Genetic and Technological Characterisation of Vineyard- and Winery-Associated Lactic Acid Bacteria

PubMed Central

Nisiotou, Aspasia A.; Filippousi, Maria-Evangelia; Fragkoulis, Petros; Tassou, Chryssoula; Banilas, Georgios

2015-01-01

Vineyard- and winery-associated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from two major PDO regions in Greece, Peza and Nemea, were surveyed. LAB were isolated from grapes, fermenting musts, and winery tanks performing spontaneous malolactic fermentations (MLF). Higher population density and species richness were detected in Nemea than in Peza vineyards and on grapes than in fermenting musts. Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus graminis were the most abundant LAB on grapes, while Lactobacillus plantarum dominated in fermenting musts from both regions. No particular structure of Lactobacillus plantarum populations according to the region of origin was observed, and strain distribution seems random. LAB species diversity in winery tanks differed significantly from that in vineyard samples, consisting principally of Oenococcus oeni. Different strains were analysed as per their enological characteristics and the ability to produce biogenic amines (BAs). Winery-associated species showed higher resistance to low pH, ethanol, SO2, and CuSO4 than vineyard-associated isolates. The frequency of BA-producing strains was relatively low but not negligible, considering that certain winery-associated Lactobacillus hilgardii strains were able to produce BAs. Present results show the necessity of controlling the MLF by selected starters in order to avoid BA accumulation in wine. PMID:25866789

Starter cultures as biocontrol strategy to prevent Brettanomyces bruxellensis proliferation in wine.

PubMed

Berbegal, Carmen; Spano, Giuseppe; Fragasso, Mariagiovanna; Grieco, Francesco; Russo, Pasquale; Capozzi, Vittorio

2018-01-01

Brettanomyces bruxellensis is a common and significant wine spoilage microorganism. B. bruxellensis strains generally detain the molecular basis to produce compounds that are detrimental for the organoleptic quality of the wine, including some classes of volatile phenols that derive from the sequential bioconversion of specific hydroxycinnamic acids such as ferulate and p-coumarate. Although B. bruxellensis can be detected at any stage of the winemaking process, it is typically isolated at the end of the alcoholic fermentation (AF), before the staring of the spontaneous malolactic fermentation (MLF) or during barrel aging. For this reason, the endemic diffusion of B. bruxellensis leads to consistent economic losses in the wine industry. Considering the interest in reducing sulfur dioxide use during winemaking, in recent years, biological alternatives, such as the use of tailored selected yeast and bacterial strains inoculated to promote AF and MLF, are actively sought as biocontrol agents to avoid the "Bretta" character in wines. Here, we review the importance of dedicated characterization and selection of starter cultures for AF and MLF in wine, in order to reduce or prevent both growth of B. bruxellensis and its production of volatile phenols in the matrix.

Effect of production phase on bottle-fermented sparkling wine quality.

PubMed

Kemp, Belinda; Alexandre, Hervé; Robillard, Bertrand; Marchal, Richard

2015-01-14

This review analyzes bottle-fermented sparkling wine research at each stage of production by evaluating existing knowledge to identify areas that require future investigation. With the growing importance of enological investigation being focused on the needs of the wine production industry, this review examines current research at each stage of bottle-fermented sparkling wine production. Production phases analyzed in this review include pressing, juice adjustments, malolactic fermentation (MLF), stabilization, clarification, tirage, lees aging, disgorging, and dosage. The aim of this review is to identify enological factors that affect bottle-fermented sparkling wine quality, predominantly aroma, flavor, and foaming quality. Future research topics identified include regional specific varieties, plant-based products from vines, grapes, and yeast that can be used in sparkling wine production, gushing at disgorging, and methods to increase the rate of yeast autolysis. An internationally accepted sensory analysis method specifically designed for sparkling wine is required.

Methionine catabolism and production of volatile sulphur compounds by OEnococcus oeni.

PubMed

Pripis-Nicolau, L; de Revel, G; Bertrand, A; Lonvaud-Funel, A

2004-01-01

During malolactic fermentation (MLF), the secondary metabolisms of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) contribute to the organoleptic modification of wine. To understand the contribution of MLF, we evaluated the capacity of various wine LAB to metabolize methionine. Using gas chromatography (GC) coupled either with mass spectrometry (MS) or a flame photometry detector in sulphur mode (FPD), we studied this metabolism in laboratory media and wine. In laboratory media, several LAB isolated from wine were able to metabolize methionine. They formed methanethiol, dimethyl disulphide, 3-(methylsulphanyl)propan-1-ol and 3-(methylsulphanyl)propionic acid. These are known to have powerful characteristic odours and play a role in the aromatic complexity of wine. In various red wines, after MLF only the 3-(methylsulphanyl)propionic acid concentration increased significantly, as verified with several commercial starter cultures. This compound, which is characterized by chocolate and roasted odours, could contribute to the aromatic complexity produced by MLF. This study shows that LAB isolated from wine, especially OEnococcus oeni strains, the major species in MLF, are able to metabolize methionine to form volatile sulphur compounds. This is the first study to demonstrate the capacity of wine LAB to metabolize methionine.

Growth and Metabolism of Lactic Acid Bacteria during and after Malolactic Fermentation of Wines at Different pH

PubMed Central

Davis, C. R.; Wibowo, D. J.; Lee, T. H.; Fleet, G. H.

1986-01-01

Commercially produced red wines were adjusted to pH 3.0, 3.2, 3.5, 3.7, or 4.0 and examined during and after malolactic fermentation for growth of lactic acid bacteria and changes in the concentrations of carbohydrates, organic acids, amino acids, and acetaldehyde. With one exception, Leuconostoc oenos conducted the malolactic fermentation in all wines and was the only species to occur in wines at pH below 3.5. Malolactic fermentation by L. oenos was accompanied by degradation of malic, citric, and fumaric acids and production of lactic and acetic acids. The concentrations of arginine, histidine, and acetaldehyde also decreased at this stage, but the behavior of hexose and pentose sugars was complicated by other factors. Pediococcus parvulus conducted the malolactic fermentation in one wine containing 72 mg of total sulfur dioxide per liter. Fumaric and citric acids were not degraded during this malolactic fermentation, but hexose sugars were metabolized. P. parvulus and species of Lactobacillus grew after malolactic fermentation in wines with pH adjusted above 3.5. This growth was accompanied by the utilization of wine sugars and production of lactic and acetic acids. PMID:16347015

The relationships between consumer liking, sensory and chemical attributes of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinotage wines elaborated with different Oenococcus oeni starter cultures.

PubMed

Malherbe, Sulette; Menichelli, Elena; du Toit, Maret; Tredoux, Andreas; Muller, Nina; Naes, Tormod; Nieuwoudt, Hélène

2013-08-30

Malolactic fermentation (MLF) mediated by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has been shown to modulate chemical and sensory attributes of wine. This study investigated the relation between consumer liking, chemical and sensory attributes of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinotage wines that were made over two vintages by four different lactic acid Oenococcus oeni starter cultures as well as a control treatment where MLF was prevented. Descriptive analysis showed that the sensory attributes buttery, caramel, vegetative flavour, fruity and nutty aroma differed significantly between the wines. These effects on the wines were not the same for the two vintages tested. Preference mapping results showed that the sensory attributes influenced the average consumer liking. The main chemical and sensory correlations found for MLF-treated wines were related to 2,3-butanedione (diacetyl) with the buttery character and various esters with fruity aromas. Although the direct effect of the bacterial starter cultures on wine sensory attributes is difficult to establish, and subject to variation over vintage, the present work suggests that the contribution of LAB starter cultures to wine sensory attributes can influence consumer liking. Selection of an MLF starter culture can thus potentially be used to develop specific wine styles. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry.

Integrated multienzyme electrochemical biosensors for monitoring malolactic fermentation in wines.

PubMed

Gamella, M; Campuzano, S; Conzuelo, F; Curiel, J A; Muñoz, R; Reviejo, A J; Pingarrón, José M

2010-05-15

Integrated amperometric biosensors for the determination of L-malic and L-lactic acids were developed by coimmobilization of the enzymes L-malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and diaphorase (DP), or L-lactate oxidase (LOX) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), respectively, together with the redox mediator tetrathiafulvalene (TTF), on a 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-modified gold electrode by using a dialysis membrane. The electrochemical oxidation of TTF at +100mV (vs. Ag/AgCl), and the reduction of TTF(+) at -50mV were used for the monitoring of the enzyme reactions involved in L-malic and L-lactic acid determinations, respectively. Experimental variables concerning the biosensors composition and the detection conditions were optimized for each biosensor. Good relative standard deviation values were obtained in both cases for the measurements carried out with the same biosensor, with no need of cleaning or pretreatment of the bioelectrodes surface, and with different biosensors constructed in the same manner. After 7 days of continuous use, the MDH/DP biosensor still exhibited 90% of the original sensitivity, while the LOX/HRP biosensor yielded a 91% of the original response after 5 days. Calibration graphs for L-malic and L-lactic were obtained with linear ranges of 5.2x10(-7) to 2.0x10(-5) and 4.2x10(-7) to 2.0x10(-5)M, respectively. The calculated detection limits were 5.2x10(-7) and 4.2x10(-7)M, respectively. The biosensors exhibited a high selectivity with no significant interferences. They were applied to monitor malolactic fermentation (MLF) induced by inoculation of Lactobacillus plantarum CECT 748(T) into a synthetic wine. Samples collected during MLF were assayed for L-malic and L-lactic acids, and the results obtained with the biosensors exhibited a very good correlation when plotted against those obtained by using commercial enzymatic kits.

Growth and consumption of L-malic acid in wine-like medium by acclimated and non-acclimated cultures of Patagonian Oenococcus oeni strains.

PubMed

Bravo-Ferrada, Bárbara Mercedes; Hollmann, Axel; Brizuela, Natalia; La Hens, Danay Valdés; Tymczyszyn, Elizabeth; Semorile, Liliana

2016-09-01

Five Oenococcus oeni strains, selected from spontaneous malolactic fermentation (MLF) of Patagonic Pinot noir wine, were assessed for their use as MLF starter cultures. After the individual evaluation of tolerance to some stress conditions, usually found in wine (pH, ethanol, SO2, and lysozyme), the behavior of the strains was analyzed in MLO broth with 14 % ethanol and pH 3.5 in order to test for the synergistic effect of high ethanol level and low pH and, finally, in a wine-like medium. Although the five strains were able to grow in MLO broth under low pH and/or high ethanol, they must be acclimated to grow in a wine-like medium. Additionally, glycosidase and tannase activities were evaluated, showing differences among the strains. The potential of the strains to ferment citrate was tested and two of the five strains showed the ability to metabolize this substrate. We did not detect the presence of genes encoding histidine, tyrosine descarboxylase, and putrescine carbamoyltransferase. All the strains tested exhibited good growth capacity and ability to consume L-malic acid in a wine-like medium after cell acclimation, and each of them showed a particular enzyme profile, which might confer different organoleptic properties to the wine.

Malolactic bioconversion using a Oenococcus oeni strain for cider production: effect of yeast extract supplementation.

PubMed

Herrero, Mónica; García, Luis A; Díaz, Mario

2003-12-01

Yeast extract addition to reconstituted apple juice had a positive impact on the development of the malolactic starter culture used to ensure malolactic fermentation in cider, using active but non-proliferating cells. In this work, the reuse of fermentation lees from cider is proposed as an alternative to the use of commercial yeast extract products. Malolactic enzymatic assays, both in whole cells and cell-free extracts, were carried out to determine the best time to harvest cells for use as an inoculum in cider. Cells harvested at the late exponential phase, the physiological stage of growth corresponding to the maximum values of specific malolactic activity, achieved a good rate of malic acid degradation in controlled cider fermentation. Under the laboratory conditions used, malic acid degradation rates in the fermentation media turned out to be near 2.0 and 2.5 times lower, compared with the rates obtained in whole-cell enzymatic assays, as useful data applicable to industrial cider production.

The effect of SO2 on the production of ethanol, acetaldehyde, organic acids, and flavor volatiles during industrial cider fermentation.

PubMed

Herrero, Mónica; García, Luis A; Díaz, Mario

2003-05-21

SO(2) is widely used in cider fermentation but also in other alcoholic beverages such as wine. Although the authorized limit is 200 ppm total SO(2), the International Organizations recommend its total elimination or at least reduction due to health concerns. Addition of SO(2) to apple juice at levels frequently used in industrial cidermaking (100 mg/L) induced significantly higher acetaldehyde production by yeast than that obtained without SO(2). Although the practical implications of acetaldehyde evolution under cidermaking conditions has been overcome by research and few data are available, this compound reached levels in two 2000 L bioreactors that may have prevented the occurrence of simultaneous alcoholic and malolactic fermentation. It was observed that malolactic fermentation had a positive effect promoting reduction of acetaldehyde levels in cider fermented with juice, SO(2)-treated or not. The addition of SO(2) clearly delayed malolactic fermentation comparing to the control, affecting not the onset of the malolactic fermentation but the rate of malic acid degradation. This compound, however, had a stimulatory effect on alcoholic fermentation.

A β-glucosidase from Oenococcus oeni ATCC BAA-1163 with potential for aroma release in wine: Cloning and expression in E. coli

PubMed Central

Michlmayr, Herbert; Schümann, Christina; Wurbs, Phillip; Barreira Braz da Silva, Nuno M.; Rogl, Veronika; Kulbe, Klaus D.; del Hierro, Andrés M.

2011-01-01

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are responsible for olfactory changes in wine during malolactic fermentation (MLF). A side characteristic of MLF is the release of grape derived aroma compounds from their glycosylated precursors by β-glycosidase activities of these bacteria. Apart from Oenococcus oeni, which is regarded as the most promising species for MLF, glycosidic activities have also been observed in wine related members of the genera Lactobacillus and Pediococcus. Nevertheless, information on the involved enzymes including their potential use in winemaking is limited. In this study we report that β-glucosidases with similar protein sequences can be identified in the genomes of Lactobacillus brevis, O. oeni and Leuconostoc mesenteroides. TTG serves as start codon for the glucosidase gene of O. oeni. The β-glucosidase of O. oeni ATCC BAA-1163 was expressed in E. coli and partially characterized. The enzyme displayed characteristics similar to β-glucosidases isolated from L. brevis and L. mesenteroides. A pH optimum between 5.0 and 5.5, and a Km of 0.17 mmol L−1 pNP-β-D-glucopyranoside were determined. A glycosyltransferase activity was observed in the presence of ethanol. The enzyme from O. oeni was capable to hydrolyze glycosides extracted from Muskat wine. This study also contains a report on glycosidase activities of several LAB species including Oenococcus kitaharae. PMID:21243086

Evaluation of Malolactic Bacteria Isolated from Oregon Wines †

PubMed Central

Henick-Kling, T.; Sandine, W. E.; Heatherbell, D. A.

1989-01-01

Oregon is a cool wine-producing region where grapes characteristically contain high concentrations of organic acids. To reduce the natural acidity and increase the microbiological stability and flavor complexity of the wine, malolactic fermentation is encouraged. In this study, strains of Leuconostoc oenos indigenous to Oregon wines were evaluated for their suitability to conduct malolactic fermentation in Oregon wines. Tests determined the malolactic activity of the Oregon isolates in comparison with commercial strains ML-34, PSU-1, MLT-kli, and ens 44-40 under various temperature and pH conditions. Sensitivities to sulfur dioxide, ethanol, and fumaric acid also were determined. Two Oregon strains, Er-1a and Ey-2d, were selected for commercial winemaking tests because they had greater malolactic activity under conditions of low pH (3.0) and low temperature (15 and 8°C), respectively. PMID:16347992

Selection of Streptococcus lactis Mutants Defective in Malolactic Fermentation

PubMed Central

Renault, Pierre P.; Heslot, Henri

1987-01-01

An enrichment medium and a new sensitive medium were developed to detect malolactic variants in different strains of lactic bacteria. Factors such as the concentration of glucose and l-malate, pH level, and the type of indicator dye used are discussed with regard to the kinetics of malic acid conversion to lactic acid. Use of these media allowed a rapid and easier screening of mutagenized streptococcal cells unable to ferment l-malate. A collection of malolactic-negative mutants of Streptococcus lactis induced by UV, nitrosoguanidine, or transposonal mutagenesis were characterized. The results showed that several mutants were apparently defective in the structural gene of malolactic enzyme, whereas others contained mutations which may either inactivate a putative permease or affect a regulatory sequence. PMID:16347282

Simultaneous and successive inoculations of yeasts and lactic acid bacteria on the fermentation of an unsulfited Tannat grape must

PubMed Central

Muñoz, Viviana; Beccaria, Bruno; Abreo, Eduardo

2014-01-01

Interactions between yeasts and lactic acid bacteria are strain specific, and their outcome is expected to change in simultaneous alcoholic - malolactic fermentations from the pattern observed in successive fermentations. One Oenococcus oeni strain Lalvin VP41™ was inoculated with two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains either simultaneously, three days after the yeast inoculation, or when alcoholic fermentation was close to finish. Early bacterial inoculations with each yeast strain allowed for the growth of the bacterial populations, and the length of malolactic fermentation was reduced to six days. Alcoholic fermentation by Lalvin ICV D80® yeast strain left the highest residual sugar, suggesting a negative effect of the bacterial growth and malolactic activity on its performance. In sequential inoculations the bacterial populations did not show actual growth with either yeast strain. In this strategy, both yeast strains finished the alcoholic fermentations, and malolactic fermentations took longer to finish. Lalvin ICV D80® allowed for higher viability and activity of the bacterial strain than Fermicru UY4® under the three inoculation strategies. This was beneficial for the sequential completion of both fermentations, but negatively affected the completion of alcoholic fermentation by Lalvin ICV D80® in the early bacteria additions. Conversely, Fermicru UY4®, which was rather inhibitory towards the bacteria, favored the timely completion of both fermentations simultaneously. As bacteria in early inoculations with low or no SO2 addition can be expected to multiply and interact with fermenting yeasts, not only are the yeast-bacterium strains combination and time point of the inoculation to be considered, but also the amount of bacteria inoculated. PMID:24948914

Identification of pOENI-1 and Related Plasmids in Oenococcus oeni Strains Performing the Malolactic Fermentation in Wine

PubMed Central

Favier, Marion; Bilhère, Eric; Lonvaud-Funel, Aline; Moine, Virginie; Lucas, Patrick M.

2012-01-01

Plasmids in lactic acid bacteria occasionally confer adaptive advantages improving the growth and behaviour of their host cells. They are often associated to starter cultures used in the food industry and could be a signature of their superiority. Oenococcus oeni is the main lactic acid bacteria species encountered in wine. It performs the malolactic fermentation that occurs in most wines after alcoholic fermentation and contributes to their quality and stability. Industrial O. oeni starters may be used to better control malolactic fermentation. Starters are selected empirically by virtue of their fermentation kinetics and capacity to survive in wine. This study was initiated with the aim to determine whether O. oeni contains plasmids of technological interest. Screening of 11 starters and 33 laboratory strains revealed two closely related plasmids, named pOENI-1 (18.3-kb) and pOENI-1v2 (21.9-kb). Sequence analyses indicate that they use the theta mode of replication, carry genes of maintenance and replication and two genes possibly involved in wine adaptation encoding a predicted sulphite exporter (tauE) and a NADH:flavin oxidoreductase of the old yellow enzyme family (oye). Interestingly, pOENI-1 and pOENI-1v2 were detected only in four strains, but this included three industrial starters. PCR screenings also revealed that tauE is present in six of the 11 starters, being probably inserted in the chromosome of some strains. Microvinification assays performed using strains with and without plasmids did not disclose significant differences of survival in wine or fermentation kinetics. However, analyses of 95 wines at different phases of winemaking showed that strains carrying the plasmids or the genes tauE and oye were predominant during spontaneous malolactic fermentation. Taken together, the results revealed a family of related plasmids associated with industrial starters and indigenous strains performing spontaneous malolactic fermentation that possibly contribute to the technological performance of strains in wine. PMID:23139835

Temperature compensation of ultrasonic velocity during the malolactic fermentation process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amer, M. A.; Novoa-Díaz, D.; Chávez, J. A.; Turó, A.; García-Hernández, M. J.; Salazar, J.

2015-12-01

Ultrasonic properties of materials present a strong dependence on temperature and in turn the ultrasonic velocity of propagation in the material under test. It is precisely for this reason that most ultrasonic measurements are often carried out with thermostated samples by using either water tanks or climate chambers. This approach is viable in a laboratory and when the measured or characterized samples are relatively small. However, this procedure is highly improbable to be applied when in situ measurements in industrial environments must be performed. This goes for the case of, for example, ultrasonic velocity measurements in wine while it is performing malolactic fermentation inside a tank of hundreds of thousands of litres. In this paper two different practical approaches to temperature compensation are studied. Then, the two temperature compensation methods are applied to the measured ultrasonic velocity values along a whole malolactic fermentation process. The results of each method are discussed.

Evaluating a preventive biological control agent applied on grapevines against Botrytis cinerea and its influence on winemaking.

PubMed

Escribano-Viana, Rocío; Portu, Javier; Garijo, Patrocinio; Gutiérrez, Ana Rosa; Santamaría, Pilar; López-Alfaro, Isabel; López, Rosa; González-Arenzana, Lucía

2018-02-25

This research was aimed to study the influence on grape and wine quality and on the fermentation processes of the application of a preventive biological treatment against Botrytis cinerea in Tempranillo Rioja grapevines. For this purpose, a biofungicide containing Bacillus subtilis QST713 was applied twice to the vineyard. Results were compared with non-treated samples from the same vineyard and with samples treated with a chemical fungicide composed of fenhexamid. Data showed that general grape quality and spontaneous alcoholic fermentation performance were not influenced by either fungicide application. The chemical fungicide had a considerable influence on the clonal diversity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae species, which led to the alcoholic fermentation. Furthermore, it caused longer malolactic fermentation than with the biological fungicide and in the control. The biofungicide made malolactic fermentation 1 day shorter because the establishment of the commercial lactic acid bacteria used as a starter culture was total. After malolactic fermentation, the wines did not show significant differences in general oenological parameters. Preventive biofungicide treatment against B. cinerea did not negatively influence the quality of grapes and wines and the fermentation processes. Therefore, biological control of B. cinerea with B. subtilis applied on grapevines could be advisable in oenological terms. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

Application of recombinant Pediococcus acidilactici BD16 (fcs⁺/ech⁺) in malolactic fermentation.

PubMed

Kaur, Baljinder; Kumar, Balvir; Kaur, Gaganjot; Chakraborty, Debkumar; Kaur, Kiranjeet

2015-04-01

This study was conducted to enhance flavor characteristics of wine by malolactic fermentation using recombinant Pediococcus acidilactici BD16 (fcs (+)/ech (+)) encoding synthetic genes of feruloyl-CoA synthetase and enoyl-CoA hydratase. After malolactic fermentation, wine phenolics were characterized using LCMS-ESI technique and a significant improvement in the antioxidant activity and flavor characteristics of wine was observed due to increased concentration of cinnamic acid derivatives. This proof of concept study highlights the role of recombinant P. acidilactici BD16 (fcs (+)/ech (+)) in improving flavor as well as aroma of wine due to production of several phenolic derivatives during secondary fermentation. A novel metabolic pathway was predicted from mass spectral analysis data that indicates biotransformation of cinnamic acid and derivatives into apigenin, catechin, coniferyl aldehyde, cyanidin, hydroxybenzoic acids, laricitrin, luteolin, malvidin 3-glucoside, myricetin, naringenin, pelargonin, piceatannol, querecitin, and vanillin that not only increased the overall consumer appreciation but also improved nutritional and probably the therapeutic properties of wines. This is a first evidence-based study where role of recombinant P. acidilactici BD16 (fcs (+)/ech (+)) in the wine secondary fermentation has been elucidated.

Amarone: a modern wine coming from an ancient production technology.

PubMed

Paronetto, Lanfranco; Dellaglio, Franco

2011-01-01

Amarone wine is a renowned dry red wine produced in Valpolicella (Verona, Northern Italy). It is made from local grapes varieties (Corvina, Rondinella, and Molinara) that are slowly dried under natural conditions during the fall into winter. After the postharvest drying, carried out for several weeks in dedicated lofts called fruttaio, the grapes are vinified: crushed, given prefermentative cold maceration, undergo alcoholic fermentation on the skins, malolactic fermentation, and finally maturation. The partially dried grapes are traditionally crushed during the second half of January to February. Because cellar conditions are unfavorable for either alcohol or malolactic fermentation, selected microbial cultures (yeasts and malolactic bacteria) are often necessary to correctly manage fermentation. The progress of both fermentation processes needs constant surveillance. During maturation conducted in vessels or wooden containers (tonneau in durmast oak), clarification and stabilization lead to improvements in quality. Product specifications require that Amarone not be bottled before the wine has been aged for 2years (Anonymous (2010). Disciplinare di produzione dei vini a denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita "Amarone della Valpolicella". Gazzetta Ufficiale della Repubblica Italiana. Serie generale n. 84. April 12). Amarone achieved its DOCG (Controlled and Guaranteed Denomination) status in 2010. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Improvement in sensory characteristics of Campbell Early wine by adding dual starters of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Oenococcus oeni.

PubMed

Yoo, Ki-Seon; Kim, Ji Eun; Seo, Eun-Young; Kim, Yu Jin; Choi, Hwa Young; Yoon, Hyang-Sik; Kim, Myoung-Dong; Han, Nam Soo

2010-07-01

This study was performed to investigate the effects of adding a dual starter on the chemical and sensory characteristics of red wine made of Campbell Early grape. The yeast starter, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) starter, Oenococcus oeni, were used for inoculation in the winemaking process for alcoholic and malolactic fermentation (MLF), respectively. After 200 days incubation, the chemical compositions of yeast/LAB-added wine (YL-wine) were compared with those of no starter-added wine (control) and yeast-added wine (Y-wine). The results show that no significant differences were observed in pH, total sugar, and alcohol content among wine samples, but the malic acid content in YL-wine was significantly reduced and various esters and higher alcohols were synthesized. The sensory test revealed that the addition of dual starters resulted in improved overall acceptability in wine. This study emphasizes the importance of O. oeni in addition to yeast in making Campbell Early wine.

Effects of protectant and rehydration conditions on the survival rate and malolactic fermentation efficiency of freeze-dried Lactobacillus plantarum JH287.

PubMed

Lee, Sae-Byuk; Kim, Dong-Hwan; Park, Heui-Dong

2016-09-01

In this study, Lactobacillus plantarum JH287 was used as a malolactic fermentation starter in Campbell Early wine production. L. plantarum JH287 was first lyophilized, and the malolactic fermentation potential of freeze-dried L. plantarum JH287 was investigated. Different protective media and rehydration conditions were tested to improve the survival rate of freeze-dried L. plantarum JH287. Optimal protective medium contained 10 % sorbitol and 10 % skim milk. The optimal rehydration condition was a 1-h rehydration time conducted in the same protective media, and the combination of these two methods produced a survival rate of 86.37 %. In addition, a 77.71 % survival rate was achieved using freeze-dried samples that were stored at 4 °C for 2 months. Freeze-dried L. plantarum JH287 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fermivin were used to inoculate the Campbell Early grape must to decrease its malic acid content. Using this mixed-fermentation method, wine showed a decrease in malic acid content after 9 days of fermentation. GC-MS analysis detected 15 volatile ester compounds in the wine. A sensory evaluation showed that the taste and aroma of mix-fermented wine were better than those of the control that had not been inoculated with L. plantarum JH287.

Presence of lactic bacteria in the air of a winery during the vinification period.

PubMed

Garijo, P; López, R; Santamaría, P; Ocón, E; Olarte, C; Sanz, S; Gutiérrez, A R

2009-11-30

In this paper we have studied the presence and evolution in the winery air of the lactic bacteria responsible for malolactic fermentation. Sampling took place during the winemaking process (between September 2007 and July 2008) in a winery from the Rioja appellation in Spain. The results obtained indicated that the presence of these microorganisms in the atmosphere was detected when grapes were entering the winery, while malolactic fermentation was taking place, and when liquid containing bacteria was manipulated. The species and clones of the lactic bacteria identified were also related to those present in the vinification tanks at any given stage of the process.

Proteomic analysis of Oenococcus oeni freeze-dried culture to assess the importance of cell acclimation to conduct malolactic fermentation in wine.

PubMed

Cecconi, Daniela; Milli, Alberto; Rinalducci, Sara; Zolla, Lello; Zapparoli, Giacomo

2009-09-01

Cultures of Oenococcus oeni, the most important malolactic bacterium, are used to induce malolactic fermentation in wine. Survival assays in two different wines confirmed that cells acclimated for 24 h in half-strength wine-like medium (acclimation medium) enhanced the malolactic performances. To investigate the effect of the pre-incubation phase on cell physiology, a proteomic study was carried out. Total protein extracts of acclimated and non-acclimated cell cultures (control) were analyzed by 2-D-PAGE. A total of 20 out of approximately 400 spots varied significantly. All the spots were identified by MS analysis and most of them were proteins involved in metabolism, transcription/translation processes and stress response. The results revealed the different physiological status between non-acclimated and acclimated cells explaining, in part, their different behavior in wine. Regulation of stress proteins such as heat and cold shock proteins was involved. Moreover, the availability of sugars and amino acids (even if at low concentration) in acclimation medium determined a modulation of energy metabolism enhancing the resistance to stressful conditions (as those that cells find in wine when inoculated). Finally, this proteomic study increased knowledge concerning the physiological changes in freeze-dried culture occurring with pre-inoculation procedures.

Complementing DIGE proteomics and DNA subarray analyses to shed light on Oenococcus oeni adaptation to ethanol in wine-simulated conditions.

PubMed

Costantini, Antonella; Rantsiou, Kalliopi; Majumder, Avishek; Jacobsen, Susanne; Pessione, Enrica; Svensson, Birte; Garcia-Moruno, Emilia; Cocolin, Luca

2015-06-18

Direct addition of Oenococcus oeni starters into wine can cause viability problems. In the present study, the influence of ethanol in wine-simulated conditions on O. oeni has been evaluated by complementing microarray techniques and DIGE proteomics. Two different ethanol concentrations were studied. In 12% ethanol, pyrimidine anabolism was stimulated, but in 8% ethanol some energy-consuming biosynthetic pathways were limited. The most significant result was the stress response induced by alcohol that concerned both the cell-envelope and specific stress proteins. Interestingly, 8% and 12% ethanol triggered different stress responses: in mild ethanol stress (8%), chaperones with prevalent refolding activity (like HSP20) were over-expressed, whereas at higher alcohol concentration (12%), together with HSP20 and the refolding DNAJ/K, also chaperones having proteolytic activity (like ClpP) were induced. Furthermore the stress response repressor HrcA was downregulated only at 12% ethanol, suggesting that it controls stress pathways, which are different from those active at 8% alcohol. This result confirms that the HrcA system is operative in O. oeni where the CtrS system is prevalent. The use of malolactic starter cultures has become widespread to control the MLF process and to prevent off-flavors. There is significant interest in understanding the molecular mechanisms that O. oeni uses to adapt to harsh wine conditions. The overall results highlight that the alcohol-induced stress response involves not only biosynthesis of stress proteins but also envelope-linked mechanisms. From a practical point of view this research underlines the importance of starters acclimation to induce responses that would allow better adaptation to the wine. As a consequence, a well adapted starter can complete malolactic fermentation and improve the final wine quality. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Distribution of Native Lactic Acid Bacteria in Wineries of Queretaro, Mexico and Their Resistance to Wine-Like Conditions

PubMed Central

Miranda-Castilleja, Dalia E.; Martínez-Peniche, Ramón Álvar; Aldrete-Tapia, J. A.; Soto-Muñoz, Lourdes; Iturriaga, Montserrat H.; Pacheco-Aguilar, J. R.; Arvizu-Medrano, Sofía M.

2016-01-01

Native lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are capable of growing during winemaking, thereby strongly affecting wine quality. The species of LAB present in musts, wines during malolactic fermentation (MLF), and barrels/filters were investigated in wineries from the emerging wine region of Queretaro, México using multiplex PCR and culture. The resistance to wine-like conditions (WLC): ethanol (10, 12, and 13%), SO2 (30 mg⋅l-1), and low pH (3.5) of native LAB strains was also studied. Five species were detected within 61 samples obtained: Oenococcus oeni, Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus parvulus, Lactobacillus hilgardi, and Lactobacillus brevis. Four species (excepting L. brevis) were found in must; O. oeni and P. parvulus were ubiquitous in wine and L. plantarum and L. brevis were mainly present at the initial stage of MLF, while L. hilgardii was mostly detected at the advanced stage. Furthermore, some species detected in barrel/filter, prove them to be hazardous reservoirs. From 822 LAB isolates, only 119 resisted WLC with 10% ethanol; the number of strains able to grow in WLC with 13% ethanol decreased approximately by 50%, O. oeni being the most versatile species with 65% of resistant isolates, while Lactobacillus spp. and P. parvulus were the most strongly affected, especially those recovered from barrel/filter, with less than 10% of resistant isolates. This study evidences the presence of local strains able to be used as starter cultures, and also enabled the assessment of the risks derived from the presence of spoilage LAB strains resistant to WLC. PMID:27877164

Non-anthocyanin polyphenolic transformation by native yeast and bacteria co-inoculation strategy during vinification.

PubMed

Devi, Apramita; Archana, Kodira Muthanna; Bhavya, Panikuttria Kuttappa; Anu-Appaiah, Konerira Aiyappaa

2018-02-01

Co-inoculation has been adapted by many wine-producing countries because it enhances the success of malolactic fermentation and reduces the fermentation cost, as well as time. However, wine phenolics have been sparsely highlighted during co-inoculation, even though polyphenols are an important parameter affecting wine colour, astringency and aroma. In the present study, we investigated the impact of co-inoculation on non-anthocyanin polyphenol profile for two different grape varieties. Co-inoculation of native yeast strain (AAV2) along with Oenococcus oeni was adapted for Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz wine. It was observed that the co-inoculation had minimal yet significant impact on the phenolic composition of wines for both the grape varieties. Color loss, as well as fruity aroma development, was observed in co-inoculated wines. The wines were on a par with the commercial wine, as well as wines without malolactic fermentation, in terms of phenolic compounds and overall organoleptic acceptance. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis further suggested that the varietal influence on phenolic composition was dominating compared to inoculation strategies. Among the varieties, the inoculation strategies have significantly influenced the Cabernet wines compared to Shiraz wines. The results of the present study demonstrate that the phenolic compounds are not drastically affected by metabolic activities of malolactic bacteria during co-inoculation and, hence, are equally suitable for wine fermentation. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Impact of apple cultivar, ripening stage, fermentation type and yeast strain on phenolic composition of apple ciders.

PubMed

Laaksonen, Oskar; Kuldjärv, Rain; Paalme, Toomas; Virkki, Mira; Yang, Baoru

2017-10-15

Hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids in apple juices and ciders were studied using liquid chromatography. Samples were produced from four different Estonian apple cultivars using unripe, ripe and overripe apples, and six different commercial yeasts including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces bayanus, and Torulaspora delbrueckii strains. Part of the samples was additionally inoculated with malolactic bacteria, Oenococcus oeni. The most notable difference among the samples was the appearance of phloretin in malolactic ciders in comparison to conventional ciders and the juices. Furthermore, the apple cultivars were significantly different in their phenolic contents and compositions. Additionally, ciders and juices made from unripe apples contained more phenolic compounds than the ripe or overripe, but the effect was dependent on cultivar. The commercial yeast strains differed in the release of free HCAs, especially p-coumaric acid, during the yeast fermentation. In ciders inoculated with S. bayanus, the content was higher than in ciders fermented with S. cerevisiae. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Ensilage and bioconversion of grape pomace into fuel ethanol.

PubMed

Zheng, Yi; Lee, Christopher; Yu, Chaowei; Cheng, Yu-Shen; Simmons, Christopher W; Zhang, Ruihong; Jenkins, Bryan M; VanderGheynst, Jean S

2012-11-07

Two types of grape pomace were ensiled with eight strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Both fresh grape pomace (FrGP) and fermented grape pomace (FeGP) were preserved through alcoholic fermentation but not malolactic conversion. Water leaching prior to storage was used to reduce water-soluble carbohydrates and ethanol from FrGP and FeGP, respectively, to increase malolactic conversion. Leached FeGP had spoilage after 28 days of ensilage, whereas FrGP was preserved. Dilute acid pretreatment was examined for increasing the conversion of pomace to ethanol via Escherichia coli KO11 fermentation. Dilute acid pretreatment doubled the ethanol yield from FeGP, but it did not improve the ethanol yield from FrGP. The ethanol yields from raw pomace were nearly double the yields from the ensiled pomace. For this reason, the recovery of ethanol produced during winemaking from FeGP and ethanol produced during storage of FrGP is critical for the economical conversion of grape pomace to biofuel.

Monitoring of malolactic fermentation in wine using an electrochemical bienzymatic biosensor for L-lactate with long term stability.

PubMed

Giménez-Gómez, Pablo; Gutiérrez-Capitán, Manuel; Capdevila, Fina; Puig-Pujol, Anna; Fernández-Sánchez, César; Jiménez-Jorquera, Cecilia

2016-01-28

L-lactic acid is monitored during malolactic fermentation process of wine and its evolution is strongly related with the quality of the final product. The analysis of L-lactic acid is carried out off-line in a laboratory. Therefore, there is a clear demand for analytical tools that enabled real-time monitoring of this process in field and biosensors have positioned as a feasible alternative in this regard. The development of an amperometric biosensor for L-lactate determination showing long-term stability is reported in this work. The biosensor architecture includes a thin-film gold electrochemical transducer selectively modified with an enzymatic membrane, based on a three-dimensional matrix of polypyrrole (PPy) entrapping lactate oxidase (LOX) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzymes. The experimental conditions of the biosensor fabrication regarding the pyrrole polymerization and the enzymes entrapment are optimized. The biosensor response to L-lactate is linear in a concentration range of 1 × 10(-6)-1 × 10(-4) M, with a detection limit of 5.2 × 10(-7) M and a sensitivity of - (13500 ± 600) μA M(-1) cm(-2). The biosensor shows an excellent working stability, retaining more than 90% of its original sensitivity after 40 days. This is the determining factor that allowed for the application of this biosensor to monitor the malolactic fermentation of three red wines, showing a good agreement with the standard colorimetric method. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Influence of the dominance of must fermentation by Torulaspora delbrueckii on the malolactic fermentation and organoleptic quality of red table wine.

PubMed

Ramírez, Manuel; Velázquez, Rocío; Maqueda, Matilde; Zamora, Emiliano; López-Piñeiro, Antonio; Hernández, Luis M

2016-12-05

Torulaspora delbrueckii can improve wine aroma complexity, but its impact on wine quality is still far from being satisfactory at the winery level, mainly because it is easily replaced by S. cerevisiae yeasts during must fermentation. New T. delbrueckii killer strains were selected to overcome this problem. These strains killed S. cerevisiae yeasts and dominated fermentation better than T. delbrueckii non-killer strains when they were single-inoculated into crushed red grape must. All the T. delbrueckii wines, but none of the S. cerevisiae wines, underwent malolactic fermentation. Putative lactic acid bacteria were always found in the T. delbrueckii wines, but none or very few in the S. cerevisiae wines. Malic acid degradation was the greatest in the wines inoculated with the killer strains, and these strains reached the greatest dominance ratios and had the slowest fermentation kinetics. The T. delbrueckii wines had dried-fruit/pastry aromas, but low intensities of fresh-fruit aromas. The aroma differences between the T. delbrueckii and the S. cerevisiae wines can be explained by the differences that were found in the amounts of some fruity aroma compounds such as isoamyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate, and some lactones. This T. delbrueckii effect significantly raised the organoleptic quality scores of full-bodied Cabernet-Sauvignon red wines inoculated with the killer strains. In particular, these wines were judged as having excellent aroma complexity, mouth-feel, and sweetness. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Lactic acid bacteria in the quality improvement and depreciation of wine.

PubMed

Lonvaud-Funel, A

1999-01-01

The winemaking process includes two main steps: lactic acid bacteria are responsible for the malolactic fermentation which follows the alcoholic fermentation by yeasts. Both types of microorganisms are present on grapes and on cellar equipment. Yeasts are better adapted to growth in grape must than lactic acid bacteria, so the alcoholic fermentation starts quickly. In must, up to ten lactic acid bacteria species can be identified. They belong to the Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Leuconostoc and Oenococcus genera. Throughout alcoholic fermentation, a natural selection occurs and finally the dominant species is O. oeni, due to interactions between yeasts and bacteria and between bacteria themselves. After bacterial growth, when the population is over 10(6) CFU/ml, malolactic transformation is the obvious change in wine composition. However, many other substrates can be metabolized. Some like remaining sugars and citric acid are always assimilated by lactic acid bacteria, thus providing them with energy and carbon. Other substrates such as some amino acids may be used following pathways restricted to strains carrying the adequate enzymes. Some strains can also produce exopolysaccharides. All these transformations greatly influence the sensory and hygienic quality of wine. Malic acid transformation is encouraged because it induces deacidification. Diacetyl produced from citric acid is also helpful to some extent. Sensory analyses show that many other reactions change the aromas and make malolactic fermentation beneficial, but they are as yet unknown. On the contrary, an excess of acetic acid, the synthesis of glucane, biogenic amines and precursors of ethylcarbamate are undesirable. Fortunately, lactic acid bacteria normally multiply in dry wines; moreover some of these activities are not widespread. Moreover, the most striking trait of wine lactic acid bacteria is their capacity to adapt to a hostile environment. The mechanisms for this are not yet completely elucidated. Molecular biology has provided some explanations for the behaviour and the metabolism of bacteria in wine. New tools are now available to detect the presence of desirable and undesirable strains. Even if much remains unknown, winemakers and oenologists can nowadays better control the process. By acting upon the diverse microflora and grape musts, they are more able to produce healthy and pleasant wines.

Selected Schizosaccharomyces pombe Strains Have Characteristics That Are Beneficial for Winemaking

PubMed Central

Benito, Ángel; Jeffares, Daniel; Palomero, Felipe; Calderón, Fernando; Bai, Feng-Yan; Bähler, Jürg; Benito, Santiago

2016-01-01

At present, wine is generally produced using Saccharomyces yeast followed by Oenococus bacteria to complete malolactic fermentation. This method has some unsolved problems, such as the management of highly acidic musts and the production of potentially toxic products including biogenic amines and ethyl carbamate. Here we explore the potential of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe to solve these problems. We characterise an extensive worldwide collection of S. pombe strains according to classic biochemical parameters of oenological interest. We identify three genetically different S. pombe strains that appear suitable for winemaking. These strains compare favourably to standard Saccharomyces cerevisiae winemaking strains, in that they perform effective malic acid deacidification and significantly reduce levels of biogenic amines and ethyl carbamate precursors without the need for any secondary bacterial malolactic fermentation. These findings indicate that the use of certain S. pombe strains could be advantageous for winemaking in regions where malic acid is problematic, and these strains also show superior performance with respect to food safety. PMID:27007548

Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis of Oenococcus oeni Adaptation to Wine Stress Conditions

PubMed Central

Margalef-Català, Mar; Araque, Isabel; Bordons, Albert; Reguant, Cristina; Bautista-Gallego, Joaquín

2016-01-01

Oenococcus oeni, the main lactic acid bacteria responsible for malolactic fermentation in wine, has to adapt to stressful conditions, such as low pH and high ethanol content. In this study, the changes in the transcriptome and the proteome of O. oeni PSU-1 during the adaptation period before MLF start have been studied. DNA microarrays were used for the transcriptomic analysis and two complementary proteomic techniques, 2-D DIGE and iTRAQ labeling were used to analyze the proteomic response. One of the most influenced functions in PSU-1 due to inoculation into wine-like medium (WLM) was translation, showing the over-expression of certain ribosomal genes and the corresponding proteins. Amino acid metabolism and transport was also altered and several peptidases were up regulated both at gene and protein level. Certain proteins involved in glutamine and glutamate metabolism showed an increased abundance revealing the key role of nitrogen uptake under stressful conditions. A strong transcriptional inhibition of carbohydrate metabolism related genes was observed. On the other hand, the transcriptional up-regulation of malate transport and citrate consumption was indicative of the use of L-malate and citrate associated to stress response and as an alternative energy source to sugar metabolism. Regarding the stress mechanisms, our results support the relevance of the thioredoxin and glutathione systems in the adaptation of O. oeni to wine related stress. Genes and proteins related to cell wall showed also significant changes indicating the relevance of the cell envelop as protective barrier to environmental stress. The differences found between transcriptomic and proteomic data suggested the relevance of post-transcriptional mechanisms and the complexity of the stress response in O. oeni adaptation. Further research should deepen into the metabolisms mostly altered due to wine conditions to elucidate the role of each mechanism in the O. oeni ability to develop MLF. PMID:27746771

Oenococcus oeni in Chilean Red Wines: Technological and Genomic Characterization

PubMed Central

Romero, Jaime; Ilabaca, Carolina; Ruiz, Mauricio; Jara, Carla

2018-01-01

The presence and load of species of LAB at the end of the malolactic fermentation (MLF) were investigated in 16 wineries from the different Chilean valleys (Limarí, Casablanca, Maipo, Rapel, and Maule Valleys) during 2012 and 2013, using PCR-RFLP and qPCR. Oenococcus oeni was observed in 80% of the samples collected. Dominance of O. oeni was reflected in the bacterial load (O. oeni/total bacteria) measured by qPCR, corresponding to >85% in most of the samples. A total of 178 LAB isolates were identified after sequencing molecular markers, 95 of them corresponded to O. oeni. Further genetic analyses were performed using MLST (7 genes) including 10 commercial strains; the results indicated that commercial strains were grouped together, while autochthonous strains distributed among different genetic clusters. To pre-select some autochthonous O. oeni, these isolates were also characterized based on technological tests such as ethanol tolerance (12 and 15%), SO2 resistance (0 and 80 mg l−1), and pH (3.1 and 3.6) and malic acid transformation (1.5 and 4 g l−1). For comparison purposes, commercial strain VP41 was also tested. Based on their technological performance, only 3 isolates were selected for further examination (genome analysis) and they were able to reduce malic acid concentration, to grow at low pH 3.1, 15% ethanol and 80 mg l−1 SO2. The genome analyses of three selected isolates were examined and compared to PSU-1 and VP41 strains to study their potential contribution to the organoleptic properties of the final product. The presence and homology of genes potentially related to aromatic profile were compared among those strains. The results indicated high conservation of malolactic enzyme (>99%) and the absence of some genes related to odor such as phenolic acid decarboxylase, in autochthonous strains. Genomic analysis also revealed that these strains shared 470 genes with VP41 and PSU-1 and that autochthonous strains harbor an interesting number of unique genes (>21). Altogether these results reveal the presence of local strains distinguishable from commercial strains at the genetic/genomic level and also having genomic traits that enforce their potential use as starter cultures. PMID:29491847

Linking wine lactic acid bacteria diversity with wine aroma and flavour.

PubMed

Cappello, Maria Stella; Zapparoli, Giacomo; Logrieco, Antonio; Bartowsky, Eveline J

2017-02-21

In the last two decades knowledge on lactic acid bacteria (LAB) associated with wine has increased considerably. Investigations on genetic and biochemistry of species involved in malolactic fermentation, such as Oenococcus oeni and of Lactobacillus have enabled a better understand of their role in aroma modification and microbial stability of wine. In particular, the use of molecular techniques has provided evidence on the high diversity at species and strain level, thus improving the knowledge on wine LAB taxonomy and ecology. These tools demonstrated to also be useful to detect strains with potential desirable or undesirable traits for winemaking purposes. At the same time, advances on the enzymatic properties of wine LAB responsible for the development of wine aroma molecules have been undertaken. Interestingly, it has highlighted the high intraspecific variability of enzymatic activities such as glucosidase, esterase, proteases and those related to citrate metabolism within the wine LAB species. This genetic and biochemistry diversity that characterizes wine LAB populations can generate a wide spectrum of wine sensory outcomes. This review examines some of these interesting aspects as a way to elucidate the link between LAB diversity with wine aroma and flavour. In particular, the correlation between inter- and intra-species diversity and bacterial metabolic traits that affect the organoleptic properties of wines is highlighted with emphasis on the importance of enzymatic potential of bacteria for the selection of starter cultures to control MLF and to enhance wine aroma. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Continuous cider fermentation with co-immobilized yeast and Leuconostoc oenos cells.

PubMed

Nedovic; Durieuxb; Van Nedervelde L; Rosseels; Vandegans; Plaisant; Simon

2000-06-01

Ca-alginate matrix was used to co-immobilize Saccharomyces bayanus and Leuconostoc oenos in one integrated biocatalytic system in order to perform simultaneously alcoholic and malo-lactic fermentation of apple juice to produce cider, in a continuous packed bed bioreactor. The continuous process permitted much faster fermentation compared with the traditional batch process. The flavor formation was also better controlled. By adjusting the flow rate of feeding substrate through the bioreactor, i.e. its residence time, it was possible to obtain either "soft" or "dry" cider. However, the profile of volatile compounds in the final product was modified comparatively to the batch process, especially for higher alcohols, isoamylacetate, and diacetyl. This modification is due to different physiology states of yeast in two processes. Nevertheless, the taste of cider was quite acceptable.

Microorganisms in Fermented Apple Beverages: Current Knowledge and Future Directions

PubMed Central

Le Guellec, Rozenn; Schlusselhuber, Margot; Laplace, Jean-Marie; Cretenet, Marina

2017-01-01

Production of fermented apple beverages is spread all around the world with specificities in each country. ‘French ciders’ refer to fermented apple juice mainly produced in the northwest of France and often associated with short periods of consumption. Research articles on this kind of product are scarce compared to wine, especially on phenomena associated with microbial activities. The wine fermentation microbiome and its dynamics, organoleptic improvement for healthy and pleasant products and development of starters are now widely studied. Even if both beverages seem close in terms of microbiome and process (with both alcoholic and malolactic fermentations), the inherent properties of the raw materials and different production and environmental parameters make research on the specificities of apple fermentation beverages worthwhile. This review summarizes current knowledge on the cider microbial ecosystem, associated activities and the influence of process parameters. In addition, available data on cider quality and safety is reviewed. Finally, we focus on the future role of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts in the development of even better or new beverages made from apples. PMID:28757560

Microorganisms in Fermented Apple Beverages: Current Knowledge and Future Directions.

PubMed

Cousin, Fabien J; Le Guellec, Rozenn; Schlusselhuber, Margot; Dalmasso, Marion; Laplace, Jean-Marie; Cretenet, Marina

2017-07-25

Production of fermented apple beverages is spread all around the world with specificities in each country. 'French ciders' refer to fermented apple juice mainly produced in the northwest of France and often associated with short periods of consumption. Research articles on this kind of product are scarce compared to wine, especially on phenomena associated with microbial activities. The wine fermentation microbiome and its dynamics, organoleptic improvement for healthy and pleasant products and development of starters are now widely studied. Even if both beverages seem close in terms of microbiome and process (with both alcoholic and malolactic fermentations), the inherent properties of the raw materials and different production and environmental parameters make research on the specificities of apple fermentation beverages worthwhile. This review summarizes current knowledge on the cider microbial ecosystem, associated activities and the influence of process parameters. In addition, available data on cider quality and safety is reviewed. Finally, we focus on the future role of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts in the development of even better or new beverages made from apples.

Immobilization of Microbial Cells for Alcoholic and Malolactic Fermentation of Wine and Cider

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kourkoutas, Yiannis; Manojlović, Verica; Nedović, Viktor A.

Wine- or cider-making is highly associated with biotechnology owing to the traditional nature of must fermentation.. Nowadays, there have been considerable developments in wine- or cider-making techniques affecting all phases of wine or cider production, but more importantly, the fermentation process. It is well-known that the transformation of grape must by microbial activity results in the production of wine, and the fermentation of apples (or sometimes pears) in the production of cider. In this process, a variety of compounds affecting the organoleptic profile of wine or cider are synthesized. It is also common sense that in wine- or cider-making, the main objective is to achieve an adequate quality of the product. The technological progress and the improved quality of the wines or ciders have been associated with the control of technical parameters. Herein, cell immobilization offers numerous advantages, such as enhanced fermentation productivity, ability for cell recycling, application of continuous configurations, enhanced cell stability and viability, and improvement of quality (Margaritis and Merchant 1984; Stewart and Russel 1986; Kourkoutas et al. 2004a).

Chemical consequences of three commercial strains of Oenococcus oeni co-inoculated with Torulaspora delbrueckii in durian wine fermentation.

PubMed

Lu, Yuyun; Chua, Jian-Yong; Huang, Dejian; Lee, Pin-Rou; Liu, Shao-Quan

2017-01-15

This work evaluated for the first time the chemical consequences of three commercial strains of Oenococcus oeni co-inoculated with Torulaspora delbrueckii in durian wine fermentation. Compared with the control (yeast only, 5.70% v/v ethanol produced), samples co-inoculated with T. delbrueckii and O. oeni PN4 improved ethanol production (6.06% v/v), which was significantly higher than samples co-inoculated with Viniflora (4.78% v/v) or Enoferm Beta (5.01% v/v). Wines co-fermented with the respective latter two oenococci contained excessive levels of ethyl acetate (>80mg/L) that were likely to affect negatively wine aroma. In addition, they led to significantly higher acetic and lactic acid production relative to PN4. O. oeni PN4 seemed to be the most suitable strain to co-inoculate with T. delbrueckii for simultaneous alcoholic and malolactic fermentation in durian wine by contributing moderately increased concentrations of higher alcohols, acetate esters and ethyl esters that would have positive sensory impacts. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Culture-independent analysis of lactic acid bacteria diversity associated with mezcal fermentation.

PubMed

Narváez-Zapata, J A; Rojas-Herrera, R A; Rodríguez-Luna, I C; Larralde-Corona, C P

2010-11-01

Mezcal is an alcoholic beverage obtained from the distillation of fermented juices of cooked Agave spp. plant stalks (agave must), and each region in Mexico with denomination of origin uses defined Agave species to prepare mezcal with unique organoleptic characteristics. During fermentation to produce mezcal in the state of Tamaulipas, not only alcohol-producing yeasts are involved, but also a lactic acid bacterial community that has not been characterized yet. In order to address this lack of knowledge on this traditional Mexican beverage, we performed a DGGE-16S rRNA analysis of the lactic acid bacterial diversity and metabolite accumulation during the fermentation of a typical agave must that is rustically produced in San Carlos County (Tamaulipas, Mexico). The analysis of metabolite production indicated a short but important malolactic fermentation stage not previously described for mezcal. The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of the 16S rRNA genes showed a distinctive lactic acid bacterial community composed mainly of Pediococcus parvulus, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus composti, Lactobacillus parabuchneri, and Lactobacillus plantarum. Some atypical genera such as Weissella and Bacillus were also found in the residual must. Our results suggest that the lactic acid bacteria could strongly be implicated in the organoleptic attributes of this traditional Mexican distilled beverage.

Biogeography of Oenococcus oeni Reveals Distinctive but Nonspecific Populations in Wine-Producing Regions

PubMed Central

El Khoury, Mariette; Campbell-Sills, Hugo; Salin, Franck; Guichoux, Erwan; Claisse, Olivier

2016-01-01

ABSTRACT Understanding the mechanisms behind the typicity of regional wines inevitably brings attention to microorganisms associated with their production. Oenococcus oeni is the main bacterial species involved in wine and cider making. It develops after the yeast-driven alcoholic fermentation and performs the malolactic fermentation, which improves the taste and aromatic complexity of most wines. Here, we have evaluated the diversity and specificity of O. oeni strains in six regions. A total of 235 wines and ciders were collected during spontaneous malolactic fermentations and used to isolate 3,212 bacterial colonies. They were typed by multilocus variable analysis, which disclosed a total of 514 O. oeni strains. Their phylogenetic relationships were evaluated by a second typing method based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. Taken together, the results indicate that each region holds a high diversity of strains that constitute a unique population. However, strains present in each region belong to diverse phylogenetic groups, and the same groups can be detected in different regions, indicating that strains are not genetically adapted to regions. In contrast, greater strain identity was seen for cider, white wine, or red wine of Burgundy, suggesting that genetic adaptation to these products occurred. IMPORTANCE This study reports the isolation, genotyping, and geographic distribution analysis of the largest collection of O. oeni strains performed to date. It reveals that there is very high diversity of strains in each region, the majority of them being detected in a single region. The study also reports the development of an SNP genotyping method that is useful for analyzing the distribution of O. oeni phylogroups. The results show that strains are not genetically adapted to regions but to specific types of wines. They reveal new phylogroups of strains, particularly two phylogroups associated with white wines and red wines of Burgundy. Taken together, the results shed light on the diversity and specificity of wild strains of O. oeni, which is crucial for understanding their real contribution to the unique properties of wines. PMID:27864168

Biogeography of Oenococcus oeni Reveals Distinctive but Nonspecific Populations in Wine-Producing Regions.

PubMed

El Khoury, Mariette; Campbell-Sills, Hugo; Salin, Franck; Guichoux, Erwan; Claisse, Olivier; Lucas, Patrick M

2017-02-01

Understanding the mechanisms behind the typicity of regional wines inevitably brings attention to microorganisms associated with their production. Oenococcus oeni is the main bacterial species involved in wine and cider making. It develops after the yeast-driven alcoholic fermentation and performs the malolactic fermentation, which improves the taste and aromatic complexity of most wines. Here, we have evaluated the diversity and specificity of O. oeni strains in six regions. A total of 235 wines and ciders were collected during spontaneous malolactic fermentations and used to isolate 3,212 bacterial colonies. They were typed by multilocus variable analysis, which disclosed a total of 514 O. oeni strains. Their phylogenetic relationships were evaluated by a second typing method based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. Taken together, the results indicate that each region holds a high diversity of strains that constitute a unique population. However, strains present in each region belong to diverse phylogenetic groups, and the same groups can be detected in different regions, indicating that strains are not genetically adapted to regions. In contrast, greater strain identity was seen for cider, white wine, or red wine of Burgundy, suggesting that genetic adaptation to these products occurred. This study reports the isolation, genotyping, and geographic distribution analysis of the largest collection of O. oeni strains performed to date. It reveals that there is very high diversity of strains in each region, the majority of them being detected in a single region. The study also reports the development of an SNP genotyping method that is useful for analyzing the distribution of O. oeni phylogroups. The results show that strains are not genetically adapted to regions but to specific types of wines. They reveal new phylogroups of strains, particularly two phylogroups associated with white wines and red wines of Burgundy. Taken together, the results shed light on the diversity and specificity of wild strains of O. oeni, which is crucial for understanding their real contribution to the unique properties of wines. Copyright © 2017 American Society for Microbiology.

Microbial Resources and Enological Significance: Opportunities and Benefits

PubMed Central

Petruzzi, Leonardo; Capozzi, Vittorio; Berbegal, Carmen; Corbo, Maria R.; Bevilacqua, Antonio; Spano, Giuseppe; Sinigaglia, Milena

2017-01-01

Among the innovative trends in the wine sector, the continuous exploration of enological properties associated with wine microbial resources represents a cornerstone driver of quality improvement. Since the advent of starter cultures technology, the attention has been focused on intraspecific biodiversity within the primary species responsible for alcoholic fermentation (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and, subsequently, for the so-called ‘malolactic fermentation’ (Oenococcus oeni). However, in the last decade, a relevant number of studies proposed the enological exploitation of an increasing number of species (e.g., non-Saccharomyces yeasts) associated with spontaneous fermentation in wine. These new species/strains may provide technological solutions to specific problems and/or improve sensory characteristics, such as complexity, mouth-feel and flavors. This review offers an overview of the available information on the enological/protechnological significance of microbial resources associated with winemaking, summarizing the opportunities and the benefits associated with the enological exploitation of this microbial potential. We discuss proposed solutions to improve quality and safety of wines (e.g., alternative starter cultures, multistrains starter cultures) and future perspectives. PMID:28642742

The impacts of temperature, alcoholic degree and amino acids content on biogenic amines and their precursor amino acids content in red wine.

PubMed

Lorenzo, C; Bordiga, M; Pérez-Álvarez, E P; Travaglia, F; Arlorio, M; Salinas, M R; Coïsson, J D; Garde-Cerdán, T

2017-09-01

The aim was to study how factors such as temperature, alcoholic degree, and amino acids supplementation are able to influence the content of tyramine, histamine, 2-phenylethylamine, tryptamine and their precursor amino acids in winemaking process. Biogenic amines and amino acids were quantified at the beginning, middle and end of alcoholic fermentation, and at the end of malolactic fermentation. In general, samples produced with amino acid supplementation did not show the highest concentrations of biogenic amines, except for histamine, which content increased with the addition of the four amino acids. The synthesis of tyramine was mainly affected by the temperature and alcoholic degree, the formation of phenylethylamine was largely influenced by alcoholic degree, and tryptamine synthesis principally depended on temperature. Interestingly, there was interaction between these three factors for the biogenic amines studied. In conclusion, winemaking conditions should be established depending on the biogenic amine which synthesis is required to be controlled. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Factors influencing the formation of histaminol, hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, and tryptophol in wine: Temperature, alcoholic degree, and amino acids concentration.

PubMed

Bordiga, M; Lorenzo, C; Pardo, F; Salinas, M R; Travaglia, F; Arlorio, M; Coïsson, J D; Garde-Cerdán, T

2016-04-15

The validation of a HPLC-PDA-MS/MS chromatographic method for the quali/quantitative characterization of histaminol, hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, and tryptophol in wine has been described and discussed. Four standards showed a good linearity with high correlation coefficient values (over 0.9989) and LOD and LOQ were 0.001-0.015 mg/L and 0.004-0.045 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, this study reported how factors such as temperature, alcoholic degree, and amino acids concentration are able to influence the formation of these four alcohols in Monastrell wines. The quantification values of these alcohols has been detected both at the half and end of alcoholic fermentation, and at the end of malolactic fermentation. In relation to interactions between factors, several significant variations emerged (p ⩽ 0.001). The impact of amino acids supplementation in Monastrell must it has been demonstrated, mainly in regards to histaminol and tryptophol. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Bacteriocinogenic Potential of Enterococcus faecium Isolated from Wine.

PubMed

Dündar, Halil

2016-09-01

A total of 145 lactic acid bacteria isolated from a variety of Turkish red wines during malolactic fermentation were screened to find bacteriocin-producing strains. Among them, 14 isolates of Enterococcus faecium were identified to produce bacteriocins. PCR screening revealed that some isolates harbored entA and entB genes while some harbored entA, entB and entP genes. An isolate designated as Ent. faecium H46 was selected to characterize its bacteriocins. The bacteriocins were purified to homogeneity from culture supernatant by Amberlite XAD-16, cation-exchange and reverse-phase chromatography. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis identified the bacteriocins as enterocin A and enterocin B. The presence of Ent. faecium is noteworthy since it is not associated with wine fermentation. However, it has been reported as an important wine spoilage organism due to its potential to produce tyramine. Although species of Enterococcus is not known as wine bacteria, contamination by Ent. faecium may arise from grapes or wineries equipments used for wine production.

The occurrence of fungi, yeasts and bacteria in the air of a Spanish winery during vintage.

PubMed

Garijo, Patrocinio; Santamaría, Pilar; López, Rosa; Sanz, Susana; Olarte, Carmen; Gutiérrez, Ana Rosa

2008-07-15

This research studies the presence of microorganisms of enological interest (yeasts, bacteria and molds) and their evolution in the air of a wine cellar. The samples were taken throughout the winemaking campaign (September-December) in a winery of the D.O.Ca. Rioja, Spain. They were collected using an airIDEAL atmosphere sampler from Biomerieux. For the isolation, specific selective media were used for each group of microorganisms. The results obtained indicate that the presence in the winery air of the various different microorganisms studied is directly related to the winemaking processes that are taking place in the winery. Thus, the number of molds present decreases once grapes have ceased to be brought into the winery. The maximum number of yeasts in the air is found when all the vats in the cellar are fermenting, while the lactic bacteria are not detected until the first malolactic fermentation begins. The species of yeasts and molds identified are also related to the winemaking processes. The coincidence of strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae among those present in the vats during alcoholic fermentation and those isolated from the air, confirms the role of the latter as a transmitter of microorganisms.

Hypotheses on the effects of enological tannins and total red wine phenolic compounds on Oenococcus oeni.

PubMed

Chasseriaud, Laura; Krieger-Weber, Sibylle; Déléris-Bou, Magali; Sieczkowski, Nathalie; Jourdes, Michael; Teissedre, Pierre Louis; Claisse, Olivier; Lonvaud-Funel, Aline

2015-12-01

Lot of articles report on the impact of polyphenols on wine lactic acid bacteria, but it is clear that the results still remain confusing, because the system is complicated both in term of chemical composition and of diversity of strains. In addition, red wines polyphenols are multiple, complex and reactive molecules. Moreover, the final composition of wine varies according to grape variety and to extraction during winemaking. Therefore it is nearly impossible to deduce their effects on bacteria from experiments in oversimplified conditions. In the present work, effect of tannins preparations, currently considered as possible technological adjuvants, was assessed on growth and malolactic fermentation for two malolactic starters. Experiments were conducted in a laboratory medium and in a white wine. Likewise, impact of total polyphenolic extracts obtained from different grape variety red wines was evaluated in the white wine as culture medium. As expected growth and activity of both strains were affected whatever the additions. Results suggest some interpretations to the observed impacts on bacterial populations. Influence of tannins should be, at least partly, due to redox potential change. Results on wine extracts show the need for investigating the bacterial metabolism of some galloylated molecules. Indeed, they should play on bacterial physiology and probably affect the sensory qualities of wines. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Use of Torulaspora delbrueckii Co-fermentation With Two Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains With Different Aromatic Characteristic to Improve the Diversity of Red Wine Aroma Profile

PubMed Central

Zhang, Bo-Qin; Luan, Yu; Duan, Chang-Qing; Yan, Guo-Liang

2018-01-01

The use of selected Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces strains as mixed starters has advantages over pure fermentation due to achieving wine products with distinctive and diversified aroma expected by consumers. To obtain a way to improve the aroma diversity and increase the differentiation of wine product, in this study, the aromatic effect of multi-culture of indigenous Torulaspora delbrueckii (TD12), simultaneous and sequential inoculation with two Saccharomyces strains (indigenous icewine yeast SC45 and commercial yeast BDX) with different enological characteristics were investigated in laboratory-scale 20 L fermenter, respectively. The results showed that T. delbrueckii co-fermented with different S. cerevisiae strain could generate diversified physicochemical and aromatic quality of wine as evidenced by PCA. Mixed fermentation of SC45/TD12 produced higher contents of higher alcohol (3-methyl-1-pentanol and phenylethyl alcohol), ethyl esters (ethyl decanoate and ethyl butanoate), terpenes and phenylacetaldehyde with less fatty acids (hexanoic acid, octanoic acid) and acetic acid, while BDX/TD12 generated more C6 alcohol (1-hexanol) and acetate esters (ethyl acetate and isoamyl acetate). Compared to simultaneous inoculation, sequential inoculation could achieve higher aroma diversity, and generate higher intensity of fruity, flowery and sweet attributes of wine as assessed by calculating the odor activity values. The different S. cerevisiae strain and inoculation method in alcoholic fermentation could further influence the formations of aromatic compounds in malolactic fermentation. Our results highlighted the importance of S. cerevisiae strain in shaping the aromatic quality of wine in mixed fermentation, and also suggested that using different S. cerevisiae strains with distinct aromatic characteristics co-fermentation with specific non-Saccharomyces strain is a potential way to increase the aromatic diversity and quality of wine product, which could provide an alternative way to meet the requirement of wine consumers for diversified aromatic quality. PMID:29674999

Consensus pan-genome assembly of the specialised wine bacterium Oenococcus oeni.

PubMed

Sternes, Peter R; Borneman, Anthony R

2016-04-27

Oenococcus oeni is a lactic acid bacterium that is specialised for growth in the ecological niche of wine, where it is noted for its ability to perform the secondary, malolactic fermentation that is often required for many types of wine. Expanding the understanding of strain-dependent genetic variations in its small and streamlined genome is important for realising its full potential in industrial fermentation processes. Whole genome comparison was performed on 191 strains of O. oeni; from this rich source of genomic information consensus pan-genome assemblies of the invariant (core) and variable (flexible) regions of this organism were established. Genetic variation in amino acid biosynthesis and sugar transport and utilisation was found to be common between strains. Furthermore, we characterised previously-unreported intra-specific genetic variations in the natural competence of this microbe. By assembling a consensus pan-genome from a large number of strains, this study provides a tool for researchers to readily compare protein-coding genes across strains and infer functional relationships between genes in conserved syntenic regions. This establishes a foundation for further genetic, and thus phenotypic, research of this industrially-important species.

Metagenomic sequencing reveals the relationship between microbiota composition and quality of Chinese Rice Wine

PubMed Central

Hong, Xutao; Chen, Jing; Liu, Lin; Wu, Huan; Tan, Haiqin; Xie, Guangfa; Xu, Qian; Zou, Huijun; Yu, Wenjing; Wang, Lan; Qin, Nan

2016-01-01

Chinese Rice Wine (CRW) is a common alcoholic beverage in China. To investigate the influence of microbial composition on the quality of CRW, high throughput sequencing was performed for 110 wine samples on bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal Internal Transcribed Spacer II (ITS2). Bioinformatic analyses demonstrated that the quality of yeast starter and final wine correlated with microbial taxonomic composition, which was exemplified by our finding that wine spoilage resulted from a high proportion of genus Lactobacillus. Subsequently, based on Lactobacillus abundance of an early stage, a model was constructed to predict final wine quality. In addition, three batches of 20 representative wine samples selected from a pool of 110 samples were further analyzed in metagenomics. The results revealed that wine spoilage was due to rapid growth of Lactobacillus brevis at the early stage of fermentation. Gene functional analysis indicated the importance of some pathways such as synthesis of biotin, malolactic fermentation and production of short-chain fatty acid. These results led to a conclusion that metabolisms of microbes influence the wine quality. Thus, nurturing of beneficial microbes and inhibition of undesired ones are both important for the mechanized brewery. PMID:27241862

Metagenomic sequencing reveals the relationship between microbiota composition and quality of Chinese Rice Wine.

PubMed

Hong, Xutao; Chen, Jing; Liu, Lin; Wu, Huan; Tan, Haiqin; Xie, Guangfa; Xu, Qian; Zou, Huijun; Yu, Wenjing; Wang, Lan; Qin, Nan

2016-05-31

Chinese Rice Wine (CRW) is a common alcoholic beverage in China. To investigate the influence of microbial composition on the quality of CRW, high throughput sequencing was performed for 110 wine samples on bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal Internal Transcribed Spacer II (ITS2). Bioinformatic analyses demonstrated that the quality of yeast starter and final wine correlated with microbial taxonomic composition, which was exemplified by our finding that wine spoilage resulted from a high proportion of genus Lactobacillus. Subsequently, based on Lactobacillus abundance of an early stage, a model was constructed to predict final wine quality. In addition, three batches of 20 representative wine samples selected from a pool of 110 samples were further analyzed in metagenomics. The results revealed that wine spoilage was due to rapid growth of Lactobacillus brevis at the early stage of fermentation. Gene functional analysis indicated the importance of some pathways such as synthesis of biotin, malolactic fermentation and production of short-chain fatty acid. These results led to a conclusion that metabolisms of microbes influence the wine quality. Thus, nurturing of beneficial microbes and inhibition of undesired ones are both important for the mechanized brewery.

Effect of the prefermentative addition of five enological tannins on anthocyanins and color in red wines.

PubMed

Liu, Yan-Xia; Liang, Na-Na; Wang, Jun; Pan, Qiu-Hong; Duan, Chang-Qing

2013-01-01

The effects of prefermentation addition of 5 exogenous tannins with different-origin anthocyanins and color characteristics were investigated in "Cabernet Sauvignon wines" at the end of alcoholic fermentation and the end of malolactic fermentation, and after 6 mo and 9 mo of bottle aging, respectively. The results showed that the application of GSKT2 could significantly retard the degradation of most anthocyanins in the process of alcoholic fermentation and the decrease of some pyranoanthocyanins during the subsequent 3 stages, thus causing more yellowness of wine in comparison with the control. Three other condensed tannins, GSKT1, QUET, and GSET, had a positive impact only on several anthocyanin components. Four condensed tannins all contributed to more redness, suggesting that the action mechanism might be to protect wine against oxidation or contribute to form copigmented anthocyanidins, or polymeric pigments. The application of FOLT (hydrolysable tannin) did not produce any influence on wine redness even after 9 mo of bottle aging. This work provides some reasons for the reasonable application of tannin additives. The prefermentative application of condensed tannins overall could protect some pigment components from degradation and enhance wine redness. Tannin additives with different origins have different effectiveness. The tannin additive obtained from grape skins, like GSKT2, could produce significant promotion on both redness and yellowness in wine. The prefermentation addition of hydroxylase tannin like FOLT seems not to have a significant effect on wine color. © 2012 Institute of Food Technologists®

Immobilized lysozyme for the continuous lysis of lactic bacteria in wine: Bench-scale fluidized-bed reactor study.

PubMed

Cappannella, Elena; Benucci, Ilaria; Lombardelli, Claudio; Liburdi, Katia; Bavaro, Teodora; Esti, Marco

2016-11-01

Lysozyme from hen egg white (HEWL) was covalently immobilized on spherical supports based on microbial chitosan in order to develop a system for the continuous, efficient and food-grade enzymatic lysis of lactic bacteria (Oenococcus oeni) in white and red wine. The objective is to limit the sulfur dioxide dosage required to control malolactic fermentation, via a cell concentration typical during this process. The immobilization procedure was optimized in batch mode, evaluating the enzyme loading, the specific activity, and the kinetic parameters in model wine. Subsequently, a bench-scale fluidized-bed reactor was developed, applying the optimized process conditions. HEWL appeared more effective in the immobilized form than in the free one, when the reactor was applied in real white and red wine. This preliminary study suggests that covalent immobilization renders the enzyme less sensitive to the inhibitory effect of wine flavans. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Release of wine monoterpenes from natural precursors by glycosidases from Oenococcus oeni

PubMed Central

Michlmayr, Herbert; Nauer, Stefan; Brandes, Walter; Schümann, Christina; Kulbe, Klaus D.; del Hierro, Andrés M.; Eder, Reinhard

2012-01-01

It is now well established that wine-related lactic acid bacteria (LAB), especially Oenococcus oeni, possess glycosidase activities that positively contribute to wine aroma through the hydrolysis of grape-derived aroma precursors. In our recent studies, we have identified and characterised several LAB glycosidases with potential in these terms. Here, we report that both a glucosidase and an arabinosidase from O. oeni can release high amounts of monoterpenes from natural substrates under optimal conditions, indicating that these intracellular enzymes might play a significant role in the hydrolysis of aroma precursors during malolactic fermentation. The enzymes from O. oeni exhibited broad substrate specificities (release of both primary/tertiary terpene alcohols) and were even active in grape juice. Further, a sensory panel clearly preferred enzyme-treated Riesling wines over the controls and affirmed that the glycosidases from O. oeni could improve the typical Riesling aroma.

The Use of a Selenium-Peptide to Specifically Inactivate Yersinia pestis

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-10-01

Control 2 (F1 Antibody+Anti-F1 Antibody) 2ug/ mlF1 Ab+1011 Phage+Anti-F1 Ab 1ug/ mlF1 Ab+1011 Phage+Anti-F1 Antibody .5ug/ mlF1 Ab+1011 Phage+Anti-F1 Ab...25ug/ mlF1 Ab+1011 Phage+Anti-F1 Ab .125ug/ mlF1 Ab+1011 Phage+Anti-F1 Ab .0625ug/ mlF1 Ab+1011 Phage+Anti-F1 Ab .03125ug/ mlF1 Ab+1011 Phage+Anti-F1 Ab...0156ug/ mlF1 Ab+1011 Phage+Anti-F1 Ab .0078ug/ mlF1 Ab+1011 Phage+Anti-F1 Ab .0039ug/ mlF1 Ab+1011 Phage+Anti-F1 Ab .00195ug/ mlF1 Ab+1011 Phage+Anti-F1 Ab

Effects of new Torulaspora delbrueckii killer yeasts on the must fermentation kinetics and aroma compounds of white table wine

PubMed Central

Velázquez, Rocío; Zamora, Emiliano; Álvarez, María L.; Hernández, Luis M.; Ramírez, Manuel

2015-01-01

Torulaspora delbrueckii is becoming widely recommended for improving some specific characteristics of wines. However, its impact on wine quality is still far from satisfactory at the winery level, mostly because it is easily replaced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae-like yeasts during must fermentation. New T. delbrueckii killer strains were here isolated and selected for winemaking. They killed S. cerevisiae yeasts and were able to dominate and complete the fermentation of sterile grape must. Sequential yeast inoculation of non-sterile white must with T. delbrueckii followed by S. cerevisiae did not ensure T. delbrueckii dominance or wine quality improvement. Only a single initial must inoculation at high cell concentrations allowed the T. delbrueckii killer strains to dominate and complete the must fermentation to reach above 11% ethanol, but not the non-killer strains. None of the wines underwent malolactic fermentation as long as the must had low turbidity and pH. Although no statistically significant differences were found in the wine quality score, the S. cerevisiae-dominated wines were preferred over the T. delbrueckii-dominated ones because the former had high-intensity fresh fruit aromas while the latter had lower intensity, but nevertheless nice and unusual dried fruit/pastry aromas. Except for ethyl propanoate and 3-ethoxy-1-propanol, which were more abundant in the T. delbrueckii–dominated wines, most of the compounds with fresh fruit odor descriptors, including those with the greatest odor activity values (isoamyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate, and ethyl octanoate), were more abundant in the S. cerevisiae–dominated wines. The low relative concentrations of these fruity compounds made it possible to detect in the T. delbrueckii–dominated wines the low-relative-concentration compounds with dried fruit and pastry odors. An example was γ-ethoxy-butyrolactone which was significantly more abundant in these wines than in those dominated by S. cerevisiae. PMID:26579114

Effects of new Torulaspora delbrueckii killer yeasts on the must fermentation kinetics and aroma compounds of white table wine.

PubMed

Velázquez, Rocío; Zamora, Emiliano; Álvarez, María L; Hernández, Luis M; Ramírez, Manuel

2015-01-01

Torulaspora delbrueckii is becoming widely recommended for improving some specific characteristics of wines. However, its impact on wine quality is still far from satisfactory at the winery level, mostly because it is easily replaced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae-like yeasts during must fermentation. New T. delbrueckii killer strains were here isolated and selected for winemaking. They killed S. cerevisiae yeasts and were able to dominate and complete the fermentation of sterile grape must. Sequential yeast inoculation of non-sterile white must with T. delbrueckii followed by S. cerevisiae did not ensure T. delbrueckii dominance or wine quality improvement. Only a single initial must inoculation at high cell concentrations allowed the T. delbrueckii killer strains to dominate and complete the must fermentation to reach above 11% ethanol, but not the non-killer strains. None of the wines underwent malolactic fermentation as long as the must had low turbidity and pH. Although no statistically significant differences were found in the wine quality score, the S. cerevisiae-dominated wines were preferred over the T. delbrueckii-dominated ones because the former had high-intensity fresh fruit aromas while the latter had lower intensity, but nevertheless nice and unusual dried fruit/pastry aromas. Except for ethyl propanoate and 3-ethoxy-1-propanol, which were more abundant in the T. delbrueckii-dominated wines, most of the compounds with fresh fruit odor descriptors, including those with the greatest odor activity values (isoamyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate, and ethyl octanoate), were more abundant in the S. cerevisiae-dominated wines. The low relative concentrations of these fruity compounds made it possible to detect in the T. delbrueckii-dominated wines the low-relative-concentration compounds with dried fruit and pastry odors. An example was γ-ethoxy-butyrolactone which was significantly more abundant in these wines than in those dominated by S. cerevisiae.

Autochthonous starter cultures and indigenous grape variety for regional wine production.

PubMed

Garofalo, C; El Khoury, M; Lucas, P; Bely, M; Russo, P; Spano, G; Capozzi, V

2015-06-01

To characterize Oenococcus oeni strains isolated from North-Apulian wines where malic acid degradation is usually achieved by spontaneous fermentations, and to determine the influence of bacterial inoculation time on the malolactic performances in 'Nero di Troia' wine using a complete autochthonous microbial regime. Oenococcus oeni strains from wines produced with the autochthonous (Apulia Region, southern Italy) grape variety 'Uva di Troia' were isolated, selected and characterized. Multilocus sequence typing and variable number tandem repeat analysis were used to investigate intraspecific diversity. Oenococcus oeni strains were tested in co-inoculation and in sequential inoculation, with two autochthonous yeast strains previously isolated from 'Nero di Troia' wine. After a preliminary screening using co-inoculation regime, the O. oeni strains were grouped in reason of the different behaviour in malic acid performances. Results suggested that the efficient degradation of malic acid in co-inoculation is a strain-dependent characteristic. Autochthonous yeast/bacterium combinations were identified as starter culture, and used in a co-inoculation approach, for vinification of regional wines. The 'microbial terroir' of typical fermented food and beverage production represents a dynamic sector of applied research in food microbiology. In this work, we propose the use of autochthonous bacteria and yeast for wine production from an indigenous grape variety. © 2015 The Society for Applied Microbiology.

Influence of different yeast/lactic acid bacteria combinations on the aromatic profile of red Bordeaux wine.

PubMed

Gammacurta, Marine; Marchand, Stéphanie; Moine, Virginie; de Revel, Gilles

2017-09-01

The typical fruity aroma of red Bordeaux wines depends on the grape variety but also on microbiological processes, such as alcoholic and malolactic fermentations. These transformations involve respectively the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the lactic acid bacterium Oenococcus oeni. Both species play a central role in red winemaking but their quantitative and qualitative contribution to the revelation of the organoleptic qualities of wine has not yet been fully described. The aim of this study was to elucidate the influence of sequential inoculation of different yeast and bacteria strains on the aromatic profile of red Bordeaux wine. All microorganisms completed fermentations and no significant difference was observed between tanks regarding the main oenological parameters until 3 months' aging. Regardless of the yeast strain, B28 bacteria required the shortest period to completely degrade the malic acid, compared to the other strain. Quantification of 73 major components highlighted a specific volatile profile corresponding to each microorganism combination. However, the yeast strain appeared to have a predominant effect on aromatic compound levels, as well as on fruity aroma perception. Yeasts had a greater impact on wine quality and have more influence on the aromatic style of red wine than bacteria. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Screening, identification and characterization of bacteriocins produced by wine-isolated LAB strains.

PubMed

Ndlovu, B; Schoeman, H; Franz, C M A P; du Toit, M

2015-04-01

To screen and identify wine-isolated LAB strains for bacteriocin production, and to identify and characterize bacteriocins. One hundred and fifty-five LAB strains isolated from South African red wines undergoing spontaneous malolactic fermentation were screened for bacteriocin production. Eight isolates were identified to be bacteriocin producers and were identified as Enterococcus faecium. All eight isolates had the same phenotypic and genotypic profiles. The peptides were preliminarily identified as enterocin P using mass spectrometry and further confirmed by PCR-amplifying enterocin P gene. The enterocin activity was inhibited by α-Chymotrypsin, papain and proteinase K treatments. It was heat stable at 37, 60, 80 and 100°C and showed activity over a broad pH range of 2-10. The production of the enterocin followed that of primary metabolite kinetics and, it showed bactericidal effect to some wine spoilage LAB strains. Our study identified the presence of the enterocin-producing Enterococcus in wine. The enterocin was heat stable; with broad pH range and bactericidal effects to sensitive strains. This is one of very few studies that isolated Enterococcus species from wine. It is, however, the first to report presence of bacteriocin-producing Enterococcus in wine fermentation. © 2015 The Society for Applied Microbiology.

Myeloid leukemia factor functions in anti-WSSV immune reaction of kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus.

PubMed

Feng, Xiao-Wu; Huo, Li-Jie; Sun, Jie-Jie; Xu, Ji-Dong; Niu, Guo-Juan; Wang, Jin-Xing; Shi, Xiu-Zhen

2017-11-01

Myeloid leukemia factor (MLF) plays an important role in development, cell cycle, myeloid differentiation, and regulates the RUNX transcription factors. However, the function of MLF in immunity is still unclear. In this study, an MLF was identified and characterized in kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus, and named as MjMLF. The full-length cDNA of MjMLF contained 1111 nucleotides, which had an opening reading frame of 816 bp encoding a protein of 272 amino acids with an MLF1-interacting protein domain. MjMLF could be ubiquitously detected in different tissues of shrimp at the transcriptional level. The expression pattern analysis showed that MjMLF could be upregulated in shrimp hemocytes and hepatopancreas after white spot syndrome virus challenge. The RNA interference and protein injection assay showed that MjMLF could inhibit WSSV replication in vivo. Flow cytometry assay showed that MjMLF could induce hemocytes apoptosis which functioned in the shrimp antiviral reaction. All the results suggested that MjMLF played an important role in the antiviral immune reaction of kuruma shrimp. The research indicated that MjMLF might function as a novel regulator to inhibit WSSV replication in shrimp. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

cDNA cloning and characterization of a novel gene encoding the MLF1-interacting protein MLF1IP.

PubMed

Hanissian, Silva H; Akbar, Umar; Teng, Bin; Janjetovic, Zorica; Hoffmann, Anne; Hitzler, Johann K; Iscove, Norman; Hamre, Kristin; Du, Xiaoping; Tong, Yiai; Mukatira, Suraj; Robertson, Jon H; Morris, Stephan W

2004-04-29

Myelodysplasia/acute myeloid leukemia (MDS/AML) is characterized by a t(3;5)(q25.1;q34) chromosomal translocation that forms a fusion gene between nucleophosmin (NPM) and MDS/myeloid leukemia factor 1 (MLF1). We identified a novel protein, MLF1-interacting protein (MLF1IP), that specifically associates with MLF1 by yeast two-hybrid analysis and in pulldown assays, and colocalizes with it in both the nuclei and cytoplasm of cells. The MLF1IP gene locus is at chromosome 4q35.1 and is composed of 14 exons spanning 75.8 kb of genomic DNA. The MLF1IP cDNA encodes a 46-kDa protein that contains two bipartite and two classical nuclear localization signals, two nuclear receptor-binding motifs (LXXLL), two leucine zippers, two PEST residues and several potential phosphorylation sites. MLF1IP transcripts are expressed in a variety of tissues (e.g. fetal liver, bone marrow, thymus and testis). MLF1IP appears to be a lineage-specific gene whose expression is confined exclusively to the CFU-E erythroid precursor cells, but not in mature erythrocytes. These observations, together with previous data demonstrating a role for MLF1 in suppressing red cell maturation, suggest a possible role for MLF1IP and MLF1 deregulation in the genesis of erythroleukemias.

Shuttling imbalance of MLF1 results in p53 instability and increases susceptibility to oncogenic transformation.

PubMed

Yoneda-Kato, Noriko; Kato, Jun-Ya

2008-01-01

Myeloid leukemia factor 1 (MLF1) stabilizes the activity of the tumor suppressor p53 by suppressing its E3 ubiquitin ligase, COP1, through a third component of the COP9 signalosome (CSN3). However, little is known about how MLF1 functions upstream of the CSN3-COP1-p53 pathway and how its deregulation by the formation of the fusion protein nucleophosmin (NPM)-MLF1, generated by t(3;5)(q25.1;q34) chromosomal translocation, leads to leukemogenesis. Here we show that MLF1 is a cytoplasmic-nuclear-shuttling protein and that its nucleolar localization on fusing with NPM prevents the full induction of p53 by both genotoxic and oncogenic cellular stress. The majority of MLF1 was located in the cytoplasm, but the treatment of cells with leptomycin B rapidly induced a nuclear accumulation of MLF1. A mutation of the nuclear export signal (NES) motif identified in the MLF1 sequence enhanced the antiproliferative activity of MLF1. The fusion of MLF1 with NPM translocated MLF1 to the nucleolus and abolished the growth-suppressing activity. The introduction of NPM-MLF1 into early-passage murine embryonic fibroblasts allowed the cells to escape from cellular senescence at a markedly earlier stage and induced neoplastic transformation in collaboration with the oncogenic form of Ras. Interestingly, disruption of the MLF1-derived NES sequence completely abolished the growth-promoting activity of NPM-MLF1 in murine fibroblasts and hematopoietic cells. Thus, our results provide important evidence that the shuttling of MLF1 is critical for the regulation of cell proliferation and a disturbance in the shuttling balance increases the cell's susceptibility to oncogenic transformation.

Shuttling Imbalance of MLF1 Results in p53 Instability and Increases Susceptibility to Oncogenic Transformation▿ †

PubMed Central

Yoneda-Kato, Noriko; Kato, Jun-ya

2008-01-01

Myeloid leukemia factor 1 (MLF1) stabilizes the activity of the tumor suppressor p53 by suppressing its E3 ubiquitin ligase, COP1, through a third component of the COP9 signalosome (CSN3). However, little is known about how MLF1 functions upstream of the CSN3-COP1-p53 pathway and how its deregulation by the formation of the fusion protein nucleophosmin (NPM)-MLF1, generated by t(3;5)(q25.1;q34) chromosomal translocation, leads to leukemogenesis. Here we show that MLF1 is a cytoplasmic-nuclear-shuttling protein and that its nucleolar localization on fusing with NPM prevents the full induction of p53 by both genotoxic and oncogenic cellular stress. The majority of MLF1 was located in the cytoplasm, but the treatment of cells with leptomycin B rapidly induced a nuclear accumulation of MLF1. A mutation of the nuclear export signal (NES) motif identified in the MLF1 sequence enhanced the antiproliferative activity of MLF1. The fusion of MLF1 with NPM translocated MLF1 to the nucleolus and abolished the growth-suppressing activity. The introduction of NPM-MLF1 into early-passage murine embryonic fibroblasts allowed the cells to escape from cellular senescence at a markedly earlier stage and induced neoplastic transformation in collaboration with the oncogenic form of Ras. Interestingly, disruption of the MLF1-derived NES sequence completely abolished the growth-promoting activity of NPM-MLF1 in murine fibroblasts and hematopoietic cells. Thus, our results provide important evidence that the shuttling of MLF1 is critical for the regulation of cell proliferation and a disturbance in the shuttling balance increases the cell's susceptibility to oncogenic transformation. PMID:17967869

Metabolite profile of koji amazake and its lactic acid fermentation product by Lactobacillus sakei UONUMA.

PubMed

Oguro, Yoshifumi; Nishiwaki, Toshikazu; Shinada, Ryota; Kobayashi, Kazuya; Kurahashi, Atsushi

2017-08-01

The koji amazake is a traditional sweet Japanese beverage. It has been consumed for over a thousand years in Japan; nonetheless, little is yet known of the ingredients in koji amazake. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the metabolites of koji amazake using a metabolomics approach. Additionally, we reformed the flavor of koji amazake by lactic acid fermentation (LAF-amazake) using Lactobacillus sakei UONUMA, which was isolated from snow caverns. The purpose of this article is to identify the ingredients in these beverages. In LAF-amazake and koji amazake, sugars, amino acids, organic acids, and vitamin B complex were determined in the two beverages, and over 300 compounds were detected in total. Thirteen saccharides were identified including two unknown trisaccharides, and there were no differences in these between the two beverages. In LAF-amazake, lactic acid, vitamin B2 (riboflavin), B3 (nicotinic acid and nicotinamide), and B6 (pyridoxine) were significantly increased as compared to koji amazake, whereas malate and glutamine decreased. These results suggested that LAF, malolactic fermentation, and glutamine deamidation occurred simultaneously in LAF-amazake. L. sakei UONUMA strains produced these vitamins. Moreover, it was surprising that acetylcholine, a well-known neurotransmitter, was newly generated in LAF-amazake. Here, we have succeeded in reforming the flavor of koji amazake and obtained these metabolic data on the two beverages. The present study could provide useful basic information for promoting functional analyses of koji amazake and LAF-amazake for human health. Copyright © 2017 The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Myeloid leukemia factor 1 interfered with Bcl-XL to promote apoptosis and its function was regulated by 14-3-3.

PubMed

Sun, Yi; Fu, Amina; Xu, Wu; Chao, Jyh-Rong; Moshiach, Simon; Morris, Stephan W

2015-12-01

Myeloid leukemia factor 1 (MLF1) was involved in t(3;5) chromosomal rearrangement and aberrantly expressed in myelodysplastic syndromes/acute myeloid leukemia patients. Ex vivo experiments showed that the lymphocytes from the Mlf1-deficient mice were more resistant to apoptotic stimulations than the wild-type cells. Furthermore, the ectopically expressed MLF1 induced apoptosis in the cell models. These findings revealed that MLF1 was required for the cells to respond to the apoptotic stimulations. Ex vivo experiments also demonstrated that cytokine withdrawal significantly up-regulated Mlf1's expression and promoted its association with B cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-XL) in the lymphocytes, at the same time reduced the association of Bax with Bcl-XL The same effects were also observed in the cells that over-expressed MLF1. However, these effects were observed in Mlf1 null lymphocytes as well as the cells over-expressing Bcl-XL. In addition, MLF1's proapoptosis could be completely prevented by co-expression of Bcl-XL and significantly attenuated in Bax/Bak double null cells. These data, taken together, strongly suggested that in response to the stresses, up-regulated Mlf1 promoted its association with Bcl-XL and reduced the available Bcl-XL for associating with Bax, which resulted in releasing Bax from the Bcl-XL and apoptosis in turn. Lastly, we showed that MLF1 was negatively regulated by 14-3-3 and revealed that 14-3-3 bound to MLF1 and physically blocked MLF1's Bcl-2 homology domain 3 (BH3) as well as Bcl-XL from associating with MLF1. Our findings suggested that ectopically expressed MLF1 could be responsible for the pathological apoptosis in early myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients.

MLF1-interacting protein is mainly localized in nucleolus through N-terminal bipartite nuclear localization signal.

PubMed

Suzuki, Hideaki; Arakawa, Yasuhiro; Ito, Masaki; Saito, Shinobu; Takeda, Nobuakira; Yamada, Hisashi; Horiguchi-Yamada, Junko

2007-01-01

The myelodysplasia/myeloid leukemia factor 1-interacting protein (MLF1LP, also called KLIP1 and CENP-50) is reported to localize in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. To investigate the functions of MLF1IP, its subnuclear localization was studied. MLF1IP was tagged with green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Fibrillarin was tagged with red fluorescent protein (DsRed). EGFP-tagged MLF1IP deletion vectors were also constructed. Plasmid-constructs were transfected into human cervical adenocarcinoma HeLa cells or monkey kidney fibroblast COS-7 cells, and the localization was studied by either confocal fluorescence microscopy or fluorescence microscopy. Ectopically expressed MLF1IP was localized mainly in the nucleolus. In some cells, small dot-like particles of MLF1IP fluorescence were observed in the nucleoplasm. Co-staining of fibrillarin disclosed that MLF1IP was co-localized with fibrillarin in the nucleolus. Deletion mutants of MLF1IP revealed that the N-terminal bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) was responsible for nucleolar targeting. MLF1IP was localized mainly in the nucleolus through the N-terminal bipartite NLS and partly in the nucleoplasm featuring small dot-like particles. These findings suggest that MLF1IP may have multi-functions and its different localizations may contribute to carcinogenesis.

Myeloid leukemia factor 1 regulates p53 by suppressing COP1 via COP9 signalosome subunit 3.

PubMed

Yoneda-Kato, Noriko; Tomoda, Kiichiro; Umehara, Mari; Arata, Yukinobu; Kato, Jun-ya

2005-05-04

Myeloid leukemia factor 1 (MLF1) was first identified as the leukemic fusion protein NPM-MLF1 generated by the t(3;5)(q25.1;q34) chromosomal translocation. Although MLF1 expresses normally in a variety of tissues including hematopoietic stem cells and the overexpression of MLF1 correlates with malignant transformation in human cancer, little is known about how MLF1 is involved in the regulation of cell growth. Here we show that MLF1 is a negative regulator of cell cycle progression functioning upstream of the tumor suppressor p53. MLF1 induces p53-dependent cell cycle arrest in murine embryonic fibroblasts. This action requires a novel binding partner, subunit 3 of the COP9 signalosome (CSN3). A reduction in the level of CSN3 protein with small interfering RNA abrogated MLF1-induced G1 arrest and impaired the activation of p53 by genotoxic stress. Furthermore, ectopic MLF1 expression and CSN3 knockdown inversely affect the endogenous level of COP1, a ubiquitin ligase for p53. Exogenous expression of COP1 overcomes MLF1-induced growth arrest. These results indicate that MLF1 is a critical regulator of p53 and suggest its involvement in leukemogenesis through a novel CSN3-COP1 pathway.

Myeloid leukemia factor 1 associates with a novel heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U-like molecule.

PubMed

Winteringham, Louise N; Endersby, Raelene; Kobelke, Simon; McCulloch, Ross K; Williams, James H; Stillitano, Justin; Cornwall, Scott M; Ingley, Evan; Klinken, S Peter

2006-12-15

Myeloid leukemia factor 1 (MLF1) is an oncoprotein associated with hemopoietic lineage commitment and acute myeloid leukemia. Here we show that Mlf1 associated with a novel binding partner, Mlf1-associated nuclear protein (Manp), a new heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) family member, related to hnRNP-U. Manp localized exclusively in the nucleus and could redirect Mlf1 from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. The nuclear content of Mlf1 was also regulated by 14-3-3 binding to a canonical 14-3-3 binding motif within the N terminus of Mlf1. Significantly Mlf1 contains a functional nuclear export signal and localized primarily to the nuclei of hemopoietic cells. Mlf1 was capable of binding DNA, and microarray analysis revealed that it affected the expression of several genes, including transcription factors. In summary, this study reveals that Mlf1 translocates between nucleus and cytoplasm, associates with a novel hnRNP, and influences gene expression.

Biochar as carrier for plant nutrients and microorganisms - techniques of agro-activation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schmidt, H.-P.

2012-04-01

The soil enhancing qualities of biochar are strongly linked to its influence on nutrient cycling dynamics, sorption dynamics and to changing habitat condition for soil fauna. But as shown in multiple studies, the addition of pure biochar to agricultural soils may provoke reduced plant growth caused by the immobilisation of plant nutrients. The very potent sorption dynamics of biochar makes it an effective carrier for plant nutrients and plant-root symbiotic microorganisms. At the Delinat-Institute, we tried sundry methods of charging biochars with organic and mineral plant nutrients as well as with microorganisms. This includes the use of biochar as bulk agent in aerobic composting, in malolactic fermentation and as treatment for liquid manure, but also formulations of mineral carbon-fertilizers. Those biochar products are tested in pot and also large scale field trials. Results and experiences of these trials as well as different activation methods will be explained. A short overview of industrial designing of biochar based products will be given.

A Metabolomic Approach to the Study of Wine Micro-Oxygenation

PubMed Central

Arapitsas, Panagiotis; Scholz, Matthias; Vrhovsek, Urska; Di Blasi, Stefano; Biondi Bartolini, Alessandra; Masuero, Domenico; Perenzoni, Daniele; Rigo, Adelio; Mattivi, Fulvio

2012-01-01

Wine micro-oxygenation is a globally used treatment and its effects were studied here by analysing by untargeted LC-MS the wine metabolomic fingerprint. Eight different procedural variations, marked by the addition of oxygen (four levels) and iron (two levels) were applied to Sangiovese wine, before and after malolactic fermentation. Data analysis using supervised and unsupervised multivariate methods highlighted some known candidate biomarkers, together with a number of metabolites which had never previously been considered as possible biomarkers for wine micro-oxygenation. Various pigments and tannins were identified among the known candidate biomarkers. Additional new information was obtained suggesting a correlation between oxygen doses and metal contents and changes in the concentration of primary metabolites such as arginine, proline, tryptophan and raffinose, and secondary metabolites such as succinic acid and xanthine. Based on these findings, new hypotheses regarding the formation and reactivity of wine pigment during micro-oxygenation have been proposed. This experiment highlights the feasibility of using unbiased, untargeted metabolomic fingerprinting to improve our understanding of wine chemistry. PMID:22662221

Subcellular localization of full-length human myeloid leukemia factor 1 (MLF1) is independent of 14-3-3 proteins.

PubMed

Molzan, Manuela; Ottmann, Christian

2013-03-01

Myeloid leukemia factor 1 (MLF1) is associated with the development of leukemic diseases such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). However, information on the physiological function of MLF1 is limited and mostly derived from studies identifying MLF1 interaction partners like CSN3, MLF1IP, MADM, Manp and the 14-3-3 proteins. The 14-3-3-binding site surrounding S34 is one of the only known functional features of the MLF1 sequence, along with one nuclear export sequence (NES) and two nuclear localization sequences (NLS). It was recently shown that the subcellular localization of mouse MLF1 is dependent on 14-3-3 proteins. Based on these findings, we investigated whether the subcellular localization of human MLF1 was also directly 14-3-3-dependent. Live cell imaging with GFP-fused human MLF1 was used to study the effects of mutations and deletions on its subcellular localization. Surprisingly, we found that the subcellular localization of full-length human MLF1 is 14-3-3-independent, and is probably regulated by other as-yet-unknown proteins.

Myeloid leukemia factor 1 regulates p53 by suppressing COP1 via COP9 signalosome subunit 3

PubMed Central

Yoneda-Kato, Noriko; Tomoda, Kiichiro; Umehara, Mari; Arata, Yukinobu; Kato, Jun-ya

2005-01-01

Myeloid leukemia factor 1 (MLF1) was first identified as the leukemic fusion protein NPM-MLF1 generated by the t(3;5)(q25.1;q34) chromosomal translocation. Although MLF1 expresses normally in a variety of tissues including hematopoietic stem cells and the overexpression of MLF1 correlates with malignant transformation in human cancer, little is known about how MLF1 is involved in the regulation of cell growth. Here we show that MLF1 is a negative regulator of cell cycle progression functioning upstream of the tumor suppressor p53. MLF1 induces p53-dependent cell cycle arrest in murine embryonic fibroblasts. This action requires a novel binding partner, subunit 3 of the COP9 signalosome (CSN3). A reduction in the level of CSN3 protein with small interfering RNA abrogated MLF1-induced G1 arrest and impaired the activation of p53 by genotoxic stress. Furthermore, ectopic MLF1 expression and CSN3 knockdown inversely affect the endogenous level of COP1, a ubiquitin ligase for p53. Exogenous expression of COP1 overcomes MLF1-induced growth arrest. These results indicate that MLF1 is a critical regulator of p53 and suggest its involvement in leukemogenesis through a novel CSN3–COP1 pathway. PMID:15861129

The t(3;5)(q25.1;q34) of myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia produces a novel fusion gene, NPM-MLF1.

PubMed

Yoneda-Kato, N; Look, A T; Kirstein, M N; Valentine, M B; Raimondi, S C; Cohen, K J; Carroll, A J; Morris, S W

1996-01-18

A t(3;5)(q25.1;q34) chromosomal translocation associated with myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was found to rearrange part of the nucleophosmin (NPM) gene on chromosome 5 with sequences from a novel gene on chromosome 3. Chimeric transcripts expressed by these cells contain 5' NPM coding sequences fused in-frame to those of the new gene, which we named myelodysplasia/myeloid leukemia factor 1 (MLF1). RNA-based polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed identical NPM-MLF1 mRNA fusions in each of the three t(3;5)-positive cases of AML examined. The predicted MLF1 amino acid sequence lacked homology to previously characterized proteins and did not contain known functional motifs. Normal MLF1 transcripts were expressed in a variety of tissues, most abundantly in testis, ovary, skeletal muscle, heart, kidney and colon. Anti-MLF1 antibodies detected the wild-type 31 kDa protein in K562 and HEL erythroleukemia cell lines, but not in HL-60, U937 or KG-1 myeloid leukemia lines. By contrast, t(3;5)-positive leukemia cells expressed a 54 kDa NPM-MLF1 protein, but not normal MLF1. Immunostaining experiments indicated that MLF1 is normally located in the cytoplasm, whereas NPM-MLF1 is targeted to the nucleus, with highest levels in the nucleolus. The nuclear/nucleolar localization of NPM-MLF1 mirrors that of NPM, indicating that NPM trafficking signals direct MLF1 to an inappropriate cellular compartment in myeloid leukemia cells.

Apoptosis induced by the myelodysplastic syndrome-associated NPM-MLF1 chimeric protein.

PubMed

Yoneda-Kato, N; Fukuhara, S; Kato, J

1999-06-24

The NPM-MLF1 chimeric protein is produced by the t(3;5)(q25.1;q34) chromosomal translocation, which is associated with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) prior to progression into acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here we report that K562 human leukemia cells ectopically expressing NPM-MLF1, but not those with wild-type MLF1, were gradually eliminated from the culture by undergoing apoptosis. NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts engineered to overexpress NPM-MLF1 grew normally but serum deprivation triggered apoptotic cell death with slower kinetics than did other well-known apoptotic inducers such as c-Myc or E2F-1. Quantitative analysis of apoptotic induction confirmed that, neither NPM nor MLF1, but the NPM-MLF1 fusion protein was able to induce apoptosis. Analyses using a variety of deletion mutants of NPM-MLF1 revealed that induction of apoptosis required the N-terminal domain of MLF1 and the NPM domain containing nuclear localization signal and that removal of the NPM dimerization domain markedly impaired the ability to induce apoptosis. Co-expression of Bcl-2 rescued NIH3T3 fibroblasts from NPM-MLF1-mediated cell death without affecting the expression level or the subcellular localization of NPM-MLF1 and enabled cells to progress into S phase in low serum. These findings provide an NPM-MLF1-mediated novel mechanism of apoptotic induction and imply that NPM-MLFI in collaboration with anti-apoptotic oncoproteins may play an important role in multi-step progression from MDS to AML.

MADM, a novel adaptor protein that mediates phosphorylation of the 14-3-3 binding site of myeloid leukemia factor 1.

PubMed

Lim, Raelene; Winteringham, Louise N; Williams, James H; McCulloch, Ross K; Ingley, Evan; Tiao, Jim Y-H; Lalonde, Jean-Philippe; Tsai, Schickwann; Tilbrook, Peta A; Sun, Yi; Wu, Xiaohua; Morris, Stephan W; Klinken, S Peter

2002-10-25

A yeast two-hybrid screen was conducted to identify binding partners of Mlf1, an oncoprotein recently identified in a translocation with nucleophosmin that causes acute myeloid leukemia. Two proteins isolated in this screen were 14-3-3zeta and a novel adaptor, Madm. Mlf1 contains a classic RSXSXP sequence for 14-3-3 binding and is associated with 14-3-3zeta via this phosphorylated motif. Madm co-immunoprecipitated with Mlf1 and co-localized in the cytoplasm. In addition, Madm recruited a serine kinase, which phosphorylated both Madm and Mlf1 including the RSXSXP motif. In contrast to wild-type Mlf1, the oncogenic fusion protein nucleophosmin (NPM)-MLF1 did not bind 14-3-3zeta, had altered Madm binding, and localized exclusively in the nucleus. Ectopic expression of Madm in M1 myeloid cells suppressed cytokine-induced differentiation unlike Mlf1, which promotes maturation. Because the Mlf1 binding region of Madm and its own dimerization domain overlapped, the levels of Madm and Mlf1 may affect complex formation and regulate differentiation. In summary, this study has identified two partner proteins of Mlf1 that may influence its subcellular localization and biological function.

cDNA cloning, tissue distribution, and chromosomal localization of myelodysplasia/Myeloid Leukemia Factor 2 (MLF2)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kuefer, M.U.; Valentine, V.; Behm, F.G.

A fusion gene between nucleophosmin (NPM) and myelodysplasia/myeloid leukemia factor 1 (MLF1) and myelodysplasia/myeloid leukemia factor 1 (MLF1) is formed by a recurrent t(3;5)(q25.1;q34) in myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. Here we report the identification of a novel gene, MLF2, which contains an open reading frame of 744 bp encoding a 248-amino-acid protein highly related to the previously identified MLF1 protein (63% similarity, 40% identity). In contrast to the tissue-restricted expression pattern of MLF1, and MLF2 messenger RNA is expressed ubiquitously. The MLF2 gene locus was mapped by fluorescence in situ hybridization to human chromosome 12p13, a chromosomal regionmore » frequently involved in translocations and deletions in acute leukemias of lymphoid or myeloid lineage. In a physical map of chromosome 12, MLF2 was found to reside on the yeast artificial chromosome clone 765b9. Southern blotting analysis of malignant cell DNAs prepared from a series of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases with translocations involving chromosome arm 12p, as well as a group of acute myeloid leukemias with various cytogenetic abnormalities, failed to reveal MLF2 gene rearrangements. 19 refs., 2 figs.« less

Characterization of a Drosophila homologue of the human myelodysplasia/myeloid leukemia factor (MLF).

PubMed

Ohno, K; Takahashi, Y; Hirose, F; Inoue, Y H; Taguchi, O; Nishida, Y; Matsukage, A; Yamaguchi, M

2000-12-30

The transcription factor DREF regulates proliferation-related genes in Drosophila. With two-hybrid screening using DREF as a bait, we have obtained a clone encoding a protein homologous to human myelodysplasia/myeloid leukemia factor 1 (hMLF1). We termed the protein Drosophila MLF (dMLF); it consists of a polypeptide of 309 amino acid residues, whose sequence shares 23.1% identity with hMLF1. High conservation of 54.2% identity over 107 amino acids was found in the central region. The dMLF gene was mapped to 52D on the second chromosome by in situ hybridization. Interaction between dMLF and DREF in vitro could be confirmed by glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay, with the conserved central region appearing to play an important role in this. Northern blot hybridization analysis revealed dMLF mRNA levels to be high in unfertilized eggs, early embryos, pupae and adult males, and relatively low in adult females and larvae. This fluctuation of mRNA during Drosophila development is similar to that observed for DREF mRNA, except in the pupa and adult male. Using a specific antibody against the dMLF, we performed immunofluorescent staining of Drosophila Kc cells and showed a primarily cytoplasmic staining, whereas DREF localizes in the nucleus. However, dMLF protein contains a putative 14-3-3 binding motif involved in the subcellular localization of various regulatory molecules, and interaction with DREF could be regulated through this motif. The transgenic fly data suggesting the genetic interaction between DREF and dMLF support this possibility. Characterization of dMLF in the present study provides the molecular basis for analysis of its significance in Drosophila.

MLF1 interacting protein: a potential gene therapy target for human prostate cancer?

PubMed

Zhang, Lei; Ji, Guoqing; Shao, Yuzhang; Qiao, Shaoyi; Jing, Yuming; Qin, Rongliang; Sun, Huiming; Shao, Chen

2015-02-01

Here, we investigated the role of one gene that has been previously associated with human prostate carcinoma cells-myelodysplasia/myeloid leukemia factor 1 interacting protein (MLF1IP)-in order to better ascertain its role in human prostate carcinogenesis. The prostate cancer cell line PC-3 was lentivirally transfected to silence endogenous MLF1IP gene expression, which was confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Cellomics ArrayScan VTI imaging and MTT assays were conducted to assess cell proliferation. Cell cycle phase arrest and apoptosis were assayed by flow cytometry. Colony formation was assessed by fluorescence microscopy. MLF1IP gene expression was also analyzed by RT-qPCR in sixteen prostate cancer tissue samples and six healthy control prostate tissue samples from human patients. Cell proliferation was significantly inhibited in MLF1IP-silenced cells relative to control cells. G1 phase, S and G2/M phase cell counts were not significantly changed in MLF1IP-silenced cells relative to control cells. Apoptosis was significantly increased in MLF1IP-silenced cells, while MLF1IP-silenced cells displayed a significantly reduced number of cell colonies, compared to control cells. The 16 human prostate cancer tissue samples revealed no clear upregulation or downregulation in MLF1IP gene expression. MLF1IP significantly promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation and colony formation and significantly inhibits apoptosis without affecting cell cycle phase arrest. Further study is required to conclusively determine whether MLF1IP is upregulated in human prostate cancer tumors and to determine the precise cellular mechanism(s) for MLF1IP in prostate carcinogenesis.

Regulation of myeloid leukemia factor-1 interacting protein (MLF1IP) expression in glioblastoma.

PubMed

Hanissian, Silva H; Teng, Bin; Akbar, Umar; Janjetovic, Zorica; Zhou, Qihong; Duntsch, Christopher; Robertson, Jon H

2005-06-14

The myelodysplasia/myeloid leukemia factor 1-interacting protein MLF1IP is a novel gene which encodes for a putative transcriptional repressor. It is localized to human chromosome 4q35.1 and is expressed in both the nuclei and cytoplasm of cells. Northern and Western blot analyses have revealed MLF1IP to be present at very low amounts in normal brain tissues, whereas a number of human and rat glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines demonstrated a high level expression of the MLF1IP protein. Immunohistochemical analysis of rat F98 and C6 GBM tumor models showed that MLF1IP was highly expressed in the tumor core where it was co-localized with MLF1 and nestin. Moreover, MLF1IP expression was elevated in the contralateral brain where no tumor cells were detected. These observations, together with previous data demonstrating a role for MLF1IP in erythroleukemias, suggest a possible function for this protein in glioma pathogenesis and potentially in other types of malignancies.

Investigation of tissue-specific expression and functions of MLF1-IP during development and in the immune system.

PubMed

Wang, Xuehai; Marcinkiewicz, Martin; Gatain, Yaned; Bouchard, Maxime; Mao, Jianning; Tremblay, Michel; Uetani, Noriko; Hanissian, Silva; Qi, Shijie; Wu, Jiangping; Luo, Hongyu

2013-01-01

Myeloid leukemia factor 1-interacting protein (MLF1-IP) has been found to exert functions in mitosis, although studies have been conducted only in cell lines up to now. To understand its roles during ontogeny and immunity, we analyzed its mRNA expression pattern by in situ hybridization and generated MLF1-IP gene knockout (KO) mice. MLF1-IP was expressed at elevated levels in most rudimentary tissues during the mid-gestation stage, between embryonic day 9.5 (e9.5) and e15.5. It declined afterwards in these tissues, but was very high in the testes and ovaries in adulthood. At post-natal day 10 (p10), the retina and cerebellum still expressed moderate MLF1-IP levels, although these tissues do not contain fast-proliferating cells at this stage. MLF1-IP expression in lymphoid organs, such as the thymus, lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow, was high between e15.5 and p10, and decreased in adulthood. MLF1-IP KO embryos failed to develop beyond e6.5. On the other hand, MLF1-IP(+/-) mice were alive and fertile, with no obvious anomalies. Lymphoid organ size, weight, cellularity and cell sub-populations in MLF1-IP(+/-) mice were in the normal range. The functions of MLF1-IP(+/-) T cells and naïve CD4 cells, in terms of TCR-stimulated proliferation and Th1, Th17 and Treg cell differentiation in vitro, were comparable to those of wild type T cells. Our study demonstrates that MLF1-IP performs unique functions during mouse embryonic development, particularly around e6.5, when there was degeneration of epiblasts. However, the cells could proliferate dozens of rounds without MLF1-IP. MLF1-IP expression at about 50% of its normal level is sufficient to sustain mice life and the development of their immune system without apparent abnormalities. Our results also raise an intriguing question that MLF1-IP might have additional functions unrelated to cell proliferation.

Investigation of Tissue-Specific Expression and Functions of MLF1-IP during Development and in the Immune System

PubMed Central

Wang, Xuehai; Marcinkiewicz, Martin; Gatain, Yaned; Bouchard, Maxime; Mao, Jianning; Tremblay, Michel; Uetani, Noriko; Hanissian, Silva; Qi, Shijie; Wu, Jiangping; Luo, Hongyu

2013-01-01

Myeloid leukemia factor 1-interacting protein (MLF1-IP) has been found to exert functions in mitosis, although studies have been conducted only in cell lines up to now. To understand its roles during ontogeny and immunity, we analyzed its mRNA expression pattern by in situ hybridization and generated MLF1-IP gene knockout (KO) mice. MLF1-IP was expressed at elevated levels in most rudimentary tissues during the mid-gestation stage, between embryonic day 9.5 (e9.5) and e15.5. It declined afterwards in these tissues, but was very high in the testes and ovaries in adulthood. At post-natal day 10 (p10), the retina and cerebellum still expressed moderate MLF1-IP levels, although these tissues do not contain fast-proliferating cells at this stage. MLF1-IP expression in lymphoid organs, such as the thymus, lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow, was high between e15.5 and p10, and decreased in adulthood. MLF1-IP KO embryos failed to develop beyond e6.5. On the other hand, MLF1-IP+/− mice were alive and fertile, with no obvious anomalies. Lymphoid organ size, weight, cellularity and cell sub-populations in MLF1-IP+/− mice were in the normal range. The functions of MLF1-IP+/− T cells and naïve CD4 cells, in terms of TCR-stimulated proliferation and Th1, Th17 and Treg cell differentiation in vitro, were comparable to those of wild type T cells. Our study demonstrates that MLF1-IP performs unique functions during mouse embryonic development, particularly around e6.5, when there was degeneration of epiblasts. However, the cells could proliferate dozens of rounds without MLF1-IP. MLF1-IP expression at about 50% of its normal level is sufficient to sustain mice life and the development of their immune system without apparent abnormalities. Our results also raise an intriguing question that MLF1-IP might have additional functions unrelated to cell proliferation. PMID:23724000

cDNA cloning, tissue distribution, and chromosomal localization of myelodysplasia/myeloid leukemia factor 2 (MLF2).

PubMed

Kuefer, M U; Look, A T; Williams, D C; Valentine, V; Naeve, C W; Behm, F G; Mullersman, J E; Yoneda-Kato, N; Montgomery, K; Kucherlapati, R; Morris, S W

1996-07-15

A fusion gene between nucleophosmin (NPM) and myelodysplasia/myeloid leukemia factor 1 (MLF1) is formed by a recurrent t(3;5)(q25.1;q34) in myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. Here we report the identification of a novel gene, MLF2, which contains an open reading frame of 744 bp encoding a 248-amino-acid protein highly related to the previously identified MLF1 protein (63% similarity, 40% identity). In contrast to the tissue-restricted expression pattern of MLF1, the MLF2 messenger RNA is expressed ubiquitously. The MLF2 gene locus was mapped by fluorescence in situ hybridization to human chromosome 12p13, a chromosomal region frequently involved in translocations and deletions in acute leukemias of lymphoid or myeloid lineage. In a physical map of chromosome 12, MLF2 was found to reside on the yeast artificial chromosome clone 765b9. Southern blotting analysis of malignant cell DNAs prepared from a series of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases with translocations involving chromosome arm 12p, as well as a group of acute myeloid leukemias with various cytogenetic abnormalities, failed to reveal MLF2 gene rearrangements.

cDNA cloning, expression pattern, and chromosomal localization of Mlf1, murine homologue of a gene involved in myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukemia.

PubMed

Hitzler, J K; Witte, D P; Jenkins, N A; Copeland, N G; Gilbert, D J; Naeve, C W; Look, A T; Morris, S W

1999-07-01

The NPM-MLF1 fusion protein is expressed in blasts from patients with myelodysplasia/acute myeloid leukemia (MDS/AML) containing the t(3;5) chromosomal rearrangement. Nucleophosmin (NPM), a previously characterized nucleolar phosphoprotein, contributes to two other fusion proteins found in lympho-hematopoietic malignancies, anaplastic large cell lymphoma (NPM-ALK) and acute promyelocytic leukemia (NPM-RARalpha). By contrast, the function of the carboxy-terminal fusion partner, myelodysplasia/myeloid leukemia factor 1 (MLF1), is unknown. To aid in understanding normal MLF1 function, we isolated the murine cDNA, determined the chromosomal localization of Mlf1, and defined its tissue expression by in situ hybridization. Mlf1 was highly similar to its human homologue (86% and 84% identical nucleotide and amino acid sequence, respectively) and mapped to the central region of chromosome 3, within a segment lacking known mouse mutations. Mlf1 tissue distribution was restricted during both development and postnatal life, with high levels present only in skeletal, cardiac, and selected smooth muscle, gonadal tissues, and rare epithelial tissues including the nasal mucosa and the ependyma/choroid plexus in the brain. Mlf1 transcripts were undetectable in the lympho-hematopoietic organs of both the embryonic and adult mouse, suggesting that NPM-MLF1 contributes to the genesis of MDS/AML in part by enforcing the ectopic overexpression of MLF1 within hematopoietic tissues.

Evidence for sequestration of polyglutamine inclusions by Drosophila myeloid leukemia factor.

PubMed

Kim, Woo-Yang; Fayazi, Zahra; Bao, Xiankun; Higgins, Dennis; Kazemi-Esfarjani, Parsa

2005-08-01

Intracellular inclusions of abnormally long polyglutamine tracts and neurotoxicity are the hallmarks of several hereditary neurodegenerative disorders, including Huntington's disease (HD). In Drosophila melanogaster, dMLF, an ortholog of human myeloid leukemia factors, hMLF1 and hMLF2, suppressed polyglutamine toxicity and colocalized with the inclusions. In transfected primary rat neuronal cultures, dMLF and its orthologs reduced the morphological phenotypes and inclusions. Furthermore, dMLF reduced the recruitment of CBP and Hsp70 into the inclusions, both of which are among many essential proteins apparently trapped in the inclusions. These data suggest that a possible mechanism of suppression by dMLF is via the sequestration of polyglutamine oligomers or inclusions.

MLF1 is a proapoptotic antagonist of HOP complex-mediated survival.

PubMed

Sun, Yi; Chao, Jyh-Rong; Xu, Wu; Pourpak, Alan; Boyd, Kelli; Moshiach, Simon; Qi, Guo-Yan; Fu, Amina; Shao, Hua-Rong; Pounds, Stanley; Morris, Stephan W

2017-04-01

In the HAX1/HtrA2-OMI/PARL (HOP) mitochondrial protein complex, anti-apoptotic signals are generated by cleavage and activation of the serine protease HtrA2/OMI by the rhomboid protease PARL upon recruitment of both proteases to inner mitochondrial membrane protein HAX1 (HS1-associated protein X-1). Here we report the negative regulation of the HOP complex by human leukemia-associated myeloid leukemia factor 1 (MLF1). We demonstrate that MLF1 physically and functionally associates with HAX1 and HtrA2. Increased interaction of MLF1 with HAX1 and HtrA2 displaces HtrA2 from the HOP complex and inhibits HtrA2 cleavage and activation, resulting in the apoptotic cell death. Conversely, over-expressed HAX1 neutralizes MLF1's effect and inhibits MLF1-induced apoptosis. Importantly, Mlf1 deletion reverses B- and T-cell lymphopenia and significantly ameliorates the progressive striatal and cerebellar neurodegeneration observed in Hax1 -/- mice, with a doubling of the lifespan of Mlf1 -/- /Hax1 -/- animals compared to Hax1 -/- animals. Collectively, these data indicate that MLF1 serves as a proapoptotic antagonist that interacts with the HOP mitochondrial complex to modulate cell survival. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Myeloid leukemia factor is a conserved regulator of RUNX transcription factor activity involved in hematopoiesis.

PubMed

Bras, Stéphanie; Martin-Lannerée, Séverine; Gobert, Vanessa; Augé, Benoît; Breig, Osman; Sanial, Matthieu; Yamaguchi, Masamitsu; Haenlin, Marc; Plessis, Anne; Waltzer, Lucas

2012-03-27

Defining the function of the genes that, like RUNX1, are deregulated in blood cell malignancies represents an important challenge. Myeloid leukemia factors (MLFs) constitute a poorly characterized family of conserved proteins whose founding member, MLF1, has been associated with acute myeloid leukemia in humans. To gain insight into the functions of this family, we investigated the role of the Drosophila MLF homolog during blood cell development. Here we report that mlf controls the homeostasis of the Drosophila hematopoietic system. Notably, mlf participates in a positive feedback loop to fine tune the activity of the RUNX transcription factor Lozenge (LZ) during development of the crystal cells, one of the two main blood cell lineages in Drosophila. At the molecular level, our data in cell cultures and in vivo strongly suggest that MLF controls the number of crystal cells by protecting LZ from degradation. Remarkably, it appears that the human MLF1 protein can substitute for MLF in the crystal cell lineage. In addition, MLF stabilizes the human oncogenic fusion protein RUNX1-ETO and is required for RUNX1-ETO-induced blood cell disorders in a Drosophila model of leukemia. Finally, using the human leukemic blood cell line Kasumi-1, we show that MLF1 depletion impairs RUNX1-ETO accumulation and reduces RUNX1-ETO-dependent proliferation. Thus, we propose that the regulation of RUNX protein levels is a conserved feature of MLF family members that could be critical for normal and pathological blood cell development.

cDNA Cloning, Expression Pattern, and Chromosomal Localization of Mlf1, Murine Homologue of a Gene Involved in Myelodysplasia and Acute Myeloid Leukemia

PubMed Central

Hitzler, Johann K.; Witte, David P.; Jenkins, Nancy A.; Copeland, Neal G.; Gilbert, Debra J.; Naeve, Clayton W.; Look, A. Thomas; Morris, Stephan W.

1999-01-01

The NPM-MLF1 fusion protein is expressed in blasts from patients with myelodysplasia/acute myeloid leukemia (MDS/AML) containing the t(3;5) chromosomal rearrangement. Nucleophosmin (NPM), a previously characterized nucleolar phosphoprotein, contributes to two other fusion proteins found in lympho-hematopoietic malignancies, anaplastic large cell lymphoma (NPM-ALK) and acute promyelocytic leukemia (NPM-RARα). By contrast, the function of the carboxy-terminal fusion partner, myelodysplasia/myeloid leukemia factor 1 (MLF1), is unknown. To aid in understanding normal MLF1 function, we isolated the murine cDNA, determined the chromosomal localization of Mlf1, and defined its tissue expression by in situ hybridization. Mlf1 was highly similar to its human homologue (86% and 84% identical nucleotide and amino acid sequence, respectively) and mapped to the central region of chromosome 3, within a segment lacking known mouse mutations. Mlf1 tissue distribution was restricted during both development and postnatal life, with high levels present only in skeletal, cardiac, and selected smooth muscle, gonadal tissues, and rare epithelial tissues including the nasal mucosa and the ependyma/choroid plexus in the brain. Mlf1 transcripts were undetectable in the lympho-hematopoietic organs of both the embryonic and adult mouse, suggesting that NPM-MLF1 contributes to the genesis of MDS/AML in part by enforcing the ectopic overexpression of MLF1 within hematopoietic tissues. PMID:10393836

Structural insights of the MLF1/14-3-3 interaction.

PubMed

Molzan, Manuela; Weyand, Michael; Rose, Rolf; Ottmann, Christian

2012-02-01

Myeloid leukaemia factor 1 (MLF1) binds to 14-3-3 adapter proteins by a sequence surrounding Ser34 with the functional consequences of this interaction largely unknown. We present here the high-resolution crystal structure of this binding motif [MLF1(29-42)pSer34] in complex with 14-3-3ε and analyse the interaction with isothermal titration calorimetry. Fragment-based ligand discovery employing crystals of the binary 14-3-3ε/MLF1(29-42)pSer34 complex was used to identify a molecule that binds to the interface rim of the two proteins, potentially representing the starting point for the development of a small molecule that stabilizes the MLF1/14-3-3 protein-protein interaction. Such a compound might be used as a chemical biology tool to further analyse the 14-3-3/MLF1 interaction without the use of genetic methods. Database Structural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession number(s) 3UAL [14-3-3ε/MLF1(29-42)pSer34 complex] and 3UBW [14-3-3ε/MLF1(29-42)pSer34/3-pyrrolidinol complex] Structured digital abstract •  14-3-3 epsilon and MLF1 bind by x-ray crystallography (View interaction) •  14-3-3 epsilon and MLF1 bind by isothermal titration calorimetry (View Interaction: 1, 2). © 2011 The Authors Journal compilation © 2011 FEBS.

Elevated MLF1 expression correlates with malignant progression from myelodysplastic syndrome.

PubMed

Matsumoto, N; Yoneda-Kato, N; Iguchi, T; Kishimoto, Y; Kyo, T; Sawada, H; Tatsumi, E; Fukuhara, S

2000-10-01

MLF1 is a novel protein identified as the NPM-MLF1 chimeric protein produced by a t(3;5)(q25.1;q34) chromosomal translocation, which is associated with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), often prior to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), except for M3. The clinical features of t(3;5)-positive myeloid disorders suggest that this chimeric protein is involved in dysregulation of progenitor cells with the capability to differentiate into multiple lineages. So far, involvement of wild-type MLF1 in hematopoiesis or in leukemogenesis has not been fully investigated. In the present study, 65 patients with AML and 44 patients with MDS were tested for the expression of MLF1 using the quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. A significantly higher level of MLF1 expression (ratio of MLF1/beta-actin mRNA >0.4) was readily detected in seven of 65 patients with de novo AML, three of 12 with post-MDS AML and seven of 44 with MDS, but not in any patients with ALL (n = 18). According to the FAB classification, high levels of MLF1 were found in patients with relatively immature subtypes of AML (M1, M2, M6 and M7) and high risk MDS (RAEB and RAEB-T). These findings indicate that the pattern of MLF1 expression is identical to the clinical morphology appearing in the t(3;5)-positive myeloid disorders and is correlated to the MDS-associated AML and transformation phase of MDS in t(3;5)-negative myeloid disorders. A CD34+ population of normal bone marrow cells preferentially expressed MLF1 with obviously decreasing levels of expression during maturation. Therefore, MLF1 normally functions in multi-potent progenitor cells and its dysregulation may take part in leukemogenesis from MDS.

Myeloid leukemia factor is a conserved regulator of RUNX transcription factor activity involved in hematopoiesis

PubMed Central

Bras, Stéphanie; Martin-Lannerée, Séverine; Gobert, Vanessa; Augé, Benoît; Breig, Osman; Sanial, Matthieu; Yamaguchi, Masamitsu; Haenlin, Marc; Plessis, Anne; Waltzer, Lucas

2012-01-01

Defining the function of the genes that, like RUNX1, are deregulated in blood cell malignancies represents an important challenge. Myeloid leukemia factors (MLFs) constitute a poorly characterized family of conserved proteins whose founding member, MLF1, has been associated with acute myeloid leukemia in humans. To gain insight into the functions of this family, we investigated the role of the Drosophila MLF homolog during blood cell development. Here we report that mlf controls the homeostasis of the Drosophila hematopoietic system. Notably, mlf participates in a positive feedback loop to fine tune the activity of the RUNX transcription factor Lozenge (LZ) during development of the crystal cells, one of the two main blood cell lineages in Drosophila. At the molecular level, our data in cell cultures and in vivo strongly suggest that MLF controls the number of crystal cells by protecting LZ from degradation. Remarkably, it appears that the human MLF1 protein can substitute for MLF in the crystal cell lineage. In addition, MLF stabilizes the human oncogenic fusion protein RUNX1-ETO and is required for RUNX1-ETO–induced blood cell disorders in a Drosophila model of leukemia. Finally, using the human leukemic blood cell line Kasumi-1, we show that MLF1 depletion impairs RUNX1-ETO accumulation and reduces RUNX1-ETO–dependent proliferation. Thus, we propose that the regulation of RUNX protein levels is a conserved feature of MLF family members that could be critical for normal and pathological blood cell development. PMID:22411814

Identification of parental line specific effects of MLF2 on resistance to coccidiosis in chickens

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background MLF2 was the candidate gene associated with coccidiosis resistance in chickens. Although single marker analysis supported the association between MLF2 and coccidiosis resistance, causative mutation relevant to coccidiosis was not identified yet. Thus, this study suggested segregation analysis of MLF2 haplotype and the association test of the other candidate genes using improved data transformation. Results A haplotype probably originated from one parental line was found out of 4 major haplotypes of MLF2. Frequency of this haplotype was 0.2 in parental chickens and its offspring in 12 families. Allele substitution effect of the MLF2 haplotype originated from a specific line was associated with increased body weight and fecal egg count explaining coccidiosis resistance. Nevertheless Box-Cox transformation was able to improve normality; association test did not produce obvious different results compared with analysis with log transformed phenotype. Conclusion Allele substitution effect analysis and classification of MLF2 haplotype identified the segregation of haplotype associated with coccidiosis resistance. The haplotype originated from a specific parental line was associated with improving disease resistance. Estimating effect of MLF2 haplotype on coccidiosis resistance will provide useful information for selecting animals or lines for future study. PMID:21645301

Gray correlation analysis and prediction models of living refuse generation in Shanghai city.

PubMed

Liu, Gousheng; Yu, Jianguo

2007-01-01

A better understanding of the factors that affect the generation of municipal living refuse (MLF) and the accurate prediction of its generation are crucial for municipal planning projects and city management. Up to now, most of the design efforts have been based on a rough prediction of MLF without any actual support. In this paper, based on published data of socioeconomic variables and MLF generation from 1990 to 2003 in the city of Shanghai, the main factors that affect MLF generation have been quantitatively studied using the method of gray correlation coefficient. Several gray models, such as GM(1,1), GIM(1), GPPM(1) and GLPM(1), have been studied, and predicted results are verified with subsequent residual test. Results show that, among the selected seven factors, consumption of gas, water and electricity are the largest three factors affecting MLF generation, and GLPM(1) is the optimized model to predict MLF generation. Through this model, the predicted MLF generation in 2010 in Shanghai will be 7.65 million tons. The methods and results developed in this paper can provide valuable information for MLF management and related municipal planning projects.

MLF1IP promotes normal erythroid proliferation and is involved in the pathogenesis of polycythemia vera.

PubMed

Feng, Gege; Zhang, Tianjiao; Liu, Jinqin; Ma, Xiaotang; Li, Bing; Yang, Lin; Zhang, Yue; Xu, Zefeng; Qin, Tiejun; Zhou, Jiaxi; Huang, Gang; Shi, Lihong; Xiao, Zhijian

2017-03-01

Myelodysplasia/myeloid leukemia factor 1-interacting protein (MLF1IP) appears to be an erythroid lineage-specific gene in mice; however, its role in normal erythropoiesis and erythropoietic disorders have not yet been elucidated. Here, we found that MLF1IP is abundantly expressed in human erythroid progenitor cells and that MLF1IP-deficiency reduces cell proliferation resulting from cell cycle arrest. Moreover, MLF1IP expression is exclusively elevated in CFU-E cells from polycythemia vera (PV) patients, and MLF1IP transgenic mice develop a PV-like disorder. Further analyses revealed that the erythroid progenitors and early-stage erythroblasts from these transgenic mice expand by up-regulating cyclin D2 and down-regulating p27 and p21. Thus, our data demonstrate that MLF1IP promotes erythroid proliferation and is involved in the pathogenesis of PV, suggesting that it might be a novel molecular target for erythropoietic disorders. © 2017 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.

Identification of lactic acid bacteria isolated from wine using real-time PCR.

PubMed

Kántor, Attila; Kluz, Maciej; Puchalski, Czeslaw; Terentjeva, Margarita; Kačániová, Miroslava

2016-01-01

Different lactic acid bacteria strains have been shown to cause wine spoilage, including the generation of substances undesirable for the health of wine consumers. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of selected species of heterofermentative lactobacilli, specifically Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus hilgardii, and Lactobacillus plantarum in six different Slovak red wines following the fermentation process. In order to identify the dominant Lactobacillus strain using quantitative (real time) polymerized chain reaction (qPCR) method, pure lyophilized bacterial cultures from the Czech Collection of Microorganisms were used. Six different red wine samples following malolactic fermentation were obtained from selected wineries. After collection, the samples were subjected to a classic plate dilution method for enumeration of lactobacilli cells. Real-time PCR was performed after DNA extraction from pure bacterial strains and wine samples. We used SYBR® Green master mix reagents for measuring the fluorescence in qPCR. The number of lactobacilli ranged from 3.60 to 5.02 log CFU mL(-1). Specific lactobacilli strains were confirmed by qPCR in all wine samples. The number of lactobacilli ranged from 10(3) to 10(6) CFU mL(-1). A melting curve with different melting temperatures (T(m)) of DNA amplicons was obtained after PCR for the comparison of T(m) of control and experimental portions, revealing that the most common species in wine samples was Lactobacillus plantarum with a T(m) of 84.64°C.

Symmetry of oculomotor burst neuron coordinates about Listing's plane.

PubMed

Crawford, J D; Vilis, T

1992-08-01

1. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the axes of eye rotation generated by oculomotor burst neuron populations and the coordinate system that they collectively define. In particular, we asked if such coordinates might be related to constraints in the emergent behavior, i.e., Listing's law for saccades. 2. The mesencephalic rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (riMLF) was identified in four monkeys with the use of single-unit recording, and then explored with the use of electrical microstimulation and pharmacological inactivation with the inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist muscimol. Three-dimensional (3-D) eye positions and velocities were recorded in one or both eyes while alert animals made eye movements in response to visual stimuli and head rotation. 3. Unilateral stimulation of the riMLF (20 microA, 200 Hz, 300-600 ms) produced conjugate, constant velocity eye rotations, which then stopped abruptly and held their final positions. This is expected if the riMLF produces phasic signals upstream from the oculomotor integrator. 4. Units that burst before upward or downward saccades were recorded intermingled in each side of the riMLF. Unilateral stimulation of the same riMLF sites produced eye rotations about primarily torsional axes, clockwise (CW) during right riMLF stimulation and counterclockwise (CCW) during left stimulation. Only small and inconsistent vertical components were observed, supporting the view that the riMLF carries intermingled up and down signals. 5. The torsional axes of eye rotation produced by riMLF stimulation did not correlate to external anatomic landmarks. Instead, stimulation axes from both riMLF sides aligned with the primary gaze direction orthogonal to Listing's plane of eye positions recorded during saccades. 6. Injection of muscimol into one side of the riMLF produced a conjugate deficit in saccades and quick phases, including a 50% reduction in all vertical velocities and complete loss of one torsional direction. CW was lost after right riMLF inactivation, and CCW was lost after left inactivation. 7. The plane that separated the intact torsional axes from the missing axes correlated with the orientation of Listing's plane. Thus, during left or right riMLF inactivation, the vertical axes of intact horizontal saccades were abnormally aligned with Listing's plane. The orientation of these axes was not correlated with external anatomic landmarks. 8. As suggested by their alignment with Listing's plane, the intact vertical axes of horizontal saccades following riMLF inactivation were orthogonal to torsional riMLF stimulation axes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Development of an NPM1/MLF1 D-FISH probe set for the detection of t(3;5)(q25;q35) identified in patients with acute myeloid leukemia.

PubMed

Aypar, Umut; Knudson, Ryan A; Pearce, Kathryn E; Wiktor, Anne E; Ketterling, Rhett P

2014-09-01

The t(3;5)(q25;q35) NPM1/MLF1 fusion has an incidence of approximately 0.5% in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and has an intermediate prognosis at diagnosis. We have developed a dual-color, dual-fusion fluorescence in situ hybridization (D-FISH) assay to detect fusion of the MLF1 and NPM1 genes. A blinded investigation was performed using 25 normal bone marrow specimens and 26 bone marrow samples from patients with one or more metaphases with a t(3;5)(q21-q25;q31-q35) or a der(5)t(3;5)(q21-q25;q31-q35) previously identified by chromosome analysis. Once unblinded, the results indicate our D-FISH method identified NPM1/MLF1 fusion in 15 of the 26 fully evaluated patient samples. Excluding three samples with a single abnormal t(3;5) metaphase, 15 of 17 (88%) patient samples with a balanced t(3;5) demonstrated NPM1/MLF1 fusion, and 0 of 6 patient samples with a der(5)t(3;5) demonstrated NPM1/MLF1 fusion, suggesting only the balanced form of this 3;5 translocation as observed by karyotype is associated with NPM1/MLF1 fusion. Overall, the FISH results demonstrated five different outcomes (NPM1/MLF1 fusion, MLF1 disruption, MLF1 duplication, NPM1 deletion, and normal), indicating significant molecular heterogeneity when the 3;5 translocation is identified. The development of this sensitive D-FISH strategy for the detection of NPM1/MLF1 fusion adds to the AML FISH testing repertoire and is effective in the detection of this translocation at diagnosis as well as monitoring residual disease in AML patients. Copyright © 2014 American Society for Investigative Pathology and the Association for Molecular Pathology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Drosophila myeloid leukemia factor acts with DREF to activate the JNK signaling pathway

PubMed Central

Yanai, H; Yoshioka, Y; Yoshida, H; Nakao, Y; Plessis, A; Yamaguchi, M

2014-01-01

Drosophila myelodysplasia/myeloid leukemia factor (dMLF), a homolog of human MLF1, oncogene was first identified by yeast two-hybrid screen using the DNA replication-related element-binding factor (DREF) as bait. DREF is a transcription factor that regulates proliferation-related genes in Drosophila. It is known that overexpression of dMLF in the wing imaginal discs through the engrailed-GAL4 driver causes an atrophied wing phenotype associated with the induction of apoptosis. However, the precise mechanisms involved have yet to be clarified. Here, we found the atrophied phenotype to be suppressed by loss-of-function mutation of Drosophila Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), basket (bsk). Overexpression of dMLF induced ectopic JNK activation in the wing disc monitored with the puckered-lacZ reporter line, resulting in induction of apoptosis. The DREF-binding consensus DRE sequence could be shown to exist in the bsk promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays in S2 cells with anti-dMLF IgG and quantitative real-time PCR revealed that dMLF binds specifically to the bsk promoter region containing the DRE sequence. Furthermore, using a transient luciferase expression assay, we provide evidence that knockdown of dMLF reduced bsk gene promoter activity in S2 cells. Finally, we show that dMLF interacts with DREF in vivo. Altogether, these data indicate that dMLF acts with DREF to stimulate the bsk promoter and consequently activates the JNK pathway to promote apoptosis. PMID:24752236

Drosophila myeloid leukemia factor acts with DREF to activate the JNK signaling pathway.

PubMed

Yanai, H; Yoshioka, Y; Yoshida, H; Nakao, Y; Plessis, A; Yamaguchi, M

2014-04-21

Drosophila myelodysplasia/myeloid leukemia factor (dMLF), a homolog of human MLF1, oncogene was first identified by yeast two-hybrid screen using the DNA replication-related element-binding factor (DREF) as bait. DREF is a transcription factor that regulates proliferation-related genes in Drosophila. It is known that overexpression of dMLF in the wing imaginal discs through the engrailed-GAL4 driver causes an atrophied wing phenotype associated with the induction of apoptosis. However, the precise mechanisms involved have yet to be clarified. Here, we found the atrophied phenotype to be suppressed by loss-of-function mutation of Drosophila Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), basket (bsk). Overexpression of dMLF induced ectopic JNK activation in the wing disc monitored with the puckered-lacZ reporter line, resulting in induction of apoptosis. The DREF-binding consensus DRE sequence could be shown to exist in the bsk promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays in S2 cells with anti-dMLF IgG and quantitative real-time PCR revealed that dMLF binds specifically to the bsk promoter region containing the DRE sequence. Furthermore, using a transient luciferase expression assay, we provide evidence that knockdown of dMLF reduced bsk gene promoter activity in S2 cells. Finally, we show that dMLF interacts with DREF in vivo. Altogether, these data indicate that dMLF acts with DREF to stimulate the bsk promoter and consequently activates the JNK pathway to promote apoptosis.

Application of flow cytometry to wine microorganisms.

PubMed

Longin, Cédric; Petitgonnet, Clément; Guilloux-Benatier, Michèle; Rousseaux, Sandrine; Alexandre, Hervé

2017-04-01

Flow cytometry (FCM) is a powerful technique allowing detection and enumeration of microbial populations in food and during food process. Thanks to the fluorescent dyes used and specific probes, FCM provides information about cell physiological state and allows enumeration of a microorganism in a mixed culture. Thus, this technique is increasingly used to quantify pathogen, spoilage microorganisms and microorganisms of interest. Since one decade, FCM applications to the wine field increase greatly to determine population and physiological state of microorganisms performing alcoholic and malolactic fermentations. Wine spoilage microorganisms were also studied. In this review we briefly describe FCM principles. Next, a deep revision concerning enumeration of wine microorganisms by FCM is presented including the fluorescent dyes used and techniques allowing a yeast and bacteria species specific enumeration. Then, the last chapter is dedicated to fluorescent dyes which are used to date in fluorescent microscopy but applicable in FCM. This chapter also describes other interesting "future" techniques which could be applied to study the wine microorganisms. Thus, this review seeks to highlight the main advantages of the flow cytometry applied to wine microbiology. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Non-pathogenic protein aggregates in skeletal muscle in MLF1 transgenic mice.

PubMed

Li, Zhi-Fang; Wu, Xiaohua; Jiang, Yun; Liu, Jianxiang; Wu, Chun; Inagaki, Masaki; Izawa, Ichiro; Mizisin, Andrew P; Engvall, Eva; Shelton, G Diane

2008-01-15

Protein aggregate formation in muscle is thought to be pathogenic and associated with clinical weakness. Over-expression of either wild type or a mutant form of myeloid leukemia factor 1 (MLF1) in transgenic mouse skeletal muscle and in cultured cells resulted in aggregate formation. Aggregates were detected in MLF1 transgenic mice at 6 weeks of age, and increased in size with age. However, histological examination of skeletal muscles of MLF1 transgenic mice revealed no pathological changes other than the aggregates, and RotaRod testing did not detect functional deficits. MLF1 has recently been identified as a protein that could neutralize the toxicity of intracellular protein aggregates in a Drosophila model of Huntington's disease (HD). We also demonstrate that MLF1 interacts with MRJ, a heat shock protein, which can independently neutralize the toxicity of intracellular protein aggregates in the Drosophila HD model. Our data suggest that over-expression of MLF1 has no significant impact on skeletal muscle function in mice; that progressive formation of protein aggregates in muscle are not necessarily pathogenic; and that MLF1 and MRJ may function together to ameliorate the toxic effects of polyglutamine or mutant proteins in myodegenerative diseases such as inclusion body myositis and oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy, as well as neurodegenerative disease.

Myeloid leukemia factor-1 is a novel modulator of neonatal rat cardiomyocyte proliferation.

PubMed

Rangrez, Ashraf Yusuf; Pott, Jost; Kluge, Annika; Frauen, Robert; Stiebeling, Katharina; Hoppe, Phillip; Sossalla, Samuel; Frey, Norbert; Frank, Derk

2017-04-01

The present study focuses on the identification of the gene expression profile of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRVCMs) after dynamic mechanical stretch through microarrays of RNA isolated from cells stretched for 2, 6 or 24h. In this analysis, myeloid leukemia factor-1 (MLF1) was found to be significantly downregulated during the course of stretch. We found that MLF1 is highly expressed in the heart, however, its cardiac function is unknown yet. In line with microarray data, MLF1 was profoundly downregulated in in vivo mouse models of cardiomyopathy, and also significantly reduced in the hearts of human patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Our data indicates that the overexpression of MLF1 in NRVCMs inhibited cell proliferation while augmenting apoptosis. Conversely, knockdown of MLF1 protected NRVCMs from apoptosis and promoted cell proliferation. Moreover, we found that knockdown of MLF1 protected NRVCMs from hypoxia-induced cell death. The observed accelerated apoptosis is attributed to the activation of caspase-3/-7/PARP-dependent apoptotic signaling and upregulation of p53. Most interestingly, MLF1 knockdown significantly upregulated the expression of D cyclins suggesting its possible role in cyclin-dependent cell proliferation. Taken together, we, for the first time, identified an important role for MLF1 in NRVCM proliferation. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Modulation of mutant Huntingtin aggregates and toxicity by human myeloid leukemia factors.

PubMed

Banerjee, Manisha; Datta, Moumita; Bhattacharyya, Nitai P

2017-01-01

Increased poly glutamine (polyQ) stretch at N-terminal of Huntingtin (HTT) causes Huntington's disease. HTT interacts with large number of proteins, although the preference for such interactions with wild type or mutated HTT protein remains largely unknown. HYPK, an intrinsically unstructured protein chaperone and interactor of mutant HTT was found to interact with myeloid leukemia factor 1 (MLF1) and 2 (MLF2). To identify the role of these two proteins in mutant HTT mediated aggregate formation and toxicity in a cell model, both the proteins were found to preferentially interact with the mutated N-terminal HTT. They significantly reduced the number of cells containing mutant HTT aggregates and subsequent apoptosis in Neuro2A cells. Additionally, in FRAP assay, mobile fraction of mutant HTT aggregates was increased in the presence of MLF1 or MLF2. Further, MLF1 could release transcription factors like p53, CBP and CREB from mutant HTT aggregates. Moreover, in HeLa cell co-expressing mutant HTT exon1 and full length MLF1, p53 was released from the aggregates, leading to the recovery of the expression of the GADD45A transcript, a p53 regulated gene. Taking together, these results showed that MLF1 and MLF2 modulated the formation of aggregates and induction of apoptosis as well as the expressions of genes indirectly. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Myeloid Leukemia Factor Acts in a Chaperone Complex to Regulate Transcription Factor Stability and Gene Expression.

PubMed

Dyer, Jamie O; Dutta, Arnob; Gogol, Madelaine; Weake, Vikki M; Dialynas, George; Wu, Xilan; Seidel, Christopher; Zhang, Ying; Florens, Laurence; Washburn, Michael P; Abmayr, Susan M; Workman, Jerry L

2017-06-30

Mutations that affect myelodysplasia/myeloid leukemia factor (MLF) proteins are associated with leukemia and several other cancers. However, with no strong homology to other proteins of known function, the role of MLF proteins in the cell has remained elusive. Here, we describe a proteomics approach that identifies MLF as a member of a nuclear chaperone complex containing a DnaJ protein, BCL2-associated anthanogene 2, and Hsc70. This complex associates with chromatin and regulates the expression of target genes. The MLF complex is bound to sites of nucleosome depletion and sites containing active chromatin marks (e.g., H3K4me3 and H3K4me1). Hence, MLF binding is enriched at promoters and enhancers. Additionally, the MLF-chaperone complex functions to regulate transcription factor stability, including the RUNX transcription factor involved in hematopoiesis. Although Hsc70 and other co-chaperones have been shown to play a role in nuclear translocation of a variety of proteins including transcription factors, our findings suggest that MLF and the associated co-chaperones play a direct role in modulating gene transcription. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Functional Validation of ABCA3 as a Miltefosine Transporter in Human Macrophages: IMPACT ON INTRACELLULAR SURVIVAL OF LEISHMANIA (VIANNIA) PANAMENSIS.

PubMed

Dohmen, Luuk C T; Navas, Adriana; Vargas, Deninson Alejandro; Gregory, David J; Kip, Anke; Dorlo, Thomas P C; Gomez, Maria Adelaida

2016-04-29

Within its mammalian host, Leishmania resides and replicates as an intracellular parasite. The direct activity of antileishmanials must therefore depend on intracellular drug transport, metabolism, and accumulation within the host cell. In this study, we explored the role of human macrophage transporters in the intracellular accumulation and antileishmanial activity of miltefosine (MLF), the only oral drug available for the treatment of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Membrane transporter gene expression in primary human macrophages infected in vitro with Leishmania Viannia panamensis and exposed to MLF showed modulation of ABC and solute liquid carrier transporters gene transcripts. Among these, ABCA3, a lipid transporter, was significantly induced after exposure to MLF, and this induction was confirmed in primary macrophages from CL patients. Functional validation of MLF as a substrate for ABCA3 was performed by shRNA gene knockdown (KD) in THP-1 monocytes. Intracellular accumulation of radiolabeled MLF was significantly higher in ABCA3(KD) macrophages. ABCA3(KD) resulted in increased cytotoxicity induced by MLF exposure. ABCA3 gene expression inversely correlated with intracellular MLF content in primary macrophages from CL patients. ABCA3(KD) reduced parasite survival during macrophage infection with an L. V. panamensis strain exhibiting low in vitro susceptibility to MLF. Confocal microscopy showed ABCA3 to be located in the cell membrane of resting macrophages and in intracellular compartments in L. V. panamensis-infected cells. These results provide evidence of ABCA3 as an MLF efflux transporter in human macrophages and support its role in the direct antileishmanial effect of this alkylphosphocholine drug. © 2016 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

Characterisation of group behaviour surface texturing with multi-layers fitting method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kang, Zhengyang; Fu, Yonghong; Ji, Jinghu; Wang, Hao

2016-07-01

Surface texturing was widely applied in improving the tribological properties of mechanical components, but study of measurement of this technology was still insufficient. This study proposed the multi-layers fitting (MLF) method to characterise the dimples array texture surface. Based on the synergistic effect among the dimples, the 3D morphology of texture surface was rebuilt by 2D stylus profiler in the MLF method. The feasible regions of texture patterns and sensitive parameters were confirmed by non-linear programming, and the processing software of MLF method was developed based on the Matlab®. The characterisation parameters system of dimples was defined mathematically, and the accuracy of MLF method was investigated by comparison experiment. The surface texture specimens were made by laser surface texturing technology, in which high consistency of dimples' size and distribution was achieved. Then, 2D profiles of different dimples were captured by employing Hommel-T1000 stylus profiler, and the data were further processed by MLF software to rebuild 3D morphology of single dimple. The experiment results indicated that the MLF characterisation results were similar to those of Wyko T1100, the white light interference microscope. It was also found that the stability of MLF characterisation results highly depended on the number of captured cross-sections.

Myeloid Leukemia Factor 1 inhibits erythropoietin-induced differentiation, cell cycle exit and p27Kip1 accumulation.

PubMed

Winteringham, Louise Natalie; Kobelke, Simon; Williams, James Howard; Ingley, Evan; Klinken, Svend Peter

2004-06-24

Myeloid leukemia factor 1 (MLF1) is a novel oncoprotein involved in translocations associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), especially erythroleukemias. In this study, we demonstrate that ectopic expression of Mlf1 prevented J2E erythroleukemic cells from undergoing biological and morphological maturation in response to erythropoietin (Epo). We show that Mlf1 inhibited Epo-induced cell cycle exit and suppressed a rise in the cell cycle inhibitor p27(Kip1). Unlike differentiating J2E cells, Mlf1-expressing cells did not downregulate Cul1 and Skp2, components of the ubiquitin E3 ligase complex SCF(Skp2) involved in the proteasomal degradation of p27(Kip1). In contrast, Mlf1 did not interfere with increases in p27(Kip1) and terminal differentiation initiated by thyroid hormone withdrawal from erythroid cells, or cytokine-stimulated maturation of myeloid cells. These data demonstrate that Mlf1 interferes with an Epo-responsive pathway involving p27(Kip1) accumulation, which inhibits cell cycle arrest essential for erythroid terminal differentiation.

Control of RUNX-induced repression of Notch signaling by MLF and its partner DnaJ-1 during Drosophila hematopoiesis

PubMed Central

Gobert, Vanessa; Augé, Benoit; Burlet-Schiltz, Odile; Haenlin, Marc

2017-01-01

A tight regulation of transcription factor activity is critical for proper development. For instance, modifications of RUNX transcription factors dosage are associated with several diseases, including hematopoietic malignancies. In Drosophila, Myeloid Leukemia Factor (MLF) has been shown to control blood cell development by stabilizing the RUNX transcription factor Lozenge (Lz). However, the mechanism of action of this conserved family of proteins involved in leukemia remains largely unknown. Here we further characterized MLF’s mode of action in Drosophila blood cells using proteomic, transcriptomic and genetic approaches. Our results show that MLF and the Hsp40 co-chaperone family member DnaJ-1 interact through conserved domains and we demonstrate that both proteins bind and stabilize Lz in cell culture, suggesting that MLF and DnaJ-1 form a chaperone complex that directly regulates Lz activity. Importantly, dnaj-1 loss causes an increase in Lz+ blood cell number and size similarly as in mlf mutant larvae. Moreover we find that dnaj-1 genetically interacts with mlf to control Lz level and Lz+ blood cell development in vivo. In addition, we show that mlf and dnaj-1 loss alters Lz+ cell differentiation and that the increase in Lz+ blood cell number and size observed in these mutants is caused by an overactivation of the Notch signaling pathway. Finally, using different conditions to manipulate Lz activity, we show that high levels of Lz are required to repress Notch transcription and signaling. All together, our data indicate that the MLF/DnaJ-1-dependent increase in Lz level allows the repression of Notch expression and signaling to prevent aberrant blood cell development. Thus our findings establish a functional link between MLF and the co-chaperone DnaJ-1 to control RUNX transcription factor activity and Notch signaling during blood cell development in vivo. PMID:28742844

Myeloid leukemia factor 1 stabilizes tumor suppressor C/EBPα to prevent Trib1-driven acute myeloid leukemia.

PubMed

Nakamae, Ikuko; Kato, Jun-Ya; Yokoyama, Takashi; Ito, Hidenori; Yoneda-Kato, Noriko

2017-09-12

C/EBPα is a key transcription factor regulating myeloid differentiation and leukemogenesis. The Trib1-COP1 complex is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets C/EBPα for degradation, and its overexpression specifically induces acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here we show that myeloid leukemia factor 1 (MLF1) stabilizes C/EBPα protein levels by inhibiting the ligase activity of the Trib1-COP1 complex. MLF1 directly interacts with COP1 in the nucleus and interferes with the formation of the Trib1-COP1 complex, thereby blocking its ability to polyubiquitinate C/EBPα for degradation. MLF1 overexpression suppressed the Trib1-induced growth advantage in a murine bone marrow (BM) culture and Trib1-induced AML development in BM-transplanted mouse models. MLF1 was expressed in hematopoietic stem cells and myeloid progenitors (common myeloid progenitors and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors) in normal hematopoiesis, which is consistent with the distribution of C/EBPα. An MLF1 deficiency conferred a more immature phenotype on Trib1-induced AML development. A higher expression ratio of Trib1 to MLF1 was a key determinant for AML development in mouse models, which was also confirmed in human patient samples with acute leukemia. These results indicate that MLF1 is a positive regulator that is critical for C/EBPα stability in the early phases of hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis.

Myeloid leukemia factor 1 stabilizes tumor suppressor C/EBPα to prevent Trib1-driven acute myeloid leukemia

PubMed Central

Nakamae, Ikuko; Kato, Jun-ya; Yokoyama, Takashi; Ito, Hidenori

2017-01-01

C/EBPα is a key transcription factor regulating myeloid differentiation and leukemogenesis. The Trib1-COP1 complex is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets C/EBPα for degradation, and its overexpression specifically induces acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here we show that myeloid leukemia factor 1 (MLF1) stabilizes C/EBPα protein levels by inhibiting the ligase activity of the Trib1-COP1 complex. MLF1 directly interacts with COP1 in the nucleus and interferes with the formation of the Trib1-COP1 complex, thereby blocking its ability to polyubiquitinate C/EBPα for degradation. MLF1 overexpression suppressed the Trib1-induced growth advantage in a murine bone marrow (BM) culture and Trib1-induced AML development in BM-transplanted mouse models. MLF1 was expressed in hematopoietic stem cells and myeloid progenitors (common myeloid progenitors and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors) in normal hematopoiesis, which is consistent with the distribution of C/EBPα. An MLF1 deficiency conferred a more immature phenotype on Trib1-induced AML development. A higher expression ratio of Trib1 to MLF1 was a key determinant for AML development in mouse models, which was also confirmed in human patient samples with acute leukemia. These results indicate that MLF1 is a positive regulator that is critical for C/EBPα stability in the early phases of hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. PMID:29296815

Event Recording Data Acquisition System and Experiment Data Management System for Neutron Experiments at MLF, J-PARC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nakatani, T.; Inamura, Y.; Moriyama, K.; Ito, T.; Muto, S.; Otomo, T.

Neutron scattering can be a powerful probe in the investigation of many phenomena in the materials and life sciences. The Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) is a leading center of experimental neutron science and boasts one of the most intense pulsed neutron sources in the world. The MLF currently has 18 experimental instruments in operation that support a wide variety of users from across a range of research fields. The instruments include optical elements, sample environment apparatus and detector systems that are controlled and monitored electronically throughout an experiment. Signals from these components and those from the neutron source are converted into a digital format by the data acquisition (DAQ) electronics and recorded as time-tagged event data in the DAQ computers using "DAQ-Middleware". Operating in event mode, the DAQ system produces extremely large data files (˜GB) under various measurement conditions. Simultaneously, the measurement meta-data indicating each measurement condition is recorded in XML format by the MLF control software framework "IROHA". These measurement event data and meta-data are collected in the MLF common storage and cataloged by the MLF Experimental Database (MLF EXP-DB) based on a commercial XML database. The system provides a web interface for users to manage and remotely analyze experimental data.

Effect of micro-oxygenation and wood type on the phenolic composition and color of an aged red wine.

PubMed

Sánchez-Iglesias, Montserrat; González-Sanjosé, Ma Luisa; Pérez-Magariño, Silvia; Ortega-Heras, Miriam; González-Huerta, Carlos

2009-12-23

Many studies have recently been published focused on the effects of micro-oxygenation on the quality of wines, its application modes, and doses, etc. However, there are still few scientific papers on how previously micro-oxygenated wines perform during storage or barrel aging. This study focused on the evolution of the phenolic composition, especially of anthocyanins, and color, together with astringency and tannins, during micro-oxygenation before barrel aging. In addition, to evaluate whether wine evolution during aging depends on barrel type, wines were aged in four different oak barrel types. Tempranillo wines, some micro-oxygenated before malolactic fermentation and others not, were aged for 12 months in American, French, Central European, and Spanish oak, following wine evolution during that period. The study was carried out for two consecutive vintages. Results showed that all wines evolved similarly; therefore, the micro-oxygenation treatment neither accelerated nor delayed the typical changes of aging. Slightly different evolutions were detected according to the barrel wood type, whether or not the wine was micro-oxygenated. The varied evolutions must therefore be associated with the differences from each oak type (structure, grain and density, composition, etc.).

Detection of NPM/MLF1 fusion in t(3;5)-positive acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplasia.

PubMed

Arber, Daniel A; Chang, Karen L; Lyda, Mark H; Bedell, Victoria; Spielberger, Ricardo; Slovak, Marilyn L

2003-08-01

Balanced translocations are rare in myelodysplasia (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with multilineage dysplasia; however, the t(3;5)(q25;q35) and insertion variant occur in a subset of patients. To evaluate the possible genes involved in this translocation, we studied 6 cases with a t(3;5) by fluorescence in situ hybridization with probes directed against the nucleophosmin (NPM), EVI1, and Ribophorin genes, as well as a newly developed myeloid leukemia factor 1 (MLF1) BAC clone. The histologic spectrum of the cases was variable, ranging from refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia to AML with multilineage dysplasia in the World Health Organization classification. An NPM/MLF1 fusion was identified in 5 of 6 cases, whereas the EVI1 and Ribophorin genes were not involved in any of the cases. The NPM/MLF1-positive cases were predominantly young adult males (median age, 33 years) who responded well to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These findings suggest that an NPM/MLF1 fusion is the primary molecular abnormality in t(3;5) MDS and AML with multilineage dysplasia, and also that cases with NPM/MLF1 may be clinically distinct from other MDS-associated disease.

Codeswitching and Generative Grammar: A Critique of the MLF Model and Some Remarks on "Modified Minimalism"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

MacSwan, Jeff

2005-01-01

This article presents an empirical and theoretical critique of the Matrix Language Frame (MLF) model (Myers-Scotton, 1993; Myers-Scotton and Jake, 2001), and includes a response to Jake, Myers-Scotton and Gross's (2002) (JMSG) critique of MacSwan (1999, 2000) and reactions to their revision of the MLF model as a "modified minimalist approach." The…

Suppression of polyglutamine toxicity by a Drosophila homolog of myeloid leukemia factor 1.

PubMed

Kazemi-Esfarjani, Parsa; Benzer, Seymour

2002-10-01

The toxicity of an abnormally long polyglutamine [poly(Q)] tract within specific proteins is the molecular lesion shared by Huntington's disease (HD) and several other hereditary neurodegenerative disorders. By a genetic screen in Drosophila, devised to uncover genes that suppress poly(Q) toxicity, we discovered a Drosophila homolog of human myeloid leukemia factor 1 (MLF1). Expression of the Drosophila homolog (dMLF) ameliorates the toxicity of poly(Q) expressed in the eye and central nervous system. In the retina, whether endogenously or ectopically expressed, dMLF co-localized with aggregates, suggesting that dMLF alone, or through an intermediary molecular partner, may suppress toxicity by sequestering poly(Q) and/or its aggregates.

Identification of novel nuclear localization signals of Drosophila myeloid leukemia factor.

PubMed

Sugano, Wakana; Yamaguchi, Masamitsu

2007-01-01

Myeloid leukemia factor 1 (MLF1) was first identified as part of a leukemic fusion protein produced by a chromosomal translocation, and MLF family proteins are present in many animals. In mammalian cells, MLF1 has been described as mainly cytoplasmic, but in Drosophila, one of the dMLF isoforms (dMLFA) localized mainly in the nucleus while the other isoform (dMLFB), that appears to be produced by the alternative splicing, displays both nuclear and cytoplasmic localization. To investigate the difference in subcellular localization between MLF family members, we examined the subcellular localization of deletion mutants of dMLFA isoform. The analyses showed that the C-terminal 40 amino acid region of dMLFA is necessary and sufficient for nuclear localization. Based on amino acid sequences, we hypothesized that two nuclear localization signals (NLSs) are present within the region. Site-directed mutagenesis of critical residues within the two putative NLSs leads to loss of nuclear localization, suggesting that both NLS motifs are necessary for nuclear localization.

Effect of fibre treatments on tensile properties of ethylene vinyl acetate/natural rubber/mengkuang leaf fibre (EVA/NR/MLF) thermoplastic elastomer composites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hashim, Faiezah; Ismail, Hanafi; Rusli, Arjulizan

2017-07-01

Nowadays, a great attention has been dedicated to natural fibers as reinforcement for polymer composites. Natural fibers, compared to glass fibers, exhibit better mechanical properties, such as stiffness, impact strength, flexibility and modulus. However, certain drawbacks, such as the incompatibility between fibers and polymer matrices, the tendency to form aggregates during processing and the poor resistance to moisture, reduce the use of these natural fibers as reinforcements in polymers. Several treatments and modifications are being used to improve the adhesion between fibre and matrix. In this work, the effect of bleaching treatments using hydrogen peroxide in the Mengkuang leaf fibre (MLF) was evaluated on tensile properties of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA)/Natural Rubber (NR)/MLF composites. Treated MLF were mixed with the EVA/NR blend in Haake internal mixer at 120 °C and rotor speed of 50 rpm for 10 minutes. Fibre morphology and the fibre/matrix interface ware further characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The tensile strength was increased by about 8% as compared to the composites with untreated fibers. The increased adhesion between fiber and matrix was also observed by SEM. Thus, EVA/NR/MLF composites reinforced with the treated fibres exhibited better tensile properties than untreated EVA/NR/MLF composites.

Relationship between Menthiafolic Acid and Wine Lactone in Wine.

PubMed

Giaccio, Joanne; Curtin, Chris D; Sefton, Mark A; Taylor, Dennis K

2015-09-23

Menthiafolic acid (6-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylocta-2,7-dienoic acid, 2a) was quantified by GC-MS in 28 white wines, 4 Shiraz wines, and for the first time in 6 white grape juice samples. Menthiafolic acid was detected in all but one of the wine samples at concentrations ranging from 26 to 342 μg/L and in the juice samples from 16 to 236 μg/L. Various model fermentation experiments showed that some menthiafolic acid in wine could be generated from the grape-derived menthiafolic acid glucose ester (2b) during alcoholic and malolactic fermentation. Samples containing high concentrations of menthiafolic acid were also analyzed by enantioselective GC-MS and were shown to contain this compound in predominantly the (S)-configuration. Enantioselective analysis of wine lactone (1) in one of these samples, a four-year-old Chardonnay wine showed, for the first time, the presence of the 3R,3aR,7aS isomer of wine lactone (1b), which is the enantiomer of the form previously reported as the sole isomer present in young wine samples. The weakly odorous 3R,3aR,7aS 1b form comprised 69% of the total wine lactone in the sample. On the basis of the enantioselectivity of the hydrolytic conversion of menthiafolic acid to wine lactone at pH 3.0 determined previously and the relative proportions of (R)- and (S)-menthiafolic acid in the Chardonnay wine, the predicted ratio of wine lactone enantiomers that would be formed from hydrolysis at ambient temperature of the menthiafolic acid present in this wine was close to the ratio measured, which was consistent with menthiafolic acid being the major or sole precursor to wine lactone in this sample.

Yeast alter micro-oxygenation of wine: oxygen consumption and aldehyde production.

PubMed

Han, Guomin; Webb, Michael R; Richter, Chandra; Parsons, Jessica; Waterhouse, Andrew L

2017-08-01

Micro-oxygenation (MOx) is a common winemaking treatment used to improve red wine color development and diminish vegetal aroma, amongst other effects. It is commonly applied to wine immediately after yeast fermentation (phase 1) or later, during aging (phase 2). Although most winemakers avoid MOx during malolactic (ML) fermentation, it is often not possible to avoid because ML bacteria are often present during phase 1 MOx treatment. We investigated the effect of common yeast and bacteria on the outcome of micro-oxygenation. Compared to sterile filtered wine, Saccharomyces cerevisiae inoculation significantly increased oxygen consumption, keeping dissolved oxygen in wine below 30 µg L -1 during micro-oxygenation, whereas Oenococcus oeni inoculation was not associated with a significant impact on the concentration of dissolved oxygen. The unfiltered baseline wine also had both present, although with much higher populations of bacteria and consumed oxygen. The yeast-treated wine yielded much higher levels of acetaldehyde, rising from 4.3 to 29 mg L -1 during micro-oxygenation, whereas no significant difference was found between the bacteria-treated wine and the filtered control. The unfiltered wine exhibited rapid oxygen consumption but no additional acetaldehyde, as well as reduced pyruvate. Analysis of the acetaldehyde-glycerol acetal levels showed a good correlation with acetaldehyde concentrations. The production of acetaldehyde is a key outcome of MOx and it is dramatically increased in the presence of yeast, although it is possibly counteracted by the metabolism of O. oeni bacteria. Additional controlled experiments are necessary to clarify the interaction of yeast and bacteria during MOx treatments. Analysis of the glycerol acetals may be useful as a proxy for acetaldehyde levels. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Flavor profiling of apple ciders from the UK and Scandinavian region.

PubMed

Qin, Zihan; Petersen, Mikael A; Bredie, Wender L P

2018-03-01

The aim of this study was to characterize the flavor profiles of 14 commercial apple ciders from the United Kingdom and Scandinavian region. The flavor properties were established by sensory profiling and analysis of volatile and non-volatile components, including titratable acidity, pH, residual sugars and organic acids. A total of 72 volatile compounds were identified in the 14 apple ciders using dynamic headspace sampling (DHS) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The main volatile compounds found in apple ciders were esters and higher alcohols, followed by aldehydes and fatty acids. Sensory characterizations of the aroma and taste of apple ciders were carried out by a trained sensory panel using descriptive analysis with 23 sensory attributes. The attributes apple, cooked apple, yeasty, sweet and sour were the most predominant sensory descriptors used to describe the similarities and differences in the samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that floral and fruity (fresh apple, banana and pear) odors were highly associated with sweet taste and opposed to the more complex aroma attributes (yeasty, lactic, chemical, mouldy, black pepper and earthy) and sour taste. Most of the UK apple ciders were characterized by these complex odors and taste notes sour, astringent and bitter, whereas ciders from the Scandinavian region had diverse sensory profiles. Partial least squares regression (PLS) based on the sensory and chemical data was able to cluster the ciders according to differences in production methods (oak-aged or spontaneous fermentation; controlled malolactic fermentation; industrial production with flavor modifications). Moreover, this study also suggested that ciders with marked levels of acetate esters were characterized by cooked/fresh apple, citrus and tropical fruit odors. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Detection of t(3;5) and NPM1/MLF1 rearrangement in an elderly patient with acute myeloid leukemia: clinical and laboratory study with review of the literature.

PubMed

Lim, Gayoung; Choi, Jong Rak; Kim, Min Jin; Kim, So Young; Lee, Hee Joo; Suh, Jin-Tae; Yoon, Hwi-Joong; Lee, Juhie; Lee, Sanggyu; Lee, Woo-In; Park, Tae Sung

2010-06-01

We present a novel case of acute myeloid leukemia with an NPM1/MLF1 rearrangement in a 78-year-old Korean woman. The bone marrow chromosome study showed a complex karyotype: 46,XX,t(2;13) (q13;q32),der(3)t(3;5)(q25.1;q34),der(5)del(5)(?q31q34)t(3;5),inv(9)(p11q13)c,del(20)(q11.2)[13]/49,idem,+5,+8,+der(13)t(2;13)[7]. Multiplex gene rearrangement testing, cloning, and sequencing analyses revealed an NPM1/MLF1 fusion rearrangement between exon 6 of NPM1 (ENSG00000181163) and exon 2 of MLF1 (ENSG00000178053). Although t(3;5)(q25.1;q34) or the NPM1/MLF1 rearrangement has been reported mostly as a sole karyotypic abnormality in younger patients, it should also be considered in elderly patients with complex chromosomal abnormalities in acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Discovery and Classification of the z=1.86 SLSNe: DES15E2mlf

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pan, Y.-C.; Foley, R. J.; Galbany, L.; Gonzalez-Gaitan, S.; Forster, F.; Hamuy, M.; Prieto, J. L.; Yuan, F.; Tucker, B. E.; Lidman, C.; Martini, P.; Gshwend, Julia; Moller, A.; Zhang, B.; Desai, S.; Paech, K.; Smith, R. C.; Schubnell, M.; Kessler, R.; Lasker, J.; Scolnic, D.; Brout, D. J.; Gladney, L.; Sako, M.; Wolf, R. C.; Brown, P. J.; Krisciunas, K.; Suntzeff, N.; Nichol, R.; Papadopoulos, A.; Childress, M.; D'Andrea, C.; Prajs, S.; Smith, M.; Sullivan, M.; Maartens, R.; Gupta, R.; Kovacs, E.; Kuhlmann, S.; Spinka, H.; Ahn, E.; Finley, D. A.; Frieman, J.; Marriner, J.; Wester, W.; Aldering, G.; Kim, A. G.; Thomas, R. C.; Barbary, K.; Bloom, J. S.; Goldstein, D.; Nugent, P.; Perlmutter, S.; Casas, R.; Castander, F. J.

2015-12-01

We report the spectroscopic classification of DES15E2mlf as a superluminous supernova (SLSN) discovered by the Dark Energy Survey (ATEL #4668). DES15E2mlf was discovered on 7 November 2015 at R.A. = 00:41:33.40, Decl = -43:27:17.2 with r = 24.1 mag. We obtained spectra using GMOS on Gemini-South (520-990nm) on 06 December 2015 which indicated a redshift of z = 1.86 from Mg II 2800 absorption.

Common variants upstream of MLF1 at 3q25 and within CPZ at 4p16 associated with neuroblastoma.

PubMed

McDaniel, Lee D; Conkrite, Karina L; Chang, Xiao; Capasso, Mario; Vaksman, Zalman; Oldridge, Derek A; Zachariou, Anna; Horn, Millicent; Diamond, Maura; Hou, Cuiping; Iolascon, Achille; Hakonarson, Hakon; Rahman, Nazneen; Devoto, Marcella; Diskin, Sharon J

2017-05-01

Neuroblastoma is a cancer of the developing sympathetic nervous system that most commonly presents in young children and accounts for approximately 12% of pediatric oncology deaths. Here, we report on a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a discovery cohort or 2,101 cases and 4,202 controls of European ancestry. We identify two new association signals at 3q25 and 4p16 that replicated robustly in multiple independent cohorts comprising 1,163 cases and 4,396 controls (3q25: rs6441201 combined P = 1.2x10-11, Odds Ratio 1.23, 95% CI:1.16-1.31; 4p16: rs3796727 combined P = 1.26x10-12, Odds Ratio 1.30, 95% CI: 1.21-1.40). The 4p16 signal maps within the carboxypeptidase Z (CPZ) gene. The 3q25 signal resides within the arginine/serine-rich coiled-coil 1 (RSRC1) gene and upstream of the myeloid leukemia factor 1 (MLF1) gene. Increased expression of MLF1 was observed in neuroblastoma cells homozygous for the rs6441201 risk allele (P = 0.02), and significant growth inhibition was observed upon depletion of MLF1 (P < 0.0001) in neuroblastoma cells. Taken together, we show that common DNA variants within CPZ at 4p16 and upstream of MLF1 at 3q25 influence neuroblastoma susceptibility and MLF1 likely plays an important role in neuroblastoma tumorigenesis.

Common variants upstream of MLF1 at 3q25 and within CPZ at 4p16 associated with neuroblastoma

PubMed Central

Capasso, Mario; Vaksman, Zalman; Zachariou, Anna; Horn, Millicent; Diamond, Maura; Hou, Cuiping; Iolascon, Achille; Hakonarson, Hakon; Rahman, Nazneen

2017-01-01

Neuroblastoma is a cancer of the developing sympathetic nervous system that most commonly presents in young children and accounts for approximately 12% of pediatric oncology deaths. Here, we report on a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a discovery cohort or 2,101 cases and 4,202 controls of European ancestry. We identify two new association signals at 3q25 and 4p16 that replicated robustly in multiple independent cohorts comprising 1,163 cases and 4,396 controls (3q25: rs6441201 combined P = 1.2x10-11, Odds Ratio 1.23, 95% CI:1.16–1.31; 4p16: rs3796727 combined P = 1.26x10-12, Odds Ratio 1.30, 95% CI: 1.21–1.40). The 4p16 signal maps within the carboxypeptidase Z (CPZ) gene. The 3q25 signal resides within the arginine/serine-rich coiled-coil 1 (RSRC1) gene and upstream of the myeloid leukemia factor 1 (MLF1) gene. Increased expression of MLF1 was observed in neuroblastoma cells homozygous for the rs6441201 risk allele (P = 0.02), and significant growth inhibition was observed upon depletion of MLF1 (P < 0.0001) in neuroblastoma cells. Taken together, we show that common DNA variants within CPZ at 4p16 and upstream of MLF1 at 3q25 influence neuroblastoma susceptibility and MLF1 likely plays an important role in neuroblastoma tumorigenesis. PMID:28545128

Fundamental techniques for resolution enhancement of average subsampled images

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shen, Day-Fann; Chiu, Chui-Wen

2012-07-01

Although single image resolution enhancement, otherwise known as super-resolution, is widely regarded as an ill-posed inverse problem, we re-examine the fundamental relationship between a high-resolution (HR) image acquisition module and its low-resolution (LR) counterpart. Analysis shows that partial HR information is attenuated but still exists, in its LR version, through the fundamental averaging-and-subsampling process. As a result, we propose a modified Laplacian filter (MLF) and an intensity correction process (ICP) as the pre and post process, respectively, with an interpolation algorithm to partially restore the attenuated information in a super-resolution (SR) enhanced image image. Experiments show that the proposed MLF and ICP provide significant and consistent quality improvements on all 10 test images with three well known interpolation methods including bilinear, bi-cubic, and the SR graphical user interface program provided by Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne. The proposed MLF and ICP are simple in implementation and generally applicable to all average-subsampled LR images. MLF and ICP, separately or together, can be integrated into most interpolation methods that attempt to restore the original HR contents. Finally, the idea of MLF and ICP can also be applied for average, subsampled one-dimensional signal.

Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF) as a Regulator of Lactogenic Differentiation

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-06-09

1 1.62 Myeloid leukemia factor 1, Mlf1 1.57 ADAMTS-l4 1.55 E2F transcription factor, E2F2 1.44 Tensin 4 -1.5 BCL2/adenovirus E1B interacting... Mlf1 1.57 ADAMTS-l4 1.55 Ras homolog gene family, member B, RhoB 1.48 Cell Differentiation-associated Wingless-type MMTV integration site family...B, relB 1.92 Myeloid leukemia factor 1, Mlf1 1.57 Growth Factor, Catalytic Activity-associated Dual specificity protein phosphatase 8, Dusp8

DES15E2mlf: a spectroscopically confirmed superluminous supernova that exploded 3.5 Gyr after the big bang

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pan, Y.-C.; Foley, R. J.; Smith, M.; Galbany, L.; D'Andrea, C. B.; González-Gaitán, S.; Jarvis, M. J.; Kessler, R.; Kovacs, E.; Lidman, C. Nichol, R. C.; Papadopoulos, A.; Sako, M.; Sullivan, M.; Abbott, T. M. C.; Abdalla, F. B.; Annis, J.; Bechtol, K.; Benoit-Lévy, A.; Brooks, D.; Buckley-Geer, E.; Burke, D. L.; Carnero Rosell, A.; Carrasco Kind, M.; Carretero, J.; Castander, F. J.; Cunha, C. E.; da Costa, L. N.; Desai, S.; Diehl, H. T.; Doel, P.; Eifler, T. F.; Finley, D. A.; Flaugher, B.; Frieman, J.; García-Bellido, J.; Goldstein, D. A.; Gruen, D.; Gruendl, R. A.; Gschwend, J.; Gutierrez, G.; James, D. J.; Kim, A. G.; Krause, E.; Kuehn, K.; Kuropatkin, N.; Lahav, O.; Lima, M.; Maia, M. A. G.; March, M.; Marshall, J. L.; Martini, P.; Miquel, R.; Nugent, P.; Plazas, A. A.; Romer, A. K.; Sanchez, E.; Scarpine, V.; Schubnell, M.; Sevilla-Noarbe, I.; Smith, R. C.; Sobreira, F.; Suchyta, E.; Swanson, M. E. C.; Thomas, R. C.; Walker, A. R.; DES Collaboration

2017-10-01

We present the Dark Energy Survey (DES) discovery of DES15E2mlf, the most distant superluminous supernova (SLSN) spectroscopically confirmed to date. The light curves and Gemini spectroscopy of DES15E2mlf indicate that it is a Type I superluminous supernova (SLSN-I) at z = 1.861 (a lookback time of ˜10 Gyr) and peaking at MAB = -22.3 ± 0.1 mag. Given the high redshift, our data probe the rest-frame ultraviolet (1400-3500 Å) properties of the SN, finding velocity of the C III feature changes by ˜5600 km s- 1 over 14 d around maximum light. We find the host galaxy of DES15E2mlf has a stellar mass of 3.5^{+3.6}_{-2.4} × 109 M⊙, which is more massive than the typical SLSN-I host galaxy.

DES15E2mlf: A Spectroscopically Confirmed Superluminous Supernova that Exploded 3.5 Gyr After the Big Bang

DOE PAGES

Pan, Y. -C.; Foley, R. J.; Smith, M.; ...

2017-06-13

We present the Dark Energy Survey (DES) discovery of DES15E2mlf, the most distant superluminous supernova (SLSN) spectroscopically con rmed to date. The light curves and Gemini spectroscopy of DES15E2mlf indicate that it is a Type I superluminous supernova (SLSN-I) at z = 1:861 (a lookback time of 10 Gyr) and peaking at MAB = -22:3 0:1 mag. Given the high redshift, our data probe the rest-frame ultraviolet (1400{3500 A) properties of the SN, nding velocity of the Ciii feature changes by 5600kms -1 over 14 days around maximum light. We nd the host galaxy of DES15E2mlf has a stellar massmore » of 3:5+3:6 -2:4 109 M , which is more massive than the typical SLSN-I host galaxy.« less

DES15E2mlf: A Spectroscopically Confirmed Superluminous Supernova that Exploded 3.5 Gyr After the Big Bang

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pan, Y. -C.; Foley, R. J.; Smith, M.

We present the Dark Energy Survey (DES) discovery of DES15E2mlf, the most distant superluminous supernova (SLSN) spectroscopically con rmed to date. The light curves and Gemini spectroscopy of DES15E2mlf indicate that it is a Type I superluminous supernova (SLSN-I) at z = 1:861 (a lookback time of 10 Gyr) and peaking at MAB = -22:3 0:1 mag. Given the high redshift, our data probe the rest-frame ultraviolet (1400{3500 A) properties of the SN, nding velocity of the Ciii feature changes by 5600kms -1 over 14 days around maximum light. We nd the host galaxy of DES15E2mlf has a stellar massmore » of 3:5+3:6 -2:4 109 M , which is more massive than the typical SLSN-I host galaxy.« less

The microbial ecology of wine grape berries.

PubMed

Barata, A; Malfeito-Ferreira, M; Loureiro, V

2012-02-15

Grapes have a complex microbial ecology including filamentous fungi, yeasts and bacteria with different physiological characteristics and effects upon wine production. Some species are only found in grapes, such as parasitic fungi and environmental bacteria, while others have the ability to survive and grow in wines, constituting the wine microbial consortium. This consortium covers yeast species, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria. The proportion of these microorganisms depends on the grape ripening stage and on the availability of nutrients. Grape berries are susceptible to fungal parasites until véraison after which the microbiota of truly intact berries is similar to that of plant leaves, which is dominated by basidiomycetous yeasts (e.g. Cryptococcus spp., Rhodotorula spp. Sporobolomyces spp.) and the yeast-like fungus Aureobasidium pullulans. The cuticle of visually intact berries may bear microfissures and softens with ripening, increasing nutrient availability and explaining the possible dominance by the oxidative or weakly fermentative ascomycetous populations (e.g. Candida spp., Hanseniaspora spp., Metschnikowia spp., Pichia spp.) approaching harvest time. When grape skin is clearly damaged, the availability of high sugar concentrations on the berry surface favours the increase of ascomycetes with higher fermentative activity like Pichia spp. and Zygoascus hellenicus, including dangerous wine spoilage yeasts (e.g. Zygosaccharomyces spp., Torulaspora spp.), and of acetic acid bacteria (e.g. Gluconobacter spp., Acetobacter spp.). The sugar fermenting species Saccharomyces cerevisiae is rarely found on unblemished berries, being favoured by grape damage. Lactic acid bacteria are minor partners of grape microbiota and while being the typical agent of malolactic fermentation, Oenococcus oeni has been seldom isolated from grapes in the vineyard. Environmental ubiquitous bacteria of the genus Enterobacter spp., Enterococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Burkholderia spp., Serratia spp., Staphylococcus spp., among others, have been isolated from grapes but do not have the ability to grow in wines. Saprophytic moulds, like Botrytis cinerea, causing grey rot, or Aspergillus spp., possibly producing ochratoxin, are only active in the vineyard, although their metabolites may affect wine quality during grape processing. The impact of damaged grapes in yeast ecology has been underestimated mostly because of inaccurate grape sampling. Injured berries hidden in apparently sound bunches explain the recovery of a higher number of species when whole bunches are picked. Grape health status is the main factor affecting the microbial ecology of grapes, increasing both microbial numbers and species diversity. Therefore, the influence of abiotic (e.g. climate, rain, hail), biotic (e.g. insects, birds, phytopathogenic and saprophytic moulds) and viticultural (e.g. fungicides) factors is dependent on their primary damaging effect. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Biogeography of Mediterranean Hotspot Biodiversity: Re-Evaluating the 'Tertiary Relict' Hypothesis of Macaronesian Laurel Forests

PubMed Central

Kondraskov, Paulina; Schütz, Nicole; Schüßler, Christina; de Sequeira, Miguel Menezes; Guerra, Arnoldo Santos; Caujapé-Castells, Juli; Jaén-Molina, Ruth; Marrero-Rodríguez, Águedo; Koch, Marcus A.; Linder, Peter; Kovar-Eder, Johanna; Thiv, Mike

2015-01-01

The Macaronesian laurel forests (MLF) are dominated by trees with a laurophyll habit comparable to evergreen humid forests which were scattered across Europe and the Mediterranean in the Paleogene and Neogene. Therefore, MLF are traditionally regarded as an old, 'Tertiary relict' vegetation type. Here we address the question if key taxa of the MLF are relictual. We evaluated the relict hypothesis consulting fossil data and analyses based on molecular phylogenies of 18 representative species. For molecular dating we used the program BEAST, for ancestral trait reconstructions BayesTraits and Lagrange to infer ancestral areas. Our molecular dating showed that the origins of four species date back to the Upper Miocene while 14 originated in the Plio-Pleistocene. This coincides with the decline of fossil laurophyllous elements in Europe since the middle Miocene. Ancestral trait and area reconstructions indicate that MLF evolved partly from pre-adapted taxa from the Mediterranean, Macaronesia and the tropics. According to the fossil record laurophyllous taxa existed in Macaronesia since the Plio- and Pleistocene. MLF are composed of species with a heterogeneous origin. The taxa dated to the Pleistocene are likely not 'Tertiary relicts'. Some species may be interpreted as relictual. In this case, the establishment of most species in the Plio-Pleistocene suggests that there was a massive species turnover before this time. Alternatively, MLF were largely newly assembled through global recruitment rather than surviving as relicts of a once more widespread vegetation. This process may have possibly been triggered by the intensification of the trade winds at the end of the Pliocene as indicated by proxy data. PMID:26173113

Loss of the NPM1 gene in myeloid disorders with chromosome 5 rearrangements.

PubMed

Berger, R; Busson, M; Baranger, L; Hélias, C; Lessard, M; Dastugue, N; Speleman, F

2006-02-01

The assignment with chromosome banding techniques of the breakpoints of the recurrent translocation t(3;5) which leads to NPM1/MLF1 gene fusion in myeloid malignancies has not been unequivocal. In order to assess whether this is due to uncertainty in interpretation of the observed banding pattern or whether it reflects true genomic heterogeneity, we decided to analyze the breakpoint positions using fluorescence in situ (FISH) techniques in eight patients with myeloid malignancies and rearrangements of chromosomes 3 and 5. In three patients, colocalization of the NPM1 and MLF1 spanning BACs was demonstrated and NPM1/MLF1 fusion shown by PCR in one while in the remaining cases breakpoints were located outside the NPM1 and MLF1 loci. Interestingly, loss of a copy of the NPM1 gene was found in three of these latter patients. This findings suggest that haploinsufficiency of NPM1 may play a role in subtypes of myelodysplasias and leukemias.

Growth inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the immunosuppressant leflunomide is due to the inhibition of uracil uptake via Fur4p.

PubMed

Fujimura, H

1998-10-01

The immunosuppressant leflunomide inhibits cytokine-stimulated proliferation of lymphoid cells in vitro and also inhibits the growth of the eukaryotic microorganism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of action of the drug, two yeast genes which suppress the anti-proliferative effect when present in multiple copies were cloned and designated MLF1 and MLF2 for multicopy suppressor of leflunomide sensitivity. DNA sequencing analysis revealed that the MLF1 gene is identical to the FUR4 gene, which encodes a uracil permease and functions to import uracil efficiently. The MLF2 was found to be identical to the URA3 gene. Excess exogenous uracil also overcomes the anti-proliferative effect of leflunomide on yeast cells. Uracil prototrophy also conferred resistance to leflunomide. Uracil uptake was inhibited by leflunomide. Thus, the growth inhibition by leflunomide seen in a S. cerevisiae ura3 auxotroph is due to the inhibition of the entry of exogenous uracil via the Fur4 uracil permease.

An event-specific method for the detection and quantification of ML01, a genetically modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine strain, using quantitative PCR.

PubMed

Vaudano, Enrico; Costantini, Antonella; Garcia-Moruno, Emilia

2016-10-03

The availability of genetically modified (GM) yeasts for winemaking and, in particular, transgenic strains based on the integration of genetic constructs deriving from other organisms into the genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been a reality for several years. Despite this, their use is only authorized in a few countries and limited to two strains: ML01, able to convert malic acid into lactic acid during alcoholic fermentation, and ECMo01 suitable for reducing the risk of carbamate production. In this work we propose a quali-quantitative culture-independent method for the detection of GM yeast ML01 in commercial preparations of ADY (Active Dry Yeast) consisting of efficient extraction of DNA and qPCR (quantitative PCR) analysis based on event-specific assay targeting MLC (malolactic cassette), and a taxon-specific S. cerevisiae assay detecting the MRP2 gene. The ADY DNA extraction methodology has been shown to provide good purity DNA suitable for subsequent qPCR. The MLC and MRP2 qPCR assay showed characteristics of specificity, dynamic range, limit of quantification (LOQ) limit of detection (LOD), precision and trueness, which were fully compliant with international reference guidelines. The method has been shown to reliably detect 0.005% (mass/mass) of GM ML01 S. cerevisiae in commercial preparations of ADY. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Interactions between Brettanomyces bruxellensis and other yeast species during the initial stages of winemaking.

PubMed

Renouf, V; Falcou, M; Miot-Sertier, C; Perello, M C; De Revel, G; Lonvaud-Funel, A

2006-06-01

Wine is the product of complex interactions between yeasts and bacteria in grape must. Amongst yeast populations, two groups can be distinguished. The first, named non-Saccharomyces (NS), colonizes, with many other micro-organisms, the surface of grape berries. In the past, NS yeasts were primarily considered as spoilage micro-organisms. However, recent studies have established a positive contribution of certain NS yeasts to wine quality. Amongst the group of NS yeasts, Brettanomyces bruxellensis, which is not prevalent on wine grapes, plays an important part in the evolution of wine aroma. Some of their secondary metabolites, namely volatile phenols, are responsible for wine spoilage. The other group contributing to wine aroma, which is also the main agent of alcoholic fermentation (AF), is composed of Saccharomyces species. The fermenting must is a complex microbial ecosystem where numerous yeast strains grow and die according to their adaptation to the medium. Yeast-yeast interactions occur during winemaking right from the onset of AF. The aim of this study was to describe the interactions between B. bruxellensis, other NS and Saccharomyces cerevisiae during laboratory and practical scale winemaking. Molecular methods such as internal transcribed spacer-restriction fragment length polymorphism and polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis were used in laboratory scale experiments and cellar observations. The influence of different oenological practices, like the level of sulphiting at harvest time, cold maceration preceding AF, addition of commercial active dry yeasts on B. bruxellensis and other yeast interactions and their evolution during the initial stages of winemaking have been studied. Brettanomyces bruxellensis was the most adapted NS yeast at the beginning of AF, and towards the end of AF it appeared to be more resistant than S. cerevisiae to the conditions of increased alcohol and sugar limitation. Among all NS yeast species, B. bruxellensis is better adapted than other wild yeasts to resist in must and during AF. Moreover, B. bruxellensis appeared to be more tolerant to ethanol stress than S. cerevisiae and after AF B. bruxellensis was the main yeast species in wine. Brettanomyces bruxellensis interacts with other yeast species and adapts to the wine medium as the dominant yeast species at the end of AF. Contamination of B. bruxellensis might take place at the beginning of malolactic fermentation, which is a critical stage in winemaking.

The student's dilemma, liver edition: incorporating the sonographer's language into clinical anatomy education.

PubMed

Hall, M Kennedy; Mirjalili, S Ali; Moore, Christopher L; Rizzolo, Lawrence J

2015-01-01

Anatomy students are often confused by multiple names ascribed to the same structure by different clinical disciplines. Increasingly, sonography is being incorporated into clinical anatomical education, but ultrasound textbooks often use names unfamiliar to the anatomist. Confusion is worsened when ultrasound names ascribed to the same structure actually refer to different structures. Consider the sonographic main lobar fissure (MLF). The sonographic MLF is a hyper-echoic landmark used by sonographers of the right upper quadrant. Found in approximately 70% of people, there is little consensus on what the sonographic MLF is anatomically. This structure appears to be related to the main portal fissure (aka principal plane of the liver or principal hepatic fissure), initially described by anatomists and surgeons as in intrahepatic division along the middle hepatic vein which in essence divides the territories of the left and right hepatic arteries and biliary systems. By exploring the relationship between the main portal fissure and the sonographic MLF in cadaveric livers ex vivo, the data suggest the sonographic MLF is actually an extrahepatic structure that parallels the rim of the main portal fissure. The authors recommend that this structure be renamed the "sonographic cystic pedicle," which includes the cystic duct and ensheathing fat and blood vessels. In the context of the redefined underlying anatomy, the absence of the sonographic cystic pedicle due to anatomic variation may serve an important clinical role in predicting complications from difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomies and is deserving of future study. © 2015 American Association of Anatomists.

Desulfonatronum paiuteum sp. nov.: A New Alkaliphilic, Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium, Isolated from Soda Mono Lake, California

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pikuta, Elena; Hoover, Richard B.; Marsic, Damien; Whitman, William; Cleland, David; Krader, Paul; Six, N. Frank (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

A novel alkaliphilic, sulfate reducing bacterium strain MLF1(sup T) was isolated from sediments of soda Mono Lake, California. Gram-negative vibrion cells, motile by singular polar flagellum, with sizes 0.5 - 0.6x 1.2 - 2.0 micron occurred singly, in pairs or short spirilla. Growth was observed over the temperature range of +15 C to +48 C (optimum +37 C), NaCl concentration range is greater than 1 - 7 %, wt/vol (optimum 3 %, wt/vol) and pH range 7.8 - 10.5 (optimum pH 9.0 - 9.4). The novel isolate is strictly alkaliphilic, requires high carbonate concentration in medium, obligately anaerobic and catalase negative. As electron donors strain MLF1(sup T) uses hydrogen, formate, ethanol. Sulfate, sulfite, and thiosulfate (but not sulfur or nitrate) can be used as electron acceptors. The sole end product of growth on formate was H2S. Strain MLF1(sup T) is resistant to kanamycin and gentamycin, but sensitive to chloramphenicol and tetracycline. Na2MoO4 inhibits growth of strain MLF1(sup T). The sum of G+C in DNA is 63.1 mol% (by HPLC method). On the basis of physiological and molecular properties, the isolate was considered as novel species of genus Desulfonatronum; and the name Desulfonatronum paiuteum sp. nov., is proposed (type strain MLF1(sup T) = ATCC BAA-395(sup T) = DSMZ 14708(sup T).

Organization and mobility of CD11b/CD18 and targeting of superoxide on the surface of degranulated human neutrophils.

PubMed

Mukherjee, G; Rasmusson, B; Linner, J G; Quinn, M T; Parkos, C A; Magnusson, K E; Jesaitis, A J

1998-09-01

A monoclonal IgM, specifically recognizing both CD11b and CD18 of human neutrophils, was used to examine the organization and mobility of CD11b/CD18 in the plasma membrane of human neutrophils degranulated by dihydrocytochalasin B (dhCB) treatment and fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLF) stimulation. Subcellular fractionation analysis of untreated or dhCB-treated control neutrophils indicated that 20% of CD11b/CD18 cosedimented with plasma membrane and the remainder with specific granules. In contrast, fMLF stimulation of dhCB-treated cells caused a major reorganization of CD11b/CD18, in which 60-70% of CD11b/CD18 sedimented in dense plasma membrane fractions that were also enriched in superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase activity. Similarly pretreated neutrophils were fixed, immunogold labeled, and examined by scanning electron microscopy. Immunogold particles were distributed uniformly over the symmetrically ruffled surface of unstimulated neutrophils. On dhCB-treated cells, immunogold was mostly uniformly distributed on a smooth membrane with a small percentage of particles lining up into linear arrays. After fMLF + dhCB stimulation, CD11b/CD18 gold label was more abundant on the cell surface and formed large aggregates on polarized membrane protrusions. However, when cells were adhered to an albumin-coated quartz surface and stimulated with fMLF in the presence of dhCB, immunogold was excluded on the articulated and rounded cell body but concentrated on the periphery of adherent lamellae. Fluorescence photobleaching recovery indicated that in unstimulated cells 38 +/- 3% of CD11b/CD18 was mobile (R) with a diffusion constant D of 3.1 +/- 0.3 x 10(-10) cm2/s. Treatment with dhCB raised R and D 24 and 74%, respectively. Stimulation using 1 microM fMLF with dhCB lowered D and R to near control levels. Since NADPH oxidase and CD11b/CD18 cosediment in high-density plasma membrane domains after fMLF + dhCB stimulation, we speculate that a stimulus-induced reorganization of CD11b/CD18 and NADPH oxidase to common membrane domains may occur in fMLF + dhCB-degranulated neutrophils. Copyright 1998 Academic Press.

Draft Genome Sequence of the Obligately Alkaliphilic Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium Desulfonatronum thiodismutans Strain MLF1

PubMed Central

Trubitsyn, Denis; Geurink, Corey; Pikuta, Elena; Lefèvre, Christopher T.; McShan, W. Michael; Gillaspy, Allison F.

2014-01-01

Desulfonatronum thiodismutans strain MLF1, an alkaliphilic bacterium capable of sulfate reduction, was isolated from Mono Lake, California. Here we report the 3.92-Mb draft genome sequence comprising 34 contigs and some results of its automated annotation. These data will improve our knowledge of mechanisms by which bacteria withstand extreme environments. PMID:25081260

Draft Genome Sequence of the Obligately Alkaliphilic Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium Desulfonatronum thiodismutans Strain MLF1.

PubMed

Trubitsyn, Denis; Geurink, Corey; Pikuta, Elena; Lefèvre, Christopher T; McShan, W Michael; Gillaspy, Allison F; Bazylinski, Dennis A

2014-07-31

Desulfonatronum thiodismutans strain MLF1, an alkaliphilic bacterium capable of sulfate reduction, was isolated from Mono Lake, California. Here we report the 3.92-Mb draft genome sequence comprising 34 contigs and some results of its automated annotation. These data will improve our knowledge of mechanisms by which bacteria withstand extreme environments. Copyright © 2014 Trubitsyn et al.

Beam emittance control by changing injection painting area in a pulse-to-pulse mode in the 3-GeV rapid cycling synchrotron of Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saha, P. K.; Harada, H.; Hayashi, N.; Horino, K.; Hotchi, H.; Kinsho, M.; Takayanagi, T.; Tani, N.; Togashi, T.; Ueno, T.; Yamazaki, Y.; Irie, Y.

2013-12-01

The 3-GeV rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) of Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) simultaneously delivers high intensity beam to the Material and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) as well as to the main ring (MR) at a repetition rate of 25 Hz. The RCS is designed for a beam power of 1 MW. RCS has to meet not only the need of power upgrade but also the specific requirement of each downstream facility. One of the issues, especially for high intensity operation, is to maintain two different transverse sizes of the extracted beam for MLF and MR; namely, a wider beam for MLF in order to reduce damage on the neutron production target but reversely a narrower one for the MR in order to ensure a permissible beam loss in the beam transport line of 3-GeV to MR and also in the MR. We proposed pulse-to-pulse direct control of the transverse painting area during the RCS beam injection process in order to get an extracted beam profile as desired. In addition to two existing dc septum magnets used for fixing injected beam trajectory for MLF beam, two additional dipoles named pulse steering magnets are designed for that purpose in order to control injected beam trajectory for a smaller painting area for the MR. The magnets are already installed in the injection beam transport line and successfully commissioned well in advance before they will be put in normal operation in 2014 for the 400 MeV injected beam energy upgraded from that of the present 181 MeV. Their parameters are found to be consistent to those expected in the corresponding numerical simulations. A trial one cycle user operation run for a painting area of 100πmmmrad for the MR switching from the MLF painting area of 150πmmmrad has also been successfully carried out. The extracted beam profile for the MR is measured to be sufficiently narrower as compared to that for the MLF, consistent with numerical simulation successfully demonstrating validity of the present principle.

Return to Work and Multilevel Versus Single-Level Cervical Fusion for Radiculopathy in a Workers' Compensation Setting.

PubMed

Faour, Mhamad; Anderson, Joshua T; Haas, Arnold R; Percy, Rick; Woods, Stephen T; Ahn, Uri M; Ahn, Nicholas U

2017-01-15

Retrospective comparative cohort study. Examine the impact of multilevel fusion on return to work (RTW) status and compare RTW status after multi- versus single-level cervical fusion for patients with work-related injury. Patients with work-related injuries in the workers' compensation systems have less favorable surgical outcomes. Cervical fusion provides a greater than 90% likelihood of relieving radiculopathy and stabilizing or improving myelopathy. However, more levels fused at index surgery are reportedly associated with poorer surgical outcomes than single-level fusion. Data was collected from the Ohio Bureau of Workers' Compensation (BWC) between 1993 and 2011. The study population included patients who underwent cervical fusion for radiculopathy. Two groups were constructed (multilevel fusion [MLF] vs. single-level fusion [SLF]). Outcomes measures evaluated were: RTW criteria, RTW <1year, reoperation, surgical complication, disability, and legal litigation after surgery. After accounting for a number of independent variables in the regression model, multilevel fusion was a negative predictor of successful RTW status within 3-year follow-up after surgery (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.70-0.95, P <0.05).RTW criteria were met 62.9% of SLF group compared with 54.8% of MLF group. The odds of having a stable RTW for MLF patients were 0.71% compared with the SLF patients (95% CI: 0.61-0.83; P: 0.0001).At 1 year after surgery, RTW rate was 53.1% for the SLF group compared with 43.7% for the MLF group. The odds of RTW within 1 year after surgery for the MLF group were 0.69% compared with SLF patients (95% CI: 0.59-0.80; P: 0.0001).Higher rate of disability after surgery was observed in the MLF group compared with the SLF group (P: 0.0001) CONCLUSION.: Multilevel cervical fusion for radiculopathy was associated with poor return to work profile after surgery. Multilevel cervical fusion was associated with lower RTW rates, less likelihood of achieving stable return to work, and higher rate of disability after surgery. 3.

Multi-atlas learner fusion: An efficient segmentation approach for large-scale data.

PubMed

Asman, Andrew J; Huo, Yuankai; Plassard, Andrew J; Landman, Bennett A

2015-12-01

We propose multi-atlas learner fusion (MLF), a framework for rapidly and accurately replicating the highly accurate, yet computationally expensive, multi-atlas segmentation framework based on fusing local learners. In the largest whole-brain multi-atlas study yet reported, multi-atlas segmentations are estimated for a training set of 3464 MR brain images. Using these multi-atlas estimates we (1) estimate a low-dimensional representation for selecting locally appropriate example images, and (2) build AdaBoost learners that map a weak initial segmentation to the multi-atlas segmentation result. Thus, to segment a new target image we project the image into the low-dimensional space, construct a weak initial segmentation, and fuse the trained, locally selected, learners. The MLF framework cuts the runtime on a modern computer from 36 h down to 3-8 min - a 270× speedup - by completely bypassing the need for deformable atlas-target registrations. Additionally, we (1) describe a technique for optimizing the weak initial segmentation and the AdaBoost learning parameters, (2) quantify the ability to replicate the multi-atlas result with mean accuracies approaching the multi-atlas intra-subject reproducibility on a testing set of 380 images, (3) demonstrate significant increases in the reproducibility of intra-subject segmentations when compared to a state-of-the-art multi-atlas framework on a separate reproducibility dataset, (4) show that under the MLF framework the large-scale data model significantly improve the segmentation over the small-scale model under the MLF framework, and (5) indicate that the MLF framework has comparable performance as state-of-the-art multi-atlas segmentation algorithms without using non-local information. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Apoptosis and Tumor Progression in Prostate Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-02-01

KLIP1; FLJ23468 MLF1 interacting protein NM_001071 0.248 TS; TMS; TSase; HsT422; MGC88736 thymidylate synthetase NM_001255 0.24 p55CDC; MGC102824...repeat-containing 5 (survivin) NM_016359 0.0747 LNP; ANKT; SAPL; BM037; Q0310; FLJ13421; PRO0310p1 nucleolar and spindle associated protein 1 NM_024629 0.0569 KLIP1; FLJ23468 MLF1 interacting protein

Desulfonatronum thiodismutans sp. nov., a novel alkaliphilic, sulfate-reducing bacterium capable of lithoautotrophic growth.

PubMed

Pikuta, Elena V; Hoover, Richard B; Bej, Asim K; Marsic, Damien; Whitman, William B; Cleland, David; Krader, Paul

2003-09-01

A novel alkaliphilic, sulfate-reducing bacterium, strain MLF1(T), was isolated from sediments of soda Mono Lake, California. Gram-negative vibrio-shaped cells were observed, which were 0.6-0.7x1.2-2.7 micro m in size, motile by a single polar flagellum and occurred singly, in pairs or as short spirilla. Growth was observed at 15-48 degrees C (optimum, 37 degrees C), >1-7 % NaCl, w/v (optimum, 3 %) and pH 8.0-10.0 (optimum, 9.5). The novel isolate is strictly alkaliphilic, requires a high concentration of carbonate in the growth medium and is obligately anaerobic and catalase-negative. As electron donors, strain MLF1(T) uses hydrogen, formate and ethanol. Sulfate, sulfite and thiosulfate (but not sulfur or nitrate) can be used as electron acceptors. The novel isolate is a lithoheterotroph and a facultative lithoautotroph that is able to grow on hydrogen without an organic source of carbon. Strain MLF1(T) is resistant to kanamycin and gentamicin, but sensitive to chloramphenicol and tetracycline. The DNA G+C content is 63.0 mol% (HPLC). DNA-DNA hybridization with the most closely related species, Desulfonatronum lacustre Z-7951(T), exhibited 51 % homology. Also, the genome size (1.6x10(9) Da) and T(m) value of the genomic DNA (71+/-2 degrees C) for strain MLF1(T) were significantly different from the genome size (2.1x10(9) Da) and T(m) value (63+/-2 degrees C) for Desulfonatronum lacustre Z-7951(T). On the basis of physiological and molecular properties, the isolate was considered to be a novel species of the genus Desulfonatronum, for which the name Desulfonatronum thiodismutans sp. nov. is proposed (the type strain is MLF1(T)=ATCC BAA-395(T)=DSM 14708(T)).

Desulfonatronum Thiodismutans sp. nov., a Novel Alkaliphilic, Sulfate-reducing Bacterium Capable of Lithoautotrophic Growth

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pikuta, Elena V.; Hoover, Richard B.; Bej, Asim K.; Marsic, Damien; Whitman, William B.; Cleland, David; Krader, Paul

2003-01-01

A novel alkaliphilic, sulfate-reducing bacterium, strain MLF1(sup T), was isolated from sediments of soda Mono Lake, California. Gram-negative vibrio-shaped cells were observed, which were 0.6-0.7 x 1.2-2.7 microns in size, motile by a single polar flagellum and occurred singly, in pairs or as short spirilla. Growth was observed at 15-48 C (optimum, 37 C), > 1-7 % NaCI, w/v (optimum, 3%) and pH 8.0-10.0 (optimum, 9.5). The novel isolate is strictly alkaliphilic, requires a high concentration of carbonate in the growth medium and is obligately anaerobic and catalase-negative. As electron donors, strain MLF1(sup T) uses hydrogen, formate and ethanol. Sulfate, sulfite and thiosulfate (but not sulfur or nitrate) can be used as electron acceptors. The novel isolate is a lithoheterotroph and a facultative lithoautotroph that is able to grow on hydrogen without an organic source of carbon. Strain MLF1(sup T) is resistant to kanamycin and gentamicin, but sensitive to chloramphenicol and tetracycline. The DNA G+C content is 63.0 mol% (HPLC). DNA-DNA hybridization with the most closely related species, Desulfonatronum lacustre Z-7951(sup T), exhibited 51 % homology. Also, the genome size (1.6 x 10(exp 9) Da) and T(sub m) value of the genomic DNA (71 +/- 2 C) for strain MLF1(sup T) were significantly different from the genome size (2.1 x 10(exp 9) Da) and T(sub m) value (63 +/- 2 C) for Desulfonatronum lacustre Z-7951(sup T). On the basis of physiological and molecular properties, the isolate was considered to be a novel species of the genus Desulfonatronum, for which the name Desulfonatronum thiodismutans sp. nov. is proposed (the type strain is MLF1(sup T) = ATCC BAA-395(sup T) = DSM 14708(sup T)).

Numerical modeling of probe velocity effects for electromagnetic NDE methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shin, Y. K.; Lord, W.

The present discussion of magnetic flux (MLF) leakage inspection introduces the behavior of motion-induced currents. The results obtained indicate that velocity effects exist at even low probe speeds for magnetic materials, compelling the inclusion of velocity effects in MLF testing of oil pipelines, where the excitation level and pig speed are much higher than those used in the present work. Probe velocity effect studies should influence probe design, defining suitable probe speed limits and establishing training guidelines for defect-characterization schemes.

Chemotactic properties and absence of the formyl peptide receptor in ferret (Mustela putorius furo) neutrophils.

PubMed

Nakata, Makoto; Otsubo, Kouji; Kikuchi, Tomoko; Itou, Takuya; Sakai, Takeo

2010-02-01

This study describes a chemotaxis assay of ferret polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs). The optimal conditions for this chemotaxis assay were investigated for three chemoattractants: zymosan activated serum (ZAS), recombinant human interleukin-8 (rhIL-8) and N-formyl-Met-Leu- Phe (fMLF). In this study, ferret polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) reacted to ZAS and rhIL-8, but not fMLF. The optimal concentration of ZAS and rhIL-8 were 5% and 100 ng/ml, respectively. The optimal incubation time of each reagent was 60 min. Due to the lack of response shown from fMLF, the existence of formyl peptide receptors (FPR) on ferret PMNs was investigated by evaluating FPR binding using flow cytometry. The receptor was not detected, implying that ferret neutrophils may lack FPR. This study confirms the fundamental experimental conditions for ferret PMNs chemotaxis and elucidates new findings concerning FPR in ferret neutrophils. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Characterization of novel killer toxins secreted by wine-related non-Saccharomyces yeasts and their action on Brettanomyces spp.

PubMed

Mehlomakulu, Ngwekazi N; Setati, Mathabatha E; Divol, Benoit

2014-10-01

Wine spoilage associated with Brettanomyces bruxellensis is a major concern for winemakers. An effective and reliable method to control the proliferation of this yeast is therefore of utmost importance. To achieve this purpose, sulphur dioxide (SO2) is commonly employed but the efficiency of this chemical compound is subject to wine composition and it can elicit allergic reactions in some consumers. Biological alternatives are therefore actively sought. The current study focused on identifying and characterizing killer toxins which are antimicrobial compounds that show potential in inhibiting B. bruxellensis in wine. Two killer toxins, CpKT1 and CpKT2, from the wine isolated yeast Candida pyralidae were identified and partially characterized. The two proteins had a molecular mass above 50kDa and exhibited killer activity against several B. bruxellensis strains especially in grape juice. They were active and stable at pH3.5-4.5, and temperatures between 15 and 25°C which are compatible with winemaking conditions. Furthermore, the activity of these killer toxins was not affected by the ethanol and sugar concentrations typically found in grape juice and wine. In addition, these killer toxins inhibited neither the Saccharomyces cerevisiae nor the lactic acid bacteria strains tested. These preliminary results indicated that the application of these toxins will have no effect on the main microbial agents that drive alcoholic and malolactic fermentations and further highlight the potential of using these toxins as agents to control the development of B. bruxellensis in grape juice or wine. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Synthesis of fruity ethyl esters by acyl coenzyme A: alcohol acyltransferase and reverse esterase activities in Oenococcus oeni and Lactobacillus plantarum.

PubMed

Costello, P J; Siebert, T E; Solomon, M R; Bartowsky, E J

2013-03-01

To assess the abilities of commercial wine lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to synthesize potentially flavour active fatty acid ethyl esters and determine mechanisms involved in their production. Oenococcus oeni AWRI B551 produced significant levels of ethyl hexanoate and ethyl octanoate following growth in an ethanolic test medium, and ester formation generally increased with increasing pH (4.5 > 3.5), anaerobiosis and precursor supplementation. Cell-free extracts of commercial O. oeni strains and Lactobacillus plantarum AWRI B740 were also tested for ester-synthesizing capabilities in a phosphate buffer via: (i) acyl coenzyme A: alcohol acyltransferase (AcoAAAT) activity and (ii) reverse esterase activity. For both ester-synthesizing activities, strain-dependent variation was observed, with AcoAAAT activity generally greater than reverse esterase. Reverse esterase in O. oeni AWRI B551 also esterified 1-propanol to produce propyl octanoate, and deuterated substrates ([(2)H(6)]ethanol and [(2)H(15)]octanoic acid) to produce the fully deuterated ester, [(2)H(5)]ethyl [(2)H(15)]octanoate. Wine LAB exhibit ethyl ester-synthesizing capability and possess two different ester-synthesizing activities, one of which is associated with an acyl coenzyme A: alcohol acyltransferase. This study demonstrates that wine LAB exhibit enzyme activities that can augment the ethyl ester content of wine. This knowledge will facilitate greater control over the impacts of malolactic fermentation on the fruity sensory properties and quality of wine. © 2012 Australian Wine Research Institute © 2012 The Society for Applied Microbiology.

Identification of C-terminal phosphorylation sites of N-formyl peptide receptor-1 (FPR1) in human blood neutrophils.

PubMed

Maaty, Walid S; Lord, Connie I; Gripentrog, Jeannie M; Riesselman, Marcia; Keren-Aviram, Gal; Liu, Ting; Dratz, Edward A; Bothner, Brian; Jesaitis, Algirdas J

2013-09-20

Accumulation, activation, and control of neutrophils at inflammation sites is partly driven by N-formyl peptide chemoattractant receptors (FPRs). Occupancy of these G-protein-coupled receptors by formyl peptides has been shown to induce regulatory phosphorylation of cytoplasmic serine/threonine amino acid residues in heterologously expressed recombinant receptors, but the biochemistry of these modifications in primary human neutrophils remains relatively unstudied. FPR1 and FPR2 were partially immunopurified using antibodies that recognize both receptors (NFPRa) or unphosphorylated FPR1 (NFPRb) in dodecylmaltoside extracts of unstimulated and N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLF) + cytochalasin B-stimulated neutrophils or their membrane fractions. After deglycosylation and separation by SDS-PAGE, excised Coomassie Blue-staining bands (∼34,000 Mr) were tryptically digested, and FPR1, phospho-FPR1, and FPR2 content was confirmed by peptide mass spectrometry. C-terminal FPR1 peptides (Leu(312)-Arg(322) and Arg(323)-Lys(350)) and extracellular FPR1 peptide (Ile(191)-Arg(201)) as well as three similarly placed FPR2 peptides were identified in unstimulated and fMLF + cytochalasin B-stimulated samples. LC/MS/MS identified seven isoforms of Ala(323)-Lys(350) only in the fMLF + cytochalasin B-stimulated sample. These were individually phosphorylated at Thr(325), Ser(328), Thr(329), Thr(331), Ser(332), Thr(334), and Thr(339). No phospho-FPR2 peptides were detected. Cytochalasin B treatment of neutrophils decreased the sensitivity of fMLF-dependent NFPRb recognition 2-fold, from EC50 = 33 ± 8 to 74 ± 21 nM. Our results suggest that 1) partial immunopurification, deglycosylation, and SDS-PAGE separation of FPRs is sufficient to identify C-terminal FPR1 Ser/Thr phosphorylations by LC/MS/MS; 2) kinases/phosphatases activated in fMLF/cytochalasin B-stimulated neutrophils produce multiple C-terminal tail FPR1 Ser/Thr phosphorylations but have little effect on corresponding FPR2 sites; and 3) the extent of FPR1 phosphorylation can be monitored with C-terminal tail FPR1-phosphospecific antibodies.

Early decreased neutrophil responsiveness is related to late onset sepsis in multitrauma patients: An international cohort study.

PubMed

Groeneveld, Kathelijne M; Koenderman, Leo; Warren, Brian L; Jol, Saskia; Leenen, Luke P H; Hietbrink, Falco

2017-01-01

Severe trauma can lead to the development of infectious complications after several days, such as sepsis. Early identification of patients at risk will aid anticipating these complications. The aim of this study was to test the relation between the acute (<24 hours) inflammatory response after injury measured by neutrophil responsiveness and the late (>5 days) development of septic complications and validate this in different trauma populations. Two prospective, observational, cohort series in the Netherlands and South Africa, consisting of severely injured trauma patients. Neutrophil responsiveness by fMLF-induced active FcγRII was measured in whole blood flowcytometry, as read out for the systemic immune response within hours after trauma. Sepsis was scored daily. Ten of the 36 included Dutch patients developed septic shock. In patients with septic shock, neutrophils showed a lower expression of fMLF-induced active FcγRII immediately after trauma when compared to patients without septic shock (P = 0.001). In South Africa 11 of 73 included patients developed septic shock. Again neutrophils showed lower expression of fMLF induced active FcγRII (P = 0.001). In the combined cohort, all patients who developed septic shock demonstrated a decreased neutrophil responsiveness. Low responsiveness of neutrophils for the innate stimulus fMLF immediately after trauma preceded the development of septic shock during admission by almost a week and did not depend on a geographical/racial background, hospital protocols and health care facilities. Decreased neutrophil responsiveness appears to be a prerequisite for septic shock after trauma. This might enable anticipation of this severe complication in trauma patients.

Early acute myeloblastic leukemia treatment for childhood myelodysplastic syndrome with t(3;5) (NPM/MLF1).

PubMed

Sevilla, Julián; Fernández-Plaza, Sandra; Lassaletta, Alvaro; González-Vicent, Marta; Contra, Trinidad; Madero, Luis

2007-12-01

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in childhood are rare hematologic diseases. MDS with t(3;5) (NPM/MLF1) is an unusual subtype without a well-defined clinical and prognostic pattern. A poor outcome has been reported, suggesting that hematopoietic transplantation is the only treatment option. Here in we described a 2-year-old child diagnosed with the disease, without a suitable hematopoietic donor, treated early in the disease with chemotherapy. He is alive and well 4 years after the end of treatment. This unusual MDS needs further studies to better understand the disease.

Time averaging of NMR chemical shifts in the MLF peptide in the solid state.

PubMed

De Gortari, Itzam; Portella, Guillem; Salvatella, Xavier; Bajaj, Vikram S; van der Wel, Patrick C A; Yates, Jonathan R; Segall, Matthew D; Pickard, Chris J; Payne, Mike C; Vendruscolo, Michele

2010-05-05

Since experimental measurements of NMR chemical shifts provide time and ensemble averaged values, we investigated how these effects should be included when chemical shifts are computed using density functional theory (DFT). We measured the chemical shifts of the N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine-OMe (MLF) peptide in the solid state, and then used the X-ray structure to calculate the (13)C chemical shifts using the gauge including projector augmented wave (GIPAW) method, which accounts for the periodic nature of the crystal structure, obtaining an overall accuracy of 4.2 ppm. In order to understand the origin of the difference between experimental and calculated chemical shifts, we carried out first-principles molecular dynamics simulations to characterize the molecular motion of the MLF peptide on the picosecond time scale. We found that (13)C chemical shifts experience very rapid fluctuations of more than 20 ppm that are averaged out over less than 200 fs. Taking account of these fluctuations in the calculation of the chemical shifts resulted in an accuracy of 3.3 ppm. To investigate the effects of averaging over longer time scales we sampled the rotameric states populated by the MLF peptides in the solid state by performing a total of 5 micros classical molecular dynamics simulations. By averaging the chemical shifts over these rotameric states, we increased the accuracy of the chemical shift calculations to 3.0 ppm, with less than 1 ppm error in 10 out of 22 cases. These results suggests that better DFT-based predictions of chemical shifts of peptides and proteins will be achieved by developing improved computational strategies capable of taking into account the averaging process up to the millisecond time scale on which the chemical shift measurements report.

MNDA binds NPM/B23 and the NPM-MLF1 chimera generated by the t(3;5) associated with myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia.

PubMed

Xie, J; Briggs, J A; Morris, S W; Olson, M O; Kinney, M C; Briggs, R C

1997-10-01

The myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA) is a nuclear protein expressed specifically in developing cells of the human myelomonocytic lineage, including the end-stage monocytes/macrophages and granulocytes. Nuclear localization, lineage- and stage-specific expression, association with chromatin, and regulation by interferon alpha indicate that this protein is involved in regulating gene expression uniquely associated with the differentiation process and/or function of the monocyte/macrophage. MNDA does not bind specific DNA sequences, but rather a set of nuclear proteins that includes nucleolin (C23). Both in vitro binding assays and co-immunoprecipitation were used to demonstrate that MNDA also binds protein B23 (nucleophosmin/NPM). Three reciprocal chromosome translocations found in certain cases of leukemia/lymphoma involve fusions with the NPM/B23 gene, t(5;17) NPM-RARalpha, t(2;5) NPM-ALK, and the t(3;5) NPM-MLF1. In the current study, MNDA was not able to bind the NPM-ALK chimera originating from the t(2;5) and containing residues 1-117 of NPM. However, MNDA did bind the NPM-MLF1 product of the t(3;5) that contains the N-terminal 175 residues of NPM. The additional 58 amino acids (amino acids 117-175) of the NPM sequence that are contained in the product of the NPM-MLF1 fusion gene relative to the product of the NPM-ALK fusion appear responsible for MNDA binding. This additional NPM sequence contains a nuclear localization signal and clusters of acidic residues believed to bind nuclear localization signals of other proteins. Whereas NPM and nucleolin are primarily localized within the nucleolus, MNDA is distributed throughout the nucleus including the nucleolus, suggesting that additional interactions define overall MNDA localization.

Selenium speciation profiles in biofortified sangiovese wine.

PubMed

Fontanella, Maria Chiara; D'Amato, Roberto; Regni, Luca; Proietti, Primo; Beone, Gian Maria; Businelli, Daniela

2017-09-01

Biofortification is an agronomic-based strategy, utilized by farmers, to produce selenium (Se)-enriched food products that may help reduce dietary deficiencies of Se occurring throughout susceptible regions of the world. The foliar exposure route application ensures a high efficiency of Se assimilation by the plant since it does not depend on root-to-shoot translocation. In this study we treated grapevines of Sangiovese variety in the pre-flowering period with sodium selenate (100mg Se L -1 ). Se content was measured in leaves, fruit at harvest time and in wine respectively in treated and not treated samples with ICP-MS. At harvest, a higher amount of Se in the treated leaves compared to untreated ones was found, 16.0±3.1mgkg -1 dry weight (dw) against 0.17±0.006mgkg -1 dw in the untreated ones. The treated grapes had a content of Se of 0.800±0.08mgkg -1 dw, while that untreated one 0.065±0.025mgkg -1 dw. Immediately after the malolactic fermentation, the wine obtained from treated and untreated vines had a Se content of 0.620±0.09mg Se L -1 and 0.024±0.010mg Se L -1 respectively. In our case the percentage of inorganic Se is 26% of the total Se in the untreated wine, while in Se enriched wine this percentage increase to 47.5% of the total Se. The Se(VI) was the inorganic chemical form more present in enriched wine, probably due to foliar application with selenate. Distributions of Se species suggested being careful to the choice of the enrichment solutions to promote a balanced distribution of different chemical forms, perhaps favouring the accumulation of organic forms. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

The Antisense RNA Approach: a New Application for In Vivo Investigation of the Stress Response of Oenococcus oeni, a Wine-Associated Lactic Acid Bacterium

PubMed Central

Darsonval, Maud; Msadek, Tarek; Alexandre, Hervé

2015-01-01

Oenococcus oeni is a wine-associated lactic acid bacterium mostly responsible for malolactic fermentation in wine. In wine, O. oeni grows in an environment hostile to bacterial growth (low pH, low temperature, and ethanol) that induces stress response mechanisms. To survive, O. oeni is known to set up transitional stress response mechanisms through the synthesis of heat stress proteins (HSPs) encoded by the hsp genes, notably a unique small HSP named Lo18. Despite the availability of the genome sequence, characterization of O. oeni genes is limited, and little is known about the in vivo role of Lo18. Due to the lack of genetic tools for O. oeni, an efficient expression vector in O. oeni is still lacking, and deletion or inactivation of the hsp18 gene is not presently practicable. As an alternative approach, with the goal of understanding the biological function of the O. oeni hsp18 gene in vivo, we have developed an expression vector to produce antisense RNA targeting of hsp18 mRNA. Recombinant strains were exposed to multiple stresses inducing hsp18 gene expression: heat shock and acid shock. We showed that antisense attenuation of hsp18 affects O. oeni survival under stress conditions. These results confirm the involvement of Lo18 in heat and acid tolerance of O. oeni. Results of anisotropy experiments also confirm a membrane-protective role for Lo18, as previous observations had already suggested. This study describes a new, efficient tool to demonstrate the use of antisense technology for modulating gene expression in O. oeni. PMID:26452552

[Medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) syndrome in a patient with giant cell arteritis].

PubMed

Uenaka, Takeshi; Hamaguchi, Hirotoshi; Sekiguchi, Kenji; Kowa, Hisatomo; Kanda, Fumio; Toda, Tatsushi

2015-01-01

A 76-year-old female was referred to our department because of diplopia for two months and intermittent claudication for five months. She showed medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) syndrome. Brain MRI (T2WI) showed multiple infarctions in the right pontine tegmentum and left paramedian midbrain. A biopsy of superficial temporal artery showed the characteristic findings of glanulomatous inflammation indicative of giant cell arteritis. We thought the mechanism of this cerebral infarction as artery to artery embolization or intracranial arteritis. Treatment with oral prednisolone (1 mg/kg/day) improved her limb claudication and normalized serum C-reactive protein level.

Cross Section Measurements of the Radioactive 107Pd and Stable 105,108Pd Nuclei at J-PARC/MLF/ANNRI

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nakamura, S.; Kimura, A.; Kitatani, F.; Ohta, M.; Furutaka, K.; Goko, S.; Hara, K. Y.; Harada, H.; Hirose, K.; Kin, T.; Koizumi, M.; Oshima, M.; Toh, Y.; Kino, K.; Hiraga, F.; Kamiyama, T.; Kiyanagi, Y.; Katabuchi, T.; Mizumoto, M.; Igashira, M.; Hori, J.; Fujii, T.; Fukutani, S.; Takamiya, K.

2014-05-01

The measurements of the neutron-capture cross sections were performed for the radioactive 107Pd and stable 105,108Pd nuclei by the time-of flight method using an apparatus called “Accurate Neutron-Nucleus Reaction measurement Instrument (ANNRI)” installed at the neutron Beam Line No.4 of the Materials and Life science experimental Facility (MLF) in the J-PARC. The neutron-capture cross sections of 107Pd and 105,108Pd have been measured in the low energy region from the thermal to a few hundreds eV. From the measurements, new information was obtained for some resonances of these Pd nuclei.

Capture Cross-section Measurement of 241Am(n,γ) at J-PARC/MLF/ANNRI

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harada, H.; Ohta, M.; Kimura, A.; Furutaka, K.; Hirose, K.; Hara, K. Y.; Kin, T.; Kitatani, F.; Koizumi, M.; Nakamura, S.; Oshima, M.; Toh, Y.; Igashira, M.; Katabuchi, T.; Mizumoto, M.; Kino, K.; Kiyanagi, Y.; Fujii, T.; Fukutani, S.; Hori, J.; Takamiya, K.

2014-05-01

The 241Am(n, γ) 242Am cross sections have been measured for neutron energies between 0.01 and 10 eV using the Accurate Neutron-Nucleus Reaction measurement Instrument (ANNRI) installed at the Materials and Life-science experimental Facility (MLF) in J-PARC. ANNRI combines the strongest neutron-pulsed beam and a high energy resolution γ-ray spectrometer, making possible accurate measurements of neutron capture cross sections for highly radioactive samples. From the measured cross section, the Westcott neutron capture factor and strength of the first three resonances in 241Am are deduced. These results with precision less than 0.5 % are compared with those derived from JENDL-4.0.

Antitrypanosomal Activities and Mechanisms of Action of Novel Tetracyclic Iridoids from Morinda lucida Benth.

PubMed Central

Kwofie, Kofi D.; Tung, Nguyen Huu; Amoa-Bosompem, Michael; Adegle, Richard; Sakyiamah, Maxwell M.; Ayertey, Frederick; Owusu, Kofi Baffour-Awuah; Tuffour, Isaac; Atchoglo, Philip; Frempong, Kwadwo K.; Anyan, William K.; Uto, Takuhiro; Morinaga, Osamu; Yamashita, Taizo; Aboagye, Frederic; Appiah, Alfred A.; Appiah-Opong, Regina; Nyarko, Alexander K.; Yamaguchi, Yasuchika; Edoh, Dominic; Koram, Kwadwo A.; Yamaoka, Shoji; Boakye, Daniel A.; Ohta, Nobuo; Shoyama, Yukihiro; Ayi, Irene

2016-01-01

Trypanosoma brucei parasites are kinetoplastid protozoa that devastate the health and economic well-being of millions of people in Africa through the disease human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). New chemotherapy has been eagerly awaited due to severe side effects and the drug resistance issues plaguing current drugs. Recently, there has been an emphasis on the use of medicinal plants worldwide. Morinda lucida Benth. is a popular medicinal plant widely distributed in Africa, and several research groups have reported on the antiprotozoal activities of this plant. In this study, we identified three novel tetracyclic iridoids, molucidin, ML-2-3, and ML-F52, from the CHCl3 fraction of M. lucida leaves, which possess activity against the GUTat 3.1 strain of T. brucei brucei. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of molucidin, ML-2-3, and ML-F52 were 1.27 μM, 3.75 μM, and 0.43 μM, respectively. ML-2-3 and ML-F52 suppressed the expression of paraflagellum rod protein subunit 2, PFR-2, and caused cell cycle alteration, which preceded apoptosis induction in the bloodstream form of Trypanosoma parasites. Novel tetracyclic iridoids may be promising lead compounds for the development of new chemotherapies for African trypanosomal infections in humans and animals. PMID:26953191

Perspective of Muon Production Target at J-PARC MLF MUSE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Makimura, Shunsuke; Matoba, Shiro; Kawamura, Naritoshi; Matsuzawa, Yukihiro; Tabe, Masato; Aoyagi, Hiroyuki; Kondo, Hiroto; Kobayashi, Yasuo; Fujimori, Hiroshi; Ikedo, Yutaka; Kadono, Ryosuke; Koda, Akihiro; Kojima, Kenji M.; Miyake, Yasuhiro; Nakamura, Jumpei G.; Oishi, Yu; Okabe, Hirotaka; Shimomura, Koichiro; Strasser, Patrick

A pulsed muon beam with unprecedented intensity will be generated by a 3-GeV 333-microA proton beam on a muon target made of 20-mm thick isotropic graphite at J-PARC MLF MUSE (Muon Science Establishment). The first muon beam was successfully generated on September 26th, 2008. Gradually upgrading the beam intensity, continuous 300-kW proton beam has been operated by a fixed target method without replacements till June of 2014. However, the lifetime of the fixed target was anticipated to be less than 1 year by the proton-irradiation damage of the graphite through 1-MW beam operation. To extend the lifetime, a muon rotating target, in which the radiation damage is distributed to a wider area, was installed in September of 2014, and continuous and stable operation has been successfully performed. Because the muon target becomes highly radioactive by the proton irradiation, the maintenance is conducted by remote handling in the Hot cell. In September of 2015, a scraper No. 1 to collimate the proton beam scattered by the target was replaced for further high-power beam operation. Recently, new developments on monitoring and maintenance of the muon target for higher power operation are in progress. In this article, perspective of muon production target at J-PARC MLF MUSE will be described.

Construction Management--Exploding Some Myths.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kluenker, Charles

1986-01-01

Construction management on educational facility projects provides boards of education with documentation showing the project is on track. Eight "myths" surrounding construction management are explained. (MLF)

Tupelo Says Goodbye to Cheap Power.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School and University, 1981

1981-01-01

Increasing hydroelectric costs jolted the Tupelo (Mississippi) School District into an energy conservation program. Corrective measures have kept operating cost increases within 10 percent. (Author/MLF)

Energy Program Updates Existing Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School and University, 1976

1976-01-01

Herricks Public School District has adopted an energy conservation program that establishes an energy consumption baseline and makes recommendations to modify systems and operational procedures. (Author/MLF)

Management Training, Yes! Excellence?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davis, Gary E.

1990-01-01

Management training programs are a necessity for transportation supervisors. Basic and advanced training programs are available through associations for business officials and university fleet management training programs. (MLF)

Characterization of germanium detectors for the measurement of the angular distribution of prompt γ-rays at the ANNRI in the MLF of the J-PARC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Takada, S.; Okudaira, T.; Goto, F.; Hirota, K.; Kimura, A.; Kitaguchi, M.; Koga, J.; Nakao, T.; Sakai, K.; Shimizu, H. M.; Yamamoto, T.; Yoshioka, T.

2018-02-01

In this study, the germanium detector assembly, installed at the Accurate Neutron-Nuclear Reaction measurement Instruments (ANNRI) in the Material and Life Science Facility (MLF) operated by the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC), has been characterized for extension to the measurement of the angular distribution of individual γ-ray transitions from neutron-induced compound states. We have developed a Monte Carlo simulation code using the GEANT4 toolkit, which can reproduce the pulse-height spectra of γ-rays from radioactive sources and (n,γ) reactions. The simulation is applicable to the measurement of γ-rays in the energy region of 0.5-11.0 MeV.

Some Old Questions Revisited.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stewart, G. Kent

1985-01-01

Discusses issues to consider in managing school space. Among these are the program-plan-budgeting system (PPBS), deferred maintenance of aging buildings, and state involvement in facility financing. (MLF)

Fighting Fair: Medication and Arbitration Etiquette.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Herman, Jerry J.

1993-01-01

Defines the use of the terms "grievance,""mediation," and "arbitration"; discusses a typical grievance procedure; and provides a management grievance checklist and an arbitration preparation checklist. (MLF)

Investment Vehicles for School Funds.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holman, Paul C.

1987-01-01

School administrators are advised to invest school funds for maximum return, coupled with safety and flexibility. The advantages and disadvantages of a variety of investment instruments are explained. (MLF)

Design Dilemma.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, Nory

1980-01-01

Two projects, the Milford (Pennsylvania) Reservation Solar Conservation Center and Prototype Passive Solar Townhouses, are designed for solar energy--one as a learning center, the other as urban infill housing. (Author/MLF)

Computer Security: The Human Element.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guynes, Carl S.; Vanacek, Michael T.

1981-01-01

The security and effectiveness of a computer system are dependent on the personnel involved. Improved personnel and organizational procedures can significantly reduce the potential for computer fraud. (Author/MLF)

Matching the Word Processor to the Job.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Synder, Carin

1982-01-01

The intelligent purchase of school office equipment, specifically word processors, typewriters, calculators, and furniture, requires analysis of present needs and a realistic evaluation of future needs. (MLF)

Teamwork Takes All.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School and University, 1983

1983-01-01

Participatory management among Gallaudet College's administration, the architect-engineer, and the construction company saved the college almost half a million dollars and still resulted in an award-winning field house. (MLF)

Construction Management: Building Schools Faster in the International Marketplace

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scarano, Joseph J.

1976-01-01

Construction management accelerates school construction, increases quality and labor productivity, lowers costs, and offers developing nations an opportunity to improve their own management capabilities. (MLF)

Mainstreaming: Time for Reassessment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Linton, Thomas E.; Juul, Kristen D.

1980-01-01

Critically examines the mainstreaming movement in the United States and the assumptions behind the movement and compares it to the situation in Scandinavia. Broader social issues are discussed. (Author/MLF)

School Assemblies: The Lost Art.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beach, Daniel R.

1979-01-01

Guidelines and suggestions are offered for successful school assemblies. The school assembly should be a positive event; an occasion for developing unity, group loyalty, and desirable audience habits. (Author/MLF)

Auto Accidents: Reducing Frequency, Increasing Recovery.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Comeaux, Linda Atkins

1988-01-01

Careful hiring, monitoring, training, discipline, and safety policies will reduce school automobile and bus accidents. Guidelines are offered for accident reporting, claim handling, and dealing with insurance adjusters. (MLF)

Trim Transportation Fuel Costs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Black, J. Dickson

1982-01-01

The change from gasoline power to compressed natural gas for 34 school buses in Bentonville (Arkansas) has saved the school district money, reduced its maintenance needs, and increased bus safety. (MLF)

Upgrading Food Service Operations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

School Business Affairs, 1983

1983-01-01

The Murphy Elementary School District in Phoenix, Arizona has cut food service costs and improved community relations by cooking and baking from "scratch" and utilizing the staff's ethnic cooking skills. (MLF)

Redistricting Eases Transportation Inflation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ryan, Fred; Krasnakevich, John R.

1981-01-01

A computer was used to produce a cost effective redistricting plan for Fall River (Massachusetts) that eliminated nine rental and three city-owned school buildings, and reduced transportation costs. (Author/MLF)

Center for Creative Studies, Detroit

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

AIA Journal, 1976

1976-01-01

One of the ten buildings chosen to receive 1976 AIA honor awards, the arts center houses the departments of sculpture, painting, graphics, advertising art, photography, and industrial design. (Author/MLF)

The Office of the Future.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Donald R.

1985-01-01

School managers can make the difference in a successfully automated school office. Before any equipment is considered, administrators need to identify problems, set goals, and select the best alternative. (MLF)

Are You Ready for TQM?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bradley, Leo H.

1993-01-01

A 20-item quiz to help school boards understand Total Quality Management (TQM) and whether they agree philosophically with TQM's tenets such as quality, continuous improvement, and employee empowerment. (MLF)

Wall System Saves Initial HVAC Costs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Modern Schools, 1976

1976-01-01

The superior insulating characteristics of an exterior wall system has enabled a Massachusetts school district to realize a savings on electric heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems. (Author/MLF)

Vo-Tech Prototype

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School and University, 1978

1978-01-01

Solar energy, heat recovery, energy-saving design, and a unique cafeteria/theater are some of the features at the award-winning Tri-County Vocational-Technical Regional High School in Franklin, Massachusetts. (MLF)

Automatic Payroll Deposit System.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davidson, D. B.

1979-01-01

The Automatic Payroll Deposit System in Yakima, Washington's Public School District No. 7, directly transmits each employee's salary amount for each pay period to a bank or other financial institution. (Author/MLF)

A Solar School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ring, Susan

1978-01-01

The solar heating system at St. Charles High School in Illinois, will be completed in January and is expected to fulfill between 40 and 80 percent of the building's heating requirements. (Author/ MLF)

Radon: The Invisible Invader.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

School Leader, 1987

1987-01-01

A brief background on indoor radon and the health risks associated with radon exposure, with special emphasis on nonresidential buildings. One school district's experience in radon testing and monitoring is included. (MLF)

School Centered Management: A Matter of Style.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rennie, Robert J.

1985-01-01

School Centered Management (SCM) focuses on the school as the center of all management endeavors. Systematic delegation, support, and accountability are parts of SCM's situational approach to management. (MLF)

Lessons Not Taught in Superintendents' School.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kaufhold, Jack

2003-01-01

Lessons left out of the formal superintendents' education include handling the school board; working with micromanagers; dealing with the once-a-month expert; communicating with parents; and keeping fit. (MLF)

Pre-Conditions for Staff Development.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Urick, Ronald V.; And Others

1981-01-01

Describes a short-term intervention program, the Awareness, Readiness, and Commitment (ARC) workshop, that provides the opportunity for school staffs to explore factors that have utility for effective change. (Author/MLF)

Corrosion Problems in Absorption Chillers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stetson, Bruce

1978-01-01

Absorption chillers use a lithium bromide solution as the medium of absorption and water as the refrigerant. Discussed are corrosion and related problems, tests and remedies, and cleaning procedures. (Author/MLF)

Manage Energy with Computers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School and University, 1982

1982-01-01

Computerized energy management at Drew University (New Jersey) is accomplished by direct digital control in which microprocessor controllers control, monitor, and carry out energy management functions at the equipment level. (Author/MLF)

Learning under the Sky.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bishop, Axel

1998-01-01

Statutes in at least 30 states require environmental education. Schoolyard ecosystems bring nature into the everyday life of students and teachers. Describes some outdoor sites in Colorado and lists information sources. (MLF)

Contract Service for School Maintenance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Modern Schools, 1976

1976-01-01

Preventive maintenance can extend useful equipment life in a school building and keep systems running more efficiently. Points to consider before selecting a comprehensive energy management package are listed. (Author/MLF)

"Simplify, Simplify."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stump, William P.

1983-01-01

An integrated electronic system combines individual monitoring and control functions into one economical unit that earns a rapid payback by automatically managing and controlling energy usage, building systems, and security and maintenance tasks. (MLF)

Hls5 regulated erythroid differentiation by modulating GATA-1 activity.

PubMed

Endersby, Raelene; Majewski, Ian J; Winteringham, Louise; Beaumont, Jennifer G; Samuels, Amy; Scaife, Robin; Lim, Esther; Crossley, Merlin; Klinken, S Peter; Lalonde, Jean-Philippe

2008-02-15

Hemopoietic lineage switch (Hls) 5 and 7 were originally isolated as genes up-regulated during an erythroid-to-myeloid lineage switch. We have shown previously that Hls7/Mlf1 imposes a monoblastoid phenotype on erythroleukemic cells. Here we show that Hls5 impedes erythroid maturation by restricting proliferation and inhibiting hemoglobin synthesis; however, Hls5 does not influence the morphology of erythroid cells. Under the influence of GATA-1, Hls5 relocates from cytoplasmic granules to the nucleus where it associates with both FOG-1 and GATA-1. In the nucleus, Hls5 is able to suppress GATA-1-mediated transactivation and reduce GATA-1 binding to DNA. We conclude that Hls5 and Hls7/Mlf1 act cooperatively to induce biochemical and phenotypic changes associated with erythroid/myeloid lineage switching.

Sunny Side Up

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murphy, Jim

1976-01-01

Energy conservation high on the client's priority list led to a solar collector roof for the new science building at the Madeira School, located in the Virginia suburbs of Washington, D.C. (Author/MLF)

Computers and Management Structure: Some Empirical Findings Re-examined

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robey, Daniel

1977-01-01

Studies that relate computerization to either centralization or decentralization of organizational decision making are reviewed. Four issues are addressed that relate to conceptual or methodological problems. (Author/MLF)

Light Motives.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Filler, Martin

1979-01-01

The new energy consciousness has led to a thorough reevaluation of how artificial lighting can be used wisely, while other researchers have explored the potential of daylighting as an alternative interior light source. (Author/MLF)

Energy Analysis.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bazjanac, Vladimir

1981-01-01

The Aquatic Center at Corvallis (Oregon) is analyzed for energy use. Energy conservation in the building would be accomplished best through heavy insulation of exterior surfaces and the maximization of passive solar gain. (Author/MLF)

Asbestos in Schools--A Special Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

School Business Affairs, 1988

1988-01-01

A magazine insert contains six short articles that deal with school district compliance with the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA). Display advertisements by asbestos-related firms accompany the insert. (MLF)

Asbestos: No Easy Solutions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Figlio, Mary Ellen

1979-01-01

Asbestos in the schools has become a serious problem. Current activity in inspecting for asbestos and plans for corrective action are discussed. Suggestions are offered administrators in choosing contractors for asbestos removal. (MLF)

Paint a Playground

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Modern Schools, 1977

1977-01-01

A new graph transfer method will enable schools to increase the use of recreational surfaces by color coating them with maps of the United States, the world, and whimsical animal game designs. (Author/MLF)

The Emerging Legislative Role in Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rosenthal, Alan

1977-01-01

Changes in the capacity, internal distribution of power, habits of work, and composition of state legislators have increased their involvement and assertiveness in educational policy formation, oversight, and control. (Author/MLF)

Full Disclosure of Financial Transactions--Present and Future Impacts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haas, Richard J.

1979-01-01

Outlines the history of the development of the government accounting standards and discusses the research conducted by three professional organizations aimed at improving governmental accounting standards. (Author/MLF)

Total Approach to Fire Safety.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burgener, Edward

1979-01-01

A study completed by the fire department of the City of Winnipeg has documented the effectiveness of smoke detectors in reducing fire losses. The entire Winnipeg fire prevention program is described. (MLF)

Cooperative Purchasing of Insurance and Risk Management Services.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maedke, Thomas F.

1988-01-01

Self Insurance (pooling) offers premium dollar savings, improved coverage, and adequate limits to school districts, governmental entities, and private-sector groups. Outlines a common and safe pool structure. (MLF)

Physical Education: Equipment for Teaching the Retarded

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chaya, John

1976-01-01

Equipment designed to help mentally retarded students develop flexibility, eye-hand and eye-foot coordination, muscle coordination, body balance and control, and social involvement in their peer group. (Author/MLF)

Solar Energy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Building Design and Construction, 1977

1977-01-01

Describes 21 completed projects now using solar energy for heating, cooling, or electricity. Included are elementary schools in Atlanta and San Diego, a technical school in Detroit, and Trinity University in San Antonio, Texas. (MLF)

Energy Conservation Guidelines for Pennsylvania Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pennsylvania State Dept. of Education, Harrisburg.

Energy conservation measures that can be effected in the architecture and engineering of new and existing school buildings are listed. Guidelines are also offered for general school operation and maintenance. (MLF)

Timing Is Everything.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brunner, Patrick M.; Shelley, Kevin D.

2001-01-01

In school construction projects a great deal of work and planning needs to happen before ground breaking starts. Lists consistent factors that should always be considered when setting up a facility-design timeline. (MLF)

Selection of an In-House Accounting System

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Napello, Dolores W.

1988-01-01

An inhouse accounting program can increase the productivity and efficiency of the school business office. Discusses basic questions regarding software, hardware requirements, training, and obtaining staff support and cooperation. (MLF)

Cool School.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stephens, Suzanne

1980-01-01

The design for Floyd Elementary School in Miami (Florida) seeks to harness solar energy to provide at least 70 percent of the annual energy for cooling needs and 90 percent for hot water. (Author/MLF)

The Control of Lighting Heat

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Modern Schools, 1973

1973-01-01

The trend toward increased lighting has accelerated the acceptance of heat recovery systems. A heating-lighting-cooling system is a responsible and efficient use of energy for future school buildings. (Author/MLF)

By the Numbers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cooper, Bruce S.; McGrath, Michael; Monahan, Brian D.; Steele, Joanne Laughlin

1999-01-01

Educators can learn from business people accounting models that can be applied to managerial accounting, integrated information systems, focused/activity-based costing, decentralized information, and mission-driven costing. A sidebar discusses measuring technology's impact. (MLF)

Creative Bus Financing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malone, Wade

1982-01-01

Alternative ways of financing school bus purchases include financing privately through contractors or commercial banks, financing through sources such as insurance companies and pension funds, leasing the buses, or contracting for transportation services. (Author/MLF)

The Philosophical Underpinnings of Public School Funding Jurisprudence.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hackney, James R., Jr.

1993-01-01

Uses the theories of John Rawls (democratic/egalitarian) and Robert Nozick (libertarian) as prisms through which to analyze judicial opinions underlying court decisions regarding public education financing. (302 footnotes) (MLF)

Asbestos: A Present Hazard in Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yeager, L. Dayle; Bilbo, David

1983-01-01

Explains what asbestos is, how it can be identified, where it has been used in educational facilities, the health hazards, government regulation, how it can be removed, and lists information sources. (MLF)

Asbestos, the Law.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McGovern, Matthew

1989-01-01

Describes structure and use of asbestos; diseases associated with asbestos exposure; legislation and regulations concerning asbestos; training requirements of individuals involved in asbestos abatement; sampling and testing whether a material contains asbestos; and liabilities. (MLF)

A Vote for Open Classrooms.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School and University, 1980

1980-01-01

Northwest High School in Wichita (Kansas) is arranged pinwheel fashion around a central commons that serves as space for eating, lockers, informal gatherings, and the foyer of a 804-seat theater. (Author/MLF)

Up Front for Business Ed

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School and University, 1978

1978-01-01

A new addition to the high school in Parma, a large suburban district near Cleveland, Ohio, contains space for business education courses and expansion of the library with an audiovisual center. (Author/MLF)

Issues and Answers about Section 504: Part 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School and University, 1979

1979-01-01

The second of several installments that address the complex issues and questions related to the implementation of the requirement that persons should have equal educational opportunity despite handicaps. (Author/MLF)

Rotunda, University of Virginia. Remodeling Portfolio

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Progressive Architecture, 1976

1976-01-01

The recently completed restoration of Thomas Jefferson's Rotunda at the University of Virginia is criticized as being the result of compromises and, consequently, an amalgam of its three previous designers. (Author/MLF)

School Law.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Splitt, David A.

1986-01-01

Discusses three cases involving the dismissal of untenured school employees who, although not covered by extensive formal due process requirements, have sought reinstatement or damages on the basis of alleged violation of their constitutional rights. (MLF)

All-Electric School Profile: Washington Elementary Educational Park

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Modern Schools, 1977

1977-01-01

Existing elementary schools in Washington, Pennsylvania, were replaced by an educational park with two two-story buildings. A heat recovery system and an additional thickness of insulation conserve energy. (MLF)

College Dorms Ringing an Inner Court.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

AIA Journal, 1979

1979-01-01

An AIA Honor Award was given for the Pembroke Dormitories at Brown University. The dormitories, said the jury, are an "outstanding example of weaving an institution into the urban fabric." (Author/MLF)

Flexible Dorms.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School and University, 1980

1980-01-01

The newest dormitory at John Carroll University, University Heights, Ohio, was designed to blend with three existing dormitories to complete a quadrangle and to respect the residential quality of the neighborhood across the street. (Author/MLF)

How to Reduce Those Costly School Bus Accidents.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Farmer, Ernest

1985-01-01

The deterrent to school bus accidents is preparedness. Training programs for drivers and mechanics, equipment specifications, and a community support base are some of the ways to prevent tragedy. (MLF)

How to Boost Power House Efficiency

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gardner, John C.

1977-01-01

A study of a university power plant and its efficiency determined the total available steam generating capacity of the existing boilers and the physical conditions that were limiting that capacity. (Author/MLF)

Surviving the Current Hard Insurance Market.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shoaf, Lawrence G.

1986-01-01

School districts can expect to see significant increases in insurance renewal premiums. Advice is offered on safety and loss control procedures, dealing with an insurance broker, and bidding for insurance coverage. (MLF)

Plant Operation: Work Week, Administration

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nation's Schools and Colleges, 1975

1975-01-01

A four-day work week for maintenance workers in the Jefferson County Public Schools in Lakewood, Colorado, reduces absenteeism and increases productivity; a basic manual for physical plant directors is reviewed. (Author/MLF)

Assessing Risk with GASB Statement No. 3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wood, Venita M.; Scott, Bob

1987-01-01

Discusses a Government Accounting Standards Board (GASB) publication designed to provide financial statement users with information to assess a government's actual and future deposit and investment market and credit risk. (MLF)

Teacher Dismissal: Indictment or Conviction for Nonsexual-Related Behavior.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beezer, Bruce

1990-01-01

Focuses on teacher dismissal for either indictment or conviction under state criminal statutes for crimes such as possession of a controlled substance, theft, embezzlement, public intoxication, and bribery. (MLF)

Job Enlargement: A Multidimensional Process

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Donaldson, Lex

1975-01-01

An evaluation study into the effects of a job enlargement exercise indicates that the expected increases in satisfaction associated with greater work variety, novelty, and felt use of abilities were achieved. (Author/MLF)

Four Schools Put Solar Heating to the Test

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School and University, 1974

1974-01-01

The National Science Foundation has awarded four companies over a million dollars to carry out solar energy space-heating experiments at different schools in Massachusetts, Minnesota, Maryland, and Virginia. (MLF)

Adapting Scheduling Programs for Educational Specifications.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Glass, Thomas E.

1984-01-01

Planners of a new Arizona school used the district's existing computerized master scheduling program to identify instructional spaces needed. Total classroom needs by subject were translated into total square footage requirements. (MLF)

Community Support for Building Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fowler, Charles W.

1975-01-01

A DeKalb, Illinois, school district involved students and community members in passing a bond tax rate and in school planning. An old hospital converted into an administrative center produces rental income. (MLF)

Energy-Conscious Design: Part 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lawrence, Jerry

1984-01-01

There are many design features that can be used to achieve an energy-efficient building. Described are task lighting, unoccupied space shutoff, onsite well with heat pump, wide-band thermostats, and solar energy. (MLF)

Nine Ways to Build Better Relations with Your Board.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fuller, Sam; Martin, Glenda

1991-01-01

Interviews with 18 South Carolina superintendents provide the background for 9 ways superintendents can build positive relations with their boards, along with comments about knowing when to move on. (MLF)

Accountability and Internal Control--Do We Really Need It?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clarke, Allan B.

1987-01-01

Briefly looks at some of the basic principles of accountability and internal control as a review of present accounting system procedures to aid administrators to ensure reliable financial records. (MLF)

Prime-Color Concept: Lighting for the Future

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Modern Schools, 1976

1976-01-01

A major technological breakthrough--the isolation and then combination of narrow bands of blue-violet, pure green, and orange-red energy--has resulted in a highly efficient white fluorescent lamp. (Author/MLF)

Marketing School Food Services.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wood, Wilma

1990-01-01

Marketing the food service program in an Ohio district is directed toward the students and also at the community, school administrators, teachers, and employees. Students are encouraged to follow a healthier way of eating. (MLF)

Asbestos Removal Case History.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haney, Stanley J.

1986-01-01

The engineer for a California school district describes the asbestos removal from the ceilings of El Camino High School. Discusses forming a design team, use of consultants, specifications, relations with contractors, and staff notification. (MLF)

Expanding Software Productivity and Power while Reducing Costs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Winer, Ellen N.

1988-01-01

Microcomputer efficiency and software economy can be achieved through file transfer and data sharing. Costs can be reduced by purchasing computer systems that allow for expansion and portability of data. (MLF)

School Lunch Is Integral Part of Education Process in Milwaukee Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

School Business Affairs, 1979

1979-01-01

The American Society of Dentistry for Children recognized the Milwaukee Board of School Directors' commitment to promoting better oral health and nutritional habits among school children. (Author/MLF)

Niskey Lake Middle School. Atlanta, Georgia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stevens, Preston, Jr.

1976-01-01

The proposed Niskey Lake Middle School is designed to have solar heating in half of the building, solar water heating for the entire facility, and solar cooling for the administration area. (Author/MLF)

Design Directions: Looking for What Is 'Missing'

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

AIA Journal, 1978

1978-01-01

In modern architecture of the 1970s, esthetic choices that appear regularly are "historicism,""high-tech," and "slick style." The Brooklyn Children's Museum is one of the many examples photographed. (Author/MLF)

Fiber Optics: No Illusion.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School and University, 1983

1983-01-01

A campus computer center at Hofstra University (New York) that holds 70 terminals for student use was first a gymnasium, then a language laboratory. Strands of fiber optics are used for the necessary wiring. (MLF)

Construction Manager or General Contractor?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McKinley, John

1991-01-01

Unlike the general contractor approach, the construction management firm acts on behalf of the school district in school construction. Examines the development and nature of construction management, and cites its advantages and disadvantages. (MLF)

Schools Must Provide Continuing Health Benefits.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Watkins, Charles M.

1986-01-01

New legislation requiring that continuing health insurance benefits be offered to employees and their families generally apply to all health care benefit plans maintained by school districts. The new regulations are explained. (MLF)

Super Kitchen Centralizes Food Service

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Modern Schools, 1975

1975-01-01

To centralize food service within the entire Pittsburgh school district, a 90,000-square-foot food service preparation building contains cranes and monorails to move 500-pound capacity vats throughout the kitchen. (Author/MLF)

Planning for Tornados.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Napier, Erv; Pritchard, Janet

1981-01-01

Tornadoes are a very real threat to many schools. Planners should be aware of a number of design and construction considerations that will help to insure safe spaces for school children and other occupants. (Author/MLF)

Energy Retrofits Can Ease the Budget Squeeze.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nordeen, Howard

1983-01-01

Computer-based building management systems can cut the energy costs of heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in school buildings. Administrators are advised on how to choose the best system. (MLF)

Buying Maintenance.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Venter, Bruce M.

1985-01-01

To maintain its 17 school buildings, the Albany, New York, school system uses private contractors whose services for labor and materials are obtained at a fixed price for a one-year period through a competitive bid. (MLF)

Shelving Maximizes Storage and Productivity.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

School Business Affairs, 1984

1984-01-01

Describes specialized units that increase storage capacity. One involves two stationary units at either end of a track, with three or more movable units and one aisle; the other is an inclined rack. (MLF)

Energy Corner: Heat Reclamation Rescues Wasted Heat.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Daugherty, Thomas

1982-01-01

Heat reclamation systems added to pre-existing central heating systems provide maximum savings at minimum cost. The benefits of a particular appliance marketed under the brand name "Energizer" are discussed. (Author/MLF)

Solar Nexus.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murphy, Jim

1980-01-01

The design team for the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI) has pushed the state of the energy art to its current limits for the initial phase, with provisions for foreseeable and even speculative future applications. (Author/MLF)

Energy Efficient School Designed for the Future

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Modern Schools, 1977

1977-01-01

When completed, the planned Greeley Elementary School will be able to accommodate any future changes in enrollment and technological developments, while maintaining a constant energy efficient heating and cooling operation. (Author/MLF)

You're Overworked, Underpaid but Reasonably Happy Anyway.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heller, Robert W.; And Others

1989-01-01

Summarizes demographic data from the 1989 survey of school executives on the sex, race, age, compensation, years in current position, working hours, and career plans of responding superintendents and principals. (MLF)

Courtyard Provides Space for New College Bookstore.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ferreri, Joseph P.; McAninch, Harold D.

1983-01-01

An open-air courtyard converted into a three-level bookstore retains its attractiveness with skylighted malls on two sides. Despite construction obstacles, the cost was a reasonable $55 per square foot. (MLF)

Where's Lunch?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School and University, 1976

1976-01-01

Food is prepared in the kitchen and brought to the students on carts at the Jackson school. The cost and space that would have been assigned to a cafeteria were diverted into the educational spaces. (Author/MLF)

Financing Capital Improvements in 2001 and Beyond.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ward, James Gordon

1989-01-01

Social, economic, and political changes will alter educational facility needs and increase the demand for financing new facilities. Anticipates the changes that may be important in planning and financing school facilities. (MLF)

Overexpression, purification, crystallization and preliminary structural studies of catabolic ornithine transcarbamylase from Lactobacillus hilgardii

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rivas, Blanca de las; Rodríguez, Héctor; Angulo, Iván

2007-07-01

The catabolic ornithine transcarbamylase (cOTC) from L. hilgardii has been overexpressed in E. coli, purified and crystallized under two different experimental conditions. The structure has been solved by the molecular-replacement method using the atomic coordinates of catabolic ornithine transcarbamylase from P. aeruginosa as the search model. The catabolic ornithine transcarbamylase (cOTC; EC 2.1.3.3) from the lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus hilgardii is a key protein involved in the degradation of arginine during malolactic fermentation. cOTC containing an N-terminal His{sub 6} tag has been overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified and crystallized under two different experimental conditions using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. Crystalsmore » obtained from a solution containing 8%(w/v) PEG 4000, 75 mM sodium acetate pH 4.6 belong to the trigonal space group P321 and have unit-cell parameters a = b = 157.04, c = 79.28 Å. Conversely, crystals grown in 20%(v/v) 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 7.5%(w/v) PEG 4000, 100 mM HEPES pH 7.8 belong to the monoclinic space group C2 and have unit-cell parameters a = 80.06, b = 148.90, c = 91.67 Å, β = 100.25°. Diffraction data were collected in-house to 3.00 and 2.91 Å resolution for trigonal and monoclinic crystals, respectively. The estimated Matthews coefficient for the crystal forms were 2.36 and 2.24 Å{sup 3} Da{sup −1}, respectively, corresponding to 48% and 45% solvent content. In both cases, the results are consistent with the presence of three protein subunits in the asymmetric unit. The structure of cOTC has been determined by the molecular-replacement method using the atomic coordinates of cOTC from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PDB code) as the search model.« less

Get the Whole Story before You Plug into a Computer Network.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vernot, David

1989-01-01

Explains the myths and marvels of computer networks; cites how several schools are utilizing networking; and summarizes where the major computer companies stand today when it comes to networking. (MLF)

Conservation Yields a Net Profit.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ober, A. Keith

1979-01-01

A Vermont school reaped a net "profit" of $13,000 in three years by using commitment, common sense, and caution. Specific measures included changing the hot water system and reducing heating and lighting. (Author/MLF)

Kids and Condoms.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harrington-Lueker, Donna

1991-01-01

Faced with an alarming number of adolescents at risk for developing AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases, school systems are tackling the controversial issue of making condoms available in schools. Three Canadian districts have installed condom machines. (MLF)

Getting Down to Business.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wood, Lonnie

1998-01-01

A dozen schools in Colorado opened their doors to professional performance auditors to evaluate their effectiveness and efficiency. The audit reports recommended finding precise costs of functions, programs, and operations; minimizing duplication; and increasing accountability. (MLF)

Radon Testing in Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wheeler, Robert

1989-01-01

Schools may be a significant source of radon exposure for children and staff. Describes radon detection kits and technologies, when to use them, and what action to take given the results of a radon test. (MLF)

School Designed To Shrug Off Vandalism

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School and University, 1974

1974-01-01

The Martin Luther King Elementary School in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is as vandal-resistant as the designers could make it. The windows, skylights, signs, and ceilings were specified with vandal resistance in mind. (Author/MLF)

New Directions for Evaporative Cooling Systems.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robison, Rita

1981-01-01

New energy saving technology can be applied to older cooling towers; in addition, evaporative chilling, a process that links a cooling tower to the chilling equipment, can reduce energy use by 80 percent. (Author/MLF)

Physical Punishment Must Be Abolished.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ratliff, Roosevelt

1980-01-01

The use of physical violence on students affronts democratic values and infringes on individual rights; furthermore, a study of school violence found a high correlation between physical punishment and violent behavior of students. (Author/MLF)

Asbestos in the Schools: Health Hazard for the Eighties.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Russo, Charles J.

1988-01-01

Reviews asbestos removal legislation and four appropriate abatement methods. Advises school districts to assist principals to develop constructive asbestos management plans and conduct workshops relevant to the health hazards of asbestos. (MLF)

This School-College Team Scores a Win for City Kids.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lawlor, James C.

1989-01-01

Two Baltimore, Maryland, institutions, Northwestern High School and Towson State University, formed a partnership to open university resources to the high school and to encourage teenagers to reconsider their opportunities. (MLF)

Implementing the Equal Access Act and State Constitutional Provisions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bjorklun, Eugene C.

1992-01-01

Examines the issue of whether implementation of the Equal Access Act would violate the constitutions of some states that require a stricter separation of church and state than the federal Constitution. (MLF)

The School Building Principal and Inventory Control: A Case for Computerization.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stronge, James

1987-01-01

General and special purpose database programs are appropriate for inventory control at the school building level. A fixed asset equipment inventory example illustrates the feasibility of computerized inventory control. (MLF)

Integrated Facilities Management and Fixed Asset Accounting.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Golz, W. C., Jr.

1984-01-01

A record of a school district's assets--land, buildings, machinery, and equipment--can be a useful management tool that meets accounting requirements and provides appropriate information for budgeting, forecasting, and facilities management. (MLF)

People Power.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Howlett, Patricia

1993-01-01

School boards need to learn how to galvanize public support. Suggests ways to communicate with and involve citizens in supporting schools. Suggestions include parent centers, television interviews, cable access, community newsletters, and opening the schools to the community. (MLF)

New Management Finance Plan for Alberta.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congdon, R. E.

1984-01-01

The Alberta Management and Finance Plan (MFP) for the administration of, distribution of, and reporting on educational funding will be implemented in stages during the next three years. A process chart illustrates the MFP. (MLF)

Facilities Newsfront

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School and University, 1977

1977-01-01

A controlled transit system of vehicles with rubber tires, using electricity from a power rail, connects the old and new campus areas at the University of West Virginia. The University of Louisville has high intensity lighting over walkways. (MLF)

Activity-Based Costing Systems for Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Day, Dennis H.

1993-01-01

Examines traditional costing models utilized in higher education and pinpoints shortcomings related to proper identification of costs. Describes activity-based costing systems as a superior alternative for cost identification, measurement, and allocation. (MLF)

Energy Extra

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

CEFP Journal, 1978

1978-01-01

Summarizes findings of an experimental research program to provide a controlled and documented evaluation of the effectiveness of proprietary combustion-type fuel-oil additives and pure compounds for reducing air pollutant emissions and for increasing boiler efficiency. (Author/MLF)

Energy: Conservation, Energy Briefs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nation's Schools and Colleges, 1975

1975-01-01

A comprehensive energy conservation program at College of the Holy Cross has saved nearly one-third of the fuel oil and one-fifth of the electricity used at the college; briefs on boilers, lights, design. (Author/MLF)

Construction Management Meets Today's Realities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Day, C. William

1979-01-01

Construction management--the control of cost and time from concept through construction--grew out of a need to meet the realities of today's economy. A checklist of services a construction manager provides is presented. (Author/MLF)

Are You Overworked . . . or Underorganized?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stegman, Wayne G.; Mackenzie, R. Alec

1985-01-01

Successful administrators practice time management by delegating effectively and scheduling blocks of time to work without interruption. In addition, they set clear goals for meetings, avoid unnecessary meetings, and use weekly and monthly calendars. (MLF)

Building and Contents Insurance.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Freese, William C.

Insurance coverage of school buildings and contents is becoming increasingly difficult to obtain, and increases of 50 percent or more in the premium are not uncommon. Methods of reducing premium increases are outlined in this speech. (MLF)

Should Seat Belts Be Required on All School Buses?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mawdsley, Ralph D.

1996-01-01

Examines the limited case law involving seat belts for school buses and explores emerging legal issues surrounding use of common law causes of action to challenge school bus safety. (51 footnotes) (MLF)

"So Now What?" Managing the Change Process.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cushman, Kathleen

1993-01-01

School reform efforts require teaching teamwork and goal setting to school personnel. Describes a number of strategies for managing organizational change with examples at specific schools. Lists Coalition of Essential Schools materials. (MLF)

Making School Food Service Work.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perry, Stephen C.

1986-01-01

Successful school food service programs require cooperation between employees and students and between the director and individual managers. Student participation can be increased by the use of marketing techniques and listening to students' requests. (MLF)

The Gym the Jocks Built.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morgan, Marylou J.

1979-01-01

Properly planned and designed facilities for both athletic and physical education programs, which would allow cooperation, peaceful coexistence, and an effective program for both, provide a challenge for innovative educational planners and architects. (Author/MLF)

Planning for Cost Effectiveness.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schlaebitz, William D.

1984-01-01

A heat pump life-cycle cost analysis is used to explain the technique. Items suggested for the life-cycle analysis approach include lighting, longer-life batteries, site maintenance, and retaining experts to inspect specific building components. (MLF)

Automated Ordering System.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, Richard M.

1981-01-01

A computer program that utilizes an optical scanning machine is used for ordering supplies in a Louisiana school system. The program provides savings in time and labor, more accurate data, and easy-to-use reports. (Author/MLF)

Schools to Scale.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gisolfi, Peter A.

1999-01-01

A firm that has designed many preschool and elementary school projects identifies three factors that are vital to successful design for young children: protection, interaction, and scale. Accompanying drawings of three projects illustrate these design principles. (MLF)

Contingency Theories of Leadership: A Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saha, Sunhir K.

1979-01-01

Some of the major contingency theories of leadership are reviewed; some results from the author's study of Fiedler's contingency model are reported; and some thoughts for the future of leadership research are provided. (Author/MLF)

Broadening Your Employee Benefit Portfolio.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blaski, Nancy J.; And Others

1989-01-01

Cost increases and realization of the diverse needs of employees have prompted organizations to review the cost and value of employee benefits. Examines alternatives including "cafeteria plans," managed care programs, and disability income plans. (MLF)

An Epstein-Barr virus immediate-early gene product trans-activates gene expression from the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat.

PubMed

Kenney, S; Kamine, J; Markovitz, D; Fenrick, R; Pagano, J

1988-03-01

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients are frequently coinfected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). In this report, we demonstrate that an EBV immediate-early gene product, BamHI MLF1, stimulates expression of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene linked to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) promoter. The HIV promoter sequences necessary for trans-activation by EBV do not include the tat-responsive sequences. In addition, in contrast to the other herpesvirus trans-activators previously studied, the EBV BamHI MLF1 gene product appears to function in part by a posttranscriptional mechanism, since it increases pHIV-CAT protein activity more than it increases HIV-CAT mRNA. This ability of an EBV gene product to activate HIV gene expression may have biologic consequences in persons coinfected with both viruses.

Feeding-dependent activation of enteric cells and sensory neurons by lymphatic fluid: evidence for a neurolymphocrine system

PubMed Central

Poole, Daniel P.; Lee, Mike; Tso, Patrick; Bunnett, Nigel W.; Yo, Sek Jin; Lieu, TinaMarie; Shiu, Amy; Wang, Jen-Chywan; Nomura, Daniel K.

2014-01-01

Lymphatic fluid is a plasma filtrate that can be viewed as having biological activity through the passive accumulation of molecules from the interstitial fluid. The possibility that lymphatic fluid is part of an active self-contained signaling process that parallels the endocrine system, through the activation of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR), has remained unexplored. We show that the GPCR lysophosphatidic acid 5 (LPA5) is found in sensory nerve fibers expressing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) that innervate the lumen of lymphatic lacteals and enteric nerves. Using LPA5 as a model for nutrient-responsive GPCRs present on sensory nerves, we demonstrate that dietary protein hydrolysate (peptone) can induce c-Fos expression in enterocytes and nerves that express LPA5. Mesenteric lymphatic fluid (MLF) mobilizes intracellular calcium in cell models expressing LPA5 upon feeding in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Primary cultured neurons of the dorsal root ganglia expressing CGRP are activated by MLF, which is enhanced upon LPA5 overexpression. Activation is independent of the known LPA5 agonists, lysophosphatidic acid and farnesyl pyrophosphate. These data bring forth a pathway for the direct stimulation of sensory nerves by luminal contents and interstitial fluid. Thus, by activating LPA5 on sensory nerves, MLF provides a means for known and yet to be identified constituents of the interstitial fluid to act as signals to comprise a “neurolymphocrine” system. PMID:24578341

Identification of oligomer proanthocyanidins (F2) isolated from grape seeds as a formyl peptide receptor 1 partial agonist.

PubMed

Yang, Jingyu; Wang, Qing; Zhao, Ruijun; Sun, Baoshan; Wang, Lihui; Hou, Yue; Li, Xiaoqin; Wu, Chunfu

2013-04-01

Formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) plays an important role in the rapid progression of glioblastoma and has been considered as a molecular target for the treatment. Previously, we have shown that oligomer proanthocyanidins (F2, degree of polymerization 2-15), isolated from grape seeds, inhibited FPR1-mediated chemotaxis of U-87 glioblastoma cells. In the present study, we investigated the capacity of F2 to interact with FPR1. The cross attenuation of chemotaxis revealed that F2 shared FPR1 with formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLF), which is a prototype agonist of FPR1. F2 was chemotactic for U-87 cells, and the chemotactic response was abolished when FPR1 gene was silenced or FPR1 was competitively occupied. We further show that F2 specifically blocked the binding of fluorescent agonist to FPR1. Interestingly, F2 exhibited the characteristic of a partial agonist for FPR1, as shown by its capacity to activate FPR1-mediated PI3K-PKC-MAPK pathways. Meanwhile, F2 also attenuated fMLF-triggered MAPK activation, suggesting that F2 could antagonize the effect of an agonist. Furthermore, F2 abolished the invasion of U-87 cells induced by fMLF. Thus, we have identified F2 as a novel, partial agonist for FPR1, which may be useful for glioblastoma therapy. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Pesticide residues in grapes, wine, and their processing products.

PubMed

Cabras, P; Angioni, A

2000-04-01

In this review the results obtained in the 1990s from research on the behavior of pesticide residues on grapes, from treatment to harvest, and their fate in drying, wine-making, and alcoholic beverage processing are reported. The fungicide residues on grapes (cyproconazole, hexaconazole, kresoxim-methyl, myclobutanil, penconazole, tetraconazole, and triadimenol), the application rates of which were of a few tens of grams per hectare, were very low after treatment and were not detectable at harvest. Pyrimethanil residues were constant up to harvest, whereas fluazinam, cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, azoxystrobin, and fludioxonil showed different disappearance rates (t(1/2) = 4.3, 12, 12.8, 15.2, and 24 days, respectively). The decay rate of the organophosphorus insecticides was very fast with t(1/2) ranging between 0.97 and 3.84 days. The drying process determined a fruit concentration of 4 times. Despite this, the residue levels of benalaxyl, phosalone, metalaxyl, and procymidone on sun-dried grapes equalled those on the fresh grape, whereas they were higher for iprodione (1.6 times) and lower for vinclozolin and dimethoate (one-third and one-fifth, respectively). In the oven-drying process, benalaxyl, metalaxyl, and vinclozolin showed the same residue value in the fresh and dried fruit, whereas iprodione and procymidone resides were lower in raisins than in the fresh fruit. The wine-making process begins with the pressing of grapes. From this moment onward, because the pesticide on the grape surface comes into contact with the must, it is in a biphasic system, made up of a liquid phase (the must) and a solid phase (cake and lees), and will be apportioned between the two phases. The new fungicides have shown no effect on alcoholic or malolactic fermentation. In some cases the presence of pesticides has also stimulated the yeasts, especially Kloeckera apiculata, to produce more alcohol. After fermentation, pesticide residues in wine were always smaller than those on the grapes and in the must, except for those pesticides that did not have a preferential partition between liquid and solid phase (azoxystrobin, dimethoate, and pyrimethanil) and were present in wine at the same concentration as on the grapes. In some cases (mepanipyrim, fluazinam, and chlorpyrifos) no detectable residues were found in the wines at the end of fermentation. From a comparison of residues in wine obtained by vinification with and without skins, it can be seen that their values were generally not different. Among the clarifying substances commonly used in wine (bentonite, charcoal, gelatin, polyvinylpolypyrrolidone, potassium caseinate, and colloidal silicon dioxide), charcoal allowed the complete elimination of most pesticides, especially at low levels, whereas the other clarifying substances were ineffective. Wine and its byproducts (cake and lees) are used in the industry to produce alcohol and alcoholic beverages. Fenthion, quinalphos, and vinclozolin pass into the distillate from the lees only if present at very high concentrations, but with a very low transfer percantage (2, 1, and 0.1%, respectively). No residue passed from the cake into the distillate, whereas fenthion and vinclozolin pass from the wine, but only at low transfer percentages (13 and 5%, respectively).

Anxiety and Stress--How They Affect Teachers, Teaching.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Youngs, Bettie Burres

1978-01-01

Principals can play an important role in the interpersonal relationships within a school building by exploring and assessing issues regarding cause and effect of the anxiety, stress, and tension that exist among personnel. (Author/MLF)

Libel and Slander Law.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schwartz, Allen D.

1982-01-01

Explains legal principles of defamation suits and how, in cases involving school personnel, determination of injury depends on whether an employee is a "public official" or a "private person." Defenses available to a school employee are discussed. (MLF)

An Argument for Early Retirement Incentive Planning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baenen, Leonard B.; Ernest, Robert C.

1982-01-01

Early retirement incentive programs are discussed as a humanitarian way of reducing payroll costs and rewarding long-tenured employees. The incentives to be considered, program communication, and problems found in incentive programs are addressed. (Author/MLF)

Leadership Is Everyone's Business.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Polglase, Kevin J.

2003-01-01

Evaluates the importance of mutual trust and understanding in the workplace, and presents practices that promote the sense of ownership and the steps necessary to instill an environment in which leadership is everyone's business. (Contains 11 references.) (Author/MLF)

Moral: Don't Ignore Harassment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sendor, Benjamin

1996-01-01

Last year, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit ruled in "Davis" that a student can sue for damages if school officials know a student is being sexually harassed but fail to intervene. (MLF)

Principals: Learn P.R. Survival Skills.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reep, Beverly B.

1988-01-01

School building level public relations depends on the principal or vice principal. Strategies designed to enhance school public relations programs include linking school and community, working with the press, and keeping morale high inside the school. (MLF)

Many Superintendents Privately Contend School Board "Meddling" Is More Like It.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trotter, Andrew; Downey, Gregg W.

1989-01-01

School board members refuse to honor the elusive line separating governance and management, policy and administration. Reviews the influence of women board members, accountability, and parental pressure on school boards. (MLF)

Bright, Light and Energy Efficient.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School and University, 1981

1981-01-01

The new Sharon Elementary School in Newburgh (Indiana) has a three-fuel plan that will allow selection of the most economical energy source for each heating season with an energy-efficient lighting system that includes skylights. (Author/MLF)

Putting Drivers to the Test: Transportation Drug and Alcohol Testing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baker, John G.

1994-01-01

Outlines what is required of school districts for compliance with new regulations that require employers to test drivers with a commercial driver's license for the illegal use of alcohol and controlled substances. (MLF)

Test Program Seeks to Lower School Heating Costs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

School Business Affairs, 1980

1980-01-01

As part of the second year of its Schoolhouse Energy Efficiency Demonstration (SEED) program, Tenneco, Inc. recently began a test of experimental window insulation material in three of the schools audited last year. (Author/MLF)

Bugs in Your Rugs? Carpet Maintenance and Indoor Air Quality.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schmidt, Edward A.

1994-01-01

This article, the second in a three-part series of articles that discuss indoor air quality (IAQ) issues affecting schools, looks at the effects of carpet maintenance and environmental influences on IAQ. (MLF)

Creating the Optimum Office Environment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Witting, Paul H.

1982-01-01

In workstation design, furniture selection and arrangement directly relate to the way in which work is accomplished. Standardized workstations are being developed to fit the specific needs of various job categories within the electronic office. (Author/MLF)

Sun Heats, Cools Columbus Tech.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School and University, 1980

1980-01-01

Solar energy heats and cools the newest building on the campus of Columbus Technical Institute in Ohio. A solar demonstration project grant from the Department of Energy covered about 77 percent of the solar cost. (Author/MLF)

A Breath of Fresh Air.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Freeman, Laurie

1996-01-01

A new elementary school in New Hampshire uses innovative European ventilation technology to ensure excellent air quality. Combined with high-efficiency lighting, the system should reduce energy consumption by 10 to 20%, compared with a traditional facility. (MLF)

Motivating Staff--A Problem for the School Administrator.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Batchler, Merv

1981-01-01

Examines the implications for educators of the "Motivation-Hygiene Theory" proposed by Frederick Herzberg. Suggests increasing staff opportunities for goal setting, decision making, and expanded professional competence as strategies for developing staff motivation. (Author/MLF)

Shedding Light on Learning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Graves, Ben E.

1985-01-01

Summarizes findings of an Alberta light/color study that looked at mood, noise levels, IQ test scores, blood pressure, and absences under fluorescent or full-spectrum light in two color schemes in four elementary schools with 700 students. (MLF)

Add School Spice: Stir Up Public Support for Your Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kurdziel, Henry P.; Elbrand, Marcia L.

1984-01-01

The South Euclid-Lyndhurst School District, Ohio, organized a week-long demonstration of actual classroom activities at the local shopping mall that increased sales on the mall and publicity for the schools. (MLF)

Metrication Experience in Construction for Government Buildings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parker, James A.

1974-01-01

Attempts to respond to questions about the possible harmful effects of "unplanned" and/or "soft" conversion to the metric system. (A paper presented at Building Research Institute conference, Washington, D.C., November 27, 1973.) (Author/MLF)

Old Time Craftsmanship.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School and University, 1983

1983-01-01

The new multipurpose building at Lourdes College (Ohio) features ceramic mosaic murals designed, executed, and fired by the art faculty. Craftsmanship shows in the woodwork, flooring, and in the more than 100 brick arches built by local masons. (Author/MLF)

Divisible Auditoriums: A Challenge to AV Systems. Part II

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wadsworth, Raymond H.

1975-01-01

The second of two articles, describing how auditoriums could be divided with different types of operable walls, covers the rotating turntable technique of dividing auditoriums and the conflicting acoustical requirements for different uses. (MLF)

The Daniel Boone Success Story: A Food Service Turnaround.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, Toula

1991-01-01

Changes in the marketing and management of a Pennsylvania food service program made it more attractive to students. An increase in student participation and operational efficiency yielded profitability in food service operations. (MLF)

Tracking and Ability Grouping in Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Drowatzky, John N.

1981-01-01

A look at identification, grouping, and instruction techniques, followed by an assessment of the legality of a properly administered tracking system and an enumeration of guidelines and due process procedures that must be followed. (Author/MLF)

Apples and Pears.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Drake, Christine

1999-01-01

A mother of one set of boy-girl twins observes that boys and girls use different strategies for learning. Contends that educators and child development specialists need to reevaluate the criteria they use to determine readiness for school. (MLF)

Life Cycle Costing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCraley, Thomas L.

1985-01-01

Life cycle costing establishes a realistic comparison of the cost of owning and operating products. The formula of initial cost plus maintenance plus operation divided by useful life identifies the best price over the lifetime of the product purchased. (MLF)

In Defence of Bureaucratic Organisation in Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lungu, Gatian F.

1985-01-01

Examines the charges against bureaucracy in education. Cites research studies in arguing that bureaucracy is needed to arbitrate conflicts from an impartial perspective and that problems are failures in application and not of bureaucracies themselves. (MLF)

Sharing the Wealth.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dow, Teri Goodall

1983-01-01

A high school computer laboratory is also available for use by community members enrolled in a computer class. Equipment security is obtained by staggering the hours of teacher aides. Faculty and staff can take computers home on weekends. (MLF)

Automated Tendering and Purchasing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DeZorzi, James M.

1980-01-01

The Middlesex County Board of Education in Hyde Park (Ontario) has developed an automated tendering/purchasing system for ordering standard items that has reduced by 80 percent the time required for tendering, evaluating, awarding, and ordering items. (Author/MLF)

Animal Rights Groups Target High School Dissection.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trotter, Andrew

1992-01-01

Two groups leading the charge against dissection are People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) and the Student Action Corps for Animals (SACA). Protests by student and community members remain the movement's strongest weapon. (MLF)

Recognizing Airborne Hazards.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schneider, Christian M.

1990-01-01

The heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in older buildings often do not adequately handle air-borne contaminants. Outlines a three-stage Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) assessment and describes a case in point at a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, school. (MLF)

Million Dollar School Arson

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilson, Harry W.

1975-01-01

Arson at a Bellevue, Washington, high school destroyed the learning resource center. Plans are currently underway to install intruder alarms in a number of schools. (Subscription $14.00 yearly, 2639 S. La Cienega Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90034.) (MLF)

Rating Your Cash Manager?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nielsen, George A.; Johannisson, Eric E.

1989-01-01

The primary objective of a public cash management policy should include safety, liquidity, yield, and legality. Contains a cash management policy/procedure checklist, a test for cash managers, and a formula for calculating the rate of return. (MLF)

The Contractor's Role in Competitive Bid Construction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Toy, G. Arlan

1986-01-01

In a competitive bid situation, the general contractor's first priority is controlling construction costs. The actions the general contractor take focus on adequate control, effective communication, efficient use of resources, and prevention of delays. (MLF)

Introduction Part II: Formal Dynamics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stephens, Suzanne

1979-01-01

In the current period of questioning of architectural values and directions, the implications of energy use on form must be confronted sooner or later. Efforts by various practitioners at combining art and technology are shown. (Author/MLF)

Designing to Save Energy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Santamaria, Joseph W.

1977-01-01

While tripling the campus size of Alvin Community College in Texas, architects and engineers cut back on nonessential lighting, recaptured waste heat, insulated everything possible, and let energy considerations dictate the size and shape of the building. (Author/MLF)

Taking Control.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arnold, David

1997-01-01

The Lowell, Massachusetts, district technology administrator and team have assumed responsibility for determining the requirements for technology and establishing the specifications and selection of equipment. Joint discussions with the architect are held to develop appropriate infrastructure and educational spaces. (MLF)

Getting It Right.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sabo, Sandra R.

1994-01-01

The school design process depends on open communication and the participation of various constituencies or customers. Today's architects use a variety of strategies to make sure they build the schools communities want. Describes approaches used by three architects. (MLF)

School Architecture: New Activities Dictate New Designs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hill, Robert

1984-01-01

Changing educational requirements have led to many school building design developments in recent years, including technologically sophisticated music and computer rooms, large school kitchens, and Title IX-mandated equal facilities available for both sexes. (MLF)

Energy Conservation--Hero or Villian?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Keith, William J. B.

1985-01-01

Energy conservation efforts have often hermetically sealed buildings without concern for air quality. The Waterloo County Board of Education, Ontario, has installed indicators to test air quality and has installed a "clean room" for children with allergies. (MLF)

We Took on the Oil Giant: Good Night, Goliath.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dombrowski, Richard J.

1988-01-01

The small school district of Channahon, Illinois challenged the assessed valuation of a local oil refinery, won the appeal, and negotiated a settlement with the company to stabilize the assessed valuation through 1990. (MLF)

In Search of Good Counsel.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tanner-Otts, Virginia

1995-01-01

School attorneys interpret state and federal laws, head off expensive lawsuits, and defend their districts aggressively in court. Offers advice on how to find and keep a good attorney. Contains a sample advertisement for the position. (MLF)

Office Automation Boosts University's Productivity.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

School Business Affairs, 1986

1986-01-01

The University of Pittsburgh has a 2-year agreement designating the Xerox Corporation as the primary supplier of word processing and related office automation equipment in order to increase productivity and more efficient use of campus resources. (MLF)

Children and Television Violence--a Survey of the Literature

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greagg, L.

1977-01-01

Describes the findings and some of the difficulties in researching the effects of television on children. Available from: Australian College of Education, 916 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia, $2.50 single copy. (Author/MLF)

NCGA Statement No. 1: Government Accounting and Financial Reporting Principles.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, John R.

1980-01-01

The background and purpose of a publication by the National Council on Governmental Accounting (NCGA) is important to school administrators because the accounting principles are being incorporated in a publication for school systems. (Author/MLF)

Negligent Hiring and Retaining of Sexually Abusive Teachers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Regotti, Terri L.

1992-01-01

Explores negligent hiring, supervision, and retention of teachers who sexually abuse students. Examines the issue of defamation and suggests school policy that will work toward eradication of sexual abuse of students by teachers. (33 references) (MLF)

Galapagos on the Potomac--Or the Evolution of Federal Policy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mann, Dale

1984-01-01

The research on effective schools provides an opportunity for federally supported school improvement. A new challenge to policymakers will be presented by the satellite delivery of a totally engineered learning environment to subscribing homes. (MLF)

The Underground Library.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School and University, 1983

1983-01-01

Recessed 25 feet below grade, the library at the Lawrence Institute of Technology has a garden area below the light well. A large atrium with four skylights above the library serves as a buffer zone and an informal gathering place. (Author/MLF)

Quality Lighting for the Learning Environment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Estes, R. C.

1984-01-01

A Houston, Texas, school district has found that indirect lighting fixtures combined with skylights lower energy bills and provide softer, more natural lighting. A principal feels the softer light may have a calming effect on students' behavior. (MLF)

Asbestos in Schools. An AS&U Roundtable.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School and University, 1985

1985-01-01

A discussion among six professionals about the status and outlook for asbestos removal in schools. The experts call for state or federal standards for asbestos in buildings and cite lack of funding as a major problem. (MLF)

Asbestos: The Case for Encapsulation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Russek, William F.

1980-01-01

Encapsulation has proven to be the safest, surest, and most permanent method of treating sprayed asbestos on ceilings and walls. Federal aid is available to help pay for inspection of school buildings for asbestos and for asbestos removal. (Author/MLF)

Planning for AHERA Compliance.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kimbrell, W. David

1988-01-01

Compliance regulations for the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) are so complex that each school district must name an asbestos coordinator. Discusses requirements for the October 12, 1988, and July 9, 1989, deadlines and how to meet these requirements. (MLF)

See You in Court.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Westbrook, Edward J.

1984-01-01

School districts must take legal action now against asbestos producers to recover the cost of asbestos removal from school buildings. State statutes of limitations, if not met, could result in school districts losing the right to recover against manufacturers. (MLF)

Outward Bound Goes to the Inner City.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buchanan, David

1993-01-01

A program at the Thompson Island Outward Bound Education Center in Boston (Massachusetts) supplements the traditional program of ropes and rocks with community service, giving urban students opportunities to try out new leadership skills in local neighborhoods. (MLF)

Energy-Conscious Design. Part 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lawrence, Jerry

1984-01-01

Practical energy-design elements adaptable for schools include building orientation and shape, inclusion of an energy-storage system, window placement, double or triple window glazing, air-curtain windows, and the use of earth berms and trees as wind breaks. (MLF)

Equity Effects of the Educational Finance Act in South Carolina.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cohn, Elchanan

1984-01-01

Equity impacts of school finance reform in South Carolina are studied with the aid of 15 different measures of equity. Results indicate considerable equity improvements in the state from 1978 to 1982. (Author/MLF)

Citizen Participation in Education: School Volunteers Broaden the Definition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alden, John W.

1980-01-01

Most citizen participation in schools involves direct service that helps to enrich the educational opportunities of children. Public policy has erred in recent years by channeling parents' interest in education solely into advisory roles. (Author/MLF)

Truth in Testing Legislation and Private Property Concepts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burns, Daniel J.

1981-01-01

Truth in testing laws are subject to challenge on the grounds that they invade federally protected rights and interests of the test-makers through the due process clauses of the Constitution and federal copyright protections. (Author/MLF)

A Summing Up. Allen Memorial Art Museum Addition, Oberlin, Ohio

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Progressive Architecture, 1977

1977-01-01

Venturi and Rauch's addition to the Allen Art Museum at Oberlin College is in two separate parts: a loft that houses new facilities for the art department and a gallery for contemporary art. (Author/MLF)

Good Asset Accounting Procedures for Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Golz, William C.

1981-01-01

Increased accountability is required in school accounting due to rising education costs and the significant investment made in property and equipment in educational facilities. Guidelines for planning and implementing a property record-keeping system are provided. (Author/MLF)

The Rechargeable, Renewable School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gale, Joseph

1974-01-01

The Piscataway (New Jersey) high school uses recessed windows and an integrated heat recovery system, made possible by its modular design, to conserve energy. Available from: New Jersey School Boards Association, P.O. Box 909, Trenton, New Jersey 08605. (Author/MLF)

Better Places to Eat.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School and University, 1981

1981-01-01

Renovation of and addition to a dining hall at the University of Georgia has doubled its size and provided a "garden" room for dining. The new student center scheduled for completion in March will have three fast food restaurants. (Author/MLF)

Cost/Value Approach to Insulation Produces Savings at Sibley School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

School Business Affairs, 1978

1978-01-01

An energy savings study revealed that adding insulation to an existing building and reducing ventilation loads would enable the school to heat both the existing building and the addition with existing boiler equipment. (Author/MLF)

Food Service Recycling: Whose Responsibility Is It?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Settanni, Barbara

1990-01-01

The food service department at a Pennsylvania school district recycles polystyrene "styrofoam" cups, plates, and food trays. In addition, the department recycles glass, aluminum, and paper. Offers advice on how to set up a school program. (MLF)

Megatrends: Megahype, Megabad.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldman, Louis

1983-01-01

Criticizes John Naisbitt's bestselling novel, "Megatrends," for reifying constructs (industrial society and information society), treating these entities as mutually exclusive, and endowing them with a life cycle. In addition, claims the novel is marred by faddish jargon and is statistically unreliable. (MLF)

Playing It Safe: Part I.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Penman, Kenneth A.; Niccolai, Frances R.

1985-01-01

The first of a series of articles explains the legal principles of tort liability, waiver of liability, comparative negligence, assumption of risk, and contributory negligence. Summarizes the kinds of cases going to court involving sport facility design and operation. (MLF)

Arbitration Is Good for You and Teachers, So Learn to Do It Right.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Singer, David, Jr.

1986-01-01

Arbitration is an effective way to resolve disagreements between school systems and their employee unions. A practicing arbitrator offers some suggestions that encourage the best use of the arbitration process. (MLF)

Lighting with Less Wattage.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School and University, 1981

1981-01-01

Schools in Wilton (Connecticut) cut electric consumption 39 percent by replacing existing lamps with new types of energy saving lamps. Fuel oil consumption dropped 53 percent largely through attention paid to the operation of boilers and oil burners. (Author/MLF)

Energy Conservation Designed into HDR's New Building

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jenkins, Larry

1974-01-01

A new building has been engineered by its engineer-owner tenants with provisions for two gas-oil hot water generators and for an electric boiler, so that operating personnel could switch to whatever fuel is available. (Author/MLF)

Stirling in Another Context.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Papademetriou, Peter

1981-01-01

An analysis and a critique of how remodeling and extension of the Rice University School of Architecture, by James Stirling, Michael Wilford, and Associates, fits into the campus plan and its eclectic style established early in this century. (Author/MLF)

Teachers Behaving Badly.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Waggoner, Chuck

2003-01-01

Incivility by teachers can turn into behavior that injures careers. Workplace "mobbing" or bullying begins when an individual becomes the target of disrespectful and harmful behavior. Recounts experiences of two teachers. Offers suggestions to school leaders to stop this incivility. (MLF)

Multimedia Instruction Puts Teachers in the Director's Chair.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trotter, Andrew

1990-01-01

Teachers can produce and direct their own instructional videos using computer-driven multimedia. Outlines the basics in combining audio and video technologies to produce videotapes that mix animated and still graphics, sound, and full-motion video. (MLF)

How to Save on Typewriter Service.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wolfe, Claude

1981-01-01

The two best reasons for purchasing a typewriter service contract are to obtain insurance against major breakdowns and service when needed. However, not every machine should be on a service contract. Guidelines are provided for deciding. (Author/MLF)

How to Help When Personal Problems Stymie Your Staff.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rice, Wandalyn

1983-01-01

A number of school districts have set up employee assistance programs (EAP) that offer help for employees having personal or family problems that affect their job performance. Guidelines for establishing an EAP are offered. (MLF)

Information, Please.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hardy, Lawrence

2003-01-01

Requirements of the No Child Left Behind Act present school districts with a massive lesson in data-driven decision-making. Technology companies offer data-management tools that organize student information from state tests. Offers districts advice in choosing a technology provider. (MLF)

What to Do until the Microprocesser Arrives.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barzilla, Frank

1983-01-01

Advises administrators how to develop an energy master plan and how to reduce the usage of heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems by means of a time clock, thermostat, and a scheduled preventive maintenance program. (MLF)

Activism in Concrete: Student Union, San Francisco State University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Progressive Architecture, 1978

1978-01-01

The San Francisco State University Student Union is a futurist design of two steel space-frame pyramids. Each contains a stairway leading to four partial floors that diminish in size as the pyramid tapers. (Author/MLF)

Seeing the Forest for the Trees. Penn State Faculty Club

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Progressive Architecture, 1977

1977-01-01

The new faculty club at Pennsylvania State University designed by Venturi and Rauch, is praised for its siting, but criticized for the institutional colors of the interior and lack of accommodation to human needs. (MLF)

No-Light Light Bulbs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Modern Schools, 1976

1976-01-01

A thumbnail sketch of some of the light bulbs manufactured for a purpose other than seeing. These "dark" lamps perform varied tasks including keeping food fresh, detecting and preventing disease, spurring plant growth, heating, and copying printed material. (Author/MLF)

Protecting Buildings from People

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Progressive Architecture, 1978

1978-01-01

Security in buildings ranges from simple locks to elaborate electronic systems. Most buildings do not need the level of sophistication it is possible to achieve. A survey of these products, however, is appropriate to appreciate their potential and variety. (Author/MLF)

Updated Classrooms for Updated Curriculum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Phillips, Joanne B.

1986-01-01

Based on an unspecified number of teachers surveyed and onsite visits, agreement exists about some features of optimum facilities for secondary classes in electronic technology. All involved wanted more security, adequate wiring, protection for the equipment, and environmental control. (MLF)

Conference Center Serves as a Solar Lab

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School and University, 1977

1977-01-01

The Alumni House Conference Center is a working example of how to use and conserve energy. The solar system is expected to provide at least a third of the building's heat in the coldest months. (Author/MLF)

Centralized Accounting and Electronic Filing Provides Efficient Receivables Collection.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

School Business Affairs, 1983

1983-01-01

An electronic filing system makes financial control manageable at Bowling Green State University, Ohio. The system enables quick access to computer-stored consolidated account data and microfilm images of charges, statements, and other billing documents. (MLF)

Corporate Support of Education: Some Strings Attached

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malott, Robert H.

1978-01-01

Corporate self-interest should guide corporate giving. Managers of publicly held corporations have the right, the capability, and the obligation to establish a philosophical screen to use in determining how shareholders' money is to be donated. (Author/MLF)

Vendors: Gifts Are the Exception to the Rule.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Natale, Jo Anna

1992-01-01

Informal interviews with several people working in different industries reveal that, without exception, the vendors say companies do not routinely offer school officials gifts and entertainment to sway purchasing decisions, but that it does happen. (MLF)

Plant Operation: Exterior Maintenance, Work Hours

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nation's Schools and Colleges, 1975

1975-01-01

A pitched roof built over a flat roof prevented leaking at a Vermont school. The University of New Hampshire paint shop has a flexible scheduling system that allows employees to choose their work hours each day. (Author/MLF)

Aspects of Decision-making in Secondary Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chater, Robin

1985-01-01

Interviews in seven English secondary schools revealed levels of teacher involvement in decisionmaking in the areas of finance and resources that ranged from schools where heads kept information confidential to one where a committee used a formula. (MLF)

Budgeting--A Management Approach for the '80s.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hodel, Ross A.

1980-01-01

Zero-base budgeting is a management tool that provides a system that is responsive to change, incorporates sound principles of management, satisfies the need to effectively shift resources, and does not overload the budget staff. (Author/MLF)

Spreading of Neutrophils: From Activation to Migration

PubMed Central

Sengupta, Kheya; Aranda-Espinoza, Helim; Smith, Lee; Janmey, Paul; Hammer, Daniel

2006-01-01

Neutrophils rely on rapid changes in morphology to ward off invaders. Time-resolved dynamics of spreading human neutrophils after activation by the chemoattractant fMLF (formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine) was observed by RICM (reflection interference contrast microscopy). An image-processing algorithm was developed to identify the changes in the overall cell shape and the zones of close contact with the substrate. We show that in the case of neutrophils, cell spreading immediately after exposure of fMLF is anisotropic and directional. The dependence of spreading area, A, of the cell as a function of time, t, shows several distinct regimes, each of which can be fitted as power laws (A ∼ tb). The different spreading regimes correspond to distinct values of the exponent b and are related to the adhesion state of the cell. Treatment with cytochalasin-B eliminated the anisotropy in the spreading. PMID:17012330

An Epstein-Barr virus immediate-early gene product trans-activates gene expression from the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat.

PubMed Central

Kenney, S; Kamine, J; Markovitz, D; Fenrick, R; Pagano, J

1988-01-01

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients are frequently coinfected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). In this report, we demonstrate that an EBV immediate-early gene product, BamHI MLF1, stimulates expression of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene linked to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) promoter. The HIV promoter sequences necessary for trans-activation by EBV do not include the tat-responsive sequences. In addition, in contrast to the other herpesvirus trans-activators previously studied, the EBV BamHI MLF1 gene product appears to function in part by a posttranscriptional mechanism, since it increases pHIV-CAT protein activity more than it increases HIV-CAT mRNA. This ability of an EBV gene product to activate HIV gene expression may have biologic consequences in persons coinfected with both viruses. Images PMID:2830625

Epstein-Barr virus immediate-early gene product trans-activates gene expression from the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kenney, S.; Kamine, J.; Markovitz, D.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients are frequently coinfected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). In this report, the authors demonstrate that an EBV immediate-early gene product, BamHI MLF1, stimulates expression of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene linked to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) promoter. The HIV promoter sequences necessary for trans-activation by EBV do not include the tat-responsive sequences. In addition, in contrast to the other herpesvirus trans-activators previously studied, the EBV BamHI MLF1 gene product appears to function in part by a posttranscriptional mechanism, since it increases pHIV-CAT protein activity more than it increases HIV-CAT mRNA. This ability of an EBVmore » gene product to activate HIV gene expression may have biologic consequences in persons coinfected with both viruses.« less

Polarization analysis for magnetic field imaging at RADEN in J-PARC/MLF

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shinohara, Takenao; Hiroi, Kosuke; Su, Yuhua; Kai, Tetsuya; Nakatani, Takeshi; Oikawa, Kenichi; Segawa, Mariko; Hayashida, Hirotoshi; Parker, Joseph D.; Matsumoto, Yoshihiro; Zhang, Shuoyuan; Kiyanagi, Yoshiaki

2017-06-01

Polarized neutron imaging is an attractive method for visualizing magnetic fields in a bulk object or in free space. In this technique polarization of neutrons transmitted through a sample is analyzed position by position to produce an image of the polarization distribution. In particular, the combination of three-dimensional spin analysis and the use of a pulsed neutron beam is very effective for the quantitative evaluation of both field strength and direction by means of the analysis of the wavelength dependent polarization vector. Recently a new imaging instrument “RADEN” has been constructed at the beam line of BL22 of the Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) at J-PARC, which is dedicated to energy-resolved neutron imaging experiments. We have designed a polarization analysis apparatus for magnetic field imaging at the RADEN instrument and have evaluated its performance.

Projections from the rostral mesencephalic reticular formation to the spinal cord - An HRP and autoradiographical tracing study in the cat

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holstege, G.; Cowie, R. J.

1989-01-01

Horseradish peroxidase was injected, or implanted unilaterally, into various levels of the spinal cord of anesthetized cats, to trace the distribution of projections to the spinal cord, of neurons in Field H of Forel, including the rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (riMLF), and the interstitial nucleus of Cajal with adjacent reticular formation (INC-RF). Results indicate that, unlike the neurons projecting to the extraocular muscle motoneurons, the major portion of the spinally projecting neurons are not located in the riMLF or INC proper, but in adjacent areas, i.e., the ventral and lateral parts of the caudal third of the Field H of Forel and in the INC-RF. Neurons in caudal Field H of Forel, project, via the ventral part of the ventral funicululs, to the lateral part of the upper cervical ventral horn.

Translocation (3;5)(q21;q34) in erythroleukemia: a molecular and in situ hybridization study.

PubMed

Kwong, Y L

1998-05-01

Translocation (3;5) is an uncommon karyotypic aberration in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). With the exception of M3, t(3;5) has been reported in every other subtype of AML, being most frequently associated with AML M6. Although a variety of breakpoints have been described, it has been suggested that the breakpoints in t(3;5) of all the reported cases should be assigned to 3q25.1 and 5q34. Recently, the breakpoints in three pediatric cases of AML M2 with t(3;5) were cloned and shown to involve the myelodysplasia/myeloid leukemia factor I (MLF1) gene on 3q25.1 and the nucleophosmin (NPM) gene on 5q34, generating a chimeric NPM/MLF1 transcript. An adult case of indolent erythroleukemia was found on karyotypic analysis to have t(3;5)(q21;q34). In about 60% of cells, the translocation was unbalanced, resulting in loss of the der(3) chromosome, implying that the critical leukemogenic sequence might reside on the der(5) chromosome. Molecular analysis of this case, however, failed to show rearrangement of the NPM gene and an MLF1/NPM transcript. A review of other reported cases of AML M6 with t(3;5) showed that the commonest breakpoint on chromosome 3 was also assigned to 3q21, as in our case. The considerable clinical, pathologic, cytogenetic and molecular differences observed in AML with t(3;5) suggest that these cases might be heterogeneous.

A Guide to the Changing Court Rulings on Union Security in the Public Sector: A Union Perspective.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Darko, Richard J.; Knapp, Janet C.

1985-01-01

The Supreme Court in "Ellis vs. Brotherhood of Railway, Airline and Steamship Clerks" has provided a systematic process for determining what constitutes union expenses properly charged to objecting nonmembers. (MLF)

Windy City Warm-up.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Halsey, Steve

1996-01-01

A campus redesign at an urban university transforms its image to a more welcoming environment. Lecture halls that previously were covered with a contiguous plaza walkway system were uncovered. Ground-level paths, lined with trees, shrubs, and grass, replaced decaying asphalt pathways. (MLF)

Farm It Out. An Interview with Steve Kramer.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

School Planning and Management, 1996

1996-01-01

Assistant Superintendent Steve Kramer explains that the primary objective of privatization in Madeira (Ohio) schools was to create more time for administrators to spend on educational issues. Transportation, food service, and custodial services are run by private companies. (MLF)

PCs and Personal Health.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lombardi, Don

1991-01-01

Studies suggest that computer work stations may induce high levels of physical and psychological stress. Advises school districts to take a proactive stance on ergonomics. Cites laws and pending litigation regulating computer use in the workspace and offers guidelines for computer users. (MLF)

Negative Statements in Letters of Recommendation: From Defamation to Defense.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clear, Delbert K.

1978-01-01

The law clearly provides protection for those who write negative recommendations; however, the standard tests for libel and slander that are used in tort suits where damages are sought for defamation of character are applicable. (Author/MLF)

Risk Financing for Schools: The Capital Markets Approach.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rudolph, Richard G.

1988-01-01

The capital markets approach is an alternative means of risk financing whereby a school system establishes and controls its own insurance company and makes systematic contributions to pay for expected and anticipated losses and their associated costs. (MLF)

Current Materials on Barrier-Free Design. Revised.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Easter Seal Society for Crippled Children and Adults, Chicago, IL.

An eight-page annotated bibliography contains material available from the National Easter Seal Society and current material available from other sources. The annotations are grouped under design, guides, planning resources, standards/legislation, and general. Ordering information is provided. (MLF)

An Eye on Operations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barna, Willian C.; Cuzzetto, Charles

1993-01-01

A permanent inhouse auditor at the Tacoma (Washington) school district provides assurance to the administration that complex systems and procedures are effective and that financial reports are accessible. Lists criteria for defining the auditor's role and methods for evaluating the auditor. (MLF)

No Child Left Behind: A Foolish Race into the Past.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marshak, David

2003-01-01

The No Child Left Behind Act, rather than preparing all students for the future, reverts to the outmoded practices of the industrial age--a narrow curriculum and the sorting of students through standardized testing. (Author/MLF)

MIT Experiments with Joint Venture Contract.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School and University, 1981

1981-01-01

A new dormitory at Massachusetts Institute of Technology was constructed using a joint venture contract with safeguards and incentives that brought university, architect, and building contractor into a closer and more productive relationship than under conventional contract arrangements. (Author/MLF)

EPA's Program for Asbestos Containing Materials in School Buildings.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Kirk A.

1979-01-01

Comments from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) concerning three recommendations (in an article in a previous issue of this journal about inspecting schools for asbestos-containing materials) that are in direct conflict with those offered by EPA. (MLF)

Indoor Air Pollution: An Energy Management Problem?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cousins, David M.; Kulba, John W.

1987-01-01

Energy conservation measures have led to airtight buildings and reduced levels of ventilation resulting in indoor air pollution. Five kinds of contaminants--tobacco smoke, combustion products, microorganisms, organic compounds, and radon--are described, their hazards considered, and countermeasures outlined. (MLF)

The Failed Metaphors of Testing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, M. Gail; Hargrove, Tracy Y.; Jones, Brett D.

2003-01-01

An essay drawn from a book on the unintended effects of high-stakes tests claims that public images of student assessment are influenced significantly by the cultural symbols of the one-room schoolhouse, sports competition, the factory model, and Disney. (Author/MLF)

Research: Hyperactivity, Placement Centers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nation's Schools and Colleges, 1975

1975-01-01

A diet that emphasizes the elimination of food containing artificial coloring and flavoring from meals served to hyperactive children has met with success in preliminary studies; college placement centers are advised to shift their emphasis from job research and counseling. (Author/MLF)

Removing Tenured Faculty for Cause.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hendrickson, Robert M.

1988-01-01

Reviews 41 cases involving removal of tenured faculty for cause decided since 1982 to clarify the specific requirements institutions must meet to guarantee due process to tenured faculty and to avoid the infringement of constitutional rights of faculty at public institutions. (MLF)

Religious Rights of Teachers in Public Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burkholder, John David

1989-01-01

Religious rights of teachers are affected in three primary areas of activities: (1) outside the school environment; (2) inside the school environment; and (3) inside the classroom. These issues are examined from the perspective of the constitutional principles involved. (MLF)

On the Trail to Fitness.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School and University, 1979

1979-01-01

The University of Hartford planned fitness trail will allow students to develop their bodies by providing a jogging route to improve cardiovascular fitness and exercise stations designed to provide warm-up exercises and improve strength, flexibility, balance, and endurance. (Author/MLF)

Establishment of Religion in Primary and Secondary Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Underwood, Julie K.

1989-01-01

A modified analysis of the "Lemon" test as set forth in Supreme Court opinions is explained, and relevant lower court cases are reviewed. Determines that the modified standard is heightened and consistently applied within K-12 education activities. (MLF)

Interactive Technology Brings Algebra to All.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kennedy, Paul A.; Chavkin, Nancy Feyl

1993-01-01

Partnership for Access to Higher Mathematics uses fiber-optic technology in a partnership program among Southwest Texas State University, the San Marcos School District, the telephone company, and the community to significantly improve the mathematical skills of at-risk students. (MLF)

On the Mind of a Child: A Conversation with Sally Shaywitz.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

D'Arcangelo, Marcia

2003-01-01

An interview with Dr. Shaywitz , pediatrician, neuroscientist, and member of the National Reading Panel, focuses on the ways the brains of young children develop and what can be done to prevent early learning difficulties. (MLF)

The Societal Curriculum and the School Curriculum: Allies or Antagonists?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cortes, Carlos E.

1979-01-01

The societal curriculum is that learned from family, peer groups, neighborhoods, mass media, and other socializing forces. Ways are suggested to use the societal curriculum in the classroom to increase critical awareness and analytical ability. (Author/MLF)

Women, Resistance to Promotion and Self-Directed Growth

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Albrecht, Maryann

1978-01-01

A general theme in interviews with 160 working women was that women had not fully integrated work into their lives. The content and delivery of a training program to meet the needs of female employees is described. (Author/MLF)

The Transfer of Risk to Others.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morley, John

1988-01-01

The exposure to risk and its potential subsequent costs are commonly financed through insurance. Another way to handle risk is by a contract defining the responsibility for loss between the parties to a contract. Guidelines with examples are provided. (MLF)

Best of College Architecture: AS&U's Architectural Competition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School and University, 1981

1981-01-01

A restoration/addition that preserves traditional New England architecture, a sleek vocational-technical college on the prairie, and two energy efficient masonry buildings were selected as winners in the 1981 American School & University Design Awards competition. (Author/MLF)

Pushing against Our Age.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Delattre, Edwin J.

1994-01-01

The ravages of illegal drugs and gangs are growing discernibly worse in many American cities. Schools and school boards are going to have to sustain hope by finding the courage to oppose youth violence, gang terrorism, and drug trafficking and consumption. (MLF)

Fast Food Can Be Profitable

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Frederick, Len

1978-01-01

The Clark County School District of Las Vegas, Nevada, has increased student participation in the school lunch program, and makes a profit. Available from Educational Economics, Capla Associates, 18 Overlook Avenue, Rochelle Park, N.J. 07662; Single copy $2.50. (Author/MLF)

GASB 8 Compliance; Guidelines to Ease the Pain.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McDougall, Donald B.

1991-01-01

Offers advice to schools and colleges attempting to bring their existing accounting procedures into conformity with "generally accepted accounting principles." Provides data categories for school asset lists and definitions of "cost" most frequently used in fixed asset management. (MLF)

Get the Most out of Your AV System Dollar. Part II

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wadsworth, Raymond H.

1974-01-01

Describes how to save money when designing AV facilities; excellent viewing from all seats is achieved by applying certain basic principles to the design of the room and the selection of the equipment. (Author/MLF)

Renovating "Lycees" in Ile-de-France.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

PEB Exchange, 1992

1992-01-01

Laws that took effect in January 1986 transferred ownership of French upper secondary schools from central government to regional authorities. Describes the use of private, competitive contracts for public building projects in the renovation and maintenance work at one institution. (MLF)

Energy Management Contract Saves Money.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

School Business Affairs, 1983

1983-01-01

An energy service contract offered to educational institutions by a commercial company guarantees a specific reduction in energy consumption over a stated term of years. The company pays for equipment upgrading, staff training, repairs, a maintenance program, and capital improvements. (MLF)

What to Ask when Contracting for Maintenance and Custodial Services.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crothall, Graeme A.

1989-01-01

Some school districts have found that maintenance and custodial services can be contracted out with cost-saving results. Contains specific questions to ask potential contractors in order to evaluate contracting for maintenance and custodial services. (MLF)

School District Health Care Expense: Moderating the Escalation Rate.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abel, Gene P.

1991-01-01

The cafeteria plan for health insurance benefits employers by reducing the overall escalation of health costs. Employees benefit by tailoring their benefit packages to their needs to including the option to decline coverage because of spouse employment. (MLF)

Selecting a Roof Membrane.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Waldron, Larry W.

1990-01-01

Offers a brief synopsis of the unique characteristics of the following roof membranes: (1) built-up roofing; (2) elastoplastic membranes; (3) modified bitumen membranes; (4) liquid applied membranes; and (5) metal roofing. A chart compares the characteristics of the raw membranes only. (MLF)

A Potential Threat to School-Finance Reform

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Odden, Allan

1975-01-01

The revisionist view that property taxes are progressive rather than regressive is contradicted by research that shows the property tax takes proportionately more from the low-income taxpayer than it does from the middle- or high-income taxpayer. (Author/MLF)

Selected Survey of Educational Law and Policy Literature.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Piele, Philip K., Comp.

1983-01-01

Annotations from three issues of "Current Index to Journals in Education" were selected on the basis of anticipated reader interest. Articles dealing with elementary and secondary education organized by subjects are followed by articles dealing with postsecondary education. (MLF)

Build It Yourself.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lundt, John C.; Matt, John

2001-01-01

As serving as its own contractor, a small district in western Montana saved money, had better control over the project, and inspired public confidence. Major advantages were cost savings, controlling the pace of construction, and the ability to cope with change orders. (MLF)

Educating Disabled Kids.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Mary

1986-01-01

Despite many accomplishments since the passing of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, not all disabled children are benefiting from the law. Examples are cited from Douglas Biklen's study of schools that have achieved the integration of disabled and nondisabled students. (MLF)

Law School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School and University, 1977

1977-01-01

The University of Minnesota Law School is a winner in the AS&U 1977 College & University Architectural Competition. The jury commented on the strong recognition of energy conservation and the skillful integration of the building with the existing campus. (Author/MLF)

Wellness and Mental Health: Characteristics and Thoughts for Educators.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McGuire, James G.; Snow, Brent M.

1994-01-01

Advises educators to become role models for the characteristics of mental health in everyday interaction with students and to create an environment where mental health characteristics can be openly discussed, practiced, and acknowledged in daily behavior. (MLF)

School Safety Down to Earth: California's Earthquake-Resistant Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Progressive Architecture, 1979

1979-01-01

Schools in California being built to resist damage by earthquakes are part of a program to meet building standards established in 1933. The three new schools presented reflect the strengths and weaknesses of the program. (Author/MLF)

School Kicks the Oil Habit.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School and University, 1981

1981-01-01

Underground geothermal water from an artesian well supplies heat for rural Haakon School District in Philip (South Dakota). The same water is then piped to the downtown business district a few blocks away and sold as fuel to participating merchants. (Author/MLF)

Using Basic Quality Management Concepts to Produce Total Quality School Buildings.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Herman, Jerry J.

1994-01-01

Quality control in designing and building school buildings depends on customer feedback. Outlines and graphically demonstrates the interrelationships among the input sources; the information acquired; and the three phases of predesign, construction, and completion. (MLF)

The Design Log: A New Informational Tool

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spivak, Mayer

1978-01-01

The design log is a record of observations, diagnoses, prescriptions, and performance specifications for each space in a structure. It is a systematic approach to design that integrates information about user needs with traditional architectural programming and design. (Author/MLF)

Rethinking Barrier-free Design

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Progressive Architecture, 1977

1977-01-01

In an effort to make the Berkeley campus more accessible to handicapped persons, a survey was taken of 66 buildings and the grounds. Further improvements demand the involvement of disabled people in the programming toward modification of the built environment. (Author/MLF)

A Reappraisal of Leadership Theory and Training.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Owens, James

1981-01-01

Reviews and organizes modern leadership theories. Notes the research supporting the main thesis of contingency theory and that effective leadership style is contingent upon situational factors. Characteristics of management training based on the contingency approach are identified. (Author/MLF)

Trading in an Energy Guzzler.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School and University, 1983

1983-01-01

An energy-conscious renovation, in which a middle school was turned into a junior high school, utilized fewer windows and an earth berm. These and other conservation measures allowed the school, now double in size, to maintain the existing heating plant. (MLF)

Energy Conservation Featured in Illinois High School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Modern Schools, 1976

1976-01-01

The William Fremd High School in Palatine, Illinois, scheduled to open in 1977, is being built with energy conservation uppermost in mind. In this system, 70 heat pumps will heat and cool 300,000 square feet of educational facilities. (Author/MLF)

The Place of Ritual in Schools: Some Observations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clancy, P. G.

1977-01-01

States that schools are backing away from the teaching of primary socialization and argues a case for ritual within the school. Available from: Australian College of Education, 916 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia, $2.50 single copy. (Author/MLF)

A New Idea: Study Centres

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mendez, G. L.; Shannon, A. G.

1977-01-01

Study centers attempt to assist in the preparation of students for their professional life by channeling their energy, talents, and leisure time in a creative and productive way. Available from: The Australian College of Education, 916 Swanston Street, Carlton 3053, Victoria, Australia. (Author/MLF)

An On-Line Computerized Personnel-Payroll Dream.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Francis, E. E.

1979-01-01

Niles Township School District 219, Skokie, Illinois, has rebuilt its personnel and payroll program. The new system provides a data bank for storage of any and all information required by both the personnel and payroll departments on each district employee. (Author/MLF)

School Technology Grows Up.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vail, Kathleen

2003-01-01

Practitioners and researchers in the education technology field asked to give their vision of the future list laptop computers, personal digital assistants, electronic testing, wireless networking, and multimedia technology among the technology advances headed soon for schools. A sidebar lists 12 online resources. (MLF)

A Wellness Program for Your Staff Sets a Healthy Example for Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wolform, Cynthia A.; And Others

1988-01-01

Employee health promotion through wellness programs can be set up at schools using existing facilities. Describes how Greenwood Area Schools in Millertown, Pennsylvania, set up a program and lists who does what in the program. (MLF)

Breathing Easy over Air Quality.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greim, Clifton; Turner, William

1991-01-01

School systems should test the air in every school building for the presence and level of contaminants such as radon and asbestos and whether the ventilation system is circulating the proper amount of air. Periodic maintenance is required for all mechanical systems. (MLF)

Indoor Air Quality: Is Increased Ventilation the Answer?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hansen, Shirley

1989-01-01

Explains how indoor air quality is affected by pollutants in the air and also by temperature, humidity, and ventilation. Increased ventilation alone seldom solves the "sick building syndrome." Lists ways to improve indoor air quality and optimize energy efficiency. (MLF)

Pesky Personnel Paperwork: Federal Reporting Requirements.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guare, Timothy E.; Bush, Robert K.

1994-01-01

Identifies federal reporting obligations that govern school districts' human resources management in the following areas: (1) Internal Revenue Service filing requirements; (2) Fair Labor Standards Act recordkeeping; (3) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission reporting; and (4) Family and Medical Leave Act recordkeeping. (MLF)

Organizational Dilemma: Sex Differences in Attitudes toward Women Held by Future Managers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tomkiewicz, Joseph; Brenner, O. C.

1982-01-01

Examines the attitudes of 275 business students on the vocational, educational, and intellectual roles of women. Findings show that the males are far more likely than females to be traditional about women's role in society. (Author/MLF)

Knitting Up the Safety Net.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nebgen, Mary

1991-01-01

In Washoe County, Nevada, public and private social service organizations, the public schools, and the business community joined together in a partnership. The Children's Cabinet has proved to be an innovative and successful model for coordinating government services and community resources for children. (MLF)

Future Fuel.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stover, Del

1991-01-01

Tough new environmental laws, coupled with fluctuating oil prices, are likely to prompt hundreds of school systems to examine alternative fuels. Literature reviews and interviews with 45 government, education, and industry officials provided data for a comparative analysis of gasoline, diesel, natural gas, methanol, and propane. (MLF)

Cutting Transportation Costs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lewis, Barbara

1982-01-01

Beginning on the front cover, this article tells how school districts are reducing their transportation costs. Particularly effective measures include the use of computers for bus maintenance and scheduling, school board ownership of buses, and the conversion of gasoline-powered buses to alternative fuels. (Author/MLF)

New Regulations Affect School Debt Financing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Olson, Carol Duane

1993-01-01

Provides an overview of changes in Treasury Regulations as they affect school debt financing, including bond and note construction and acquisition issues, other types of equipment and property financing, as well as tax and revenue anticipation notes for working capital needs. (MLF)

Site-Based Management: Crisis or Opportunity?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lausberg, Clement H.

1990-01-01

If appropriate planning occurs, business officials can support site-based management. Districts need to develop new working relationships that appropriately balance the responsibility of the business office for district finances and support services with more site-based management at the school level. (MLF)

The Legalization of Education and the Preparation of School Administrators.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sacken, Donal M.

1993-01-01

Discusses two cases in which federal courts stretched the boundaries of students' constitutional protection to void decisions it saw as palpably unfair. Suggests that the concepts of law and legalization instilled in educators can easily lead them astray. (MLF)

We Turned to Madison Avenue for Tips on Selling Our $64 Million Bond Issue.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Conyers, John G.; Francl, Terry

1989-01-01

An Illinois school system won a bond issue election with a 30-day marketing campaign. Helpful marketing practices include identification of the target audience and finding the best medium to reach the audience. (MLF)

Automated Information System for School Food Services.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hazarika, Panna; Galligan, Stephen

1982-01-01

Controlling warehousing operations and food inventory, administering school cafeteria activity, and measuring the profitability of food service operations are identified as food service administrative problems. A comprehensive school food services information system developed to address these problems is described. (Author/MLF)

Energy Conservation: Three Projects That Worked.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School and University, 1981

1981-01-01

Compact design and insulation cut energy use at a junior high school in Rexon (New Brunswick). Loma Linda University in California has reduced consumption of natural gas by installing cogeneration equipment. Morningside College in Sioux City (Iowa) has replaced deteriorating windows. (Author/MLF)

Heart House: Where Doctors Learn

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School and University, 1978

1978-01-01

The new learning center and administrative headquarters of the American College of Cardiology in Bethesda, Maryland, contain a unique classroom equipped with the highly sophisticated audiovisual aids developed to teach the latest techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease. (Author/MLF)

Canadian Constitutional Guarantee of "Liberty" as It Affects Education and Children.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Khan, Anwar N.

1993-01-01

The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution stipulates that no person is to be deprived of liberty without due process of law. Examines the Canadian courts' interpretations of "liberty" as it applies to education and children. (MLF)

How to Control Graffiti.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School and University, 1981

1981-01-01

Recent developments in chemical technology can control graffiti by using chemicals that emulsify and soften the paint and are then rinsed with water under pressure. Protective coatings are applied that allow the easy removal of spray paint by a variety of methods. (Author/MLF)

Crossing Signals

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldberger, Paul

1976-01-01

The Firemen's Training Center, New York City, consists of an administrative and teaching building built of corrugated metal and glass, with brightly colored interior spaces, and the actual training buildings, mock-ups of real buildings designed to "burn down" again and again in training sessions. (Author/MLF)

Sexual Harrassment--A Growing Problem in the Workplace.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Petersen, Donald J.; Massengill, Douglass

1982-01-01

Cites court cases and Equal Employment Opportunity Commission guidelines that affix employer liability for sexual harassment. Offers management advice on developing policies and practices for dealing with sexual harassment that are based on responses from 74 "Fortune 500" firms. (Author/MLF)

Q&A with Jim Collins.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mast, Carlotta

2003-01-01

Applies to public education the principles that begin to explain why some organizations become great and others do not. States that an organization is able to achieve greatness only by pushing in an intelligent and consistent direction for years and even decades. (MLF)

Organizational Health.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hill, Gerald D.

2003-01-01

A superintendent describes his district's use of an assessment tool to diagnosis internal conditions and relationships in the district and then prescribe action plans for improvement that were implemented through the remainder of the year. Also contains a six-point list of leadership belief statements. (MLF)

Energy Conservation Program Cuts School Gas Use by 45%.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sampson, Walt

1981-01-01

Energy conservation measures at Longmont High School (Colorado), including reducing air entry, heating water only during school hours, and lowering lighting levels, are expected to save 45 percent in natural gas usage and 20 percent in electric usage. (Author/MLF)

Hello, Columbus.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thernstrom, Stephan

1991-01-01

The European invasion five centuries ago exposed a large portion of the globe to the influence of a dynamic civilization that did much to make the modern world what it is. A Harvard history professor considers seven questions for a multicultural exploration of the Columbian Quincentenary. (MLF)

Unstop the Logjams in Your Cash Flow.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Everett, R. E.

1989-01-01

A cash flow analysis is charting expenditures and revenues against a factor of time. Explains how school systems can, by charting the congruency of revenues and expenditures carefully, develop an investment program to take maximum advantage of a positive cash position. (MLF)

Computer Training for the Real World.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School and University, 1981

1981-01-01

Hull High School in suburban Boston (Massachusetts) is rated as one of the top 10 secondary schools in the country offering a computer education program. The same computers used by the students are shared by school officials for administrative tasks. (Author/MLF)

The Future School: Designing for Student Success.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ruck, Gary

1993-01-01

Three themes of change in school planning are the future school, outsourcing, and the reconstruction of existing facilities to accommodate technological and philosophical potential. Describes the technology and the house concept at a middle school and renovations at an elementary school. (MLF)

Plugging into Energy Savings.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harrigan, Merrilee

1999-01-01

The nonprofit Alliance to Save Energy has been helping schools reduce energy consumption through a combination of retrofits, classroom instruction, and behavior. Lists eight small steps to big energy savings, among them: involve the whole school, stop leaks, turn off computers, and recycle. (MLF)

Renovations Preserve History at Vanderbilt.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kerr, Tom

1996-01-01

Vanderbilt University opted to revamp its historic residences, built in the 1920s and 1930s, rather than build new ones. Structural and life-safety deficiencies were corrected. Every one of the halls is accessible to disabled visitors and accommodates disabled residents. (MLF)

Another View of "PC vs. Mac."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DeMillion, John A.

1998-01-01

An article by Nan Wodarz in the November 1997 issue listed reasons why the Microsoft computer operating system was superior to the Apple Macintosh platform. This rebuttal contends the Macintosh is less expensive, lasts longer, and requires less technical staff for support. (MLF)

Employee Assistance Programs in Canada.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jaffe, Peter; And Others

1988-01-01

Employee assistance programs (EAP) are evaluated in questionnaire responses from 73 of 109 (67 percent) Canadian school boards and 35 (50 percent) of the clients of the EAP in London, Ontario. Explores the nature of current programs and emerging trends in this field. (MLF)

Demographic Planning: An Action Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Finch, Harold L.; Smith, Joyce

1974-01-01

Community colleges are in a good position to obtain reliable long-term forecasts of future demand. An approach developed at Johnson County Community College in Overland Park, Kansas, has enabled the college to assist other community institutions in their parallel planning efforts. (Author/MLF)

Animals Don't Belong in School.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cantor, David

1992-01-01

In response to two articles on animal rights, dissection, and the classroom that appeared in the January 1992 issue of this journal, an education specialist at People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) argues against holding animals captive in schools. (MLF)

What's Wrong with "Animal Rights"?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morrison, Adrian R.

1992-01-01

School leaders must withstand the pressures of the animal rights movement to disrupt the science curriculum. It would be tragic if this movement succeeded in turning a large number of students against the legitimate use of animals and, ultimately, against biomedical research. (MLF)

Getting Voters to Say Yes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hanbury, William A.

1991-01-01

To win voter support for school taxes, school boards should (1) study the economic and political climate; (2) use the media; (3) explain the budget; (4) recruit supporters; (5) remind people of school services and benefits; and (6) get out the vote. (MLF)

Recycling Reforms.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ravitch, Diane

2004-01-01

The onetime head of the U.S. Department of Education's research and development efforts challenges the department's new Office of Innovation and Improvement to support well-designed, promising improvements in American educational practice without frittering away federal funds on one-shot hot ideas and hucksters. (MLF)