Sample records for manufacturing engineering refocusing

  1. Development of in-orbit refocusing mechanism for SpaceEye-1 electro-optical payload

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lee, Minwoo; Kim, Jongun; Chang, Jin-Soo; Kang, Myung-Seok

    2016-09-01

    SpaceEye-1 earth observation satellite, developed by Satrec Initiative Co. Ltd., is a 300 kg scale spacecraft with high resolution electro-optical payload (EOS-D) which performs 1 m GSD, 12 km swath in low earth orbit. Metering structure of EOS-D is manufactured with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP). Due to the moisture emission from CFRP metering structure, this spaceborne electro-optical payload undergoes shrinkage after orbit insertion. The shrinkage of metering structure causes change of the distance between primary and secondary mirror. In order to compensate the moisture shrinkage effect, two types of thermal refocusing mechanism were developed, analyzed and applied to EOS-D. Thermal analysis simulating in-orbit thermal condition and thermo-elastic displacement analysis was conducted to calculate the performance of refocusing mechanism. For each EOS-D telescope, analytical refocusing range (displacement change between primary and secondary mirror) was 2.5 um and 3.6 um. Thus, the refocusing mechanism can compensate the dimensional instability of metering structure caused by moisture emission. Furthermore, modal, static and wavefront error analysis was conducted in order to evaluate natural frequency, structural stability and optical performance. As a result, it can be concluded that the refocusing system of EOS-D payload can perform its function in orbit.

  2. Two sided residual refocusing for acoustic lens based photoacoustic imaging system.

    PubMed

    Kalloor Joseph, Francis; Chinni, Bhargava; Channappayya, Sumohana S; Pachamuthu, Rajalakshmi; Dogra, Vikram S; Rao, Navalgund

    2018-05-30

    In photoacoustic (PA) imaging, an acoustic lens-based system can form a focused image of an object plane. A real-time C-scan PA image can be formed by simply time gating the transducer response. While most of the focusing action is done by the lens, residual refocusing is needed to image multiple depths with high resolution simultaneously. However, a refocusing algorithm for PA camera has not been studied so far in the literature. In this work, we reformulate this residual refocusing problem for a PA camera into a two-sided wave propagation from a planar sensor array. One part of the problem deals with forward wave propagation while the other deals with time reversal. We have chosen a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) based wave propagation model for the refocusing to maintain the real-time nature of the system. We have conducted Point Spread Function (PSF) measurement experiments at multiple depths and refocused the signal using the proposed method. Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM), peak value and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of the refocused PSF is analyzed to quantify the effect of refocusing. We believe that using a two-dimensional transducer array combined with the proposed refocusing, can lead to real-time volumetric imaging using a lens based PA imaging system. © 2018 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine.

  3. Design and Implementation of a Prototype Ontology Aided Knowledge Discovery Assistant (OAKDA) Application

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-12-01

    speed of search engines improves the efficiency of such methods, effectiveness is not improved. The objective of this thesis is to construct and test...interest, users are assisted in finding a relevant set of key terms that will aid the search engines in narrowing, widening, or refocusing a Web search

  4. Technology in Preparing Teachers for an Information Age.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bright, Larry K.; And Others

    Teacher education can be effectively transformed to prepare educators for the information age. The characteristics of the information age require the application of organization development processes and interactive learning technologies which bring the best results of behavioral and engineering sciences to refocus teacher education structures and…

  5. Finding your next core business.

    PubMed

    Zook, Chris

    2007-04-01

    How do you know when your core needs to change? And how do you determine what should replace it? From an in-depth study of 25 companies, the author, a strategy consultant, has discovered that it's possible to measure the vitality of a business's core. If it needs reinvention, he says, the best course is to mine hidden assets. Some of the 25 companies were in deep crisis when they began the process of redefining themselves. But, says Zook, management teams can learn to recognize early signs of erosion. He offers five diagnostic questions with which to evaluate the customers, key sources of differentiation, profit pools, capabilities, and organizational culture of your core business. The next step is strategic regeneration. In four-fifths of the companies Zook examined, a hidden asset was the centerpiece of the new strategy. He provides a map for identifying the hidden assets in your midst, which tend to fall into three categories: undervalued business platforms, untapped insights into customers, and underexploited capabilities. The Swedish company Dometic, for example, was manufacturing small absorption refrigerators for boats and RVs when it discovered a hidden asset: its understanding of, and access to, customers in the RV market. The company took advantage of a boom in that market to refocus on complete systems for live-in vehicles. The Danish company Novozymes, which produced relatively low-tech commodity enzymes such as those used in detergents, realized that its underutilized biochemical capability in genetic and protein engineering was a hidden asset and successfully refocused on creating bioengineered specialty enzymes. Your next core business is not likely to announce itself with fanfare. Use the author's tools to conduct an internal audit of possibilities and pinpoint your new focus.

  6. B-2 Systems Engineering Case Study

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-01-01

    formal configuration freeze , an immediate refocus of the Task Teams was required. Within several days, the air vehicle task teams were conducting...39 3.3.3 Configuration Freeze ...1983 PDR 1 Oct 1982 Reconfiguration Feb 1983-Aug 1983 (LP3, LP4) Configuration Freeze July 1983 PDR 2 Mar-April 1984 CDR Dec 1986

  7. Plasma mirror implementation on LFEX laser for ion and fast electron fast ignition

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Morace, A.; Kojima, S.; Arikawa, Y.; Fujioka, S.; Yogo, A.; Tosaki, S.; Sakata, S.; Abe, Y.; Lee, S. H.; Matsuo, K.; Sagisaka, A.; Kondo, K.; Pirozhkov, A. S.; Norimatsu, T.; Jitsuno, T.; Miyanaga, N.; Shiraga, H.; Nakai, M.; Nishimura, H.; Azechi, H.

    2017-12-01

    In this work we report the successful implementation of plasma mirror (PM) technology on an LFEX laser facility at the Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University. The LFEX laser pulse was successfully refocused at the target chamber center (TCC) by means of a spherical plasma mirror, resulting in 5  ×  1018 W cm-2 laser intensity, with 45% reflectivity at a laser flux of about 90 J cm-2 on the PM. Experimental results show stable focusing and pointing of the LFEX pulse after PM refocusing. The contrast improvement was demonstrated by both cooler fast electron slope temperature distribution as well as by the ability to shoot sub-µm plastic foils obtaining proton beams with maximum energy exceeding 20 MeV. Experimental results are qualitatively reproduced by 2D particle in cell simulations.

  8. In vivo lactate and beta-hydroxybutyrate editing using a pure-phase refocusing pulse train.

    PubMed

    Shen, J; Novotny, E J; Rothman, D L

    1998-11-01

    A refocusing pulse train consisting of a semiselective refocusing pulse and a selective inversion pulse to obtain a pure-phase refocusing at the frequency of maximal excitation of the semiselective refocusing pulse is proposed and applied to in vivo lactate and beta-hydroxybutyrate editing using difference spectroscopy. It is shown, using both rotation matrix theory and phantom experiments, that the soft inversion pulse has to be halved to flank the semiselective pulse to obtain perfect refocusing and cancellation of interfering resonances. The editing method is used to obtain lactate and beta-hydroxybutyrate spectra from the occipital cortex of juvenile epilepsy patients before and after ketogenic diet treatment.

  9. Super-resolved all-refocused image with a plenoptic camera

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Xiang; Li, Lin; Hou, Guangqi

    2015-12-01

    This paper proposes an approach to produce the super-resolution all-refocused images with the plenoptic camera. The plenoptic camera can be produced by putting a micro-lens array between the lens and the sensor in a conventional camera. This kind of camera captures both the angular and spatial information of the scene in one single shot. A sequence of digital refocused images, which are refocused at different depth, can be produced after processing the 4D light field captured by the plenoptic camera. The number of the pixels in the refocused image is the same as that of the micro-lens in the micro-lens array. Limited number of the micro-lens will result in poor low resolution refocused images. Therefore, not enough details will exist in these images. Such lost details, which are often high frequency information, are important for the in-focus part in the refocused image. We decide to super-resolve these in-focus parts. The result of image segmentation method based on random walks, which works on the depth map produced from the 4D light field data, is used to separate the foreground and background in the refocused image. And focusing evaluation function is employed to determine which refocused image owns the clearest foreground part and which one owns the clearest background part. Subsequently, we employ single image super-resolution method based on sparse signal representation to process the focusing parts in these selected refocused images. Eventually, we can obtain the super-resolved all-focus image through merging the focusing background part and the focusing foreground part in the way of digital signal processing. And more spatial details will be kept in these output images. Our method will enhance the resolution of the refocused image, and just the refocused images owning the clearest foreground and background need to be super-resolved.

  10. Single voxel localization for dynamic hyperpolarized 13C MR spectroscopy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chen, Albert P.; Cunningham, Charles H.

    2015-09-01

    The PRESS technique has been widely used to achieve voxel localization for in vivo1H MRS acquisitions. However, for dynamic hyperpolarized 13C MRS experiments, the transition bands of the refocusing pulses may saturate the pre-polarized substrate spins flowing into the voxel. This limitation may be overcome by designing refocusing pulses that do not perturb the resonance of the hyperpolarized substrate, but selectively refocuses the spins of the metabolic products. In this study, a PRESS pulse sequence incorporating spectral-spatial refocusing pulses that have a stop band ('notch') at the substrate resonance is tested in vivo using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. Higher metabolite SNR was observed in experiments using the spectral-spatial refocusing pulses as compared to conventional refocusing pulses.

  11. Refocusing Cyber Warfare Thought

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-02-01

    January–February 2013 Air & Space Power Journal | 44 FeatureCyber Focus Refocusing Cyber Warfare Thought Maj Sean C. Butler, USAF In September 2007...1. REPORT DATE FEB 2013 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED 00-00-2013 to 00-00-2013 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Refocusing Cyber Warfare Thought 5a...2013 Air & Space Power Journal | 45 Butler Refocusing Cyber Warfare Thought FeatureCyber Focus characterized by the use of electronics and the

  12. Development of the REFOCUS intervention to increase mental health team support for personal recovery.

    PubMed

    Slade, Mike; Bird, Victoria; Le Boutillier, Clair; Farkas, Marianne; Grey, Barbara; Larsen, John; Leamy, Mary; Oades, Lindsay; Williams, Julie

    2015-12-01

    There is an emerging evidence base about best practice in supporting recovery. This is usually framed in relation to general principles, and specific pro-recovery interventions are lacking. To develop a theoretically based and empirically defensible new pro-recovery manualised intervention--called the REFOCUS intervention. Seven systematic and two narrative reviews were undertaken. Identified evidence gaps were addressed in three qualitative studies. The findings were synthesised to produce the REFOCUS intervention, manual and model. The REFOCUS intervention comprises two components: recovery-promoting relationships and working practices. Approaches to supporting relationships comprise coaching skills training for staff, developing a shared team understanding of recovery, exploring staff values, a Partnership Project with people who use the service and raising patient expectations. Working practices comprise the following: understanding values and treatment preferences; assessing strengths; and supporting goal-striving. The REFOCUS model describes the causal pathway from the REFOCUS intervention to improved recovery. The REFOCUS intervention is an empirically supported pro-recovery intervention for use in mental health services. It will be evaluated in a multisite cluster randomised controlled trial (ISRCTN02507940). © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 2015.

  13. Refocusing distance of a standard plenoptic camera.

    PubMed

    Hahne, Christopher; Aggoun, Amar; Velisavljevic, Vladan; Fiebig, Susanne; Pesch, Matthias

    2016-09-19

    Recent developments in computational photography enabled variation of the optical focus of a plenoptic camera after image exposure, also known as refocusing. Existing ray models in the field simplify the camera's complexity for the purpose of image and depth map enhancement, but fail to satisfyingly predict the distance to which a photograph is refocused. By treating a pair of light rays as a system of linear functions, it will be shown in this paper that its solution yields an intersection indicating the distance to a refocused object plane. Experimental work is conducted with different lenses and focus settings while comparing distance estimates with a stack of refocused photographs for which a blur metric has been devised. Quantitative assessments over a 24 m distance range suggest that predictions deviate by less than 0.35 % in comparison to an optical design software. The proposed refocusing estimator assists in predicting object distances just as in the prototyping stage of plenoptic cameras and will be an essential feature in applications demanding high precision in synthetic focus or where depth map recovery is done by analyzing a stack of refocused photographs.

  14. Harnessing the power of macrophages/monocytes for enhanced bone tissue engineering.

    PubMed

    Dong, Lei; Wang, Chunming

    2013-06-01

    Bone tissue engineering has attracted considerable attention as a promising treatment modality for severe bone degeneration. The pressing need for more sophisticated and fully functional bone substitutes has spurred a refocus on the development of bone constructs in a way more comparable to the physiological process. Current research is increasingly revealing the central roles of macrophages/monocytes in regulating bone development and repair, so we propose that these immunocytes can play a similar pivotal role in directing engineered bone regeneration. Accordingly, we discuss two possible strategies to exemplify how the distinctive power of macrophages/monocytes--particularly their cytokine-secretion ability and chemotactic response to foreign materials--can be harnessed to enhance the performance of bone tissue engineering applications. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  15. Full range line-field parallel swept source imaging utilizing digital refocusing

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fechtig, Daniel J.; Kumar, Abhishek; Drexler, Wolfgang; Leitgeb, Rainer A.

    2015-12-01

    We present geometric optics-based refocusing applied to a novel off-axis line-field parallel swept source imaging (LPSI) system. LPSI is an imaging modality based on line-field swept source optical coherence tomography, which permits 3-D imaging at acquisition speeds of up to 1 MHz. The digital refocusing algorithm applies a defocus-correcting phase term to the Fourier representation of complex-valued interferometric image data, which is based on the geometrical optics information of the LPSI system. We introduce the off-axis LPSI system configuration, the digital refocusing algorithm and demonstrate the effectiveness of our method for refocusing volumetric images of technical and biological samples. An increase of effective in-focus depth range from 255 μm to 4.7 mm is achieved. The recovery of the full in-focus depth range might be especially valuable for future high-speed and high-resolution diagnostic applications of LPSI in ophthalmology.

  16. Materials Science and Engineering-1989 Publications (Naval Research Laboratory)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1991-03-29

    34 D.G. Cory, J.B. Miller, A.N. Garroway "Acousto-Optic and Linear Electro-Optic Journal of Magnetic Resonance, 85, 219 Properties of Organic Polymeric...34Demonstration of Indirect Detection of ൕC Refocused Gradient Imaging of Solids" 14N Overtone NMR Transitions" J.B. Miller, A.N. Garroway A.N. Garroway , J.B...Conductive Polymer Solids" Chemical Vapor Sensors" J.B. Miller, A.N. Garroway J.F. Giuiani, T.M. Keller Journal of Magnetic Resonance, 85, 255 Journal of

  17. Fast Physically Correct Refocusing for Sparse Light Fields Using Block-Based Multi-Rate View Interpolation.

    PubMed

    Huang, Chao-Tsung; Wang, Yu-Wen; Huang, Li-Ren; Chin, Jui; Chen, Liang-Gee

    2017-02-01

    Digital refocusing has a tradeoff between complexity and quality when using sparsely sampled light fields for low-storage applications. In this paper, we propose a fast physically correct refocusing algorithm to address this issue in a twofold way. First, view interpolation is adopted to provide photorealistic quality at infocus-defocus hybrid boundaries. Regarding its conventional high complexity, we devised a fast line-scan method specifically for refocusing, and its 1D kernel can be 30× faster than the benchmark View Synthesis Reference Software (VSRS)-1D-Fast. Second, we propose a block-based multi-rate processing flow for accelerating purely infocused or defocused regions, and a further 3- 34× speedup can be achieved for high-resolution images. All candidate blocks of variable sizes can interpolate different numbers of rendered views and perform refocusing in different subsampled layers. To avoid visible aliasing and block artifacts, we determine these parameters and the simulated aperture filter through a localized filter response analysis using defocus blur statistics. The final quadtree block partitions are then optimized in terms of computation time. Extensive experimental results are provided to show superior refocusing quality and fast computation speed. In particular, the run time is comparable with the conventional single-image blurring, which causes serious boundary artifacts.

  18. Early Formulation Model-centric Engineering on NASA's Europa Mission Concept Study

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bayer, Todd; Chung, Seung; Cole, Bjorn; Cooke, Brian; Dekens, Frank; Delp, Chris; Gontijo, Ivair; Lewis, Kari; Moshir, Mehrdad; Rasmussen, Robert; hide

    2012-01-01

    The proposed Jupiter Europa Orbiter and Jupiter Ganymede Orbiter missions were formulated using current state-of-the-art MBSE facilities: - JPL's TeamX, Rapid Mission Architecting - ESA's Concurrent Design Facility - APL's ACE Concurrent Engineering Facility. When JEO became an official "pre-project" in Sep 2010, we had already developed a strong partnership with JPL's Integrated Model Centric Engineering (IMCE) initiative; decided to apply Architecting and SysML-based MBSE from the beginning, begun laying these foundations to support work in Phase A. Release of Planetary Science Decadal Survey and FY12 President's Budget in March 2011 changed the landscape. JEO reverted to being a pre-phase A study. A conscious choice was made to continue application of MBSE on the Europa Study, refocused for early formulation. This presentation describes the approach, results, and lessons.

  19. Effect of low refocusing angle in T1-weighted spin echo and fast spin echo MRI on low-contrast detectability: a comparative phantom study at 1.5 and 3 Tesla.

    PubMed

    Sarkar, Subhendra N; Mangosing, Jason L; Sarkar, Pooja R

    2013-01-01

    MRI tissue contrast is not well preserved at high field. In this work, we used a phantom with known, intrinsic contrast (3.6%) for model tissue pairs to test the effects of low angle refocusing pulses and magnetization transfer from adjacent slices on intrinsic contrast at 1.5 and 3 Tesla. Only T1-weighted spin echo sequences were tested since for such sequences the contrast loss, tissue heating, and image quality degradation at high fields seem to present significant diagnostic and quality issues. We hypothesized that the sources of contrast loss could be attributed to low refocusing angles that do not fulfill the Hahn spin echo conditions or to magnetization transfer effects from adjacent slices in multislice imaging. At 1.5 T the measured contrast was 3.6% for 180° refocusing pulses and 2% for 120° pulses, while at 3 T, it was 4% for 180° and only 1% for 120° refocusing pulses. There was no significant difference between single slice and multislice imaging suggesting little or no role played by magnetization transfer in the phantom chosen. Hence, one may conclude that low angle refocusing pulses not fulfilling the Hahn spin echo conditions are primarily responsible for significant deterioration of T1-weighted spin echo image contrast in high-field MRI.

  20. 40 CFR 60.4232 - How long must my engines meet the emission standards if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... emission standards if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines? 60.4232 Section 60... Internal Combustion Engines Emission Standards for Manufacturers § 60.4232 How long must my engines meet the emission standards if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines? Engines...

  1. 40 CFR 60.4232 - How long must my engines meet the emission standards if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... emission standards if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines? 60.4232 Section 60... Internal Combustion Engines Emission Standards for Manufacturers § 60.4232 How long must my engines meet the emission standards if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines? Engines...

  2. 40 CFR 60.4232 - How long must my engines meet the emission standards if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... emission standards if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines? 60.4232 Section 60... Internal Combustion Engines Emission Standards for Manufacturers § 60.4232 How long must my engines meet the emission standards if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines? Engines...

  3. 40 CFR 60.4203 - How long must my engines meet the emission standards if I am a stationary CI internal combustion...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... emission standards if I am a stationary CI internal combustion engine manufacturer? 60.4203 Section 60.4203... Combustion Engines Emission Standards for Manufacturers § 60.4203 How long must my engines meet the emission standards if I am a stationary CI internal combustion engine manufacturer? Engines manufactured by...

  4. 40 CFR 60.4203 - How long must my engines meet the emission standards if I am a stationary CI internal combustion...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... emission standards if I am a stationary CI internal combustion engine manufacturer? 60.4203 Section 60.4203... Combustion Engines Emission Standards for Manufacturers § 60.4203 How long must my engines meet the emission standards if I am a stationary CI internal combustion engine manufacturer? Engines manufactured by...

  5. 40 CFR 60.4232 - How long must my engines meet the emission standards if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... emission standards if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines? 60.4232 Section 60... Internal Combustion Engines Emission Standards for Manufacturers § 60.4232 How long must my engines meet the emission standards if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines? Engines...

  6. 40 CFR 60.4232 - How long must my engines meet the emission standards if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... emission standards if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines? 60.4232 Section 60... Internal Combustion Engines Emission Standards for Manufacturers § 60.4232 How long must my engines meet the emission standards if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines? Engines...

  7. CIM's bridge from CADD to CAM: Data management requirements for manufacturing engineering

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ford, S. J.

    1984-01-01

    Manufacturing engineering represents the crossroads of technical data management in a Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) environment. Process planning, numerical control programming and tool design are the key functions which translate information from as engineered to as assembled. In order to transition data from engineering to manufacturing, it is necessary to introduce a series of product interpretations which contain an interim introduction of technical parameters. The current automation of the product definition and the production process places manufacturing engineering in the center of CAD/CAM with the responsibility of communicating design data to the factory floor via a manufacturing model of the data. A close look at data management requirements for manufacturing engineering is necessary in order to establish the overall specifications for CADD output, CAM input, and CIM integration. The functions and issues associated with the orderly evolution of computer aided engineering and manufacturing are examined.

  8. Restoring the spatial resolution of refocus images on 4D light field

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lim, JaeGuyn; Park, ByungKwan; Kang, JooYoung; Lee, SeongDeok

    2010-01-01

    This paper presents the method for generating a refocus image with restored spatial resolution on a plenoptic camera, which functions controlling the depth of field after capturing one image unlike a traditional camera. It is generally known that the camera captures 4D light field (angular and spatial information of light) within a limited 2D sensor and results in reducing 2D spatial resolution due to inevitable 2D angular data. That's the reason why a refocus image is composed of a low spatial resolution compared with 2D sensor. However, it has recently been known that angular data contain sub-pixel spatial information such that the spatial resolution of 4D light field can be increased. We exploit the fact for improving the spatial resolution of a refocus image. We have experimentally scrutinized that the spatial information is different according to the depth of objects from a camera. So, from the selection of refocused regions (corresponding depth), we use corresponding pre-estimated sub-pixel spatial information for reconstructing spatial resolution of the regions. Meanwhile other regions maintain out-of-focus. Our experimental results show the effect of this proposed method compared to existing method.

  9. 75 FR 37990 - Airworthiness Directives; Ontic Engineering and Manufacturing, Inc. Propeller Governors, Part...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-01

    ... Airworthiness Directives; Ontic Engineering and Manufacturing, Inc. Propeller Governors, Part Numbers C210776... Engineering and Manufacturing, Inc. propeller governors, part numbers (P/Ns) C210776, T210761, D210760, and... this AD from Ontic Engineering and Manufacturing, Inc., 20400 Plummer Sreet, Chatsworth, CA 91311, e...

  10. 40 CFR 60.4203 - How long must my engines meet the emission standards if I am a manufacturer of stationary CI...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... emission standards if I am a manufacturer of stationary CI internal combustion engines? 60.4203 Section 60... Ignition Internal Combustion Engines Emission Standards for Manufacturers § 60.4203 How long must my engines meet the emission standards if I am a manufacturer of stationary CI internal combustion engines...

  11. 40 CFR 60.4203 - How long must my engines meet the emission standards if I am a manufacturer of stationary CI...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... emission standards if I am a manufacturer of stationary CI internal combustion engines? 60.4203 Section 60... Ignition Internal Combustion Engines Emission Standards for Manufacturers § 60.4203 How long must my engines meet the emission standards if I am a manufacturer of stationary CI internal combustion engines...

  12. 40 CFR 60.4203 - How long must my engines meet the emission standards if I am a manufacturer of stationary CI...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... emission standards if I am a manufacturer of stationary CI internal combustion engines? 60.4203 Section 60... Ignition Internal Combustion Engines Emission Standards for Manufacturers § 60.4203 How long must my engines meet the emission standards if I am a manufacturer of stationary CI internal combustion engines...

  13. 40 CFR 89.102 - Effective dates, optional inclusion, flexibility for equipment manufacturers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES Emission Standards and Certification Provisions § 89.102 Effective dates, optional inclusion, flexibility for equipment manufacturers. (a) This subpart applies to all engines... manufactured on or after January 1, 2000. (b) A manufacturer can optionally certify engines manufactured up to...

  14. 40 CFR 89.102 - Effective dates, optional inclusion, flexibility for equipment manufacturers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES Emission Standards and Certification Provisions § 89.102 Effective dates, optional inclusion, flexibility for equipment manufacturers. (a) This subpart applies to all engines... manufactured on or after January 1, 2000. (b) A manufacturer can optionally certify engines manufactured up to...

  15. 26 CFR 31.3121(a)(1)-1 - Annual wage limitation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... which is engaged in the manufacture of automobiles, including the manufacture of automobile engines, discontinues the manufacture of the engines and transfers all the property used in such manufacturing operation... business of the M Corporation, namely, its engine manufacturing unit. Example 2. The R Corporation which is...

  16. 26 CFR 31.3121(a)(1)-1 - Annual wage limitation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... which is engaged in the manufacture of automobiles, including the manufacture of automobile engines, discontinues the manufacture of the engines and transfers all the property used in such manufacturing operation... business of the M Corporation, namely, its engine manufacturing unit. Example 2. The R Corporation which is...

  17. 26 CFR 31.3121(a)(1)-1 - Annual wage limitation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... which is engaged in the manufacture of automobiles, including the manufacture of automobile engines, discontinues the manufacture of the engines and transfers all the property used in such manufacturing operation... business of the M Corporation, namely, its engine manufacturing unit. Example 2. The R Corporation which is...

  18. 26 CFR 31.3121(a)(1)-1 - Annual wage limitation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... which is engaged in the manufacture of automobiles, including the manufacture of automobile engines, discontinues the manufacture of the engines and transfers all the property used in such manufacturing operation... business of the M Corporation, namely, its engine manufacturing unit. Example 2. The R Corporation which is...

  19. 40 CFR 60.4242 - What other requirements must I meet if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines or equipment containing stationary SI internal combustion engines or a manufacturer of equipment containing such engines? 60.4242... Ignition Internal Combustion Engines Compliance Requirements for Manufacturers § 60.4242 What other...

  20. 40 CFR 60.4242 - What other requirements must I meet if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines or equipment containing stationary SI internal combustion engines or a manufacturer of equipment containing such engines? 60.4242... Ignition Internal Combustion Engines Compliance Requirements for Manufacturers § 60.4242 What other...

  1. 40 CFR 60.4242 - What other requirements must I meet if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines or equipment containing stationary SI internal combustion engines or a manufacturer of equipment containing such engines? 60.4242... Ignition Internal Combustion Engines Compliance Requirements for Manufacturers § 60.4242 What other...

  2. 40 CFR 60.4242 - What other requirements must I meet if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines or equipment containing stationary SI internal combustion engines or a manufacturer of equipment containing such engines? 60.4242... Ignition Internal Combustion Engines Compliance Requirements for Manufacturers § 60.4242 What other...

  3. 40 CFR 60.4242 - What other requirements must I meet if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines or equipment containing stationary SI internal combustion engines or a manufacturer of equipment containing such engines? 60.4242... Ignition Internal Combustion Engines Compliance Requirements for Manufacturers § 60.4242 What other...

  4. Evaluation of non-selective refocusing pulses for 7 T MRI

    PubMed Central

    Moore, Jay; Jankiewicz, Marcin; Anderson, Adam W.; Gore, John C.

    2011-01-01

    There is a continuing need for improved RF pulses that achieve proper refocusing in the context of ultra-high field (≥ 7 T) human MRI. Simple block or sinc pulses are highly susceptible to RF field inhomogeneities, and adiabatic pulses are generally considered too SAR intensive for practical use at 7 T. The performance of the array of pulses falling between these extremes, however, has not been systematically evaluated. The aim of this work was to compare the performances of 21 non-selective refocusing pulses spanning a range of durations and SAR levels. The evaluation was based upon simulations and both phantom and in vivo human brain experiments conducted at 7 T. Tested refocusing designs included block, composite block, BIR-4, hyperbolic secant, and numerically optimized composite waveforms. These pulses were divided into three SAR classes and two duration categories, and, based on signal gain in a 3-D spin echo sequence, practical recommendations on usage are made within each category. All evaluated pulses were found to produce greater volume-averaged signals relative to a 180° block pulse. Although signal gains often come with the price of increased SAR or duration, some pulses were found to result in significant signal enhancement while also adhering to practical constraints. This work demonstrates the signal gains and losses realizable with single-channel refocusing pulse designs and should assist in the selection of suitable refocusing pulses for practical 3-D spin-echo imaging at 7 T. It further establishes a reference against which future pulses and multi-channel designs can be compared. PMID:22177384

  5. 48 CFR 9904.403-60 - Illustrations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... personnel, labor hours, payroll, number of hires. 2. Manufacturing policies, (quality control, industrial engineering, production, scheduling, tooling, inspection and testing, etc 2. Manufacturing cost input, manufacturing direct labor. 3. Engineering policies 3. Total engineering costs, engineering direct labor, number...

  6. 48 CFR 9904.403-60 - Illustrations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... personnel, labor hours, payroll, number of hires. 2. Manufacturing policies, (quality control, industrial engineering, production, scheduling, tooling, inspection and testing, etc 2. Manufacturing cost input, manufacturing direct labor. 3. Engineering policies 3. Total engineering costs, engineering direct labor, number...

  7. 48 CFR 9904.403-60 - Illustrations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... personnel, labor hours, payroll, number of hires. 2. Manufacturing policies, (quality control, industrial engineering, production, scheduling, tooling, inspection and testing, etc 2. Manufacturing cost input, manufacturing direct labor. 3. Engineering policies 3. Total engineering costs, engineering direct labor, number...

  8. 40 CFR 60.4238 - What are my compliance requirements if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines â¤19 KW (25 HP) or a manufacturer... Standards of Performance for Stationary Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engines Compliance Requirements... SI internal combustion engines ≤19 KW (25 HP) or a manufacturer of equipment containing such engines...

  9. 40 CFR 60.4238 - What are my compliance requirements if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines â¤19 KW (25 HP) or a manufacturer... Standards of Performance for Stationary Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engines Compliance Requirements... SI internal combustion engines ≤19 KW (25 HP) or a manufacturer of equipment containing such engines...

  10. 40 CFR 60.4238 - What are my compliance requirements if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines â¤19 KW (25 HP) or a manufacturer... Standards of Performance for Stationary Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engines Compliance Requirements... SI internal combustion engines ≤19 KW (25 HP) or a manufacturer of equipment containing such engines...

  11. 40 CFR 60.4238 - What are my compliance requirements if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines â¤19 KW (25 HP) or a manufacturer... Standards of Performance for Stationary Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engines Compliance Requirements... SI internal combustion engines ≤19 KW (25 HP) or a manufacturer of equipment containing such engines...

  12. 40 CFR 60.4238 - What are my compliance requirements if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines â¤19 KW (25 HP) or a manufacturer... Standards of Performance for Stationary Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engines Compliance Requirements... SI internal combustion engines ≤19 KW (25 HP) or a manufacturer of equipment containing such engines...

  13. A Fully Non-Metallic Gas Turbine Engine Enabled by Additive Manufacturing Part I: System Analysis, Component Identification, Additive Manufacturing, and Testing of Polymer Composites

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Grady, Joseph E.; Haller, William J.; Poinsatte, Philip E.; Halbig, Michael C.; Schnulo, Sydney L.; Singh, Mrityunjay; Weir, Don; Wali, Natalie; Vinup, Michael; Jones, Michael G.; hide

    2015-01-01

    The research and development activities reported in this publication were carried out under NASA Aeronautics Research Institute (NARI) funded project entitled "A Fully Nonmetallic Gas Turbine Engine Enabled by Additive Manufacturing." The objective of the project was to conduct evaluation of emerging materials and manufacturing technologies that will enable fully nonmetallic gas turbine engines. The results of the activities are described in three part report. The first part of the report contains the data and analysis of engine system trade studies, which were carried out to estimate reduction in engine emissions and fuel burn enabled due to advanced materials and manufacturing processes. A number of key engine components were identified in which advanced materials and additive manufacturing processes would provide the most significant benefits to engine operation. The technical scope of activities included an assessment of the feasibility of using additive manufacturing technologies to fabricate gas turbine engine components from polymer and ceramic matrix composites, which were accomplished by fabricating prototype engine components and testing them in simulated engine operating conditions. The manufacturing process parameters were developed and optimized for polymer and ceramic composites (described in detail in the second and third part of the report). A number of prototype components (inlet guide vane (IGV), acoustic liners, engine access door) were additively manufactured using high temperature polymer materials. Ceramic matrix composite components included turbine nozzle components. In addition, IGVs and acoustic liners were tested in simulated engine conditions in test rigs. The test results are reported and discussed in detail.

  14. A Fully Non-Metallic Gas Turbine Engine Enabled by Additive Manufacturing

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Grady, Joseph E.; Halbig, Michael C.; Singh, Mrityunjay

    2015-01-01

    In a NASA Aeronautics Research Institute (NARI) sponsored program entitled "A Fully Non-Metallic Gas Turbine Engine Enabled by Additive Manufacturing," evaluation of emerging materials and additive manufacturing technologies was carried out. These technologies may enable fully non-metallic gas turbine engines in the future. This paper highlights the results of engine system trade studies which were carried out to estimate reduction in engine emissions and fuel burn enabled due to advanced materials and manufacturing processes. A number of key engine components were identified in which advanced materials and additive manufacturing processes would provide the most significant benefits to engine operation. In addition, feasibility of using additive manufacturing technologies to fabricate gas turbine engine components from polymer and ceramic matrix composite were demonstrated. A wide variety of prototype components (inlet guide vanes (IGV), acoustic liners, engine access door, were additively manufactured using high temperature polymer materials. Ceramic matrix composite components included first stage nozzle segments and high pressure turbine nozzle segments for a cooled doublet vane. In addition, IGVs and acoustic liners were tested in simulated engine conditions in test rigs. The test results are reported and discussed in detail.

  15. A Fully Non-Metallic Gas Turbine Engine Enabled by Additive Manufacturing

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Grady, Joseph E.; Halbig, Michael C.; Singh, Mrityunjay

    2015-01-01

    In a NASA Aeronautics Research Institute (NARI) sponsored program entitled "A Fully Non-Metallic Gas Turbine Engine Enabled by Additive Manufacturing", evaluation of emerging materials and additive manufacturing technologies was carried out. These technologies may enable fully non-metallic gas turbine engines in the future. This paper highlights the results of engine system trade studies which were carried out to estimate reduction in engine emissions and fuel burn enabled due to advanced materials and manufacturing processes. A number of key engine components were identified in which advanced materials and additive manufacturing processes would provide the most significant benefits to engine operation. In addition, feasibility of using additive manufacturing technologies to fabricate gas turbine engine components from polymer and ceramic matrix composite were demonstrated. A wide variety of prototype components (inlet guide vanes (IGV), acoustic liners, engine access door) were additively manufactured using high temperature polymer materials. Ceramic matrix composite components included first stage nozzle segments and high pressure turbine nozzle segments for a cooled doublet vane. In addition, IGVs and acoustic liners were tested in simulated engine conditions in test rigs. The test results are reported and discussed in detail.

  16. The effects of working memory load and attention refocusing on delay discounting rates in alcohol use disorder with comorbid antisocial personality disorder.

    PubMed

    Gunn, Rachel L; Gerst, Kyle R; Lake, Allison J; Finn, Peter R

    2018-02-01

    Executive working memory capacity (eWMC) is central to adaptive decision-making. Research has revealed reduced eWMC and higher rates of impulsive decision making in individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUDs: DSM-IV Alcohol Dependence of Alcohol Abuse) and antisocial psychopathology (AP). Recent work has shown that placing a load on working memory (WM) further increases impulsive decision making on the delay discounting (DD) task in those with AUDs and AP. The current study examined the effects of an attention refocusing manipulation to offset the effects of this WM-load on DD rates in control subjects, those with AUDs without AP, and AUDs with AP (AUD-AP). Results revealed that 1) the AUD-AP group had higher DD rates (i.e., more impulsive decision-making) than the AUD group, followed by controls, and 2) attention refocusing after a load is placed on WM was associated with lower DD rates compared to the load without refocusing in both AUD groups, but not controls. Results suggest that refocusing attention after a cognitive load may be an effective cognitive strategy for reducing the impulsivity-enhancing effects of cognitive load on decision making in individuals with AUDs and AP. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  17. 40 CFR 60.4210 - What are my compliance requirements if I am a stationary CI internal combustion engine manufacturer?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... I am a stationary CI internal combustion engine manufacturer? 60.4210 Section 60.4210 Protection of... Combustion Engines Compliance Requirements § 60.4210 What are my compliance requirements if I am a stationary CI internal combustion engine manufacturer? (a) Stationary CI internal combustion engine...

  18. 40 CFR 60.4210 - What are my compliance requirements if I am a stationary CI internal combustion engine manufacturer?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... I am a stationary CI internal combustion engine manufacturer? 60.4210 Section 60.4210 Protection of... Combustion Engines Compliance Requirements § 60.4210 What are my compliance requirements if I am a stationary CI internal combustion engine manufacturer? (a) Stationary CI internal combustion engine...

  19. 40 CFR 60.4210 - What are my compliance requirements if I am a stationary CI internal combustion engine manufacturer?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... I am a stationary CI internal combustion engine manufacturer? 60.4210 Section 60.4210 Protection of... Combustion Engines Compliance Requirements § 60.4210 What are my compliance requirements if I am a stationary CI internal combustion engine manufacturer? (a) Stationary CI internal combustion engine...

  20. 40 CFR 60.4210 - What are my compliance requirements if I am a stationary CI internal combustion engine manufacturer?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... I am a stationary CI internal combustion engine manufacturer? 60.4210 Section 60.4210 Protection of... Combustion Engines Compliance Requirements § 60.4210 What are my compliance requirements if I am a stationary CI internal combustion engine manufacturer? (a) Stationary CI internal combustion engine...

  1. 40 CFR 60.4210 - What are my compliance requirements if I am a stationary CI internal combustion engine manufacturer?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... I am a stationary CI internal combustion engine manufacturer? 60.4210 Section 60.4210 Protection of... Combustion Engines Compliance Requirements § 60.4210 What are my compliance requirements if I am a stationary CI internal combustion engine manufacturer? (a) Stationary CI internal combustion engine...

  2. 40 CFR 60.4202 - What emission standards must I meet for emergency engines if I am a stationary CI internal...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... emergency engines if I am a stationary CI internal combustion engine manufacturer? 60.4202 Section 60.4202... Combustion Engines Emission Standards for Manufacturers § 60.4202 What emission standards must I meet for emergency engines if I am a stationary CI internal combustion engine manufacturer? (a) Stationary CI...

  3. Plenoptic particle image velocimetry with multiple plenoptic cameras

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fahringer, Timothy W.; Thurow, Brian S.

    2018-07-01

    Plenoptic particle image velocimetry was recently introduced as a viable three-dimensional, three-component velocimetry technique based on light field cameras. One of the main benefits of this technique is its single camera configuration allowing the technique to be applied in facilities with limited optical access. The main drawback of this configuration is decreased accuracy in the out-of-plane dimension. This work presents a solution with the addition of a second plenoptic camera in a stereo-like configuration. A framework for reconstructing volumes with multiple plenoptic cameras including the volumetric calibration and reconstruction algorithms, including: integral refocusing, filtered refocusing, multiplicative refocusing, and MART are presented. It is shown that the addition of a second camera improves the reconstruction quality and removes the ‘cigar’-like elongation associated with the single camera system. In addition, it is found that adding a third camera provides minimal improvement. Further metrics of the reconstruction quality are quantified in terms of a reconstruction algorithm, particle density, number of cameras, camera separation angle, voxel size, and the effect of common image noise sources. In addition, a synthetic Gaussian ring vortex is used to compare the accuracy of the single and two camera configurations. It was determined that the addition of a second camera reduces the RMSE velocity error from 1.0 to 0.1 voxels in depth and 0.2 to 0.1 voxels in the lateral spatial directions. Finally, the technique is applied experimentally on a ring vortex and comparisons are drawn from the four presented reconstruction algorithms, where it was found that MART and multiplicative refocusing produced the cleanest vortex structure and had the least shot-to-shot variability. Filtered refocusing is able to produce the desired structure, albeit with more noise and variability, while integral refocusing struggled to produce a coherent vortex ring.

  4. Velocity encoding with the slice select refocusing gradient for faster imaging and reduced chemical shift-induced phase errors.

    PubMed

    Middione, Matthew J; Thompson, Richard B; Ennis, Daniel B

    2014-06-01

    To investigate a novel phase-contrast MRI velocity-encoding technique for faster imaging and reduced chemical shift-induced phase errors. Velocity encoding with the slice select refocusing gradient achieves the target gradient moment by time shifting the refocusing gradient, which enables the use of the minimum in-phase echo time (TE) for faster imaging and reduced chemical shift-induced phase errors. Net forward flow was compared in 10 healthy subjects (N = 10) within the ascending aorta (aAo), main pulmonary artery (PA), and right/left pulmonary arteries (RPA/LPA) using conventional flow compensated and flow encoded (401 Hz/px and TE = 3.08 ms) and slice select refocused gradient velocity encoding (814 Hz/px and TE = 2.46 ms) at 3 T. Improved net forward flow agreement was measured across all vessels for slice select refocused gradient compared to flow compensated and flow encoded: aAo vs. PA (1.7% ± 1.9% vs. 5.8% ± 2.8%, P = 0.002), aAo vs. RPA + LPA (2.1% ± 1.7% vs. 6.0% ± 4.3%, P = 0.03), and PA vs. RPA + LPA (2.9% ± 2.1% vs. 6.1% ± 6.3%, P = 0.04), while increasing temporal resolution (35%) and signal-to-noise ratio (33%). Slice select refocused gradient phase-contrast MRI with a high receiver bandwidth and minimum in-phase TE provides more accurate and less variable flow measurements through the reduction of chemical shift-induced phase errors and a reduced TE/repetition time, which can be used to increase the temporal/spatial resolution and/or reduce breath hold durations. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  5. Manufacturing engineering: Principles for optimization

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Koenig, Daniel T.

    Various subjects in the area of manufacturing engineering are addressed. The topics considered include: manufacturing engineering organization concepts and management techniques, factory capacity and loading techniques, capital equipment programs, machine tool and equipment selection and implementation, producibility engineering, methods, planning and work management, and process control engineering in job shops. Also discussed are: maintenance engineering, numerical control of machine tools, fundamentals of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture, computer-aided process planning and data collection, group technology basis for plant layout, environmental control and safety, and the Integrated Productivity Improvement Program.

  6. Flexible manufacturing of aircraft engine parts

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hassan, Ossama M.; Jenkins, Douglas M.

    1992-06-01

    GE Aircraft Engines, a major supplier of jet engines for commercial and military aircraft, has developed a fully integrated manufacturing facility to produce aircraft engine components in flexible manufacturing cells. This paper discusses many aspects of the implementation including process technologies, material handling, software control system architecture, socio-technical systems and lessons learned. Emphasis is placed on the appropriate use of automation in a flexible manufacturing system.

  7. 26 CFR 31.3306(b)(1)-1 - $3,000 limitation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    .... The M Corporation which is engaged in the manufacture of automobiles, including the manufacture of automobile engines, discontinues the manufacture of the engines and transfers all the property used in such... trade or business of the M Corporation, namely, its engine manufacturing unit. Example 2. The R...

  8. 26 CFR 31.3306(b)(1)-1 - $3,000 limitation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    .... The M Corporation which is engaged in the manufacture of automobiles, including the manufacture of automobile engines, discontinues the manufacture of the engines and transfers all the property used in such... trade or business of the M Corporation, namely, its engine manufacturing unit. Example 2. The R...

  9. 26 CFR 31.3306(b)(1)-1 - $3,000 limitation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    .... The M Corporation which is engaged in the manufacture of automobiles, including the manufacture of automobile engines, discontinues the manufacture of the engines and transfers all the property used in such... trade or business of the M Corporation, namely, its engine manufacturing unit. Example 2. The R...

  10. 26 CFR 31.3306(b)(1)-1 - $3,000 limitation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    .... The M Corporation which is engaged in the manufacture of automobiles, including the manufacture of automobile engines, discontinues the manufacture of the engines and transfers all the property used in such... trade or business of the M Corporation, namely, its engine manufacturing unit. Example 2. The R...

  11. 26 CFR 31.3306(b)(1)-1 - $3,000 limitation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    .... The M Corporation which is engaged in the manufacture of automobiles, including the manufacture of automobile engines, discontinues the manufacture of the engines and transfers all the property used in such... trade or business of the M Corporation, namely, its engine manufacturing unit. Example 2. The R...

  12. 48 CFR 31.205-25 - Manufacturing and production engineering costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... production engineering costs. 31.205-25 Section 31.205-25 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL... Commercial Organizations 31.205-25 Manufacturing and production engineering costs. (a) The costs of manufacturing and production engineering effort as described in (1) through (4) below are all allowable: (1...

  13. 48 CFR 31.205-25 - Manufacturing and production engineering costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... production engineering costs. 31.205-25 Section 31.205-25 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL... Commercial Organizations 31.205-25 Manufacturing and production engineering costs. (a) The costs of manufacturing and production engineering effort as described in (1) through (4) below are all allowable: (1...

  14. 48 CFR 31.205-25 - Manufacturing and production engineering costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... production engineering costs. 31.205-25 Section 31.205-25 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL... Commercial Organizations 31.205-25 Manufacturing and production engineering costs. (a) The costs of manufacturing and production engineering effort as described in (1) through (4) below are all allowable: (1...

  15. 48 CFR 31.205-25 - Manufacturing and production engineering costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... production engineering costs. 31.205-25 Section 31.205-25 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL... Commercial Organizations 31.205-25 Manufacturing and production engineering costs. (a) The costs of manufacturing and production engineering effort as described in (1) through (4) below are all allowable: (1...

  16. 48 CFR 31.205-25 - Manufacturing and production engineering costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... production engineering costs. 31.205-25 Section 31.205-25 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL... Commercial Organizations 31.205-25 Manufacturing and production engineering costs. (a) The costs of manufacturing and production engineering effort as described in (1) through (4) below are all allowable: (1...

  17. On architecting and composing engineering information services to enable smart manufacturing

    PubMed Central

    Ivezic, Nenad; Srinivasan, Vijay

    2016-01-01

    Engineering information systems play an important role in the current era of digitization of manufacturing, which is a key component to enable smart manufacturing. Traditionally, these engineering information systems spanned the lifecycle of a product by providing interoperability of software subsystems through a combination of open and proprietary exchange of data. But research and development efforts are underway to replace this paradigm with engineering information services that can be composed dynamically to meet changing needs in the operation of smart manufacturing systems. This paper describes the opportunities and challenges in architecting such engineering information services and composing them to enable smarter manufacturing. PMID:27840595

  18. Productivity improvement through industrial engineering in the semiconductor industry

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Meyersdorf, Doron

    1996-09-01

    Industrial Engineering is fairly new to the semiconductor industry, though the awareness to its importance has increased in recent years. The US semiconductor industry in particular has come to the realization that in order to remain competitive in the global market it must take the lead not only in product development but also in manufacturing. Industrial engineering techniques offer one ofthe most effective strategies for achieving manufacturing excellence. Industrial engineers play an important role in the success of the manufacturing facility. This paper defines the Industrial engineers role in the IC facility, set the visions of excellence in semiconductor manufacturing and highlights 10 roadblocks on the journey towards manufacturing excellence.

  19. 40 CFR 86.1851-01 - Application of good engineering judgment to manufacturers' decisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Application of good engineering... Application of good engineering judgment to manufacturers' decisions. (a) The manufacturer shall exercise good engineering judgment in making all decisions called for under this subpart, including but not limited to...

  20. 40 CFR 86.1851-01 - Application of good engineering judgment to manufacturers' decisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Application of good engineering... Application of good engineering judgment to manufacturers' decisions. (a) The manufacturer shall exercise good engineering judgment in making all decisions called for under this subpart, including but not limited to...

  1. 75 FR 12148 - Airworthiness Directives; Ontic Engineering and Manufacturing, Inc. Propeller Governors, Part...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-15

    ...-0102; Directorate Identifier 2010-NE-09-AD] RIN 2120-AA64 Airworthiness Directives; Ontic Engineering... Ontic Engineering and Manufacturing, Inc. propeller governors, part numbers (P/Ns) C210776, T210761... Federal holidays. Fax: (202) 493-2251. Contact Ontic Engineering and Manufacturing, Inc., 20400 Plummer...

  2. 40 CFR 86.1851-01 - Application of good engineering judgment to manufacturers' decisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Application of good engineering... of good engineering judgment to manufacturers' decisions. (a) The manufacturer shall exercise good engineering judgment in making all decisions called for under this subpart, including but not limited to...

  3. 40 CFR 86.1851-01 - Application of good engineering judgment to manufacturers' decisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Application of good engineering... Application of good engineering judgment to manufacturers' decisions. (a) The manufacturer shall exercise good engineering judgment in making all decisions called for under this subpart, including but not limited to...

  4. 40 CFR 86.1851-01 - Application of good engineering judgment to manufacturers' decisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Application of good engineering... Application of good engineering judgment to manufacturers' decisions. (a) The manufacturer shall exercise good engineering judgment in making all decisions called for under this subpart, including but not limited to...

  5. 40 CFR 1054.612 - What special provisions apply for equipment manufacturers modifying certified nonhandheld engines?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... manufacturer for that engine. In your application for certification describe any differences between the... equipment manufacturers modifying certified nonhandheld engines? 1054.612 Section 1054.612 Protection of..., SMALL NONROAD SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES AND EQUIPMENT Special Compliance Provisions § 1054.612 What special...

  6. 40 CFR 1054.612 - What special provisions apply for equipment manufacturers modifying certified nonhandheld engines?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... manufacturer for that engine. In your application for certification describe any differences between the... equipment manufacturers modifying certified nonhandheld engines? 1054.612 Section 1054.612 Protection of..., SMALL NONROAD SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES AND EQUIPMENT Special Compliance Provisions § 1054.612 What special...

  7. 40 CFR 1054.612 - What special provisions apply for equipment manufacturers modifying certified nonhandheld engines?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... manufacturer for that engine. In your application for certification describe any differences between the... equipment manufacturers modifying certified nonhandheld engines? 1054.612 Section 1054.612 Protection of..., SMALL NONROAD SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES AND EQUIPMENT Special Compliance Provisions § 1054.612 What special...

  8. 40 CFR 1054.612 - What special provisions apply for equipment manufacturers modifying certified nonhandheld engines?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... manufacturer for that engine. In your application for certification describe any differences between the... equipment manufacturers modifying certified nonhandheld engines? 1054.612 Section 1054.612 Protection of..., SMALL NONROAD SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES AND EQUIPMENT Special Compliance Provisions § 1054.612 What special...

  9. 40 CFR 1054.612 - What special provisions apply for equipment manufacturers modifying certified nonhandheld engines?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... manufacturer for that engine. In your application for certification describe any differences between the... equipment manufacturers modifying certified nonhandheld engines? 1054.612 Section 1054.612 Protection of..., SMALL NONROAD SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES AND EQUIPMENT Special Compliance Provisions § 1054.612 What special...

  10. 14 CFR 21.6 - Manufacture of new aircraft, aircraft engines, and propellers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... engines, and propellers. 21.6 Section 21.6 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION... Manufacture of new aircraft, aircraft engines, and propellers. (a) Except as specified in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, no person may manufacture a new aircraft, aircraft engine, or propeller based on...

  11. 14 CFR 21.6 - Manufacture of new aircraft, aircraft engines, and propellers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... engines, and propellers. 21.6 Section 21.6 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION... Manufacture of new aircraft, aircraft engines, and propellers. (a) Except as specified in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, no person may manufacture a new aircraft, aircraft engine, or propeller based on...

  12. 14 CFR 21.6 - Manufacture of new aircraft, aircraft engines, and propellers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... engines, and propellers. 21.6 Section 21.6 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION... Manufacture of new aircraft, aircraft engines, and propellers. (a) Except as specified in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, no person may manufacture a new aircraft, aircraft engine, or propeller based on...

  13. 14 CFR 21.6 - Manufacture of new aircraft, aircraft engines, and propellers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... engines, and propellers. 21.6 Section 21.6 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION... Manufacture of new aircraft, aircraft engines, and propellers. (a) Except as specified in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, no person may manufacture a new aircraft, aircraft engine, or propeller based on...

  14. 14 CFR 21.6 - Manufacture of new aircraft, aircraft engines, and propellers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Manufacture of new aircraft, aircraft... Manufacture of new aircraft, aircraft engines, and propellers. (a) Except as specified in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, no person may manufacture a new aircraft, aircraft engine, or propeller based on...

  15. Refocused continuous-wave decoupling: a new approach to heteronuclear dipolar decoupling in solid-state NMR spectroscopy.

    PubMed

    Vinther, Joachim M; Nielsen, Anders B; Bjerring, Morten; van Eck, Ernst R H; Kentgens, Arno P M; Khaneja, Navin; Nielsen, Niels Chr

    2012-12-07

    A novel strategy for heteronuclear dipolar decoupling in magic-angle spinning solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is presented, which eliminates residual static high-order terms in the effective Hamiltonian originating from interactions between oscillating dipolar and anisotropic shielding tensors. The method, called refocused continuous-wave (rCW) decoupling, is systematically established by interleaving continuous wave decoupling with appropriately inserted rotor-synchronized high-power π refocusing pulses of alternating phases. The effect of the refocusing pulses in eliminating residual effects from dipolar coupling in heteronuclear spin systems is rationalized by effective Hamiltonian calculations to third order. In some variants the π pulse refocusing is supplemented by insertion of rotor-synchronized π/2 purging pulses to further reduce the residual dipolar coupling effects. Five different rCW decoupling sequences are presented and their performance is compared to state-of-the-art decoupling methods. The rCW decoupling sequences benefit from extreme broadbandedness, tolerance towards rf inhomogeneity, and improved potential for decoupling at relatively low average rf field strengths. In numerical simulations, the rCW schemes clearly reveal superior characteristics relative to the best decoupling schemes presented so far, which we to some extent also are capable of demonstrating experimentally. A major advantage of the rCW decoupling methods is that they are easy to set up and optimize experimentally.

  16. Identification and reduction of image artifacts in non-contrast-enhanced velocity-selective peripheral angiography at 3T.

    PubMed

    Shin, Taehoon; Qin, Qin; Park, Jang-Yeon; Crawford, Robert S; Rajagopalan, Sanjay

    2016-08-01

    To identify and reduce image artifacts in non-contrast-enhanced velocity-selective (VS) magnetization-prepared peripheral MR angiography (MRA) at 3T. To avoid signal loss in the arteries, double and quadruple refocused VS excitation pulse sequences were designed that were robust to a wide range of B0 and B1 offset. To suppress stripe artifact and background signal variation, we successively applied two VS preparations with excitation profiles shifted by half the period of the stripes. VS-MRA using single, double, and quadruple refocused VS preparations was tested in healthy subjects and a patient. In the regions of large B0 and B1 offsets, arterial signal loss was yielded by single refocused VS preparation, but was avoided with double or quadruple refocused preparations. Compared with single VS preparation, the two consecutive preparations with shifted excitation profiles substantially reduced the stripe artifact and background signal variation, as demonstrated by increased mean and decreased standard deviation of relative contrast-to-noise ratio. The proposed VS-MRA identified multilevel disease in the femoral arteries of the patient, as validated by digital subtraction angiography. Two multiple refocused VS magnetization preparations with shifted excitation profiles yield artifact-free peripheral angiograms at 3T. Magn Reson Med 76:466-477, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  17. Resolution enhancement in a double-helix phase engineered scanning microscope (RESCH microscope) (Presentation Recording)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jesacher, Alexander; Ritsch-Marte, Monika; Piestun, Rafael

    2015-08-01

    Recently we introduced RESCH microscopy [1] - a scanning microscope that allows slightly refocusing the sample after the acquisition has been performed, solely by performing appropriate data post-processing. The microscope features a double-helix phase-engineered emission point spread function in combination with camera-based detection. Based on the principle of transverse resolution enhancement in Image Scanning Microscopy [2,3], we demonstrate similar resolution improvement in RESCH. Furthermore, we outline a pathway for how the collected 3D sample information can be used to construct sharper optical sections. [1] A. Jesacher, M. Ritsch-Marte and R. Piestun, accepted for Optica. [2] C.J.R. Sheppard, "Super-resolution in Confocal imaging," Optik, 80, 53-54 (1988). [3] C.B. Müller and J. Enderlein "Image Scanning Microscopy," Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 198101 (2010).

  18. Design of non-selective refocusing pulses with phase-free rotation axis by gradient ascent pulse engineering algorithm in parallel transmission at 7T.

    PubMed

    Massire, Aurélien; Cloos, Martijn A; Vignaud, Alexandre; Le Bihan, Denis; Amadon, Alexis; Boulant, Nicolas

    2013-05-01

    At ultra-high magnetic field (≥ 7T), B1 and ΔB0 non-uniformities cause undesired inhomogeneities in image signal and contrast. Tailored radiofrequency pulses exploiting parallel transmission have been shown to mitigate these phenomena. However, the design of large flip angle excitations, a prerequisite for many clinical applications, remains challenging due the non-linearity of the Bloch equation. In this work, we explore the potential of gradient ascent pulse engineering to design non-selective spin-echo refocusing pulses that simultaneously mitigate severe B1 and ΔB0 non-uniformities. The originality of the method lays in the optimization of the rotation matrices themselves as opposed to magnetization states. Consequently, the commonly used linear class of large tip angle approximation can be eliminated from the optimization procedure. This approach, combined with optimal control, provides additional degrees of freedom by relaxing the phase constraint on the rotation axis, and allows the derivative of the performance criterion to be found analytically. The method was experimentally validated on an 8-channel transmit array at 7T, using a water phantom with B1 and ΔB0 inhomogeneities similar to those encountered in the human brain. For the first time in MRI, the rotation matrix itself on every voxel was measured by using Quantum Process Tomography. The results are complemented with a series of spin-echo measurements comparing the proposed method against commonly used alternatives. Both experiments confirm very good performance, while simultaneously maintaining a low energy deposition and pulse duration compared to well-known adiabatic solutions. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  19. 40 CFR 1068.101 - What general actions does this regulation prohibit?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ..., operating an engine without a supply of appropriate quality urea if the emissions control system relies on urea to reduce NOx emissions or the use of incorrect fuel or engine oil that renders the emissions... manufacturers of new engines, manufacturers of equipment containing these engines, and manufacturers of new...

  20. 40 CFR 1068.101 - What general actions does this regulation prohibit?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ..., operating an engine without a supply of appropriate quality urea if the emissions control system relies on urea to reduce NOx emissions or the use of incorrect fuel or engine oil that renders the emissions... manufacturers of new engines, manufacturers of equipment containing these engines, and manufacturers of new...

  1. 40 CFR 1068.101 - What general actions does this regulation prohibit?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ..., operating an engine without a supply of appropriate quality urea if the emissions control system relies on urea to reduce NOx emissions or the use of incorrect fuel or engine oil that renders the emissions... manufacturers of new engines, manufacturers of equipment containing these engines, and manufacturers of new...

  2. 40 CFR 60.4231 - What emission standards must I meet if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines or equipment containing such... Stationary Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engines Emission Standards for Manufacturers § 60.4231 What emission standards must I meet if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines or...

  3. 40 CFR 60.4231 - What emission standards must I meet if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines or equipment containing such... Stationary Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engines Emission Standards for Manufacturers § 60.4231 What emission standards must I meet if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines or...

  4. 40 CFR 60.4231 - What emission standards must I meet if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines or equipment containing such... Stationary Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engines Emission Standards for Manufacturers § 60.4231 What emission standards must I meet if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines or...

  5. 40 CFR 60.4231 - What emission standards must I meet if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines or equipment containing such... Stationary Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engines Emission Standards for Manufacturers § 60.4231 What emission standards must I meet if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines or...

  6. 40 CFR 60.4231 - What emission standards must I meet if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines or equipment containing such... Stationary Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engines Emission Standards for Manufacturers § 60.4231 What emission standards must I meet if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines or...

  7. Productivity improvement through industrial engineering in the semiconductor industry

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Meyersdorf, Doron

    1996-09-01

    Industrial engineering is fairly new to the semiconductor industry, though the awareness to its importance has increased in recent years. The U.S. semiconductor industry in particular has come to the realization that in order to remain competitive in the global market it must take the lead not only in product development but also in manufacturing. Industrial engineering techniques offer one of the most effective strategies for achieving manufacturing excellence. Industrial engineers play an important role in the success of the manufacturing facility. This paper defines the industrial engineers role in the IC facility, sets the visions of excellence in semiconductor manufacturing and highlights 10 roadblocks on the journey towards manufacturing excellence.

  8. Virtual manufacturing work cell for engineering

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Watanabe, Hideo; Ohashi, Kazushi; Takahashi, Nobuyuki; Kato, Kiyotaka; Fujita, Satoru

    1997-12-01

    The life cycles of products have been getting shorter. To meet this rapid turnover, manufacturing systems must be frequently changed as well. In engineering to develop manufacturing systems, there are several tasks such as process planning, layout design, programming, and final testing using actual machines. This development of manufacturing systems takes a long time and is expensive. To aid the above engineering process, we have developed the virtual manufacturing workcell (VMW). This paper describes a concept of VMW and design method through computer aided manufacturing engineering using VMW (CAME-VMW) related to the above engineering tasks. The VMW has all design data, and realizes a behavior of equipment and devices using a simulator. The simulator has logical and physical functionality. The one simulates a sequence control and the other simulates motion control, shape movement in 3D space. The simulator can execute the same control software made for actual machines. Therefore we can verify the behavior precisely before the manufacturing workcell will be constructed. The VMW creates engineering work space for several engineers and offers debugging tools such as virtual equipment and virtual controllers. We applied this VMW to development of a transfer workcell for vaporization machine in actual manufacturing system to produce plasma display panel (PDP) workcell and confirmed its effectiveness.

  9. 40 CFR 94.209 - Special provisions for post-manufacture marinizers and small-volume manufacturers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...-manufacture marinizers and small-volume manufacturers. 94.209 Section 94.209 Protection of Environment... COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES Certification Provisions § 94.209 Special provisions for post-manufacture... demonstrate one of the following: (1) It is a post-manufacture marinizer and that the base engines used for...

  10. Single-crystal diamond refractive lens for focusing X-rays in two dimensions.

    PubMed

    Antipov, S; Baryshev, S V; Butler, J E; Antipova, O; Liu, Z; Stoupin, S

    2016-01-01

    The fabrication and performance evaluation of single-crystal diamond refractive X-ray lenses of which the surfaces are paraboloids of revolution for focusing X-rays in two dimensions simultaneously are reported. The lenses were manufactured using a femtosecond laser micromachining process and tested using X-ray synchrotron radiation. Such lenses were stacked together to form a standard compound refractive lens (CRL). Owing to the superior physical properties of the material, diamond CRLs could become indispensable wavefront-preserving primary focusing optics for X-ray free-electron lasers and the next-generation synchrotron storage rings. They can be used for highly efficient refocusing of the extremely bright X-ray sources for secondary optical schemes with limited aperture such as nanofocusing Fresnel zone plates and multilayer Laue lenses.

  11. Single-crystal diamond refractive lens for focusing X-rays in two dimensions

    PubMed Central

    Antipov, S.; Baryshev, S. V.; Butler, J. E.; Antipova, O.; Liu, Z.; Stoupin, S.

    2016-01-01

    The fabrication and performance evaluation of single-crystal diamond refractive X-ray lenses of which the surfaces are paraboloids of revolution for focusing X-rays in two dimensions simultaneously are reported. The lenses were manufactured using a femtosecond laser micromachining process and tested using X-ray synchrotron radiation. Such lenses were stacked together to form a standard compound refractive lens (CRL). Owing to the superior physical properties of the material, diamond CRLs could become indispensable wavefront-preserving primary focusing optics for X-ray free-electron lasers and the next-generation synchrotron storage rings. They can be used for highly efficient refocusing of the extremely bright X-ray sources for secondary optical schemes with limited aperture such as nanofocusing Fresnel zone plates and multilayer Laue lenses. PMID:26698059

  12. Single-crystal diamond refractive lens for focusing X-rays in two dimensions

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Antipov, S.; Baryshev, Sergey; Butler, J. E.

    2016-01-01

    The fabrication and performance evaluation of single-crystal diamond refractive X-ray lenses of which the surfaces are paraboloids of revolution for focusing X-rays in two dimensions simultaneously are reported. The lenses were manufactured using a femtosecond laser micromachining process and tested using X-ray synchrotron radiation. Such lenses were stacked together to form a standard compound refractive lens (CRL). Owing to the superior physical properties of the material, diamond CRLs could become indispensable wavefront-preserving primary focusing optics for X-ray free-electron lasers and the next-generation synchrotron storage rings. They can be used for highly efficient refocusing of the extremely bright X-ray sources formore » secondary optical schemes with limited aperture such as nanofocusing Fresnel zone plates and multilayer Laue lenses.« less

  13. Practical Education Support to Foster Engineers at Manufacturing and Engineering Design Center in Muroran Institute of Technology

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kazama, Toshiharu; Hanajima, Naohiko; Shimizu, Kazumichi; Satoh, Kohki

    To foster engineers with creative power, Muroran Institute of Technology established Manufacturing and Engineering Design Center (MEDeC) that concentrates on Monozukuri. MEDeC consists of three project groups : i) Education Support Group provides educational support for practical training classes on and off campus and PDCA (plan-do-check-action) -conscious engineering design education related to Monozukuri ; ii) Fundamental Manufacturing Research Group carries out nurture research into fundamental and innovative technology of machining and manufacturing, and iii) Regional Cooperation Group coordinates the activities in cooperation with bureau, schools and industries in and around Muroran City. MEDeC has a fully integrated collection of machine tools and hand tools for manufacturing, an atelier, a tatara workplace, implements for measurement and related equipment designed for practically teaching state-of-the-practice manufacturing methods.

  14. Refocusing-range and image-quality enhanced optical reconstruction of 3-D objects from integral images using a principal periodic δ-function array

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ai, Lingyu; Kim, Eun-Soo

    2018-03-01

    We propose a method for refocusing-range and image-quality enhanced optical reconstruction of three-dimensional (3-D) objects from integral images only by using a 3 × 3 periodic δ-function array (PDFA), which is called a principal PDFA (P-PDFA). By directly convolving the elemental image array (EIA) captured from 3-D objects with the P-PDFAs whose spatial periods correspond to each object's depth, a set of spatially-filtered EIAs (SF-EIAs) are extracted, and from which 3-D objects can be reconstructed to be refocused on their real depth. convolutional operations are performed directly on each of the minimum 3 × 3 EIs of the picked-up EIA, the capturing and refocused-depth ranges of 3-D objects can be greatly enhanced, as well as 3-D objects much improved in image quality can be reconstructed without any preprocessing operations. Through ray-optical analysis and optical experiments with actual 3-D objects, the feasibility of the proposed method has been confirmed.

  15. Super-resolved refocusing with a plenoptic camera

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhou, Zhiliang; Yuan, Yan; Bin, Xiangli; Qian, Lulu

    2011-03-01

    This paper presents an approach to enhance the resolution of refocused images by super resolution methods. In plenoptic imaging, we demonstrate that the raw sensor image can be divided to a number of low-resolution angular images with sub-pixel shifts between each other. The sub-pixel shift, which defines the super-resolving ability, is mathematically derived by considering the plenoptic camera as equivalent camera arrays. We implement simulation to demonstrate the imaging process of a plenoptic camera. A high-resolution image is then reconstructed using maximum a posteriori (MAP) super resolution algorithms. Without other degradation effects in simulation, the super resolved image achieves a resolution as high as predicted by the proposed model. We also build an experimental setup to acquire light fields. With traditional refocusing methods, the image is rendered at a rather low resolution. In contrast, we implement the super-resolved refocusing methods and recover an image with more spatial details. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, we finally compare the reconstructed images using image quality metrics like peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR).

  16. Verification of an improved computational design procedure for TWT-dynamic refocuser-MDC systems with secondary electron emission losses

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ramins, P.; Force, D. A.; Palmer, R. W.; Dayton, J. A., Jr.; Kosmahl, H. G.

    1986-01-01

    A computational procedure for the design of TWT-refocuser-MDC systems was used to design a short 'dynamic' refocusing system and highly efficient four-stage depressed collector for a 200-W 8-18-GHz TWT. The computations were carried out with advanced multidimensional computer programs which model the electron beam as a series of disks of charge and follow their trajectories from the RF input of the TWT, through the slow-wave structure and refocusing section, to their points of impact in the depressed collector. Secondary emission losses in the MDC were treated semiquantitatively by injecting a representative beam of secondary electrons into the MDC analysis at the point of impact of each primary beam. A comparison of computed and measured TWT and MDC performance showed very good agreement. The electrodes of the MDC were fabricated from a particular form of isotropic graphite that was selected for its low secondary electron yield, thermal expansion characteristics, ease of machinability and vacuum properties. This MDC was tested at CW for more than 1000 h with negligible degradation in TWT and MDC performances.

  17. Fully refocused multi-shot spatiotemporally encoded MRI: robust imaging in the presence of metallic implants.

    PubMed

    Ben-Eliezer, Noam; Solomon, Eddy; Harel, Elad; Nevo, Nava; Frydman, Lucio

    2012-12-01

    An approach has been recently introduced for acquiring arbitrary 2D NMR spectra or images in a single scan, based on the use of frequency-swept RF pulses for the sequential excitation and acquisition of the spins response. This spatiotemporal-encoding (SPEN) approach enables a unique, voxel-by-voxel refocusing of all frequency shifts in the sample, for all instants throughout the data acquisition. The present study investigates the use of this full-refocusing aspect of SPEN-based imaging in the multi-shot MRI of objects, subject to sizable field inhomogeneities that complicate conventional imaging approaches. 2D MRI experiments were performed at 7 T on phantoms and on mice in vivo, focusing on imaging in proximity to metallic objects. Fully refocused SPEN-based spin echo imaging sequences were implemented, using both Cartesian and back-projection trajectories, and compared with k-space encoded spin echo imaging schemes collected on identical samples under equal bandwidths and acquisition timing conditions. In all cases assayed, the fully refocused spatiotemporally encoded experiments evidenced a ca. 50 % reduction in signal dephasing in the proximity of the metal, as compared to analogous results stemming from the k-space encoded spin echo counterparts. The results in this study suggest that SPEN-based acquisition schemes carry the potential to overcome strong field inhomogeneities, of the kind that currently preclude high-field, high-resolution tissue characterizations in the neighborhood of metallic implants.

  18. Supporting recovery in patients with psychosis through care by community-based adult mental health teams (REFOCUS): a multisite, cluster, randomised, controlled trial.

    PubMed

    Slade, Mike; Bird, Victoria; Clarke, Eleanor; Le Boutillier, Clair; McCrone, Paul; Macpherson, Rob; Pesola, Francesca; Wallace, Genevieve; Williams, Julie; Leamy, Mary

    2015-06-01

    Mental health policy in many countries is oriented around recovery, but the evidence base for service-level recovery-promotion interventions is lacking. We did a cluster, randomised, controlled trial in two National Health Service Trusts in England. REFOCUS is a 1-year team-level intervention targeting staff behaviour to increase focus on values, preferences, strengths, and goals of patients with psychosis, and staff-patient relationships, through coaching and partnership. Between April, 2011, and May, 2012, community-based adult mental health teams were randomly allocated to provide usual treatment plus REFOCUS or usual treatment alone (control). Baseline and 1-year follow-up outcomes were assessed in randomly selected patients. The primary outcome was recovery and was assessed with the Questionnaire about Processes of Recovery (QPR). We also calculated overall service costs. We used multiple imputation to estimate missing data, and the imputation model captured clustering at the team level. Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered, number ISRCTN02507940. 14 teams were included in the REFOCUS group and 13 in the control group. Outcomes were assessed in 403 patients (88% of the target sample) at baseline and in 297 at 1 year. Mean QPR total scores did not differ between the two groups (REFOCUS group 40·6 [SD 10·1] vs control 40·0 [10·2], adjusted difference 0·68, 95% CI -1·7 to 3·1, p=0·58). High team participation was associated with higher staff-rated scores for recovery-promotion behaviour change (adjusted difference -0·4, 95% CI -0·7 to -0·2, p=0·001) and patient-rated QPR interpersonal scores (-1·6, -2·7 to -0·5, p=0·005) at follow-up than low participation. Patients treated in the REFOCUS group incurred £1062 (95% CI -1103 to 3017) lower adjusted costs than those in the control group. Although the primary endpoint was negative, supporting recovery might, from the staff perspective, improve functioning and reduce needs. Implementation of REFOCUS could increase staff recovery-promotion behaviours and improve patient-rated recovery. National Institute for Health Research. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  19. Ultrafocused Electromagnetic Field Pulses with a Hollow Cylindrical Waveguide

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Maurer, P.; Prat-Camps, J.; Cirac, J. I.; Hänsch, T. W.; Romero-Isart, O.

    2017-07-01

    We theoretically show that a dipole externally driven by a pulse with a lower-bounded temporal width, and placed inside a cylindrical hollow waveguide, can generate a train of arbitrarily short and focused electromagnetic pulses. The waveguide encloses vacuum with perfect electric conducting walls. A dipole driven by a single short pulse, which is properly engineered to exploit the linear spectral filtering of the cylindrical hollow waveguide, excites longitudinal waveguide modes that are coherently refocused at some particular instances of time, thereby producing arbitrarily short and focused electromagnetic pulses. We numerically show that such ultrafocused pulses persist outside the cylindrical waveguide at distances comparable to its radius.

  20. 40 CFR 91.1006 - Manufacturer-owned exemption and precertification exemption.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM MARINE SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES Exclusion and Exemption of Marine SI Engines § 91.1006 Manufacturer-owned exemption and precertification exemption. (a... “Emission Control Information;” (B) Full corporate name and trademark of manufacturer; (C) Engine...

  1. The Freedom Schools, the Civil Rights Movement, and Refocusing the Goals of American Education

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hale, Jon N.

    2011-01-01

    This article examines the history of the 1964 Mississippi Freedom Schools to illustrate how integrating the Civil Rights Movement into the social studies curriculum refocuses the aims of American education on participatory democracy. Teaching the Civil Rights Movement and employing the teaching strategies used in the Freedom Schools leads to the…

  2. Off-axis full-field swept-source optical coherence tomography using holographic refocusing

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hillmann, Dierck; Franke, Gesa; Hinkel, Laura; Bonin, Tim; Koch, Peter; Hüttmann, Gereon

    2013-03-01

    We demonstrate a full-field swept-source OCT using an off-axis geometry of the reference illumination. By using holographic refocusing techniques, a uniform lateral resolution is achieved over the measurement depth of approximately 80 Rayleigh lengths. Compared to a standard on-axis setup, artifacts and autocorrelation signals are suppressed and the measurement depth is doubled by resolving the complex conjugate ambiguity. Holographic refocusing was done efficiently by Fourier-domain resampling as demonstrated before in inverse scattering and holoscopy. It allowed to reconstruct a complete volume with about 10μm resolution over the complete measurement depth of more than 10mm. Off-axis full-field swept-source OCT enables high measurement depths, spanning many Rayleigh lengths with reduced artifacts.

  3. 40 CFR 1039.625 - What requirements apply under the program for equipment-manufacturer flexibility?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... is manufactured. (4) An e-mail address and phone number to contact for further information, or a Web... secondary engine manufacturers. (l) [Reserved] (m) Additional exemptions for technical or engineering... avoided with reasonable discretion have resulted in technical or engineering problems that prevent you...

  4. 40 CFR 1039.625 - What requirements apply under the program for equipment-manufacturer flexibility?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... NONROAD COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES Special Compliance Provisions § 1039.625 What requirements apply... manufacturers to produce equipment with engines that are subject to less stringent emission standards after the... such equipment without manufacturing it. Engines and equipment you produce under this section are...

  5. 40 CFR 1039.625 - What requirements apply under the program for equipment-manufacturer flexibility?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... NONROAD COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES Special Compliance Provisions § 1039.625 What requirements apply... manufacturers to produce equipment with engines that are subject to less stringent emission standards after the... such equipment without manufacturing it. Engines and equipment you produce under this section are...

  6. Implementation of Effective Capstone Projects in Undergraduate Manufacturing Design Engineering Program

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Viswanathan, Shekar

    2017-01-01

    Final program projects (capstone course) in manufacturing design engineering technology at National University are intensive experiences in critical thinking and analysis, designed to broaden students' perspectives and provide an opportunity for integration of coursework in the area of manufacturing design engineering. This paper focuses on three…

  7. 14 CFR 21.128 - Tests: aircraft engines.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Tests: aircraft engines. 21.128 Section 21... engines. (a) Each person manufacturing aircraft engines under a type certificate must subject each engine (except rocket engines for which the manufacturer must establish a sampling technique) to an acceptable...

  8. 1996 Heavy-Duty Vehicle and Engine Resource Guide

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1996-01-01

    Engine manufacturers are moving forward when it comes to alternative fuel engine technology. This model year (MY96), heavy-duty engine manufacturers are offering a number of natural gas models with additional models nearing production. Electric vehic...

  9. Small Engine Manufacturing in Wisconsin: Work Reorganization and Training Needs.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Center on Wisconsin Strategy.

    Wisconsin is the country's leading manufacturer of small engines, and the network of companies and suppliers constituting the small engine industry accounts for more than 5% of the state's entire manufacturing base. For the past 15 years, the industry has been rocked by intensified international competition and rapid technological advancement. A…

  10. Verification of computer-aided designs of traveling-wave tubes utilizing novel dynamic refocusers and graphite electrodes for the multistage depressed collector

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ramins, P.; Kosmahl, H. G.; Force, D. A.; Palmer, R. W.; Dayton, J. A., Jr.

    1985-01-01

    A computational procedure for the design of TWT-refocuser-MDC systems was used to design a short dynamic refocusing system and highly efficient four-stage depressed collector for a 200-W, 8- to 18-GHz, TWT. The computations were carried out with advanced, multidimensional computer programs which model the electron beam as a series of disks of charge and follow their trajectories from the RF input of the TWT, through the slow-wave structure and refocusing section, to their points of impact in the depressed collector. Secondary emission losses in the MDC were treated semi-quantitatively by injecting a representative beam of secondary electrons into the MDC analysis at the point of impact of each primary beam. A comparison of computed and measured TWT and MDC performance showed very good agreement. The electrodes of the MDC were fabricated from a particular form of isotropic graphite that was selected for its low secondary electron yield, ease of machinability, and vacuum properties. This MDC was tested (at CW) for more than 1000 hr with negligible degradation in TWT and MDC performances.

  11. Manufacturing Cell Therapies Using Engineered Biomaterials.

    PubMed

    Abdeen, Amr A; Saha, Krishanu

    2017-10-01

    Emerging manufacturing processes to generate regenerative advanced therapies can involve extensive genomic and/or epigenomic manipulation of autologous or allogeneic cells. These cell engineering processes need to be carefully controlled and standardized to maximize safety and efficacy in clinical trials. Engineered biomaterials with smart and tunable properties offer an intriguing tool to provide or deliver cues to retain stemness, direct differentiation, promote reprogramming, manipulate the genome, or select functional phenotypes. This review discusses the use of engineered biomaterials to control human cell manufacturing. Future work exploiting engineered biomaterials has the potential to generate manufacturing processes that produce standardized cells with well-defined critical quality attributes appropriate for clinical testing. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  12. Work Measurements: Interdisciplinary Overlap in Manufacturing and Algebra I

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rose, Mary Annette

    2007-01-01

    Manufacturing engineering provides a relevant context from which to envision interdisciplinary learning experiences because engineers integrate their knowledge and skills of manufacturing and algebra processes in order to plan the efficient manufacture of products. In this article, the author describes an interdisciplinary learning activity that…

  13. 78 FR 58153 - Prevailing Rate Systems; North American Industry Classification System Based Federal Wage System...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-23

    ... engine and engine parts manufacturing,'' ``Motor vehicle electrical and electronic equipment... manufacturing,'' ``Other motor vehicle electrical and electronic equipment manufacturing,'' and ``All other motor vehicle parts manufacturing'' in the second column from the list of required NAICS codes for the...

  14. Phase 1 Development Testing of the Advanced Manufacturing Demonstrator Engine

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Case, Nicholas L.; Eddleman, David E.; Calvert, Marty R.; Bullard, David B.; Martin, Michael A.; Wall, Thomas R.

    2016-01-01

    The Additive Manufacturing Development Breadboard Engine (BBE) is a pressure-fed liquid oxygen/pump-fed liquid hydrogen (LOX/LH2) expander cycle engine that was built and operated by NASA at Marshall Space Flight Center's East Test Area. The breadboard engine was conceived as a technology demonstrator for the additive manufacturing technologies for an advanced upper stage prototype engine. The components tested on the breadboard engine included an ablative chamber, injector, main fuel valve, turbine bypass valve, a main oxidizer valve, a mixer and the fuel turbopump. All parts minus the ablative chamber were additively manufactured. The BBE was successfully hot fire tested seven times. Data collected from the test series will be used for follow on demonstration tests with a liquid oxygen turbopump and a regeneratively cooled chamber and nozzle.

  15. 40 CFR 1054.635 - What special provisions apply for small-volume engine and equipment manufacturers?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... special provisions in this part for small-volume engine and equipment manufacturers. (a) If you qualify... qualify under paragraph (1) or (2) of the definition of small-volume engine manufacturer or under...) Additional lead time and other provisions related to the transition to new emission standards. See § 1054.145...

  16. 40 CFR 1054.635 - What special provisions apply for small-volume engine and equipment manufacturers?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Administration at 13 CFR 121.201) that manufactures nonroad spark-ignition engines or equipment, but you do not... began manufacturing engines before, during, or after 2007. We may set other reasonable conditions that... deterioration factors. See § 1054.240. (4) Waived requirements for production-line testing. See § 1054.301. (5...

  17. REFOCUS Trial: protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial of a pro-recovery intervention within community based mental health teams.

    PubMed

    Slade, Mike; Bird, Victoria; Le Boutillier, Clair; Williams, Julie; McCrone, Paul; Leamy, Mary

    2011-11-23

    There is a consensus about the importance of 'recovery' in mental health services, but the evidence base is limited. A two centre, cluster randomised controlled trial. Participants are community-based mental health teams, and service users aged 18-65 years with a primary clinical diagnosis of psychosis. In relation to the REFOCUS Manual researchintorecovery.com/refocus, which describes a 12-month, pro-recovery intervention based on the REFOCUS Model, the objectives are: (1) To establish the effectiveness of the intervention described in the REFOCUS Manual; (2) To validate the REFOCUS Model; (3) To establish and optimise trial parameters for the REFOCUS Manual; and (4) To understand the relationship between clinical outcomes and recovery outcomes. The hypothesis for the main study is that service users in the intervention arm will experience significantly greater increases in measures of personal recovery (as measured by the QPR) compared to service users receiving care from control teams. The hypothesis for the secondary study is that black service users in the intervention arm will experience significantly greater increases in measures of personal recovery (as measured by the QPR) and client satisfaction (as measured by the CSQ) compared to Black service users receiving care from control teams. The intervention comprises treatment as usual plus two components: recovery-promoting relationships and working practices. The control condition is treatment as usual. The primary outcme is the Process of Recovery Questionnaire (QPR). Secondary outcomes are satisfaction, Goal setting - Personal Primary Outcome, hope, well-being, empowerment, and quality of life. Primary outcomes for the secondary study will be QPR and satisfaction. Cost data will be estimated, and clinical outcomes will also be reported (symptomatology, need, social disability, functioning). 29 teams (15 intervention and 14 control) will be randomised. Within each team, 15 services users will be randomly chosen, giving a total sample of 435 service users (225 in intervention and 210 in control). Power for the main study: 336 service users will give power to detect a medium effect size of 0.4 (alpha 0.05, power = 0.8) on both QPR sub-scales. Power for the secondary study: 89 participants will give power to detect an effect size of 0.67 on both QPR sub-scales and on CSQ. A range of approaches are used to minimise bias, although service users and clinicians cannot be blinded. This cluster-RCT will evaluate a pro-recovery intervention in community mental health teams. ISRCTN: ISRCTN02507940.

  18. REFOCUS Trial: protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial of a pro-recovery intervention within community based mental health teams

    PubMed Central

    2011-01-01

    Background There is a consensus about the importance of 'recovery' in mental health services, but the evidence base is limited. Methods/Design A two centre, cluster randomised controlled trial. Participants are community-based mental health teams, and service users aged 18-65 years with a primary clinical diagnosis of psychosis. In relation to the REFOCUS Manual researchintorecovery.com/refocus, which describes a 12-month, pro-recovery intervention based on the REFOCUS Model, the objectives are: (1) To establish the effectiveness of the intervention described in the REFOCUS Manual; (2) To validate the REFOCUS Model; (3) To establish and optimise trial parameters for the REFOCUS Manual; and (4) To understand the relationship between clinical outcomes and recovery outcomes. The hypothesis for the main study is that service users in the intervention arm will experience significantly greater increases in measures of personal recovery (as measured by the QPR) compared to service users receiving care from control teams. The hypothesis for the secondary study is that black service users in the intervention arm will experience significantly greater increases in measures of personal recovery (as measured by the QPR) and client satisfaction (as measured by the CSQ) compared to Black service users receiving care from control teams. The intervention comprises treatment as usual plus two components: recovery-promoting relationships and working practices. The control condition is treatment as usual. The primary outcme is the Process of Recovery Questionnaire (QPR). Secondary outcomes are satisfaction, Goal setting - Personal Primary Outcome, hope, well-being, empowerment, and quality of life. Primary outcomes for the secondary study will be QPR and satisfaction. Cost data will be estimated, and clinical outcomes will also be reported (symptomatology, need, social disability, functioning). 29 teams (15 intervention and 14 control) will be randomised. Within each team, 15 services users will be randomly chosen, giving a total sample of 435 service users (225 in intervention and 210 in control). Power for the main study: 336 service users will give power to detect a medium effect size of 0.4 (alpha 0.05, power = 0.8) on both QPR sub-scales. Power for the secondary study: 89 participants will give power to detect an effect size of 0.67 on both QPR sub-scales and on CSQ. A range of approaches are used to minimise bias, although service users and clinicians cannot be blinded. Discussion This cluster-RCT will evaluate a pro-recovery intervention in community mental health teams. Trial registration ISRCTN: ISRCTN02507940 PMID:22112008

  19. Enhancing Small-Business Opportunities in the DoD

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-01-01

    to the DoD is below the small-business share of all industry sales. In some industries , including aircraft manufacturing and engineer - ing services...for goods not included in the Aircraft Manufacturing category as well as those not in another industry category for aircraft engine and engine parts...Purchases, % Small-Business Share of Industry , %, 20022007 2002 Aircraft Manufacturing 2.3 1.8 8.7 Engineering Services 13.6 16.9 20.3 R&D in the

  20. DIC-CAM recipe for reverse engineering

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Romero-Carrillo, P.; Lopez-Alba, E.; Dorado, R.; Diaz-Garrido, F. A.

    2012-04-01

    Reverse engineering (RE) tries to model and manufacture an object from measurements one of a reference object. Modern optical measurement systems and computer aided engineering software have improved reverse engineering procedures. We detail the main RE steps from 3D digitalization by Digital Image Correlation to manufacturing. The previous description is complemented with an application example, which portrays the performance of RE. The differences between original and manufactured objects are less than 2 mm (close to the tool radius).

  1. Expo IGNITES Interest in Manufacturing Careers

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wilhelm, Karen

    2009-01-01

    On a pleasant September day, 400 high school students and 40 teachers converged on the Careers in Technology, Engineering, and Manufacturing Day at the IGNITE manufacturing industry trade show, held in Grand Rapids, Michigan, and sponsored by the Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME). These weren't students getting out of school for a day to go…

  2. Life-Cycle Inventory of Manufacturing Prefinished Engineered Wood Flooring in the Eastern United States

    Treesearch

    Richard D. Bergman; Scott A. Bowe

    2010-01-01

    Building products have come under increased scrutiny because of environmental impacts from their manufacturing. However, environmental impacts of manufacturing some wood products—such as prefinished engineered wood flooring—have not been determined. This study examined prefinished engineered wood flooring in the eastern United States following the life-cycle inventory...

  3. 40 CFR 94.505 - Sample selection for testing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... engine family. The required sample size is zero if a manufacturer's projected annual production for all Category 1 engine families is less than 100. (ii) The required sample size for a Category 2 engine family... manufacturer will begin to select engines from each Category 1 and Category 2 engine family for production line...

  4. 40 CFR 1054.145 - Are there interim provisions that apply only for a limited time?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ...-IGNITION ENGINES AND EQUIPMENT Emission Standards and Related Requirements § 1054.145 Are there interim... Phase 3 implementation for engine manufacturers. Small-volume engine manufacturers may delay complying... II engines and until 2014 for Class I engines. The running loss standards in § 1054.112 also do not...

  5. Automotive Stirling Engine Development Program

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Nightingale, N.; Ernst, W.; Richey, A.; Simetkosky, M.; Antonelli, M. (Editor)

    1982-01-01

    Activities performed on Mod I engine testing and test results; the manufacture, assembly, and test of a Mod I engine in the United States; design initiation of the Mod I-A engine system; transient performance testing; Stirling reference engine manufacturing and reduced size studies; components and subsystems; and the study and test of low cost alloys are summarized.

  6. Automotive Stirling engine development program

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ernst, W.; Piller, S.; Richey, A.; Simetkosky, M.; Antonelli, M. (Editor)

    1982-01-01

    Activities performed on Mod I engine testing and test results, progress in manufacturing, assembling and testing of a Mod I engine in the United States, P40 Stirling engine dynamometer and multifuels testing, analog/digital controls system testing, Stirling reference engine manufacturing and reduced size studies, components and subsystems, and computer code development are summarized.

  7. Multimedia Image Technology and Computer Aided Manufacturing Engineering Analysis

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nan, Song

    2018-03-01

    Since the reform and opening up, with the continuous development of science and technology in China, more and more advanced science and technology have emerged under the trend of diversification. Multimedia imaging technology, for example, has a significant and positive impact on computer aided manufacturing engineering in China. From the perspective of scientific and technological advancement and development, the multimedia image technology has a very positive influence on the application and development of computer-aided manufacturing engineering, whether in function or function play. Therefore, this paper mainly starts from the concept of multimedia image technology to analyze the application of multimedia image technology in computer aided manufacturing engineering.

  8. Refocusing from a plenoptic camera within seconds on a mobile phone

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gómez-Cárdenes, Ã.`scar; Marichal-Hernández, José G.; Rosa, Fernando L.; Lüke, Jonas P.; Fernández-Valdivia, Juan José; Rodríguez-Ramos, José M.

    2014-05-01

    Refocusing a plenoptic image by digital means and after the exposure has been thoroughly studied in the last years, but few efforts have been made in the direction of real time implementation in a constrained environment such as that provided by current mobile phones and tablets. In this work we address the aforementioned challenge demonstrating that a complete focal stack, comprising 31 refocused planes from a (256ff16)2 plenoptic image, can be achieved within seconds by a current SoC mobile phone platform. The election of an appropriate algorithm is the key to success. In a previous work we developed an algorithm, the fast approximate 4D:3D discrete Radon transform, that performs this task with linear time complexity where others obtain quadratic or linearithmic time complexity. Moreover, that algorithm does not requires complex number transforms, trigonometric calculus nor even multiplications nor oat numbers. Our algorithm has been ported to a multi core ARM chip on an off-the-shelf tablet running Android. A careful implementation exploiting parallelism at several levels has been necessary. The final implementation takes advantage of multi-threading in native code and NEON SIMD instructions. As a result our current implementation completes the refocusing task within seconds for a 16 megapixels image, much faster than previous attempts running on powerful PC platforms or dedicated hardware. The times consumed by the different stages of the digital refocusing are given and the strategies to achieve this result are discussed. Time results are given for a variety of environments within Android ecosystem, from the weaker/cheaper SoCs to the top of the line for 2013.

  9. Job Prospects for Manufacturing Engineers.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Basta, Nicholas

    1985-01-01

    Coming from a variety of disciplines, manufacturing engineers are keys to industry's efforts to modernize, with demand exceeding supply. The newest and fastest-growing areas include machine vision, composite materials, and manufacturing automation protocols, each of which is briefly discussed. (JN)

  10. 40 CFR 1068.5 - How must manufacturers apply good engineering judgment?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... engineering judgment? 1068.5 Section 1068.5 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... PROGRAMS Applicability and Miscellaneous Provisions § 1068.5 How must manufacturers apply good engineering judgment? (a) You must use good engineering judgment for decisions related to any requirements under this...

  11. 40 CFR 59.603 - How must manufacturers apply good engineering judgment?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... engineering judgment? 59.603 Section 59.603 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... and Applicability § 59.603 How must manufacturers apply good engineering judgment? (a) In addition to other requirements and prohibitions set forth in this subpart, you must use good engineering judgment...

  12. 40 CFR 59.603 - How must manufacturers apply good engineering judgment?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... engineering judgment? 59.603 Section 59.603 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... and Applicability § 59.603 How must manufacturers apply good engineering judgment? (a) In addition to other requirements and prohibitions set forth in this subpart, you must use good engineering judgment...

  13. 40 CFR 1068.5 - How must manufacturers apply good engineering judgment?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... engineering judgment? 1068.5 Section 1068.5 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... PROGRAMS Applicability and Miscellaneous Provisions § 1068.5 How must manufacturers apply good engineering judgment? (a) You must use good engineering judgment for decisions related to any requirements under this...

  14. 40 CFR 59.603 - How must manufacturers apply good engineering judgment?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... engineering judgment? 59.603 Section 59.603 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... and Applicability § 59.603 How must manufacturers apply good engineering judgment? (a) In addition to other requirements and prohibitions set forth in this subpart, you must use good engineering judgment...

  15. 40 CFR 1068.5 - How must manufacturers apply good engineering judgment?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... engineering judgment? 1068.5 Section 1068.5 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... PROGRAMS Applicability and Miscellaneous Provisions § 1068.5 How must manufacturers apply good engineering judgment? (a) You must use good engineering judgment for decisions related to any requirements under this...

  16. 40 CFR 59.603 - How must manufacturers apply good engineering judgment?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... engineering judgment? 59.603 Section 59.603 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... and Applicability § 59.603 How must manufacturers apply good engineering judgment? (a) In addition to other requirements and prohibitions set forth in this subpart, you must use good engineering judgment...

  17. 40 CFR 1068.5 - How must manufacturers apply good engineering judgment?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... engineering judgment? 1068.5 Section 1068.5 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Miscellaneous Provisions § 1068.5 How must manufacturers apply good engineering judgment? (a) You must use good engineering judgment for decisions related to any requirements under this chapter. This includes your...

  18. 40 CFR 59.603 - How must manufacturers apply good engineering judgment?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... engineering judgment? 59.603 Section 59.603 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... and Applicability § 59.603 How must manufacturers apply good engineering judgment? (a) In addition to other requirements and prohibitions set forth in this subpart, you must use good engineering judgment...

  19. 40 CFR 1068.5 - How must manufacturers apply good engineering judgment?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... engineering judgment? 1068.5 Section 1068.5 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Miscellaneous Provisions § 1068.5 How must manufacturers apply good engineering judgment? (a) You must use good engineering judgment for decisions related to any requirements under this chapter. This includes your...

  20. Life cycle inventory of manufacturing prefinished engineered wood flooring in eastern U.S. with comparison to solid strip wood flooring

    Treesearch

    Richard D. Bergman; Scott A. Bowe

    2011-01-01

    Building products have come under increased scrutiny because of environmental impacts from their manufacture. Our study followed the life cycle inventory approach for prefinished engineered wood flooring in the eastern US and compared the results with those of solid strip wood flooring. Our study surveyed five engineered wood flooring manufacturers in the eastern US....

  1. 40 CFR 60.4239 - What are my compliance requirements if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines >19 KW (25 HP) that use gasoline or... NEW STATIONARY SOURCES Standards of Performance for Stationary Spark Ignition Internal Combustion... manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines >19 KW (25 HP) that use gasoline or a manufacturer of...

  2. Bionic Manufacturing: Towards Cyborg Cells and Sentient Microbots.

    PubMed

    Srivastava, Sarvesh Kumar; Yadav, Vikramaditya G

    2018-05-01

    Bio-inspired engineering applies biological design principles towards developing engineering solutions but is not practical as a manufacturing paradigm. We advocate 'bionic manufacturing', a synergistic fusion of biotic and abiotic components, to transition away from bio-inspiration toward bio-augmentation to address current limitations in bio-inspired manufacturing. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  3. 40 CFR 86.1901 - What testing requirements apply to my engines that have gone into service?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... VEHICLES AND ENGINES Manufacturer-Run In-Use Testing Program for Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines § 86.1901 What testing requirements apply to my engines that have gone into service? (a) If you manufacture diesel heavy... engines that have gone into service? 86.1901 Section 86.1901 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL...

  4. 75 FR 29605 - Clean Alternative Fuel Vehicle and Engine Conversions

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-26

    ... Small Volume Manufacturers and Small Volume Test Groups 1. Definition of Small Volume Manufacturers, Small Volume Test Groups, and Small Volume Engine Families a. Light-Duty and Heavy-Duty Complete... and Engines 2. Test Groups, Engine Families, and Evaporative Families a. Test Groups for Light-Duty...

  5. 40 CFR 89.118 - Deterioration factors and service accumulation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ..., subsystems, or components selected by the manufacturer under § 89.117(d). The manufacturer shall describe the... must be based on good engineering judgment. (iii) Engineering analysis for established technologies. (A) In the case where an engine family uses established technology, an analysis based on good engineering...

  6. 40 CFR 89.118 - Deterioration factors and service accumulation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ..., subsystems, or components selected by the manufacturer under § 89.117(d). The manufacturer shall describe the... must be based on good engineering judgment. (iii) Engineering analysis for established technologies. (A) In the case where an engine family uses established technology, an analysis based on good engineering...

  7. 40 CFR 89.118 - Deterioration factors and service accumulation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ..., subsystems, or components selected by the manufacturer under § 89.117(d). The manufacturer shall describe the... must be based on good engineering judgment. (iii) Engineering analysis for established technologies. (A) In the case where an engine family uses established technology, an analysis based on good engineering...

  8. 40 CFR 89.118 - Deterioration factors and service accumulation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ..., subsystems, or components selected by the manufacturer under § 89.117(d). The manufacturer shall describe the... must be based on good engineering judgment. (iii) Engineering analysis for established technologies. (A) In the case where an engine family uses established technology, an analysis based on good engineering...

  9. 40 CFR 89.118 - Deterioration factors and service accumulation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., subsystems, or components selected by the manufacturer under § 89.117(d). The manufacturer shall describe the... must be based on good engineering judgment. (iii) Engineering analysis for established technologies. (A) In the case where an engine family uses established technology, an analysis based on good engineering...

  10. Best Manufacturing Practices: Report of Survey Conducted at Texas Instruments Defense Systems and Electronics Group, Dallas, Texas

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1988-06-01

    Washington, DC Richard Celin Naval Air Engineering Center (201) 323-2173 Lakehurst, NJ Alice Giampapa TRIAD Engineering Co., Inc. Administrative (609) 939...7 3.1 DESIGN DESIGN PROCESS Producibility Engineering ........................................................ 7 Producibility Advisor... Engineers in Manufacturing Processes ........................... 21 Method Improvement Report Program

  11. A Fully Non-Metallic Gas Turbine Engine Enabled by Additive Manufacturing

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Grady, Joseph E.

    2015-01-01

    The Non-Metallic Gas Turbine Engine project, funded by NASA Aeronautics Research Institute, represents the first comprehensive evaluation of emerging materials and manufacturing technologies that will enable fully nonmetallic gas turbine engines. This will be achieved by assessing the feasibility of using additive manufacturing technologies to fabricate polymer matrix composite and ceramic matrix composite turbine engine components. The benefits include: 50 weight reduction compared to metallic parts, reduced manufacturing costs, reduced part count and rapid design iterations. Two high payoff metallic components have been identified for replacement with PMCs and will be fabricated using fused deposition modeling (FDM) with high temperature polymer filaments. The CMC effort uses a binder jet process to fabricate silicon carbide test coupons and demonstration articles. Microstructural analysis and mechanical testing will be conducted on the PMC and CMC materials. System studies will assess the benefits of fully nonmetallic gas turbine engine in terms of fuel burn, emissions, reduction of part count, and cost. The research project includes a multidisciplinary, multiorganization NASA - industry team that includes experts in ceramic materials and CMCs, polymers and PMCs, structural engineering, additive manufacturing, engine design and analysis, and system analysis.

  12. Determination of Tasks Required by Graduates of Manufacturing Engineering Technology Programs.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Zirbel, Jay H.

    1993-01-01

    A Delphi panel of 14 experts identified 37 tasks performed by/qualities needed by manufacturing engineering technologists. Most important were work ethic, performance quality, communication skills, teamwork, computer applications, manufacturing basics, materials knowledge, troubleshooting, supervision, and global issues. (SK)

  13. Advanced Engineering Environments: Implications for Aerospace Manufacturing

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Thomas, D.

    2001-01-01

    There are significant challenges facing today's aerospace industry. Global competition, more complex products, geographically-distributed design teams, demands for lower cost, higher reliability and safer vehicles, and the need to incorporate the latest technologies quicker all face the developer of aerospace systems. New information technologies offer promising opportunities to develop advanced engineering environments (AEEs) to meet these challenges. Significant advances in the state-of-the-art of aerospace engineering practice are envisioned in the areas of engineering design and analytical tools, cost and risk tools, collaborative engineering, and high-fidelity simulations early in the development cycle. These advances will enable modeling and simulation of manufacturing methods, which will in turn allow manufacturing considerations to be included much earlier in the system development cycle. Significant cost savings, increased quality, and decreased manufacturing cycle time are expected to result. This paper will give an overview of the NASA's Intelligent Synthesis Environment, the agency initiative to develop an AEE, with a focus on the anticipated benefits in aerospace manufacturing.

  14. Simulation Environment Synchronizing Real Equipment for Manufacturing Cell

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Inukai, Toshihiro; Hibino, Hironori; Fukuda, Yoshiro

    Recently, manufacturing industries face various problems such as shorter product life cycle, more diversified customer needs. In this situation, it is very important to reduce lead-time of manufacturing system constructions. At the manufacturing system implementation stage, it is important to make and evaluate facility control programs for a manufacturing cell, such as ladder programs for programmable logical controllers (PLCs) rapidly. However, before the manufacturing systems are implemented, methods to evaluate the facility control programs for the equipment while mixing and synchronizing real equipment and virtual factory models on the computers have not been developed. This difficulty is caused by the complexity of the manufacturing system composed of a great variety of equipment, and stopped precise and rapid support of a manufacturing engineering process. In this paper, a manufacturing engineering environment (MEE) to support manufacturing engineering processes using simulation technologies is proposed. MEE consists of a manufacturing cell simulation environment (MCSE) and a distributed simulation environment (DSE). MCSE, which consists of a manufacturing cell simulator and a soft-wiring system, is emphatically proposed in detail. MCSE realizes making and evaluating facility control programs by using virtual factory models on computers before manufacturing systems are implemented.

  15. Using Innovative Technologies for Manufacturing Rocket Engine Hardware

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Betts, E. M.; Eddleman, D. E.; Reynolds, D. C.; Hardin, N. A.

    2011-01-01

    Many of the manufacturing techniques that are currently used for rocket engine component production are traditional methods that have been proven through years of experience and historical precedence. As the United States enters into the next space age where new launch vehicles are being designed and propulsion systems are being improved upon, it is sometimes necessary to adopt innovative techniques for manufacturing hardware. With a heavy emphasis on cost reduction and improvements in manufacturing time, rapid manufacturing techniques such as Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) are being adopted and evaluated for their use on NASA s Space Launch System (SLS) upper stage engine, J-2X, with hopes of employing this technology on a wide variety of future projects. DMLS has the potential to significantly reduce the processing time and cost of engine hardware, while achieving desirable material properties by using a layered powder metal manufacturing process in order to produce complex part geometries. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) has recently hot-fire tested a J-2X gas generator (GG) discharge duct that was manufactured using DMLS. The duct was inspected and proof tested prior to the hot-fire test. Using a workhorse gas generator (WHGG) test fixture at MSFC's East Test Area, the duct was subjected to extreme J-2X hot gas environments during 7 tests for a total of 537 seconds of hot-fire time. The duct underwent extensive post-test evaluation and showed no signs of degradation. DMLS manufacturing has proven to be a viable option for manufacturing rocket engine hardware, and further development and use of this manufacturing method is recommended.

  16. Joint Land Attack Cruise Missile Defense Elevated Netted Sensor System Not Ready for Production Decision (REDACTED)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-09-07

    Average Procurement Unit Cost CMDS Cruise Missile Defense Systems CPD Capability Production Document EMD Engineering and Manufacturing...Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics also determined that continuing test and evaluation of the two JLENS Engineering and Manufacturing...Program (Category ID) that was established in January 1996 and, during the audit, was in the Engineering and Manufacturing Development (EMD) phase of

  17. 40 CFR 1048.615 - What are the provisions for exempting engines designed for lawn and garden applications?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... certificate of conformity showing that it meets emission standards for Class II engines under 40 CFR part 90... requirements and restrictions of 40 CFR part 90 or 1054 apply to anyone manufacturing these engines, anyone manufacturing equipment that uses these engines, and all other persons in the same manner as if these engines...

  18. Using Innovative Technologies for Manufacturing and Evaluating Rocket Engine Hardware

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Betts, Erin M.; Hardin, Andy

    2011-01-01

    Many of the manufacturing and evaluation techniques that are currently used for rocket engine component production are traditional methods that have been proven through years of experience and historical precedence. As we enter into a new space age where new launch vehicles are being designed and propulsion systems are being improved upon, it is sometimes necessary to adopt new and innovative techniques for manufacturing and evaluating hardware. With a heavy emphasis on cost reduction and improvements in manufacturing time, manufacturing techniques such as Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) and white light scanning are being adopted and evaluated for their use on J-2X, with hopes of employing both technologies on a wide variety of future projects. DMLS has the potential to significantly reduce the processing time and cost of engine hardware, while achieving desirable material properties by using a layered powdered metal manufacturing process in order to produce complex part geometries. The white light technique is a non-invasive method that can be used to inspect for geometric feature alignment. Both the DMLS manufacturing method and the white light scanning technique have proven to be viable options for manufacturing and evaluating rocket engine hardware, and further development and use of these techniques is recommended.

  19. Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering | Classification | College of

    Science.gov Websites

    Engineering(414)229-6597msahmed@uwm.eduEng & Math Sciences EMS W383 profile photo Dr. Onur AsanAdjunct Assistant ProfessorIndustrial & Manufacturing Engineeringoasan@mcw.eduEng & Math Sciences profile ChandlerAdjunct InstructorIndustrial & Manufacturing Engineeringchandlec@uwm.eduEng & Math Sciences

  20. 75 FR 5147 - Global Engine Manufacturing Alliance a Subsidiary of the Chrysler Group LLC Including On-Site...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-01

    ... engaged in the production of 4-cylinder engines for automobiles. The company reports that on-site leased... DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Employment and Training Administration [TA-W-71,581] Global Engine... Adjustment Assistance on September 22, 2009, applicable to workers of Global Engine Manufacturing Alliance, a...

  1. Assessment of Knowledge and Skills Needed in Selected Engineering Technician Fields: Mechanical/Manufacturing/Industrial.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gourley, Frank A., Jr.

    A study identified the essential educational topics and the level of proficiency perceived to be required in these topics for selected two-year engineering technology programs in North Carolina. The four curricula studied were mechanical engineering technology, mechanical drafting and design technology, manufacturing engineering technology, and…

  2. 40 CFR 60.4230 - Am I subject to this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... spark ignition (SI) internal combustion engines (ICE) as specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (5) of... engine is ordered by the owner or operator. (1) Manufacturers of stationary SI ICE with a maximum engine... 1, 2008. (2) Manufacturers of stationary SI ICE with a maximum engine power greater than 19 KW (25...

  3. 40 CFR 60.4230 - Am I subject to this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... spark ignition (SI) internal combustion engines (ICE) as specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (6) of... engine is ordered by the owner or operator. (1) Manufacturers of stationary SI ICE with a maximum engine... 1, 2008. (2) Manufacturers of stationary SI ICE with a maximum engine power greater than 19 KW (25...

  4. 40 CFR 60.4230 - Am I subject to this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... spark ignition (SI) internal combustion engines (ICE) as specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (6) of... engine is ordered by the owner or operator. (1) Manufacturers of stationary SI ICE with a maximum engine... 1, 2008. (2) Manufacturers of stationary SI ICE with a maximum engine power greater than 19 KW (25...

  5. 40 CFR 60.4230 - Am I subject to this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... spark ignition (SI) internal combustion engines (ICE) as specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (5) of... engine is ordered by the owner or operator. (1) Manufacturers of stationary SI ICE with a maximum engine... 1, 2008. (2) Manufacturers of stationary SI ICE with a maximum engine power greater than 19 KW (25...

  6. 40 CFR 60.4230 - Am I subject to this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... spark ignition (SI) internal combustion engines (ICE) as specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (6) of... engine is ordered by the owner or operator. (1) Manufacturers of stationary SI ICE with a maximum engine... 1, 2008. (2) Manufacturers of stationary SI ICE with a maximum engine power greater than 19 KW (25...

  7. Reflection Matrix Method for Controlling Light After Reflection From a Diffuse Scattering Surface

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-12-22

    reflective inverse diffusion, which was a proof-of-concept experiment that used phase modulation to shape the wavefront of a laser causing it to refocus...after reflection from a rough surface. By refocusing the light, reflective inverse diffusion has the potential to eliminate the complex radiometric model...photography. However, the initial reflective inverse diffusion experiments provided no mathematical background and were conducted under the premise that the

  8. Adaptive DOF for plenoptic cameras

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Oberdörster, Alexander; Lensch, Hendrik P. A.

    2013-03-01

    Plenoptic cameras promise to provide arbitrary re-focusing through a scene after the capture. In practice, however, the refocusing range is limited by the depth of field (DOF) of the plenoptic camera. For the focused plenoptic camera, this range is given by the range of object distances for which the microimages are in focus. We propose a technique of recording light fields with an adaptive depth of focus. Between multiple exposures { or multiple recordings of the light field { the distance between the microlens array (MLA) and the image sensor is adjusted. The depth and quality of focus is chosen by changing the number of exposures and the spacing of the MLA movements. In contrast to traditional cameras, extending the DOF does not necessarily lead to an all-in-focus image. Instead, the refocus range is extended. There is full creative control about the focus depth; images with shallow or selective focus can be generated.

  9. Investigation on microfluidic particles manipulation by holographic 3D tracking strategies

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cacace, Teresa; Paturzo, Melania; Memmolo, Pasquale; Vassalli, Massimo; Fraldi, Massimiliano; Mensitieri, Giuseppe; Ferraro, Pietro

    2017-06-01

    We demonstrate a 3D holographic tracking method to investigate particles motion in a microfluidic channel while unperturbed while inducing their migration through microfluidic manipulation. Digital holography (DH) in microscopy is a full-field, label-free imaging technique able to provide quantitative phase-contrast. The employed 3D tracking method is articulated in steps. First, the displacements along the optical axis are assessed by numerical refocusing criteria. In particular, an automatic refocusing method to recover the particles axial position is implemented employing a contrast-based refocusing criterion. Then, the transverse position of the in-focus object is evaluated through quantitative phase map segmentation methods and centroid-based 2D tracking strategy. The introduction of DH is thus suggested as a powerful approach for control of particles and biological samples manipulation, as well as a possible aid to precise design and implementation of advanced lab-on-chip microfluidic devices.

  10. 40 CFR 86.085-2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... represents the manufacturer's total diesel light-duty vehicle production for those engine families being... standard. PRODLDT represents the manufacturer's total diesel light-duty truck production for those engine... average particulate emission level, for certification purposes, of all of its diesel engine families...

  11. A new telescope concept for space communication

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Henneberg, Peter; Schubert, Hermann

    1990-07-01

    The design concept of an optical transmit-receive antenna telescope developed in the framework of the ESA SILEX program is presented. SILEX involves optical communication between satellites in GEO, using semiconductor laser diodes operating at 825 nm as the light source. The telescope requirements include entrance diameter 250 mm, exit pupil 8 mm, acquisition FOV 8500 microrad, communication FOV 2000 microrad, angular magnification -31.25, retroreflection 3 microW/sq m nm or less, stray light 1.05 microW/sq m nm or less, and alignment stability 10 years with no refocusing in orbit. The present compact two-mirror configuration employs the glass-ceramic Zerodur for all of the major components (primary mirror/baseplate, secondary mirror, tube, front ring, and ocular) for a total mass of only 5760 g. The prototype manufacturing process gave surface errors of 25 nm rms-WF for the primary and 15 nm rms-WF for the secondary.

  12. 1D and 2D diffusion pore imaging on a preclinical MR system using adaptive rephasing: Feasibility and pulse sequence comparison

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bertleff, Marco; Domsch, Sebastian; Laun, Frederik B.; Kuder, Tristan A.; Schad, Lothar R.

    2017-05-01

    Diffusion pore imaging (DPI) has recently been proposed as a means to acquire images of the average pore shape in an image voxel or region of interest. The highly asymmetric gradient scheme of its sequence makes it substantially demanding in terms of the hardware of the NMR system. The aim of this work is to show the feasibility of DPI on a preclinical 9.4 T animal scanner. Using water-filled capillaries with an inner radius of 10 μm, four different variants of the DPI sequence were compared in 1D and 2D measurements. The pulse sequences applied cover the basic implementation using one long and one temporally narrow gradient pulse, a CPMG-like variant with multiple refocusing RF pulses as well as two variants splitting up the long gradient and distributing it on either side of the refocusing pulse. Substantial differences between the methods were found in terms of signal-to-noise ratio, contrast, blurring, deviations from the expected results and sensitivity to gradient imperfections. Each of the tested sequences was found to produce characteristic gradient mismatches dependent on the absolute value, direction and sign of the applied q-value. Read gradients were applied to compensate these mismatches translating them into time shifts, which enabled 1D DPI yielding capillary radius estimations within the tolerances specified by the manufacturer. For a successful DPI application in 2D, a novel gradient amplitude adaption scheme was implemented to correct for the occurring time shifts. Using this adaption, higher conformity to the expected pore shape, reduced blurring and enhanced contrast were achieved. Images of the phantom's pore shape could be acquired with a nominal resolution of 2.2 μm.

  13. 40 CFR 86.085-2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... represents the manufacturer's total diesel light-duty vehicle production for those engine families being... standard. PRODLDT represents the manufacturer's total diesel light-duty truck production for those engine... particulate emission level, for certification purposes, of all of its diesel engine families included in the...

  14. 40 CFR 86.1829-01 - Durability and emission testing requirements; waivers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... manufacturer's engineering evaluation of appropriate high-altitude emission testing, all light-duty vehicles..., development tests, or other appropriate information and good engineering judgment. (2) Evaporative/Refueling... manufacturer's engineering evaluation of appropriate testing and/or design parameters, all light-duty vehicles...

  15. 48 CFR 219.1005 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... (5) Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing (including Research and Development) 336412 (6... Development) 336419 (8) Military Armored Vehicle, Tank and Tank Component Manufacturing 336992 (9) Search and...

  16. 40 CFR 94.308 - Maintenance of records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) Purchaser and destination; and (6) Assembly plant. (b) The manufacturer of any engine family that is... the calendar year; and (6) Useful life. (c) Any manufacturer producing an engine family participating... dispersed; and (6) How and through what means credit deficits are met. (d) The manufacturer must retain all...

  17. 78 FR 5859 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Requests for Comments; Clearance of New Approval of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-28

    ... about our intention to request the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) approval for a new information... propeller critical parts by the manufacturer, and establish engineering, manufacture, and maintenance... their manuals to record engineering, manufacture, and maintenance processes for propeller critical parts...

  18. 40 CFR 1045.605 - What provisions apply to engines already certified under the motor vehicle or Large SI programs?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...-IGNITION PROPULSION MARINE ENGINES AND VESSELS Special Compliance Provisions § 1045.605 What provisions.... If you are an engine manufacturer, this section allows you to introduce new propulsion marine engines... in paragraph (d)(2) of this section, we will consider you a manufacturer of a new propulsion marine...

  19. 40 CFR 1045.605 - What provisions apply to engines already certified under the motor vehicle or Large SI programs?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ...-IGNITION PROPULSION MARINE ENGINES AND VESSELS Special Compliance Provisions § 1045.605 What provisions.... If you are an engine manufacturer, this section allows you to introduce new propulsion marine engines... in paragraph (d)(2) of this section, we will consider you a manufacturer of a new propulsion marine...

  20. 40 CFR 1045.605 - What provisions apply to engines already certified under the motor vehicle or Large SI programs?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...-IGNITION PROPULSION MARINE ENGINES AND VESSELS Special Compliance Provisions § 1045.605 What provisions.... If you are an engine manufacturer, this section allows you to introduce new propulsion marine engines... in paragraph (d)(2) of this section, we will consider you a manufacturer of a new propulsion marine...

  1. 40 CFR 1045.605 - What provisions apply to engines already certified under the motor vehicle or Large SI programs?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ...-IGNITION PROPULSION MARINE ENGINES AND VESSELS Special Compliance Provisions § 1045.605 What provisions.... If you are an engine manufacturer, this section allows you to introduce new propulsion marine engines... in paragraph (d)(2) of this section, we will consider you a manufacturer of a new propulsion marine...

  2. 40 CFR 1045.605 - What provisions apply to engines already certified under the motor vehicle or Large SI programs?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ...-IGNITION PROPULSION MARINE ENGINES AND VESSELS Special Compliance Provisions § 1045.605 What provisions.... If you are an engine manufacturer, this section allows you to introduce new propulsion marine engines... in paragraph (d)(2) of this section, we will consider you a manufacturer of a new propulsion marine...

  3. 40 CFR 1039.627 - What are the incentives for equipment manufacturers to use cleaner engines?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... engines. (e) In-use fuel. If the engine manufacturer certifies using ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel, you... commits to a central-fueling facility with ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel throughout its lifetime would meet... 1039: If the engine's maximum power is . . . And you install . . . Certified early to the . . . You may...

  4. 40 CFR 1039.627 - What are the incentives for equipment manufacturers to use cleaner engines?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... engines. (e) In-use fuel. If the engine manufacturer certifies using ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel, you... commits to a central-fueling facility with ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel throughout its lifetime would meet... 1039: If the engine's maximum power is . . . And you install . . . Certified early to the . . . You may...

  5. 40 CFR 1039.627 - What are the incentives for equipment manufacturers to use cleaner engines?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... engines. (e) In-use fuel. If the engine manufacturer certifies using ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel, you... commits to a central-fueling facility with ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel throughout its lifetime would meet... 1039: If the engine's maximum power is . . . And you install . . . Certified early to the . . . You may...

  6. 40 CFR 89.205 - Banking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Provisions § 89.205 Banking. (a) Requirements for Tier 1 engines rated at or above 37 kW. (1) A manufacturer... from Tier 1 engines under the provisions specified in § 89.207(b) for use in averaging and trading in... Tier 1 and later engines rated under 37 kW. (1) A manufacturer of a nonroad engine family with an NMHC...

  7. A merged model of quality improvement and evaluation: maximizing return on investment.

    PubMed

    Woodhouse, Lynn D; Toal, Russ; Nguyen, Trang; Keene, DeAnna; Gunn, Laura; Kellum, Andrea; Nelson, Gary; Charles, Simone; Tedders, Stuart; Williams, Natalie; Livingood, William C

    2013-11-01

    Quality improvement (QI) and evaluation are frequently considered to be alternative approaches for monitoring and assessing program implementation and impact. The emphasis on third-party evaluation, particularly associated with summative evaluation, and the grounding of evaluation in the social and behavioral science contrast with an emphasis on the integration of QI process within programs or organizations and its origins in management science and industrial engineering. Working with a major philanthropic organization in Georgia, we illustrate how a QI model is integrated with evaluation for five asthma prevention and control sites serving poor and underserved communities in rural and urban Georgia. A primary foundation of this merged model of QI and evaluation is a refocusing of the evaluation from an intimidating report card summative evaluation by external evaluators to an internally engaged program focus on developmental evaluation. The benefits of the merged model to both QI and evaluation are discussed. The use of evaluation based logic models can help anchor a QI program in evidence-based practice and provide linkage between process and outputs with the longer term distal outcomes. Merging the QI approach with evaluation has major advantages, particularly related to enhancing the funder's return on investment. We illustrate how a Plan-Do-Study-Act model of QI can (a) be integrated with evaluation based logic models, (b) help refocus emphasis from summative to developmental evaluation, (c) enhance program ownership and engagement in evaluation activities, and (d) increase the role of evaluators in providing technical assistance and support.

  8. Integrating post-manufacturing issues into design and manufacturing decisions

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Eubanks, Charles F.

    1996-01-01

    An investigation is conducted on research into some of the fundamental issues underlying the design for manufacturing, service and recycling that affect engineering decisions early in the conceptual design phase of mechanical systems. The investigation focuses on a system-based approach to material selection, manufacturing methods and assembly processes related to overall product requirements, performance and life-cycle costs. Particular emphasis is placed on concurrent engineering decision support for post-manufacturing issues such as serviceability, recyclability, and product retirement.

  9. 40 CFR 90.703 - Production line testing by the manufacturer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) Manufacturers of small SI engines shall test production line engines from each engine family according to the... recommended to the ultimate purchaser, unless otherwise specified by the Administrator. The Administrator may specify values within or without the range recommended to the ultimate purchaser. ...

  10. A New Enhanced Engineering Programme for Manufacturing Industries.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Clark, C.; And Others

    1985-01-01

    Special Engineering Programmes (SEPs) were established in Great Britain to attract highly able students into engineering and to provide education/training to meet the needs of manufacturing industries. SEP philosophy and objectives, program structure, student selection, course assessment, and other areas are discussed. (JN)

  11. Virtual aluminum castings: An industrial application of ICME

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Allison, John; Li, Mei; Wolverton, C.; Su, Xuming

    2006-11-01

    The automotive product design and manufacturing community is continually besieged by Hercule an engineering, timing, and cost challenges. Nowhere is this more evident than in the development of designs and manufacturing processes for cast aluminum engine blocks and cylinder heads. Increasing engine performance requirements coupled with stringent weight and packaging constraints are pushing aluminum alloys to the limits of their capabilities. To provide high-quality blocks and heads at the lowest possible cost, manufacturing process engineers are required to find increasingly innovative ways to cast and heat treat components. Additionally, to remain competitive, products and manufacturing methods must be developed and implemented in record time. To bridge the gaps between program needs and engineering reality, the use of robust computational models in up-front analysis will take on an increasingly important role. This article describes just such a computational approach, the Virtual Aluminum Castings methodology, which was developed and implemented at Ford Motor Company and demonstrates the feasibility and benefits of integrated computational materials engineering.

  12. Project-Based Manufacturing Engineering Practice at Ibaraki University and Its Outcomes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yamasaki, Kazuhiko; Wang, Dong F.; Maekawa, Katsuhiro

    The real world experience of manufacturing processes from an idea stage to a final product must be related to classroom lectures in mechanical engineering curriculum, including design, materials engineering, dynamics and control. Various challenges and difficulties encountered during the manufacturing engineering practice also let students recognize their creativity as well as what kinds of knowledge is missing. Awareness is the start of growth. In line with this principle we have carried out the mechanical engineering practice for 10 years. Some modifications toward “project-based practice” , however, have been made through manufacturing engineers’ real activities. Drawing and specification, process control, cost management, and role-sharing arrangement are stressed during the semester course. The present paper describes how it works and what is left to improve further, such as a refinement of themes and a coaching method for bringing out the hidden talent in students.

  13. Practices in Adequate Structural Design

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ryan, Robert S.

    1989-01-01

    Structural design and verification of space vehicles and space systems is a very tricky and awe inspiring business, particularly for manned missions. Failures in the missions with loss of life is devastating personally and nationally. The scope of the problem is driven by high performance requirements which push state-of-the-art technologies, creating high sensitivites to small variations and uncertainties. Insurance of safe, reliable flight dictates the use of sound principles, procedures, analysis, and testing. Many of those principles which were refocused by the Space Shuttle Challenger (51-L) accident on January 26, 1986, and the activities conducted to insure safe shuttle reflights are discussed. The emphasis will be focused on engineering, while recognizing that project and project management are also key to success.

  14. Practices in adequate structural design

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ryan, Robert S.

    1989-01-01

    Structural design and verification of space vehicles and space systems is a very tricky and awe inspiring business, particularly for manned missions. Failures in the missions with loss of life is devastating personally and nationally. The scope of the problem is driven by high performance requirements which push state-of-the-art technologies, creating high sensitivites to small variations and uncertainties. Insurance of safe, reliable flight dictates the use of sound principles, procedures, analysis, and testing. Many of those principles which were refocused by the Space Shuttle Challenger (51-L) accident on January 26, 1986, and the activities conducted to insure safe shuttle reflights are discussed. The emphasis will be focused on engineering, while recognizing that project and project management are also key to success.

  15. Quality Improvement, Inventory Management, Lead Time Reduction and Production Scheduling in High-Mix Manufacturing Environments

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2017-01-13

    Quality Improvement, Inventory Management, Lead Time Reduction and Production Scheduling in High-mix Manufacturing Environments by Sean Daigle B.S...for the degree of Master of Engineering in Advanced Manufacturing and Design at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY February 2017 c... Production Scheduling in High-mix Manufacturing Environments by Sean Daigle Submitted to the Department of Mechanical Engineering on January 13, 2017, in

  16. CT-assisted agile manufacturing

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Stanley, James H.; Yancey, Robert N.

    1996-11-01

    The next century will witness at least two great revolutions in the way goods are produced. First, workers will use the medium of virtual reality in all aspects of marketing, research, development, prototyping, manufacturing, sales and service. Second, market forces will drive manufacturing towards small-lot production and just-in-time delivery. Already, we can discern the merging of these megatrends into what some are calling agile manufacturing. Under this new paradigm, parts and processes will be designed and engineered within the mind of a computer, tooled and manufactured by the offspring of today's rapid prototyping equipment, and evaluated for performance and reliability by advanced nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques and sophisticated computational models. Computed tomography (CT) is the premier example of an NDE method suitable for future agile manufacturing activities. It is the only modality that provides convenient access to the full suite of engineering data that users will need to avail themselves of computer- aided design, computer-aided manufacturing, and computer- aided engineering capabilities, as well as newly emerging reverse engineering, rapid prototyping and solid freeform fabrication technologies. As such, CT is assured a central, utilitarian role in future industrial operations. An overview of this exciting future for industrial CT is presented.

  17. 40 CFR 94.1104 - General enforcement provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM MARINE COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES General Enforcement Provisions and... manufacturer of new engines and other persons subject to the requirements of this part must establish and... requirements of subpart E of this part. (ii) Every manufacturer or owner of engines exempted from the standards...

  18. 40 CFR 94.1104 - General enforcement provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM MARINE COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES General Enforcement Provisions and... manufacturer of new engines and other persons subject to the requirements of this part must establish and... requirements of subpart E of this part. (ii) Every manufacturer or owner of engines exempted from the standards...

  19. 40 CFR 94.1104 - General enforcement provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM MARINE COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES General Enforcement Provisions and... manufacturer of new engines and other persons subject to the requirements of this part must establish and... requirements of subpart E of this part. (ii) Every manufacturer or owner of engines exempted from the standards...

  20. 40 CFR 94.1104 - General enforcement provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM MARINE COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES General Enforcement Provisions and... manufacturer of new engines and other persons subject to the requirements of this part must establish and... requirements of subpart E of this part. (ii) Every manufacturer or owner of engines exempted from the standards...

  1. 40 CFR 94.1104 - General enforcement provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM MARINE COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES General Enforcement Provisions and... manufacturer of new engines and other persons subject to the requirements of this part must establish and... requirements of subpart E of this part. (ii) Every manufacturer or owner of engines exempted from the standards...

  2. 77 FR 20848 - Notice of Lodging of Consent Decree Under the Clean Air Act

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-06

    ... labeled marine diesel engines in their respective operations. The Consent Decree requires Settling...-ignition engine manufacturer, and National Steel and Shipbuilding Company, a marine vessel manufacturer... Selective Catalytic Reduction emissions control technology at a marine engine test stand operated at...

  3. Qualitative analysis by online nuclear magnetic resonance using Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence with low refocusing flip angles.

    PubMed

    de Andrade, Fabiana Diuk; Netto, Antonio Marchi; Colnago, Luiz Alberto

    2011-03-15

    The Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) pulse sequence has been used in many applications of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and low-resolution NMR (LRNMR) spectroscopy. Recently, CPMG was used in online LRNMR measurements that use long RF pulse trains, causing an increase in probe temperature and, therefore, tuning and matching maladjustments. To minimize this problem, the use of a low-power CPMG sequence based on low refocusing pulse flip angles (LRFA) was studied experimentally and theoretically. This approach has been used in several MRI protocols to reduce incident RF power and meet the specific absorption rate. The results for CPMG with LRFA of 3π/4 (CPMG(135)), π/2 (CPMG(90)) and π/4 (CPMG(45)) were compared with conventional CPMG with refocusing π pulses. For a homogeneous field, with linewidth equal to Δυ=15 Hz, the refocusing flip angles can be as low as π/4 to obtain the transverse relaxation time (T(2)) value with errors below 5%. For a less homogeneous magnetic field, Δυ=100 Hz, the choice of the LRFA has to take into account the reduction in the intensity of the CPMG signal and the increase in the time constant of the CPMG decay that also becomes dependent on longitudinal relaxation time (T(1)). We have compared the T(2) values measured by conventional CPMG and CPMG(90) for 30 oilseed species, and a good correlation coefficient, r=0.98, was obtained. Therefore, for oilseeds, the T(2) measurements performed with π/2 refocusing pulses (CPMG(90)), with the same pulse width of conventional CPMG, use only 25% of the RF power. This reduces the heating problem in the probe and reduces the power deposition in the samples. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  4. 76 FR 8620 - Airworthiness Directives; Pratt & Whitney JT8D-209, -217, -217A, -217C, and -219 Turbofan Engines

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-15

    ... inspection AD 97-17-04R1, and to allow automatic eddy current inspection per engine manual Section 72-33-31.... That AD currently requires revisions to the engine manufacturer's time limits section (TLS) to include... modifies the TLS of the manufacturer's engine manual and an air carrier's approved continuous airworthiness...

  5. A Modular Aerospike Engine Design Using Additive Manufacturing

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Peugeot, John; Garcia, Chance; Burkhardt, Wendel

    2014-01-01

    A modular aerospike engine concept has been developed with the objective of demonstrating the viability of the aerospike design using additive manufacturing techniques. The aerospike system is a self-compensating design that allows for optimal performance over the entire flight regime and allows for the lowest possible mass vehicle designs. At low altitudes, improvements in Isp can be traded against chamber pressure, staging, and payload. In upper stage applications, expansion ratio and engine envelope can be traded against nozzle efficiency. These features provide flexibility to the System Designer optimizing a complete vehicle stage. The aerospike concept is a good example of a component that has demonstrated improved performance capability, but traditionally has manufacturing requirements that are too expensive and complex to use in a production vehicle. In recent years, additive manufacturing has emerged as a potential method for improving the speed and cost of building geometrically complex components in rocket engines. It offers a reduction in tooling overhead and significant improvements in the integration of the designer and manufacturing method. In addition, the modularity of the engine design provides the ability to perform full scale testing on the combustion devices outside of the full engine configuration. The proposed design uses a hydrocarbon based gas-generator cycle, with plans to take advantage of existing powerhead hardware while focusing DDT&E resources on manufacturing and sub-system testing of the combustion devices. The major risks for the modular aerospike concept lie in the performance of the propellant feed system, the structural integrity of the additive manufactured components, and the aerodynamic efficiency of the exhaust flow.

  6. 77 FR 4736 - Nonconformance Penalties for On-Highway Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-31

    ... entire model year 2012 production. This manufacturer intends to use a different technology to meet the NO.... (2) Baseline Engine Technology Most manufacturers generally have never had production engines at 0.50... Risks'' H. Executive Order 13211 (Energy Effects) I. National Technology Transfer Advancement Act J...

  7. 77 FR 488 - Control of Emissions From New Highway Vehicles and Engines; Approval of New Scheduled Maintenance...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-05

    ... and engine manufacturers began planning to meet those requirements by optimizing engine designs for low emissions and adding high-efficiency aftertreatment systems. Manufacturers examined the use of... recirculation, and selective catalytic reduction (SCR). SCR systems use a nitrogen-containing reducing agent...

  8. Multimedia Tutors for Science and Engineering.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Woolf, Beverly Park; Poli, Corrado; Grosse, Ian; Day, Roberta

    We have built several multimedia tutors for science and engineering education. This paper discusses Design for Manufacturing tutors and an electronic homework systems used by over 2000 students daily. The engineering tutors instruct students on efficient procedures for designing parts for manufacture. The goal is to support a deeper understanding…

  9. 77 FR 18802 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collections; Request for Comment on Three...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-28

    ...: Entities potentially affected by this action are large on-highway heavy-duty engine and vehicle manufacturers. Title: Nonconformance Penalties for Heavy-Duty Engines and Heavy- Duty Vehicles, Including Light...) provisions allow a manufacturer to introduce into commerce heavy-duty engines (HDEs) or heavy-duty vehicles...

  10. 78 FR 4038 - Critical Parts for Airplane Propellers

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-18

    ... requiring a system of processes to identify and manage these parts throughout their service life. This rule... engineering process, a manufacturing process, and a service management process for propeller critical parts... engineering process, to how the part is manufactured and to how the part is maintained in service. Engineering...

  11. Microscopy refocusing and dark-field imaging by using a simple LED array.

    PubMed

    Zheng, Guoan; Kolner, Christopher; Yang, Changhuei

    2011-10-15

    The condenser is one of the main components in most transmitted light compound microscopes. In this Letter, we show that such a condenser can be replaced by a programmable LED array to achieve greater imaging flexibility and functionality. Without mechanically scanning the sample or changing the microscope setup, the proposed approach can be used for dark-field imaging, bright-field imaging, microscopy sectioning, and digital refocusing. Images of a starfish embryo were acquired by using such an approach for demonstration.

  12. Automotive manufacturing assessment system. Volume IV: engine manufacturing analysis. Final report Jun 77-Aug 78

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Taylor, T. Jr

    Volume IV represents the results of one of four major study areas under the Automotive Manufacturing Assessment System (AMAS) sponsored by the DOT/Transportation Systems Center. AMAS was designed to assist in the evaluation of industry's capability to produce fuel efficient vehicles. An analysis of automotive engine manufacturing was conducted in order to determine the impact of regulatory changes on tooling costs and the production process. The 351W CID V-8 engine at Ford's Windsor No. 1 Plant was the subject of the analysis. A review of plant history and its product is presented along with an analysis of manufacturing operations, includingmore » material and production flow, plant layout, machining and assembly processes, tooling, supporting facilities, inspection, service and repair. Four levels of product change intensity showing the impact on manufacturing methods and cost is also presented.« less

  13. Closing the Competency Gap in Manufacturing Processes as It Applies to New Engineering Graduates

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ssemakula, Mukasa; Liao, Gene; Ellis, Darin

    2010-01-01

    Industry has consistently identified lack of experience in manufacturing processes as one of the key competency gaps among new engineering graduates. This paper discusses a laboratory-based course that provides realistic hands-on manufacturing experiences to students. The course uses team-based projects that help students gain hands-on experience…

  14. Institute for Defense Analysis. Annual Report 1994

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1994-01-01

    activities with engineering and rines in submarine-unique roles. However, we manufacturing development into a single identified a number of other...development efforts. In addition, and mine-laying capabilities, with roughly 25 the panel proposed increasing both the number nations manufacturing ...the engineering concepts and design, and for implementing Synthetic Aperture Radar flexible manufacturing procedures for focal Reconnaissance

  15. 76 FR 26609 - Revisions to the California State Implementation Plan, San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-09

    ... that manufacturers would be forced to alter the design or emission control equipment on new nonroad... in practical effect force manufacturers to alter the design or emission control equipment on new... manufacturer or user of a nonroad engine or vehicle to change the emission control design of the engine or...

  16. A spin echo sequence with a single-sided bipolar diffusion gradient pulse to obtain snapshot diffusion weighted images in moving media

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Freidlin, R. Z.; Kakareka, J. W.; Pohida, T. J.; Komlosh, M. E.; Basser, P. J.

    2012-08-01

    In vivo MRI data can be corrupted by motion. Motion artifacts are particularly troublesome in Diffusion Weighted MRI (DWI), since the MR signal attenuation due to Brownian motion can be much less than the signal loss due to dephasing from other types of complex tissue motion, which can significantly degrade the estimation of self-diffusion coefficients, diffusion tensors, etc. This paper describes a snapshot DWI sequence, which utilizes a novel single-sided bipolar diffusion sensitizing gradient pulse within a spin echo sequence. The proposed method shortens the diffusion time by applying a single refocused bipolar diffusion gradient on one side of a refocusing RF pulse, instead of a set of diffusion sensitizing gradients, separated by a refocusing RF pulse, while reducing the impact of magnetic field inhomogeneity by using a spin echo sequence. A novel MRI phantom that can exhibit a range of complex motions was designed to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed DWI sequence.

  17. Analytical and experimental performance of a dual-mode traveling wave tube and multistage depressed collector

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ramins, Peter; Force, Dale A.; Kosmahl, Henry G.

    1987-01-01

    A computational procedure for the design of traveling-wave-tube(TWT)/refocuser/multistage depressed collector (MDC) systems was used to design a short, permanent-magnet refocusing system and a highly efficient MDC for a medium-power, dual-mode, 4.8- to 9.6-GHz TWT. The computations were carried out with advanced, multidimensional computer programs which model the electron beam and follow the trajectories of representative charges from the radiofrequency (RF) input of the TWT, through the slow-wave structure and refocusing section, to their points of impact in the depressed collector. Secondary emission losses in the MDC were treated semiquantitatively by injecting representative secondary-electron-emission current into the MDA analysis at the point of impact of each primary beam. A comparison of computed and measured TWT and MDC performance showed very good agreement. The electrodes of the MDC were fabricated from a particluar form of isptropic graphite that was selected for its low secondary electron yield, ease of machinability, and vacuum properties.

  18. An efficient method for the fusion of light field refocused images

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Yingqian; Yang, Jungang; Xiao, Chao; An, Wei

    2018-04-01

    Light field cameras have drawn much attention due to the advantage of post-capture adjustments such as refocusing after exposure. The depth of field in refocused images is always shallow because of the large equivalent aperture. As a result, a large number of multi-focus images are obtained and an all-in-focus image is demanded. Consider that most multi-focus image fusion algorithms do not particularly aim at large numbers of source images and traditional DWT-based fusion approach has serious problems in dealing with lots of multi-focus images, causing color distortion and ringing effect. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an efficient multi-focus image fusion method based on stationary wavelet transform (SWT), which can deal with a large quantity of multi-focus images with shallow depth of fields. We compare SWT-based approach with DWT-based approach on various occasions. And the results demonstrate that the proposed method performs much better both visually and quantitatively.

  19. Application of Double Spin-Echo Spiral Chemical Shift Imaging to Rapid Metabolic Mapping of Hyperpolarized [1-13C]-Pyruvate

    PubMed Central

    Josan, Sonal; Yen, Yi-Fen; Hurd, Ralph; Pfefferbaum, Adolf; Spielman, Daniel; Mayer, Dirk

    2011-01-01

    Undersampled spiral CSI (spCSI) using a free induction decay (FID) acquisition allows sub-second metabolic imaging of hyperpolarized 13C. Phase correction of the FID acquisition can be difficult, especially with contributions from aliased out-of-phase peaks. This work extends the spCSI sequence by incorporating double spin-echo radiofrequency (RF) pulses to eliminate the need for phase correction and obtain high quality spectra in magnitude mode. The sequence also provides an added benefit of attenuating signal from flowing spins, which can otherwise contaminate signal in the organ of interest. The refocusing pulses can potentially lead to a loss of hyperpolarized magnetization in dynamic imaging due to flow of spins through the fringe field of the RF coil, where the refocusing pulses fail to provide complete refocusing. Care must be taken for dynamic imaging to ensure that the spins remain within the B1-homogeneous sensitive volume of the RF coil. PMID:21316280

  20. N²E: Envisioning a process to support transition from nurse to educator.

    PubMed

    McAllister, Margaret; Oprescu, Florin; Jones, Christian

    2014-01-01

    Rising health inequities, continuing nursing shortages, and overlooked professional development needs of nurse educators are three important issues facing nursing in Australia. This paper argues for an innovative and proactive strategy that could transform the nurse education workforce into one that is repopulated, reinvigorated and refocused. The problem facing nurse educators, and subsequently affecting nurses' preparation for practice and longevity in the profession, was identified by drawing on findings from the literature, extensive educational experience, and an exploratory study of nurse educators working in universities, colleges and health services. A solution has been devised by drawing together the tenets of critical social theory, transformative learning, communities of practice and social media. Nursing educators, refocused around a social justice agenda, may be the remedy that the Australian Health Care System requires to embark on effective action that can benefit everyone, from the health service staff to our most vulnerable groups in society. This refocusing can be achieved in a structured and strategic process that builds confidence and professional capabilities.

  1. N2E: Envisioning a process to support transition from nurse to educator.

    PubMed

    McAllister, Margaret; Oprescu, Florin; Jones, Christian

    2013-11-21

    Abstract Rising health inequities, continuing nursing shortages, and overlooked professional development needs of nurse educators are three important issues facing nursing in Australia. This paper argues for an innovative and proactive strategy that could transform the nurse education workforce into one that is repopulated, reinvigorated and refocused. The problem facing nurse educators, and subsequently affecting nurses' preparation for practice and longevity in the profession, was identified by drawing on findings from the literature, extensive educational experience, and an exploratory study of nurse educators working in universities, colleges and health services. A solution has been devised by drawing together the tenets of critical social theory, transformative learning, communities of practice and social media. Nursing educators, refocused around a social justice agenda, may be the remedy that the Australian Health Care System requires to embark on effective action that can benefit everyone, from the health service staff to our most vulnerable groups in society. This refocusing can be achieved in a structured and strategic process that builds confidence and professional capabilities.

  2. 14 CFR 34.21 - Standards for exhaust emissions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... (New Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines) § 34.21 Standards for exhaust emissions. (a) Exhaust emissions of smoke from each new aircraft gas turbine engine of class T8 manufactured on or after February 1, 1974...) Exhaust emission of smoke from each new aircraft gas turbine engine of class T3 manufactured on or after...

  3. 14 CFR 34.21 - Standards for exhaust emissions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... (New Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines) § 34.21 Standards for exhaust emissions. (a) Exhaust emissions of smoke from each new aircraft gas turbine engine of class T8 manufactured on or after February 1, 1974...) Exhaust emission of smoke from each new aircraft gas turbine engine of class T3 manufactured on or after...

  4. 40 CFR 1039.625 - What requirements apply under the program for equipment-manufacturer flexibility?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... differences that justify your request. (vi) Describe your efforts to find and use other compliant engines, or... NONROAD COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES Special Compliance Provisions § 1039.625 What requirements apply... manufacturers to produce equipment with engines that are subject to less stringent emission standards after the...

  5. 76 FR 72130 - Airworthiness Directives; Pratt & Whitney JT9D Series Turbofan Engines

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-22

    ... the Airworthiness Limitations Section (ALS) of the manufacturer's Instructions for Continued... life-limited parts. This proposed AD would require additional revisions to the JT9D series engines ALS... all PW JT9D series turbofan engines. That AD requires revisions to the ALS of the manufacturer's ICA...

  6. A Framework for Automating Cost Estimates in Assembly Processes

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Calton, T.L.; Peters, R.R.

    1998-12-09

    When a product concept emerges, the manufacturing engineer is asked to sketch out a production strategy and estimate its cost. The engineer is given an initial product design, along with a schedule of expected production volumes. The engineer then determines the best approach to manufacturing the product, comparing a variey of alternative production strategies. The engineer must consider capital cost, operating cost, lead-time, and other issues in an attempt to maximize pro$ts. After making these basic choices and sketching the design of overall production, the engineer produces estimates of the required capital, operating costs, and production capacity. 177is process maymore » iterate as the product design is refined in order to improve its pe~ormance or manufacturability. The focus of this paper is on the development of computer tools to aid manufacturing engineers in their decision-making processes. This computer sof~are tool provides aj?amework in which accurate cost estimates can be seamlessly derivedfiom design requirements at the start of any engineering project. Z+e result is faster cycle times through first-pass success; lower ll~e cycie cost due to requirements-driven design and accurate cost estimates derived early in the process.« less

  7. Using Innovative Techniques for Manufacturing Rocket Engine Hardware

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Betts, Erin M.; Reynolds, David C.; Eddleman, David E.; Hardin, Andy

    2011-01-01

    Many of the manufacturing techniques that are currently used for rocket engine component production are traditional methods that have been proven through years of experience and historical precedence. As we enter into a new space age where new launch vehicles are being designed and propulsion systems are being improved upon, it is sometimes necessary to adopt new and innovative techniques for manufacturing hardware. With a heavy emphasis on cost reduction and improvements in manufacturing time, manufacturing techniques such as Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) are being adopted and evaluated for their use on J-2X, with hopes of employing this technology on a wide variety of future projects. DMLS has the potential to significantly reduce the processing time and cost of engine hardware, while achieving desirable material properties by using a layered powder metal manufacturing process in order to produce complex part geometries. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) has recently hot-fire tested a J-2X gas generator discharge duct that was manufactured using DMLS. The duct was inspected and proof tested prior to the hot-fire test. Using the Workhorse Gas Generator (WHGG) test setup at MSFC?s East Test Area test stand 116, the duct was subject to extreme J-2X gas generator environments and endured a total of 538 seconds of hot-fire time. The duct survived the testing and was inspected after the test. DMLS manufacturing has proven to be a viable option for manufacturing rocket engine hardware, and further development and use of this manufacturing method is recommended.

  8. Steady-state MR imaging sequences: physics, classification, and clinical applications.

    PubMed

    Chavhan, Govind B; Babyn, Paul S; Jankharia, Bhavin G; Cheng, Hai-Ling M; Shroff, Manohar M

    2008-01-01

    Steady-state sequences are a class of rapid magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques based on fast gradient-echo acquisitions in which both longitudinal magnetization (LM) and transverse magnetization (TM) are kept constant. Both LM and TM reach a nonzero steady state through the use of a repetition time that is shorter than the T2 relaxation time of tissue. When TM is maintained as multiple radiofrequency excitation pulses are applied, two types of signal are formed once steady state is reached: preexcitation signal (S-) from echo reformation; and postexcitation signal (S+), which consists of free induction decay. Depending on the signal sampled and used to form an image, steady-state sequences can be classified as (a) postexcitation refocused (only S+ is sampled), (b) preexcitation refocused (only S- is sampled), and (c) fully refocused (both S+ and S- are sampled) sequences. All tissues with a reasonably long T2 relaxation time will show additional signals due to various refocused echo paths. Steady-state sequences have revolutionized cardiac imaging and have become the standard for anatomic functional cardiac imaging and for the assessment of myocardial viability because of their good signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio and increased speed of acquisition. They are also useful in abdominal and fetal imaging and hold promise for interventional MR imaging. Because steady-state sequences are now commonly used in MR imaging, radiologists will benefit from understanding the underlying physics, classification, and clinical applications of these sequences.

  9. Towards automatic planning for manufacturing generative processes

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    CALTON,TERRI L.

    2000-05-24

    Generative process planning describes methods process engineers use to modify manufacturing/process plans after designs are complete. A completed design may be the result from the introduction of a new product based on an old design, an assembly upgrade, or modified product designs used for a family of similar products. An engineer designs an assembly and then creates plans capturing manufacturing processes, including assembly sequences, component joining methods, part costs, labor costs, etc. When new products originate as a result of an upgrade, component geometry may change, and/or additional components and subassemblies may be added to or are omitted from themore » original design. As a result process engineers are forced to create new plans. This is further complicated by the fact that the process engineer is forced to manually generate these plans for each product upgrade. To generate new assembly plans for product upgrades, engineers must manually re-specify the manufacturing plan selection criteria and re-run the planners. To remedy this problem, special-purpose assembly planning algorithms have been developed to automatically recognize design modifications and automatically apply previously defined manufacturing plan selection criteria and constraints.« less

  10. Additive Manufacturing for Affordable Rocket Engines

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    West, Brian; Robertson, Elizabeth; Osborne, Robin; Calvert, Marty

    2016-01-01

    Additive manufacturing (also known as 3D printing) technology has the potential to drastically reduce costs and lead times associated with the development of complex liquid rocket engine systems. NASA is using 3D printing to manufacture rocket engine components including augmented spark igniters, injectors, turbopumps, and valves. NASA is advancing the process to certify these components for flight. Success Story: MSFC has been developing rocket 3D-printing technology using the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) process. Over the last several years, NASA has built and tested several injectors and combustion chambers. Recently, MSFC has 3D printed an augmented spark igniter for potential use the RS-25 engines that will be used on the Space Launch System. The new design is expected to reduce the cost of the igniter by a factor of four. MSFC has also 3D printed and tested a liquid hydrogen turbopump for potential use on an Upper Stage Engine. Additive manufacturing of the turbopump resulted in a 45% part count reduction. To understanding how the 3D printed parts perform and to certify them for flight, MSFC built a breadboard liquid rocket engine using additive manufactured components including injectors, turbomachinery, and valves. The liquid rocket engine was tested seven times in 2016 using liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen. In addition to exposing the hardware to harsh environments, engineers learned to design for the new manufacturing technique, taking advantage of its capabilities and gaining awareness of its limitations. Benefit: The 3D-printing technology promises reduced cost and schedule for rocket engines. Cost is a function of complexity, and the most complicated features provide the largest opportunities for cost reductions. This is especially true where brazes or welds can be eliminated. The drastic reduction in part count achievable with 3D printing creates a waterfall effect that reduces the number of processes and drawings, decreases the amount of touch labor required, and increases reliability. When certification is achieved, NASA missions will be able to realize these benefits.

  11. A Fully Non-metallic Gas Turbine Engine Enabled by Additive Manufacturing

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Grady, Joseph E.

    2014-01-01

    The Non-Metallic Gas Turbine Engine project, funded by NASA Aeronautics Research Institute (NARI), represents the first comprehensive evaluation of emerging materials and manufacturing technologies that will enable fully nonmetallic gas turbine engines. This will be achieved by assessing the feasibility of using additive manufacturing technologies for fabricating polymer matrix composite (PMC) and ceramic matrix composite (CMC) gas turbine engine components. The benefits of the proposed effort include: 50 weight reduction compared to metallic parts, reduced manufacturing costs due to less machining and no tooling requirements, reduced part count due to net shape single component fabrication, and rapid design change and production iterations. Two high payoff metallic components have been identified for replacement with PMCs and will be fabricated using fused deposition modeling (FDM) with high temperature capable polymer filaments. The first component is an acoustic panel treatment with a honeycomb structure with an integrated back sheet and perforated front sheet. The second component is a compressor inlet guide vane. The CMC effort, which is starting at a lower technology readiness level, will use a binder jet process to fabricate silicon carbide test coupons and demonstration articles. The polymer and ceramic additive manufacturing efforts will advance from monolithic materials toward silicon carbide and carbon fiber reinforced composites for improved properties. Microstructural analysis and mechanical testing will be conducted on the PMC and CMC materials. System studies will assess the benefits of fully nonmetallic gas turbine engine in terms of fuel burn, emissions, reduction of part count, and cost. The proposed effort will be focused on a small 7000 lbf gas turbine engine. However, the concepts are equally applicable to large gas turbine engines. The proposed effort includes a multidisciplinary, multiorganization NASA - industry team that includes experts in ceramic materials and CMCs, polymers and PMCs, structural engineering, additive manufacturing, engine design and analysis, and system analysis.

  12. Design and optimization of the micro-engine turbine rotor manufacturing using the rapid prototyping technology

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Vdovin, R. A.; Smelov, V. G.

    2017-02-01

    This work describes the experience in manufacturing the turbine rotor for the micro-engine. It demonstrates the design principles for the complex investment casting process combining the use of the ProCast software and the rapid prototyping techniques. At the virtual modelling stage, in addition to optimized process parameters, the casting structure was improved to obtain the defect-free section. The real production stage allowed demonstrating the performance and fitness of rapid prototyping techniques for the manufacture of geometrically-complex engine-building parts.

  13. Advanced materials for aircraft engine applications.

    PubMed

    Backman, D G; Williams, J C

    1992-02-28

    A review of advances for aircraft engine structural materials and processes is presented. Improved materials, such as superalloys, and the processes for making turbine disks and blades have had a major impact on the capability of modern gas turbine engines. New structural materials, notably composites and intermetallic materials, are emerging that will eventually further enhance engine performance, reduce engine weight, and thereby enable new aircraft systems. In the future, successful aerospace manufacturers will combine product design and materials excellence with improved manufacturing methods to increase production efficiency, enhance product quality, and decrease the engine development cycle time.

  14. 77 FR 54384 - Nonconformance Penalties for On-Highway Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-05

    ...EPA is taking final action to establish nonconformance penalties (NCPs) for manufacturers of heavy heavy-duty diesel engines (HHDDE) in model years 2012 and later for emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOX) because we have found the criteria for NCPs and the Clean Air Act have been met. The NOX standards to which these NCPs apply were established by a rule published on January 18, 2001. In general, NCPs allow a manufacturer of heavy-duty engines (HDEs) whose engines do not conform to applicable emission standards, but do not exceed a designated upper limit, to be issued a certificate of conformity upon payment of a monetary penalty to the United States Government. The upper limit associated with these NCPs is 0.50 grams of NOX per brake horsepower-hour (g/bhp-hr). This Final Rule specifies certain parameters that are entered into the preexisting penalty formulas along with the emissions of the engine and the incorporation of other factors to determine the amount a manufacturer must pay. Key parameters that determine the NCP a manufacturer must pay are EPA's estimated cost of compliance for a near worst-case engine and the degree to which the engine exceeds the emission standard (as measured from production engines). EPA proposed NCPs for medium heavy duty diesel engines. However, EPA is not taking final action with regard to NCPs for these engines at this time because EPA has not completed its review of the data and comments regarding these engines.

  15. Application for certification 1988 model year light-duty vehicles - US Technical Research Company (Peugeot)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for certification. In the application, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical description of the vehicles or engines he intends to market during the upcoming model year. These engineering data include explanations and/or drawings that describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems, and exhaust and evaporative emission control systems.

  16. Manufacturing Methods and Technology Program Plan, CY 1984.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1984-09-01

    77nD-Al48 828 MANUFACTURING METHODS AIND TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM PLAN CY 1/3 1984(U) ARMY INDUSTRIAL BASE ENGINEERING ACTIVITY ROCK ISLAND IL G FISCHER...1984 MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY DIVISION U S ARMY INDUSTRIAL BASE ENGINEERING ACTIVITY ROCK ISLAND, ILLINOIS 61299-7260 8 4 30 033 .. . . . . ...4i.l...NUMBE2N. GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT’S CATALOG NUMBER i2- ffl7’ NONE 14TTITLE (Mid Skdde) S. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED MANUFACTURING METHODS

  17. Low-temperature deposition manufacturing: A novel and promising rapid prototyping technology for the fabrication of tissue-engineered scaffold.

    PubMed

    Liu, Wei; Wang, Daming; Huang, Jianghong; Wei, You; Xiong, Jianyi; Zhu, Weimin; Duan, Li; Chen, Jielin; Sun, Rong; Wang, Daping

    2017-01-01

    Developed in recent years, low-temperature deposition manufacturing (LDM) represents one of the most promising rapid prototyping technologies. It is not only based on rapid deposition manufacturing process but also combined with phase separation process. Besides the controlled macropore size, tissue-engineered scaffold fabricated by LDM has inter-connected micropores in the deposited lines. More importantly, it is a green manufacturing process that involves non-heating liquefying of materials. It has been employed to fabricate tissue-engineered scaffolds for bone, cartilage, blood vessel and nerve tissue regenerations. It is a promising technology in the fabrication of tissue-engineered scaffold similar to ideal scaffold and the design of complex organs. In the current paper, this novel LDM technology is introduced, and its control parameters, biomedical applications and challenges are included and discussed as well. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  18. Use of the LITEE Lorn Manufacturing Case Study in a Senior Chemical Engineering Unit Operations Laboratory

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Abraham, Nithin Susan; Abulencia, James Patrick

    2011-01-01

    This study focuses on the effectiveness of incorporating the Laboratory for Innovative Technology and Engineering Education (LITEE) Lorn Manufacturing case into a senior level chemical engineering unit operations course at Manhattan College. The purpose of using the case study is to demonstrate the relevance of ethics to chemical engineering…

  19. 40 CFR 87.21 - Standards for exhaust emissions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... aircraft gas turbine engine of class T8 manufactured on or after February 1, 1974, shall not exceed: Smoke number of 30. (b) Exhaust emissions of smoke from each new aircraft gas turbine engine of class TF and of... gas turbine engine of class T3 manufactured on or after January 1, 1978, shall not exceed: Smoke...

  20. 40 CFR 87.21 - Standards for exhaust emissions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... aircraft gas turbine engine of class T8 manufactured on or after February 1, 1974, shall not exceed: Smoke number of 30. (b) Exhaust emissions of smoke from each new aircraft gas turbine engine of class TF and of... gas turbine engine of class T3 manufactured on or after January 1, 1978, shall not exceed: Smoke...

  1. Applications of Computer Graphics in Engineering

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1975-01-01

    Various applications of interactive computer graphics to the following areas of science and engineering were described: design and analysis of structures, configuration geometry, animation, flutter analysis, design and manufacturing, aircraft design and integration, wind tunnel data analysis, architecture and construction, flight simulation, hydrodynamics, curve and surface fitting, gas turbine engine design, analysis, and manufacturing, packaging of printed circuit boards, spacecraft design.

  2. 76 FR 25300 - Foreign-Trade Zone 141-Rochester, NY; Application for Manufacturing Authority, Firth Rixson, Inc...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-04

    ... County (see Docket 29-2011). The facility is used to produce aircraft turbine engine components of forged... aircraft turbine engines for the U.S. market and export. The manufacturing process under FTZ procedures... procedures that applies to aircraft turbine engine components and forged rings of titanium (duty rates--free...

  3. 40 CFR 86.1935 - What special provisions may apply as a consequence of a delay in the particulate matter accuracy...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES (CONTINUED) Manufacturer-Run In-Use Testing Program for Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines § 86.1935 What special provisions may... attributable to engine manufacturers failing to meet their commitments under that agreement, the following...

  4. 40 CFR 89.204 - Averaging.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Provisions § 89.204 Averaging. (a) Requirements for Tier 1 engines rated at or above 37 kW. A manufacturer... credits obtained through trading. (b) Requirements for Tier 2 and later engines rated at or above 37 kW and Tier 1 and later engines rated under 37 kW. A manufacturer may use averaging to offset an emission...

  5. Recent progress in interfacial tissue engineering approaches for osteochondral defects.

    PubMed

    Castro, Nathan J; Hacking, S Adam; Zhang, Lijie Grace

    2012-08-01

    This review provides a brief synopsis of the anatomy and physiology of the osteochondral interface, scaffold-based and non-scaffold based approaches for engineering both tissues independently as well as recent developments in the manufacture of gradient constructs. Novel manufacturing techniques and nanotechnology will be discussed with potential application in osteochondral interfacial tissue engineering.

  6. Refocusing website marketing: physician-patient relationships.

    PubMed

    Sanchez, Peter M

    2002-01-01

    Physician websites have become commonplace in the world of health care marketing. Most, if not all of these websites, focus on practice enhancement tactics as a means of increasing office traffic in an increasingly competitive environment. Websites developed in this way fail to tap the interactive potential of website technology and provide little support for the development of physician-patient relationships. In this paper, we extend a model of medical service care so as to refocus attention on the importance of physician-patient relationships and the role websites can play in this process.

  7. Engineering computer graphics in gas turbine engine design, analysis and manufacture

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lopatka, R. S.

    1975-01-01

    A time-sharing and computer graphics facility designed to provide effective interactive tools to a large number of engineering users with varied requirements was described. The application of computer graphics displays at several levels of hardware complexity and capability is discussed, with examples of graphics systems tracing gas turbine product development, beginning with preliminary design through manufacture. Highlights of an operating system stylized for interactive engineering graphics is described.

  8. Acellular assessments of engineered-manufactured nanoparticle biological surface reactivity

    EPA Science Inventory

    It is critical to assess the surface properties and reactivity of engineered-manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) as these will influence their interactions with biological systems, biokinetics and toxicity. We examined the physicochemical properties and surface reactivity of metal o...

  9. 40 CFR 60.4247 - What parts of the mobile source provisions apply to me if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What parts of the mobile source provisions apply to me if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines or a manufacturer of equipment containing such engines? 60.4247 Section 60.4247 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL...

  10. 40 CFR 60.4240 - What are my compliance requirements if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What are my compliance requirements if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines >19 KW (25 HP) that are rich burn... I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines >19 KW (25 HP) that are rich burn...

  11. 40 CFR 60.4240 - What are my compliance requirements if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What are my compliance requirements if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines >19 KW (25 HP) that are rich burn... I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines >19 KW (25 HP) that are rich burn...

  12. 40 CFR 60.4240 - What are my compliance requirements if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What are my compliance requirements if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines >19 KW (25 HP) that are rich burn... I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines >19 KW (25 HP) that are rich burn...

  13. 40 CFR 60.4240 - What are my compliance requirements if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What are my compliance requirements if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines >19 KW (25 HP) that are rich burn... I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines >19 KW (25 HP) that are rich burn...

  14. 40 CFR 60.4240 - What are my compliance requirements if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What are my compliance requirements if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines >19 KW (25 HP) that are rich burn... I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines >19 KW (25 HP) that are rich burn...

  15. Crystal and Particle Engineering Strategies for Improving Powder Compression and Flow Properties to Enable Continuous Tablet Manufacturing by Direct Compression.

    PubMed

    Chattoraj, Sayantan; Sun, Changquan Calvin

    2018-04-01

    Continuous manufacturing of tablets has many advantages, including batch size flexibility, demand-adaptive scale up or scale down, consistent product quality, small operational foot print, and increased manufacturing efficiency. Simplicity makes direct compression the most suitable process for continuous tablet manufacturing. However, deficiencies in powder flow and compression of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) limit the range of drug loading that can routinely be considered for direct compression. For the widespread adoption of continuous direct compression, effective API engineering strategies to address power flow and compression problems are needed. Appropriate implementation of these strategies would facilitate the design of high-quality robust drug products, as stipulated by the Quality-by-Design framework. Here, several crystal and particle engineering strategies for improving powder flow and compression properties are summarized. The focus is on the underlying materials science, which is the foundation for effective API engineering to enable successful continuous manufacturing by the direct compression process. Copyright © 2018 American Pharmacists Association®. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  16. Trial of Engineer Educating of Manufacturing Field in Kagoshima National College of Technology

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nakamura, Itaru; Hombu, Mitsuyuki; Kusuhara, Yoshito; Kashine, Kenji; Sakasegawa, Eiichi; Tashima, Daisuke; Fukidome, Hiromi

    In Kagoshima National College of Technology, based on investigation with “the job boost measure investigation work in a power supply area” undertaken in the 2005 fiscal year, we accepted the trust from Kyushu Bureau of Economy, Trade and Industry, and undertook “the small-and-medium-sized-enterprises personnel educating work which utilized the technical college etc.” for three years from the 2006 fiscal year to the 2008 fiscal year. As the trial of engineer educating according to the electrical engineering concept to the manufacturing field based on a conventional result, we act as a professor of the base technique for applying alternative energy (a fuel cell and a solar cell) in which social needs are powerful these days, and aim at aiming at cultivation of the problem-solving type engineer who can contribute to a low carbon society through manufacturing, we undertook this work according to the manufacturing bearer educating work (personnel educating and secured work of the manufacturing field) in the 2009 fiscal year of National Federation of Small Business Associations.

  17. 40 CFR 1068.105 - What other provisions apply to me specifically if I manufacture equipment needing certified engines?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... inventory practice is to keep on hand a one-month supply of engines based on your upcoming production...) Send a request for duplicate labels in writing on your company's letterhead to the engine manufacturer. Include the following information in your request: (i) Identify the type of equipment and the specific...

  18. A Work-Based Research Assessment of the Impact of "Lean Manufacturing" on Health and Safety Education within an SME

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Nikolou-Walker, Elda; Lavery, Kathy

    2009-01-01

    Globalisation has had a major impact on the engineering industry as Pacific Rim countries undercut manufacturing costs and provide a more cost-effective location for many businesses. Engineering in Northern Ireland has mostly declined owing to increased competition from these countries. Engineering companies are now forced to streamline their…

  19. 40 CFR 1068.103 - What are the provisions related to the duration and applicability of certificates of conformity?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., the production period is the manufacturer's annual production period identified as a model year. (1) For engines/equipment subject to emission standards based on model years, the first day of the annual... model year is named, or the earliest date of manufacture for any engine/equipment in the engine family...

  20. Job Prospects for Industrial Engineers.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Basta, Nicholas

    1985-01-01

    Recent economic growth and improved manufacturing profitability are supporting increased employment for industrial engineers. Promising areas include modernizing manufacturing technology and productivity with large amounts of hiring in aerospace, electronics, and instrumentation. Percentages of women employed in these fields for 1982 and 1983 are…

  1. The Science of and Advanced Technology for Cost-Effective Manufacture of High Precision Engineering Products. Volume 5. Automatic Generation of Process Outlines of Forming and Machining Processes.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1986-08-01

    THE SCIENCE OF AND ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY FOR COST-EFFECTIVE MANUFACTURE Lfl OF HIGH PRECISION ENGINEERING PRODUCTS N iA6/*N ONR Contract No. 83K0385...ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY FOR1 COST-EFFECTIVE MANUFACTURE OF1’ HIGH PRECISION ENGINEERING PRODUCTS ONR Contract No. 83K0385 Final Report Vol. 5 AUTOMATIC...Ck 53N Drawing #: 03116-6233 Raw Material: Iiz’ 500mm diameter and 3000mm length Ma, rial Alloy steel. high carbon content, quenched to Min 45Rc

  2. Mobile Source Emissions Regulatory Compliance Data Inventory

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    The Mobile Source Emissions Regulatory Compliance Data Inventory data asset contains measured summary compliance information on light-duty, heavy-duty, and non-road engine manufacturers by model, as well as fee payment data required by Title II of the 1990 Amendments to the Clean Air Act, to certify engines for sale in the U.S. and collect compliance certification fees. Data submitted by manufacturers falls into 12 industries: Heavy Duty Compression Ignition, Marine Spark Ignition, Heavy Duty Spark Ignition, Marine Compression Ignition, Snowmobile, Motorcycle & ATV, Non-Road Compression Ignition, Non-Road Small Spark Ignition, Light-Duty, Evaporative Components, Non-Road Large Spark Ignition, and Locomotive. Title II also requires the collection of fees from manufacturers submitting for compliance certification. Manufacturers submit data on an annual basis, to document engine model changes for certification. Manufacturers also submit compliance information on already certified in-use vehicles randomly selected by the EPA (1) year into their life and (4) years into their life to ensure that emissions systems continue to function appropriately over time.The EPA performs targeted confirmatory tests on approximately 15% of vehicles submitted for certification. Confirmatory data on engines is associated with its corresponding submission data to verify the accuracy of manufacturer submission beyond standard business rules.Section 209 of the 1990 Amendments to the Clea

  3. 3D Imaging of Density Gradients Using Plenoptic BOS

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Klemkowsky, Jenna; Clifford, Chris; Fahringer, Timothy; Thurow, Brian

    2016-11-01

    The combination of background oriented schlieren (BOS) and a plenoptic camera, termed Plenoptic BOS, is explored through two proof-of-concept experiments. The motivation of this work is to provide a 3D technique capable of observing density disturbances. BOS uses the relationship between density and refractive index gradients to observe an apparent shift in a patterned background through image comparison. Conventional BOS systems acquire a single line-of-sight measurement, and require complex configurations to obtain 3D measurements, which are not always conducive to experimental facilities. Plenoptic BOS exploits the plenoptic camera's ability to generate multiple perspective views and refocused images from a single raw plenoptic image during post processing. Using such capabilities, with regards to BOS, provides multiple line-of-sight measurements of density disturbances, which can be collectively used to generate refocused BOS images. Such refocused images allow the position of density disturbances to be qualitatively and quantitatively determined. The image that provides the sharpest density gradient signature corresponds to a specific depth. These results offer motivation to advance Plenoptic BOS with an ultimate goal of reconstructing a 3D density field.

  4. 40 CFR 79.4 - Requirement of registration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) in a research, development, or test status; (ii) sold to automobile, engine, or component manufacturers for research, development, or test purposes; or (iii) sold to automobile manufacturers for factory... research, development, or test status or (ii) sold to petroleum, automobile, engine, or component...

  5. 40 CFR 79.4 - Requirement of registration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ...) in a research, development, or test status; (ii) sold to automobile, engine, or component manufacturers for research, development, or test purposes; or (iii) sold to automobile manufacturers for factory... research, development, or test status or (ii) sold to petroleum, automobile, engine, or component...

  6. 40 CFR 79.4 - Requirement of registration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ...) in a research, development, or test status; (ii) sold to automobile, engine, or component manufacturers for research, development, or test purposes; or (iii) sold to automobile manufacturers for factory... research, development, or test status or (ii) sold to petroleum, automobile, engine, or component...

  7. 40 CFR 79.4 - Requirement of registration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ...) in a research, development, or test status; (ii) sold to automobile, engine, or component manufacturers for research, development, or test purposes; or (iii) sold to automobile manufacturers for factory... research, development, or test status or (ii) sold to petroleum, automobile, engine, or component...

  8. 40 CFR 79.4 - Requirement of registration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) in a research, development, or test status; (ii) sold to automobile, engine, or component manufacturers for research, development, or test purposes; or (iii) sold to automobile manufacturers for factory... research, development, or test status or (ii) sold to petroleum, automobile, engine, or component...

  9. Recent developments in turbomachinery component materials and manufacturing challenges for aero engine applications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Srinivas, G.; Raghunandana, K.; Satish Shenoy, B.

    2018-02-01

    In the recent years the development of turbomachinery materials performance enhancement plays a vital role especially in aircraft air breathing engines like turbojet engine, turboprop engine, turboshaft engine and turbofan engines. Especially the transonic flow engines required highly sophisticated materials where it can sustain the entire thrust which can create by the engine. The main objective of this paper is to give an overview of the present cost-effective and technological capabilities process for turbomachinery component materials. Especially the main focus is given to study the Electro physical, Photonic additive removal process and Electro chemical process for turbomachinery parts manufacture. The aeronautical propulsion based technologies are reviewed thoroughly where in surface reliability, geometrical precession, and material removal and highly strengthened composite material deposition rates usually difficult to cut dedicated steels, Titanium and Nickel based alloys. In this paper the past aeronautical and propulsion mechanical based manufacturing technologies, current sophisticated technologies and also future challenging material processing techniques are covered. The paper also focuses on the brief description of turbomachinery components of shaping process and coating in aeromechanical applications.

  10. Delivering Mass-Produced Bespoke and Appealing Products

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Childs, Thomas Hc; Dalgarno, Kenneth W.; McKay, Alison

    The bottleneck in introducing successful new products quickly to market is moving from factory floor manufacturing to the product design process and interfaces between designers, manufacturers and users. ‘Quality’, for products that contact people, has moved beyond functionality and usability to satisfying people’s subjective and emotional lifestyle needs. Affective (kansei) engineering design offers approaches that can be used to bring the emotional responses of consumers into the design process. In parallel, mass customisation promises the delivery of mass-produced bespoke products to individual users. Together, affective engineering and mass customisation are having a dramatic impact on the ways in which designers, engineers and manufacturers interact with each other. The challenge for leading edge manufacture is to create new product opportunities through integration of and new developments in technology, systems and design.

  11. [A strategy of constructing the technological system for quality control of Chinese medicine based on process control and management].

    PubMed

    Cheng, Yi-Yu; Qian, Zhong-Zhi; Zhang, Bo-Li

    2017-01-01

    The current situation, bottleneck problems and severe challenges in quality control technology of Chinese Medicine (CM) are briefly described. It is presented to change the phenomenon related to the post-test as the main means and contempt for process control in drug regulation, reverse the situation of neglecting the development of process control and management technology for pharmaceutical manufacture and reconstruct the technological system for quality control of CM products. The regulation and technology system based on process control and management for controlling CM quality should be established to solve weighty realistic problems of CM industry from the root causes, including backwardness of quality control technology, weakness of quality risk control measures, poor reputation of product quality and so on. By this way, the obstacles from poor controllability of CM product quality could be broken. Concentrating on those difficult problems and weak links in the technical field of CM quality control, it is proposed to build CMC (Chemistry, Manufacturing and Controls) regulation for CM products with Chinese characteristics and promote the regulation international recognition as soon as possible. The CMC technical framework, which is clinical efficacy-oriented, manufacturing manner-centered and process control-focused, was designed. To address the clinical characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the production feature of CM manufacture, it is suggested to establish quality control engineering for CM manufacturing by integrating pharmaceutical analysis, TCM chemistry, TCM pharmacology, pharmaceutical engineering, control engineering, management engineering and other disciplines. Further, a theoretical model of quality control engineering for CM manufacturing and the methodology of digital pharmaceutical engineering are proposed. A technology pathway for promoting CM standard and realizing the strategic goal of CM internationalization is elaborated. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

  12. The reliability-quality relationship for quality systems and quality risk management.

    PubMed

    Claycamp, H Gregg; Rahaman, Faiad; Urban, Jason M

    2012-01-01

    Engineering reliability typically refers to the probability that a system, or any of its components, will perform a required function for a stated period of time and under specified operating conditions. As such, reliability is inextricably linked with time-dependent quality concepts, such as maintaining a state of control and predicting the chances of losses from failures for quality risk management. Two popular current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) and quality risk management tools, failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) and root cause analysis (RCA) are examples of engineering reliability evaluations that link reliability with quality and risk. Current concepts in pharmaceutical quality and quality management systems call for more predictive systems for maintaining quality; yet, the current pharmaceutical manufacturing literature and guidelines are curiously silent on engineering quality. This commentary discusses the meaning of engineering reliability while linking the concept to quality systems and quality risk management. The essay also discusses the difference between engineering reliability and statistical (assay) reliability. The assurance of quality in a pharmaceutical product is no longer measured only "after the fact" of manufacturing. Rather, concepts of quality systems and quality risk management call for designing quality assurance into all stages of the pharmaceutical product life cycle. Interestingly, most assays for quality are essentially static and inform product quality over the life cycle only by being repeated over time. Engineering process reliability is the fundamental concept that is meant to anticipate quality failures over the life cycle of the product. Reliability is a well-developed theory and practice for other types of manufactured products and manufacturing processes. Thus, it is well known to be an appropriate index of manufactured product quality. This essay discusses the meaning of reliability and its linkages with quality systems and quality risk management.

  13. Design, Materials, and Mechanobiology of Biodegradable Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

    PubMed Central

    Velasco, Marco A.; Narváez-Tovar, Carlos A.; Garzón-Alvarado, Diego A.

    2015-01-01

    A review about design, manufacture, and mechanobiology of biodegradable scaffolds for bone tissue engineering is given. First, fundamental aspects about bone tissue engineering and considerations related to scaffold design are established. Second, issues related to scaffold biomaterials and manufacturing processes are discussed. Finally, mechanobiology of bone tissue and computational models developed for simulating how bone healing occurs inside a scaffold are described. PMID:25883972

  14. 49 CFR 534.2 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... manufacturers of passenger automobiles, light trucks, heavy-duty vehicles and the engines manufactured for use.... This part applies to manufacturers of passenger automobiles and non-passenger automobiles. Effective...

  15. 49 CFR 534.4 - Successors and predecessors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... manufacturer during a model year, all of the vehicles or engines produced by those manufacturers during the...)(1) For passenger automobiles and light trucks, fuel economy credits earned by a predecessor before...-duty vehicles and heavy-duty vehicle engines, available fuel consumption credits earned by a...

  16. 40 CFR 86.1825-01 - Durability demonstration procedures for refueling emissions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... shall use good engineering judgment in determining this process. (a) Service accumulation method. (1.... The manufacturer shall use good engineering judgement in developing this method. (2) The manufacturers... programs, all emission control components and systems (including both hardware and software) must be...

  17. Refocused linewidths less than 10 Hz in 1H solid-state NMR.

    PubMed

    Paruzzo, Federico M; Stevanato, Gabriele; Halse, Meghan E; Schlagnitweit, Judith; Mammoli, Daniele; Lesage, Anne; Emsley, Lyndon

    2018-06-02

    Coherence lifetimes in homonuclear dipolar decoupled 1 H solid-state NMR experiments are usually on the order of a few ms. We discover an oscillation that limits the lifetime of the coherences by recording spin-echo dephasing curves. We find that this oscillation can be removed by the application of a double spin-echo experiment, leading to coherence lifetimes of more than 45 ms in adamantane and more that 22 ms in β-AspAla, corresponding to refocused linewidths of less than 7 and 14 Hz respectively. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  18. Engineering aspects of rate-related processes in food manufacturing.

    PubMed

    Adachi, Shuji

    2015-01-01

    Many rate-related phenomena occur in food manufacturing processes. This review addresses four of them, all of which are topics that the author has studied in order to design food manufacturing processes that are favorable from the standpoint of food engineering. They include chromatographic separation through continuous separation with a simulated moving adsorber, lipid oxidation kinetics in emulsions and microencapsulated systems, kinetic analysis and extraction in subcritical water, and water migration in pasta.

  19. Virtual modelling of components of a production system as the tool of lean engineering

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Monica, Z.

    2015-11-01

    Between the most effective techniques of manufacturing management is considered the Lean Engineering. The term “lean engineering” was created by Japanese manufacturers. The high efficiency of this method resulted in a meaningful growth in concern in the philosophy of Lean among European companies, and consequently the use of its European markets. Lean philosophy is an approach to manufacturing to minimize the use of all resources, including time. These are resources that are used in the company for a variety of activities. This implies, first identify and then eliminate activities which does not generate added value in the field of design, manufacturing, supply chain management, and customer relations. The producers of these principles not only employ teams multi-professional employees at all levels of the organization, but also use a more automated machines to produce large quantities of products with a high degree of diversity. Lean Engineering is to use a number of principles and practical guidelines that allow you to reduce costs by eliminating absolute extravagance, and also simplification of all manufacturing processes and maintenance. Nowadays it could be applied the powerful engineering programs to realize the concept of Lean Engineering. They could be described using the term CAD/CAM/CAE. They consist of completely different packages for both the design of elements, as well process design. Their common feature is generally considered with their application area. They are used for computer programs assisting the design, development and manufacturing phases of a manufacturing process. The idea of the presented work is to use the Siemens NX software for aiding the process of Lean Engineering system creating. The investigated system is a robotized workcell. In the NX system are created the components of the designed workcell such as machine tools, as industrial robot, as conveyors and buffers. The system let to functionally link these components to simulate the work process and to introduce the rules of Lean Engineering. The purpose is also to determine the rules of Lean designing in such advanced design and simulation environments.

  20. Antibody therapy for acute myeloid leukaemia.

    PubMed

    Gasiorowski, Robin E; Clark, Georgina J; Bradstock, Kenneth; Hart, Derek N J

    2014-02-01

    Novel therapies with increased efficacy and decreased toxicity are desperately needed for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). The anti CD33 immunoconjugate, gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO), was withdrawn with concerns over induction mortality and lack of efficacy. However a number of recent trials suggest that, particularly in AML with favourable cytogenetics, GO may improve overall survival. This data and the development of alternative novel monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have renewed interest in the area. Leukaemic stem cells (LSC) are identified as the subset of AML blasts that reproduces the leukaemic phenotype upon transplantation into immunosuppressed mice. AML relapse may be caused by chemoresistant LSC and this has refocused interest on identifying and targeting antigens specific for LSC. Several mAb have been developed that target LSC effectively in xenogeneic models but only a few have begun clinical evaluation. Antibody engineering may improve the activity of potential new therapeutics for AML. The encouraging results seen with bispecific T cell-engaging mAb-based molecules against CD19 in the treatment of B-cell acute lymphobalstic leukaemia, highlight the potential efficacy of engineered antibodies in the treatment of acute leukaemia. Potent engineered mAb, possibly targeting novel LSC antigens, offer hope for improving the current poor prognosis for AML. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  1. Engine Lubricant

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1993-01-01

    PS 212, a plasma-sprayed coating developed by NASA, is used to coat valves in a new rotorcam engine. The coating eliminates the need for a liquid lubricant in the rotorcam, which has no crankshaft, flywheel, distributor or water pump. Developed by Murray United Development Corporation, it is a rotary engine only 10 inches long with four cylinders radiating outward from a central axle. Company officials say the engine will be lighter, more compact and cheaper to manufacture than current engines and will feature cleaner exhaust emissions. A licensing arrangement with a manufacturer is under negotiation. Primary applications are for automobiles, but the engine may also be used in light aircraft.

  2. Abradable compressor and turbine seals, volume 1. [for turbofan engines

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sundberg, D. V.; Dennis, R. E.; Hurst, L. G.

    1979-01-01

    The application and advantages of abradable coatings as gas-path seals in a general aviation turbine engine were evaluated for use on the high-pressure compressor, the high-pressure turbine, and the low-pressure turbine shrouds. Topics covered include: (1) the initial selection of candidate materials for interim full-scale engine testing; (2) interim engine testing of the initially selected materials and additional candidate materials; (3) the design of the component required to adapt the hardware to permit full-scale engine testing of the most promising materials; (4) finalization of the fabrication methods used in the manufacture of engine test hardware; and (5) the manufacture of the hardware necessary to support the final full-scale engine tests.

  3. 40 CFR 86.016-1 - General applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... solar-powered vehicles. Use good engineering judgment to apply these requirements to these vehicles... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for... the manufacturer satisfies the requirements of § 86.007-23(f). (3) When a manufacturer chooses to use...

  4. 40 CFR 86.016-1 - General applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... solar-powered vehicles. Use good engineering judgment to apply these requirements to these vehicles... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES General Provisions for... the manufacturer satisfies the requirements of § 86.007-23(f). (3) When a manufacturer chooses to use...

  5. 49 CFR 534.4 - Successors and predecessors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... engines produced by those manufacturers during the model year are treated as though they were manufactured... was not the successor for the preceding model year. (c)(1) For passenger automobiles and light trucks... restriction on carrying credits backward. (2) For heavy-duty vehicles and heavy-duty vehicle engines...

  6. 49 CFR 534.4 - Successors and predecessors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... engines produced by those manufacturers during the model year are treated as though they were manufactured... was not the successor for the preceding model year. (c)(1) For passenger automobiles and light trucks... restriction on carrying credits backward. (2) For heavy-duty vehicles and heavy-duty vehicle engines...

  7. 49 CFR 534.4 - Successors and predecessors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... engines produced by those manufacturers during the model year are treated as though they were manufactured... was not the successor for the preceding model year. (c)(1) For passenger automobiles and light trucks... restriction on carrying credits backward. (2) For heavy-duty vehicles and heavy-duty vehicle engines...

  8. 40 CFR 86.1825-01 - Durability demonstration procedures for refueling emissions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... life. The manufacturer shall use good engineering judgment in determining this process. (a) Service... full useful life. The manufacturer shall use good engineering judgement in developing this method. (2... accumulation programs, all emission control components and systems (including both hardware and software) must...

  9. 40 CFR 86.1825-01 - Durability demonstration procedures for refueling emissions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... life. The manufacturer shall use good engineering judgment in determining this process. (a) Service... full useful life. The manufacturer shall use good engineering judgement in developing this method. (2... accumulation programs, all emission control components and systems (including both hardware and software) must...

  10. 40 CFR 86.1825-01 - Durability demonstration procedures for refueling emissions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... life. The manufacturer shall use good engineering judgment in determining this process. (a) Service... full useful life. The manufacturer shall use good engineering judgement in developing this method. (2... accumulation programs, all emission control components and systems (including both hardware and software) must...

  11. 14 CFR 34.21 - Standards for exhaust emissions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... after January 1, 1976, shall not exceed SN = 83.6 (rO) −0.274 (rO is in kN). (c) Exhaust emission of... output: (i) Engines manufactured on or after January 1, 1984: Hydrocarbons: 19.6 g/kN rO. (ii) Engines manufactured on or after July 7, 1997: Carbon Monoxide: 118 g/kN rO. (iii) Engines of a type or model of which...

  12. 14 CFR 34.21 - Standards for exhaust emissions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... after January 1, 1976, shall not exceed SN = 83.6 (rO) −0.274 (rO is in kN). (c) Exhaust emission of... output: (i) Engines manufactured on or after January 1, 1984: Hydrocarbons: 19.6 g/kN rO. (ii) Engines manufactured on or after July 7, 1997: Carbon Monoxide: 118 g/kN rO. (iii) Engines of a type or model of which...

  13. 40 CFR 1054.625 - What requirements apply under the Transition Program for Equipment Manufacturers?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... if you have primary responsibility for designing and manufacturing equipment and your manufacturing... specifically to companies that manufacture equipment outside the United States and to companies that import such equipment without manufacturing it. Engines and equipment you produce under this section are...

  14. The McBride Honors Program in Public Affairs for Scientists and Engineers

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Harrison, W. J.; Miller, R. L.; Olds, B. M.; Sacks, A. B.

    2006-12-01

    The McBride Honors Program in Public Affairs at The Colorado School of Mines (CSM), instituted in 1978, is an award-winning exemplar in the liberal arts which provides a select number of CSM engineering students an opportunity to cross the boundaries of their technical expertise in engineering and applied science, and to gain the understanding and appreciation of the contexts in which engineering and applied science and all human systems reside, and specifically to explore and integrate the social, cultural, ethical and environmental implications of their future professional judgments and their roles as citizens in varied and complex settings. The 27 semester-hour program of seminars, courses, and off-campus activities features small seminars; a cross-disciplinary approach; and opportunities for one-on-one faculty tutorials, instruction and practice in oral and written communication, a Washington, D.C. public policy seminar, a practicum experience (internship or foreign study). Circumstances external to the McBride Program itself, which include the development and growth of the field of Public Affairs nationally and the persistence of legacy courses, have created the need to revitalize and refocus the historically cross-departmental Program. A recent curriculum reform effort has achieved a more thoroughly interdisciplinary learning experience to educate engineers and scientists who, as called for in the National Academy of Engineering's The Engineer of 2020 "will assume leadership positions from which they can serve as positive influences in the making of public policy and in the administration of government and industry". In this presentation we showcase best practices in curriculum reform, exemplified by a seminar in National policy analysis where students and faculty have recently investigated federal science funding decisions in support of natural hazards including earthquakes, tsunamis, wildland fires, and pandemic disease.

  15. Precision manufacturing for clinical-quality regenerative medicines.

    PubMed

    Williams, David J; Thomas, Robert J; Hourd, Paul C; Chandra, Amit; Ratcliffe, Elizabeth; Liu, Yang; Rayment, Erin A; Archer, J Richard

    2012-08-28

    Innovations in engineering applied to healthcare make a significant difference to people's lives. Market growth is guaranteed by demographics. Regulation and requirements for good manufacturing practice-extreme levels of repeatability and reliability-demand high-precision process and measurement solutions. Emerging technologies using living biological materials add complexity. This paper presents some results of work demonstrating the precision automated manufacture of living materials, particularly the expansion of populations of human stem cells for therapeutic use as regenerative medicines. The paper also describes quality engineering techniques for precision process design and improvement, and identifies the requirements for manufacturing technology and measurement systems evolution for such therapies.

  16. The Study on Collaborative Manufacturing Platform Based on Agent

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Xiao-yan; Qu, Zheng-geng

    To fulfill the trends of knowledge-intensive in collaborative manufacturing development, we have described multi agent architecture supporting knowledge-based platform of collaborative manufacturing development platform. In virtue of wrapper service and communication capacity agents provided, the proposed architecture facilitates organization and collaboration of multi-disciplinary individuals and tools. By effectively supporting the formal representation, capture, retrieval and reuse of manufacturing knowledge, the generalized knowledge repository based on ontology library enable engineers to meaningfully exchange information and pass knowledge across boundaries. Intelligent agent technology increases traditional KBE systems efficiency and interoperability and provides comprehensive design environments for engineers.

  17. Engineering of mechanical manufacturing from the cradle to cradle

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Peralta, M. E.; Aguayo, F.; Lama, J. R.

    2012-04-01

    The sustainability of manufacturing processes lies in industrial planning and productive activity. Industrial plants are characterized by the management of resource (inputs and outputs), processing and conversion processes, which usually are organized in a linear system. Good planning will optimize the manufacturing and promoting the quality of the industrial system. Cradle to Cradle is a new paradigm for engineering and sustainable manufacturing that integrates projects (industrial parks, manufacturing plants, systems and products) in a framework consistent with the environment, adapted to the society and technology and economically viable. To carry it out, we implement this paradigm in the MGE2 (Genomic Model of Eco-innovation and Eco-design), as a methodology for designing and developing products and manufacturing systems with an approach from the cradle to cradle.

  18. Mortality among hourly motor vehicle manufacturing workers.

    PubMed

    Delzell, Elizabeth; Brown, David A; Matthews, Robert

    2003-08-01

    We evaluated mortality among 198,245 motor vehicle industry workers during the period of 1973 to 1995. Workers' mortality rates were lower than expected overall (40,131 observed/43,859 expected deaths, standardized mortality ratio [SMR] = 92, CI = 91-92) and for all major cause of death categories except cancer (SMR = 100, CI = 98-102). Mortality rates were higher than expected for lung cancer overall (SMR = 110, CI = 107-113) and among employees in transmission/gear manufacturing (SMR = 121, CI = 112-130), casting operations (SMR = 122, CI = 110-135), engine manufacturing (SMR = 111, CI = 101-123), and vehicle assembly (SMR = 111, CI = 105-117); for stomach cancer in engine manufacturing (SMR = 147, CI = 110-192); and for prostate cancer in casting operations (SMR = 128, CI = 102-158). Excesses of lung cancer in transmission, vehicle assembly, and casting operations and of stomach cancer in engine manufacturing have been observed in other investigations. Further information on employees' occupational exposures and personal attributes is required to clarify the interpretation of these results.

  19. Third annual symposium on Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on leading edge engineering from the 1997 NAE symposium

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hunziker, Janet

    1998-06-01

    This book is the third publication highlighting the presentations of the National Academy of Engineering's (NAE) symposium series, Frontiers of Engineering. The Third Annual NAE Symposium on Frontiers of Engineering was held September 18-20, 1997, at the Beckman Center in Irvine, California. The 101 emerging engineering leaders from industry, academia, and federal laboratories who attended the meeting heard presentations and discussed pioneering research and technical work in a variety of engineering fields. Symposium speakers were asked to prepare extended abstracts of their presentations, and those papers are contained herein. Fifteen papers are organized under the following five headings: biomechanics, sensorsmore » and control for manufacturing processes, safety and security issues, decision-making tools for design and manufacturing, and intelligent transportation systems. Talks focused on such topics as implant design and technology, design and application of optical fiber sensors, quadrupole resonance explosive detection systems, multicriteria evaluation of manufacturing performance, and automated highway systems. The after-dinner speech, which focused on today's rapid pace of change, is also included.« less

  20. 29 CFR 1919.77 - Safe working load increase.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... or original design limitations unless such increase meets with the manufacturer's approval. Where the manufacturer's services are not available, or where the equipment is of foreign manufacture, engineering design...

  1. Additive Manufacturing Design Considerations for Liquid Engine Components

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Whitten, Dave; Hissam, Andy; Baker, Kevin; Rice, Darron

    2014-01-01

    The Marshall Space Flight Center's Propulsion Systems Department has gained significant experience in the last year designing, building, and testing liquid engine components using additive manufacturing. The department has developed valve, duct, turbo-machinery, and combustion device components using this technology. Many valuable lessons were learned during this process. These lessons will be the focus of this presentation. We will present criteria for selecting part candidates for additive manufacturing. Some part characteristics are 'tailor made' for this process. Selecting the right parts for the process is the first step to maximizing productivity gains. We will also present specific lessons we learned about feature geometry that can and cannot be produced using additive manufacturing machines. Most liquid engine components were made using a two-step process. The base part was made using additive manufacturing and then traditional machining processes were used to produce the final part. The presentation will describe design accommodations needed to make the base part and lessons we learned about which features could be built directly and which require the final machine process. Tolerance capabilities, surface finish, and material thickness allowances will also be covered. Additive Manufacturing can produce internal passages that cannot be made using traditional approaches. It can also eliminate a significant amount of manpower by reducing part count and leveraging model-based design and analysis techniques. Information will be shared about performance enhancements and design efficiencies we experienced for certain categories of engine parts.

  2. 40 CFR 90.206 - Trading.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Trading. 90.206 Section 90.206... Trading Provisions § 90.206 Trading. (a) An engine manufacturer may exchange emission credits with other engine manufacturers in trading, subject to the trading restriction specified in § 90.207(c)(2). (b...

  3. 40 CFR 1045.635 - What special provisions apply for small-volume engine manufacturers?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 34 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What special provisions apply for small-volume engine manufacturers? 1045.635 Section 1045.635 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM SPARK-IGNITION PROPULSION...

  4. 40 CFR 1045.635 - What special provisions apply for small-volume engine manufacturers?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 34 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What special provisions apply for small-volume engine manufacturers? 1045.635 Section 1045.635 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM SPARK-IGNITION PROPULSION...

  5. 40 CFR 1045.635 - What special provisions apply for small-volume engine manufacturers?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What special provisions apply for small-volume engine manufacturers? 1045.635 Section 1045.635 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM SPARK-IGNITION PROPULSION...

  6. 40 CFR 1045.635 - What special provisions apply for small-volume engine manufacturers?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 33 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What special provisions apply for small-volume engine manufacturers? 1045.635 Section 1045.635 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM SPARK-IGNITION PROPULSION...

  7. 40 CFR 86.1830-01 - Acceptance of vehicles for emission testing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... tolerance range. The manufacturer will determine which components affect emissions using good engineering... hardware and software must be installed and operational during all mileage accumulation after the 5000-mile... representativeness of the emission results will not be affected. Manufacturers shall use good engineering judgment in...

  8. 40 CFR 86.1824-01 - Durability demonstration procedures for evaporative emissions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... over their full useful life. The manufacturer shall use good engineering judgment in determining this... actual use over its full useful life. The manufacturer shall use good engineering judgement in developing... hardware and software) must be installed and operating for the entire mileage accumulation period. (ii...

  9. 40 CFR 86.1824-01 - Durability demonstration procedures for evaporative emissions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... over their full useful life. The manufacturer shall use good engineering judgment in determining this... actual use over its full useful life. The manufacturer shall use good engineering judgement in developing... hardware and software) must be installed and operating for the entire mileage accumulation period. (ii...

  10. 40 CFR 86.1824-01 - Durability demonstration procedures for evaporative emissions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... their full useful life. The manufacturer shall use good engineering judgment in determining this process... actual use over its full useful life. The manufacturer shall use good engineering judgement in developing... hardware and software) must be installed and operating for the entire mileage accumulation period. (ii...

  11. 40 CFR 91.1103 - Prohibited acts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... case of a manufacturer of new marine SI engines or vessels for distribution in commerce, the sale, the offering for sale, or the introduction, or delivery for introduction, into commerce, of any new marine SI... deliver into commerce, a marine SI engine unless the manufacturer has complied with the requirements of...

  12. 40 CFR 1045.635 - What special provisions apply for small-volume engine manufacturers?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 33 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What special provisions apply for small-volume engine manufacturers? 1045.635 Section 1045.635 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM SPARK-IGNITION PROPULSION...

  13. 40 CFR 90.206 - Trading.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2014-07-01 2013-07-01 true Trading. 90.206 Section 90.206... Trading Provisions § 90.206 Trading. (a) An engine manufacturer may exchange emission credits with other engine manufacturers in trading, subject to the trading restriction specified in § 90.207(c)(2). (b...

  14. 40 CFR 90.206 - Trading.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Trading. 90.206 Section 90.206... Trading Provisions § 90.206 Trading. (a) An engine manufacturer may exchange emission credits with other engine manufacturers in trading, subject to the trading restriction specified in § 90.207(c)(2). (b...

  15. 40 CFR 90.206 - Trading.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Trading. 90.206 Section 90.206... Trading Provisions § 90.206 Trading. (a) An engine manufacturer may exchange emission credits with other engine manufacturers in trading, subject to the trading restriction specified in § 90.207(c)(2). (b...

  16. 40 CFR 90.206 - Trading.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Trading. 90.206 Section 90.206... Trading Provisions § 90.206 Trading. (a) An engine manufacturer may exchange emission credits with other engine manufacturers in trading, subject to the trading restriction specified in § 90.207(c)(2). (b...

  17. 40 CFR 1033.625 - Special certification provisions for non-locomotive-specific engines.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... name of the engine manufacturer and engine family identifier for the engines. (ii) A brief engineering... proprietary engine software. Note that this allowance to separately submit some of the information required by...

  18. 40 CFR 1033.625 - Special certification provisions for non-locomotive-specific engines.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... name of the engine manufacturer and engine family identifier for the engines. (ii) A brief engineering... proprietary engine software. Note that this allowance to separately submit some of the information required by...

  19. 40 CFR 1033.625 - Special certification provisions for non-locomotive-specific engines.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... name of the engine manufacturer and engine family identifier for the engines. (ii) A brief engineering... proprietary engine software. Note that this allowance to separately submit some of the information required by...

  20. Cost estimating Brayton and Stirling engines

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Fortgang, H. R.

    1980-01-01

    Brayton and Stirling engines were analyzed for cost and selling price for production quantities ranging from 1000 to 400,000 units per year. Parts and components were subjected to indepth scrutiny to determine optimum manufacturing processes coupled with make or buy decisions on materials and small parts. Tooling and capital equipment costs were estimated for each detail and/or assembly. For low annual production volumes, the Brayton engine appears to have a lower cost and selling price than the Stirling Engine. As annual production quantities increase, the Stirling becomes a lower cost engine than the Brayton. Both engines could benefit cost wise if changes were made in materials, design and manufacturing process as annual production quantities increase.

  1. Case studies of pre-engineered and manufactured sound isolation rooms for music practice and radio broadcast

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Probst, Ron N.; Rypka, Dann

    2005-09-01

    Pre-engineered and manufactured sound isolation rooms were developed to ensure guaranteed sound isolation while offering the unique ability to be disassembled and relocated without loss of acoustic performance. Case studies of pre-engineered sound isolation rooms used for music practice and various radio broadcast purposes are highlighted. Three prominent universities wrestle with the challenges of growth and expansion while responding to the specialized acoustic requirements of these spaces. Reduced state funding for universities requires close examination of all options while ensuring sound isolation requirements are achieved. Changing curriculum, renovation, and new construction make pre-engineered and manufactured rooms with guaranteed acoustical performance good investments now and for the future. An added benefit is the optional integration of active acoustics to provide simulations of other spaces or venues along with the benefit of sound isolation.

  2. Employment Opportunities for the Handicapped in Programmable Automation.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Swift, Richard; Leneway, Robert

    A Computer Integrated Manufacturing System may make it possible for severely disabled people to custom design, machine, and manufacture either wood or metal parts. Programmable automation merges computer aided design, computer aided manufacturing, computer aided engineering, and computer integrated manufacturing systems with automated production…

  3. PREFACE: Trends in Aerospace Manufacturing 2009 International Conference

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ridgway, Keith; Gault, Rosemary; Allen, Adrian

    2011-12-01

    The aerospace industry is rapidly changing. New aircraft structures are being developed and aero-engines are becoming lighter and more environmentally friendly. In both areas, innovative materials and manufacturing methods are used in an attempt to get maximum performance for minimum cost. At the same time, the structure of the industry has changed and there has been a move from large companies designing, manufacturing components and assembling aircraft to one of large global supply chains headed by large system integrators. All these changes have forced engineers and managers to bring in innovations in design, materials, manufacturing technologies and supply chain management. In September 2009, the Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (AMRC) at the University of Sheffield held the inaugural Trends in Aerospace Manufacturing conference (TRAM09). This brought together 28 speakers over two days, who presented in sessions on advanced manufacturing trends for the aerospace sector. Areas covered included new materials, including composites, advanced machining, state of the art additive manufacturing techniques, assembly and supply chain issues.

  4. Bioprinting: an assessment based on manufacturing readiness levels.

    PubMed

    Wu, Changsheng; Wang, Ben; Zhang, Chuck; Wysk, Richard A; Chen, Yi-Wen

    2017-05-01

    Over the last decade, bioprinting has emerged as a promising technology in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. With recent advances in additive manufacturing, bioprinting is poised to provide patient-specific therapies and new approaches for tissue and organ studies, drug discoveries and even food manufacturing. Manufacturing Readiness Level (MRL) is a method that has been applied to assess manufacturing maturity and to identify risks and gaps in technology-manufacturing transitions. Technology Readiness Level (TRL) is used to evaluate the maturity of a technology. This paper reviews recent advances in bioprinting following the MRL scheme and addresses corresponding MRL levels of engineering challenges and gaps associated with the translation of bioprinting from lab-bench experiments to ultimate full-scale manufacturing of tissues and organs. According to our step-by-step TRL and MRL assessment, after years of rigorous investigation by the biotechnology community, bioprinting is on the cusp of entering the translational phase where laboratory research practices can be scaled up into manufacturing products specifically designed for individual patients.

  5. Contact Us

    Science.gov Websites

    SRC Engineering Research Center for Environmentally Benign Semiconductor Manufacturing (ERC ) ** Bringing Sustainability to Semiconductor Manufacturing ** A multi-university research center leading the way to environmentally friendly semiconductor manufacturing, sponsored by the Semiconductor Research

  6. 40 CFR 86.094-14 - Small-volume manufacturers certification procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... vehicles (or engines) covered by the certificate (the manufacturers' sales data book or advertising... Administrator shall notify the manufacturer in writing of his intention to deny certification, setting forth the...

  7. 40 CFR 86.094-14 - Small-volume manufacturers certification procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    .... The manufacturer shall select one emission data engine based on the highest fuel feed per stroke... service accumulation time determined by the manufacturer to result in stabilized emissions. The emission...

  8. Nanomanufacturing-related programs at NSF

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cooper, Khershed P.

    2015-08-01

    The National Science Foundation is meeting the challenge of transitioning lab-scale nanoscience and technology to commercial-scale through several nanomanufacturing-related research programs. The goal of the core Nanomanufacturing (NM) and the inter-disciplinary Scalable Nanomanufacturing (SNM) programs is to meet the barriers to manufacturability at the nano-scale by developing the fundamental principles for the manufacture of nanomaterials, nanostructures, nanodevices, and engineered nanosystems. These programs address issues such as scalability, reliability, quality, performance, yield, metrics, and cost, among others. The NM and SNM programs seek nano-scale manufacturing ideas that are transformative, that will be widely applicable and that will have far-reaching technological and societal impacts. It is envisioned that the results from these basic research programs will provide the knowledge base for larger programs such as the manufacturing Nanotechnology Science and Engineering Centers (NSECs) and the Nanosystems Engineering Research Centers (NERCs). Besides brief descriptions of these different programs, this paper will include discussions on novel

  9. High-speed light field camera and frequency division multiplexing for fast multi-plane velocity measurements.

    PubMed

    Fischer, Andreas; Kupsch, Christian; Gürtler, Johannes; Czarske, Jürgen

    2015-09-21

    Non-intrusive fast 3d measurements of volumetric velocity fields are necessary for understanding complex flows. Using high-speed cameras and spectroscopic measurement principles, where the Doppler frequency of scattered light is evaluated within the illuminated plane, each pixel allows one measurement and, thus, planar measurements with high data rates are possible. While scanning is one standard technique to add the third dimension, the volumetric data is not acquired simultaneously. In order to overcome this drawback, a high-speed light field camera is proposed for obtaining volumetric data with each single frame. The high-speed light field camera approach is applied to a Doppler global velocimeter with sinusoidal laser frequency modulation. As a result, a frequency multiplexing technique is required in addition to the plenoptic refocusing for eliminating the crosstalk between the measurement planes. However, the plenoptic refocusing is still necessary in order to achieve a large refocusing range for a high numerical aperture that minimizes the measurement uncertainty. Finally, two spatially separated measurement planes with 25×25 pixels each are simultaneously acquired with a measurement rate of 0.5 kHz with a single high-speed camera.

  10. Designing optimal universal pulses using second-order, large-scale, non-linear optimization

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Anand, Christopher Kumar; Bain, Alex D.; Curtis, Andrew Thomas; Nie, Zhenghua

    2012-06-01

    Recently, RF pulse design using first-order and quasi-second-order pulses has been actively investigated. We present a full second-order design method capable of incorporating relaxation, inhomogeneity in B0 and B1. Our model is formulated as a generic optimization problem making it easy to incorporate diverse pulse sequence features. To tame the computational cost, we present a method of calculating second derivatives in at most a constant multiple of the first derivative calculation time, this is further accelerated by using symbolic solutions of the Bloch equations. We illustrate the relative merits and performance of quasi-Newton and full second-order optimization with a series of examples, showing that even a pulse already optimized using other methods can be visibly improved. To be useful in CPMG experiments, a universal refocusing pulse should be independent of the delay time and insensitive of the relaxation time and RF inhomogeneity. We design such a pulse and show that, using it, we can obtain reliable R2 measurements for offsets within ±γB1. Finally, we compare our optimal refocusing pulse with other published refocusing pulses by doing CPMG experiments.

  11. Toward Mass Customization in the Age of Information: The Case for Open Engineering Systems

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Simpson, Timothy W.; Lautenschlager, Uwe; Mistree, Farrokh

    1997-01-01

    In the Industrial Era, manufacturers used "dedicated" engineering systems to mass produce their products. In today's increasingly competitive markets, the trend is toward mass customization, something that becomes increasingly feasible when modern information technologies are used to create open engineering systems. Our focus is on how designers can provide enhanced product flexibility and variety (if not fully customized products) through the development of open engineering systems. After presenting several industrial examples, we anchor our new systems philosophy with two real engineering applications. We believe that manufacturers who adopt open systems will achieve competitive advantage in the Information Age.

  12. 40 CFR 63.11621 - What are the standards for new and existing prepared feeds manufacturing facilities?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) of this section. (i) You must use either an industrial vacuum system or manual sweeping to reduce the... section. (i) Manufacturer specifications; (ii) Certification by a professional engineer or responsible... professional engineer or responsible official in accordance with paragraph (e)(1)(ii) of this section, this...

  13. Data management for Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bryant, W. A.; Smith, M. R.

    1984-01-01

    Analysis of data flow through the design and manufacturing processes has established specific information management requirements and identified unique problems. The application of data management technology to the engineering/manufacturing environment addresses these problems. An overview of the IPAD prototype data base management system, representing a partial solution to these problems, is presented here.

  14. Southern Pennsylvania's Industrial Pipeline: "Pathways" Program Helps Local Manufacturers Find Quality Workers

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dixon, John; Girifalco, Tony; Yakabosky, Walt

    2008-01-01

    This article describes the Applied Engineering Technology (AET) Career and Educational Pathways Program, which helps local manufacturers find quality workers. The program features 32 high schools, three community colleges, and 10 four-year institutions offering an integrated regional system of applied engineering education. The goal is to enroll…

  15. Aircraft Survivability. Susceptibility Reduction. Fall 2010

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-01-01

    limits flexibility when issues are encountered during development. Once a program enters Engineering, Manufacturing, and Development (EMD), the...using a flexible , efficient computational environment based on a credible set of components. Unfortunately, current survivability codes contain many...approach limits flexibility when issues are encountered during development. Once a program enters Engineering Manufacturing and Development (EMD), the

  16. Development and Deployment of the Purdue TAP Green Enterprise Development Program

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rogers, Ethan A.

    2013-01-01

    Purdue University--Mechanical, Engineering, and Technology (MET) faculty and Purdue Technical Assistance Program (TAP) staff partnered with the Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME) to create a new workforce training program and certificate exam in the field of green manufacturing. This article describes how the body of knowledge for the…

  17. Electronic Design Automation: Integrating the Design and Manufacturing Functions

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bachnak, Rafic; Salkowski, Charles

    1997-01-01

    As the complexity of electronic systems grows, the traditional design practice, a sequential process, is replaced by concurrent design methodologies. A major advantage of concurrent design is that the feedback from software and manufacturing engineers can be easily incorporated into the design. The implementation of concurrent engineering methodologies is greatly facilitated by employing the latest Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools. These tools offer integrated simulation of the electrical, mechanical, and manufacturing functions and support virtual prototyping, rapid prototyping, and hardware-software co-design. This report presents recommendations for enhancing the electronic design and manufacturing capabilities and procedures at JSC based on a concurrent design methodology that employs EDA tools.

  18. Advanced Subsonic Combustion Rig

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lee, Chi-Ming

    1998-01-01

    Researchers from the NASA Lewis Research Center have obtained the first combustion/emissions data under extreme future engine operating conditions. In Lewis' new world-class 60-atm combustor research facility--the Advanced Subsonic Combustion Rig (ASCR)--a flametube was used to conduct combustion experiments in environments as extreme as 900 psia and 3400 F. The greatest challenge for combustion researchers is the uncertainty of the effects of pressure on the formation of nitrogen oxides (NOx). Consequently, U.S. engine manufacturers are using these data to guide their future combustor designs. The flametube's metal housing has an inside diameter of 12 in. and a length of 10.5 in. The flametube can be used with a variety of different flow paths. Each flow path is lined with a high-temperature, castable refractory material (alumina) to minimize heat loss. Upstream of the flametube is the injector section, which has an inside diameter of 13 in. and a length of 0.5-in. It was designed to provide for quick changeovers. This flametube is being used to provide all U.S. engine manufacturers early assessments of advanced combustion concepts at full power conditions prior to engine production. To date, seven concepts from engine manufacturers have been evaluated and improved. This collaborated development can potentially give U.S. engine manufacturers the competitive advantage of being first in the market with advanced low-emission technologies.

  19. 49 CFR 565.22 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... the production period does not exceed 24 months. (k) Plant of manufacture means the plant where the... extent that those systems are to be part of the completed vehicle, that requires further manufacturing... applies to a group of vehicles or engines. (h) Manufacturer means a person— (1) Manufacturing or...

  20. Additive Manufacturing of Aerospace Propulsion Components

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Misra, Ajay K.; Grady, Joseph E.; Carter, Robert

    2015-01-01

    The presentation will provide an overview of ongoing activities on additive manufacturing of aerospace propulsion components, which included rocket propulsion and gas turbine engines. Future opportunities on additive manufacturing of hybrid electric propulsion components will be discussed.

  1. ERC Membership/Boards

    Science.gov Websites

    SRC Engineering Research Center for Environmentally Benign Semiconductor Manufacturing (ERC ) ** Bringing Sustainability to Semiconductor Manufacturing ** A multi-university research center leading the way to environmentally friendly semiconductor manufacturing, sponsored by the Semiconductor Research

  2. 40 CFR 1039.625 - What requirements apply under the program for equipment-manufacturer flexibility?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... in this section only if you have primary responsibility for designing and manufacturing equipment and... specifically to companies that manufacture equipment outside the United States and to companies that import such equipment without manufacturing it. Engines and equipment you produce under this section are...

  3. 76 FR 10396 - New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc., Formerly a Joint Venture of General Motors Corporation and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-24

    ... Manufacturing, Inc., Formerly a Joint Venture of General Motors Corporation and Toyota Motor Corporation, Including On- Site Leased Workers From Corestaff, ABM Janitorial, Toyota Engineering and Manufacturing North... Motor Manufacturing, Inc., formerly a joint venture of General Motors Corporation and Toyota Motor...

  4. 75 FR 62424 - New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc. Formerly a Joint Venture of General Motors Corporation and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-08

    ... Manufacturing, Inc. Formerly a Joint Venture of General Motors Corporation and Toyota Motor Corporation Including On- Site Leased Workers From Corestaff, ABM Janitorial, Toyota Engineering and Manufacturing North... Manufacturing, Inc., formerly a joint venture of General Motors Corporation and Toyota Motor Corporation...

  5. Product design for energy reduction in concurrent engineering: An Inverted Pyramid Approach

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Alkadi, Nasr M.

    Energy factors in product design in concurrent engineering (CE) are becoming an emerging dimension for several reasons; (a) the rising interest in "green design and manufacturing", (b) the national energy security concerns and the dramatic increase in energy prices, (c) the global competition in the marketplace and global climate change commitments including carbon tax and emission trading systems, and (d) the widespread recognition of the need for sustainable development. This research presents a methodology for the intervention of energy factors in concurrent engineering product development process to significantly reduce the manufacturing energy requirement. The work presented here is the first attempt at integrating the design for energy in concurrent engineering framework. It adds an important tool to the DFX toolbox for evaluation of the impact of design decisions on the product manufacturing energy requirement early during the design phase. The research hypothesis states that "Product Manufacturing Energy Requirement is a Function of Design Parameters". The hypothesis was tested by conducting experimental work in machining and heat treating that took place at the manufacturing lab of the Industrial and Management Systems Engineering Department (IMSE) at West Virginia University (WVU) and at a major U.S steel manufacturing plant, respectively. The objective of the machining experiment was to study the effect of changing specific product design parameters (Material type and diameter) and process design parameters (metal removal rate) on a gear head lathe input power requirement through performing defined sets of machining experiments. The objective of the heat treating experiment was to study the effect of varying product charging temperature on the fuel consumption of a walking beams reheat furnace. The experimental work in both directions have revealed important insights into energy utilization in machining and heat-treating processes and its variance based on product, process, and system design parameters. In depth evaluation to how the design and manufacturing normally happen in concurrent engineering provided a framework to develop energy system levels in machining within the concurrent engineering environment using the method of "Inverted Pyramid Approach", (IPA). The IPA features varying levels of output energy based information depending on the input design parameters that is available during each stage (level) of the product design. The experimental work, the in-depth evaluation of design and manufacturing in CE, and the developed energy system levels in machining provided a solid base for the development of the model for the design for energy reduction in CE. The model was used to analyze an example part where 12 evolving designs were thoroughly reviewed to investigate the sensitivity of energy to design parameters in machining. The model allowed product design teams to address manufacturing energy concerns early during the design stage. As a result, ranges for energy sensitive design parameters impacting product manufacturing energy consumption were found in earlier levels. As designer proceeds to deeper levels in the model, this range tightens and results in significant energy reductions.

  6. Materials, Processes and Manufacturing in Ares 1 Upper Stage: Integration with Systems Design and Development

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bhat, Biliyar N.

    2008-01-01

    Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle Upper Stage is designed and developed based on sound systems engineering principles. Systems Engineering starts with Concept of Operations and Mission requirements, which in turn determine the launch system architecture and its performance requirements. The Ares I-Upper Stage is designed and developed to meet these requirements. Designers depend on the support from materials, processes and manufacturing during the design, development and verification of subsystems and components. The requirements relative to reliability, safety, operability and availability are also dependent on materials availability, characterization, process maturation and vendor support. This paper discusses the roles and responsibilities of materials and manufacturing engineering during the various phases of Ares IUS development, including design and analysis, hardware development, test and verification. Emphasis is placed how materials, processes and manufacturing support is integrated over the Upper Stage Project, both horizontally and vertically. In addition, the paper describes the approach used to ensure compliance with materials, processes, and manufacturing requirements during the project cycle, with focus on hardware systems design and development.

  7. A kinetic modeling of chondrocyte culture for manufacture of tissue-engineered cartilage.

    PubMed

    Kino-Oka, Masahiro; Maeda, Yoshikatsu; Yamamoto, Takeyuki; Sugawara, Katsura; Taya, Masahito

    2005-03-01

    For repairing articular cartilage defects, innovative techniques based on tissue engineering have been developed and are now entering into the practical stage of clinical application by means of grafting in vitro cultured products. A variety of natural and artificial materials available for scaffolds, which permit chondrocyte cells to aggregate, have been designed for their ability to promote cell growth and differentiation. From the viewpoint of the manufacturing process for tissue-engineered cartilage, the diverse nature of raw materials (seeding cells) and end products (cultured cartilage) oblige us to design a tailor-made process with less reproducibility, which is an obstacle to establishing a production doctrine based on bioengineering knowledge concerning growth kinetics and modeling as well as designs of bioreactors and culture operations for certification of high product quality. In this article, we review the recent advances in the manufacturing of tissue-engineered cartilage. After outlining the manufacturing processes for tissue-engineered cartilage in the first section, the second and third sections, respectively, describe the three-dimensional culture of chondrocytes with Aterocollagen gel and kinetic model consideration as a tool for evaluating this culture process. In the final section, culture strategy is discussed in terms of the combined processes of monolayer growth (ex vivo chondrocyte cell expansion) and three-dimensional growth (construction of cultured cartilage in the gel).

  8. Survey of manufacturers of high-performance heat engines adaptable to solar applications

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Stine, W. B.

    1984-01-01

    The results of an industry survey made during the summer of 1983 are summarized. The survey was initiated in order to develop an information base on advanced engines that could be used in the solar thermal dish-electric program. Questionnaires inviting responses were sent to 39 companies known to manufacture or integrate externally heated engines. Follow-up telephone communication ensured uniformity of response. It appears from the survey that the technology exists to produce external-heat-addition engines of appropriate size with thermal efficiencies of over 40%. Problem areas are materials and sealing.

  9. 75 FR 32142 - Combustible Dust

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-07

    .... Contact Mat Chibbaro, P.E., Fire Protection Engineer, Office of Safety Systems, OSHA Directorate of..., and metals (such as aluminum and magnesium). Industries that may have combustible dust hazards include..., chemical manufacturing, textile manufacturing, furniture manufacturing, metal processing, fabricated metal...

  10. The Relationship of Aptitudes to the Performance of Skilled Technical Jobs in Engine Manufacturing. Technical Report 1982-5 [and Supplement].

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Daniel, Mark; And Others

    A study examined the relationship of aptitudes to the performance of skilled technical jobs in engine manufacturing. During the study, several approaches were utilized, including criterion-referenced validation, taxonomic validation, construct validation, and detailed anlaysis of the behaviors involved in performing the jobs. The study sample…

  11. Engineering Technology Programs Courses Guide for Computer Aided Design and Computer Aided Manufacturing.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Georgia Univ., Athens. Div. of Vocational Education.

    This guide describes the requirements for courses in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) that are part of engineering technology programs conducted in vocational-technical schools in Georgia. The guide is organized in five sections. The first section provides a rationale for occupations in design and in production,…

  12. 1301005

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2013-09-12

    MARSHALL CENTER DIRECTOR PATRICK SCHEUERMANN, RIGHT, DISCUSSES THE FINER POINTS OF USING ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TO BUILD ENGINE PARTS WITH DAVID EDDLEMAN, A COMPONENT ENGINEER WITH THE ENGINEERING DIRECTORATE, DURING INNOVATION & TECHNOLOGY DAY

  13. Overview of Additive Manufacturing Initiatives at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Clinton, R. G., Jr.

    2018-01-01

    NASA's In Space Manufacturing Initiative (ISM) includes: The case for ISM - why; ISM path to exploration - results from the 3D Printing In Zero-G Technology Demonstration - ISM challenges; In space Robotic Manufacturing and Assembly (IRMA); Additive construction. Additively Manufacturing (AM) development for liquid rocket engine space flight hardware. MSFC standard and specification for additively manufactured space flight hardware. Summary.

  14. 40 CFR 1039.140 - What is my engine's maximum engine power?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ...) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES... 1065, based on the manufacturer's design and production specifications for the engine. This information... power values for an engine are based on maximum engine power. For example, the group of engines with...

  15. 40 CFR 1039.140 - What is my engine's maximum engine power?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES... 1065, based on the manufacturer's design and production specifications for the engine. This information... power values for an engine are based on maximum engine power. For example, the group of engines with...

  16. 40 CFR 1039.140 - What is my engine's maximum engine power?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES... 1065, based on the manufacturer's design and production specifications for the engine. This information... power values for an engine are based on maximum engine power. For example, the group of engines with...

  17. 40 CFR 1039.140 - What is my engine's maximum engine power?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ...) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES... 1065, based on the manufacturer's design and production specifications for the engine. This information... power values for an engine are based on maximum engine power. For example, the group of engines with...

  18. Precision engineering: an evolutionary perspective.

    PubMed

    Evans, Chris J

    2012-08-28

    Precision engineering is a relatively new name for a technology with roots going back over a thousand years; those roots span astronomy, metrology, fundamental standards, manufacturing and money-making (literally). Throughout that history, precision engineers have created links across disparate disciplines to generate innovative responses to society's needs and wants. This review combines historical and technological perspectives to illuminate precision engineering's current character and directions. It first provides us a working definition of precision engineering and then reviews the subject's roots. Examples will be given showing the contributions of the technology to society, while simultaneously showing the creative tension between the technological convergence that spurs new directions and the vertical disintegration that optimizes manufacturing economics.

  19. Geometric Modeling of Cellular Materials for Additive Manufacturing in Biomedical Field: A Review

    PubMed Central

    Rosso, Stefano; Meneghello, Roberto; Concheri, Gianmaria

    2018-01-01

    Advances in additive manufacturing technologies facilitate the fabrication of cellular materials that have tailored functional characteristics. The application of solid freeform fabrication techniques is especially exploited in designing scaffolds for tissue engineering. In this review, firstly, a classification of cellular materials from a geometric point of view is proposed; then, the main approaches on geometric modeling of cellular materials are discussed. Finally, an investigation on porous scaffolds fabricated by additive manufacturing technologies is pointed out. Perspectives in geometric modeling of scaffolds for tissue engineering are also proposed. PMID:29487626

  20. Geometric Modeling of Cellular Materials for Additive Manufacturing in Biomedical Field: A Review.

    PubMed

    Savio, Gianpaolo; Rosso, Stefano; Meneghello, Roberto; Concheri, Gianmaria

    2018-01-01

    Advances in additive manufacturing technologies facilitate the fabrication of cellular materials that have tailored functional characteristics. The application of solid freeform fabrication techniques is especially exploited in designing scaffolds for tissue engineering. In this review, firstly, a classification of cellular materials from a geometric point of view is proposed; then, the main approaches on geometric modeling of cellular materials are discussed. Finally, an investigation on porous scaffolds fabricated by additive manufacturing technologies is pointed out. Perspectives in geometric modeling of scaffolds for tissue engineering are also proposed.

  1. Method and Tool for Design Process Navigation and Automatic Generation of Simulation Models for Manufacturing Systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nakano, Masaru; Kubota, Fumiko; Inamori, Yutaka; Mitsuyuki, Keiji

    Manufacturing system designers should concentrate on designing and planning manufacturing systems instead of spending their efforts on creating the simulation models to verify the design. This paper proposes a method and its tool to navigate the designers through the engineering process and generate the simulation model automatically from the design results. The design agent also supports collaborative design projects among different companies or divisions with distributed engineering and distributed simulation techniques. The idea was implemented and applied to a factory planning process.

  2. 1300099

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2013-02-22

    DURING HIS FEB. 22 VISIT TO THE NATIONAL CENTER FOR ADVANCED MANUFACTURING RAPID PROTOTYPING FACILITY AT NASA'S MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CENTER, NASA ADMINISTRATOR CHARLES BOLDEN, CENTER, TALKS WITH FRANK LEDBETTER, RIGHT, CHIEF OF THE NONMETALLIC MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING DIVISION AT MARSHALL, ABOUT THE USE OF 3-D PRINTING AND PROTOTYPING TECHNOLOGY TO CREATE PARTS FOR THE SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM. ALSO PARTICIPATING IN THE TOUR ARE, FROM BACK RIGHT, MARSHALL CENTER DIRECTOR PATRICK SCHEUERMANN; SHERRY KITTREDGE, DEPUTY MANAGER OF THE SLS LIQUID ENGINES OFFICE; MARSHALL FLIGHT SYSTEMS DESIGN ENGINEER ROB BLACK; AND JOHN VICKERS, MANAGER OF THE NATIONAL CENTER FOR ADVANCED MANUFACTURING.

  3. Automotive Manufacturing Assessment System : Volume 4. Engine Manufacturing Analysis.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1979-11-01

    Volume IV represents the results of one of four major study areas under the Automotive Manufacturing Assessment System (AMAS) sponsored by the DOT/Transportation Systems Center. AMAS was designed to assist in the evaluation of industry's capability t...

  4. Bite-size research: BMC Research Notes goes back to its roots.

    PubMed

    Krüger, Dirk; Marshall, Diana M

    2017-02-14

    Since it first launched in 2008, BMC Research Notes has been a place where researchers can publish short notes and observations, research outputs which are useful for the community but which can end up hidden in the lab notebook or as a footnote in a dataset. In order to re-affirm the importance of publishing these kinds of outputs, the journal is renewing its focus on publishing note articles as well as other potentially dark data such as short null results. Publishing these articles is useful for many researchers, therefore we are also expanding the scope to all scientific and clinical disciplines including health sciences, life sciences, physical sciences, mathematics and all engineering disciplines. With this refocusing of BMC Research Notes back to its original vision, BioMed Central is offering a home for short communications to make dark data and single observations widely available to the global research community.

  5. Optimizing Societal Benefit using a Systems Engineering Approach for Implementation of the GEOSS Space Segment

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Killough, Brian D., Jr.; Sandford, Stephen P.; Cecil, L DeWayne; Stover, Shelley; Keith, Kim

    2008-01-01

    The Group on Earth Observations (GEO) is driving a paradigm shift in the Earth Observation community, refocusing Earth observing systems on GEO Societal Benefit Areas (SBA). Over the short history of space-based Earth observing systems most decisions have been made based on improving our scientific understanding of the Earth with the implicit assumption that this would serve society well in the long run. The space agencies responsible for developing the satellites used for global Earth observations are typically science driven. The innovation of GEO is the call for investments by space agencies to be driven by global societal needs. This paper presents the preliminary findings of an analysis focused on the observational requirements of the GEO Energy SBA. The analysis was performed by the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) Systems Engineering Office (SEO) which is responsible for facilitating the development of implementation plans that have the maximum potential for success while optimizing the benefit to society. The analysis utilizes a new taxonomy for organizing requirements, assesses the current gaps in spacebased measurements and missions, assesses the impact of the current and planned space-based missions, and presents a set of recommendations.

  6. 75 FR 34426 - Notice of Petitions by Firms for Determination of Eligibility To Apply for Trade Adjustment...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-17

    ... The company designs and manufactures Company. City, MO 64108. custom tents and awnings. A. Rifkin... Engineering & 750 Broad Street, 5/17/2010 Electro Chemical manufactures steel tanks Manufacturing. Emmaus, PA.... TLX Technologies, LLC......... Saratoga Drive, 5/17/2010 The firm designs and manufactures Waukesha...

  7. 46 CFR 53.10-15 - Manufacturers' data report forms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Manufacturers' data report forms. 53.10-15 Section 53.10-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING HEATING BOILERS Tests, Inspection, Stamping, and Reporting (Article 5) § 53.10-15 Manufacturers' data report forms. The manufacturers' data report forms require...

  8. 46 CFR 53.10-15 - Manufacturers' data report forms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Manufacturers' data report forms. 53.10-15 Section 53.10-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING HEATING BOILERS Tests, Inspection, Stamping, and Reporting (Article 5) § 53.10-15 Manufacturers' data report forms. The manufacturers' data report forms require...

  9. 46 CFR 53.10-15 - Manufacturers' data report forms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Manufacturers' data report forms. 53.10-15 Section 53.10-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING HEATING BOILERS Tests, Inspection, Stamping, and Reporting (Article 5) § 53.10-15 Manufacturers' data report forms. The manufacturers' data report forms require...

  10. 46 CFR 53.10-15 - Manufacturers' data report forms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Manufacturers' data report forms. 53.10-15 Section 53.10-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING HEATING BOILERS Tests, Inspection, Stamping, and Reporting (Article 5) § 53.10-15 Manufacturers' data report forms. The manufacturers' data report forms require...

  11. 46 CFR 53.10-15 - Manufacturers' data report forms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Manufacturers' data report forms. 53.10-15 Section 53.10-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING HEATING BOILERS Tests, Inspection, Stamping, and Reporting (Article 5) § 53.10-15 Manufacturers' data report forms. The manufacturers' data report forms require...

  12. Designing using manufacturing features

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Szecsi, T.; Hoque, A. S. M.

    2012-04-01

    This paper presents a design system that enables the composition of a part using manufacturing features. Features are selected from feature libraries. Upon insertion, the system ensures that the feature does not contradict the design-for-manufacture rules. This helps eliminating costly manufacturing problems. The system is developed as an extension to a commercial CAD/CAM system Pro/Engineer.

  13. 78 FR 59293 - Airworthiness Directives; Continental Motors, Inc. Reciprocating Engines

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-26

    ... Engineering Corporation parts manufacturer approval replacement cylinder assemblies installed. The replacement cylinder assemblies are marketed by Engine Components International Division. DATES: The comment period for...

  14. Marshall Space Flight Center Materials and Processes Laboratory

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Tramel, Terri L.

    2012-01-01

    Marshall?s Materials and Processes Laboratory has been a core capability for NASA for over fifty years. MSFC has a proven heritage and recognized expertise in materials and manufacturing that are essential to enable and sustain space exploration. Marshall provides a "systems-wise" capability for applied research, flight hardware development, and sustaining engineering. Our history of leadership and achievements in materials, manufacturing, and flight experiments includes Apollo, Skylab, Mir, Spacelab, Shuttle (Space Shuttle Main Engine, External Tank, Reusable Solid Rocket Motor, and Solid Rocket Booster), Hubble, Chandra, and the International Space Station. MSFC?s National Center for Advanced Manufacturing, NCAM, facilitates major M&P advanced manufacturing partnership activities with academia, industry and other local, state and federal government agencies. The Materials and Processes Laborato ry has principal competencies in metals, composites, ceramics, additive manufacturing, materials and process modeling and simulation, space environmental effects, non-destructive evaluation, and fracture and failure analysis provide products ranging from materials research in space to fully integrated solutions for large complex systems challenges. Marshall?s materials research, development and manufacturing capabilities assure that NASA and National missions have access to cutting-edge, cost-effective engineering design and production options that are frugal in using design margins and are verified as safe and reliable. These are all critical factors in both future mission success and affordability.

  15. Integration Framework of Process Planning based on Resource Independent Operation Summary to Support Collaborative Manufacturing

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kulvatunyou, Boonserm; Wysk, Richard A.; Cho, Hyunbo

    2004-06-01

    In today's global manufacturing environment, manufacturing functions are distributed as never before. Design, engineering, fabrication, and assembly of new products are done routinely in many different enterprises scattered around the world. Successful business transactions require the sharing of design and engineering data on an unprecedented scale. This paper describes a framework that facilitates the collaboration of engineering tasks, particularly process planning and analysis, to support such globalized manufacturing activities. The information models of data and the software components that integrate those information models are described. The integration framework uses an Integrated Product and Process Data (IPPD) representation called a Resourcemore » Independent Operation Summary (RIOS) to facilitate the communication of business and manufacturing requirements. Hierarchical process modeling, process planning decomposition and an augmented AND/OR directed graph are used in this representation. The Resource Specific Process Planning (RSPP) module assigns required equipment and tools, selects process parameters, and determines manufacturing costs based on two-level hierarchical RIOS data. The shop floor knowledge (resource and process knowledge) and a hybrid approach (heuristic and linear programming) to linearize the AND/OR graph provide the basis for the planning. Finally, a prototype system is developed and demonstrated with an exemplary part. Java and XML (Extensible Markup Language) are used to ensure software and information portability.« less

  16. 40 CFR 60.4241 - What are my compliance requirements if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... meets the definition of pipeline-quality natural gas. The fuel used for certifying stationary SI natural... a gas chromatograph as allowed under 40 CFR 1065.267 and may measure ethane, as well as methane, for... stationary SI engines as certified or non-certified engines. (d) Manufacturers of natural gas fired...

  17. 40 CFR 60.4241 - What are my compliance requirements if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... meets the definition of pipeline-quality natural gas. The fuel used for certifying stationary SI natural... a gas chromatograph as allowed under 40 CFR 1065.267 and may measure ethane, as well as methane, for... stationary SI engines as certified or non-certified engines. (d) Manufacturers of natural gas fired...

  18. Computer Aided Drafting and Design, Industrial Manufacturing Technician, and Mechanical Engineering Technician and Machine Tool, Die and Moldmaking Technology. Tech Prep Competency Profile.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mid-East Ohio Tech Prep Consortium, Zanesville.

    This document contains competency profiles in four areas: computer-aided drafting and design; industrial manufacturing technician; mechanical engineering technician; and machine tool, die, and moldmaking technology occupations. The profiles are intended for use in articulating tech prep programs from high school through associate degrees in Ohio.…

  19. Computers in Manufacturing.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hudson, C. A.

    1982-01-01

    Advances in factory computerization (computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing) are reviewed, including discussions of robotics, human factors engineering, and the sociological impact of automation. (JN)

  20. Space Launch System Launch Vehicle Stage Adapter Hardware Completes Manufacturing

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2017-08-28

    The Launch Vehicle Stage Adapter for the first flight of the Space Launch System, NASA’s new deeps space rocket, recently completed manufacturing at NASA’s Marshal Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. The LVSA, the largest piece of the rocket welded together in Marshall’s Huntsville manufacturing area, will connect two major sections of SLS – the 27.6-foot diameter core stage and the 16.4-foot interim cryogenic propulsion stage – for the first integrated flight of SLS and the Orion spacecraft. Teledyne Brown Engineering of Huntsville, the prime contractor for the adapter, has completed manufacturing, and engineers are preparing to apply thermal insulation. It will be the largest piece of hardware that Marshall. The LVSA was moved from the NASA welding area to NASA’s Center for Advanced Manufacturing where the thermal protection system will be applied.

  1. 40 CFR 85.1714 - Replacement-engine exemption.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Replacement-engine exemption. 85.1714... Vehicle Engines § 85.1714 Replacement-engine exemption. (a) Engine manufacturers may use the provisions of 40 CFR 1068.240 to exempt new replacement heavy-duty highway engines as specified in this section. (b...

  2. 40 CFR 85.1714 - Replacement-engine exemption.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Replacement-engine exemption. 85.1714... Vehicle Engines § 85.1714 Replacement-engine exemption. (a) Engine manufacturers may use the provisions of 40 CFR 1068.240 to exempt new replacement heavy-duty highway engines as specified in this section. (b...

  3. 40 CFR 85.1714 - Replacement-engine exemption.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Replacement-engine exemption. 85.1714... Vehicle Engines § 85.1714 Replacement-engine exemption. (a) Engine manufacturers may use the provisions of 40 CFR 1068.240 to exempt new replacement heavy-duty highway engines as specified in this section. (b...

  4. 40 CFR 85.1714 - Replacement-engine exemption.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Replacement-engine exemption. 85.1714... Vehicle Engines § 85.1714 Replacement-engine exemption. (a) Engine manufacturers may use the provisions of 40 CFR 1068.240 to exempt new replacement heavy-duty highway engines as specified in this section. (b...

  5. 40 CFR 85.1714 - Replacement-engine exemption.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Replacement-engine exemption. 85.1714... Vehicle Engines § 85.1714 Replacement-engine exemption. (a) Engine manufacturers may use the provisions of 40 CFR 1068.240 to exempt new replacement heavy-duty highway engines as specified in this section. (b...

  6. Real-time control for manufacturing space shuttle main engines: Work in progress

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ruokangas, Corinne C.

    1988-01-01

    During the manufacture of space-based assemblies such as Space Shuttle Main Engines, flexibility is required due to the high-cost and low-volume nature of the end products. Various systems have been developed pursuing the goal of adaptive, flexible manufacturing for several space applications, including an Advanced Robotic Welding System for the manufacture of complex components of the Space Shuttle Main Engines. The Advanced Robotic Welding System (AROWS) is an on-going joint effort, funded by NASA, between NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, and two divisions of Rockwell International: Rocketdyne and the Science Center. AROWS includes two levels of flexible control of both motion and process parameters: Off-line programming using both geometric and weld-process data bases, and real-time control incorporating multiple sensors during weld execution. Both control systems were implemented using conventional hardware and software architectures. The feasibility of enhancing the real-time control system using the problem-solving architecture of Schemer is investigated and described.

  7. Bioengineering Solutions for Manufacturing Challenges in CAR T Cells

    PubMed Central

    Piscopo, Nicole J.; Mueller, Katherine P.; Das, Amritava; Hematti, Peiman; Murphy, William L.; Palecek, Sean P.; Capitini, Christian M.

    2017-01-01

    The next generation of therapeutic products to be approved for the clinic is anticipated to be cell therapies, termed “living drugs” for their capacity to dynamically and temporally respond to changes during their production ex vivo and after their administration in vivo. Genetically engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have rapidly developed into powerful tools to harness the power of immune system manipulation against cancer. Regulatory agencies are beginning to approve CAR T cell therapies due to their striking efficacy in treating some hematological malignancies. However, the engineering and manufacturing of such cells remains a challenge for widespread adoption of this technology. Bioengineering approaches including biomaterials, synthetic biology, metabolic engineering, process control and automation, and in vitro disease modeling could offer promising methods to overcome some of these challenges. Here, we describe the manufacturing process of CAR T cells, highlighting potential roles for bioengineers to partner with biologists and clinicians to advance the manufacture of these complex cellular products under rigorous regulatory and quality control. PMID:28840981

  8. Long-term health experience of jet engine manufacturing workers: VII: occupational exposures.

    PubMed

    Kennedy, Kathleen J; Esmen, Nurtan A; Hancock, Roger P; Lacey, Steven E; Marsh, Gary M; Buchanich, Jeanine M; Youk, Ada O

    2013-06-01

    To reconstruct agent-specific occupational exposures for a cohort of jet engine manufacturing workers for use in an epidemiological mortality study. Potential chemical and physical exposures at eight jet engine manufacturing and overhaul/repair plants were evaluated for the period 1952 to 2001. Eleven agents were selected for detailed examination, and a job-exposure matrix was constructed. Quantitative exposure estimates were generated for metalworking fluids, nickel, cobalt, chromium, solvents, and incomplete combustion aerosol from metalworking fluids. Qualitative exposure estimates were assigned for ionizing radiation, electromagnetic fields, polychlorinated biphenyls, and lead-cadmium. All exposures showed decreasing trends over the study period. The quantitative exposure levels generated in this study were lower than early contemporaneous professional practice recommendations and were similar to or lower than published data from other industries.

  9. Industrial Assessment Centers - Small Manufacturers Reduce Energy & Increase Productivity

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    None

    Since 1976, the Industrial Assessment Centers (IACs), administered by the US Department of Energy, have supported small and medium-sized American manufacturers to reduce energy use and increase their productivity and competitiveness. The 24 IACs, located at premier engineering universities around the country (see below), send faculty and engineering students to local small and medium-sized manufacturers to provide no-cost assessments of energy use, process performance and waste and water flows. Under the direction of experienced professors, IAC engineering students analyze the manufacturer’s facilities, energy bills and energy, waste and water systems, including compressed air, motors/pumps, lighting, process heat and steam. Themore » IACs then follow up with written energy-saving and productivity improvement recommendations, with estimates of related costs and payback periods.« less

  10. An Online Tilt Estimation and Compensation Algorithm for a Small Satellite Camera

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lee, Da-Hyun; Hwang, Jai-hyuk

    2018-04-01

    In the case of a satellite camera designed to execute an Earth observation mission, even after a pre-launch precision alignment process has been carried out, misalignment will occur due to external factors during the launch and in the operating environment. In particular, for high-resolution satellite cameras, which require submicron accuracy for alignment between optical components, misalignment is a major cause of image quality degradation. To compensate for this, most high-resolution satellite cameras undergo a precise realignment process called refocusing before and during the operation process. However, conventional Earth observation satellites only execute refocusing upon de-space. Thus, in this paper, an online tilt estimation and compensation algorithm that can be utilized after de-space correction is executed. Although the sensitivity of the optical performance degradation due to the misalignment is highest in de-space, the MTF can be additionally increased by correcting tilt after refocusing. The algorithm proposed in this research can be used to estimate the amount of tilt that occurs by taking star images, and it can also be used to carry out automatic tilt corrections by employing a compensation mechanism that gives angular motion to the secondary mirror. Crucially, this algorithm is developed using an online processing system so that it can operate without communication with the ground.

  11. 40 CFR 91.1002 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... EMISSIONS FROM MARINE SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES Exclusion and Exemption of Marine SI Engines § 91.1002... means an exemption granted under § 91.1104(b) for the purpose of exporting new marine SI engines... national security. Manufacturer-owned marine engine means an uncertified marine SI engine owned and...

  12. 40 CFR 91.1002 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... EMISSIONS FROM MARINE SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES Exclusion and Exemption of Marine SI Engines § 91.1002... means an exemption granted under § 91.1104(b) for the purpose of exporting new marine SI engines... national security. Manufacturer-owned marine engine means an uncertified marine SI engine owned and...

  13. 40 CFR 91.1002 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... EMISSIONS FROM MARINE SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES Exclusion and Exemption of Marine SI Engines § 91.1002... means an exemption granted under § 91.1104(b) for the purpose of exporting new marine SI engines... national security. Manufacturer-owned marine engine means an uncertified marine SI engine owned and...

  14. 40 CFR 91.1002 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... EMISSIONS FROM MARINE SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES Exclusion and Exemption of Marine SI Engines § 91.1002... means an exemption granted under § 91.1104(b) for the purpose of exporting new marine SI engines... national security. Manufacturer-owned marine engine means an uncertified marine SI engine owned and...

  15. 40 CFR 94.221 - Application of good engineering judgment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Application of good engineering... § 94.221 Application of good engineering judgment. (a) The manufacturer shall exercise good engineering... the Administrator) a written description of the engineering judgment in question. (c) The...

  16. 40 CFR 94.221 - Application of good engineering judgment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Application of good engineering... § 94.221 Application of good engineering judgment. (a) The manufacturer shall exercise good engineering... the Administrator) a written description of the engineering judgment in question. (c) The...

  17. 40 CFR 94.221 - Application of good engineering judgment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Application of good engineering... § 94.221 Application of good engineering judgment. (a) The manufacturer shall exercise good engineering... the Administrator) a written description of the engineering judgment in question. (c) The...

  18. 40 CFR 94.221 - Application of good engineering judgment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2014-07-01 2013-07-01 true Application of good engineering... § 94.221 Application of good engineering judgment. (a) The manufacturer shall exercise good engineering... the Administrator) a written description of the engineering judgment in question. (c) The...

  19. 40 CFR 94.221 - Application of good engineering judgment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Application of good engineering... § 94.221 Application of good engineering judgment. (a) The manufacturer shall exercise good engineering... the Administrator) a written description of the engineering judgment in question. (c) The...

  20. Using TRIPS flexibilities to facilitate access to medicines

    PubMed Central

    Owoeye, Olasupo

    2013-01-01

    Abstract The problem of how to mitigate the impact of pharmaceutical patents on the delivery of essential medicines to the world’s poor is as far from being resolved as it has ever been. Extensive academic commentary and policy debate have achieved little in terms of practical outcomes. Although international instruments are now in place allowing countries to enact legislation that permits the generic manufacture of patented pharmaceuticals, many countries have not yet enacted appropriate legislation and most of those that have yet to make use of it. One major problem is that the requirements of international instruments and implementing legislation are seen as being so stringent as to be unworkable. This paper calls for fresh attempts to enact workable legislation that fits within the prescribed requirements of international law without going beyond them. It argues that high-income nations should refocus on their moral obligation to enact appropriate legislative mechanisms and provide appropriate incentives for their use. Draft legislation currently being considered in Australia is used to illustrate how workable legislative frameworks can be developed. PMID:23825881

  1. Challenges in Teaching Modern Manufacturing Technologies

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ngaile, Gracious; Wang, Jyhwen; Gau, Jenn-Terng

    2015-01-01

    Teaching of manufacturing courses for undergraduate engineering students has become a challenge due to industrial globalisation coupled with influx of new innovations, technologies, customer-driven products. This paper discusses development of a modern manufacturing course taught concurrently in three institutions where students collaborate in…

  2. 40 CFR 1060.301 - Manufacturer testing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Manufacturer testing. 1060.301 Section 1060.301 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS... Verification Testing § 1060.301 Manufacturer testing. (a) Using good engineering judgment, you must evaluate...

  3. Experiments in Creative Engineering at the Department of Mechanical Engineering in Kurume National College of Technology

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tanaka, Hiroshi; Hashimura, Shinji; Hiroo, Yasuaki

    We present a program to learn ability to solve problems on engineering. This program is called “Experiments in creative engineering” in the department of mechanical engineering in Kurume National College of Technology advanced engineering school. In the program, students have to determine own theme and manufacture experimental devices or some machines by themselves. The students must also perform experiments to valid the function and performance of their devices by themselves. The restriction of the theme is to manufacture a device which function dose not basically exist in the world with limited cost (up to 20,000Yen) . As the results of questionnaire of students, the program would be very effective to the creative education for the students.

  4. 75 FR 38988 - Notice of Petitions by Firms for Determination of Eligibility To Apply for Trade Adjustment...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-07

    ... Manufacturing Company, 65 Tripps Lane, East, 6/10/2010 Fulford Manufacturing company manufactures Inc. RI 02915... decrease in sales or production of each petitioning firm. List of Petitions Received by EDA for... Products for filing Flinchbaugh Engineering, Inc... 4387 Run Way, York, PA 6/7/2010 Precision manufacturing...

  5. Design of universal parallel-transmit refocusing kT -point pulses and application to 3D T2 -weighted imaging at 7T.

    PubMed

    Gras, Vincent; Mauconduit, Franck; Vignaud, Alexandre; Amadon, Alexis; Le Bihan, Denis; Stöcker, Tony; Boulant, Nicolas

    2018-07-01

    T 2 -weighted sequences are particularly sensitive to the radiofrequency (RF) field inhomogeneity problem at ultra-high-field because of the errors accumulated by the imperfections of the train of refocusing pulses. As parallel transmission (pTx) has proved particularly useful to counteract RF heterogeneities, universal pulses were recently demonstrated to save precious time and computational efforts by skipping B 1 calibration and online RF pulse tailoring. Here, we report a universal RF pulse design for non-selective refocusing pulses to mitigate the RF inhomogeneity problem at 7T in turbo spin-echo sequences with variable flip angles. Average Hamiltonian theory was used to synthetize a single non-selective refocusing pulse with pTx while optimizing its scaling properties in the presence of static field offsets. The design was performed under explicit power and specific absorption rate constraints on a database of 10 subjects using a 8Tx-32Rx commercial coil at 7T. To validate the proposed design, the RF pulses were tested in simulation and applied in vivo on 5 additional test subjects. The root-mean-square rotation angle error (RA-NRMSE) evaluation and experimental data demonstrated great improvement with the proposed universal pulses (RA-NRMSE ∼8%) compared to the standard circularly polarized mode of excitation (RA-NRMSE ∼26%). This work further completes the spectrum of 3D universal pulses to mitigate RF field inhomogeneity throughout all 3D MRI sequences without any pTx calibration. The approach returns a single pulse that can be scaled to match the desired flip angle train, thereby increasing the modularity of the proposed plug and play approach. Magn Reson Med 80:53-65, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

  6. 7T MRI-Histologic Correlation Study of Low Specific Absorption Rate T2-Weighted GRASE Sequences in the Detection of White Matter Involvement in Multiple Sclerosis.

    PubMed

    Bagnato, Francesca; Hametner, Simon; Pennell, David; Dortch, Richard; Dula, Adrienne N; Pawate, Siddharama; Smith, Seth A; Lassmann, Hans; Gore, John C; Welch, Edward B

    2015-01-01

    The high value of the specific absorption rate (SAR) of radio-frequency (RF) energy arising from the series of RF refocusing pulses in T2-weighted (T2-w) turbo spin echo (TSE) MRI hampers its clinical application at 7.0 Tesla (7T). T2-w gradient and spin echo (GRASE) uses the speed from gradient refocusing in combination with the chemical-shift/static magnetic field (B0) inhomogeneity insensitivity from spin-echo refocusing to acquire T2-w images with a limited number of refocusing RF pulses, thus reducing SAR. To investigate whether low SAR T2-w GRASE could replace T2-w TSE in detecting white matter (WM) disease in MS patients imaged at 7T. The .7 mm3 isotropic T2-w TSE and T2-w GRASE images with variable echo times (TEs) and echo planar imaging (EPI) factors were obtained on a 7T scanner from postmortem samples of MS brains. These samples were derived from brains of 3 female MS patients. WM lesions (WM-Ls) and normal-appearing WM (NAWM) signal intensity, WM-Ls/NAWM contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and MRI/myelin staining sections comparisons were obtained. GRASE sequences with EPI factor/TE = 3/50 and 3/75 ms were comparable to the SE technique for measures of CNR in WM-Ls and NAWM and for detection of WM-Ls. In all sequences, however, identification of areas with remyelination, Wallerian degeneration, and gray matter demyelination, as depicted by myelin staining, was not possible. T2-w GRASE images may replace T2-w TSE for clinical use. However, even at 7T, both sequences fail in detecting and characterizing MS disease beyond visible WM-Ls. Copyright © 2015 by the American Society of Neuroimaging.

  7. New & Special Grad School Programs.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ross, Steven S.

    1988-01-01

    Discusses some special Master of Science in engineering (MS) programs including manufacturing and quality control, safety engineering, transportation engineering, and computer related areas. Gives a table showing MS degrees, institutions, and faculty. (YP)

  8. 40 CFR 205.155 - Motorcycle class and manufacturer abbreviation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... separate combinations of the following parameters: (1) Engine type: (i) Gasoline—two stroke. (ii) Gasoline—four stroke. (iii) Gasoline—rotary. (iv) Other. (2) Engine displacement. (3) Engine configuration: (i...

  9. 40 CFR 205.155 - Motorcycle class and manufacturer abbreviation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... separate combinations of the following parameters: (1) Engine type: (i) Gasoline—two stroke. (ii) Gasoline—four stroke. (iii) Gasoline—rotary. (iv) Other. (2) Engine displacement. (3) Engine configuration: (i...

  10. 40 CFR 205.155 - Motorcycle class and manufacturer abbreviation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... separate combinations of the following parameters: (1) Engine type: (i) Gasoline—two stroke. (ii) Gasoline—four stroke. (iii) Gasoline—rotary. (iv) Other. (2) Engine displacement. (3) Engine configuration: (i...

  11. 40 CFR 205.155 - Motorcycle class and manufacturer abbreviation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... separate combinations of the following parameters: (1) Engine type: (i) Gasoline—two stroke. (ii) Gasoline—four stroke. (iii) Gasoline—rotary. (iv) Other. (2) Engine displacement. (3) Engine configuration: (i...

  12. 40 CFR 205.155 - Motorcycle class and manufacturer abbreviation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... separate combinations of the following parameters: (1) Engine type: (i) Gasoline—two stroke. (ii) Gasoline—four stroke. (iii) Gasoline—rotary. (iv) Other. (2) Engine displacement. (3) Engine configuration: (i...

  13. Handheld White Light Interferometer for Measuring Defect Depth in Windows

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Youngquist, Robert; Simmons, Stephen; Cox, Robert

    2010-01-01

    Accurate quantification of defects (scratches and impacts) is vital to the certification of flight hardware and other critical components. The amount of damage to a particular component contributes to the performance, reliability, and safety of a system, which ultimately affects the success or failure of a mission or test. The launch-commit criteria on a Space Shuttle Orbiter window are governed by the depth of the defects that are identified by a visual inspection. This measurement of a defect is not easy to obtain given the environment, size of the defect, and location of the window(s). The determination of depth has typically been performed by taking a mold impression and measuring the impression with an optical profiling instrument. Another method of obtaining an estimate of the depth is by using a refocus microscope. To use a refocus microscope, the surface of the glass and bottom of the defect are, in turn, brought into focus by the operator. The amount of movement between the two points corresponds to the depth of the defect. The refocus microscope requires a skilled operator and has been proven to be unreliable when used on Orbiter windows. White light interferometry was chosen as a candidate to replace the refocus microscope. The White Light Interferometer (WLI) was developed to replace the refocus microscope as the instrument used for measuring the depth of defects in Orbiter windows. The WLI consists of a broadband illumination source, interferometer, detector, motion control, displacement sensor, mechanical housing, and support electronics. The illumination source for the WLI is typically a visible light emitting diode (LED) or a near-infrared superluminescent diode (SLD) with power levels of less than a milliwatt. The interferometer is a Michelson configuration consisting of a 1-in. (2.5-cm) cube beam splitter, a 0.5-in. (1.3-cm) optical window as a movable leg (used to closely match the return intensity of the fixed leg from the window), and a mirrored prism to fold the optics into the mechanical housing. The detector may be one of many C-mount CCD (charge-coupled device) cameras. Motion is provided by a commercial nanostepping motor with a serial interface. The displacement sensor is a custom device specifically designed for this application. The mechanical housing and support electronics were designed to integrate the various components into an instrument that could be physically handled by a technician and easily transported.

  14. Damage-Tolerant Fan Casings for Jet Engines

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2006-01-01

    All turbofan engines work on the same principle. A large fan at the front of the engine draws air in. A portion of the air enters the compressor, but a greater portion passes on the outside of the engine this is called bypass air. The air that enters the compressor then passes through several stages of rotating fan blades that compress the air more, and then it passes into the combustor. In the combustor, fuel is injected into the airstream, and the fuel-air mixture is ignited. The hot gasses produced expand rapidly to the rear, and the engine reacts by moving forward. If there is a flaw in the system, such as an unexpected obstruction, the fan blade can break, spin off, and harm other engine components. Fan casings, therefore, need to be strong enough to contain errant blades and damage-tolerant to withstand the punishment of a loose blade-turned-projectile. NASA has spearheaded research into improving jet engine fan casings, ultimately discovering a cost-effective approach to manufacturing damage-tolerant fan cases that also boast significant weight reduction. In an aircraft, weight reduction translates directly into fuel burn savings, increased payload, and greater aircraft range. This technology increases safety and structural integrity; is an attractive, viable option for engine manufacturers, because of the low-cost manufacturing; and it is a practical alternative for customers, as it has the added cost saving benefits of the weight reduction.

  15. 40 CFR 89.116 - Engine families.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Engine families. 89.116 Section 89.116... Provisions § 89.116 Engine families. (a) A manufacturer's product line is divided into engine families that... life periods. (b) The following characteristics distinguish engine families: (1) Fuel; (2) Cooling...

  16. 40 CFR 89.116 - Engine families.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Engine families. 89.116 Section 89.116... Provisions § 89.116 Engine families. (a) A manufacturer's product line is divided into engine families that... life periods. (b) The following characteristics distinguish engine families: (1) Fuel; (2) Cooling...

  17. 40 CFR 94.219 - Durability data engine selection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Durability data engine selection. 94... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM MARINE COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES Certification Provisions § 94.219 Durability data engine selection. (a) For Category 1 and Category 2 engines, the manufacturer shall select...

  18. 100 Successful Years of Vertical Lift Gates of Bhatghar Dam—Design, Manufacturing, Erection, and Maintenance: A Case Study

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mahajan, Dinakar Rajaram

    2017-09-01

    The Bhatghar dam is having 81 vertical lift gates (fixed wheel type) on waste ways. The design of these gates is so beautiful and based on simple principles of science and engineering that these gates outlast for 100 years without failure, performing their intended purpose satisfactorily. It is achieved by meticulous design, manufacturing, erection, subsequent use and maintenance practices. It has become guiding and inspiration for further practices in design, manufacturing, erection, and maintenance for dam gates as well as all other disciplines of engineering today.

  19. Manufacturing Industries with High Concentrations of Scientists and Engineers Lead in 1965-77 Employment Growth. Science Resources Studies Highlights, April 20, 1979.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    National Science Foundation, Washington, DC. Div. of Science Resources Studies.

    Presented are the results of a survey of over 100,000 manufacturing establishments, conducted for the National Science Foundation by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, covering average annual employment for calendar year 1977. Industries whose relative concentration of scientists and engineers was high in 1977, such as petroleum refining, chemicals,…

  20. Evaluation of Project Based Learning in the Area of Manufacturing and Statistics in the Degree of Industrial Technology

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Buj-Corral, Irene; Marco-Almagro, Lluís; Riba, Alex; Vivancos-Calvet, Joan; Tort-Martorell, Xavier

    2015-01-01

    In the subject Project I in the second year of the Degree in Industrial Technology Engineering taught at the School of Industrial Engineering of Barcelona (ETSEIB), subgroups of 3-4 students within groups of 20 students develop a project along a semester. Results of 2 projects are presented related to manufacturing, measurement of parts and the…

  1. Economic Returns to Sub-Baccalaureate Technical Education: A Study of Labor Market Outcomes for Manufacturing Engineering Technologist and Technician Education (METTE) Programs in the Wisconsin Technical College System

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Matheny, Christopher J.

    2013-01-01

    The purpose of this study is to examine the labor market outcomes of sub-baccalaureate education for individuals attending Manufacturing Engineering Technologist and Technician Education (METTE) programs in the Wisconsin Technical College System. Increasingly, public policy for postsecondary education and economic development, as well as decisions…

  2. 1400313

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2014-04-21

    1. ENGINEERS AND TECHNICIANS PREPARE FOR AN UPCOMING HOT-FIRE TEST OF A ROCKET INJECTOR MANUFACTURED USING ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, OR 3-D PRINTING…RANDALL MCALLISTER, INFOPRO TECHNICIAN, FITS NOZZLE TO ROCKET INJECTOR

  3. 3D printing for the design and fabrication of polymer-based gradient scaffolds.

    PubMed

    Bracaglia, Laura G; Smith, Brandon T; Watson, Emma; Arumugasaamy, Navein; Mikos, Antonios G; Fisher, John P

    2017-07-01

    To accurately mimic the native tissue environment, tissue engineered scaffolds often need to have a highly controlled and varied display of three-dimensional (3D) architecture and geometrical cues. Additive manufacturing in tissue engineering has made possible the development of complex scaffolds that mimic the native tissue architectures. As such, architectural details that were previously unattainable or irreproducible can now be incorporated in an ordered and organized approach, further advancing the structural and chemical cues delivered to cells interacting with the scaffold. This control over the environment has given engineers the ability to unlock cellular machinery that is highly dependent upon the intricate heterogeneous environment of native tissue. Recent research into the incorporation of physical and chemical gradients within scaffolds indicates that integrating these features improves the function of a tissue engineered construct. This review covers recent advances on techniques to incorporate gradients into polymer scaffolds through additive manufacturing and evaluate the success of these techniques. As covered here, to best replicate different tissue types, one must be cognizant of the vastly different types of manufacturing techniques available to create these gradient scaffolds. We review the various types of additive manufacturing techniques that can be leveraged to fabricate scaffolds with heterogeneous properties and discuss methods to successfully characterize them. Additive manufacturing techniques have given tissue engineers the ability to precisely recapitulate the native architecture present within tissue. In addition, these techniques can be leveraged to create scaffolds with both physical and chemical gradients. This work offers insight into several techniques that can be used to generate graded scaffolds, depending on the desired gradient. Furthermore, it outlines methods to determine if the designed gradient was achieved. This review will help to condense the abundance of information that has been published on the creation and characterization of gradient scaffolds and to provide a single review discussing both methods for manufacturing gradient scaffolds and evaluating the establishment of a gradient. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  4. Activities of the Institute for Mechanical Engineering

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    The Institute of Mechanical Engineering (IME) is part of Canada's National Research Council. Its mission is to undertake, support, promote, and disseminate research and development in the mechanical engineering aspects of three vital sectors of the Canadian economy: transportation, resource industries, and manufacturing. The IME achieves its mission by performing research and development in its own facilities; by developing, providing, and transferring expertise and knowledge; by making its research facilities available to collaborators and clients; and by participating in international liaison and collaborative research activities. Six research programs are conducted in the IME: Advanced Manufacturing Technology; Coastal Zone Engineering; Cold Regions Engineering; Combustion and Fluids Engineering; Ground Transportation Technology; and Machinery and Engine Technology. The rationale and major research thrusts of each program are described, and specific achievements in 1991-92 are reviewed. Lists of technical reports and papers presented by IME personnel are also included.

  5. 49 CFR 565.12 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... systems are to be part of the completed vehicle, that requires further manufacturing operations, other... applies to a group of vehicles or engines. (j) Manufacturer means a person— (1) Manufacturing or... calendar year in which the vehicle was actually produced, provided that the production period does not...

  6. Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Technology. Tech Prep Competency Profile.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lakeland Tech Prep Consortium, Kirtland, OH.

    This tech prep competency profile for computer-integrated manufacturing technology begins with definitions for four occupations: manufacturing technician, quality technician, mechanical engineering technician, and computer-assisted design/drafting (CADD) technician. A chart lists competencies by unit and indicates whether entire or partial unit is…

  7. 40 CFR 89.508 - Test procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... rate does not apply on weekends or holidays. (iii) If the manufacturer's service or target is less than... the manufacturer's service target. (3) Service accumulation must be completed on a sufficient number... the Administrator. (1) A manufacturer with projected nonroad engine sales for the United States market...

  8. 40 CFR 91.803 - Manufacturer in-use testing program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM MARINE SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES In-Use Testing and Recall... failing engine, two more engines shall be tested until the total number of engines equals ten (10). (2... the total number of engines equals ten (10). (3) If an engine family was certified using carry over...

  9. A case study on topology optimized design for additive manufacturing

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gebisa, A. W.; Lemu, H. G.

    2017-12-01

    Topology optimization is an optimization method that employs mathematical tools to optimize material distribution in a part to be designed. Earlier developments of topology optimization considered conventional manufacturing techniques that have limitations in producing complex geometries. This has hindered the topology optimization efforts not to fully be realized. With the emergence of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, the technology that builds a part layer upon a layer directly from three dimensional (3D) model data of the part, however, producing complex shape geometry is no longer an issue. Realization of topology optimization through AM provides full design freedom for the design engineers. The article focuses on topologically optimized design approach for additive manufacturing with a case study on lightweight design of jet engine bracket. The study result shows that topology optimization is a powerful design technique to reduce the weight of a product while maintaining the design requirements if additive manufacturing is considered.

  10. 40 CFR 205.157-2 - Compliance with standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... manufacturer may use more parameters): (A) Engine type: (1) Gasoline-two stroke; (2) gasoline-four stroke; (3) gasoline-rotary; and (4) other. (B) Engine displacement. (C) Engine configuration: (1) Number of cylinders...

  11. Application for certification 1980 model year light-duty vehicles - Audi

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for certification. In the application, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical description of the vehicles or engines he intends to market during the upcoming model year. These engineering data include explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems, and exhaust and evaporative emission control systems. It also provides information on emission test procedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be followed during testing. Section 16 of the applicationmore » contains the results of emission testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations, production engine parameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.« less

  12. Application for certification, 1990 model-year light-duty vehicles - Audi

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for certification. In the application, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical description of the vehicles or engines he intends to market during the upcoming model year. These engineering data include explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evaporative emission control systems. It also provides information on emission test procedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be followed during testing. Section 16 of the applicationmore » contains the results of emission testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations, production engine parameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.« less

  13. Application for certification 1993 model year light-duty vehicles - Audi

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for certification. In the application, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical description of the vehicles or engines he intends to market during the upcoming model year. These engineering data include explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evaporative emission control systems. It also provides information on emission test procedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be followed during testing. Section 16 of the applicationmore » contains the results of emission testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations, production engine parameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.« less

  14. Application for certification, 1991 model-year light-duty vehicles - Audi

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for certification. In the application, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical description of the vehicles or engines he intends to market during the upcoming model-year. These engineering data include explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evaporative emission control systems. It also provides information on emission test procedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be followed during testing. Section 16 of the application containsmore » the results of emission testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations, production engine parameters and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.« less

  15. Application for certification 1981 model year light-duty vehicles - Audi

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for certification. In the application, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical description of the vehicles or engines he intends to market during the upcoming model year. These engineering data include explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evaporative emission control systems. It also provides information on emission test procedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be followed during testing. Section 16 of the applicationmore » contains the results of emission testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations, production engine parameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.« less

  16. Fall 2016 Solicitation Projects Website Info

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Diachin, L.

    Spark-ignition engines are the backbone behind people transportation around the world. The efficiency of spark-ignition engines is limited in practice by variations between engine cycles and cylinders within an engine that result from the manufacturing processes/tolerances. These variations impact knock limits and dilution tolerance, which results in more conservative settings for design and calibration settings, such as compression ratio, valve timing, and exhaust gas recirculation rates. Engine variations also have a significant impact on emissions generation, which can have a secondary impact on efficiency. A deeper understanding of the relative importance of these variations and their interactions on the chargemore » preparation process can guide future decisions on machining tolerances and control strategies. This project will develop simulation tools and methodology to include the effects of some key manufacturing tolerances and their impact on engine performance and emissions.« less

  17. Application for certification 1987 model year light-duty vehicles - Peugeot

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for certification. In the application, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical description of the vehicles or engines he intends to market during the upcoming model year. The engineering data include explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evaporative emission control systems. They also provide information on emission test procedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be followed during testing. Section 16 of the applicationmore » contains the results of emission testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations, production engine parameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.« less

  18. Application for certification 1981 model year light-duty vehicles - Peugeot

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for certification. In the application, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical description of the vehicles or engines he intends to market during the upcoming model year. These engineering data include explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evaporative emission control systems. It also provides information on emission test procedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be followed during testing. Section 16 of the applicationmore » contains the results of emission testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations, production engine parameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.« less

  19. 40 CFR 89.102 - Effective dates, optional inclusion, flexibility for equipment manufacturers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... exemptions for technical or engineering hardship. You may request additional engine allowances under... technical or engineering problems that prevent you from meeting the requirements of this part. You must show... your engine supplier to design products. (iii) Describe the engineering or technical problems causing...

  20. 40 CFR 89.102 - Effective dates, optional inclusion, flexibility for equipment manufacturers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... exemptions for technical or engineering hardship. You may request additional engine allowances under... technical or engineering problems that prevent you from meeting the requirements of this part. You must show... your engine supplier to design products. (iii) Describe the engineering or technical problems causing...

  1. 40 CFR 89.102 - Effective dates, optional inclusion, flexibility for equipment manufacturers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... exemptions for technical or engineering hardship. You may request additional engine allowances under... technical or engineering problems that prevent you from meeting the requirements of this part. You must show... your engine supplier to design products. (iii) Describe the engineering or technical problems causing...

  2. 40 CFR 89.116 - Engine families.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Engine families. 89.116 Section 89.116... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES Emission Standards and Certification Provisions § 89.116 Engine families. (a) A manufacturer's product line is divided into engine families that...

  3. 40 CFR 89.116 - Engine families.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2014-07-01 2013-07-01 true Engine families. 89.116 Section 89.116... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES Emission Standards and Certification Provisions § 89.116 Engine families. (a) A manufacturer's product line is divided into engine families that...

  4. 40 CFR 89.116 - Engine families.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Engine families. 89.116 Section 89.116... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES Emission Standards and Certification Provisions § 89.116 Engine families. (a) A manufacturer's product line is divided into engine families that...

  5. 40 CFR 91.506 - Engine sample selection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Engine sample selection. 91.506... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM MARINE SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES Manufacturer Production Line Testing Program § 91.506 Engine sample selection. (a) At the start of each model year, the marine SI engine...

  6. 40 CFR 94.217 - Emission data engine selection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Emission data engine selection. 94.217... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM MARINE COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES Certification Provisions § 94.217 Emission data engine selection. (a) The manufacturer must select for testing, from each engine family, the...

  7. 40 CFR 90.113 - In-use testing program for Phase 1 engines.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... emission control technology which most likely will be used on Phase 2 engines; (2) Engine families using... technology specifically installed to achieve compliance with emission standards of this part; (6) The engine... with itself or its vehicle manufacturer. (2) A test engine should have a maintenance history...

  8. Composite pulsed field gradients with refocused chemical shifts and short recovery time.

    PubMed

    Hu, H; Shaka, A J

    1999-01-01

    An improved self-compensating pulsed field gradient (PFG) technique that combines antiphase gradient pairs with broadband frequency-modulated 180 degrees pulses is proposed. The antiphase gradient pairs lead to superb system recovery. In addition, evolution under chemical shift and heteronuclear J coupling are refocused during the PFG, making it appear effectively instantaneous. This new approach makes it possible to obtain high-resolution phase-sensitive 2D spectra for the PFG version of many experiments such as COSY, DQF-COSY, and HSQC without adding extra compensating delays or pulses. While reasonable suppression of unwanted magnetization is achieved, this method also gives satisfactory retention of desired signals. As a bonus, the field-frequency lock is not perturbed during the experiments. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.

  9. Additive Manufacturing of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)/poly(ε-caprolactone) Blend Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering.

    PubMed

    Puppi, Dario; Morelli, Andrea; Chiellini, Federica

    2017-05-24

    Additive manufacturing of scaffolds made of a polyhydroxyalkanoate blended with another biocompatible polymer represents a cost-effective strategy for combining the advantages of the two blend components in order to develop tailored tissue engineering approaches. The aim of this study was the development of novel poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co -3-hydroxyhexanoate)/ poly(ε-caprolactone) (PHBHHx/PCL) blend scaffolds for tissue engineering by means of computer-aided wet-spinning, a hybrid additive manufacturing technique suitable for processing polyhydroxyalkanoates dissolved in organic solvents. The experimental conditions for processing tetrahydrofuran solutions containing the two polymers at different concentrations (PHBHHx/PCL weight ratio of 3:1, 2:1 or 1:1) were optimized in order to manufacture scaffolds with predefined geometry and internal porous architecture. PHBHHx/PCL scaffolds with a 3D interconnected network of macropores and a local microporosity of the polymeric matrix, as a consequence of the phase inversion process governing material solidification, were successfully fabricated. As shown by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric, differential scanning calorimetric and uniaxial compressive analyses, blend composition significantly influenced the scaffold morphological, thermal and mechanical properties. In vitro biological characterization showed that the developed scaffolds were able to sustain the adhesion and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 murine preosteoblast cells. The additive manufacturing approach developed in this study, based on a polymeric solution processing method avoiding possible material degradation related to thermal treatments, could represent a powerful tool for the development of customized PHBHHx-based blend scaffolds for tissue engineering.

  10. 1+1=3: Cross-Discipline Collaboration Really Adds Up!

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Breen, Mindy

    2006-01-01

    The Department of Engineering & Design at Eastern Washington University (EWU) offers a bachelor of arts degree in visual communication design and bachelor of science degrees in mechanical engineering technology, manufacturing technology, construction technology, design technology, electrical engineering, computer engineering technology and…

  11. A Global Approach to Engineering

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Carlson, Scott

    2007-01-01

    As American manufacturing moves increasingly overseas and immense growth is forecast in modernizing countries like India and China, engineers need to understand those cultures before designing products for them, say supporters of international-engineering programs. The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET), which accredits…

  12. 40 CFR 94.1107 - Warranty provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... were in general use with engines prior to 1999. For diesel engines, this would generally include...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM MARINE COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES General Enforcement Provisions and Prohibited Acts § 94.1107 Warranty provisions. (a) The manufacturer of each engine must warrant to the...

  13. 40 CFR 94.1107 - Warranty provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... were in general use with engines prior to 1999. For diesel engines, this would generally include...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM MARINE COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES General Enforcement Provisions and Prohibited Acts § 94.1107 Warranty provisions. (a) The manufacturer of each engine must warrant to the...

  14. 40 CFR 94.1107 - Warranty provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... were in general use with engines prior to 1999. For diesel engines, this would generally include...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM MARINE COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES General Enforcement Provisions and Prohibited Acts § 94.1107 Warranty provisions. (a) The manufacturer of each engine must warrant to the...

  15. 40 CFR 94.1107 - Warranty provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... were in general use with engines prior to 1999. For diesel engines, this would generally include...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM MARINE COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES General Enforcement Provisions and Prohibited Acts § 94.1107 Warranty provisions. (a) The manufacturer of each engine must warrant to the...

  16. 40 CFR 94.1107 - Warranty provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... were in general use with engines prior to 1999. For diesel engines, this would generally include...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM MARINE COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES General Enforcement Provisions and Prohibited Acts § 94.1107 Warranty provisions. (a) The manufacturer of each engine must warrant to the...

  17. 40 CFR 90.121 - Certification procedure-recordkeeping.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... the engine, steps taken to insure that it is representative of production engines, description of... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NONROAD SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES AT OR BELOW 19 KILOWATTS... engine manufacturer must maintain the following adequately organized records: (1) Copies of all...

  18. 40 CFR 92.214 - Production locomotives and engines.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Production locomotives and engines. 92... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION FROM LOCOMOTIVES AND LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES Certification Provisions § 92.214 Production locomotives and engines. Any manufacturer or remanufacturer obtaining certification...

  19. Automotive Stirling Engine Development Program. RESD summary report

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1984-01-01

    The design of reference Stirling engine system as well as the engine auxiliaries and controls is described. Manufacturing costs in production quantity are also presented. Engine system performance predictions are discussed and vehicle integration is developed, along with projected fuel economy levels.

  20. Preparing the Next American Manufacturing Workforce

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Taraman, Khalil S.

    2010-01-01

    Manufacturing has a new face--and the future it offers is exciting. But in order to take advantage of what it offers, one needs a plan and he/she has to know how to execute it. In this article, the author discusses how the Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME) is working to get the message out that the future of advanced manufacturing will…

  1. Fostering Innovation in the Manufacturing Sector through R&D Consortia

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    McKittrick, M.

    2017-12-01

    In the U.S. Department of Energy, the Advanced Manufacturing Office (AMO) has the mission to catalyze research, development and adoption of energy-related advanced manufacturing technologies and practices to drive U.S. economic competitiveness and energy productivity. Within strategic areas of manufacturing, AMO brings together manufacturers, suppliers, institutes of higher education, national laboratories, and state and local governments in public-private R&D consortia to accelerate technology innovation. One such R&D Consortia is the Critical Materials Institute (CMI), established in 2013 and led by Ames Laboratory. CMI is a sustained, multidisciplinary effort to develop solutions across the materials lifecycle of materials essential to clean energy technologies and manufacturing, as well as reduce the impact of supply chain disruptions associated with these valuable resources. By bringing together scientists and engineers from diverse disciplines, CMI is addressing challenges in critical materials, including mineral processing, manufacture, substitution, efficient use, and end-of-life recycling; integrating scientific research, engineering innovation, manufacturing and process improvements; and developing a holistic solution to the materials challenges facing the nation. It includes expertise from four national laboratories, seven universities, and ten industry partners to minimize materials criticality as an impediment to the commercialization of clean energy technologies.

  2. 26 CFR 1.460-1 - Long-term contracts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... the manufacture of personal property is a manufacturing contract. In contrast, a contract for the... performance of engineering and design services, and the production of components and subassemblies that are..., enters into a single long-term contract to design and manufacture a satellite and to develop computer...

  3. Control Systems Engineering in Continuous Pharmaceutical Manufacturing May 20-21, 2014 Continuous Manufacturing Symposium.

    PubMed

    Myerson, Allan S; Krumme, Markus; Nasr, Moheb; Thomas, Hayden; Braatz, Richard D

    2015-03-01

    This white paper provides a perspective of the challenges, research needs, and future directions for control systems engineering in continuous pharmaceutical processing. The main motivation for writing this paper is to facilitate the development and deployment of control systems technologies so as to ensure quality of the drug product. Although the main focus is on small-molecule pharmaceutical products, most of the same statements apply to biological drug products. An introduction to continuous manufacturing and control systems is followed by a discussion of the current status and technical needs in process monitoring and control, systems integration, and risk analysis. Some key points are that: (1) the desired objective in continuous manufacturing should be the satisfaction of all critical quality attributes (CQAs), not for all variables to operate at steady-state values; (2) the design of start-up and shutdown procedures can significantly affect the economic operation of a continuous manufacturing process; (3) the traceability of material as it moves through the manufacturing facility is an important consideration that can at least in part be addressed using residence time distributions; and (4) the control systems technologies must assure quality in the presence of disturbances, dynamics, uncertainties, nonlinearities, and constraints. Direct measurement, first-principles and empirical model-based predictions, and design space approaches are described for ensuring that CQA specifications are met. Ways are discussed for universities, regulatory bodies, and industry to facilitate working around or through barriers to the development of control systems engineering technologies for continuous drug manufacturing. Industry and regulatory bodies should work with federal agencies to create federal funding mechanisms to attract faculty to this area. Universities should hire faculty interested in developing first-principles models and control systems technologies for drug manufacturing that are easily transportable to industry. Industry can facilitate the move to continuous manufacturing by working with universities on the conception of new continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing process unit operations that have the potential to make major improvements in product quality, controllability, or reduced capital and/or operating costs. Regulatory bodies should ensure that: (1) regulations and regulatory practices promote, and do not derail, the development and implementation of continuous manufacturing and control systems engineering approaches; (2) the individuals who approve specific regulatory filings are sufficiently trained to make good decisions regarding control systems approaches; (3) provide regulatory clarity and eliminate/reduce regulatory risks; (4) financially support the development of high-quality training materials for use of undergraduate students, graduate students, industrial employees, and regulatory staff; (5) enhance the training of their own technical staff by financially supporting joint research projects with universities in the development of continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing processes and the associated control systems engineering theory, numerical algorithms, and software; and (6) strongly encourage the federal agencies that support research to fund these research areas. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association.

  4. Control systems engineering in continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing. May 20-21, 2014 Continuous Manufacturing Symposium.

    PubMed

    Myerson, Allan S; Krumme, Markus; Nasr, Moheb; Thomas, Hayden; Braatz, Richard D

    2015-03-01

    This white paper provides a perspective of the challenges, research needs, and future directions for control systems engineering in continuous pharmaceutical processing. The main motivation for writing this paper is to facilitate the development and deployment of control systems technologies so as to ensure quality of the drug product. Although the main focus is on small-molecule pharmaceutical products, most of the same statements apply to biological drug products. An introduction to continuous manufacturing and control systems is followed by a discussion of the current status and technical needs in process monitoring and control, systems integration, and risk analysis. Some key points are that: (1) the desired objective in continuous manufacturing should be the satisfaction of all critical quality attributes (CQAs), not for all variables to operate at steady-state values; (2) the design of start-up and shutdown procedures can significantly affect the economic operation of a continuous manufacturing process; (3) the traceability of material as it moves through the manufacturing facility is an important consideration that can at least in part be addressed using residence time distributions; and (4) the control systems technologies must assure quality in the presence of disturbances, dynamics, uncertainties, nonlinearities, and constraints. Direct measurement, first-principles and empirical model-based predictions, and design space approaches are described for ensuring that CQA specifications are met. Ways are discussed for universities, regulatory bodies, and industry to facilitate working around or through barriers to the development of control systems engineering technologies for continuous drug manufacturing. Industry and regulatory bodies should work with federal agencies to create federal funding mechanisms to attract faculty to this area. Universities should hire faculty interested in developing first-principles models and control systems technologies for drug manufacturing that are easily transportable to industry. Industry can facilitate the move to continuous manufacturing by working with universities on the conception of new continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing process unit operations that have the potential to make major improvements in product quality, controllability, or reduced capital and/or operating costs. Regulatory bodies should ensure that: (1) regulations and regulatory practices promote, and do not derail, the development and implementation of continuous manufacturing and control systems engineering approaches; (2) the individuals who approve specific regulatory filings are sufficiently trained to make good decisions regarding control systems approaches; (3) provide regulatory clarity and eliminate/reduce regulatory risks; (4) financially support the development of high-quality training materials for use of undergraduate students, graduate students, industrial employees, and regulatory staff; (5) enhance the training of their own technical staff by financially supporting joint research projects with universities in the development of continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing processes and the associated control systems engineering theory, numerical algorithms, and software; and (6) strongly encourage the federal agencies that support research to fund these research areas. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association.

  5. Metabolic engineering: the ultimate paradigm for continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing.

    PubMed

    Yadav, Vikramaditya G; Stephanopoulos, Gregory

    2014-07-01

    Research and development (R&D) expenditures by pharmaceutical companies doubled over the past decade, yet candidate attrition rates and development times rose markedly during this period. Understandably, companies have begun downsizing their pipelines and diverting investments away from R&D in favor of manufacturing. It is estimated that transitioning to continuous manufacturing could enable companies to compete for a share in emerging markets. Accordingly, the model for continuous manufacturing that has emerged commences with the conversion of late-stage intermediates into the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in a series of continuous flow reactors, followed by continuous solid processing to form finished tablets. The use of flow reactions for API synthesis will certainly generate purer products at higher yields in shorter times compared to equivalent batch reactions. However, transitioning from batch to flow configuration simply alleviates transport limitations within the reaction milieu. As the catalogue of reactions used in flow syntheses is a subset of batch-based chemistries, molecules such as natural products will continue to evade drug prospectors. Also, it is uncertain whether flow synthesis can deliver improvements in the atom and energy economies of API production at the scales that would achieve the levels of revenue growth targeted by companies. Instead, it is argued that implementing metabolic engineering for the production of oxidized scaffolds as gateway molecules for flow-based addition of electrophiles is a more effective and scalable strategy for accessing natural product chemical space. This new paradigm for manufacturing, with metabolic engineering as its engine, would also permit rapid optimization of production variables and allow facile scale-up from gram to ton scale to meet material requirements for clinical trials, thus recasting manufacturing as a tool for discovery. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  6. Mechanical Engineering Department engineering research: Annual report, FY 1986

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Denney, R.M.; Essary, K.L.; Genin, M.S.

    1986-12-01

    This report provides information on the five areas of research interest in LLNL's Mechanical Engineering Department. In Computer Code Development, a solid geometric modeling program is described. In Dynamic Systems and Control, structure control and structure dynamics are discussed. Fabrication technology involves machine cutting, interferometry, and automated optical component manufacturing. Materials engineering reports on composite material research and measurement of molten metal surface properties. In Nondestructive Evaluation, NMR, CAT, and ultrasound machines are applied to manufacturing processes. A model for underground collapse is developed. Finally, an alternative heat exchanger is investigated for use in a fusion power plant. Separate abstractsmore » were prepared for each of the 13 reports in this publication. (JDH)« less

  7. Powder-based 3D printing for bone tissue engineering.

    PubMed

    Brunello, G; Sivolella, S; Meneghello, R; Ferroni, L; Gardin, C; Piattelli, A; Zavan, B; Bressan, E

    2016-01-01

    Bone tissue engineered 3-D constructs customized to patient-specific needs are emerging as attractive biomimetic scaffolds to enhance bone cell and tissue growth and differentiation. The article outlines the features of the most common additive manufacturing technologies (3D printing, stereolithography, fused deposition modeling, and selective laser sintering) used to fabricate bone tissue engineering scaffolds. It concentrates, in particular, on the current state of knowledge concerning powder-based 3D printing, including a description of the properties of powders and binder solutions, the critical phases of scaffold manufacturing, and its applications in bone tissue engineering. Clinical aspects and future applications are also discussed. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  8. Coal-Fired Rocket Engine

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Anderson, Floyd A.

    1987-01-01

    Brief report describes concept for coal-burning hybrid rocket engine. Proposed engine carries larger payload, burns more cleanly, and safer to manufacture and handle than conventional solid-propellant rockets. Thrust changeable in flight, and stops and starts on demand.

  9. Overview of the Integrated Programs for Aerospace Vehicle Design (IPAD) project

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Venneri, S. L.

    1983-01-01

    To respond to national needs for improved productivity in engineering design and manufacturing, a NASA supported joint industry/government project is underway denoted Integrated Programs for Aerospace Vehicle Design (IPAD). The objective is to improve engineering productivity through better use of computer technology. It focuses on development of data base management technology and associated software for integrated company wide management of engineering and manufacturing information. Results to date on the IPAD project include an in depth documentation of a representative design process for a large engineering project, the definition and design of computer aided design software needed to support that process, and the release of prototype software to manage engineering information. This paper provides an overview of the IPAD project and summarizes progress to date and future plans.

  10. 38. Photograph of a line drawing. 'PART III, SECTION 1, ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    38. Photograph of a line drawing. 'PART III, SECTION 1, EQUIPMENT LAYOUT, BUILDINGS G-1 TO G-10 INCL., PURIFICATION, MANUFACTURING AREA, PLAN 'B'.' From U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Industrial Facilities Inventory, Holston Ordnance Works, Kingsport, Tennessee. Plant B, Parts II, III. (Nashville, TN: Office of District Engineer, 1944). - Holston Army Ammunition Plant, RDX-and-Composition-B Manufacturing Line 9, Kingsport, Sullivan County, TN

  11. 43. Photograph of a line drawing. 'PART III, SECTION 1, ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    43. Photograph of a line drawing. 'PART III, SECTION 1, EQUIPMENT LAYOUT, BUILDINGS H-1 TO H-10 INCL., GRINDING, MANUFACTURING AREA, PLANT 'B'.' From U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Industrial Facilities Inventory, Holston Ordnance Works, Kingsport, Tennessee. Plant B, Parts II, III. (Nashville, TN: Office of the District Engineer, 1944). - Holston Army Ammunition Plant, RDX-and-Composition-B Manufacturing Line 9, Kingsport, Sullivan County, TN

  12. The automotive application of discontinuously reinforced TiB-Ti composites

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Saito, Takashi

    2004-05-01

    In 1998, Toyota Motor Corporation adopted intake valves and exhaust valves made of titanium-based alloys for the engine of its Altezza. Both valves were manufactured via a newly developed cost-effective powder metallurgy process. The exhaust valve is made of a newly developed titanium metal-matrix composite (MMC). The valve has achieved sufficient durability and reliability with a manufacturing cost acceptable for the mass-produced automobile engine components.

  13. Engineered TPEs: new materials of choice for health care?

    PubMed

    Decordier, J M

    1992-03-01

    Engineered thermoplastic elastomers (ETPEs) are a relatively young, fast-growing generation of products and have an important strategic influence on both the rubber and plastics market. Much has been written about the increasing usage of plastics in the design and manufacture of medical devices, and today we may add ETPEs to this list, with significant benefits possible for the plastics industry manufacturing elastomeric parts using plastics processing technology.

  14. Understanding the Effects of Team Cognition Associated with Complex Engineering Tasks: Dynamics of Shared Mental Models, Task-SMM, and Team-SMM

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lee, Miyoung; Johnson, Tristan E.

    2008-01-01

    This study investigates how shared mental models (SMMs) change over time in teams of students in a manufacturing engineering course. A complex ill-structured project was given to each team. The objective of the team project was to analyze, test, and propose ways to improve their given manufactured product. Shared mental models were measured in…

  15. 49 CFR 534.2 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... CORPORATE RELATIONSHIPS § 534.2 Applicability. This part applies to manufacturers of passenger automobiles, light trucks, heavy-duty vehicles and the engines manufactured for use in heavy-duty vehicles as defined...

  16. 49 CFR 534.2 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... CORPORATE RELATIONSHIPS § 534.2 Applicability. This part applies to manufacturers of passenger automobiles, light trucks, heavy-duty vehicles and the engines manufactured for use in heavy-duty vehicles as defined...

  17. 49 CFR 534.2 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... CORPORATE RELATIONSHIPS § 534.2 Applicability. This part applies to manufacturers of passenger automobiles, light trucks, heavy-duty vehicles and the engines manufactured for use in heavy-duty vehicles as defined...

  18. 40 CFR 90.113 - In-use testing program for Phase 1 engines.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... emission control technology which most likely will be used on Phase 2 engines; (2) Engine families using...) This section applies only to Phase 1 engines. In-use testing provisions for Phase 2 engines are found... certified in that model year. (2) An engine manufacturer with total projected annual production of 75,000...

  19. 40 CFR 90.113 - In-use testing program for Phase 1 engines.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... emission control technology which most likely will be used on Phase 2 engines; (2) Engine families using...) This section applies only to Phase 1 engines. In-use testing provisions for Phase 2 engines are found... certified in that model year. (2) An engine manufacturer with total projected annual production of 75,000...

  20. 40 CFR 90.113 - In-use testing program for Phase 1 engines.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... emission control technology which most likely will be used on Phase 2 engines; (2) Engine families using...) This section applies only to Phase 1 engines. In-use testing provisions for Phase 2 engines are found... certified in that model year. (2) An engine manufacturer with total projected annual production of 75,000...

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