7 CFR 457.118 - Malting barley price and quality endorsement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... highest additional value price will be used until the number of bushels covered at the higher additional... barley contract or malting barley price agreement, you must provide us with a copy of your current crop... contract or malting barley price agreement is not provided to us by the acreage reporting date. (c) Under...

Comparison between endoscopic macroscopic classification and F-18 FDG PET findings in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma patients.

PubMed

Hirose, Yasumitsu; Kaida, Hayato; Ishibashi, Masatoshi; Uozumi, Jun; Arikawa, Shunji; Kurata, Seiji; Hayabuchi, Naofumi; Nakahara, Keita; Ohshima, Koichi

2012-02-01

The aim of this study was to compare endoscopic macroscopic classification with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18 FDG) uptake in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and to investigate the usefulness of F-18 FDG positron emission tomography (PET) for diagnosing gastric MALT lymphoma. Sixteen patients with gastric MALT lymphoma who underwent F-18 FDG PET and gastrointestinal imaging modalities were included in this study. Sixteen healthy asymptomatic participants undergoing both F-18 FDG PET and endoscopy for cancer screening were in the control group. We investigated the difference of F-18 FDG uptake between the gastric MALT lymphoma and the control group and compared the uptake pattern in gastric MALT lymphoma with our macroscopic classification. The endoscopic findings of 16 gastric MALT lymphoma patients were classified macroscopically as chronic gastritis-like tumors (n = 6), depressed tumors (n = 5), and protruding tumors (n = 5). Abnormal gastric F-18 FDG uptake was observed in 63% of tumors in the gastric MALT lymphoma group and 50% of cases in the control group. The median maximum standardized uptake values for gastric MALT lymphoma patients and control group were 4.0 and 2.6, respectively, the difference of which was statistically significant (P = 0.003). F-18 FDG uptake results were positive for all protruding tumors but only 50% for chronic gastritis-like tumors and 40% for depressed-type tumors. F-18 FDG PET may be a useful method for evaluating protrusion-type gastric MALT lymphoma. When strong focal or diffuse F-18 FDG uptake is detected in the stomach, endoscopic biopsy should be performed, even if the endoscopic finding is chronic gastritis.

MicroRNA-150 Is up-regulated in extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of MALT type.

PubMed

Gebauer, Niklas; Kuba, Johannes; Senft, Andrea; Schillert, Arne; Bernard, Veronica; Thorns, Christoph

2014-01-01

The mechanisms promoting malignant transformation from chronic Helicobacter pylori-gastritis to gastric extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (MALT lymphoma) are insufficiently characterized. This follow-up study aimed to validate candidate microRNAs (miRs) in the process of neoplastic transformation. MicroRNA expression signatures (n=20) were generated for a total of 60 cases of gastric lesions ranging from Wotherspoon 0-5 employing a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach. Morphological and immunohistochemical characterization of the cohort was supplemented by PCR-based immunoglobulin heavy chain recombination studies. Quantitative expression of miR-150, miR-142.3p, miR-375 and miR-494 was significantly de-regulated in samples from MALT lymphoma compared to those from gastritis. The previously reported up-regulation of miR-150 in marginal zone lymphoma of MALT type was verified in an independent cohort of lymphoma samples employing a modified methodology. This further substantiates the role of miR-150 as a potential oncomiR in MALT lymphoma.

Clinical manifestations and epigenetic mechanisms of gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and long-term follow-up following Helicobacter pylori eradication

PubMed Central

Song, Yan; Jiang, Kui; Su, Shuai; Wang, Bangmao; Chen, Guangxia

2018-01-01

The current study aimed to summarize the clinical manifestations and identify the epigenetic mechanisms of gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, as well as evaluate the long-term effects of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication. A total of 122 patients with marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of primary gastric MALT lymphoma were enrolled in the present study. The clinical manifestations of gastric MALT lymphoma, including symptoms, H. pylori state and endoscopic type, were summarized. The response to therapy was evaluated in patients that underwent H. pylori eradication. Survival analysis was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The expression of microRNA-383 (miR-383) in tumor tissues and cell lines was determined using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, bioinformatic analyses, luciferase reporter assays. and western blot analysis identified zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2) as a direct target gene of miR-383. An MTT assay was used to examine the function of miR-383 and ZEB2 in MALT lymphoma. The clinical symptoms of patients with gastric MALT lymphoma were non-specific and included epigastric pain, abdominal discomfort and bleeding. The majority of endoscopic types were classified as ulcer, erosion and mucosa edema. The H. pylori infection rate was 79.5% (97/122) and a total of 47 patients underwent eradication therapy. Lymphoma remission was achieved in 93.6% (44/47) of patients and complete remission (CR) was achieved in 74.4% (35/47). The median follow-up time was 38 months (range, 10–132 months) and the median time taken to achieve CR was 4 months (range, 3–7 months). The estimated 3-year survival rate was 90.3% and the 5-year survival rate was 76.2%. Therefore, it was determined that patients with stage I or II gastric MALT lymphoma are able to undergo H. pylori eradication as a first-line treatment and that the survival rate of patients undergoing this treatment is high. Furthermore, it was determined that the mechanism by which miR-383 and ZEB2 contribute to MALT lymphoma progression is by the targeting of ZEB2 by miR-383, which inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells. PMID:29387204

Endocytoscopic findings of lymphomas of the stomach.

PubMed

Isomoto, Hajime; Matsushima, Kayoko; Hayashi, Tomayoshi; Imaizumi, Yoshitaka; Shiota, Junya; Ishii, Hiroyuki; Minami, Hitomi; Ohnita, Ken; Takeshima, Fuminao; Shikuwa, Saburo; Miyazaki, Yasushi; Nakao, Kazuhiko

2013-12-26

The gastric lesions of various lymphomas were observed at the cellular level using endocytoscopy. Endocytoscopy and magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging (NBI) were performed in 17 patients with lymphomas of the stomach. The lesions consisted of 7 with low-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), 5 with gastric involvement by adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), 4 with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and 1 with peripheral T-cell lymphoma. On conventional endoscopy, 9 were classified as having superficial spreading type, 7 were mass-forming type, and 1 was diffuse infiltrating type. Anti-H. pylori treatment was given in the 7 MALT lymphoma cases. NBI magnification endoscopy invariably showed dilatation or ballooning and destruction of gastric pits and elongation and distortion in microvessels. Endocytoscopy showed mucosal aggregation of interstitial cellular elements in almost all gastric lymphoma cases. The nuclear diversity in size and configuration was exclusively seen in gastric lymphomas other than MALT lymphoma, whereas the nuclei of MALT lymphoma cells were regular and small to moderate in size. Inter-glandular infiltration by lymphomatous cell elements was frequently observed in MALT lymphoma and DLBCL, but it was uncommon in peripheral gastric T-cell malignancies. Endocytoscopy could identify the disease-specific histology, the lymphoepithelial origin, as inter-glandular infiltration of cellular components in MALT lymphoma and the possibly related DLBCL cases. Complete regression (CR) was observed in 2 of the 7 MALT lymphoma patients. In the 2 patients with CR who underwent repeat endocytoscopy, the ultra-high magnification abnormalities returned to normal, while they were unchanged in those without tumor regression. On endocytoscopy, intra-glandular aggregation of cellular components was invariably identified in lymphomas of the stomach. Nuclear regularity in size and configuration may indicate the cytological grade, differentiating the indolent low-grade from aggressive lymphoproliferative diseases. The inter-glandular infiltration seen on endocytoscopy can indicate the lymphoepithelial lesions seen in MALT lymphoma and related DLBCL. Endocytoscopy would be applicable for virtual histopathological diagnosis of different lymphoproliferative disorders and their clinical assessment during ongoing endoscopy.

Redox-dependent interaction between thaumatin-like protein and β-glucan influences malting quality of barley.

PubMed

Singh, Surinder; Tripathi, Rajiv K; Lemaux, Peggy G; Buchanan, Bob B; Singh, Jaswinder

2017-07-18

Barley is the cornerstone of the malting and brewing industry. It is known that 250 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of the grain are associated with 19 malting-quality phenotypes. However, only a few of the contributing genetic components have been identified. One of these, on chromosome 4H, contains a major malting QTL, QTL2, located near the telomeric region that accounts, respectively, for 28.9% and 37.6% of the variation in the β-glucan and extract fractions of malt. In the current study, we dissected the QTL2 region using an expression- and microsynteny-based approach. From a set of 22 expressed sequence tags expressed in seeds at the malting stage, we identified a candidate gene, TLP8 ( thaumatin-like protein 8 ), which was differentially expressed and influenced malting quality. Transcript abundance and protein profiles of TLP8 were studied in different malt and feed varieties using quantitative PCR, immunoblotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The experiments demonstrated that TLP8 binds to insoluble (1, 3, 1, 4)-β-D glucan in grain extracts, thereby facilitating the removal of this undesirable polysaccharide during malting. Further, the binding of TLP8 to β-glucan was dependent on redox. These findings represent a stride forward in our understanding of the malting process and provide a foundation for future improvements in the final beer-making process.

[Successful treatment with rituximab in a patient with primary thymic MALT lymphoma complicated with acquired von Willebrand syndrome and Sjögren syndrome].

PubMed

Iwabuchi, Tamiko; Kimura, Yukihiko; Suzuki, Takashi; Hayashi, Haeru; Fujimoto, Hiroaki; Hashimoto, Yuko; Ogawa, Takashi; Kusama, Hiroshi; Fukutake, Katsuyuki; Ohyashiki, Kazuma

2011-04-01

A 53-year-old female developed epigastric discomfort and back pain in 2007. Diagnostic imaging studies demonstrated a soft tissue tumor with heterogeneous enhancement in the anterior mediastinum and multiple nodules in the right lung. She underwent expanded thymectomy with subtotal resection of the right lung. The pathological diagnosis was primary thymic mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. The patient complained of ocular discomfort, oral dryness and continuous nasal bleeding in 2007. Detailed examination led to a diagnosis of Sjögren syndrome and acquired von Willebrand syndrome. Rituximab treatment for residual disease achieved not only a reduction of the lung MALT lymphoma but also clinical and hematological remission of both syndromes. This is, to our knowledge, the first reported case of primary thymic MALT lymphoma accompanied by Sjögren and acquired von Willebrand syndromes.

[Gastric Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma Based on Outcome of Domestic Treatment].

PubMed

Jung, Jin Tae

2016-10-25

Gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. H. pylori eradication can be performed as a primary therapy regardless of H. pylori status. In Korea, six articles were published about low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma with H. pylori . Complete regression rate after H. pylori eradication is reported at 74.5% to 94.4%. Radiotherapy results in favorable clinical long-term outcomes in patients with early-stage gastric MALT lymphoma who fail H. pylori eradication therapy and those who are H. pylori negative. Chemotherapy could be reserved for patients with metastatic or high-grade lymphoma. In gastric MALT lymphoma, patients with polypoid type on initial endoscopy had a higher likelihood of recurrence than those with diffuse infiltration or ulceration types. The depth of invasion, location of lesions, and chromosomal abnormality with t(11;18) together are predictive factors for failure to remission by H. pylori eradication.

Endocytoscopic findings of lymphomas of the stomach

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background The gastric lesions of various lymphomas were observed at the cellular level using endocytoscopy. Methods Endocytoscopy and magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging (NBI) were performed in 17 patients with lymphomas of the stomach. The lesions consisted of 7 with low-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), 5 with gastric involvement by adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), 4 with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and 1 with peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Results On conventional endoscopy, 9 were classified as having superficial spreading type, 7 were mass-forming type, and 1 was diffuse infiltrating type. Anti-H. pylori treatment was given in the 7 MALT lymphoma cases. NBI magnification endoscopy invariably showed dilatation or ballooning and destruction of gastric pits and elongation and distortion in microvessels. Endocytoscopy showed mucosal aggregation of interstitial cellular elements in almost all gastric lymphoma cases. The nuclear diversity in size and configuration was exclusively seen in gastric lymphomas other than MALT lymphoma, whereas the nuclei of MALT lymphoma cells were regular and small to moderate in size. Inter-glandular infiltration by lymphomatous cell elements was frequently observed in MALT lymphoma and DLBCL, but it was uncommon in peripheral gastric T-cell malignancies. Endocytoscopy could identify the disease-specific histology, the lymphoepithelial origin, as inter-glandular infiltration of cellular components in MALT lymphoma and the possibly related DLBCL cases. Complete regression (CR) was observed in 2 of the 7 MALT lymphoma patients. In the 2 patients with CR who underwent repeat endocytoscopy, the ultra-high magnification abnormalities returned to normal, while they were unchanged in those without tumor regression. Conclusions On endocytoscopy, intra-glandular aggregation of cellular components was invariably identified in lymphomas of the stomach. Nuclear regularity in size and configuration may indicate the cytological grade, differentiating the indolent low-grade from aggressive lymphoproliferative diseases. The inter-glandular infiltration seen on endocytoscopy can indicate the lymphoepithelial lesions seen in MALT lymphoma and related DLBCL. Endocytoscopy would be applicable for virtual histopathological diagnosis of different lymphoproliferative disorders and their clinical assessment during ongoing endoscopy. PMID:24369830

Investigating on the fermentation behavior of six lactic acid bacteria strains in barley malt wort reveals limitation in key amino acids and buffer capacity.

PubMed

Nsogning, Sorelle Dongmo; Fischer, Susann; Becker, Thomas

2018-08-01

Understanding lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation behavior in malt wort is a milestone towards flavor improvement of lactic acid fermented malt beverages. Therefore, this study aims to outline deficiencies that may exist in malt wort fermentation. First, based on six LAB strains, cell viability and vitality were evaluated. Second, sugars, organic acids, amino acids, pH value and buffering capacity (BC) were monitored. Finally, the implication of key amino acids, fructose and wort BC on LAB growth was determined. Short growth phase coupled with prompt cell death and a decrease in metabolic activity was observed. Low wort BC caused rapid pH drop with lactic acid accumulation, which conversely increased the BC leading to less pH change at late-stage fermentation. Lactic acid content (≤3.9 g/L) was higher than the reported inhibitory concentration (1.8 g/L). Furthermore, sugars were still available but fructose and key amino acids lysine, arginine and glutamic acid were considerably exhausted (≤98%). Wort supplementations improved cell growth and viability leading to conclude that key amino acid depletion coupled with low BC limits LAB growth in malt wort. Then, a further increase in organic acid reduces LAB viability. This knowledge opens doors for LAB fermentation process optimization in malt wort. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effect of germination temperatures on proteolysis of the gluten-free grains sorghum and millet during malting and mashing.

PubMed

Chiba, Y; Bryce, J H; Goodfellow, V; MacKinlay, J; Agu, R C; Brosnan, J M; Bringhurst, T A; Harrison, B

2012-04-11

Our study showed that sorghum and millet followed a similar pattern of changes when they were malted under similar conditions. When the malt from these cereals was mashed, both cereal types produced wide spectra of substrates (sugars and amino acids) that are required for yeast fermentation when malted at either lower or higher temperatures. At the germination temperatures of 20, 25, and 30 °C used in malting both cereal types, production of reducing sugars and that of free amino nitrogen (FAN) were similar. This is an important quality attribute for both cereals because it implies that variation in temperature during the malting of sorghum and millet, especially when malting temperature is difficult to control, and also reflecting temperature variations, experienced in different countries, will not have an adverse effect on the production and release of amino acids and sugars required by yeast during fermentation. Such consistency in the availability of yeast food (substrates) for metabolism during fermentation when sorghum and millet are malted at various temperatures is likely to reduce processing issues when their malts are used for brewing. Although sorghum has gained wide application in the brewing industry, and has been used extensively in brewing gluten-free beer on industrial scale, this is not the case with millet. The work described here provides novel information regarding the potential of millet for brewing. When both cereals were malted, the results obtained for millet in this study followed patterns similar to those of sorghum. This suggests that millet, in terms of sugars and amino acids, can play a role similar to that of sorghum in the brewing industry. This further suggests that millet, like sorghum, would be a good raw material for brewing gluten-free beer. Inclusion of millet as a brewing raw material will increase the availability of suitable materials (raw material sustainability) for use in the production of gluten-free beer, beverages, and other products. The availability of wider range of raw materials will not only help to reduce costs of beer production, but by extension, the benefit of reduced cost of production can be gained by consumers of gluten-free beer as the product would be cheaper and more widely available.

Yield performance of Lingzhi or Reishi medicinal mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (W.Curt.:Fr.) P. Karst. (higher Basidiomycetes), using different waste materials as substrates.

PubMed

Azizi, Majid; Tavana, Maryam; Farsi, Mohammad; Oroojalian, Fatemeh

2012-01-01

In this research the effect of sawdust, malt extract, and wheat bran on yield, biological efficiency (BE), and mycelia growth of Ganoderma lucidum was investigated. Three kinds of sawdust (beech, poplar, and hornbeam) as basal medium were mixed with two levels of wheat bran (5% and 10% w/w) and malt extract (2.5% and 5% w/w) as medium supplement for production of G. lucidum in factorial experiments on the basis of completely randomized design with three replications. The results showed that various kinds of sawdust affect fruiting body yield, BE, and mycelia growth rate significantly. The highest fruiting body yield and BE (102.58 g/kg and 12.89%, respectively) were found using hornbeam sawdust. The beech sawdust promotes the mycelia growth rate more than other sawdust. Analysis of variance showed that there is a significant interaction between the sawdust type and wheat bran, sawdust type and malt extract, and wheat bran and malt extract as far as yield and BE of G. lucidum was concerned. A final comparison of the different formulae indicated that the best combinations for high yield (142.44 g/kg) and BE (18.68%) were obtained in a combination of poplar sawdust with 5% malt extract and 10% wheat bran. The highest mycelia growth rate (10.6 mm/day) was obtained in a combination of beech sawdust with 2.5% malt extract and 10% wheat bran.

Effects of hydrolyzed Chlorella vulgaris by malted barley on the immunomodulatory response in ICR mice and in Molt-4 cells.

PubMed

Kim, Na-Hyung; Kim, Kyu-Yeob; Jeong, Hyun-Ja; Kim, Hyung-Min; Hong, Seung-Heon; Um, Jae-Young

2010-07-01

Chlorella vulgaris is a unicellular and microscopic algae that is currently used in a variety of forms of tablets, capsules and liquid as a biological response modifier. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hydrolyzed Chlorella vulgaris by malted barley for its potential reduction of the immobility time in ICR mice and on the cytokine regulation in human T cell line, Molt-4. After a forced swimming test, the changes in aspects of blood biochemical parameters due to the administration of hydrolyzed Chlorella vulgaris by malted barley were examined. The effect of hydrolyzed Chlorella vulgaris by the malted barley-treated group for 14 days on the immobility time was significantly reduced in comparison with that of the control group (P < 0.01). The plasma level of blood urea nitrogen was significantly decreased in hydrolyzed Chlorella vulgaris by malted barley-treated group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, hydrolyzed Chlorella vulgaris by malted barley increased interferon-gamma and interlukin-2 levels in Molt-4 cells. These results indicate that hydrolyzed Chlorella vulgaris by malted barley is useful for immune function improvements, enhanced physical stamina, and as a candidate for an anti-fatigue or antidepressant agent.

Occurrence of (Z)-3,4-Dideoxyglucoson-3-ene in Different Types of Beer and Malt Beer as a Result of 3-Deoxyhexosone Interconversion.

PubMed

Hellwig, Michael; Nobis, Arndt; Witte, Sophia; Henle, Thomas

2016-04-06

In beer, 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) and 3-deoxygalactosone (3-DGal) are important sugar degradation products, but little is known about the relevance of the interconversion reaction between these compounds in different types of beer. In the present study, 3-DG was quantitated at concentrations of 12.9-52.7 mg/L and 3-DGal at concentrations of 6.0-26.4 mg/L in different types of beer (pilsner, wheat, bock, dark, and alcohol-free beers). The concentrations in malt beer tended to be higher. Largely overlapping concentration ranges precluded a classification of beers by their 3-deoxyglycosone contents. 3,4-Dideoxyglucoson-3-ene (3,4-DGE) was identified as an important intermediate and quantitated in beer and malt beer for the first time. The E and Z isomers of the corresponding quinoxaline were synthesized by a new synthetic approach and isolated by semipreparative HPLC. An assay was developed for quantitation of (E)- and (Z)-3,4-DGE by HPLC-MS/MS, and the Z isomer was determined at concentrations of 0.3-1.7 mg/L in beer and 0.5-4.8 mg/L in malt beer samples. The E isomer was shown to be of little importance. Concentrations of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) were twice as high as those of (Z)-3,4-DGE in beer samples (0.4-3.7 mg/L) but much higher in malt beer samples (1.6-336 mg/L).

Helicobacter pylori-Negative Primary Rectal MALT Lymphoma: Complete Remission after Radiotherapy

PubMed Central

Okamura, Takuma; Suga, Tomoaki; Iwaya, Yugo; Ito, Tetsuya; Yokosawa, Shuichi; Arakura, Norikazu; Ota, Hiroyoshi; Tanaka, Eiji

2012-01-01

Rectal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a rare condition. Although the majority of patients undergo surgical resection, a definitive treatment for rectal MALT lymphoma has not yet been established. In the present study, we report the outcome of radiotherapy in 3 patients with rectal MALT lymphoma. Our cohort ranged from 56 to 65 years of age. The male/female ratio was 1:2, and all patients were in stage I (Lugano classification) of the disease. Endoscopic findings revealed elevated lesions resembling submucosal tumors in 2 patients, and a sessile elevated lesion with a nodular surface in 1 patient. One of the 3 patients underwent magnifying endoscopy with crystal violet staining that demonstrated a type I pit pattern (Kudo's classification) lesion with a broad intervening area caused by the upthrust of the tumor from the submucosa. All patients tolerated radiotherapy at doses of 30 Gy without major complications and achieved complete remission. Follow-up ranged from 13 to 75 months (mean 51.0 months), revealing no recurrence of MALT lymphoma. As such, we propose radiotherapy to be a safe and effective means for treating rectal MALT lymphoma. PMID:22754493

27 CFR 5.23 - Alteration of class and type.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

..., flavoring, or blending materials such as caramel, straight malt or straight rye malt whiskies, fruit juices... whiskey, except that vodka may be treated with sugar in an amount not to exceed 2 grams per liter and a... shall be appropriately redesignated. In addition, in the case of straight whisky the removal of more...

27 CFR 5.23 - Alteration of class and type.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., flavoring, or blending materials such as caramel, straight malt or straight rye malt whiskies, fruit juices... whiskey, except that vodka may be treated with sugar in an amount not to exceed 2 grams per liter and a... shall be appropriately redesignated. In addition, in the case of straight whisky the removal of more...

27 CFR 7.53 - Legibility of mandatory information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS LABELING AND ADVERTISING OF MALT BEVERAGES Advertising of Malt Beverages... part that appear in any written, printed, or graphic advertisement shall be in lettering or type size... information shall be so stated in both the print and audiovisual media that it will be readily apparent to the...

Differential somatostatin and CXCR4 chemokine receptor expression in MALT-type lymphoma of gastric and extragastric origin.

PubMed

Stollberg, Susann; Kämmerer, Daniel; Neubauer, Elisa; Schulz, Stefan; Simonitsch-Klupp, Ingrid; Kiesewetter, Barbara; Raderer, Markus; Lupp, Amelie

2016-11-01

Whereas the different somatostatin receptor (SSTR) subtypes and the chemokine receptor CXCR4 are known to be expressed in a wide variety of human malignancies, comprehensive data are still lacking for MALT-type lymphomas. Overall, 55 cases of MALT-type lymphoma of both gastric and extragastric origin were evaluated for the SSTR subtype and CXCR4 expression by means of immunohistochemistry using novel monoclonal rabbit antibodies. The stainings were rated by means of the immunoreactive score and correlated with clinical data. While the CXCR4 was detected in 92 % of the cases investigated, the SSTR subtypes were much less frequently present. The SSTR5 was expressed in about 50 % of the cases, followed by the SSTR3, the SSTR2A, the SSTR4 and the SSTR1, which were present in 35, 27, 18 or 2 %, respectively, of the tumors only. Gastric lymphomas displayed a significantly higher SSTR3, SSTR4 and SSTR5 expression than extragastric tumors. A correlation between CXCR4 and Ki-67 expression was seen in gastric lymphomas, whereas primarily in extragastric tumors SSTR5 negativity was associated with poor patient outcome. The CXCR4 may serve as a promising target for diagnostics and therapy of MALT-type lymphomas, while the SSTRs appear not suitable in this respect.

Gastric lymphoma: the histology report.

PubMed

Doglioni, Claudio; Ponzoni, Maurilio; Ferreri, Andrés J M; Savio, Antonella

2011-03-01

The diagnosis of gastric MALT lymphoma is frequently difficult for the general histopathologist. During recent years there have been relevant changes in the therapeutic approach to gastric MALT lymphoma and our knowledge about its pathogenesis has greatly improved. The management of this disease actually requires a close cooperation between the histopathologist and the clinicians. The histology report of biopsies of a newly diagnosed or of an already treated case implies information of clinical and therapeutical relevance. This paper aims at giving the histopathologist a general knowledge about the state of art of this disease and its management. The diagnostic process leading to a complete and competent report is then described step by step. Copyright © 2011 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Primary extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue with multiple pure ground-glass opacities: a case report.

PubMed

Ding, Xuebing; Makino, Takashi; Koezuka, Satoshi; Azumi, Takashi; Otsuka, Hajime; Hata, Yoshinobu; Shinya, Yuichi; Tochigi, Naobumi; Shibuya, Kazutoshi; Iyoda, Akira

2017-01-25

Primary pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a low-grade B cell lymphoma that is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and a type of primary pulmonary malignant lymphoma. MALT lymphomas affecting the lung show various findings on chest computed tomography, which range from typical nodules or areas of consolidation to findings that are extremely rare in pulmonary MALT lymphomas, such as pure ground-glass opacities throughout the lung. A 35-year-old woman was found to have a few shadows with ground glass opacities on chest computed tomography (CT) in 2012. A shadow in right S10 that was initially very small increased in size over time, and was 14 × 8 mm in 2015. Other shadows also appeared. Because lung adenocarcinoma was suspected, the patient underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery with a right wedge resection of the lower lobe that included the largest nodule in S10 and other nodules. Histopathological examination of the right S10 and other lesions revealed small- or medium-sized lymphocyte-like cells that were located in the alveolar interseptal spaces. The alveolar walls remained intact. Immunohistochemical staining showed that tumor cells were positive for CD20, CD79a, and BCL2 expression. The lesions were diagnosed as extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT. We think that the ground glass opacities on CT were accounted for by MALT lesions that contained intact alveolar air spaces. The patient has remained well during 12 months of follow up after surgery. Although she did not receive chemotherapy because the MALT lymphoma lesions have been stable without progression, the patient is kept under close observation because of potential progression of the disease.

Role of Helicobacter pylori virulence factor cytotoxin-associated gene A in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma

PubMed Central

Wang, Hong-Ping; Zhu, Yong-Liang; Shao, Wei

2013-01-01

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection might initiate and contribute to the progression of lymphoma from gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Increasing evidence shows that eradication of H. pylori with antibiotic therapy can lead to regression of gastric MALT lymphoma and can result in a 10-year sustained remission. The eradication of H. pylori is the standard care for patients with gastric MALT lymphoma. Cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) protein, one of the most extensively studied H. pylori virulence factors, is strongly associated with the gastric MALT lymphoma. CagA possesses polymorphisms according to its C-terminal structure and displays different functions among areas and races. After being translocated into B lymphocytes via type IV secretion system, CagA deregulates intracellular signaling pathways in both tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent and -independent manners and/or some other pathways, and thereby promotes lymphomagenesis. A variety of proteins including p53 and protein tyrosine phosphatases-2 are involved in the malignant transformation induced by CagA. Mucosal inflammation is the foundational mechanism underlying the occurrence and development of gastric MALT lymphoma. PMID:24363512

Impact of the Soak and the Malt on the Physicochemical Properties of the Sorghum Starches

PubMed Central

Claver, Irakoze Pierre; Zhang, Haihua; Li, Qin; Zhu, Kexue; Zhou, Huiming

2010-01-01

Starches were isolated from soaked and malted sorghum and studied to understand their physicochemical and functional properties. The swelling power (SP) and the water solubility index (WSI) of both starches were nearly similar at temperatures below 50 °C, but at more than 50 °C, the starch isolated from malted sorghum showed lower SP and high WSI than those isolated from raw and soaked sorghum. The pasting properties of starches determined by rapid visco-analyzer (RVA) showed that malted sorghum starch had a lower viscosity peak value (86 BU/RVU) than raw sorghum starch (454 BU/RVU). For both sorghum, X-ray diffractograms exhibited an A-type diffraction pattern, typical of cereal starches and the relative degrees of crystallinity ranged from 9.62 to 15.50%. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed that raw sorghum starch showed an endotherm with a peak temperature (Tp) at 78.06 °C and gelatinization enthalpies of 2.83 J/g whereas five-day malted sorghum starch had a Tp at 47.22 °C and gelatinization enthalpies of 2.06 J/g. Storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) of all starch suspensions increased steeply to a maximum at 70 °C and then decreased with continuous heating. The structural analysis of malted sorghum starch showed porosity on the granule’s surface susceptible to the amylolysis. The results showed that physicochemical and functional properties of sorghum starches are influenced by soaking and malting methods. PMID:21152287

Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions during malting and beer manufacture

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gibson, Nigel B.; Costigan, Gavin T.; Swannell, Richard P. J.; Woodfield, Michael J.

Estimates have been made of the amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released during different stages of beer manufacture. The estimates are based on recent measurements and plant specification data supplied by manufacturers. Data were obtained for three main manufacturing processes (malting, wort processing and fermentation) for three commercial beer types. Some data on the speciation of emitted compounds have been obtained. Based on these measurements, an estimate of the total unabated VOC emission. from the U.K. brewing industry was calculated as 3.5 kta -1, over 95% of which was generated during barley malting. This value does not include any correction for air pollution control.

The prevalence and impact of Fusarium head blight pathogens and mycotoxins on malting barley quality in UK

PubMed Central

Nielsen, L.K.; Cook, D.J.; Edwards, S.G.; Ray, R.V.

2014-01-01

Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium and Microdochium species can significantly affect the yield of barley grain as well as the quality and safety of malt and beer. The present study provides new knowledge on the impacts of the FHB pathogen complex on the malting and brewing quality parameters of naturally infected barley. Quantitative real-time PCR and liquid chromatography double mass spectrometry were used to quantify the predominant FHB pathogens and Fusarium mycotoxins, respectively, in commercially grown UK malting barley samples collected between 2007 and 2011. The predominant Fusarium species identified across the years were F. poae, F. tricinctum and F. avenaceum. Microdochium majus was the predominant Microdochium species in 2007, 2008, 2010 and 2011 whilst Microdochium nivale predominated in 2009. Deoxynivalenol and zearalenone quantified in samples collected between 2007 and 2009 were associated with F. graminearum and F. culmorum, whilst HT-2 and T-2, and nivalenol in samples collected between 2010 and 2011 correlated positively with F. langsethiae and F. poae, respectively. Analysis of the regional distribution and yearly variation in samples from 2010 to 2011 showed significant differences in the composition of the FHB species complex. In most regions (Scotland, the South and North of England) the harvest in 2010 had higher concentrations of Fusarium spp. than in 2011, although no significant difference was observed in the Midlands between the two years. Microdochium DNA was significantly higher in 2011 and in the North of England and Scotland compared to the South or Midlands regions. Pathogens of the FHB complex impacted negatively on grain yield and quality parameters. Thousand grain weight of malting barley was affected significantly by M. nivale and M. majus whilst specific weight correlated negatively with F. avenaceum and F. graminearum. To determine the impact of sub-acute infections of the identified Fusarium and Microdochium species on malting and brewing quality of naturally infected samples, selected malting barley cultivars (Optic, Quench and Tipple) were micromalted and subjected to malt and wort analysis of key quality parameters. F. poae and M. nivale decreased germinative energy and increased water sensitivity of barley. The fungal biomass of F. poae and F. langsethiae correlated with increased wort free amino nitrogen and with decreased extract of malt. DNA of M. nivale correlated with increased malt friability as well as decreased wort filtration volume. The findings of this study indicate that the impact of species such as the newly emerging F. langsethiae, as well as F. poae and the two non-toxigenic Microdochium species should be considered when evaluating the quality of malting barley. PMID:24727381

Two Antagonistic MALT1 Auto-Cleavage Mechanisms Reveal a Role for TRAF6 to Unleash MALT1 Activation

PubMed Central

Renner, Florian; Lam, Stephen; Freuler, Felix; Gerrits, Bertran; Voshol, Johannes; Calzascia, Thomas; Régnier, Catherine H.; Renatus, Martin; Nikolay, Rainer; Israël, Laura; Bornancin, Frédéric

2017-01-01

The paracaspase MALT1 has arginine-directed proteolytic activity triggered by engagement of immune receptors. Recruitment of MALT1 into activation complexes is required for MALT1 proteolytic function. Here, co-expression of MALT1 in HEK293 cells, either with activated CARD11 and BCL10 or with TRAF6, was used to explore the mechanism of MALT1 activation at the molecular level. This work identified a prominent self-cleavage site of MALT1 isoform A (MALT1A) at R781 (R770 in MALT1B) and revealed that TRAF6 can activate MALT1 independently of the CBM. Intramolecular cleavage at R781/R770 removes a C-terminal TRAF6-binding site in both MALT1 isoforms, leaving MALT1B devoid of the two key interaction sites with TRAF6. A previously identified auto-proteolysis site of MALT1 at R149 leads to deletion of the death-domain, thereby abolishing interaction with BCL10. By using MALT1 isoforms and cleaved fragments thereof, as well as TRAF6 WT and mutant forms, this work shows that TRAF6 induces N-terminal auto-proteolytic cleavage of MALT1 at R149 and accelerates MALT1 protein turnover. The MALT1 fragment generated by N-terminal self-cleavage at R149 was labile and displayed enhanced signaling properties that required an intact K644 residue, previously shown to be a site for mono-ubiquitination of MALT1. Conversely, C-terminal self-cleavage at R781/R770 hampered the ability for self-cleavage at R149 and stabilized MALT1 by hindering interaction with TRAF6. C-terminal self-cleavage had limited impact on MALT1A but severely reduced MALT1B proteolytic and signaling functions. It also abrogated NF-κB activation by N-terminally cleaved MALT1A. Altogether, this study provides further insights into mechanisms that regulate the scaffolding and activation cycle of MALT1. It also emphasizes the reduced functional capacity of MALT1B as compared to MALT1A. PMID:28052131

Role of Helicobacter pylori virulence factor cytotoxin-associated gene A in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.

PubMed

Wang, Hong-Ping; Zhu, Yong-Liang; Shao, Wei

2013-12-07

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection might initiate and contribute to the progression of lymphoma from gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Increasing evidence shows that eradication of H. pylori with antibiotic therapy can lead to regression of gastric MALT lymphoma and can result in a 10-year sustained remission. The eradication of H. pylori is the standard care for patients with gastric MALT lymphoma. Cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) protein, one of the most extensively studied H. pylori virulence factors, is strongly associated with the gastric MALT lymphoma. CagA possesses polymorphisms according to its C-terminal structure and displays different functions among areas and races. After being translocated into B lymphocytes via type IV secretion system, CagA deregulates intracellular signaling pathways in both tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent and -independent manners and/or some other pathways, and thereby promotes lymphomagenesis. A variety of proteins including p53 and protein tyrosine phosphatases-2 are involved in the malignant transformation induced by CagA. Mucosal inflammation is the foundational mechanism underlying the occurrence and development of gastric MALT lymphoma. © 2013 Baishideng Publishing Group Co., Limited. All rights reserved.

Efficacy of Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Gastric Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma.

PubMed

Hwang, Jin Won; Jee, Sam Ryong; Lee, Sang Heon; Kim, Ji Hyun; Seol, Sang Yong; Lee, Seok Mo

2016-04-25

This study evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT (F-18 FDG PET/CT) for patients with gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and examined the association between FDG avidity and the clinical factors affecting lesions. Among the patients diagnosed with gastric MALT lymphoma, 16 who underwent a PET/CT for gastric MALT lymphoma were semi-quantitatively and qualitatively tested for FDG avidity of lesions in the stomach. Retrospectively collected data was analyzed to investigate the clinicoradiological factors and endoscopic findings between the patients with positive F-18 FDG PET/CT scans and those with negative scans. Eight of the 16 patients showed FDG avidity. When comparing the size of lesions in the stomach, the patients with FDG avidity had significantly larger lesions than those without (28.8 mm vs. 15.0 mm, p=0.03). The FDG-avid group has a significantly higher rate of positive CT scans than the non-avid group (75% vs. 13%, p=0.03). According to the endoscopic finding of the lesions, FDG avidity was pronounced with 75% of the protruding tumors, and 100% of the erosive-ulcerative types, which are a type of depressed tumors. When gastric MALT lymphoma is large, when lesions are found using abdominal CT scans, and the macroscopic appearance of a lesion is that of a protruding tumor or erosive-ulcerative type of depressed tumor, there is a high probability that such patients may have a positive F-18 FDG PET/CT scan.

Non-random loss of chromosome 3 during transition of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric MALT to B-cell MALT lymphoma revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

PubMed

Banerjee, S K; Weston, A P; Persons, D L; Campbell, D R

1997-12-16

Acquired gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) accumulates as a result of long-standing Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and from this acquired MALT, low-grade B-cell MALT lymphoma may develop. Carcinogenesis is a multistep, multifactorial process involving the progressive accumulation of genetic changes. To determine whether numerical chromosomal alterations are involved in the transition of H. pylori-associated human gastric MALT to low-grade B-cell MALT lymphoma, frozen biopsy specimens prospectively obtained from H. pylori positive gastric MALT and gastric MALT lymphoma patients, as well as normal control patients (normal gastroscopy/gastric mucosal histology/H. pylori negative), were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Fluorescent, directly labeled alpha-satellite DNA probes, specific for the centromeres of chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 11, 17 and Y were used in this study. The non-random loss of chromosome 3 was detected in two MALT patients and in all five MALT lymphoma patients. Trisomy 17 was detected in one MALT patient and one MALT lymphoma patient. Trisomy 1 was detected in a single MALT lymphoma patient as was trisomy 3. None of the MALT patients had trisomy 3 or trisomy 1. Monosomy 17 was noted in one MALT lymphoma patient. Clonal aneusomy was not observed in any patient for chromosomes Y, 4 or 11. These results suggest that the consistent loss of chromosome 3 may be an important genetic alteration in the transformation of H. pylori-associated gastric MALT into low-grade B-cell gastric MALT lymphoma.

Clinicopathological features of gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas: high grade transformation and comparison with diffuse large B cell lymphomas without MALT lymphoma features

PubMed Central

Yoshino, T.; Omonishi, K.; Kobayashi, K.; Mannami, T.; Okada, H.; Mizuno, M.; Yamadori, I.; Kondo, E.; Akagi, T.

2000-01-01

Aims—To investigate the clinicopathological differences among gastric low grade MALT lymphomas (low MALT), large B cell lymphomas with low grade components (secondary high grade MALT lymphomas, high MALT), and diffuse large B cell lymphomas without low grade features (primary high grade MALT lymphomas, DLL). Methods—Clinicopathological and morphological characters of 126 gastric lymphoma cases were studied: 82 cases of low MALT lymphoma including 40 that were surgically resected, 17 cases of high MALT lymphoma including 13 surgically resected, and 27 cases of DLL including 12 surgically resected. Results—Age ranges were as follows: low MALT lymphoma, 34 to 85 years (mean 59.9); high MALT lymphoma, 53 to 88 years (mean 68.5); DLL, 29 to 83 years (mean 62.3). The average age for low and high MALT lymphomas was significantly different (p < 0.05), but there were no differences in other comparisons. There was a female predominance of low MALT lymphoma patients (female to male ratio, 47/35), while for high MALT patients the ratio was almost even (8/9), and for DLL patients there was a male predominance (11/16). Examination of surgically resected material showed that MALT lymphomas had a wider distribution in the gastric wall than DLL. Conclusions—The findings suggest that at least some of the high grade gastric lymphomas, especially in patients younger than the fifth decade, do not originate from high grade transformation of low MALT lymphomas. It seems to take about one decade at least for high grade transformation of low MALT lymphomas. Key Words: MALT lymphoma • stomach • transformation PMID:10823136

Lymphoma of the Urinary Bladder

PubMed Central

Venyo, Anthony Kodzo-Grey

2014-01-01

Background. Lymphoma of the urinary bladder (LUB) is rare. Aims. To review the literature on LUB. Methods. Various internet databases were used. Results. LUB can be either primary or secondary. The tumour has female predominance; most cases occur in middle-age women. Secondary LUB occurs in 10% to 25% of leukemias/lymphomas and in advanced-stage systemic lymphoma. Less than 100 cases have been reported. MALT typically affects adults older than 60 years; 75% are female. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is also common and may arise from transformation of MALT. LUB presents with haematuria, dysuria, urinary frequency, nocturia, and abdominal or back pain. Macroscopic examination of LUBs show large discrete tumours centred in the dome or lateral walls of the bladder. Positive staining of LUB varies by the subtype of lymphoma; B-cell lymphomas are CD20 positive. MALT lymphoma is positively stained for CD20, CD19, and FMC7 and negatively stained for CD5, CD10, and CD11c. LUB stains negatively with Pan-keratin, vimentin, CK20, and CK7. MALT lymphoma exhibits t(11; 18)(q21: 21). Radiotherapy is an effective treatment for the MALT type of LUB with no recurrence. Conclusions. LUB is diagnosed by its characteristic morphology and immunohistochemical characteristics. Radiotherapy is a useful treatment. PMID:24511310

Investigation of Ancient Egyptian Baking and Brewing Methods by Correlative Microscopy

PubMed

Samuel

1996-07-26

Ancient Egyptian methods of baking and brewing are investigated by optical and scanning electron microscopy of desiccated bread loaves and beer remains. The results suggest that current conceptions about ancient Egyptian bread and beer making should be modified. Bread was made not only with flour from raw grain, but sometimes also with malt and with yeast. Brewing blended cooked and uncooked malt with water; the mixture was strained free of husk before inoculation with yeast.

7 CFR 810.204 - Grades and grade requirements for Six-rowed Malting barley and Six-rowed Blue Malting barley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... barley and Six-rowed Blue Malting barley. 810.204 Section 810.204 Agriculture Regulations of the... requirements for Six-rowed Malting barley and Six-rowed Blue Malting barley. Grade Minimum limits of— Test... and Six-rowed Blue Malting barley varieties not meeting the requirements of this section shall be...

7 CFR 810.204 - Grades and grade requirements for Six-rowed Malting barley and Six-rowed Blue Malting barley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... barley and Six-rowed Blue Malting barley. 810.204 Section 810.204 Agriculture Regulations of the... requirements for Six-rowed Malting barley and Six-rowed Blue Malting barley. Grade Minimum limits of— Test... and Six-rowed Blue Malting barley varieties not meeting the requirements of this section shall be...

7 CFR 810.204 - Grades and grade requirements for Six-rowed Malting barley and Six-rowed Blue Malting barley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... barley and Six-rowed Blue Malting barley. 810.204 Section 810.204 Agriculture Regulations of the... requirements for Six-rowed Malting barley and Six-rowed Blue Malting barley. Grade Minimum limits of— Test... and Six-rowed Blue Malting barley varieties not meeting the requirements of this section shall be...

7 CFR 810.204 - Grades and grade requirements for Six-rowed Malting barley and Six-rowed Blue Malting barley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... barley and Six-rowed Blue Malting barley. 810.204 Section 810.204 Agriculture Regulations of the... requirements for Six-rowed Malting barley and Six-rowed Blue Malting barley. Grade Minimum limits of— Test... and Six-rowed Blue Malting barley varieties not meeting the requirements of this section shall be...

Bioaccessible mineral content of malted finger millet (Eleusine coracana), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and barley (Hordeum vulgare).

PubMed

Platel, Kalpana; Eipeson, Sushma W; Srinivasan, Krishnapura

2010-07-14

Malted grains are extensively used in weaning and geriatric foods. Malting generally improves the nutrient content and digestibility of foods. The present investigation examined the influence of malting of finger millet, wheat, and barley on the bioaccessibility of iron, zinc, calcium, copper, and manganese. Malting increased the bioaccessibility of iron by >3-fold from the two varieties of finger millet and by >2-fold from wheat, whereas such a beneficial influence was not seen in barley. The bioaccessibility of zinc from wheat and barley increased to an extent of 234 and 100%, respectively, as a result of malting. However, malting reduced the bioaccessibility of zinc from finger millet. Malting marginally increased the bioaccessibility of calcium from white finger millet and wheat. Whereas malting did not exert any influence on bioaccessibility of copper from finger millet and wheat, it significantly decreased (75%) the same from barley. Malting did increase the bioaccessibility of manganese from brown finger millet (17%) and wheat (42%). Thus, malting could be an appropriate food-based strategy to derive iron and other minerals maximally from food grains.

Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma

PubMed Central

Park, Jeong Bae; Koo, Ja Seol

2014-01-01

Gastrointestinal lymphoma is the most common type of extranodal lymphoma, and most commonly affects the stomach. Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma are the most common histologic types of gastric lymphoma. Despite its increasing incidence, diagnosis of gastric lymphoma is difficult at an earlier stage due to its nonspecific symptoms and endoscopic findings, and, thus, a high index of suspicion, and multiple, deep, repeated biopsies at abnormally and normally appearing sites in the stomach are needed. In addition, testing for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and endoscopic ultrasonography to determine the depth of tumor invasion and involvement of regional lymph nodes is essential for predicting response to H. pylori eradication and for assessment of disease progression. In addition, H. pylori infection and MALT lymphoma development are associated, and complete regression of low-grade MALT lymphomas after H. pylori eradication has been demonstrated. Radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy can be used in cases that show poor response to H. pylori eradication, negativity for H. pylori infection, or high-grade lymphoma. PMID:24659867

Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.

PubMed

Park, Jeong Bae; Koo, Ja Seol

2014-03-21

Gastrointestinal lymphoma is the most common type of extranodal lymphoma, and most commonly affects the stomach. Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma are the most common histologic types of gastric lymphoma. Despite its increasing incidence, diagnosis of gastric lymphoma is difficult at an earlier stage due to its nonspecific symptoms and endoscopic findings, and, thus, a high index of suspicion, and multiple, deep, repeated biopsies at abnormally and normally appearing sites in the stomach are needed. In addition, testing for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and endoscopic ultrasonography to determine the depth of tumor invasion and involvement of regional lymph nodes is essential for predicting response to H. pylori eradication and for assessment of disease progression. In addition, H. pylori infection and MALT lymphoma development are associated, and complete regression of low-grade MALT lymphomas after H. pylori eradication has been demonstrated. Radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy can be used in cases that show poor response to H. pylori eradication, negativity for H. pylori infection, or high-grade lymphoma.

Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type arising in the pleura with pleural fibrous plaques in a lathe worker.

PubMed

Nakatsuka, Shin-ichi; Nagano, Teruaki; Kimura, Hayato; Hanada, Shoji; Inoue, Hidetoshi; Iwata, Takashi

2012-06-01

Our patient was an 86-year-old man who had worked as a lathe operator for 40 years. He had no history of tuberculosis, pyothorax, or autoimmune disease. He had not been exposed to asbestos. He was asymptomatic, but an imaging study showed gradually increasing pleural plaques. A biopsy specimen of a pleural lesion showed sclerosis of the pleura and diffuse infiltration of small- to medium-sized B lymphocytes. Polymerase chain reaction-based analysis detected monoclonal rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes. Histologic diagnosis was extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type (MALT lymphoma). The lymphoma was negative for Epstein-Barr virus. We report a rare case of a metal worker with MALT lymphoma arising in the pleura with pleural fibrous plaques. It is speculated that MALT lymphoma might develop in the background of pneumoconiosis. Inflammatory and/or immunologic reactions to metal particles might contribute to the oncogenesis of this tumor. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[A case of a collision tumor comprising mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and early gastric cancer].

PubMed

Isosaka, Mai; Adachi, Takeya; Iida, Tomoya; Mitsuhashi, Kei; Tanaka, Michihiro; Kondou, Yoshihiro; Suzuki, Takashi; Tanuma, Tokuma; Kasai, Kiyoshi

2014-07-01

A 60-year-old woman underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for an abnormality identified during routine examination. The lower gastric corpus showed a type 0-I elevated lesion with a faded mucosa and an area of converging mucosal folds in contact with the lesion. Biopsy indicated the former to be a high-grade adenoma and the latter to be a mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. At the same time, Helicobacter pylori infection was diagnosed. Eradication therapy was administered to manage the MALT lymphoma; this resulted in improvement after 3 months. Endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed for the elevated lesion, and subsequent histopathology showed contact between the MALT lymphoma and gastric cancer. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with a collision tumor. Concurrent cancers are increasingly reported and should be considered during examination.

Gluten-Free Sources of Fermentable Extract: Effect of Temperature and Germination Time on Quality Attributes of Teff [Eragrostis tef (zucc.) Trotter] Malt and Wort.

PubMed

Di Ghionno, Lidia; Marconi, Ombretta; Lee, Eung Gwan; Rice, Christopher J; Sileoni, Valeria; Perretti, Giuseppe

2017-06-14

This study was conducted to evaluate the behavior of a white teff variety called Witkop during malting by using different parameters (germination temperature and duration) and to identify the best malting program. Samples were evaluated for standard quality malt and wort attributes, pasting characteristics, β-glucan and arabinoxylan content, and sugar profile. It was concluded that malting teff at 24 °C for 6 days produced acceptable malt in terms of quality attributes and sugar profile for brewing. The main attributes were 80.4% extract, 80.9% fermentability, 1.53 mPa s viscosity, 7.4 EBC-U color, 129 mg/L FAN, and 72.1 g/L of total fermentable sugars. Statistical analysis showed that pasting characteristics of teff malt were negatively correlated with some malt quality attributes, such as extract and fermentability. Witkop teff appeared to be a promising raw material for malting and brewing. However, the small grain size may lead to difficulties in handling malting process, and a bespoke brewhouse plant should be developed for the production at industrial scale.

[Determination of the content of the main components of flavonoids compounds in raw malt, torrefied malt and ustulate malt].

PubMed

He, Dan-Xia; Rong, Liang; Qin, Min-Jian; Liu, Hui-Juan

2012-11-01

To determine the content of Catechin, Myricetin, Quercetin and Kaempferol in barley grain, raw malt, torrefied malt and ustulate malt based on different barley cultivars. HPLC method was used. Analysis was performed on Agilent ZORBAXSB-C18 (150 mm x 4. 6 mm, 3.5 microm) column with acetonitrile-0.1% acetic acid as mobile phase. The detection wavelength was 280 nm, flow rate was 0.8 mL/min, and the column temperature was 30 degrees C. Catechin was the main component of barley seeds and its processed products. Slight reduction of catechin was observed in processed and sprouting seeds. Sprouting significantly increased the content of myricetin. Both barley seeds and the processed products were lack of quercetin. The amounts of kaempferol in seed were higher than that in barley grain, but similar to that in ustulate malt. The content of flavonoids in raw malt and torrefied malt are significantly affected by sprouting and processing, and significance differences are presented among different varieties.

Comparisons of modern United States and Canadian malting barley cultivars with those from pre-Prohibition: IV. Malting quality assessments using standard and nonstandard measures

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

This study was conducted to identify which traits or combination of traits associated with malting quality and mashing performance could best define the differences between and within a population of pre-Prohibition malting barley varieties and a population of modern elite malting barley cultivars. ...

[Gastric perforation by MALT lymphoma. Case report].

PubMed

López-Zamudio, José; Ramírez-González, Luis Ricardo; Núñez-Márquez, Julia; Fuentes Orozco, Clotilde; González Ojeda, Alejandro; Leonher-Ruezga, Karla Lisseth

2015-01-01

Gastric non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a rare tumour that represents approximately 7% of all stomach cancers and 2% of all lymphomas. The most frequent location of gastric MALT (mucosa associated lymphoid tissue) lymphomas is in the antrum in 41% of the cases, and 33% can be multifocal. The risk of spontaneous perforation of a gastric MALT lymphoma is 4-10%. 24 year old male patient carrying the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, who began with signs and symptoms of acute abdomen and fever 72 hours before arriving in the emergency room. A computed tomography was performed that showed free fluid in the cavity, and gastric wall thickening. The patient underwent a laparotomy, finding absence of the anterior wall of the stomach, sealed with the left lobe of the liver, colon and omentum. Total gastrectomy, with oesophagosty and jejunostomy tube, was performed. Gastric perforation secondary to a MALT lymphoma is rare, with high mortality. There is limited information reported of this complication and should be highly suspected in order to provide appropriate treatment for a complication of this type. Copyright © 2015 Academia Mexicana de Cirugía A.C. Published by Masson Doyma México S.A. All rights reserved.

Malt1 protease inactivation efficiently dampens immune responses but causes spontaneous autoimmunity

PubMed Central

Jaworski, Maike; Marsland, Ben J; Gehrig, Jasmine; Held, Werner; Favre, Stéphanie; Luther, Sanjiv A; Perroud, Mai; Golshayan, Déla; Gaide, Olivier; Thome, Margot

2014-01-01

The protease activity of the paracaspase Malt1 has recently gained interest as a drug target for immunomodulation and the treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. To address the consequences of Malt1 protease inactivation on the immune response in vivo, we generated knock-in mice expressing a catalytically inactive C472A mutant of Malt1 that conserves its scaffold function. Like Malt1-deficient mice, knock-in mice had strong defects in the activation of lymphocytes, NK and dendritic cells, and the development of B1 and marginal zone B cells and were completely protected against the induction of autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Malt1 inactivation also protected the mice from experimental induction of colitis. However, Malt1 knock-in mice but not Malt1-deficient mice spontaneously developed signs of autoimmune gastritis that correlated with an absence of Treg cells, an accumulation of T cells with an activated phenotype and high serum levels of IgE and IgG1. Thus, removal of the enzymatic activity of Malt1 efficiently dampens the immune response, but favors autoimmunity through impaired Treg development, which could be relevant for therapeutic Malt1-targeting strategies. PMID:25319413

Barley malt increases hindgut and portal butyric acid, modulates gene expression of gut tight junction proteins and Toll-like receptors in rats fed high-fat diets, but high advanced glycation end-products partially attenuate the effects.

PubMed

Zhong, Yadong; Teixeira, Cristina; Marungruang, Nittaya; Sae-Lim, Watina; Tareke, Eden; Andersson, Roger; Fåk, Frida; Nyman, Margareta

2015-09-01

Barley malt, a product of controlled germination, has been shown to produce high levels of butyric acid in the cecum and portal serum of rats and may therefore have anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of the study was to investigate how four barley malts, caramelized and colored malts, 50-malt and 350-malt, differing in functional characteristics concerning beta-glucan content and color, affect short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), barrier function and inflammation in the hindgut of rats fed high-fat diets. Male Wistar rats were given malt-supplemented high-fat diets for four weeks. Low and high-fat diets containing microcrystalline cellulose were incorporated as controls. All diets contained 70 g kg(-1) dietary fiber. The malt-fed groups were found to have had induced higher amounts of butyric and propionic acids in the hindgut and portal serum compared with controls, while cecal succinic acid only increased to a small extent. Fat increased the mRNA expression of tight junction proteins and Toll-like receptors (TLR) in the small intestine and distal colon of the rats, as well as the concentration of some amino acids in the portal plasma, but malt seemed to counteract these adverse effects to some extent. However, the high content of advanced glycation end-products (AGE) in caramelized malt tended to prohibit the positive effects on occludin in the small intestine and plasma amino acids seen with the other malt products. In conclusion, malting seems to be an interesting process for producing foods with positive health effects, but part of these effects may be destroyed if the malt contains a high content of AGE.

Role of IκB kinase β in regulating the remodeling of the CARMA1-Bcl10-MALT1 complex.

PubMed

Karim, Zubair A; Hensch, Nicole R; Qasim, Hanan; Alshbool, Fatima Z; Khasawneh, Fadi T

2018-06-02

The current work investigates the notion that inducible clustering of signaling mediators of the IKK pathway is important for platelet activation. Thus, while the CARMA1, Bcl10, and MALT1 (CBM) complex is essential for triggering IKK/NF-κB activation upon platelet stimulation, the signals that elicit its formation and downstream effector activation remain elusive. We demonstrate herein that IKKβ is involved in membrane fusion, and serves as a critical protein kinase required for initial formation and the regulation of the CARMA1/MALT1/Bcl10/CBM complex in platelets. We also show that IKKβ regulates these processes via modulation of phosphorylation of Bcl10 and IKKγ polyubiquitination. Collectively, our data demonstrate that IKKβ regulates membrane fusion and the remodeling of the CBM complex formation. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Case of immediate hypersensitivity to beer.

PubMed

Inoue, Tomoko; Yagami, Akiko; Shimojo, Naoshi; Hara, Kazuhiro; Nakamura, Masashi; Matsunaga, Kayoko

2016-06-01

We report here a case of immediate hypersensitivity to beer, in which a female patient developed angioedema of the eyelids shortly after consuming beer. In skin prick tests, the patient showed positive reactions to the base ingredients of beer, particularly malt and barley. The specific serum immunoglobulin E antibodies against barley and malt displayed weakly positive reactivity. To identify the immunoreactive antigens, malt and barley proteins were separated by 2-D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoreacted with the patient's serum. The results of mass spectrometric analysis revealed that the main antigen was a protein with similarity to protein z-type serpin. Notably, the identified antigen had a molecular weight of 20-25 kDa, which is markedly smaller than that previously reported for protein Z4 (44 kDa). Taken together, these analyses indicate that a possible new antigen which belongs to the protein Z family elicits immediate hypersensitivity to beer. © 2015 Japanese Dermatological Association.

Bioleaching of spent Zn-Mn or Ni-Cd batteries by Aspergillus species.

PubMed

Kim, Min-Ji; Seo, Ja-Yeon; Choi, Yong-Seok; Kim, Gyu-Hyeok

2016-05-01

This research explores the recovery of metals from spent Zn-Mn or Ni-Cd batteries by a bioleaching using six Aspergillus species. Two different nutrients, malt extract and sucrose, were used to produce different types of organic acids. Oxalic acid and citric acid were shown to be the dominant organic acid in malt extract and sucrose media, respectively. In the bioleaching, the metal removal was higher in sucrose media than malt extract. All species, except A. niger KUC5254, showed more than 90% removal of metals from Zn-Mn battery. For Ni-Cd battery, more than 95% of metals was extracted by A. niger KUC5254 and A. tubingensis KUC5037. As a result, A. tubingensis KUC5037 which is a non-ochratoxigenic fungus was considered to have the greatest potential for improving the safety and efficiency of the bioleaching. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Adult Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment (PDQ®)—Health Professional Version

Cancer.gov

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) include indolent types (follicular lymphoma, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, and MALT) and aggressive types (diffuse large cell, Burkitt, and mantle cell). Treatment and prognosis depend on the specific type. Get comprehensive information on NHL classification and treatment in this clinician summary.

21 CFR 131.203 - Lowfat yogurt.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... (sucrose), beet or cane; invert sugar (in paste or sirup form); brown sugar; refiner's sirup; molasses (other than blackstrap); high fructose corn sirup; fructose; fructose sirup; maltose, maltose sirup, dried maltose sirup; malt extract, dried malt extract; malt sirup, dried malt sirup; honey; maple sugar...

21 CFR 131.203 - Lowfat yogurt.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... (sucrose), beet or cane; invert sugar (in paste or sirup form); brown sugar; refiner's sirup; molasses (other than blackstrap); high fructose corn sirup; fructose; fructose sirup; maltose, maltose sirup, dried maltose sirup; malt extract, dried malt extract; malt sirup, dried malt sirup; honey; maple sugar...

21 CFR 131.170 - Eggnog.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

.... Sugar (sucrose), beet or cane; invert sugar (in paste or sirup form); brown sugar; refiner's sirup; molasses (other than blackstrap); high fructose corn sirup; fructose; fructose sirup; maltose; maltose sirup, dried maltose sirup; malt extract, dried malt extract; malt sirup, dried malt sirup; honey; maple...

21 CFR 131.170 - Eggnog.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

.... Sugar (sucrose), beet or cane; invert sugar (in paste or sirup form); brown sugar; refiner's sirup; molasses (other than blackstrap); high fructose corn sirup; fructose; fructose sirup; maltose; maltose sirup, dried maltose sirup; malt extract, dried malt extract; malt sirup, dried malt sirup; honey; maple...

21 CFR 131.203 - Lowfat yogurt.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... (sucrose), beet or cane; invert sugar (in paste or sirup form); brown sugar; refiner's sirup; molasses (other than blackstrap); high fructose corn sirup; fructose; fructose sirup; maltose, maltose sirup, dried maltose sirup; malt extract, dried malt extract; malt sirup, dried malt sirup; honey; maple sugar...

21 CFR 131.170 - Eggnog.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

.... Sugar (sucrose), beet or cane; invert sugar (in paste or sirup form); brown sugar; refiner's sirup; molasses (other than blackstrap); high fructose corn sirup; fructose; fructose sirup; maltose; maltose sirup, dried maltose sirup; malt extract, dried malt extract; malt sirup, dried malt sirup; honey; maple...

21 CFR 131.203 - Lowfat yogurt.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... (sucrose), beet or cane; invert sugar (in paste or sirup form); brown sugar; refiner's sirup; molasses (other than blackstrap); high fructose corn sirup; fructose; fructose sirup; maltose, maltose sirup, dried maltose sirup; malt extract, dried malt extract; malt sirup, dried malt sirup; honey; maple sugar...

21 CFR 131.170 - Eggnog.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

.... Sugar (sucrose), beet or cane; invert sugar (in paste or sirup form); brown sugar; refiner's sirup; molasses (other than blackstrap); high fructose corn sirup; fructose; fructose sirup; maltose; maltose sirup, dried maltose sirup; malt extract, dried malt extract; malt sirup, dried malt sirup; honey; maple...

21 CFR 131.203 - Lowfat yogurt.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... (sucrose), beet or cane; invert sugar (in paste or sirup form); brown sugar; refiner's sirup; molasses (other than blackstrap); high fructose corn sirup; fructose; fructose sirup; maltose, maltose sirup, dried maltose sirup; malt extract, dried malt extract; malt sirup, dried malt sirup; honey; maple sugar...

21 CFR 131.170 - Eggnog.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

.... Sugar (sucrose), beet or cane; invert sugar (in paste or sirup form); brown sugar; refiner's sirup; molasses (other than blackstrap); high fructose corn sirup; fructose; fructose sirup; maltose; maltose sirup, dried maltose sirup; malt extract, dried malt extract; malt sirup, dried malt sirup; honey; maple...

21 CFR 131.111 - Acidified milk.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... (in paste or sirup form); brown sugar; refiner's sirup; molasses (other than blackstrap); high fructose corn sirup; fructose; fructose sirup; maltose; maltose sirup, dried maltose sirup; malt extract, dried malt extract; malt sirup, dried malt sirup; honey; maple sugar; or any of the sweeteners listed in...

21 CFR 131.112 - Cultured milk.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... (in paste or sirup form); brown sugar; refiner's sirup; molasses (other than blackstrap); high fructose corn sirup; fructose; fructose sirup; maltose; maltose sirup, dried maltose sirup; malt extract, dried malt extract; malt sirup, dried malt sirup; honey; maple sugar; or any of the sweeteners listed in...

21 CFR 131.112 - Cultured milk.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... (in paste or sirup form); brown sugar; refiner's sirup; molasses (other than blackstrap); high fructose corn sirup; fructose; fructose sirup; maltose; maltose sirup, dried maltose sirup; malt extract, dried malt extract; malt sirup, dried malt sirup; honey; maple sugar; or any of the sweeteners listed in...

21 CFR 131.111 - Acidified milk.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... (in paste or sirup form); brown sugar; refiner's sirup; molasses (other than blackstrap); high fructose corn sirup; fructose; fructose sirup; maltose; maltose sirup, dried maltose sirup; malt extract, dried malt extract; malt sirup, dried malt sirup; honey; maple sugar; or any of the sweeteners listed in...

21 CFR 131.112 - Cultured milk.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... (in paste or sirup form); brown sugar; refiner's sirup; molasses (other than blackstrap); high fructose corn sirup; fructose; fructose sirup; maltose; maltose sirup, dried maltose sirup; malt extract, dried malt extract; malt sirup, dried malt sirup; honey; maple sugar; or any of the sweeteners listed in...

21 CFR 131.112 - Cultured milk.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... (in paste or sirup form); brown sugar; refiner's sirup; molasses (other than blackstrap); high fructose corn sirup; fructose; fructose sirup; maltose; maltose sirup, dried maltose sirup; malt extract, dried malt extract; malt sirup, dried malt sirup; honey; maple sugar; or any of the sweeteners listed in...

21 CFR 131.111 - Acidified milk.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... (in paste or sirup form); brown sugar; refiner's sirup; molasses (other than blackstrap); high fructose corn sirup; fructose; fructose sirup; maltose; maltose sirup, dried maltose sirup; malt extract, dried malt extract; malt sirup, dried malt sirup; honey; maple sugar; or any of the sweeteners listed in...

21 CFR 131.112 - Cultured milk.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... (in paste or sirup form); brown sugar; refiner's sirup; molasses (other than blackstrap); high fructose corn sirup; fructose; fructose sirup; maltose; maltose sirup, dried maltose sirup; malt extract, dried malt extract; malt sirup, dried malt sirup; honey; maple sugar; or any of the sweeteners listed in...

21 CFR 131.111 - Acidified milk.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... (in paste or sirup form); brown sugar; refiner's sirup; molasses (other than blackstrap); high fructose corn sirup; fructose; fructose sirup; maltose; maltose sirup, dried maltose sirup; malt extract, dried malt extract; malt sirup, dried malt sirup; honey; maple sugar; or any of the sweeteners listed in...

21 CFR 131.111 - Acidified milk.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... (in paste or sirup form); brown sugar; refiner's sirup; molasses (other than blackstrap); high fructose corn sirup; fructose; fructose sirup; maltose; maltose sirup, dried maltose sirup; malt extract, dried malt extract; malt sirup, dried malt sirup; honey; maple sugar; or any of the sweeteners listed in...

Beer volatile compounds and their application to low-malt beer fermentation.

PubMed

Kobayashi, Michiko; Shimizu, Hiroshi; Shioya, Suteaki

2008-10-01

Low-malt beers, in which the amount of wort is adjusted to less than two-thirds of that in regular beer, are popular in the Japanese market because the flavor of low-malt beer is similar to that of regular beer but the price lesser than that of regular beer. There are few published articles about low-malt beer. However, in the production process, there are many similarities between low-malt and regular beer, e.g., the yeast used in low-malt beer fermentation is the same as that used for regular beer. Furthermore, many investigations into regular beer are applicable to low-malt beer production. In this review, we focus on production of volatile compounds, and various studies that are applicable to regular and low-malt beer. In particular, information about metabolism of volatile compounds in yeast cells during fermentation, volatile compound measurement and estimation methods, and control of volatile compound production are discussed in this review, which concentrates on studies published in the last 5-6 years.

The diagnostic characteristics of a group of patients with primary gastric lymphoma: macroscopic, histopathological and immunohistochemical aspects.

PubMed

Rotaru, Ionela; Ciurea, T; Foarfă, Camelia; Tănase, Alina Daniela; Găman, G

2012-01-01

Primary gastric lymphoma is defined as the malignant lymphoproliferative disease with initial symptoms located in the stomach, or tumor mass located in the stomach. This paper aims to present the macroscopic, histopathological and immunohistochemical aspects encountered in a group of patients with primary gastric lymphoma, diagnosed between 2005 and 2010 in the Hematology Clinic of Craiova and the Hematology Clinic of "Fundeni" Institute in Bucharest. This study was performed on a group of 65 patients diagnosed with primary gastric lymphoma. The positive diagnosis in primary gastric lymphoma is established by the histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of gastric biopsies, taken during the upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, or of gastric resection samples. We used the monoclonal antibodies CD20, CD10, CD5, k light chain, PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) and Ki67. The average age of the patients enrolled in the study was 52.55 years. The most common macroscopic feature encountered was the mixed ulcerative-vegetative one. We found two histological types, represented by diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (with or without MALT component), and marginal zone lymphoma (MALT type). Both the MALT type lymphoma and the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma revealed B-cell phenotype. A correct diagnosis is very important in terms of therapeutic approach. The characteristics of the group of patients were: a higher number of the aggressive histological type; an excessive use of gastric resection; none of the cases was a T-lymphoproliferation.

Hardness as a modification index for malting red and white sorghum (kaffir) grains.

PubMed

Uvere, Peter O; Ngoddy, Patrick O; Nwankwo, Chibuzo S

2014-03-30

This study investigated changes in the resistance to fracture of malting red and white sorghum grains using a hardness tester as another method for monitoring grain modification. Grain hardness decreased progressively from 134.35 N and 137.29 N in malting red and white sorghums and levelled off after 120 h at 76.98 N and 69.14 N. In the red grain malts traditionally used for burukutu production, moisture content (r = -0.983), dhurrinase activity (r = -0.981), malting loss (r = -0.981), free amino nitrogen (r = -0.909) and cold water extract (r = -0.908) were better indicators of grain hardness than root length (r = -0.89). In the white sorghum malts, malting loss (r = -0.988), dhurrinase activity (r = -0.954) and diastatic activity (r = -0.936) were better indicators of grain modification than root length (r = -0.916). The soluble nitrogen ratio at the end of malting was lower in the red (0.049) compared with the white (0.0548). Grain hardness using a hand-held tester is a simple, fast and good index of modification of malting red and white sorghum grains. Oven-dried red and white sorghum malts could be considered to be well modified at hardness values/indices below 77 N/0.5730 and 72 N/0.5036, respectively. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry.

Subcutaneous dissemination pattern in extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.

PubMed

Jonak, Constanze; Troch, Marlene; Kiesewetter, Barbara; Lukas, Julius; Müllauer, Leonhard; Jäger, Ulrich; Chott, Andreas; Raderer, Markus

2012-05-01

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is among the most common forms of extranodal lymphomas, but little is known about subcutaneous involvement in patients with non-primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphomas. Patients with MALT lymphoma diagnosed and treated at our institution between 1999 and 2010 were analyzed for subcutaneous deposits from MALT lymphoma diagnosed in another organ. Histological, clinical and genetic findings were assessed. Among 216 patients with MALT lymphoma, 12 had subcutaneous deposits from MALT lymphoma (5.5%). In two patients, these lesions were present at diagnosis, while they constituted the site of relapse at an interval between 5 to 144 months in the remaining cases. Interestingly, nine of the 12 patients with subcutaneous deposits had originally been diagnosed with MALT lymphoma of the ocular adnexa (total number=51; 20%), and the other three had MALT lymphoma in the breast (total number=5; 60%). None of the patients with gastric (n=86), salivary gland (n=32) or pulmonary (n=19) MALT lymphomas had subcutaneous involvement during a median follow-up time of 87 months (range; 4 to 119 months). Our data show that subcutaneous MALT lymphoma involvement is a rare event in patients with prior non-cutaneous extranodal marginal zone lymphoma. However, it seems to be almost exclusively associated with MALT lymphoma of the ocular adnexa and the breast, suggesting as yet undefined interactions between potentially embryonically related organ systems.

Chromosomal imbalances are associated with outcome of Helicobacter pylori eradication in t(11;18)(q21;q21) negative gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas.

PubMed

Fukuhara, Noriko; Nakamura, Tsuneya; Nakagawa, Masao; Tagawa, Hiroyuki; Takeuchi, Ichiro; Yatabe, Yasushi; Morishima, Yasuo; Nakamura, Shigeo; Seto, Masao

2007-08-01

Approximately 70% of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas can be successfully treated with H. pylori eradication. The translocation t(11;18)(q21;q21) characteristic of MALT lymphoma is recognized as a marker for H. pylori independency, but this marker is found in only a half of the MALT lymphomas resistant to H. pylori eradication. Detailed analyses of the genomic features of eradication resistant as well as responsive groups are important for understanding their molecular basis. We performed array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) for 29 gastric MALT lymphomas treated with H. pylori eradication. These comprised ten cases of t(11;18) positive MALT, nine cases of t(11;18) negative MALT with H. pylori dependency, and ten cases of t(11;18) negative MALT with H. pylori independency. Array-CGH analysis demonstrated that no significant genetic alterations were found in t(11;18) positive MALT lymphomas, but numerous genomic alterations were detected in t(11;18) negative MALT lymphomas. Many of these alterations were similar to those found in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with trisomy 3 being the most recurrent alteration. Within the t(11;18) negative MALT lymphoma without large cell components group, genomic imbalances occurred more frequently in the H. pylori independent than in the H. pylori dependent group (P = 0.02). Genomic imbalances are associated with H. pylori independency in t(11;18) negative gastric MALT lymphomas. They may thus play an important role in the development of H. pylori independency.

21 CFR 172.590 - Yeast-malt sprout extract.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Yeast-malt sprout extract. 172.590 Section 172.590... Substances § 172.590 Yeast-malt sprout extract. Yeast-malt sprout extract, as described in this section, may... produced by partial hydrolysis of yeast extract (derived from Saccharomyces cereviseae, Saccharomyces...

21 CFR 184.1445 - Malt syrup (malt extract).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2010-04-01 2009-04-01 true Malt syrup (malt extract). 184.1445 Section 184.1445 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION (CONTINUED) DIRECT FOOD SUBSTANCES AFFIRMED AS GENERALLY RECOGNIZED AS SAFE...

Structural and mutational analyses of Aes, an inhibitor of MalT in Escherichia coli.

PubMed

Schiefner, André; Gerber, Kinga; Brosig, Alexander; Boos, Winfried

2014-02-01

The acyl esterase Aes effectively inhibits the transcriptional activity of MalT-the central activator of maltose and maltodextrin utilizing genes in Escherichia coli. To provide better insight into the nature of the interaction between Aes and MalT, we determined two different crystal structures of Aes-in its native form and covalently modified by a phenylmethylsulfonyl moiety at its active site serine. Both structures show distinct space groups and were refined to a resolution of 1.8 Å and 2.3 Å, respectively. The overall structure of Aes resembles a canonical α/β-hydrolase fold, which is extended by a funnel-like cap structure that forms the substrate-binding site. The catalytic triad of Aes, comprising residues Ser165, His292, and Asp262, is located at the bottom of this funnel. Analysis of the crystal-packing contacts of the two different space groups as well as analytical size-exclusion chromatography revealed a homodimeric arrangement of Aes. The Aes dimer adopts an antiparallel contact involving both the hydrolase core and the cap, with its twofold axis perpendicular to the largest dimension of Aes. To identify the surface area of Aes that is responsible for the interaction with MalT, we performed a structure-based alanine-scanning mutagenesis to pinpoint Aes residues that are significantly impaired in MalT inhibition, but still exhibit wild-type expression and enzymatic activity. These residues map to a shallow slightly concave surface patch of Aes at the opposite site of the dimerization interface and indicate the surface area that interacts with MalT. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Emission factor development for the malt beverage, wine, and distilled spirits industries

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lapp, T.; Shrager, B.; Safriet, D.

Midwest Research Institute is currently developing emission factors for inclusion in AP-42 Chapter 9, Food and Agricultural Industries. Three of the sections cover the production of malt beverages, wine, and distilled spirits. The malt beverage segment focuses on the development of ethanol emission factors for filling operations, which were recently identified as the large source of brewery ethanol emissions. The discussion includes a description of the production process and emissions factors for breweries, a history of emission factories for breweries, a description of emission testing conducted at two large breweries, and a presentation of some of the emission factors formore » malt beverage production. The wine industry segment focuses on emissions from the fermentation stage for red and white wines, the pomace screen and pomace press for red wines, and bottling of white wine. Emission factors are presented for ethanol emissions from each of these sources as well as other VOC emissions from the fermentation process. A discussion of the wine production process is presented. A discussion of the emission sources and available emission factors is presented for the distilled spirits industry segment. Factors are presented for the fermentation and aging stages. A process description is presented for the production of Bourbon whisky.« less

7 CFR 810.202 - Definition of other terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) Classes. There are two classes of barley: Malting barley and Barley. (1) Malting barley. Barley of a six...: (i) Six-rowed Malting barley. Barley that has a minimum of 95.0 percent of a six-rowed suitable...-heat kernels, and 0.1 percent heat-damaged kernels. Six-rowed Malting barley shall not be infested...

21 CFR 172.590 - Yeast-malt sprout extract.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2010-04-01 2009-04-01 true Yeast-malt sprout extract. 172.590 Section 172.590... CONSUMPTION Flavoring Agents and Related Substances § 172.590 Yeast-malt sprout extract. Yeast-malt sprout... prescribed conditions: (a) The additive is produced by partial hydrolysis of yeast extract (derived from...

21 CFR 172.590 - Yeast-malt sprout extract.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Yeast-malt sprout extract. 172.590 Section 172.590... CONSUMPTION Flavoring Agents and Related Substances § 172.590 Yeast-malt sprout extract. Yeast-malt sprout... prescribed conditions: (a) The additive is produced by partial hydrolysis of yeast extract (derived from...

21 CFR 172.590 - Yeast-malt sprout extract.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Yeast-malt sprout extract. 172.590 Section 172.590... CONSUMPTION Flavoring Agents and Related Substances § 172.590 Yeast-malt sprout extract. Yeast-malt sprout... prescribed conditions: (a) The additive is produced by partial hydrolysis of yeast extract (derived from...

21 CFR 172.590 - Yeast-malt sprout extract.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Yeast-malt sprout extract. 172.590 Section 172.590... CONSUMPTION Flavoring Agents and Related Substances § 172.590 Yeast-malt sprout extract. Yeast-malt sprout... prescribed conditions: (a) The additive is produced by partial hydrolysis of yeast extract (derived from...

Production of schizophyllan from distiller's dried grains with solubles by diverse strains of Schizophyllan commune

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Eleven diverse strains of Schizophyllan commune, to our knowledge never before examined for production of the biopolymer schizophyllan, were grown in malt extract (ME) basal medium containing 1.0% (w/v) distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS, an abundant coproduct of fuel ethanol production by...

Natural Contamination with Mycotoxins Produced by Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium poae in Malting Barley in Argentina

PubMed Central

Nogueira, María Soledad; Decundo, Julieta; Martinez, Mauro; Dieguez, Susana Nelly; Moreyra, Federico; Moreno, Maria Virginia

2018-01-01

Two of the most common species of toxin-producing Fusarium contaminating small cereal grains are Fusarium graminearum and F. poae; with both elaborating diverse toxins, especially deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV), respectively. The objective of our work during the 2012–2014 growing seasons was to screen crops for the most commonly isolated Fusarium species and to quantify DON and NIV toxins in natural malting-barley samples from different producing areas of Argentina. We identified 1180 Fusarium isolates in the 119 samples analyzed, with 51.2% being F. graminearum, 26.2% F. poae and 22.6% other species. We found high concentrations of mycotoxins, at maximum values of 12 μg/g of DON and 7.71 μg/g of NIV. Of the samples, 23% exhibited DON at an average of 2.36 μg/g, with 44% exceeding the maximum limits (average of 5.24 μg/g); 29% contained NIV at an average of 2.36 μg/g; 7% contained both DON and NIV; and 55% were without DON or NIV. Finally, we report the mycotoxin contamination of the grain samples produced by F. graminearum and F. poae, those being the most frequent Fusarium species present. We identified the main Fusarium species affecting natural malting-barley grains in Argentina and documented the presence of many samples with elevated concentrations of DON and NIV. To our knowledge, the investigation reported here was the first to quantify the contamination by Fusarium and its toxins in natural samples of malting barley in Argentina. PMID:29439459

Natural Contamination with Mycotoxins Produced by Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium poae in Malting Barley in Argentina.

PubMed

Nogueira, María Soledad; Decundo, Julieta; Martinez, Mauro; Dieguez, Susana Nelly; Moreyra, Federico; Moreno, Maria Virginia; Stenglein, Sebastian Alberto

2018-02-11

Two of the most common species of toxin-producing Fusarium contaminating small cereal grains are Fusarium graminearum and F. poae ; with both elaborating diverse toxins, especially deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV), respectively. The objective of our work during the 2012-2014 growing seasons was to screen crops for the most commonly isolated Fusarium species and to quantify DON and NIV toxins in natural malting-barley samples from different producing areas of Argentina. We identified 1180 Fusarium isolates in the 119 samples analyzed, with 51.2% being F. graminearum , 26.2% F. poae and 22.6% other species. We found high concentrations of mycotoxins, at maximum values of 12 μg/g of DON and 7.71 μg/g of NIV. Of the samples, 23% exhibited DON at an average of 2.36 μg/g, with 44% exceeding the maximum limits (average of 5.24 μg/g); 29% contained NIV at an average of 2.36 μg/g; 7% contained both DON and NIV; and 55% were without DON or NIV. Finally, we report the mycotoxin contamination of the grain samples produced by F. graminearum and F. poae , those being the most frequent Fusarium species present. We identified the main Fusarium species affecting natural malting-barley grains in Argentina and documented the presence of many samples with elevated concentrations of DON and NIV. To our knowledge, the investigation reported here was the first to quantify the contamination by Fusarium and its toxins in natural samples of malting barley in Argentina.

API2-MALT1 oncoprotein promotes lymphomagenesis via unique program of substrate ubiquitination and proteolysis

PubMed Central

Rosebeck, Shaun; Lim, Megan S; Elenitoba-Johnson, Kojo S J; McAllister-Lucas, Linda M; Lucas, Peter C

2016-01-01

Lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) is the most common extranodal B cell tumor and accounts for 8% of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Gastric MALT lymphoma is the best-studied example and is a prototypical neoplasm that occurs in the setting of chronic inflammation brought on by persistent infection or autoimmune disease. Cytogenetic abnormalities are commonly acquired during the course of disease and the most common is chromosomal translocation t(11;18)(q21;q21), which creates the API2-MALT1 fusion oncoprotein. t(11;18)-positive lymphomas can be clinically aggressive and have a higher rate of dissemination than t(11;18)-negative tumors. Many cancers, including MALT lymphomas, characteristically exhibit deregulated over-activation of cellular survival pathways, such as the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. Molecular characterization of API2-MALT1 has revealed it to be a potent activator of NF-κB, which is required for API2-MALT1-induced cellular transformation, however the mechanisms by which API2-MALT1 exerts these effects are only recently becoming apparent. The API2 moiety of the fusion binds tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor associated factor (TRAF) 2 and receptor interacting protein 1 (RIP1), two proteins essential for TNF receptor-induced NF-κB activation. By effectively mimicking ligand-bound TNF receptor, API2-MALT1 promotes TRAF2-dependent ubiquitination of RIP1, which then acts as a scaffold for nucleating and activating the canonical NF-κB machinery. Activation occurs, in part, through MALT1 moiety-dependent recruitment of TRAF6, which can directly modify NF-κB essential modulator, the principal downstream regulator of NF-κB. While the intrinsic MALT1 protease catalytic activity is dispensable for this canonical NF-κB signaling, it is critical for non-canonical NF-κB activation. In this regard, API2-MALT1 recognizes NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK), the essential upstream regulator of non-canonical NF-κB, and cleaves it to generate a stable, constitutively active fragment. Thus, API2-MALT1 harnesses multiple unique pathways to achieve deregulated NF-κB activation. Emerging data from our group and others have also detailed additional gain-of-function activities of API2-MALT1 that extend beyond NF-κB activation. Specifically, API2-MALT1 recruits and subverts multiple other signaling factors, including LIM domain and actin-binding protein 1 (LIMA1) and Smac/DIABLO. Like NIK, LIMA1 represents a unique substrate for API2-MALT1 protease activity, but unlike NIK, its cleavage sets in motion a major NF-κB-independent pathway for promoting oncogenesis. In this review, we highlight the most recent results characterizing these unique and diverse gain-of-function activities of API2-MALT1 and how they contribute to lymphomagenesis. PMID:26981201

Gastric MALT lymphoma and Helicobacter pylori.

PubMed Central

Wotherspoon, A. C.

1996-01-01

Primary gastric low-grade B-cell lymphomas are neoplastic mimics of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) as exemplified by Peyer's patches in the terminal ileum. Architectural and immunophenotypic properties of the neoplastic cells suggest that they originate from MALT-derived marginal zone B-cells. Paradoxically, the normal human stomach is devoid of organized MALT within which a lymphoma can develop. Lymphoid tissue is acquired in the stomach in response to antigenic stimulation, predominantly associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Studies of patients with low-grade MALT lymphoma have confirmed a high incidence of H. pylori infection and suggest that the infection predates neoplastic transformation. Certain morphological features of MALT lymphomas suggest that the tumor cells remain responsive to antigen drive. Given the close association between gastric MALT lymphoma and H. pylori, it is possible that this organism provides such a drive. In vitro studies have shown that the tumor cells proliferate in a T-cell-dependent way to the presence of H. pylori. Several studies have now demonstrated that eradication of the organism in patients with low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma can result in regression of the tumor. In cases with a high-grade component, the associated low-grade part may regress, but most high-grade gastric MALT lymphomas are unresponsive to this conservative therapy. Images Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 PMID:9041690

The paracaspase MALT1 cleaves HOIL1 reducing linear ubiquitination by LUBAC to dampen lymphocyte NF-κB signalling

PubMed Central

Klein, Theo; Fung, Shan-Yu; Renner, Florian; Blank, Michael A.; Dufour, Antoine; Kang, Sohyeong; Bolger-Munro, Madison; Scurll, Joshua M.; Priatel, John J.; Schweigler, Patrick; Melkko, Samu; Gold, Michael R.; Viner, Rosa I.; Régnier, Catherine H.; Turvey, Stuart E.; Overall, Christopher M.

2015-01-01

Antigen receptor signalling activates the canonical NF-κB pathway via the CARD11/BCL10/MALT1 (CBM) signalosome involving key, yet ill-defined roles for linear ubiquitination. The paracaspase MALT1 cleaves and removes negative checkpoint proteins, amplifying lymphocyte responses in NF-κB activation and in B-cell lymphoma subtypes. To identify new human MALT1 substrates, we compare B cells from the only known living MALT1mut/mut patient with healthy MALT1+/mut family members using 10-plex Tandem Mass Tag TAILS N-terminal peptide proteomics. We identify HOIL1 of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex as a novel MALT1 substrate. We show linear ubiquitination at B-cell receptor microclusters and signalosomes. Late in the NF-κB activation cycle HOIL1 cleavage transiently reduces linear ubiquitination, including of NEMO and RIP1, dampening NF-κB activation and preventing reactivation. By regulating linear ubiquitination, MALT1 is both a positive and negative pleiotropic regulator of the human canonical NF-κB pathway—first promoting activation via the CBM—then triggering HOIL1-dependent negative-feedback termination, preventing reactivation. PMID:26525107

Gastric MALT lymphoma: a model of chronic inflammation-induced tumor development.

PubMed

Sagaert, Xavier; Van Cutsem, Eric; De Hertogh, Gert; Geboes, Karel; Tousseyn, Thomas

2010-06-01

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, or extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of MALT, is an indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma arising in lymphoid infiltrates that are induced by chronic inflammation in extranodal sites. The stomach is the most commonly affected organ, in which MALT lymphoma pathogenesis is clearly associated with Helicobacter pylori gastroduodenitis. Gastric MALT lymphoma has attracted attention because of the involvement of genetic aberrations in the nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) pathway, one of the most investigated pathways in the fields of immunology and oncology. This Review presents gastric MALT lymphoma as an outstanding example of the close pathogenetic link between chronic inflammation and tumor development, and describes how this information can be integrated into daily clinical practice. Gastric MALT lymphoma is considered one of the best models of how genetic events lead to oncogenesis, determine tumor biology, dictate clinical behavior and represent viable therapeutic targets. Moreover, in view of the association of gastric MALT lymphoma with dysregulation of the NFkappaB pathway, this signaling pathway will be discussed in depth in both normal and pathological conditions, highlighting strategies to identify new therapeutic targets in this lymphoma.

Optimization of combined microwave-hot air roasting of malt based on energy consumption and neo-formed contaminants content.

PubMed

Akkarachaneeyakorn, S; Laguerre, J C; Tattiyakul, J; Neugnot, B; Boivin, P; Morales, F J; Birlouez-Aragon, I

2010-05-01

To produce specialty malt, malts were roasted by combined microwave-hot air at various specific microwave powers (SP = 2.5 to 3 W/g), microwave heating times (t(mw) = 3.3 to 3.5 min), oven temperatures (T(oven) = 180 to 220 degrees C), and oven heating times (t(oven) = 60 to 150 min). The response variables, color, energy consumption by microwave (E(mw)) and oven (E(oven)), total energy consumption (E(tot)), quantity of neo-formed contaminants (NFCs), which include hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, furan, and acrylamide were determined. Response surface methodology (RSM) was performed to analyze and predict the optimum conditions for the specialty malt. Production using combined microwave-hot air roasting process based on minimum energy consumption and level of NFCs. At 95% confident level, SP, T(oven), and t(oven) were the most influencing effects with regard to E(tot), whereas t(mw) did not affect E(tot). T(oven) and t(oven) significantly affected malt color. Only T(oven) significantly influenced the NFCs content. The optimum parameters were: SP = 2.68 W/g for 3.44 min, T(oven) = 206 degrees C for 136 min for coffee malt, SP = 2.5 W/g for 3.48 min, T(oven) = 214 degrees C for 136 min for chocolate malt, and SP = 2.5 W/g for 3.48 min, T(oven) = 211 degrees C for 150 min for black malt. Comparing with conventional process, combined microwave-hot air reduced E(tot) by approximately 40%, 26%, and 26% for coffee, chocolate, and black malts, respectively, and reduced HMF, furfural, furan, and acrylamide contents by 40%, 18%, 23%, and 95%, respectively, for black malt. An important goal for research institutions and the brewery industry is to produce colored malt by combining microwave and hot air roasting, while saving energy, getting desirable color, and avoiding the formation of carcinogenic and toxic neo-formed contaminants (NFCs). Therefore, one objective of this study was to compare energy consumption and content of NFCs during roasting of malt by hot air-only and combined microwave-hot air processes as well as to determine the effect of specific power, microwave processing time, oven temperature, and oven processing time during combined microwave-hot air roasting. Another objective was to predict the optimum conditions for the production of coffee, chocolate, and black malts.

27 CFR 7.25 - Name and address.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL LABELING AND ADVERTISING OF MALT BEVERAGES Labeling Requirements for Malt... false or misleading impression as to the geographic origin of the beer. (2) If malt beverages are...

27 CFR 7.25 - Name and address.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS LABELING AND ADVERTISING OF MALT BEVERAGES Labeling Requirements for Malt... false or misleading impression as to the geographic origin of the beer. (2) If malt beverages are...

27 CFR 7.25 - Name and address.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS LABELING AND ADVERTISING OF MALT BEVERAGES Labeling Requirements for Malt... false or misleading impression as to the geographic origin of the beer. (2) If malt beverages are...

27 CFR 7.25 - Name and address.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL LABELING AND ADVERTISING OF MALT BEVERAGES Labeling Requirements for Malt... false or misleading impression as to the geographic origin of the beer. (2) If malt beverages are...

Characteristics associated with the consumption of malted drinks among Malaysian primary school children: findings from the MyBreakfast study.

PubMed

Jan Mohamed, Hamid Jan B; Loy, S L; Mohd Taib, Mohd Nasir; Karim, Norimah A; Tan, S Y; Appukutty, M; Abdul Razak, Nurliyana; Thielecke, F; Hopkins, S; Ong, M K; Ning, C; Tee, E S

2015-12-30

The consumption of beverages contributes to diet quality and overall nutrition. Studies on malted drinks, one of the widely consumed beverage choices among children in Asia, however, have received limited attention. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of malted drink consumption and explored associations of sociodemographic characteristics, nutrient intakes, weight status and physical activity levels with malted drink consumption among primary school children in Malaysia. Data for this analysis were from the MyBreakfast Study, a national cross-sectional study conducted from April to October 2013 throughout all regions in Malaysia. A total of 2065 primary school children aged 6 to 12 years were included in the present analysis. Data on two days 24-h dietary recall or record, anthropometry, physical activity and screen time were recorded. Associations between malted drink consumption and related factors were examined using binary logistic regression, adjusting for region, area, gender, ethnicity and household income. Among children aged 6 to 12 years, 73.5% reported consuming malted drinks for at least once per week. Consumption of malted drinks was significantly associated with region (χ(2) = 45.64, p < 0.001), gender (χ(2) = 4.41, p = 0.036) and ethnicity (χ(2) = 13.74, p = 0.008). Malted drink consumers had similar total energy intake but higher micronutrient intakes compared to non-consumers. High physical activity level (OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.06, 2.99) and lower screen time during weekends (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.86, 0.99) were independently associated with malted drink consumption among 6 to 9 year-old children, but not among 10 to 12 year-old children. No association was observed between malted drink consumption and weight status. Malted drink consumption is prevalent among Malaysian primary school children, particularly higher among boys, indigenous children and those who lived in the East Coast region of Malaysia. Consuming malted drinks is associated with higher micronutrient intakes and higher levels of physical activity, but not with body weight status.

TRAF2-binding BIR1 domain of c-IAP2/MALT1 fusion protein is essential for activation of NF-kappaB.

PubMed

Garrison, J B; Samuel, T; Reed, J C

2009-04-02

Marginal zone mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) B-cell lymphoma is the most common extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The t(11;18)(q21;q21) translocation occurs frequently in MALT lymphomas and creates a chimeric NF-kappaB-activating protein containing the baculoviral IAP repeat (BIR) domains of c-IAP2 (inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2) fused with portions of the MALT1 protein. The BIR1 domain of c-IAP2 interacts directly with TRAF2 (TNFalpha-receptor-associated factor-2), but its role in NF-kappaB activation is still unclear. Here, we investigated the role of TRAF2 in c-IAP2/MALT1-induced NF-kappaB activation. We show the BIR1 domain of c-IAP2 is essential for NF-kappaB activation, whereas BIR2 and BIR3 domains are not. Studies of c-IAP2/MALT1 BIR1 mutant (E47A/R48A) that fails to activate NF-kappaB showed loss of TRAF2 binding, but retention of TRAF6 binding, suggesting that interaction of c-IAP2/MALT1 with TRAF6 is insufficient for NF-kappaB induction. In addition, a dominant-negative TRAF2 mutant or downregulation of TRAF2 achieved by small interfering RNA inhibited NF-kappaB activation by c-IAP2/MALT1 showing that TRAF2 is indispensable. Comparisons of the bioactivity of intact c-IAP2/MALT1 oncoprotein and BIR1 E47A/R48A c-IAP2/MALT1 mutant that cannot bind TRAF2 in a lymphoid cell line provided evidence that TRAF2 interaction is critical for c-IAP2/MALT1-mediated increases in the NF-kappaB activity, increased expression of endogenous NF-kappaB target genes (c-FLIP, TRAF1), and resistance to apoptosis.

Positive and negative impacts of specialty malts on beer foam: a comparison of various cereal products for their foaming properties.

PubMed

Combe, Alexander L; Ang, Justin K; Bamforth, Charles W

2013-07-01

The foam stability of beer is dependent on the presence of foam-stabilizing polypeptides derived from the cereals from which it is made. It has long been argued that there is a tendency to boost the foam-stabilizing capabilities of these polypeptides at the heating stages involved in the production of the grist materials. The present study started with the intent to confirm whether these changes occurred and to assess the extent to which different cereal products differed in their foam-stabilizing tendencies. Cereal products differ enormously in their foam-stabilizing capabilities. Heavily roasted grains, notably black malt and roast barley, do have superior foaming properties. However, certain specialty malts, notably crystal malts, display inferior foam performance. The observed foaming pattern is a balance between their content of foam-positive and foam-negative components. Products such as pale malt do contain foam-negative materials but have a net balance in favour of foam-stabilizing entities. By contrast, wheat malt and especially black malt have a heavy preponderance of foam-positive components. Crystal malt displays the converse behaviour: it contains low-molecular-weight foam-negative species. Several of the cereal products appear to contain higher-molecular-weight foam inhibitors, but it appears that they are merely species that are of inherently inferior foam-stabilizing capability to the foaming polypeptides from egg white that were employed to probe the system. The foam-damaging species derived from crystal malt carried through to beers brewed from them. Intense heating in the production of cereal products does lead to enhanced foam performance in extracts of those products. However, not all speciality malts display superior foam performance, through their development of foam-negative species of lower molecular weight. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry.

Overexpression of miR-142-5p and miR-155 in Gastric Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) Lymphoma Resistant to Helicobacter pylori Eradication

PubMed Central

Saito, Yoshimasa; Suzuki, Hidekazu; Tsugawa, Hitoshi; Imaeda, Hiroyuki; Matsuzaki, Juntaro; Hirata, Kenro; Hosoe, Naoki; Nakamura, Masahiko; Mukai, Makio; Saito, Hidetsugu; Hibi, Toshifumi

2012-01-01

microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that can function as endogenous silencers of target genes and play critical roles in human malignancies. To investigate the molecular pathogenesis of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, the miRNA expression profile was analyzed. miRNA microarray analysis with tissue specimens from gastric MALT lymphomas and surrounding non-tumor mucosae revealed that a hematopoietic-specific miRNA miR-142 and an oncogenic miRNA miR-155 were overexpressed in MALT lymphoma lesions. The expression levels of miR-142-5p and miR-155 were significantly increased in MALT lymphomas which do not respond to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication. The expression levels of miR-142-5p and miR-155 were associated with the clinical courses of gastric MALT lymphoma cases. Overexpression of miR-142-5p and miR-155 was also observed in Helicobacter heilmannii-infected C57BL/6 mice, an animal model of gastric MALT lymphoma. In addition, miR-142-5p and miR-155 suppress the proapoptotic gene TP53INP1 as their target. The results of this study indicate that overexpression of miR-142-5p and miR-155 plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of gastric MALT lymphoma. These miRNAs might have potential application as therapeutic targets and novel biomarkers for gastric MALT lymphoma. PMID:23209550

Malt liquor marketing in inner cities: the role of neighborhood racial composition.

PubMed

McKee, Pat; Jones-Webb, Rhonda; Hannan, Peter; Pham, Lan

2011-01-01

In response to anecdotal reports that African American neighborhoods are targeted for high-alcohol malt liquor advertising, the authors observed alcohol ads on off-premise alcohol outlets, billboards, and transit structures in 10 U.S. cities over 3 years. Malt liquor ads were prevalent on storefronts, but rare on billboards. Using Poisson regression, the authors found that storefront malt liquor ads were more common in neighborhoods with higher percentages of African Americans, even after controlling for social and physical disorder. Results suggest that policymakers attempting to reduce malt liquor-related harms may do well to consider regulations that limit storefront advertising exposure.

Recurrence after radiotherapy for gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma with trisomy 18.

PubMed

Ishikawa, Hisashi; Iwamuro, Masaya; Okada, Hiroyuki; Hori, Keisuke; Kita, Masahide; Kawano, Seiji; Kawahara, Yoshiro; Tanaka, Takehiro; Kondo, Eisei; Yoshino, Tadashi; Yamamoto, Kazuhide

2015-01-01

A 36-year-old Japanese woman presented with extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) in the stomach. The gastric lesions only partially improved after eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori. A fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed no fusion genes of API2-MALT1, although trisomy of chromosome 18 was identified. Radiation therapy was initiated to treat the gastric lymphoma lesions, resulting in complete remission. However, MALT lymphoma recurred in the stomach 16 months later. This case indicates that intensive follow-up is required for MALT lymphoma associated with chromosomal aberrations in order to detect early relapse.

Primary Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma Metachronously Involving Esophagus and Stomach.

PubMed

Byun, Seung Joo; Kang, Hyoun Woo; Cha, Joo Kyoung; Ryoo, Soo Ryeong; Lee, Jeong Hyeon; Kim, Do Yeon; Kim, Eo Jin

2016-05-25

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is found in various organs as extranodal B cell lymphoma. The gastro-intestinal tract is the most commonly involved extranodal site in MALT lymphoma. However, primary esophageal MALT lymphoma is very rare. In addition, few cases with metachronous gastric involvement have been reported. A 55-year-old man was diagnosed with MALT lymphoma by surveillance esop hagogastroduodenoscopy. A 5 cm esophageal submucosal tumor-like lesion was incidentally revealed by screening esophagogastroduodenoscopy two years prior. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed a cylin-drically elongated submucosal mass with normal overlying mucosa in the mid esophagus. He underwent surgery to confirm the diagnosis. The pathologic diagnosis was esophageal MALT lymp homa. He was treated with radiation, which achieved complete remission. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and chest computed tomography were performed every three to six months, with no evidence of recurrence for 18 months. After 21 months, severa l elevated gastric erosions were found on the great curvature and posterior sides of the midbody and confirmed as MALT lymphoma pathologically. Here we report a case with MALT lymphoma metachronously involving the esophagus and stomach.

Fungal community, Fusarium head blight complex and secondary metabolites associated with malting barley grains harvested in Umbria, central Italy.

PubMed

Beccari, Giovanni; Senatore, Maria Teresa; Tini, Francesco; Sulyok, Michael; Covarelli, Lorenzo

2018-05-20

In recent years, due to the negative impact of toxigenic mycobiota and of the accumulation of their secondary metabolites in malting barley grains, monitoring the evolution of fungal communities in a certain cultivation area as well as detecting the different mycotoxins present in the raw material prior to malting and brewing processes have become increasingly important. In this study, a survey was carried out on malting barley samples collected after their harvest in the Umbria region (central Italy). Samples were analyzed to determine the composition of the fungal community, to identify the isolated Fusarium species, to quantify fungal secondary metabolites in the grains and to characterize the in vitro mycotoxigenic profile of a subset of the isolated Fusarium strains. The fungal community of barley grains was mainly composed of microorganisms belonging to the genus Alternaria (77%), followed by those belonging to the genus Fusarium (27%). The Fusarium head blight (FHB) complex was represented by nine species with the predominance of Fusarium poae (37%), followed by Fusarium avenaceum (23%), Fusarium graminearum (22%) and Fusarium tricinctum (7%). Secondary metabolites biosynthesized by Alternaria and Fusarium species were present in the analyzed grains. Among those biosynthesized by Fusarium species, nivalenol and enniatins were the most prevalent ones. Type A trichothecenes (T-2 and HT-2 toxins) as well as beauvericin were also present with a high incidence. Conversely, the number of samples contaminated with deoxynivalenol was low. Conjugated forms, such as deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside and HT-2-glucoside, were detected for the first time in malting barley grains cultivated in the surveyed area. In addition, strains of F. avenaceum and F. tricinctum showed the ability to biosynthesize in vitro high concentrations of enniatins. The analysis of fungal secondary metabolites, both in the grains and in vitro, revealed also the presence of other compounds, for which further investigations will be required. The combination of microbiological analyses, of molecular biology assays and of multi-mycotoxin screening shed light on the complexity of the fungal community and its secondary metabolites released in malting barley. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Multiresidue determination of pesticides in malt beverages by capillary gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and selected ion monitoring.

PubMed

Wong, Jon W; Webster, Michael G; Bezabeh, Dawit Z; Hengel, Mathew J; Ngim, Kenley K; Krynitsky, Alexander J; Ebeler, Susan E

2004-10-20

A method was developed to determine pesticides in malt beverages using solid phase extraction on a polymeric cartridge and sample cleanup with a MgSO4-topped aminopropyl cartridge, followed by capillary gas chromatography with electron impact mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring mode [GC-MS(SIM)]. Three GC injections were required to analyze and identify organophosphate, organohalogen, and organonitrogen pesticides. The pesticides were identified by the retention times of peaks of the target ion and qualifier-to-target ion ratios. GC detection limits for most of the pesticides were 5-10 ng/mL, and linearity was determined from 50 to 5000 ng/mL. Fortification studies were performed at 10 ng/mL for three malt beverages that differ in properties such as alcohol content, solids, and appearance. The recoveries from the three malt beverages were greater than 70% for 85 of the 142 pesticides (including isomers) studied. The data showed that the different malt beverage matrixes had no significant effect on the recoveries. This method was then applied to the screening and analysis of malt beverages for pesticides, resulting in the detection of the insectide carbaryl and the fungicide dimethomorph in real samples. The study indicates that pesticide levels in malt beverages are significantly lower than the tolerance levels set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for malt beverage starting ingredients. The use of the extraction/cleanup procedure and analysis by GC-MS(SIM) proved effective in screening malt beverages for a wide variety of pesticides. Copyright 2004 American Chemical Society

Effect of kilning on the antioxidant and pro-oxidant activities of pale malts.

PubMed

Woffenden, Helen M; Ames, Jennifer M; Chandra, Sachin; Anese, Monica; Nicoli, M Cristina

2002-08-14

Pale malts were prepared using standard and rapid kilning regimes that differed in the temperature and moisture profiles in the kiln. Samples were taken over the last 9 h of kilning, that is, at 18, 20, 22, 25, and 27 h. Antioxidant activity, assessed by redox potential, scavenging of the 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation (ABTS*+), and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), increased at moisture levels below 6.7% for both regimes. The 27 h malt exposed to the rapid regime (moisture content of 4.8%) had a higher activity than the 27 h standard regime sample (moisture content of 4.8%). None of the malts scavenged oxygen. Pro-oxidant activity profiles were different for the malts obtained using each regime and, at 27 h, the rapid procedure gave malt with higher activity. Levels of (+)-catechin and ferulic acid (the most abundant phenolic compounds identified) generally increased as the moisture content of malt fell below 6.7%. Differences in antioxidant and pro-oxidant activities of the 27 h malts are partly attributed to the Maillard reaction, as evidenced by lower L* and higher b* values and higher levels of Maillard-derived flavor compounds, in the sample obtained by the rapid procedure. Levels of lipid-derived flavor compounds were significantly higher after 27 h of kilning using the rapid procedure.

Treatment outcome for gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma according to Helicobacter pylori infection status: a single-center experience.

PubMed

Ryu, Kwang Duck; Kim, Gwang Ha; Park, Seong Oh; Lee, Kwang Jae; Moon, Jung Youn; Jeon, Hye Kyung; Baek, Dong Hoon; Lee, Bong Eun; Song, Geun Am

2014-07-01

Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy has been used as a first-line treatment for H. pylori-positive gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. However, the management strategy for H. pylori-negative MALT lymphoma remains controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the success rate of each treatment option for H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative gastric MALT lymphomas. In total, 57 patients with gastric MALT lymphoma diagnosed between December 2000 and June 2012 were enrolled in the study. The treatment responses were compared between H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative gastric MALT lymphomas. Of the 57 patients, 43 (75%) had H. pylori infection. Forty-eight patients received H. pylori eradication as a first-line treatment, and complete remission was achieved in 31 of the 39 patients (80%) with H. pylori-positive MALT lymphoma and in five (56%) of the nine patients with H. pylori-negative MALT lymphoma; no significant difference was observed between the groups (p=0.135). The other treatment modalities, including radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery, were effective irrespective of H. pylori infection status, with no significant difference in the treatment response between H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative MALT lymphomas. H. pylori eradication therapy may be considered as a first-line treatment regardless of H. pylori infection status.

Treatment Outcome for Gastric Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma according to Helicobacter pylori Infection Status: A Single-Center Experience

PubMed Central

Ryu, Kwang Duck; Kim, Gwang Ha; Park, Seong Oh; Lee, Kwang Jae; Moon, Jung Youn; Jeon, Hye Kyung; Baek, Dong Hoon; Lee, Bong Eun; Song, Geun Am

2014-01-01

Background/Aims Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy has been used as a first-line treatment for H. pylori-positive gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. However, the management strategy for H. pylori-negative MALT lymphoma remains controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the success rate of each treatment option for H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative gastric MALT lymphomas. Methods In total, 57 patients with gastric MALT lymphoma diagnosed between December 2000 and June 2012 were enrolled in the study. The treatment responses were compared between H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative gastric MALT lymphomas. Results Of the 57 patients, 43 (75%) had H. pylori infection. Forty-eight patients received H. pylori eradication as a first-line treatment, and complete remission was achieved in 31 of the 39 patients (80%) with H. pylori-positive MALT lymphoma and in five (56%) of the nine patients with H. pylori-negative MALT lymphoma; no significant difference was observed between the groups (p=0.135). The other treatment modalities, including radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery, were effective irrespective of H. pylori infection status, with no significant difference in the treatment response between H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative MALT lymphomas. Conclusions H. pylori eradication therapy may be considered as a first-line treatment regardless of H. pylori infection status. PMID:25071906

Development and Function of the Mucosal Immune System in the Upper Respiratory Tract of Neonatal Calves.

PubMed

Osman, Rahwa; Malmuthuge, Nilusha; Gonzalez-Cano, Patricia; Griebel, Philip

2018-02-15

Respiratory infections remain the second most common cause of clinical disease and mortality in newborn calves, which has led to increased interest in using vaccines early in life to mitigate this risk. Intranasal vaccination of neonatal calves can be an effective strategy to circumvent vaccine interference by maternal antibody, but this raises questions regarding onset of immune competence in the upper respiratory tract (URT) following birth. Little is known, however, about the development and function of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) in the URT of newborn calves and what factors, including the commensal microbiome, contribute to this early development. We review the structure, development, and function of MALT in the bovine URT during the first six weeks of life and identify knowledge gaps regarding this early developmental time. This information is critical when designing vaccination programs for young calves, especially when targeting respiratory pathogens that may reside within the commensal microbiome.

An Aggressive Form of MALT Lymphoma of the Stomach with Pancreas Infiltration.

PubMed

Mulalic, Edvin; Delibegovic, Samir

2016-06-01

MALT lymphoma accounts for 7-8% of all B-cell lymphomas and at least 50% of primary gastric lymphoma, with the highest incidence at between 50 and 60 years of age. Aggressive forms are rare, as are indications for multi-visceral resection. A patient, 33 years old, was admitted to the tertiary hospital due to a biopsy at a small community hospital confirming adenocarcinoma of the stomach. She was Helicobacter pylori positive. CT showed thickening of the fundus and corpus wall, up to 2.7. cm., with numerous lymph nodes, along the small curvature and in the peripancreatic region, up to 1.5 cm in size. There was close contact between the changed and tumorous posterior wall of the stomach and the anterior surface of the pancreas. Neoplasm of the stomach was found that had infiltrated the body and tail of the pancreas and spleen hilum. Infiltration of the left crura of the diaphragm was also found, ex tempore biopsy showed inflammatory infiltration without elements of neoplasm. Total gastrectomy with omentectomy, and subtotal pancreatectomy and splenectomy were performed. Definitive patho-histological diagnosis confirmed MALT lymphoma of the stomach with pancreas infiltration, but no tumor cells were found on the spleen. Additional staining and immunohistological examination of the specimen from the community hospital showed that this was a misdiagnosis of carcinoma, and the specimen also contained MALT lymphoma. MALT lymphoma frequently occurs in the stomach. For patients with MALT, systematic staging is indicated. If MALT is considered in the differential diagnosis, multiple random systematic biopsies within the stomach wall are needed to optimize diagnostic accuracy. Samples should be subject to immune phenotype analysis6. The main tumor cells of MALT are: CD 20+, CD 5-, CD 10-, CD 23-, CD 43+-. It is obvious that this kind of analysis cannot be accomplished in a small community hospital in a poor country such as Bosnia and Herzegovina, and suspicion of MALT indicates referral to a tertiary center. Although the long term risk of transformation of MALT lymphoma into the aggressive form is low9, this case of the aggressive form of MALT indicates the importance of systematic staging.

Recent advances in understanding the biology of marginal zone lymphoma

PubMed Central

Zucca, Emanuele

2018-01-01

There are three different marginal zone lymphomas (MZLs): the extranodal MZL of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type (MALT lymphoma), the splenic MZL, and the nodal MZL. The three MZLs share common lesions and deregulated pathways but also present specific alterations that can be used for their differential diagnosis. Although trisomies of chromosomes 3 and 18, deletions at 6q23, deregulation of nuclear factor kappa B, and chromatin remodeling genes are frequent events in all of them, the three MZLs differ in the presence of recurrent translocations, mutations affecting the NOTCH pathway, and the transcription factor Kruppel like factor 2 ( KLF2) or the receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase delta ( PTPRD). Since a better understanding of the molecular events underlying each subtype may have practical relevance, this review summarizes the most recent and main advances in our understanding of the genetics and biology of MZLs. PMID:29657712

The effect of Maillard reaction products and yeast strain on the synthesis of key higher alcohols and esters in beer fermentations.

PubMed

Dack, Rachael E; Black, Gary W; Koutsidis, Georgios; Usher, St John

2017-10-01

The effect of Maillard reaction products (MRPs), formed during the production of dark malts, on the synthesis of higher alcohols and esters in beer fermentations was investigated by headspace solid-phase microextraction GC-MS. Higher alcohol levels were significantly (p<0.05) higher in dark malt fermentations, while the synthesis of esters was inhibited, due to possible suppression of enzyme activity and/or gene expression linked to ester synthesis. Yeast strain also affected flavour synthesis with Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain A01 producing considerably lower levels of higher alcohols and esters than S288c and L04. S288c produced approximately double the higher alcohol levels and around twenty times more esters compared to L04. Further investigations into malt type-yeast strain interactions in relation to flavour development are required to gain better understanding of flavour synthesis that could assist in the development of new products and reduce R&D costs for the industry. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

21 CFR 131.200 - Yogurt.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...) Nutritive carbohydrate sweeteners. Sugar (sucrose), beet or cane; invert sugar (in paste or sirup form); brown sugar; refiner's sirup; molasses (other than blackstrap); high fructose corn sirup; fructose; fructose sirup; maltose; maltose sirup, dried maltose sirup; malt extract, dried malt extract; malt sirup...

21 CFR 131.206 - Nonfat yogurt.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...) Nutritive carbohydrate sweeteners. Sugar (sucrose), beet or cane; invert sugar (in paste or sirup form); brown sugar; refiner's sirup; molasses (other than blackstrap); high fructose corn sirup; fructose; fructose sirup; maltose; maltose sirup, dried maltose sirup; malt extract, dired malt extract; malt sirup...

21 CFR 131.206 - Nonfat yogurt.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...) Nutritive carbohydrate sweeteners. Sugar (sucrose), beet or cane; invert sugar (in paste or sirup form); brown sugar; refiner's sirup; molasses (other than blackstrap); high fructose corn sirup; fructose; fructose sirup; maltose; maltose sirup, dried maltose sirup; malt extract, dired malt extract; malt sirup...

21 CFR 131.200 - Yogurt.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) Nutritive carbohydrate sweeteners. Sugar (sucrose), beet or cane; invert sugar (in paste or sirup form); brown sugar; refiner's sirup; molasses (other than blackstrap); high fructose corn sirup; fructose; fructose sirup; maltose; maltose sirup, dried maltose sirup; malt extract, dried malt extract; malt sirup...

21 CFR 131.200 - Yogurt.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...) Nutritive carbohydrate sweeteners. Sugar (sucrose), beet or cane; invert sugar (in paste or sirup form); brown sugar; refiner's sirup; molasses (other than blackstrap); high fructose corn sirup; fructose; fructose sirup; maltose; maltose sirup, dried maltose sirup; malt extract, dried malt extract; malt sirup...

21 CFR 131.206 - Nonfat yogurt.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...) Nutritive carbohydrate sweeteners. Sugar (sucrose), beet or cane; invert sugar (in paste or sirup form); brown sugar; refiner's sirup; molasses (other than blackstrap); high fructose corn sirup; fructose; fructose sirup; maltose; maltose sirup, dried maltose sirup; malt extract, dired malt extract; malt sirup...

21 CFR 131.206 - Nonfat yogurt.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) Nutritive carbohydrate sweeteners. Sugar (sucrose), beet or cane; invert sugar (in paste or sirup form); brown sugar; refiner's sirup; molasses (other than blackstrap); high fructose corn sirup; fructose; fructose sirup; maltose; maltose sirup, dried maltose sirup; malt extract, dired malt extract; malt sirup...

21 CFR 131.200 - Yogurt.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...) Nutritive carbohydrate sweeteners. Sugar (sucrose), beet or cane; invert sugar (in paste or sirup form); brown sugar; refiner's sirup; molasses (other than blackstrap); high fructose corn sirup; fructose; fructose sirup; maltose; maltose sirup, dried maltose sirup; malt extract, dried malt extract; malt sirup...

21 CFR 131.206 - Nonfat yogurt.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...) Nutritive carbohydrate sweeteners. Sugar (sucrose), beet or cane; invert sugar (in paste or sirup form); brown sugar; refiner's sirup; molasses (other than blackstrap); high fructose corn sirup; fructose; fructose sirup; maltose; maltose sirup, dried maltose sirup; malt extract, dired malt extract; malt sirup...

21 CFR 131.200 - Yogurt.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...) Nutritive carbohydrate sweeteners. Sugar (sucrose), beet or cane; invert sugar (in paste or sirup form); brown sugar; refiner's sirup; molasses (other than blackstrap); high fructose corn sirup; fructose; fructose sirup; maltose; maltose sirup, dried maltose sirup; malt extract, dried malt extract; malt sirup...

Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of primary gastric lymphoma: A retrospective study with 165 cases.

PubMed

Wang, Yi-Gao; Zhao, Lin-Yong; Liu, Chuan-Qi; Pan, Si-Cheng; Chen, Xiao-Long; Liu, Kai; Zhang, Wei-Han; Yang, Kun; Chen, Xin-Zu; Zhang, Bo; Chen, Zhi-Xin; Chen, Jia-Ping; Zhou, Zong-Guang; Hu, Jian-Kun

2016-08-01

Primary gastric lymphoma (PGL) is the most common extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This retrospective study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and roles of different treatment modalities in patients with PGL.From January 2003 to November 2014, 165 patients who were diagnosed with PGL at West China Hospital were enrolled in this study. The clinical features, treatment, and follow-up information were analyzed.In this study, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (108, 65.5%) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma (52, 31.5%) were two predominant histological subtypes. One-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of all patients were 95.2% and 79.5%, respectively; in whom 110 (66.7%) underwent surgery, 110 (66.7%) received chemotherapy, 12 (7.3%) received radiotherapy, and 10 (6.1%) received Helicobacter pylori eradication. And 75 patients (45.5%) were treated with at least 2 different types of therapies. Elevated lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, poor performance status (PS), advanced stage, International Prognostic Index (IPI) score ≥3, conservative treatment, and high-grade histological subtype were associated with worse prognosis in univariate analysis. Cox regression analysis showed that LDH levels, PS, staging, and histological subtype were independent predictors of survival outcomes. In the DLBCL type, 5-year OS was significantly better in the surgically treated group (80.1%) than that of patients conservatively treated (49.8%) (P = 0.001). Surgical treatment had almost no impact on OS in the MALT type than conservative treatment (P = 0.597). The proportion of patients received conservative treatment increased from 4.5% in period 1 to 51.7% in period 4.High LDH levels, poor PS, advanced staging, and malignant pathological type at diagnosis are significantly associated with poor OS. Our data suggest that surgery is superior in prognosis over conservative treatment in the DLBCL type, but not in the MALT type. Recently, conservative treatment is becoming more preferred approach in patients with PGL.

Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of primary gastric lymphoma

PubMed Central

Wang, Yi-Gao; Zhao, Lin-Yong; Liu, Chuan-Qi; Pan, Si-Cheng; Chen, Xiao-Long; Liu, Kai; Zhang, Wei-Han; Yang, Kun; Chen, Xin-Zu; Zhang, Bo; Chen, Zhi-Xin; Chen, Jia-Ping; Zhou, Zong-Guang; Hu, Jian-Kun

2016-01-01

Abstract Primary gastric lymphoma (PGL) is the most common extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This retrospective study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and roles of different treatment modalities in patients with PGL. From January 2003 to November 2014, 165 patients who were diagnosed with PGL at West China Hospital were enrolled in this study. The clinical features, treatment, and follow-up information were analyzed. In this study, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (108, 65.5%) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma (52, 31.5%) were two predominant histological subtypes. One-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of all patients were 95.2% and 79.5%, respectively; in whom 110 (66.7%) underwent surgery, 110 (66.7%) received chemotherapy, 12 (7.3%) received radiotherapy, and 10 (6.1%) received Helicobacter pylori eradication. And 75 patients (45.5%) were treated with at least 2 different types of therapies. Elevated lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, poor performance status (PS), advanced stage, International Prognostic Index (IPI) score ≥3, conservative treatment, and high-grade histological subtype were associated with worse prognosis in univariate analysis. Cox regression analysis showed that LDH levels, PS, staging, and histological subtype were independent predictors of survival outcomes. In the DLBCL type, 5-year OS was significantly better in the surgically treated group (80.1%) than that of patients conservatively treated (49.8%) (P = 0.001). Surgical treatment had almost no impact on OS in the MALT type than conservative treatment (P = 0.597). The proportion of patients received conservative treatment increased from 4.5% in period 1 to 51.7% in period 4. High LDH levels, poor PS, advanced staging, and malignant pathological type at diagnosis are significantly associated with poor OS. Our data suggest that surgery is superior in prognosis over conservative treatment in the DLBCL type, but not in the MALT type. Recently, conservative treatment is becoming more preferred approach in patients with PGL. PMID:27495029

Malting of barley with combinations of Lactobacillus plantarum, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma reesei, Rhizopus oligosporus and Geotrichum candidum to enhance malt quality.

PubMed

Hattingh, M; Alexander, A; Meijering, I; van Reenen, C A; Dicks, L M T

2014-03-03

Good quality malt is characterised by the presence of high levels of fermentable sugars, amino acids and vitamins. To reach the starch-rich endosperm of the kernel, β-glucan- and arabinoxylan-rich cell walls have to be degraded. β-Glucanase is synthesized in vast quantities by the aleurone layer and scutellum during germination. Secretion of hydrolytic enzymes is often stimulated by addition of the plant hormone gibberellic acid (GA3) during germination. We have shown an enhanced β-glucanase and α-amylase activity in malt when germinating barley was inoculated with a combination of Lactobacillus plantarum B.S1.6 and spores of Aspergillus niger MH1, Rhizopus oligosporus MH2 or Trichoderma reesei MH3, and L. plantarum B.S1.6 combined with cell-free culture supernatants from each of these fungi. Highest malt β-glucanase activity (414 Units/kg malt) was recorded with a combination of L. plantarum B.S1.6 and spores of A. niger MH1. Highest α-amylase activities were recorded with a combination of L. plantarum B.S1.6 and spores of R. oligosporus MH2 (373 Ceralpha Units/g malt). Highest FAN levels were recorded when L. plantarum was inoculated in combination with spores of either R. oligosporus MH2 or T. reesei MH3 (259 and 260 ppm, respectively). This is the first study showing that cell-free culture supernatants of Aspergillus, Rhizopus and Trichoderma have a stimulating effect on β-glucanase and α-amylase production during malting. A combination of L. plantarum B.S1.6, and spores of A. niger MH1 and R. oligosporus MH2 may be used as starter cultures to enhance malt quality. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

BCA-1 is highly expressed in Helicobacter pylori–induced mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and gastric lymphoma

PubMed Central

Mazzucchelli, Luca; Blaser, Andrea; Kappeler, Andreas; Schärli, Patrik; Laissue, Jean A.; Baggiolini, Marco; Uguccioni, Mariagrazia

1999-01-01

Infection with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) induces the formation of lymphoid tissue in the stomach and the occasional development of primary gastric B-cell lymphomas. We have studied the expression of 2 chemokines that attract B lymphocytes, BCA-1 and SLC, in gastric tissue samples obtained from patients with chronic gastritis induced by Hp infection or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as from patients with Hp-associated low-grade and high-grade gastric lymphomas. High-level expression of BCA-1 and its receptor, CXCR5, was observed in all mucosal lymphoid aggregates and in the mantle zone of all secondary lymphoid follicles in Hp-induced gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Follicular dendritic cells and B lymphocytes are possible sources of BCA-1, which is not expressed by T lymphocytes, macrophages, or CD1a+ dendritic cells. Strong expression of BCA-1 and CXCR5 was also detected in the transformed B cells of gastric MALT lymphomas. By contrast, SLC was confined almost exclusively to endothelial cells in and outside the lymphoid tissue. Only scant, occasional SLC expression was observed in the marginal zone of MALT follicles. Our findings indicate that BCA-1, which functions as a homing chemokine in normal lymphoid tissue, is induced in chronic Hp gastritis and is involved in the formation of lymphoid follicles and gastric lymphomas of the MALT type. J. Clin. Invest. 104:R49–R54 (1999). PMID:10562310

Consumer interest in specialty beers in three European markets.

PubMed

Donadini, G; Fumi, M D; Kordialik-Bogacka, E; Maggi, L; Lambri, M; Sckokai, P

2016-07-01

This study explores the quality perception of specialty beers (SBs) in Italy, Spain and Poland. Five-hundred and fifty mainstream beer consumers were enrolled in this study (two-hundred and thirty Italians, one hundred and sixty Poles and Spaniards respectively). The authors adopted a conjoint rating experiment in which the respondents were given forty SB profiles to evaluate. Each profile was described on six attributes (malt type, adjuncts, alternative source of sugars, characterizing ingredients, sensory characteristics, and retail price) varied at different levels and were asked to state his/her preference for each profile on a 9-point scale of interest. The results of this study showed that the ideal SB: (1) for the aggregate Polish panel is brewed from malted wheat, raw wheat, honey, and tropical fruits, is alcoholic and is priced below 2.00 Euros; (2) for the aggregate Italian panel consists of a beer brewed from malted wheat, maize, honey, and vanilla, is blonde and costs a maximum of 2.00 Euros; (3) for the aggregate Spanish panel is brewed from malted wheat, rye or maize, vanilla, is fruity and is priced below 2.00 Euros. The heterogeneity of interest in specialty beers observed in the three countries under test requires for the adaptation of a SB specifically to each culture in which it is sold. In this process of customization, brewers must take into account that gender modulates the effect of culture on consumer interest in SB sensory characteristics and ingredient formulation. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

MALT1 Inhibition Is Efficacious in Both Naïve and Ibrutinib-Resistant Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

PubMed

Saba, Nakhle S; Wong, Deanna H; Tanios, Georges; Iyer, Jessica R; Lobelle-Rich, Patricia; Dadashian, Eman L; Liu, Delong; Fontan, Lorena; Flemington, Erik K; Nichols, Cydney M; Underbayev, Chingiz; Safah, Hana; Melnick, Ari; Wiestner, Adrian; Herman, Sarah E M

2017-12-15

The clinical efficacy displayed by ibrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been challenged by the frequent emergence of resistant clones. The ibrutinib target, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), is essential for B-cell receptor signaling, and most resistant cases carry mutations in BTK or PLCG2 , a downstream effector target of BTK. Recent findings show that MI-2, a small molecule inhibitor of the para-caspase MALT1, is effective in preclinical models of another type of BCR pathway-dependent lymphoma. We therefore studied the activity of MI-2 against CLL and ibrutinib-resistant CLL. Treatment of CLL cells in vitro with MI-2 inhibited MALT1 proteolytic activity reduced BCR and NF-κB signaling, inhibited nuclear translocation of RelB and p50, and decreased Bcl-xL levels. MI-2 selectively induced dose and time-dependent apoptosis in CLL cells, sparing normal B lymphocytes. Furthermore, MI-2 abrogated survival signals provided by stromal cells and BCR cross-linking and was effective against CLL cells harboring features associated with poor outcomes, including 17p deletion and unmutated IGHV Notably, MI-2 was effective against CLL cells collected from patients harboring mutations conferring resistance to ibrutinib. Overall, our findings provide a preclinical rationale for the clinical development of MALT1 inhibitors in CLL, in particular for ibrutinib-resistant forms of this disease. Cancer Res; 77(24); 7038-48. ©2017 AACR . ©2017 American Association for Cancer Research.

Barley

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The U.S. malting and brewing industries are America’s largest consumers of barley, purchasing more than one-half of the U.S. barley grain crop. More than 70% of the hectares seeded to barley are seeded to cultivars recommended by the American Malting Barley Association (AMBA). The malting and brewi...

27 CFR 7.11 - Use of ingredients containing alcohol in malt beverages; processing of malt beverages.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... by volume must derive a minimum of 2.55% alcohol by volume from the fermentation of barley malt and..., bitterness, or other characteristics derived from fermentation. [TTB T.D.-21, 70 FR 234, Jan. 3, 2005] ...

27 CFR 7.11 - Use of ingredients containing alcohol in malt beverages; processing of malt beverages.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... by volume must derive a minimum of 2.55% alcohol by volume from the fermentation of barley malt and..., bitterness, or other characteristics derived from fermentation. [TTB T.D.-21, 70 FR 234, Jan. 3, 2005] ...

27 CFR 7.11 - Use of ingredients containing alcohol in malt beverages; processing of malt beverages.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... by volume must derive a minimum of 2.55% alcohol by volume from the fermentation of barley malt and..., bitterness, or other characteristics derived from fermentation. [TTB T.D.-21, 70 FR 234, Jan. 3, 2005] ...

27 CFR 7.11 - Use of ingredients containing alcohol in malt beverages; processing of malt beverages.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... by volume must derive a minimum of 2.55% alcohol by volume from the fermentation of barley malt and..., bitterness, or other characteristics derived from fermentation. [TTB T.D.-21, 70 FR 234, Jan. 3, 2005] ...

27 CFR 7.11 - Use of ingredients containing alcohol in malt beverages; processing of malt beverages.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... by volume must derive a minimum of 2.55% alcohol by volume from the fermentation of barley malt and..., bitterness, or other characteristics derived from fermentation. [TTB T.D.-21, 70 FR 234, Jan. 3, 2005] ...

Molecular Pathogenesis of MALT Lymphoma

PubMed Central

Troppan, Katharina; Wenzl, Kerstin; Neumeister, Peter; Deutsch, Alexander

2015-01-01

Approximately 8% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas are extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), also known as MALT lymphoma, which was first described in 1983 by Isaacson and Wright. MALT lymphomas arise at a wide range of different extranodal sites, with the highest frequency in the stomach, followed by lung, ocular adnexa, and thyroid, and with a low percentage in the small intestine. Interestingly, at least 3 different, apparently site-specific, chromosomal translocations and missense and frameshift mutations, all pathway-related genes affecting the NF-κB signal, have been implicated in the development and progression of MALT lymphoma. However, these genetic abnormalities alone are not sufficient for malignant transformation. There is now increasing evidence suggesting that the oncogenic product of translocation cooperates with immunological stimulation in oncogenesis, that is, the association with chronic bacterial infection or autoaggressive process. This review mainly discusses MALT lymphomas in terms of their genetic aberration and association with chronic infections and summarizes recent advances in their molecular pathogenesis. PMID:25922601

Occurrence of biogenic amines in beers produced with malted organic Emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum).

PubMed

Mozzon, Massimo; Boselli, Emanuele; Obiedziński, Mieczysław W; Frega, Natale G

2015-01-01

Because several groups of microorganisms are able to decarboxylate amino acids, the presence of biogenic amines (BA) can be seen as an index of the microbiological quality of the brewing process. BAs were quantified for the first time in the intermediate products and craft beers produced with malted organic Emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum) in a small size brewery in order to assess the possible presence of critical control points related to biological hazard in the brewing process. BA levels in beers produced exclusively from malted organic Emmer wheat were between 15.4 and 25.2 mg l(-1) in the samples of light beer (Lt) and between 8.9 and 15.3 mg l(-1) in double malt beers (DM) ready for consumption (the beers stored for 90 days at 1-2°C). Cadaverine and tyramine were the main BAs in the Lt and DM beers, respectively. Increased concentrations of BAs seemed to be more related to the heat treatment of the processing product during mashing and wort boiling, rather than to the fermentation process. Much lower concentrations were found in finished beers obtained from 50% malted organic Emmer wheat and 50% malted barley (up to 3.2 mg l(-1)) or from 30% malted Emmer wheat (up to 8.3 mg l(-1)). Thus, Emmer wheat malt can be a useful alternative to wheat and spelt for the production of beer with a limited content of BA, if the processing technology is kept under control.

Management of Suspicious Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma in Gastric Biopsy Specimens Obtained during Screening Endoscopy.

PubMed

Yang, Hyo-Joon; Lim, Seon Hee; Lee, Changhyun; Choi, Ji Min; Yang, Jong In; Chung, Su Jin; Choi, Seung Ho; Im, Jong Pil; Kim, Sang Gyun; Kim, Joo Sung

2016-07-01

It is often difficult to differentiate gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma from Helicobacter pylori-associated follicular gastritis, and thus, it becomes unclear how to manage these diseases. This study aimed to explore the management strategy for and the long-term outcomes of suspicious gastric MALT lymphoma detected by forceps biopsy during screening upper endoscopy. Between October 2003 and May 2013, consecutive subjects who were diagnosed with suspicious gastric MALT lymphomas by screening endoscopy in a health checkup program in Korea were retrospectively enrolled. Suspicious MALT lymphoma was defined as a Wotherspoon score of 3 or 4 upon pathological evaluation of the biopsy specimen. Of 105,164 subjects who underwent screening endoscopies, 49 patients with suspicious MALT lymphomas who underwent subsequent endoscopy were enrolled. Eight patients received a subsequent endoscopy without H. pylori eradication (subsequent endoscopy only group), and 41 patients received H. pylori eradication first followed by endoscopy (eradication first group). MALT lymphoma development was significantly lower in the eradication first group (2/41, 4.9%) than in the subsequent endoscopy only group (3/8, 37.5%, P = 0.026). Notably, among 35 patients with successful H. pylori eradication, there was only one MALT lymphoma patient (2.9%) in whom complete remission was achieved, and there was no recurrence during a median 45 months of endoscopic follow-up. H. pylori eradication with subsequent endoscopy would be a practical management option for suspicious MALT lymphoma detected in a forceps biopsy specimen obtained during screening upper endoscopy.

27 CFR 7.50 - Application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... THE TREASURY LIQUORS LABELING AND ADVERTISING OF MALT BEVERAGES Advertising of Malt Beverages § 7.50... outdoor advertisement, or in any other printed or graphic matter, any advertisement of malt beverages, if such advertising is in, or is calculated to induce sales in, interstate or foreign commerce, or is...

21 CFR 184.1443a - Malt.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Substances Affirmed as GRAS § 184.1443a Malt. (a) Malt is an enzyme preparation obtained from barley which... a brown, sweet, and viscous liquid or a white to tan powder. Its characterizing enzyme activities... requirements and additional requirements for enzyme preparations in the Food Chemicals Codex, 3d ed. (1981), p...

21 CFR 184.1443a - Malt.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Substances Affirmed as GRAS § 184.1443a Malt. (a) Malt is an enzyme preparation obtained from barley which... a brown, sweet, and viscous liquid or a white to tan powder. Its characterizing enzyme activities... requirements and additional requirements for enzyme preparations in the Food Chemicals Codex, 3d ed. (1981), p...

African-American Youth Perceptions of Alcohol Advertisements: A Preliminary Analysis.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

More, Timothy; Taylor, David; Turner, Dion

1998-01-01

Examines motivational factors associated with malt liquor consumption in African American youth. (Malt liquor is directly marketed to African-American youth.) Over 90% of respondents consumed alcohol in the past. Students viewed malt liquor commercials as being more associated with sex and power than were beer commercials. (MMU)

21 CFR 184.1443a - Malt.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Substances Affirmed as GRAS § 184.1443a Malt. (a) Malt is an enzyme preparation obtained from barley which... a brown, sweet, and viscous liquid or a white to tan powder. Its characterizing enzyme activities... requirements and additional requirements for enzyme preparations in the Food Chemicals Codex, 3d ed. (1981), p...

21 CFR 184.1443a - Malt.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Substances Affirmed as GRAS § 184.1443a Malt. (a) Malt is an enzyme preparation obtained from barley which... a brown, sweet, and viscous liquid or a white to tan powder. Its characterizing enzyme activities... requirements and additional requirements for enzyme preparations in the Food Chemicals Codex, 3d ed. (1981), p...

27 CFR 7.22 - Mandatory label information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS LABELING AND ADVERTISING OF MALT BEVERAGES Labeling Requirements for Malt Beverages § 7.22 Mandatory label information. There shall be stated: (a) On the brand label: (1) Brand name....27. (5) Alcohol content in accordance with § 7.71, for malt beverages that contain any alcohol...

Gibberellic acid (GA3) induced changes in proanthocyanidins and malt quality of two- and six-row husked barleys.

PubMed

Yadav, S K; Luthra, Y P; Sood, D R; Aggarwal, N K

2000-01-01

Analysis of husked barleys for proanthocyanidins and malt quality attributes has shown that not a single variety is free of proanthocyanidins. The proanthocyanidins in barley grains varied from 3.85 to 4.94 mg/g as catechin equivalent. The concentration of proanthocyanidins decreased, while total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, diastatic power and beta-amylase activity increased during maltings as well as with exogenous gibberellic acid (GA3) application. Alfa 93 (two-row) and RD2560 (six-row) varieties appeared to be superior for malting and brewing purposes on the basis of proanthocyanidins, total phenols, diastatic power and beta-amylase activity. It is suggested that exogenous application of GA3 at 15 ppm may be useful for producing good quality malt from barley grains.

Germination of oat and quinoa and evaluation of the malts as gluten free baking ingredients.

PubMed

Mäkinen, Outi E; Zannini, Emanuele; Arendt, Elke K

2013-03-01

Germination can be used to improve the sensory and nutritional properties of cereal and pseudocereal grains. Oat and quinoa are rich in minerals, vitamins and fibre while quinoa also contains high amounts of protein of a high nutritional value. In this study, oat and quinoa malts were produced and incorporated in a rice and potato based gluten free formulation. Germination of oat led to a drastic increase of α-amylase activity from 0.3 to 48 U/g, and minor increases in proteolytic and lipolytic activities. Little change was observed in quinoa except a decrease in proteolytic activity from 9.6 to 6.9 U/g. Oat malt addition decreased batter viscosities at both proofing temperature and during heating. These changes led to a decrease in bread density from 0.59 to 0.5 g/ml and the formation of a more open crumb, but overdosing of oat malt deteriorated the product as a result of excessive amylolysis during baking. Quinoa malt had no significant effect on the baking properties due to low α-amylase activity. Despite showing a very different impact on the bread quality, both malts influenced the electrophoretic patterns of rice flour protein similarly. This suggests that malt induced proteolysis does not influence the technological properties of a complex gluten free formulation.

Methylation patterns in marginal zone lymphoma.

PubMed

Arribas, Alberto J; Bertoni, Francesco

Promoter DNA methylation is a major regulator of gene expression and transcription. The identification of methylation changes is important for understanding disease pathogenesis, for identifying prognostic markers and can drive novel therapeutic approaches. In this review we summarize the current knowledge regarding DNA methylation in MALT lymphoma, splenic marginal zone lymphoma, nodal marginal zone lymphoma. Despite important differences in the study design for different publications and the existence of a sole large and genome-wide methylation study for splenic marginal zone lymphoma, it is clear that DNA methylation plays an important role in marginal zone lymphomas, in which it contributes to the inactivation of tumor suppressors but also to the expression of genes sustaining tumor cell survival and proliferation. Existing preclinical data provide the rationale to target the methylation machinery in these disorders. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Characterization and risk estimate of cancer in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome.

PubMed

Brito-Zerón, Pilar; Kostov, Belchin; Fraile, Guadalupe; Caravia-Durán, Daniel; Maure, Brenda; Rascón, Francisco-Javier; Zamora, Mónica; Casanovas, Arnau; Lopez-Dupla, Miguel; Ripoll, Mar; Pinilla, Blanca; Fonseca, Eva; Akasbi, Miriam; de la Red, Gloria; Duarte-Millán, Miguel-Angel; Fanlo, Patricia; Guisado-Vasco, Pablo; Pérez-Alvarez, Roberto; Chamorro, Antonio J; Morcillo, César; Jiménez-Heredia, Iratxe; Sánchez-Berná, Isabel; López-Guillermo, Armando; Ramos-Casals, Manuel

2017-04-17

The purpose of this study is to characterize the risk of cancer in a large cohort of patients with primary Sjögren syndrome (SjS). We had analyzed the development of cancer in 1300 consecutive patients fulfilling the 2002 SjS classification criteria. The baseline clinical and immunological characteristics and systemic activity (ESSDAI scores) were assessed at diagnosis as predictors of cancer using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis adjusted for age at diagnosis and gender. The sex-and age-specific standardized incidence ratios (SIR) of cancer were estimated from 2012 Spanish mortality data. After a mean follow-up of 91 months, 127 (9.8%) patients developed 133 cancers. The most frequent type of cancer was B-cell lymphoma (including 27 MALT and 19 non-MALT B-cell lymphomas). Systemic activity at diagnosis of primary SjS correlated with the risk of hematological neoplasia and cryoglobulins with a high risk of either B-cell or non-B-cell lymphoma subtypes. Patients with cytopenias had a high risk of non-MALT B-cell and non-B-cell cancer, while those with low C3 levels had a high risk of MALT lymphomas and those with monoclonal gammopathy and low C4 levels had a high risk of non-MALT lymphomas. The estimated SIR for solid cancer was 1.13 and 11.02 for hematological cancer. SIRs for specific cancers were 36.17 for multiple myeloma and immunoproliferative diseases, 19.41 for Hodgkin lymphoma, 6.04 for other non-Hodgkin lymphomas, 5.17 for thyroid cancer, 4.81 for cancers of the lip and oral cavity, and 2.53 for stomach cancer. One third of cancers developed by patients with primary SjS are B-cell lymphomas. The prognostic factors identified at SjS diagnosis differed according to the subtype of B-cell lymphoma developed. Primary SjS is also associated with the development of some non-hematological cancers (thyroid, oral cavity, and stomach).

BCL10 aberations and NF-kappa B activation involving p65 are absent or rare in primary gastric MALT lymphoma.

PubMed

Hajder, Jelena; Marisavljević, Dragomir; Stanisavljević, Natasa; Mihaljević, Biljana; Kovcin, Vladimir; Marković, Olivera; Zivković, Radmila

2014-11-01

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma accounts for 5-17% non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). The molecular pathogenesis of MALT lymphomas is not well-established. The aim of this study was to evaluate immunohistochemically determined nuclear coexpression of BCL10 and NF-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in tumor cells of gastric MALT lymphoma and its impact on the patogenesis and outcome of the disease. Medical records of 35 patients with newly diagnosed gastric MALT lymphoma were analyzed and biopsy specimens were immunostained for BCL10 and NF-kappaB expression (p65 subunit). The median age of 35 patients diagnosed with gastric MALT lymphoma was 63.5 years (male/female = 21/14). Symptoms were present in 23/35 (65.7%) patients with the weight loss as the most common symptom. Gastric MALT lymphomas were usually localized in the stomach corpus and corpus and antrum (45.7% and 31.2%, respectively). H. pylon infection was confirmed in 20 out of 30 (66.7%) patients. Treatment options were as follows: immunochemotherapy in 10 (28.5%) patients, surgery in 9 (25.8%) patients, combined surgery and chemotherapy in 14 (40%) patients and supportive measures in 2 (5.7%) patients. Complete remission was achieved in 13 (37.10/) patients and partial remission in two (5.7%/) patients. Sixteen (45.7%/) patients had disease progression (p < 0.001). Cytoplasmatic expression of BCL10 in tumor cells was detected in 19 (54.3%) specimens. Nuclear expression was detected in no specimen. Cytoplasmic expression of NF-kappaB was present in 22 (65.7%) specimens, but nuclear expression was not detected in any specimens. Nuclear expressions (activation)of NF-kappaB p65 subunit and BCL10 were not detected in specimens of gastric MALT lymphoma. The correlation of nuclear coexpression of BCL10 and NF-kappaB in gastric MALT lymphoma was not established. These results indicate that other mechanisms and signal pathways are active in lymphogenesis of gastric MALT lymphoma, as that apoptotic inhibition is not the main, nor the only mechanism in tumorogenesis.

Management of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in patients with extra copies of the MALT1 gene.

PubMed

Iwamuro, Masaya; Takenaka, Ryuta; Nakagawa, Masahiro; Moritou, Yuki; Saito, Shunsuke; Hori, Shinichiro; Inaba, Tomoki; Kawai, Yoshinari; Toyokawa, Tatsuya; Tanaka, Takehiro; Yoshino, Tadashi; Okada, Hiroyuki

2017-09-07

To identify the clinical features of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma with extra copies of MALT1. This is a multi-centered, retrospective study. We reviewed 146 patients with MALT lymphoma in the stomach who underwent fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis for t(11;18) translocation. Patients were subdivided into patients without t(11;18) translocation or extra copies of MALT1 (Group A, n = 88), patients with t(11;18) translocation (Group B, n = 27), and patients with extra copies of MALT1 (Group C, n = 31). The clinical background, treatment, and outcomes of each group were investigated. Groups A and C showed slight female predominance, whereas Group B showed slight male predominance. Mean ages and clinical stages at lymphoma diagnosis were not different between groups. Complete response was obtained in 61 patients in Group A (69.3%), 22 in Group B (81.5%), and 21 in Group C (67.7%). Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication alone resulted in complete remission in 44 patients in Group A and 13 in Group C. In Group B, 14 patients underwent radiotherapy alone, which resulted in lymphoma disappearance. Although the difference was not statistically significant, event-free survival in Group C tended to be inferior to that in Group A (P = 0.10). Patients with t(11;18) translocation should be treated differently from others. Patients with extra copies of MALT1 could be initially treated with H. pylori eradication, similar to patients without t(11;18) translocation or extra copies of MALT1.

Treatment of low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma using Helicobacter pylori eradication.

PubMed

Grgov, Saša; Katić, Vuka; Krstić, Miljan; Nagorni, Aleksandar; Radovanović-Dinić, Biljana; Tasić, Tomislav

2015-05-01

Lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) of the stomach usually occurs as a consequence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effect of treatment of low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma with the H. pylori eradication method. In the period 2002-2012 in 20 patients with dyspepsia, mean age 55.1 years, the endoscopic and histologic diagnosis of gastric MALT lymphoma in the early stages were made. Histological preparations of endoscopic biopsy specimens were stained with hematoxyllineosin (HE), histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. Endoscopic findings of gastritis were documented in 25% of the patients, and 75% of the patients had hypertrophic folds, severe mucosal hyperemia, fragility, nodularity, exulcerations and rigidity. Histopathologically, pathognomonic diagnostic criterion were infiltration and destruction of glandular epithelium with neoplastic lymphoid cells, the so-called lymphoepithelial lesions. In all 20 patients H. pylori was verified by rapid urease test and Giemsa stain. After the triple eradication therapy complete remission of MALT lymphoma was achieved in 85% of the patients, with no recurrence of lymphoma and H. pyloi infection in the average follow-up period of 48 months. In 3 (15%) of the patients, there was no remission of MALT lymphoma 12 months after the eradication therapy. Of these 3 patients 2 had progression of MALT lymphoma to diffuse large-cell lymphoma. Durable complete remission of low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma is achieved in a high percentage after eradication of H. pylori infection, thus preventing the formation of diffuse large-cell lymphoma and gastric adenocarcinoma.

Management of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in patients with extra copies of the MALT1 gene

PubMed Central

Iwamuro, Masaya; Takenaka, Ryuta; Nakagawa, Masahiro; Moritou, Yuki; Saito, Shunsuke; Hori, Shinichiro; Inaba, Tomoki; Kawai, Yoshinari; Toyokawa, Tatsuya; Tanaka, Takehiro; Yoshino, Tadashi; Okada, Hiroyuki

2017-01-01

AIM To identify the clinical features of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma with extra copies of MALT1. METHODS This is a multi-centered, retrospective study. We reviewed 146 patients with MALT lymphoma in the stomach who underwent fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis for t(11;18) translocation. Patients were subdivided into patients without t(11;18) translocation or extra copies of MALT1 (Group A, n = 88), patients with t(11;18) translocation (Group B, n = 27), and patients with extra copies of MALT1 (Group C, n = 31). The clinical background, treatment, and outcomes of each group were investigated. RESULTS Groups A and C showed slight female predominance, whereas Group B showed slight male predominance. Mean ages and clinical stages at lymphoma diagnosis were not different between groups. Complete response was obtained in 61 patients in Group A (69.3%), 22 in Group B (81.5%), and 21 in Group C (67.7%). Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication alone resulted in complete remission in 44 patients in Group A and 13 in Group C. In Group B, 14 patients underwent radiotherapy alone, which resulted in lymphoma disappearance. Although the difference was not statistically significant, event-free survival in Group C tended to be inferior to that in Group A (P = 0.10). CONCLUSION Patients with t(11;18) translocation should be treated differently from others. Patients with extra copies of MALT1 could be initially treated with H. pylori eradication, similar to patients without t(11;18) translocation or extra copies of MALT1. PMID:28970731

Is narrow-band imaging useful for histological evaluation of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma after treatment?

PubMed

Nonaka, Kouichi; Ohata, Ken; Matsuhashi, Nobuyuki; Shimizu, Michio; Arai, Shin; Hiejima, Yoshimitsu; Kita, Hiroto

2014-05-01

Endoscopic diagnosis of stomach mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is often difficult because few specific findings are indicated. Even when MALT lymphoma is suspected by endoscopy, it is still difficult to make a definitive diagnosis by biopsy because lymphoma cells sometimes distribute unevenly. We previously reported that a tree-like appearance (TLA) is a characteristic finding of MALT lymphoma by narrow-band imaging (NBI) magnifying endoscopy and it is valuable in the selection of an optimal biopsy site in MALT lymphoma. Here, we study the frequency of TLA and evaluate the relationship between the response to eradication therapy and TLA in MALT lymphoma. We retrospectively examined the clinical background, endoscopic findings, response to eradication therapy, and Helicobacter pylori infection status of 16 patients diagnosed with MALT lymphoma who were referred to our hospital from April 2007 to August 2012. The regimen for eradicationtherapy consisted of rabeprazole, with amoxicillin and clarithromycin, all given for 7 days. TLA was found in 75% (12/16) and H. pylori infection in 75% (12/16) of patients diagnosed with MALT lymphoma by NBI magnifying endoscopy. In all complete regression (CR) patients after eradication treatment, the TLA finding had disappeared (100%); however, in the non-CR patients, TLA remained the same as before the eradication therapy (P=0.002). These results suggest that NBI magnifying endoscopy may be useful not only in the diagnosis but also in the evaluation of the response to eradication therapy of MALT lymphoma of the stomach. © 2013 The Authors. Digestive Endoscopy © 2013 Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society.

27 CFR 8.22 - Contracts to purchase distilled spirits, wine, or malt beverages.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... distilled spirits, wine, or malt beverages. 8.22 Section 8.22 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL... Practices § 8.22 Contracts to purchase distilled spirits, wine, or malt beverages. Any contract or agreement, written or unwritten, which has the effect of requiring the retailer to purchase distilled spirits, wine...

40 CFR 180.522 - Fumigants for processed grains used in production of fermented malt beverage; tolerances for...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... production of fermented malt beverage; tolerances for residues. 180.522 Section 180.522 Protection of... PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.522 Fumigants for processed grains used in production of fermented malt beverage; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Fumigants for processed grain...

21 CFR 184.1443a - Malt.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

....1443a Malt. (a) Malt is an enzyme preparation obtained from barley which has been softened by a series... liquid or a white to tan powder. Its characterizing enzyme activities are α-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1.) and β... enzyme preparations in the Food Chemicals Codex, 3d ed. (1981), p. 110, which is incorporated by...

Marginal Zone Lymphoma

MedlinePlus

... MALT) is the most common form of MZL, accounting for about two-thirds of all MZL cases per year. This type occurs outside the lymph nodes Small bean-shaped glands located in the small vessels of the lymphatic system. There are thousands of lymph nodes located throughout ...

Gamma irradiation of sorghum flour: Effects on microbial inactivation, amylase activity, fermentability, viscosity and starch granule structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mukisa, Ivan M.; Muyanja, Charles M. B. K.; Byaruhanga, Yusuf B.; Schüller, Reidar B.; Langsrud, Thor; Narvhus, Judith A.

2012-03-01

Malted and un-malted sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) flour was gamma irradiated with a dose of 10 kGy and then re-irradiated with 25 kGy. The effects of irradiation on microbial decontamination, amylase activity, fermentability (using an amylolytic L. plantarum MNC 21 strain), starch granule structure and viscosity were determined. Standard methods were used during determinations. The 10 kGy dose had no effect on microbial load of un-malted flour but reduced that of malted flour by 3 log cycles. Re-irradiation resulted in complete decontamination. Irradiation of malt caused a significant ( p<0.05) reduction in alpha and beta amylase activity (22% and 32%, respectively). Irradiation of un-malted flour increased the rates of utilization of glucose and maltose by 53% and 100%, respectively, during fermentation. However, microbial growth, rate of lactic acid production, final lactic acid concentration and pH were not affected. Starch granules appeared normal externally even after re-irradiation, however, granules ruptured and dissolved easily after hydration and gelatinization. Production of high dry matter density porridge (200 g dry matter/L) with a viscosity of 3500 cP was achieved by irradiation of un-malted flout at 10 kGy. Gamma irradiation can be used to decontaminate flours and could be utilized to produce weaning porridge from sorghum.

Combinatorial BTK and MALT1 inhibition augments killing of CD79 mutant diffuse large B cell lymphoma

PubMed Central

Nagel, Daniel; Bognar, Miriam; Eitelhuber, Andrea C.; Kutzner, Kerstin; Vincendeau, Michelle; Krappmann, Daniel

2015-01-01

Survival of activated B cell-subtype (ABC) of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is driven by chronic B cell receptor (BCR) signaling that activates the canonical NF-κB pathway. Inhibition of BTK by Ibrutinib has been shown to kill ABC DLBCL cells that carry activating mutations in the BCR adaptor CD79. However, mutations in BTK or in downstream components such as CARMA1/CARD11 can render lymphomas Ibrutinib resistant. Therefore, we assessed here the simultaneous inhibition of BTK and the protease MALT1 that acts downstream of CARMA1 and is essential for ABC DLBCL tumor growth. We show that in CD79 mutant cells BTK is a crucial upstream regulator of MALT1, but dispensable in CARMA1 mutant ABC DLBCL. Combined inhibition of BTK by Ibrutinib and MALT1 by S-Mepazine additively impaired MALT1 cleavage activity and expression of NF-κB pro-survival factors. Thereby, combinatorial Ibrutinib and S-Mepazine treatment enhanced killing of CD79 mutant ABC DLBCL cells. Moreover, while expression of oncogenic CARMA1 in CD79 mutant cells conferred Ibrutinib resistance, double mutant cells were still sensitive to MALT1 inhibition by S-Mepazine. Thus, based on the genetic background combinatorial BTK and MALT1 inhibition may improve effectiveness of therapeutic treatment and reduce the chances for the development of drug resistances. PMID:26540570

Changes in nutritional and physico-chemical properties of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) Ex-Borno variety flour as a result of malting.

PubMed

Obadina, Adewale O; Arogbokun, Christianah A; Soares, Antonio O; de Carvalho, Carlos Wanderlei Piler; Barboza, Henriqueta Talita; Adekoya, Ifeoluwa O

2017-12-01

The effect of malting periods on the nutritional composition and physico-chemical properties of flour from pearl millet (Ex-Borno) variety was evaluated. Grains were steeped at 25 °C for 24 h and germinated for different durations (12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84 and 96 h) before kilning at 55 °C for 18 h. The kilned seeds were devegetated, milled, sieved and analysed for their proximate composition, amino acid composition, total phenolic content, functional and pasting properties. The carbohydrate, fat and total phenolic contents of the pearl millet flour samples decreased while protein content increased with increased malting periods. Leucine was the dominant amino acid in the flour and 48 h-malted flour had the highest total amino acid (6.72). Peak viscosity significantly decreased as the malting period increased. Solubility index, pasting temperature and phenolic content of the flours ranged from 5.13 to 17.24%, 69.05 to 89.5 °C and 130.20 to 169.90 mg/100 g, respectively. Malting offers a means of improving the nutritional profile of Ex-Borno pearl millet flour with an increased protein and fibre and reduced fat content. Malting also enhanced the functional and pasting properties of the flour.

Infectious Aetiology of Marginal Zone Lymphoma and Role of Anti-Infective Therapy

PubMed Central

Perrone, Salvatore; D’Elia, Gianna Maria; Annechini, Giorgia; Pulsoni, Alessandro

2016-01-01

Marginal zone lymphomas have been associated with several infectious agents covering both viral and bacterial pathogens and in some cases a clear aetiological role has been established. Pathogenetic mechanisms are currently not completely understood. However, the role of chronic stimulation of the host immune response with persistent lymphocyte activation represents the most convincing explanation for lymphoproliferation. Gastric MALT lymphoma is strictly associated with Helicobacter pylori infection and various eradicating protocols, developed due to increasing antibiotic resistance, represent the first line therapy for gastric MALT. The response rate to eradication is good with 80% of response at 1 year; this finding is also noteworthy because it recapitulates cancer cured only by the antibacterial approach and it satisfies the Koch postulates of causation, establishing a causative relationship between Hp and gastric MALT lymphoma. Patients with chronic HCV infection have 5 times higher risk to develop MZL, in particular, an association with splenic and nodal MZL has been shown in several studies. Moreover, there is evidence of lymphoma regression after antiviral therapy with interferon+ribavirin, thus raising hope that newly available drugs, extremely efficient against HCV replication, could improve outcome also in HCV-driven lymphomas. Another case-study are represented by those rare cases of MZL localized to orbital fat and eye conjunctivas that have been associated with Chlamydophila psittaci infection carried by birds. Efficacy of antibacterial therapy against C. psittaci are conflicting and generally poorer than gastric MALT. Finally, some case reports will cover the relationship between primary cutaneous B-cell Lymphomas and Borrelia Burgdorferi. PMID:26740867

75 FR 81949 - Disclosure of Cochineal Extract and Carmine in the Labeling of Wines, Distilled Spirits, and Malt...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-29

... Extract and Carmine in the Labeling of Wines, Distilled Spirits, and Malt Beverages; Comment Period... Extract and Carmine in the Labeling of Wines, Distilled Spirits, and Malt Beverages, a notice of proposed... wines sold in the United States. The letter explained that because DISCUS is in the process of...

More than Words: A Reply to Malt and Sloman

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bloom, Paul

2007-01-01

In four experiments, Malt and Sloman [Malt, B. C., & Sloman, S. A. (2007). Category essence or essentially pragmatic? Creator's intention in naming and what's really what. "Cognition, 105," 615-648] show that the naming of artifacts is affected by discourse context. They see this phenomenon as posing a problem for the intentional-history theory of…

E2A-positive gastric MALT lymphoma has weaker plasmacytoid infiltrates and stronger expression of the memory B-cell-associated miR-223: possible correlation with stage and treatment response.

PubMed

Liu, Ting-Yun; Chen, Shee-Uan; Kuo, Sung-Hsin; Cheng, Ann-Lii; Lin, Chung-Wu

2010-11-01

Extranodal marginal-zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue of the stomach (gastric MALT lymphoma) is derived from memory B cells of the marginal zone. Normal memory B cells do not express markers of germinal-center B cells, such as E2A (immunoglobulin enhancer-binding factor E12/E47), B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma 6 (BCL6), or activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). E2A is a transcription factor that induces somatic hypermutations and blocks plasma cell differentiation. In 50 stage-I(E)/II(E1) gastric MALT lymphomas, we confirmed that all cases were BCL6(-)/AID(-), but a subset (50%, 25/50) was E2A(+). As E2A(-) and E2A(+) gastric MALT lymphomas had similar numbers of somatic hypermutations without intraclonal variations, which implied an origin from memory B cells, the expression of E2A was best regarded as a marker of aberrant follicular differentiation. Although the status of somatic hypermutation was not affected by E2A, E2A(+) gastric MALT lymphoma showed less plasmacytoid infiltrates and higher expressions of miRNA-223, a microRNA associated with memory B cells. Clinically, E2A(+) gastric MALT lymphomas were more likely to spread to perigastric lymph nodes and were less responsive to Helicobacter eradication therapy than were E2A(-) gastric MALT lymphomas. Taken together, aberrant E2A expression is a diagnostic feature of a subtype of gastric MALT lymphoma with weaker plasmacytoid infiltrates and stronger miR-223 expression. A prospective study would be necessary to verify the association between E2A expression and a poor response to Helicobacter eradication therapy.

[Prognostic impact of Helicobacter pylori infection and eradication therapy in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma].

PubMed

Park, Sang Hyuk; Chi, Hyun-Sook; Park, Seo-Jin; Jang, Seongsoo; Park, Chan-Jeoung; Huh, Joo Ryung

2010-12-01

Gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is associated with Helicobacter pylori infection and H. pylori eradication is used as its first-line therapy. However, controversies exist about the prognostic value of H. pylori infection in these patients. We evaluated the prognostic impact of H. pylori infection and eradication therapy in gastric MALT lymphoma. A total of 292 patients diagnosed with MALT lymphoma since 2000 were analysed. MALT lymphoma was diagnosed with tissue biopsy and H. pylori infection was diagnosed with hematoxylin-eosin and additional Warthin-Starry stains on tissue sections. Clinical variables such as bone marrow (BM) involvement, multiorgan involvement, tumor stage at diagnosis, and remission were obtained with retrospective review of electronic medical records. Non-gastric MALT lymphoma patients showed higher multiorgan involvement rates (26.6% vs. 9.6%, P<0.001) and higher proportion of stage ≥ 3 (27.7% vs. 16.7%, P=0.029) than gastric cases. Regarding gastric MALT lymphoma, patients with H. pylori infection at diagnosis showed significantly less BM (2.1% vs. 21.8%, P<0.001) and multiorgan involvement rates (6.3% vs. 18.2%, P=0.011) than those without infection. But there was no significant difference in remission rates between them. In contrast, those with successful H. pylori eradication therapy showed significantly higher remission rates (81.0% vs. 30.8%, P<0.001) than those with failure. Non-gastric MALT lymphoma patients showed worse prognosis compared to gastric cases. As for remission rates in patients with gastric MALT lymphoma, successful H. pylori eradication therapy could be a good prognostic factor even if H. pylori infection was present at diagnosis.

Endosperm structure affects the malting quality of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).

PubMed

Holopainen, Ulla R M; Wilhelmson, Annika; Salmenkallio-Marttila, Marjatta; Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Rajala, Ari; Reinikainen, Pekka; Kotaviita, Erja; Simolin, Helena; Home, Silja

2005-09-07

Twenty-seven barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) samples collected from growing sites in Scandinavia in 2001 and 2002 were examined to study the effect of endosperm structure on malting behavior. Samples were micromalted, and several malt characteristics were measured. Samples were classified as having a mealier or steelier endosperm on the basis of light transflectance (LTm). Because endosperm structure is greatly dependent on protein content, three barley sample pairs with similar protein contents were chosen for further analysis. During malting, the steelier barley samples produced less root mass, but showed higher respiration losses and higher activities of starch-hydrolyzing enzymes. Malts made from steelier barley had a less friable structure, with more urea-soluble D hordein and more free amino nitrogen and soluble protein. The reason for these differences may lie in the structure or localization of the hordeins as well as the possible effects of endosperm packing on water uptake and movement of enzymes.

Maltose effects on barley malt diastatic power enzyme activity and thermostability at high isothermal mashing temperature: I. ß-amylase

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The hypothesis that maltose would increase the thermostability of barley malt beta-amylase activity during isothermal mashing was tested at 68, 73 and 78°C and compared to isothermal mashing at 63°C. Finely ground malts of the two-row cultivar Harrington and the six-row cultivar Morex were incubated...

7 CFR 810.204 - Grades and grade requirements for Six-rowed Malting barley and Six-rowed Blue Malting barley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...— Damaged kernels 1 (percent) Foreign material (percent) Other grains (percent) Skinned and broken kernels....0 10.0 15.0 1 Injured-by-frost kernels and injured-by-mold kernels are not considered damaged kernels or considered against sound barley. Notes: Malting barley shall not be infested in accordance with...

Prevalence of clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori strains in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma patients.

PubMed

Bilgilier, Ceren; Simonitsch-Klupp, Ingrid; Kiesewetter, Barbara; Raderer, Markus; Dolak, Werner; Makristathis, Athanasios; Steininger, Christoph

2016-06-01

Gastric MALT lymphoma is closely associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Bacterial eradication therapy comprising clarithromycin is the first-line treatment in gastric MALT lymphoma patients. However, antimicrobial resistance to clarithromycin has been increasing in Europe, and thus far, it has not been examined in gastric MALT lymphoma patients. Based upon histopathological investigation, 17 adult gastric MALT lymphoma patients were identified to be related with H. pylori infection between 1997 and 2014. Detection of H. pylori infection in these patients and clarithromycin susceptibility testing were performed by 23S rRNA gene real-time PCR. Twelve of the patients were confirmed with H. pylori infection by real-time PCR. Among these patients, only two were found to be infected with clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori strain. In one of them, both the clarithromycin-resistant and sensitive genotype were detected. The rate of clarithromycin resistance was 15.4 %. Clarithromycin resistance pattern in gastric MALT lymphoma patients is under the predictions since a previous study performed in Central Europe revealed a rate of 36.6 % in Austria. Considering the low antimicrobial resistance rate, clarithromycin is still an option in gastric MALT lymphoma management.

Screening of the aerodynamic and biophysical properties of barley malt

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghodsvali, Alireza; Farzaneh, Vahid; Bakhshabadi, Hamid; Zare, Zahra; Karami, Zahra; Mokhtarian, Mohsen; Carvalho, Isabel. S.

2016-10-01

An understanding of the aerodynamic and biophysical properties of barley malt is necessary for the appropriate design of equipment for the handling, shipping, dehydration, grading, sorting and warehousing of this strategic crop. Malting is a complex biotechnological process that includes steeping; germination and finally, the dehydration of cereal grains under controlled temperature and humidity conditions. In this investigation, the biophysical properties of barley malt were predicted using two models of artificial neural networks as well as response surface methodology. Stepping time and germination time were selected as the independent variables and 1 000 kernel weight, kernel density and terminal velocity were selected as the dependent variables (responses). The obtained outcomes showed that the artificial neural network model, with a logarithmic sigmoid activation function, presents more precise results than the response surface model in the prediction of the aerodynamic and biophysical properties of produced barley malt. This model presented the best result with 8 nodes in the hidden layer and significant correlation coefficient values of 0.783, 0.767 and 0.991 were obtained for responses one thousand kernel weight, kernel density, and terminal velocity, respectively. The outcomes indicated that this novel technique could be successfully applied in quantitative and qualitative monitoring within the malting process.

Chlamydia psittaci is variably associated with ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma in different geographical regions.

PubMed

Chanudet, E; Zhou, Y; Bacon, C M; Wotherspoon, A C; Müller-Hermelink, H-K; Adam, P; Dong, H Y; de Jong, D; Li, Y; Wei, R; Gong, X; Wu, Q; Ranaldi, R; Goteri, G; Pileri, S A; Ye, H; Hamoudi, R A; Liu, H; Radford, J; Du, M-Q

2006-07-01

Infectious agents play a critical role in MALT lymphoma development. Studies from Italy showed Chlamydia psittaci infection in 87% of ocular adnexal MALT lymphomas and complete or partial regression of the lymphoma after C. psittaci eradication in four of nine cases. However, C. psittaci was not demonstrated in ocular adnexal MALT lymphomas from the USA. This study was thus designed to investigate further the role of C. psittaci, and other infectious agents commonly associated with chronic eye disease, in the development of ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma. The presence of C. psittaci, C. trachomatis, C. pneumoniae, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV1, HSV2), and adenovirus 8 and 19 (ADV8, ADV19) was assessed separately by polymerase chain reaction in 142 ocular adnexal MALT lymphomas, 53 non-marginal zone lymphomas, and 51 ocular adnexal biopsies without a lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD), from six geographical regions. C. psittaci was detected at similar low frequencies in non-LPD and non-marginal zone lymphoma groups from different geographical regions (0-14%). Overall, the prevalence of C. psittaci was significantly higher in MALT lymphomas (22%) than in non-LPD (10%, p=0.042) and non-marginal zone lymphoma cases (9%, p=0.033). However, the prevalence of C. psittaci infection in MALT lymphoma showed marked variation among the six geographical regions examined, being most frequent in Germany (47%), followed by the East Coast of the USA (35%) and the Netherlands (29%), but relatively low in Italy (13%), the UK (12%), and Southern China (11%). No significant differences in the detection of C. pneumoniae, C. trachomatis, HSV1, HSV2, ADV8, and ADV19 were found between lymphomas and controls from different geographical regions. In conclusion, our results show that C. psittaci, but not C. pneumoniae, C. trachomatis, HSV1, HSV2, ADV8 or ADV19, is associated with ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma and that this association is variable in different geographical areas. Copyright (c) 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

VizieR Online Data Catalog: ATLASGAL clumps with IRAS flux and MALT90 data (Stephens+, 2016)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stephens, I. W.; Jackson, J. M.; Whitaker, J. S.; Contreras, Y.; Guzman, A. E.; Sanhueza, P.; Foster, J. B.; Rathborne, J. M.

2016-08-01

The Millimetre Astronomy Legacy Team 90GHz (MALT90) survey (Foster+ 2011, J/ApJS/197/25; 2013PASA...30...38F; Jackson+ 2013PASA...30...57J) mapped 16 lines for 3246 clumps, primarily high-mass star-forming clumps that are >200M⊙, as identified from the ATLASGAL 870um survey (Schuller et al. 2009A&A...504..415S). In order to compare luminosities derived from IRAS (LIR) to molecular line luminosities from MALT90 (Lmolecule), we first matched the MALT90 clumps to the IRAS Point Source Catalog v2.1 (PSC; see Cat. II/125). See section 2.1 for further explanations. (1 data file).

Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue with amyloid deposition: a clinicopathologic case series.

PubMed

Ryan, Russell J H; Sloan, J Mark; Collins, A Bernard; Mansouri, Jaleh; Raje, Noopur S; Zukerberg, Lawrence R; Ferry, Judith A

2012-01-01

Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a mature B-cell neoplasm that typically follows an indolent clinical course. Amyloid deposition associated with MALT lymphoma is uncommon. We describe the clinical and pathologic features of 20 cases of MALT lymphoma and associated amyloid deposition across diverse primary sites. Frozen section immunofluorescence performed on 4 cases suggests that these deposits are a localized form of AL amyloid. Clinical follow-up was available for 15 patients. Amyloid deposits distant from the initial site occurred in 5 cases, always at sites also involved by the underlying lymphoma. No definitive evidence of systemic amyloidosis affecting the heart, kidneys, or liver was present in any patient. Given the generally indolent clinical behavior of MALT lymphomas with associated amyloid, we do not recommend extensive follow-up testing for systemic amyloidosis or more aggressive therapy than would be indicated for other MALT lymphomas of similar clinical stage.

Bone marrow involvement is rare in superficial gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.

PubMed

Park, Jae Yong; Kim, Sang Gyun; Kim, Joo Sung; Jung, Hyun Chae

2016-01-01

The initial staging work-up of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma includes bone marrow examination. Since gastric MALT lymphoma is mostly detected in early stages with the national cancer screening programme in Korea, bone marrow is rarely involved. To investigate the incidence of bone marrow involvement in gastric MALT lymphomas and the role of bone marrow examination for an initial staging work-up. Patients diagnosed with gastric MALT lymphoma at Seoul National University Hospital from January 2005 to July 2014 were enrolled. Clinical databases of the patients were retrospectively reviewed. Out of 105 patients, 91 (86.7%) were classified as stage IE1. Among these patients, 78 patients with Helicobacter pylori infection underwent eradication therapy, and complete remission was achieved in 74 cases (94.9%). Twelve out of 13 patients (92.3%) without H. pylori infection underwent radiotherapy or surgery and all achieved complete remission. Bone marrow involvement was proven in only one patient (1.0%). Bone marrow involvement was rare in patients with only superficial gastric MALT lymphoma without extragastric invasion. Further studies are warranted to identify the risk factors of bone marrow involvement in gastric MALT lymphoma. Copyright © 2015 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Helicobacter pylori and Gastric Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) Lymphoma: Updated Review of Clinical Outcomes and the Molecular Pathogenesis.

PubMed

Suzuki, Hidekazu; Saito, Yoshimasa; Hibi, Toshifumi

2009-06-01

In most H. pylori-positive patients, gastric low-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas regress both endoscopically and histopathologically after H. pylori eradication, but no factors that can be predictive of the response to the eradication have been definitively identified, and there is little information on how to determine the optimal observation period before additional treatment can be started. Here, clinical studies dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of gastric MALT lymphomas and H. pylori published during the last 5 years were systematically reviewed, and studies identifying the molecular approaches involved in the pathogenesis were summarized. Most of the clinical studies indicate a favorable effect of H. pylori eradication on the clinical outcome of gastric MALT lymphomas. Some studies suggest the necessity of additional treatment in nonresponders to H. pylori eradication, while others suggest the adoption of a watch-and-wait strategy. The molecular characteristics of MALT lymphomas could play an important role in prognostic prediction and the selection of further therapeutic intervention after the eradication. This updated review of gastric MALT lymphomas illustrates the potential efficacy of H. pylori eradication in tumor remission, but further molecular characterization is necessary to establish the most suitable therapeutic strategy for patients who do not respond to eradication.

The status of the AMS system at MALT in its 20th year

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matsuzaki, Hiroyuki; Nakano, Chuichiro; Tsuchiya, Yoko S.; Ito, Seiji; Morita, Akira; Kusuno, Haruka; Miyake, Yasuto; Honda, Maki; Bautista VII, Angel T.; Kawamoto, Marina; Tokuyama, Hironori

2015-10-01

MALT (Micro Analysis Laboratory, Tandem accelerator, The University of Tokyo) was designed for a 'highly sensitive and precise elemental and isotopic microanalysis system' using an ion-beam generated by a Pelletron™ 5UD tandem accelerator. Currently, a multi-nuclide AMS (10Be, 14C, 26Al, 36Cl, 129I) system is available and shows good performance in both precision and sensitivity, and the accelerator serves for PIXE, NRA, ERDA/RBS measurements as well. The total operation time of the accelerator has been over 95,000 hours since the start of MALT, 20 years ago. After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, many projects related to 129I have been conducted. The retrospective reconstruction of the 131I distribution at the accident from 129I is one of the most important missions for dose evaluation of the residents. The accident-derived 129I is also quite useful as a tracer for the general iodine dynamics in the environment. As a new tool for environmental assessment related to nuclear activity, including the global fallout from past atmospheric nuclear bomb testing, effects from the spent fuel reprocessing plant, and nuclear accidents such as Chernobyl and FDNPP, a 236U-AMS system is now under development.

MALT1 is not alone after all: identification of novel paracaspases.

PubMed

Hulpiau, Paco; Driege, Yasmine; Staal, Jens; Beyaert, Rudi

2016-03-01

Paracaspases and metacaspases are two families of caspase-like proteins identified in 2000. Up until now paracaspases were considered a single gene family with one known non-metazoan paracaspase in the slime mold Dictyostelium and a single animal paracaspase called MALT1. Human MALT1 is a critical signaling component in many innate and adaptive immunity pathways that drive inflammation, and when it is overly active, it can also cause certain forms of cancer. Here, we report the identification and functional analysis of two new vertebrate paracaspases, PCASP2 and PCASP3. Functional characterization indicates that both scaffold and protease functions are conserved across the three vertebrate paralogs. This redundancy might explain the loss of two of the paralogs in mammals and one in Xenopus. Several of the vertebrate paracaspases currently have incorrect or ambiguous annotations. We propose to annotate them accordingly as PCASP1, PCASP2, and PCASP3 similar to the caspase gene nomenclature. A comprehensive search in other metazoans and in non-metazoan species identified additional new paracaspases. We also discovered the first animal metacaspase in the sponge Amphimedon. Comparative analysis of the active site suggests that paracaspases constitute one of the several subclasses of metacaspases that have evolved several times independently.

Sensory evaluation and consumer acceptability of a beverage made from malted and fermented cereal: case of gowe from Benin.

PubMed

Adinsi, Laurent; Akissoé, Noël H; Dalodé-Vieira, Générose; Anihouvi, Victor B; Fliedel, Geneviève; Mestres, Christian; Hounhouigan, Joseph D

2015-01-01

Sensory profile of gowe beverage was established with 10 gowe samples by 22 semitrained panelists. Besides, consumer study was performed on four representative gowe samples with 141 African ordinary consumers using a modified quantitative descriptive analysis. Gowe samples significantly differed (P < 0.05) with respect to all the sensory attributes, except for cereal odor and cereal taste (P > 0.05). The principal component analysis plot revealed the effects of raw material and process: Sorghum gowe was differently scored from maize gowe samples (P < 0.05). Gowe types from saccharification step (SSaF, SSaSF) evidenced higher scores with respect to fermented odor (41.7) and acidic taste (47.9), while those without saccharification had lower scores of fermented odor and acidic taste, with values of 18.4 and 16.9, respectively. No significant difference was evidenced with respect to the addition of "non malted flour" before or after saccharification. Regarding consumer testing, three distinct patterns of consumer acceptability were observed, which were grouped as "Sugary gowe likers" (63.1% of consumers) followed by "Sugary and saccharified sorghum gowe likers" (20.6%) and "Pure maize gowe dislikers" (16.3%). Irrespective of the consumers cluster, saccharified malted sorghum gowe without sugar was the unique sample scored more than 6 over 9.

Type of alcohol drink and exposure to violence: an emergency department study.

PubMed

Chavira, Cynthia; Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad; Lin, Johnny; del Pino, Homero E; Bazargan, Mohsen

2011-08-01

We compared the prevalence of exposure to violence across different types of alcohol consumed and the association between the type of alcohol consumed and exposure to violence. A cross-sectional analysis of data collected from a sample of 295 Emergency Department (ED) patients identified as having an alcohol problem. Outcome measure include exposure to violence, and the main study predictor was "type of alcoholic drink" including: malt liquor beer (MLB), regular beer, wine cooler, wine, fortified wine or hard liquor. Using logistic regression analysis, ED patients who drank MLB in combination with other types of alcohol increased their odds of being both threatened and physically attacked by 8.5 compared to ED patients who drank other types of alcohol. Being female increased the odds of being both threatened and physically attacked by 2.5 and using illicit drugs increased the odds by 3.8. Analysis of covariance and estimated marginal means revealed that ED patients who only drank MLB had a higher exposure to violence compared to non-MLB drinkers, and that female illicit drug users who drank MLB in combination with other types of alcohol had the highest exposure to violence. MLB was identified as a predictor of the amount of exposure to violence and in particular, that the use of malt liquor beer in combination with other types of alcohol increased the risk of being both threatened and physically attacked. Implications for ED and community interventions are suggested.

Alcohol availability and neighborhood characteristics in Los Angeles, California and southern Louisiana.

PubMed

Bluthenthal, Ricky N; Cohen, Deborah A; Farley, Thomas A; Scribner, Richard; Beighley, Christopher; Schonlau, Matthias; Robinson, Paul L

2008-03-01

The objective of this study was to examine the associations between alcohol availability types and community characteristics in randomly selected census tracts in Southern California and Southeastern Louisiana. Outlet shelf space and price by beverage type was collected from all off-sale alcohol outlets in 189 census tracts by trained research personnel. Three aspects of alcohol availability at the census tract level were considered--outlets per roadway mile, shelf space, and least price by beverage type. Using multivariate analyses, we examined the associations between census tract socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and alcohol availability types. Fifteen measures of alcohol availability were calculated-total shelf space and shelf space by beverage types (beer, malt liquor, and distilled spirits); outlets per roadway mile, per tract, and per capita; and least price by beverage type (including wine). In multivariate analyses controlling for state, male unemployment rate was inversely associated with total shelf space (p = 0.03) and distilled spirit shelf space (p = 0.05). Malt liquor shelf space was inversely associated with percent White (p = 0.02). Outlets per roadway mile was positively associated with household poverty (p < 0.0001), whereas percent African American was inversely associated with outlets per roadway mile (p = 0.03). Beverage-specific least prices were not associated with any socioeconomic or demographic community characteristics. Alcohol availability types, but not least price, were associated with some community characteristics. More research exploring how alcohol availability types vary by community and their relationship to alcohol-related harms should be conducted.

VizieR Online Data Catalog: MALT-45, a 7mm survey of the southern Galaxy (Jordan+, 2015)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jordan, C. H.; Walsh, A. J.; Lowe, V.; Voronkov, M. A.; Ellingsen, S. P.; Breen, S. L.; Purcell, C. R.; Barnes, P. J.; Burton, M. G.; Cunningham, M. R.; Hill, T.; Jackson, J. M.; Longmore, S. N.; Peretto, N.; Urquhart, J. S.

2018-03-01

MALT-45 is an untargeted Galactic plane survey for spectral lines which are commonly bright in star-forming regions at 45GHz (7mm waveband). We have so far observed 5 square degrees within the region bounded by 330°<=l<=335°, b=+/-0.5°. MALT-45 observations were conducted on the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA), which provides 2x2048MHz broad-band continuum windows for observing. Section 1.1 discusses the primary lines surveyed, and their rest frequencies dictate the positions of the broad-band windows for MALT-45. Within the frequency ranges of the broad-band windows, we survey for 12 spectral lines. (2 data files).

[MALT lymphoma of the parotid salivary gland].

PubMed

Krasić, Dragan; Radović, Predrag; Burić, Nikola; Cosić, Andrija; Katić, Vuka

2007-01-01

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma was described for the first time in 1983 by Isaacson and Wright. It was classified into extranodal non-Hodkin's lymphomas of B-cell lymphocytes of the marginal zone of reactive lymphe follicles. It is characterized by both hyperplasia and colonization of plasmocytic, centrocytoid and monocytoid cells, by the infiltration of interfollicular and parafollicular parts of interstitium, as well as by the invasion of clusters of neoplastic lymphoid cells of the glandular epithelium, forming the pathognomic lymphoepithelial MALT limphoma lesions. In this paper we presented the two female patients, 59 and 75 years of age, with MALT lymphomas, associated with Miculicz's and Sjögren's syndromes. The paper also underlined rather many-month-long, indolent clinical course, evalution of both tumors, massive in size, as well as two-sided localization in the case of the Miculicz's syndrome. After the subtotal parotidectomy, using conservation of nerve facialis, the tissue blocks were fixed in 10% formaldehyde. The paraffine sections were stained by routine histochemical and an immunohistochemical method by using monoclonal antibodies for both B-cell and T-cell lymphomas, due to the verification of lymphoepithelial lesions. The MALT lymphoma diagnosis was based on the histological criteria and confirmed by an immunohistochemical method. After the surgical therapy accompanied by chemotherapy, the patients were controlled at regular intervals, and residual MALT lymphoma did not appear. MALT lymphoma is a rare tumor of the salivary glands, with the most frequent localization in the parotide gland. It had a slow clinical course, without metastases in both patients. The diagnosis was made pathohistologically and confirmed immunohistochemically. The surgical therapy was accompained by adjuvant chemotherapy.

Significance of Cholinergic and Peptidergic Nerves in Stress-Induced Ulcer and MALT Lymphoma Formation.

PubMed

Nakamura, Masahiko; Overby, Anders; Uehara, Akina; Oda, Masaya; Takahashi, Shinichi; Murayama, Somay Y; Matsui, Hidenori

2017-10-30

Backgound: The role of enteric nerves has previously been demonstrated in the formation of several gastric diseases. In the present review, the significance of the cholinergic nerves in stress-induced ulcer formation as well as the importance of substance P in the formation of gastric MALT lymphoma is discussed. The stress-induced ulcer was induced by the plaster bandage methods in rats. The gastric MALT lymphoma was formed by the peroral infection of gastric mucosal homogenate of the infected mouse in C57BL/6 mice. For the stress-induced ulcer, the distribution of the cholinergic nerves and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors was investigated by acetylcholinesterase histochemistry and autoradiography of water soluble compounds using 3H-quinuclidinyl benzilate was performed. To the MALT lymphoma study, the distribution of the substance P and effect of substance P antagonist, spantide II, was investigated by immunohistochemical studies. The stress induced ulcer formation was shown to be related to the hyperactivity of the cholinergic nerves. The gastric MALT lymphoma was shown to be related to the increased localization of substance P. Stress-induced ulceration as a model of hyperactivity of the cholinergic nerves was proved to be a useful approach, while substance P and its role in MALT lymphoma formation may serve as a tool to clarify the neuroimmune modulation of chronic infectious diseases. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.

27 CFR 7.21 - Misbranding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... THE TREASURY LIQUORS LABELING AND ADVERTISING OF MALT BEVERAGES Labeling Requirements for Malt... other covering of the container used for sale at retail, or any written, printed, graphic, or other...

Near-infrared Spectroscopy in the Brewing Industry.

PubMed

Sileoni, Valeria; Marconi, Ombretta; Perretti, Giuseppe

2015-01-01

This article offers an exhaustive description of the use of Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy in the brewing industry. This technique is widely used for quality control testing of raw materials, intermediates, and finished products, as well as process monitoring during malting and brewing. In particular, most of the reviewed works focus on the assessment of barley properties, aimed at quickly selecting the best barley varieties in order to produce a high-quality malt leading to high-quality beer. Various works concerning the use of NIR in the evaluation of raw materials, such as barley, malt, hop, and yeast, are also summarized here. The implementation of NIR sensors for the control of malting and brewing processes is also highlighted, as well as the use of NIR for quality assessment of the final product.

What Can I Eat?

MedlinePlus

... liquors/hard ciders are also gluten-free. However , beers, ales, lagers, malt beverages and malt vinegars that ... free . There are several brands of gluten-free beers available in the United States and abroad. Medicines, ...

Diabetes and Celiac Disease

MedlinePlus

... the ingestion of gluten (a protein found in wheat, rye and barley) in susceptible individuals. This response ... Malt and Malt Extract Rye Semolina Spelt Triticale Wheat Wheat Germ Wheat Starch Gluten Intolerance Group (GIG) ...

Biopolymers production with carbon source from the wastes of a beer brewery industry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wong, Phoeby Ai Ling

The main purpose of this study was to assess the potential and feasibility of malt wastes, and other food wastes, such as soy wastes, ice-cream wastes, confectionery wastes, vinegar wastes, milk waste and sesame oil, in the induction of biosynthesis of PHA, in the cellular assembly of novel PHA with improved physical and chemical properties, and in the reduction of the cost of PHA production. In the first part of the experiments, a specific culture of Alcaligenes latus DSM 1124 was selected to ferment several types of food wastes as carbon sources into biopolymers. In addition, the biopolymer production, by way of using malt waste, of microorganisms from municipal activated sludge was also investigated. In the second part, the experiments focused on the synthesis of biopolymer with a higher molecular mass via the bacterial strain, which was selected and isolated from sesame oil, identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis . Molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of PHB were studied by GPC. Molecular weight of PHB produced from various types of food wastes by Alcaligenes latus was higher than using synthetic sucrose medium as nutrient, however, it resulted in the reverse by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Thermal properties of biopolymers were studied by DSC and TG. Using malt wastes as nutrients by Alcaligenes latus gave a higher melting temperature. Using sucrose, confectionery and sesame oil as nutrients by Staphylococcus epidermidis gave higher melting temperature. Optimization was carried out for the recovery of microbial PHB from Alcaligenes latus. Results showed that molecular weight can be controlled by changing the hypochlorite concentration, the ratio of chloroform to hypochlorite solution and the extraction time. In addition, the determination of PHB content by thermogravimetric analysis method with wet cell was the first report in our study. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

27 CFR 7.20 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... TREASURY LIQUORS LABELING AND ADVERTISING OF MALT BEVERAGES Labeling Requirements for Malt Beverages § 7.20... permission to relabel shall be accompanied by two complete sets of the old labels and two complete sets of...

5. American elevator looking east barely visible behind American malt ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. American elevator looking east barely visible behind American malt house with Russell-Miller flour mill to right (now Eonacara and idle). - American Elevator, 87 Childs Street, Buffalo, Erie County, NY

Genetic errors of the human CARD-BCL10-MALT1 (CBM) complex: molecular, immunological, and clinical heterogeneity

PubMed Central

de Diego, Rebeca Pérez; Sánchez-Ramón, Silvia; López-Collazo, Eduardo; Martínez-Barricarte, Rubén; Cubillos-Zapata, Carolina; Cerdán, Antonio Ferreira; Casanova, Jean-Laurent; Puel, Anne

2016-01-01

Three members of the caspase recruitment domain (CARD) family of adaptors (CARD9, CARD10, and CARD11) are known to form heterotrimers with B-cell lymphoma 10 (BCL10) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma-translocation gene 1 (MALT1). These three CARD-BCL10-MALT1 (CBM) complexes activate NF-κB in both the innate and adaptive arms of immunity. Human inherited defects of the three components of the CBM complex, including the two adaptors CARD9 and CARD11 and the two core components BCL10 and MALT1, have recently been reported. Bi-allelic loss-of-function (LOF) mutant alleles underlie several different immunological and clinical phenotypes, which can be assigned to two distinct categories. Isolated invasive fungal infections, of unclear cellular basis, are associated with CARD9 deficiency, whereas a broad range of clinical manifestations, including those characteristic of T- and B-lymphocyte defects, are associated with CARD11, MALT1 and BCL10 deficiencies. Interestingly, humans with these mutations have some features in common with the corresponding knockout mice, but other features are different between humans and mice. Moreover, germline and somatic gain-of-function (GOF) mutations of MALT1, BCL10 and CARD11 have also been found in other patients with lymphoproliferative disorders. This broad range of germline and somatic CBM lesions, including LOF and GOF mutations, highlights the contribution of each of the components of the CBM to human immunity. PMID:26277595

High levels of FOXP3⁺ regulatory T cells in gastric MALT lymphoma predict responsiveness to Helicobacter pylori eradication.

PubMed

Iwaya, Yugo; Kobayashi, Motohiro; Momose, Masanobu; Hiraoka, Nobuyoshi; Sakai, Yasuhiro; Akamatsu, Taiji; Tanaka, Eiji; Ohtani, Haruo; Fukuda, Minoru; Nakayama, Jun

2013-10-01

Although Helicobacter pylori eradication is a first-line treatment of gastric MALT lymphoma, roughly 25% of patients do not respond to treatment. CD4⁺ FOXP3⁺ regulatory T (Treg) cells regulate immune responses in physiological conditions and various inflammatory conditions, including H. pylori-associated diseases. Our goal was to determine how Treg cells affect responsiveness to H. pylori eradication therapy. We performed dual immunohistochemistry for CD4 and FOXP3 to evaluate the prevalence of FOXP3⁺ Treg cells in the stomach of 63 patients with MALT lymphoma and 55 patients with chronic active gastritis. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was carried out to determine the best cut-off point in differentiating H. pylori eradication responders from nonresponders. Both the FOXP3⁺/CD4⁺ cell ratio and the absolute number of FOXP3⁺ cells per high-power field in MALT lymphoma were significantly greater in H. pylori eradication responders compared with nonresponders, suggesting that Treg cells function in regression mechanisms of MALT lymphomas. Cut-off points with good sensitivities and specificities were obtained to predict eradication outcome. A high number of Treg cells or a high ratio of Treg cells to the total number of CD4⁺ T cells in gastric MALT lymphoma could predict responsiveness to eradication therapy. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

New particle formation in rural areas - what is behind the story?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boy, M.; Sihto, S. L.-; Lauros, J.; Bonn, B.; Guenther, A.

2009-04-01

New particle formation in rural areas - what's behind it? M. Boy(1), S.-L. Sihto(1), J. Lauros(1), B. Bonn(2) and A. Guenther(3) (1) Department of Physical Sciences, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. (2) Institute of Atmospherical and Environmental Sciences, J. W. Goethe University, Altenhöferallee 1, D-60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany (3) ACD, NCAR, P.O. Box 3000, 80305 Boulder, Colorado, USA. New particle formation has been observed at almost all sites, where both particle number concentrations and size distributions have been measured. Although many field campaigns, laboratory experiments and new modelling approaches have led to increased understanding, detailed mechanisms responsible for the formation of new particles in the troposphere have still not been completely elucidated. In MALTE (Model to predict new Aerosol formation in the Lower Troposphere) individually developed codes from different institutes around the globe merged into a one-dimensional model including aerosol dynamics, boundary layer meteorology, biology and chemistry in order to investigate the formation and growth processes of Secondary Organic Aerosols (SOA) under realistic atmospheric conditions. Our knowledge concerning the formation of very small particles or clusters is still limited. The question of which molecules are involved in the atmospheric nucleation processes remains controversial within the aerosol community. MALTE takes several hypothetical nucleation theories into account for the formation of secondary aerosols. To test the different hypothesis concerning atmospheric nucleation we used data from several field stations in Europe, USA, Africa and Australia. Furthermore, we investigated the role of certain organic vapours in the particle formation processes during intensive laboratory chamber experiments at NCAR - National Centre for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, USA. Initial model simulations performed with the activation or kinetic nucleation mechanism predict nucleation rates that are strongly correlated with observed nucleation rates at background areas like boreal forest in Finland or somewhat more polluted areas east of Leipzig, Germany. In addition, many chamber experiments raise the possibility that organic vapours may form new particles by organic nucleation. Regarding the possibility that organic vapours can nucleate, as apparently observed in several chamber experiments, we estimated with MALTE that even with low SO2 concentrations, sufficient sulphuric acid is generated to explain observed particle number concentrations via the activation or kinetic nucleation mechanism alone. To investigate the possibility for nucleation of organic vapours we included in MALTE a parameterization developed by Bonn et al. (2008). Calculated nucleation rates with the organic nucleation code for data achieved during a field campaign in USA and the chamber experiments at NCAR showed high agreement with the measurements. It is currently not possible to draw a final conclusion if nucleation of organic vapours in the real atmosphere is present and if yes how important it is compared to other nucleation mechanisms.

Alcohol Availability and Neighborhood Characteristics in Los Angeles, California and Southern Louisiana

PubMed Central

Cohen, Deborah A.; Farley, Thomas A.; Scribner, Richard; Beighley, Christopher; Schonlau, Matthias; Robinson, Paul L.

2008-01-01

The objective of this study was to examine the associations between alcohol availability types and community characteristics in randomly selected census tracts in Southern California and Southeastern Louisiana. Outlet shelf space and price by beverage type was collected from all off-sale alcohol outlets in 189 census tracts by trained research personnel. Three aspects of alcohol availability at the census tract level were considered—outlets per roadway mile, shelf space, and least price by beverage type. Using multivariate analyses, we examined the associations between census tract socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and alcohol availability types. Fifteen measures of alcohol availability were calculated—total shelf space and shelf space by beverage types (beer, malt liquor, and distilled spirits); outlets per roadway mile, per tract, and per capita; and least price by beverage type (including wine). In multivariate analyses controlling for state, male unemployment rate was inversely associated with total shelf space (p = 0.03) and distilled spirit shelf space (p = 0.05). Malt liquor shelf space was inversely associated with percent White (p = 0.02). Outlets per roadway mile was positively associated with household poverty (p < 0.0001), whereas percent African American was inversely associated with outlets per roadway mile (p = 0.03). Beverage-specific least prices were not associated with any socioeconomic or demographic community characteristics. Alcohol availability types, but not least price, were associated with some community characteristics. More research exploring how alcohol availability types vary by community and their relationship to alcohol-related harms should be conducted. PMID:18228148

Sensory evaluation and consumer acceptability of a beverage made from malted and fermented cereal: case of gowe from Benin

PubMed Central

Adinsi, Laurent; Akissoé, Noël H; Dalodé-Vieira, Générose; Anihouvi, Victor B; Fliedel, Geneviève; Mestres, Christian; Hounhouigan, Joseph D

2015-01-01

Sensory profile of gowe beverage was established with 10 gowe samples by 22 semitrained panelists. Besides, consumer study was performed on four representative gowe samples with 141 African ordinary consumers using a modified quantitative descriptive analysis. Gowe samples significantly differed (P < 0.05) with respect to all the sensory attributes, except for cereal odor and cereal taste (P > 0.05). The principal component analysis plot revealed the effects of raw material and process: Sorghum gowe was differently scored from maize gowe samples (P < 0.05). Gowe types from saccharification step (SSaF, SSaSF) evidenced higher scores with respect to fermented odor (41.7) and acidic taste (47.9), while those without saccharification had lower scores of fermented odor and acidic taste, with values of 18.4 and 16.9, respectively. No significant difference was evidenced with respect to the addition of “non malted flour” before or after saccharification. Regarding consumer testing, three distinct patterns of consumer acceptability were observed, which were grouped as “Sugary gowe likers” (63.1% of consumers) followed by “Sugary and saccharified sorghum gowe likers” (20.6%) and “Pure maize gowe dislikers” (16.3%). Irrespective of the consumers cluster, saccharified malted sorghum gowe without sugar was the unique sample scored more than 6 over 9. PMID:25649142

Deregulation of a distinct set of microRNAs is associated with transformation of gastritis into MALT lymphoma.

PubMed

Thorns, Christoph; Kuba, Johannes; Bernard, Veronica; Senft, Andrea; Szymczak, Silke; Feller, Alfred C; Bernd, Heinz-Wolfram

2012-04-01

The mechanisms underlying the transformation from chronic Helicobacter pylori gastritis to gastric extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (MALT lymphoma) are poorly understood. This study aims to identify microRNAs that might be involved in the process of neoplastic transformation. We generated microRNA signatures by RT-PCR in 68 gastric biopsy samples representing normal mucosa, gastritis, suspicious lymphoid infiltrates, and overt MALT lymphoma according to Wotherspoon criteria. Analyses revealed a total of 41 microRNAs that were significantly upregulated (n = 33) or downregulated (n = 8) in succession from normal mucosa to gastritis and to MALT lymphoma. While some of these merely reflect the presence of lymphocytes (e.g. miR-566 and miR-212) or H. pylori infection (e.g. miR-155 and let7f), a distinct set of five microRNAs (miR-150, miR-550, miR-124a, miR-518b and miR-539) was shown to be differentially expressed in gastritis as opposed to MALT lymphoma. This differential expression might therefore indicate a central role of these microRNAs in the process of malignant transformation.

Ronald Malt or Chen Zhongwei: Who performed the first surgical replantation?

PubMed

Fan, Ka-Wai

2018-01-01

This article discusses the contributions of the two pioneers of the surgical procedure of replantation-Ronald Malt in the US and Chen Zhongwei in China. Ronald Malt performed the reattachment surgery on a boy who had an accident in 1962, but he published his case report two years later in 1964. Chen Zhongwei performed a similar surgery on a worker who cut off his forearm in 1963, but he published his case report the same year. There is some debate about which one of these reputed surgeons should be given credit for being the first one to perform this breakthrough surgery, because although Malt was the first to perform the procedure, Zhongwei was the first to report it. To shed light on this controversy, criteria for scientific priority suggested by Ronald Vale and Anthony Hyman were applied. Although the criteria mainly favored Zhongwei as the pioneer of this procedure, he did not entirely fulfill one of the criteria. Therefore, the article could not present a definitive answer to the question, and it concludes by pointing out the highly commendable achievements and contributions of both Ronald Malt and Chen Zhongwei.

Suitability of unmalted quinoa for beer production.

PubMed

Kordialik-Bogacka, Edyta; Bogdan, Paulina; Pielech-Przybylska, Katarzyna; Michałowska, Dorota

2018-03-30

This study provides the first detailed investigation into the effect of partially substituting barley malt with quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) on the characteristics of wort and beer. Quinoa seeds and flakes were compared in terms of their suitability for brewing. The benefits of applying a commercial enzyme mixture during beer production with quinoa were also investigated. These findings show that quinoa is a good starchy raw material for brewing. Even without exogenous enzymes, it is possible to substitute barley malt with up to 30% quinoa. The form in which quinoa is used has a negligible influence on the quality of the wort and beer. The foam stability of beer made with quinoa was better than that of all-malt beer, despite there being a lower level of soluble nitrogen in quinoa beer in comparison with all-malt beer and more than twice the amount of fat in quinoa in comparison to barley malt. The addition of unmalted quinoa does not give unpleasant characteristics to the beer and was even found to have a positive effect on its overall sensory quality. This offers brewers an opportunity to develop good beers with new sensory characteristics. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

7 CFR 457.118 - Malting barley price and quality endorsement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... a qualified person using standardized equipment that is widely used in the malting industry that... seed under the terms of the seed contract. 6. In lieu of the definitions and provisions regarding units...

Co-occurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in a patient with long-standing hashimoto thyroiditis.

PubMed

Nam, Yoon Jeong; Kim, Bo Hyun; Lee, Seong Keun; Jeon, Yun Kyung; Kim, Sang Soo; Jung, Woo Jin; Kahng, Dong Hwahn; Kim, In Ju

2013-12-01

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is a common affliction of the thyroid gland, accounting for 70% to 80% of all thyroid cancers, whereas mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the thyroid gland is uncommon. The simultaneous occurrence of both malignancies is extremely rare. We report the case of a patient with both PTC and MALT lymphoma in the setting of Hashimoto thyroiditis. An 81-year-old female patient was first admitted with goiter and hoarseness, which was attributed to an ultrasonographic thyroid nodule. Subsequent fine-needle aspirate, interpreted as suspicious of papillary thyroid cancer, prompted total thyroidectomy. MALT lymphoma was an incidental postsurgical finding, coexisting with PTC in the setting of Hashimoto thyroiditis. Although the development of MALT lymphoma is very rare, patients with longstanding Hashimoto thyroiditis should undergo careful surveillance for both malignancies.

Co-Occurrence of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma in a Patient with Long-Standing Hashimoto Thyroiditis

PubMed Central

Nam, Yoon Jeong; Lee, Seong Keun; Jeon, Yun Kyung; Kim, Sang Soo; Jung, Woo Jin; Kahng, Dong Hwahn; Kim, In Ju

2013-01-01

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is a common affliction of the thyroid gland, accounting for 70% to 80% of all thyroid cancers, whereas mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the thyroid gland is uncommon. The simultaneous occurrence of both malignancies is extremely rare. We report the case of a patient with both PTC and MALT lymphoma in the setting of Hashimoto thyroiditis. An 81-year-old female patient was first admitted with goiter and hoarseness, which was attributed to an ultrasonographic thyroid nodule. Subsequent fine-needle aspirate, interpreted as suspicious of papillary thyroid cancer, prompted total thyroidectomy. MALT lymphoma was an incidental postsurgical finding, coexisting with PTC in the setting of Hashimoto thyroiditis. Although the development of MALT lymphoma is very rare, patients with longstanding Hashimoto thyroiditis should undergo careful surveillance for both malignancies. PMID:24396701

Near-infrared reflectance models for the rapid prediction of quality of brewing raw materials.

PubMed

Marte, Luisa; Belloni, Paolo; Genorini, Emiliano; Sileoni, Valeria; Perretti, Giuseppe; Montanari, Luigi; Marconi, Ombretta

2009-01-28

Calibration models for quickly and reliably predicting moisture content and total nitrogen, both "as is" and "dry matter" on malt, as well as moisture content and total lipids, both "as is" and "dry matter", on maize by means of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy were developed. The FT-NIR spectra recorded on the finely ground cereals were correlated to the analytical data by means of the multivariate PLS algorithm. In particular, these models were developed on the raw materials, which are used by the main Italian brewing industries. Validation was carried out both by means of cross-validation and test set validation. Regression coefficients (R(2)) were higher than 97 for both malt and maize moisture content and higher than 85 and 88 for malt total nitrogen and maize total lipids, respectively. The RMSE values (both RMSECV and RMSEP) were lower than 0.1% m/m for both malt and maize moisture contents, whereas they ranged from 0.024 to 0.042% m/m for malt total nitrogen and from 0.042 to 0.055% m/m for maize total lipids. Repeatability was tested by taking into account more than one sample for each calibration and compared, when possible, to those of the standard methods. Repeatability (r(95)) ranged from 0.060 to 0.158% m/m and from 0.020 to 0.055% m/m for malt moisture and total nitrogen contents, respectively, and from 0.094 to 0.160% m/m and from 0.076 to 0.208% m/m for maize moisture and total lipids contents, respectively.

A Determination of Eligibility to the National Register of Historic Places for Select Historic Properties Along the Souris River in North Dakota

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-08-01

Company Historic District," 1985. "Historic Resources of Hardin, Montana," :984. "Silver Bow Brewery Malt House," 1982. "Silver Bow County Poor Farm...34i QQL-- Q ..i FEATURE TYPE CULTURAL MATERIAL ’iii Site Type -0,- Cm Scatter , , Bone 0 Chimney %.Z Ceramics tA Context .Q, Depression 1 Charcoal i...Sec , QQQ i, QQ . Q, ,LTL, L- Twp R ,.. , Sec ,., QQO 1- QQ’ L- Q’ ’ FEATURE TYPE CULTURAL MATERIAL &. Site Type m, Cm Scatter ,.Z, Bone Chimney

Correlates of in-store promotions for beer: differential effects of market and product characteristics.

PubMed

Bray, Jeremy W; Loomis, Brett; Engelen, Mark

2007-03-01

We estimated the strength and direction of the association between product characteristics (beer type, package size, and brand name) and market-area socioeconomic characteristics, and promoted sales of beer in grocery stores. Supermarket scanner data from 64 market areas across the United States over 5 years were used to estimate regression models of the share of beer sales that are promoted, controlling for beer price, packaging, and type; and for market-level age, race/ethnicity, income, unemployment rate, and percentage of the population living in an alcohol control state. Large-volume units, such as 144-oz and 288-oz packages, are more likely to be promoted than smaller package sizes. Malt-liquor beverages are less likely to be promoted than non-malt-liquor beverages. Age, race/ethnicity, income, and geographic location of the market area are not significantly related to promoted beer sales. Marketing research has shown that in-store merchandising and promotions can substantially increase beer sales and that purchasing large package sizes may increase total consumption. Our results suggest that high levels of promoted sales for large-volume beer packages may result in increased beer consumption.

Gastric mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.

PubMed

Fischbach, Wolfgang

2013-06-01

Gastric marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is the predominant entity within the primary gastrointestinal lymphomas. Helicobacter pylori represents the decisive pathogenetic factor for gastric MALT lymphoma. The goal of treating gastric MALT lymphoma should be complete cure. The first choice of treatment is H pylori eradication. Patients with histologically persistent residual lymphoma after successful H pylori eradication and normalization of endoscopic findings should be managed by a watch-and-wait strategy. Patients who do not respond to H pylori eradication should be referred for radiation or chemotherapy. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Helicobacter pylori eradication in gastric diffuse large B cell lymphoma.

PubMed

Paydas, Semra

2015-04-07

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the stomach is a heterogenous disease. There are tumors without histological evidence of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, which are classified as pure or de novo DLBCL and those with evidence of MALT, which are classified as DLBCL (MALT). The association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and gastric MALT lymphoma and remission with H. pylori eradication was shown in the 1990s. In recent years, scientists from Taiwan and others have shown that high-grade gastric lymphomas may be dependent on H. pylori and eradication of this microorganism is effective in these cases. This entity is biologically distinct from H. pylori (-) cases and has a better clinical outcome. There are sufficient data about the complete remission in some of these cases with brief treatment with antibiotics. With this strategy, it is possible to save some of these cases from the harmful effects of standard chemotherapy. It is time to treat these cases with H. pylori eradication. However, strict histopathological follow-up is crucial and histopathological response must be evaluated according to the scoring system proposed by Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte. If there is no sufficient response, chemotherapy must be given immediately. These results suggest that H. pylori dependency and high-grade transformation in gastric MALT lymphomas are distinct events.

Genome-Wide Association Mapping for Kernel and Malting Quality Traits Using Historical European Barley Records

PubMed Central

Röder, Marion S.; van Eeuwijk, Fred

2014-01-01

Malting quality is an important trait in breeding barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). It requires elaborate, expensive phenotyping, which involves micro-malting experiments. Although there is abundant historical information available for different cultivars in different years and trials, that historical information is not often used in genetic analyses. This study aimed to exploit historical records to assist in identifying genomic regions that affect malting and kernel quality traits in barley. This genome-wide association study utilized information on grain yield and 18 quality traits accumulated over 25 years on 174 European spring and winter barley cultivars combined with diversity array technology markers. Marker-trait associations were tested with a mixed linear model. This model took into account the genetic relatedness between cultivars based on principal components scores obtained from marker information. We detected 140 marker-trait associations. Some of these associations confirmed previously known quantitative trait loci for malting quality (on chromosomes 1H, 2H, and 5H). Other associations were reported for the first time in this study. The genetic correlations between traits are discussed in relation to the chromosomal regions associated with the different traits. This approach is expected to be particularly useful when designing strategies for multiple trait improvements. PMID:25372869

27 CFR 7.60 - Exports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Exports. 7.60 Section 7.60... TREASURY LIQUORS LABELING AND ADVERTISING OF MALT BEVERAGES General Provisions § 7.60 Exports. This part shall not apply to malt beverages exported in bond. ...

Proteomics, peptidomics, and immunogenic potential of wheat beer (Weissbier).

PubMed

Picariello, Gianluca; Mamone, Gianfranco; Cutignano, Adele; Fontana, Angelo; Zurlo, Lucia; Addeo, Francesco; Ferranti, Pasquale

2015-04-08

Wheat beer is a traditional light-colored top-fermenting beer brewed with at least 50% malted (e.g., German Weissbier) or unmalted (e.g., Belgian Witbier) wheat (Triticum aestivum) as an adjunct to barley (Hordeum vulgare) malt. For the first time, we explored the proteome of three Weissbier samples, using both 2D electrophoresis (2DE)-based and 2DE-free strategies. Overall, 58 different gene products arising from barley, wheat, and yeast (Saccharomyces spp.) were identified in the protein fraction of a representative Weissbier sample analyzed in detail. Analogous to all-barley-malt beers (BMB), barley and wheat Z-type serpins and nonspecific lipid transfer proteins dominated the proteome of Weissbier. Several α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors also survived the harsh brewing conditions. During brewing, hundreds of peptides are released into beer. By liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI MS/MS) analysis, we characterized 167 peptides belonging to 44 proteins, including gliadins, hordeins, and high- and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits. Because of the interference from the overabundant yeast-derived peptides, we identified only a limited number of epitopes potentially triggering celiac disease. However, Weissbier samples contained 374, 372, and 382 ppm gliadin-equivalent peptides, as determined with the competitive G12 ELISA, which is roughly 10-fold higher than a lager BMB (41 ppm), thereby confirming that Weissbier is unsuited for celiacs. Western blot analysis demonstrated that Weissbier also contained large-sized prolamins immunoresponsive to antigliadin IgA antibodies from the pooled sera of celiac patients (n = 4).

27 CFR 7.1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false General. 7.1 Section 7.1... TREASURY LIQUORS LABELING AND ADVERTISING OF MALT BEVERAGES Scope § 7.1 General. The regulations in this part relate to the labeling and advertising of malt beverages. ...

27 CFR 7.10 - Meaning of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS LABELING AND ADVERTISING OF MALT BEVERAGES Definitions § 7.10 Meaning of... Administrator's Authorities in 27 CFR Part 7, Labeling and Advertising of Malt Beverages. Brand label. The label..., joint-stock company, business trust, association, corporation, or other form of business enterprise...

A phase II study of bortezomib in patients with MALT lymphoma

PubMed Central

Troch, Marlene; Jonak, Constanze; Müllauer, Leonhard; Püspök, Andreas; Formanek, Michael; Hauff, Wolfgang; Zielinski, Christoph C.; Chott, Andreas; Raderer, Markus

2009-01-01

We have performed a phase II study to evaluate bortezomib in patients with MALT-lymphoma. Sixteen patients entered the trial, 4 had gastric MALT-lymphoma, 7 of the ocular adnexa, one of the colon, and 2 of the parotid, and one patient each the lung and the breast. Bortezomib was given at 1.5 mg/m2 days 1, 4, 8 and 11; repeated every 21 days. The overall response rate was 80% (13/16); 7 patients achieved complete remission (43%), 6 partial response (37%) and 3 stable disease. After a median follow-up of 23 months (range; 8–26), all patients are alive and 4 have relapsed. Fifteen patients required dose reductions due to either neuropathy (7 patients) or diarrhea (8 patients). Bortezomib appears to be active in patients with MALT-lymphoma. However, an unexpectedly high rate of toxicities was seen, warranting assessment of combination schedules with bortezomib at a lower dose than given in our study (ClinicalTrials.govIdentifier: NCT 00373906). PMID:19336742

From malt to wheat beer: A comprehensive multi-toxin screening, transfer assessment and its influence on basic fermentation parameters.

PubMed

Mastanjević, Kristina; Šarkanj, Bojan; Krska, Rudolf; Sulyok, Michael; Warth, Benedikt; Mastanjević, Krešimir; Šantek, Božidar; Krstanović, Vinko

2018-07-15

The aim was to determine the mycotoxin transfer rate into beer during a semi-industrial production process and the effect of fungicide treatment in the field on mycotoxins concentrations in beer. To ensure the usual practical agronomical conditions, sample A was treated with fungicide Prosaro® 250, and sample B was infected with Fusarium culmorum spores, in order to obtain infected malt. Malt was produced using standard procedure and beer was produced in a semi-industrial unit. During fermentation measurement of sugars (maltotriose and maltose), glycerol and ethanol content was performed on a daily basis. Multiple toxins were determined in malt and beer. Deoxynivalenol (DON), its modified plant metabolite DON-3-glucoside (DON-glucoside), brevianamide F, tryptophol, linamarin, lotaustralin, culmorin (CUL), 15-hydroxy-CUL and 5-hydroyx-CUL were detected in all samples. Results indicate that F. culmorum infection did not influence the fermentation process or the alcohol concentration. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Optimization of the malting process for nutritional improvement of finger millet and amaranth flours in the infant weaning food industry.

PubMed

Najdi Hejazi, Sara; Orsat, Valérie

2017-06-01

Malting is a beneficial approach to improve the nutritional value of cereals used in infant preparations. Malted finger millet and amaranth might be considered as potentially appropriate gluten-free alternatives for common wheat-based weaning products, especially in case of those suffering from celiac disease. In this study, the effects of germination temperature and duration on the main nutrients of malted finger millet and amaranth, are evaluated and optimized. Grains were germinated for 24, 36 and 48 h at 22, 26 and 30 °C. In the case of finger millet, germinating for 48 h at 30 °C resulted into 17% increase in protein availability, 10% increase in total energy and 60% reduction in resistant starch (RS). For amaranth, germinating for 48 h at 26 °C was preferable, resulting in 8% increase in protein availability, 11% increase in total energy, 70% reduction in RS and a 10% increase in the linoleic acid.

[Fluctuant pulmonary nodules as presentation of a MALT lymphoma].

PubMed

Dolz Aspas, R; Toyas Miazza, C; Ruiz Ruiz, F; Morales Rull, J L; Pérez Calvo, J I

2003-11-01

Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas are a group of non- Hodgkin"s lymphomas of low malignancy degree. The most frequent location is the gastrointestinal tract. Its primary pulmonary presentation is unusual and heterogeneous from point of view radiological. Woman 61 years old with antecedents of vitiligo, gastric ulcus, cirrhosis by VHC, that go into the hospital by sudden disnea, thoracic paint with pleural characterises and fever of 38.5 degrees C, Her thorax radiography and thoracic TAC showed nodes that affect to different pulmonary lobes. The cytology by PAAF confirms their malignant nature. In subsequent radiological controls it was notice the nodels took away completely and returns in different pulmonary place in each recurrence. The presentation like fluctuant pulmonary nodes is exceptional in a MALT lymphoma. It was described a higher incidence of VHC infection and tumour. The evidence of chronic hepatitis by virus C disease, and local chronic inflammatory process as well as autoimmune disorders may be considerate like a factor that contribute to MALT lymphoma.

Tumor-associated macrophages as major source of APRIL in gastric MALT lymphoma.

PubMed

Munari, Fabio; Lonardi, Silvia; Cassatella, Marco A; Doglioni, Claudio; Cangi, Maria Giulia; Amedei, Amedeo; Facchetti, Fabio; Eishi, Yoshinobu; Rugge, Massimo; Fassan, Matteo; de Bernard, Marina; D'Elios, Mario M; Vermi, William

2011-06-16

Lymphoid hyperplasia of gastric mucosa associated with Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection represents a preneoplastic condition of the mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), which may evolve to a B-cell lymphoma. While it is well established that the initial neoplastic proliferation of B cells is antigen-driven and dependent on the helper activity of HP-specific T cells, it needs to be elucidated which cytokine or soluble factor(s) promote B-cell activation and lymphomagenesis. Herein, we originally report that gastric MALT lymphoma express high levels of a proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL), a novel cytokine crucial in sustaining B-cell proliferation. By immunohistochemistry, we demonstrate that APRIL is produced almost exclusively by gastric lymphoma-infiltrating macrophages located in close proximity to neoplastic B cells. We also show that macrophages produce APRIL on direct stimulation with both HP and HP-specific T cells. Collectively, our results represent the first evidence for an involvement of APRIL in gastric MALT lymphoma development in HP-infected patients.

LC-MS analysis of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of buckwheat at different stages of malting.

PubMed

Terpinc, Petra; Cigić, Blaž; Polak, Tomaž; Hribar, Janez; Požrl, Tomaž

2016-11-01

The impact of malting on the profile of the phenolic compounds and the antioxidant properties of two buckwheat varieties was investigated. The highest relative increases in phenolic compounds were observed for isoorientin, orientin, and isovitexin, which are consequently major inducible phenolic compounds during malting. Only a minor relative increase was observed for the most abundant phenolic compound, rutin. The radical-scavenging activity of buckwheat seeds was evaluated using ABTS and DPPH assays. A considerable increase in total phenolic compounds and higher antioxidant activity were observed after 64h of germination, whereas kilning resulted in decreased total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Higher antioxidant activities for extracts were found for buffered solvents than for pure methanol and water. Changes in the composition of the phenolic compounds and increased antioxidant content were confirmed by several methods, indicating that buckwheat malt can be used as a food rich in antioxidants. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Regression of gastric malt-lymphoma under specific therapy may be predict by endoscopic ultrasound.

PubMed

Gheorghe, Cristian; Băncilă, Ion; Stoia, Răzvan; Gheorghe, Liana; Becheanu, Gabriel; Dobre, Camelia; Brescan, Raluca

2004-06-01

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas represent a relatively new described class of rare lymphomas, characterized by an indolent course and favourable outcome with specific therapy. Gastric MALT lymphomas are associated with chronic Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection. We report the case of a 67 year old man admitted for an 8-month history of epigastric pain, anorexia and progressive weight loss. He was diagnosed with low-grade primary gastric MALT lymphoma by endoscopy, histopathological examination of gastric mucosa (light microscopy and immunohistochemistry) and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). The patient received a 2-week course of anti-HP therapy and chemotherapy with Chlorambucil 0.1 mg/kg/day was started. During the follow-up, continuous improvement of clinical status, endoscopic and EUS appearance was noted. We conclude that, facing the trend toward nonsurgical treatment modalities for primary gastric lymphoma, EUS appears an important tool for staging the disease and defining cases suitable for anti-HP, radio- and chemotherapy, as well as for the detection of local recurrence.

Results of Upfront Therapy for Marginal Zone Lymphoma.

PubMed

Ortega, José L; Cabanillas, Fernando; Rivera, Noridza; Tirado-Gomez, Maribel; Hallman, Deana; Pardo, Wandaly I; Bruno, Margarita

2017-12-01

Marginal zone lymphomas (MZLs) are indolent disorders composed of 3 subtypes: extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (MALT), splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL), and nodal marginal zone lymphoma (NMZL). Early-stage MALT is treated with radiotherapy or antibiotics, and advanced MALT and NMZL are managed with either watch and wait or chemotherapy. SMZLs are treated with splenectomy or rituximab. However, because these approaches have failed to cure patients with SMZL and NMZL, we have systematically used upfront chemotherapy for them, as well as for advanced MALT. We report the outcomes of this approach. A total of 44 patients with MZL were identified from our database and divided into 2 groups. Group 1 (22 with early-stage MALT) patients received either radiotherapy (n = 17) or antibiotics with or without surgery (n = 5). Group 2 included 9 patients with advanced MALT, 9 with SMZL, and 4 with NMZL. Group 2 was treated with FND-R (fludarabine 25 mg/m 2 on days 1 to 3, mitoxantrone 10 mg/m 2 on day 1, dexamethasone 20 mg on days 1 to 5, and rituximab 375 mg/m 2 on day 1; n = 14) or CHOP-R (cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m 2 on day 1, doxorubicin 50 mg/m 2 on day 1, vincristine 2 mg intravenous push on day 1, prednisone 100 mg/m 2 orally on days 1 to 5, rituximab 375 mg/m 2 on day 1; n = 8), followed by maintenance rituximab for 70%. All patients achieved complete remission, and only 2 patients in group 1 had developed a relapse at 70 and 75 months. Both relapses were stage I MALT that had initially been treated with radiotherapy. Both were salvaged with FND-R and remained free of disease at 27 and 39 months after the relapse. At 10 years, the failure-free survival for the 44 patients was 80% and the overall survival was 100%. None of the patients in group 2 developed a relapse. The long-term toxicities have been acceptable. The excellent responses using upfront chemotherapy for MZL suggests that this disorder is curable. Our results should be confirmed in a prospective trial. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

JPRS Report, Near East & South Asia, India

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-09-23

said, one field, particularly in consumer industries , small-scale which favoured total decentralisation with each republic sector and self-employment...glass fibres of all types. All food processing industries other than milk food , malted foods , and flour, but excluding the items reserved for Ceramics...small-scale sector. (i) ceramics for industrial uses. All items of packaging for food processing industries Cement Products: excluding the items

The Impact of Single-Container Malt Liquor Sales Restrictions on Urban Crime.

PubMed

McKee, Patricia; Erickson, Darin J; Toomey, Traci; Nelson, Toben; Less, Elyse Levine; Joshi, Spruha; Jones-Webb, Rhonda

2017-04-01

Many US cities have adopted legal restrictions on high-alcohol malt liquor sales in response to reports of crime and nuisance behaviors around retail alcohol outlets. We assessed whether these policies are effective in reducing crime in urban areas. We used a rigorous interrupted time-series design with comparison groups to examine monthly crime rates in areas surrounding alcohol outlets in the 3 years before and after adoption of malt liquor sales restrictions in two US cities. Crime rates in matched comparison areas not subject to restrictions served as covariates. Novel methods for matching target and comparison areas using virtual neighborhood audits conducted in Google Street View are described. In Minneapolis, Minnesota, sales of single containers of 16 oz or less were prohibited in individual liquor stores (n = 6). In Washington, D.C., the sale of single containers of any size were prohibited in all retail alcohol outlets within full or partial wards (n = 6). Policy adoption was associated with modest reductions in crime, particularly assaults and vandalism, in both cities. All significant outcomes were in the hypothesized direction. Our results provide evidence that retail malt liquor sales restrictions, even relatively weak ones, can have modest effects on a range of crimes. Policy success may depend on community support and concurrent restrictions on malt liquor substitutes.

27 CFR 11.11 - Meaning of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... distilled spirits, wine, or malt beverages from a trade buyer to an industry member with other products taken as a replacement. Industry member. Any person engaged in business as a distiller, brewer.... The transfer of distilled spirits, wine, or malt beverages from a trade buyer to the industry member...

27 CFR 10.4 - Jurisdictional limits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... purchase distilled spirits, wine, or malt beverages from such industry member to the exclusion, in whole or in part, of products sold or offered for sale by other persons in interstate or foreign commerce; and... offering for sale any such products to such retailer in interstate or foreign commerce. (b) Malt beverages...

27 CFR 10.4 - Jurisdictional limits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... purchase distilled spirits, wine, or malt beverages from such industry member to the exclusion, in whole or in part, of products sold or offered for sale by other persons in interstate or foreign commerce; and... offering for sale any such products to such retailer in interstate or foreign commerce. (b) Malt beverages...

27 CFR 25.23 - Restrictions on use.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... beverages, vitamins, ice, malt, malt syrup, and other by-products of the brewing process, or soft drinks and... because of emergency conditions; (5) Involve experiments or research projects related to equipment... on brewery premises in accordance with § 25.25. (c) Application. Except as provided in § 25.25 for...

27 CFR 25.23 - Restrictions on use.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... beverages, vitamins, ice, malt, malt syrup, and other by-products of the brewing process, or soft drinks and... because of emergency conditions; (5) Involve experiments or research projects related to equipment... on brewery premises in accordance with § 25.25. (c) Application. Except as provided in § 25.25 for...

27 CFR 25.23 - Restrictions on use.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... beverages, vitamins, ice, malt, malt syrup, and other by-products of the brewing process, or soft drinks and... because of emergency conditions; (5) Involve experiments or research projects related to equipment... on brewery premises in accordance with § 25.25. (c) Application. Except as provided in § 25.25 for...

27 CFR 25.23 - Restrictions on use.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... beverages, vitamins, ice, malt, malt syrup, and other by-products of the brewing process, or soft drinks and... because of emergency conditions; (5) Involve experiments or research projects related to equipment... on brewery premises in accordance with § 25.25. (c) Application. Except as provided in § 25.25 for...

27 CFR 7.54 - Prohibited statements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS LABELING AND ADVERTISING OF MALT BEVERAGES Advertising of Malt Beverages... statement of alcoholic content permitted under § 7.71 may be depicted in any advertising media. The... statement of alcoholic content permitted under § 7.71 may be displayed in any advertising media. (d) Class...

27 CFR 7.54 - Prohibited statements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL LABELING AND ADVERTISING OF MALT BEVERAGES Advertising of Malt Beverages... statement of alcoholic content permitted under § 7.71 may be depicted in any advertising media. The... statement of alcoholic content permitted under § 7.71 may be displayed in any advertising media. (d) Class...

27 CFR 7.54 - Prohibited statements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS LABELING AND ADVERTISING OF MALT BEVERAGES Advertising of Malt Beverages... statement of alcoholic content permitted under § 7.71 may be depicted in any advertising media. The... statement of alcoholic content permitted under § 7.71 may be displayed in any advertising media. (d) Class...

27 CFR 7.54 - Prohibited statements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL LABELING AND ADVERTISING OF MALT BEVERAGES Advertising of Malt Beverages... statement of alcoholic content permitted under § 7.71 may be depicted in any advertising media. The... statement of alcoholic content permitted under § 7.71 may be displayed in any advertising media. (d) Class...

27 CFR 7.54 - Prohibited statements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS LABELING AND ADVERTISING OF MALT BEVERAGES Advertising of Malt Beverages... statement of alcoholic content permitted under § 7.71 may be depicted in any advertising media. The... statement of alcoholic content permitted under § 7.71 may be displayed in any advertising media. (d) Class...

27 CFR 5.11 - Meaning of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... containers. “Age” for bourbon whisky, rye whisky, wheat whisky, malt whisky, or rye malt whisky, and straight whiskies other than straight corn whisky, means the period the whisky has been stored in charred new oak... wine, whisky, rum, brandy, gin, and other distilled spirits, including all dilutions and mixtures...

27 CFR 5.11 - Meaning of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... containers. “Age” for bourbon whisky, rye whisky, wheat whisky, malt whisky, or rye malt whisky, and straight whiskies other than straight corn whisky, means the period the whisky has been stored in charred new oak... wine, whisky, rum, brandy, gin, and other distilled spirits, including all dilutions and mixtures...

21 CFR 172.730 - Potassium bromate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... ADDITIVES PERMITTED FOR DIRECT ADDITION TO FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION Other Specific Usage Additives § 172.730 Potassium bromate. The food additive potassium bromate may be safely used in the malting of barley... barley under conditions whereby the amount of the additive present in the malt from the treatment does...

Life-cycle analysis of dryland greenhouse gases affected by cropping sequence and nitrogen fertilization

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Little information is available about management practices effect on net global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) under dryland cropping systems. We evaluated the effects of cropping sequences (conventional till malt barley-fallow [CTB-F], no-till malt barley-pea [NTB-P], a...

THE MILLIMETER ASTRONOMY LEGACY TEAM 90 GHz (MALT90) PILOT SURVEY

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Foster, Jonathan B.; Jackson, James M.; Barris, Elizabeth

We describe a pilot survey conducted with the Mopra 22 m radio telescope in preparation for the Millimeter Astronomy Legacy Team Survey at 90 GHz (MALT90). We identified 182 candidate dense molecular clumps using six different selection criteria and mapped each source simultaneously in 16 different lines near 90 GHz. We present a summary of the data and describe how the results of the pilot survey shaped the design of the larger MALT90 survey. We motivate our selection of target sources for the main survey based on the pilot detection rates and demonstrate the value of mapping in multiple linesmore » simultaneously at high spectral resolution.« less

Gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cured with Helicobacter pylori eradication regardless of whether it contains features of MALT lymphoma.

PubMed

Mitsuhashi, Kei; Yamashita, Kentaro; Goto, Akira; Adachi, Takeya; Kondo, Yoshihiro; Kasai, Kiyoshi; Suzuki, Ryo; Saito, Mayuko; Arimura, Yoshiaki; Shinomura, Yasuhisa

2014-01-01

A 66-year-old patient was diagnosed with primary gastric B-cell lymphoma. The pathological findings were consistent with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL); however, a small area showed features of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Biopsy specimens were referred to two other pathologists, both of whom diagnosed the case as pure DLBCL, denying the area of MALT lymphoma. As the lymphoma was limited to the submucosal layer and the patient's general condition was excellent, eradication of Helicobacter pylori was selected as the initial treatment. The lymphoma completely disappeared three months after the eradication treatment, and complete remission has been maintained for nearly two years.

27 CFR 11.4 - Jurisdictional limits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) General. The regulations in this part apply where: (1) The industry member sells, offers for sale, or contracts to sell to a trade buyer engaged in the sale of distilled spirits, wines, or malt beverages, or..., wine, or malt beverages; and, (2) If: (i) The sale, purchase, offer or contract is made in the course...

Fluorescence microplate readers as an alternative to flow injection analysis for determination of wort beta-glucan

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Wort beta-glucan concentration is a critical malting quality parameter used to identify and avoid potential brewhouse filtration problems. ASBC method Wort-18 is widely used in malt analysis laboratories and brewhouses to measure wort beta-glucan levels. However, the chemistry underlying the method...

19 CFR 11.6 - Distilled spirits, wines, and malt liquors in bulk.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., and malt liquors in bulk. (a) The port director, in his discretion, may require marks, brands, stamps..., brands, stamps, labels, or similar devices required by Federal, State, or local statute or regulation may... measurement shall be done at a public store, warehouse, or other appropriate facility. (c) Marks, brands...

There's Trouble in Paradise: Problems with Educational Metadata Encountered during the MALTED Project.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Monthienvichienchai, Rachada; Sasse, M. Angela; Wheeldon, Richard

This paper investigates the usability of educational metadata schemas with respect to the case of the MALTED (Multimedia Authoring Language Teachers and Educational Developers) project at University College London (UCL). The project aims to facilitate authoring of multimedia materials for language learning by allowing teachers to share multimedia…

27 CFR 25.15 - Materials for the production of beer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... production of beer. 25.15 Section 25.15 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS BEER Definitions Standards for Beer § 25.15 Materials for the production of beer. (a) Beer must be brewed from malt or from substitutes for malt. Only rice...

27 CFR 7.22b - Petitions for exemption from major food allergen labeling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Petitions for exemption... AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS LABELING AND ADVERTISING OF MALT BEVERAGES Labeling Requirements for Malt Beverages § 7.22b Petitions for exemption from major food allergen...

27 CFR 25.23 - Restrictions on use.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... beverages, vitamins, ice, malt, malt syrup, and other by-products of the brewing process, or soft drinks and..., upon approval from the appropriate TTB officer, if the purposes: (1) Require the use of by-products or..., materials, processes, products, by-products, or waste of the brewery; or (6) Involve operation of a tavern...

F-18 FDG PET/CT findings in a patient with bilateral orbital and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas.

PubMed

Suga, Kazuyoshi; Yasuhiko, Kawakami; Hiyama, Atsuto; Takeda, Koumei; Matsunaga, Naofumi

2009-09-01

Orbital mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is an uncommon disease, while the incidence is recently increasing. We describe the F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography computerized tomography (FDG PET/CT) findings in a case of bilateral orbital MALT lymphomas with a coexisting gastric lesion. Although only the lesion in the left orbit was initially identified on MR imaging, FDG PET/CT scan unexpectedly and additionally could identify the tiny lesion of the contralateral orbit and the gastric lesion. This patient received radiotherapy to all these lesions, with a combination of rituximab monoclonal antibody therapy. The follow-up PET/CT studies at 3, 6, and 9 months and 1.5 years after treatment showed regression or disappearance of all these FDG-avid lesions. Accurate localization and staging are crucial to select an adequate treatment in MALT lymphoma at any location. This case indicates the feasibility of FDG PET/CT scan for accurate localization and staging and also for monitoring treatment in patients with orbital MALT lymphoma.

Role of Helicobacter pylori in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas

PubMed Central

Pereira, Marta-Isabel; Medeiros, José Augusto

2014-01-01

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is an indolent extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, originating in acquired MALT that is induced in mucosal barriers as part of a normal adaptive immune response to a chronic immunoinflammatory stimulus, most notably chronic infection by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This antigenic stimulation initially leads to lymphoid hyperplasia; the acquisition of additional genetic aberrations culminates in the activation of intracellular survival pathways, with disease progression due to proliferation and resistance to apoptosis, and the emergence of a malignant clone. There are descriptions of MALT lymphomas affecting practically every organ and system, with a marked geographic variability partially attributable to the epidemiology of the underlying risk factors; nevertheless, the digestive system (and predominantly the stomach) is the most frequently involved location, reflecting the gastrointestinal tract’s unique characteristics of contact with foreign antigens, high mucosal permeability, large extension and intrinsic lymphoid system. While early-stage gastric MALT lymphoma can frequently regress after the therapeutic reversal of the chronic immune stimulus through antibiotic eradication of H. pylori infection, the presence of immortalizing genetic abnormalities, of advanced disease or of eradication-refractoriness requires a more aggressive approach which is, presently, not consensual. The fact that MALT lymphomas are rare neoplasms, with a worldwide incidence of 1-1.5 cases per 105 population, per year, limits the ease of accrual of representative series of patients for robust clinical trials that could sustain informed evidence-based therapeutic decisions to optimize the quality of patient care. PMID:24574742

Primary Hepatic Marginal Zone Lymphoma in a Patient with Chronic Hepatitis C.

PubMed

Gherlan, George S; Stoia, Razvan; Enyedi, Mihaly; Dobrea, Camelia; Calistru, Petre I

2016-09-01

Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is a low-grade malignant lymphoma that appears frequently in the stomach, but other sites can also be involved: the intestinal tract, lungs, head, neck, skin, thyroid, breasts and liver. Recently, epidemiological evidences support the idea that there is an association between hepatitis C and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (that include MALT as a subtype). Primary non-Hodgkin lymphomas confi ned only to the liver are very rare (only 0.016% of all cases of all non-Hodgkin's lymphomas) and MALT is not the most frequent type. We present the case of a male patient, age 62, known with chronic hepatitis C, previously relapser a" er a 72 week treatment with peg-interferon alfa and ribavirin that was diagnosed at three years a" er the relapse with multiple focal liver lesions. One of the tumors was surgically removed and the histological exam performed demonstrated an extranodal marginal zone lymphoma with small B-cell with plasmacytoid diff erentiation confi ned only to the liver. Direct acting antiviral (DAA) therapy was started, but the virologic clearance was not obtained by week 10, leading to a change of DAA regimen at week 12. The antiviral therapy was continued until week 24. Imaging showed an increase in number and size of the focal lesions until week 12. At week 12 chemo- and immune-therapy was started with bendamustine and rituximab. A" erwards the evolution was favorable, the patient being now in complete remission and with undetectable viral load.

Long-Term Outcomes of 107 Cases of Primary Thyroid Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma at a Single Medical Institution in Japan.

PubMed

Watanabe, Natsuko; Narimatsu, Hiroto; Noh, Jaeduk Yoshimura; Iwaku, Kenji; Kunii, Yo; Suzuki, Nami; Ohye, Hidemi; Suzuki, Miho; Matsumoto, Masako; Yoshihara, Ai; Kameyama, Kaori; Kobayashi, Kazuhiko; Kami, Masahiro; Sugino, Kiminori; Ito, Koichi

2018-02-01

Thyroid mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a type of extranodal lymphoma with a favorable prognosis. To provide information on long-term outcomes that would facilitate establishment of the optimal management strategy for thyroid lymphoma. Medical records of 107 patients (median age 67 years, 20 males, 87 females) who were diagnosed with localized thyroid MALT lymphoma stage IE or IIE at Ito Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Overall and event-free survival (EFS). Initial treatments included radiation therapy (RT) alone (n = 58), combined modality therapy (CMT) (n = 48), or chemotherapy alone (n = 1). All 107 patients responded to the treatment, six of whom experienced relapse. Only one patient died of lymphoma. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and EFS rates were 94% [95% confidence interval (CI), 87% to 97%] and 92% (95% CI, 85% to 95%), respectively, and the 10-year OS and EFS rates were 91% (95% CI, 83% to 95%) and 84% (95% CI, 74% to 90%), respectively. Of the 106 patients with information available on adverse events, 71 patients (67%) developed hypothyroidism after primary thyroid lymphoma treatment. The CMT group showed additional chemotherapy-induced adverse reactions in the form of neutropenia, neuropathy, constipation, and pneumonia. The 5-year OS rates of patients treated with CMT and RT were 93% (95% CI, 81% to 98%) and 94% (95% CI, 84% to 98%), respectively. Long-term outcomes of localized thyroid MALT lymphoma are favorable with all initial treatment modalities. Copyright © 2017 Endocrine Society

Morphologic observation of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in the large intestine of Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus).

PubMed

ZhaXi, Yingpai; Wang, Wenhui; Zhang, Wangdong; Gao, Qiang; Guo, Minggang; Jia, Shuai

2014-07-01

The structure and distribution of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) throughout the large intestine of 10 Bactrian camels were comparatively studied by anatomical and histological methods. The results showed that Peyer's patches (PPs) were mainly located on the mucosal surfaces of the entire ileocecal orifice, the beginning of the cecum and the first third of the colon. The shape of PPs gradually changed from "scrotiform" to "faviform" along the large intestine with the scrotiform PP as the major type in the ileocecal orifice. The distribution density also gradually decreased from the ileocecal orifice to the colon. The histological observations further revealed that the MALT in the form of PPs or isolated lymphoid follicles (ILF) and lamina propria lymphocytes was mainly present in the lamina propria and submucosa from the entire ileocecal orifice, where the muscularis mucosa is usually incomplete, to the colonic forepart. In addition, lymphoid tissue was much more abundant in the lamina propria and submucosa of the ileocecal orifice as compared to the cecum and colon. Statistically, the MALT of the ileocecal orifice contained a higher number of lymphoid follicles (37.7/10 mm(2) ) than that of the cecum, colon, or rectum (P < 0.05). The germinal centers of the lymphoid follicles were clearly visible. Together, our data suggest that the ileocecal orifice constitutes the main inductive site for the mucosal immunity in the large intestine of the Bactrian camel; and that scrotiform PPs are likely to the result of long-term adaptation of the Bactrian camel to the harsh living environment. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Long-term follow-up of gastric lymphoma after stomach conserving treatment.

PubMed

Fischbach, W

2010-02-01

The therapeutic strategy in gastric lymphoma has completely changed over the last two decades. This change is mainly characterised by the abandonment of surgery in favour of conservative therapies and the introduction of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. It became evident that conservative treatment with radiation and/or chemotherapy is at least as effective as surgical resection and additionally offers the advantage of stomach preservation and better quality of life. The therapeutic goal is undoubtedly complete remission of the lymphoma as a necessary basis for cure of the disease. Both radiotherapy and chemotherapy have a high curative potential in gastric MALT lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), respectively. An open question is the additional benefit of radiation following Rituximab-CHOP chemotherapy in DLBCL. In patients with gastric MALT lymphoma of stage I H. pylori eradication offers complete remission rates of up to 80% with excellent long-term prognosis and a real chance of cure. Patients with MALT lymphoma of stage II and those with DLBCL of stage I may also respond to eradication therapy in the individual case. It also emerged recently that there is no need for any oncological therapy in patients revealing minimal histological residuals after successful H. pylori eradication. A watch-and-wait strategy is the adequate management of this condition. In summary, therapy of gastric lymphoma is nowadays individualised with lymphoma type, stage, and H. pylori status as the determinants of the choice of treatment. Efficacy and quality of life are strong arguments for a definite conservative approach encompassing H. pylori eradication, radiation and chemotherapy. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Pathology of nodal marginal zone lymphomas.

PubMed

Pileri, Stefano; Ponzoni, Maurilio

Nodal marginal zone B cell lymphomas (NMZLs) are a rare group of lymphoid disorders part of the spectrum of marginal zone B-cell lymphomas, which encompass splenic marginal one B-cell lymphoma (SMZL) and extra nodal marginal zone of B-cell lymphoma (EMZL), often of MALT-type. Two clinicopathological forms of NMZL are recognized: adult-type and pediatric-type, respectively. NMZLs show overlapping features with other types of MZ, but distinctive features as well. In this review, we will focus on the salient distinguishing features of NMZL mostly under morphological/immunophenotypical/molecular perspectives in views of the recent acquisitions and forthcoming updated 2016 WHO classification of lymphoid malignancies. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Maltose effects on barley malt diastatic power enzyme activity and thermostability at high isothermal mashing temperature: II. Alpha-amylase

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Maltose, the primary product of starch degradation during mashing, has the potential as a compatible solute to affect the activity of and increase the thermostability of barley malt alpha-amylase activity at high temperatures used in mashing and temperatures above those normally used in mashing. To ...

Comparisons of modern United States and Canadian malting barley cultivars with those from pre-Prohibition: II. Amylolytic enzyme activities and thermostabilities

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

United States and Canadian pre-Prohibition and modern elite malting barley cultivars were evaluated for activities of alpha-amylase, beta-amylase, alpha-glucosidase and limit dextrinase over the course of Congress mashing to determine the changes in activities and thermostabilities since the end of ...

27 CFR 7.27 - Net contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Net contents. 7.27 Section 7.27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL LABELING AND ADVERTISING OF MALT BEVERAGES Labeling Requirements for Malt Beverages § 7.27 Net contents. (a) Net contents shall...

27 CFR 7.27 - Net contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Net contents. 7.27 Section 7.27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL LABELING AND ADVERTISING OF MALT BEVERAGES Labeling Requirements for Malt Beverages § 7.27 Net contents. (a) Net contents shall...

27 CFR 7.27 - Net contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Net contents. 7.27 Section 7.27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS LABELING AND ADVERTISING OF MALT BEVERAGES Labeling Requirements for Malt Beverages § 7.27 Net contents. (a) Net contents shall...

27 CFR 7.27 - Net contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Net contents. 7.27 Section 7.27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS LABELING AND ADVERTISING OF MALT BEVERAGES Labeling Requirements for Malt Beverages § 7.27 Net contents. (a) Net contents shall...

27 CFR 7.27 - Net contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Net contents. 7.27 Section 7.27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS LABELING AND ADVERTISING OF MALT BEVERAGES Labeling Requirements for Malt Beverages § 7.27 Net contents. (a) Net contents shall...

Alcohol Mixed with High Levels of Caffeine: What Campus Professionals Need to Know

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Traue, Jessica Greher; Stahlman, Sara

2010-01-01

Over the past few months, there has been much media attention on popular caffeinated malt beverages like Four Loko. However, researchers, policy makers, and health professionals have expressed concern over caffeinated malt beverages and mixed energy drinks for several years. Since the introduction of energy drinks to the United States such as Red…

Susan Isaacs and the Malting House School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Graham, Philip

2008-01-01

It is well known that psychoanalysis has over the years had a significant impact on the education of children with mental health problems. Its contribution to the theory and practice of mainstream education is less well documented. This paper gives an account of the five-year (1924-1929) history of the Malting House School in Cambridge. The school…

METRO-APEX Volume 14.1: Industrialist's Manual No. 4, Gestalt Malt Brewery. Revised.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

University of Southern California, Los Angeles. COMEX Research Project.

The Industrialist's Manual No. 4 (Gestalt Malt Brewery) is one of a set of twenty-one manuals used in METRO-APEX 1974, a computerized college and professional level, computer-supported, role-play, simulation exercise of a community with "normal" problems. Stress is placed on environmental quality considerations. APEX 1974 is an expansion…

Malt in combination with Lactobacillus rhamnosus increases concentrations of butyric acid in the distal colon and serum in rats compared with other barley products but decreases viable counts of cecal bifidobacteria.

PubMed

Bränning, Camilla E; Nyman, Margareta E

2011-01-01

Several substances, including glutamine and propionic acid but in particular butyric acid, have been proposed to be important for colonic health. β-Glucans lead to the formation of comparatively high amounts of butyric acid, and germinated barley foodstuff obtained from brewer's spent grain (BSG), containing high amounts of β-glucans and glutamine, has been reported to reduce the inflammatory response in the colon of patients with ulcerative colitis. The present study examines how 3 barley products, whole grain barley, malt, and BSG, affect SCFA in the hindgut and serum of rats and whether the addition of Lactobacillus rhamnosus 271 to each of these diets would have further effects. Amino acids in plasma and the cecal composition of the microbiota were also analyzed. The butyric acid concentration in the distal colon and serum was higher in the malt groups than in the other groups as was the serum concentration of propionic acid. The concentrations of propionic and butyric acids were higher in the cecum and serum of rats given L. rhamnosus than in those not given this strain. The proportion of plasma glutamine and the cecal number of bifidobacteria were lower in the malt groups than in the other groups. L. rhamnosus decreased the number of cecal bifidobacteria, whereas plasma glutamine was unaffected. We conclude that malt together with L. rhamnosus 271 had greater effects on propionic and butyric acid concentrations in rats than the other barley products. This is interesting when developing food with effects on colonic health.

Soil greenhouse gas emissions affected by irrigation, tillage, crop rotation, and nitrogen fertilization.

PubMed

Sainju, Upendra M; Stevens, William B; Caesar-Tonthat, Thecan; Liebig, Mark A

2012-01-01

Management practices, such as irrigation, tillage, cropping system, and N fertilization, may influence soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We quantified the effects of irrigation, tillage, crop rotation, and N fertilization on soil CO, NO, and CH emissions from March to November, 2008 to 2011 in a Lihen sandy loam in western North Dakota. Treatments were two irrigation practices (irrigated and nonirrigated) and five cropping systems (conventional-tilled malt barley [ L.] with N fertilizer [CT-N], conventional-tilled malt barley with no N fertilizer [CT-C], no-tilled malt barley-pea [ L.] with N fertilizer [NT-PN], no-tilled malt barley with N fertilizer [NT-N], and no-tilled malt barley with no N fertilizer [NT-C]). The GHG fluxes varied with date of sampling and peaked immediately after precipitation, irrigation, and/or N fertilization events during increased soil temperature. Both CO and NO fluxes were greater in CT-N under the irrigated condition, but CH uptake was greater in NT-PN under the nonirrigated condition than in other treatments. Although tillage and N fertilization increased CO and NO fluxes by 8 to 30%, N fertilization and monocropping reduced CH uptake by 39 to 40%. The NT-PN, regardless of irrigation, might mitigate GHG emissions by reducing CO and NO emissions and increasing CH uptake relative to other treatments. To account for global warming potential for such a practice, information on productions associated with CO emissions along with NO and CH fluxes is needed. Copyright © by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Inc.

76 FR 3584 - Disclosure of Cochineal Extract and Carmine in the Labeling of Wines, Distilled Spirits, and Malt...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-20

... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau 27 CFR Parts 5 [Docket No. TTB-2010-0008; Notice No. 111] RIN 1513-AB79 Disclosure of Cochineal Extract and Carmine in the Labeling of Wines, Distilled Spirits, and Malt Beverages Correction In proposed rule document 2010-27733 beginning...

Phenotypic Variation for Diastatic power, ß-Amylase Activity, and ß-Amylase Thermostability vs. Allelic Variation at the Bmy1 Locus in a Sample of North American Barley Germplasm

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Malting quality data including diastatic power, ß-amylase activity, and ß-amylase thermostability, were collected on malts from three barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) breeding program trials containing two growth habits and 165 lines grown in multiple environments. We attempted to identify causal polymor...

Comparisons of modern United States and Canadian malting barley cultivars with those from pre-prohibition: III. Wort sugar production during mashing

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

This study was conducted to compare wort sugar production during mashing of barley malts of pre-Prohibition varieties and modern elite cultivars. Four of the five modern cultivars utilized were significantly higher (P<0.0001) in glucose production than all six pre-Prohibition barley varieties at al...

[Rituximab therapy for systemic manifestations and MALT lymphomas of the parotid gland in Sjögren's disease: preliminary data].

PubMed

Logvinenko, O A; Vasil'ev, V I; Sedyshev, S Kh; Safonova, T N; Rodionova, E B; Kokosadze, N V; Aleksandrova, E N; Cherkasova, M V; Radenska-Lopovok, S G; Nasonov, E L

2012-01-01

To evaluate the efficacy of rituximab (RT) in cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CGV) and MALT lymphomas of the parotid gland (PG) in patients with Sjögren's disease (SD). RT therapy was performed in 13 patients with SD and CGV and in 17 with SD and PC MALT lymphoma. Eleven patients with SD received RT monotherapy and 19 with this disease had combined therapy with RT and cyclophosphan (CP). RT was used intravenously dropwise at a dose of 500 mg weekly or once every two weeks in combination with intravenous dropwise CP 1000 mg the next day with 4-6 per course. For the diagnosis of MALT lymphomas, all the patients with SD underwent incisional PG biopsy under local anesthesia at the Research Institute of Rheumatology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. PG biopsy specimens were histologically and immunohistochemically studied at the Russian Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. In 11 cases, B-cell clonality was identified from immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain genes rearrangements, by using polymerase chain reaction at the Hematology Research Center, Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation. Cutaneous manifestations of vasculitis disappeared in 75% of cases after monotherapy with RT and in 100% of cases after combination therapy with RT and CP. At 6-month follow-up, a complete response to therapy remained in 25% of the patients after a course of monotherapy and in 83% after combined therapy. Serum monoclonal Ig cryoglobulins and their urinary light chains ceased to be detectable in 75% of the patients in both groups at 3 months. At 6 months, a recurrence of mixed monoclonal cryoglobulinemia was seen in 50 and 43% of cases after monotherapy and combined therapy, respectively. The clinical and laboratory response of cryoglobunemic glomerulonephritis to combined therapy with RT and CP was complete in 60% of cases at 6-month follow-up. After RT monotherapy, the patients with SD and PG MALT lymphoma achieved a complete clinical response in 88%, of whom histological and immunohistochemical reexaminations of PG biopsy specimens revealed no signs of MALT lymphoma in 71% of cases. B-cell clonality remained in the PG biopsy specimens following RT monotherapy. After the combination of RT and CP, a complete clinical response to therapy was observed in 100% of the patients, a complete histological response and a complete molecular one were seen in 83 and 60%, respectively. RT showed its efficacy in treating SD patients with CGV and PG MALT lymphomas.

SUVmax/THKmax as a Biomarker for Distinguishing Advanced Gastric Carcinoma from Primary Gastric Lymphoma

PubMed Central

Fu, Liping; Li, Hongming; Wang, Hui; Xu, Baixuan; Fan, Yong; Tian, Jiahe

2012-01-01

Background Gastric carcinoma and primary gastric lymphoma (PGL) are the two most common malignancies in stomach. The purpose of this study was to screen and validate a biomarker of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) for distinguishing advanced gastric carcinoma (AGC) from PGL for clinical applications. Methodology/Principal Findings We reviewed PET/CT scans collected from January 2008 to April 2012 of 69 AGC and 38 PGL (14 low-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue [MALT], 24 non-MALT aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma [ANHL]) with a focus on FDG intensity (maximum standardized uptake value [SUVmax]) of primary lesions and its CT-detected abnormalities, including maximal gastrointestinal wall thickness (THKmax) and mucosal ulcerations. Gastric FDG uptake was found in 69 (100%) patients with AGC and 36 (95%, 12 MALT vs. 24 ANHL)with PGL. The presence of CT-detected abnormalities of AGC and PGL were 97% (67/69) and 89% (12 MALT vs. 22 ANHL), respectively. After controlling for THKmax, SUVmax was higher with ANHL than AGC (17.10±8.08 vs. 9.65±5.24, p<0.05) and MALT (6.20±3.60, p<0.05). THKmax did not differ among MALT, ANHL and AGC. Mucosal ulceration was more common with AGC (n = 9) than PGL (n = 2),but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Cross-validation analysis showed that for distinguishing ANHL from AGC, the classifier with SUVmax as a feature achieved a correct classification rate of 81% with thresholds 13.40±1.12 and the classifier with SUVmax/THKmax as a feature achieved a correct classification rate of 83% with thresholds 7.51±0.63. Conclusions/Significance SUVmax/THKmax may be as a promising biomarker of FDG-PET/CT for distinguishing ANHL from AGC. Structural CT abnormalities alone may not be reliable but can help with PET assessment of gastric malignancies. 18F-FDG PET/CT have potential for distinguishing AGC from PGL at the individual level. PMID:23226547

A definitive diagnosis of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma made at a second biopsy.

PubMed

Igarashi, Tsutomu; Shimizu, Akira; Yamaguchi, Hiroki; Fukushima, Yoshimitsu; Igarashi, Toru; Takahashi, Hiroshi

2013-01-01

A case of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, the most frequent of the various conjunctival lymphoproliferative disorders, in which the initial biopsy was inconclusive but the second biopsy provided a definitive diagnosis, is reported. A 26-year-old woman with a 3-month history of bilateral conjunctival swelling was referred by a local physician for suspected MALT lymphoma. A salmon-pink elastic swelling was found to involve both eyes and to extend from the lower palpebral conjunctiva to the bulbar conjunctiva. Tonsillar swelling was also found, and ophthalmologic (left eye) and otolaryngologic biopsies were therefore performed simultaneously under general anesthesia. The otolaryngologic diagnosis was chronic tonsillitis. Light microscope examination of the conjunctival tissue showed proliferation of lymphocytes and small aggregates of small to medium-sized atypical lymphocytes. On immunohistochemical studies, atypical lymphocytes were positive for CD20 and CD79a, but differentiation to plasmacytes was not prominent, and neither Dutcher bodies nor evidence of immunoglobulin light chain restriction was found. The results were not incompatible with MALT lymphoma but were not definitive. A second biopsy of the right eye was therefore performed 3 months later. Staining with hematoxylin and eosin showed proliferation of small lymphocytes and monocytoid B cells and differentiation to plasmacytes. The hyperplastic cells were positive for CD19, CD79a, and CD20, and their cytoplasm were positive for Bcl-2 and slightly positive for Bcl-6. Cells positive for CD38 were noted where differentiation to plasmacytes and immunoglobulin light chain κ restriction was evident on immunohistochemical studies and in situ hybridization. The Ki-67-positivity rate was approximately 5%. The results of paraffin-embedded tissue section fluorescence in situ hybridization were negative for MALT-1 (18q21). A diagnosis of MALT lymphoma was made, and treatment with rituximab was started. Few findings lead directly to a definitive diagnosis of MALT lymphoma, and its differential diagnosis from benign lymphoproliferative disorders is difficult. In the present case definitive diagnosis was possible only after a second biopsy. This case suggests repeated biopsy may be necessary when a single biopsy is not definitive.

Understanding Drug Resistance to Targeted Therapeutics in Malignant B-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders (B-LPDs)

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-10-01

18. Munari F et al. Tumor-associated macrophages as major source of APRIL in gastric MALT lymphoma . Blood 2011,117(24)6612-6616. 19. Mackay F et al... Lymphoma (CLL/SLL)  microenvironment  B-cell receptor (BCR)  C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR-4/CD184)  lenalidomide  plerixafor...AND LICENSES: Nothing to report VIII. REPORTABLE OUTCOMES: Nothing to report IX. OTHER ACHIEVEMENTS: A. Funding Applications 1. Lymphoma

Net global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity influenced by irrigation, tillage, crop rotation, and nitrogen fertilization.

PubMed

Sainju, Upendra M; Stevens, William B; Caesar-TonThat, Thecan; Liebig, Mark A; Wang, Jun

2014-05-01

Little information exists about how global warming potential (GWP) is affected by management practices in agroecosystems. We evaluated the effects of irrigation, tillage, crop rotation, and N fertilization on net GWP and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI or GWP per unit crop yield) calculated by soil respiration (GWP and GHGI) and organic C (SOC) (GWP and GHGI) methods after accounting for CO emissions from all sources (irrigation, farm operations, N fertilization, and greenhouse gas [GHG] fluxes) and sinks (crop residue and SOC) in a Lihen sandy loam from 2008 to 2011 in western North Dakota. Treatments were two irrigation practices (irrigated vs. nonirrigated) and five cropping systems (conventional-till malt barley [ L.] with N fertilizer [CTBN], conventional-till malt barley with no N fertilizer [CTBO], no-till malt barley-pea [ L.] with N fertilizer [NTB-P], no-till malt barley with N fertilizer, and no-till malt barley with no N fertilizer [NTBO]). While CO equivalents were greater with irrigation, tillage, and N fertilization than without, NO and CH fluxes were 2 to 218 kg CO eq. ha greater in nonirrigated NTBN and irrigated CTBN than in other treatments. Previous year's crop residue and C sequestration rate were 202 to 9316 kg CO eq. ha greater in irrigated NTB-P than in other treatments. Compared with other treatments, GWP and GWP were 160 to 9052 kg CO eq. ha lower in irrigated and nonirrigated NTB-P. Similarly, GHGI and GHGI were lower in nonirrigated NTB-P than in other treatments. Regardless of irrigation practices, NTB-P may lower net GHG emissions more than other treatments in the northern Great Plains. Copyright © by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Inc.

Exposure to Glycolytic Carbon Sources Reveals a Novel Layer of Regulation for the MalT Regulon

PubMed Central

Reimann, Sylvia A.; Wolfe, Alan J.

2011-01-01

Bacteria adapt to changing environments by means of tightly coordinated regulatory circuits. The use of synthetic lethality, a genetic phenomenon in which the combination of two nonlethal mutations causes cell death, facilitates identification and study of such circuitry. In this study, we show that the E. coli ompR malT con double mutant exhibits a synthetic lethal phenotype that is environmentally conditional. MalTcon, the constitutively active form of the maltose system regulator MalT, causes elevated expression of the outer membrane porin LamB, which leads to death in the absence of the osmoregulator OmpR. However, the presence and metabolism of glycolytic carbon sources, such as sorbitol, promotes viability and unveils a novel layer of regulation within the complex circuitry that controls maltose transport and metabolism. PMID:21912549

Mesospheric Temperature Structure during the GUARA Campaign and Comparison with the DROPPS and MaCWAVE Campaigns

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schmidlin, F. J.; Goldberg, R. A.; Gerlach, John C. (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

A significant number of passive inflatable falling spheres launched from Alcantara, Brazil (2S) during the MALTED campaign in August 1994 showed unusual temperature layering at 70 and 85 km, Reprocessing of the original radar position data reveal more consistent temperature inversions over time than was observed during the DROPPS campaign conducted from northern Scandinavia during July 1999. Comparison between falling sphere measurements and the HALOE instrument on UARS provides a now perspective about the atmospheric structure at two widely separated locations. The availability of NASA and Brazilian C-band radars established high confidence in the data quality during MALTED. A new campaign, MaCWAVE scheduled this summer from Andoys, Rocket Range, Norway (67N) will provide characteristics of gravity wave activity that will be compared with the MALTED temperature and wind profiles.

Selenium speciation in malt, wort, and beer made from selenium-biofortified two-rowed barley grain.

PubMed

Rodrigo, Sara; Santamaria, Oscar; Chen, Yi; McGrath, Steve P; Poblaciones, Maria J

2014-06-25

Selenium (Se) biofortification of barley is a suitable strategy to increase the Se concentration in grain. In the present paper, the suitability of this Se-biofortified grain for making Se-enriched beer is analyzed. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different Se fertilizer doses (0, 10, and 20 g of Se ha(-1)) and forms (sodium selenate or sodium selenite) on the Se loss during the malting and brewing processes and Se speciation in grain, malt, wort, and beer. Samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-ICP-MS for total Se and speciation. Mashing-lautering was the process with the greatest Se loss (83.8%). After malting and brewing, only 7.3% of the initial Se was retained in beer, mainly in selenite form. Even so, the fertilizer application of sodium selenate at 20 g ha(-1) increased the total Se concentration almost 6-fold in the final beer in comparison to the use of grain derived from unfertilized barley. The present paper provides evidence that the use of Se-biofortified barley grain as a raw material to produce Se-enriched beer is possible, and the results are comparable to other methods in terms of efficiency.

Collision of EBV-associated gastric carcinoma and primary gastric extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in the remnant stomach.

PubMed

Akiba, Jun; Nakane, Tomoyuki; Arakawa, Fumiko; Ohshima, Koichi; Yano, Hirohisa

2010-02-01

Reported herein is a case of EBV-associated gastric carcinoma with primary gastric extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma). A 69-year-old Japanese man was found to have an ulcer lesion in his stomach on endoscopy, and a biopsy indicated malignancy. He underwent gastrectomy. Microscopically the tumor had features typical of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma. The neoplastic epithelial cells proliferated in a trabecular fashion. On in situ hybridization for EBV-encoded RNA, positive signals were observed in most neoplastic epithelial cells. Numerous lymphocytes surrounded the neoplastic epithelial cells. In the stroma, numerous lymphocytes with mild atypia were positive for CD20 and CD79a. In addition, monoclonal proliferation of B cells was confirmed on polymerase chain reaction for IgH. These findings supported MALT lymphoma. The coexistence of EBV-associated gastric carcinoma and MALT lymphoma is extremely rare.

Near-infrared Spectroscopy as a Process Analytical Technology Tool for Monitoring the Parching Process of Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Two Kinds of Chemical Indicators.

PubMed

Li, Kaiyue; Wang, Weiying; Liu, Yanping; Jiang, Su; Huang, Guo; Ye, Liming

2017-01-01

The active ingredients and thus pharmacological efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) at different degrees of parching process vary greatly. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) was used to develop a new method for rapid online analysis of TCM parching process, using two kinds of chemical indicators (5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural [5-HMF] content and 420 nm absorbance) as reference values which were obviously observed and changed in most TCM parching process. Three representative TCMs, Areca ( Areca catechu L.), Malt ( Hordeum Vulgare L.), and Hawthorn ( Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.), were used in this study. With partial least squares regression, calibration models of NIR were generated based on two kinds of reference values, i.e. 5-HMF contents measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and 420 nm absorbance measured by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV/Vis), respectively. In the optimized models for 5-HMF, the root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEP) for Areca, Malt, and Hawthorn was 0.0192, 0.0301, and 0.2600 and correlation coefficients ( R cal ) were 99.86%, 99.88%, and 99.88%, respectively. Moreover, in the optimized models using 420 nm absorbance as reference values, the RMSEP for Areca, Malt, and Hawthorn was 0.0229, 0.0096, and 0.0409 and R cal were 99.69%, 99.81%, and 99.62%, respectively. NIR models with 5-HMF content and 420 nm absorbance as reference values can rapidly and effectively identify three kinds of TCM in different parching processes. This method has great promise to replace current subjective color judgment and time-consuming HPLC or UV/Vis methods and is suitable for rapid online analysis and quality control in TCM industrial manufacturing process. Near-infrared spectroscopy.(NIR) was used to develop a new method for online analysis of traditional Chinese medicine.(TCM) parching processCalibration and validation models of Areca, Malt, and Hawthorn were generated by partial least squares regression using 5.(hydroxymethyl) furfural contents and 420.nm absorbance as reference values, respectively, which were main indicator components during parching process of most TCMThe established NIR models of three TCMs had low root mean square errors of prediction and high correlation coefficientsThe NIR method has great promise for use in TCM industrial manufacturing processes for rapid online analysis and quality control. Abbreviations used: NIR: Near-infrared Spectroscopy; TCM: Traditional Chinese medicine; Areca: Areca catechu L.; Hawthorn: Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.; Malt: Hordeum vulgare L.; 5-HMF: 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural; PLS: Partial least squares; D: Dimension faction; SLS: Straight line subtraction, MSC: Multiplicative scatter correction; VN: Vector normalization; RMSECV: Root mean square errors of cross-validation; RMSEP: Root mean square errors of validation; R cal : Correlation coefficients; RPD: Residual predictive deviation; PAT: Process analytical technology; FDA: Food and Drug Administration; ICH: International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use.

Occurrence of Fusarium langsethiae and T-2 and HT-2 Toxins in Italian Malting Barley

PubMed Central

Morcia, Caterina; Tumino, Giorgio; Ghizzoni, Roberta; Badeck, Franz W.; Lattanzio, Veronica M.T.; Pascale, Michelangelo; Terzi, Valeria

2016-01-01

T-2 and HT-2 toxins are two of the most toxic members of type-A trichothecenes, produced by a number of Fusarium species. The occurrence of these mycotoxins was studied in barley samples during a survey carried out in the 2011–2014 growing seasons in climatically different regions in Italy. The percentage of samples found positive ranges from 22% to 53%, with values included between 26 and 787 μg/kg. The percentage of samples with a T-2 and HT-2 content above the EU indicative levels for barley of 200 μg/kg ranges from 2% to 19.6% in the 2011–2014 period. The fungal species responsible for the production of these toxins in 100% of positive samples has been identified as Fusarium langsethiae, a well-known producer of T-2 and HT-2 toxins. A positive correlation between the amount of F. langsethiae DNA and of the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxins was found. This is the first report on the occurrence of F. langsethiae—and of its toxic metabolites T-2 and HT-2—in malting barley grown in Italy. PMID:27556490

Occurrence of Fusarium langsethiae and T-2 and HT-2 Toxins in Italian Malting Barley.

PubMed

Morcia, Caterina; Tumino, Giorgio; Ghizzoni, Roberta; Badeck, Franz W; Lattanzio, Veronica M T; Pascale, Michelangelo; Terzi, Valeria

2016-08-20

T-2 and HT-2 toxins are two of the most toxic members of type-A trichothecenes, produced by a number of Fusarium species. The occurrence of these mycotoxins was studied in barley samples during a survey carried out in the 2011-2014 growing seasons in climatically different regions in Italy. The percentage of samples found positive ranges from 22% to 53%, with values included between 26 and 787 μg/kg. The percentage of samples with a T-2 and HT-2 content above the EU indicative levels for barley of 200 μg/kg ranges from 2% to 19.6% in the 2011-2014 period. The fungal species responsible for the production of these toxins in 100% of positive samples has been identified as Fusarium langsethiae, a well-known producer of T-2 and HT-2 toxins. A positive correlation between the amount of F. langsethiae DNA and of the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxins was found. This is the first report on the occurrence of F. langsethiae-and of its toxic metabolites T-2 and HT-2-in malting barley grown in Italy.

Fate of phytochemicals during malting and fermentation of type III tannin sorghum and impact on product biofunctionality.

PubMed

Kayodé, A P Polycarpe; Mertz, Christian; Guyot, Jean-Pierre; Brat, Pierre; Mouquet-Rivier, Claire

2013-02-27

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of sorghum bioprocessing into Gowé on iron bioavailability and antioxidant properties of the final products. Gowé is an African sour beverage, whose process combines malting and fermenting of sorghum grains. The effects of the durations of germination and fermentation on the phytochemicals were evaluated using a central composite design. The antioxidant capacity and iron bioavailability of the derived flour were also evaluated. During the germination process, the tannin content of the grain decreased from 429.5 to 174.1 mg/100 g DM, while the total phenolic content increased from 300.3 to 371.5 mg GAE/100 g DM. The phenolic acid contents of the flour were significantly modified as a result of the durations of germination and fermentation. Both germination and fermentation enhanced the antioxidant capacity of sorghum flour, and antioxidant characteristics were significantly correlated with the levels of total phenolics, tannins, and phenolic acids. Phytate content of sorghum grain decreased drastically from 1003 to 369.1 mg/100 g DM when the duration of germination or fermentation increased. This was associated with an increase in the bioavailability of iron.

In Depth Analysis of Citrulline Specific CD4 T Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis

DTIC Science & Technology

2018-01-01

activation of lymphoid , myeloid and mast cells , indicating MALT1’s crucial role in innate and adaptive signaling. Therefore, MALT1 is regarded a...Session 7: Adaptive immunity vs. innate immunity and mesenchymal functions in RA Genetics, T cell specificity and T cell regulation in RA Jane Buckner...IFRA) Program Session 7: Adaptive immunity vs. innate immunity and mesenchymal functions in RA Genetics, T cell specificity and T cell regulation in

In-Depth Analysis of Citrulline-Specific CD4 T-Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis

DTIC Science & Technology

2018-01-01

player in the activation of lymphoid , myeloid and mast cells , indicating MALT1’s crucial role in innate and adaptive signaling. Therefore, MALT1 is...for RA (IFRA) Program Session 7: Adaptive immunity vs. innate immunity and mesenchymal functions in RA Genetics, T cell specificity and T cell ...Program Session 7: Adaptive immunity vs. innate immunity and mesenchymal functions in RA Genetics, T cell specificity and T cell regulation in RA

Identification of Cytological Features Distinguishing Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma from Reactive Lymphoid Proliferation Using Thyroid Liquid-Based Cytology

PubMed Central

Suzuki, Ayana; Hirokawa, Mitsuyoshi; Ito, Aki; Takada, Nami; Higuchi, Miyoko; Hayashi, Toshitetsu; Kuma, Seiji; Miyauchi, Akira

2018-01-01

Objective To identify cytological differences between mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT-L) and nonneoplastic lymphocytes using thyroid liquid-based cytology (LBC). Study Design We observed LBC and conventional specimens from 35 MALT-L cases, 3 diffuse large B-cell cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cases, and 44 prominent nonneoplastic lymphocytic infiltration cases. Results In MALT-L cases, the incidence of lymphoglandular bodies in the LBC specimens was lower than that in the conventional specimens (p < 0.001). Moreover, the nuclear sizes in LBC specimens were larger than those in conventional specimens. In 62.9% of the MALT-L and all DLBCL specimens, large nuclei were present in > 10% of the lymphoid cells in LBC specimens. Two cases with prominent nonneoplastic lymphocytic infiltration also exhibited these findings. In LBC specimens, swollen naked nuclei with less punctate chromatin patterns and thin nuclear margins were observed in 92.1% of lymphoma and 20.5% of prominent nonneoplastic lymphocytic infiltration. Elongated nuclei were significantly more apparent in thyroid lymphoma than in prominent nonneoplastic lymphocytic infiltration (p < 0.001), with a significantly higher incidence in LBC specimens than in conventional specimens (p < 0.001). Conclusions Lymphoglandular bodies are not reliable markers for lymphoma diagnosis using LBC specimens. Large, swollen naked, and elongated nuclei are useful in distinguishing thyroid lymphoma from nonneoplastic lymphocytes in LBC specimens. PMID:29597203

Comparison of beer quality attributes between beers brewed with 100% barley malt and 100% barley raw material.

PubMed

Steiner, Elisabeth; Auer, Andrea; Becker, Thomas; Gastl, Martina

2012-03-15

Brewing with 100% barley using the Ondea® Pro exogenous brewing enzyme product was compared to brewing with 100% barley. The use of barley, rather than malt, in the brewing process and the consequences for selected beer quality attributes (foam formation, colloidal stability and filterability, sensory differences, protein content and composition) was considered. The quality attributes of barley, malt, kettle-full-wort, cold wort, unfiltered beer and filtered beer were assessed. A particular focus was given to monitoring changes in the barley protein composition during the brewing process and how the exogenous OndeaPro® enzymes influenced wort protein composition. All analyses were based on standard brewing methods described in ASBC, EBC or MEBAK. To monitor the protein changes two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used. It was shown that by brewing beer with 100% barley and an appropriate addition of exogenous Ondea® Pro enzymes it was possible to efficiently brew beer of a satisfactory quality. The production of beers brewed with 100% barley resulted in good process efficiency (lautering and filtration) and to a final product whose sensory quality was described as light, with little body and mouthfeel, very good foam stability and similar organoleptic qualities compared to conventional malt beer. In spite of the sensory evaluation differences could still be seen in protein content and composition. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry.

Antisecretory medication is associated with decreased Helicobacter pylori detection in gastric marginal zone lymphoma.

PubMed

Schaberg, Kurt B; Evans, Mark F; Wilcox, Rebecca; Lewis, Michael R

2015-12-01

Helicobacter pylori status influences the prognosis and management of gastric extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma), so accurate determination of H pylori status is of clinical importance. The low rate of histologic H pylori positivity among gastric MALT lymphoma cases at our institution prompted investigation for possible causes. A case series of 24 patients as having gastric MALT lymphoma (with no diffuse large B-cell component) in a tertiary care setting between 1997 and 2010 was identified, and clinical records were reviewed. Immunohistochemical staining for H pylori and BCL10 was performed. This study received institutional review board approval (protocol number M13-033). Thirty-nine percent of cases (9/23) were H pylori positive by histology, and 4 additional patients had positive serologic results; overall, 57% of cases (13/23) were positive for H pylori. Treatment with antisecretory medications was associated with a lower likelihood of histologic positivity (13% among treated patients vs 75% among untreated; P = .04). Nuclear localization of BCL10 was seen in 2 cases and was not associated with H pylori status. Antisecretory medications decrease the likelihood of histologic detection of H pylori in gastric MALT lymphoma cases. Incorporation of results of serologic or other testing is needed to ensure correct classification with respect to H pylori status. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Traditional production, consumption and storage of Kunu--a non alcoholic cereal beverage.

PubMed

Gaffa, T; Jideani, I A; Nkama, I

2002-01-01

A survey of the production, consumption and storage of Kunu was carried out. Some of the information included consumption rate, processing techniques and equipment, producer's status and grains used. About 73% consume Kunu daily, 26% occasionally; 1% know it is produced but may or may not be consuming it. Millet (Pennisetum typhoideum), sorghum (Sorghum vulgare), maize (Zea mays), rice (Oryza sativa) and acha (Digitalis exilis) were used in its production in decreasing order of preference. The grains were used singly or combined; sorghum/millet was the most common combination in a ratio of 1:2 (w/w). Steeping was done in ordinary water for 12-72 h, depending on the grain type, in local clay pots, plastic buckets, calabashes or basins or 5-7 h in warm water (60-70 degrees C). The grains were dry or wet milled with or without spices such as ginger, red pepper, black pepper, clove and garlic. Other ingredients introduced included: sweet potatoes, malted rice, malted sorghum and Cadaba farinosa crude extract. Both dry and wet milling was done with grinding mills, mill stones or mortar and pestle, depending on locality. The product was then cooked into a thin free flowing gruel. The various types of kunu were: Kunun zaki, Kunun gyada, Kunun akamu, Kunun tsamiya, Kunun baule, Kunun jiko, Amshau and Kunun gayamba. Kunun zaki was the most commonly consumed. Production and consumption cut across all social classes of the society.

Primary Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma of the Salivary Glands: A Multicenter Rare Cancer Network Study

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Anacak, Yavuz, E-mail: yavuz.anacak@ege.edu.tr; Miller, Robert C.; Constantinou, Nikos

2012-01-01

Purpose: Involvement of salivary glands with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is rare. This retrospective study was performed to assess the clinical profile, treatment outcome, and prognostic factors of MALT lymphoma of the salivary glands. Methods and Materials: Thirteen member centers of the Rare Cancer Network from 10 countries participated, providing data on 63 patients. The median age was 58 years; 47 patients were female and 16 were male. The parotid glands were involved in 49 cases, submandibular in 15, and minor glands in 3. Multiple glands were involved in 9 patients. Staging was as follows: IE in 34, IIEmore » in 12, IIIE in 2, and IV in 15 patients. Results: Surgery (S) alone was performed in 9, radiotherapy (RT) alone in 8, and chemotherapy (CT) alone in 4 patients. Forty-one patients received combined modality treatment (S + RT in 23, S + CT in 8, RT + CT in 4, and all three modalities in 6 patients). No active treatment was given in one case. After initial treatment there was no tumor in 57 patients and residual tumor in 5. Tumor progression was observed in 23 (36.5%) (local in 1, other salivary glands in 10, lymph nodes in 11, and elsewhere in 6). Five patients died of disease progression and the other 5 of other causes. The 5-year disease-free survival, disease-specific survival, and overall survival were 54.4%, 93.2%, and 81.7%, respectively. Factors influencing disease-free survival were use of RT, stage, and residual tumor (p < 0.01). Factors influencing disease-specific survival were stage, recurrence, and residual tumor (p < 0.01). Conclusions: To our knowledge, this report represents the largest series of MALT lymphomas of the salivary glands published to date. This disease may involve all salivary glands either initially or subsequently in 30% of patients. Recurrences may occur in up to 35% of patients at 5 years; however, survival is not affected. Radiotherapy is the only treatment modality that improves disease-free survival.« less

Influence of Cofermentation by Amylolytic Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactococcus lactis Strains on the Fermentation Process and Rheology of Sorghum Porridge

PubMed Central

Byaruhanga, Yusuf B.; Muyanja, Charles M. B. K.; Aijuka, Matthew; Schüller, Reidar B.; Sahlstrøm, Stefan; Langsrud, Thor; Narvhus, Judith A.

2012-01-01

Amylolytic lactic acid bacteria (ALAB) can potentially replace malt in reducing the viscosity of starchy porridges. However, the drawback of using ALAB is their low and delayed amylolytic activity. This necessitates searching for efficient ALAB and strategies to improve their amylolytic activity. Two ALAB, Lactobacillus plantarum MNC 21 and Lactococcus lactis MNC 24, isolated from Obushera, were used to ferment starches in MRS broth: sorghum, millet, sweet potato, and commercial soluble starch. The amylolytic activity of MNC 21 was comparable to that of the ALAB collection strain Lb. plantarum A6, while that of MNC 24 was extremely low. MNC 21, MNC 24, and their coculture were compared to A6 and sorghum malt for ability to ferment and reduce the viscosity of sorghum porridge (11.6% dry matter). ALAB and the coculture lowered the pH from 6.2 to <4.5 within 12 h, while malt as a carrier of wild starter took about 20 h. Coculturing increased lactic acid yield by 46% and 76.8% compared to the yields of MNC 21 and MNC 24 monocultures, respectively. The coculture accumulated significantly larger (P < 0.05) amounts of maltose and diacetyl than the monocultures. Sorghum malt control and the coculture hydrolyzed more starch in sorghum porridge than the monocultures. The coculture initiated changes in the rheological parameters storage modulus (G′), loss modulus (G″), phase angle (δ), and complex viscosity (η*) earlier than its constituent monocultures. The shear viscosity of sorghum porridge was reduced significantly (P < 0.05) from 1950 cP to 110 cP (malt), 281 cP (coculture), 382 cP (MNC 21), 713 cP (MNC 24), and 722 cP (A6). Coculturing strong ALAB with weak ALAB or non-ALAB can be exploited for preparation of nutrient-dense weaning foods and increasing lactic acid yield from starchy materials. PMID:22610432

Influence of cofermentation by amylolytic Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactococcus lactis strains on the fermentation process and rheology of sorghum porridge.

PubMed

Mukisa, Ivan M; Byaruhanga, Yusuf B; Muyanja, Charles M B K; Aijuka, Matthew; Schüller, Reidar B; Sahlstrøm, Stefan; Langsrud, Thor; Narvhus, Judith A

2012-08-01

Amylolytic lactic acid bacteria (ALAB) can potentially replace malt in reducing the viscosity of starchy porridges. However, the drawback of using ALAB is their low and delayed amylolytic activity. This necessitates searching for efficient ALAB and strategies to improve their amylolytic activity. Two ALAB, Lactobacillus plantarum MNC 21 and Lactococcus lactis MNC 24, isolated from Obushera, were used to ferment starches in MRS broth: sorghum, millet, sweet potato, and commercial soluble starch. The amylolytic activity of MNC 21 was comparable to that of the ALAB collection strain Lb. plantarum A6, while that of MNC 24 was extremely low. MNC 21, MNC 24, and their coculture were compared to A6 and sorghum malt for ability to ferment and reduce the viscosity of sorghum porridge (11.6% dry matter). ALAB and the coculture lowered the pH from 6.2 to <4.5 within 12 h, while malt as a carrier of wild starter took about 20 h. Coculturing increased lactic acid yield by 46% and 76.8% compared to the yields of MNC 21 and MNC 24 monocultures, respectively. The coculture accumulated significantly larger (P < 0.05) amounts of maltose and diacetyl than the monocultures. Sorghum malt control and the coculture hydrolyzed more starch in sorghum porridge than the monocultures. The coculture initiated changes in the rheological parameters storage modulus (G'), loss modulus (G″), phase angle (δ), and complex viscosity (η*) earlier than its constituent monocultures. The shear viscosity of sorghum porridge was reduced significantly (P < 0.05) from 1950 cP to 110 cP (malt), 281 cP (coculture), 382 cP (MNC 21), 713 cP (MNC 24), and 722 cP (A6). Coculturing strong ALAB with weak ALAB or non-ALAB can be exploited for preparation of nutrient-dense weaning foods and increasing lactic acid yield from starchy materials.

Antibiotic treatment as sole management of Helicobacter pylori-negative gastric MALT lymphoma: a single center experience with prolonged follow-up.

PubMed

Raderer, Markus; Wöhrer, Stefan; Kiesewetter, Barbara; Dolak, Werner; Lagler, Heimo; Wotherspoon, Andrew; Muellauer, Leonhard; Chott, Andreas

2015-06-01

Relatively little is known about the long-term outcome of patients with Helicobacter pylori (HP)-negative gastric lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) with antibiotic therapy as sole management. We have analyzed all patients with HP-negative gastric MALT lymphoma undergoing antibiotic therapy as sole management of their disease. HP negativity was defined as negative histology, breath test and serology, and response to treatment, survival and long-term outcome was assessed together with clinico-pathological characteristics including t(11; 18) (q21; q21) translocation. Out of 97 patients with gastric MALT lymphoma, 24 were HP-negative, and 13 (5 females and 8 males) underwent only antibiotic management for initial therapy. Eight had stage I and five were found to have stage II disease, with three patients suffering from an underlying autoimmune disease. Antibiotic therapy consisted of standard HP eradication regimens consisting of clarithromycin in all patients, along with metronidazole in seven and amoxicillin in six plus a proton-pump inhibitor. After a median follow-up of 95 months (42-, 181+), 12/13 patients are alive. Six patients with stage I disease achieved an objective response (five complete (CR) and one partial remission, 46 %), four had stable disease (lasting 11-27 months), and three progressed. All patients with stable disease received chemotherapy, but only one patient due to clear cut progression. One patient relapsed 23 months after initial CR, and achieved a second CR with antibiotics now lasting 87 months. These results indicate that a relevant percentage of patients with HP-negative gastric MALT lymphoma may benefit from antibiotic therapy and do not require additional oncological therapies. Our data suggest that the remissions seen in these patients might be durable as evidenced by prolonged follow-up in our series.

Multiparametric flow cytometry in the diagnosis and characterization of low-grade pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas.

PubMed

Zaer, F S; Braylan, R C; Zander, D S; Iturraspe, J A; Almasri, N M

1998-06-01

Primary mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas are rare neoplasms that seem to have a better prognosis than nodal lymphomas. Morphologic diagnosis of these lesions may be difficult because of features that overlap with those of benign lymphoid infiltrates. In this study, we assessed the contribution of multi-parametric flow cytometry in demonstrating clonality and further characterizing pulmonary MALT lymphomas. Based on a clinical or pathologic suspicion of MALT-lymphoma, 3 transbronchial biopsies, 4 fine needle aspirates, 1 core needle biopsy, and 13 wedge excisions of lung were submitted fresh (unfixed) to our laboratory for evaluation. Among the 13 cases diagnosed as MALT lymphomas, B-cell monoclonality was established by identifying expression of a single immunoglobulin light chain on CD20 or CD19-positive cells in 12 cases. One case lacked expression of both light chains on B-cells. Of 11 lymphoma cases in which CD5 and CD10 surface antigens were assessed, no cases expressed CD10, and 1 case demonstrated weak CD5 expression. Nine of 10 cases studied were diploid and 1 case was hyperdiploid. All of the lymphomas displayed low (< or = 3%) S-phase fractions consistent with low grade processes. In 10 patients with short follow-up, none died of their disease and the majority had no evidence of lymphoma dissemination. In seven of the remaining eight cases, B-cells were polyclonal consistent with reactive processes. In one morphologically reactive case, flow cytometric analysis was unsuccessful because of poor cell viability. The pulmonary MALT lymphomas in this study represent a group of B-cell tumors with distinctive morphologic, immunophenotypic, and cell kinetic characteristics. Multi-parametric flow cytometry is useful for confirming B-cell monoclonality and illustrating an antigenic profile compatible with this diagnosis. Flow cytometry can be particularly helpful when working with small biopsies and cytologic samples with limited diagnostic material and may abrogate the need for more aggressive surgical procedures.

Mucosal immunity and probiotics in fish.

PubMed

Lazado, Carlo C; Caipang, Christopher Marlowe A

2014-07-01

Teleost mucosal immunity has become the subject of unprecedented research studies in recent years because of its diversity and defining characteristics. Its immune repertoire is governed by the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT) which are divided into gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT), skin-associated lymphoid tissues (SALT), and gill-associated lymphoid tissues (GIALT). The direct contact with its immediate environment makes the mucosal surfaces of fish susceptible to a wide variety of pathogens. The inherent immunocompetent cells and factors in the mucosal surfaces together with the commensal microbiota have pivotal role against pathogens. Immunomodulation is a popular prophylactic strategy in teleost and probiotics possess this beneficial feature. Most of the studies on the immunomodulatory properties of probiotics in fish mainly discussed their impacts on systemic immunity. In contrast, few of these studies discussed the immunomodulatory features of probiotics in mucosal surfaces and are concentrated on the influences in the gut. Significant attention should be devoted in understanding the relationship of mucosal immunity and probiotics as the present knowledge is limited and are mostly based on extrapolations of studies in humans and terrestrial vertebrates. In the course of the advancement of mucosal immunity and probiotics, new perspectives in probiotics research, e.g., probiogenomics have emerged. This review affirms the relevance of probiotics in the mucosal immunity of fish by revisiting and bridging the current knowledge on teleost mucosal immunity, mucosal microbiota and immunomodulation of mucosal surfaces by probiotics. Expanding the knowledge of immunomodulatory properties of probiotics especially on mucosal immunity is essential in advancing the use of probiotics as a sustainable and viable strategy for successful fish husbandry. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Translocation of Helicobacter pylori CagA into Gastric Epithelial Cells by Type IV Secretion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Odenbreit, Stefan; Püls, Jürgen; Sedlmaier, Bettina; Gerland, Elke; Fischer, Wolfgang; Haas, Rainer

2000-02-01

The Gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori is a causative agent of gastritis and peptic ulcer disease in humans. Strains producing the CagA antigen (cagA+) induce strong gastric inflammation and are strongly associated with gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma. We show here that such strains translocate the bacterial protein CagA into gastric epithelial cells by a type IV secretion system, encoded by the cag pathogenicity island. CagA is tyrosine-phosphorylated and induces changes in the tyrosine phosphorylation state of distinct cellular proteins. Modulation of host cells by bacterial protein translocation adds a new dimension to the chronic Helicobacter infection with yet unknown consequences.

β-d-Glucosidase as "key enzyme" for sorghum cyanogenic glucoside (dhurrin) removal and beer bioflavouring.

PubMed

Tokpohozin, Sedjro Emile; Fischer, Susann; Sacher, Bertram; Becker, Thomas

2016-11-01

Sorghum malt used during African beer processing contains a high level of cyanogenic glucoside (dhurrin), up to 1375 ppm. In traditional sorghum malting and mashing, dhurrin is not sufficiently hydrolyzed due to uncontrolled germination and a high gelatinization temperature. The cyanide content of traditional African beers (11 ppm) is higher than the minimum dose (1 ppm) required to form carcinogenic ethyl carbamate during alcoholic fermentation. In the detoxification process, aryl-β-d-glucosidase (dhurrinase) is the "key component". For significant dhurrin hydrolysis during mashing, optimizing dhurrinase synthesis during malting is a good solution to reduce dhurrin completely to below the harmful dose in the sorghum wort. Lactic acid bacteria which exhibit aryl-β-d-glucosidase prior to alcoholic fermentation may help to reduce ethyl carbamate content in alcoholic beverages. Moreover, some specific β-d-glucosidases have a dual property, being able to cleave and synthesize glucosides bonds and thereby generating good precursors for beer bioflavouring. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A comparative assessment of antioxidant properties, total phenolic content of einkorn, wheat, barley and their malts.

PubMed

Fogarasi, Attila-Levente; Kun, Szilárd; Tankó, Gabriella; Stefanovits-Bányai, Eva; Hegyesné-Vecseri, Beáta

2015-01-15

Two einkorn wheat, one barley, three optional winter cultivation wheat and five winter cultivation wheat samples harvested in Hungary in 2011, and their malts were evaluated for their DPPH radical and ABTS radical cation scavenging activity, ferric reduction capacity (FRAP) and total phenolic content (TPC). All einkorn and barley samples exhibited significant antioxidant activities determined by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. The einkorn samples show higher polyphenol content than the other wheat samples. In all cases the barley sample had the highest antioxidant potential and polyphenol content. The einkorn malts had high DPPH and ABTS radical cation scavenging activities, but the phenolic content was lower against wheat samples. There was significant difference between the antioxidant potential of optional and winter cultivation wheat samples except on ABTS scavenging activities. Einkorn wheat is potentially a new raw material to produce organic beer that might have beneficial effects with its increased antioxidant potential. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Structural changes of malt proteins during boiling.

PubMed

Jin, Bei; Li, Lin; Liu, Guo-Qin; Li, Bing; Zhu, Yu-Kui; Liao, Liao-Ning

2009-03-09

Changes in the physicochemical properties and structure of proteins derived from two malt varieties (Baudin and Guangmai) during wort boiling were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, SDS-PAGE, two-dimensional electrophoresis, gel filtration chromatography and circular dichroism spectroscopy. The results showed that both protein content and amino acid composition changed only slightly during boiling, and that boiling might cause a gradual unfolding of protein structures, as indicated by the decrease in surface hydrophobicity and free sulfhydryl content and enthalpy value, as well as reduced alpha-helix contents and markedly increased random coil contents. It was also found that major component of both worts was a boiling-resistant protein with a molecular mass of 40 kDa, and that according to the two-dimensional electrophoresis and SE-HPLC analyses, a small amount of soluble aggregates might be formed via hydrophobic interactions. It was thus concluded that changes of protein structure caused by boiling that might influence beer quality are largely independent of malt variety.

Emerging role of infectious etiologies in the pathogenesis of marginal zone B-cell lymphomas.

PubMed

Zucca, Emanuele; Bertoni, Francesco; Vannata, Barbara; Cavalli, Franco

2014-10-15

Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) arise from lymphoid populations that are induced by chronic inflammation in extranodal sites. The most frequently affected organ is the stomach, where MALT lymphoma is incontrovertibly associated with a chronic gastritis induced by a microbial pathogen, Helicobacter pylori. Gastric MALT lymphoma therefore represents a paradigm for evaluating inflammation-associated lymphomagenesis, which may lead to a deeper understanding of a possible etiologic association between other microorganisms and nongastric marginal zone lymphomas. Besides infectious etiology, chronic inflammation caused by autoimmune diseases, such as Sjögren syndrome or Hashimoto thyroiditis, can also carry a significant risk factor for the development of marginal zone lymphoma. In addition to the continuous antigenic drive, additional oncogenic events play a relevant role in lymphoma growth and progression to the point at which the lymphoproliferative process may eventually become independent of antigenic stimulation. Recent studies on MALT lymphomas have in fact demonstrated genetic alterations affecting the NF-κB) pathway, a major signaling pathway involved in many cancers. This review aims to present marginal zone lymphoma as an example of the close pathogenetic link between chronic inflammation and tumor development, with particular attention to the role of infectious agents and the integration of these observations into everyday clinical practice. See all articles in this CCR Focus section, "Paradigm Shifts in Lymphoma." ©2014 American Association for Cancer Research.

Exclusive moderate-dose radiotherapy in gastric marginal zone B-cell MALT lymphoma: Results of a prospective study with a long term follow-up.

PubMed

Ruskoné-Fourmestraux, Agnès; Matysiak-Budnik, Tamara; Fabiani, Bettina; Cervera, Pascale; Brixi, Hedia; Le Malicot, Karine; Nion-Larmurier, Isabelle; Fléjou, Jean-Fançois; Hennequin, Christophe; Quéro, Laurent

2015-10-01

In gastric MALT lymphomas persisting after Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication, a treatment by moderate-dose radiotherapy (RT) has been proposed but its efficacy has not been confirmed in large prospective series with long term endoscopic follow-up. Patients with localised gastric MALT lymphoma persisting after H. pylori eradication were offered moderate-dose RT (30Gy, 2Gy/fraction) and followed with annual endoscopies. All biopsies before and after RT were reviewed by a committee of pathologists. From 1995 to 2011, out of the 232 patients followed prospectively, 53 received RT for persistence of lymphoma after H. pylori eradication: either macroscopic ulcer (n=31), or microscopic lymphomatous infiltrate (n=22), after a mean follow-up of 12 and 31months, respectively. All lymphomas were localised (45 stage IE and 8 stage IIE) and 38 (72%) were H. pylori-positive. The mean clinical and endoscopic follow-up from diagnosis was 7.6years (2.2-19.1). No acute or late toxicity occurred. A complete remission was achieved in all patients but one (98%) with no relapse after a median follow-up of 4.9years (1.3-16.6) after completion of RT. Overall survival and 5-year disease specific survival were 94% and 100%, respectively. One patient died of gastric adenocarcinoma. Moderate-dose RT (30Gy) is effective and safe for localised gastric MALT lymphoma persisting after H. pylori eradication. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Treatment of gastric marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone.

PubMed

Aguiar-Bujanda, David; Llorca-Mártinez, Ignacio; Rivero-Vera, José C; Blanco-Sánchez, María J; Jiménez-Gallego, Pedro; Mori-De Santiago, Marta; Limeres-Gonzalez, Miguel A; Cabrera-Marrero, José C; Hernández-Sosa, María; Galván-Ruíz, Saray; Hernández-Sarmiento, Samuel; Saura Grau, Salvador; Bohn-Sarmiento, Uriel

2014-09-01

There is no standard treatment for patients with gastric marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) who are resistant to, or ineligible for, anti-Helicobacter pylori (anti-HP) therapy. In this study, we investigated the activity of the rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone (R-CVP) regimen in patients with gastric MALT lymphoma. Patients were included provided they had untreated gastric MALT lymphoma (except for anti-HP therapy) and were resistant to, or ineligible for, anti-HP therapy. Treatment plan consisted of six to eight 21-day cycles of the R-CVP chemotherapy regimen. Toxicity, response, relapse and survival were evaluated. Twenty patients (12 women and 8 men) were included in the analyses with median age of 59 years. Thirteen patients (65%) had stage I tumours, and seven patients (35%) had stages II-IV tumours. The overall response rate was 100%, with 19 (95%) complete responses and one (5%) partial response. Regimen toxicity was mild and mainly hematological, and no cases of gastric bleeding or perforation occurred. After a median follow-up of 56.3 months, three patients had relapsed, and 19 patients remained alive (specific lymphoma survival 100%), of whom 17 had no evidence of disease. In our experience, the R-CVP regimen is a well-tolerated and effective treatment for patients with gastric MALT lymphoma who are resistant to, or ineligible for, anti-HP therapy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Radiotherapy for localized gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: long-term outcomes over 10 years.

PubMed

Ohkubo, Yu; Saito, Yoshihiro; Ushijima, Hiroki; Onishi, Masahiro; Kazumoto, Tomoko; Saitoh, Jun-Ichi; Kubota, Nobuko; Kobayashi, Hirofumi; Maseki, Nobuo; Nishimura, Yu; Kurosumi, Masafumi

2017-07-01

This study aimed to assess the long-term outcomes of radiotherapy in patients with localized gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Twenty-seven patients with Stage I gastric MALT lymphoma were treated with radiotherapy from 1999 to 2010. The median age was 65 years (range: 31-84). Fifteen patients were Helicobacter pylori-negative. Thirteen patients were treated with definitive radiotherapy alone. The other 14 patients who had refractory or residual disease following a prior treatment received salvage radiotherapy. The median dose of the radiotherapy was 30 Gy in 20 fractions (range: 30-39.5 Gy). The median follow-up period was 121 months (range: 8-176 months). The 5- and 10-year overall survival rates for all patients were 92% and 87%, respectively. No patients died from MALT lymphoma. Three patients died of other diseases at 8, 33 and 74 months after radiotherapy (myocardial infarction, pneumonia and hepatocellular carcinoma, respectively). No cases of local recurrence were observed during the follow-up period. There were no serious late gastric, liver or kidney complications during a median follow-up period of over 10 years. Two patients remain alive with distant metastases: a lung metastasis and an abdominal lymph node metastasis at 104 months and 21 months after radiotherapy, respectively. Excellent long-term local control was observed in patients with localized gastric MALT lymphoma after radiotherapy. However, lifelong follow-up should be conducted to detect cases of late recurrence, especially distant metastases. © Oxford University Press 2017.

Parallel Olfactory Processing in the Honey Bee Brain: Odor Learning and Generalization under Selective Lesion of a Projection Neuron Tract

PubMed Central

Carcaud, Julie; Giurfa, Martin; Sandoz, Jean Christophe

2016-01-01

The function of parallel neural processing is a fundamental problem in Neuroscience, as it is found across sensory modalities and evolutionary lineages, from insects to humans. Recently, parallel processing has attracted increased attention in the olfactory domain, with the demonstration in both insects and mammals that different populations of second-order neurons encode and/or process odorant information differently. Among insects, Hymenoptera present a striking olfactory system with a clear neural dichotomy from the periphery to higher-order centers, based on two main tracts of second-order (projection) neurons: the medial and lateral antennal lobe tracts (m-ALT and l-ALT). To unravel the functional role of these two pathways, we combined specific lesions of the m-ALT tract with behavioral experiments, using the classical conditioning of the proboscis extension response (PER conditioning). Lesioned and intact bees had to learn to associate an odorant (1-nonanol) with sucrose. Then the bees were subjected to a generalization procedure with a range of odorants differing in terms of their carbon chain length or functional group. We show that m-ALT lesion strongly affects acquisition of an odor-sucrose association. However, lesioned bees that still learned the association showed a normal gradient of decreasing generalization responses to increasingly dissimilar odorants. Generalization responses could be predicted to some extent by in vivo calcium imaging recordings of l-ALT neurons. The m-ALT pathway therefore seems necessary for normal classical olfactory conditioning performance. PMID:26834589

MaLT - Combined Motor and Language Therapy Tool for Brain Injury Patients Using Kinect.

PubMed

Wairagkar, Maitreyee; McCrindle, Rachel; Robson, Holly; Meteyard, Lotte; Sperrin, Malcom; Smith, Andy; Pugh, Moyra

2017-03-23

The functional connectivity and structural proximity of elements of the language and motor systems result in frequent co-morbidity post brain injury. Although rehabilitation services are becoming increasingly multidisciplinary and "integrated", treatment for language and motor functions often occurs in isolation. Thus, behavioural therapies which promote neural reorganisation do not reflect the high intersystem connectivity of the neurologically intact brain. As such, there is a pressing need for rehabilitation tools which better reflect and target the impaired cognitive networks. The objective of this research is to develop a combined high dosage therapy tool for language and motor rehabilitation. The rehabilitation therapy tool developed, MaLT (Motor and Language Therapy), comprises a suite of computer games targeting both language and motor therapy that use the Kinect sensor as an interaction device. The games developed are intended for use in the home environment over prolonged periods of time. In order to track patients' engagement with the games and their rehabilitation progress, the game records patient performance data for the therapist to interrogate. MaLT incorporates Kinect-based games, a database of objects and language parameters, and a reporting tool for therapists. Games have been developed that target four major language therapy tasks involving single word comprehension, initial phoneme identification, rhyme identification and a naming task. These tasks have 8 levels each increasing in difficulty. A database of 750 objects is used to programmatically generate appropriate questions for the game, providing both targeted therapy and unique gameplay every time. The design of the games has been informed by therapists and by discussions with a Public Patient Involvement (PPI) group. Pilot MaLT trials have been conducted with three stroke survivors for the duration of 6 to 8 weeks. Patients' performance is monitored through MaLT's reporting facility presented as graphs plotted from patient game data. Performance indicators include reaction time, accuracy, number of incorrect responses and hand use. The resultant games have also been tested by the PPI with a positive response and further suggestions for future modifications made. MaLT provides a tool that innovatively combines motor and language therapy for high dosage rehabilitation in the home. It has demonstrated that motion sensor technology can be successfully combined with a language therapy task to target both upper limb and linguistic impairment in patients following brain injury. The initial studies on stroke survivors have demonstrated that the combined therapy approach is viable and the outputs of this study will inform planned larger scale future trials.

The transfer of {sup 137}Cs from barley to beer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Proehl, G.; Mueller, H.; Voigt, G.

Beer has been brewed from barley contaminated with {sup 137}Cs as a consequence of the Chernobyl accident. The {sup 137}Cs activity has been measured in all intermediate steps and in the by-products of the production process. About 35 % of the {sup 137}Cs in barley were recovered in beer. Processing factors defined as the concentration ratio of processed and raw products were determined to be 0.61, 3.3, 0.1 and 0.11 for malt, malt germs, spent grains and beer, respectively. 4 refs., 2 tabs.

Re-Os dating of maltenes and asphaltenes within single samples of crude oil

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Georgiev, Svetoslav V.; Stein, Holly J.; Hannah, Judith L.; Galimberti, Roberto; Nali, Micaela; Yang, Gang; Zimmerman, Aaron

2016-04-01

Re-Os geochronology of oil may constrain the timing of oil formation and improve oil-source and oil-oil correlations. Typically, asphaltene (ASPH), the heaviest and most Re-Os rich oil fraction, from multiple oils within an oil field or a larger petroleum system are analyzed to obtain sufficient spread in Re-Os isotopic ratios, a mathematical necessity for precise Re-Os isochrons. Here we offer a new approach for Re-Os geochronology of oil based on isotopic analyses of different fractions within a single sample of crude oil. We studied three oils from the Gela oil field, southern Sicily, Italy, recovered from Triassic-Jurassic stratigraphic intervals (Streppenosa, Noto, and Sciacca Formations) within the Gela-1 well. ASPH (insoluble in n-alkane) and maltene (MALT, soluble in n-alkane) fractions of oil were separated using n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane and n-decane solvents. The ASPH contents of the Sciacca and Noto oils (26-33 wt%) are notably higher compared to the Streppenosa oil (7-12 wt% ASPH). We present an optimized Re-Os procedure with sample digestion in a high-pressure asher, followed by isotopic measurements using negative thermal ionization mass spectrometry. Very high metal contents of Gela oils allowed acquisition of precise Re-Os data. Systematic variations between the type of solvent used for ASPH precipitation and the ASPH content of the oil (also known from the literature) and the Re-Os contents of the ASPH and MALT fractions (first observed in this study) provide important practical applications for Re-Os analyses of oil. Most Re and Os (∼96-98%) in the Noto oil are hosted in the ASPH fraction. In contrast, a significant portion of Re and Os (∼33-34%) is stored in the MALT fraction of the lighter, but heavily biodegraded Streppenosa oil. Collectively, our new data on alkane distribution, hopane and sterane biomarkers, major and trace element contents, and Re-Os concentrations and isotopic ratios of the oils and their fractions support the presence of two oil families. Streppenosa oil, a heavily biodegraded oil generated at an early stage of thermal maturation from a shaly source rock, is clearly distinct from the Noto and Sciacca oils, both generated at peak maturation from a carbonate source rock with no subsequent biodegradation. Two Re-Os ages were obtained. Crude oil and ASPH from Noto and Sciacca oil yield a Model 1 isochron age of 27.5 ± 4.6 Ma with an initial 187Os/188Os of 3.89 ± 0.43 (MSWD = 1.6, n = 19). We interpret this Oligocene age as the time of initial oil generation, that was probably related to the onset of regional collisional tectonics in southern Sicily. ASPH and crude oil from the Streppenosa oil yield scattered data, perhaps related to effects of biodegradation. Streppenosa MALT yield a Model 1 age of 200.0 ± 5.2 Ma and initial 187Os/188Os of 1.39 ± 0.11 (MSWD = 0.52; n = 4). This age and initial Os-isotopic composition are consistent with rapid oil generation shortly after Late Triassic source-rock formation, perhaps driven by magmatic-related heating. Here we document a potentially powerful geochronological tool that can be applied to single samples of crude oil. Within each oil, the 187Os/188Os and most of the 187Re/188Os ratios in the MALT fractions are lower than in the corresponding ASPH fractions. Crude oils, being physical mixtures of ASPH and MALT, have intermediate Re-Os isotopic ratios. Hence, the needed spread in data points for a Re-Os isochron is obtained by analyzing components of a single crude oil. This approach eliminates pitfalls in interpretation of Re-Os data from multiple oils with possibly different generation, migration, or reservoir modification history.

Pretreatment of different food rest materials for bioconversion into fungal lipid-rich biomass.

PubMed

Tzimorotas, D; Afseth, N K; Lindberg, D; Kjørlaug, O; Axelsson, L; Shapaval, V

2018-04-13

Food rest materials have the potential to be used as media components in various types of fermentations. Oleaginous filamentous fungi can utilize those components and generate a high-value lipid-rich biomass, which could be further used for animal and human use. One of the main limitations in this process is the pretreatment of food rest materials, needed to provide homogenization, sterilization and solubilization. In this study, two pretreatment processes-steam explosion and enzymatic hydrolysis-were evaluated for potato and animal protein-rich food rest materials. The pretreated food rest materials were used for the production of fungal lipid-rich biomass in submerged fermentation by the oleaginous fungus Mucor circinelloides. Cultivation media based on malt extract broth and glucose were used as controls of growth and lipid production, respectively. It was observed that media based on food rest materials can support growth and lipid production in M. circinelloides to a similar extent as the control media. More specifically, the use of potato hydrolysate combined with chicken auto-hydrolysate resulted in a higher fungal total biomass weight than using malt extract broth. When the same C/N ratio was used for glucose and rest materials-based media, similar lipid content was obtained or even higher using the latter media.

Iterating between Lessons on Concepts and Procedures Can Improve Mathematics Knowledge

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rittle-Johnson, Bethany; Koedinger, Kenneth

2009-01-01

Background: Knowledge of concepts and procedures seems to develop in an iterative fashion, with increases in one type of knowledge leading to increases in the other type of knowledge. This suggests that iterating between lessons on concepts and procedures may improve learning. Aims: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the…

Feeding value of different levels of malt sprout and katikala atella on nutrient utilization and growth performance of sheep fed basal diet of Rhodes grass hay.

PubMed

Nurfeta, Ajebu; Abdu, Yunus

2014-03-01

Nonconventional agro-industrial by-products such as traditional liquor residues (locally called katikala atella) are widely used by livestock farmers in Ethiopia. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the supplementary value of katikala atella and malt sprout (MS) on performance of sheep fed a basal diet of Rhodes grass hay. Thirty intact yearling male sheep with an average initial body weight of 17.4 ± 0.74 kg (mean ± SD) were assigned to the treatments in a completely randomized block design: atella alone (T1), 75 % atella + 25 % malt sprout (MS) (T2), 50 % atella + 50 % MS (T3), 25 % atella + 75 % MS (T4), MS alone (T5), and Rhodes grass hay alone (T6). Grass hay was fed ad libitum to all treatments. The total dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) intakes of sheep fed T4, T5, and T3 diets were the highest (P < 0.05), while sheep receiving T6 had the lowest DM intake. The highest (P < 0.05) total crude protein (CP) intake was for sheep fed T5 diet, while the lowest was for those fed T6 diet. Sheep receiving T3 diet had higher (P < 0.05) DM, OM, CP, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility as compared with those fed T1, T2, and T6 diets. Sheep supplemented with 50-100 % malt sprout had similar (P > 0.05) DM, OM, CP, NDF, and ADF digestibility. The highest (P < 0.05) average daily gain was for sheep fed T3, T4, and T5 diets, while sheep in T6 lost body weight. Sheep fed T5 diet had the highest (P < 0.05) nitrogen retention, while those fed T6 diet had the lowest. The study has shown that a mixture diet consisting of equal parts of katikala atella and malt sprout (T3) are found to be superior in most of the required nutrient characteristics.

[The clinical characteristics and prognostic analysis of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of 103 cases].

PubMed

Li, Xiao-wu; Xia, Bing; Guo, Qing; Jin, Xin; Yu, Yong; Zhao, Zhi-gang; Wang, Xiao-fang; Wang, Ya-fei; Zhang, Yi-zhuo

2012-10-01

To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of the patients with gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. The clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of 103 gastric MALT lymphoma patients admitted to our hospital from April 2001 to August 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. The onset of gastric MALT lymphoma was often insidious without specific clinical manifestation, the most common complaints were abdominal pain or discomfort, weight loss, poor appetite, nausea and vomiting. According to Musshoff staging system, 75(72.8%) patients were at early stages (I/II) and 28 (27.2%) patients at advanced stages (III/IV). There was no significant difference in five-year overall survival (OS) between the patients in surgery group and non-surgery group (60.4% vs 78.9%, respectively, P = 0072), while there was statistical difference in five-year progression-free survival (PFS) between the two groups (31.7% vs 52.8%, respectively, P = 0.023). Helicobacter pylori (Hp) was detected in 94 patients (91.2%). Anti-Hp treatment was effective with 100% overall response rate. In 94 patients with complete follow-up data, the 5-year OS rate was 75%, 5-year PFS rate was 46%. Univariate survival analysis showed that the B symptoms, Musshoff staging, performance staging, stage-modified IPI, levels of LDH, nodal involvement and levels of β(2)-microglobulin were correlated with OS and PFS (P < 0.05). The Cox regression analysis showed that Musshoff-III/IV stage, stage-modified IPI score > 2 and B symptoms were independent factor for OS (P < 0.05), whereas Musshoff-III/IV stage was independent factor for PFS (P = 0.027). The gastric MALT lymphoma had a favorable outcome with high OS rate. The anti-Hp therapy was an effective treatment for the gastric MALT lymphoma, which avoid the surgical trauma and improve the quality of life. The prognostic analysis showed that Musshoff staging, B symptoms or stage-modified IPI score were independent factors for OS and Musshoff staging was also an independent factor for PFS.

18F-FDG PET/CT in gastric MALT lymphoma: a bicentric experience.

PubMed

Albano, Domenico; Bertoli, Mattia; Ferro, Paola; Fallanca, Federico; Gianolli, Luigi; Picchio, Maria; Giubbini, Raffaele; Bertagna, Francesco

2017-04-01

The role of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in evaluating gastric MALT lymphoma is still controversial. In the literature the detection rate of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in patients with gastric MALT lymphoma is variable, and the reason for this heterogeneity is not still clear. Our aim was to investigate the particular metabolic behavior of these lymphoma. Sixty-nine patients (26 female, 43 male) with histologically confirmed gastric MALT lymphoma who underwent a 18F-FDG-PET/CT for initial staging from two centers were included. The PET images were analyzed visually and semi-quantitatively by measuring the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), lesion-to-liver SUVmax ratio, and lesion-to-blood pool SUVmax ratio and compared with Ann Arbor stage, epidemiological (age, sex), histological (presence of gastritis, ulcer, H. pylori infection, plasmacytic differentiation, Ki-67 index), and morphological (tumor size, superficial lesions or mass-forming) characteristics. Thirty-six patients (52 %) had positive PET/CT (average SUVmax was 9±6.7; lesion-to-liver SUVmax ratio 3.7±2.6, lesion-to-blood pool SUVmax ratio 4.8±3.3) at the corresponding gastric lesion; the remaining 33 were not 18F-FDG-avid. In the univariate analysis, 18F-FDG avidity was significantly associated with morphological features (mass forming p<0.001 and high maximum diameter p<0.001), Ann Arbor stage (p=0.010), and Ki67 index (p<0.001) and not correlated with age, sex, presence of gastritis, ulcer, Helicobacter pylori infection, and plasmacytic differentiation. In the multivariate analysis, the correlations with gross morphological appearance, Ann Arbor stage, and Ki-67 score were confirmed. SUVmax, lesion-to-liver SUVmax ratio, and lesion-to-blood pool SUVmax ratio correlated significantly only with Ki67 index (p=0.047; p=0.012; p=0.042). 18F-FDG avidity was noted in 52 % of gastric MALT lymphoma and this avidity is correlated with gross morphological characteristics, tumor stage, and Ki-67 index. SUVmax, lesion-to-liver SUVmax ratio, and lesion-to-blood pool SUVmax ratio are correlated only with Ki-67 index, and only lesion-to-liver SUVmax ratio was independently associated with Ki-67 score.

Multigene methylation analysis of ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma and their relationship to Chlamydophila psittaci infection and clinical characteristics in South Korea.

PubMed

Choung, Ho-Kyung; Kim, Young A; Lee, Min Joung; Kim, Namju; Khwarg, Sang In

2012-04-06

We investigated the aberrant promoter methylation status of known or suspected tumor suppressor genes in ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL) and the possible association with clinical characteristics and Chlamydophila psittaci infection. Thirty-five cases of ocular adnexal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma cases were examined for the methylation status of nine genes using methylation-specific PCR and for the detection of C. psittaci DNA using PCR. The medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics including the response of the lymphoma to the therapy, and C. psittaci infection status were evaluated for possible association with methylation frequencies. CpG island methylation in nine genes was variously found as follows; DAPK (94.3%), ECAD (77.1%), MT1G (48.6%), THBS1 (37.1%), RAR-β (31.4%), p16 (20%), MGMT (5.7%), p14 (0%), and RASSF1A (0%). Methylation was not observed in any of 13 control cases. C. psittaci DNA was observed in 25 (75.8%) of 33 patients with available tumor tissues, and ECAD hypermethylation was significantly higher in C. psittaci-positive cases (P = 0.041). Promoter hypermethylation status was not correlated with clinical characteristics. Aberrant CpG island methylation of tumor suppressor genes is a frequent event in ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma. In particular, high frequencies of DAPK and ECAD methylation may be strongly correlated with ocular adnexal MALT lymphomagenesis in South Korea. Furthermore, ECAD hypermethylation is closely associated with C. psittaci infection, which may shed light on the mechanisms of bacterium-induced oncogenesis.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hata, Masaharu, E-mail: mhata@syd.odn.ne.jp; Omura, Motoko; Koike, Izumi

Purpose: Among extranodal lymphomas, orbital mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a relatively rare presentation. We performed a review to ascertain treatment efficacy and toxicity of radiation therapy for orbital MALT lymphoma. We also evaluated changes in visual acuity after irradiation. Methods and Materials: Thirty patients with orbital MALT lymphoma underwent radiation therapy with curative intent. Clinical stages at diagnosis were stage I{sub E}A in 29 patients and stage II{sub E}A in 1 patient. Total doses of 28.8 to 45.8 Gy (median, 30 Gy) in 15 to 26 fractions (median, 16 fractions) were delivered to the tumors. Results: All irradiatedmore » tumors were controlled during the follow-up period of 2 to 157 months (median, 35 months) after treatment. Two patients had relapses that arose in the cervical lymph node and the ipsilateral palpebral conjunctiva outside the radiation field at 15 and 67 months after treatment, respectively. The 5-year local progression-free and relapse-free rates were 100% and 96%, respectively. All 30 patients are presently alive; the overall and relapse-free survival rates at 5 years were 100% and 96%, respectively. Although 5 patients developed cataracts of grade 2 at 8 to 45 months after irradiation, they underwent intraocular lens implantation, and their eyesight recovered. Additionally, there was no marked deterioration in the visual acuity of patients due to irradiation, with the exception of cataracts. No therapy-related toxicity of grade 3 or greater was observed. Conclusions: Radiation therapy was effective and safe for patients with orbital MALT lymphoma. Although some patients developed cataracts after irradiation, visual acuity was well preserved.« less

Partial purification of saccharifying and cell wall-hydrolyzing enzymes from malt in waste from beer fermentation broth.

PubMed

Khattak, Waleed Ahmad; Kang, Minkyung; Ul-Islam, Mazhar; Park, Joong Kon

2013-06-01

A number of hydrolyzing enzymes that are secreted from malt during brewing, including cell wall-hydrolyzing, saccharide-hydrolyzing, protein-degrading, lipid-hydrolyzing, and polyphenol and thiol-hydrolyzing enzymes, are expected to exist in an active form in waste from beer fermentation broth (WBFB). In this study, the existence of these enzymes was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, after which enzyme extract was partially purified through a series of purification steps. The hydrolyzing enzyme activity was then measured under various conditions at each purification step using carboxymethyl cellulose as a substrate. The best hydrolyzing activities of partially purified enzymes were found at pH 4.5 and 50 °C in a citrate buffer system. The enzymes showed highest thermal stability at 30 °C when exposed for prolonged time. As the temperature increased gradually from 25 to 70 °C, yeast cells in the chemically defined medium with enzyme extract lost their cell wall and viability earlier than those without enzyme extract. Cell wall degradation and the release of cell matrix into the culture media at elevated temperature (45-70 °C) in the presence of enzyme extract were monitored through microscopic pictures. Saccharification enzymes from malt were relatively more active in the original WBFB than supernatant and diluted sediments. The presence of hydrolyzing enzymes from malt in WBFB is expected to play a role in bioethanol production using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation without the need for additional enzymes, nutrients, or microbial cells via a cell-free enzyme system.

Flow cytometry in the differential diagnostics of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and MALT lymphoma of the thyroid.

PubMed

Adamczewski, Zbigniew; Stasiołek, Mariusz; Dedecjus, Marek; Smolewski, Piotr; Lewiński, Andrzej

2015-01-01

A combination of traditional cytology methods with fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) material is considered a powerful diagnostic tool in the differential diagnosis of thyroid lesions suspected of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT-L). The aim of this study was to demonstrate the FACS-based diagnostic process of thyroid lesions in a clinical situation where ultrasound and cytological examinations did not allow differentiation between Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and MALT-L. The patients analysed in this study presented significantly different clinical courses of thyroid disease: quickly enlarging painless tumour of the thyroid right lobe in the first case, and chronic HT with palpable tumour in the thyroid isthmus in the second patient. Due to the suspicion of MALT-L resulting from indeterminate ultrasound and FNAB-cytology results, FNAB material was obtained from all the previously examined thyroid lesions and directly subjected to FACS assessment, encompassing κ/λ light chain restriction analysis, as well as measurements of B and T cell surface antigens. The FACS analysis of FNAB material obtained from our patients did not show any definite signs of light chain restriction. Although one of the samples showed a borderline value of κ/λ ratio (κ/λ = 0.31), further immunophenotyping confirmed clonal expansion in none of the examined thyroid regions. Histopathological findings documented the diagnosis of HT in both clinical cases. We believe that FACS represents a useful and reliable complementary diagnostic measure in FNAB-based differential diagnosis of lymphoproliferative thyroid disorders.

Prevalence and Implications of Bone Marrow Involvement in Patients with Gastric Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma

PubMed Central

Choi, Sang Il; Kook, Myeong-Cherl; Hwang, Sanghyun; Kim, Young-Il; Lee, Jong Yeul; Kim, Chan Gyoo; Choi, Il Ju; Lee, Hyewon; Eom, Hyeon Seok

2018-01-01

Background/Aims Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the stomach is an uncommon disease. Bone marrow involvement is reported even in patients with only a mucosal lesion. We evaluated the prevalence and risk factors of marrow involvement and its implications for diagnosis and treatment. Methods In total, 132 patients who were diagnosed with gastric MALT lymphoma at the National Cancer Center in Korea between January 2001 and December 2016 were enrolled in the study. The patient data were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results Of the 132 patients, 47 (35.6%) were male, with a median age of 52 years (range, 17 to 81 years). The median follow-up duration was 48.8 months (range, 0.5 to 169.9 months). Helicobacter pylori infection was detected in 82 patients (62.1%). Most patients (80.3%) had stage IE1 according to the modified Ann Arbor staging system. Ninety-two patients underwent bone marrow evaluation, and four patients (4.3%) had marrow involvement. Of these patients, one presented with abdominal lymph node involvement, while the other three had stage IE1 disease if marrow involvement was disregarded. All three patients had no significant symptoms and were monitored after local treatment without evidence of disease aggravation. Conclusions Bone marrow involvement was found in 4.3% of the patients with gastric MALT lymphoma. Bone marrow examination may be deferred because marrow involvement does not change the treatment options or outcome in gastric MALT lymphoma confined to the stomach wall. PMID:29409307

Paediatric and adolescent elevated conjunctival lesions in the plical area: lymphoma or reactive lymphoid hyperplasia?

PubMed

Beykin, Gala; Pe'er, Jacob; Amir, Gail; Frenkel, Shahar

2014-05-01

To report clinical, histopathological and molecular features of 'salmon patch'-like conjunctival lesions in paediatric and adolescent patients, and discuss management of these patients and outcome. Patients who presented between 2000 and 2011 with a conjunctival 'salmon-patch'-like lesion in the plical area, were identified by chart review. Clinical parameters, demographic characteristics and details of ophthalmic imaging were collected, and the effect of treatment examined. Eleven patients aged 6-21 years, presented with an elevated pink conjunctival mass in the plical area of one or both eyes. Nine patients underwent an excisional biopsy that histopathologically disclosed extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (also termed 'MALT lymphoma') in two cases and reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) in seven cases. Molecular diagnosis showed polyclonal B cells in six patients, monoclonal B cells in two patients, and a questionable status in one patient. Systemic examination disclosed localised ocular adnexal disease in the patients with MALT lymphoma, and none had either local or systemic recurrence during follow-up. Two other patients were treated with antiallergic medication with resolution of the lesion, and were therefore diagnosed clinically with RLH. It is clinically difficult to differentiate between conjunctival RLH and MALT lymphoma in the paediatric and adolescent population. Both lesions are rare in this age group, particularly MALT lymphoma. Molecular analysis of excised lesions does not always correlate with histopathology. A short treatment course with antiallergic drops may sometimes assist diagnosis without compromising the patients due to the indolent nature of lymphoma in that area.

Yield, Quality, and Nutrient Concentrations of Strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch. cv. 'Sonata') Grown with Different Organic Fertilizer Strategies.

PubMed

Pokhrel, Bhaniswor; Laursen, Kristian Holst; Petersen, Karen Koefoed

2015-06-17

Four combinations of two solid organic fertilizers (Monterra Malt and chicken manure) applied before planting and two liquid organic fertilizers (broad bean and Pioner Hi-Fruit/K-Max) given through drip irrigation (fertigation) were compared with inorganic fertilization regarding growth, yield, nutrient concentration, and fruit quality of strawberries. Broad bean fertigation combined with Monterra Malt resulted in a similar fruit yield as inorganic fertilizer and a higher yield than Monterra Malt combined with Pioner; however, total soluble solids, firmness, and titratable acid were improved with Pioner fertigation, although these parameters were more affected by harvest time than the applied fertilizers. The concentrations of most nutrients in fruits and leaves were higher in inorganically fertigated plants. The reductions in fruit yield in three of four treatments and fruit weight in all organic treatments may be due to a combination of the following conditions in the root zone: (1) high pH and high NH4(+)/NO3(-) ratio; (2) high EC and/or high NaCl concentration; (3) cation imbalance; and (4) nutrient deficiency.

Histopathologic and immunohistochemical features of Hashimoto thyroiditis.

PubMed

Amani, H Kazem

2011-01-01

Intrathyroid lymphoid tissue is accrued in Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT). Histologically, this acquired lymphoid tissue bears a close resemblance to mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) and can evolve to lymphoma. To demonstrate the morphological, and immunohistochemical profiles of Hashimoto thyroiditis and to ascertain the importance of light chain restriction in distinguishing HT with extensive lymphoplasmacytoid infiltrate from MALT lymphoma. We studied histopathologically and immunohistochemically (CD20, CD3, Igk, Igl and cytokeratin) 30 cases of HT for evaluation of the lymphoid infiltrate and the presence of lymphoepithelial lesions (LELs). Distinguishing between early thyroid lymphoma and HT was evaluated by light chain restriction. These findings were compared with two cases of primary thyroid lymphoma. The histopathological findings were characteristic of HT. Immunohistochemistry confirmed inconspicuous, rare B-cell LELs as well as a prominent T-lymphocyte population. Testing for light chain restriction showed polyclonal population of plasma cells. The cases of MALT lymphoma had distinct destructive lymphoepithelial lesions, B-cell immunophenotyping and showed kappa light chain restriction in the plasmacytoid population. Hashimoto thyroiditis differs both histopathologically and immunohistochemically from thyroid lymphoma. In suspicious cases, immunohistochemistry could be helpful in reaching a definitive diagnosis.

L-Lactic acid production by combined utilization of agricultural bioresources as renewable and economical substrates through batch and repeated-batch fermentation of Enterococcus faecalis RKY1.

PubMed

Reddy, Lebaka Veeranjaneya; Kim, Young-Min; Yun, Jong-Sun; Ryu, Hwa-Won; Wee, Young-Jung

2016-06-01

Enterococcus faecalis RKY1 was used to produce l-lactic acid from hydrol, soybean curd residues (SCR), and malt. Hydrol was efficiently metabolized to l-lactic acid with optical purity of >97.5%, though hydrol contained mixed sugars such as glucose, maltose, maltotriose, and maltodextrin. Combined utilization of hydrol, SCR, and malt was enough to sustain lactic acid fermentation by E. faecalis RKY1. In order to reduce the amount of nitrogen sources and product inhibition, cell-recycle repeated-batch fermentation was employed, where a high cell mass (26.3g/L) was obtained. Lactic acid productivity was improved by removal of lactic acid from fermentation broth by membrane filtration and by linearly increased cell density. When the total of 10 repeated-batch fermentations were carried out using 100g/L hydrol, 150g/L SCR hydrolyzate, and 20g/L malt hydrolyzate as the main nutrients, lactic acid productivity was increased significantly from 3.20g/L/h to 6.37g/L/h. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Malt-yeast extract-sucrose agar, a suitable medium for enumeration and isolation of fungi from silage.

PubMed Central

Skaar, I; Stenwig, H

1996-01-01

A general medium named malt-yeast extract-sucrose agar (MYSA) containing oxgall was designed. The medium was intended for the enumeration and isolation of molds and yeasts in routine examinations of animal feed stuffs. In this study MYSA was tested as a general medium for mycological examination of silage. The medium was compared with dichloran-rose bengal medium (DRBC) in an examination of more than 500 specimens of big bale grass silage. Selected characteristics of known fungal species commonly isolated from feeds were examined after growth on MYSA and DRBC and on malt extract agar, used as a noninhibitory control medium. MYSA suppressed bacterial growth, without affecting the growth of fungi common in feeds. The fungi growing on MYSA were easily recognized, and the medium seemed to slow radial growth of fungal colonies, which permitted, easy counting. The number of species found was higher on MYSA than on DRBC. When we compared MYSA with DRBC for mycological examination of grass silage samples, MYSA was found to be the medium of choice. PMID:8837416

Supplements of transgenic malt or grain containing (1,3-1,4)-beta-glucanase increase the nutritive value of barley-based broiler diets to that of maize.

PubMed

Von Wettstein, D; Warner, J; Kannangara, C G

2003-07-01

1. A diet with addition to normal barley of malt from transgenic barley expressing a protein engineered, thermotolerant Bacillus (1,3-1,4)-beta-glucanase during germination has previously been demonstrated to provide a broiler chicken weight gain comparable to maize diets. It also reduced dramatically the number of birds with adhering sticky droppings, but did not entirely eliminate sticky droppings. One of the objectives of the broiler chicken trials reported here was to determine if higher concentrations of transgenic malt could alleviate the sticky droppings. 2. Another aim was to investigate the feasibility of using mature transgenic grain containing the thermotolerant (1,3-1,4)-beta-glucanase as feed addition and to compare diets containing transgenic grain to a diet with the recommended amount of a commercial beta-glucanase-based product. 3. Inclusion of 75 or 151 g/kg transgenic malt containing 4.7 or 98 mg/kg thermotolerant (1,3-1,4)-beta-glucanase with 545 or 469 g/kg non-transgenic barley instead of maize yielded a weight gain in Cornish Cross broiler chickens indistinguishable from presently used maize diets. The gene encoding the enzyme is expressed in the aleurone with a barley alpha-amylase gene promoter and the enzyme is synthesised with a signal peptide for secretion into the endosperm of the malting grain. 4. Equal weight gain was achieved, when the feed included 39 g/kg transgenic barley grain [containing 66 mg/kg thermotolerant (1,3-1,4)-beta-glucanase] and 581 g/kg non-transgenic barley instead of maize. In this case, the gene encoding the enzyme has been expressed with the D-hordein gene (Hor3-1) promoter during grain maturation. The enzyme is synthesised as a precursor with a signal peptide for transport through the endoplasmic reticulum and targeted into the storage vacuoles. Deposition of the enzyme in the prolamin storage protein bodies of the endosperm protects it from degradation during the programmed cell death of the endosperm in the final stages of grain maturation and provides extraordinary heat stability. The large amount of highly active (1,3-1,4)-beta-glucanase in the mature grain allowed the reduction of the transgenic grain ingredient to 0.2 g/kg diet, thus making the ingredient comparable to that of the trace minerals added to standard diets. 5. A direct comparison using transgenic grain supplement at the level of 1 g/kg of feed with the standard recommended addition of the commercial enzyme preparation Avizyme 1100 at 1 g/kg yielded equal weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency in birds fed a barley-based diet. 6. The production of sticky droppings characteristic of broilers fed on barley diets was avoided with all 9 experimental diets and reduced to the level observed with a standard maize diet by supplementation with transgenic barley. 7. The excellent growth and normal survival of the 400 broilers tested on barley diets supplemented with transgenic grain or malt showed the grain and malt not to be toxic. 8. The barley feed with added transgenic grain or malt containing thermotolerant (1,3-1,4)-beta-glucanase provides an environmentally friendly alternative to enzyme additives, as it uses photosynthetic energy for production of the enzyme in the grain and thus avoids use of non-renewable energy for fermentation. The deposition of the enzyme in the protein bodies of the grain in the field makes coating procedures for stabilisation of enzyme activity superfluous. 9. Barley feed with the small amount of transgenic grain as additive to normal barley provides an alternative for broiler feed in areas where grain maize cannot be grown for climatic reasons or because of unsuitable soil and thus has to be imported.

Lymphomagenic CARD11/BCL10/MALT1 signaling drives malignant B-cell proliferation via cooperative NF-κB and JNK activation.

PubMed

Knies, Nathalie; Alankus, Begüm; Weilemann, Andre; Tzankov, Alexandar; Brunner, Kristina; Ruff, Tanja; Kremer, Marcus; Keller, Ulrich B; Lenz, Georg; Ruland, Jürgen

2015-12-29

The aggressive activated B cell-like subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is characterized by aberrant B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling and constitutive nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation, which is required for tumor cell survival. BCR-induced NF-κB activation requires caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 11 (CARD11), and CARD11 gain-of-function mutations are recurrently detected in human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). To investigate the consequences of dysregulated CARD11 signaling in vivo, we generated mice that conditionally express the human DLBCL-derived CARD11(L225LI) mutant. Surprisingly, CARD11(L225LI) was sufficient to trigger aggressive B-cell lymphoproliferation, leading to early postnatal lethality. CARD11(L225LI) constitutively associated with B-cell CLL/lymphoma 10 (BCL10) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation gene 1 (MALT1) to simultaneously activate the NF-κB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling cascades. Genetic deficiencies of either BCL10 or MALT1 completely rescued the phenotype, and pharmacological inhibition of JNK was, similar to NF-κB blockage, toxic to autonomously proliferating CARD11(L225LI)-expressing B cells. Moreover, constitutive JNK activity was observed in primary human activated B cell-like (ABC)-DLBCL specimens, and human ABC-DLBCL cells were also sensitive to JNK inhibitors. Thus, our results demonstrate that enforced activation of CARD11/BCL10/MALT1 signaling is sufficient to drive transformed B-cell expansion in vivo and identify the JNK pathway as a therapeutic target for ABC-DLBCL.

Bone marrow involvement is not associated with the clinical outcomes of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.

PubMed

Gong, Eun Jeong; Ahn, Ji Yong; Jung, Hwoon-Yong; Jung, Kyoungwon; Cho, Charles J; Na, Hee Kyong; Jung, Kee Wook; Kim, Do Hoon; Lee, Jeong Hoon; Choi, Kee Don; Song, Ho June; Lee, Gin Hyug; Kim, Jin-Ho; Yoon, Dok Hyun

2016-08-01

Objective Bone marrow (BM) examination is recommended as part of the initial staging work-up in patients with gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. However, the clinical significance of BM involvement in gastric MALT lymphoma patients has not been evaluated. Materials and methods From November 1995 to September 2014, 496 subjects who were diagnosed with gastric MALT lymphoma and underwent BM examination were eligible to be included in this study. BM involvement was found in 33 patients (6.7%) by retrospective review, and after exclusions, the clinical outcomes of 28 patients with BM involvement and 412 patients without BM involvement were evaluated. Results When comparing the characteristics of patients, age (median 60 vs. 53 years, p = 0.007) and Helicobacter pylori infection rate (71.0% vs. 85.5%, p = 0.040) were different between patients with and without BM involvement, while the location, macroscopic findings, and depth of invasion were similar. The overall complete remission (CR) rate was 85.2% during a median follow-up period of 42 months (interquartile range, 23-66 months) and did not differ between the two groups (78.6 and 85.7%, p = 0.280). Eradication therapy was performed as the first-line treatment in 18 of the 28 patients (64.3%) with BM involvement, and CR was achieved in 13 patients (72.2%). Logistic regression analysis showed that age and location in the upper part of the stomach were factors related to remission failure. Conclusion Gastric MALT lymphoma has a favorable outcome, and eradication therapy can be justified in selected cases even with BM involvement, when these patients are closely monitored.

Radiation Therapy Administration and Survival in Stage I/II Extranodal Marginal Zone B-Cell Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Olszewski, Adam J., E-mail: adam_olszewski@brown.edu; Desai, Amrita

2014-03-01

Purpose: To determine the factors associated with the use of radiation therapy and associated survival outcomes in early-stage marginal zone lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Methods and Materials: We extracted data on adult patients with stage I/II MALT lymphoma diagnoses between 1998 and 2010 recorded in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We studied factors associated with radiation therapy administration in a logistic regression model and described the cumulative incidence of lymphoma-related death (LRD) according to receipt of the treatment. The association of radiation therapy with survival was explored in multivariate models with adjustment for immortalmore » time bias. Results: Of the 7774 identified patients, 36% received radiation therapy as part of the initial course of treatment. Older patients; black or Hispanic men; white, Hispanic, and black women; and socioeconomically disadvantaged and underinsured patients had a significantly lower chance of receiving radiation therapy. Radiation therapy administration was associated with a lower chance of LRD in most sites. In cutaneous, ocular, and salivary MALT lymphomas, the 5-year estimate of LRD after radiation therapy was 0%. The association of radiation therapy with overall survival in different lymphoma sites was heterogeneous, and statistically significant in cutaneous (hazard ratio 0.45, P=.009) and ocular (hazard ratio 0.47, P<.0001) locations after multivariate adjustment. Conclusions: Demographic factors are associated with the use of radiation therapy in MALT lymphoma. Clinicians should be sensitive to those disparities because the administration of radiation therapy may be associated with improved survival, particularly in cutaneous and ocular lymphomas.« less

Discovery of Novel Bmy1 Alleles Increasing β-Amylase Activity in Chinese Landraces and Tibetan Wild Barley for Improvement of Malting Quality via MAS

PubMed Central

Gong, Xue; Westcott, Sharon; Zhang, Xiao-Qi; Yan, Guijun; Lance, Reg; Zhang, Guoping; Sun, Dongfa; Li, Chengdao

2013-01-01

China has a large barley germplasm collection which has not been well characterized and is therefore underutilized. The Bmy1 locus encoding the β-amylase enzyme on chromosome 4H has been well characterized in the worldwide barley germplasm collections due to its importance in the malting and brewing industry. The Bmy1 locus was chosen as an indicator to understand genetic potential for improvement of malting quality in Chinese landraces and Tibetan wild barley. The genetic diversity of 91 barley accessions was assessed using allele specific Multiplex-ready molecular markers. Eight accessions were further sequenced, based on the Multiplex-ready marker diversity for Bmy1 in the germplasm. Six of the eight accessions clustered together in a unique group, and showed similarities to ‘Haruna Nijo’, wild barley accession PI296896 and ‘Ashqelon’. Sequence comparisons with the known Bmy1 alleles identified not only the existing 13 amino acid substitutions, but also a new substitution positioned at A387T from a Chinese landrace W127, which has the highest β-amylase activity. Two new alleles/haplotypes namely Bmy1-Sd1c and Bmy1-Sd5 were designated based on different amino acid combinations. We identified new amino acid combination of C115, D165, V233, S347 and V430 in the germplasm. The broad variation in both β-amylase activity and amino acid composition provides novel alleles for the improvement of malting quality for different brewing styles, which indicates the high potential value of the Chinese landraces and Tibetan wild barley. PMID:24019884

Brand-specific consumption of alcohol among underage youth in the United States.

PubMed

Siegel, Michael; DeJong, William; Naimi, Timothy S; Fortunato, Erin K; Albers, Alison B; Heeren, Timothy; Rosenbloom, David L; Ross, Craig; Ostroff, Joshua; Rodkin, Sergei; King, Charles; Borzekowski, Dina L G; Rimal, Rajiv N; Padon, Alisa A; Eck, Raimee H; Jernigan, David H

2013-07-01

Little is known about brand-specific alcohol consumption among underage youth, as existing information is collected at the level of alcoholic beverage type. This study identifies the alcohol brands consumed by a nationally representative sample of underage youth in the United States. We obtained a national sample of 1,032 underage youth, aged 13 to 20, using a pre-recruited Internet panel maintained by Knowledge Networks. Youth aged 18 to 20 were recruited directly from the panel via email invitation. Teens aged 13 to 17 were identified by asking adult panelists to identify a member of their household. The survey assessed the past 30-day consumption of 898 brands of alcohol among 16 alcoholic beverage types, including the frequency and amount of each brand consumed in the past 30 days. Market share for a given brand was calculated by dividing the total number of drinks for that brand in the past 30 days across the entire sample by the total number of drinks for all identified brands. The alcohol brands with highest prevalence of past 30-day consumption were Bud Light (27.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 23.3 to 32.4%), Smirnoff malt beverages (17.0%, 95% CI 12.9 to 21.1%), and Budweiser (14.6%, 95% CI 11.0 to 18.3%). Brand market share was concentrated in a relatively small number of brands, with the top 25 brands accounting for nearly half of all market shares. Underage youth alcohol consumption, although spread out over several alcoholic beverage types, is concentrated among a relatively small number of alcohol brands. This finding has important implications for alcohol research, practice, and policy. Copyright © 2013 by the Research Society on Alcoholism.

Brand-Specific Consumption of Alcohol among Underage Youth in the United States

PubMed Central

Siegel, Michael; DeJong, William; Naimi, Timothy S.; Fortunato, Erin K.; Albers, Alison B.; Heeren, Timothy; Rosenbloom, David L.; Ross, Craig; Ostroff, Joshua; Rodkin, Sergei; King, Charles; Borzekowski, Dina L.G.; Rimal, Rajiv N.; Padon, Alisa A.; Eck, Raimee H.; Jernigan, David H.

2013-01-01

Background Little is known about brand-specific alcohol consumption among underage youth, as existing information is collected at the level of alcoholic beverage type. This study identifies the alcohol brands consumed by a nationally representative sample of underage youth in the U.S. Methods We obtained a national sample of 1,032 underage youth, ages 13–20, using a pre-recruited internet panel maintained by Knowledge Networks. Youth ages 18–20 were recruited directly from the panel via email invitation. Teens ages 13–17 were identified by asking adult panelists to identify a member of their household. The survey assessed the past 30-day consumption of 898 brands of alcohol among 16 alcoholic beverage types, including the frequency and amount of each brand consumed in the past 30 days. Market share for a given brand was calculated by dividing the total number of drinks for that brand in the past 30 days across the entire sample by the total number of drinks for all identified brands. Results The alcohol brands with highest prevalence of past 30-day consumption were Bud Light (27.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 23.3%–32.4%), Smirnoff malt beverages (17.0%, 95% CI 12.9%–21.1%), and Budweiser (14.6%, 95% CI 11.0%–18.3%). Brand market share was concentrated in a relatively small number of brands, with the top 25 brands accounting for nearly half of all market share. Conclusions Underage youth alcohol consumption, although spread out over several alcoholic beverage types, is concentrated among a relatively small number of alcohol brands. This finding has important implications for alcohol research, practice, and policy. PMID:23398328

Provitamin A retention and sensory acceptability of amahewu, a non-alcoholic cereal-based beverage made with provitamin A-biofortified maize.

PubMed

Awobusuyi, Temitope D; Siwela, Muthulisi; Kolanisi, Unathi; Amonsou, Eric O

2016-03-15

Vitamin A deficiency is a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. Amahewu is a popular southern African lactic acid fermented non-alcoholic maize-based beverage, which is deficient in vitamin A. In this study, provitamin A retention and sensory acceptability of amahewu processed using provitamin A-biofortified maize and three types of inoculums during fermentation (malted maize, wheat bran and Lactobacillus starter culture) were investigated. The total provitamin A content of amahewu samples, estimated as β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin and α-carotene content, ranged from 3.3 to 3.8 g kg(-1) (dry weight). Provitamin A was substantially retained (79- 90% β-carotene equivalent) in amahewu after fermentation. Amahewu samples prepared with added starter cultures had the lowest retention of provitamin A. Consumers (approx. 69%) liked provitamin A-biofortified amahewu either moderately or very much. Principal component analysis of amahewu sensory data showed that 71% of variation was due to maize types and 18% of variation could be due to the inoculum used during fermentation. Amahewu samples prepared using provitamin A-biofortified maize were slightly more liked (mean score: 7.0 ± 1.2) compared to those of white maize reference samples. The use of starter culture combined with either malted maize or wheat bran as inoculum during fermentation improved the taste and aroma of amahewu and hence its acceptability. Provitamin A is substantially retained in amahewu after fermentation. The slightly high acceptability of amahewu prepared using provitamin A-biofortified maize compared to that of white maize thus suggests that fermented product like amahewu can potentially be used to deliver provitamin A to vulnerable individuals. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.

Characterization of B cell lymphoma in patients with Sjögren's syndrome and hepatitis C virus infection.

PubMed

Ramos-Casals, Manuel; la Civita, Luca; de Vita, Salvatore; Solans, Roser; Luppi, Mario; Medina, Francisco; Caramaschi, Paola; Fadda, Patrizia; de Marchi, Ginevra; Lopez-Guillermo, Armando; Font, Josep

2007-02-15

To characterize the clinical and immunologic patterns of expression, response to therapy, and outcome of patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and associated hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection who developed B cell lymphoma. Various international reference centers constituted a multicenter study group with the purpose of creating a registry of patients with SS-HCV who developed B cell lymphoma. A protocol form was used to record the main characteristics of SS, chronic HCV infection, and B cell lymphoma. Twenty-five patients with SS-HCV with B cell lymphoma were included in the registry. There were 22 (88%) women and 3 (12%) men (mean age 55, 58, and 61 years at SS, HCV infection, and lymphoma diagnosis, respectively). The main extraglandular SS manifestations were cutaneous vasculitis in 15 (60%) patients and peripheral neuropathy in 12 (48%); the main immunologic features were positive rheumatoid factor (RF) in 24 (96%) and type II cryoglobulins in 20 (80%). The main histologic subtypes were mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in 11 (44%) patients, diffuse large B cell lymphoma in 6 (24%), and follicular center cell lymphoma in 6 (24%). Fifteen (60%) patients had an extranodal primary location, most frequently in the parotid gland (5 patients), liver (4 patients), and stomach (4 patients). Twelve (52%) of 23 patients died after a median followup from the time of lymphoma diagnosis of 4 years, with lymphoma progression being the most frequent cause of death. Survival differed significantly between the main types of B cell lymphoma. Patients with SS-HCV and B cell lymphoma are clinically characterized by a high frequency of parotid enlargement and vasculitis, an immunologic pattern overwhelmingly dominated by the presence of RF and mixed type II cryoglobulins, a predominance of MALT lymphomas, and an elevated frequency of primary extranodal involvement in organs in which HCV replicates (exocrine glands, liver, and stomach).

Histopathological study using computer database of 10 000 consecutive gastric specimens: (2) malignant lesions

PubMed Central

Terada, Tadashi

2016-01-01

Using a computer database, the author investigated the histopathology of 10 000 consecutive gastric specimens collected in the last 12 years 2002–2013 at his pathology laboratory in a relatively large hospital in Japan. Examination of histological sections was done when appropriate. The gastric specimens were made up of 8579 benign conditions and 1421 malignant lesions. The latter comprised gastric carcinoma in 1342 cases (94.4%), gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in 34 (2.4%), mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in 25 (1.8%), non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma in 19 (1.3%), and metastatic carcinoma in 1 case (0.1%). Of the 1342 cases of gastric carcinoma, the histological type was as follows: tubular adenocarcinoma in 755 cases, papillary adenocarcinoma in 176, mucinous adenocarcinoma in 147, signet ring cell carcinoma in 145, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in 114, adenosquamous carcinoma in 4, and metastatic small cell carcinoma from the lung in 1. In surgically resected cases, the number of early gastric carcinomas was 258 and of advanced carcinoma, 521 cases. In GIST (n = 34), there were 2 cases of the epithelioid type and 32 of the spindle cell type. The size of GIST ranged from 1–15 cm, with a mean of 5.6 cm. KIT (CD117) was positive in 34/34 cases, CD34 in 31/34, desmin 2/34, and S100 4/34. A genetic analysis was performed in 6 cases of GIST, all of which showed point mutation of KIT and/or PDGFRA genes. In MALT lymphoma (n = 25), centrocyte-like cells and lymphoepithelial lesions were seen in every case. Helicobactor pylori infection was noted in 92%. In non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 19), 17 cases were of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and 1 was peripheral T-cell lymphoma, while 1 was NK-cell lymphoma. PMID:25667235

Inherited BCL10 deficiency impairs hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic immunity

PubMed Central

Torres, Juan Manuel; Martinez-Barricarte, Rubén; García-Gómez, Sonia; Mazariegos, Marina S.; Itan, Yuval; Boisson, Bertrand; ρlvarez, Rita; Jiménez-Reinoso, Anaïs; del Pino, Lucia; Rodríguez-Pena, Rebeca; Ferreira, Antonio; Hernández-Jiménez, Enrique; Toledano, Victor; Cubillos-Zapata, Carolina; Díaz-Almirón, Mariana; López-Collazo, Eduardo; Unzueta-Roch, José L.; Sánchez-Ramón, Silvia; Regueiro, Jose R.; López-Granados, Eduardo; Casanova, Jean-Laurent; Pérez de Diego, Rebeca

2014-01-01

Heterotrimers composed of B cell CLL/lymphoma 10 (BCL10), mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 (MALT1), and caspase recruitment domain–containing (CARD) family adaptors play a role in NF-κB activation and have been shown to be involved in both the innate and the adaptive arms of immunity in murine models. Moreover, individuals with inherited defects of MALT1, CARD9, and CARD11 present with immunological and clinical phenotypes. Here, we characterized a case of autosomal-recessive, complete BCL10 deficiency in a child with a broad immunodeficiency, including defects of both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic immunity. The patient died at 3 years of age and was homozygous for a loss-of-expression, loss-of-function BCL10 mutation. The effect of BCL10 deficiency was dependent on the signaling pathway, and, for some pathways, the cell type affected. Despite the noted similarities to BCL10 deficiency in mice, including a deficient adaptive immune response, human BCL10 deficiency in this patient resulted in a number of specific features within cell populations. Treatment of the patient’s myeloid cells with a variety of pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules (PAMPs) elicited a normal response; however, NF-κB–mediated fibroblast functions were dramatically impaired. The results of this study indicate that inherited BCL10 deficiency should be considered in patients with combined immunodeficiency with B cell, T cell, and fibroblast defects. PMID:25365219

Reliability of a store observation tool in measuring availability of alcohol and selected foods.

PubMed

Cohen, Deborah A; Schoeff, Diane; Farley, Thomas A; Bluthenthal, Ricky; Scribner, Richard; Overton, Adrian

2007-11-01

Alcohol and food items can compromise or contribute to health, depending on the quantity and frequency with which they are consumed. How much people consume may be influenced by product availability and promotion in local retail stores. We developed and tested an observational tool to objectively measure in-store availability and promotion of alcoholic beverages and selected food items that have an impact on health. Trained observers visited 51 alcohol outlets in Los Angeles and southeastern Louisiana. Using a standardized instrument, two independent observations were conducted documenting the type of outlet, the availability and shelf space for alcoholic beverages and selected food items, the purchase price of standard brands, the placement of beer and malt liquor, and the amount of in-store alcohol advertising. Reliability of the instrument was excellent for measures of item availability, shelf space, and placement of malt liquor. Reliability was lower for alcohol advertising, beer placement, and items that measured the "least price" of apples and oranges. The average kappa was 0.87 for categorical items and the average intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.83 for continuous items. Overall, systematic observation of the availability and promotion of alcoholic beverages and food items was feasible, acceptable, and reliable. Measurement tools such as the one we evaluated should be useful in studies of the impact of availability of food and beverages on consumption and on health outcomes.

Nodular pulmonary amyloidosis with primary pulmonary MALT lymphoma masquerading as metastatic lung disease

PubMed Central

Upadhaya, Sunil; Baig, Mohd; Towfiq, Basim; Al Hadidi, Samer

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT Nodular pulmonary amyloidosis is a very rare form of localized amyloidosis involving the lung, with very little known about its nature. It is usually associated with indolent B cell lymphoproliferative disorder and also connective tissue disorders. No definite treatment guideline exists. Many patients respond to chemotherapy with low risk of progression and a ‘wait and watch’ strategy is also considered a valid treatment option. In this report the authors present a case of nodular pulmonary amyloidosis with pulmonary mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma that presented with features of metastatic malignant disease and after definitive diagnosis decided not to undergo treatment. PMID:28808514

[Helicobacter pylori-related diseases].

PubMed

Gisbert, Javier P

2013-10-01

This article summarizes the main conclusions drawn from the presentations on Helicobacter pylori at Digestive Disease Week 2013. Knowledge of this infection among the general population continues to be extremely limited. H. pylori is the main cause of "aging" of the human stomach. In developed countries, the prevalence of H. pylori infection has decreased but continues to be considerable. In most countries, clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance rates are markedly high. H. pylori eradication improves the symptoms of functional dyspepsia, but only in a minority of patients. The frequency of idiopathic peptic ulcers seems to be rising and their prognosis is worse. Most patients with gastric cancer have, or have had, prior H. pylori infection. The risk of developing preneoplastic lesions depends on the type (strain) of the microorganism. To prevent the development of gastric cancer, eradication therapy should be administered early (before the development of intestinal metaplasia). Among H. pylori-infected patients, those who receive long-term treatment with proton pump inhibitors more frequently develop preneoplastic lesions. In patients who undergo endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer, H. pylori eradication reduces the incidence of metachronous tumors. Eradication therapy induces regression of MALT lymphoma in most patients and tumoral recurrence in the long term is exceptional; eradication is a reasonable option even when H. pylori infection has not been identified in patients with MALT lymphoma. Several diagnostic innovations were presented, such as some polymerase chain reaction techniques for use in gastric biopsy specimens or gastric juice. The efficacy of triple standard therapy is clearly inadequate. The superiority of "sequential" therapy over standard triple therapy has not been definitively established. "Concomitant" therapy is more effective and is simpler than "sequential" therapy. After failure of standard triple therapy, second-line levofloxacin-based schemes for 10 days are effective and are also simpler and better tolerated than bismuth-based quadruple therapy. Levofloxacin-based triple therapy is also a promising alternative after failure of "sequential" and "concomitant" therapies. New-generation quinolones, such as moxifloxacin, could be useful as eradication therapy, especially as rescue therapy. After failure of clarithromycin-based triple therapy, followed by that of levofloxacin-based triple therapy, a bismuth-based quadruple scheme is an acceptable alternative. Even after the failure of 3 eradication therapies, a fourth empirical rescue therapy (with rifabutin) can be effective. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved.

Regional yield predictions of malting barley by remote sensing and ancillary data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weissteiner, Christof J.; Braun, Matthias; Kuehbauch, Walter

2004-02-01

Yield forecasts are of high interest to the malting and brewing industry in order to allow the most convenient purchasing policy of raw materials. Within this investigation, malting barley yield forecasts (Hordeum vulgare L.) were performed for typical growing regions in South-Western Germany. Multisensoral and multitemporal Remote Sensing data on one hand and ancillary meteorological, agrostatistical, topographical and pedological data on the other hand were used as input data for prediction models, which were based on an empirical-statistical modeling approach. Since spring barley production is depending on acreage and on the yield per area, classification is needed, which was performed by a supervised multitemporal classification algorithm, utilizing optical Remote Sensing data (LANDSAT TM/ETM+). Comparison between a pixel-based and an object-oriented classification algorithm was carried out. The basic version of the yield estimation model was conducted by means of linear correlation of Remote Sensing data (NOAA-AVHRR NDVI), CORINE land cover data and agrostatistical data. In an extended version meteorological data (temperature, precipitation, etc.) and soil data was incorporated. Both, basic and extended prediction systems, led to feasible results, depending on the selection of the time span for NDVI accumulation.

Medium optimization by orthogonal array and response surface methodology for cholesterol oxidase production by Streptomyces lavendulae NCIM 2499.

PubMed

Chauhan, Awadesh K; Survase, Shrikant A; Kishenkumar, Jyoti; Annapure, Uday S

2009-06-01

This paper deals with the optimization of culture conditions for the production of cholesterol oxidase (COD) by Streptomyces lavendulae NCIM 2499 using the one-factor-at-a-time method, orthogonal array method and response surface methodology (RSM) approaches. The one-factor-at-a-time method was adopted to investigate the effects of medium components (i.e. carbon and nitrogen) and environmental factors (i.e. initial pH) on biomass growth and COD production. Subsequently, an L12 orthogonal matrix was used to evaluate the significance of glycerol, soyabean meal, malt extract, K2HPO4, MgSO4 and NaCl. The effects of media components were ranked according to their effects on the production of COD as malt extract > soyabean meal > K2HPO4 > NaCl > MgSO4 > glycerol. The subsequent optimization of the four most significant factors viz. malt extract, soyabean meal, K2HPO4 and NaCl, was carried out by employing a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) of RSM. There was a 2.48-fold increase in productivity of COD as compared to the unoptimized media by using these statistical approaches.

Gastric MALT lymphoma: old and new insights

PubMed Central

Zullo, Angelo; Hassan, Cesare; Ridola, Lorenzo; Repici, Alessandro; Manta, Raffaele; Andriani, Alessandro

2014-01-01

The stomach is the most frequent site of extranodal lymphoma. Gastric lymphoma originating from mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is typically a low-grade, B-cell neoplasia strongly associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Only certain H. pylori strains in some predisposed patients determine lymphoma development in the stomach, according to a strain-host-organ specific process. The clinical presentation is poorly specific, symptoms ranging from vague dyspepsia to alarm symptoms. Similarly, different endoscopy patterns have been described for gastric lymphoma. H. pylori eradication is advised as first-line therapy in early stage disease, and complete lymphoma remission is achieved in 75% of cases. Neoplasia stage, depth of infiltration in the gastric wall, presence of the API2-MALT1 translocation, localization in the stomach, and patient ethnicity have been identified as predictors of remission. Recent data suggests that H. pylori eradication therapy may be successful for gastric lymphoma treatment also in a small subgroup (15%) of H. pylori-negative patients. The overall 5-year survival and disease-free survival rates are as high as 90% and 75%, respectively. Management of patients who failed to achieve lymphoma remission following H. pylori eradication include radiotherapy, chemotherapy and, in selected cases, surgery. PMID:24714739

Comparative Study of Worldwide Species of Genus Lentinus (=Lentinula, Higher Basidiomycetes) Based on Linear Mycelium Growth.

PubMed

Mata, Juan Luis; Mishra, Nutan Tulapurkar

2015-01-01

Species of mushroom genus Lentinus (=Lentinula) are best known for the commercially important and extensively studied culinary-medicinal shiitake, L. edodes. A few mycelium growth studies have focused on Lentinus boryana, but information is lacking for L. raphanica and L. aciculospora, endemic to the Americas. In this study, 14 dikaryon strains representing 5 Lentinus species were grown on 5 nutritive agar media at increments of 5°C. Growth for each species was significantly slower on corn meal agar, but no differences were found among malt extract, potato dextrose, malt peptone, and yeast malt extract agars. Lentinus aciculospora and L. boryana consistently exhibited the slowest mycelium growth rates among all species and across all temperatures tested, with optima at 15°C and 20°C. The fastest mycelium growth rates for L. edodes, L. novaezelandiae, and L. raphanica occurred at 25°C. Strains of the latter continued to grow well at 30°C, whereas growth of the other 2 species declined significantly. Differences in mycelium growth rates for American strains could be partially explained by their geographic locations, indicating that understanding this physiological parameter has important ramifications for the edible mushroom industry.

A case of primary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the vagina.

PubMed

Yoshinaga, Kousuke; Akahira, Jun-Ichi; Niikura, Hitoshi; Ito, Kiyoshi; Moriya, Takuya; Murakami, Takashi; Kameoka, Jun-Ichi; Ichinohasama, Ryo; Okamura, Kunihiro; Yaegashi, Nobuo

2004-09-01

We report the first case of primary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the vagina, the diagnosis of which is supported by genetic and immunophenotypic studies. A 65-year-old, para 2 woman presented to our hospital in July 1997 with a history of prolonged vaginal discharge. Although cytologic examination suggested possible malignancy, a biopsy of the vaginal wall was diagnosed as chronic inflammation. In June 2000, she underwent gynecologic examination because of anuria. Excisional biopsy revealed subepithelial infiltration of atypical lymphoid cells that stained for CD20, CD79a, and BCL-2; stained weakly for IgM; and did not stain for CD3, CD5, CD7, CD10, CD56, CD23, and IgD, suggesting marginal zone B-cell lineage. Monoclonality was detected by Southern blot analysis, and this patient was finally diagnosed as having primary MALT lymphoma of the vagina. She received 3 cycles of chemotherapy (THP-COP) and concurrent radiation to the whole pelvis. The patient is alive and well 40 months after treatment. Because the vagina is one of the mucosa-associated tissues, MALT lymphoma, though rare, must be included in the differential diagnosis of the vaginal neoplasms.

Perspectives on knowledge in engineering design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rasdorf, W. J.

1985-01-01

Various perspectives are given of the knowledge currently used in engineering design, specifically dealing with knowledge-based expert systems (KBES). Constructing an expert system often reveals inconsistencies in domain knowledge while formalizing it. The types of domain knowledge (facts, procedures, judgments, and control) differ from the classes of that knowledge (creative, innovative, and routine). The feasible tasks for expert systems can be determined based on these types and classes of knowledge. Interpretive tasks require reasoning about a task in light of the knowledge available, where generative tasks create potential solutions to be tested against constraints. Only after classifying the domain by type and level can the engineer select a knowledge-engineering tool for the domain being considered. The critical features to be weighed after classification are knowledge representation techniques, control strategies, interface requirements, compatibility with traditional systems, and economic considerations.

Recurrent gastric perforation as a late complication of radiotherapy for mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the stomach.

PubMed

Otsuka, Taiga; Noda, Takahiro; Yokoo, Masako; Ibaraki, Kazuo

2008-01-01

Radiation therapy can be used to treat Helicobacter pylori-negative or eradication-refractory extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) of the stomach. We report a case of gastric perforation which occurred more than 1 year after the completion of radiotherapy for H. pylori eradication-refractory gastric MALT lymphoma, and then recurred shortly afterwards. This was considered to be a late complication of radiation toxicity. Although gastric perforation due to radiotherapy has been reported very rarely in the past, even in advanced disease, this case shows that perforation can develop in patients with superficial disease and can relapse.

Role of dupA in virulence of Helicobacter pylori

PubMed Central

Talebi Bezmin Abadi, Amin; Perez-Perez, Guillermo

2016-01-01

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gastric human pathogen associated with acute and chronic gastritis, 70% of all gastric ulcers, 85% of all duodenal ulcers, and both forms of stomach cancer, mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and adenocarcinoma. Recently, attention has focused on possible relationship between presence of certain virulence factor and H. pylori-associated diseases. Some contradictory data between this bacterium and related disorders has been observed since not all the colonized individuals develop to severe disease. The reported diseases plausibility related to H. pylori specific virulence factors became an interesting story about this organism. Although a number of putative virulence factors have been identified including cytotoxin-associated gene a (cagA) and vacA, there are conflicting data about their actual participation as specific risk factor for H. pylori-related diseases. Duodenal ulcer promoting gene a (dupA) is a virulence factor of H. pylori that is highly associated with duodenal ulcer development and reduced risk of gastric cancer. The prevalence of dupA in H. pylori strains isolated from western countries is relatively higher than in H. pylori strains from Asian countries. Current confusing epidemiological reports will continue unless future sophisticated and molecular studies provide data on functional and complete dupA cluster in H. pylori infected individuals. This paper elucidates available knowledge concerning role of dupA in virulence of H. pylori after a decade of its discovery. PMID:28028359

Role of dupA in virulence of Helicobacter pylori.

PubMed

Talebi Bezmin Abadi, Amin; Perez-Perez, Guillermo

2016-12-14

Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) is a gastric human pathogen associated with acute and chronic gastritis, 70% of all gastric ulcers, 85% of all duodenal ulcers, and both forms of stomach cancer, mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and adenocarcinoma. Recently, attention has focused on possible relationship between presence of certain virulence factor and H. pylori -associated diseases. Some contradictory data between this bacterium and related disorders has been observed since not all the colonized individuals develop to severe disease. The reported diseases plausibility related to H. pylori specific virulence factors became an interesting story about this organism. Although a number of putative virulence factors have been identified including cytotoxin-associated gene a ( cagA ) and vacA , there are conflicting data about their actual participation as specific risk factor for H. pylori -related diseases. Duodenal ulcer promoting gene a ( dupA ) is a virulence factor of H. pylori that is highly associated with duodenal ulcer development and reduced risk of gastric cancer. The prevalence of dupA in H. pylori strains isolated from western countries is relatively higher than in H. pylori strains from Asian countries. Current confusing epidemiological reports will continue unless future sophisticated and molecular studies provide data on functional and complete dupA cluster in H. pylori infected individuals. This paper elucidates available knowledge concerning role of dupA in virulence of H. pylori after a decade of its discovery.

Folic acid content and antioxidant activity of different types of beers available in Hungarian retail.

PubMed

Koren, Dániel; Orbán, Csaba; Galló, Nóra; Kun, Szilárd; Vecseri-Hegyes, Beáta; Kun-Farkas, Gabriella

2017-04-01

In this study 40 Hungarian retail beers were evaluated for folic acid content, antioxidant profile and physicochemical parameters. The physicochemical parameters, folic acid content and antioxidant activity of alcohol-free beers were the lowest. Folic acid content of beers aged with sour cherries showed high values, more than 0.4 mg/l and an alcohol-free beer-based mixed drink made with lemon juice contained more than 0.2 mg/l of folic acid. Dark beers and beers aged with sour cherries had the highest antioxidant activity probably owing to their high extract content, components released from the fruits and special malts. These results highlight the possibility of achieving adequate folic acid and relevant antioxidant intake without excessive alcohol and energy consumption by selecting appropriate beer types.

Indoor Trichoderma strains emitting peptaibols in guttation droplets.

PubMed

Castagnoli, E; Marik, T; Mikkola, R; Kredics, L; Andersson, M A; Salonen, H; Kurnitski, J

2018-05-19

The production of peptaibols, toxic secondary metabolites of Trichoderma, in the indoor environment is not well-documented. Here we investigated the toxicity of peptaibols in the guttation droplets and biomass of Trichoderma strains isolated from problematic buildings. Seven indoor-isolated strains of T. atroviride, T. trixiae, T. paraviridescens and T. citrinoviride were cultivated on malt extract agar, gypsum boards and paperboards. Their biomass extracts and guttation droplets were highly cytotoxic in resting and motile boar sperm cell assays and in inhibition of somatic cell proliferation assays. The toxins were identified with HPLC/ESI-MS/MS as trichorzianines, trilongins, trichostrigocins and trichostrigocin-like peptaibols. They exhibited toxicity profiles similar to the reference peptaibols alamethicin, trilongins, and trichorzianine TA IIIc purified from T. atroviride H1/226. Particular Trichoderma strains emitted the same peptaibols in both their biomasses and exudate droplets. The trilongin-producing T. citrinoviride SJ40 strain grew at 37°C. To our knowledge, this is the first report of indoor-isolated Trichoderma strains producing toxic peptaibols in their guttation droplets. This report proves that indoor isolates of Trichoderma release peptaibols in their guttation droplets. The presence of toxins in these type of exudates may serve as a mechanism of aerosol formation for nonvolatile toxins in the indoor air. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

In vitro reconstitution of interactions in the CARD9 signalosome

PubMed Central

Park, Jin Hee; Choi, Jae Young; Mustafa, Mir Faisal; Park, Hyun Ho

2017-01-01

The caspase-associated recruitment domain (CARD)-containing protein 9 (CARD9) signalosome is composed of CARD9, B-cell CLL/lymphoma 10 (BCL10) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 (MALT1). The CARD9 signalosome has been reported to exert critical functions in the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif-coupled receptor-mediated activation of myeloid cells, through nuclear factor-κB pathways during innate immunity processes. During CARD9 signalosome assembly, BCL10 has been revealed to function as an adaptor protein and to interact with CARD9 via CARD-CARD interactions; BCL10 also interacts with MALT1 via its C-terminal Ser/Thr-rich region and the first immunoglobulin domain of MALT1. The CARD9 signalosome is implicated in critical biological processes; however, its structural and biochemical characteristics have yet to be elucidated. In the present study, CARD9 and BCL10 CARDs were successfully purified and characterized, and their biochemical properties were investigated. In addition, CARD9-BCL10 complexes were reconstituted in vitro under low salt and pH conditions. Furthermore, based on structural modeling data, a scheme was proposed to describe the interactions between CARD9 and BCL10. This provides a further understanding of the mechanism of how the CARD9 signalosome may be assembled. PMID:28765954

miR-181d/MALT1 regulatory axis attenuates mesenchymal phenotype through NF-κB pathways in glioblastoma.

PubMed

Yang, Fan; Liu, Xing; Liu, Yanwei; Liu, Yuqing; Zhang, Chuanbao; Wang, Zheng; Jiang, Tao; Wang, Yongzhi

2017-06-28

The mesenchymal (MES) subtype of glioblastoma (GBM) indicated a more malignant phenotype and worse prognosis compared with their proneural (PN) counterpart. The plasticity between PN and MES transcriptome signatures provided an approach for clinical intervention. However, few miRNAs have been identified to participate in the shift between subtypes. Here, we utilized transcriptomic data and experimental evidences to prove that miR-181d was a novel regulator of NFκB signaling pathway by directly repressing MALT1, leading to induced PN markers and reduced MES genes. Functionally, ectopic expression of miR-181d suppressed GBM cell proliferation, colony formation and anchor-independent growth, as well as migration, invasion and tube formation. Moreover, miR-181d overexpression increased radio- and chemo-sensitivity for GBM cells. Rescue of MALT1 could partially reverse the effects of miR-181d in GBM malignant behaviors. Clinically, miR-181d could serve as a prognostic indicator for GBM patients. Taken together, we concluded that loss of miR-181d contributes to aggressive biological processes associated with MES phenotype via NFκB signaling, which broaden our insights into the underlying mechanisms in subtype transition and miRNA-based tailored medicine for GBM management. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Low-dose radiation treatment in pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: a plausible approach? A single-institution experience in 10 patients.

PubMed

Girinsky, Theodore; Paumier, Amaury; Ferme, Christophe; Hanna, Colette; Ribrag, Vincent; Leroy-Ladurie, François; Ghalibafian, Mithra

2012-07-01

To propose an alternative approach for treatment of pulmonary marginal zone lymphoma, using a very small radiation dose (2 × 2 Gy) delivered exclusively to tumor sites. Patients had localized pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma according to the World Health Organization classification. The 6-MV radiation treatments were delivered using tumor-limited fields, except in cases of diffuse bilateral involvement. Two daily fractions of 2 Gy were delivered to tumor-limited fields using a 6-MV linear accelerator. Ten patients with pulmonary MALT lymphoma entered the study. All but 1 had localized tumor masses. The median follow-up was 56 months (range, 2-103 months). Complete remission or an unconfirmed complete remission was obtained in 60% of patients within the first 2 months, and two additional partial responses were converted into a long-term unconfirmed complete remission. All patients are well and alive, no local progression was observed, and the 5-year progression-free survival rate was 87.5% (95% confidence interval 49%-97%). Our results suggest that extremely low radiation doses delivered exclusively to tumor sites might be a treatment option in pulmonary MALT lymphoma. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Malting process optimization for protein digestibility enhancement in finger millet grain.

PubMed

Hejazi, Sara Najdi; Orsat, Valérie

2016-04-01

Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) is a nutritious, gluten-free, and drought resistant cereal containing high amounts of protein, carbohydrate, and minerals. However, bio-availability of these nutrients is restricted due to the presence of an excessive level of anti-nutrient components, mainly phytic acid, tannin, and oxalate. It has been shown that a well-designed malting/germination process can significantly reduce these anti-nutrients and consequently enhance the nutrient availability. In the present study, the effects of two important germination factors, duration and temperature, on the enhancement of in-vitro protein digestibility of finger millet were thoroughly investigated and optimized. Based on a central composite design, the grains were germinated for 24, 36, and 48 h at 22, 26, and 30 °C. For all factor combinations, protein, peptide, phytic acid, tannin, and oxalate contents were evaluated and digestibility was assessed. It was shown that during the malting/germinating process, both temperature and duration factors significantly influenced the investigated quantities. Germination of finger millet for 48 h at 30 °C increased protein digestibility from 74 % (for native grain) up to 91 %. Besides, it notably decreased phytic acid, tannin, and oxalate contents by 45 %, 46 %, and 29 %, respectively. Linear correlations between protein digestibility and these anti-nutrients were observed.

Clinical Outcome of Eradication Therapy for Gastric Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma according to H. pylori Infection Status

PubMed Central

Kim, Ju Seok; Kang, Sun Hyung; Moon, Hee Seok; Jeong, Hyun Yong

2016-01-01

Background. To evaluate the long-term outcome of H. pylori eradication therapy for gastric MALT lymphoma according to the presence of H. pylori infection. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients between January 2001 and June 2014. The clinicopathologic characteristics and clinical outcomes were compared between H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative gastric MALT lymphoma groups. Results. Fifty-four patients were enrolled: 12 H. pylori-negative and 42 H. pylori-positive patients. The tumor was located more frequently in both the proximal and distal parts of the stomach (P = 0.001), and the percentage of multiple lesions was significantly greater in the H. pylori-negative group (P = 0.046). Forty-seven patients received initial eradication therapy, and 85% (35/41) of H. pylori-positive patients and 50% (3/6) of H. pylori-negative patients achieved complete remission after eradication therapy. The presence of multiple lesions was a predictive factor for unresponsiveness to H. pylori eradication (P = 0.024). The efficacy of eradication therapy (P = 0.133), complete remission (CR) maintenance period, and relapse after eradication therapy were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions. H. pylori eradication therapy could be an effective first-line treatment for localized H. pylori-negative gastric MALT lymphoma, especially for single lesions. PMID:27034656

Eco-synthesis of graphene and its use in dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide sensing.

PubMed

Amouzadeh Tabrizi, Mahmoud; Jalilzadeh Azar, Somayeh; Nadali Varkani, Javad

2014-09-01

In this paper, we report a green and eco-friendly approach to synthesize reduced graphene oxide (rGO) via a mild hydrothermal process using malt as a reduced agent. The proposed method is based on the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) in malt solution by making use of the reducing capability of phenolic compounds contained in malt solution. The obtained rGO was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis revealed that the charge transfer resistance of rGO modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode was much lower than that of the GC electrode. The electrochemical behavior of dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) on rGO modified GC electrode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and amperometry. Electrochemical experiments indicated that rGO/GC electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the NADH, which can be attributed to excellent electrical conductivity and high specific surface area of the rGO composite. The resulting biosensor showed highly sensitive amperometric response to NADH with a low detection limit (0.33μM). Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effect of aluminum (Al) speciation on erythrocytic antioxidant defense process: Correlations between lipid membrane peroxidation and morphological characteristics.

PubMed

Cheng, Dai; Tang, Jinlei; Wang, Xuerui; Zhang, Xinyu; Wang, Shuo

2018-08-15

Al contamination becomes a growing problem in human society. Accumulation of Al in blood could destroy the structure and disorder function of erythrocyte, and finally cause blood diseases. In the present study, AlCl 3 and Al(malt) 3 are respectively used in the erythrocyte system, in order to investigate the comparative toxic effect on erythrocyte fragility, the influence on cellular biochemical components and lipid peroxidation level. We find that the osmotic fragility, the number of Heinz bodies, the content of MDA and advanced oxidation protein product of the AlCl 3 treated erythrocytes were higher than the Al(malt) 3 treated erythrocytes at the same concentrations of Al(Ⅲ). The morphological and membrane protein changes of the AlCl 3 treated group show superior to the Al(malt) 3 treated group. In summary, we conclude that the comparative effect on the erythrocyte between organic aluminum and inorganic aluminum is significantly different, and the prime comparative difference between the toxic effects of both the compounds is oxidative stress. Further research should focus on in vivo experiments to confirm the differential toxicity and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying Al-induced erythrocyte toxicity in order to prevent hematological disorders. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Survival of patients with gastric lymphoma in Germany and in the United States.

PubMed

Castro, Felipe A; Jansen, Lina; Krilaviciute, Agne; Katalinic, Alexander; Pulte, Dianne; Sirri, Eunice; Ressing, Meike; Holleczek, Bernd; Luttmann, Sabine; Brenner, Hermann

2015-10-01

This study aims to examine survival for gastric lymphomas and its main subtypes, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), in Germany and in the United States. Data for patients diagnosed in 1997-2010 were used from 10 population-based German cancer registries and compared to the data from the US Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) 13 registries database. Patients age 15-74 diagnosed with gastric lymphomas were included in the analysis. Period analysis and modeled period analysis were used to estimate 5-year and 10-year relative survival (RS) in 2002-2010 and survival trends from 2002-2004 to 2008-2010. Overall, the database included 1534 and 2688 patients diagnosed with gastric lymphoma in 1997-2010 in Germany and in the United States, respectively. Survival was substantially higher for MALT (5-year and 10-year RS: 89.0% and 80.9% in Germany, 93.8% and 86.8% in the United States) than for DLBCL (67.5% and 59.2% in Germany, and 65.3% and 54.7% in the United States) in 2002-2010. Survival was slightly higher among female patients and decreased by age for gastric lymphomas combined and its main subtypes. A slight, nonsignificant, increase in the 5-year RS for gastric lymphomas combined was observed in Germany and the United States, with increases in 5-year RS between 2002-2004 and 2008-2010 from 77.1% to 81.0% and from 77.3% to 82.0%, respectively. Five-year RS of MALT exceeded 90% in 2008-2010 in both countries. Five-year RS of MALT meanwhile exceeds 90% in both Germany and the United States, but DLBCL has remained below 70% in both countries. © 2015 Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Foundation and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.

21 CFR 73.85 - Caramel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...-brown liquid or solid material resulting from the carefully controlled heat treatment of the following food-grade carbohydrates: Dextrose. Invert sugar. Lactose. Malt sirup. Molasses. Starch hydrolysates...

21 CFR 73.85 - Caramel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...-brown liquid or solid material resulting from the carefully controlled heat treatment of the following food-grade carbohydrates: Dextrose. Invert sugar. Lactose. Malt sirup. Molasses. Starch hydrolysates...

Depth extraction method with high accuracy in integral imaging based on moving array lenslet technique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Yao-yao; Zhang, Juan; Zhao, Xue-wei; Song, Li-pei; Zhang, Bo; Zhao, Xing

2018-03-01

In order to improve depth extraction accuracy, a method using moving array lenslet technique (MALT) in pickup stage is proposed, which can decrease the depth interval caused by pixelation. In this method, the lenslet array is moved along the horizontal and vertical directions simultaneously for N times in a pitch to get N sets of elemental images. Computational integral imaging reconstruction method for MALT is taken to obtain the slice images of the 3D scene, and the sum modulus (SMD) blur metric is taken on these slice images to achieve the depth information of the 3D scene. Simulation and optical experiments are carried out to verify the feasibility of this method.

Gastric marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and signet ring cell carcinoma, synchronous collision tumour of the stomach: a case report.

PubMed

George, Smiley Annie; Junaid, T A

2014-01-01

To report a rare case of synchronous marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) signet ring cell carcinoma occurring as a collision tumour in the stomach. A 53-year-old man was diagnosed initially with signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach. The microscopy of the subsequent total gastrectomy revealed a collision tumour of MALT lymphoma and signet ring cell carcinoma associated with Helicobacter pylori gastritis. This case highlighted the importance of a careful evaluation of the accompanying lymphoid population in the biopsy samples of gastric adenocarcinoma and underlined the need for multiple endoscopic biopsies to detect these rare synchronous tumours. © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Gastric Marginal Zone Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue and Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma, Synchronous Collision Tumour of the Stomach: A Case Report

PubMed Central

George, Smiley Annie; Junaid, T.A.

2014-01-01

Objective To report a rare case of synchronous marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) signet ring cell carcinoma occurring as a collision tumour in the stomach. Clinical Presentation and Intervention A 53-year-old man was diagnosed initially with signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach. The microscopy of the subsequent total gastrectomy revealed a collision tumour of MALT lymphoma and signet ring cell carcinoma associated with Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Conclusion This case highlighted the importance of a careful evaluation of the accompanying lymphoid population in the biopsy samples of gastric adenocarcinoma and underlined the need for multiple endoscopic biopsies to detect these rare synchronous tumours. PMID:24247357

Transformation of marginal zone lymphoma (and association with other lymphomas).

PubMed

Casulo, Carla; Friedberg, Jonathan

Marginal zone lymphomas (MZL) are a diverse group of indolent lymphoproliferative disorders that comprise three subtypes: nodal, splenic and mucosal associated marginal zone lymphomas (MALT). Histologic transformation (HT) to an aggressive lymphoma is a rare event that can occur in any subtype, and at lower frequency compared to other indolent non Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) like follicular lymphoma. There are few data directly associated with risk and prognosis of transformation in MZL. However, recent advances in the understanding of molecular and genetic features of MALT have contributed to an evolving appreciation of HT in this disease. Optimal treatment of HT of MZL remains unknown. Much of the approach to managing transformed MZL is extrapolated from other indolent NHLs. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Silvicultural systems for the major forest types of the United States

Treesearch

Russell M. Burns

1983-01-01

The current trend toward the establishment and care of forests for a wide combination of uses requires flexibility in forest culture and a knowledge of the silvicultural choices available to the resource manager. This publication summarizes the silvicultural systems that appear biologically feasible, on the basis of present knowledge, for each of 48 major forest types...

Mulberry cells in the thyroid: warthin-finkeldey-like cells in hashimoto thyroiditis-associated lymphoma.

PubMed

Lapadat, Razvan; Nam, Moon Woo; Mehrotra, Swati; Velankar, Milind; Pambuccian, Stefan E

2017-03-01

Warthin-Finkeldey type giant cells were first described in autopsies performed on young children who died during the highly lethal measles epidemic in Palermo during the winter of 1908. The cells had 8-15 nuclei without identifiable cytoplasm within the germinal centers of lymphoid organs resembling megakaryocytes. We describe a case of Hashimoto thyroiditis with an enlarging substernal throid mass. The resection specimen contained many Warthin-Finkeldey-Like Cells (WFLC) in an extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (MALT type) with focal transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The WFLC showed nuclear features similar to those of neighboring follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), favoring the hypothesis that these cells might be the product of fusion of FDCs. This is supported by immunostaining results and the occurrence of similar cells in follicular dendritic cell sarcomas and in "dysplastic" FDCs in hyaline vascular type Castleman disease, a possible precursor of follicular dendritic cell tumors. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:212-216. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Malt sprout, an underused beer by-product with promising potential for the growth and dehydration of lactobacilli strains.

PubMed

Cejas, Luján; Romano, Nelson; Moretti, Ana; Mobili, Pablo; Golowczyc, Marina; Gómez-Zavaglia, Andrea

2017-12-01

Malt sprout (MS), a by-product of the malt industry obtained by removing rootlets and sprouts from the seed of germinated barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.), was used as culture, dehydration and storage medium of three strains of lactobacilli: Lactobacillus salivarius CM-CIDCA 1231B and CM-CIDCA 1232Y and Lactobacillus plantarum CIDCA 83114. The three strains were grown in MS and MS supplemented with 20% w/v fructo-oligosaccharides (MS FOS). Bacterial growth was determined by registering the decrease of pH and by plate counting. Comparable results with those of microorganisms grown in MRS (controls) were observed in terms of lag times, ΔpH and acidification rates. Furthermore, during fermentation, a significant increase of DP6 (FOS with degree of polymerization 6) was observed at expenses of inulin and DP7, probably indicating their hydrolysis. A concomitant decrease of DP3, sucrose and monosaccharides was also observed, as result of their bacterial consumption during growth. The presence of FOS in the fermented media protected microorganisms during freeze-drying and storage, as no decrease of culturability was observed after 60 days at 4 °C (> 10 8 CFU/mL). Using MS appears as an innovative strategy for the production of lactobacilli at large scale, supporting their use for the elaboration of functional foods containing prebiotics and probiotics.

Effect of Dai-kenchu-to (Da-Jian-Zhong-Tang) on the delayed intestinal propulsion induced by chlorpromazine in mice.

PubMed

Satoh, Kazuko; Kase, Yoshio; Yuzurihara, Mitsutoshi; Mizoguchi, Kazushige; Kurauchi, Kouji; Ishige, Atsushi

2003-05-01

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Dai-kenchu-to on chlorpromazine-induced hypoperistalsis in mice. Oral administration of Dai-kenchu-to (30-300 mg/kg) dose-dependently improved small intestinal and distal colonic propulsion decreased by chlorpromazine (3 mg/kg, p.o.). Although the improvement of small intestinal propulsion due to Dai-kenchu-to was partially inhibited by atropine (1 mg/kg, s.c.), this action was completely inhibited by the concomitant administration of lorglumide (10 mg/kg, i.p.), a CCKA receptor antagonist. The distal colonic propulsion-improving effect of Dai-kenchu-to was abolished by atropine (1 mg/kg, s.c.). When the effects of the respective components of Dai-kenchu-to were evaluated, oral administration of Zanthoxylum Fruit improved both delayed small intestinal and distal colonic propulsion caused by chlorpromazine. On the other hand, Malt Sugar was effective against only delayed small intestinal propulsion. The action of Zanthoxylum Fruit was completely inhibited by atropine (1 mg/kg, s.c.), and the effect of Malt Sugar was inhibited by lorglumide (10 mg/kg, i.p.). These results demonstrated that Dai-kenchu-to improves chlorpromazine-induced hypoperistalsis via cholinergic systems and that Zanthoxylum Fruit is the main contributor to this action of Dai-kenchu-to. In addition, endogenous CCK due to Malt Sugar may also contribute to this effect of Dai-kenchu-to.

Textile dye removal from aqueous solutions by malt bagasse: Isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic studies.

PubMed

Fontana, Klaiani B; Chaves, Eduardo S; Sanchez, Jefferson D S; Watanabe, Erica R L R; Pietrobelli, Juliana M T A; Lenzi, Giane G

2016-02-01

The biosorption of orange solimax TGL 182% (OS-TGL) textile dye onto new and low cost biossorbent (malt bagasse) in aqueous solutions was investigated. The malt bagasse was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and specific surface area (BET method).Batch biosorption experiments were conducted in order to determine the following parameters: particles size, pH, agitation speed, temperature, contact time, biomass dosage, influence of the ionic strength and, finally, the influence of other textile dye on the OS-TGL biosorption. The optimum conditions for OS-TGL removal were obtained at pH 1.5, agitation speed of 150rpm, contact time of 180min and biomass dosage 2, 8gL(-1). The results show that the kinetics of biosorption followed a pseudo-second-order model and by increasing the temperature from 293 up to 313K, the biosorption capacity was improved. The Langmuir model showed better fit and the estimated biosorption capacity was 23.2mgg(-1). The negative values of Gibbs free energy, ΔG°, and positive value of enthalpy, ΔH°, confirm the spontaneous nature and endothermic character of the biosorption process. The results of the ionic strength effect indicated that the biosorption process under study had a strong tolerance in high salt concentrations. The removal capacity (>95%) was not affected with the presence of other textile dyes. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy Is Effective as the Initial Treatment for Patients with H. pylori-Negative and Disseminated Gastric Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma.

PubMed

Gong, Eun Jeong; Ahn, Ji Yong; Jung, Hwoon-Yong; Park, Hyungchul; Ko, Young Bo; Na, Hee Kyong; Jung, Kee Wook; Kim, Do Hoon; Lee, Jeong Hoon; Choi, Kee Don; Song, Ho June; Lee, Gin Hyug; Kim, Jin-Ho

2016-09-15

We investigated the effectiveness of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy for gastric mucosaassociated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma regardless of the H. pylori infection status or disease stage. From November 1995 to September 2014, 345 subjects who were diagnosed with gastric MALT lymphoma and had received eradication therapy as their first-line treatment were eligible for inclusion in this study. A retrospective review was performed using the medical records. Of the 345 patients, H. pylori infection was detected in 317 patients (91.9%). The complete remission (CR) rate after eradication therapy was 82.3%, which was higher in H. pylori -positive patients than in H. pylori-negative patients (84.5% vs 57.1%, p=0.001). CR rates after eradication did not present significant differences between stages, and the CR rate was 83.3% for stage IE1 and 74.4% for stage IE2 or above (p=0.167). The overall CR rate was 87.2% after additional treatment, and neither H. pylori infection status nor stage showed differences according to the treatment response. Eradication therapy led to CR in 57.1% of H. pylori-negative patients and in 74.4% of patients with stage IE2 or above. Eradication therapy is worthwhile as an initial treatment for gastric MALT lymphoma regardless of the H. pylori infection status and stage.

Carbohydrates

MedlinePlus

... of the great nutrients. That's why your best bet is whole grain. Enriched products means some of ... Molasses Syrup and malt syrup If you are thinking about using a sugar substitute, you may wonder ...

Applying AI to the Writer's Learning Environment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Houlette, Forrest

1991-01-01

Discussion of current applications of artificial intelligence (AI) to writing focuses on how to represent knowledge of the writing process in a way that links procedural knowledge to other types of knowledge. A model is proposed that integrates the subtasks of writing into the process of writing itself. (15 references) (LRW)

41 CFR 109-48.101-6 - Transfer to other Federal agencies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Property Management Regulations System (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY PROPERTY MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS..., wine, and malt beverages for medicinal, scientific, or mechanical purposes or any other official...

41 CFR 109-48.101-6 - Transfer to other Federal agencies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Property Management Regulations System (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY PROPERTY MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS..., wine, and malt beverages for medicinal, scientific, or mechanical purposes or any other official...

41 CFR 109-48.101-6 - Transfer to other Federal agencies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Property Management Regulations System (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY PROPERTY MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS..., wine, and malt beverages for medicinal, scientific, or mechanical purposes or any other official...

Engaging and empowering patients to manage their type 2 diabetes, Part I: a knowledge, attitude, and practice gap?

PubMed

Serrano-Gil, Manuel; Jacob, Stephan

2010-06-01

For over 20 years, the World Health Assembly has recognized diabetes (type 1 and type 2) as a serious threat to national health and economic development and called for action regarding its prevention and control. However, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes continues to rise despite a significant percentage of cases being preventable. Furthermore, data suggest that in many patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) levels remain above the agreed international and national target levels, despite the availability of numerous antihyperglycemic agents, the best intentions of both patient and physician, and the support of the wider healthcare team. Part I of this two-part review considers evidence that seems to suggest there is a knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) gap in type 2 diabetes, and that although theoretical knowledge of how type 2 diabetes should be managed exists, the attitude of patients and healthcare professionals may influence the practicalities of implementing life-enhancing changes for patients living day-to-day with the condition. Here, we consider why there may be a KAP gap, how type 2 diabetes is currently being assessed and managed, and whether these current management approaches remain valid in the light of recent studies evaluating the impact of lowering current target HbA(1c) levels. This article also explores how encouraging patients to self-manage their disease, as well as engaging all stakeholders in the necessary behavioral changes, can positively influence the long-term treatment outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes.

27 CFR 6.44 - Free warehousing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... warehousing. The furnishing of free warehousing by delaying delivery of distilled spirits, wine, or malt... extended, is the furnishing of a service or thing of value within the meaning of the Act. ...

27 CFR 11.39 - Seasonal dealers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS CONSIGNMENT SALES Rules for the Return of Distilled Spirits, Wine, and Malt Beverages Exchanges and Returns for Ordinary and Usual Commercial Reasons § 11.39 Seasonal dealers. Industry...

27 CFR 25.252 - Records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... TREASURY ALCOHOL BEER Removal of Brewer's Yeast and Other Articles § 25.252 Records. (a) Production. The... of brewer's yeast, malt and other articles from the brewery. The record shall include the quantity...

27 CFR 25.252 - Records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... TREASURY ALCOHOL BEER Removal of Brewer's Yeast and Other Articles § 25.252 Records. (a) Production. The... of brewer's yeast, malt and other articles from the brewery. The record shall include the quantity...

27 CFR 25.252 - Records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... TREASURY LIQUORS BEER Removal of Brewer's Yeast and Other Articles § 25.252 Records. (a) Production. The... of brewer's yeast, malt and other articles from the brewery. The record shall include the quantity...

27 CFR 25.252 - Records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... TREASURY LIQUORS BEER Removal of Brewer's Yeast and Other Articles § 25.252 Records. (a) Production. The... of brewer's yeast, malt and other articles from the brewery. The record shall include the quantity...

27 CFR 25.252 - Records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... TREASURY LIQUORS BEER Removal of Brewer's Yeast and Other Articles § 25.252 Records. (a) Production. The... of brewer's yeast, malt and other articles from the brewery. The record shall include the quantity...

Evaluation of malt spent rootlets biochar as catalyst for biodiesel production.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pantiora, Dimitra

2014-05-01

Evaluation of malt spent rootlets biochar as catalyst for biodiesel production. Dimitra Pantiora1, Hrissi K. Karapanagioti1, Ioannis D. Manariotis2, Alexis Lycourghiotis1, Christos Kordulis1,3 (1) University of Patras, Department of Chemistry, GR 26500, Patras, Greece, (2) University of Patras, Department of Civil Engineering, Patras, Greece, (3) Institute of Chemical Engineering Science (FORTH/ ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., Platani, GR 26500, Patras, Greece Biodiesel is an attractive renewable fuel, environmentally friendly, and can readily be synthesized from the triglycerides found in animal fats and vegetable oils. It can be used in existing engines. Biodiesel consists of fatty acid alkyl esters. Conversion of triglycerides to biodiesel fuel is commonly achieved through a series of transesterification reactions involving the reaction of an alkoxy group of an ester (i.e., mono-, di-, or triglyceride) with that of a small alcohol (usually methanol). This reaction is traditionally catalyzed by homogeneous catalysts, such as bases or mineral acids. Basic catalysts have been proved to be much more active than acidic ones. However, due to environmental (waste water) and economic concerns (catalyst separation and product and by-product cleaning), heterogeneous catalysts are much more desirable. In the present study we have evaluated the use of biochar, produced from malt spent rootlets, as a potential basic catalyst, for transesterification of triglycerides using triacetin as a probe molecule. The biochar used in this study was prepared by heating malt spent rootlets in an oxygen-limited environment. It is a carbon rich material, containing 66% C, 22% O, 0.45% Mg, 0.86% Si, 5.7% K, 1.5% Cl, 0.61% Ca, and 2.4% P. Aqueous suspension of this material equilibrates at pH= 10. This is probably due to high K content. Furthermore, it exhibits high specific surface area (SSA= 183 m2g-1). The above described characteristics make this material very promising catalyst for transesterification reactions. Indeed, the corresponding catalytic tests showed that 100% transesterification of triacetin can be achieved into 0.5 hour. This activity was maintained at least for 4 successive catalytic runs.

Application and possible benefits of high hydrostatic pressure or high-pressure homogenization on beer processing: A review.

PubMed

Santos, Lígia Mr; Oliveira, Fabiano A; Ferreira, Elisa Hr; Rosenthal, Amauri

2017-10-01

Beer is the most consumed beverage in the world, especially in countries such as USA, China and Brazil.It is an alcoholic beverage made from malted cereals, and the barley malt is the main ingredient, added with water, hops and yeast. High-pressure processing is a non-traditional method to preserve food and beverages. This technology has become more interesting compared to heat pasteurization, due to the minimal changes it brings to the original nutritional and sensory characteristics of the product, and it comprises two processes: high hydrostatic pressure, which is the most industrially used process, and high-pressure homogenization. The use of high pressure almost does not affect the molecules that are responsible for the aroma and taste, pigments and vitamins compared to the conventional thermal processes. Thus, the products processed by high-pressure processing have similar characteristics compared to fresh products, including beer. The aim of this paper was to review what has been investigated about beer processing using this technology regarding the effects on physicochemical, microbiology and sensory characteristics and related issues. It is organized by processing steps, since high pressure can be applied to malting, mashing, boiling, filtration and pasteurization. Therefore, the beer processed with high-pressure processing may have an extended shelf-life because this process can inactivate beer spoilage microorganisms and result in a superior sensory quality related to freshness and preservation of flavors as it does to juices that are already commercialized. However, beyond this application, high-pressure processing can modify protein structures, such as enzymes that are present in the malt, like α- and β-amylases. This process can activate enzymes to promote, for example, saccharification, or instead inactivate at the end of mashing, depending on the pressure the product is submitted, besides being capable of isomerizing hops to raise beer bitterness. As a consequence, the process may reduce steam demand and residue generation. Therefore, the use of high-pressure processing can potentially replace or be combined with heat processes usually applied to beer, thus bringing benefits to the sensory quality of the product and to the environment.

27 CFR 11.31 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... TREASURY LIQUORS CONSIGNMENT SALES Rules for the Return of Distilled Spirits, Wine, and Malt Beverages § 11... products, and outline the conditions and limitations for such returns. (b) An industry member is under no...

76 FR 74847 - Privacy Act of 1974, as Amended

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-01

... spirits, malt beverage, and wine industries; and interact with Federal, State, and local governmental..., grant, or other benefit by the requesting agency, to the extent that the information is relevant and...

Authoring, Pedagogy, and the Web: Expectations versus Reality.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bangs, Paul

2002-01-01

Discusses two easy-to-use authoring systems--"Potatoes" and "MALTED"--for designing Web-based language instruction. Provides a check list of advice for would-be authors of language learning programs. (Author/VWL)

75 FR 57813 - Proposed Supplementary Rules on Public Land, Idaho

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-22

... means any beverage obtained by the alcoholic fermentation of an infusion or decoction of barley, malt... fermentation of the natural sugar content of fruits (grapes, apples, etc.) or other agricultural products...

Exposure to Glycolytic Carbon Sources Reveals a Novel Layer of Regulation for the MalT Regulon.

PubMed

Reimann, Sylvia A; Wolfe, Alan J

2011-01-01

Bacteria adapt to changing environments by means of tightly coordinated regulatory circuits. The use of synthetic lethality, a genetic phenomenon in which the combination of two nonlethal mutations causes cell death, facilitates identification and study of such circuitry. In this study, we show that the E. coli ompR malT(con) double mutant exhibits a synthetic lethal phenotype that is environmentally conditional. MalT(con), the constitutively active form of the maltose system regulator MalT, causes elevated expression of the outer membrane porin LamB, which leads to death in the absence of the osmoregulator OmpR. However, the presence and metabolism of glycolytic carbon sources, such as sorbitol, promotes viability and unveils a novel layer of regulation within the complex circuitry that controls maltose transport and metabolism.

Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy Is Effective as the Initial Treatment for Patients with H. pylori-Negative and Disseminated Gastric Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma

PubMed Central

Gong, Eun Jeong; Ahn, Ji Yong; Jung, Hwoon-Yong; Park, Hyungchul; Ko, Young Bo; Na, Hee Kyong; Jung, Kee Wook; Kim, Do Hoon; Lee, Jeong Hoon; Choi, Kee Don; Song, Ho June; Lee, Gin Hyug; Kim, Jin-Ho

2016-01-01

Background/Aims We investigated the effectiveness of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy for gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma regardless of the H. pylori infection status or disease stage. Methods From November 1995 to September 2014, 345 subjects who were diagnosed with gastric MALT lymphoma and had received eradication therapy as their first-line treatment were eligible for inclusion in this study. A retrospective review was performed using the medical records. Results Of the 345 patients, H. pylori infection was detected in 317 patients (91.9%). The complete remission (CR) rate after eradication therapy was 82.3%, which was higher in H. pylori-positive patients than in H. pylori-negative patients (84.5% vs 57.1%, p=0.001). CR rates after eradication did not present significant differences between stages, and the CR rate was 83.3% for stage IE1 and 74.4% for stage IE2 or above (p=0.167). The overall CR rate was 87.2% after additional treatment, and neither H. pylori infection status nor stage showed differences according to the treatment response. Conclusions Eradication therapy led to CR in 57.1% of H. pylori-negative patients and in 74.4% of patients with stage IE2 or above. Eradication therapy is worthwhile as an initial treatment for gastric MALT lymphoma regardless of the H. pylori infection status and stage. PMID:27114423

78 FR 79076 - Currently Approved Information Collection: Comment Request for Generic Clearance for the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-27

... and efficiency of existing products and services; to obtain knowledge about the potential public... audiences and customers. Current Actions: None. Type of Review: Extension. Affected Public: Individuals or...

27 CFR 25.15 - Materials for the production of beer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

..., grain of any kind, bran, glucose, sugar, and molasses are substitutes for malt. In addition, you may... consist of alcohol derived from added flavors and other nonbeverage ingredients containing alcohol. [T.D...

27 CFR 25.15 - Materials for the production of beer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

..., grain of any kind, bran, glucose, sugar, and molasses are substitutes for malt. In addition, you may... consist of alcohol derived from added flavors and other nonbeverage ingredients containing alcohol. [T.D...

27 CFR 25.15 - Materials for the production of beer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

..., grain of any kind, bran, glucose, sugar, and molasses are substitutes for malt. In addition, you may... consist of alcohol derived from added flavors and other nonbeverage ingredients containing alcohol. [T.D...

27 CFR 25.15 - Materials for the production of beer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

..., grain of any kind, bran, glucose, sugar, and molasses are substitutes for malt. In addition, you may... consist of alcohol derived from added flavors and other nonbeverage ingredients containing alcohol. [T.D...

27 CFR 13.11 - Meaning of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 27 CFR Part 13, Labeling Proceedings. Brewer. Any person who brews beer (except a person who produces... combination of both, in potable brewing water, of malted barley with hops, or their parts, or their products...

27 CFR 25.4 - Related regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS BEER Scope of Regulations § 25.4 Related regulations. Regulations relating to this part are listed below: 27 CFR Part 7—Labeling and Advertising of Malt Beverages. 27 CFR Part 28...

27 CFR 25.4 - Related regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS BEER Scope of Regulations § 25.4 Related regulations. Regulations relating to this part are listed below: 27 CFR Part 7—Labeling and Advertising of Malt Beverages. 27 CFR Part 28...

27 CFR 25.4 - Related regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS BEER Scope of Regulations § 25.4 Related regulations. Regulations relating to this part are listed below: 27 CFR Part 7—Labeling and Advertising of Malt Beverages. 27 CFR Part 28...

27 CFR 25.4 - Related regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL BEER Scope of Regulations § 25.4 Related regulations. Regulations relating to this part are listed below: 27 CFR Part 7—Labeling and Advertising of Malt Beverages. 27 CFR Part 28...

27 CFR 25.4 - Related regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL BEER Scope of Regulations § 25.4 Related regulations. Regulations relating to this part are listed below: 27 CFR Part 7—Labeling and Advertising of Malt Beverages. 27 CFR Part 28...

27 CFR 7.3 - Forms prescribed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... THE TREASURY LIQUORS LABELING AND ADVERTISING OF MALT BEVERAGES Scope § 7.3 Forms prescribed. (a) The... prescribed by this part are available for printing through the TTB Web site (http://www.ttb.gov) or by...

7 CFR 810.205 - Grades and grade requirements for Two-rowed Malting barley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... (percent) Maximum limits of— Wild oats (percent) Foreign material (percent) Skinned and broken kernels... Injured-by-frost kernels and injured-by-mold kernels are not considered damaged kernels or considered...

Iterating between lessons on concepts and procedures can improve mathematics knowledge.

PubMed

Rittle-Johnson, Bethany; Koedinger, Kenneth

2009-09-01

Knowledge of concepts and procedures seems to develop in an iterative fashion, with increases in one type of knowledge leading to increases in the other type of knowledge. This suggests that iterating between lessons on concepts and procedures may improve learning. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the instructional benefits of an iterative lesson sequence compared to a concepts-before-procedures sequence for students learning decimal place-value concepts and arithmetic procedures. In two classroom experiments, sixth-grade students from two schools participated (N=77 and 26). Students completed six decimal lessons on an intelligent-tutoring systems. In the iterative condition, lessons cycled between concept and procedure lessons. In the concepts-first condition, all concept lessons were presented before introducing the procedure lessons. In both experiments, students in the iterative condition gained more knowledge of arithmetic procedures, including ability to transfer the procedures to problems with novel features. Knowledge of concepts was fairly comparable across conditions. Finally, pre-test knowledge of one type predicted gains in knowledge of the other type across experiments. An iterative sequencing of lessons seems to facilitate learning and transfer, particularly of mathematical procedures. The findings support an iterative perspective for the development of knowledge of concepts and procedures.

The elements of design knowledge capture

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Freeman, Michael S.

1988-01-01

This paper will present the basic constituents of a design knowledge capture effort. This will include a discussion of the types of knowledge to be captured in such an effort and the difference between design knowledge capture and more traditional knowledge base construction. These differences include both knowledge base structure and knowledge acquisition approach. The motivation for establishing a design knowledge capture effort as an integral part of major NASA programs will be outlined, along with the current NASA position on that subject. Finally the approach taken in design knowledge capture for Space Station will be contrasted with that used in the HSTDEK project.

76 FR 40391 - Final Supplementary Rules on Public Lands in Idaho

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-08

... by the alcoholic fermentation of an infusion or decoction of barley, malt and/or other ingredients in drinkable water. Wine means any alcoholic beverage obtained by the fermentation of the natural sugar content...

27 CFR 7.41 - Certificates of label approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS LABELING AND ADVERTISING OF MALT BEVERAGES Requirements for Approval of..., as well as appeal procedures, see part 13 of this chapter. [T.D. ATF-406, 64 FR 2129, Jan. 13, 1999...

27 CFR 7.31 - Label approval and release.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS LABELING AND ADVERTISING OF MALT BEVERAGES Requirements for Withdrawal of... approval, as well as appeal procedures, see part 13 of this chapter. [T.D. ATF-66, 45 FR 40552, June 13...

The sustainable utilization of malting industry wastewater biological treatment sludge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vasilenko, T. A.; Svintsov, A. V.; Chernysh, I. V.

2018-01-01

The article deals with the research of using the sludge from malting industry wastewater’s biological treatment and the calcium carbonate slurry as organo-mineral fertilizing additives. The sludge, generated as a result of industrial wastewater biological treatment, is subject to dumping at solid domestic waste landfills, which has a negative impact on the environment, though its properties and composition allow using it as an organic fertilizer. The physical and chemical properties of both wastes have been studied; the recommendations concerning the optimum composition of soil mix, containing the above-mentioned components, have been provided. The phytotoxic effect on the germination capacity and sprouts of cress (Lepidium sativum), barley (Hordéum vulgáre) and oats (Avena sativa) in soil mixes has been determined. The heavy metals and arsenic contents in the sludge does not exceed the allowable level; it is also free of pathogenic flora and helminthes.

The Temperature Fuzzy Control System of Barleythe Malt Drying Based on Microcontroller

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, Xiaoyang; Bi, Yang; Zhang, Lili; Chen, Jingjing; Yun, Jianmin

The control strategy of temperature and humidity in the beer barley malt drying chamber based on fuzzy logic control was implemented.Expounded in this paper was the selection of parameters for the structure of the regulatory device, as well as the essential design from control rules based on the existing experience. A temperature fuzzy controller was thus constructed using relevantfuzzy logic, and humidity control was achieved by relay, ensured the situation of the humidity to control the temperature. The temperature's fuzzy control and the humidity real-time control were all processed by single chip microcomputer with assembly program. The experimental results showed that the temperature control performance of this fuzzy regulatory system,especially in the ways of working stability and responding speed and so on,was better than normal used PID control. The cost of real-time system was inquite competitive position. It was demonstrated that the system have a promising prospect of extensive application.

Autoimmune neutropenia preceding Helicobacter pylori-negative MALT lymphoma with nodal dissemination

PubMed Central

Harada, Saori; Yamazaki, Sho; Nakamura, Fumihiko; Morita, Ken; Yoshimi, Akihide; Shinozaki-Ushiku, Aya; Fukayama, Masashi; Kurokawa, Mineo

2014-01-01

Autoimmune neutropenia (AIN), resulting from granulocyte-specific autoantibodies, is much less frequent than other autoimmune hematologic disorders including autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). These autoimmune disorders may precede, synchronize, or follow collagen disorders, viral infections, and lymphoid neoplasms. Herein we present the first case of AIN in association with Helicobacter pylori-negative mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma with nodal dissemination. In our case, AIN, accompanied by ITP, occurred prior to the clinical manifestation of lymphoma. AIN and ITP were well managed afterwards, but they relapsed in accordance with the recurrence of lymphoma. The administration of prednisolone at 0.5 mg/kg daily alleviated the cytopenias within a week. In general, combination chemotherapy is performed for the treatment of lymphoma-associated autoimmune hematologic disorders and indeed seems to be effective. Our case indicates that corticosteroid monotherapy may be effective for lymphoma-associated AIN especially when AIN precedes the onset of lymphoma. PMID:25337296

Morphology of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in odontocetes.

PubMed

Silva, Fernanda M O; Guimarães, Juliana P; Vergara-Parente, Jociery E; Carvalho, Vitor L; Carolina, Ana; Meirelles, O; Marmontel, Miriam; Oliveira, Bruno S S P; Santos, Silvanise M; Becegato, Estella Z; Evangelista, Janaina S A M; Miglino, Maria Angelica

2016-09-01

This study describes the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) in odontocetes from the Brazilian coast and freshwater systems. Seven species were evaluated and tissue samples were analyzed by light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. Laryngeal tonsil was a palpable oval mass located in the larynx, composed of a lymphoepithelial complex. Dense collections of lymphocytes were found in the skin of male fetus and calf. Clusters of lymphoid tissue were found in the uterine cervix of a reproductively active juvenile female and along the pulmonary artery of an adult female. Lymphoid tissues associated with the gastrointestinal tract were characterized by diffusely arranged or organized lymphocytes. The anal tonsil was composed of an aggregate of lymphoid tissue occurring exclusively in the anal canal, being composed of squamous epithelium branches. MALT was present in different tissues and organic systems of cetaceans, providing constant protection against mucosal pathogens present in their environment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Interference of age and supplementation of direct-fed microbial and essential oil in the activity of digestive enzymes and expression of genes related to transport and digestion of carbohydrates and proteins in the small intestine of broilers.

PubMed

Fernandez-Alarcon, M F; Trottier, N; Steibel, J P; Lunedo, R; Campos, D M B; Santana, A M; Pizauro, J M; Furlan, R L; Furlan, L R

2017-08-01

The objectives of this study were to describe alterations that age and dietary inclusion of direct-fed microbial (DFM) Bacillus subtilis (BS) and a specific essential oil (EO) blend (carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, cineol, and pepper extract) causes in the activity of digestive enzymes (maltase: MALT; aminopeptidase-N: APN; intestinal alkaline phosphate: IAP) and expression patterns of genes related to transport (oligopeptide transporter gene: SLC15A1; Na+-dependent glucose and galactose transporter gene: SLC5A1; Na+-independent glucose, galactose, and fructose transporter gene: SLC2A2; ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting gene: ATP1A1) and digestion (aminopeptidase-N gene: ANPEP; maltase-glucoamylase gene: MGAM; Sucrase-isomaltase gene: SI) of carbohydrates and proteins in the small intestine of broilers. Also, the objective was to analyze if growth performance of broilers is affected by supplementation (BS and EO blend). Day-old male broiler chicks (n = 1,320) were assigned to 5 treatments. Diets included a basal diet (BD) as a negative control (CON); experimental diets were BD + BS; BD + BS + EO; BD + EO; BD + antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) avilamycin was the positive control. Performance was evaluated between 1 to 42 d. Transcript abundance of transport-related genes and digestion-related genes were assayed by RT-qPCR and determined at d 7, 21, and 42. MALT-, APN-, and IAP-specific activities were determined at d 7, 21, and 42. Broilers fed BS had greater SLC15A1 mRNA abundance compared to CON, while EO and AGP were related to higher activities of IAP and APN. Analysis over time revealed higher abundance of MGAM, SLC2A2, SLC15A1, SLC5A1 and SI mRNA at d 42 when compared to d 7. Activity of IAP decreased after d 7 and activity of MALT increased with age. The current study suggests that age had effect over carbohydrate and protein transport and carbohydrate digestion. The supplementation of BS DFM hade evident effect over protein transport and that the use of EO in the diet enhanced the activities of carbohydrate and protein digestion, reflecting improvement in digestive and transport physiology of birds. Changes performed by BS DFM and EO did not favor performance. © 2017 Poultry Science Association Inc.

Chemical composition analysis and authentication of whisky.

PubMed

Wiśniewska, Paulina; Dymerski, Tomasz; Wardencki, Waldemar; Namieśnik, Jacek

2015-08-30

Whisky (whiskey) is one of the most popular spirit-based drinks made from malted or saccharified grains, which should mature for at least 3 years in wooden barrels. High popularity of products usually causes a potential risk of adulteration. Thus authenticity assessment is one of the key elements of food product marketing. Authentication of whisky is based on comparing the composition of this alcohol with other spirit drinks. The present review summarizes all information about the comparison of whisky and other alcoholic beverages, the identification of type of whisky or the assessment of its quality and finally the authentication of whisky. The article also presents the various techniques used for analyzing whisky, such as gas and liquid chromatography with different types of detectors (FID, AED, UV-Vis), electronic nose, atomic absorption spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. In some cases the application of chemometric methods is also described, namely PCA, DFA, LDA, ANOVA, SIMCA, PNN, k-NN and CA, as well as preparation techniques such SPME or SPE. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry.

Gastric and colonic mantle cell lymphoma - incidental discovery.

PubMed

Pitigoi, Dan; Stoica, Victor; Stoia, Razvan; Dobrea, Camelia; Becheanu, Gabriel; Diculescu, Mircea

2009-03-01

A 65-year old patient, with no medical history, was admitted for lower gastrointestinal bleeding. On clinical examination the patient seemed to be in good health. However the examination was completed with a rectosigmoidoscopy revealing the presence of mucosal erosions, ulcerations, multiple papulae. The histopathological examination raised the suspicion of a colonic lymphoma. Gastric biopsies suggested a gastric MALT type lymphoma associated to the colonic lymphoma, but the immunohistochemical profile corresponded to a mantle cell lymphoma. In spite of the general poor prognosis of mantle cell lymphoma, our patient had a good clinical and endoscopic response to the standard cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone (CVP) therapy. The cases of gastric and colonic mantle lymphoma are rare, the response to therapy is poor; fortunately, our patient had a complete resolution after completion of the six cycles of chemotherapy.

Olfactory learning without the mushroom bodies: Spiking neural network models of the honeybee lateral antennal lobe tract reveal its capacities in odour memory tasks of varied complexities

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

The honeybee olfactory system is a well-established model for understanding functional mechanisms of learning and memory. Olfactory stimuli are first processed in the antennal lobe, and then transferred to the mushroom body and lateral horn through dual pathways termed medial and lateral antennal lobe tracts (m-ALT and l-ALT). Recent studies reported that honeybees can perform elemental learning by associating an odour with a reward signal even after lesions in m-ALT or blocking the mushroom bodies. To test the hypothesis that the lateral pathway (l-ALT) is sufficient for elemental learning, we modelled local computation within glomeruli in antennal lobes with axons of projection neurons connecting to a decision neuron (LHN) in the lateral horn. We show that inhibitory spike-timing dependent plasticity (modelling non-associative plasticity by exposure to different stimuli) in the synapses from local neurons to projection neurons decorrelates the projection neurons’ outputs. The strength of the decorrelations is regulated by global inhibitory feedback within antennal lobes to the projection neurons. By additionally modelling octopaminergic modification of synaptic plasticity among local neurons in the antennal lobes and projection neurons to LHN connections, the model can discriminate and generalize olfactory stimuli. Although positive patterning can be accounted for by the l-ALT model, negative patterning requires further processing and mushroom body circuits. Thus, our model explains several–but not all–types of associative olfactory learning and generalization by a few neural layers of odour processing in the l-ALT. As an outcome of the combination between non-associative and associative learning, the modelling approach allows us to link changes in structural organization of honeybees' antennal lobes with their behavioural performances over the course of their life. PMID:28640825

Marginal zone lymphoma: old, new, targeted, and epigenetic therapies

PubMed Central

Joshi, Monika; Sheikh, Hassan; Abbi, Kamal; Long, Sarah; Sharma, Kamal; Tulchinsky, Mark

2012-01-01

Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) is an indolent B-cell lymphoma arising from marginal zone B-cells present in lymph nodes and extranodal tissues. MZL comprises 5–17% of all non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas in adults. The World Health Organization categorizes MZL into three distinct types based on their site of impact: (1) splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL); (2) nodal marginal zone lymphoma (NMZL); (3) extranodal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, which can be subdivided into gastric and nongastric. The subgroups of MZL share some common features but are different in their biology and behavior. Owing to the rarity of MZL there are few randomized trials available comparing various treatment options and therefore treatment is controversial, lacking standard guidelines. Treatment should be patient tailored and can range from a ‘watchful waiting’ approach for asymptomatic patients without cytopenias to surgery or localized radiation therapy. Rituximab in combination with chemotherapy has resulted in longer failure-free survival than chemotherapy alone in patients with SMZL. Helicobacter pylori positive gastric MALT shows a good response rate to triple antibiotic therapy. Newer therapies such as bendamustine, everolimus, lenalidomide, vorinostat and phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors are in clinical trials for patients with relapsed or refractory MZL and have shown promising results. We are presently conducting clinical trials testing the efficacy of the epigenetic activity of cladribine as a hypomethylating agent in combination with the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) vorinostat and rituximab in patients with MZL. Further studies with the newer agents should be done both in newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory MZL to streamline the care and to avoid the use of toxic chemotherapies as initial treatment. PMID:23616915

Olfactory learning without the mushroom bodies: Spiking neural network models of the honeybee lateral antennal lobe tract reveal its capacities in odour memory tasks of varied complexities.

PubMed

MaBouDi, HaDi; Shimazaki, Hideaki; Giurfa, Martin; Chittka, Lars

2017-06-01

The honeybee olfactory system is a well-established model for understanding functional mechanisms of learning and memory. Olfactory stimuli are first processed in the antennal lobe, and then transferred to the mushroom body and lateral horn through dual pathways termed medial and lateral antennal lobe tracts (m-ALT and l-ALT). Recent studies reported that honeybees can perform elemental learning by associating an odour with a reward signal even after lesions in m-ALT or blocking the mushroom bodies. To test the hypothesis that the lateral pathway (l-ALT) is sufficient for elemental learning, we modelled local computation within glomeruli in antennal lobes with axons of projection neurons connecting to a decision neuron (LHN) in the lateral horn. We show that inhibitory spike-timing dependent plasticity (modelling non-associative plasticity by exposure to different stimuli) in the synapses from local neurons to projection neurons decorrelates the projection neurons' outputs. The strength of the decorrelations is regulated by global inhibitory feedback within antennal lobes to the projection neurons. By additionally modelling octopaminergic modification of synaptic plasticity among local neurons in the antennal lobes and projection neurons to LHN connections, the model can discriminate and generalize olfactory stimuli. Although positive patterning can be accounted for by the l-ALT model, negative patterning requires further processing and mushroom body circuits. Thus, our model explains several-but not all-types of associative olfactory learning and generalization by a few neural layers of odour processing in the l-ALT. As an outcome of the combination between non-associative and associative learning, the modelling approach allows us to link changes in structural organization of honeybees' antennal lobes with their behavioural performances over the course of their life.

Over-expression of (1,3;1,4)-β-D-glucanase isoenzyme EII gene results in decreased (1,3;1,4)-β-D-glucan content and increased starch level in barley grains.

PubMed

Han, Ning; Na, Chenglong; Chai, Yuqiong; Chen, Jianshu; Zhang, Zhongbo; Bai, Bin; Bian, Hongwu; Zhang, Yuhong; Zhu, Muyuan

2017-01-01

High content of (1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucan in barley grains is regarded as an undesirable factor affecting malting potential, brewing yield and feed utilization. Production of thermostable bacterial (1,3;1,4)-β-glucanase in transgenic barley grain or supplementation of exogenous bacterial (1,3;1,4)-β-glucanase has been used to improve malt and feed quality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of over-expression of an endogenous (1,3;1,4)-β-glucanase on β-glucan content and grain composition in barley. A construct containing full-length HvGlb2 cDNA encoding barley (1,3;1,4)-β-glucanase isoenzyme EII under the control of a promoter of barley D-Hordein gene Hor3-1 was introduced into barley cultivar Golden Promise via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and transgenic plants were regenerated after hygromycin selection. The T 2 generation of proHor3:HvGlb2 transgenic lines showed increased activity of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucanase in grains. Total β-glucan content was reduced by more than 95.73% in transgenic grains compared with the wild-type control. Meanwhile, over-expression of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucanase led to an increase in 1000-grain weight, which might be due to elevated amounts of starch in the grain. Manipulating the expression of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucanase EII can control the β-glucan content in grain with no apparent harmful effects on grain quality of transgenic plants. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

[Eye-associated lymphoid tissue (EALT) is continuously spread throughout the ocular surface from the lacrimal gland to the lacrimal drainage system].

PubMed

Knop, E; Knop, N

2003-11-01

Components of the mucosal immune system (MALT) have been identified in the conjunctiva (as CALT) and the lacrimal drainage system (as LDALT). Their structural and functional relation with the established immune protection by the lacrimal gland is unclear. Macroscopically normal and complete tissues of the conjunctiva, lacrimal drainage system and lacrimal gland from human body donors were investigated by analysis of translucent whole mounts, and using histology, immunohistology as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy. A typical diffuse lymphoid tissue, composed of effector cells of the immune system (T-lymphocytes and IgA producing plasma cells) under an epithelium that contains the IgA transporter SC, is not isolated in the conjunctiva and lacrimal drainage system. It is anatomically continuous from the lacrimal gland along its excretory ducts into the conjunctiva and from there via the lacrimal canaliculi into the lacrimal drainage system. Lymphoid follicles occur in a majority (about 60%) and with bilateral symmetry. The topography of CALT corresponds to the position of the cornea in the closed eye. These results show that the MALT of the lacrimal gland, conjunctiva and lacrimal drainage system constitute an anatomical and functional unit for immune protection of the ocular surface. Therefore it should be integrated as an "eye-associated lymphoid tissue" (EALT) into the MALT system of the body. EALT can detect ocular surface antigens by the lymphoid follicles and can supply other organs and the ocular surface including the lacrimal gland with specific effector cells via the regulated recirculation of lymphoid cells.

IgG4-positive extranodal marginal zone lymphoma arising in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: clinicopathological and cytogenetic features of a hitherto undescribed condition.

PubMed

Tan, Char-Loo; Ong, Yew-Kwang; Tan, Soo-Yong; Ng, Siok-Bian

2016-05-01

Hashimoto's thyroiditis was recently divided into IgG4-plasma cell-rich and IgG4-plasma cell-poor subtypes. The former, also known as IgG4 thyroiditis, is associated with clinical, serological, sonographic and morphological features that are distinctive from those of the non-IgG4 subgroup. We describe an interesting case of IgG4-positive mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma arising in a background of IgG4 thyroiditis. The thyroid gland showed typical features of IgG4 thyroiditis, including characteristic patterns of fibrosis. A dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate diffusely involved the entire gland without formation of a destructive tumour mass. Lymphoepithelial lesions were prominent. There were abundant IgG4-positive plasma cells, with the IgG4/IgG ratio exceeding 40%. The IgG4-positive plasma cells were monotypic for kappa light chain, and there was monoclonal IGH rearrangement. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization revealed IGH translocation without translocation of MALT1, bcl-10, or FOXP1. This represents the first case of IgG4-producing MALT lymphoma associated with IgG4 thyroiditis. IGH translocation with an unknown partner gene was identified. We suggest the performance of serum and immunohistochemical investigations for IgG and IgG4 in all cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis to diagnose IgG4 thyroiditis. In addition, clonality assays and light chain studies are useful to exclude a low-grade lymphoma arising in this context. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Characterization of the aes gene of Escherichia coli encoding an enzyme with esterase activity.

PubMed Central

Peist, R; Koch, A; Bolek, P; Sewitz, S; Kolbus, T; Boos, W

1997-01-01

malQ mutants of Escherichia coli lacking amylomaltase cannot grow on maltose. They express the maltose system constitutively and are sensitive to maltose when grown on another carbon source. In an attempt to isolate a multicopy suppressor that would result in growth on maltose, we transformed a malQ mutant with a gene bank of E. coli DNA which had been digested with Sau3a and cloned in pBR322. We screened the transformants on MacConkey maltose plates. A colony was isolated that appeared to be resistant to maltose and was pink on these plates, but it was still unable to grow on minimal medium with maltose as the carbon source. The plasmid was isolated, and the gene causing this phenotype was characterized. The deduced amino acid sequence of the encoded protein shows homology to that of lipases and esterases. We termed the gene aes, for acetyl esterase. Extracts of cells harboring plasmid-encoded aes under its own promoter exhibit a fivefold higher capacity to hydrolyze p-nitrophenyl acetate than do extracts of cells of plasmid-free strains. Similarly, strains harboring plasmid-encoded aes are able to grow on triacetyl glycerol (triacetin) whereas the plasmid-free strains are not. The expression of plasmid-encoded aes resulted in strong repression of the maltose transport genes in malT+ strains (10-fold reduction), but not in a malT(Con) strain which is independent of the inducer. Also, overproduction of MalT counteracted the Aes-dependent repression, indicating a direct interaction between MalT and Aes. PMID:9401025

Enterococcus faecalis utilizes maltose by connecting two incompatible metabolic routes via a novel maltose-6’-phosphate phosphatase (MapP)

PubMed Central

Mokhtari, Abdelhamid; Blancato, Víctor S.; Repizo, Guillermo; Henry, Céline; Pikis, Andreas; Bourand, Alexa; de Fátima Álvarez, María; Immel, Stefan; Mechakra-Maza, Aicha; Hartke, Axel; Thompson, John; Magni, Christian; Deutscher, Josef

2013-01-01

Summary Similar to Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis transports and phosphorylates maltose via a phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP):maltose phosphotransferase system (PTS). The maltose-specific PTS permease is encoded by the malT gene. However, E. faecalis lacks a malA gene encoding a 6-phospho-α-glucosidase which in B. subtilis hydrolyses maltose-6’-P into glucose and glucose-6-P. Instead, an operon encoding a maltose phosphorylase (MalP), a phosphoglucomutase and a mutarotase starts upstream from malT. MalP was suggested to split maltose-6-P into glucose-1-P and glucose-6-P. However, purified MalP phosphorolyses maltose but not maltose-6’-P. We discovered that the gene downstream from malT encodes a novel enzyme (MapP) that dephosphorylates maltose-6’-P formed by the PTS. The resulting intracellular maltose is cleaved by MalP into glucose and glucose-1-P. Slow uptake of maltose probably via a maltodextrin ABC transporter allows poor growth for the mapP but not the malP mutant. Synthesis of MapP in a B. subtilis mutant accumulating maltose-6’-P restored growth on maltose. MapP catalyzes the dephosphorylation of intracellular maltose-6’-P, and the resulting maltose is converted by the B. subtilis maltose phosphorylase into glucose and glucose-1-P. MapP therefore connects PTS-mediated maltose uptake to maltose phosphorylase-catalyzed metabolism. Dephosphorylation assays with a wide variety of phospho-substrates revealed that MapP preferably dephosphorylates disaccharides containing an O-α-glycosyl linkage. PMID:23490043

Antiproliferation and induction of cell death of Phaffia rhodozyma (Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous) extract fermented by brewer malt waste on breast cancer cells.

PubMed

Teo, Ivy Tuang Ngo; Chui, Chung Hin; Tang, Johnny Cheuk On; Lau, Fung Yi; Cheng, Gregory Yin Ming; Wong, Raymond Siu Ming; Kok, Stanton Hon Lung; Cheng, Chor Hing; Chan, Albert Sun Chi; Ho, Kwok Ping

2005-11-01

Astaxanthin has been shown to have antiproliferative activity on breast cancer and skin cancer cells. However, the high cost of production, isolation and purification of purified astaxanthin from natural sources or chemically synthetic methods limit its usage on cancer therapy. We show that astaxanthin could be produced by fermentating the Phaffia rhodozyma (Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous) yeast cells with brewer malt waste using a 20 L B. Braun fermentor. The percentage composition of astaxanthin from the P. rhodozyma was >70% of total pigment as estimated by the high performance liquid chromatographic analysis. Furthermore, the antiproliferative activity of this P. rhodozyma cell extract (PRE) was demonstrated on breast cancer cell lines including the MCF-7 (estrogen receptor positive) and MDA-MB231 (estrogen receptor negative) by using the [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-arboxymethoxyphenyl)-2- (4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] (MTS) assay. No apoptotic cell death, but growth inhibitory effect was induced after 48 h of PRE incubation as suggested by morphological investigation. Anchorage-dependent clonogenicity assay showed that PRE could reduce the colony formation potential of both breast cancer cell lines. Cell death was observed from both breast cancer cell lines after incubation with PRE for 6 days. Taken together, our results showed that by using an economic method of brewer malt waste fermentation, we obtained P. rhodozyma with a high yield of astaxanthin and the corresponding PRE could have short-term growth inhibition and long-term cell death activity on breast cancer cells.

A Multicenter Phase II Study of Local Radiation Therapy for Stage IEA Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphomas: A Preliminary Report From the Japan Radiation Oncology Group (JAROG)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Isobe, Koichi; Kagami, Yoshikazu; Higuchi, Keiko

2007-11-15

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of moderate dose radiation therapy (RT) for mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in a prospective multicenter phase II trial. Methods and Materials: The subjects in this study were 37 patients with MALT lymphoma between April 2002 and November 2004. There were 16 male and 21 female patients, ranging in age from 24 to 82 years, with a median of 56 years. The primary tumor originated in the orbit in 24 patients, in the thyroid and salivary gland in 4 patients each, and 5 in the others. Themore » median tumor dose was 30.6 Gy (range, 30.6-39.6 Gy), depending on the primary site and maximal tumor diameter. The median follow-up was 37.3 months. Results: Complete remission (CR) or CR/unconfirmed was achieved in 34 patients (92%). The 3-year overall survival, progression-free survival, and local control probability were 100%, 91.9%, and 97.3%, respectively. Thirteen patients experienced Grade 1 acute toxicities including dermatitis, mucositis, and conjunctivitis. One patient developed Grade 2 taste loss. Regarding late toxicities, Grade 2 reactions including hypothyroidism, and radiation pneumonitis were observed in three patients, and Grade 3 cataract was seen in three patients. Conclusions: This prospective phase II study demonstrated that moderate dose RT was highly effective in achieving local control with acceptable morbidity in 37 patients with MALT lymphoma.« less

Frequently Asked Questions about Sugar

MedlinePlus

... in “ose” (dextrose, fructose, glucose, lactose, maltose, sucrose), high-fructose corn syrup, fruit juice concentrate, honey, invert sugar, malt sugar, ... caloric sweeteners that are chemically manufactured (such as high fructose corn syrup). Some names for added sugars include agave syrup, ...

Does Delayed-Time-Point Imaging Improve 18F-FDG-PET in Patients With MALT Lymphoma?: Observations in a Series of 13 Patients.

PubMed

Mayerhoefer, Marius E; Giraudo, Chiara; Senn, Daniela; Hartenbach, Markus; Weber, Michael; Rausch, Ivo; Kiesewetter, Barbara; Herold, Christian J; Hacker, Marcus; Pones, Matthias; Simonitsch-Klupp, Ingrid; Müllauer, Leonhard; Dolak, Werner; Lukas, Julius; Raderer, Markus

2016-02-01

To determine whether in patients with extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT), delayed-time-point 2-F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose-positron emission tomography (F-FDG-PET) performs better than standard-time-point F-FDG-PET. Patients with untreated histologically verified MALT lymphoma, who were undergoing pretherapeutic F-FDG-PET/computed tomography (CT) and consecutive F-FDG-PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), using a single F-FDG injection, in the course of a larger-scale prospective trial, were included. Region-based sensitivity and specificity, and patient-based sensitivity of the respective F-FDG-PET scans at time points 1 (45-60 minutes after tracer injection, TP1) and 2 (100-150 minutes after tracer injection, TP2), relative to the reference standard, were calculated. Lesion-to-liver and lesion-to-blood SUVmax (maximum standardized uptake values) ratios were also assessed. F-FDG-PET at TP1 was true positive in 15 o f 23 involved regions, and F-FDG-PET at TP2 was true-positive in 20 of 23 involved regions; no false-positive regions were noted. Accordingly, region-based sensitivities and specificities were 65.2% (confidence interval [CI], 45.73%-84.67%) and 100% (CI, 100%-100%) for F-FDG-PET at TP1; and 87.0% (CI, 73.26%-100%) and 100% (CI, 100%-100%) for F-FDG-PET at TP2, respectively. FDG-PET at TP1 detected lymphoma in at least one nodal or extranodal region in 7 of 13 patients, and F-FDG-PET at TP2 in 10 of 13 patients; accordingly, patient-based sensitivity was 53.8% (CI, 26.7%-80.9%) for F-FDG-PET at TP1, and 76.9% (CI, 54.0%-99.8%) for F-FDG-PET at TP2. Lesion-to-liver and lesion-to-blood maximum standardized uptake value ratios were significantly lower at TP1 (ratios, 1.05 ± 0.40 and 1.52 ± 0.62) than at TP2 (ratios, 1.67 ± 0.74 and 2.56 ± 1.10; P = 0.003 and P = 0.001). Delayed-time-point imaging may improve F-FDG-PET in MALT lymphoma.

Public's Knowledge of Science and Technology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pew Research Center, 2013

2013-01-01

The public's knowledge of science and technology varies widely across a range of questions on current topics and basic scientific concepts, according to a new quiz by the Pew Research Center and "Smithsonian" magazine. About eight-in-ten Americans (83%) identify ultraviolet as the type of radiation that sunscreen protects against. Nearly…

Categorizing Health Websites: E-Knowledge, E-Business and E-Professional

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Usher, Wayne; Skinner, James

2011-01-01

This article presents three types of health website categories (e-knowledge, e-business and e-professional) which are currently being used to disseminate health-related information, services and medical literature to the health consumer and professional. Moreover, criteria which have been used to establish a health website's category is…

Social knowledge and signals in primates.

PubMed

Bergman, Thore J; Sheehan, Michael J

2013-07-01

Primates are notable for having a rich and detailed understanding of their social environment and there has been great interest in the evolution and function of social knowledge in primates. Indeed, primates have been shown to have impressive understandings of not only other group members but also the complex relationships among them. To be useful, however, social knowledge requires memories from previous encounters and observations about individual traits that are stable. Here, we argue that social systems or traits that make social knowledge more costly or less accurate will favor signals that either supplement or replace social knowledge. Thus, the relationship between signals and social knowledge can be complementary or antagonistic depending on the type of signal. Our goal in this review is to elucidate the relationships between signals and social knowledge in primates. We categorize signals into three types, each with different relationships to social knowledge. (1) Identity signals directly facilitate social knowledge, (2) current-state signals supplement information gained through social knowledge, and (3) badges of status replace social knowledge. Primates rely extensively on identity information, but it remains to be determined to what extent this is based on receiver perception of individual variation or senders using identity signals. Primates frequently utilize current-state signals including signals of intent to augment their interactions with familiar individuals. Badges of status are rare in primates, and the cases where they are used point to a functional and evolutionary trade-off between badges of status and social knowledge. However, the nature of this relationship needs further exploration. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

76 FR 22913 - Alcoholic Beverage Control Ordinance of the Paiute Tribe of Utah

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-25

..., and is obtained by fermentation, infusion, or decoction of any malted grain. Such products may or may...% alcohol by volume or 3.2% alcohol by weight and is obtained by fermentation, infusion, or decoction of...

78 FR 49283 - Chicken Ranch Rancheria-Chicken Ranch Liquor Licensing Ordinance, Ordinance No. 12-10-03

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-13

... obtained by the fermentation of any infusion of decoction of barley, malt, hops, or any other similar... from the normal alcoholic fermentation of the juice of the grapes or other agricultural products...

Developing genomic knowledge bases and databases to support clinical management: current perspectives.

PubMed

Huser, Vojtech; Sincan, Murat; Cimino, James J

2014-01-01

Personalized medicine, the ability to tailor diagnostic and treatment decisions for individual patients, is seen as the evolution of modern medicine. We characterize here the informatics resources available today or envisioned in the near future that can support clinical interpretation of genomic test results. We assume a clinical sequencing scenario (germline whole-exome sequencing) in which a clinical specialist, such as an endocrinologist, needs to tailor patient management decisions within his or her specialty (targeted findings) but relies on a genetic counselor to interpret off-target incidental findings. We characterize the genomic input data and list various types of knowledge bases that provide genomic knowledge for generating clinical decision support. We highlight the need for patient-level databases with detailed lifelong phenotype content in addition to genotype data and provide a list of recommendations for personalized medicine knowledge bases and databases. We conclude that no single knowledge base can currently support all aspects of personalized recommendations and that consolidation of several current resources into larger, more dynamic and collaborative knowledge bases may offer a future path forward.

Developing genomic knowledge bases and databases to support clinical management: current perspectives

PubMed Central

Huser, Vojtech; Sincan, Murat; Cimino, James J

2014-01-01

Personalized medicine, the ability to tailor diagnostic and treatment decisions for individual patients, is seen as the evolution of modern medicine. We characterize here the informatics resources available today or envisioned in the near future that can support clinical interpretation of genomic test results. We assume a clinical sequencing scenario (germline whole-exome sequencing) in which a clinical specialist, such as an endocrinologist, needs to tailor patient management decisions within his or her specialty (targeted findings) but relies on a genetic counselor to interpret off-target incidental findings. We characterize the genomic input data and list various types of knowledge bases that provide genomic knowledge for generating clinical decision support. We highlight the need for patient-level databases with detailed lifelong phenotype content in addition to genotype data and provide a list of recommendations for personalized medicine knowledge bases and databases. We conclude that no single knowledge base can currently support all aspects of personalized recommendations and that consolidation of several current resources into larger, more dynamic and collaborative knowledge bases may offer a future path forward. PMID:25276091

Effects of Agricultural Sales CDE Modules on Content Knowledge and Argumentation Skill

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sapp, Sarah B.; Thoron, Andrew C.

2014-01-01

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the type of training module on argumentation skill, student content knowledge achievement, and performance in an agricultural sales practicum completed by secondary school agriculture students. Current research has concluded that most students do not possess the academic or transferable…

A caffeine-maltodextrin mouth rinse counters mental fatigue.

PubMed

Van Cutsem, Jeroen; De Pauw, Kevin; Marcora, Samuele; Meeusen, Romain; Roelands, Bart

2018-04-01

Mental fatigue is a psychobiological state caused by prolonged periods of demanding cognitive activity that has negative implications on many aspects in daily life. Caffeine and carbohydrate ingestion have been shown to be able to reduce these negative effects of mental fatigue. Intake of these substances might however be less desirable in some situations (e.g., restricted caloric intake, Ramadan). Rinsing caffeine or glucose within the mouth has already been shown to improve exercise performance. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the effect of frequent caffeine-maltodextrin (CAF-MALT) mouth rinsing on mental fatigue induced by a prolonged cognitive task. Ten males (age 23 ± 2 years, physical activity 7.3 ± 4.3 h/week, low CAF users) performed two trials. Participants first completed a Flanker task (3 min), then performed a 90-min mentally fatiguing task (Stroop task), followed by another Flanker task. Before the start and after each 12.5% of the Stroop task (eight blocks), subjects received a CAF-MALT mouth rinse (MR: 0.3 g/25 ml CAF: 1.6g/25 ml MALT) or placebo (PLAC: 25 ml artificial saliva). Self-reported mental fatigue was lower in MR (p = 0.017) compared to PLAC. Normalized accuracy (accuracy first block = 100%) was higher in the last block of the Stroop in MR (p = 0.032) compared to PLAC. P2 amplitude in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) decreased over time only in PLAC (p = 0.017). Frequent mouth rinsing during a prolonged and demanding cognitive task reduces mental fatigue compared to mouth rinsing with artificial saliva.

The antifungal protein AFP from Aspergillus giganteus prevents secondary growth of different Fusarium species on barley.

PubMed

Barakat, Hassan; Spielvogel, Anja; Hassan, Mahmoud; El-Desouky, Ahmed; El-Mansy, Hamdy; Rath, Frank; Meyer, Vera; Stahl, Ulf

2010-06-01

Secondary growth is a common post-harvest problem when pre-infected crops are attacked by filamentous fungi during storage or processing. Several antifungal approaches are thus pursued based on chemical, physical, or bio-control treatments; however, many of these methods are inefficient, affect product quality, or cause severe side effects on the environment. A protein that can potentially overcome these limitations is the antifungal protein AFP, an abundantly secreted peptide of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus giganteus. This protein specifically and at low concentrations disturbs the integrity of fungal cell walls and plasma membranes but does not interfere with the viability of other pro- and eukaryotic systems. We thus studied in this work the applicability of AFP to efficiently prevent secondary growth of filamentous fungi on food stuff and chose, as a case study, the malting process where naturally infested raw barley is often to be used as starting material. Malting was performed under lab scale conditions as well as in a pilot plant, and AFP was applied at different steps during the process. AFP appeared to be very efficient against the main fungal contaminants, mainly belonging to the genus Fusarium. Fungal growth was completely blocked after the addition of AFP, a result that was not observed for traditional disinfectants such as ozone, hydrogen peroxide, and chlorine dioxide. We furthermore detected reduced levels of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol after AFP treatment, further supporting the fungicidal activity of the protein. As AFP treatments did not compromise any properties and qualities of the final products malt and wort, we consider the protein as an excellent biological alternative to combat secondary growth of filamentous fungi on food stuff.

Strain selection and medium optimization for glucoamylase production from industrial potato waste by Aspergillus niger.

PubMed

Izmirlioglu, Gulten; Demirci, Ali

2016-06-01

Glucoamylase is one of the most common enzymes used in the food industry to break down starch into its monomers. Glucoamylase production and its activity are highly dependent on medium composition. Starch is well known as a glucoamylase inducer, and utilization of industrial starchy potato waste is an inexpensive way of improving glucoamylase production. Since glucoamylase production is highly dependent on medium composition, in this study medium optimization for glucoamylase production was considered to enhance glucoamylase activity. Among the evaluated microbial species, Aspergillus niger van Tieghem was found to be the best glucoamylase-producing fungus. The Plackett-Burman design was used to screen various medium ingredients, and malt extract, FeSO4 .7H2 O and CaCl2 ·2H2 O were found to have significant effects on glucoamylase production. Finally, malt extract, FeSO4 .7H2 O and CaCl2 .2H2 O were optimized by using a central composite design of response surface methodology. The results showed that the optimal medium composition for A. niger van Tieghem was 50 g L(-1) industrial waste potato mash supplemented with 51.82 g L(-1) malt extract, 9.27 g L(-1) CaCl2 ·2H2 O and 0.50 g L(-1) FeSO4 .7H2 O. At the end of optimization, glucoamylase activity and glucose production were improved 126% and 98% compared to only industrial waste potato mash basal medium; 274.4 U mL(-1) glucoamylase activity and 41.7 g L(-1) glucose levels were achieved, respectively. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.

Characteristics of Helicobacter pylori-positive and Helicobacter pylori-negative gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and their influence on clinical outcome.

PubMed

Choi, Yoon Jin; Kim, Nayoung; Paik, Jin Ho; Kim, Jung Mogg; Lee, Sang Hyub; Park, Young Soo; Hwang, Jin-Hyeok; Kim, Jin-Wook; Jeong, Sook-Hyang; Lee, Dong Ho; Jung, Hyun Chae

2013-06-01

To compare clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics of low-grade gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma depending on Helicobacter pylori positivity and to find out a predictive factor for unresponsiveness to Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy in Korea. A total of 53 Helicobacter pylori-positive and 13 negative mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma patients were enrolled, and tissues from 21 patients were investigated to examine the presence of t(11;18)(q21;q21) with fluorescence in situ hybridization. Clinicopathologic features such as the endoscopic appearance, dominant site of lesion, depth of invasion, clinical stage, and the existence of MALT1 gene rearrangement were compared between these two groups. Fifty-six patients who underwent H. pylori eradication therapy were divided into responder and nonresponder groups. The two groups were analyzed to calculate odds ratios for resistance to the eradication. Helicobacter pylori-negative gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma patients averaged a more advanced clinical stage than H. pylori-positive (p = .023) patients. The frequency of t(11;18)/API2-MALT1 did not differ between H. pylori-positive (45.5%) and H. pylori-negative cases (55.6%). Thirty-eight of 51 (74.5%) H. pylori-positive patients achieved complete regression after the eradication, while 2 of 5 (40%) H. pylori-negative patients obtained regression. Presence of lesions in both distal and proximal parts of stomach (p = .041) and bearing of t(11;18)(q21;q21) (p = .007) were predictors for nonresponsiveness for H. pylori eradication. Helicobacter pylori eradication could be performed as a primary therapy regardless of H. pylori status, and assessing t(11;18)/API2-MALT1 would be considered after failure to remission by H. pylori eradication. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Helicobacter pylori eradication for low-grade gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma is more successful in inducing remission in distal compared to proximal disease.

PubMed

Kim, J S; Chung, S J; Choi, Y S; Cheon, J H; Kim, C W; Kim, S G; Jung, H C; Song, I S

2007-05-07

A series of studies has shown that Helicobacter pylori eradication induces remission in most patients with low-grade gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. However, there have been few reports about the effect of bacterial treatment on the gastric MALT lymphoma in Korea, a well-known H. pylori endemic area. A total of 111 H. pylori-infected patients were prospectively enrolled in Seoul National University Hospital and 99 among them were completely followed up according to our protocol. After H. pylori eradication, tumoural response was evaluated by endoscopy and histopathology every 2-3 months till complete remission (CR) and every 6 months after achieving CR. Median follow-up period was 41 months (range, 11-125 months). Helicobacter pylori was successfully eradicated in all 99 patients and CR was obtained in 84 (84.8%) of 99 patients. The median time to reach CR was 3 months and 94% of CR is in continuous complete remission. Five patients with CR relapsed after 10-22 months without the evidence of H. pylori reinfection. Cumulative recurrence rate was 2.3, 7.7 and 9.3% at 1, 2 and 3 years, respectively. Tumours were mainly located in distal stomach (67.7%) and tumours in distal stomach were associated with more favourable response than those in proximal stomach (P=0.001). Majority of patients with low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma treated by exclusive H. pylori eradication have a favourable long-term outcome, offering a real chance of cure. Tumour location could be a predictive factor for remission following H. pylori eradication.

Helicobacter pylori eradication for low-grade gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma is more successful in inducing remission in distal compared to proximal disease

PubMed Central

Kim, J S; Chung, S J; Choi, Y S; Cheon, J H; Kim, C W; Kim, S G; Jung, H C; Song, I S

2007-01-01

A series of studies has shown that Helicobacter pylori eradication induces remission in most patients with low-grade gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. However, there have been few reports about the effect of bacterial treatment on the gastric MALT lymphoma in Korea, a well-known H. pylori endemic area. A total of 111 H. pylori-infected patients were prospectively enrolled in Seoul National University Hospital and 99 among them were completely followed up according to our protocol. After H. pylori eradication, tumoural response was evaluated by endoscopy and histopathology every 2–3 months till complete remission (CR) and every 6 months after achieving CR. Median follow-up period was 41 months (range, 11–125 months). Helicobacter pylori was successfully eradicated in all 99 patients and CR was obtained in 84 (84.8%) of 99 patients. The median time to reach CR was 3 months and 94% of CR is in continuous complete remission. Five patients with CR relapsed after 10–22 months without the evidence of H. pylori reinfection. Cumulative recurrence rate was 2.3, 7.7 and 9.3% at 1, 2 and 3 years, respectively. Tumours were mainly located in distal stomach (67.7%) and tumours in distal stomach were associated with more favourable response than those in proximal stomach (P=0.001). Majority of patients with low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma treated by exclusive H. pylori eradication have a favourable long-term outcome, offering a real chance of cure. Tumour location could be a predictive factor for remission following H. pylori eradication. PMID:17406363

Immunohistochemical analysis of the novel marginal zone B-cell marker IRTA1 in malignant lymphoma.

PubMed

Ikeda, Jun-Ichiro; Kohara, Masaharu; Tsuruta, Yoko; Nojima, Satoshi; Tahara, Shinichiro; Ohshima, Kenji; Kurashige, Masako; Wada, Naoki; Morii, Eiichi

2017-01-01

Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) is a low-grade B-cell lymphoma derived from marginal zone B cells. Because of a lack of specific immunohistochemical markers, MZL is mainly diagnosed based on the cytological appearance and growth pattern of the tumor. Marginal zone B cells were recently shown to selectively express immunoglobulin superfamily receptor translocation-associated 1 (IRTA1), but the antibody used in that study is not commercially available. We therefore investigated the IRTA1 expression in nonneoplastic lymphoid tissues and 261 malignant lymphomas, examining the ability of a commercially available antibody to accurately diagnose MZL. Among 37 MZLs, 23 of 25 extranodal MZLs of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphomas), 3 of 6 splenic MZLs and 3 of 6 nodal MZLs were positive for IRTA1. Among the 98 diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, 33 were positive for IRTA1, including 1 of 38 follicular lymphomas, and all precursor B-lymphoblastic (2/2) and T-lymphoblastic (7/7) leukemia/lymphomas. Other mature B-cell and T-cell lymphomas, and Hodgkin lymphoma were negative for IRTA1. In MALT lymphoma, positive cells were detected mainly in intraepithelial and subepithelial marginal zone B cells. In 1 case of grade 3 follicular lymphoma, IRTA1 was also expressed in the area of large cell transformation. When tumors were classified as germinal center B cell-like (GCB) or non-GCB using the algorithm of Hans, positive expression of IRTA1 was correlated significantly with non-GCB diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (P < .05). These results demonstrated the ability of the commercially available IRTA1 antibody to distinguish MALT lymphoma from other low-grade B-cell lymphomas. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Use of headspace SPME-GC-MS for the analysis of the volatiles produced by indoor molds grown on different substrates.

PubMed

Van Lancker, Fien; Adams, An; Delmulle, Barbara; De Saeger, Sarah; Moretti, Antonio; Van Peteghem, Carlos; De Kimpe, Norbert

2008-10-01

An automated headspace solid phase microextraction method followed by GC-MS analysis was used to evaluate and compare the in vitro production of microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) on malt extract agar, plasterboard and wallpaper. Five fungal strains were isolated from the walls of water-damaged houses and identified. In addition, four other common molds were studied. In general, MVOC production was the highest on malt extract agar. On this synthetic medium, molds typically produced 2-methylpropanol, 2-methylbutanol and 3-methylbutanol. On wallpaper, mainly 2-ethylhexanol, methyl 2-ethylhexanoate and compounds of the C8-complex such as 1-octene-3-ol, 3-octanone, 3-octanol and 1,3-octadiene were detected. The detection of 2-ethylhexanol and methyl 2-ethylhexanoate indicates an enhanced degradation of the substrate by most fungi. For growth on plasterboard, no typical metabolites were detected. Despite these metabolite differences on malt extract agar, wallpaper and plasterboard, some molds also produced specific compounds independently of the used substrate, such as trichodiene from Fusarium sporotrichioides and aristolochene from Penicillium roqueforti. Therefore, these metabolites can be used as markers for the identification and maybe also mycotoxin production of these molds. All five investigated Penicillium spp. in this study were able to produce two specific diterpenes, which were not produced by the other species studied. These two compounds, which remain unidentified until now, therefore seem specific for Penicillium spp. and are potentially interesting for the monitoring of this fungal genus. Further experiments will be performed with other Penicillium spp. to study the possibility that these two compounds are specific for this group of molds.

CLOSURE DEVICE

DOEpatents

Linzell, S.M.; Dorcy, D.J.

1958-08-26

A quick opening type of stuffing box employing two banks of rotatable shoes, each of which has a caraming action that forces a neoprene sealing surface against a pipe or rod where it passes through a wall is presented. A ring having a handle or wrench attached is placed eccentric to and between the two banks of shoes. Head bolts from the shoes fit into slots in this ring, which are so arranged that when the ring is rotated a quarter turn in one direction the shoes are thrust inwardly to cramp the neopnrene about the pipe, malting a tight seal. Moving the ring in the reverse direction moves the shoes outwardly and frees the pipe which then may be readily removed from the stuffing box. This device has particular application as a closure for the end of a coolant tube of a neutronic reactor.

A novel line immunoassay based on recombinant virulence factors enables highly specific and sensitive serologic diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection.

PubMed

Formichella, Luca; Romberg, Laura; Bolz, Christian; Vieth, Michael; Geppert, Michael; Göttner, Gereon; Nölting, Christina; Walter, Dirk; Schepp, Wolfgang; Schneider, Arne; Ulm, Kurt; Wolf, Petra; Busch, Dirk H; Soutschek, Erwin; Gerhard, Markus

2013-11-01

Helicobacter pylori colonizes half of the world's population, and infection can lead to ulcers, gastric cancer, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Serology is the only test applicable for large-scale, population-based screening, but current tests are hampered by a lack of sensitivity and/or specificity. Also, no serologic test allows the differentiation of type I and type II strains, which is important for predicting the clinical outcome. H. pylori virulence factors have been associated with disease, but direct assessment of virulence factors requires invasive methods to obtain gastric biopsy specimens. Our work aimed at the development of a highly sensitive and specific, noninvasive serologic test to detect immune responses to important H. pylori virulence factors. This line immunoassay system (recomLine) is based on recombinant proteins. For this assay, six highly immunogenic virulence factors (CagA, VacA, GroEL, gGT, HcpC, and UreA) were expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and immobilized to nitrocellulose membranes to detect serological immune responses in patient's sera. For the validation of the line assay, a cohort of 500 patients was screened, of which 290 (58.0%) were H. pylori negative and 210 (42.0%) were positive by histology. The assay showed sensitivity and specificity of 97.6% and 96.2%, respectively, compared to histology. In direct comparison to lysate blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the recomLine assay had increased discriminatory power. For the assessment of individual risk for gastrointestinal disease, the test must be validated in a larger and defined patient cohort. Taking the data together, the recomLine assay provides a valuable tool for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection.

Alcohol and Cancer Risk

MedlinePlus

... ounces of malt liquor 5 ounces of wine 1.5 ounces or a "shot" of 80-proof liquor The federal government’s Dietary ... rectum . A meta-analysis of 57 cohort and case-control studies that ... 3.5 drinks) had 1.5 times the risk of developing colorectal cancer ...

Two novel species of Aspergillus section Nigri from indoor air

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Aspergillus collinsii, Aspergillus floridensis, and Aspergillus trinidadensis are described as novel uniseriate species of Aspergillus section Nigri isolated from air samples. To describe the species we used phenotypes from 7-d Czapek yeast extract agar culture (CYA) and malt extract agar culture (M...

Brewing Science

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pelter, Michael

2006-01-01

Following the brewing process from grain to glass, this course uses the biological and chemical principles of brewing to teach science to the nonscience major. Discussion of the scientific aspects of malting, mashing, fermentation, and the making of different beer styles is complemented by laboratory exercises that use scientific methods to…

[Prevention of osteoporosis by foods and dietary supplements. Chocolate malt drink MILO: nutrition in children and calcium absorption].

PubMed

Fukushima, Yoichi; Kumagai, Akiko

2006-10-01

Calcium is not sufficiently consumed by Japanese at any age groups. Childhood is an important period, when they should earn bone minerals to reach higher peak bone mass for reducing the risk of osteoporosis in their later life. Children require higher calcium consumption per body weight than adults, and also establish their dietary pattern in this period. MILO has attracted widespread popularity as a good-taste chocolate-flavored malt drink with balanced nutrients for children. We developed FOSHU MILO with fructooligosaccharides (FOS) aiming at improving absorption of calcium, which is originally rich in the products. Using the calcium stable isotope (44)Ca, we found that the urinary excretion in the subject fed the products with FOS was higher than that of control product without FOS, suggesting that the FOSHU MILO is effective in promoting calcium absorption from the intestines. MILO could contribute to bone health by increasing consumption of calcium and/or improving the calcium bioavailability.

Selection of strains of Lentinula edodes and Lentinula boryana adapted for efficient mycelial growth on wheat straw.

PubMed

Mata, G; Delpech, P; Savoie, J M

2001-09-01

Mycelial growth rates are presented for 11 strains of Lentinula edodes and six strains of Lentinula boryana cultivated on solid media: derived from malt extract (MEA); malt yeast extract (YMEA); and, YMEA plus soluble lignin derivatives (YMEA+WSLD). The results were compared with data for mycelial growth rates, of the same strains cultivated on substrates derived from wheat straw treated at different temperatures (50, 65, 75 and autoclaving at 121 degrees C). In general, the addition of WSLD significantly reduced mycelial growth rates in both species. The greatest mycelial growth rate was obtained on sterilized straw at 121 degrees C for the majority of strains. However, this growth was not significantly different from that obtained at 75 degrees C. L. edodes showed greater growth rates than L. boryana. The feasibility of using estimates of mycelial growth rate on YMEA and YMEA+WSLD are discussed as possible indicators of a strain's potential for mycelial growth on substrates derived from wheat straw.

Extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma of the orbit in a patient with sarcoidosis: a case report.

PubMed

Richards, Nikisha Q; Kidwell, Earl D R; Ramadan, Ali M; Naab, Tammey J

2014-10-20

To describe a case of extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (EMZL) "mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)" of the orbit that presented with stage IV disease in a patient with sarcoidosis. Clinicopathologic case report. Biopsies of the lesion were performed in the operating room and the samples were submitted for pathology processing. Pathology analysis identified the lesion as an extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma "mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)" via flow cytometry, histopathology, cytogenetics, and immunohistochemical staining and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The institutional review board of Howard University Hospital waived the need for IRB approval for this intraoperative finding. A 70-year-old Black woman with biopsy-proven sarcoidosis presented complaining of foreign body sensation, redness, swelling of her left upper eyelid and tearing. The patient was found to have an orbital lymphoproliferative malignancy. It is still unclear if the presence of immunosuppression or an autoimmune disease increases the risk of lymphoproliferative malignancies {6}. Malignancy should always be suspected and investigated.

Influence of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) concentration on the degradation of TNT in explosive-contaminated soils by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

PubMed Central

Spiker, J K; Crawford, D L; Crawford, R L

1992-01-01

The ability of Phanerochaete chrysosporium to bioremediate TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) in a soil containing 12,000 ppm of TNT and the explosives RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5- triazine; 3,000 ppm) and HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine; 300 ppm) was investigated. The fungus did not grow in malt extract broth containing more than 0.02% (wt/vol; 24 ppm of TNT) soil. Pure TNT or explosives extracted from the soil were degraded by P. chrysosporium spore-inoculated cultures at TNT concentrations of up to 20 ppm. Mycelium-inoculated cultures degraded 100 ppm of TNT, but further growth was inhibited above 20 ppm. In malt extract broth, spore-inoculated cultures mineralized 10% of added [14C]TNT (5 ppm) in 27 days at 37 degrees C. No mineralization occurred during [14C]TNT biotransformation by mycelium-inoculated cultures, although the TNT was transformed. PMID:1444437

Mucosal vaccination--an old but still vital strategy.

PubMed

Długońska, Henryka; Grzybowski, Marcin

2012-01-01

The basic premise of vaccinology is to achieve strong protective immunity against defined infectious agents by a vaccine mimicking the effects of natural primary exposure to a pathogen. Because an exposure of humans and animals to microbes occurs mostly through mucosal surfaces, targeting the mucosa seems a rational and efficient vaccination strategy. Many experimental and clinical data confirmed that mucosal immunization offers many advantages over widely used in human and veterinary medicine subcutaneous or intramuscular immunization. In the present article selected aspects regarding mucosal vaccination are discussed. The structure and function of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), comprised of four main mucosal compartments forming a structural and functional unity as well as pivotal cellular MALT components (dendritic and M cells) were briefly characterized. Particular attention was focused on the mode of simple but efficacious delivery of vaccine antigens to mucosal surfaces. A few trials to generate potential mucosal vaccines against toxoplasmosis introduced by nasal or oral routes to experimental animals are also presented.

That's a boy's toy: gender-typed knowledge in toddlers as a function of mother's marital status.

PubMed

Hupp, Julie M; Smith, Jessi L; Coleman, Jill M; Brunell, Amy B

2010-01-01

A child who is highly gender schematic readily uses gender when processing new information. In the current study, we examined whether and how family structure predicts a child's level of gender-typed knowledge (as assessed by a gender-stereotype sorting task) once the category of gender is in place (as assessed by a gender-labeling task). It was predicted that children from more "traditional" family structures (married mothers) would have more gender-typed knowledge compared to children from less traditional families (unmarried mothers). Moreover, we explored if this relationship would be related to, at least in part, the greater frequency of androgynous behaviors (i.e., both masculine and feminine household activities) an unmarried mother performs. Twenty-eight children (age 2 to 3) were tested at local childcare centers. The mother of each child reported her marital status as well as how often she engaged in stereotypically masculine and feminine behaviors. As expected, mothers' marital status was associated with children's level of gender-typed knowledge, such that children with unmarried mothers had less gender-typed knowledge, in part due to the unmarried mother's greater frequency of androgynous behaviors. Implications for children's acquisition of gender-related stereotypes and the possible benefit of having mothers model both masculine and feminine behaviors are discussed.

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS FOR CD21, CD35, CALDESMON AND S100 PROTEIN ON DENDRITIC CELLS TYPES IN ORAL LYMPHOMAS

PubMed Central

Mesquita, Ricardo Alves; de Araújo, Vera Cavalcanti; Paes, Roberto Antônio Pinto; Nunes, Fábio Daumas; de Sousa, Suzana Cantanhede Orsini Machado

2009-01-01

Objective: Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) and interdigitating dendritic cells (IDCs) are dendritic cells found in lymphoid follicles, reactive follicles and in lymphomas. The goal of this study was to evaluate the presence and distribution of FDCs and IDCs in oral lymphomas. Material and Methods: Immunohistochemistry reactions were applied to 50 oral lymphomas using the antibodies anti-CD21, anti-CD35 and anti-caldesmon to FDCs, and anti-S100 protein to IDCs. Caldesmon+/FDCs and S100+/IDCs were quantified in Imagelab® software. Results: FDCs revealed by CD21 and CD35 were positively stained in two cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, one MALT lymphoma, and in one case of mantle cell lymphoma. FDCs were immunopositive to caldesmon in all cases, as well as IDCs to S100 protein. Burkitt lymphoma presented a lower amount of caldesmon+/FDCs and S100+/IDCs than diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and plasmablastic lymphoma of the oral mucosa type. Conclusions: The microenvironment determined by neoplastic lymphoid cells in oral lymphomas is responsible by the development and expression of dendritic cells types. PMID:19466261

Information into Knowledge: Navigating the Complexity in the Campus Community Engagement Context

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Middleton, Anne T.; Whitmore, Elizabeth

2017-01-01

In this paper we draw on two case studies from a current research project investigating the impact of campus-community engagement (CCE) to examine how the fundamental functions for effective knowledge mobilisation were used. The K* spectrum provides a mapping framework for analysis. Both the types of CCE and the different relationships developed…

Building a Global Future through Research and Innovative Practices in Open and Distance Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mahmood, Sheikh Tariq; Mahmood, Azhar

2014-01-01

The current study aims to investigate awareness of research students about the concept of plagiarism and to suggest possible ways to avoid it; a descriptive survey study was conducted. The objectives of the study were to examine the researcher's knowledge about concept of plagiarism, knowledge about specific terminologies, types of plagiarism, and…

Knowledge, assessment, and management of adults with joint hypermobility syndrome/Ehlers-Danlos syndrome hypermobility type among Flemish physiotherapists.

PubMed

Rombaut, Lies; Deane, Janet; Simmonds, Jane; De Wandele, Inge; De Paepe, Anne; Malfait, Fransiska; Calders, Patrick

2015-03-01

Physiotherapy plays a fundamental role in managing adults with the joint hypermobility syndrome/Ehlers-Danlos syndrome hypermobility type (JHS/EDS-HT). However, it is a challenge for both the patient and the physiotherapist as the condition is poorly understood and treatment for JHS/EDS-HT is currently undefined. Insight into current practice is, therefore, necessary in order to establish baseline knowledge in this area and in the long term to improve the standard of patient care. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate current physiotherapists' knowledge of JHS/EDS-HT and to gain insight into current physiotherapy practice with emphasis on assessment, management, and treatment efficacy. Three hundred twenty-five Flemish physiotherapists participated in the study by filling out electronically a modified version of the "Hypermobility and Hypermobility Syndrome Questionnaire" (HHQ), which covered theoretical constructs such as general knowledge, assessment, management, and learning in relation to generalized joint hypermobility and JHS/EDS-HT. The results show that physiotherapists report a low level of confidence with regard to assessment and management of JHS/EDS-HT. Knowledge of hypermobility and JHS/EDS-HT is weak, especially regarding the features associated with JHS/EDS-HT. Many treatment approaches are used by physiotherapists with the majority showing preference for education, reassurance, muscle strengthening, proprioceptive and core stability training. Almost all approaches were perceived as being clinically effective by the physiotherapists, highlighting a lack of consensus. In conclusion, this study in Flemish physiotherapists confirms that JHS/EDS-HT is under-recognized, not well known and deemed difficult to treat. Further education is required and sought by the physiotherapists surveyed, and future research is needed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Does state-level context matter for individuals' knowledge about abortion, legality and health? Challenging the 'red states v. blue states' hypothesis.

PubMed

Bessett, Danielle; Gerdts, Caitlin; Littman, Lisa L; Kavanaugh, Megan L; Norris, Alison

2015-01-01

Recently, the hypothesis that state-level political context influences individuals' cultural values--the 'red states v. blue states' hypothesis--has been invoked to explain the hyper-polarisation of politics in the USA. To test this hypothesis, we examined individuals' knowledge about abortion in relation to the political context of their current state of residence. Drawing from an internet-survey of 586 reproductive-age individuals in the USA, we assessed two types of abortion knowledge: health-related and legality. We found that state-level conservatism does not modify the existing relationships between individual predictors and each of the two types of abortion knowledge. Hence, our findings do not support the 'red states' versus 'blue states' hypothesis. Additionally, we find that knowledge about abortion's health effects in the USA is low: 7% of our sample thought abortion before 12 weeks gestation was illegal.

27 CFR 10.11 - Meaning of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., Delegation of the Administrator's Authorities in 27 CFR Part 10, Commercial Bribery. Industry member. Any... importer or wholesaler of distilled spirits, wine or malt beverages, or as a bottler, or warehouseman and bottler, of distilled spirits; industry member does not include an agency of a State or political...

27 CFR 6.11 - Meaning of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., or kind designation; appellation of origin (wine); vintage date (wine); age (distilled spirits); or... business. Industry member. Any person engaged in business as a distiller, brewer, rectifier, blender, or other producer, or as an importer or wholesaler, of distilled spirits, wine or malt beverages, or as a...

27 CFR 8.11 - Meaning of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., Delegation of the Administrator's Authorities in 27 CFR Part 8, Exclusive Outlets. Industry member. Any... importer or wholesaler, of distilled spirits, wine or malt beverages, or as a bottler, or warehouseman and bottler, of distilled spirits; industry member does not include an agency of a State or political...

27 CFR 8.4 - Jurisdictional limits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

.... The regulations in this part apply where: (1) The industry member requires, by agreement or otherwise, a retailer to purchase distilled spirits, wine, or malt beverages from such industry member to the...) The industry member engages in the practice of using a requirement to such an extent as substantially...

21 CFR 172.120 - Calcium disodium EDTA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Calcium disodium EDTA. 172.120 Section 172.120 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD... Preservative. Fermented malt beverages 25 Antigushing agent. French dressing 75 Preservative. Legumes (all...

21 CFR 172.730 - Potassium bromate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... HUMAN CONSUMPTION (CONTINUED) FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED FOR DIRECT ADDITION TO FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION Other Specific Usage Additives § 172.730 Potassium bromate. The food additive potassium bromate may be... intended for use in the malting of barley under conditions whereby the amount of the additive present in...

21 CFR 172.730 - Potassium bromate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... HUMAN CONSUMPTION (CONTINUED) FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED FOR DIRECT ADDITION TO FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION Other Specific Usage Additives § 172.730 Potassium bromate. The food additive potassium bromate may be... intended for use in the malting of barley under conditions whereby the amount of the additive present in...

27 CFR 7.20 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... General. (a) Application. This subpart shall apply to malt beverages sold or shipped or delivered for... beverages not sold or shipped or delivered for shipment or otherwise introduced into or received in such... affiliate, shall sell or ship, or deliver for sale or shipment, or otherwise introduce in interstate or...

Barley hulls and straw constituents and emulsifying properties of their hemicelluloses

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Barley hulls (husks) are potential by-products of barley ethanol production. Barley straw is an abundant biomass in the regions producing barley for malting, feeds, and fuel ethanol. Both barley hulls and straw contain valuable hemicelluloses (arabinoxylans) and other useful carbohydrate and non-car...

Does Delayed-Time-Point Imaging Improve 18F-FDG-PET in Patients With MALT Lymphoma?

PubMed Central

Mayerhoefer, Marius E.; Giraudo, Chiara; Senn, Daniela; Hartenbach, Markus; Weber, Michael; Rausch, Ivo; Kiesewetter, Barbara; Herold, Christian J.; Hacker, Marcus; Pones, Matthias; Simonitsch-Klupp, Ingrid; Müllauer, Leonhard; Dolak, Werner; Lukas, Julius; Raderer, Markus

2016-01-01

Purpose To determine whether in patients with extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT), delayed–time-point 2-18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose-positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) performs better than standard–time-point 18F-FDG-PET. Materials and Methods Patients with untreated histologically verified MALT lymphoma, who were undergoing pretherapeutic 18F-FDG-PET/computed tomography (CT) and consecutive 18F-FDG-PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), using a single 18F-FDG injection, in the course of a larger-scale prospective trial, were included. Region-based sensitivity and specificity, and patient-based sensitivity of the respective 18F-FDG-PET scans at time points 1 (45–60 minutes after tracer injection, TP1) and 2 (100–150 minutes after tracer injection, TP2), relative to the reference standard, were calculated. Lesion-to-liver and lesion-to-blood SUVmax (maximum standardized uptake values) ratios were also assessed. Results 18F-FDG-PET at TP1 was true positive in 15 o f 23 involved regions, and 18F-FDG-PET at TP2 was true-positive in 20 of 23 involved regions; no false-positive regions were noted. Accordingly, region-based sensitivities and specificities were 65.2% (confidence interval [CI], 45.73%–84.67%) and 100% (CI, 100%-100%) for 18F-FDG-PET at TP1; and 87.0% (CI, 73.26%–100%) and 100% (CI, 100%-100%) for 18F-FDG-PET at TP2, respectively. FDG-PET at TP1 detected lymphoma in at least one nodal or extranodal region in 7 of 13 patients, and 18F-FDG-PET at TP2 in 10 of 13 patients; accordingly, patient-based sensitivity was 53.8% (CI, 26.7%–80.9%) for 18F-FDG-PET at TP1, and 76.9% (CI, 54.0%–99.8%) for 18F-FDG-PET at TP2. Lesion-to-liver and lesion-to-blood maximum standardized uptake value ratios were significantly lower at TP1 (ratios, 1.05 ± 0.40 and 1.52 ± 0.62) than at TP2 (ratios, 1.67 ± 0.74 and 2.56 ± 1.10; P = 0.003 and P = 0.001). Conclusions Delayed–time-point imaging may improve 18F-FDG-PET in MALT lymphoma. PMID:26402137

A Self-Directed Method for Cell-Type Identification and Separation of Gene Expression Microarrays

PubMed Central

Zuckerman, Neta S.; Noam, Yair; Goldsmith, Andrea J.; Lee, Peter P.

2013-01-01

Gene expression analysis is generally performed on heterogeneous tissue samples consisting of multiple cell types. Current methods developed to separate heterogeneous gene expression rely on prior knowledge of the cell-type composition and/or signatures - these are not available in most public datasets. We present a novel method to identify the cell-type composition, signatures and proportions per sample without need for a-priori information. The method was successfully tested on controlled and semi-controlled datasets and performed as accurately as current methods that do require additional information. As such, this method enables the analysis of cell-type specific gene expression using existing large pools of publically available microarray datasets. PMID:23990767

Models for open innovation in the pharmaceutical industry.

PubMed

Schuhmacher, Alexander; Germann, Paul-Georg; Trill, Henning; Gassmann, Oliver

2013-12-01

The nature of the pharmaceutical industry is such that the main driver for its growth is innovation. In view of the vast challenges that the industry has been facing for several years and, in particular, how to manage stagnating research and development (R&D) productivity, pharmaceutical companies have opened their R&D organizations to external innovation. Here, we identify and characterize four new types of open innovator, which we call 'knowledge creator', 'knowledge integrator', 'knowledge translator' and 'knowledge leverager', and which describe current open R&D models. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

FAA Pilot Knowledge Tests: Learning or Rote Memorization?

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Casner, Stephen M.; Jones, Karen M.; Puentes, Antonio; Irani, Homi

2004-01-01

The FAA pilot knowledge test is a multiple-choice assessment tool designed to measure the extent to which applicants for FAA pilot certificates and ratings have mastered a corpus of required aeronautical knowledge. All questions that appear on the test are drawn from a database of questions that is made available to the public. The FAA and others are concerned that releasing test questions may encourage students to focus their study on memorizing test questions. To investigate this concern, we created our own database of questions that differed from FAA questions in four different ways. Our first three question types were derived by modifying existing FAA questions: (1) rewording questions and answers; (2) shuffling answers; and (3) substituting different figures for problems that used figures. Our last question type posed a question about required knowledge for which no FAA question currently exists. Forty-eight student pilots completed one of two paper-and-pencil knowledge tests that contained a mix of these experimental questions. The results indicate significantly lower scores for some question types when compared to unaltered FAA questions to which participants had prior access.

27 CFR 6.99 - Stocking, rotation, and pricing service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... pricing service. 6.99 Section 6.99 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND... pricing service. (a) General. Industry members may, at a retail establishment, stock, rotate and affix the price to distilled spirits, wine, or malt beverages which they sell, provided products of other industry...

27 CFR 8.21 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... TREASURY LIQUORS EXCLUSIVE OUTLETS Prohibited Practices § 8.21 General. It is unlawful for an industry member to require, by agreement or otherwise, that any retailer purchase distilled spirits, wine, or malt beverages from the industry member to the exclusion, in whole or in part, of products sold or offered for...

27 CFR 10.4 - Jurisdictional limits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) General. The regulations in this part apply where: (1) The industry member induces a trade buyer to purchase distilled spirits, wine, or malt beverages from such industry member to the exclusion, in whole or... industry member engages in the practice of using an inducement to such an extent as substantially to...

21 CFR 163.111 - Chocolate liquor.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...; (4) Spices, natural and artificial flavorings, ground whole nut meats, ground coffee, dried malted... ingredient used in the food. (3) When one or more spices, flavorings, or seasonings specified in paragraphs... appropriate statement, e.g., “Spice added”, “Flavored with ___”, “Seasoned with ___”, or “With ___ added”, the...

21 CFR 163.123 - Sweet chocolate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...; (3) Spices, natural and artificial flavorings, ground whole nut meats, ground coffee, dried malted... specific neutralizing agent used in the food. (3) When one or more of the spices, flavorings, or seasonings... appropriate statement, e.g., “Spice added”, “Flavored with ___”, or “With ___ added”, the blank being filled...

Mathematics and Living Things. Student Text. Revised Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Faber, Norman J.; And Others

This document is designed for grade eight to enrich and supplement the usual courses of instruction. Mathematics and Living Things (MALT) utilizes exercises in biological science to derive data through which mathematical concepts and principles may be introduced and expanded. Chapters included are: (1) Leaves and Natural Variation: Measurement of…

21 CFR 172.120 - Calcium disodium EDTA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2010-04-01 2009-04-01 true Calcium disodium EDTA. 172.120 Section 172.120 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR... malt beverages 25 Antigushing agent. French dressing 75 Preservative. Legumes (all cooked canned, other...

High Potency and Other Alcoholic Beverage Consumption among Adolescents

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jobli, Edessa C.; Dore, Heather S.; Werch, Chudley E.; Moore, Michele J.

2005-01-01

This study examined the prevalence of high potency (liquor, malt liquor, fortified wine) and other alcoholic beverage consumption (beer, wine/wine coolers) among adolescents, the impact of gender and ethnicity, and the risk and protective factors that predicted consumption. A confidential survey revealed that, among eighth grade students,…

Pharmacokinetics of avenanthramides (AV) from AV-enriched malted oats in healthy older adults

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Avenanthramides (AV) are a unique group of phytochemicals found in oat bran. In vitro studies show both purified AV and concentrated oat AV mixtures have anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory activity, suggesting they may have similar effects in vivo if they are sufficiently bioavailable. The bioav...

78 FR 8016 - Establishment of the Elkton Oregon Viticultural Area

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-05

... designates viticultural areas to allow vintners to better describe the origin of their wines and to allow consumers to better identify wines they may purchase. DATES: Effective March 7, 2013. FOR FURTHER... for the labeling of wine, distilled spirits, and malt beverages. The FAA Act provides that these...

27 CFR 4.5 - Related regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... THE TREASURY LIQUORS LABELING AND ADVERTISING OF WINE Scope § 4.5 Related regulations. The following..., Bulk Sales and Bottling of Distilled Spirits 27 CFR Part 5—Labeling and Advertising of Distilled Spirits 27 CFR Part 7—Labeling and Advertising of Malt Beverages 27 CFR Part 9—American Viticultural Areas...