  9. 76 FR 11300 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-01

    ... Commission is publishing this notice to solicit comments on the proposed rule change from interested persons... possibility of amending its Certificate and Bylaws to implement the proposal. While recognizing the interest of stockholders in simple majority voting to amend these basic governing documents, the Corporation...

  10. 18 CFR 375.206 - Procedures to close meetings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... meetings. 375.206 Section 375.206 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY... Sunshine Act § 375.206 Procedures to close meetings. (a) General rule. A meeting or a portion of a meeting may be closed only when the Commission votes by a majority of the membership to close the meeting. A...

  11. 77 FR 59423 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE MKT LLC; Order Granting Approval of a Proposed Rule Change...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-27

    ... change the relative economic and voting rights of and among Class B Members, by its terms it cannot impact the aggregate economic and voting rights of Class B Members in relation to Class A Members. On... Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the ``Act'') \\1\\ and Rule 19b-4 thereunder,\\2\\ a proposed rule change to...

  12. 16 CFR 801.10 - Value of voting securities, non-corporate interests and assets to be acquired.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Value of voting securities, non-corporate... ACT OF 1976 COVERAGE RULES § 801.10 Value of voting securities, non-corporate interests and assets to... value of all consideration for such voting securities, non-corporate interests or assets to be acquired...

  13. 16 CFR 801.10 - Value of voting securities, non-corporate interests and assets to be acquired.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Value of voting securities, non-corporate... ACT OF 1976 COVERAGE RULES § 801.10 Value of voting securities, non-corporate interests and assets to... value of all consideration for such voting securities, non-corporate interests or assets to be acquired...

  14. 16 CFR 801.10 - Value of voting securities, non-corporate interests and assets to be acquired.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Value of voting securities, non-corporate... ACT OF 1976 COVERAGE RULES § 801.10 Value of voting securities, non-corporate interests and assets to... value of all consideration for such voting securities, non-corporate interests or assets to be acquired...

  15. 76 FR 54110 - Attorney General's Guidelines on Implementation of the Provisions of the Voting Rights Act...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-31

    ... General's Guidelines on Implementation of the Provisions of the Voting Rights Act Regarding Language... the Voting Rights Act, which require certain states and political subdivisions to conduct elections in... language requirements in sections 4(f)(4) and 203 of the Voting Rights Act. The rule also amends the...

  16. 76 FR 56840 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; BATS Exchange, Inc.; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change To...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-14

    ... respective voting rights and of Class A and Class B common stock, (iv) setting forth certain limitations on... Incorporation, shares of Non-Voting Common Stock possess the same rights, preferences, powers, privileges...-Voting Class B Common Stock. Except for voting rights and certain conversion features, as described below...

  17. 16 CFR 801.10 - Value of voting securities, non-corporate interests and assets to be acquired.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Value of voting securities, non-corporate... ACT OF 1976 COVERAGE RULES § 801.10 Value of voting securities, non-corporate interests and assets to be acquired. Except as provided in § 801.13, the value of voting securities and assets to be acquired...

  18. 16 CFR 801.10 - Value of voting securities, non-corporate interests and assets to be acquired.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Value of voting securities, non-corporate... ACT OF 1976 COVERAGE RULES § 801.10 Value of voting securities, non-corporate interests and assets to be acquired. Except as provided in § 801.13, the value of voting securities and assets to be acquired...

  19. 32 CFR 2003.6 - Voting (Article VI).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 6 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Voting (Article VI). 2003.6 Section 2003.6 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense INFORMATION SECURITY OVERSIGHT OFFICE...) BYLAWS, RULES, AND APPEAL PROCEDURES Bylaws § 2003.6 Voting (Article VI). (a) Motions. When the Panel is...

  20. 32 CFR 2003.6 - Voting (Article VI).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 6 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Voting (Article VI). 2003.6 Section 2003.6 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense INFORMATION SECURITY OVERSIGHT OFFICE...) BYLAWS, RULES, AND APPEAL PROCEDURES Bylaws § 2003.6 Voting (Article VI). (a) Motions. When the Panel is...

  1. 77 FR 20079 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change Relating...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-03

    ... dependent, and a majority of annual cash flow is earned during the winter heating season (October through... markets in which they invest), to manage cash flows, to limit exposure to losses due to changes to non-U.S... terms of voting rights, liquidation preference, and distributions. However, rather than receiving cash...

  2. The impact of voting on tax payments

    PubMed Central

    Wahl, Ingrid; Muehlbacher, Stephan; Kirchler, Erich

    2010-01-01

    This study examines whether participating in governmental decisions influences taxpayers’ cooperation. The results of experiment 1 show that participants tend to contribute more when they can vote on different rules for a public good game. Experiment 2 reveals that tax payments are lowest in a tax simulation when participants benefit from tax payments and can not vote. However, when the participants did not benefit from tax payments, voting had no impact and cooperation was about the same as when participants benefited and could vote. Furthermore, voting increases procedural fairness and trust mediates the effect of procedural fairness on tax payments. PMID:21654938

  3. 26 CFR 53.4943-7 - Special rules for readjustments involving grandfathered holdings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... of voting stock in a business enterprise owned (directly or indirectly) by a private foundation by... exceeds the greatest percentage of voting stock in any business enterprise owned (directly or indirectly... foundation in the exchange. (ii) If the sum of the percentage of voting stock in a business enterprise owned...

  4. 16 CFR 801.15 - Aggregation of voting securities and assets the acquisition of which was exempt.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... balance sheet, for purposes of § 801.11). 2. In the previous example, the rule was applied to voting... securities the previous acquisition of which was exempt also fall within the rule. Thus, the size-of... assets. Because “X” acquired control of M in the earlier transaction, M is now within the person of “X...

  5. 76 FR 56833 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; BATS Y-Exchange, Inc.; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change To...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-14

    ... respective voting rights and of Class A and Class B common stock, (iv) setting forth certain limitations on... Incorporation, shares of Non-Voting Common Stock possess the same rights, preferences, powers, privileges... B Common Stock. Except for voting rights and certain conversion features, as described below, Class...

  6. Scan statistics with local vote for target detection in distributed system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Luo, Junhai; Wu, Qi

    2017-12-01

    Target detection has occupied a pivotal position in distributed system. Scan statistics, as one of the most efficient detection methods, has been applied to a variety of anomaly detection problems and significantly improves the probability of detection. However, scan statistics cannot achieve the expected performance when the noise intensity is strong, or the signal emitted by the target is weak. The local vote algorithm can also achieve higher target detection rate. After the local vote, the counting rule is always adopted for decision fusion. The counting rule does not use the information about the contiguity of sensors but takes all sensors' data into consideration, which makes the result undesirable. In this paper, we propose a scan statistics with local vote (SSLV) method. This method combines scan statistics with local vote decision. Before scan statistics, each sensor executes local vote decision according to the data of its neighbors and its own. By combining the advantages of both, our method can obtain higher detection rate in low signal-to-noise ratio environment than the scan statistics. After the local vote decision, the distribution of sensors which have detected the target becomes more intensive. To make full use of local vote decision, we introduce a variable-step-parameter for the SSLV. It significantly shortens the scan period especially when the target is absent. Analysis and simulations are presented to demonstrate the performance of our method.

  7. 78 FR 6365 - Self-Regulatory Organizations: Miami International Securities Exchange LLC; Notice of Filing and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-30

    ... stated in approving New York Stock Exchange (``NYSE'') rules prohibiting broker voting in the election of... voting uninstructed shares if the matter voted on relates to (i) the election of a member of the board of directors of an issuer (other than an uncontested election of a director of an investment company registered...

  8. A networked voting rule for democratic representation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hernández, Alexis R.; Gracia-Lázaro, Carlos; Brigatti, Edgardo; Moreno, Yamir

    2018-03-01

    We introduce a general framework for exploring the problem of selecting a committee of representatives with the aim of studying a networked voting rule based on a decentralized large-scale platform, which can assure a strong accountability of the elected. The results of our simulations suggest that this algorithm-based approach is able to obtain a high representativeness for relatively small committees, performing even better than a classical voting rule based on a closed list of candidates. We show that a general relation between committee size and representatives exists in the form of an inverse square root law and that the normalized committee size approximately scales with the inverse of the community size, allowing the scalability to very large populations. These findings are not strongly influenced by the different networks used to describe the individuals' interactions, except for the presence of few individuals with very high connectivity which can have a marginal negative effect in the committee selection process.

  9. Does Economic Education Make a Difference in Congress? How Economics Majors Vote on Trade

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    O'Roark, J. Brian

    2012-01-01

    The author of this article expands the background theory of voting to incorporate the undergraduate majors of members of Congress. Examining nine votes on trade across the 109th and 110th Congresses reveals that economics majors are the only category of college major to vote in favor of free trade in a predictable way. Controls for a variety of…

  10. 7 CFR 2200.9 - Amendments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... rules may be adopted or amended, or new rules may be adopted, only by the affirmative vote of not less than three members of the Board. Authority to adopt or amend these rules may not be delegated. ...

  11. On Modeling of Adversary Behavior and Defense for Survivability of Military MANET Applications

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-01-01

    anomaly detection technique. b) A system-level majority-voting based intrusion detection system with m being the number of verifiers used to perform...pp. 1254 - 1263. [5] R. Mitchell, and I.R. Chen, “Adaptive Intrusion Detection for Unmanned Aircraft Systems based on Behavior Rule Specification...and adaptively trigger the best attack strategies while avoiding detection and eviction. The second step is to model defense behavior of defenders

  12. 76 FR 13012 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX BX, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Order Granting...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-09

    ... proposes to modify Rule 2251 to prohibit members from voting on the election of a member of the board of directors of an issuer (except for a vote with respect to the uncontested election of a member of the board... the election of a member of the board of directors of an issuer (except for a vote with respect to the...

  13. A networked voting rule for democratic representation

    PubMed Central

    Brigatti, Edgardo; Moreno, Yamir

    2018-01-01

    We introduce a general framework for exploring the problem of selecting a committee of representatives with the aim of studying a networked voting rule based on a decentralized large-scale platform, which can assure a strong accountability of the elected. The results of our simulations suggest that this algorithm-based approach is able to obtain a high representativeness for relatively small committees, performing even better than a classical voting rule based on a closed list of candidates. We show that a general relation between committee size and representatives exists in the form of an inverse square root law and that the normalized committee size approximately scales with the inverse of the community size, allowing the scalability to very large populations. These findings are not strongly influenced by the different networks used to describe the individuals’ interactions, except for the presence of few individuals with very high connectivity which can have a marginal negative effect in the committee selection process. PMID:29657817

  14. Research and Development Project Priotization. An Annotated Bibliography.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-04-01

    matrix) theory provides the answer in any particular 17 problem. The matrix used is a table to express the number of votes cast for each motion...the majority-rule model and the game model. In 1964, Aumana’s chapter in Shelly and Bryan’s book [187] briefly described ordinal utility ranking...propositions to cast doubt on the existence of Bergson-Samuelson SWFs. They demonstrated that it was impossible to find a "reasonable" Bergson

  15. The Village Election

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kowszun, Jorj

    2017-01-01

    A vote with two candidates is simple -- the majority is clear. When there are more candidates, the vote is still clear if one receives more votes than all the others put together. Problems can occur if no candidate has that overall majority. Here are illustrated several voting methods that attempt to achieve fairness in a single election without…

  16. 31 CFR 800.103 - Applicability rule; prospective application of certain provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... board of directors of a U.S. business or has requested the conversion of convertible voting securities... Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF INVESTMENT SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY REGULATIONS.... business), and 800.228 (Voting interest), and the regulations in subpart C (Coverage) do not apply to any...

  17. 39 CFR 6.6 - Quorum and voting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...)(1) requires a favorable vote of an absolute majority of the Governors in office; (b) In the... absolute majority of the Governors in office and the Postmaster General; (c) In the appointment, removal... necessary staff, a favorable vote of an absolute majority of the Governors in office is required; (d) In the...

  18. Belief Function Based Decision Fusion for Decentralized Target Classification in Wireless Sensor Networks

    PubMed Central

    Zhang, Wenyu; Zhang, Zhenjiang

    2015-01-01

    Decision fusion in sensor networks enables sensors to improve classification accuracy while reducing the energy consumption and bandwidth demand for data transmission. In this paper, we focus on the decentralized multi-class classification fusion problem in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and a new simple but effective decision fusion rule based on belief function theory is proposed. Unlike existing belief function based decision fusion schemes, the proposed approach is compatible with any type of classifier because the basic belief assignments (BBAs) of each sensor are constructed on the basis of the classifier’s training output confusion matrix and real-time observations. We also derive explicit global BBA in the fusion center under Dempster’s combinational rule, making the decision making operation in the fusion center greatly simplified. Also, sending the whole BBA structure to the fusion center is avoided. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed fusion rule has better performance in fusion accuracy compared with the naïve Bayes rule and weighted majority voting rule. PMID:26295399

  19. 17 CFR 1.69 - Voting by interested members of self-regulatory organization governing boards and various...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... of self-regulatory organization governing boards and various committees. 1.69 Section 1.69 Commodity... EXCHANGE ACT Miscellaneous § 1.69 Voting by interested members of self-regulatory organization governing... violation of the rules of the self-regulatory organization except those cases where the person or committee...

  20. 17 CFR 1.69 - Voting by interested members of self-regulatory organization governing boards and various...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... of self-regulatory organization governing boards and various committees. 1.69 Section 1.69 Commodity... EXCHANGE ACT Miscellaneous § 1.69 Voting by interested members of self-regulatory organization governing... violation of the rules of the self-regulatory organization except those cases where the person or committee...

  1. 17 CFR 1.69 - Voting by interested members of self-regulatory organization governing boards and various...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... of self-regulatory organization governing boards and various committees. 1.69 Section 1.69 Commodity... EXCHANGE ACT Miscellaneous § 1.69 Voting by interested members of self-regulatory organization governing... violation of the rules of the self-regulatory organization except those cases where the person or committee...

  2. 17 CFR 1.69 - Voting by interested members of self-regulatory organization governing boards and various...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... of self-regulatory organization governing boards and various committees. 1.69 Section 1.69 Commodity... EXCHANGE ACT Miscellaneous § 1.69 Voting by interested members of self-regulatory organization governing... violation of the rules of the self-regulatory organization except those cases where the person or committee...

  3. A joint resolution disapproving the rule submitted by the Federal Communications Commission with respect to regulating the Internet and broadband industry practices.

    THOMAS, 112th Congress

    Sen. Hutchison, Kay Bailey [R-TX

    2011-02-16

    Senate - 11/10/2011 Motion to proceed to consideration of measure rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 46 - 52. Record Vote Number: 200. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  4. Alternative majority-voting methods for real-time computing systems

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Shin, Kang G.; Dolter, James W.

    1989-01-01

    Two techniques that provide a compromise between the high time overhead in maintaining synchronous voting and the difficulty of combining results in asynchronous voting are proposed. These techniques are specifically suited for real-time applications with a single-source/single-sink structure that need instantaneous error masking. They provide a compromise between a tightly synchronized system in which the synchronization overhead can be quite high, and an asynchronous system which lacks suitable algorithms for combining the output data. Both quorum-majority voting (QMV) and compare-majority voting (CMV) are most applicable to distributed real-time systems with single-source/single-sink tasks. All real-time systems eventually have to resolve their outputs into a single action at some stage. The development of the advanced information processing system (AIPS) and other similar systems serve to emphasize the importance of these techniques. Time bounds suggest that it is possible to reduce the overhead for quorum-majority voting to below that for synchronous voting. All the bounds assume that the computation phase is nonpreemptive and that there is no multitasking.

  5. Voting Systems for Environmental Decisions

    PubMed Central

    BURGMAN, MARK A; REGAN, HELEN M; MAGUIRE, LYNN A; COLYVAN, MARK; JUSTUS, JAMES; MARTIN, TARA G; ROTHLEY, KRIS

    2014-01-01

    Voting systems aggregate preferences efficiently and are often used for deciding conservation priorities. Desirable characteristics of voting systems include transitivity, completeness, and Pareto optimality, among others. Voting systems that are common and potentially useful for environmental decision making include simple majority, approval, and preferential voting. Unfortunately, no voting system can guarantee an outcome, while also satisfying a range of very reasonable performance criteria. Furthermore, voting methods may be manipulated by decision makers and strategic voters if they have knowledge of the voting patterns and alliances of others in the voting populations. The difficult properties of voting systems arise in routine decision making when there are multiple criteria and management alternatives. Because each method has flaws, we do not endorse one method. Instead, we urge organizers to be transparent about the properties of proposed voting systems and to offer participants the opportunity to approve the voting system as part of the ground rules for operation of a group. Sistemas de Votación para Decisiones Ambientales Resumen Los sistemas de votación agregan preferencias eficientemente y muy seguido se usan para decidir prioridades de conservación. Las características deseables de un sistema de votación incluyen la transitividad, lo completo que sean y la optimalidad de Pareto, entre otras. Los sistemas de votación que son comunes y potencialmente útiles para la toma de decisiones ambientales incluyen simple mayoría, aprobación y votación preferencial. Desafortunadamente, ningún sistema de votación puede garantizar un resultado y a la vez satisfacer un rango de criterios de desempeño muy razonable. Además, los métodos de votación pueden manipularse por los que toman las decisiones y votantes estratégicos si tienen el conocimiento de los patrones de votación y de las alianzas entre miembros dentro de las poblaciones votantes. Las propiedades difíciles de los sistemas de votación sobresalen en las tomas de decisiones rutinarias cuando hay criterios múltiples y alternativas de manejo. Ya que ambos métodos tienen fallas, no apoyamos a uno sobre el otro. En lugar de esto le pedimos urgentemente a los organizadores ser transparentes con respecto a las propiedades de los sistemas de votación y ofrecer a los participantes la oportunidad de aprobar el sistema de votación como parte de las reglas básicas para la operación de un grupo. PMID:24423154

  6. 78 FR 75661 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX PHLX LLC; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change To...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-12

    ... following three supermajority voting requirements. Removal of Directors. Article Fifth, Paragraph D provides... class. Adoption, Alteration, Amendment and Repeal of By-Laws. Article Eighth, Paragraph A provides that... Provisions. Article Ninth, Paragraph A provides that the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66\\2/3...

  7. A joint resolution to disapprove a rule promulgated by the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency relating to emission standards for certain steam generating units.

    THOMAS, 112th Congress

    Sen. Inhofe, James M. [R-OK

    2012-02-16

    Senate - 06/20/2012 Motion to proceed to consideration of measure rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 46 - 53. Record Vote Number: 139. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  8. Sophisticated Approval Voting, Ignorance Priors, and Plurality Heuristics: A Behavioral Social Choice Analysis in a Thurstonian Framework

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Regenwetter, Michel; Ho, Moon-Ho R.; Tsetlin, Ilia

    2007-01-01

    This project reconciles historically distinct paradigms at the interface between individual and social choice theory, as well as between rational and behavioral decision theory. The authors combine a utility-maximizing prescriptive rule for sophisticated approval voting with the ignorance prior heuristic from behavioral decision research and two…

  9. 75 FR 66589 - Shareholder Approval of Executive Compensation and Golden Parachute Compensation

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-28

    ... 14A(b)(2). \\26\\ Exchange Act Section 14A(c). For a more detailed discussion of the advisory nature of... the shareholder votes required by Rule 14a-21, including disclosure of the non-binding nature of the...-binding nature of the vote. We are proposing to require additional disclosure so that information about...

  10. "Shelby County v. Holder": What It Means for the Voting Rights Act

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Schwinn, Steven D.

    2013-01-01

    This summer, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in "Shelby County v. Holder" that Congress had exceeded its Fifteenth Amendment enforcement authority when it reauthorized a part of the Voting Rights Act (a coverage formula) that forced places with a history of discrimination to get federal approval before making changes to their election laws.…

  11. 75 FR 38574 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of Proposed Rule...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-02

    ... any ``against'' votes if that option were to be made available on the proxy card) must immediately... with contested elections for directors. Under the proposed amendment to the Bylaws, the proxy card... counted as a vote cast either ``for'' or ``against'' such director's election). In the event that any...

  12. 16 CFR 802.21 - Acquisitions of voting securities not meeting or exceeding greater notification threshold (as...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Acquisitions of voting securities not meeting or exceeding greater notification threshold (as adjusted). 802.21 Section 802.21 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION RULES, REGULATIONS, STATEMENTS AND INTERPRETATIONS UNDER THE HART-SCOTT-RODINO ANTITRUST IMPROVEMENTS ACT OF 1976...

  13. 16 CFR 802.21 - Acquisitions of voting securities not meeting or exceeding greater notification threshold (as...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Acquisitions of voting securities not meeting or exceeding greater notification threshold (as adjusted). 802.21 Section 802.21 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION RULES, REGULATIONS, STATEMENTS AND INTERPRETATIONS UNDER THE HART-SCOTT-RODINO ANTITRUST IMPROVEMENTS ACT OF 1976...

  14. 32 CFR 242b.5 - Voting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... SCIENCES § 242b.5 Voting. (a) The concurrence of a majority of the Regents present at a meeting shall be... notation voting, by voting on material circulated to Regents individually or serially, or by polling of...

  15. 32 CFR 242b.5 - Voting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... SCIENCES § 242b.5 Voting. (a) The concurrence of a majority of the Regents present at a meeting shall be... notation voting, by voting on material circulated to Regents individually or serially, or by polling of...

  16. 32 CFR 242b.5 - Voting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... SCIENCES § 242b.5 Voting. (a) The concurrence of a majority of the Regents present at a meeting shall be... notation voting, by voting on material circulated to Regents individually or serially, or by polling of...

  17. 32 CFR 242b.5 - Voting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... SCIENCES § 242b.5 Voting. (a) The concurrence of a majority of the Regents present at a meeting shall be... notation voting, by voting on material circulated to Regents individually or serially, or by polling of...

  18. 32 CFR 242b.5 - Voting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... SCIENCES § 242b.5 Voting. (a) The concurrence of a majority of the Regents present at a meeting shall be... notation voting, by voting on material circulated to Regents individually or serially, or by polling of...

  19. The Hard Problem of Cooperation

    PubMed Central

    Eriksson, Kimmo; Strimling, Pontus

    2012-01-01

    Based on individual variation in cooperative inclinations, we define the “hard problem of cooperation” as that of achieving high levels of cooperation in a group of non-cooperative types. Can the hard problem be solved by institutions with monitoring and sanctions? In a laboratory experiment we find that the answer is affirmative if the institution is imposed on the group but negative if development of the institution is left to the group to vote on. In the experiment, participants were divided into groups of either cooperative types or non-cooperative types depending on their behavior in a public goods game. In these homogeneous groups they repeatedly played a public goods game regulated by an institution that incorporated several of the key properties identified by Ostrom: operational rules, monitoring, rewards, punishments, and (in one condition) change of rules. When change of rules was not possible and punishments were set to be high, groups of both types generally abided by operational rules demanding high contributions to the common good, and thereby achieved high levels of payoffs. Under less severe rules, both types of groups did worse but non-cooperative types did worst. Thus, non-cooperative groups profited the most from being governed by an institution demanding high contributions and employing high punishments. Nevertheless, in a condition where change of rules through voting was made possible, development of the institution in this direction was more often voted down in groups of non-cooperative types. We discuss the relevance of the hard problem and fit our results into a bigger picture of institutional and individual determinants of cooperative behavior. PMID:22792282

  20. A joint resolution disapproving a rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to the mitigation by States of cross-border air pollution under the Clean Air Act.

    THOMAS, 112th Congress

    Sen. Paul, Rand [R-KY

    2011-09-08

    Senate - 11/10/2011 Motion to proceed to consideration of measure rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 41 - 56. Record Vote Number: 201. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  1. A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Mediation Board relating to representation election procedures.

    THOMAS, 111th Congress

    Sen. Isakson, Johnny [R-GA

    2010-05-11

    Senate - 09/23/2010 Motion to proceed to consideration of measure rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 43 - 56. Record Vote Number: 239. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  2. 75 FR 23827 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of Proposed Rule...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-04

    ... By-Laws to make improvements in its governance. In SR-NASDAQ-2010-025, The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC... director receiving a plurality of the votes at any election of directors at which a quorum is present is... director in an uncontested election who received a greater number of votes ``withheld'' from his or her...

  3. 75 FR 60844 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing and Order Granting...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-01

    ...-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing and Order Granting Accelerated... Rule 19b-4 thereunder,\\2\\ notice is hereby given that on September 14, 2010, The NASDAQ Stock Market... voting on the election of a member of the board of directors of an issuer (except for a vote with respect...

  4. 75 FR 14231 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated; Notice of Filing and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-24

    ... thereunder. These proposed amendments will help ensure the full and effective voting rights of investment... Discretionary Voting on the Elections of Directors March 18, 2010. Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the ``Act''),\\1\\ and Rule 19b-4 thereunder,\\2\\ notice is hereby given that...

  5. Application of majority voting and consensus voting algorithms in N-version software

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tsarev, R. Yu; Durmuş, M. S.; Üstoglu, I.; Morozov, V. A.

    2018-05-01

    N-version programming is one of the most common techniques which is used to improve the reliability of software by building in fault tolerance, redundancy and decreasing common cause failures. N different equivalent software versions are developed by N different and isolated workgroups by considering the same software specifications. The versions solve the same task and return results that have to be compared to determine the correct result. Decisions of N different versions are evaluated by a voting algorithm or the so-called voter. In this paper, two of the most commonly used software voting algorithms such as the majority voting algorithm and the consensus voting algorithm are studied. The distinctive features of Nversion programming with majority voting and N-version programming with consensus voting are described. These two algorithms make a decision about the correct result on the base of the agreement matrix. However, if the equivalence relation on the agreement matrix is not satisfied it is impossible to make a decision. It is shown that the agreement matrix can be transformed into an appropriate form by using the Boolean compositions when the equivalence relation is satisfied.

  6. Moral Foundations and Voting Intention in Italy

    PubMed Central

    Milesi, Patrizia

    2017-01-01

    Based on the view of morality proposed by the Moral Foundations Theory, this paper investigates whether voting intention is associated with moral foundation endorsement in not perfectly bipolar electoral contexts. Three studies carried out in Italy from 2010 to 2013, showed that controlling for ideological orientation, moral foundation endorsement is associated with voting intention. In Study 1 and 3, in fictitious and real national elections, intention to vote for right-wing political groups rather than for left-wing rivals was associated with Sanctity, confirming previous results obtained in the U.S. Furthermore, as a function of the specific competing political groups in each of the examined contexts other moral foundations predicted voting intention. In Study 1, Care and Authority predicted voting intention for the major political groups rather than for an autonomist party that aimed at decreasing central government’s fiscal power in favor of fiscal regional autonomy. In Study 3, Loyalty predicted the intention to vote for the major parliamentarian parties rather than for a movement that aimed at capturing disaffection towards traditional politics. In Study 2, at real regional elections, Loyalty predicted voting intention for the incumbent right-wing governor rather than for the challengers and Fairness predicted voting intention for left-wing extra-parliamentarian political groups rather than for the major left-wing party. Thus multiple moral concerns can be associated with voting intention. In fragmented and unstable electoral contexts, at each election the context of the competing political groups may elicit specific moral concerns that can contribute to affect voting intention beyond ideological orientation. PMID:29358981

  7. 76 FR 67784 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; BATS Y-Exchange, Inc.; Order Approving Proposed Rule Change To...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-02

    ... connection with this reclassification, the Exchange has proposed certain voting rights,\\4\\ transfer... Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (``Act''),\\1\\ and Rule 19b-4 thereunder,\\2\\ a proposed rule change to amend... Exchange Act Release No. 65299 (September 8, 2011), 76 FR 56833 (September 14, 2011) (``Notice''). II...

  8. A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Labor Relations Board relating to representation election procedures.

    THOMAS, 112th Congress

    Sen. Enzi, Michael B. [R-WY

    2012-02-16

    Senate - 04/24/2012 Motion to proceed to consideration of measure rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 45 - 54. Record Vote Number: 68. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  9. Swap Bribery

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Elkind, Edith; Faliszewski, Piotr; Slinko, Arkadii

    In voting theory, bribery is a form of manipulative behavior in which an external actor (the briber) offers to pay the voters to change their votes in order to get her preferred candidate elected. We investigate a model of bribery where the price of each vote depends on the amount of change that the voter is asked to implement. Specifically, in our model the briber can change a voter’s preference list by paying for a sequence of swaps of consecutive candidates. Each swap may have a different price; the price of a bribery is the sum of the prices of all swaps that it involves. We prove complexity results for this model, which we call swap bribery, for a broad class of voting rules, including variants of approval and k-approval, Borda, Copeland, and maximin.

  10. The dynamics of minority opinions in democratic debate

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Galam, Serge

    2004-05-01

    A model for the dynamics of opinion forming in democratic public debate is presented. Using concepts and techniques from the physics of disorder the dynamics of social refusal spreading is studied within a perfect world, where the minority holds neither better arguments nor lobbying backing. The one-person-one-vote rule, together with local majority rules, are used to determine the outcome of local group discussions. In case of a local tie, the group decides on keeping the Status Quo. The geometry of social life shaped by offices, houses, bars, and restaurants is shown to determine the distribution size of these discussion groups. It is found to yield very asymmetric unstable thresholds to the total spreading of one opinion at the benefit of the refusal one. The associated dynamics is rather quick and completed within few days. This democratic paradox of public debate driven majority opinion reversal is discussed in light of some European construction issues. The model may apply to rumor and fear propagation.

  11. A joint resolution disapproving a rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to the endangerment finding and the cause or contribute findings for greenhouse gases under section 202(a) of the Clean Air Act.

    THOMAS, 111th Congress

    Sen. Murkowski, Lisa [R-AK

    2010-01-21

    Senate - 06/10/2010 Motion to proceed to consideration of measure rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 184. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  12. The Legal Struggles to Gain Americans the Right To Vote.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Amamoo, Samia J.

    2000-01-01

    Discusses the major milestones in the battle for voting rights focusing on the 15th, 19th, 24th, and 26th Amendments and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Considers the future role of direct voting, specifically initiatives and referendums, and questions whether initiatives and referendums will encourage voter turnout. (CMK)

  13. AVNM: A Voting based Novel Mathematical Rule for Image Classification.

    PubMed

    Vidyarthi, Ankit; Mittal, Namita

    2016-12-01

    In machine learning, the accuracy of the system depends upon classification result. Classification accuracy plays an imperative role in various domains. Non-parametric classifier like K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) is the most widely used classifier for pattern analysis. Besides its easiness, simplicity and effectiveness characteristics, the main problem associated with KNN classifier is the selection of a number of nearest neighbors i.e. "k" for computation. At present, it is hard to find the optimal value of "k" using any statistical algorithm, which gives perfect accuracy in terms of low misclassification error rate. Motivated by the prescribed problem, a new sample space reduction weighted voting mathematical rule (AVNM) is proposed for classification in machine learning. The proposed AVNM rule is also non-parametric in nature like KNN. AVNM uses the weighted voting mechanism with sample space reduction to learn and examine the predicted class label for unidentified sample. AVNM is free from any initial selection of predefined variable and neighbor selection as found in KNN algorithm. The proposed classifier also reduces the effect of outliers. To verify the performance of the proposed AVNM classifier, experiments are made on 10 standard datasets taken from UCI database and one manually created dataset. The experimental result shows that the proposed AVNM rule outperforms the KNN classifier and its variants. Experimentation results based on confusion matrix accuracy parameter proves higher accuracy value with AVNM rule. The proposed AVNM rule is based on sample space reduction mechanism for identification of an optimal number of nearest neighbor selections. AVNM results in better classification accuracy and minimum error rate as compared with the state-of-art algorithm, KNN, and its variants. The proposed rule automates the selection of nearest neighbor selection and improves classification rate for UCI dataset and manually created dataset. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  14. Polar Codes

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-12-01

    independently has a 10% chance of being flipped. Then the decoder should use the majority vote rule: if y is (0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 1), (0, 1, 0), or (1, 0, 0... tensor power, and BN is a square matrix called the bit-reversal operator. Therefore G−1N = (F ⊗n) −1 B−1N . Section VII.B of [1] shows that B −1 N...BN . 18 Also we see by direct computation that FF = I2. Using the tensor product identity (AC) ⊗ (BD) = (A⊗B)(C⊗D), we get that (F ⊗F )(F ⊗F ) = I2

  15. Phase transition and information cascade in a voting model

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hisakado, M.; Mori, S.

    2010-08-01

    In this paper, we introduce a voting model that is similar to a Keynesian beauty contest and analyse it from a mathematical point of view. There are two types of voters—copycat and independent—and two candidates. Our voting model is a binomial distribution (independent voters) doped in a beta binomial distribution (copycat voters). We find that the phase transition in this system is at the upper limit of t, where t is the time (or the number of the votes). Our model contains three phases. If copycats constitute a majority or even half of the total voters, the voting rate converges more slowly than it would in a binomial distribution. If independents constitute the majority of voters, the voting rate converges at the same rate as it would in a binomial distribution. We also study why it is difficult to estimate the conclusion of a Keynesian beauty contest when there is an information cascade.

  16. 77 FR 3829 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Order Granting Accelerated...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-25

    ... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. 34-66192; File No. SR-NYSEArca-2012-02] Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Order Granting Accelerated Approval of a Proposed Rule Amendments to NYSE Arca Rule 9.4 and NYSE Equities Inc. Rules 5.3(d) and 9.4 Relating to Discretionary Proxy Voting on Executive...

  17. The Political Gender Gap: Gender Bias in Facial Inferences that Predict Voting Behavior

    PubMed Central

    Chiao, Joan Y.; Bowman, Nicholas E.; Gill, Harleen

    2008-01-01

    Background Throughout human history, a disproportionate degree of political power around the world has been held by men. Even in democracies where the opportunity to serve in top political positions is available to any individual elected by the majority of their constituents, most of the highest political offices are occupied by male leaders. What psychological factors underlie this political gender gap? Contrary to the notion that people use deliberate, rational strategies when deciding whom to vote for in major political elections, research indicates that people use shallow decision heuristics, such as impressions of competence solely from a candidate's facial appearance, when deciding whom to vote for. Because gender has previously been shown to affect a number of inferences made from the face, here we investigated the hypothesis that gender of both voter and candidate affects the kinds of facial impressions that predict voting behavior. Methodology/Principal Finding Male and female voters judged a series of male and female political candidates on how competent, dominant, attractive and approachable they seemed based on their facial appearance. Then they saw a series of pairs of political candidates and decided which politician they would vote for in a hypothetical election for President of the United States. Results indicate that both gender of voter and candidate affect the kinds of facial impressions that predict voting behavior. All voters are likely to vote for candidates who appear more competent. However, male candidates that appear more approachable and female candidates who appear more attractive are more likely to win votes. In particular, men are more likely to vote for attractive female candidates whereas women are more likely to vote for approachable male candidates. Conclusions/Significance Here we reveal gender biases in the intuitive heuristics that voters use when deciding whom to vote for in major political elections. Our findings underscore the impact of gender and physical appearance on shaping voter decision-making and provide novel insight into the psychological foundations underlying the political gender gap. PMID:18974841

  18. The political gender gap: gender bias in facial inferences that predict voting behavior.

    PubMed

    Chiao, Joan Y; Bowman, Nicholas E; Gill, Harleen

    2008-01-01

    Throughout human history, a disproportionate degree of political power around the world has been held by men. Even in democracies where the opportunity to serve in top political positions is available to any individual elected by the majority of their constituents, most of the highest political offices are occupied by male leaders. What psychological factors underlie this political gender gap? Contrary to the notion that people use deliberate, rational strategies when deciding whom to vote for in major political elections, research indicates that people use shallow decision heuristics, such as impressions of competence solely from a candidate's facial appearance, when deciding whom to vote for. Because gender has previously been shown to affect a number of inferences made from the face, here we investigated the hypothesis that gender of both voter and candidate affects the kinds of facial impressions that predict voting behavior. Male and female voters judged a series of male and female political candidates on how competent, dominant, attractive and approachable they seemed based on their facial appearance. Then they saw a series of pairs of political candidates and decided which politician they would vote for in a hypothetical election for President of the United States. Results indicate that both gender of voter and candidate affect the kinds of facial impressions that predict voting behavior. All voters are likely to vote for candidates who appear more competent. However, male candidates that appear more approachable and female candidates who appear more attractive are more likely to win votes. In particular, men are more likely to vote for attractive female candidates whereas women are more likely to vote for approachable male candidates. Here we reveal gender biases in the intuitive heuristics that voters use when deciding whom to vote for in major political elections. Our findings underscore the impact of gender and physical appearance on shaping voter decision-making and provide novel insight into the psychological foundations underlying the political gender gap.

  19. Majority-voted logic fail-sense circuit

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mclyman, W. T.

    1977-01-01

    Fail-sense circuit has majority-voted logic component which receives three error voltage signals that are sensed at single point by three error amplifiers. If transistor shorts, only one signal is required to operate; if transistor opens, two signals are required.

  20. ByLaws for the Governance of the Sandia National Laboratories Sandia Postdoctoral Development (SPD) Association.

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    McBride, Amber Alane Fisher; Rodgers, Theron; Dong, Wen

    The purpose of this document is to define the rules of governance for the Sandia Postdoctoral Development (SPD) Association. This includes election procedures for filling vacancies on the SPD board, an all-purpose voting procedure, and definitions for the roles and responsibilities of each SPD board member. The voting procedures can also be used to amend the by-laws, as well as to create, dissolve, or consolidate vacant SPD board positions.

  1. Blood Versus Land: The Comparative Foundations for Citizenship and Voting Rights in Germany and Sweden

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-03-01

    the political process. This thesis will examine how two major immigrant destination states within the European Union extend voting rights to...PAGES 77 14. SUBJECT TERMS Germany, Sweden, European Union , Voting rights, Franchise, Citizenship, Immigration, Immigrant, Migration, Nationalism 16...within the European Union extend voting rights to immigrants from outside the EU. These will be Germany and Sweden. The thesis concludes that the

  2. 12 CFR 552.6 - Shareholders.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... shareholders of the association for the election of directors and for the transaction of any other business of... directors may perform such acts as required by paragraphs (a) and (b) of Rule 14a-7 of the General Rules and... law or the charter. Directors, however, are elected by a plurality of the votes cast at an election of...

  3. 75 FR 53725 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX PHLX, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-01

    ... Rule Amendment to Rule 862 Relating to, Among Other Things, Eliminate Broker Discretionary Voting for All Elections of Directors, Except for Companies Registered Under the Investment Company Act of 1940 August 26, 2010. Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (``Act''),\\1\\ and...

  4. 17 CFR 270.23c-3 - Repurchase offers by closed-end companies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... a repurchase offer, or after a shareholder vote adopting the fundamental policy specifying a company... pursuant to a fundamental policy, changeable only by a majority vote of the outstanding voting securities... management by the investment adviser, the company's board of directors shall adopt written procedures...

  5. Distribution of Votes and a Model of Political Opinion Formation for Majority Elections

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Prenga, Dode; Ifti, Margarita

    We study the behavior of the number of votes cast for different electoral subjects in majority elections, and in particular, the Albanian elections of the last 10 years, as well as the British, Russian, and Canadian elections. We report the frequency of obtaining a certain percentage (fraction) of votes versus this fraction for the parliamentary elections. In the distribution of votes cast in majority elections we identify two regimes. In the low percentiles we see a power law distribution, with exponent about -1.7. In the power law regime we find over 80% of the data points, while they relate to 20% of the votes cast. Votes of the small electoral subjects are found in this regime. The other regime includes percentiles above 20%, and has Gaussian distribution. It corresponds to large electoral subjects. A similar pattern is observed in other first past the post (FPP) elections, such as British and Canadian, but here the Gaussian is reduced to an exponential. Finally we show that this distribution can not be reproduced by a modified "word of mouth" model of opinion formation. This behavior can be reproduced by a model that comprises different number of zealots, as well as different campaign strengths for different electoral subjects, in presence of preferential attachment of voters to candidates.

  6. Improving Remote Voting Security with CodeVoting

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Joaquim, Rui; Ribeiro, Carlos; Ferreira, Paulo

    One of the major problems that prevents the spread of elections with the possibility of remote voting over electronic networks, also called Internet Voting, is the use of unreliable client platforms, such as the voter's computer and the Internet infrastructure connecting it to the election server. A computer connected to the Internet is exposed to viruses, worms, Trojans, spyware, malware and other threats that can compromise the election's integrity. For instance, it is possible to write a virus that changes the voter's vote to a predetermined vote on election's day. Another possible attack is the creation of a fake election web site where the voter uses a malicious vote program on the web site that manipulates the voter's vote (phishing/pharming attack). Such attacks may not disturb the election protocol, therefore can remain undetected in the eyes of the election auditors.

  7. Why Voters Turn Out for Tax Limitation Votes.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gramlich, Edward M.; And Others

    1981-01-01

    A survey following a 1978 Michigan tax-limitation election indicates that tax-limit supporters were far more likely to vote than were opponents. This supports the "alienation" hypothesis that voters who differ from the majority will be less likely to vote. Available from Executive Director, NTA-TIA, 21 East State Street, Columbus, OH…

  8. 22 CFR 1300.5 - Quorum and voting requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Quorum and voting requirements. 1300.5 Section 1300.5 Foreign Relations MILLENNIUM CHALLENGE CORPORATION ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONS OF THE MILLENNIUM CHALLENGE CORPORATION § 1300.5 Quorum and voting requirements. (a) Quorum requirements. A majority of the members of the Board shall constitute a...

  9. 45 CFR 614.7 - Record vote.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION GOVERNMENT IN THE SUNSHINE ACT REGULATIONS OF THE NATIONAL SCIENCE BOARD § 614.7 Record vote. (a) For purposes of this part a vote of the National Science Board is a “record vote” if: (1) It carries by a majority of all those holding office as...

  10. 45 CFR 614.7 - Record vote.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION GOVERNMENT IN THE SUNSHINE ACT REGULATIONS OF THE NATIONAL SCIENCE BOARD § 614.7 Record vote. (a) For purposes of this part a vote of the National Science Board is a “record vote” if: (1) It carries by a majority of all those holding office as...

  11. 45 CFR 614.7 - Record vote.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION GOVERNMENT IN THE SUNSHINE ACT REGULATIONS OF THE NATIONAL SCIENCE BOARD § 614.7 Record vote. (a) For purposes of this part a vote of the National Science Board is a “record vote” if: (1) It carries by a majority of all those holding office as...

  12. 45 CFR 614.7 - Record vote.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION GOVERNMENT IN THE SUNSHINE ACT REGULATIONS OF THE NATIONAL SCIENCE BOARD § 614.7 Record vote. (a) For purposes of this part a vote of the National Science Board is a “record vote” if: (1) It carries by a majority of all those holding office as...

  13. 45 CFR 614.7 - Record vote.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION GOVERNMENT IN THE SUNSHINE ACT REGULATIONS OF THE NATIONAL SCIENCE BOARD § 614.7 Record vote. (a) For purposes of this part a vote of the National Science Board is a “record vote” if: (1) It carries by a majority of all those holding office as...

  14. Bag the gag rule. Poll indicates most Americans think global gag rule is wrong.

    PubMed

    Ernst, J; Farmer, A

    2000-09-01

    According to studies conducted by the Rand Corporation and the District of Columbia-based Center for Development and Population Activities, conservative and liberal Americans alike overwhelmingly support foreign assistance to international family planning programs. In addition, the 1998 poll shows that 92% of Americans believe that couples have the right to family planning, and a slight majority support government funding of legal overseas abortion services. Despite such evidence, members of the House Representative voted to restrict foreign family planning organizations that receive federal money from using their own non-US funds to provide abortion services overseas. To this effect, foreign family planning organizations and other concerned agencies argued that such a restriction undermines the objectives of the US and effectively denies access to desperately needed support to millions of women worldwide. In particular, organizations like the Center for Reproductive Law and Policy are lobbying lawmakers to strike the gag rule language from the final appropriations bill that will reach US President Clinton's desk, as well as to increase family planning funding levels. However, Clinton has indicated a veto if congress does pass gag rule legislation for the second year in a row.

  15. 76 FR 6167 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; New York Stock Exchange LLC; Order Approving Proposed Rule Change...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-03

    ... Amendment No. 1, in Connection With the Proposal of NYSE Euronext To Eliminate the Requirement of an 80... Bylaws to eliminate the requirement that the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than 80% of the... that the proposed rule change to amend the Corporation's Bylaws to eliminate the 80% supermajority...

  16. 75 FR 66621 - Reporting of Proxy Votes on Executive Compensation and Other Matters

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-28

    ... rule and form amendments under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of... and the Investment Company Act of 1940 (``Investment Company Act'').\\3\\ The Commission is also proposing a technical amendment to rule 30b1-4 under the Investment Company Act.\\4\\ \\1\\ 15 U.S.C. 78a et seq...

  17. 12 CFR 912.6 - Notice of meetings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Finance Board will publish the notice in the Federal Register. (c) Time—(1) Seven days notice. Except as.... When a majority of the Board of Directors determine by recorded vote that Finance Board business... least a majority of the Board Directors determines by recorded vote that Finance Board business so...

  18. The Corner

    Treesearch

    David Giblin; Daniel C Dey; Dick Burhans; John Kabrick; Brian Root; Jennifer Grabner; Mike Gold

    2001-01-01

    This past March the membership was asked for the first time ever to vote on an advocacy issue instance the issue was a petition initiated by the California Native Plant Society supporting the equal protection of plants under the Federal Endangered Species Act. A total of 34 votes were cast, with an overwhelming majority of the votes in favor of MOSCB becoming a...

  19. 75 FR 81692 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change Relating...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-28

    ... instrumentalities, or purchase more than 10% of the voting securities of any one issuer, with respect to 75% of the... in, or are secured by and payable from, mortgage loans on real property. The ETF will not purchase... unregistered securities, including Rule 144A securities, that are purchased directly from the issuer or in the...

  20. 76 FR 69783 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; C2 Options Exchange, Incorporated; Notice of Proposed Rule Change...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-09

    ... Directors, which C2 believes will provide it, the Nominating and Governance Committee and the Representative... instructions to Form 19b-4, the Exchange noted in Item 2 of its filing that it needed to obtain, but had not..., and Voting Agreement changes set forth in this proposed rule change. The Exchange also noted that it...

  1. 39 CFR 6.6 - Quorum and voting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 39 Postal Service 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Quorum and voting. 6.6 Section 6.6 Postal Service UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE U.S. POSTAL SERVICE MEETINGS (ARTICLE VI) § 6.6 Quorum and voting. As provided by 39 U.S.C. 205(c), the Board acts by resolution upon a majority...

  2. Weekend Voting Act

    THOMAS, 111th Congress

    Sen. Kohl, Herb [D-WI

    2009-01-06

    Senate - 01/06/2009 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Rules and Administration. (text of measure as introduced: CR S135-136) (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  3. Universality in voting behavior: an empirical analysis

    PubMed Central

    Chatterjee, Arnab; Mitrović, Marija; Fortunato, Santo

    2013-01-01

    Election data represent a precious source of information to study human behavior at a large scale. In proportional elections with open lists, the number of votes received by a candidate, rescaled by the average performance of all competitors in the same party list, has the same distribution regardless of the country and the year of the election. Here we provide the first thorough assessment of this claim. We analyzed election datasets of 15 countries with proportional systems. We confirm that a class of nations with similar election rules fulfill the universality claim. Discrepancies from this trend in other countries with open-lists elections are always associated with peculiar differences in the election rules, which matter more than differences between countries and historical periods. Our analysis shows that the role of parties in the electoral performance of candidates is crucial: alternative scalings not taking into account party affiliations lead to poor results. PMID:23308342

  4. Quantum anonymous voting with unweighted continuous-variable graph states

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Guo, Ying; Feng, Yanyan; Zeng, Guihua

    2016-08-01

    Motivated by the revealing topological structures of continuous-variable graph state (CVGS), we investigate the design of quantum voting scheme, which has serious advantages over the conventional ones in terms of efficiency and graphicness. Three phases are included, i.e., the preparing phase, the voting phase and the counting phase, together with three parties, i.e., the voters, the tallyman and the ballot agency. Two major voting operations are performed on the yielded CVGS in the voting process, namely the local rotation transformation and the displacement operation. The voting information is carried by the CVGS established before hand, whose persistent entanglement is deployed to keep the privacy of votes and the anonymity of legal voters. For practical applications, two CVGS-based quantum ballots, i.e., comparative ballot and anonymous survey, are specially designed, followed by the extended ballot schemes for the binary-valued and multi-valued ballots under some constraints for the voting design. Security is ensured by entanglement of the CVGS, the voting operations and the laws of quantum mechanics. The proposed schemes can be implemented using the standard off-the-shelf components when compared to discrete-variable quantum voting schemes attributing to the characteristics of the CV-based quantum cryptography.

  5. Revisiting financial conflicts of interest in FDA advisory committees.

    PubMed

    Pham-Kanter, Genevieve

    2014-09-01

    The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Safety and Innovation Act has recently relaxed conflict-of-interest rules for FDA advisory committee members, but concerns remain about the influence of members' financial relationships on the FDA's drug approval process. Using a large newly available data set, this study carefully examined the relationship between the financial interests of FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) advisory committee members and whether members voted in a way favorable to these interests. The study used a data set of voting behavior and reported financial interests of 1,379 FDA advisory committee members who voted in CDER committee meetings that were convened during the 15-year period of 1997-2011. Data on 1,168 questions and 15,739 question-votes from 379 meetings were used in the analyses. Multivariable logit models were used to estimate the relationship between committee members' financial interests and their voting behavior. Individuals with financial interests solely in the sponsoring firm were more likely to vote in favor of the sponsor than members with no financial ties (OR = 1.49, p = 0.03). Members with interests in both the sponsoring firm and its competitors were no more likely to vote in favor of the sponsor than those with no financial ties to any potentially affected firm (OR = 1.16, p = 0.48). Members who served on advisory boards solely for the sponsor were significantly more likely to vote in favor of the sponsor (OR = 4.97, p = 0.005). There appears to be a pro-sponsor voting bias among advisory committee members who have exclusive financial relationships with the sponsoring firm but not among members who have nonexclusive financial relationships (ie, those with ties to both the sponsor and its competitors). These findings point to important heterogeneities in financial ties and suggest that policymakers will need to be nuanced in their management of financial relationships of FDA advisory committee members. © 2014 Milbank Memorial Fund.

  6. Statistical mechanics model for the emergence of consensus

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Raffaelli, Giacomo; Marsili, Matteo

    2005-07-01

    The statistical properties of pairwise majority voting over S alternatives are analyzed in an infinite random population. We first compute the probability that the majority is transitive (i.e., that if it prefers A to B to C , then it prefers A to C ) and then study the case of an interacting population. This is described by a constrained multicomponent random field Ising model whose ferromagnetic phase describes the emergence of a strong transitive majority. We derive the phase diagram, which is characterized by a tricritical point and show that, contrary to intuition, it may be more likely for an interacting population to reach consensus on a number S of alternatives when S increases. This effect is due to the constraint imposed by transitivity on voting behavior. Indeed if agents are allowed to express nontransitive votes, the agents’ interaction may decrease considerably the probability of a transitive majority.

  7. 75 FR 30457 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.; Notice of Filing of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-01

    ... requirements for a meeting of FINRA members, in anticipation of amendments to the General Corporation Law of... vote by classes or groups is required. FINRA is proposing this rule change in anticipation of...

  8. 77 FR 12845 - Announcement of Requirements and Registration for Surgeon General's (SG) Youth Video Contest

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-02

    ... YouTube playlist throughout the contest. CDC also reserves the right to make all submitted videos... based on the contest rules prior to being transferred to CDC's YouTube channel for public voting...

  9. An OMIC biomarker detection algorithm TriVote and its application in methylomic biomarker detection.

    PubMed

    Xu, Cheng; Liu, Jiamei; Yang, Weifeng; Shu, Yayun; Wei, Zhipeng; Zheng, Weiwei; Feng, Xin; Zhou, Fengfeng

    2018-04-01

    Transcriptomic and methylomic patterns represent two major OMIC data sources impacted by both inheritable genetic information and environmental factors, and have been widely used as disease diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers. Modern transcriptomic and methylomic profiling technologies detect the status of tens of thousands or even millions of probing residues in the human genome, and introduce a major computational challenge for the existing feature selection algorithms. This study proposes a three-step feature selection algorithm, TriVote, to detect a subset of transcriptomic or methylomic residues with highly accurate binary classification performance. TriVote outperforms both filter and wrapper feature selection algorithms with both higher classification accuracy and smaller feature number on 17 transcriptomes and two methylomes. Biological functions of the methylome biomarkers detected by TriVote were discussed for their disease associations. An easy-to-use Python package is also released to facilitate the further applications.

  10. Digital herders and phase transition in a voting model

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hisakado, M.; Mori, S.

    2011-07-01

    In this paper, we discuss a voting model with two candidates, C1 and C2. We set two types of voters—herders and independents. The voting of independent voters is based on their fundamental values; on the other hand, the voting of herders is based on the number of votes. Herders always select the majority of the previous r votes, which are visible to them. We call them digital herders. We can accurately calculate the distribution of votes for special cases. When r >= 3, we find that a phase transition occurs at the upper limit of t, where t is the discrete time (or number of votes). As the fraction of herders increases, the model features a phase transition beyond which a state where most voters make the correct choice coexists with one where most of them are wrong. On the other hand, when r < 3, there is no phase transition. In this case, the herders' performance is the same as that of the independent voters. Finally, we recognize the behavior of human beings by conducting simple experiments.

  11. 75 FR 18725 - Organization; Eligibility and Scope of Financing; Funding and Fiscal Affairs, Loan Policies and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-12

    ...The Farm Credit Administration (FCA or we) issues this final rule on Farm Credit System (System) bank and association director elections and other voting procedures. The final rule clarifies director election processes and updates FCA regulations to incorporate interpretations made through bookletters to System institutions. It also consolidates general election procedures, clarifies the role of nominating committees, enhances eligibility and disclosure requirements for director candidates, and improves annual meeting information statement instructions. The final rule also adds new regulations on floor nominations and meetings of stockholders. We expect this final rule will increase stockholder participation, enhance impartiality, and strengthen disclosures in director elections.

  12. Partial inertia induces additional phase transition in the majority vote model.

    PubMed

    Harunari, Pedro E; de Oliveira, M M; Fiore, C E

    2017-10-01

    Explosive (i.e., discontinuous) transitions have aroused great interest by manifesting in distinct systems, such as synchronization in coupled oscillators, percolation regime, absorbing phase transitions, and more recently, the majority-vote model with inertia. In the latter, the model rules are slightly modified by the inclusion of a term depending on the local spin (an inertial term). In such a case, Chen et al. [Phys Rev. E 95, 042304 (2017)2470-004510.1103/PhysRevE.95.042304] have found that relevant inertia changes the nature of the phase transition in complex networks, from continuous to discontinuous. Here we give a further step by embedding inertia only in vertices with degree larger than a threshold value 〈k〉k^{*}, 〈k〉 being the mean system degree and k^{*} the fraction restriction. Our results, from mean-field analysis and extensive numerical simulations, reveal that an explosive transition is presented in both homogeneous and heterogeneous structures for small and intermediate k^{*}'s. Otherwise, a large restriction can sustain a discontinuous transition only in the heterogeneous case. This shares some similarities with recent results for the Kuramoto model [Phys. Rev. E 91, 022818 (2015)PLEEE81539-375510.1103/PhysRevE.91.022818]. Surprisingly, intermediate restriction and large inertia are responsible for the emergence of an extra phase, in which the system is partially synchronized and the classification of phase transition depends on the inertia and the lattice topology. In this case, the system exhibits two phase transitions.

  13. 77 FR 3172 - Compensation, Retirement Programs, and Related Benefits

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-23

    ... are actively reviewing the authority of the Funding Corporation's System Audit Committee (SAC) to have... Credit System (System) bank and association disclosures to shareholders and investors. The proposed rule... require that System banks and associations provide for a nonbinding, advisory vote on senior officer...

  14. Phase transition to a two-peak phase in an information-cascade voting experiment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mori, Shintaro; Hisakado, Masato; Takahashi, Taiki

    2012-08-01

    Observational learning is an important information aggregation mechanism. However, it occasionally leads to a state in which an entire population chooses a suboptimal option. When this occurs and whether it is a phase transition remain unanswered. To address these questions we perform a voting experiment in which subjects answer a two-choice quiz sequentially with and without information about the prior subjects’ choices. The subjects who could copy others are called herders. We obtain a microscopic rule regarding how herders copy others. Varying the ratio of herders leads to qualitative changes in the macroscopic behavior of about 50 subjects in the experiment. If the ratio is small, the sequence of choices rapidly converges to the correct one. As the ratio approaches 100%, convergence becomes extremely slow and information aggregation almost terminates. A simulation study of a stochastic model for 106 subjects based on the herder’s microscopic rule shows a phase transition to the two-peak phase, where the convergence completely terminates as the ratio exceeds some critical value.

  15. An algorithm for optimal fusion of atlases with different labeling protocols

    PubMed Central

    Iglesias, Juan Eugenio; Sabuncu, Mert Rory; Aganj, Iman; Bhatt, Priyanka; Casillas, Christen; Salat, David; Boxer, Adam; Fischl, Bruce; Van Leemput, Koen

    2014-01-01

    In this paper we present a novel label fusion algorithm suited for scenarios in which different manual delineation protocols with potentially disparate structures have been used to annotate the training scans (hereafter referred to as “atlases”). Such scenarios arise when atlases have missing structures, when they have been labeled with different levels of detail, or when they have been taken from different heterogeneous databases. The proposed algorithm can be used to automatically label a novel scan with any of the protocols from the training data. Further, it enables us to generate new labels that are not present in any delineation protocol by defining intersections on the underling labels. We first use probabilistic models of label fusion to generalize three popular label fusion techniques to the multi-protocol setting: majority voting, semi-locally weighted voting and STAPLE. Then, we identify some shortcomings of the generalized methods, namely the inability to produce meaningful posterior probabilities for the different labels (majority voting, semi-locally weighted voting) and to exploit the similarities between the atlases (all three methods). Finally, we propose a novel generative label fusion model that can overcome these drawbacks. We use the proposed method to combine four brain MRI datasets labeled with different protocols (with a total of 102 unique labeled structures) to produce segmentations of 148 brain regions. Using cross-validation, we show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the generalizations of majority voting, semi-locally weighted voting and STAPLE (mean Dice score 83%, vs. 77%, 80% and 79%, respectively). We also evaluated the proposed algorithm in an aging study, successfully reproducing some well-known results in cortical and subcortical structures. PMID:25463466

  16. Between Order and Disorder: A ‘Weak Law’ on Recent Electoral Behavior among Urban Voters?

    PubMed Central

    Borghesi, Christian; Chiche, Jean; Nadal, Jean-Pierre

    2012-01-01

    A new viewpoint on electoral involvement is proposed from the study of the statistics of the proportions of abstentionists, blank and null, and votes according to list of choices, in a large number of national elections in different countries. Considering 11 countries without compulsory voting (Austria, Canada, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Poland, Romania, Spain, and Switzerland), a stylized fact emerges for the most populated cities when one computes the entropy associated to the three ratios, which we call the entropy of civic involvement of the electorate. The distribution of this entropy (over all elections and countries) appears to be sharply peaked near a common value. This almost common value is typically shared since the 1970s by electorates of the most populated municipalities, and this despite the wide disparities between voting systems and types of elections. Performing different statistical analyses, we notably show that this stylized fact reveals particular correlations between the blank/null votes and abstentionists ratios. We suggest that the existence of this hidden regularity, which we propose to coin as a ‘weak law on recent electoral behavior among urban voters’, reveals an emerging collective behavioral norm characteristic of urban citizen voting behavior in modern democracies. Analyzing exceptions to the rule provides insights into the conditions under which this normative behavior can be expected to occur. PMID:22848365

  17. Between order and disorder: a 'weak law' on recent electoral behavior among urban voters?

    PubMed

    Borghesi, Christian; Chiche, Jean; Nadal, Jean-Pierre

    2012-01-01

    A new viewpoint on electoral involvement is proposed from the study of the statistics of the proportions of abstentionists, blank and null, and votes according to list of choices, in a large number of national elections in different countries. Considering 11 countries without compulsory voting (Austria, Canada, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Poland, Romania, Spain, and Switzerland), a stylized fact emerges for the most populated cities when one computes the entropy associated to the three ratios, which we call the entropy of civic involvement of the electorate. The distribution of this entropy (over all elections and countries) appears to be sharply peaked near a common value. This almost common value is typically shared since the 1970s by electorates of the most populated municipalities, and this despite the wide disparities between voting systems and types of elections. Performing different statistical analyses, we notably show that this stylized fact reveals particular correlations between the blank/null votes and abstentionists ratios. We suggest that the existence of this hidden regularity, which we propose to coin as a 'weak law on recent electoral behavior among urban voters', reveals an emerging collective behavioral norm characteristic of urban citizen voting behavior in modern democracies. Analyzing exceptions to the rule provides insights into the conditions under which this normative behavior can be expected to occur.

  18. Statistical Mechanics of the US Supreme Court

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lee, Edward D.; Broedersz, Chase P.; Bialek, William

    2015-07-01

    We build simple models for the distribution of voting patterns in a group, using the Supreme Court of the United States as an example. The maximum entropy model consistent with the observed pairwise correlations among justices' votes, an Ising spin glass, agrees quantitatively with the data. While all correlations (perhaps surprisingly) are positive, the effective pairwise interactions in the spin glass model have both signs, recovering the intuition that ideologically opposite justices negatively influence each another. Despite the competing interactions, a strong tendency toward unanimity emerges from the model, organizing the voting patterns in a relatively simple "energy landscape." Besides unanimity, other energy minima in this landscape, or maxima in probability, correspond to prototypical voting states, such as the ideological split or a tightly correlated, conservative core. The model correctly predicts the correlation of justices with the majority and gives us a measure of their influence on the majority decision. These results suggest that simple models, grounded in statistical physics, can capture essential features of collective decision making quantitatively, even in a complex political context.

  19. Majority-Vote Model on Opinion-Dependent Network

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lima, F. W. S.

    2013-09-01

    We study a nonequilibrium model with up-down symmetry and a noise parameter q known as majority-vote model (MVM) of Oliveira 1992 on opinion-dependent network or Stauffer-Hohnisch-Pittnauer (SHP) networks. By Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and finite-size scaling relations the critical exponents β/ν, γ/ν and 1/ν and points qc and U* are obtained. After extensive simulations, we obtain β/ν = 0.230(3), γ/ν = 0.535(2) and 1/ν = 0.475(8). The calculated values of the critical noise parameter and Binder cumulant are qc = 0.166(3) and U* = 0.288(3). Within the error bars, the exponents obey the relation 2β/ν + γ/ν = 1 and the results presented here demonstrate that the MVM belongs to a different universality class than the equilibrium Ising model on SHP networks, but to the same class as majority-vote models on some other networks.

  20. Supporting the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution, the right to counsel.

    THOMAS, 113th Congress

    Rep. Deutch, Theodore E. [D-FL-21

    2013-05-03

    House - 11/13/2013 On motion to suspend the rules and agree to the resolution, as amended Agreed to by voice vote. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status Agreed to in HouseHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  1. Improving Citizenship Education: Elementary Handbook.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jackson, Edwin L., Ed.

    Designed to enrich social studies education at the elementary level, this manual provides teaching strategies and citizenship units for kindergarten through grade 7. Kindergarten students learn about rules, voting, interdependence, wants vs. needs, environmental protection, homes and backgrounds, and goods and services. Grades 1 and 2 focus on the…

  2. 76 FR 16461 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-23

    ... Regulation S-X focus on the form and content of, and requirements for, financial statements filed with... financial statements to make informed investment and voting decisions. The potential respondents include all... statements when those financial statements are required to be filed by other rules and forms under the...

  3. A resolution to permit the Senate to avoid unnecessary delay and vote on matters for which floor debate has ceased.

    THOMAS, 113th Congress

    Sen. Lautenberg, Frank R. [D-NJ

    2013-01-03

    Senate - 01/03/2013 Submitted in the Senate. Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under Over, Under the Rule. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  4. Top five medical innovations in China mainland since Xinhai revolution [1911]: results of AME survey-002

    PubMed Central

    Xiao, Fan

    2015-01-01

    Objective This survey aims to scrutinize important medical innovations in Chinese mainland since Xinhai (Hsin-hai) revolution in 1911, which marked the end of Manchurian imperial rule and the beginning of China’s republican era. Methods An online cross-sectional survey was carried out during the period of Dec 29, 2014 to Feb 5, 2015, totaling 37 days. The survey was conducted on the platform provided by DXY (www.dxy.cn), which is the largest medical and paramedical related website in China. An email was sent to all DXY registered users to invite them to participate in a 5-minute survey. The participants were asked to nominate up to four important medical innovations in China mainland since Xinhai revolution. The participant could select ‘zero’ which means he/she felt there was no important medical innovations, or he/she did not know important medical innovations. It was noted that important medical innovations refer to (I) those with practical and almost immediate significance to improve healthcare; (II) should not only be introducing western technique to China, but those involve major improvement of existing western techniques count; (III) should not be those with important theoretical discovery but did not have almost immediate significance to improve healthcare. Results In total 1,513 DXY users participated in the voting. Totally 489 (32.3%), 441 (29.1%), 342 (22.6%), 150 (9.9%), 91 (6.0%) participants provided 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 nominations respectively. (I) Artemisine (Qinghaosu) for malaria treatment (Project 523 team, 1972); (II) arsenic Trioxide (As2O3) for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) treatment (ZHANG Ting-Dong and colleagues, 1970s); (III) limb re-plantation (CHEN Zhong-Wei and colleagues, 1963); (IV) all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) for APL treatment (WANG Zhen-Yi and colleagues, 1988); and (V) Wu’s mask for plague prevention (WU Lien-The, 1910), were voted as the top five innovations in China mainland since Xinhai revolution, with 375, 96, 91, 53, and 8 votes respectively. Conclusions In this voting exercise, five achievements were voted as top innovations in China mainland since Xinhai revolution. However, only ATRA for APL treatment was accomplished after the ending of Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in year 1976 in China. PMID:26029648

  5. Top five medical innovations in China mainland since Xinhai revolution [1911]: results of AME survey-002.

    PubMed

    Wáng, Yì-Xiáng J; Xiao, Fan

    2015-06-01

    This survey aims to scrutinize important medical innovations in Chinese mainland since Xinhai (Hsin-hai) revolution in 1911, which marked the end of Manchurian imperial rule and the beginning of China's republican era. An online cross-sectional survey was carried out during the period of Dec 29, 2014 to Feb 5, 2015, totaling 37 days. The survey was conducted on the platform provided by DXY (www.dxy.cn), which is the largest medical and paramedical related website in China. An email was sent to all DXY registered users to invite them to participate in a 5-minute survey. The participants were asked to nominate up to four important medical innovations in China mainland since Xinhai revolution. The participant could select 'zero' which means he/she felt there was no important medical innovations, or he/she did not know important medical innovations. It was noted that important medical innovations refer to (I) those with practical and almost immediate significance to improve healthcare; (II) should not only be introducing western technique to China, but those involve major improvement of existing western techniques count; (III) should not be those with important theoretical discovery but did not have almost immediate significance to improve healthcare. In total 1,513 DXY users participated in the voting. Totally 489 (32.3%), 441 (29.1%), 342 (22.6%), 150 (9.9%), 91 (6.0%) participants provided 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 nominations respectively. (I) Artemisine (Qinghaosu) for malaria treatment (Project 523 team, 1972); (II) arsenic Trioxide (As2O3) for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) treatment (ZHANG Ting-Dong and colleagues, 1970s); (III) limb re-plantation (CHEN Zhong-Wei and colleagues, 1963); (IV) all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) for APL treatment (WANG Zhen-Yi and colleagues, 1988); and (V) Wu's mask for plague prevention (WU Lien-The, 1910), were voted as the top five innovations in China mainland since Xinhai revolution, with 375, 96, 91, 53, and 8 votes respectively. In this voting exercise, five achievements were voted as top innovations in China mainland since Xinhai revolution. However, only ATRA for APL treatment was accomplished after the ending of Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in year 1976 in China.

  6. 32 CFR Appendix B to Part 47 - The DoD Civilian/Military Service Review Board and the Advisory Panel

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... break a tie. The board's decision is determined by majority vote. The president and two voting members... only needs to state the reasons why the group is ineligible for consideration under this part. 3. If...

  7. The Afro-American before the Burger Court, 1976-1978: Justice Granted or Justice Denied?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gill, Robert Lewis

    1978-01-01

    Supreme Court rulings during 1976-78 on capital punishment; criminal justice and prisoner rights; busing and school desegregation; discrimination in housing and employment; rights of illegitimates and family relations; abortion, voting rights, tenant landlord relations; and "reverse discrimination" have had a significant impact on Black…

  8. 76 FR 19358 - Sunshine Act Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-07

    ... Corporation's Board of Directors will meet in open session at 10 a.m. on Tuesday, April 12, 2011, to consider.... These matters will be resolved with a single vote unless a member of the Board of Directors requests...: Proposed Rule Reflecting Repeal of Prohibition on Paying Interest on Demand Deposits. Discussion Agenda...

  9. 77 FR 2062 - Sunshine Act Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-13

    ... Corporation's Board of Directors will meet in open session at 10 a.m. on Tuesday, January 17, 2012, to... anticipated. These matters will be resolved with a single vote unless a member of the Board of Directors... Directors' Meetings. Memorandum and resolution re: Final Rule on Resolution Plans Required for Insured...

  10. 76 FR 34230 - Sunshine Act Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-13

    ... Corporation's Board of Directors will meet in open session at 10 a.m. on Tuesday, June 14, 2011, to consider.... These matters will be resolved with a single vote unless a member of the Board of Directors requests... Rule on Risk-Based Capital Standards: Advanced Capital Adequacy Framework--Basel II; Establishment of a...

  11. 76 FR 6134 - Sunshine Act Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-03

    ... Corporation's Board of Directors will meet in open session at 1 p.m. on Monday, February 7, 2011, to consider.... These matters will be resolved with a single vote unless a member of the Board of Directors requests... resolution re: Final Rule on Assessments, Dividends, Assessment Base, and Large Bank Pricing. Memorandum and...

  12. Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability Act of 2012

    THOMAS, 112th Congress

    Rep. McGovern, James P. [D-MA-3

    2012-04-19

    House - 06/07/2012 Ordered to be Reported (Amended) by Voice Vote. (All Actions) Notes: For further action, see H.R.6156, which became Public Law 112-208 on 12/14/2012. Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  13. High School Community Service as a Predictor of Adult Voting and Volunteering

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hart, Daniel; Donnelly, Thomas M.; Youniss, James; Atkins, Robert

    2007-01-01

    The influences of high school community service participation, extracurricular involvement, and civic knowledge on voting and volunteering in early adulthood were examined using the National Educational Longitudinal Study. The major finding in this study is that both voluntary and school-required community service in high school were strong…

  14. 4 CFR 28.116 - Conduct of elections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... collective bargaining agent, or withdraw such a designation; (3) Order a runoff or an additional election, if... runoff election may be held. (i) Runoff election. The Board may order a runoff election where one or more... employees eligible to vote, but none has gained a majority of the votes cast. The runoff election will be...

  15. 25 CFR 81.7 - Adoption, ratification, or revocation by majority vote.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... vote. Except as it may be further limited by this part, a constitution and bylaws, amendments thereto... constitution provides otherwise. The names of persons appearing on the registration list who have not reached... constitution or charter provides otherwise, none of the actions cited in this section shall become effective...

  16. 29 CFR 452.116 - Determining validity of ballots.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... AND DISCLOSURE ACT OF 1959 Election Procedures; Rights of Members § 452.116 Determining validity of ballots. Generally, a labor organization has a right to establish reasonable rules for determining the... intention of the voter. An entire ballot may not be voided because of a mistake made in voting for one of...

  17. Condemning the senseless rampage and mass shooting that took place in Isla Vista, California, on Friday, May 23, 2014.

    THOMAS, 113th Congress

    Rep. Capps, Lois [D-CA-24

    2014-05-30

    House - 06/10/2014 On motion to suspend the rules and agree to the resolution, as amended Agreed to by voice vote. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status Agreed to in HouseHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  18. 78 FR 73189 - Sunshine Act Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-05

    ... Corporation's Board of Directors will meet in open session at 10:00 a.m. on Tuesday, December 10, 2013, to... anticipated. These matters will be resolved with a single vote unless a member of the Board of Directors...-Frank Act, and 12 CFR 360.10. Memorandum and resolution re: Final Rule on the Removal of Transferred...

  19. Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2012

    THOMAS, 112th Congress

    Rep. Mica, John L. [R-FL-7

    2012-03-22

    House - 03/29/2012 On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Failed by voice vote. (All Actions) Notes: For further action, see H.R.6064, which became Public Law 112-140 on 6/29/2012. Tracker: This bill has the status Failed HouseHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  20. 31 CFR 800.304 - Timing rule for convertible voting instruments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... extent that they convey immediate rights to the holder with respect to the governance of the entity that issued the instruments. Example 1. Corporation A, a foreign person, notifies the Committee that it intends to buy common stock and debentures of Corporation X, a U.S. business. By their terms, the...

  1. 31 CFR 800.304 - Timing rule for convertible voting instruments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... extent that they convey immediate rights to the holder with respect to the governance of the entity that issued the instruments. Example 1. Corporation A, a foreign person, notifies the Committee that it intends to buy common stock and debentures of Corporation X, a U.S. business. By their terms, the...

  2. Game Theory and Technical Communication: Interpreting the Texas Two-Step through Harsanyi Transformation

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Williams, Miriam F.

    2012-01-01

    The author uses game theoretical models to identify technical communication breakdowns encountered during the notoriously confusing Texas Two-Step voting and caucusing process. Specifically, the author uses narrative theory and game theory to highlight areas where caucus participants needed instructions to better understand the rules of the game…

  3. Interrater agreement in visual scoring of neonatal seizures based on majority voting on a web-based system: The Neoguard EEG database.

    PubMed

    Dereymaeker, Anneleen; Ansari, Amir H; Jansen, Katrien; Cherian, Perumpillichira J; Vervisch, Jan; Govaert, Paul; De Wispelaere, Leen; Dielman, Charlotte; Matic, Vladimir; Dorado, Alexander Caicedo; De Vos, Maarten; Van Huffel, Sabine; Naulaers, Gunnar

    2017-09-01

    To assess interrater agreement based on majority voting in visual scoring of neonatal seizures. An online platform was designed based on a multicentre seizure EEG-database. Consensus decision based on 'majority voting' and interrater agreement was estimated using Fleiss' Kappa. The influences of different factors on agreement were determined. 1919 Events extracted from 280h EEG of 71 neonates were reviewed by 4 raters. Majority voting was applied to assign a seizure/non-seizure classification. 44% of events were classified with high, 36% with moderate, and 20% with poor agreement, resulting in a Kappa value of 0.39. 68% of events were labelled as seizures, and in 46%, all raters were convinced about electrographic seizures. The most common seizure duration was <30s. Raters agreed best for seizures lasting 60-120s. There was a significant difference in electrographic characteristics of seizures versus dubious events, with seizures having longer duration, higher power and amplitude. There is a wide variability in identifying rhythmic ictal and non-ictal EEG events, and only the most robust ictal patterns are consistently agreed upon. Database composition and electrographic characteristics are important factors that influence interrater agreement. The use of well-described databases and input of different experts will improve neonatal EEG interpretation and help to develop uniform seizure definitions, useful for evidence-based studies of seizure recognition and management. Copyright © 2017 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  4. 'Pro-Family vs. Pro-Woman': Elite-Mass Linkages on Family Issues.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Conover, Pamela Johnston; And Others

    This paper explores single-issue politics by examining voting patterns on abortion and Equal Rights Amendment (E.R.A.) issues. The concept of single-issue politics refers to any issue which generates a significant amount of single-minded voting and/or political behavior. Major objectives of the study were to consider factors which were likely to…

  5. Clinton, Trump In A Tie.

    PubMed

    2016-09-01

    Forty-seven percent of the 432 respondents to our online survey said they plan to vote for Clinton, and the exact same percentage said they intend to vote for Trump. Most respondents thought Trump would do a better job making the system more efficient. A clear majority said that Clinton would do better job limiting cost shifting to consumers.

  6. 78 FR 20971 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX BX, Inc.; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-08

    ... Participants is nominated to the Board as it is no longer needed. \\10\\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No... having been nominated by the Member Nominating Committee or voted upon by Exchange Members pursuant to... Counsel, and Dhawal Sharma, Attorney Advisor, Division of Trading and Markets, Commission, dated March 29...

  7. 17 CFR 240.14a-13 - Obligation of registrants in communicating with beneficial owners.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... knows that securities of any class entitled to vote at a meeting (or by written consents or... class mail or other equally prompt means: (i) Inquire of each such record holder: (A) Whether other...) At such later time as the rules of a national securities exchange on which the class of securities in...

  8. 16 CFR 801.21 - Securities and cash not considered assets when acquired.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Securities and cash not considered assets when acquired. 801.21 Section 801.21 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION RULES, REGULATIONS... regularly prepared balance sheet of “A” referred to in § 801.11—the voting securities of X must be reflected...

  9. 78 FR 26227 - Law Day, U.S.A., 2013

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-03

    ... are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among... founding creed. We honor the courageous men and women who fought to bring those ageless ideals of freedom and fairness into the rule of law--from the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act to Title IX and...

  10. 75 FR 68846 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-09

    ... business combination for which the Company must file and furnish a proxy or information statement subject... combination is being considered. If a shareholder vote on the business combination is held, [(e) Until the... working capital purposes) if the business combination is approved and consummated. A Company may establish...

  11. 17 CFR 240.3b-4 - Definition of “foreign government,” “foreign issuer” and “foreign private issuer”.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... voting securities beneficially owned by residents of the United States as reported on reports of... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definition of âforeign... Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS, SECURITIES...

  12. 17 CFR 270.6c-6 - Exemption for certain registered separate accounts and other persons.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... portfolio company has the same: (i) Investment objectives, (ii) Fundamental policies, and (iii) Voting... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) RULES AND REGULATIONS, INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 § 270.6c... which is, or is a part of, a unit investment trust registered under the Act, engaged in a continuous...

  13. 75 FR 25022 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of Proposed Rule...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-06

    ... NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (``NASDAQ Exchange'') sought Commission approval to adopt these By-Laws changes... following applies to elections of directors and were not amended. Each share of common stock has one vote,\\6... election of directors at which a quorum is present is duly elected to the Board. Under Corporate Governance...

  14. 76 FR 38436 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Amex LLC; Order Approving Proposed Rule Change, as Modified...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-30

    ...% of the preferred non-voting Interests (``Preferred Interests'') and 47.2% of the Common Interests,\\12\\ as Class A Common Interests. The Founding Firms will own the remaining 52.8% of the Common Interests, as Class B Common Interests, and no single Founding Firm (including its affiliates) will own Class B...

  15. 78 FR 78330 - Agenda and Notice of Public Meeting of the New Hampshire Advisory Committee

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-26

    ... to discuss its upcoming briefing meeting on voting rights issues in the Granite state. The meeting... COMMISSION ON CIVIL RIGHTS Agenda and Notice of Public Meeting of the New Hampshire Advisory..., pursuant to the provisions of the rules and regulations of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights (Commission...

  16. 76 FR 65288 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; New York Stock Exchange, LLC; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-20

    ... voting limitations would apply only for so long as NYSE Group directly or indirectly controls any... Germany (``Deutsche B[ouml]rse''). NYSE Euronext owns 100% of the equity interest of NYSE Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation (``NYSE Group''), which in turn directly or indirectly owns (1) 100% of the equity...

  17. 76 FR 65230 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change Relating...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-20

    ... ownership and voting limitations would apply only for so long as NYSE Group directly or indirectly controls... equity interest of NYSE Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation (``NYSE Group''), which in turn directly or... governance documents of Holdco, NYSE Euronext, NYSE Group and certain of the NYSE U.S. Regulated Subsidiaries...

  18. 76 FR 65272 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Amex LLC; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change Relating...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-20

    ... voting limitations would apply only for so long as NYSE Group directly or indirectly controls any... Republic of Germany (``Deutsche B[ouml]rse''). NYSE Euronext owns 100% of the equity interest of NYSE Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation (``NYSE Group''), which in turn directly or indirectly owns (1) 100% of...

  19. Opinion evolution based on cellular automata rules in small world networks

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shi, Xiao-Ming; Shi, Lun; Zhang, Jie-Fang

    2010-03-01

    In this paper, we apply cellular automata rules, which can be given by a truth table, to human memory. We design each memory as a tracking survey mode that keeps the most recent three opinions. Each cellular automata rule, as a personal mechanism, gives the final ruling in one time period based on the data stored in one's memory. The key focus of the paper is to research the evolution of people's attitudes to the same question. Based on a great deal of empirical observations from computer simulations, all the rules can be classified into 20 groups. We highlight the fact that the phenomenon shown by some rules belonging to the same group will be altered within several steps by other rules in different groups. It is truly amazing that, compared with the last hundreds of presidential voting in America, the eras of important events in America's history coincide with the simulation results obtained by our model.

  20. Information cascade on networks

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hisakado, Masato; Mori, Shintaro

    2016-05-01

    In this paper, we discuss a voting model by considering three different kinds of networks: a random graph, the Barabási-Albert (BA) model, and a fitness model. A voting model represents the way in which public perceptions are conveyed to voters. Our voting model is constructed by using two types of voters-herders and independents-and two candidates. Independents conduct voting based on their fundamental values; on the other hand, herders base their voting on the number of previous votes. Hence, herders vote for the majority candidates and obtain information relating to previous votes from their networks. We discuss the difference between the phases on which the networks depend. Two kinds of phase transitions, an information cascade transition and a super-normal transition, were identified. The first of these is a transition between a state in which most voters make the correct choices and a state in which most of them are wrong. The second is a transition of convergence speed. The information cascade transition prevails when herder effects are stronger than the super-normal transition. In the BA and fitness models, the critical point of the information cascade transition is the same as that of the random network model. However, the critical point of the super-normal transition disappears when these two models are used. In conclusion, the influence of networks is shown to only affect the convergence speed and not the information cascade transition. We are therefore able to conclude that the influence of hubs on voters' perceptions is limited.

  1. 29 CFR 1206.1 - Run-off elections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 4 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Run-off elections. 1206.1 Section 1206.1 Labor Regulations... LABOR ACT § 1206.1 Run-off elections. (a) If in an election among any craft or class no organization or individual receives a majority of the legal votes cast, or in the event of a tie vote, a second or run-off...

  2. 29 CFR 1206.1 - Run-off elections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Run-off elections. 1206.1 Section 1206.1 Labor Regulations... LABOR ACT § 1206.1 Run-off elections. (a) If in an election among any craft or class no organization or individual receives a majority of the legal votes cast, or in the event of a tie vote, a second or run-off...

  3. Improved Vote Aggregation Techniques for the Geo-Wiki Cropland Capture Crowdsourcing Game

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Baklanov, Artem; Fritz, Steffen; Khachay, Michael; Nurmukhametov, Oleg; Salk, Carl; See, Linda; Shchepashchenko, Dmitry

    2016-04-01

    Crowdsourcing is a new approach for solving data processing problems for which conventional methods appear to be inaccurate, expensive, or time-consuming. Nowadays, the development of new crowdsourcing techniques is mostly motivated by so called Big Data problems, including problems of assessment and clustering for large datasets obtained in aerospace imaging, remote sensing, and even in social network analysis. By involving volunteers from all over the world, the Geo-Wiki project tackles problems of environmental monitoring with applications to flood resilience, biomass data analysis and classification of land cover. For example, the Cropland Capture Game, which is a gamified version of Geo-Wiki, was developed to aid in the mapping of cultivated land, and was used to gather 4.5 million image classifications from the Earth's surface. More recently, the Picture Pile game, which is a more generalized version of Cropland Capture, aims to identify tree loss over time from pairs of very high resolution satellite images. Despite recent progress in image analysis, the solution to these problems is hard to automate since human experts still outperform the majority of machine learning algorithms and artificial systems in this field on certain image recognition tasks. The replacement of rare and expensive experts by a team of distributed volunteers seems to be promising, but this approach leads to challenging questions such as: how can individual opinions be aggregated optimally, how can confidence bounds be obtained, and how can the unreliability of volunteers be dealt with? In this paper, on the basis of several known machine learning techniques, we propose a technical approach to improve the overall performance of the majority voting decision rule used in the Cropland Capture Game. The proposed approach increases the estimated consistency with expert opinion from 77% to 86%.

  4. Fault detection and multiclassifier fusion for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yan, Weizhong

    2001-03-01

    UAVs demand more accurate fault accommodation for their mission manager and vehicle control system in order to achieve a reliability level that is comparable to that of a pilot aircraft. This paper attempts to apply multi-classifier fusion techniques to achieve the necessary performance of the fault detection function for the Lockheed Martin Skunk Works (LMSW) UAV Mission Manager. Three different classifiers that meet the design requirements of the fault detection of the UAAV are employed. The binary decision outputs from the classifiers are then aggregated using three different classifier fusion schemes, namely, majority vote, weighted majority vote, and Naieve Bayes combination. All of the three schemes are simple and need no retraining. The three fusion schemes (except the majority vote that gives an average performance of the three classifiers) show the classification performance that is better than or equal to that of the best individual. The unavoidable correlation between the classifiers with binary outputs is observed in this study. We conclude that it is the correlation between the classifiers that limits the fusion schemes to achieve an even better performance.

  5. Imagining class: A study into material social class position, subjective identification, and voting behavior across Europe.

    PubMed

    D'Hooge, Lorenzo; Achterberg, Peter; Reeskens, Tim

    2018-02-01

    The traditional approach to class voting has largely ignored the question whether material class positions coincide with subjective class identification. Following Sosnaud et al. (2013), this study evaluates party preferences when Europeans' material and subjective social class do not coincide. Seminal studies on voting behavior have suggested that members of lower classes are more likely to vote for the economic left and cultural right and that higher classes demonstrate the opposite pattern. Yet, these studies have on the one hand overlooked the possibility that there is a mismatch between the material class people can be classified in and the class they think they are part of, and on the other hand the consequences of this discordant class identification on voting behavior. Analyzing the 2009 wave of the European Elections Study, we find that the majority of the Europeans discordantly identify with the middle class, whereas only a minority of the lower and higher classes concordantly identify with their material social class. Further, material class only seems to predict economic voting behavior when it coincides with subjective class; for instance, individuals who have an inflated class identification are more likely to vote for the economic left, even when they materially can be classified as middle or high class. We conclude this paper with a discussion on scholarly debates concerning class and politics. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  6. Ensemble Classifiers for Predicting HIV-1 Resistance from Three Rule-Based Genotypic Resistance Interpretation Systems.

    PubMed

    Raposo, Letícia M; Nobre, Flavio F

    2017-08-30

    Resistance to antiretrovirals (ARVs) is a major problem faced by HIV-infected individuals. Different rule-based algorithms were developed to infer HIV-1 susceptibility to antiretrovirals from genotypic data. However, there is discordance between them, resulting in difficulties for clinical decisions about which treatment to use. Here, we developed ensemble classifiers integrating three interpretation algorithms: Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le SIDA (ANRS), Rega, and the genotypic resistance interpretation system from Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database (HIVdb). Three approaches were applied to develop a classifier with a single resistance profile: stacked generalization, a simple plurality vote scheme and the selection of the interpretation system with the best performance. The strategies were compared with the Friedman's test and the performance of the classifiers was evaluated using the F-measure, sensitivity and specificity values. We found that the three strategies had similar performances for the selected antiretrovirals. For some cases, the stacking technique with naïve Bayes as the learning algorithm showed a statistically superior F-measure. This study demonstrates that ensemble classifiers can be an alternative tool for clinical decision-making since they provide a single resistance profile from the most commonly used resistance interpretation systems.

  7. NCAA's Latest Pay-to-Play Scheme Would Sack Concept of Amateur Student Athlete, Raise Antitrust Questions

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sullivan, Tom

    2014-01-01

    Now that members of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) have voted to approve a sweeping, if not radical, proposal giving the five largest athletic conferences "autonomy" to establish new governance rules regarding a compensation pay package for the recruitment of athletes, some important public policy concerns need to be…

  8. Brown-Utility Heuristic? The Presence and Contributing Factors of Latino Linked Fate

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sanchez, Gabriel R.; Masuoka, Natalie

    2010-01-01

    In an electoral system governed by the plurality rule, those groups who wield the greatest amount of power in the United States are those who vote as a cohesive bloc. Although the size of the Latino population is growing, it is unclear whether all Latinos perceive a shared collective identity that will be exercised in the political realm. This…

  9. A concurrent resolution authorizing the use of Emancipation Hall in the Capitol Visitor Center for activities associated with the ceremony to award the Congressional Gold Medal to Native American code talkers.

    THOMAS, 113th Congress

    Sen. Johnson, Tim [D-SD

    2013-11-13

    House - 11/18/2013 On motion to suspend the rules and agree to the resolution Agreed to by voice vote. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status Agreed to in HouseHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  10. 16 CFR 801.21 - Securities and cash not considered assets when acquired.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... regularly prepared balance sheet of “A” referred to in § 801.11—the voting securities of X must be reflected... in “A's” next regularly prepared balance sheet for purposes of section 7A(a)(2). 3. In example 1... when acquired. 801.21 Section 801.21 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION RULES, REGULATIONS...

  11. 78 FR 39407 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; New York Stock Exchange LLC; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-01

    ..., from having voting control over ICE Group shares entitling the holder thereof to cast more than 10% of..., the ICE Group Bylaws would provide that, so long as ICE Group directly or indirectly controls any U.S... directly or indirectly controls any U.S. Regulated Subsidiary, the books, records and premises of ICE Group...

  12. 78 FR 39369 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE MKT LLC; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change Relating to...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-01

    ... person, either alone or together with its related persons, from having voting control over ICE Group... as ICE Group directly or indirectly controls any U.S. Regulated Subsidiary, the directors, officers... ICE Group Bylaws would provide that for so long as ICE Group directly or indirectly controls any U.S...

  13. 75 FR 38576 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change by NYSE Arca, Inc. To...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-02

    ... were to be made available on the proxy card) must immediately tender his or her resignation from the.... Under the proposed amendment to the Bylaws, the proxy card would change for an uncontested election, and... director's election (with ``abstentions'' not counted as a vote cast either ``for'' or ``against'' such...

  14. Urging the Government of Burma to end the persecution of the Rohingya people and respect internationally recognized human rights for all ethnic and religious minority groups within Burma.

    THOMAS, 113th Congress

    Rep. McGovern, James P. [D-MA-2

    2013-11-18

    House - 05/07/2014 On motion to suspend the rules and agree to the resolution, as amended Agreed to by voice vote. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status Agreed to in HouseHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  15. Condemning the abduction of female students by armed militants from the terrorist group known as Boko Haram in northeastern provinces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

    THOMAS, 113th Congress

    Rep. Wilson, Frederica S. [D-FL-24

    2014-05-06

    House - 05/20/2014 On motion to suspend the rules and agree to the resolution, as amended Agreed to by voice vote. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status Agreed to in HouseHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  16. The Trump phenomenon: An explanation from sociophysics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Galam, Serge

    2017-04-01

    The Trump phenomenon is argued to depart from current populist rise in Europe. According to a model of opinion dynamics from sociophysics the machinery of Trump’s amazing success obeys well-defined counter-intuitive rules. Therefore, his success was in principle predictable from the start. The model uses local majority rule arguments and obeys a threshold dynamics. The associated tipping points are found to depend on the leading collective beliefs, cognitive biases and prejudices of the social group which undertakes the public debate. And here comes the open sesame of the Trump campaign, which develops along two successive steps. During a first moment, Trump’s statement produces a majority of voters against him. But at the same time, according to the model the shocking character of the statement modifies the prejudice balance. In case the prejudice is present even being frozen among voters, the tipping point is lowered at Trump’s benefit. Nevertheless, although the tipping point has been lowered by the activation of frozen prejudices it is instrumental to preserve enough support from openly prejudiced people to be above the threshold. Then, as infuriated voters launch intense debate, occurrence of ties will drive progressively hostile people to shift their voting intention without needing to endorse the statement which has infuriated them. The ongoing debate does drive towards a majority for Trump. The possible Trump victory at November Presidential election is discussed. In particular, the model shows that to eventually win the Presidential election, Trump must not modify his past shocking attitude but to appeal to a different spectrum of frozen prejudices, which are common to both Democrats and Republicans.

  17. Mental illness and the right to vote: a review of legislation across the world.

    PubMed

    Bhugra, Dinesh; Pathare, Soumitra; Gosavi, Chetna; Ventriglio, Antonio; Torales, Julio; Castaldelli-Maia, João; Tolentino, Edgardo Juan L; Ng, Roger

    2016-08-01

    The right to vote is an important right signifying freedom of thought as well as full citizenship in any setting. Right to vote is enshrined and protected by international human rights treaties. The right of 'everyone' to take part in the political process and elections is based on universal and equal suffrage. Although these International Conventions have been ratified by the large majority of United Nations Member States, their application across the globe is by no means universal. This study sets out to examine the domestic laws of UN Member States in order to explore whether individuals with mental health problems have the right to vote in actuality and, thu,s can participate in political life. Through various searches, electoral laws and Constitutions of 193 Member States of the United Nations were studied. The authors were able to find legislation and/or Constitutional provisions in 167 of the 193 Member States. Twenty-one countries (11%) only placed no restrictions on the right to vote by persons with mental health problems. Over one third of the countries (36%) deny all persons with any mental health problems a right to vote without any qualifier. Some of these discriminatory attitudes are reflected in the multiplicity of terms used to describe persons with mental health problems. Another 21 countries (11%) denied the right to vote to detained persons; of these, nine Member States specifically denied the right to vote to persons who were detained under the mental health law, while the remainder denied the right to vote to all those who were interdicted or judicially interdicted. It would appear that in many countries the denial of voting rights is attributed to a lack of ability to consent by the individuals with mental illness. Further exploration of explanation is required to understand these variations, which exist in spite of international treaties.

  18. Analysis of timescale to consensus in voting dynamics with more than two options

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wu, Degang; Szeto, Kwok Yip

    2018-04-01

    We generalize a binary majority-vote model on adaptive networks to its plurality-vote counterpart and analyze the timescale to consensus when voters are given more than two options. When opinions are uniformly distributed in the population of voters in the initial state, we find that the timescale to consensus is shorter than the binary vote model from both numerical simulations and mathematical analysis using the master equation for the three-state plurality-vote model. When intervention such as opinion conversion is allowed, as in the case of sudden change of mind of voter for any reason, the effort needed to push the fragmented three-opinion population in the thermodynamic limit to the consensus state, measured in minimal intervention cost, is less than that needed to push a polarized two-opinion population to the consensus state, when the degree (p ) of homophily is less than 0.8. For a finite system, the fragmented three-opinion population will spontaneously reach the consensus state, with faster time to consensus, compared to polarized two-opinion population, for a broad range of p .

  19. Nominations for Sale1

    PubMed Central

    Console-Battilana, Silvia; Shepsle, Kenneth A.

    2009-01-01

    Models of nomination politics in the US often find “gridlock” in equilibrium because of the super-majority requirement in the Senate for the confirmation of presidential nominees. A blocking coalition often prefers to defeat any nominee. Yet empirically nominations are successful. In the present paper we explore the possibility that senators can be induced to vote contrary to their nominal (gridlock-producing) preferences through contributions from the president and/or lobbyists, thus breaking the gridlock and confirming the nominee. We model contributions by the president and lobbyists according to whether payment schedules are conditioned on the entire voting profile, the vote of a senator, or the outcome. We analyze several extensions to our baseline approach, including the possibility that lobbyists may find it more productive to offer inducements to the president in order to affect his proposal behavior, rather than trying to induce senators to vote for or against a given nominee. PMID:20011612

  20. Fusion of Heterogeneous Intrusion Detection Systems for Network Attack Detection

    PubMed Central

    Kaliappan, Jayakumar; Thiagarajan, Revathi; Sundararajan, Karpagam

    2015-01-01

    An intrusion detection system (IDS) helps to identify different types of attacks in general, and the detection rate will be higher for some specific category of attacks. This paper is designed on the idea that each IDS is efficient in detecting a specific type of attack. In proposed Multiple IDS Unit (MIU), there are five IDS units, and each IDS follows a unique algorithm to detect attacks. The feature selection is done with the help of genetic algorithm. The selected features of the input traffic are passed on to the MIU for processing. The decision from each IDS is termed as local decision. The fusion unit inside the MIU processes all the local decisions with the help of majority voting rule and makes the final decision. The proposed system shows a very good improvement in detection rate and reduces the false alarm rate. PMID:26295058

  1. Fusion of Heterogeneous Intrusion Detection Systems for Network Attack Detection.

    PubMed

    Kaliappan, Jayakumar; Thiagarajan, Revathi; Sundararajan, Karpagam

    2015-01-01

    An intrusion detection system (IDS) helps to identify different types of attacks in general, and the detection rate will be higher for some specific category of attacks. This paper is designed on the idea that each IDS is efficient in detecting a specific type of attack. In proposed Multiple IDS Unit (MIU), there are five IDS units, and each IDS follows a unique algorithm to detect attacks. The feature selection is done with the help of genetic algorithm. The selected features of the input traffic are passed on to the MIU for processing. The decision from each IDS is termed as local decision. The fusion unit inside the MIU processes all the local decisions with the help of majority voting rule and makes the final decision. The proposed system shows a very good improvement in detection rate and reduces the false alarm rate.

  2. The interplay of self-reflection, social interaction and random events in the dynamics of opinion flow in two-party democracies

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lichtenegger, Klaus; Hadzibeganovic, Tarik

    2016-01-01

    We propose a continuous process opinion formation model to study the dynamics of a multi-level relationship between voters, political parties, and facts in two-party democratic elections. In our model, opinions can take any real value between two extremes and an unaligned, moderate opinion state without a preference. Starting with a random opinion configuration, individual voter opinions evolve and change over time due to self-reflection, inter-personal communication, external media influence, and noise. Parties are influenced by their own ideologies, facts, and voters’ opinions. Elections are held periodically and the party that is closer in opinion to the majority of voters forms the new government. The government policy is then expected to be in proximity to the voter opinions and the policies of the currently ruling political party. We analyze the tension of opinions as a measure of how dramatically opinions can disagree within a given sample of voters and the success of the government and parties as the degree of coincidence between the policies and facts. Our model generates realistic quasi-periodic alternations between incumbents and challengers that are typical for two-party systems. Moreover, our model shows that relative to other voters’ strategies, conscious voting can lead to more successful governments of not only fact-oriented but also pragmatic and balanced political parties, irrespective of the strategies of the competing opposition parties. In addition, our simulations uncover several interesting features including less victories for strictly ideological or fact-oriented parties unless they include some aspects of populism or pragmatism. In this sense, our model can also describe situations where election outcomes are not necessarily based on votes for the current programs of competing parties and their placement on relevant issues, but instead result from voters’ dissatisfaction with the previous government and the votes against it.

  3. Extreme D'Hondt and round-off effects in voting computations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Konstantinov, M. M.; Pelova, G. B.

    2015-11-01

    D'Hondt (or Jefferson) method and Hare-Niemeyer (or Hamilton) method are widely used worldwide for seat allocation in proportional systems. Everything seems to be well known in this area. However, this is not the case. For example the D'Hondt method can violate the quota rule from above but this effect is not analyzed as a function of the number of parties and/or the threshold used. Also, allocation methods are often implemented automatically as computer codes in machine arithmetic believing that following the IEEE standards for double precision binary arithmetics would guarantee correct results. Unfortunately this may not happen not only for double precision arithmetic (usually producing 15-16 true decimal digits) but also for any relative precision of the underlying binary machine arithmetics. This paper deals with the following new issues.Find conditions (threshold in particular) such that D'Hondt seat allocation violates maximally the quota rule. Analyze possible influence of rounding errors in the automatic implementation of Hare-Niemeyer method in machine arithmetic.Concerning the first issue, it is known that the maximal deviation of D'Hondt allocation from upper quota for the Bulgarian proportional system (240 MP and 4% barrier) is 5. This fact had been established in 1991. A classical treatment of voting issues is the monograph [1], while electoral problems specific for Bulgaria have been treated in [2, 4]. The effect of threshold on extreme seat allocations is also analyzed in [3]. Finally we would like to stress that Voting Theory may sometimes be mathematically trivial but always has great political impact. This is a strong motivation for further investigations in this area.

  4. World Breastfeeding Week 1994: making the Code work.

    PubMed

    1994-01-01

    WHO adopted the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes in 1981, with the US being the only member voting against it. US abandoned its opposition and voted for the International Code at the World Health Assembly in May 1994. The US was also part of a unanimous vote to promote a resolution that clearly proclaims breast milk to be better than breast milk substitutes and the best food for infants. World Breastfeeding Week 1994 began more efforts to promote the International Code. In 1994, through its Making the Code Work campaign, the World Alliance for Breastfeeding Action (WABA) will work on increasing awareness about the mission and promise of the International Code, notify governments of the Innocenti target date, call for governments to introduce rules and regulations based on the International Code, and encourage public interest groups, professional organizations, and the general public to monitor enforcement of the Code. So far, 11 countries have passed legislation including all or almost all provisions of the International Code. Governments of 36 countries have passed legislation including only some provisions of the International Code. The International Baby Food Action Network (IBFAN), a coalition of more than 140 breastfeeding promotion groups, monitors implementation of the Code worldwide. IBFAN substantiates 1000s of violations of the Code in its report, Breaking the Rules 1994. The violations consist of promoting breast milk substitutes to health workers, using labels describing a brand of formula in idealizing terms, or using labels that do not have warnings in the local language. We should familiarize ourselves with the provisions of the International Code and the status of the Code in our country. WABA provides an action folder which contains basic background information on the code and action ideas.

  5. 17 CFR 270.12b-1 - Distribution of shares by registered open-end management investment company.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... plan, that it may be terminated at any time by vote of a majority of the members of the board of... a plan: (A) That it may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by vote of a... accessible place; (g) If a plan covers more than one series or class of shares, the provisions of the plan...

  6. 17 CFR 270.12b-1 - Distribution of shares by registered open-end management investment company.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... plan, that it may be terminated at any time by vote of a majority of the members of the board of... a plan: (A) That it may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by vote of a... accessible place; (g) If a plan covers more than one series or class of shares, the provisions of the plan...

  7. A concurrent resolution permitting the use of the rotunda of the Capitol for a ceremony to award the Congressional Gold Medal to the next of kin or personal representative of Raoul Wallenberg.

    THOMAS, 113th Congress

    Sen. Gillibrand, Kirsten E. [D-NY

    2014-05-22

    House - 06/09/2014 On motion to suspend the rules and agree to the resolution Agreed to by voice vote. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status Agreed to in HouseHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  8. Honoring the life and legacy of Václav Havel by directing the House of Representatives Fine Arts Board to provide for the display of a bust of Václav Havel in the United States Capitol.

    THOMAS, 113th Congress

    Rep. Royce, Edward R. [R-CA-39

    2014-03-06

    House - 03/11/2014 On motion to suspend the rules and agree to the resolution Agreed to by voice vote. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status Agreed to in HouseHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  9. 78 FR 75619 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-12

    ... that, except for directors elected by the holders of any series of preferred stock, any director, or the entire Board, may be removed from office at any time, but only by the affirmative vote of at least... references to the following: The 3.75% Series A Convertible Notes due 2012 and the 3.75% Series B Convertible...

  10. To provide that the usual day for paying salaries in or under the House of Representatives may be established by regulations of the Committee on House Administration.

    THOMAS, 111th Congress

    Rep. Brady, Robert A. [D-PA-1

    2009-03-26

    House - 07/30/2009 On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Failed by recorded vote (2/3 required): 282 - 144 (Roll no. 681). (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status Failed HouseHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  11. Comparison of Hybrid Classifiers for Crop Classification Using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Time Series: A Case Study for Major Crops in North Xinjiang, China

    PubMed Central

    Hao, Pengyu; Wang, Li; Niu, Zheng

    2015-01-01

    A range of single classifiers have been proposed to classify crop types using time series vegetation indices, and hybrid classifiers are used to improve discriminatory power. Traditional fusion rules use the product of multi-single classifiers, but that strategy cannot integrate the classification output of machine learning classifiers. In this research, the performance of two hybrid strategies, multiple voting (M-voting) and probabilistic fusion (P-fusion), for crop classification using NDVI time series were tested with different training sample sizes at both pixel and object levels, and two representative counties in north Xinjiang were selected as study area. The single classifiers employed in this research included Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and See 5 (C 5.0). The results indicated that classification performance improved (increased the mean overall accuracy by 5%~10%, and reduced standard deviation of overall accuracy by around 1%) substantially with the training sample number, and when the training sample size was small (50 or 100 training samples), hybrid classifiers substantially outperformed single classifiers with higher mean overall accuracy (1%~2%). However, when abundant training samples (4,000) were employed, single classifiers could achieve good classification accuracy, and all classifiers obtained similar performances. Additionally, although object-based classification did not improve accuracy, it resulted in greater visual appeal, especially in study areas with a heterogeneous cropping pattern. PMID:26360597

  12. Optimal frame-by-frame result combination strategy for OCR in video stream

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bulatov, Konstantin; Lynchenko, Aleksander; Krivtsov, Valeriy

    2018-04-01

    This paper describes the problem of combining classification results of multiple observations of one object. This task can be regarded as a particular case of a decision-making using a combination of experts votes with calculated weights. The accuracy of various methods of combining the classification results depending on different models of input data is investigated on the example of frame-by-frame character recognition in a video stream. Experimentally it is shown that the strategy of choosing a single most competent expert in case of input data without irrelevant observations has an advantage (in this case irrelevant means with character localization and segmentation errors). At the same time this work demonstrates the advantage of combining several most competent experts according to multiplication rule or voting if irrelevant samples are present in the input data.

  13. Learn ++.NC: combining ensemble of classifiers with dynamically weighted consult-and-vote for efficient incremental learning of new classes.

    PubMed

    Muhlbaier, Michael D; Topalis, Apostolos; Polikar, Robi

    2009-01-01

    We have previously introduced an incremental learning algorithm Learn(++), which learns novel information from consecutive data sets by generating an ensemble of classifiers with each data set, and combining them by weighted majority voting. However, Learn(++) suffers from an inherent "outvoting" problem when asked to learn a new class omega(new) introduced by a subsequent data set, as earlier classifiers not trained on this class are guaranteed to misclassify omega(new) instances. The collective votes of earlier classifiers, for an inevitably incorrect decision, then outweigh the votes of the new classifiers' correct decision on omega(new) instances--until there are enough new classifiers to counteract the unfair outvoting. This forces Learn(++) to generate an unnecessarily large number of classifiers. This paper describes Learn(++).NC, specifically designed for efficient incremental learning of multiple new classes using significantly fewer classifiers. To do so, Learn (++).NC introduces dynamically weighted consult and vote (DW-CAV), a novel voting mechanism for combining classifiers: individual classifiers consult with each other to determine which ones are most qualified to classify a given instance, and decide how much weight, if any, each classifier's decision should carry. Experiments on real-world problems indicate that the new algorithm performs remarkably well with substantially fewer classifiers, not only as compared to its predecessor Learn(++), but also as compared to several other algorithms recently proposed for similar problems.

  14. 78 FR 76032 - Date of Political Party Nominations of Candidates for Special Primary Elections in New York

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-16

    ... of the party.'' N.Y. Elec. Law 6-114. New York Democratic and Republican State party committee rules... vote of the appropriate state or county party committee. See N.Y. Elec. Law 6-116. After a party... that the date of a special primary election held pursuant to N.Y. Elec. Law 6-114 or 6-116 is the date...

  15. Provable Transient Recovery for Frame-Based, Fault-Tolerant Computing Systems

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    DiVito, Ben L.; Butler, Ricky W.

    1992-01-01

    We present a formal verification of the transient fault recovery aspects of the Reliable Computing Platform (RCP), a fault-tolerant computing system architecture for digital flight control applications. The RCP uses NMR-style redundancy to mask faults and internal majority voting to purge the effects of transient faults. The system design has been formally specified and verified using the EHDM verification system. Our formalization accommodates a wide variety of voting schemes for purging the effects of transients.

  16. Local SIMPLE multi-atlas-based segmentation applied to lung lobe detection on chest CT

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Agarwal, M.; Hendriks, E. A.; Stoel, B. C.; Bakker, M. E.; Reiber, J. H. C.; Staring, M.

    2012-02-01

    For multi atlas-based segmentation approaches, a segmentation fusion scheme which considers local performance measures may be more accurate than a method which uses a global performance measure. We improve upon an existing segmentation fusion method called SIMPLE and extend it to be localized and suitable for multi-labeled segmentations. We demonstrate the algorithm performance on 23 CT scans of COPD patients using a leave-one- out experiment. Our algorithm performs significantly better (p < 0.01) than majority voting, STAPLE, and SIMPLE, with a median overlap of the fissure of 0.45, 0.48, 0.55 and 0.6 for majority voting, STAPLE, SIMPLE, and the proposed algorithm, respectively.

  17. Subnational responsibilities for healthcare and Austria's rejection of the EU's patients' rights directive.

    PubMed

    Kostera, Thomas

    2013-07-01

    In 2011, Member States and the European Parliament brought into force a Directive on the application of patients' rights in cross-border healthcare within the EU. Austria voted against this directive even though its national legislation was already in line with the rulings of the European Court of Justice which had triggered the negotiations on the directive. Why then, in the absence of any legal constraints on adapting to it, did Austria vote against the directive? The article argues that it was the federal structure of financing hospital infrastructure and the subnational level's influence on national position building which led to the rejection of the directive. The article retraces the process of position building by analyzing the interaction between the national and the subnational levels and concludes that Austria's position mirrors the national struggle between both levels of government over control of the hospital sector. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  18. Rapporteur's report

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Szollosy, Michael

    2017-07-01

    This report summarises the papers, presentations and discussion of the Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour special workshop re-evaluating the Engineering and Physical Science and Arts and Humanities Research Councils (EPSRC and AHRC) 2010 Principles of Robotics. We describe the call for papers re-examining the workshop, summarise the papers and discussions that took place, and the voting that lead to our workshop adopting a series of proposals for amending the original Principles. The workshop discussed and voted on 14 specific "amendments, additions, or reflections" on the Principles. Of these, 9 out 14 were adopted by majority vote, 6 receiving strong support (67% or more in favour), 1 majority support (53%), with several of the remaining receiving mixed support of between 33% and 47%. An important and unanimous conclusion of the workshop was that "the Principles should be amended through a thorough and inclusive process". Adopted proposals also highlighted the need to "focus on the protection of humanity" from possible future risks created by AI and robotics, and to take into account how society is changing and adapting to technological advances.

  19. The Path to Advanced Practice Licensure for Clinical Nurse Specialists in Washington State.

    PubMed

    Schoonover, Heather

    The aim of this study was to provide a review of the history and process to obtaining advanced practice licensure for clinical nurse specialists in Washington State. Before 2016, Washington State licensed certified nurse practitioners, certified nurse midwives, and certified nurse anesthetists under the designation of an advanced registered nurse practitioner; however, the state did not recognize clinical nurse specialists as advanced practice nurses. The work to drive the rule change began in 2007. The Washington Affiliate of the National Association of Clinical Nurse Specialists used the Power Elite Theory to guide advocacy activities, building coalitions and support for the desired rule changes. On January 8, 2016, the Washington State Nursing Care Quality Assurance Commission voted to amend the state's advanced practice rules, including clinical nurse specialists in the designation of an advanced practice nurse. Since the rule revision, clinical nurse specialists in Washington State have been granted advanced registered nurse practitioner licenses. Driving changes in state regulatory rules requires diligent advocacy, partnership, and a deep understanding of the state's rule-making processes. To be successful in changing rules, clinical nurse specialists must build strong partnerships with key influencers and understand the steps in practice required to make the desired changes.

  20. Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 2655) to amend Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure to improve attorney accountability, and for other purposes, and providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 982) to amend title 11 of the United States Code to require the public disclosure by trusts established under section 524(g) of such title, of quarterly reports that contain detailed information regarding the receipt and disposition of claims for injuries based on exposure to asbestos; and for other purposes.

    THOMAS, 113th Congress

    Rep. Woodall, Rob [R-GA-7

    2013-11-12

    House - 11/13/2013 On agreeing to the resolution Agreed to by recorded vote: 223 - 194 (Roll no. 574). (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status Agreed to in HouseHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  1. 5 CFR 9701.508 - Homeland Security Labor Relations Board.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... members, a three-person panel of the HSLRB) may decide a particular dispute involving a matter of first impression or a major policy. (2) In cases where the full HSLRB acts, a vote of the majority of the HSLRB (or...

  2. 5 CFR 9701.508 - Homeland Security Labor Relations Board.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... members, a three-person panel of the HSLRB) may decide a particular dispute involving a matter of first impression or a major policy. (2) In cases where the full HSLRB acts, a vote of the majority of the HSLRB (or...

  3. 5 CFR 9701.508 - Homeland Security Labor Relations Board.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... members, a three-person panel of the HSLRB) may decide a particular dispute involving a matter of first impression or a major policy. (2) In cases where the full HSLRB acts, a vote of the majority of the HSLRB (or...

  4. 5 CFR 9701.508 - Homeland Security Labor Relations Board.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... members, a three-person panel of the HSLRB) may decide a particular dispute involving a matter of first impression or a major policy. (2) In cases where the full HSLRB acts, a vote of the majority of the HSLRB (or...

  5. Stochastic Petri net analysis of a replicated file system

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bechta Dugan, Joanne; Ciardo, Gianfranco

    1989-01-01

    A stochastic Petri-net model of a replicated file system is presented for a distributed environment where replicated files reside on different hosts and a voting algorithm is used to maintain consistency. Witnesses, which simply record the status of the file but contain no data, can be used in addition to or in place of files to reduce overhead. A model sufficiently detailed to include file status (current or out-of-date), as well as failure and repair of hosts where copies or witnesses reside, is presented. The number of copies and witnesses is a parameter of the model. Two different majority protocols are examined, one where a majority of all copies and witnesses is necessary to form a quorum, and the other where only a majority of the copies and witnesses on operational hosts is needed. The latter, known as adaptive voting, is shown to increase file availability in most cases.

  6. Urging the Government of Afghanistan, following a successful first round of the presidential election on April 5, 2014, to pursue a transparent, credible, and inclusive run-off presidential election on June 14, 2014, while ensuring the safety of voters, candidates, poll workers, and election observers.

    THOMAS, 113th Congress

    Rep. Grayson, Alan [D-FL-9

    2014-05-28

    House - 06/09/2014 On motion to suspend the rules and agree to the resolution, as amended Agreed to by voice vote. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status Agreed to in HouseHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  7. Kuwaiti National Security and the U.S.-Kuwaiti Strategic Relationship after Saddam

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-09-01

    other nations such as Kuwait. Kuwaiti diplomacy and security planning must seek ways to minimize the impact of the Iraq civil war in ways that do not...upon whom the economy rested, usually considered themselves the social equals of the ruling family, and they often successfully demanded to be...Previously, women had voted in the April 2006 local elections.25 Following this reform, the parliament is seeking to expand the franchise to military

  8. Cognitive underpinnings of nationalistic ideology in the context of Brexit.

    PubMed

    Zmigrod, Leor; Rentfrow, Peter J; Robbins, Trevor W

    2018-05-08

    Nationalistic identities often play an influential role in citizens' voting behavior and political engagement. Nationalistic ideologies tend to have firm categories and rules for what belongs to and represents the national culture. In a sample of 332 UK citizens, we tested whether strict categorization of stimuli and rules in objective cognitive tasks would be evident in strongly nationalistic individuals. Using voting behavior and attitudes from the United Kingdom's 2016 EU referendum, we found that a flexible representation of national identity and culture was linked to cognitive flexibility in the ideologically neutral Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Remote Associates Test, and to self-reported flexibility under uncertainty. Path analysis revealed that subjective and objective cognitive inflexibility predicted heightened authoritarianism, nationalism, conservatism, and system justification, and these in turn were predictive of support for Brexit and opposition to immigration, the European Union, and free movement of labor. This model accounted for 47.6% of the variance in support for Brexit. Path analysis models were also predictive of participants' sense of personal attachment to the United Kingdom, signifying that individual differences in cognitive flexibility may contribute toward ideological thinking styles that shape both nationalistic attitudes and personal sense of nationalistic identity. These findings further suggest that emotionally neutral "cold" cognitive information processing-and not just "hot" emotional cognition-may play a key role in ideological behavior and identity.

  9. Use of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Algorithms with Gene Expression Profiling to Predict Recurrent Nonmuscle Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder.

    PubMed

    Bartsch, Georg; Mitra, Anirban P; Mitra, Sheetal A; Almal, Arpit A; Steven, Kenneth E; Skinner, Donald G; Fry, David W; Lenehan, Peter F; Worzel, William P; Cote, Richard J

    2016-02-01

    Due to the high recurrence risk of nonmuscle invasive urothelial carcinoma it is crucial to distinguish patients at high risk from those with indolent disease. In this study we used a machine learning algorithm to identify the genes in patients with nonmuscle invasive urothelial carcinoma at initial presentation that were most predictive of recurrence. We used the genes in a molecular signature to predict recurrence risk within 5 years after transurethral resection of bladder tumor. Whole genome profiling was performed on 112 frozen nonmuscle invasive urothelial carcinoma specimens obtained at first presentation on Human WG-6 BeadChips (Illumina®). A genetic programming algorithm was applied to evolve classifier mathematical models for outcome prediction. Cross-validation based resampling and gene use frequencies were used to identify the most prognostic genes, which were combined into rules used in a voting algorithm to predict the sample target class. Key genes were validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The classifier set included 21 genes that predicted recurrence. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was done for these genes in a subset of 100 patients. A 5-gene combined rule incorporating a voting algorithm yielded 77% sensitivity and 85% specificity to predict recurrence in the training set, and 69% and 62%, respectively, in the test set. A singular 3-gene rule was constructed that predicted recurrence with 80% sensitivity and 90% specificity in the training set, and 71% and 67%, respectively, in the test set. Using primary nonmuscle invasive urothelial carcinoma from initial occurrences genetic programming identified transcripts in reproducible fashion, which were predictive of recurrence. These findings could potentially impact nonmuscle invasive urothelial carcinoma management. Copyright © 2016 American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  10. The United States Supreme Court and psychiatry in the 1990s.

    PubMed

    Ciccone, J R

    1999-03-01

    In the 1990s, the Supreme Court has decided several cases that have had an impact on psychiatry and psychiatric patients in the criminal justice system, on psychiatric hospitalization, and on psychotherapist-patient privilege. Of the seven cases discussed in this article, Chief Justice Rehnquist and Justice Scalia voted similarly in all seven cases. Since joining the court, Justice Thomas has voted with them. Justice Scalia interprets the Constitution, using what has been termed "textualism": avoid reference to legislative history, and interpret the Constitution according to the plain language meaning of the relevant section. Chief Justice Rehnquist and Justices Scalia and Thomas are inclined to protect states' rights from court decisions that expand US Constitutional power in cases involving civil plaintiffs and criminal defendants. They seek to protect states from being sued in federal courts, and, if there is doubt, lean toward not interfering with state prerogatives. They tend to not find unenumerated rights and prefer clear-cut rules over amorphous standards. Justices Kennedy and O'Connor, at times joined by Justice Souter in the middle of the court, provide the deciding votes in many cases. They seem to prefer a case-by-case pragmatism over a global jurisprudential philosophy. Approaching cases one at a time, they usually avoid broad philosophic pronouncements when they join with Chief Justice Rehnquist. Justice Stevens, joined by Justices Breyer and Ginsburg since they have been appointed to the court, is more likely to favor a broader reading of the 14th Amendment's Due Process and Equal Protection clauses. Of the seven cases, Kennedy and O'Connor voted with the majority in five cases, the dissent in one case (Zinermon v Burch), and split their votes in one case (Foucha v Louisiana, with O'Connor siding with the Court and Kennedy with the dissent). Commager, a noted historian, believed that political issues can be explored, explained, and debated and that the people of the new American democracy, armed with knowledge and freedom to defend, argue, and choose, will make the right decisions for their common welfare. This theory applies equally to the court: Whenever questions involving psychiatry and psychiatric patients are brought to the court, American psychiatry must make its views known in that forum. To do so requires awareness and knowledge of the cases that involve psychiatry and psychiatric patients that the court has decided, including those decided in the 1990s. To participate effectively, psychiatrists must understand the political landscape in which the cases arrive at the court's doorstep and the composition and leanings of the court and examine carefully the fact patterns (understanding that some fact patterns are more sympathetic than others). This awareness should result in amicus briefs that are scholarly, rely on empiric data, and are scrupulously honest about the limitations of our knowledge. In this way, psychiatrists may fully participate in the debate and aid the court in its exploration and analysis of the issues involving psychiatry and psychiatric patients.

  11. Division III Working Group on Planetary System Nomenclature

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Schulz, Rita; Aksnes, K.; Blue, J.; Bowell, E.; Burba, G. A.; Consolmagno, G.; Courtin, R.; Lopes, R.; Marov, M. Ya.; Marsden, B. G.; Robinson, M. S.; Shevchenko, V. V.; Smith, B. A.

    2010-05-01

    The meeting was attended by 5 members of the WG (E. Bowell, G. Consolmagno, R. Courtain, R. Lopez, R. Schulz) one Task Group member (J. Watanabe), and several guests from the CSBN and CBAT. It was decided at the beginning of the meeting that the attending members of the WGPSN would discuss matters, provide their opinion or vote, and then ask the other 8 formal members to do the same via email. As a consequence the following discussed items have been agreed by majority vote of the WG members.

  12. a Novel Approach to Support Majority Voting in Spatial Group Mcdm Using Density Induced Owa Operator for Seismic Vulnerability Assessment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Moradi, M.; Delavar, M. R.; Moshiri, B.; Khamespanah, F.

    2014-10-01

    Being one of the most frightening disasters, earthquakes frequently cause huge damages to buildings, facilities and human beings. Although the prediction of characteristics of an earthquake seems to be impossible, its loss and damage is predictable in advance. Seismic loss estimation models tend to evaluate the extent to which the urban areas are vulnerable to earthquakes. Many factors contribute to the vulnerability of urban areas against earthquakes including age and height of buildings, the quality of the materials, the density of population and the location of flammable facilities. Therefore, seismic vulnerability assessment is a multi-criteria problem. A number of multi criteria decision making models have been proposed based on a single expert. The main objective of this paper is to propose a model which facilitates group multi criteria decision making based on the concept of majority voting. The main idea of majority voting is providing a computational tool to measure the degree to which different experts support each other's opinions and make a decision regarding this measure. The applicability of this model is examined in Tehran metropolitan area which is located in a seismically active region. The results indicate that neglecting the experts which get lower degrees of support from others enables the decision makers to avoid the extreme strategies. Moreover, a computational method is proposed to calculate the degree of optimism in the experts' opinions.

  13. Does Internet voting make elections less social? Group voting patterns in Estonian e-voting log files (2013–2015)

    PubMed Central

    2017-01-01

    Remote Internet voting places the control and secrecy of the immediate voting environment on the shoulder of the individual voter but it also turns voting into yet another on-line activity thus endangering the well-known social nature of voting and possibly reducing the crucial sense of civic duty that is important for a healthy democracy. There is however a complete lack of evidence to what degree this actually materializes once electronic voting is introduced. This paper uses individual level log data on Internet voting in Estonian elections between 2013–2015 to inspect if Internet voting retains the social nature of the voting act. We do so by examining if Internet voting in groups takes place and what implications it has for voting speed. We find strong evidence of e-voting in pairs. Same aged male-female pairs seem to be voting in close proximity to each other, consistent with spouses or partners voting together. Also, female-female and female-male pairs with large age differences seem to be voting together, consistent with a parent voting with an adult aged offspring. With regards to voting speed we see the second vote in a vote pair being considerably faster than the first vote, again indicating a shared voting act. We end with a discussion of how the onset of electronic voting does not make elections less social, but does make vote secrecy more a choice rather than a requirement. PMID:28542348

  14. Predicting biomedical metadata in CEDAR: A study of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO).

    PubMed

    Panahiazar, Maryam; Dumontier, Michel; Gevaert, Olivier

    2017-08-01

    A crucial and limiting factor in data reuse is the lack of accurate, structured, and complete descriptions of data, known as metadata. Towards improving the quantity and quality of metadata, we propose a novel metadata prediction framework to learn associations from existing metadata that can be used to predict metadata values. We evaluate our framework in the context of experimental metadata from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). We applied four rule mining algorithms to the most common structured metadata elements (sample type, molecular type, platform, label type and organism) from over 1.3million GEO records. We examined the quality of well supported rules from each algorithm and visualized the dependencies among metadata elements. Finally, we evaluated the performance of the algorithms in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F-measure. We found that PART is the best algorithm outperforming Apriori, Predictive Apriori, and Decision Table. All algorithms perform significantly better in predicting class values than the majority vote classifier. We found that the performance of the algorithms is related to the dimensionality of the GEO elements. The average performance of all algorithm increases due of the decreasing of dimensionality of the unique values of these elements (2697 platforms, 537 organisms, 454 labels, 9 molecules, and 5 types). Our work suggests that experimental metadata such as present in GEO can be accurately predicted using rule mining algorithms. Our work has implications for both prospective and retrospective augmentation of metadata quality, which are geared towards making data easier to find and reuse. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  15. Bayesian aggregation versus majority vote in the characterization of non-specific arm pain based on quantitative needle electromyography

    PubMed Central

    2010-01-01

    Background Methods for the calculation and application of quantitative electromyographic (EMG) statistics for the characterization of EMG data detected from forearm muscles of individuals with and without pain associated with repetitive strain injury are presented. Methods A classification procedure using a multi-stage application of Bayesian inference is presented that characterizes a set of motor unit potentials acquired using needle electromyography. The utility of this technique in characterizing EMG data obtained from both normal individuals and those presenting with symptoms of "non-specific arm pain" is explored and validated. The efficacy of the Bayesian technique is compared with simple voting methods. Results The aggregate Bayesian classifier presented is found to perform with accuracy equivalent to that of majority voting on the test data, with an overall accuracy greater than 0.85. Theoretical foundations of the technique are discussed, and are related to the observations found. Conclusions Aggregation of motor unit potential conditional probability distributions estimated using quantitative electromyographic analysis, may be successfully used to perform electrodiagnostic characterization of "non-specific arm pain." It is expected that these techniques will also be able to be applied to other types of electrodiagnostic data. PMID:20156353

  16. Brainstorming: weighted voting prediction of inhibitors for protein targets.

    PubMed

    Plewczynski, Dariusz

    2011-09-01

    The "Brainstorming" approach presented in this paper is a weighted voting method that can improve the quality of predictions generated by several machine learning (ML) methods. First, an ensemble of heterogeneous ML algorithms is trained on available experimental data, then all solutions are gathered and a consensus is built between them. The final prediction is performed using a voting procedure, whereby the vote of each method is weighted according to a quality coefficient calculated using multivariable linear regression (MLR). The MLR optimization procedure is very fast, therefore no additional computational cost is introduced by using this jury approach. Here, brainstorming is applied to selecting actives from large collections of compounds relating to five diverse biological targets of medicinal interest, namely HIV-reverse transcriptase, cyclooxygenase-2, dihydrofolate reductase, estrogen receptor, and thrombin. The MDL Drug Data Report (MDDR) database was used for selecting known inhibitors for these protein targets, and experimental data was then used to train a set of machine learning methods. The benchmark dataset (available at http://bio.icm.edu.pl/∼darman/chemoinfo/benchmark.tar.gz ) can be used for further testing of various clustering and machine learning methods when predicting the biological activity of compounds. Depending on the protein target, the overall recall value is raised by at least 20% in comparison to any single machine learning method (including ensemble methods like random forest) and unweighted simple majority voting procedures.

  17. Defense.gov - Special Report: VOTE

    Science.gov Websites

    Voting Action Plan (pdf) 2013 USMC Voting Action Plan (pdf) 2013 Army Voting Action Plan (pdf) Air Force Voting Plan 2012-13 (pdf) Army Voting Action Plan 2012 (pdf) Marine Corps Voting Action Plan 2012 (pdf ) Navy Voting Action Plan (pdf) Overseas Vote Foundation Project Vote Smart Preparing for the 2012

  18. Complex dynamics of a nonlinear voter model with contrarian agents

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Tanabe, Shoma; Masuda, Naoki, E-mail: masuda@mist.i.u-tokyo.ac.jp

    2013-12-15

    We investigate mean-field dynamics of a nonlinear opinion formation model with congregator and contrarian agents. Each agent assumes one of the two possible states. Congregators imitate the state of other agents with a rate that increases with the number of other agents in the opposite state, as in the linear voter model and nonlinear majority voting models. Contrarians flip the state with a rate that increases with the number of other agents in the same state. The nonlinearity controls the strength of the majority voting and is used as a main bifurcation parameter. We show that the model undergoes amore » rich bifurcation scenario comprising the egalitarian equilibrium, two symmetric lopsided equilibria, limit cycle, and coexistence of different types of stable equilibria with intertwining attractive basins.« less

  19. Formal design and verification of a reliable computing platform for real-time control. Phase 1: Results

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Divito, Ben L.; Butler, Ricky W.; Caldwell, James L.

    1990-01-01

    A high-level design is presented for a reliable computing platform for real-time control applications. Design tradeoffs and analyses related to the development of the fault-tolerant computing platform are discussed. The architecture is formalized and shown to satisfy a key correctness property. The reliable computing platform uses replicated processors and majority voting to achieve fault tolerance. Under the assumption of a majority of processors working in each frame, it is shown that the replicated system computes the same results as a single processor system not subject to failures. Sufficient conditions are obtained to establish that the replicated system recovers from transient faults within a bounded amount of time. Three different voting schemes are examined and proved to satisfy the bounded recovery time conditions.

  20. One-Party Dominance: Future Political Implications for the Conservatives in South Korea

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-12-01

    the vote to 26.1%.48 One of the reasons for the progressive defeat was the failure of ex -President Roh Moo-hyun to uphold his anti- corruption...appoint individuals to posts in a way that creates an advantage in implementing policies.65 The biggest advantage of the presidency is the ability to self...were necessary for South Korea to grow; he legitimized his rule with results.114 One method was the distribution of de facto pork barrel not only

  1. To increase the statutory limit on the public debt and to require House and Senate votes on constitutional amendments to balance the Federal budget and to restrict new entitlement spending.

    THOMAS, 113th Congress

    Rep. Crawford, Eric A. "Rick" [R-AR-1

    2014-02-10

    House - 02/10/2014 Referred to the Committee on Ways and Means, and in addition to the Committee on Rules, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  2. 40 CFR 17.5 - Eligibility of applicants.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... an applicant include all persons who regularly perform services for remuneration for the applicant... controls or owns a majority of the voting shares of another business' board of directors, trustees, or...

  3. Pharmacies' Duty to Dispense Emergency Contraception: A Discussion of Religious Liberty.

    PubMed

    Yang, Y Tony; Sawicki, Nadia N

    2017-03-01

    In a recent battle between reproductive rights and religious freedom, the U.S. Supreme Court, by a five to three vote, declined to review an appeal in Stormans, Inc v Wiesman, a case brought by a Washington state pharmacy owner and two pharmacists who held religious objections to emergency contraception. These petitioners brought a constitutional challenge to Washington state regulations that required pharmacies to dispense all lawfully prescribed pharmaceuticals. In 2015, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that these regulations did not violate the Constitution. The Ninth Circuit confirmed that pharmacies must comply with state regulations requiring access to drugs even if the owners of the pharmacies hold religious objections to the provision of certain types of drugs-here, emergency contraception. The pharmacy owners appealed this ruling, and in 2016, the Supreme Court declined to review the case, effectively leaving the lower court ruling in place. This article analyzes the Stormans case, the difference between it and a seemingly similar case regarding contraceptive access decided by the Supreme Court in 2014, the effects of the Stormans ruling on emergency contraception access in Washington state as well as the ruling's potential implications for public health.

  4. Analysing and controlling the tax evasion dynamics via majority-vote model

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lima, F. W. S.

    2010-09-01

    Within the context of agent-based Monte-Carlo simulations, we study the well-known majority-vote model (MVM) with noise applied to tax evasion on simple square lattices, Voronoi-Delaunay random lattices, Barabasi-Albert networks, and Erdös-Rényi random graphs. In the order to analyse and to control the fluctuations for tax evasion in the economics model proposed by Zaklan, MVM is applied in the neighborhod of the noise critical qc to evolve the Zaklan model. The Zaklan model had been studied recently using the equilibrium Ising model. Here we show that the Zaklan model is robust because this can be studied using equilibrium dynamics of Ising model also through the nonequilibrium MVM and on various topologies cited above giving the same behavior regardless of dynamic or topology used here.

  5. 75 FR 65937 - Fresh Prunes Grown in Designated Counties in Washington and in Umatilla County, OR; Suspension of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-27

    ...The Department of Agriculture (USDA) is adopting, as a final rule, without change, an interim rule that suspended the reporting and assessment requirements prescribed under the Washington-Oregon fresh prune marketing order. The marketing order regulates the handling of fresh prunes grown in designated counties in Washington and in Umatilla County, Oregon, and is administered locally by the Washington-Oregon Fresh Prune Marketing Committee (Committee). On June 1, 2010, the Committee unanimously voted to terminate Marketing Order No. 924. Since the only regulatory actions then in effect were the reporting and assessment requirements, the Committee included a recommendation to immediately suspend those activities while USDA processes the termination request. The reporting and assessment requirements will remain suspended until reinstated or permanently terminated.

  6. 7 CFR 1210.405 - Public member nominations and selection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... public member shall have no direct financial interest in the commercial production or marketing of.... Election of nominees shall be on the basis of a simple majority of those present and voting. Such election...

  7. 2008 Post-Election Voting Survey of Department of State Voting Assistance Officers: Tabulation of Responses

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-07-01

    this survey include Erin St. Pierre and Scott Wiedmann (Federal Voting Assistance Program ). Other important contributors to the survey development...20 a. Federal Voting Assistance Program (FVAP) onsite VAO training workshop...the voting program .............................37 November 2008 Post-Election Voting Survey of Department of State Voting Assistance Officers

  8. One Man One Vote: Trust between the Electorate, the Establishment, and Voting Technology

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Robertson, Laurie

    2006-01-01

    Historically any U.S. voting technology is burdened from its very inception with the expectation of technologically ensuring voting integrity. Voting is an officially sanctioned social activity/ritual in a technologically-focused nation, so U.S. voters arrive at the polls expecting that voting technology will ensure that their vote "counts. But no…

  9. Major Matters: Relationship between Academic Major and University Students' Environmental Literacy and Citizenship as Reflected in Their Voting Decisions and Environmental Activism

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Goldman, Daphne; Ayalon, Ofira; Baum, Dorit; Haham, Shay

    2015-01-01

    Institutions of higher education (HE) are increasingly expected to rise to the challenge of preparing environmentally literate graduates, equipped to bring a sustainability perspective into their professional function. While considerable research has explored the relationship between HE and tendency for political participation in general, studies…

  10. 76 FR 6708 - Orderly Liquidation Termination Provision in Swap Trading Relationship Documentation for Swap...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-08

    ... standards for swap dealers and major swap participants.'' On January 13, 2011, the Commission voted to issue... regarding internal business conduct standards for swap dealers and major swap participants. Prior notices of... comment on this issue. The Commission believes that the inclusion of this type of provision in the swap...

  11. Majority-Vote Model with Heterogeneous Agents on Square Lattice

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lima, F. W. S.

    2013-11-01

    We study a nonequilibrium model with up-down symmetry and a noise parameter q known as majority-vote model (MVM) of [M. J. Oliveira, J. Stat. Phys.66, 273 (1992)] with heterogeneous agents on square lattice (SL). By Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and finite-size scaling relations, the critical exponents β/ν, γ/ν and 1/ν and points qc and U* are obtained. After extensive simulations, we obtain β/ν = 0.35(1), γ/ν = 1.23(8) and 1/ν = 1.05(5). The calculated values of the critical noise parameter and Binder cumulant are qc = 0.1589(4) and U* = 0.604(7). Within the error bars, the exponents obey the relation 2β/ν + γ/ν = 2 and the results presented here demonstrate that the MVM heterogeneous agents belongs to a different universality class than the nonequilibrium MVM with homogeneous agents on SL.

  12. Pressure for a select committee on human embryo research and genetic engineering.

    PubMed

    McKie, David

    1985-11-02

    By a commanding majority of almost five million votes, this year's Labour Party conference agreed that Labour Members of Parliament should not be permitted to let their consciences decide their votes on "issues affecting the reproductive rights of women." The targets for this censure were the 44 Labour MPs who backed Enoch Powell's bill to outlaw experiments on embryos. Conservative supporters of the Powell bill are countering their defeat by advocating a Parliamentary select committee to examine "matters of human embryo research and human genetic engineering." McKie comments that they are thus shifting emphasis from "fertility," which has public support, to genetic engineering, which generates fear.

  13. Testing for voter rigging in small polling stations

    PubMed Central

    Jimenez, Raúl; Hidalgo, Manuel; Klimek, Peter

    2017-01-01

    Nowadays, a large number of countries combine formal democratic institutions with authoritarian practices. Although in these countries the ruling elites may receive considerable voter support, they often use several manipulation tools to control election outcomes. A common practice of these regimes is the coercion and mobilization of large numbers of voters. This electoral irregularity is known as voter rigging, distinguishing it from vote rigging, which involves ballot stuffing or stealing. We develop a statistical test to quantify the extent to which the results of a particular election display traces of voter rigging. Our key hypothesis is that small polling stations are more susceptible to voter rigging because it is easier to identify opposing individuals, there are fewer eyewitnesses, and interested parties might reasonably expect fewer visits from election observers. We devise a general statistical method for testing whether voting behavior in small polling stations is significantly different from the behavior in their neighbor stations in a way that is consistent with the widespread occurrence of voter rigging. On the basis of a comparative analysis, the method enables third parties to conclude that an explanation other than simple variability is needed to explain geographic heterogeneities in vote preferences. We analyze 21 elections in 10 countries and find significant statistical anomalies compatible with voter rigging in Russia from 2007 to 2011, in Venezuela from 2006 to 2013, and in Uganda in 2011. Particularly disturbing is the case of Venezuela, where the smallest polling stations were decisive to the outcome of the 2013 presidential elections. PMID:28695193

  14. Testing for voter rigging in small polling stations.

    PubMed

    Jimenez, Raúl; Hidalgo, Manuel; Klimek, Peter

    2017-06-01

    Nowadays, a large number of countries combine formal democratic institutions with authoritarian practices. Although in these countries the ruling elites may receive considerable voter support, they often use several manipulation tools to control election outcomes. A common practice of these regimes is the coercion and mobilization of large numbers of voters. This electoral irregularity is known as voter rigging, distinguishing it from vote rigging, which involves ballot stuffing or stealing. We develop a statistical test to quantify the extent to which the results of a particular election display traces of voter rigging. Our key hypothesis is that small polling stations are more susceptible to voter rigging because it is easier to identify opposing individuals, there are fewer eyewitnesses, and interested parties might reasonably expect fewer visits from election observers. We devise a general statistical method for testing whether voting behavior in small polling stations is significantly different from the behavior in their neighbor stations in a way that is consistent with the widespread occurrence of voter rigging. On the basis of a comparative analysis, the method enables third parties to conclude that an explanation other than simple variability is needed to explain geographic heterogeneities in vote preferences. We analyze 21 elections in 10 countries and find significant statistical anomalies compatible with voter rigging in Russia from 2007 to 2011, in Venezuela from 2006 to 2013, and in Uganda in 2011. Particularly disturbing is the case of Venezuela, where the smallest polling stations were decisive to the outcome of the 2013 presidential elections.

  15. VeryVote: A Voter Verifiable Code Voting System

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Joaquim, Rui; Ribeiro, Carlos; Ferreira, Paulo

    Code voting is a technique used to address the secure platform problem of remote voting. A code voting system consists in secretly sending, e.g. by mail, code sheets to voters that map their choices to entry codes in their ballot. While voting, the voter uses the code sheet to know what code to enter in order to vote for a particular candidate. In effect, the voter does the vote encryption and, since no malicious software on the PC has access to the code sheet it is not able to change the voter’s intention. However, without compromising the voter’s privacy, the vote codes are not enough to prove that the vote is recorded and counted as cast by the election server.

  16. Preserving anonymity in e-voting system using voter non-repudiation oriented scheme

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hamid, Isredza Rahmi A.; Radzi, Siti Nafishah Md; Rahman, Nurul Hidayah Ab; Wen, Chuah Chai; Abdullah, Nurul Azma

    2017-10-01

    The voting system has been developed from traditional paper ballot to electronic voting (e-voting). The e-voting system has high potential to be widely used in election event. However, the e-voting system still does not meet the most important security properties which are voter's authenticity and non-repudiation. This is because voters can simply vote again by entering other people's identification number. In this project, an electronic voting using voter non-repudiation oriented scheme will be developed. This system contains ten modules which are log in, vote session, voter, candidate, open session, voting results, user account, initial score, logs and reset vote count. In order to ensure there would be no non-repudiation issue, a voter non-repudiation oriented scheme concept will be adapted and implemented in the system. This system will be built using Microsoft Visual Studio 2013 which only can be accessed using personal computers at the voting center. This project will be beneficial for future use in order to overcome non-repudiation issue.

  17. The Voting Rights Act: Unfulfilled Goals.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Commission on Civil Rights, Washington, DC.

    This report examines the current status of minority voting rights covered by the special provisions of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The special provisions prescribe added protection of minority voting rights in those jurisdictions where discrimination in voting has been most pervasive. The report explains the Voting Rights Act and discusses its…

  18. [Impact of conflicts of interest on guideline recommendations : Empirical study within the second update of the German interdisciplinary S3 guidelines on fibromyalgia syndrome].

    PubMed

    Häuser, W; Petzke, F; Kopp, I; Nothacker, M

    2017-06-01

    The impact of conflicts of interest (COI) in general and of academic COI in particular on guideline recommendations in pain medicine has not yet been studied. Whether the inclusion of patients and of representatives of all relevant healthcare professions into a guidelines group is protective against a systematic bias of decisions of a guidelines group is currently unknown. All members of the guidelines group declared their COI before the consensus conferences by a standard form according to the rules and standards of the Association of the German Medical and Scientific Societies. The acceptance or rejection and the strength of consensus of recommendations of the second update of the interdisciplinary guidelines on fibromyalgia syndrome was analyzed twice by first including and then excluding the votes of the guideline group members with COI related to a recommendation from the results of anonymous voting via an internet platform. A total of 42 persons from different healthcare professions and patients participated in the online voting on recommendations. Of the participants 29% had no COI according to the predefined criteria, 53% met the criteria of academic and 33% the criteria of financial COI. In the case of exclusion of participants with a COI related to a specific recommendation, 2 out of 23 recommendations (homeopathy, tramadol) were not accepted. In all votes, there were more participants without COI than with COI. Academic COI were more frequent than financial COI in the second update of the German interdisciplinary guidelines group on fibromyalgia syndrome. The impact of COI on guideline recommendations was low. The inclusion of patients and of all relevant healthcare professionals into a guidelines group is a protective factor against the influence of COI on guideline recommendations.

  19. 7 CFR 1218.72 - Suspension and termination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BLUEBERRY PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Blueberry Promotion, Research, and Information Order Miscellaneous § 1218.72... voting for approval who also represent a majority of the volume of blueberries represented in the...

  20. 7 CFR 1218.72 - Suspension and termination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BLUEBERRY PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Blueberry Promotion, Research, and Information Order Miscellaneous § 1218.72... voting for approval who also represent a majority of the volume of blueberries represented in the...

  1. 7 CFR 1218.72 - Suspension and termination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BLUEBERRY PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Blueberry Promotion, Research, and Information Order Miscellaneous § 1218.72... voting for approval who also represent a majority of the volume of blueberries represented in the...

  2. 7 CFR 1218.72 - Suspension and termination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BLUEBERRY PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Blueberry Promotion, Research, and Information Order Miscellaneous § 1218.72... voting for approval who also represent a majority of the volume of blueberries represented in the...

  3. 7 CFR 1218.72 - Suspension and termination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BLUEBERRY PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Blueberry Promotion, Research, and Information Order Miscellaneous § 1218.72... voting for approval who also represent a majority of the volume of blueberries represented in the...

  4. 17 CFR 147.6 - Special procedure for closing certain meetings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ...)(i), (9)(ii) or (10), or any combination thereof, may be closed if a majority of Commissioners votes..., 1155 21st Street, NW., Washington, DC 20581. (d) The Commission shall, except to the extent that such...

  5. 77 FR 50761 - GWI Voting Trust and R. Lawrence McCaffery, Voting Trustee-Control Exemption-RailAmerica, Inc...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-22

    ... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Surface Transportation Board [Docket No. FD 35660] GWI Voting Trust and R. Lawrence McCaffery, Voting Trustee-- Control Exemption--RailAmerica, Inc., et al. GWI Voting... company, and R. Lawrence McCaffery, a noncarrier individual (Voting Trustee), (collectively, applicants...

  6. 14 CFR 47.8 - Voting trusts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Voting trusts. 47.8 Section 47.8... REGISTRATION General § 47.8 Voting trusts. (a) If a voting trust is used to qualify a domestic corporation as a... the fully executed voting trust agreement, which must identify each voting interest of the applicant...

  7. Swing voting in the 2016 presidential election in counties where midlife mortality has been rising in white non-Hispanic Americans.

    PubMed

    Bilal, Usama; Knapp, Emily A; Cooper, Richard S

    2018-01-01

    Understanding the effects of widespread disruption of the social fabric on public health outcomes can provide insight into the forces that drive major political realignment. Our objective was to estimate the association between increases in mortality in middle-aged non-Hispanic white adults from 1999 to 2005 to 2009-2015, health inequalities in life expectancy by income, and the surge in support for the Republican Party in pivotal US counties in the 2016 presidential election. We conducted a longitudinal ecological study in 2764 US counties from 1999 to 2016. Increases in mortality were measured using age-specific (45-54 years of age) all-cause mortality from 1999 to 2005 to 2009-2015 at the county level. Support for the Republican Party was measured as the party's vote share in the presidential election in 2016 adjusted for results in 2008 and 2012. We found a significant up-turn in mortality from 1999 to 2005 to 2009-2015 in counties where the Democratic Party won twice (2008 and 2012) but where the Republican Party won in 2016 (+10.7/100,000), as compared to those in which the Democratic Party won in 2016 (-15.7/100,000). An increase in mortality of 15.2/100,000 was associated with a significant (p < 0.001) 1% vote swing from the 2008-2012 average to 2016. We also found that counties with wider health inequalities in life expectancy were more likely to vote Republican in 2016, regardless of the previous voting patterns. Counties with worsening premature mortality in the last 15 years and wider health inequalities shifted votes toward the Republican Party presidential candidate. Further understanding of causes of unanticipated deterioration in health in the general population can inform social policy. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  8. Classification of voting algorithms for N-version software

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tsarev, R. Yu; Durmuş, M. S.; Üstoglu, I.; Morozov, V. A.

    2018-05-01

    A voting algorithm in N-version software is a crucial component that evaluates the execution of each of the N versions and determines the correct result. Obviously, the result of the voting algorithm determines the outcome of the N-version software in general. Thus, the choice of the voting algorithm is a vital issue. A lot of voting algorithms were already developed and they may be selected for implementation based on the specifics of the analysis of input data. However, the voting algorithms applied in N-version software are not classified. This article presents an overview of classic and recent voting algorithms used in N-version software and the authors' classification of the voting algorithms. Moreover, the steps of the voting algorithms are presented and the distinctive features of the voting algorithms in Nversion software are defined.

  9. 22 CFR 1004.5 - Procedures for announcing meetings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... of the meeting, whether it is to be open or closed to the public, and the name and phone number of... announcement shall be made unless a majority of the Board of Directors of the IAF determines by a recorded vote...

  10. 22 CFR 1004.5 - Procedures for announcing meetings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... of the meeting, whether it is to be open or closed to the public, and the name and phone number of... announcement shall be made unless a majority of the Board of Directors of the IAF determines by a recorded vote...

  11. 22 CFR 1004.5 - Procedures for announcing meetings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... of the meeting, whether it is to be open or closed to the public, and the name and phone number of... announcement shall be made unless a majority of the Board of Directors of the IAF determines by a recorded vote...

  12. On improving the efficiency of tensor voting.

    PubMed

    Moreno, Rodrigo; Garcia, Miguel Angel; Puig, Domenec; Pizarro, Luis; Burgeth, Bernhard; Weickert, Joachim

    2011-11-01

    This paper proposes two alternative formulations to reduce the high computational complexity of tensor voting, a robust perceptual grouping technique used to extract salient information from noisy data. The first scheme consists of numerical approximations of the votes, which have been derived from an in-depth analysis of the plate and ball voting processes. The second scheme simplifies the formulation while keeping the same perceptual meaning of the original tensor voting: The stick tensor voting and the stick component of the plate tensor voting must reinforce surfaceness, the plate components of both the plate and ball tensor voting must boost curveness, whereas junctionness must be strengthened by the ball component of the ball tensor voting. Two new parameters have been proposed for the second formulation in order to control the potentially conflictive influence of the stick component of the plate vote and the ball component of the ball vote. Results show that the proposed formulations can be used in applications where efficiency is an issue since they have a complexity of order O(1). Moreover, the second proposed formulation has been shown to be more appropriate than the original tensor voting for estimating saliencies by appropriately setting the two new parameters.

  13. Interior Immigration Enforcement and Political Participation of U.S. Citizens in Mixed-Status Households.

    PubMed

    Amuedo-Dorantes, Catalina; Lopez, Mary J

    2017-12-01

    The 2000s have witnessed an expansion of interior immigration enforcement in the United States. At the same time, the country has experienced a major demographic transformation, with the number of U.S. citizens living in mixed-status households-that is, households where at least one family member is an unauthorized migrant-reaching 16 million. U.S. citizens living in mixed-status households are personally connected to the struggles experienced by their unauthorized family members. For them, immigration policy is likely to shape their current and future voting behavior. Using data from the 2002-2014 Current Population Survey Voting and Registration Supplements, we examine whether intensified immigration enforcement has affected the political engagement of U.S. citizens living in mixed-status households. We find that immigration enforcement has chilled their electoral participation by lowering their propensity to register by 5 %; however, it has not visibly affected their voting propensity among those registered. Importantly, their lower voting registration likelihood does not seem to reflect indifference for community and public matters, given that it has been accompanied by greater involvement in civic forms of political participation, such as volunteering. Understanding how immigration policy affects the political participation of a fast-growing segment of the electorate is imperative because they will inevitably constitute a rapidly rising political force in future elections.

  14. 28 CFR 51.31 - Communications concerning voting suits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Communications concerning voting suits... Groups § 51.31 Communications concerning voting suits. Individuals and groups are urged to notify the Chief, Voting Section, Civil Rights Division, of litigation concerning voting in jurisdictions subject...

  15. 28 CFR 51.31 - Communications concerning voting suits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... ADMINISTRATION OF SECTION 5 OF THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965, AS AMENDED Communications From Individuals and... Chief, Voting Section, Civil Rights Division, of litigation concerning voting in jurisdictions subject... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Communications concerning voting suits...

  16. Using Elicited Choice Probabilities in Hypothetical Elections to Study Decisions to Vote

    PubMed Central

    Delavande, Adeline; Manski, Charles F.

    2015-01-01

    This paper demonstrates the feasibility and usefulness of survey research asking respondents to report voting probabilities in hypothetical election scenarios. Posing scenarios enriches the data available for studies of voting decisions, as a researcher can pose many more and varied scenarios than the elections that persons actually face. Multiple scenarios were presented to over 4,000 participants in the American Life Panel (ALP). Each described a hypothetical presidential election, giving characteristics measuring candidate preference, closeness of the election, and the time cost of voting. Persons were asked the probability that they would vote in this election and were willing and able to respond. We analyzed the data through direct study of the variation of voting probabilities with election characteristics and through estimation of a random utility model of voting. Voting time and election closeness were notable determinants of decisions to vote, but not candidate preference. Most findings were corroborated through estimation of a model fit to ALP data on respondents' actual voting behavior in the 2012 election. PMID:25705068

  17. Voting rights for psychiatric patients: compromise of the integrity of elections, or empowerment and integration into the community?

    PubMed

    Doron, Adiel; Kurs, Rena; Stolovy, Tali; Secker-Einbinder, Aya; Raba, Alla

    2014-01-01

    Participation of the mentally-ill in elections promotes integration into the community. In many countries, individuals with compromised mental incompetence who have legal guardians are denied the right to vote. In Israel, mental health consumers are eligible to vote. We evaluated the capacity of psychiatric inpatients with and without legal guardians to understand the nature and effect of voting. Fifty-six inpatients with/without legal guardians were recruited to the study. Participants completed the Competency AssessmentTool for Voting (CAT-V), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the Mini-Mental State Exam. Cluster analysis determined voting capacity using CAT-V as a continuous variable. Subjects who scored >1.6 on the CAT-V (59%) had high capacity to vote. Subjects without guardians revealed significantly higher capacity to vote. Voting capacity positively correlated with cognitive state and negatively correlated with severity of illness. Among patients with legal guardians those who scored >1.6 on the CAT-V maintained the capacity to vote. The right to vote is an important basic right for individuals coping with mental disorders.However, it is important to evaluate the capacity to understand the voting process among individuals with mental disorders who have legal guardians. Thus, the integrity of the elections would be preserved by eliminating the risk of undue influence or manipulation of individuals who lack the capacity to understand the nature and meaning of voting, while preserving the right to vote for those with the capacity to do so, whether or not they have guardians.

  18. 78 FR 42761 - Proposed Information Collection-2014 Election Administration and Voting Survey; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-17

    ... Voting Survey; Comment Request AGENCY: U.S. Election Assistance Commission (EAC). ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY... Administration and Voting Survey) to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget for approval. The 2014 Election Administration and Voting Survey (Survey) asks election officials questions concerning voting and...

  19. Secure Biometric E-Voting Scheme

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ahmed, Taha Kh.; Aborizka, Mohamed

    The implementation of the e-voting becomes more substantial with the rapid increase of e-government development. The recent growth in communications and cryptographic techniques facilitate the implementation of e-voting. Many countries introduced e-voting systems; unfortunately most of these systems are not fully functional. In this paper we will present an e-voting scheme that covers most of the e-voting requirements, smart card and biometric recognition technology were implemented to guarantee voter's privacy and authentication.

  20. Conditions for exercising residents' voting rights in long-term care residences: a prospective multicenter study.

    PubMed

    Bosquet, Antoine; El Massioui, Farid; Mahé, Isabelle

    2015-01-01

    To assess voting conditions in long-term care settings, we conducted a multicenter survey after the 2009 European elections in France. A questionnaire about voting procedures and European elections was proposed in 146 out of 884 randomized facilities. Sixty-four percent of facilities answered the questionnaire. Four percent of residents voted (national turnout: 40%), by proxy (58%) or at polling places (42%). Abstention related to procedural issues was reported in 32% of facilities. Sixty-seven percent of establishments had voting procedures, and 53% declared that they assessed residents' capacity to vote. Assistance was proposed to residents for voter registration, for proxy voting, and for voting at polling places, respectively, in 33%, 87%, and 80% of facilities. This survey suggests that residents may be disenfranchised and that more progress should be made to protect the voting rights of residents in long-term care facilities.

  1. Family planning policy in the United States: the converging politics of abortion and contraception.

    PubMed

    Aiken, Abigail R A; Scott, James G

    2016-05-01

    Following decades of mainstream bipartisan support, contraception has reemerged as a controversial political issue in the United States. At the same time, opposition to abortion has intensified. State legislatures across the country have enacted highly visible policies limiting access to family planning. Perhaps the most striking example occurred in 2011 in Texas, when legislators instituted unprecedented requirements on abortion providers and cut public funding for contraception by two thirds. Yet, despite popular interpretations of this phenomenon as a simple byproduct of increasing partisan divisions, little is understood about the factors underlying such policy shifts. We fit Bayesian ideal-point models to analyze correlation patterns in record-vote data in the Texas House of Representatives in the 2003 and 2011 Legislatures. Both sessions had large Republican majorities and saw the passage of restrictive abortion bills, but they differed markedly with respect to public funding for contraception. We demonstrate that variation in voting on family-planning issues cannot be fully attributed to partisanship in either session. However, the politics of abortion and contraception have converged over time, and - at least for Democrats - the correlation between constituency characteristics and voting behavior on family-planning legislation is markedly higher in 2011 than in 2003. These shifts have been partly driven by legislators from high-poverty, majority Latino districts near the US-Mexico border. Recent dramatic shifts in family-planning policy go beyond simple partisan divisions. As the politics of abortion and contraception have converged, policies that are increasingly hostile to reproductive health and that disproportionately affect low-income minority women have emerged. Recent shifts in family-planning policy restrict women's access to contraception and abortion, yet little research has examined why such shifts are occurring. This paper analyzes factors underlying voting behavior on restrictive policies in Texas. Identification of these factors helps us to better understand the current political climate surrounding our field. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  2. Voting Intention and Choices: Are Voters Always Rational and Deliberative?

    PubMed Central

    Lee, I-Ching; Chen, Eva E.; Tsai, Chia-Hung; Yen, Nai-Shing; Chen, Arbee L. P.; Lin, Wei-Chieh

    2016-01-01

    Human rationality–the ability to behave in order to maximize the achievement of their presumed goals (i.e., their optimal choices)–is the foundation for democracy. Research evidence has suggested that voters may not make decisions after exhaustively processing relevant information; instead, our decision-making capacity may be restricted by our own biases and the environment. In this paper, we investigate the extent to which humans in a democratic society can be rational when making decisions in a serious, complex situation–voting in a local political election. We believe examining human rationality in a political election is important, because a well-functioning democracy rests largely upon the rational choices of individual voters. Previous research has shown that explicit political attitudes predict voting intention and choices (i.e., actual votes) in democratic societies, indicating that people are able to reason comprehensively when making voting decisions. Other work, though, has demonstrated that the attitudes of which we may not be aware, such as our implicit (e.g., subconscious) preferences, can predict voting choices, which may question the well-functioning democracy. In this study, we systematically examined predictors on voting intention and choices in the 2014 mayoral election in Taipei, Taiwan. Results indicate that explicit political party preferences had the largest impact on voting intention and choices. Moreover, implicit political party preferences interacted with explicit political party preferences in accounting for voting intention, and in turn predicted voting choices. Ethnic identity and perceived voting intention of significant others were found to predict voting choices, but not voting intention. In sum, to the comfort of democracy, voters appeared to engage mainly explicit, controlled processes in making their decisions; but findings on ethnic identity and perceived voting intention of significant others may suggest otherwise. PMID:26886266

  3. Voting Intention and Choices: Are Voters Always Rational and Deliberative?

    PubMed

    Lee, I-Ching; Chen, Eva E; Tsai, Chia-Hung; Yen, Nai-Shing; Chen, Arbee L P; Lin, Wei-Chieh

    2016-01-01

    Human rationality--the ability to behave in order to maximize the achievement of their presumed goals (i.e., their optimal choices)--is the foundation for democracy. Research evidence has suggested that voters may not make decisions after exhaustively processing relevant information; instead, our decision-making capacity may be restricted by our own biases and the environment. In this paper, we investigate the extent to which humans in a democratic society can be rational when making decisions in a serious, complex situation-voting in a local political election. We believe examining human rationality in a political election is important, because a well-functioning democracy rests largely upon the rational choices of individual voters. Previous research has shown that explicit political attitudes predict voting intention and choices (i.e., actual votes) in democratic societies, indicating that people are able to reason comprehensively when making voting decisions. Other work, though, has demonstrated that the attitudes of which we may not be aware, such as our implicit (e.g., subconscious) preferences, can predict voting choices, which may question the well-functioning democracy. In this study, we systematically examined predictors on voting intention and choices in the 2014 mayoral election in Taipei, Taiwan. Results indicate that explicit political party preferences had the largest impact on voting intention and choices. Moreover, implicit political party preferences interacted with explicit political party preferences in accounting for voting intention, and in turn predicted voting choices. Ethnic identity and perceived voting intention of significant others were found to predict voting choices, but not voting intention. In sum, to the comfort of democracy, voters appeared to engage mainly explicit, controlled processes in making their decisions; but findings on ethnic identity and perceived voting intention of significant others may suggest otherwise.

  4. Dual redundant core memory systems

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hull, F. E.

    1972-01-01

    Electronic memory system consisting of series redundant drive switch circuits, triple redundant majority voted memory timing functions, and two data registers to provide functional dual redundancy is described. Signal flow through the circuits is illustrated and equence of events which occur within the memory system is explained.

  5. 7 CFR 1216.81 - Implementation of the Order.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PEANUT PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Peanut Promotion, Research, and Information Order Miscellaneous § 1216.81 Implementation of... majority of the peanut producers as defined in § 1216.21 voting in a referendum who, during a...

  6. 7 CFR 1216.81 - Implementation of the Order.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PEANUT PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Peanut Promotion, Research, and Information Order Miscellaneous § 1216.81 Implementation of... majority of the peanut producers as defined in § 1216.21 voting in a referendum who, during a...

  7. 29 CFR 452.114 - Write-in votes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Write-in votes. 452.114 Section 452.114 Labor Regulations... OF 1959 Election Procedures; Rights of Members § 452.114 Write-in votes. Where write-in votes are... an election complaint under section 402 and then only if the arrangements for write-in votes were so...

  8. 11 CFR 110.18 - Voting age population.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 11 Federal Elections 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Voting age population. 110.18 Section 110.18... PROHIBITIONS § 110.18 Voting age population. There is annually published by the Department of Commerce in the Federal Register an estimate of the voting age population based on an estimate of the voting age...

  9. 11 CFR 110.18 - Voting age population.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 11 Federal Elections 1 2013-01-01 2012-01-01 true Voting age population. 110.18 Section 110.18... PROHIBITIONS § 110.18 Voting age population. There is annually published by the Department of Commerce in the Federal Register an estimate of the voting age population based on an estimate of the voting age...

  10. 11 CFR 110.18 - Voting age population.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 11 Federal Elections 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Voting age population. 110.18 Section 110.18... PROHIBITIONS § 110.18 Voting age population. There is annually published by the Department of Commerce in the Federal Register an estimate of the voting age population based on an estimate of the voting age...

  11. 11 CFR 110.18 - Voting age population.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 11 Federal Elections 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Voting age population. 110.18 Section 110.18... PROHIBITIONS § 110.18 Voting age population. There is annually published by the Department of Commerce in the Federal Register an estimate of the voting age population based on an estimate of the voting age...

  12. 29 CFR 452.94 - Reasonable opportunity to vote.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... DISCLOSURE ACT OF 1959 Right To Vote § 452.94 Reasonable opportunity to vote. The statutory protection of the right to vote implies that there must be a reasonable opportunity to vote. Thus, there is an obligation... ways, depending on factors such as the distance between the members' work site or homes and the polling...

  13. 31 CFR 800.228 - Voting interest.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Voting interest. 800.228 Section 800... TAKEOVERS BY FOREIGN PERSONS Definitions § 800.228 Voting interest. The term voting interest means any interest in an entity that entitles the owner or holder of that interest to vote for the election of...

  14. 31 CFR 800.228 - Voting interest.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Voting interest. 800.228 Section 800... TAKEOVERS BY FOREIGN PERSONS Definitions § 800.228 Voting interest. The term voting interest means any interest in an entity that entitles the owner or holder of that interest to vote for the election of...

  15. ATLAS (Automatic Tool for Local Assembly Structures) - A Comprehensive Infrastructure for Assembly, Annotation, and Genomic Binning of Metagenomic and Metaranscripomic Data

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    White, Richard A.; Brown, Joseph M.; Colby, Sean M.

    ATLAS (Automatic Tool for Local Assembly Structures) is a comprehensive multiomics data analysis pipeline that is massively parallel and scalable. ATLAS contains a modular analysis pipeline for assembly, annotation, quantification and genome binning of metagenomics and metatranscriptomics data and a framework for reference metaproteomic database construction. ATLAS transforms raw sequence data into functional and taxonomic data at the microbial population level and provides genome-centric resolution through genome binning. ATLAS provides robust taxonomy based on majority voting of protein coding open reading frames rolled-up at the contig level using modified lowest common ancestor (LCA) analysis. ATLAS provides robust taxonomy based onmore » majority voting of protein coding open reading frames rolled-up at the contig level using modified lowest common ancestor (LCA) analysis. ATLAS is user-friendly, easy install through bioconda maintained as open-source on GitHub, and is implemented in Snakemake for modular customizable workflows.« less

  16. Integration of Multi-Modal Biomedical Data to Predict Cancer Grade and Patient Survival.

    PubMed

    Phan, John H; Hoffman, Ryan; Kothari, Sonal; Wu, Po-Yen; Wang, May D

    2016-02-01

    The Big Data era in Biomedical research has resulted in large-cohort data repositories such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). These repositories routinely contain hundreds of matched patient samples for genomic, proteomic, imaging, and clinical data modalities, enabling holistic and multi-modal integrative analysis of human disease. Using TCGA renal and ovarian cancer data, we conducted a novel investigation of multi-modal data integration by combining histopathological image and RNA-seq data. We compared the performances of two integrative prediction methods: majority vote and stacked generalization. Results indicate that integration of multiple data modalities improves prediction of cancer grade and outcome. Specifically, stacked generalization, a method that integrates multiple data modalities to produce a single prediction result, outperforms both single-data-modality prediction and majority vote. Moreover, stacked generalization reveals the contribution of each data modality (and specific features within each data modality) to the final prediction result and may provide biological insights to explain prediction performance.

  17. Your Voice, Your Vote: A Lesson with Website Resources

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mathys, Lori; Bennett, Linda

    2006-01-01

    This article describes several websites that can be used to encourage students to vote. These include "The Democracy Project: Inside the Voting Booth" sponsored by PBS. This site addresses three elementary topics: how one vote has made a difference in U.S. history, how the right to vote has gradually been expanded to include minorities (African…

  18. 29 CFR 417.25 - Certification of results of vote.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Certification of results of vote. 417.25 Section 417.25... results of vote. Upon receipt of the report of the Assistant Secretary's Representative on the hearing and vote on removal, the Assistant Secretary shall certify the results of the vote to the court as required...

  19. 29 CFR 417.25 - Certification of results of vote.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Certification of results of vote. 417.25 Section 417.25... results of vote. Upon receipt of the report of the Director's Representative on the hearing and vote on removal, the Director shall certify the results of the vote to the court as required by section 402(c) of...

  20. 29 CFR 417.25 - Certification of results of vote.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Certification of results of vote. 417.25 Section 417.25... results of vote. Upon receipt of the report of the Director's Representative on the hearing and vote on removal, the Director shall certify the results of the vote to the court as required by section 402(c) of...

  1. 29 CFR 417.25 - Certification of results of vote.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Certification of results of vote. 417.25 Section 417.25... results of vote. Upon receipt of the report of the Assistant Secretary's Representative on the hearing and vote on removal, the Assistant Secretary shall certify the results of the vote to the court as required...

  2. 29 CFR 417.25 - Certification of results of vote.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Certification of results of vote. 417.25 Section 417.25... results of vote. Upon receipt of the report of the Assistant Secretary's Representative on the hearing and vote on removal, the Assistant Secretary shall certify the results of the vote to the court as required...

  3. Canada Votes: How We Elect Our Government. Second Revised Edition.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Granfield, Linda

    This information book provides a student text on voting procedures in Canada. The short sections provide easy reading on the federal electoral process in Canada. Students read about who can vote, how and when women and minorities won voting rights, the different parties, the voting process --both present and past, and election day happenings.…

  4. 12 CFR 303.83 - Transactions not requiring prior notice.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... increase in ownership of voting shares resulting from a redemption of voting shares by the issuing bank or... acquisiition of additional voting shares of an insured state nonmember bank or a parent company by a person who: (i) Held the power to vote 25 percent or more of any class of voting shares of the institution...

  5. 29 CFR 452.91 - Voting by employers, supervisors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... AND DISCLOSURE ACT OF 1959 Right To Vote § 452.91 Voting by employers, supervisors. Voting in union... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Voting by employers, supervisors. 452.91 Section 452.91... management is not precluded by title IV of the Act even if they are not required to maintain union membership...

  6. 29 CFR 452.91 - Voting by employers, supervisors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... AND DISCLOSURE ACT OF 1959 Right To Vote § 452.91 Voting by employers, supervisors. Voting in union... 29 Labor 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Voting by employers, supervisors. 452.91 Section 452.91... management is not precluded by title IV of the Act even if they are not required to maintain union membership...

  7. 28 CFR 55.5 - Coverage under section 4(f)(4).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT REGARDING LANGUAGE MINORITY GROUPS Nature of Coverage § 55.5 Coverage under... which (1) Over five percent of the voting-age citizens were, on November 1, 1972, members of a single... 1, 1972, and (3) Fewer than 50 percent of the voting-age citizens were registered to vote or voted...

  8. 28 CFR 55.5 - Coverage under section 4(f)(4).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT REGARDING LANGUAGE MINORITY GROUPS Nature of Coverage § 55.5 Coverage under... which (1) Over five percent of the voting-age citizens were, on November 1, 1972, members of a single... 1, 1972, and (3) Fewer than 50 percent of the voting-age citizens were registered to vote or voted...

  9. Absentee Voting among Privately-Employed U.S. Citizens Living Overseas: Findings from the 1978 Post-Election Voting Survey (Form B).

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1979-06-01

    citizens who live overseas. The questions concerned absentee voting experiences in the 1978 general election, interest in the election, sources of...cast ballots in the 1978 election. The most frequently cited reason for not voting was lack of information on absentee voting procedures. (Author)

  10. Training Program in Marine Molecular Biology

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1989-09-01

    marine biology, to the techniques of modern cell and molecular biology. Marine biology has been slow to apply these techniques for a number of...Beckman Instruments and Pharmacia--LKB. These two companies are due a major vote of thanks for their cooperation and generosity. Many individuals from...the two companies were involved, but particular thanks go to Tim Stebbins (Beckman), Mike Cammarata and Julie Perinne (Pharmacia--LKB) for their major

  11. Voting at 16: Turnout and the quality of vote choice.

    PubMed

    Wagner, Markus; Johann, David; Kritzinger, Sylvia

    2012-06-01

    Critics of giving citizens under 18 the right to vote argue that such teenagers lack the ability and motivation to participate effectively in elections. If this argument is true, lowering the voting age would have negative consequences for the quality of democracy. We test the argument using survey data from Austria, the only European country with a voting age of 16 in nation-wide elections. While the turnout levels of young people under 18 are relatively low, their failure to vote cannot be explained by a lower ability or motivation to participate. In addition, the quality of these citizens' choices is similar to that of older voters, so they do cast votes in ways that enable their interests to be represented equally well. These results are encouraging for supporters of a lower voting age.

  12. Achieving Learning Objectives through E-Voting Case Studies

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bishop, Matt; Frincke, Deb

    2007-01-01

    The recent explosion in the use of electronic voting machines provides a wonderful opportunity to teach students about computer security. Because voting is the cornerstone of any democracy or republic, the need for secure voting systems is obvious. Further, students are familiar with how to vote. But the complexity of mapping a traditional process of voting using secret ballots to an electronic environment shows the difficulties of implementing secure processes and systems. In this article, we show a high level mapping from selected security and privacy education outcomes into a target ‘case study’ of developing electronic voting machines intended formore » traditional secret ballot elections. Our intent is to motivate both a set of lessons specifically involving e-voting, as well as illustrating the usefulness of having a mapping from outcomes to simplified case studies.« less

  13. [Voting by cognitively impaired persons: legal and ethical issues].

    PubMed

    Bosquet, Antoine; Medjkane, Amar; Vinceneux, Philippe; Mahé, Isabelle

    2010-03-01

    In democratic countries, cognitively impaired persons are a substantial and growing group of citizens. Most of them are citizens with dementia. In dementia, cognitive impairment induces a loss of some capacities, resulting in vulnerability and increased need for assistance. Voting by cognitively impaired persons raises any questions about the integrity of the electoral process, the risk of fraud and the respect of their citizenship. In France, the law is not definite about the voting of cognitively impaired persons. An objective assessment for voting capacity may be useful both for professionals in charge of voting organisation and for guardianship judge in order to help him in his decision to remove or keep the voting right of persons placed under guardianship. Assessing the reality of voting by cognitively impaired citizens is necessary to advance respect for their right to vote.

  14. Formal design and verification of a reliable computing platform for real-time control (phase 3 results)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Butler, Ricky W.; Divito, Ben L.; Holloway, C. Michael

    1994-01-01

    In this paper the design and formal verification of the lower levels of the Reliable Computing Platform (RCP), a fault-tolerant computing system for digital flight control applications, are presented. The RCP uses NMR-style redundancy to mask faults and internal majority voting to flush the effects of transient faults. Two new layers of the RCP hierarchy are introduced: the Minimal Voting refinement (DA_minv) of the Distributed Asynchronous (DA) model and the Local Executive (LE) Model. Both the DA_minv model and the LE model are specified formally and have been verified using the Ehdm verification system. All specifications and proofs are available electronically via the Internet using anonymous FTP or World Wide Web (WWW) access.

  15. 12 CFR 308.172 - Eligibility of applicants.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... for remuneration for the applicant, under its direction and control, on the date the adversary... indirectly owns or controls a majority of the voting shares. The Board of Directors may, however, on the... addition, the Board of Directors may determine that financial relationships of the applicant other than...

  16. 47 CFR 101.1412 - MVDDS eligibility restrictions for cable operators.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... effected. (8) An interest in a Limited Liability Company (LLC) or Registered Limited Liability Partnership... interests (including limited partnership interests) amounting to 20 percent or more of the total partnership.... Controlling interest means majority voting equity ownership, any general partnership interest, or any means of...

  17. Radiation and Electromagnetic Induction Data Fusion for Detection of Buried Radioactive Metal Waste - 12282

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Long, Zhiling; Wei, Wei; Turlapaty, Anish

    2012-07-01

    At the United States Army's test sites, fired penetrators made of Depleted Uranium (DU) have been buried under ground and become hazardous waste. Previously, we developed techniques for detecting buried radioactive targets. We also developed approaches for locating buried paramagnetic metal objects by utilizing the electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensor data. In this paper, we apply data fusion techniques to combine results from both the radiation detection and the EMI detection, so that we can further distinguish among DU penetrators, DU oxide, and non- DU metal debris. We develop a two-step fusion approach for the task, and test it with surveymore » data collected on simulation targets. In this work, we explored radiation and EMI data fusion for detecting DU, oxides, and non-DU metals. We developed a two-step fusion approach based on majority voting and a set of decision rules. With this approach, we fuse results from radiation detection based on the RX algorithm and EMI detection based on a 3-step analysis. Our fusion approach has been tested successfully with data collected on simulation targets. In the future, we will need to further verify the effectiveness of this fusion approach with field data. (authors)« less

  18. Do Online Voting Patterns Reflect Evolved Features of Human Cognition? An Exploratory Empirical Investigation.

    PubMed

    Priestley, Maria; Mesoudi, Alex

    2015-01-01

    Online votes or ratings can assist internet users in evaluating the credibility and appeal of the information which they encounter. For example, aggregator websites such as Reddit allow users to up-vote submitted content to make it more prominent, and down-vote content to make it less prominent. Here we argue that decisions over what to up- or down-vote may be guided by evolved features of human cognition. We predict that internet users should be more likely to up-vote content that others have also up-voted (social influence), content that has been submitted by particularly liked or respected users (model-based bias), content that constitutes evolutionarily salient or relevant information (content bias), and content that follows group norms and, in particular, prosocial norms. 489 respondents from the online social voting community Reddit rated the extent to which they felt different traits influenced their voting. Statistical analyses confirmed that norm-following and prosociality, as well as various content biases such as emotional content and originality, were rated as important motivators of voting. Social influence had a smaller effect than expected, while attitudes towards the submitter had little effect. This exploratory empirical investigation suggests that online voting communities can provide an important test-bed for evolutionary theories of human social information use, and that evolved features of human cognition may guide online behaviour just as it guides behaviour in the offline world.

  19. Recognition of multiple imbalanced cancer types based on DNA microarray data using ensemble classifiers.

    PubMed

    Yu, Hualong; Hong, Shufang; Yang, Xibei; Ni, Jun; Dan, Yuanyuan; Qin, Bin

    2013-01-01

    DNA microarray technology can measure the activities of tens of thousands of genes simultaneously, which provides an efficient way to diagnose cancer at the molecular level. Although this strategy has attracted significant research attention, most studies neglect an important problem, namely, that most DNA microarray datasets are skewed, which causes traditional learning algorithms to produce inaccurate results. Some studies have considered this problem, yet they merely focus on binary-class problem. In this paper, we dealt with multiclass imbalanced classification problem, as encountered in cancer DNA microarray, by using ensemble learning. We utilized one-against-all coding strategy to transform multiclass to multiple binary classes, each of them carrying out feature subspace, which is an evolving version of random subspace that generates multiple diverse training subsets. Next, we introduced one of two different correction technologies, namely, decision threshold adjustment or random undersampling, into each training subset to alleviate the damage of class imbalance. Specifically, support vector machine was used as base classifier, and a novel voting rule called counter voting was presented for making a final decision. Experimental results on eight skewed multiclass cancer microarray datasets indicate that unlike many traditional classification approaches, our methods are insensitive to class imbalance.

  20. Acceptability of willingness to pay techniques to consumers.

    PubMed

    Taylor, Susan J; Armour, Carol L

    2002-12-01

    The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the proportion of usable responses and protest votes obtained with two willingness to pay (WTP) techniques, contingent valuation (CV) and discrete choice experiment (DCE) and to assess the acceptability of the techniques to respondents. Pregnant women attending the public antenatal clinics of a Sydney teaching hospital were surveyed. Preference for either Treatment A (artificial rupture of the membranes followed by intravenous oxytocin) or Treatment B (prostaglandin E2 gel followed by oxytocin if necessary) was assessed. Then WTP for the preferred treatments was assessed using CV and WTP for specific attributes of the treatments in the DCE. In addition, the acceptability of the two techniques was compared in terms of responses deemed to be valid according to defined criteria, protest votes and comments recorded by consumers. With the CV, 74% of respondents chose gel and their maximum WTP was Aus$178 compared with $133 for the alternative. A total of 68% of responses were deemed to be valid including 5% who may have been expressing a protest vote. With the DCE, respondents were WTP $55 for every 1 h reduction in the length of time from induction to delivery. A total of 72% of responses were deemed valid and only two of these 258 women were considered to have expressed a protest vote. Only a small number of women expressed objections to the use of WTP questions in health-care and the majority of women completed both questions successfully.

  1. Assessment of DoD Voting Assistance Programs for Calendar Year 2015

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-03-31

    Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (UOCAVA) (Title 52, United States Code...Chapter 203) provides the legal basis for absentee voting requirements for Federal offices. It requires that each state permit absent Uniformed...Services voters and overseas voters to use absentee registration procedures to vote by absentee ballot in general, special, primary, and runoff elections

  2. Marijuana policy opinions in Washington state since legalization: Would voters vote the same way?

    PubMed

    Subbaraman, Meenakshi Sabina; Kerr, William C

    2016-12-01

    In 2012, voters in Washington state approved Initiative 502 (I-502) which legalized recreational marijuana use at the state level. This study examines the relationship between demographics, marijuana and alcohol use, and voting outcomes, as well as how these variables relate to (i) whether voters would still vote the same way (a reflection of satisfaction with the new policy) and (ii) the likelihood of using marijuana purchased from legal retail stores. The sample consists of 2,007 adult Washington state residents recruited through Random Digit Dial between January and October 2014. Bivariate tests and multivariable regressions were used for analyses. Less than five percent of those who voted for marijuana legalization would change their votes, whereas 14% of those who voted against legalization would change their votes. In multivariable models controlling for demographics, substance use, and marijuana-related opinions, those who voted for legalization had half the odds of changing their votes than those who voted against it. Among past-year non-marijuana users, almost 10% were somewhat/very likely to use marijuana if they could buy it from a legal store. Past marijuana use, the belief that adults should be allowed to grow marijuana for personal use, and the belief that marijuana is not very risky for health were all related to increased likelihood of using marijuana purchased from legal stores. Since November 2012, support for marijuana legalization in Washington state has increased; accounting for the proportion of voters who would change their votes suggests that I-502 would pass today with even more votes in favor.

  3. 12 CFR 1807.104 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... means any entity that Controls, is Controlled by, or is under common Control with, an entity; (c...) Control means: (1) Ownership, control, or power to vote 25 percent or more of the outstanding shares of... other persons; (2) Control in any manner over the election of a majority of the directors, trustees, or...

  4. 12 CFR 1807.104 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... means any entity that Controls, is Controlled by, or is under common Control with, an entity; (c...) Control means: (1) Ownership, control, or power to vote 25 percent or more of the outstanding shares of... other persons; (2) Control in any manner over the election of a majority of the directors, trustees, or...

  5. 40 CFR 1603.6 - Business requiring a meeting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Business requiring a meeting. 1603.6... THE GOVERNMENT IN THE SUNSHINE ACT § 1603.6 Business requiring a meeting. The Board may, by majority vote of its Members, determine that particular items or classes of Board business cannot be...

  6. An Economics Primer for Educators.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Texas Education Agency, Austin. Div. of Curriculum Development.

    This publication provides an introduction to basic concepts that form the core of economics education and gives a framework for curriculum planning and teaching. A brief introduction addresses the topic "Why study economics?" One major reason for promoting economic education may be to create a literate voting population. Fourteen concepts are then…

  7. 28 CFR 16.203 - Closed meetings-Formal procedure.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Closed meetings-Formal procedure. 16.203... INFORMATION Public Observation of Parole Commission Meetings § 16.203 Closed meetings—Formal procedure. (a) The Commission, by majority vote, may close to public observation any meeting or portion thereof, and...

  8. 40 CFR 1603.6 - Business requiring a meeting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 33 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Business requiring a meeting. 1603.6... THE GOVERNMENT IN THE SUNSHINE ACT § 1603.6 Business requiring a meeting. The Board may, by majority vote of its Members, determine that particular items or classes of Board business cannot be...

  9. 13 CFR 124.515 - Can a Participant change its ownership or control and continue to perform an 8(a) contract, and...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... of a majority of the voting stock of the concern in order to raise equity capital, but only if— (i... financing; (2) Ownership and control of the concern that is performing the 8(a) contract will pass to...

  10. Inference for an Experiment based on Repeated Majority Votes.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1985-10-15

    with the experimental setup used, if paranormal abilities do exist they may operate on the sequence as a whole, and the trials may not be independent so...assumption in the ESP experiment, since paranormal abilities, if they exist, may operate on the entire sequence as a whole. With this assumption

  11. The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act: Background and Issues

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-03-08

    Order Code RS20764 Updated March 8, 2007 The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act: Background and Issues Kevin J. Coleman Analyst in...register and vote absentee in federal elections under the provisions of the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (UOCAVA) of 1986. The law was...enacted to improve absentee registration and voting for this group of voters and to consolidate existing laws. Since 1942, several federal laws have

  12. Does science speak clearly and fairly in trade and food safety disputes? The search for an optimal response of WTO adjudication to problematic international standard-making.

    PubMed

    Ni, Kuei-Jung

    2013-01-01

    Most international health-related standards are voluntary per se. However, the incorporation of international standard-making into WTO agreements like the SPS Agreement has drastically changed the status and effectiveness of the standards. WTO members are urged to follow international standards, even when not required to comply fully with them. Indeed, such standards have attained great influence in the trade system. Yet evidence shows that the credibility of the allegedly scientific approach of these international standard-setting institutions, especially the Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex) governing food safety standards, has been eroded and diluted by industrial and political influences. Its decision-making is no longer based on consensus, but voting. The adoption of new safety limits for the veterinary drug ractopamine in 2012, by a very close vote, is simply another instance of the problematic operations of the Codex. These dynamics have led skeptics to question the legitimacy of the standard setting body and to propose solutions to rectify the situation. Prior WTO rulings have yet to pay attention to the defect in the decision-making processes of the Codex. Nevertheless, the recent Appellate Body decision on Hormones II is indicative of a deferential approach to national measures that are distinct from Codex formulas. The ruling also rejects the reliance on those experts who authored the Codex standards to assess new measures of the European Community. This approach provides an opportunity to contemplate what the proper relationship between the WTO and Codex ought to be. Through a critical review of WTO rulings and academic proposals, this article aims to analyze how the WTO ought to define such interactions and respond to the politicized standard-making process in an optimal manner. This article argues that building a more systematic approach and normative basis for WTO judicial review of standard-setting decisions and the selection of technical experts would be instrumental to strengthening the mutual supports between the WTO and international standard-setting organizations, and may help avoid the introduction of a prejudice toward a justified science finding.

  13. Voting by older adults with cognitive impairments.

    PubMed

    Karlawish, Jason

    2008-02-01

    This presidential election year reminds us of the importance of each vote and of the integrity of the electoral process. Recent elections have been decided by very narrow margins. In this context, the voting rights and capacity of persons with dementia warrant attention. About 4.5 million Americans currently live with dementia. Whether these citizens should vote raises a host of ethical, legal, and practical issues. At what point does someone lose the capacity to vote, and who decides? What kinds of assistance should these voters get, and who should provide it? And how can the voting rights of residents in long-term care facilities be protected?

  14. Tensor voting for image correction by global and local intensity alignment.

    PubMed

    Jia, Jiaya; Tang, Chi-Keung

    2005-01-01

    This paper presents a voting method to perform image correction by global and local intensity alignment. The key to our modeless approach is the estimation of global and local replacement functions by reducing the complex estimation problem to the robust 2D tensor voting in the corresponding voting spaces. No complicated model for replacement function (curve) is assumed. Subject to the monotonic constraint only, we vote for an optimal replacement function by propagating the curve smoothness constraint using a dense tensor field. Our method effectively infers missing curve segments and rejects image outliers. Applications using our tensor voting approach are proposed and described. The first application consists of image mosaicking of static scenes, where the voted replacement functions are used in our iterative registration algorithm for computing the best warping matrix. In the presence of occlusion, our replacement function can be employed to construct a visually acceptable mosaic by detecting occlusion which has large and piecewise constant color. Furthermore, by the simultaneous consideration of color matches and spatial constraints in the voting space, we perform image intensity compensation and high contrast image correction using our voting framework, when only two defective input images are given.

  15. The Vote and Vax program: public health at polling places.

    PubMed

    Shenson, Douglas; Adams, Mary

    2008-01-01

    Although influenza-associated illness is a major cause of hospitalizations and death among older Americans, only half of adults aged 50 or older-for whom influenza vaccinations are recommended-receive an annual influenza vaccination. National elections, which draw a large number of older voters, take place during influenza vaccination season and represent an untapped opportunity for large-scale delivery of vaccinations. In 2006, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation launched a program to evaluate the feasibility of delivering influenza vaccinations near polling places. Twenty-five public health agencies were each provided grants of $8000 and asked to implement at least two Vote and Vax clinics. Immunizers were required to obtain prior permission from local election authorities and to charge fees as they would at their other community-based clinics. Influenza vaccination had to be made available both to voters and to nonvoters. On election day, the initiative delivered 13790 influenza vaccinations at 127 polling places in 14 states. More than 80 percent of adult vaccine recipients were in the Centers for Disease Prevention and Control-defined priority groups and 28 percent were "new" influenza vaccination recipients. Vote and Vax is a potentially national strategy that could significantly expand the delivery of influenza vaccinations.

  16. Is it inherently prejudicial to try a juvenile as an adult?

    PubMed

    Levine, M; Williams, A; Sixt, A; Valenti, R

    2001-01-01

    Given only information that a youth who could have been tried as either an adult or as a juvenile was being tried as an adult for murder, 218 undergraduate mock jurors were able to form consistent impressions of the defendant. A very high percent of our mock jurors included a criminal or juvenile justice history as part of that impression. A very large majority of the mock jurors also said that knowledge of that criminal history would be relevant to their vote of guilty. Almost all mock jurors said they would be influenced toward voting guilty by knowledge of a previous criminal history. Few of the other components of the impression were so closely correlated with a judgment of relevance, or with a judgment that they would be influenced toward voting guilty by the knowledge of that component of the stereotype. The effect is relatively specific to knowledge of a previous criminal history. The study has limited ecological validity. Nonetheless, we raise questions about whether the fact that a youth is put on trial as an adult is inherently prejudicial, and violates the Sixth Amendment right to an impartial jury. Copyright 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  17. Statistical Mechanics of US Supreme Court

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lee, Edward; Broedersz, Chase; Bialek, William; Biophysics Theory Group Team

    2014-03-01

    We build simple models for the distribution of voting patterns in a group, using the Supreme Court of the United States as an example. The least structured, or maximum entropy, model that is consistent with the observed pairwise correlations among justices' votes is equivalent to an Ising spin glass. While all correlations (perhaps surprisingly) are positive, the effective pairwise interactions in the spin glass model have both signs, recovering some of our intuition that justices on opposite sides of the ideological spectrum should have a negative influence on one another. Despite the competing interactions, a strong tendency toward unanimity emerges from the model, and this agrees quantitatively with the data. The model shows that voting patterns are organized in a relatively simple ``energy landscape,'' correctly predicts the extent to which each justice is correlated with the majority, and gives us a measure of the influence that justices exert on one another. These results suggest that simple models, grounded in statistical physics, can capture essential features of collective decision making quantitatively, even in a complex political context. Funded by National Science Foundation Grants PHY-0957573 and CCF-0939370, WM Keck Foundation, Lewis-Sigler Fellowship, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, and Winston Foundation.

  18. 76 FR 27016 - Evaluating Test Procedures for Voting Systems

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-10

    ...-02] Evaluating Test Procedures for Voting Systems AGENCY: National Institute of Standards and... Assistance Commission for use by NIST in research to develop and assess NIST's test procedures for voting... develop and assess NIST test protocols for voting equipment. NIST research is designed to: (1) Develop...

  19. 28 CFR 51.19 - Request for notification concerning voting litigation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... voting litigation. 51.19 Section 51.19 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) PROCEDURES FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF SECTION 5 OF THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965, AS AMENDED General... to notify the Chief, Voting Section, Civil Rights Division, at the addresses, telefacsimile number...

  20. Perceived health from biological motion predicts voting behaviour.

    PubMed

    Kramer, Robin S S; Arend, Isabel; Ward, Robert

    2010-04-01

    Body motion signals socially relevant traits like the sex, age, and even the genetic quality of actors and may therefore facilitate various social judgements. By examining ratings and voting decisions based solely on body motion of political candidates, we considered how the candidates' motion affected people's judgements and voting behaviour. In two experiments, participants viewed stick figure motion displays made from videos of politicians in public debate. Participants rated the motion displays for a variety of social traits and then indicated their vote preference. In both experiments, perceived physical health was the single best predictor of vote choice, and no two-factor model produced significant improvement. Notably, although attractiveness and leadership correlated with voting behaviour, neither provided additional explanatory power to a single-factor model of health alone. Our results demonstrate for the first time that motion can produce systematic vote preferences.

  1. 28 CFR 51.29 - Communications concerning voting changes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Communications concerning voting changes... Groups § 51.29 Communications concerning voting changes. Any individual or group may send to the Attorney General information concerning a change affecting voting in a jurisdiction to which section 5 applies. (a...

  2. 78 FR 78345 - Proposed Information Collection-2014 Election Administration and Voting Survey; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-26

    ... Voting Survey; Comment Request AGENCY: U.S. Election Assistance Commission (EAC). ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY... Survey) to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget for approval. The 2014 Election Administration and Voting Survey (Survey) asks election officials questions concerning voting and election...

  3. The Relationship between Voting Knowledge and Voting Attitudes of Selected Ninth and Tenth Grade Students.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Golden, Kathleen

    1985-01-01

    A study showed that the acquisition of voting knowledge in a civics class positively influenced ninth- and tenth-grade students' attitudes toward voting. Teachers should give students a solid foundation concerning the electoral process and encourage students to participate in the political process. (RM)

  4. 7 CFR 1160.603 - Who may vote.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... person shall be refused a ballot. Any person casting more than one ballot with conflicting votes shall thereby invalidate all ballots cast by such person in such referendum. Each person voting shall have registered with the referendum agent prior to the voting period. Each ballot cast shall contain a...

  5. History of Voting in the United States.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Yang, Elizabeth M.

    1996-01-01

    Explores the constitutional amendments and federal laws that extended the right to vote to most citizens. Discusses the historical circumstances and social issues that surrounded passage of the 15th Amendment (elimination of racial barriers), 19th Amendment (women's right to vote), and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. (MJP)

  6. 77 FR 57486 - Federal Voting Assistance Program

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-18

    ... covered by the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (UOCAVA) as modified by the Military... among the various levels of Government. List of Subjects in 32 CFR Part 233 Voting rights, civil rights... Absentee Voting Act (UOCAVA), 42 U.S.C. 1973ff-1973ff-6. (b) Establishes policy and assigns...

  7. 28 CFR 51.19 - Request for notification concerning voting litigation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... voting litigation. 51.19 Section 51.19 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) PROCEDURES FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF SECTION 5 OF THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965, AS AMENDED General... promptly to notify the Chief, Voting Section, Civil Rights Division, Department of Justice, P.O. Box 66128...

  8. 28 CFR 51.29 - Communications concerning voting changes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... ADMINISTRATION OF SECTION 5 OF THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965, AS AMENDED Communications From Individuals and... section 5 of the Voting Rights Act.” Comments should include, where available, the name of the... the Chief, Voting Section, Civil Rights Division, at the addresses, telefacsimile number, or email...

  9. 78 FR 25677 - Balloting Materials Postage

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-02

    ... for the return of ballots, unless mailed under the special exemption for military or overseas voting.... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: With the growth of no excuse absentee voting, and the spread of vote-by-mail efforts... exemption for military and overseas voting or returned under Business Reply Mail service must indicate in a...

  10. 12 CFR 708b.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Regional Director. The certification will include, at a minimum, the number of members who voted, the number of affirmative votes, and the number of negative votes. During the course of the voting period the..., and internet website posting. (3) Does not include communications intended to be read only by the...

  11. 12 CFR 708b.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Regional Director. The certification will include, at a minimum, the number of members who voted, the number of affirmative votes, and the number of negative votes. During the course of the voting period the..., and internet website posting. (3) Does not include communications intended to be read only by the...

  12. 12 CFR 708b.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Regional Director. The certification will include, at a minimum, the number of members who voted, the number of affirmative votes, and the number of negative votes. During the course of the voting period the..., and internet website posting. (3) Does not include communications intended to be read only by the...

  13. Voting procedures from the perspective of theory of neural networks

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Suleimenov, Ibragim; Panchenko, Sergey; Gabrielyan, Oleg; Pak, Ivan

    2016-11-01

    It is shown that voting procedure in any authority can be treated as Hopfield neural network analogue. It was revealed that weight coefficients of neural network which has discrete outputs -1 and 1 can be replaced by coefficients of a discrete set (-1, 0, 1). This gives us the opportunity to qualitatively analyze the voting procedure on the basis of limited data about mutual influence of members. It also proves that result of voting procedure is actually taken by network formed by voting members.

  14. 77 FR 40389 - Gladstone Capital Corporation, et al.; Notice of Application

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-09

    ... was organized on December 7, 2009, but has not yet commenced operations. A majority of the directors...(a)(19) of the Act (``Non-Interested Directors''). 2. GMC is registered as an investment adviser...-Investment Transaction and the proposed allocation to the directors eligible to vote under section 57(o) of...

  15. 7 CFR 1600.4 - Scheduling of meetings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... the Bank and at least ten days prior to the scheduled meeting date in order for the Secretary of the... than ten days notice if a majority of the Board determines by a recorded vote that Bank business requires that the special meeting be held on less than ten days notice. After public announcement of a...

  16. What's Money Got to Do with It? Fostering Productive Discussions about Campaign Finance

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Levy, Brett L. M.; Hartwick, James M. M.; Muñoz, Sierra Pope; Gudgel, Scott

    2014-01-01

    Schools throughout the United States provide instruction on democracy, voting, and major institutions of government, but often excluded from the curriculum is a central reality of our political system: the role of money in elections. This article provides background information and pedagogical strategies to help teachers foster productive…

  17. The Student-Loan System Needs a Major Overhaul

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hess, Frederick, M.; Squire, Juliet

    2007-01-01

    In September 2007, Congress voted to cut subsidies to lenders in the federal guaranteed-student-loan program and use much of the savings to increase student aid. Congress also passed other significant provisions, including modified repayment periods and loan forgiveness for certain students. Such legislation came on the heels of New York Attorney…

  18. Why Are Schools Always Begging for Money?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Everhart, Robert B.

    2006-01-01

    The increased high expectations for student performance has led to greater pressures on school resources. While most families support the idea of quality schools for all students, adequate funding has not matched these high expectations. The vast majority of families are increasingly unable to vote in those additional resources due to a radical…

  19. Targeting Political Communications: A Problem in Market Segmentation.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Markwart, Richard I.

    Political campaigns are major, high-budget marketing efforts, but because they are usually managed by people with little training in either marketing or communications, they fail to persuade voters to vote in the desired way. Political targeting can be treated as a segmentation problem, one of identifying and responding to the specific qualities…

  20. Purple States in the 2016 Presidential Election

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Shelley, Fred M.; Hitt, Ashley M.

    2016-01-01

    Given the nature of the Electoral College system, the two major political parties concentrate on winning the electoral votes of those states in which the preference of voters are divided evenly. Thus, the parties and their candidates ignore states such as Wyoming and Oklahoma, which are reliably Republican, and they ignore states such as…

  1. And Now What about Reforming Cambridge Governance?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Evans, G. R.

    2009-01-01

    After its recent Assurance visit from HEFCE, Oxford went through a high profile public debate at the end of which its academic community voted against moving to a governance structure which would have given Oxford a majority of external members on its Council. The Higher Education Funding Council asked Oxford to answer eight questions justifying…

  2. Congress Creates Super Federal Library Agency

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Steere, Paul J.

    2010-01-01

    In a rare show of bipartisanship, the Senate passed the controversial Federal Library Agency Act (FLAA) on a nearly unanimous voice vote, sending it to President Obama for his expected signature. The House had passed it in February with a two-thirds majority. The FLAA creates a new mandate by combining federal library functions scattered…

  3. 18 CFR 1301.45 - Procedure for closing meetings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... meetings. 1301.45 Section 1301.45 Conservation of Power and Water Resources TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY PROCEDURES Government in the Sunshine Act § 1301.45 Procedure for closing meetings. (a) Action under § 1301.46 to close a meeting shall be taken only when a majority of the members vote to take such action. A...

  4. Education for the Australian Environment. Bicentennial Australian Studies Schools Project Bulletin 6.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fien, John

    Connotations for the word "environment" have increased to include a wide range of meanings. It has become a political force with candidates of most major parties being very conscious of what is referred to as the "environment vote." In the classroom and society, "environment" is a controversial issue. For example, at…

  5. Speaker gender identification based on majority vote classifiers

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mezghani, Eya; Charfeddine, Maha; Nicolas, Henri; Ben Amar, Chokri

    2017-03-01

    Speaker gender identification is considered among the most important tools in several multimedia applications namely in automatic speech recognition, interactive voice response systems and audio browsing systems. Gender identification systems performance is closely linked to the selected feature set and the employed classification model. Typical techniques are based on selecting the best performing classification method or searching optimum tuning of one classifier parameters through experimentation. In this paper, we consider a relevant and rich set of features involving pitch, MFCCs as well as other temporal and frequency-domain descriptors. Five classification models including decision tree, discriminant analysis, nave Bayes, support vector machine and k-nearest neighbor was experimented. The three best perming classifiers among the five ones will contribute by majority voting between their scores. Experimentations were performed on three different datasets spoken in three languages: English, German and Arabic in order to validate language independency of the proposed scheme. Results confirm that the presented system has reached a satisfying accuracy rate and promising classification performance thanks to the discriminating abilities and diversity of the used features combined with mid-level statistics.

  6. Anonymity in Voting Revisited

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jonker, Hugo; Pieters, Wolter

    According to international law, anonymity of the voter is a fundamental precondition for democratic elections. In electronic voting, several aspects of voter anonymity have been identified. In this paper, we re-examine anonymity with respect to voting, and generalise existing notions of anonymity in e-voting. First, we identify and categorise the types of attack that can be a threat to anonymity of the voter, including different types of vote buying and coercion. This analysis leads to a categorisation of anonymity in voting in terms of a) the strength of the anonymity achieved and b) the extent of interaction between voter and attacker. Some of the combinations, including weak and strong receipt-freeness, are formalised in epistemic logic.

  7. The Witness-Voting System

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gerck, Ed

    We present a new, comprehensive framework to qualitatively improve election outcome trustworthiness, where voting is modeled as an information transfer process. Although voting is deterministic (all ballots are counted), information is treated stochastically using Information Theory. Error considerations, including faults, attacks, and threats by adversaries, are explicitly included. The influence of errors may be corrected to achieve an election outcome error as close to zero as desired (error-free), with a provably optimal design that is applicable to any type of voting, with or without ballots. Sixteen voting system requirements, including functional, performance, environmental and non-functional considerations, are derived and rated, meeting or exceeding current public-election requirements. The voter and the vote are unlinkable (secret ballot) although each is identifiable. The Witness-Voting System (Gerck, 2001) is extended as a conforming implementation of the provably optimal design that is error-free, transparent, simple, scalable, robust, receipt-free, universally-verifiable, 100% voter-verified, and end-to-end audited.

  8. Retrospective voting and party support at elections: credit and blame for government and opposition

    PubMed Central

    Plescia, Carolina; Kritzinger, Sylvia

    2017-01-01

    ABSTRACT Retrospective voting is arguably one of the most important mechanisms of representative democracy, and whether or not the public holds the government accountable for its policy performance has been extensively studied. In this paper, we test whether retrospective voting extends to parties in the opposition, that is whether and how parties’ past performance evaluations affect their vote, regardless of whether they were in government or in opposition. Taking advantage of a rich set of questions embedded in a representative German national elections panel, we update our knowledge on the retrospective voting mechanism by modeling retrospective voting at the party level. The findings indicate that the incumbent status is not the only criterion for retrospective voting, ultimately suggesting that both government and opposition parties can expect credit and blame for their conduct and this should provide some impetus for responsive performance of all parties. PMID:28515772

  9. Do Implicit Attitudes Predict Actual Voting Behavior Particularly for Undecided Voters?

    PubMed Central

    Friese, Malte; Smith, Colin Tucker; Plischke, Thomas; Bluemke, Matthias; Nosek, Brian A.

    2012-01-01

    The prediction of voting behavior of undecided voters poses a challenge to psychologists and pollsters. Recently, researchers argued that implicit attitudes would predict voting behavior particularly for undecided voters whereas explicit attitudes would predict voting behavior particularly for decided voters. We tested this assumption in two studies in two countries with distinct political systems in the context of real political elections. Results revealed that (a) explicit attitudes predicted voting behavior better than implicit attitudes for both decided and undecided voters, and (b) implicit attitudes predicted voting behavior better for decided than undecided voters. We propose that greater elaboration of attitudes produces stronger convergence between implicit and explicit attitudes resulting in better predictive validity of both, and less incremental validity of implicit over explicit attitudes for the prediction of voting behavior. However, greater incremental predictive validity of implicit over explicit attitudes may be associated with less elaboration. PMID:22952898

  10. Classroom Voting Questions to Stimulate Discussions in Precalculus

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cline, Kelly; Zullo, Holly; Huckaby, David A.; Storm, Christopher; Stewart, Ann

    2018-01-01

    Classroom voting can be an effective way to stimulate student discussions. In this pedagogy, the instructor poses a multiple-choice question to the class, and then allows a few minutes for consideration and small-group discussion before students vote, either with clickers, cell phones, or a non-electronic method. After the vote the instructor…

  11. 29 CFR 452.64 - Write-in votes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Write-in votes. 452.64 Section 452.64 Labor Regulations... OF 1959 Nominations for Office § 452.64 Write-in votes. The Act neither requires nor prohibits write-in candidacy or write-in votes. These matters are governed by appropriate provisions of the union's...

  12. Perspectives: Should Mandatory Voting Laws Be Implemented in the United States?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ornstein, Norman; Stoilov, Vassia

    2011-01-01

    Many countries around the world have compulsory voting laws. In the United States, where voter turnout tends to be lower than in other developed democracies, experts wonder whether voting laws would have a positive impact. In two distinct essays, voting and elections experts Norman Ornstein and Vassia Stoilov debate the implementation of…

  13. 78 FR 6289 - Estimates of the Voting Age Population for 2012

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-30

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Office of the Secretary Estimates of the Voting Age Population for 2012... estimates. SUMMARY: This notice announces the voting age population estimates as of July 1, 2012, for each... notice that the estimates of the voting age population for July 1, 2012, for each state and the District...

  14. 16 CFR 802.4 - Acquisitions of voting securities of issuers or non-corporate interests in unincorporated...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... § 802.4 Acquisitions of voting securities of issuers or non-corporate interests in unincorporated... voting securities or an unincorporated entity whose non-corporate interests are being acquired pursuant... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Acquisitions of voting securities of issuers...

  15. 16 CFR 802.4 - Acquisitions of voting securities of issuers or non-corporate interests in unincorporated...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... § 802.4 Acquisitions of voting securities of issuers or non-corporate interests in unincorporated... voting securities or an unincorporated entity whose non-corporate interests are being acquired pursuant... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Acquisitions of voting securities of issuers...

  16. 16 CFR 802.4 - Acquisitions of voting securities of issuers or non-corporate interests in unincorporated...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... § 802.4 Acquisitions of voting securities of issuers or non-corporate interests in unincorporated... voting securities or an unincorporated entity whose non-corporate interests are being acquired pursuant... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Acquisitions of voting securities of issuers...

  17. 12 CFR 708a.13 - Voting guidelines.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Voting guidelines. 708a.13 Section 708a.13... INSURED CREDIT UNIONS TO MUTUAL SAVINGS BANKS § 708a.13 Voting guidelines. A converting credit union must conduct its member vote on conversion in a fair and legal manner. NCUA provides the following guidelines...

  18. 28 CFR 51.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Voting Rights Act of 1965, 79 Stat. 437, as amended by the Civil Rights Act of 1968, 82 Stat. 73, the Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1970, 84 Stat. 314, the District of Columbia Delegate Act, 84 Stat. 853, the Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1975, 89 Stat. 400, the Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1982, 96...

  19. 28 CFR 51.1 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) PROCEDURES FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF SECTION 5 OF THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965, AS AMENDED General Provisions § 51.1 Purpose. (a) Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act... section 4(b) of the Act, 42 U.S.C. 1973b(b), of any voting qualification or prerequisite to voting, or...

  20. 28 CFR 51.1 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) PROCEDURES FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF SECTION 5 OF THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965, AS AMENDED General Provisions § 51.1 Purpose. (a) Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act... section 4(b) of the Act, 42 U.S.C. 1973b(b), of any voting qualification or prerequisite to voting, or...

  1. 28 CFR 51.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Voting Rights Act of 1965, 79 Stat. 437, as amended by the Civil Rights Act of 1968, 82 Stat. 73, the Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1970, 84 Stat. 314, the District of Columbia Delegate Act, 84 Stat. 853, the Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1975, 89 Stat. 400, and the Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1982...

  2. 76 FR 1559 - Guidelines for the Use of Electronic Voting Systems in Union Officer Elections

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-11

    ... voting. Id. However, there are still concerns regarding on-line computer security, viruses and attacks... casting votes at polling sites; electronic voting from remote site personal computers via the Internet..., Washington, DC 20210. Because of security precautions, the Department continues to experience delays in U.S...

  3. Approval Voting and Parochialism

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Baron, Jonathan; Altman, Nicole Y.; Kroll, Stephan

    2005-01-01

    In hypothetical scenarios involving two groups (nations or groups of workers), subjects voted on three proposals: one helped group A (their group), one helped B, and one helped both groups, more than the average of the first two but less than their maximum. When subjects voted for one proposal, most voted for the one that helped group A. This…

  4. 12 CFR 7.2022 - Voting trusts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Voting trusts. 7.2022 Section 7.2022 Banks and... Practices § 7.2022 Voting trusts. The shareholders of a national bank may establish a voting trust under the applicable law of a state selected by the participants and designated in the trust agreement, provided the...

  5. Bribery or just desserts? Evidence on the influence of Congressional reproductive policy voting patterns on PAC contributions from exogenous variation in the sex mix of legislator offspring.

    PubMed

    Conley, Dalton; McCabe, Brian J

    2012-01-01

    Evidence on the relationship between political contributions and legislators' voting behavior is marred by concerns about endogeneity in the estimation process. Using a legislator's offspring sex mix as a truly exogenous variable, we employ an instrumental variable estimation procedure to predict the effect of voting behavior on political contributions. Following previous research, we find that a legislator's proportion daughters has a significant effect on voting behavior for women's issues, as measured by score in the "Congressional Record on Choice" issued by NARAL Pro-Choice America. In the second stage, we make a unique contribution by demonstrating a significant impact of exogenous voting behavior on PAC contributions, lending further credibility to the hypothesis that Political Action Committees respond to legislators' voting patterns by "rewarding" political candidates that vote in line with the positions of the PAC, rather than affecting those same votes - at least in this high-profile policy domain. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  6. BallotMaps: detecting name bias in alphabetically ordered ballot papers.

    PubMed

    Wood, Jo; Badawood, Donia; Dykes, Jason; Slingsby, Aidan

    2011-12-01

    The relationship between candidates' position on a ballot paper and vote rank is explored in the case of 5000 candidates for the UK 2010 local government elections in the Greater London area. This design study uses hierarchical spatially arranged graphics to represent two locations that affect candidates at very different scales: the geographical areas for which they seek election and the spatial location of their names on the ballot paper. This approach allows the effect of position bias to be assessed; that is, the degree to which the position of a candidate's name on the ballot paper influences the number of votes received by the candidate, and whether this varies geographically. Results show that position bias was significant enough to influence rank order of candidates, and in the case of many marginal electoral wards, to influence who was elected to government. Position bias was observed most strongly for Liberal Democrat candidates but present for all major political parties. Visual analysis of classification of candidate names by ethnicity suggests that this too had an effect on votes received by candidates, in some cases overcoming alphabetic name bias. The results found contradict some earlier research suggesting that alphabetic name bias was not sufficiently significant to affect electoral outcome and add new evidence for the geographic and ethnicity influences on voting behaviour. The visual approach proposed here can be applied to a wider range of electoral data and the patterns identified and hypotheses derived from them could have significant implications for the design of ballot papers and the conduct of fair elections. © 2010 IEEE

  7. Concordance of clinical diagnosis of T classification among physicians for locally advanced unresectable thoracic esophageal cancer.

    PubMed

    Yokota, Tomoya; Yasuda, Takushi; Kato, Hiroyuki; Nozaki, Isao; Sato, Hiroshi; Miyata, Yoshinori; Kuroki, Yoshifumi; Kato, Ken; Hamamoto, Yasuo; Tsubosa, Yasuhiro; Ogawa, Hirofumi; Ito, Yoshinori; Kitagawa, Yuko

    2018-02-01

    We conducted a multicenter phase II trial assessing chemoselection with docetaxel plus 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin induction chemotherapy and subsequent conversion surgery for locally advanced, unresectable esophageal cancer. The aim of this study was to validate the concordance of clinical T diagnosis among physicians in the cases of this trial. Computed tomography scans and esophagoscopic images of 48 patients taken at baseline were centrally reviewed by 6 senior physicians with experience in esophageal oncology. Individual reviewers voted for definitive T4, relative T4, relative T3, or definitive T3. Discordant diagnoses between reviewers were resolved by the majority opinion. The reviewers were blinded to patient clinical outcome data and to the vote of the other reviewers. Ninety percent of cases were diagnosed as clinical T4 by investigators, while 33.3-75.0% (median 70.8%) of cases were judged to be T4 by 6 reviewers. Discordant diagnosis between investigators and reviewers occurred in 33% (16/48) of all cases (Cohen's kappa coefficient 0.0519), including 12 cases where curative resection was considered possible (48%, n = 25) and 4 cases where curative resection was considered impossible (17%, n = 23). Critical discordance (one reviewer voted for definitive T3 but the other voted for definitive T4, and vice versa) between reviewers occurred in 0-12.5% of cases (median 2.1%). There were inter-observer variations in clinical diagnosis of the T category of locally advanced, unresectable esophageal cancer. Accurate clinical diagnosis of T classification is required for determining the optimum treatment for each patient.

  8. Acceptability of willingness to pay techniques to consumers

    PubMed Central

    Taylor, Susan J.; Armour, Carol L.

    2002-01-01

    Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the proportion of usable responses and protest votes obtained with two willingness to pay (WTP) techniques, contingent valuation (CV) and discrete choice experiment (DCE) and to assess the acceptability of the techniques to respondents. Setting and participants Pregnant women attending the public antenatal clinics of a Sydney teaching hospital were surveyed. Main variables studied Preference for either Treatment A (artificial rupture of the membranes followed by intravenous oxytocin) or Treatment B (prostaglandin E2 gel followed by oxytocin if necessary) was assessed. Then WTP for the preferred treatments was assessed using CV and WTP for specific attributes of the treatments in the DCE. In addition, the acceptability of the two techniques was compared in terms of responses deemed to be valid according to defined criteria, protest votes and comments recorded by consumers. Results With the CV, 74% of respondents chose gel and their maximum WTP was Aus$178 compared with $133 for the alternative. A total of 68% of responses were deemed to be valid including 5% who may have been expressing a protest vote. With the DCE, respondents were WTP $55 for every 1 h reduction in the length of time from induction to delivery. A total of 72% of responses were deemed valid and only two of these 258 women were considered to have expressed a protest vote. Conclusions Only a small number of women expressed objections to the use of WTP questions in health‐care and the majority of women completed both questions successfully. PMID:12460223

  9. HYPOTHESIS SETTING AND ORDER STATISTIC FOR ROBUST GENOMIC META-ANALYSIS.

    PubMed

    Song, Chi; Tseng, George C

    2014-01-01

    Meta-analysis techniques have been widely developed and applied in genomic applications, especially for combining multiple transcriptomic studies. In this paper, we propose an order statistic of p-values ( r th ordered p-value, rOP) across combined studies as the test statistic. We illustrate different hypothesis settings that detect gene markers differentially expressed (DE) "in all studies", "in the majority of studies", or "in one or more studies", and specify rOP as a suitable method for detecting DE genes "in the majority of studies". We develop methods to estimate the parameter r in rOP for real applications. Statistical properties such as its asymptotic behavior and a one-sided testing correction for detecting markers of concordant expression changes are explored. Power calculation and simulation show better performance of rOP compared to classical Fisher's method, Stouffer's method, minimum p-value method and maximum p-value method under the focused hypothesis setting. Theoretically, rOP is found connected to the naïve vote counting method and can be viewed as a generalized form of vote counting with better statistical properties. The method is applied to three microarray meta-analysis examples including major depressive disorder, brain cancer and diabetes. The results demonstrate rOP as a more generalizable, robust and sensitive statistical framework to detect disease-related markers.

  10. Improving the accuracy of k-nearest neighbor using local mean based and distance weight

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Syaliman, K. U.; Nababan, E. B.; Sitompul, O. S.

    2018-03-01

    In k-nearest neighbor (kNN), the determination of classes for new data is normally performed by a simple majority vote system, which may ignore the similarities among data, as well as allowing the occurrence of a double majority class that can lead to misclassification. In this research, we propose an approach to resolve the majority vote issues by calculating the distance weight using a combination of local mean based k-nearest neighbor (LMKNN) and distance weight k-nearest neighbor (DWKNN). The accuracy of results is compared to the accuracy acquired from the original k-NN method using several datasets from the UCI Machine Learning repository, Kaggle and Keel, such as ionosphare, iris, voice genre, lower back pain, and thyroid. In addition, the proposed method is also tested using real data from a public senior high school in city of Tualang, Indonesia. Results shows that the combination of LMKNN and DWKNN was able to increase the classification accuracy of kNN, whereby the average accuracy on test data is 2.45% with the highest increase in accuracy of 3.71% occurring on the lower back pain symptoms dataset. For the real data, the increase in accuracy is obtained as high as 5.16%.

  11. Implementation of a polling protocol for predicting celiac disease in videocapsule analysis.

    PubMed

    Ciaccio, Edward J; Tennyson, Christina A; Bhagat, Govind; Lewis, Suzanne K; Green, Peter H

    2013-07-16

    To investigate the presence of small intestinal villous atrophy in celiac disease patients from quantitative analysis of videocapsule image sequences. Nine celiac patient data with biopsy-proven villous atrophy and seven control patient data lacking villous atrophy were used for analysis. Celiacs had biopsy-proven disease with scores of Marsh II-IIIC except in the case of one hemophiliac patient. At four small intestinal levels (duodenal bulb, distal duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), video clips of length 200 frames (100 s) were analyzed. Twenty-four measurements were used for image characterization. These measurements were determined by quantitatively processing the videocapsule images via techniques for texture analysis, motility estimation, volumetric reconstruction using shape-from-shading principles, and image transformation. Each automated measurement method, or automaton, was polled as to whether or not villous atrophy was present in the small intestine, indicating celiac disease. Each automaton's vote was determined based upon an optimized parameter threshold level, with the threshold levels being determined from prior data. A prediction of villous atrophy was made if it received the majority of votes (≥ 13), while no prediction was made for tie votes (12-12). Thus each set of images was classified as being from either a celiac disease patient or from a control patient. Separated by intestinal level, the overall sensitivity of automata polling for predicting villous atrophy and hence celiac disease was 83.9%, while the specificity was 92.9%, and the overall accuracy of automata-based polling was 88.1%. The method of image transformation yielded the highest sensitivity at 93.8%, while the method of texture analysis using subbands had the highest specificity at 76.0%. Similar results of prediction were observed at all four small intestinal locations, but there were more tie votes at location 4 (ileum). Incorrect prediction which reduced sensitivity occurred for two celiac patients with Marsh type II pattern, which is characterized by crypt hyperplasia, but normal villous architecture. Pooled from all levels, there was a mean of 14.31 ± 3.28 automaton votes for celiac vs 9.67 ± 3.31 automaton votes for control when celiac patient data was analyzed (P < 0.001). Pooled from all levels, there was a mean of 9.71 ± 2.8128 automaton votes for celiac vs 14.32 ± 2.7931 automaton votes for control when control patient data was analyzed (P < 0.001). Automata-based polling may be useful to indicate presence of mucosal atrophy, indicative of celiac disease, across the entire small bowel, though this must be confirmed in a larger patient set. Since the method is quantitative and automated, it can potentially eliminate observer bias and enable the detection of subtle abnormality in patients lacking a clear diagnosis. Our paradigm was found to be more efficacious at proximal small intestinal locations, which may suggest a greater presence and severity of villous atrophy at proximal as compared with distal locations.

  12. Implementation of a polling protocol for predicting celiac disease in videocapsule analysis

    PubMed Central

    Ciaccio, Edward J; Tennyson, Christina A; Bhagat, Govind; Lewis, Suzanne K; Green, Peter H

    2013-01-01

    AIM: To investigate the presence of small intestinal villous atrophy in celiac disease patients from quantitative analysis of videocapsule image sequences. METHODS: Nine celiac patient data with biopsy-proven villous atrophy and seven control patient data lacking villous atrophy were used for analysis. Celiacs had biopsy-proven disease with scores of Marsh II-IIIC except in the case of one hemophiliac patient. At four small intestinal levels (duodenal bulb, distal duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), video clips of length 200 frames (100 s) were analyzed. Twenty-four measurements were used for image characterization. These measurements were determined by quantitatively processing the videocapsule images via techniques for texture analysis, motility estimation, volumetric reconstruction using shape-from-shading principles, and image transformation. Each automated measurement method, or automaton, was polled as to whether or not villous atrophy was present in the small intestine, indicating celiac disease. Each automaton’s vote was determined based upon an optimized parameter threshold level, with the threshold levels being determined from prior data. A prediction of villous atrophy was made if it received the majority of votes (≥ 13), while no prediction was made for tie votes (12-12). Thus each set of images was classified as being from either a celiac disease patient or from a control patient. RESULTS: Separated by intestinal level, the overall sensitivity of automata polling for predicting villous atrophy and hence celiac disease was 83.9%, while the specificity was 92.9%, and the overall accuracy of automata-based polling was 88.1%. The method of image transformation yielded the highest sensitivity at 93.8%, while the method of texture analysis using subbands had the highest specificity at 76.0%. Similar results of prediction were observed at all four small intestinal locations, but there were more tie votes at location 4 (ileum). Incorrect prediction which reduced sensitivity occurred for two celiac patients with Marsh type II pattern, which is characterized by crypt hyperplasia, but normal villous architecture. Pooled from all levels, there was a mean of 14.31 ± 3.28 automaton votes for celiac vs 9.67 ± 3.31 automaton votes for control when celiac patient data was analyzed (P < 0.001). Pooled from all levels, there was a mean of 9.71 ± 2.8128 automaton votes for celiac vs 14.32 ± 2.7931 automaton votes for control when control patient data was analyzed (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Automata-based polling may be useful to indicate presence of mucosal atrophy, indicative of celiac disease, across the entire small bowel, though this must be confirmed in a larger patient set. Since the method is quantitative and automated, it can potentially eliminate observer bias and enable the detection of subtle abnormality in patients lacking a clear diagnosis. Our paradigm was found to be more efficacious at proximal small intestinal locations, which may suggest a greater presence and severity of villous atrophy at proximal as compared with distal locations. PMID:23858375

  13. 7 CFR 1230.621 - Voting period.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PORK PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND... term Voting period means the 3-consecutive business day period for in-person voting. Referendum ...

  14. U.S. Senator's Ideal Points for Higher Education: Documenting Partisanship, 1965-2004

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Doyle, William R.

    2010-01-01

    Congressional scholars have long analyzed legislative behavior by examining roll call votes. The study of roll call votes has rarely been extended to particular policy areas, with a few exceptions, such as abortion and environmental issues. This study examines roll call voting in the area of higher education policy. In examining voting patterns…

  15. 77 FR 54905 - Request for Substantive Comments on the EAC's Proposed Requirements for Version 1.1 of the...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-06

    ... for Version 1.1 of the Voluntary Voting System Guidelines (VVSG) AGENCY: United States Election... Voluntary Voting System Guidelines (VVSG). SUMMARY: The Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA) (Pub. L. 107... (EAC). Section 202 of HAVA directs the EAC to adopt voluntary voting system guidelines (VVSG) and to...

  16. Quality monitored distributed voting system

    DOEpatents

    Skogmo, David

    1997-01-01

    A quality monitoring system can detect certain system faults and fraud attempts in a distributed voting system. The system uses decoy voters to cast predetermined check ballots. Absent check ballots can indicate system faults. Altered check ballots can indicate attempts at counterfeiting votes. The system can also cast check ballots at predetermined times to provide another check on the distributed voting system.

  17. Joining Young, Voting Young: The Effects of Youth Voluntary Associations on Early Adult Voting. CIRCLE Working Paper #73

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Thomas, Reuben J.; McFarland, Daniel A.

    2010-01-01

    Adolescent voluntary associations are particularly well positioned in the life course to encourage voting as youth become full citizens. Extracurriculars socialize students into voting by habituating them to civic engagement and by connecting them to politically engaged cultures. We establish this argument by testing the effects of high school…

  18. Elections: DOD Needs More Comprehensive Planning to Address Military and Overseas Absentee Voting Challenges

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-04-01

    Acknowledgments Contact Acknowledgments Related GAO Products Page 75 GAO-16-378 DOD Overseas Absentee Voting U.S. Postal Service: Actions... Products Page 76 GAO-16-378 DOD Overseas Absentee Voting Election Reform: Nine States’ Experiences Implementing Federal Requirements for...ELECTIONS DOD Needs More Comprehensive Planning to Address Military and Overseas Absentee Voting Challenges

  19. 16 CFR 801.15 - Aggregation of voting securities, non-corporate interests and assets the acquisition of which was...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... of determining the aggregate total amount of voting securities, non-corporate interests and assets of...-corporate interests or voting securities the acquisition of which was exempt at the time of acquisition (or... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Aggregation of voting securities, non...

  20. 16 CFR 801.15 - Aggregation of voting securities, non-corporate interests and assets the acquisition of which was...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... of determining the aggregate total amount of voting securities, non-corporate interests and assets of...-corporate interests or voting securities the acquisition of which was exempt at the time of acquisition (or... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Aggregation of voting securities, non...

  1. 16 CFR 801.15 - Aggregation of voting securities, non-corporate interests and assets the acquisition of which was...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... of determining the aggregate total amount of voting securities, non-corporate interests and assets of...-corporate interests or voting securities the acquisition of which was exempt at the time of acquisition (or... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Aggregation of voting securities, non...

  2. 29 CFR 452.86 - Vote conditioned on payment of dues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... where a member is laid off but desires to maintain his good standing and thus his membership rights by... AND DISCLOSURE ACT OF 1959 Right To Vote § 452.86 Vote conditioned on payment of dues. A labor organization may condition the exercise of the right to vote upon the payment of dues, which is a basic...

  3. 77 FR 47442 - BlackRock Preferred Partners LLC, et al.; Notice of Application

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-08

    ... section 18(i) of the Act because each class would be entitled to exclusive voting rights with respect to... registered management investment company will be a voting stock and have equal voting rights with every other.... Applicants submit that the proposed allocation of expenses and voting rights among multiple classes is...

  4. 75 FR 32920 - Publication of State Plan Pursuant to the Help America Vote Act

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-10

    ...)(11)(A) and 255(b) of the Help America Vote Act (HAVA), Public Law 107-252, the U.S. Election... improving the voting process in America. Dated: May 26, 2010. Thomas R. Wilkey, Executive Director, U.S... ELECTION ASSISTANCE COMMISSION Publication of State Plan Pursuant to the Help America Vote Act...

  5. 17 CFR 240.16b-8 - Voting trusts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Voting trusts. 240.16b-8... Exchange Act of 1934 Exemption of Certain Transactions from Section 16(b) § 240.16b-8 Voting trusts. Any... deposit or withdrawal from a voting trust or deposit agreement shall be exempt from section 16(b) of the...

  6. Decision Analysis for Multicandidate Voting Systems. Applications of Elementary Decision Analysis to Political Science. [and] An Application of Voting Theory to Congress. Applications of Decision Theory and Game Theory to American Politics. Modules and Monographs in Undergraduate Mathematics and Its Applications Project. UMAP Units 384 and 386.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Merrill, Samuel, III; Enelow, James M.

    This document consists of two modules. The first studies a variety of multicandidate voting systems, including approval, Borda, and cumulative voting, using a model which takes account of a voter's intensity of preference for candidates. The voter's optimal strategy is investigated for each voting system using decision criteria under uncertainty…

  7. 75 FR 30386 - Sunshine Act Notice

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-01

    ... updates on Voting System Testing and Certification programs, including UOCAVA Pilot Program Voting Systems... Voting Systems Threat Analysis. The Board will receive updates on research and studies, including draft...

  8. Quality monitored distributed voting system

    DOEpatents

    Skogmo, D.

    1997-03-18

    A quality monitoring system can detect certain system faults and fraud attempts in a distributed voting system. The system uses decoy voters to cast predetermined check ballots. Absent check ballots can indicate system faults. Altered check ballots can indicate attempts at counterfeiting votes. The system can also cast check ballots at predetermined times to provide another check on the distributed voting system. 6 figs.

  9. 25 CFR 217.6 - Method of casting votes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Method of casting votes. 217.6 Section 217.6 Indians.... § 217.6 Method of casting votes. Within 30 days after an issue and any analysis provided for in §§ 217.4... superintendent in writing of the number of votes cast for and against the proposed or alternative solutions. If...

  10. 28 CFR Appendix to Part 51 - Jurisdictions Covered Under Section 4(b) of the Voting Rights Act, as Amended

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) of the Voting Rights Act, as Amended Appendix to Part 51 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) PROCEDURES FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF SECTION 5 OF THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965, AS AMENDED Pt. 51, App. Appendix to Part 51—Jurisdictions Covered Under Section 4(b) of the Voting Rights Act...

  11. 28 CFR Appendix to Part 51 - Jurisdictions Covered Under Section 4(b) of the Voting Rights Act, as Amended

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) of the Voting Rights Act, as Amended Appendix to Part 51 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) PROCEDURES FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF SECTION 5 OF THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965, AS AMENDED Pt. 51, App. Appendix to Part 51—Jurisdictions Covered Under Section 4(b) of the Voting Rights Act...

  12. Diverging Life Expectancies and Voting Patterns in the 2016 US Presidential Election.

    PubMed

    Bor, Jacob

    2017-10-01

    To assess whether voting patterns in the 2016 US presidential election were correlated with long-run trends in county life expectancy. I examined county-level voting data from the 2008 and 2016 presidential elections and assessed Donald Trump's share of the 2016 vote, change in the Republican vote share between 2008 and 2016, and changes in absolute numbers of Democratic and Republican votes. County-level estimates of life expectancy at birth were obtained for 1980 and 2014 from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Changes in county life expectancy from 1980 to 2014 were strongly negatively associated with Trump's vote share, with less support for Trump in counties experiencing greater survival gains. Counties in which life expectancy stagnated or declined saw a 10-percentage-point increase in the Republican vote share between 2008 and 2016. Residents of counties left out from broader life expectancy gains abandoned the Democratic Party in the 2016 presidential election. Since coming to power, the Trump administration has proposed cuts to health insurance for the poor, social programs, health research, and environmental and worker protections, which are key determinants of population health. Health gaps likely will continue to widen without significant public investment in population health.

  13. Distributed tactical reasoning framework for intelligent vehicles

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sukthankar, Rahul; Pomerleau, Dean A.; Thorpe, Chuck E.

    1998-01-01

    In independent vehicle concepts for the Automated Highway System (AHS), the ability to make competent tactical-level decisions in real-time is crucial. Traditional approaches to tactical reasoning typically involve the implementation of large monolithic systems, such as decision trees or finite state machines. However, as the complexity of the environment grows, the unforeseen interactions between components can make modifications to such systems very challenging. For example, changing an overtaking behavior may require several, non-local changes to car-following, lane changing and gap acceptance rules. This paper presents a distributed solution to the problem. PolySAPIENT consists of a collection of autonomous modules, each specializing in a particular aspect of the driving task - classified by traffic entities rather than tactical behavior. Thus, the influence of the vehicle ahead on the available actions is managed by one reasoning object, while the implications of an approaching exit are managed by another. The independent recommendations form these reasoning objects are expressed in the form of votes and vetos over a 'tactical action space', and are resolved by a voting arbiter. This local independence enables PolySAPIENT reasoning objects to be developed independently, using a heterogenous implementation. PolySAPIENT vehicles are implemented in the SHIVA tactical highway simulator, whose vehicles are based on the Carnegie Mellon Navlab robots.

  14. Walking the walk? Experiments on the effect of pledging to vote on youth turnout

    PubMed Central

    Prevost, Alicia

    2018-01-01

    Psychological theories of political behavior suggest that commitments to perform a certain action can significantly increase the likelihood of such action, but this has rarely been tested in an experimental context. Does pledging to vote increase turnout? In cooperation with the Environmental Defense Fund during the 2016 election, we conduct the first randomized controlled trials testing whether young people who pledge to vote are more likely to turn out than those who are contacted using standard Get-Out-the-Vote materials. Overall, pledging to vote increased voter turnout by 3.7 points among all subjects and 5.6 points for people who had never voted before. These findings lend support for theories of commitment and have practical implications for mobilization efforts aimed at expanding the electorate. PMID:29813075

  15. 2012 election results

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Robinson, Robert; Tetzlaff, Doerthe

    2012-10-01

    On 4 October 2012, AGU members completed voting for the 2013-2014 leadership term. Union officers, Board members, section and focus group officers, and student and early career representatives to the Council were elected. All members who joined or renewed their membership by 1 July 2012 were eligible to vote in this year's leadership election. The vote was held electronically, and access to voting was provided to all eligible voters for a period of 31 days. The voting was conducted by Survey and Ballot Systems, Inc. (SBS). SBS, which offers election planning and management services, provided unique login credentials and other support services for eligible voters throughout the election. Voting results were certified by SBS on 8 October and by the AGU Tellers Committee on 9 October. The overall participation rate was 21.9%, an increase over previous AGU elections.

  16. Affinity communities in United Nations voting: Implications for democracy, cooperation, and conflict

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pauls, Scott D.; Cranmer, Skyler J.

    2017-10-01

    A network oriented examination of the co-voting network of the United Nations (UN) provides powerful insights into the international alignment of states, as well as normatively important processes such as democracy, defensive cooperation, and armed conflict. Here, we investigate the UN co-voting network using the tools of community detection and inductively identify "affinity communities" in which states articulate similar policy preferences through their voting patterns. Analysis of these communities reveals that there is more information contained in UN voting and co-voting patterns than has previously been thought. Affinity communities have complex relationships with some of the most normatively important international outcomes: they reflect transitions to democracy, have a feedback loop with the formation of defensive alliances, and actively help states avoid armed conflict.

  17. 25 CFR 170.158 - How does the IRR Program Coordinating Committee conduct business?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false How does the IRR Program Coordinating Committee conduct business? 170.158 Section 170.158 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND AND... committee members. (b) The Committee will operate by consensus or majority vote, as determined by the...

  18. 78 FR 28900 - FS Investment Corporation, et al.; Notice of Application

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-16

    ... majority of the members of the board of directors (``Board'') of each of the Funds are not ``interested persons'' as defined in section 2(a)(19) of the Act (``Independent Directors''). \\1\\ Section 2(a)(48... allocation to the directors or trustees, as applicable, eligible to vote under section 57(o) of the Act...

  19. Chapter 1: Locating Youth Civic Engagement

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Roholt, Ross VeLure; Hildreth, R. W.; Baizerman, Michael

    2007-01-01

    There is a moral panic in the US about youth civic engagement because data show decreasing rates of involvement in organized groups and with voting. There are multiple interpretations of what this means for democracy and about young people. One major reading is that interest in civic life is decreasing and this is seen to be related to…

  20. Few Conservatives but Many Centrists Teach in Academe

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Glenn, David

    2007-01-01

    Conservatives are a small minority within the American professoriate, according to a major study whose results were released this month. The study, arguably the best-designed survey of American faculty beliefs since the early 1970s, found that only 9.2 percent of college instructors are conservatives, and that only 20.4 percent voted for George W.…

  1. 12 CFR 1278.3 - Merger agreement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 9 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Merger agreement. 1278.3 Section 1278.3 Banks... LOAN BANKS § 1278.3 Merger agreement. A merger of Banks under the authority of § 1278.2 shall require a written merger agreement that: (a) Has been authorized by the affirmative vote of a majority of a quorum...

  2. Balancing Structure and Creativity in Culminating Projects for Liberal Arts Mathematics

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kasman, Reva

    2014-01-01

    Liberal arts mathematics courses can provide non-majors the opportunity to connect mathematical topics with areas of personal interest. This article describes two end-of-unit writing assignments (on voting and graph theory) that have been structured so that each student is able to synthesize course material in a unique way, while ensuring a…

  3. Building Public Support for School Leaders

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Schultz, Bob

    2013-01-01

    Almost three-fourths of the American public has lost confidence in the nation's schools, but the recent passage of the Proposition 30 shows that the majority of voters in California hold on to their hope for their schools. School administrators need to build on that vote of confidence, starting at the local level, so they can help the public…

  4. Legislator voting and behavioral science theory: a systematic review.

    PubMed

    Tung, Gregory J; Vernick, Jon S; Reiney, Erin V; Gielen, Andrea C

    2012-11-01

    To examine the application of behavioral science theories to explain the voting behavior of legislators for public health policies. We conducted a systematic review to identify studies that examined factors associated with legislator support, intention to vote, or actual votes on public health policies, emphasizing those grounded in behavior science theory. Twenty-one papers met our inclusion criteria, and 6 were explicitly grounded in a behavioral science theory. Behavioral science theories, and the theory of planned behavior in particular, provide a framework for understanding legislator voting behavior and can be used by advocates to advance pro-health policies.

  5. 14 CFR 47.8 - Voting trusts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... provide for the succession of a voting trustee in the event of death, disability, resignation, termination of citizenship, or any other event leading to the replacement of any voting trustee. Upon succession...

  6. 14 CFR 47.8 - Voting trusts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ...) of this section must provide for the succession of a voting trustee in the event of death, disability.... Upon succession, the replacement voting trustee shall immediately submit to the Registry the affidavit...

  7. 14 CFR 47.8 - Voting trusts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ...) of this section must provide for the succession of a voting trustee in the event of death, disability.... Upon succession, the replacement voting trustee shall immediately submit to the Registry the affidavit...

  8. 14 CFR 47.8 - Voting trusts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... provide for the succession of a voting trustee in the event of death, disability, resignation, termination of citizenship, or any other event leading to the replacement of any voting trustee. Upon succession...

  9. Parental Leave Legislation in the U.S. Senate: Toward a Model of Roll-Call Voting.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Monroe, Pamela A.; Garand, James C.

    1991-01-01

    Developed and tested a model of roll-call voting by U.S. senators on a cloture motion relating to the Parental and Medical Leave Act of 1988. Senate roll-call voting was found to be dominated by policy liberalism and party, whereas the impact of contextual demand variables was relatively minor and indirect, and votes could be accurately predicted.…

  10. 28 CFR Appendix to Part 55 - Jurisdictions Covered Under Sections 4(f)(4) and 203(c) of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, as Amended

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...)(4) and 203(c) of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, as Amended Appendix to Part 55 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROVISIONS OF THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT...)(4) and 203(c) of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, as Amended [Applicable language minority group(s...

  11. 2008 Post-Election Voting Survey of Overseas Citizens: Statistical Methodology Report

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-08-01

    Gorsak. Westat performed data collection and editing. DMDC’s Survey Technology Branch, under the guidance of Frederick Licari, Branch Chief, is...POST-ELECTION VOTING SURVEY OF OVERSEAS CITIZENS: STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY REPORT Executive Summary The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee ...ease the process of voting absentee , (3) to evaluate other progress made to facilitate voting participation, and (4) to identify any remaining

  12. County community health associations of net voting shift in the 2016 U.S. presidential election

    PubMed Central

    Stewart, Charles; Bhambhani, Vijeta

    2017-01-01

    Importance In the U.S. presidential election of 2016, substantial shift in voting patterns occurred relative to previous elections. Although this shift has been associated with both education and race, the extent to which this shift was related to public health status is unclear. Objective To determine the extent to which county community health was associated with changes in voting between the presidential elections of 2016 and 2012. Design Ecological study with principal component analysis (PCA) using principal axis method to extract the components, then generalized linear regression. Setting General community. Participants All counties in the United States. Exposures Physically unhealthy days, mentally unhealthy days, percent food insecure, teen birth rate, primary care physician visit rate, age-adjusted mortality rate, violent crime rate, average health care costs, percent diabetic, and percent overweight or obese. Main outcome The percentage of Donald Trump votes in 2016 minus percentage of Mitt Romney votes in 2012 (“net voting shift”). Results Complete public health data was available for 3,009 counties which were included in the analysis. The mean net voting shift was 5.4% (+/- 5.8%). Of these 3,009 counties, 2,641 (87.8%) had positive net voting shift (shifted towards Trump) and 368 counties (12.2%) had negative net voting shift (shifted away from Trump). The first principal component (“unhealthy score”) accounted for 68% of the total variance in the data. The unhealthy score included all health variables except primary care physician rate, violent crime rate, and health care costs. The mean unhealthy score for counties was 0.39 (SD 0.16). Higher normalized unhealthy score was associated with positive net voting shift (22.1% shift per unit unhealthy, p < 0.0001). This association was stronger in states that switched Electoral College votes from 2012 to 2016 than in other states (5.9% per unit unhealthy, p <0.0001). Conclusions and relevance Substantial association exists between a shift toward voting for Donald Trump in 2016 relative to Mitt Romney in 2012 and measures of poor public health. Although these results do not demonstrate causality, these results suggest a possible role for health status in political choices. PMID:28968415

  13. County community health associations of net voting shift in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.

    PubMed

    Wasfy, Jason H; Stewart, Charles; Bhambhani, Vijeta

    2017-01-01

    In the U.S. presidential election of 2016, substantial shift in voting patterns occurred relative to previous elections. Although this shift has been associated with both education and race, the extent to which this shift was related to public health status is unclear. To determine the extent to which county community health was associated with changes in voting between the presidential elections of 2016 and 2012. Ecological study with principal component analysis (PCA) using principal axis method to extract the components, then generalized linear regression. General community. All counties in the United States. Physically unhealthy days, mentally unhealthy days, percent food insecure, teen birth rate, primary care physician visit rate, age-adjusted mortality rate, violent crime rate, average health care costs, percent diabetic, and percent overweight or obese. The percentage of Donald Trump votes in 2016 minus percentage of Mitt Romney votes in 2012 ("net voting shift"). Complete public health data was available for 3,009 counties which were included in the analysis. The mean net voting shift was 5.4% (+/- 5.8%). Of these 3,009 counties, 2,641 (87.8%) had positive net voting shift (shifted towards Trump) and 368 counties (12.2%) had negative net voting shift (shifted away from Trump). The first principal component ("unhealthy score") accounted for 68% of the total variance in the data. The unhealthy score included all health variables except primary care physician rate, violent crime rate, and health care costs. The mean unhealthy score for counties was 0.39 (SD 0.16). Higher normalized unhealthy score was associated with positive net voting shift (22.1% shift per unit unhealthy, p < 0.0001). This association was stronger in states that switched Electoral College votes from 2012 to 2016 than in other states (5.9% per unit unhealthy, p <0.0001). Substantial association exists between a shift toward voting for Donald Trump in 2016 relative to Mitt Romney in 2012 and measures of poor public health. Although these results do not demonstrate causality, these results suggest a possible role for health status in political choices.

  14. Family Planning Policy in the United States: The Converging Politics of Abortion and Contraception

    PubMed Central

    Aiken, Abigail R.A.; Scott, James

    2016-01-01

    Objectives Following decades of mainstream bipartisan support, contraception has re-emerged as a controversial political issue in the United States. At the same time, opposition to abortion has intensified. State legislatures across the country have enacted highly visible policies limiting access to family planning. Perhaps the most striking example occurred in 2011 in Texas, when legislators instituted unprecedented requirements on abortion providers and cut public funding for contraception by two-thirds. Yet despite popular interpretations of this phenomenon as a simple byproduct of increasing partisan divisions, little is understood about the factors underlying such policy shifts. Study Design We fit Bayesian ideal-point models to analyze correlation patterns in record-vote data in the Texas House of Representatives in the 2003 and 2011 Legislatures. Both sessions had large Republican majorities and saw the passage of restrictive abortion bills, but they differed markedly with respect to public funding for contraception. Results We demonstrate that variation in voting on family-planning issues cannot be fully attributed to partisanship in either session. However, the politics of abortion and contraception have converged over time, and—at least for Democrats—the correlation between constituency characteristics and voting behavior on family-planning legislation is markedly higher in 2011 than in 2003. These shifts have been partly driven by legislators from high-poverty, majority Latino districts near the U.S.-Mexico border. Conclusions Recent dramatic shifts in family-planning policy go beyond simple partisan divisions. As the politics of abortion and contraception have converged, policies that are increasingly hostile to reproductive health and that disproportionately affect low-income minority women have emerged. PMID:26794846

  15. Same Game, Different Rules? Gender Differences in Political Participation.

    PubMed

    Coffé, Hilde; Bolzendahl, Catherine

    2010-03-01

    We investigate gender gaps in political participation with 2004 ISSP data for 18 advanced Western democracies (N: 20,359) using linear and logistic regression models. Controlling for socio-economic characteristics and political attitudes reveals that women are more likely than men to have voted and engaged in 'private' activism, while men are more likely to have engaged in direct contact, collective types of actions and be (more active) members of political parties. Our analysis indicates that demographic and attitudinal characteristics influence participation differently among men and among women, as well as across types of participation. These results highlight the need to move toward a view of women engaging in differing types of participation and based on different characteristics.

  16. High recall document content extraction

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    An, Chang; Baird, Henry S.

    2011-01-01

    We report methodologies for computing high-recall masks for document image content extraction, that is, the location and segmentation of regions containing handwriting, machine-printed text, photographs, blank space, etc. The resulting segmentation is pixel-accurate, which accommodates arbitrary zone shapes (not merely rectangles). We describe experiments showing that iterated classifiers can increase recall of all content types, with little loss of precision. We also introduce two methodological enhancements: (1) a multi-stage voting rule; and (2) a scoring policy that views blank pixels as a "don't care" class with other content classes. These enhancements improve both recall and precision, achieving at least 89% recall and at least 87% precision among three content types: machine-print, handwriting, and photo.

  17. Forty-Year Anniversary of Louisiana's Medical Malpractice Act, Act 817 of 1975.

    PubMed

    Palmisano, Donald J

    2015-01-01

    Here we are at the 40th anniversary of the passage of the 1975 Medical Malpractice Act, Act 817.2 How time flies! Act 817 of 1975 lives and the Louisiana State Supreme Court has ruled the current law, a total cap on all damages with its 1984 amendment for unlimited future medical payments as incurred (La. Act 435 of 19843), constitutional in the Butler case previously cited in the 20-year anniversary article (reprinted in this issue of the Journal). Louisiana's law was voted into law prior to California's famous medical liability law.4 For another great triumph, see Texas and its success in 2003.5 Three different laws; three proven long-term successes.

  18. Do doctors vote?

    PubMed

    Grande, David; Asch, David A; Armstrong, Katrina

    2007-05-01

    Organizational leaders and scholars have issued calls for the medical profession to refocus its efforts on fulfilling the core tenets of professionalism. A key element of professionalism is participation in community affairs. To measure physician voting rates as an indicator of civic participation. Cross-sectional survey of a subgroup of physicians from a nationally representative household survey of civilian, noninstitutionalized adult citizens. A total of 350,870 participants in the Current Population Survey (CPS) November Voter Supplement from 1996-2002, including 1,274 physicians and 1,886 lawyers; 414,989 participants in the CPS survey from 1976-1982, including 2,033 health professionals. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to compare adjusted physician voting rates in the 1996-2002 congressional and presidential elections with those of lawyers and the general population and to compare voting rates of health professionals in 1996-2002 with those in 1976-1992. After multivariate adjustment for characteristics known to be associated with voting rates, physicians were less likely to vote than the general population in 1998 (odds ratio 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59-0.99), 2000 (odds ratio 0.64; 95% CI 0.44-0.93), and 2002 (odds ratio 0.62; 95% CI 0.48-0.80) but not 1996 (odds ratio 0.83; 95% CI 0.59-1.17). Lawyers voted at higher rates than the general population and doctors in all four elections (P < .001). The pooled adjusted odds ratio for physician voting across the four elections was 0.70 (CI 0.61-0.81). No substantial changes in voting rates for health professionals were observed between 1976-1982 and 1996-2002. Physicians have lower adjusted voting rates than lawyers and the general population, suggesting reduced civic participation.

  19. Group Augmentation in Realistic Visual-Search Decisions via a Hybrid Brain-Computer Interface.

    PubMed

    Valeriani, Davide; Cinel, Caterina; Poli, Riccardo

    2017-08-10

    Groups have increased sensing and cognition capabilities that typically allow them to make better decisions. However, factors such as communication biases and time constraints can lead to less-than-optimal group decisions. In this study, we use a hybrid Brain-Computer Interface (hBCI) to improve the performance of groups undertaking a realistic visual-search task. Our hBCI extracts neural information from EEG signals and combines it with response times to build an estimate of the decision confidence. This is used to weigh individual responses, resulting in improved group decisions. We compare the performance of hBCI-assisted groups with the performance of non-BCI groups using standard majority voting, and non-BCI groups using weighted voting based on reported decision confidence. We also investigate the impact on group performance of a computer-mediated form of communication between members. Results across three experiments suggest that the hBCI provides significant advantages over non-BCI decision methods in all cases. We also found that our form of communication increases individual error rates by almost 50% compared to non-communicating observers, which also results in worse group performance. Communication also makes reported confidence uncorrelated with the decision correctness, thereby nullifying its value in weighing votes. In summary, best decisions are achieved by hBCI-assisted, non-communicating groups.

  20. Selection Bias, Vote Counting, and Money-Priming Effects: A Comment on Rohrer, Pashler, and Harris (2015) and Vohs (2015)

    PubMed Central

    2016-01-01

    When a series of studies fails to replicate a well-documented effect, researchers might be tempted to use a “vote counting” approach to decide whether the effect is reliable—that is, simply comparing the number of successful and unsuccessful replications. Vohs’s (2015) response to the absence of money priming effects reported by Rohrer, Pashler, and Harris (2015) provides an example of this approach. Unfortunately, vote counting is a poor strategy to assess the reliability of psychological findings because it neglects the impact of selection bias and questionable research practices. In the present comment, we show that a range of meta-analytic tools indicate irregularities in the money priming literature discussed by Rohrer et al. and Vohs, which all point to the conclusion that these effects are distorted by selection bias, reporting biases, or p-hacking. This could help to explain why money-priming effects have proven unreliable in a number of direct replication attempts in which biases have been minimized through preregistration or transparent reporting. Our major conclusion is that the simple proportion of significant findings is a poor guide to the reliability of research and that preregistered replications are an essential means to assess the reliability of money-priming effects. PMID:27077759

  1. Selection bias, vote counting, and money-priming effects: A comment on Rohrer, Pashler, and Harris (2015) and Vohs (2015).

    PubMed

    Vadillo, Miguel A; Hardwicke, Tom E; Shanks, David R

    2016-05-01

    When a series of studies fails to replicate a well-documented effect, researchers might be tempted to use a "vote counting" approach to decide whether the effect is reliable-that is, simply comparing the number of successful and unsuccessful replications. Vohs's (2015) response to the absence of money priming effects reported by Rohrer, Pashler, and Harris (2015) provides an example of this approach. Unfortunately, vote counting is a poor strategy to assess the reliability of psychological findings because it neglects the impact of selection bias and questionable research practices. In the present comment, we show that a range of meta-analytic tools indicate irregularities in the money priming literature discussed by Rohrer et al. and Vohs, which all point to the conclusion that these effects are distorted by selection bias, reporting biases, or p-hacking. This could help to explain why money-priming effects have proven unreliable in a number of direct replication attempts in which biases have been minimized through preregistration or transparent reporting. Our major conclusion is that the simple proportion of significant findings is a poor guide to the reliability of research and that preregistered replications are an essential means to assess the reliability of money-priming effects. (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

  2. Potential follow-up increases private contributions to public goods.

    PubMed

    Rogers, Todd; Ternovski, John; Yoeli, Erez

    2016-05-10

    People contribute more to public goods when their contributions are made more observable to others. We report an intervention that subtly increases the observability of public goods contributions when people are solicited privately and impersonally (e.g., mail, email, social media). This intervention is tested in a large-scale field experiment (n = 770,946) in which people are encouraged to vote through get-out-the-vote letters. We vary whether the letters include the message, "We may call you after the election to ask about your voting experience." Increasing the perceived observability of whether people vote by including that message increased the impact of the get-out-the-vote letters by more than the entire effect of a typical get-out-the-vote letter. This technique for increasing perceived observability can be replicated whenever public goods solicitations are made in private.

  3. Integration of adaptive guided filtering, deep feature learning, and edge-detection techniques for hyperspectral image classification

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wan, Xiaoqing; Zhao, Chunhui; Gao, Bing

    2017-11-01

    The integration of an edge-preserving filtering technique in the classification of a hyperspectral image (HSI) has been proven effective in enhancing classification performance. This paper proposes an ensemble strategy for HSI classification using an edge-preserving filter along with a deep learning model and edge detection. First, an adaptive guided filter is applied to the original HSI to reduce the noise in degraded images and to extract powerful spectral-spatial features. Second, the extracted features are fed as input to a stacked sparse autoencoder to adaptively exploit more invariant and deep feature representations; then, a random forest classifier is applied to fine-tune the entire pretrained network and determine the classification output. Third, a Prewitt compass operator is further performed on the HSI to extract the edges of the first principal component after dimension reduction. Moreover, the regional growth rule is applied to the resulting edge logical image to determine the local region for each unlabeled pixel. Finally, the categories of the corresponding neighborhood samples are determined in the original classification map; then, the major voting mechanism is implemented to generate the final output. Extensive experiments proved that the proposed method achieves competitive performance compared with several traditional approaches.

  4. Decoding of Human Movements Based on Deep Brain Local Field Potentials Using Ensemble Neural Networks

    PubMed Central

    2017-01-01

    Decoding neural activities related to voluntary and involuntary movements is fundamental to understanding human brain motor circuits and neuromotor disorders and can lead to the development of neuromotor prosthetic devices for neurorehabilitation. This study explores using recorded deep brain local field potentials (LFPs) for robust movement decoding of Parkinson's disease (PD) and Dystonia patients. The LFP data from voluntary movement activities such as left and right hand index finger clicking were recorded from patients who underwent surgeries for implantation of deep brain stimulation electrodes. Movement-related LFP signal features were extracted by computing instantaneous power related to motor response in different neural frequency bands. An innovative neural network ensemble classifier has been proposed and developed for accurate prediction of finger movement and its forthcoming laterality. The ensemble classifier contains three base neural network classifiers, namely, feedforward, radial basis, and probabilistic neural networks. The majority voting rule is used to fuse the decisions of the three base classifiers to generate the final decision of the ensemble classifier. The overall decoding performance reaches a level of agreement (kappa value) at about 0.729 ± 0.16 for decoding movement from the resting state and about 0.671 ± 0.14 for decoding left and right visually cued movements. PMID:29201041

  5. Voting rights for alien residents--who wants it?

    PubMed

    Tung, K R

    1985-01-01

    Foreign nationals permanently domiciled in Sweden have been entitled since 1975 to vote and to municipal and county council elections. This article examines some of the major issues associated with international migration and disenfranchisement of migrants created by a contradiction between economic and political rationale. The alien population of Sweden remained small for a long time, but during the 1960s it rose 1st to 300,000 and later to 400,000 persons. Since 1970, aliens have constituted roughly 5% of the total national population of 8.3 million. Surveys following the 3 elections held in Sweden so far have shown immigrants to be quite well informed concerning election procedures and the parties. In contrast to single males, women with children tend to be highly stable, because of favorable social security for women, particularly for women with children. Participation elections among women (55%) is higher than among men (49%), and married women (58%) are usually the highest participants. Class-voting is still rather strong in Sweden; the percentage difference in preference for Socialist parties between working-class and middle-class was as high 55% in 1960. Long term trends in the distribution of party-preference among immigrants are determined to a large extent by the policy on immigration regulation and political asylum for refugees and exiles. Another selectivity is due to the differential remigration rate. A 1976 study showed that although local franchise of immigrants is now the law of the land, some Swedes are still against the granting of voting rights and electability to immigrants. On the whole, there is clearly a psychological environment conducive, at least in Stockholm, to the task of putting local franchise reform into real practice.

  6. Programming Methodology for High Performance Applications on Tiled Architectures

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-06-01

    members, both voting and non- voting ; • A page of links, including links to all available PCA home pages, the home pages of other DARPA programs of...HPEC-SI); and • Organizational information on the Morphware Forum, such as membership requirements and voting procedures. The web site was the...The following organizations are voting members of the Morphware Forum at this writing: o Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency o Georgia

  7. 28 CFR Appendix to Part 55 - Jurisdictions Covered Under Sections 4(f)(4) and 203(c) of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, as Amended

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...)(4) and 203(c) of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, as Amended Appendix to Part 55 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROVISIONS OF THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT...)(4) and 203(c) of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, as Amended Jurisdictions Covered Under Sections 4(f...

  8. "The Goddamndest, Toughest Voting Rights Bill": Critical Race Theory and the Voting Rights Act of 1965

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Crowley, Ryan M.

    2013-01-01

    The author utilized Critical Race Theory (CRT) to examine the passage of the US Voting Rights Act (VRA) of 1965 in an effort to disrupt the simplistic, uncritical understandings of the US Civil Rights Movement common to school texts while also arguing for the ongoing importance of the VRA in a time when voting rights for people of color are under…

  9. The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act: Overview and Issues

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-05-29

    action officers to perform voting assistance duties; establish procedures to ensure a postmark or proof of mailing date on absentee ballots; requires...CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act...TYPE 3. DATES COVERED 00-00-2009 to 00-00-2009 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act: Overview and

  10. The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act: Background and Issues

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2003-01-30

    action officers to perform voting assistance duties; establish procedures to ensure a postmark or proof of mailing date on absentee ballots; requires...2003 The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act: Background and Issues Kevin J. Coleman Analyst in American National Government...Government and Finance Division Summary Members of the military and U.S. citizens who live abroad are eligible to register and vote absentee in federal

  11. The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act: Background and Issues

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-05-12

    The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act: Background and Issues Kevin J. Coleman Analyst in American National Government Government...and Finance Division Summary Members of the military and U.S. citizens who live abroad are eligible to register and vote absentee in federal elections...under the provisions of the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (UOCAVA) of 1986. The law was enacted to improve absentee registration

  12. Diverging Life Expectancies and Voting Patterns in the 2016 US Presidential Election

    PubMed Central

    2017-01-01

    Objectives. To assess whether voting patterns in the 2016 US presidential election were correlated with long-run trends in county life expectancy. Methods. I examined county-level voting data from the 2008 and 2016 presidential elections and assessed Donald Trump’s share of the 2016 vote, change in the Republican vote share between 2008 and 2016, and changes in absolute numbers of Democratic and Republican votes. County-level estimates of life expectancy at birth were obtained for 1980 and 2014 from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Results. Changes in county life expectancy from 1980 to 2014 were strongly negatively associated with Trump’s vote share, with less support for Trump in counties experiencing greater survival gains. Counties in which life expectancy stagnated or declined saw a 10-percentage-point increase in the Republican vote share between 2008 and 2016. Conclusions. Residents of counties left out from broader life expectancy gains abandoned the Democratic Party in the 2016 presidential election. Since coming to power, the Trump administration has proposed cuts to health insurance for the poor, social programs, health research, and environmental and worker protections, which are key determinants of population health. Health gaps likely will continue to widen without significant public investment in population health. PMID:28817322

  13. Applying voting theory in natural resource management: a case of multiple-criteria group decision support.

    PubMed

    Laukkanen, Sanna; Kangas, Annika; Kangas, Jyrki

    2002-02-01

    Voting theory has a lot in common with utility theory, and especially with group decision-making. An expected-utility-maximising strategy exists in voting situations, as well as in decision-making situations. Therefore, it is natural to utilise the achievements of voting theory also in group decision-making. Most voting systems are based on a single criterion or holistic preference information on decision alternatives. However, a voting scheme called multicriteria approval is specially developed for decision-making situations with multiple criteria. This study considers the voting theory from the group decision support point of view and compares it with some other methods applied to similar purposes in natural resource management. A case study is presented, where the approval voting approach is introduced to natural resources planning and tested in a forestry group decision-making process. Applying multicriteria approval method was found to be a potential approach for handling some challenges typical for forestry group decision support. These challenges include (i) utilising ordinal information in the evaluation of decision alternatives, (ii) being readily understandable for and treating equally all the stakeholders in possession of different levels of knowledge on the subject considered, (iii) fast and cheap acquisition of preference information from several stakeholders, and (iv) dealing with multiple criteria.

  14. 25 CFR 81.18 - Manner of voting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... STATUTE § 81.18 Manner of voting. (a) Registered voters may vote by arriving at the appropriate polling... approved. (c) The election board may choose not to use polling places and provide for the issuance and...

  15. VOTE: Military and Overseas Voters

    Science.gov Websites

    Absentee Voting Week WASHINGTON, Sept. 27, 2010 - The Department of Defense announced Absentee Voting Week Photos Week In Photos Videos DIMOC DOD/Military Seals DoD Flickr Secretary of Defense Flickr Deputy

  16. 28 CFR 51.17 - Special elections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965, AS AMENDED General Provisions § 51.17 Special elections. (a) The... change in a practice or procedure that affects voting may submit the change to be voted on at the same...

  17. 28 CFR 51.17 - Special elections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965, AS AMENDED General Provisions § 51.17 Special elections. (a) The... change in a practice or procedure that affects voting may submit the change to be voted on at the same...

  18. Brain indices of disagreement with one’s social values predict EU referendum voting behavior

    PubMed Central

    Sirota, Miroslav; Materassi, Maurizio; Zaninotto, Francesca; Terry, Philip

    2017-01-01

    Abstract Pre-electoral surveys typically attempt, and sometimes fail, to predict voting behavior on the basis of explicit measures of agreement or disagreement with a candidate or political position. Here, we assessed whether a specific brain signature of disagreement with one’s social values, the event-related potential component N400, could be predictive of voting behavior. We examined this possibility in the context of the EU referendum in the UK. In the 5 weeks preceding the referendum, we recorded the N400 while participants with different vote intentions expressed their agreement or disagreement with pro- and against-EU statements. We showed that the N400 responded to statements incongruent with one’s view regarding the EU. Crucially, this effect predicted actual voting behavior in decided as well as undecided voters. The N400 was a better predictor of voting choice than an explicit index of preference based on the behavioral responses. Our findings demonstrate that well-defined patterns of brain activity can forecast future voting behavior. PMID:28981799

  19. 49 CFR 1013.1 - The independence of the trustee of a voting trust.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... corporate securities constitute the corpus of the trust. (e) The trustee should be entitled to receive cash... of voting securities is purchased. (b) In voting the trusteed stock, the trustee should maintain...

  20. 49 CFR 1013.1 - The independence of the trustee of a voting trust.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... corporate securities constitute the corpus of the trust. (e) The trustee should be entitled to receive cash... of voting securities is purchased. (b) In voting the trusteed stock, the trustee should maintain...

  1. 49 CFR 1013.1 - The independence of the trustee of a voting trust.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... corporate securities constitute the corpus of the trust. (e) The trustee should be entitled to receive cash... of voting securities is purchased. (b) In voting the trusteed stock, the trustee should maintain...

  2. 49 CFR 1013.1 - The independence of the trustee of a voting trust.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... corporate securities constitute the corpus of the trust. (e) The trustee should be entitled to receive cash... of voting securities is purchased. (b) In voting the trusteed stock, the trustee should maintain...

  3. 49 CFR 1013.1 - The independence of the trustee of a voting trust.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... corporate securities constitute the corpus of the trust. (e) The trustee should be entitled to receive cash... of voting securities is purchased. (b) In voting the trusteed stock, the trustee should maintain...

  4. 2008 Post-Election Voting Survey of Federal Civilians Overseas: Statistical Methodology Report

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-08-01

    Westat, Inc. developed weights for this survey. Westat performed data collection and editing. DMDC’s Survey Technology Branch, under the guidance...Summary The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act of 1986 (UOCAVA), 42 USC 1973ff, permits members of the Uniformed Services and...assess the impact of the FVAP’s efforts to simplify and ease the process of voting absentee , (3) to evaluate other progress made to facilitate voting

  5. A triangle voting algorithm based on double feature constraints for star sensors

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fan, Qiaoyun; Zhong, Xuyang

    2018-02-01

    A novel autonomous star identification algorithm is presented in this study. In the proposed algorithm, each sensor star constructs multi-triangle with its bright neighbor stars and obtains its candidates by triangle voting process, in which the triangle is considered as the basic voting element. In order to accelerate the speed of this algorithm and reduce the required memory for star database, feature extraction is carried out to reduce the dimension of triangles and each triangle is described by its base and height. During the identification period, the voting scheme based on double feature constraints is proposed to implement triangle voting. This scheme guarantees that only the catalog star satisfying two features can vote for the sensor star, which improves the robustness towards false stars. The simulation and real star image test demonstrate that compared with the other two algorithms, the proposed algorithm is more robust towards position noise, magnitude noise and false stars.

  6. Under threat by popular vote: German-speaking immigrants’ affect and cognitions following the Swiss vote against mass immigration

    PubMed Central

    Janke, Stefan; Greifeneder, Rainer

    2017-01-01

    A popular initiative in support of regulating future immigration to Switzerland was accepted by the electorate in 2014. Assuming that the initiative acted as an exclusionary threat for current immigrants of Switzerland, we conducted an online survey among a sample of highly-skilled German-speaking immigrants (“expats”). Participants reported having experienced negative affect following the vote. Moreover, having a more left-wing orientation, living in a political constituency that had voted pro-regulation and having proportionally few Swiss friends positively predicted negative affect following the vote. Negative affect was associated with a reported negative change in one’s attitudes towards Switzerland, increased considerations to leave the country, and impaired satisfaction with life. In sum, the results suggest that a powerful exclusionary threat such as a national vote may be experienced as distressful by highly-skilled immigrants currently living in the country. PMID:28406990

  7. Anonymous voting for multi-dimensional CV quantum system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rong-Hua, Shi; Yi, Xiao; Jin-Jing, Shi; Ying, Guo; Moon-Ho, Lee

    2016-06-01

    We investigate the design of anonymous voting protocols, CV-based binary-valued ballot and CV-based multi-valued ballot with continuous variables (CV) in a multi-dimensional quantum cryptosystem to ensure the security of voting procedure and data privacy. The quantum entangled states are employed in the continuous variable quantum system to carry the voting information and assist information transmission, which takes the advantage of the GHZ-like states in terms of improving the utilization of quantum states by decreasing the number of required quantum states. It provides a potential approach to achieve the efficient quantum anonymous voting with high transmission security, especially in large-scale votes. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61272495, 61379153, and 61401519), the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20130162110012), and the MEST-NRF of Korea (Grant No. 2012-002521).

  8. Under threat by popular vote: German-speaking immigrants' affect and cognitions following the Swiss vote against mass immigration.

    PubMed

    Rudert, Selma Carolin; Janke, Stefan; Greifeneder, Rainer

    2017-01-01

    A popular initiative in support of regulating future immigration to Switzerland was accepted by the electorate in 2014. Assuming that the initiative acted as an exclusionary threat for current immigrants of Switzerland, we conducted an online survey among a sample of highly-skilled German-speaking immigrants ("expats"). Participants reported having experienced negative affect following the vote. Moreover, having a more left-wing orientation, living in a political constituency that had voted pro-regulation and having proportionally few Swiss friends positively predicted negative affect following the vote. Negative affect was associated with a reported negative change in one's attitudes towards Switzerland, increased considerations to leave the country, and impaired satisfaction with life. In sum, the results suggest that a powerful exclusionary threat such as a national vote may be experienced as distressful by highly-skilled immigrants currently living in the country.

  9. Halving Student Loan Interest Rates Is Unaffordable and Ineffective. WebMemo No. 1308

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Riedl, Brian M.

    2007-01-01

    The House of Representatives will likely vote this week on a proposal to halve the 6.8 percent interest rate on subsidized student loans as part of the new congressional majority's 100-Hour agenda. This document presents six problems with halving student loan interest rates and argues that, rather than providing billions in new federal subsidies,…

  10. Getting Something for Nothing: Trump, Fraud, and the Tea Party

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bordelon, David

    2017-01-01

    David Bordelon identifies himself as one of the majority of Americans who voted to keep Trump out of office. In this article he discusses his confusion by the Tea Party's fixation on welfare fraud, and inability to recognize it in President Trump's behavior. The author says that he can only hope that his confusion will be shared, and progress to…

  11. Harry Potter and the Public School Library

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    DeMitchell, Todd A.; Carney, John J.

    2005-01-01

    For multitudes of children Harry Potter is a hero. He fights evil and stands up for his friends. However, not all adults agree. Instead, he is perceived as a threat by many. This article discusses how some adults on a school board reacted to this perceived threat. The majority of a school board voted to restrict access to Harry Potter books in the…

  12. 8 CFR 1003.1 - Organization, jurisdiction, and powers of the Board of Immigration Appeals.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... majority vote of the permanent Board members, or by direction of the Chairman, consider any case en banc, or reconsider as the Board en banc any case that has been considered or decided by a three-member... cases that come before them. The Board shall consist of 15 members. A vacancy, or the absence or...

  13. 8 CFR 1003.1 - Organization, jurisdiction, and powers of the Board of Immigration Appeals.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... majority vote of the permanent Board members, or by direction of the Chairman, consider any case en banc, or reconsider as the Board en banc any case that has been considered or decided by a three-member... cases that come before them. The Board shall consist of 15 members. A vacancy, or the absence or...

  14. 8 CFR 1003.1 - Organization, jurisdiction, and powers of the Board of Immigration Appeals.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... majority vote of the permanent Board members, or by direction of the Chairman, consider any case en banc, or reconsider as the Board en banc any case that has been considered or decided by a three-member... cases that come before them. The Board shall consist of 15 members. A vacancy, or the absence or...

  15. Friendly Habitat, Endangered Species: Ecological Theory and the Demise of a High School Mandarin Program

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Shouse, Roger C.; Sun, Jinai

    2013-01-01

    This article presents a case study examining the demise of a high school Mandarin language program in a school district that appeared to offer an exceptionally friendly habitat for its survival. Though members of the school board majority who voted against funding the program offered rational explanations for their decision (e.g., insufficient…

  16. [Constitutional analysis of Mexican Official Norm NOM-174-SSA1-1998 for the handling of obesity].

    PubMed

    Cossío Díaz, José Ramón

    2013-01-01

    The First Chamber of the Mexican Supreme Court of Justice decided, by a majority of four votes, on a case where it had to be evaluated if some articles of a Mexican Official Norm (NOM) on obesity violated human rights. The majority in the chamber concluded that the restrictions went against Medics' prescribing or therapeutic rights, and therefore their freedom to work. Justice Cossío Díaz voted against the judgment and wrote a separate opinion where he holds, first of all, that the prescribing right works as a guideline for the medical profession and is not an essential element of the freedom to work. Secondly, he points out that the freedom to work is not an absolute right, for it has certain limits permitted by the Constitution. Consequently, experts' opinions should have been consulted for them to be able to determine if the NOM´s requirements were in accordance with the Constitution. Finally, he considers that the judgment should have introduced a balancing test between freedom to work and the patient's health rights, since this last-mentioned right was what the NOM intended to protect.

  17. Phase transitions in a multistate majority-vote model on complex networks

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chen, Hanshuang; Li, Guofeng

    2018-06-01

    We generalize the original majority-vote (MV) model from two states to arbitrary p states and study the order-disorder phase transitions in such a p -state MV model on complex networks. By extensive Monte Carlo simulations and a mean-field theory, we show that for p ≥3 the order of phase transition is essentially different from a continuous second-order phase transition in the original two-state MV model. Instead, for p ≥3 the model displays a discontinuous first-order phase transition, which is manifested by the appearance of the hysteresis phenomenon near the phase transition. Within the hysteresis loop, the ordered phase and disordered phase are coexisting, and rare flips between the two phases can be observed due to the finite-size fluctuation. Moreover, we investigate the type of phase transition under a slightly modified dynamics [Melo et al., J. Stat. Mech. (2010) P11032, 10.1088/1742-5468/2010/11/P11032]. We find that the order of phase transition in the three-state MV model depends on the degree heterogeneity of networks. For p ≥4 , both dynamics produce the first-order phase transitions.

  18. [The pharmacist and deputy Henri Schmidt, the law voted in 1913 and said «for three years» and the position of mobilized pharmacists at the beginning of First World War].

    PubMed

    Labrude, Pierre

    2017-03-01

    Henri Schmidt was, with his fellow the senator Paul Cazeneuve, the main defender of the mention of pharmacists and pharmacy students in the articles of the law voted in 1913 for the recruitment of the army. After the description of their interventions to attain this end, and a short biography of these two politicians, the paper explains the activities of the pharmaceutical parliamentary group, during the early years of the war, in view to obtain the admittance in the medical corps of the pharmacists and students unprovided of rank, for the new creation of «auxiliary pharmacists», for the appointment as soon as possible of the maximum number of colleagues at this rank, and then for their promotion to the rank of «aide-major», resolution that appeared more difficult to obtain.

  19. Sociophysics:. a Review of Galam Models

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Galam, Serge

    We review a series of models of sociophysics introduced by Galam and Galam et al. in the last 25 years. The models are divided into five different classes, which deal respectively with democratic voting in bottom-up hierarchical systems, decision making, fragmentation versus coalitions, terrorism and opinion dynamics. For each class the connexion to the original physical model and techniques are outlined underlining both the similarities and the differences. Emphasis is put on the numerous novel and counterintuitive results obtained with respect to the associated social and political framework. Using these models several major real political events were successfully predicted including the victory of the French extreme right party in the 2000 first round of French presidential elections, the voting at fifty-fifty in several democratic countries (Germany, Italy, Mexico), and the victory of the "no" to the 2005 French referendum on the European constitution. The perspectives and the challenges to make sociophysics a predictive solid field of science are discussed.

  20. Improved Targeting Through Collaborative Decision-Making and Brain Computer Interfaces

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Stoica, Adrian; Barrero, David F.; McDonald-Maier, Klaus

    2013-01-01

    This paper reports a first step toward a brain-computer interface (BCI) for collaborative targeting. Specifically, we explore, from a broad perspective, how the collaboration of a group of people can increase the performance on a simple target identification task. To this end, we requested a group of people to identify the location and color of a sequence of targets appearing on the screen and measured the time and accuracy of the response. The individual results are compared to a collective identification result determined by simple majority voting, with random choice in case of drawn. The results are promising, as the identification becomes significantly more reliable even with this simple voting and a small number of people (either odd or even number) involved in the decision. In addition, the paper briefly analyzes the role of brain-computer interfaces in collaborative targeting, extending the targeting task by using a BCI instead of a mechanical response.

  1. Clout, activists and budget: The road to presidency.

    PubMed

    Böttcher, Lucas; Herrmann, Hans J; Gersbach, Hans

    2018-01-01

    Political campaigns involve, in the simplest case, two competing campaign groups which try to obtain a majority of votes. We propose a novel mathematical framework to study political campaign dynamics on social networks whose constituents are either political activists or persuadable individuals. Activists are convinced and do not change their opinion and they are able to move around in the social network to motivate persuadable individuals to vote according to their opinion. We describe the influence of the complex interplay between the number of activists, political clout, budgets, and campaign costs on the campaign result. We also identify situations where the choice of one campaign group to send a certain number of activists already pre-determines their victory. Moreover, we show that a candidate's advantage in terms of political clout can overcome a substantial budget disadvantage or a lower number of activists, as illustrated by the US presidential election 2016.

  2. Clout, activists and budget: The road to presidency

    PubMed Central

    Herrmann, Hans J.; Gersbach, Hans

    2018-01-01

    Political campaigns involve, in the simplest case, two competing campaign groups which try to obtain a majority of votes. We propose a novel mathematical framework to study political campaign dynamics on social networks whose constituents are either political activists or persuadable individuals. Activists are convinced and do not change their opinion and they are able to move around in the social network to motivate persuadable individuals to vote according to their opinion. We describe the influence of the complex interplay between the number of activists, political clout, budgets, and campaign costs on the campaign result. We also identify situations where the choice of one campaign group to send a certain number of activists already pre-determines their victory. Moreover, we show that a candidate’s advantage in terms of political clout can overcome a substantial budget disadvantage or a lower number of activists, as illustrated by the US presidential election 2016. PMID:29494627

  3. Contextual priming: Where people vote affects how they vote

    PubMed Central

    Berger, Jonah; Meredith, Marc; Wheeler, S. Christian

    2008-01-01

    American voters are assigned to vote at a particular polling location (e.g., a church, school, etc.). We show these assigned polling locations can influence how people vote. Analysis of a recent general election demonstrates that people who were assigned to vote in schools were more likely to support a school funding initiative. This effect persisted even when controlling for voters' political views, demographics, and unobservable characteristics of individuals living near schools. A follow-up experiment using random assignment suggests that priming underlies these effects, and that they can occur outside of conscious awareness. These findings underscore the subtle power of situational context to shape important real-world decisions. PMID:18574152

  4. Two kinds of phase transitions in a voting model

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hisakado, M.; Mori, S.

    2012-08-01

    In this paper, we discuss a voting model with two candidates, C0 and C1. We consider two types of voters—herders and independents. The voting of independents is based on their fundamental values, while the voting of herders is based on the number of previous votes. We can identify two kinds of phase transitions. One is an information cascade transition similar to a phase transition seen in the Ising model. The other is a transition of super and normal diffusions. These phase transitions coexist. We compared our results to the conclusions of experiments and identified the phase transitions in the upper limit of the time t by using the analysis of human behavior obtained from experiments.

  5. Architecture of COOPTO Remote Voting Solution

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Silhavy, Radek; Silhavy, Petr; Prokopova, Zdenka

    This contribution focuses on investigation of remote electronic voting system, named COOPTO. Researching of suitability of electronic voting solution is forced by necessity of the improvement election process. The COOPTO is based on topical investigation of voting process and their implementation of using modern information and communication technology. The COOPTO allows voters, who are not in their election district, to participate in the democracy process. The aim of this contribution is to describe results of the development of the COOPTO solutions.

  6. 2008 Post-Election Voting Survey of Department of State Voting Assistance Officers: Statistical Methodology Report

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-08-01

    Mike Wilson, Westat, Inc. developed weights for this survey. Westat performed data collection and editing. DMDC’s Survey Technology Branch, under...STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY REPORT Executive Summary The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act of 1986 (UOCAVA), 42 USC 1973ff, permits members of...citizens covered by UOCAVA, (2) to assess the impact of the FVAP’s efforts to simplify and ease the process of voting absentee , (3) to evaluate other

  7. 7 CFR 1212.102 - Voting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Voting. 1212.102 Section 1212.102 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS..., PROMOTION, CONSUMER EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ORDER Referendum Procedures § 1212.102 Voting. (a...

  8. 28 CFR 51.58 - Representation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965, AS AMENDED Determinations by the Attorney General § 51.58... making determinations with respect to these changes involving voting practices and procedures, the... voting in the jurisdiction is racially polarized and political activities are racially segregated. (4...

  9. Do Doctors Vote?

    PubMed Central

    Asch, David A.; Armstrong, Katrina

    2007-01-01

    BACKGROUND Organizational leaders and scholars have issued calls for the medical profession to refocus its efforts on fulfilling the core tenets of professionalism. A key element of professionalism is participation in community affairs. OBJECTIVE To measure physician voting rates as an indicator of civic participation. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey of a subgroup of physicians from a nationally representative household survey of civilian, noninstitutionalized adult citizens. PARTICIPANTS A total of 350,870 participants in the Current Population Survey (CPS) November Voter Supplement from 1996–2002, including 1,274 physicians and 1,886 lawyers; 414,989 participants in the CPS survey from 1976–1982, including 2,033 health professionals. MEASUREMENTS Multivariate logistic regression models were used to compare adjusted physician voting rates in the 1996–2002 congressional and presidential elections with those of lawyers and the general population and to compare voting rates of health professionals in 1996–2002 with those in 1976–1992. RESULTS After multivariate adjustment for characteristics known to be associated with voting rates, physicians were less likely to vote than the general population in 1998 (odds ratio 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59–0.99), 2000 (odds ratio 0.64; 95% CI 0.44–0.93), and 2002 (odds ratio 0.62; 95% CI 0.48–0.80) but not 1996 (odds ratio 0.83; 95% CI 0.59–1.17). Lawyers voted at higher rates than the general population and doctors in all four elections (P < .001). The pooled adjusted odds ratio for physician voting across the four elections was 0.70 (CI 0.61–0.81). No substantial changes in voting rates for health professionals were observed between 1976–1982 and 1996–2002. CONCLUSIONS Physicians have lower adjusted voting rates than lawyers and the general population, suggesting reduced civic participation. PMID:17443365

  10. Using democracy to award research funding: an observational study.

    PubMed

    Barnett, Adrian G; Clarke, Philip; Vaquette, Cedryck; Graves, Nicholas

    2017-01-01

    Winning funding for health and medical research usually involves a lengthy application process. With success rates under 20%, much of the time spent by 80% of applicants could have been better used on actual research. An alternative funding system that could save time is using democracy to award the most deserving researchers based on votes from the research community. We aimed to pilot how such a system could work and examine some potential biases. We used an online survey with a convenience sample of Australian researchers. Researchers were asked to name the 10 scientists currently working in Australia that they thought most deserved funding for future research. For comparison, we used recent winners from large national fellowship schemes that used traditional peer review. Voting took a median of 5 min (inter-quartile range 3 to 10 min). Extrapolating to a national voting scheme, we estimate 599 working days of voting time (95% CI 490 to 728), compared with 827 working days for the current peer review system for fellowships. The gender ratio in the votes was a more equal 45:55 (female to male) compared with 34:66 in recent fellowship winners, although this could be explained by Simpson's paradox. Voters were biased towards their own institution, with an additional 1.6 votes per ballot (inter-quartile range 0.8 to 2.2) above the expected number. Respondents raised many concerns about the idea of using democracy to fund research, including vote rigging, lobbying and it becoming a popularity contest. This is a preliminary study of using voting that does not investigate many of the concerns about how a voting system would work. We were able to show that voting would take less time than traditional peer review and would spread the workload over many more reviewers. Further studies of alternative funding systems are needed as well as a wide discussion with the research community about potential changes.

  11. Formal design and verification of a reliable computing platform for real-time control. Phase 2: Results

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Butler, Ricky W.; Divito, Ben L.

    1992-01-01

    The design and formal verification of the Reliable Computing Platform (RCP), a fault tolerant computing system for digital flight control applications is presented. The RCP uses N-Multiply Redundant (NMR) style redundancy to mask faults and internal majority voting to flush the effects of transient faults. The system is formally specified and verified using the Ehdm verification system. A major goal of this work is to provide the system with significant capability to withstand the effects of High Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF).

  12. Modeling Elevation Equilibrium and Human Adaptation in the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tasich, C. M.; Gilligan, J. M.; Goodbred, S. L., Jr.; Hale, R. P.; Wilson, C.

    2017-12-01

    The communities living in the low-lying tidal reaches of the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta rely on a system of polders (earthen-embanked landscapes) to prevent against tidal inundation and storm surge. These communities initially thrived as a result of poldering due to the increase in the total arable land, which presently helps sustain a population of 20 million people. However, poldering led to the unintended consequence of reducing water and sediment exchange between the polders and the tidal network, which has resulted in a significant elevation offset of 1-1.5 m relative to that of the natural landscape. This offset causes significant waterlogging which is problematic for rice cultivation. Engineering solutions, such as Tidal River Management (TRM), have been proposed to help alleviate this offset. Previous work suggests with proper implementation of TRM, polder elevations can successfully be reequilibrated to that of the natural elevation on timescales of 5-20 years. However, TRM implementation requires community commitment to allowing controlled tidal inundation. Here, we expand previous numerical simulations of sediment accumulation through field-based constraints of grain size, compaction, and sea level rise. We then model human decision-making for implementation of TRM practices using an agent-based model. Our sediment model employs a mass balance of sediment accumulation as a function of tidal height, suspended sediment concentration, settling velocity, and dry bulk density. We couple this sediment model to an agent-based model of human decision making. We model a hypothetical 500 x 300 m polder community with the lowest elevations in the middle and the highest elevations adjacent to the tidal channels. Landowners assess their risk and profit for future scenarios with and without TRM. All landowner decisions are aggregated and then a community decision is made on whether to implement TRM. Initial findings suggest that basic voting (majority rule) results in significant inequality within a polder community. Landowners closest to the tidal channel vote to close the embankment breach before the interior landowners have fully realized the benefit of TRM. Further analysis will elucidate better strategies for implementing TRM successfully at a community level.

  13. Probabilistic Polling And Voting In The 2008 Presidential Election

    PubMed Central

    Delavande, Adeline; Manski, Charles F.

    2010-01-01

    This article reports new empirical evidence on probabilistic polling, which asks persons to state in percent-chance terms the likelihood that they will vote and for whom. Before the 2008 presidential election, seven waves of probabilistic questions were administered biweekly to participants in the American Life Panel (ALP). Actual voting behavior was reported after the election. We find that responses to the verbal and probabilistic questions are well-aligned ordinally. Moreover, the probabilistic responses predict voting behavior beyond what is possible using verbal responses alone. The probabilistic responses have more predictive power in early August, and the verbal responses have more power in late October. However, throughout the sample period, one can predict voting behavior better using both types of responses than either one alone. Studying the longitudinal pattern of responses, we segment respondents into those who are consistently pro-Obama, consistently anti-Obama, and undecided/vacillators. Membership in the consistently pro- or anti-Obama group is an almost perfect predictor of actual voting behavior, while the undecided/vacillators group has more nuanced voting behavior. We find that treating the ALP as a panel improves predictive power: current and previous polling responses together provide more predictive power than do current responses alone. PMID:24683275

  14. Conditions Influencing Faculty Voting in Collective Bargaining Elections.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bornheimer, Deane G.

    1985-01-01

    The factors that influenced voting behavior in two faculty union defeats at New York University are examined. The importance of the swing votes cast in a run-off election by the members of a previously defeated third party is discussed. (Author/MLW)

  15. 7 CFR 1206.102 - Voting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Voting. 1206.102 Section 1206.102 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... INFORMATION Referendum Procedures. § 1206.102 Voting. (a) Each eligible first handler and eligible importer of...

  16. 28 CFR 55.19 - Written materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROVISIONS OF THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT REGARDING LANGUAGE MINORITY GROUPS Minority Language Materials and Assistance § 55.19 Written... will be lost if a separate minority language ballot or voting machine is used. (d) Voting machines...

  17. 28 CFR 51.58 - Representation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965, AS AMENDED Determinations by the Attorney General § 51.58... making determinations with respect to these changes involving voting practices and procedures, the... process in the jurisdiction. (2) The extent to which voting in the jurisdiction is racially polarized and...

  18. 28 CFR 55.19 - Written materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROVISIONS OF THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT REGARDING LANGUAGE MINORITY GROUPS Minority Language Materials and Assistance § 55.19 Written... will be lost if a separate minority language ballot or voting machine is used. (d) Voting machines...

  19. Voting pattern of mental patients in a community state hospital.

    PubMed

    Klein, M M; Grossman, S A

    1967-06-01

    The voting pattern of mental patients in a community-based state hospital was studied. Patients were polled on the New York City mayoralty race. A comparison to the vote of the general population revealed that the hospital sample vote resembled most closely the election results of the hospital district. The results highlight the advantage of community-centered mental health facilities, which undertake the treatment and rehabilitation of mental patients under conditions that maintain ties with family and community.

  20. The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act: Background and Issues for the 107th Congress

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2002-04-02

    2002 The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act: Background and Issues for the 107th Congress Kevin J. Coleman Analyst in American National... absentee in federal elections under the provisions of the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (UOCAVA) of 1986. The law was enacted to...improve absentee registration and voting for this group of voters and to consolidate existing laws. Since 1942, several federal laws have been enacted to

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