Out of the Shadows

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Byers, Nina; Williams, Gary

2010-12-01

Foreword Freeman J. Dyson; Introduction Nina Byers; 1. Hertha Aryton 1854-1923 Joan Mason; 2. Margaret Maltby 1860-1944 Peggy Kidwell; 3. Agnes Pockels 1862-1935 Gary A. Williams; 4. Marie Curie 1867-1934 A. Pais; 5. Henrietta Leavitt 1868-1921 Jean L. Turner; 6. Harriet Brooks 1876-1933 C. W. Wong; 7. Lise Meitner 1878-1968 Ruth Lewin Sime; 8. Emmy Noether 1882-1935 Nina Byers; 9. Inge Lehmann 1888-1993 Bruce A. Bolt; 10. Marietta Blau 1894-1970 Leopold Halpern and Maurice M. Shapiro; 11. Hertha Sponer 1895-1968 Helmut Rechenberg; 12. Irene Joliot-Curie 1897-1956 Hélène Langevin-Joliot and Pierre Radvanyi; 13. Katherine Burr Blodgett 1898-1979 Gary A. Williams; 14. Cecilia Payne Gaposchkin 1900-1979 Vera C. Rubin; 15. Mary Cartwright 1900-1998 Freeman J. Dyson; 16. Bertha Jeffreys 1903-1999 Ruth M. Williams; 17. Kathleen Yardley Lonsdale1903-1971 Judith Milledge; 18. Maria Goeppert Mayer 1906-1972 Steven A. Moszkowski; 19. Helen Megaw 1907-2002 A. Michael Glazer and Christine Kelsey; 20. Yvette Cauchois 1908-1999 Christiane Bonnelle; 21. Marguerite Perey 1909-1975 Jean-Pierre Adloff and George B. Kauffman; 22. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin 1910-1994 Jenny P. Glusker; 23. Gertrude Scharff Goldhaber 1911-1998 Alfred Scharff Goldhaber; 24. Chien Shiung Wu 1912-1997 Noemie Bencze-Koller; 25. Margaret E. Burbidge 1919 Virginia Trimble; 26. Phyllis Freier 1921-1992 Cecil J. Waddington; 27. Rosalyn S. Yalow 1921 M. S. Dresselhaus and F. A. Stahl; 28. Esther Conwell 1922 Lewis Rothberg; 29. Cecile Dewitt-Morette 1922 Bryce DeWitt; 30. Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat 1923 James W. York Jr.; 31. Vera Rubin 1928 Robert J. Rubin; 32. Mildred S. Dresselhaus 1930 G. Dresselhaus and F. A. Stahl; 33. Myriam Sarachik 1933 Jonathan R. Friedman; 34. Juliet Lee-Franzini 1933 Paolo Franzini; 35. Helen T. Edwards 1936 John Peoples; 36. Mary K. Gaillard 1939 Andreszej Buras; 37. Renata Kallosh 1943 Andrei Linde and Michael Gutperle; 38. Jocelyn Bell Burnell 1943 Ferdinand V. Coroniti and Gary A. Williams; 39. Gail G. Hanson 1947 David G. Cassel; 40. San Lan Wu David B. Cline.

Disposable sensor based on enzyme-free Ni nanowire array electrode to detect glutamate.

PubMed

Jamal, Mamun; Hasan, Maksudul; Mathewson, Alan; Razeeb, Kafil M

2013-02-15

Enzyme free electrochemical sensor platform based on a vertically aligned nickel nanowire array (NiNAE) and Pt coated nickel nanowire array (Pt/NiNAE) have been developed to detect glutamate. Morphological characterisation of Ni electrodes was carried out using scanning and transmission electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry were used to evaluate the catalytic activity of the NiNAE and the Pt/NiNAE for glutamate. It has been found that both NiNAE and Pt/NiNAE electrodes showed remarkably enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards glutamate compared to planar Ni electrodes, and showed higher catalytic activity when compared to other metallic nanostructure electrodes such as gold nanowire array electrodes (AuNAE) and Pt coated gold nanowire array electrode (Pt/AuNAE). The sensitivity of NiNAE and Pt/NiNAE has been found to be 65 and 96 μA mM(-1) cm(-2), respectively, which is approximately 6 to 9 times higher than the state of the art glutamate sensor. Under optimal detection conditions, the as prepared sensors exhibited linear behaviour for glutamate detection in the concentration up to 8mM for both NiNAE and Pt/NiNAE with a limit of detection of 68 and 83 μM, respectively. Experimental results show that the vertically aligned ordered nickel nanowire array electrode (NiNAE) has significant promise for fabricating cost effective, enzyme-less, sensitive, stable and selective sensor platform. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

El Nino - La Nina Implications on Flood Hazard Mitigation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

R. French; J. Miller

The effects of El Nino and La Nina periods on the maximum daily winter period depths of precipitation are examined using records from five precipitation gages on the Nevada Test Site. The potential implications of these effects are discussed.

Los Alamos on Radio Café: Nina Lanza

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lanza, Nina; Domandi, Mary-Charlotte

2017-04-11

First up in the new series is Los Alamos National Laboratory’s Nina Lanza from the Space and Remote Sensing group. Lanza is a planetary geologist who has been part of the Mars Curiosity Rover “ChemCam” team since 2012.

Launch in orbit of the telescope NINA for cosmic ray observations: preliminary results

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sparvoli, R.; Bidoli, V.; Canestro, A.; Casolino, M.; de Pascale, M. P.; Furano, G.; Iannucci, A.; Morselli, A.; Picozza, P.; Bakaldin, A.; Galper, A.; Koldashov, S.; Korotkov, M.; Leonov, A.; Mikhailov, V.; Murashov, A.; Voronov, S.; Bonvicini, V.; Cirami, R.; Vacchi, A.; Zampa, N.; Ambriola, M.; Bellotti, R.; Cafagna, F.; Ciacio, F.; Circella, M.; de Marzo, C.; Bartalucci, S.; Ricci, M.; Adriani, O.; Papini, P.; Piccardi, S.; Spillantini, P.; Boezio, M.; Castellini, G.

2000-05-01

On July the 10th, 1998 the telescope NINA was launched in space on board the Russian satellite Resurs-01 n.4. The scientific task of the mission is the study of the galactic, solar and anomalous components of the cosmic rays in the energy interval 10-200 MeV/n for contained particles. The core of NINA is a segmented silicon detector mounted onto the satellite so to point to the zenith.In this paper we report about the cosmic ray measurements performed by the telescope during its first 6 months of operation

A case study of a mother's intertwining experiences with incest and postpartum depression

PubMed Central

Røseth, Idun; Bongaardt, Rob; Binder, Per-Einar

2011-01-01

The association between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and major depression disorder (MDD) gives reason to suspect that many mothers with postpartum depression (PPD) have a history of CSA. However, few studies have investigated how CSA and PPD are related. In this case study we explore how the experience of incest intertwines with the experience of postpartum depression. We focus on participant subject “Nina,” who has experienced both. We interviewed her three times and we analysed the interviews with Giorgi's phenomenological descriptive method to arrive at a contextualised meaning structure. Nina's intruding fantasies of men who abuse her children merge with her recollections of her own incest experiences. She may succeed in forcing these fantasies out of her consciousness, but they still alter her perceptions, thoughts, and emotions. She feels overwhelmed and succumbs to sadness, while she also is drawn towards information about CSA, which in turn feeds her fantasies. The psychodynamic concepts of repetition compulsion, transference, and projection may provide some explanation of Nina's actions, thoughts, and emotions through her past experiences. With our phenomenological stance, we aim to acknowledge Nina's descriptions of her everyday life here and now. With reference to Husserl, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, and Minkowski, we show that Nina's past is not a dated memory; rather it determines the structure of her consciousness that constitutes her past as her true present and future. Incest dominates Nina's world, and her possibilities for action are restricted by this perceived world. Any suspension of action implies anguish, and she resolves this by incest-structured action that in turn feeds and colours her expectations. Thus anxiety and depression are intertwined in the structure of this experience. PMID:21760836

A case study of a mother's intertwining experiences with incest and postpartum depression.

PubMed

Røseth, Idun; Bongaardt, Rob; Binder, Per-Einar

2011-01-01

The association between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and major depression disorder (MDD) gives reason to suspect that many mothers with postpartum depression (PPD) have a history of CSA. However, few studies have investigated how CSA and PPD are related. In this case study we explore how the experience of incest intertwines with the experience of postpartum depression. We focus on participant subject "Nina," who has experienced both. We interviewed her three times and we analysed the interviews with Giorgi's phenomenological descriptive method to arrive at a contextualised meaning structure. Nina's intruding fantasies of men who abuse her children merge with her recollections of her own incest experiences. She may succeed in forcing these fantasies out of her consciousness, but they still alter her perceptions, thoughts, and emotions. She feels overwhelmed and succumbs to sadness, while she also is drawn towards information about CSA, which in turn feeds her fantasies. The psychodynamic concepts of repetition compulsion, transference, and projection may provide some explanation of Nina's actions, thoughts, and emotions through her past experiences. With our phenomenological stance, we aim to acknowledge Nina's descriptions of her everyday life here and now. With reference to Husserl, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, and Minkowski, we show that Nina's past is not a dated memory; rather it determines the structure of her consciousness that constitutes her past as her true present and future. Incest dominates Nina's world, and her possibilities for action are restricted by this perceived world. Any suspension of action implies anguish, and she resolves this by incest-structured action that in turn feeds and colours her expectations. Thus anxiety and depression are intertwined in the structure of this experience.

Nontargeted diagnostic ion network analysis (NINA): A software to streamline the analytical workflow for untargeted characterization of natural medicines.

PubMed

Ye, Hui; Zhu, Lin; Sun, Di; Luo, Xiaozhuo; Lu, Gaoyuan; Wang, Hong; Wang, Jing; Cao, Guoxiu; Xiao, Wei; Wang, Zhenzhong; Wang, Guangji; Hao, Haiping

2016-11-30

The characterization of herbal prescriptions serves as a foundation for quality control and regulation of herbal medicines. Previously, the characterization of herbal chemicals from natural medicines often relied on the analysis of signature fragment ions from the acquired tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra with prior knowledge of the herbal species present in the herbal prescriptions of interest. Nevertheless, such an approach is often limited to target components, and it risks missing the critical components that we have no prior knowledge of. We previously reported a "diagnostic ion-guided network bridging" strategy. It is a generally applicable and robust approach to analyze unknown substances from complex mixtures in an untargeted manner. In this study, we have developed a standalone software named "Nontargeted Diagnostic Ion Network Analysis (NINA)" with a graphical user interface based on a strategy for post-acquisition data analysis. NINA allows one to rapidly determine the nontargeted diagnostic ions (NIs) by summarizing all of the fragment ions shared by the precursors from the acquired MS/MS spectra. A NI-guided network using bridging components that possess two or more NIs can then be established via NINA. With such a network, we could sequentially identify the structures of all the NIs once a single compound has been identified de novo. The structures of NIs can then be used as "priori" knowledge to narrow the candidates containing the sub-structure of the corresponding NI from the database hits. Subsequently, we applied the NINA software to the characterization of a model herbal prescription, Re-Du-Ning injection, and rapidly identified 56 herbal chemicals from the prescription using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight system in the negative mode with no knowledge of the herbal species or herbal chemicals in the mixture. Therefore, we believe the applications of NINA will greatly facilitate the characterization of complex mixtures, such as natural medicines, especially when no advance information is available. In addition to herbal medicines, the NINA-based workflow will also benefit many other fields, such as environmental analysis, nutritional science, and forensic analysis. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Satellite Telescope Nina for Nuclear and Isotopic Investigations in Space

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Circella, M.; Bidoli, V.; Casolino, M.; de Pascale, M. P.; Morselli, A.; Furano, G.; Picozza, P.; Scoscini, A.; Sparvoli, R.; Barbiellini, G.; Bonvicini, W.; Cirami, R.; Schiavon, P.; Vacchi, A.; Zampa, N.; Ambriola, M.; Bellotti, R.; Cafagna, F.; Ciacio, F.; de Marzo, C.; Bartalucci, S.; Giuntoli, S.; Ricci, M.; Papini, P.; Piccardi, S.; Spillantini, P.; Bakaldin, A.; Batishev, A.; Galper, A. M.; Koldashov, S.; Mikhailov, V.; Murashov, A.; Voronov, S.; Boezio, M.

2000-09-01

NINA is a satellite silicon detector designed to perform measurements of the nuclear and isotopic composition of the galactic and anomalous components of cosmic rays, as well as of the energetic particles associated with solar flares. It has been orbiting the Earth onboard the Russian satellite Resource 01 n. 4 since July 1998. It can perform nuclear discrimination from hydrogen to iron as well as isotopic analyses at least up to the beryllium isotopes in a large energy range. NINA is the first step of the wide scientific program WiZard-RIM, which includes the design and deployment of the PAMELA magnet spectrometer.

Dilator and constrictor response of renal vasculature during acute renal hypotension in anesthetized goats. Role of nitric oxide.

PubMed

Diéguez, Godofredo; García-Villalón, Angel Luis

2011-01-01

The relative role of NO derived from endothelium NO synthase (eNOS) and neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) in renovascular reactivity during renal hypotension is unknown. To examine this issue, we recorded the effects of unspecific inhibitor of NO synthase N(w)-nitro-L-arginine methyl esther (L-NAME) and inhibitor of nNOS 7-nitroindazole monosodium salt (7-NINA) on renal vasodilator and vasoconstrictor responses in anesthetized goats during renal hypotension by constricting the abdominal aorta. Intrarenal administration of L-NAME and hypotension, either untreated or treated with L-NAME, decreased resting renal blood flow, and the increases in renal blood flow by acetylcholine but not those by sodium nitroprusside were tempered, and the decreases by norepinephrine and angiotensin II were augmented. Intraperitoneal administration of 7-NINA did not affect, and 7-NINA+hypotension decreased renal blood flow, and under these conditions the increases in renal blood flow by acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were not modified, and the decreases by norepinephrine and angiotensin II were slightly (during 7-NINA) or consistently augmented (7-NINA+hypotension). Therefore, NO derived from eNOS plays a significant role, while that derived from nNOS plays a little role, if any, to regulate renal blood flow and to mediate acetylcholine-induced vasodilation, as well to modulate renal vasoconstriction by norepinephrine and angiotensin II. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Light Isotope Abundances in Solar Energetic Particles Measured by the NINA-2 Instrument

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mikhailov, V. V.; Bakaldin, A.; Galper, A.; Koldashov, S.; Korotkov, M.; Leonov, A.; Mikhaylova, J.; Voronov, S.; Bidoli, V.; Casolino, M.; De Pascale, M.; Furano, G.; Iannucci, A.; Morselli, A.; Picozza, P.; Sparvoli, R.; Boezio, M.; Bonvicini, V.; Vacchi, A.; Zampa, N.; Ambriola, M.; Bellotti, R.; Cafagna, F.; Circella, M.; De Marzo, C.; Adriani, O.; Papini, P.; Spillantini, P.; Straulino, S.; Vannuccini, E.; Ricci, M.; Castellini, G.

2003-07-01

The instrument NINA-2 flew on board the satellite MITA between July 2000 and August 2001, in circular polar orbit. This paper reports about a set of Solar Energetic Particle events measured by the NINA-2 instrument. The detector has mass resolution of about 0.15 amu for light nuclei and gives the possibility to observe hydrogen and helium isotop es in the energy range 10-50 MeV/n. Data of 3 He and 4 He were used to determine the 3 He/4 He ratio. For each event the deuterium-to-proton ratio was also estimated. This ratio, averaged over all events, is less than 3×10-5 .

The Role of Solar Eclipses in El Nino/La Nina Events

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chiu, B. C.

2005-08-01

The first hint of the fact that solar eclipses mark the enhanced storms called El Nino or La Nina, came from the article by Robert Allan on analysis of frequencies of these events (2001, perhaps Fourier analysis). One mystery was the cause of a cycle with period 15 to 20 years. But the Saros Series of solar eclipses has a period of 18+ years. Then we had the data from Galapagos Islands for the whole 20th century (Philander 2004). The graph of high and low temperatures indicates El Ninos and La Ninas. A search through charts of solar eclipses for those with good locations for bringing high tides at the Tropics, gave a good picture: those at the eastern coast of the pacific Ocean gave El Ninos, and those at the west gave La Ninas. More than half of the peaks and troughs on the temperature graph can be identified with solar eclipses. We looked more closely at a few events that caused great storms. They are described in J. M. Nash's book, ``El Nino" (2002). The most striking case is that of the 1998 Feb. 22 solar eclipse, which corresponds to the so-called El Nino of 1997-98. In conclusion, I would say that the annual El nino effect is due to the sun's travel between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn. But the enhanced El Niino/La Nina is due to the coming together of sun and moon in the solar eclipses, which seem to come irregularly.

Impact of El Nino and La Nina on the meteorological elements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jaiswal, Rajasri Sen; Subitha, T.; Samuthra, G.; Punitha, M.; Vinotha, R.

2016-05-01

The El Nino and La Nina have been found to influence the weather at a remote place. In this paper, the authors investigate the impact of El Nino & La Nina on the surface temperature and rainfall over few selected locations in India and abroad. The study shows that the ENSO affects the surface rainfall; however, the impact is not the same over all the locations. In order to find out whether such influence is latitude sensitive, the study has been performed over locations located at different latitudes and at a fixed longitude. To check if the El Nino/La Nina leaves any impressions on the upper air meteorological elements, the cloud liquid water (CLW), precipitation water (PW), latent heat (LH), freezing level height (HFL) and the bright band height (BBH) over a few locations have been studied from the Earth's surface up to a height of 18 km above. The CLW, PW and LH values have been obtained from the data product 2A12 of the Tropical Microwave Imager (TMI) onboard the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Satellite (TRMM), while that of the BBH and the HFL are obtained from the data product 2A23 of the precipitation radar (PR) onboard the TRMM.

The Gift of the Poinsettia = El regalo de la flor de Nochebuena.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mora, Pat; Berg, Charles Ramirez

This bilingual (English and Spanish) illustrated children's book relates the story of Carlos, a young boy who lives with his aunt Nina and dog Chico in the small Mexican town of San Bernardo. Nina and Carlos are poor, but their house is full of love. Carlos is excited because he is getting ready to attend the first night of "las…

Lightning activity with rainfall during El Nino and La Nina events over India

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tinmaker, M. I. R.; Aslam, M. Y.; Ghude, Sachin D.; Chate, D. M.

2017-10-01

This paper appraises the association of lightning flash count (FC) with rainfall using the satellite-borne Lightning Imaging Sensor's (LIS) data along with gridded rainfall data (0.5o × 0.5o) for Indian summer monsoon seasons over 10 years (2001-2010). During strong El Nino years, 2002 and 2009, FCs were greater in magnitude by about 26.5 % and 37 %, than the long-term average, respectively, while during weak El Nino year (2004), it was more by 8 %. During the same years, the rainfall was deficient by about 10 % than the long-term average. Similarly, a rise in aerosol optical depth (AOD) over its average value (by about 15 % and 20 %) reduces the ratio of rainfall to FC (RLR) by 41 % and 44 % for strong El Nino years 2002 and 2009, respectively, and for weak El Nino year (2004), a 6.5 % rise in AOD lowers the RLR by 20 %. Bowen ratio more by 11 % and 17 % of its average value reduces the RLR by 41 % and 44 % for strong El Nino years 2002 and 2009, respectively, and, also, Bowen ratio higher by 8 % for 2004 declines RLR by 20 %. On the other hand, Bowen ratio less by 9 % and 6 % raises the RLR by 19 % and 56 % for moderate La Nina year (2007) and strong La Nina year (2010), respectively. Results for the daily rainfall, AOD and Bowen ratio over Indian regions, are discussed for strong El Nino and La Nina years. Correlations of FC with AOD and Bowen ratio of 0.66 and 0.71, respectively, while, that of FC with ONI of 0.56 indicates numerous (fewer) break days during El Nino (La Nina) years.

The small satellite NINA-MITA to study galactic and solar cosmic rays in low-altitude polar orbit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Furano, G.; Bidoli, V.; Casolino, M.; de Pascale, M. P.; Iannucci, A.; Morselli, A.; Picozza, P.; Reali, E.; Sparvoli, R.; Bakaldin, A.; Galper, A.; Koldashov, M.; Korotkov, M.; Leonov, A.; Mikhailov, V.; Murashov, A.; Voronov, S.; Mazzenga, G.; Ricci, M.; Castellini, G.; Barbiellini, M.; Boezio, M.; Bonvicini, V.; Cirami, R.; Vacchi, A.; Zampa, N.; Ambriola, M.; Bellotti, R.; Cafagna, F.; Ciacio, F.; Circella, M.; de Marzo, C.; Adriani, O.; Papini, P.; Piccardi, S.; Spillantini, P.

The satellite MITA, carrying on board the scientific payload NINA-2, was launched on July the 15th, 2000 from the cosmodrome of Plesetsk (Russia) with a Cosmos-3M rocket. The satellite and the payload are currently operating within nominal parameters. NINA-2 is the first scientific payload for the technological flight of the Italian small satellite MITA. The detector used in this mission is identical to the one already flying on the Russian satellite Resurs-O1 n.4 in a 840-km sun-synchronous orbit, but makes use of the extensive computer and telemetry capabilities of MITA bus to improve the active data acquisition time. NINA physics objectives are to study cosmic nuclei from hydrogen to iron in the energy range between 10 MeV/n and 1 GeV/n during the years 2000-2003, that is the solar maximum period. The device is capable of charge identification up to iron with isotope sensitivity up to oxigen. The 87.3 degrees, 460 km altitude polar orbit allows investigations of cosmic rays of solar and galactic origin, so to study long and short term solar transient phenomena, and the study of the trapped radiation at higher geomagnetic cutoff.

Climate Variability Drives Plankton Community Composition Changes: the 2010-2011 El Nino to La Nina Transition Around Australia

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thompson, Peter A.; Bonham, Pru; Thomson, Paul; Rochester, Wayne; Doblin, Martina A.; Waite, Anya M.; Richardson, Anthony; Rousseaux, Cecile S.

2015-01-01

The strong La Nina of 2010-2011 provided an opportunity to investigate the ecological impacts of El Nino-Southern Oscillation on coastal plankton communities using the nine national reference stations around Australia. Based on remote sensing and across the entire Australian region 2011 (La Nina) was only modestly different from 2010 (El Nino) with the average temperature declining 0.2 percent surface chlorophyll a up 3 percent and modelled primary production down 14 percent. Other changes included a poleward shift in Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus. Along the east coast, there was a reduction in salinity, increase in nutrients, Chlorophytes and Prasinophytes (taxa with chlorophyll b, neoxanthin and prasinoxanthin). The southwest region had a rise in the proportion of 19-hexoyloxyfucoxanthin; possibly coccolithophorids in eddies of the Leeuwin Current and along the sub-tropical front. Pennate diatoms increased, Ceratium spp. decreased and Scrippsiella spp. increased in 2011. Zooplankton biomass declined significantly in 2011. There was a reduction in the abundance of Calocalanus pavo and Temora turbinata and increases in Clausocalanus farrani, Oncaea scottodicarloi and Macrosetella gracilis in 2011. The changes in the plankton community during the strong La Nina of 2011 suggest that this climatic oscillation exacerbates the tropicalization of Australia.

ENSO influence on the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone as derived from the satellite observations, reanalysis and model simulations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yan, Xiaolu; Konopka, Paul; Ploeger, Felix; Tao, Mengchu; Bian, Jianchun; Mueller, Rolf

2017-04-01

El Nino and La Nina are opposite phases of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The extremes of ENSO patterns have impacts not only on ocean processes, but also on global weather and climate. The ENSO activities typically show pronounced features in boreal winter time, but some prolonged events may last for months or years. In this study we analyze the influence of ENSO on the atmospheric composition in the tropical and extra-tropical UTLS region in the months following strong ENSO events. In particular, we are interested in the impact of ENSO on the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) anticyclone. Using the Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI), we define two composites starting from strong El Nino and La Nina winters (|MEI|>0.9) and analyze the anomalies caused by them in the following months. To quantify the differences in dynamics, the velocity potential (VP) and the stream function (SF) are calculated based on ERA-Interim reanalysis from 1979 to 2015. SF shows that during winter the horizontal flow in the tropical UTLS is dominated by two equatorially symmetric anticyclones resembling the well-known Matsuno-Gill solution. In summer, the anticyclone in the North Hemisphere is shifted to the ASM region. VP shows that the centers of the divergent part of the flow lie in the West Tropical Pacific and Central Pacific for La Nina and El Nino winters, respectively. These centers move northwestwards during spring and summer. The anticyclone, subtropical jet and the divergent part of the flow after La Nina winters are significantly stronger than after El Nino winters. Based on the MLS measurements of CO, H2O and O3 from 2004 to 2015, we also discuss the respective anomalies at the tropopause level for the El Nino/La Nina composites. EL Nino composite of CO shows higher values in the tropical region not only during winter but also during spring and summer. La Nina composite of H2O shows low anomaly over Maritime Continent which spread over the whole tropics until summer. The H2O anomalies are consistent with the respective composites of the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR). O3 composites show more zonally symmetric features during and after strong El Nino than La Nina events. We also discuss the distribution of the mean age, H2O and O3 from the CLaMS simulation during 1979-2015. The distributions of mean age and O3 are well-correlated. The patterns of H2O and O3 distributions from CLaMS show similar features comparing with those from MLS. The difference between the El Nino/La Nina composites becomes insignificant in late summer. El Nino episodes which last until the next winter are also selected (1987, 1992 and 1993). The SF and VP distributions show strongest anomalies during these three years comparing with all El Nino results. In particular, ASM anticyclone is weak during these periods. Accordingly, O3 and H2O concentrations in the tropics show weak intrusions from the subtropics during summer. This indicates that if El Nino does not decay until the following summer, the ASM anticyclone will be significantly weaker.

In-Orbit Performance of the Space Telescope NINA and Galactic Cosmic-Ray Flux Measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bidoli, V.; Canestro, A.; Casolino, M.; De Pascale, M. P.; Furano, G.; Iannucci, A.; Morselli, A.; Picozza, P.; Reali, E.; Sparvoli, R.; Bakaldin, A.; Galper, A.; Koldashov, S.; Korotkov, M.; Leonov, A.; Mikhailov, V.; Murashov, A.; Voronov, S.; Boezio, M.; Bonvicini, V.; Cirami, R.; Vacchi, A.; Zampa, N.; Ambriola, M.; Bellotti, R.; Cafagna, F.; Ciacio, F.; Circella, M.; De Marzo, C.; Adriani, O.; Papini, P.; Piccardi, S.; Spillantini, P.; Straulino, S.; Bartalucci, S.; Mazzenga, G.; Ricci, M.; Castellini, G.

2001-02-01

The NINA apparatus, on board the Russian satellite Resurs-01 No. 4, has been in polar orbit since 1998 July 10, at an altitude of 840 km. Its main scientific task is to study the Galactic, solar, and anomalous components of cosmic rays in the energy interval 10-200 MeV nucleon-1. In this paper we present a description of the instrument and its basic operating modes. Measurements of Galactic cosmic-ray spectra will also be shown.

On the equipotential surface hypothesis of lunar maria floors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arkani-Hamed, Jafar; Konopliv, A. S.; Sjogren, W. L.

1999-03-01

The equipotential surface hypothesis suggests that lunar maria floors lie on a surface parallel to the selenoid. This is examined using the spherical harmonic representations of the Clementine topography and Lunar Prospector gravity data. It is demonstrated that the floors of both circular and noncircular maria significantly deviate from an equipotential surface. Deeper circular maria and the deeper part of the noncircular Mare Tranquillitatis have been subsided under larger mass loads in the crust. We calculate the mass beneath the maria to be in excess to the mass required for isostatic compensation of the topography at 60 km depth. A global map of this excess mass shows that the noncircular maria are isostatically compensated, unlike the circular maria. The map also reveals seven new sizable mascons: the three largest are associated with Mendel-Rydberg, Mare Humboldtianum, and Mare Moscoviense.

The space telescope NINA: results of a beam test calibration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bidoli, V.; Casolino, M.; Pascale, M. P. D.; Morselli, A.; Furano, G.; Picozza, P.; Scoscini, A.; Sparvoli, R.; Barbiellini, G.; Bonvicini, W.; Cirami, R.; Schiavon, P.; Vacchi, A.; Zampa, N.; Ambriola, M.; Bellotti, R.; Cafagna, F.; Ciacio, F.; Castellano, M.; Circella, M.; Marzo, C. D.; Bartalucci, S.; Giuntoli, S.; Ricci, M.; Papini, P.; Piccardi, S.; Spillantini, P.; Bakaldin, A.; Batishev, A.; Galper, A. M.; Koldashov, S.; Korotkov, M.; Mikhailov, V.; Murashov, A.; Voronov, S.; Boezio, M.

1999-03-01

In June 1998 the telescope NINA will be launched in space on board of the Russian satellite Resource-01 n.4. The main scientific objective of the mission is the study of the anomalous, galactic and solar components of the cosmic rays in the energy interval 10-200MeV/n. The core of the instrument is a silicon detector whose performances have been tested with a particle beam at the GSI Laboratory in Germany in 1997; we report here on the results obtained during the beam calibration.

Conservation of Endangered Lupinus mariae-josephae in Its Natural Habitat by Inoculation with Selected, Native Bradyrhizobium Strains

PubMed Central

Navarro, Albert; Fos, Simón; Laguna, Emilio; Durán, David; Rey, Luis; Rubio-Sanz, Laura; Imperial, Juan; Ruiz-Argüeso, Tomás

2014-01-01

Lupinus mariae-josephae is a recently discovered endemism that is only found in alkaline-limed soils, a unique habitat for lupines, from a small area in Valencia region (Spain). In these soils, L. mariae-josephae grows in just a few defined patches, and previous conservation efforts directed towards controlled plant reproduction have been unsuccessful. We have previously shown that L. mariae-josephae plants establish a specific root nodule symbiosis with bradyrhizobia present in those soils, and we reasoned that the paucity of these bacteria in soils might contribute to the lack of success in reproducing plants for conservation purposes. Greenhouse experiments using L. mariae-josephae trap-plants showed the absence or near absence of L. mariae-josephae-nodulating bacteria in “terra rossa” soils of Valencia outside of L. mariae-josephae plant patches, and in other “terra rossa” or alkaline red soils of the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands outside of the Valencia L. mariae-josephae endemism region. Among the bradyrhizobia able to establish an efficient symbiosis with L. mariae-josephae plants, two strains, LmjC and LmjM3 were selected as inoculum for seed coating. Two planting experiments were carried out in consecutive years under natural conditions in areas with edapho-climatic characteristics identical to those sustaining natural L. mariae-josephae populations, and successful reproduction of the plant was achieved. Interestingly, the successful reproductive cycle was absolutely dependent on seedling inoculation with effective bradyrhizobia, and optimal performance was observed in plants inoculated with LmjC, a strain that had previously shown the most efficient behavior under controlled conditions. Our results define conditions for L. mariae-josephae conservation and for extension to alkaline-limed soil habitats, where no other known lupine can thrive. PMID:25019379

Differential imprints of different ENSO flavors in global patterns of seasonal precipitation extremes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wiedermann, Marc; Siegmund, Jonatan F.; Donges, Jonathan F.; Donner, Reik V.

2017-04-01

The El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) with its positive (El Nino) and negative (La Nina) phases is known to trigger climatic responses in various parts of the Earth, an effect commonly attributed to teleconnectivity. A series of studies has demonstrated that El Nino periods exhibits a relatively broad variety of spatial patterns, which can be classified into two main flavors termed East Pacific (EP, canonical) and Central Pacific (CP, Modoki) El Nino, and that both subtypes can trigger distinct climatic responses like droughts vs. precipitation increases at the regional level. More recently, a similar discrimination of La Nina periods into two different flavors has been reported, and it is reasonable to assume that these different expressions are equally accompanied by differential responses of regional climate variability in particularly affected regions. In this work, we study in great detail the imprints of both types of El Nino and La Nina periods in extremal seasonal precipitation sums during fall (SON), winter (DJF) and spring (MAM) around the peak time of the corresponding ENSO phase. For this purpose, we employ a recently developed objective classification of El Nino and La Nina periods into their two respective flavors based on global teleconnectivity patterns in daily surface air temperature anomalies as captured by the associated climate network representations (Wiedermann et al., 2016). In order to study the statistical relevance of the timing of different El Nino and La Nina types on that of seasonal precipitation extremes around the globe (according to the GPCC data set as a reference), we utilize event coincidence analysis (Donges et al., 2016), a new powerful yet conceptually simple and intuitive statistical tool that allows quantifying the degree of simultaneity of distinct events in pairs of time series. Our results provide a comprehensive overview on ENSO related imprints in regional seasonal precipitation extremes. We demonstrate that key interlinkages between ENSO phases and droughts as well as extremely wet seasons depend crucially on the specific type of El Nino and La Nina event, highlighting the importance of correctly attributing the corresponding flavors when aiming to anticipate the likelihood of precipitation extremes. Straightforward upcoming extensions of the present work will address the imprints of ENSO types and flavors on extremes at different time scales that can be found in other relevant climate variables such as air temperature or more complex drought indices, as well as an assessment of the representation of the empirically found statistical relationships in contemporary climate models operated in hindcast as well as RCP scenario modes. M. Wiedermann, A. Radebach, J.F. Donges, J. Kurths, R.V. Donner: A climate network-based index to discriminate different types of El Nino and La Nina. Geophysical Research Letters, 43, 069119 (2016) J.F. Donges, C.-F. Schleussner, J.F. Siegmund, R.V. Donner: Event coincidence analysis for quantifying statistical interrelationships between event time series - On the role of extreme flood events as possible drivers of epidemics. European Physical Journal - Special Topics, 225(3), 471-487 (2016)

Intrinsic Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Modes of the Asian Summer Monsoon: A Re-assessment of Monsoon-ENSO Relationships

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lau, K.-M.; Wu, H. T.

2000-01-01

Using global rainfall and sea surface temperature (SST) data for the past two decades (1979-1998), we have investigated the intrinsic modes of Asian summer monsoon (ASM) and ENSO co-variability. Three recurring ASM rainfall-SST coupled modes were identified. The first is a basin scale mode that features SST and rainfall variability over the entire tropics (including the ASM region), identifiable with those occurring during El Nino or La Nina. This mode is further characterized by a pronounced biennial variation in ASM rainfall and SST associated with fluctuations of the anomalous Walker circulation that occur during El Nino/La Nina transitions. The second mode comprises mixed regional and basin-scale rainfall and SST signals, with pronounced intraseasonal and interannual variabilities. This mode features a SST pattern associated with a developing La Nina, with a pronounced low level anticyclone in the subtropics of the western Pacific off the coast of East Asia. The third mode depicts an east-west rainfall and SST dipole across the southern equatorial Indian Ocean, most likely stemming from coupled ocean-atmosphere processes within the ASM region. This mode also possesses a decadal time scale and a linear trend, which are not associated with El Nino/La Nina variability. Possible causes of year-to-year rainfall variability over the ASM and sub-regions have been evaluated from a reconstruction of the observed rainfall from singular eigenvectors of the coupled modes. It is found that while basin-scale SST can account for portions of ASM rainfall variability during ENSO events (up to 60% in 1998), regional processes can accounts up to 20-25% of the rainfall variability in typical non-ENSO years. Stronger monsoon-ENSO relationship tends to occur in the boreal summer immediately preceding a pronounced La Nina, i.e., 1998, 1988 and 1983. Based on these results, we discuss the possible impacts of the ASM on ENSO variability via the west Pacific anticyclone and articulate a hypothesis that anomalous wind forcings derived from the anticyclone may be instrumental in inducing a strong biennial modulation to natural ENSO cycles.

Effects of ENSO on weather-type frequencies and properties at New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

USGS Publications Warehouse

McCabe, G.J.; Muller, R.A.

2002-01-01

Examination of historical climate records indicates a significant relation between the El Nin??o/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and seasonal temperature and precipitation in Louisiana. In this study, a 40 yr record of twice daily (06:00 and 15:00 h local time) weather types are used to study the effects of ENSO variability on the local climate at New Orleans, Louisiana. Tropical Pacific sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) for the NINO3.4 region are used to define ENSO events (i.e. El Nin??o and La Nin??a events), and daily precipitation and temperature data for New Orleans are used to define weather-type precipitation and temperature properties. Data for winters (December through February) 1962-2000 are analyzed. The 39 winters are divided into 3 categories; winters with NINO3.4 SST anomalies 1??C (El Nin??o events), and neutral conditions (all other years). For each category, weather-type frequencies and properties (i.e. precipitation and temperature) are determined and analyzed. Results indicate that El Nin??o events primarily affect precipitation characteristics of weather types at New Orleans, whereas the effects of La Nin??a events are most apparent in weather-type frequencies. During El Nin??o events, precipitation for some of the weather types is greater than during neutral and La Nin??a conditions and is related to increased water vapor transport from the Tropics to the Gulf of Mexico. The changes in weather-type frequencies during La Nin??a events are indicative of a northward shift in storm tracks and/or a decrease in storm frequency in southern Louisiana.

Facilitating Intercultural Communication in Parent-Teacher Conferences: Lessons from Child Translators

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garcia-Sanchez, Inmaculada M.; Orellana, Marjorie Faulstich; Hopkins, Megan

2011-01-01

Maria was a fifth grade student when the authors met her in a study of immigrant child-language brokers. Her family immigrated from a farming community in Mexico to a Chicago suburb where there were limited bilingual resources. Maria's mother did not speak fluent English, and Maria's teachers did not speak Spanish, so Maria often served as a…

Maria Skłodowska-Curie, her life and work - the 150 anniversary of her birthday

PubMed

Dobrzyńska, Małgorzata M.

Maria Skłodowska was born on November 7, 1867 in Warsaw (Poland). Her parents were teachers. Maria’s mother has died in 1878 of tuberculosis. In 1893 and 1894, respectively, Maria was awarded master’s degrees in physics and in mathematics from the Sorbonne University. In 1895 Maria married Pierre Curie. In 1897 their daughter Irene was born. Maria investigated rays emitted by uranium salts. She hypothesized that the radiation come from atom and called this phenomenon “radioactivity”. In 1898, Maria and Pierre discovered new radioactive elements polonium and radium. In 1902 she isolated pure radium chloride and defined radium atomic mass. In June 1903, Maria supervised by Professor Lippmann was awarded her doctorate in physics from the Sorbonne University of Paris after presentation of the thesis “Investigation of radioactive bodies”. In December 1903, Maria was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, along with her husband Pierre and Henri Becquerel, for their work on radioactivity. In 1904, the daughter Eve was born. On 19 April 1906, Pierre was killed in a road accident in Paris. In 1910 Maria isolated radium as a pure metal. She also defined an international standard for radioactive emissions (curie), published her fundamental results on radioactivity and textbook of radiology. She also defined the international pattern of radium. In 1911, she won her second Nobel Prize, this time in Chemistry, for her discovery of radium and polonium. In 1914 she was appointed director in the Radium Institute in Paris. During World War I, Maria became the director of the Red Cross Radiology Service and set up France’s first military radiology centre. In May 1932 she has attended the official opening ceremony of the Radium Institute in Warsaw. On 4 July 1934, Maria Skłodowska-Curie has died aged 66 years in Sancellemoz sanatorium (France) of aplastic anemia.

Understanding Changes in Water Availability in the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo del Norte Basin Under the Influence of Large-Scale Circulation Indices Using the Noah Land Surface Model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Khedun, C. Prakash; Mishra, Ashok K.; Bolten, John D.; Beaudoing, Hiroko K.; Kaiser, Ronald A.; Giardino, J. Richard; Singh, Vijay P.

2012-01-01

Water availability plays an important role in the socio-economic development of a region. It is however, subject to the influence of large-scale circulation indices, resulting in periodic excesses and deficits. An assessment of the degree of correlation between climate indices and water availability, and the quantification of changes with respect to major climate events is important for long-term water resources planning and management, especially in transboundary basins as it can help in conflict avoidance. In this study we first establish the correlation of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) with gauged precipitation in the Rio Grande basin, and quantify the changes in water availability using runoff generated from the Noah land surface model. Both spatial and temporal variations are noted, with winter and spring being most influenced by conditions in the Pacific Ocean. Negative correlation is observed at the headwaters and positive correlation across the rest of the basin. The influence of individual ENSO events, classified using four different criteria, is also examined. El Ninos (La Ninas) generally cause an increase (decrease) in runoff, but the pattern is not consistent; percentage change in water availability varies across events. Further, positive PDO enhances the effect of El Nino and dampens that of La Nina, but during neutral/transitioning PDO, La Nina dominates meteorological conditions. Long El Ninos have more influence on water availability than short duration high intensity events. We also note that the percentage increase during El Ninos significantly offsets the drought-causing effect of La Ninas.

Tropical Wave-Induced Oceanic Eddies at Cabo Corrientes and the Maria Islands, Mexico

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-05-30

Waves Induce Oceanic Eddies at Cabo Corrientes and the Maria Islands, Mexico 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 0601153N 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d...Research Laboratory (NRL) Layered Ocean Model (NLOM) show the existence of anticyclonic eddies in the Cabo Corrientes - Maria Islands region off the...Mexican West Coast. Analysis of the results demonstrates that: (1) The Cabo Corrientes - Maria Islands region is characterized by mean poleward coastal

Nina Starr Braunwald's Career, Legacy, and Awards: Results of a Survey of The Thoracic Surgery Foundation Award Recipients.

PubMed

Blackmon, Shanda H; Carpenter, Andrea J

2018-03-16

The legacy of Nina Starr Braunwald lives on in the form of her innovations, clearing a path for women in cardiothoracic surgery, and the lives of those she has trained or supported. As one of the early pioneers in cardiac surgery, she represents what is excellent in our profession. The Braunwald family has donated to The Thoracic Surgery Foundation in the form of Research Awards, and a survey was conducted to determine the career paths of recipients since the first award in 1993. Copyright © 2018 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Single-Use, Electricity-Free Amplification Device for Detection of HIV-1

PubMed Central

Curtis, Kelly A.; Rudolph, Donna L.; Morrison, Daphne; Guelig, Dylan; Diesburg, Steven; McAdams, David; Burton, Robert A.; LaBarre, Paul; Owen, Michele

2016-01-01

Early and accurate diagnosis of HIV is key for the reduction of transmission and initiation of patient care. The availability of a rapid nucleic acid test (NAT) for use at the point-of-care (POC) will fill a gap in HIV diagnostics, improving the diagnosis of acute infection and HIV in infants born to infected mothers. In this study, we evaluated the performance of non-instrumented nucleic acid amplification, single-use disposable (NINA-SUD) devices for the detection of HIV-1 in whole blood using reverse-transcription, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) with lyophilized reagents. The NINA-SUD heating device harnesses the heat from an exothermic chemical reaction initiated by the addition of saline to magnesium iron powder. Reproducibility was demonstrated between NINA-SUD units and comparable, if not superior, performance for detecting clinical specimens was observed as compared to the thermal cycler. The stability of the lyophilized HIV-1 RT-LAMP reagents was also demonstrated following storage at −20, 4, 25, and 30°C for up to one month. The single-use, disposable NAT minimizes hands-on time and has the potential to facilitate HIV-1 testing in resource-limited settings or at the POC. PMID:27616198

Appel Botha: The abc of a three hundred year old divorce case.

PubMed

Greeff, Jaco M; Erasmus, J Christoff

2013-09-01

In 1683 Maria Kickers and Jan Cornelitz got married in Cape Town. Today, 330 years later, the living patrilineal descendants of Maria's four sons, number in excess of 76,000 people. Curiously, none of them carry the surname Cornelitz - in fact, they are all called Botha and include former President P.W. Botha, general Louis Botha and Minister Pik Botha. The reason for this anomaly is also the reason why Jan got divorced from Maria in 1700. According to Maria's testimonies she did indeed have a long term relationship with Frederik Botha, but in her defence she claimed that her husband was impotent and that he actually encouraged her. Other witnesses, presumably prompted by Jan, gave testimonies that implied that Maria was in fact licentious. We combined haplotyping with the AmpFℓSTR(®) Yfiler™ kit with deep-rooting genealogies to show that Maria's first son was actually fathered by Ferdinandus Appel and that roughly half the living Bothas (38,000 people) actually descend from Ferdinandus Appel while the remaining three sons all stem from the same father, presumably Frederik Botha, and this implies that Maria's husband did not father any of her sons. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Magnetic resonance index of activity (MaRIA) and Clermont score are highly and equally effective MRI indices in detecting mucosal healing in Crohn's disease.

PubMed

Buisson, Anthony; Pereira, Bruno; Goutte, Marion; Reymond, Maud; Allimant, Christophe; Obritin-Guilhen, Hélène; Bommelaer, Gilles; Hordonneau, Constance

2017-11-01

Magnetic resonance index of activity (MaRIA) and Clermont score are currently the two main MRI indices that have been validated compared to endoscopy in Crohn's disease (CD). To compare the accuracy of MaRIA and Clermont score in assessing CD mucosal healing. Fourty-four CD patients underwent prospectively and consecutively MRI and colonoscopy. Considering 207 segments, MaRIA>7 and Clermont score>8.4 demonstrated substantial accuracy to detect endoscopic ulcerations (73.9% and 74.0%, respectively) and presented with high specificity (82.1% and 81.3%) and high negative predictive value (NPV) (82.1% and 82.4%) for MaRIA and Clermont score, respectively. The sensitivity for detecting deep ulcerations was 90.9% for both MaRIA>11 and Clermont score>12.5, with a specificity of 82.0% and 80.0%, respectively. Among 44 patients, deep MRI remission predicted mucosal healing with specificity=85.3% and NPV=85.3% according to Barcelona criteria (no segmental MaRIA>7), and specificity=88.2% and NPV=85.7% according to Clermont criteria (no segmental Clermont score>8.4). In addition, MRI remission predicted mucosal healing with specificity=76.5% and NPV=86.7% according to Barcelona criteria (no segmental MaRIA>11), and specificity=79.4% and NPV=84.4% according to Clermont criteria (no segmental Clermont score>12.5). MaRIA and Clermont score are equally effective in detecting CD endoscopic ulcerations supporting their use as therapeutic endpoints. Copyright © 2017 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Development and experimental qualification of a calculation scheme for the evaluation of gamma heating in experimental reactors. Application to MARIA and Jules Horowitz (JHR) MTR Reactors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tarchalski, M.; Pytel, K.; Wroblewska, M.

2015-07-01

Precise computational determination of nuclear heating which consists predominantly of gamma heating (more than 80 %) is one of the challenges in material testing reactor exploitation. Due to sophisticated construction and conditions of experimental programs planned in JHR it became essential to use most accurate and precise gamma heating model. Before the JHR starts to operate, gamma heating evaluation methods need to be developed and qualified in other experimental reactor facilities. This is done inter alia using OSIRIS, MINERVE or EOLE research reactors in France. Furthermore, MARIA - Polish material testing reactor - has been chosen to contribute to themore » qualification of gamma heating calculation schemes/tools. This reactor has some characteristics close to those of JHR (beryllium usage, fuel element geometry). To evaluate gamma heating in JHR and MARIA reactors, both simulation tools and experimental program have been developed and performed. For gamma heating simulation, new calculation scheme and gamma heating model of MARIA have been carried out using TRIPOLI4 and APOLLO2 codes. Calculation outcome has been verified by comparison to experimental measurements in MARIA reactor. To have more precise calculation results, model of MARIA in TRIPOLI4 has been made using the whole geometry of the core. This has been done for the first time in the history of MARIA reactor and was complex due to cut cone shape of all its elements. Material composition of burnt fuel elements has been implemented from APOLLO2 calculations. An experiment for nuclear heating measurements and calculation verification has been done in September 2014. This involved neutron, photon and nuclear heating measurements at selected locations in MARIA reactor using in particular Rh SPND, Ag SPND, Ionization Chamber (all three from CEA), KAROLINA calorimeter (NCBJ) and Gamma Thermometer (CEA/SCK CEN). Measurements were done in forty points using four channels. Maximal nuclear heating evaluated from measurements is of the order of 2.5 W/g at half of the possible MARIA power - 15 MW. The approach and the detailed program for experimental verification of calculations will be presented. The following points will be discussed: - Development of a gamma heating model of MARIA reactor with TRIPOLI 4 (coupled neutron-photon mode) and APOLLO2 model taking into account the key parameters like: configuration of the core, experimental loading, control rod location, reactor power, fuel depletion); - Design of specific measurement tools for MARIA experiments including for instance a new single-cell calorimeter called KAROLINA calorimeter; - MARIA experimental program description and a preliminary analysis of results; - Comparison of calculations for JHR and MARIA cores with experimental verification analysis, calculation behavior and n-γ 'environments'. (authors)« less

[Pathography and biography of the Empress Maria Theresa].

PubMed

Habek, D; Masić, I

2001-01-01

The empress and queen Maria Theresa Habsburg-Lorraine (May 13th, 1917-November 29th, 1780) bore sixteen children in the marriage with the emperor Franz I Stepha and was famous as "mother-in-law of Europe". Her brother Leopold died immediately after he was born, her sister Amalia died in the cradle and Maria Ana died of perinatal complications at the birth of a dead infant in 1744. The famous hereditary facial dysmorphia of the "Hasburg jawe" wasn't noticed in Maria Theresa's surviving children. In October of 1738, after giving birth to her daughter Ana, a manual lysis of the placenta was performed due to the retained placenta and postpartal bleeding. In 1741 her daughter Carolina died, and in 1767 her daughter Josepha died of small pox. Her daughter Elizabeth remained deformed by the pock marks, and Maria Christina got a puerperal sepsis, but surprisingly, didn't die. Maria Antoinette ended under a guillotine in France, along with her husband Luis XVI. Maria Theresa's father, Karl VI died of the cholecystopankreatitis and peritonitis, and her husband and co-ruler most probably died of acute coronary incident in August 18th, 1765. After her husband's death she started suffering from depression with steady necrophile obsessions. Maria Theresa suffered from a chronical obstructional pulmonary disease (asthma), rehumatic syndromes, hypertension and anxiodepressive syndromes. In 1767 she had small pox. In November 11th 1780 she caught a cold which grew into a pneumonia with high fever. She died of cardiopulmonal dedompensation preceded by pneumonia and asthma.

Observations of geomagnetically trapped light isotopes by NINA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bakaldin, A.; Galper, A.; Koldashov, S.; Korotkov, M.; Leonov, A.; Mikhailov, V.; Murashov, A.; Voronov, S.; Bidoli, V.; Casolino, M.; De Pascale, M.; Furano, G.; Iannucci, A.; Morselli, A.; Picozza, P.; Sparvoli, R.; Boezio, M.; Bonvicini, V.; Cirami, R.; Vacci, A.; Zampa, N.; Ambriola, M.; Bellotti, R.; sCafagna, F.; Ciacio, F.; Circella, M.; De Marzo, C.; Adriani, O.; Papini, P.; Spillantini, P.; Straulino, S.; Vannuccini, E.; Bartalucci, S.; Ricci, M.; Castellini, G.; Wizard-NINA Collaboration

2001-08-01

The detector NINA aboard the satellite Resurs-01N4 detected hydrogen and helium isotopes geomagnetically trapped, while crossing the South Atlantic Anomaly. Deuterium and tritium at L-shell<1.2 were unambiguously recognized. The 3 He and 4 He power-law spectra, reconstructed at L-shell=1.2 and B<0.22 G, have indices equal to 2.30±0.08 in the energy range 12-50 MeV/n, and 3.4±0.2 in 10-40 MeV/n respectively. The measured 3 He/4 He ratio bring to the conclusion that the main source of radiation belt light isotopes is the interaction of trapped protons with residual atmospheric helium.

CMB-13 research on carbon and graphite

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, M. C.

1972-01-01

Preliminary results of the research on carbon and graphite accomplished during this report period are presented. Included are: particle characteristics of Santa Maria fillers, compositions and density data for hot-molded Santa Maria graphites, properties of hot-molded Santa Maria graphites, and properties of hot-molded anisotropic graphites. Ablation-resistant graphites are also discussed.

Multispectral studies of western limb and farside maria from Galileo Earth-Moon Encounter 1

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Williams, David A.; Greeley, Ronald; Neukum, Gerhard; Wagner, Roland; Kadel, Steven D.

1995-11-01

New visible and near-infrared multispectral images of the Moon obtained by the Galileo solid-state imaging system, along with lunar orbiter images (for crater counts), and spectral mixing analyses were used to characterize western limb and eastern farside maria and determine compositional and age relationships in selected regions. Results indicate that (1) western limb mare deposits have less variability in titanium content (<2-7 wt% TiO2) and age (2.79-3.86 Ga) than areally extensive maria on the nearside; (2) areally extensive basin-filling maria generally have higher titanium contents than smaller, crater-filling mare patches and ponds; (3) ancient maria covered by highland material (cryptomaria) may be present in the Mendel-Rydberg and South Pole-Aitken basins; and (4) maria with compositional and age variations occur in the Grimaldi, Crüger, Mendel-Rydberg, and Apollo regions. No extensive high-titanium (>6 wt% TiO2) mare basalts were observed on the western limb and farside, which may reflect the inability of such denser magmas to penetrate the thicker farside crust.

Variability of lightning activity over India on ENSO time scales

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ahmad, Adnan; Ghosh, Mili

2017-12-01

ENSO, the reliable indicator of inter-annual climate variation of the ocean-atmosphere system in the tropical Pacific region, can affect the overall lightning activity which is another atmospheric phenomenon. In the present study, the impact of the ENSO on the total lightning activity over India has been studied for the period 2004-2014. During the El-Nino period (July 2004-April 2005 and July 2009-April 2010), total number of lightning flashes increased by 10% and 18% respectively and during La-Nina period (July 2010-April 2011 and August 2011 to March 2012), the total number of lightning flashes decreased approximately by 19% and 28% respectively as compared to the mean of corresponding period (2004-14) of the Non-ENSO. Seasonal variation of flash density is also examined for the El-Nino and La-Nina period. The result shows that in the El-Nino period of the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons, there is an increment in the flash density approximately by 48% and 9% respectively than the Non-ENSO and the spatial variation also having high flash density along the foot of Himalayas region. In the post-monsoon season, there is a marginal change in the flash density between El-Nino and the Non-ENSO. In the winter season, there is an increment in flash density in the El-Nino period approximately by 45% than the Non-ENSO. In the La-Nina period of the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons, there is the decrement in the flash density approximately by the 44% and 24% respectively than the Non-ENSO. In the Post-monsoon season and winter season of La-Nina, the flash density is increased by about 24% and 33% over India. These findings can be applied to do proper planning of lightning induced hazard mitigation as lightning is of one of the major natural disasters of India.

Coherent Modes of Global SST and Summer Rainfall over China: An Assessment of the Regional Impacts of the 1997-98 El Nino/ La Nina

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lau, K.-M.; Weng, Hengyi

1999-01-01

In this paper, we have identified three principal modes of summertime rainfall variability over China and global sea surface temperature (SST) for the period 1955-1998. Using these modes, we have assessed the impact of the El Nino/La Nina on major drought and flood occurrence over China during 1997-1998. The first mode can be identified with the growth phase of El Nino superimposed on a linear warming trend since the mid-1950s. This mode strongly influences rainfall over northern China. The second mode comprises of a quasi-biennial tendency manifested in alternate wet and dry years over the Yangtze River Valley (YRV) of central China. The third mode is dominated by a quasi-decadal oscillation in eastern China between the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. Using a mode-by-mode reconstruction, we evaluate the impacts of the various principal modes on the 1997 and 1998 observed rainfall anomaly. We find that the severe drought in northern China, and to a lesser degree the flood in southern China, in 1997 is likely a result of the influence of anomalous SST forcing during the growth phase of the El Nino. In addition, rainfall in southern China may be influenced by the decadal or long-term SST variability. The severe flood over the Yangtze River Valley in 1998 is associated with the biennial tendency of basin scale SST during the transition from El Nino to La Nina in 1997-98. Additionally, the observed prolonged drought over northern China and increasing flooding over the YRV since the 1950s may be associated with a long-term warming trend in the tropical Indian and western Pacific ocean. During 1997, the El Nino SST exacerbated the drought situation over northern China. In 1998, the drought appeared to get temporary relief from the La Nina anomalous SST forcing.

Pro-Inflammatory and Pro-Fibrogenic Effects of Ionic and Particulate Arsenide and Indium-Containing Semiconductor Materials in the Murine Lung.

PubMed

Jiang, Wen; Wang, Xiang; Osborne, Olivia J; Du, Yingjie; Chang, Chong Hyun; Liao, Yu-Pei; Sun, Bingbing; Jiang, Jinhong; Ji, Zhaoxia; Li, Ruibin; Liu, Xiangsheng; Lu, Jianqin; Lin, Sijie; Meng, Huan; Xia, Tian; Nel, André E

2017-02-28

We have recently shown that the toxicological potential of GaAs and InAs particulates in cells is size- and dissolution-dependent, tending to be more pronounced for nano- vs micron-sized particles. Whether the size-dependent dissolution and shedding of ionic III-V materials also apply to pulmonary exposure is unclear. While it has been demonstrated that micron-sized III-V particles, such as GaAs and InAs, are capable of inducing hazardous pulmonary effects in an occupational setting as well as in animal studies, the effect of submicron particles (e.g., the removal of asperities during processing of semiconductor wafers) is unclear. We used cytokine profiling to compare the pro-inflammatory effects of micron- and nanoscale GaAs and InAs particulates in cells as well as the murine lung 40 h and 21 days after oropharyngeal aspiration. Use of cytokine array technology in macrophage and epithelial cell cultures demonstrated a proportionally higher increase in the levels of matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) by nanosized (n) GaAs and n-InAs as well as As(III). n-GaAs and n-InAs also triggered higher neutrophil counts in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice than micronscale particles 40 h post-aspiration, along with increased production of EMMPRIN and MIF. In contrast, in animals sacrificed 21 days after exposure, only n-InAs induced fibrotic lung changes as determined by increased lung collagen as well as increased levels of TGF-β1 and PDGF-AA in the BALF. A similar trend was seen for EMMPRIN and matrix metallopeptidase (MMP-9) levels in the BALF. Nano- and micron-GaAs had negligible subacute effects. Importantly, the difference between the 40 h and 21 days data appears to be biopersistence of n-InAs, as demonstrated by ICP-OES analysis of lung tissue. Interestingly, an ionic form of In, InCl 3 , also showed pro-fibrogenic effects due to the formation of insoluble In(OH) 3 nanostructures. All considered, these data indicate that while nanoscale particles exhibit increased pro-inflammatory effects in the lung, most effects are transient, except for n-InAs and insoluble InCl 3 species that are biopersistent and trigger pro-fibrotic effects. These results are of potential importance for the understanding the occupational health effects of III-V particulates.

Statistical Aspects of ENSO Events (1950-1997) and the El Nino-Atlantic Intense Hurricane Activity Relationship

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilson, Robert M.

1998-01-01

On the basis of Trenberth's quantitative definition for marking the occurrence of an El Nino (or La Nina), one can precisely identify by month and year the starts and ends of some 15 El Nino and 10 La Nina events during the interval of 1950-1997, an interval corresponding to the most reliable for cataloging intense hurricane activity in the Atlantic basin (i.e., those of category 3-5 on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale). The main purpose of this investigation is primarily two-fold: First, the statistical aspects of these identified extremes and the intervening periods between them (called "interludes") are examined and, second, the statistics of the seasonal frequency of intense hurricanes in comparison to the extremes and interludes are determined. This study clearly demonstrates that of the last 48 hurricane seasons, 20 (42 percent) can be described as being "El Nino-related" (i.e., an El Nino was in progress during all, or part, of the yearly hurricane season--June-November), 13 (27 percent) as "La Nina-related" (i.e., a La Nina was in progress during all, or part, of the yearly hurricane season), and 15 (31 percent) as "interlude-related" (i.e., neither an El Nino nor a La Nina was in progress during any portion of the yearly hurricane season). Combining the latter two subgroups into a single grouping called "non-El Nino-related" seasons, one finds that they have had a mean frequency of intense hurricanes measuring 2.8 events per season, while the El Nino-related seasons have had a mean frequency of intense hurricanes measuring 1.3 events per season, where the observed difference in the means is inferred to be statistically important at the 99.8-percent level of confidence. Therefore, as previously shown more than a decade ago using a different data set, there undeniably exists an El Nino-Atlantic hurricane activity relationship, one which also extends to the class of intense hurricanes. During the interval of 1950-1997, fewer intense hurricanes occurred during El Nino-related seasons (always less than or equal to 3 and usually less than or equal to 2, this latter value having been true for 18 of the 20 El Nino-related seasons), while more usually occurred during non-El Nino-related seasons (typically greater than or equal to 2, having been true for 22 of the 28 non-El Nino-related seasons). Implications for the 1998 and 1999 hurricane seasons are discussed.

Pro-Inflammatory and Pro-Fibrogenic Effects of Ionic and Particulate Arsenide and Indium-Containing Semiconductor Materials in the Murine Lung

PubMed Central

Jiang, Wen; Wang, Xiang; Osborne, Olivia J.; Du, Yingjie; Chang, Chong Hyun; Liao, Yu-Pei; Sun, Bingbing; Jiang, Jinhong; Ji, Zhaoxia; Li, Ruibin; liu, Xiangsheng; Lu, Jianqin; Lin, Sijie; Meng, Huan; Xia, Tian; Nel, André E.

2017-01-01

We have recently shown that the toxicological potential of GaAs and InAs particulates in cells is size- and dissolution-dependent, tending to be more pronounced for nano- vs. micron-sized particles. Whether the size-dependent dissolution and shedding of ionic III-V materials also apply to pulmonary exposure is unclear. While has been demonstrated that micron-sized III-V particles, such as GaAs and InAs, are capable of inducing hazardous pulmonary effects in an occupational setting, as well as in animal studies, the effect of sub-micron particles (e.g., the removal of asperities during processing of semiconductor wafers) is unclear. We used cytokine profiling to compare the pro-inflammatory effects of micron- and nanoscale GaAs and InAs particulates in cells as well as the murine lung 40 h and 21 days after oropharyngeal aspiration. Use of cytokine array technology in macrophage and epithelial cell cultures demonstrated a proportionally higher increase in the levels of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) by nano-sized (n) GaAs and n-InAs as well as As(III). n-GaAs and n-InAs also triggered higher neutrophil counts in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice than micronscale particles 40 h post-aspiration, along with increased production of EMMPRIN and MIF. In contrast, in animals sacrificed 21 days after exposure, only n-InAs induced fibrotic lung changes as determined by increased lung collagen as well as increased levels of TGF-β1 and PDGF-AA in the BALF. A similar trend was seen for EMMPRIN and matrix metallopeptidase (MMP-9) levels in the BALF. Nano- and micron-GaAs had negligible sub-acute effects. Importantly, the difference between the 40 h and 21 days data appears to be biopersistence of n-InAs, as demonstrated by ICP-OES analysis of lung tissue. Interestingly, an ionic form of In, InCl3, also showed pro-fibrogenic effects due to the formation of insoluble In(OH)3 nanostructures. All considered, these data indicate that while nanoscale particles exhibit increased pro-inflammatory effects in the lung, most effects are transient, except for n-InAs and insoluble InCl3 species that are biopersistent and trigger pro-fibrotic effects. These results are of potential importance for the understanding the occupational health effects of III-V particulates. PMID:28177603

Maria Montessori on the Natural Formation of Character in Young Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murphy, Madonna

2003-01-01

This paper examines this issue of character formation from the perspective of Maria Montessori. Her method has much to offer in developing more peaceful classrooms and helping to develop compassionate and caring citizens. Maria Montessori developed a complete philosophy of education based on her discovery that the child has a mind able to absorb…

Hurricane Maria Puerto Rico Landsat Analysis

DOE Data Explorer

Feng, Yanlei; Chambers, Jeff [LBNL; Negron-Juarez, Robinson [LBNL; Patricola, Chris; Clinton, Nick; Uriarte, Maria; Hall, Jaz; Collins, William

2018-01-01

Hurricane Maria made landfall as a strong Category 4 storm in southeast Puerto Rico on September 20th, 2018. The powerful storm traversed the island in a northwesterly direction causing widespread destruction. This study focused on a rapid assessment of Hurricane Marias impact to Puerto Ricos forests. Calibrated and corrected Landsat 8 image composites for the entire island were generated using Google Earth Engine for a comparable pre-Maria and post-Maria time period that accounted for phenology. Spectral mixture analysis (SMA) using image-derived end members was carried out on both composites to calculate the change in the non-photosynthetic vegetation (Delta-NPV) spectral response, a metric that quantifies the increased fraction of exposed wood and surface litter associated with tree mortality and crown damage from the storm. Hurricane simulations were also conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) regional climate model to estimate wind speeds associated with forest disturbance. Dramatic changes in forest structure across the entire island were evident from pre- and post-Maria composited Landsat 8 images. A Delta-NPV map for only the forested pixels illustrated significant spatial variability in disturbance, with patterns that associated with factors such as slope, aspect and elevation. An initial order-of-magnitude impact estimate based on previous work indicated that Hurricane Maria may have caused mortality and severe damage to 23-31 million trees. Additional field work and image analyses are required to further detail the impact of Hurricane Maria to Puerto Rico forests. A minor update to this dataset was posted on April 20, 2018. The previous version is being retired. If you need access to the prior version of the data, email ngee-tropics-archive@lbl.gov.

A Novel Coordination Polymer Constructed by Hetero-Metal Ions and 2,3-Pyridine Dicarboxylic Acid: Synthesis and Structure of [NiNa2(PDC)2(μ-H2O)(H2O)2] n

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dou, Ming-Yu; Lu, Jing

2017-12-01

A novel coordination polymer containing hetero-metal ions, [NiNa2(PDC)2(μ-H2O)(H2O)2] n , where PDC is 2,3-pyridine dicarboxylate ion, has been synthesized. In the structure, the PDC ligand chelates and bridges two Ni(II) and two Na(I) centers. Two kinds of metal centers are connected by μ4-PDC and μ2-H2O to form 2D coordination layers. Hydrogen bonds between coordination water molecules and carboxylate oxygen atoms further link these 2D coordination layers to form 3D supramolecular network.

Rotational properties of the Maria asteroid family

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kim, M.-J.; Byun, Y.-I.; Choi, Y.-J.

2014-03-01

The Maria family is regarded as an old-type (∼3 ± 1 Gyr) asteroid family that has experienced substantial collisional and dynamical evolution in the main belt. It is located near the 3:1 Jupiter mean-motion resonance area that supplies near-Earth asteroids to the inner solar system. We carried out observations of Maria family asteroids during 134 nights from 2008 July to 2013 May and derived synodic rotational periods for 51 objects, including newly obtained periods of 34 asteroids. We found that there is a significant excess of fast and slow rotators in the observed rotation rate distribution. The one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov testmore » confirms that the spin rate distribution is not consistent with a Maxwellian at a 92% confidence level. From correlations among rotational periods, amplitudes of light curves, and sizes, we conclude that the rotational properties of Maria family asteroids have been changed considerably by non-gravitational forces such as the YORP effect. Using a light-curve inversion method, we successfully determined the pole orientations for 13 Maria members and found an excess of prograde versus retrograde spins with a ratio (N{sub p} /N{sub r} ) of 3. This implies that the retrograde rotators could have been ejected by the 3:1 resonance into the inner solar system since the formation of the Maria family. We estimate that approximately 37-75 Maria family asteroids larger than 1 km have entered near-Earth space every 100 Myr.« less

Interannual Variability of Tehuantepec Eddies

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-01-01

NRL) Layered Ocean Model (NLOM) results Alaska and California and in the regions close to Aca- pulco, Cabo Corrientes , and the Maria Islands [Melsom...IDepartment of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Cabo Corrientes and the Maria Islands, Mexico, submitted Georgia, USA. to Journal of...Tehuantepec (GT), Acapulco (ACA), Cabo Corrientes (CC), and Maria Islands (NM1) are indicated. The magenta box in Figure 13h indicates the area where

Methods and codes for neutronic calculations of the MARIA research reactor.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Andrzejewski, K.; Kulikowska, T.; Bretscher, M. M.

2002-02-18

The core of the MARIA high flux multipurpose research reactor is highly heterogeneous. It consists of beryllium blocks arranged in 6 x 8 matrix, tubular fuel assemblies, control rods and irradiation channels. The reflector is also heterogeneous and consists of graphite blocks clad with aluminum. Its structure is perturbed by the experimental beam tubes. This paper presents methods and codes used to calculate the MARIA reactor neutronics characteristics and experience gained thus far at IAE and ANL. At ANL the methods of MARIA calculations were developed in connection with the RERTR program. At IAE the package of programs was developedmore » to help its operator in optimization of fuel utilization.« less

First Report of Clavinema mariae (Nematoda: Philometridae) in Cultured Rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli, in Cheonsuman (Bay), the Republic of Korea.

PubMed

Han, Hyun-Ja; Seo, Jung Soo; Park, Jeong Su; Lee, Haeng Lim; Seo, Han Gill; Jung, Sung Hee; Kwon, Se Ryun

2017-04-01

In July 2012, philometrid nematodes were discovered in cultured rockfish ( Sebastes schlegeli ) in Cheonsuman (Bay), the Republic of Korea. The nematodes were detected in the epithelial tissues of the rockfish and were identified as Clavinema mariae based on morphological studies using light and scanning electron microscopy. They revealed the characteristics same as previously identified C. mariae , notably having a long body with narrow posterior half, no caudal projection, a cylindrical-shaped esophagus, a well-developed anterior bulbous part of the esophagus, cephalic papillae, and a dorsal esophageal gland. This is the first confirmation of C. mariae infection in rockfish in Korea.

Light Isotope Abundances in SEPS measured by NINA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sparvoli, R.; Bidoli, V.; Casolino, M.; De Pascale, M.; Furano, G.; Iannucci, A.; Morselli, A.; Picozza, P.; Bakaldin, A.; Galper, A.; Koldashov, S.; Korotkov, M.; Leonov, A.; Mikhailov, V.; Murashov, A.; Voronov, S.; Boezio, M.; Bonvicini, V.; Cirami, R.; Vacchi, A.; Zampa, N.; Ambriola, M.; Bellotti, R.; Cafagna, F.; Ciacio, F.; Circella, M.; De Marzo, C.; Adriani, O.; Papini, P.; Spillantini, P.; Straulino, S.; Vannuccini, E.; Bartalucci, S.; Ricci, M.; Castellini, G.; Wizard-NINA Collaboration

2001-08-01

Observations of 9 Solar Energetic Particle events detected by the instrument NINA from November 1998 to April 1999 will be presented. NINA is a silicon-based space detector in orbit since July 1998 on board the Russian satellite Resurs-01-N4, which flies at low altitude (about 800 km) in polar inclination. For every SEP event we reconstructed the power-law 4 He spectrum in the energy interval 10-50 MeV/n, extracting spectral indexes from 1.8 to 6.8. Data of 3 He and 4 He were then employed to determine the 3 He/4 He ratio, that turned out to be high for some SEP events showing the enrichment in 3 He. For the 7 November 1998 event this ratio reached the maximum value of 0.33 ± 0.06, with spectral indexes 2.5 ± 0.6 and 3.7 ± 0.3 for 3 He and 4 He, respectively. The 3 He/4 He ratio averaged over the remaining events was 0.011 ± 0.004. For all events we determined the deuterium-to-proton ratio. The average value of the 2 H/1 H ratio, over all events, was (3.9±1.4)× 10-5 in the energy interval 9-12 MeV/n. During 24 November 1998 event, however, this ratio resulted about 10 times higher than normal coronal values.

On the Bimodality of ENSO Cycle Extremes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilson, Robert M.

1999-01-01

On the basis of sea surface temperature in the Nino 3.4 region (5 deg N-5 deg S, 120 deg- 170 deg W) during the interval of 1950-1997, Kevin Trenberth previously has identified some 16 El Nino and 10 La Nina, these 26 events representing the extremes of the quasi-periodic El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle. Runs testing shows that the duration and recurrence period associated with these extremes vary randomly, as does the sequencing of the extremes. Hence, the frequency of occurrence of these events during the 1990s, especially, for El Nino should not be construed as being significantly different from that of previous epochs. Additionally, the distribution of duration for both El Nino and La Nina looks bimodal, consisting of two preferred modes - about 8 and 16 months in length for El Nino and about 9 and 18 months in length for La Nina. Likewise, the distribution of recurrence period, especially, for El Nino looks bimodal, consisting of two preferred modes - about 21 and 50 months in length. Scatter plots of the recurrence period versus duration for El Nino strongly suggest preferential associations between them, linking shorter (longer) duration with shorter (longer) recurrence period. Because the last known onset of El Nino occurred in April 1997 and the event was of longer than average duration, one infers that the onset of the next expected El Nino will not occur until February 2000 or later.

On the Bimodality of ENSO Cycle Extremes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilson, Robert M.

2000-01-01

On the basis of sea surface temperature in the El Nino 3.4 region (5 deg. N.,-5 deg. S., 120-170 deg. W.) during the interval of 1950-1997, Kevin Trenberth previously has identified some 16 El Nino and 10 La Nina, these 26 events representing the extremes of the quasi-periodic El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle. Runs testing shows that the duration, recurrence period, and sequencing of these extremes vary randomly. Hence, the decade of the 1990's, especially for El Nino, is not significantly different from that of previous decadal epochs, at least, on the basis of the frequency of onsets of ENSO extremes. Additionally, the distribution of duration for both El Nino and La Nina looks strikingly bimodal, each consisting of two preferred modes, about 8- and 16-mo long for El Nino and about 9- and 18-mo long for La Nina, as does the distribution of the recurrence period for El Nino, consisting of two preferred modes about 21- and 50-mo long. Scatterplots of the recurrence period versus duration for El Nino are found to be statistically important, displaying preferential associations that link shorter (longer) duration with shorter (longer) recurrence periods. Because the last onset of El Nino occurred in April 1997 and the event was of longer than average duration, onset of the next anticipated El Nino is not expected until February 2000 or later.

On The Bimodality of ENSO Cycle Extremes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilson, Robert M.

2000-01-01

On the basis of sea surface temperature in the El Nino 3.4 region (5N.-5S., 120-170W.) during the interval of 1950-1997, Kevin Trenberth previously has identified some 16 El Nino and 10 La Nina, these 26 events representing the extremes of the quasi-periodic El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle. Runs testing shows that the duration, recurrence period, and sequencing of these extremes vary randomly. Hence, the decade of the 1990's, especially for El Nino, is not significantly different from that of previous decadal epochs, at least, on the basis of the frequency of onsets of ENSO extremes. Additionally, the distribution of duration for both El Nino and La Nina looks strikingly bimodal, each consisting of two preferred modes, about 8- and 16-months long for El Nino and about 9- and 18-months long for La Nina, as does the distribution of the recurrence period for El Nino, consisting of two preferred modes about 21- and 50- mo long. Scatterplots of the recurrence period versus duration for El Nino are found to be statistically important, displaying preferential associations that link shorter (longer) duration with shorter (longer) recurrence periods. Because the last onset of El Nino occurred in April 1997 and the event was of longer than average duration, onset of the next anticipated El Nino is not expected until February 2000 or later.

New candidates for active asteroids: Main-belt (145) Adeona, (704) Interamnia, (779) Nina, (1474) Beira, and near-Earth (162,173) Ryugu

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Busarev, Vladimir V.; Makalkin, Andrei B.; Vilas, Faith; Barabanov, Sergey I.; Scherbina, Marina P.

2018-04-01

For the first time, spectral signs of subtle coma activity were observed for four main-belt primitive asteroids (145) Adeona, (704) Interamnia, (779) Nina, and (1474) Beira around their perihelion distances in September 2012, which were interpreted as manifestations of the sublimation of H2O ice in/under the surface matter (Busarev et al., 2015a, 2015b). We confirm the phenomenon for Nina when it approached perihelion in September 2016. At the same time, based on results of spectral observations of near-Earth asteroid (162,173) Ryugu (Vilas, 2008) being a target of Japan's Hayabusa 2 space mission, we suspected a periodic similar transient activity on the Cg-type asteroid. However, unlike the main-belt primitive asteroids demonstrating sublimation of ices close to their perihelion distances, the effect on Ryugu was apparently registered near aphelion. To explain the difference, we calculated the subsolar temperature depending on heliocentric distance of the asteroids, considered qualitative models of internal structure of main-belt and near-Earth primitive asteroids including ice and performed some analytical estimations. Presumed temporal sublimation/degassing activity of Ryugu is a sign of a residual frozen core in its interior. This could be an indication of a relatively recent transition of the asteroid from the main asteroid belt to the near-Earth area.

Anti-Communist Vigilantes in the Philippines

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-06-03

including the founding chairman Jose Maria Sison and communist guerrilla leader Bernabe Buscayno, a.k.a. Kumander Dante. 2 Today, the CPP/NPA continues...arrest in 1976 of Jose Maria Sison, the CPP chairman. The new leadership modified the communist armed struggle by giving new impetus to urban guerilla...largest island In the Southern Philippines. The MNLF chairman Nur Misuari assisted CPP founder Jose Maria Sison in organizing the radical youth

Detection of radon emission at the edges of lunar maria with the Apollo alpha-particle spectrometer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gorenstein, P.; Golub, L.; Bjorkholm, P.

1974-01-01

The distribution of radioactive polonium-210, a decay product of radon-222, shows enhanced concentrations at the edges of lunar maria. Enhancements are seen at the edges of Mare Fecunditatis, Mare Crisium, Mare Smythii, Mare Tranquillitatis, Mare Nubium, Mare Cognitum, and Oceanus Procellarum. The observation is indicative of the transient emission of radon gas from the perimeters of lunar maria.

Detection of radon emission at the edges of lunar maria with the apollo alpha-particle spectrometer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gorenstein, P.; Golub, L.; Bjorkholm, P.

1974-02-01

The distribution of radioactive /sup 210/Po, a decay product of /sup 222/ Rn, shows enhanced concentrations at the edges of lunar maria. Enhancements are seen at the edges of Mare Fecunditatis, Mare Crisium, Mare Smythii, Mare Tranquillitatis, Mare Nubium, Mare Cognitum, and Oceanus Procellarum. The observation is indicative of the transient emission of radon gas from the perimeters of lunar maria. (auth)

Endosymbiotic bacteria nodulating a new endemic lupine Lupinus mariae-josephi from alkaline soils in Eastern Spain represent a new lineage within the Bradyrhizobium genus.

PubMed

Sánchez-Cañizares, Carmen; Rey, Luis; Durán, David; Temprano, Francisco; Sánchez-Jiménez, Paloma; Navarro, Albert; Polajnar, Mira; Imperial, Juan; Ruiz-Argüeso, Tomás

2011-05-01

Lupinus mariae-josephi is a recently described endemic Lupinus species from a small area in Eastern Spain where it thrives in soils with active lime and high pH. The L. mariae-josephi root symbionts were shown to be very slow-growing bacteria with different phenotypic and symbiotic characteristics from those of Bradyrhizobium strains nodulating other Lupinus. Their phylogenetic status was examined by multilocus sequence analyses of four housekeeping genes (16S rRNA, glnII, recA, and atpD) and showed the existence of a distinct evolutionary lineage for L. mariae-josephi that also included Bradyrhizobium jicamae. Within this lineage, the tested isolates clustered in three different sub-groups that might correspond to novel sister Bradyrhizobium species. These core gene analyses consistently showed that all the endosymbiotic bacteria isolated from other Lupinus species of the Iberian Peninsula were related to strains of the B. canariense or B. japonicum lineages and were separate from the L. mariae-josephi isolates. Phylogenetic analysis based on nodC symbiotic gene sequences showed that L. mariae-josephi bacteria also constituted a new symbiotic lineage distant from those previously defined in the genus Bradyrhizobium. In contrast, the nodC genes of isolates from other Lupinus spp. from the Iberian Peninsula were again clearly related to the B. canariense and B. japonicum bv. genistearum lineages. Speciation of L. mariae-josephi bradyrhizobia may result from the colonization of a singular habitat by their unique legume host. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Ageing, exposure to pollution, and interactions between climate change and local seasons as oxidant conditions predicting incident hematologic malignancy at KINSHASA University clinics, Democratic Republic of CONGO (DRC).

PubMed

Nkanga, Mireille Solange Nganga; Longo-Mbenza, Benjamin; Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent; Ngwidiwo, Jacques Bikaula; Katawandja, Antoine Lufimbo; Kazadi, Paul Roger Beia; Nzonzila, Alain Nganga

2017-08-23

The global burden of hematologic malignancy (HM) is rapidly rising with aging, exposure to polluted environments, and global and local climate variability all being well-established conditions of oxidative stress. However, there is currently no information on the extent and predictors of HM at Kinshasa University Clinics (KUC), DR Congo (DRC). This study evaluated the impact of bio-clinical factors, exposure to polluted environments, and interactions between global climate changes (EL Nino and La Nina) and local climate (dry and rainy seasons) on the incidence of HM. This hospital-based prospective cohort study was conducted at Kinshasa University Clinics in DR Congo. A total of 105 black African adult patients with anaemia between 2009 and 2016 were included. HM was confirmed by morphological typing according to the French-American-British (FAB) Classification System. Gender, age, exposure to traffic pollution and garages/stations, global climate variability (El Nino and La Nina), and local climate (dry and rainy seasons) were potential independent variables to predict incident HM using Cox regression analysis and Kaplan Meier curves. Out of the total 105 patients, 63 experienced incident HM, with an incidence rate of 60%. After adjusting for gender, HIV/AIDS, and other bio-clinical factors, the most significant independent predictors of HM were age ≥ 55 years (HR = 2.4; 95% CI 1.4-4.3; P = 0.003), exposure to pollution and garages or stations (HR = 4.9; 95% CI 2-12.1; P < 0.001), combined local dry season + La Nina (HR = 4.6; 95%CI 1.8-11.8; P < 0.001), and combined local dry season + El Nino (HR = 4; 95% CI 1.6-9.7; P = 0.004). HM types included acute myeloid leukaemia (28.6% n = 18), multiple myeloma (22.2% n = 14), myelodysplastic syndromes (15.9% n = 10), chronic myeloid leukaemia (15.9% n = 10), chronic lymphoid leukaemia (9.5% n = 6), and acute lymphoid leukaemia (7.9% n = 5). After adjusting for confounders using Cox regression analysis, age ≥ 55 years, exposure to pollution, combined local dry season + La Nina and combined local dry season + El Nino were the most significant predictors of incident hematologic malignancy. These findings highlight the importance of aging, pollution, the dry season, El Nino and La Nina as related to global warming as determinants of hematologic malignancies among African patients from Kinshasa, DR Congo. Cancer registries in DRC and other African countries will provide more robust database for future researches on haematological malignancies in the region.

ENSO variability of Quelccaya Ice Cap δ18O driven by monsoon control of vapor isotope ratios

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hurley, J. V.; Vuille, M. F.; Hardy, D. R.

2016-12-01

The δ18O from the Quelccaya Ice Cap (QIC), Peru corresponds with and has been used to reconstruct Nino region SSTs but the physical mechanisms that tie ENSO-variable equatorial Pacific SSTs to snow δ18O at 5680 m in the Andes have not been fully described. We use a proxy system forward model to simulate and explore ENSO variable snow δ18O at the QIC, which is observed and accurately simulated with our model to be respectively higher and lower than average during El Nino and La Nina. We then explore the relative roles of ENSO-forcing on components of the forward model: the seasonality of snowfall at the QIC, vapor initial δ18O values, and temperature. The local hydrologic cycle is characterized by earlier onset and reduced duration of peak snowfall during El Nino, and more snow accumulation during La Nina. When we isolate the influence of the local hydrologic cycle in the forward model, El Nino and La Nina snowfall seasonalities yield respectively higher and lower snow δ18O values, compared with the control simulation. The South American summer monsoon (SASM) is characterized by enhanced convection over the Amazon during La Nina and as a consequence, lower vapor δ18O values over the western Amazon Basin. When we isolate the influence of the vapor initial delta-value in the forward model, higher initial delta-values during El Nino yield higher snow δ18O at the QIC. The seasonality of temeratures over the western Amazon Basin and near Quelccaya is amplified during El Nino when there are higher and lower temperatures respectively during austral summer and winter. When we isolate the temperature influence in the forward model, the warmer summer El Nino conditions require a more humid initial vapor and result in lower snow δ18O values. Most (more than two-thirds) of the ENSO variability in QIC δ18O can be accounted for by SASM activity and its influence on the vapor initial delta-value.

The Evolution of Tropical Precipitation Patterns During ENSO Events Using 21+ Years of GPCP Merged Data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Curtis, Scott; Adler, Robert

2000-01-01

The ENSO phenomenon is characterized by fluctuations in the climate system of the tropical Pacific. Quantifying changes in the precipitation component of this system is important in understanding the distribution of heating in the atmosphere which drives the large-scale circulation and affects the weather patterns in the mid-latitudes. Monitoring precipitation anomalies in the Pacific is also an important component for tracking the evolution of ENSO. The most timely and complete observations of the earth come from satellite instruments. In this study, the state of the art satellite-gauge merged monthly precipitation data set from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) is used to depict tropical rainfall patterns during ENSO events over the past two decades and quantify these patterns using indices. This analysis will be complemented by daily precipitation data which can resolve the Madden-Julian Oscillation and westerly wind burst events. The 1997-98 El Nino and 1998-2000 La Nina were the best observed ENSO cycle in the historic record. Prior to the El Nino (in terms of anomalous warming of the east Pacific) dry anomalies over the Maritime Continent were observed in February 1997 as a westerly wind burst advected convection to the east. The largest SST anomalies occurred around November-December 1997, which were followed by the largest precipitation anomalies in the beginning of 1998. The largest precipitation departures from normal were not colocated with the SST anomalies, but were further west, In the spring of 1998 negative precipitation anomalies to the north of the equator intensified, signaling the mature phase of the El Nino. A rapid increase in the precipitation-based La Nina index from December-January 1998 to March-April 1998 signaled the coming La Nina. The 1982-1983 El Nino was comparable in strength (according to several indices) and the precipitation patterns evolved in a similar fashion. For the 1998-2000 La Nina, the coldest anomalies, were confined to the central equatorial Pacific, while the driest anomalies were found in the west Pacific,

Linking Net Community Production and Hydrography Under La Nina and El Nino conditions in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific (ETSP)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prokopenko, M. G.

2016-02-01

Presence of the Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) in the upper thermocline of the ETSP results in steep vertical gradients in the major nutrient stoichiometry, specifically the silicate to nitrate ratio. Thus, biological export production within the High Nutrient Low Chlorophyll (HNLC) and low-silicate waters of the northern ETSP, the region of high CO2 outgassing, is likely to be particularly sensitive to the variability in the hydrographic conditions that determine the depth of origin for the waters upwelled into the euphotic zone. During two cruises, in spring 2010 (mild El Nino), and in spring 2011 (moderately strong La Nina), we quantified Net Community Production rates (NCP, as Net biological O2 production), based on O2/Ar supersaturation ratios measured along 10S between the coast of Peru and 100W. Biases in the estimates of the net biological O2 production within the mixed layer arising from non-equilibrium O2 fluxes from the Oxygen Minimum Zone below, were quantified with a regional box model of coupled oxygen-nitrate mass balances. Potential export efficiencies along the 10S transect were derived from the comparison between satellite-based Net Primary Production and our field-based NCP estimates. Somewhat predictably, regional NCP rates and potential export efficiency, as well as the degree of the biological nitrate uptake were higher under the La Nina than under the El Nino conditions, likely due to deeper origin of the upwelled waters characterized by the higher silicate to nitrate ratios. A less intuitive implication is that while reducing the CO2 outgassing by the increased biological carbon uptake locally, the La Nina-enhanced export production within the ETSP may transiently diminish basin-scale capacity for the oceanic biological CO2 uptake by enhancing the fixed nitrogen losses, This may occur via expanding the vertical extent of the regional OMZ, as was observed at several stations along the cruise tracks in 2011, which in turn may drive an increase in the magnitude of regional denitrification. Further work would test this hypothesis.

Crustal Structure at the North Eastern Tip of Rivera Plate, Nayarit- Marias Islands Region: Scenarios and Tectonic Implications. Tsujal Project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Danobeitia, J.; Bartolome, R.; Barba, D. C., Sr.; Nunez-Cornu, F. J.; Bandy, W. L.; Prada, M.; Cameselle, A. L.; Nunez, D.; Espindola, J. M.; Estrada, F.; Zamora, A.; Gomez, A.; Ortiz, M.

2014-12-01

A primarily analysis of marine geophysical data acquired aboard the RRS James Cook in the framework of the project "Characterization of seismic hazard and tsunami associated with cortical contact structure Rivera Jalisco Block Plate (TSUJAL)" is presented. This survey was held in the region of Nayarit-Tres Marias Islands between February and March 2014. The examination of data recorded by 16 OBS 's, deployed along 4 wide angle seismic profiles is presented, using an airgun-array seismic source of 6800 c.i., which allows sampling the crustal structure to the Moho. The profiles are located along the margin off the Marias Islands: a profile of over 200 km NNW-SSE direction and parallel to the western flank of the Islas Marias Islands and three orthogonal thereto. These perpendicular sections sample the lithosphere from the north of Maria Madre Island with a profile of 100 km length, across Maria Magdalena and Mari Cleofas Islands, with a profile of 50 km long, till south of Maria Cleofas with a profile of 100 km long. Coincident multichannel seismic profiles with refraction ones are also surveyed, although shooting with a source of 3,540 c. i., and acquired with a digital "streamer" of 6.0 km long. Simultaneously, multibeam, parametric and potential field data were recorded during seismic acquisition A first analysis shows an anomalously thickened crust in the western flank of the Marias Islands, as indicated by relatively short pre-critical distances of 30-35 km. While the moderate dip of 7 ° of the subduction of the Pacific oceanic plate favors somehow this effect, the existence of a remnant crustal fragment is also likely. Moreover, the images provided by the parametric sounding show abundant mass wasting deposits suggesting of recent active tectonics, possibly generated by earthquakes with moderate magnitude as those reported in the Marias Islands. This set of geophysical data, not only provide valuable information for the seismogenic characterization and associated hazard with Rivera-Plate/Jalisco block, but it will also contribute to decipher the complex interplay between the accretion of the East Pacific Rise, the Magdalena Crest and the opening of the Gulf of California in the northeastern part of the diffuse Middle America Trench.

Geohistory analysis of the Santa Maria basin, California, and its relationship to tectonic evolution of the continental margin

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McCrory, P.A.; Arends, R.G.; Ingle, J.C. Jr.

1991-02-01

The Santa Maria basin of central California is a geologically complex area located along the tectonically active California continental margin. The record of Cenozoic tectonism preserved in Santa Maria strata provides an opportunity to compare the evolution of the region with plate tectonic models for Cenozoic interactions along the margin. Geohistory analysis of Neogene Santa Maria basin strata provides important constraints for hypotheses of the tectonic evolution of the central California margin during its transition from a convergent to a transform plate boundary. Preliminary analyses suggest that the tectonic evolution of the Santa Maria area was dominated by coupling betweenmore » adjacent oceanic plates and the continental margin. This coupling is reflected in the timing of major hiatuses within the basin sedimentary sequence and margin subsidence and uplift which occurred during periods of tectonic plate adjustment. Stratigraphic evidence indicates that the Santa Maria basin originated on the continental shelf in early Miocene time. A component of margin subsidence is postulated to have been caused by cessation of spreading on adjacent offshore microplates approximately 19-18 ma. A sharp reduction in rate of tectonic subsidence in middle Miocene time, observed in the Santa Maria basin both onshore and offshore, was coeval with rotation of crustal blocks as major shearing shifts shoreward. Tectonic uplift of two eastern sites, offshore Point Arguello and near Point Sal, in the late Miocene may have been related to a change to transpressional motion between the Pacific and North American plates, as well as to rotation of the western Transverse Ranges in a restraining geometry.« less

Not an ancient relic: the endemic Livistona palms of arid central Australia could have been introduced by humans

PubMed Central

Kondo, Toshiaki; Crisp, Michael D.; Linde, Celeste; Bowman, David M. J. S.; Kawamura, Kensuke; Kaneko, Shingo; Isagi, Yuji

2012-01-01

Livistona mariae is an endemic palm localized in arid central Australia. This species is separated by about 1000 km from its congener L. rigida, which grows distantly in the Roper River and Nicholson–Gregory River catchments in northern Australia. Such an isolated distribution of L. mariae has been assumed to have resulted from contraction of ancestral populations as Australia aridified from the Mid-Miocene (ca 15 Ma). To test this hypothesis at the population level, we examined the genetic relationships among 14 populations of L. mariae and L. rigida using eight nuclear microsatellite loci. Our population tree and Bayesian clustering revealed that these populations comprised two genetically distinct groups that did not correspond to the current classification at species rank, and L. mariae showed closest affinity with L. rigida from Roper River. Furthermore, coalescent divergence-time estimations suggested that the disjunction between the northern populations (within L. rigida) could have originated by intermittent colonization along an ancient river that has been drowned repeatedly by marine transgression. During that time, L. mariae populations could have been established by opportunistic immigrants from Roper River about 15 000 years ago, concurrently with the settlement of indigenous Australians in central Australia, who are thus plausible vectors. Thus, our results rule out the ancient relic hypothesis for the origin of L. mariae. PMID:22398168

NASA Applied Sciences' DEVELOP National Program: Summer 2010 Florida Agriculture

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cooley, Zachary C.; Billiot, Amanda; Lee, Lucas; McKee, Jake

2010-01-01

The main agricultural areas in South Florida are located within the fertile land surrounding Lake Okeechobee. The Atlantic Watershed monthly rainfall anomalies showed a weak but statistically significant correlation to the Oceanic Nino Index (ONI). No other watershed s anomalies showed significant correlations with ONI or the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). During La Nina months, less sea breeze days and more disturbed days were found to occur compared to El Nino and neutral months. The increase in disturbed days can likely by attributed to the synoptic pattern during La Nina, which is known to be favorable for tropical systems to follow paths that affect South Florida. Overall, neither sea breeze rainfall patterns nor total rainfall patterns in South Florida s main agricultural areas were found to be strongly influenced by the El Nino Southern Oscillation during our study time.

The Arctic Vortex in March 2011: A Dynamical Perspective

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hurwitz, Margaret M.; Newman, Paul A.; Garfinkel,Chaim I.

2011-01-01

Despite the record ozone loss observed in March 2011, dynamical conditions in the Arctic stratosphere were unusual but not unprecedented. Weak planetary wave driving in February preceded cold anomalies in t he polar lower stratosphere in March and a relatively late breakup of the Arctic vortex in April. La Nina conditions and the westerly phas e of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) were observed in March 201 1. Though these conditions are generally associated with a stronger vortex in mid-winter, the respective cold anomalies do not persist t hrough March. Therefore, the La Nina and QBO-westerly conditions cannot explain the observed cold anomalies in March 2011. In contrast, po sitive sea surface temperature anomalies in the North Pacific may ha ve contributed to the unusually weak tropospheric wave driving and s trong Arctic vortex in late winter 2011.

Pacific Decadal Oscillation Influences Drought (June 27, 2004)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2004-01-01

Recent sea level height data from the U.S./France Jason altimetric satellite during a 10-day cycle ending June 27, 2004, shows that Pacific equatorial surface ocean heights and temperatures are near neutral, but perhaps tending towards a mild La Nina for this summer and into the fall. 'In the U.S. we are still under the influence of the larger than El Nino and La Nina Pacific Decadal Oscillation shift in Pacific Ocean heat content and temperature patterns.' Much of the nation's western farmland and forests are really dry as we continue to struggle with a severe 6-year drought. The reality is that the atmosphere is acting as though La Nina is present. This continuing oceanic pattern in the Pacific and atmospheric pattern over the western U.S. is also a precursor for an active hurricane season for the East and Gulf coasts for our coming summer and fall,' said JPL oceanographer Dr. Bill Patzert.

These images show sea surface height anomalies with the seasonal cycle (the effects of summer, fall, winter, and spring) removed. The differences between what we see and what is normal for different times and regions are called anomalies, or residuals. When oceanographers and climatologists view these 'anomalies' they can identify unusual patterns and can tell us how heat is being stored in the ocean to influence future planetary climate events. Each image is a 10-day average of data, ending on the date indicated.

Pacific Decadal Oscillation Influences Drought (June 15, 2004)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2004-01-01

Recent sea level height data from the U.S./France Jason altimetric satellite during a 10-day cycle ending June 15, 2004, shows that Pacific equatorial surface ocean heights and temperatures are near neutral, but perhaps tending towards a mild La Nina for this summer and into the fall. 'In the U.S. we are still under the influence of the larger than El Nino and La Nina Pacific Decadal Oscillation shift in Pacific Ocean heat content and temperature patterns.' Much of the nation's western farmland and forests are really dry as we continue to struggle with a severe 6-year drought. The reality is that the atmosphere is acting as though La Nina is present. This continuing oceanic pattern in the Pacific and atmospheric pattern over the western U.S. is also a precursor for an active hurricane season for the East and Gulf coasts for our coming summer and fall,' said JPL oceanographer Dr. Bill Patzert.

These images show sea surface height anomalies with the seasonal cycle (the effects of summer, fall, winter, and spring) removed. The differences between what we see and what is normal for different times and regions are called anomalies, or residuals. When oceanographers and climatologists view these 'anomalies' they can identify unusual patterns and can tell us how heat is being stored in the ocean to influence future planetary climate events. Each image is a 10-day average of data, ending on the date indicated.

MR Enterography Assessment of Bowel Inflammation Severity in Crohn Disease Using the MR Index of Activity Score: Modifying Roles of DWI and Effects of Contrast Phases.

PubMed

Kim, Jin Sil; Jang, Hye Young; Park, Seong Ho; Kim, Kyung-Jo; Han, Kyunghwa; Yang, Suk-Kyun; Ye, Byong Duk; Park, Sang Hyoung; Lee, Jong Seok; Kim, Hyun Jin

2017-05-01

The purpose of this article is to appraise the use of the MR index of activity (MaRIA) score in evaluating Crohn disease (CD) on present-day MR enterography images, with an emphasis on determining the modifying roles of DWI and the effects of different contrast enhancement phases. Fifty patients prospectively underwent MR enterography, including DWI and enteric and portal phase scans, and ileocolonoscopy with segmental CD endoscopic index of severity (CDEIS) scoring within a week. Thirty-nine terminal ilea and 40 right-sided colons (mean [± SD] segmental CDEIS score, 14.3 ± 12.1) from 42 patients with CD (mean age, 27 ± 6.2 years) were finally analyzed by three independent readers. Original and modified (ulcer replaced with DWI grade) MaRIA scores were compared regarding their correlation with segmental CDEIS score, accuracy in diagnosing active (segmental CDEIS score ≥ 3) and severe (segmental CDEIS score ≥ 12) inflammation, and interobserver reproducibility. The primary analysis used portal phase data, and the agreement between portal and enteric phase scores was analyzed. MaRIA and modified MaRIA scores correlated similarly with CDEIS scores (r = 0.737 and 0.742; p = 0.387) and did not significantly differ in terms of AUC values for the diagnosis of active (0.909 and 0.903; p = 0.571) or severe (0.907 and 0.892; p = 0.443) inflammation. The intraclass correlation coefficient was significantly higher for modified MaRIA than for MaRIA (0.845 and 0.701; p < 0.001). The mean difference between portal and enteric phase scores (i.e., portal minus enteric) was 0.33-0.36 score points for individual readers, and the Bland-Altman repeatability coefficient was 0.9-1.42 score points. Interobserver reproducibility in evaluating the severity of bowel inflammation in CD using the MaRIA score can be improved by modification with DWI. MaRIA scoring provides steady results across enteric and portal phases.

Impacts of pesticides in a Central California estuary.

PubMed

Anderson, Brian; Phillips, Bryn; Hunt, John; Siegler, Katie; Voorhees, Jennifer; Smalling, Kelly; Kuivila, Kathy; Hamilton, Mary; Ranasinghe, J Ananda; Tjeerdema, Ron

2014-03-01

Recent and past studies have documented the prevalence of pyrethroid and organophosphate pesticides in urban and agricultural watersheds in California. While toxic concentrations of these pesticides have been found in freshwater systems, there has been little research into their impacts in marine receiving waters. Our study investigated pesticide impacts in the Santa Maria River estuary, which provides critical habitat to numerous aquatic, terrestrial, and avian species on the central California coast. Runoff from irrigated agriculture constitutes a significant portion of Santa Maria River flow during most of the year, and a number of studies have documented pesticide occurrence and biological impacts in this watershed. Our study extended into the Santa Maria watershed coastal zone and measured pesticide concentrations throughout the estuary, including the water column and sediments. Biological effects were measured at the organism and community levels. Results of this study suggest the Santa Maria River estuary is impacted by current-use pesticides. The majority of water samples were highly toxic to invertebrates (Ceriodaphnia dubia and Hyalella azteca), and chemistry evidence suggests toxicity was associated with the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos, pyrethroid pesticides, or mixtures of both classes of pesticides. A high percentage of sediment samples were also toxic in this estuary, and sediment toxicity occurred when mixtures of chlorpyrifos and pyrethroid pesticides exceeded established toxicity thresholds. Based on a Relative Benthic Index, Santa Maria estuary stations where benthic macroinvertebrate communities were assessed were degraded. Impacts in the Santa Maria River estuary were likely due to the proximity of this system to Orcutt Creek, the tributary which accounts for most of the flow to the lower Santa Maria River. Water and sediment samples from Orcutt Creek were highly toxic to invertebrates due to mixtures of the same pesticides measured in the estuary. This study suggests that the same pyrethroid and organophosphate pesticides that have been shown to cause water and sediment toxicity in urban and agriculture water bodies throughout California, have the potential to affect estuarine habitats. The results establish baseline data in the Santa Maria River estuary to allow evaluation of ecosystem improvement as management initiatives to reduce pesticide runoff are implemented in this watershed.

Bioanalysis young investigator: Maria Rambla-Alegre.

PubMed

Rambla-Alegre, Maria

2012-06-01

Maria Rambla-Alegre obtained the European doctorate in March 2011, with the maximum qualification: Excellent "Cum Laude", and has already published 33 articles in reputable scientific journals, presented 61 communications in international symposia, participated in nine research projects, as well as received several awards since 2006. Nowadays, Maria is contracted at Ghent University (Belgium) where she is completing a post-doc. During the time I have known her, I have frequently been impressed by her exceptional capabilities to quickly learn new skills to develop and validate new liquid chromatographic procedures, and by her constant initiative to bring together innovative analytical methods. Maria has always adopted a positive, critical view and shows eagerness to better herself. Besides her exceptional knowledge in LC, she has a sound scientific background in capillary electrophoresis, GC, sample preparation and optimization procedures that allows her to complement her investigations and has resulted in significant papers in the analytical chemistry field. Our research group has greatly benefited from Maria's capabilities, as can be seen in recent publications in the Journal of Chromatography A, Talanta, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry and other specialized journals that directly represent her work, mainly as corresponding author. It is extremely remarkable that she has published a review of her PhD results. Not everyone has the possibility to publish it. This is a clear sign of the high quality of her research. Compared to other fellows that I have supervised, Maria is undoubtedly the best one. I can, beyond all doubt, give a score of 10/10 to the quality of her research activity. Finally, I would personally like to add that she is an outstanding, serious, independent thinker who is always well informed about the topics she tackles. Maria is also very friendly, a good worker and always willing to help others, which has been a most positive characteristic in creating a good atmosphere within the department. She is a bright and highly efficient person to work with. For all these reasons, I can only strongly recommend Maria to be awarded the Bioanalysis Young Investigator Award.

Black Maria Reconstruction (left foreground); Building No. 1; Main Building; ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Black Maria Reconstruction (left foreground); Building No. 1; Main Building; Edison Storage Battery Building (right background) - Thomas A. Edison Laboratories, Main Street & Lakeside Avenue, West Orange, Essex County, NJ

Taco De Sesos

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

de la Loza, Sandra

2004-01-01

Taco de Sesos is a digitally animated fotonovella with the help of which the archetype of the "Maria" is explored. "La Maria" is represented as the heroic figure that quietly suffers a myriad of physical and symbolic violences.

77 FR 69620 - Casmalia Disposal Site; Notice of Proposed CERCLA Administrative De Minimis Settlement

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-20

... Research Corp, American Chemical Etching, American Magnetics Corporation, American Rubber Manufacturing... Unified School District, Santa Clara Valley Water District, Santa Maria Ford, Santa Maria Valley Warehouse...

Flower Still Life, Maria Van Oosterwijck

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holtrop, Emily

2004-01-01

This brief article describes the life of Maria van Oosterwijck. It also discusses her art and its significance and symbolism. A list of suggested activities for elementary, middle, and high school students is included.

Maria Sklodowska-Curie - scientist, friend, manager

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Slavchev, A.

2009-01-01

Great names in science represent an inexhaustible source and richness of inspiration, satisfaction and consolation, a moving and victorious force. Throughout her exemplifying life, Maria Sklodowska remained modest but with a keen sense of humor, of an outstanding style, a mine of knowledge and experience, of innovative ideas and a rich inner life. Full of love, of passion to give and to share, of natural optimism, mixed with a light melancholy, so typical for sages. She vehemently defended the love of scientific research, of the spirit of adventure and entrepreneurship and fought for international culture, for the protection of personality and talent. Maria Sklodowska left her passion to science, her dedication to work including education and training of young people, her passionate adherence to her family, her belief in her friends, her pure and profound humanity and warmth! The paper should be a homage to her, an appreciation of her work over the years, but not less a correspondence, a conversation with her! On the other hand, the present solemn occasion resuscitates the personalities of Maria and Pierre Curie and their work, in particular of Maria Sklodowska in her own native land! In this manner, it truly contributes to her immortality!

[Maria Skłodowska-Curie--her chemistry at the centenary of the second Nobel Prize].

PubMed

Zagórski, Zbigniew Paweł; Kornacka, Ewa Maria

2012-01-01

The article presents from the perspective of one hundred years the work of Maria Curie-Skłodowska, which in many cases was ahead of the state of knowledge of the time. It opened new horizons and for this reason we made many digressions. The fact of awarding her the Nobel Prize twice is a sensation enough to present the values of careful activity of the Nobel Prize Committee that emphasizes the importance of Maria's achievements. A significant element of Maria Skłodowska-Curie's achievements was still mysterious character of the radiation in her time, and only chemical approach made it possible to organise the phenomena and explain the origin of the radiation. The essence of the research was an arduous separation of components following the track of growing radiation of successive fractions of preparations. This research was a start of the technology of educement of dispersed elements in great mass of materials. We underline the paramount role of the chemical research Maria Skłodowska conducted while still in Warsaw in the laboratories of the Museum of Industry and Agriculture under the guidance of an excellent chemist Józef Jerzy Boguski. Her research in Paris was the origin of the semi-commercial scale in chemistry and setting aside a special shed outside the university building was the beginning of the institutes that now function beyond universities and are key element of scientific and technical progress. Technology of splitting developed by Maria Skłodowska-Curie was applied also by other radiochemists, e.g. By Otto Hahn. Lively movement in radiochemistry of her lifetime resulted in Maria's disputes with e.g. German chemist Marckwald, who questioned the originality of polonium. The scientific disputes like this one Maria won triumphantly although in several others she had to accept opponents' argument, as in the case of radon. Her experiments were planned with utmost rationality as it was with the rejection of the hypothesis saying that radioactivity was transferred from the outer space or from the sun. A great part of Maria Skłodowska-Curie's work was connected with biology which was demonstrated by describing in mathematical terms, for the first time in the history of radiobiology, nonexistent at that time, of the phenomenon of inactivation of bacteria by ionizing radiation. We emphasize difficult conditions for the health of the radiochemists of the time but we don't find any proof that there was any influence of ionizing radiation on Maria's health. She must have absorbed much greater doses of radiation during her heroic work in the mobile radiological surgery at the front of the 1st World War. We don't think it's appropriate to speculate rashly about contamination with alpha emitters. Unfortunately, due to her family's protest it was impossible to collect samples of remains before their relocation to the Pantheon in Paris.

MANEMO Routing in Practice: Protocol Selection, Expected Performance, and Experimental Evaluation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tazaki, Hajime; van Meter, Rodney; Wakikawa, Ryuji; Wongsaardsakul, Thirapon; Kanchanasut, Kanchana; Dias de Amorim, Marcelo; Murai, Jun

Motivated by the deployment of post-disaster MANEMO (MANET for NEMO) composed of mobile routers and stations, we evaluate two candidate routing protocols through network simulation, theoretical performance analysis, and field experiments. The first protocol is the widely adopted Optimized Link State Routing protocol (OLSR) and the second is the combination of the Tree Discovery Protocol (TDP) with Network In Node Advertisement (NINA). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that these two protocols are compared in both theoretical and practical terms. We focus on the control overhead generated when mobile routers perform a handover. Our results confirm the correctness and operational robustness of both protocols. More interestingly, although in the general case OLSR leads to better results, TDP/NINA outperforms OLSR both in the case of sparse networks and in highly mobile networks, which correspond to the operation point of a large set of post-disaster scenarios.

Geomagnetically trapped light isotopes observed with the detector NINA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bakaldin, A.; Galper, A.; Koldashov, S.; Korotkov, M.; Leonov, A.; Mikhailov, V.; Murashov, A.; Voronov, S.; Bidoli, V.; Casolino, M.; De Pascale, M.; Furano, G.; Iannucci, A.; Morselli, A.; Picozza, P.; Sparvoli, R.; Boezio, M.; Bonvicini, V.; Cirami, R.; Vacchi, A.; Zampa, N.; Ambriola, M.; Bellotti, R.; Cafagna, F.; Ciacio, F.; Circella, M.; De Marzo, C.; Adriani, O.; Papini, P.; Spillantini, P.; Straulino, S.; Vannuccini, E.; Ricci, M.; Castellini, G.

2002-08-01

The detector New Instrument for Nuclear Analysis (NINA) aboard the satellite Resurs-01-N4 detected hydrogen and helium isotopes geomagnetically trapped, while crossing the South Atlantic Anomaly. Deuterium and tritium at L shell < 1.2 were unambiguously recognized. The 3He and 4He power law spectra, reconstructed at L shell = 1.2 and B < 0.22 G, have indices equal to 2.30 +/- 0.08 in the energy range 12-50 MeV nucleon-1 and 3.4 +/- 0.2 in 10-30 MeV nucleon-1, respectively. The measured 3He/4He ratio and the reconstructed deuterium profile as a function of L shell bring one to the conclusion that the main source of radiation belt light isotopes at Resurs altitudes (~800 km) and for energy greater than 10 MeV nucleon-1 is the interaction of trapped protons with residual atmospheric helium.

Crataegus ×ninae-celottiae and C. ×cogswellii (Rosaceae, Maleae), two spontaneously formed intersectional nothospecies

PubMed Central

Christensen, Knud Ib; Zarrei, Mehdi; Kuzmina, Maria; Talent, Nadia; Lin, Charlotte; Dickinson, Timothy A.

2014-01-01

Abstract Crataegus monogyna Jacq. is naturalized in North America, where it has hybridized with native diploid hawthorns at least twice. We provide names for the two nothospecies (as well as for the corresponding nothosections and nothoseries), referring to existing documentation in the literature for nothosp. nov. Crataegus ×ninae-celottiae K.I. Chr. & T.A. Dickinson (C. monogyna × C. punctata Jacq.). New data are provided to further document nothosp. nov. Crataegus ×cogswellii K.I. Chr. & T.A. Dickinson (C. monogyna × C. suksdorfii (Sarg.) Kruschke). In both cases, the striking differences in leaf shape between most New World hawthorns and Old World section Crataegus, and the intermediacy of the hybrids, account for the relative ease with which these hybrids can be recognized. Finally, new sequence data from ITS2 and chloroplast DNA barcoding loci confirm the genetic relationships between the two nothospecies and their respective parents. PMID:24843290

The Book of the Sick of Santa Maria della Morte in Bologna and the Medical Organization of a Hospital in the Sixteenth-Century.

PubMed

Savoia, Paolo

2016-01-01

In 2012 a manuscript was rediscovered in the Biblioteca dell'Archiginnasio of Bologna, titled Libro degli infermi dell'Arciconfraternita di S. Maria della Morte. It is the record of incoming patients of one for the main hospitals of the city, devoted exclusively to the sick poor and not just to the poor, called Santa Maria della Morte, compiled by a young student assistant (astante) for the period 1558-1564. I publish here a transcription of a portion of this Libro pertaining to the year 1560. My introduction situates the manuscript within the context of the history of early modern Italian hospitals, describes the organization of the hospital of Santa Maria della Morte based on archival sources of the period, and finally highlights the connections between surgical and anatomical education and the internal organization of the hospital.

Geologic structure of shallow maria. [topography of lunar maria

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dehon, R. A.; Waskom, J. A.

1975-01-01

Isopach maps and structural contour maps of the eastern mare basins (30 deg N to 30 deg S; 0 deg to 100 deg E), constructed from measurements of partially buried craters, are presented and discussed. The data, which are sufficiently scattered to yield gross thickness variations, are restricted to shallow maria with less than 1500-2000 m of mare basalts. The average thickness of basalt in the irregular maria is between 200 and 400 m. Correlations between surface topography, basalt thickness, and basin floor structure are apparent in most of the basins that were studied. The mare surface is commonly depressed in regions of thick mare basalts; mare ridges are typically located in regions of pronounced thickness changes; and arcuate mare rilles are confined to thin mare basalts. Most surface structures are attributed to shallow stresses developed within the mare basalts during consolidation and volume reduction.

The impact of hybridization on the volatile and sensorial profile of Ocimum basilicum L.

PubMed

da Costa, Andréa Santos; Arrigoni-Blank, Maria de Fátima; da Silva, Maria Aparecida Azevedo Pereira; Alves, Mércia Freitas; Santos, Darlisson de Alexandria; Alves, Péricles Barreto; Blank, Arie Fitzgerald

2014-01-01

The aim of the present study was to investigate the volatile and sensorial profile of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) by quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) of the essential oil of three hybrids ("Cinnamon" × "Maria Bonita," "Sweet Dani" × "Cinnamon," and "Sweet Dani" × "Maria Bonita"). Twelve descriptive terms were developed by a selected panel that also generated the definition of each term and the reference samples. The data were subjected to ANOVA, Tukey's test, and principal component analysis. The hybrid "Cinnamon" × "Maria Bonita" exhibited a stronger global aroma that was less citric than the other samples. Hybridization favored the generation of novel compounds in the essential oil of the hybrid "Sweet Dani" × "Maria Bonita," such as canfora and (E)-caryophyllene; (E)-caryophyllene also was a novel compound in the hybrid "Sweet Dani" × "Cinnamon"; this compound was not present in the essential oils of the parents.

Decadal and seasonal changes in temperature, salinity, nitrate, and chlorophyll in inshore and offshore waters along southeast Australia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kelly, Paige; Clementson, Lesley; Lyne, Vincent

2015-06-01

Sixty years of oceanographic in situ data at Port Hacking (34°S) and Maria Island (42°S) and 15 years of satellite-derived chlorophyll a (chl a) in inshore and offshore waters of southeast Australia show changes in the seasonality and trend of water properties consistent with long-term intensification and southerly extensions of East Australian Current (EAC) water. Decadal analyses reveal that the EAC extension water at Maria Island increased gradually from the 1940s to 1980s, followed by a rapid increase since the 1990s. This acceleration coincided with enhanced winter nitrate, implying increased injections of subantarctic water at Maria Island. Satellite-derived chl a at six coastal sites and offshore companion sites in the western Tasman Sea showed significant inshore-offshore variations in seasonal cycle and long-term trend. After 2004-2005, the Maria Island seasonal cycle became increasingly similar to those of Bass Strait and St. Helens, suggesting that the EAC extension water was extending further southward. Comparative analyses of inshore-offshore sites showed that the presence of EAC extension water declined offshore. Seasonal cycles at Maria Island show a recent shift away from the traditional spring bloom, toward increased winter biomass, and enhanced primary productivity consistent with extensions of warm, energetic EAC extension water and more frequent injections of cooler, fresher nitrate-replete waters. Overall, we find complex temporal, latitudinal, and inshore-offshore changes in multiple water masses, particularly at Maria Island, and changes in primary productivity that will profoundly impact fisheries and ecosystems.

ENSO Effect on East Asian Tropical Cyclone Landfall via Changes in Tracks and Genesis in a Statistical Model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yonekura, Emmi; Hall, Timothy M.

2014-01-01

Improvements on a statistical tropical cyclone (TC) track model in the western North Pacific Ocean are described. The goal of the model is to study the effect of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on East Asian TC landfall. The model is based on the International Best-Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) database of TC observations for 1945-2007 and employs local regression of TC formation rates and track increments on the Nino-3.4 index and seasonally varying climate parameters. The main improvements are the inclusion of ENSO dependence in the track propagation and accounting for seasonality in both genesis and tracks. A comparison of simulations of the 1945-2007 period with observations concludes that the model updates improve the skill of this model in simulating TCs. Changes in TC genesis and tracks are analyzed separately and cumulatively in simulations of stationary extreme ENSO states. ENSO effects on regional (100-km scale) landfall are attributed to changes in genesis and tracks. The effect of ENSO on genesis is predominantly a shift in genesis location from the southeast in El Nino years to the northwest in La Nina years, resulting in higher landfall rates for the East Asian coast during La Nina. The effect of ENSO on track propagation varies seasonally and spatially. In the peak activity season (July-October), there are significant changes in mean tracks with ENSO. Landfall-rate changes from genesis- and track-ENSO effects in the Philippines cancel out, while coastal segments of Vietnam, China, the Korean Peninsula, and Japan show enhanced La Nina-year increases.

[Impact of seasons, years El Nino/La Nina and rainfalls on stroke-related morbidity and mortality in Kinshasa].

PubMed

Kintoki Mbala, F; Longo-Mbenza, B; Mbungu Fuele, S; Zola, N; Motebang, D; Nakin, V; Lueme Lokotola, C; Simbarashe, N; Nge Okwe, A

2016-02-01

The significant impact of seasonality and climate change on stroke-related morbidity and mortality is well established, however, some findings on this issue are conflicting. The objective was to determine the impact of gender, age, season, year of admission, temperature, rainfall and El Nino phenomenon on ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes and fatal cases of stroke. The study was carried out at the teaching hospital of Kinshasa, DRC, between January 1998 and December 2004. Rainy and dry seasons, elevated temperatures, indices of rainfalls El Nino years 1998, 2002 and 2004, but La Nina years 1999-2000 and neutral/normal years 2001 and 2003 were defined. Among 470 incident strokes, 34.5% of victims (n=162) died. Traditional seasons (small dry season, small rainy season, great dry season, great rainy season) and temperatures did not significantly (P>0.005) impact on stroke incidence. However, there was a positive association between the decrease in rainfall, El Nino, and incident ischemic strokes, but a significant positive association between the increase in rainfall, La Nina, and incident hemorrhagic strokes. Using logistic regression analysis, age ≥ 60 years (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.2-2.5; P=0.018) and El Nino years (OR: 2, 95% CI: 1.2-3.3; P=0.009) were identified as the independent predictors of fatal strokes. Early warning systems should be developed to predict the impact of seasons and climate variability on stroke morbidity and mortality. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Light Isotope Abundances in Solar Energetic Particles Measured by the Space Instrument NINA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bakaldin, A.; Galper, A.; Koldashov, S.; Korotkov, M.; Mikhailov, A.; Leonov, V.; Murashov, A.; Voronov, S.; Bidoli, V.; Casolino, M.; De Pascale, M.; Furano, G.; Iannucci, A.; Morselli, A.; Picozza, P.; Sparvoli, R.; Bonvicini, M.; Boezio, V.; Cirami, R.; Vacchi, A.; Zampa, N.; Ambriola, M.; Bellotti, R.; Cafagna, F.; Ciacio, F.; Circella, M.; De Marzo, C.; Adriani, O.; Papini, P.; Piccardi, S.; Spillantini, P.; Straulino, S.; Vannuccini, E.; Bartalucci, S.; Ricci, M.; Castellini, G.

2002-09-01

This article reports nine solar energetic particle (SEP) events detected by the New Instrument for Nuclear Analysis (NINA) between 1998 October and 1999 April. NINA is a silicon-based particle detector mounted on board the Russian satellite Resurs-01-4, which has flown at an altitude of about 800 km in polar inclination since 1998 July. For every solar event, the power-law 4He spectrum across the energy interval 10-50 MeV nucleon-1 was reconstructed and spectral indexes, γ, from 1.8 to 6.8 extracted. Data of 3He and 4He were used to determine the 3He/4He ratio, which for some SEP events indicated an enrichment in 3He. For the 1998 November 7 event, the ratio reached a maximum value of 0.33+/-0.06, with spectral indexes of γ=2.5+/-0.6 and γ=3.7+/-0.3 for 3He and 4He, respectively. The 3He/4He ratio averaged over the remaining events was 0.011+/-0.004. For all events, a deuterium-to-proton ratio was estimated. An upper limit on the average value over all events was 2H/1H<4×10-5 across the energy interval 9-12 MeV nucleon-1. Upper limits on the 3H/1H counting ratio for all events were determined. For the 1998 November 14 SEP event, the high flux of heavy particles detected made it possible to reconstruct the carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen flux.

Utilizing TRMM to Analyze Sea Breeze Thunderstorm Patterns During El Nino Southern Oscillations and Their Effects upon Available Fresh Water for South Florida Agricultural Planning and Management

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cooley, Clayton; Billiot, Amanda; Lee, Lucas; McKee, Jake

2010-01-01

Water is in high demand for farmers regardless of where you go. Unfortunately, farmers in southern Florida have fewer options for water supplies than public users and are often limited to using available supplies from surface and ground water sources which depend in part upon variable weather patterns. There is an interest by the agricultural community about the effect weather has on usable surface water, however, research into viable weather patterns during La Nina and El Nino has yet to be researched. Using rainfall accumulation data from NASA Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) satellite, this project s purpose was to assess the influence of El Nino and La Nina Oscillations on sea breeze thunderstorm patterns, as well as general rainfall patterns during the summer season in South Florida. Through this research we were able to illustrate the spatial and temporal variations in rainfall accumulation for each oscillation in relation to major agricultural areas. The study period for this project is from 1998, when TRMM was first launched, to 2009. Since sea breezes in Florida typically occur in the months of May through October, these months were chosen to be the months of the study. During this time, there were five periods of El Nino and two periods of La Nina, with a neutral period separating each oscillation. In order to eliminate rainfall from systems other than sea breeze thunderstorms, only days that were conducive to the development of a sea breeze front were selected.

The Relationship Between El Nino/La Nina Oscillations and Recent Anomaly Time Series of OLR Determined by CERES and AIRS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Susskind, Joel; Molnar, Gyula; Iredell, Lena; Loeb, Norman G.

2011-01-01

This paper compares recent spatial anomaly time series of OLR (Outgoing Longwave Radiation) and OLRCLR (Clear Sky OLR) as determined using CERES and AIRS observations over the time period September 2002 through June 2010. We find excellent agreement in OLR anomaly time series of both data sets in almost every detail, down to the 1 x 1 spatial grid point level. This extremely close agreement of OLR anomaly time series derived from observations by two different instruments implies that both sets of results must be highly stable. This agreement also validates to some extent the anomaly time series of the AIRS derived products used in the computation of the AIRS OLR product. The paper then examines anomaly time series of AIRS derived products over the extended time period September 2002 through April 2011. We show that OLR anomalies during this period are closely in phase with those of an El Nino index, and that the recent global and tropical mean decreases in OLR and OLRCLR are a result of a transition from an El Nino condition at the beginning of the data record to La Nina conditions toward the end of the data period. We show that the relationship between global mean, and especially tropical mean, OLR anomalies to the El Nino index can be explained by temporal changes of the distribution of mid-tropospheric water vapor and cloud cover in two spatial regions that are in direct response to El Nino/La Nina activity which occurs outside these spatial regions.

Common mechanisms regulating dark noise and quantum bump amplification in Drosophila photoreceptors

PubMed Central

Chu, Brian; Liu, Che-Hsiung; Sengupta, Sukanya; Gupta, Amit; Raghu, Padinjat

2013-01-01

Absolute visual thresholds are limited by “dark noise,” which in Drosophila photoreceptors is dominated by brief (∼10 ms), small (∼2 pA) inward current events, occurring at ∼2/s, believed to reflect spontaneous G protein activations. These dark events were increased in rate and amplitude by a point mutation in myosin III (NINAC), which disrupts its interaction with the scaffolding protein, INAD. This phenotype mimics that previously described in null mutants of ninaC (no inactivation no afterpotential; encoding myosin III) and an associated protein, retinophilin (rtp). Dark noise was similarly increased in heterozygote mutants of diacylglycerol kinase (rdgA/+). Dark noise in ninaC, rtp, and rdgA/+ mutants was greatly suppressed by mutations of the Gq α-subunit (Gαq) and the major light-sensitive channel (trp) but not rhodopsin. ninaC, rtp, and rdgA/+ mutations also all facilitated residual light responses in Gαq and PLC hypomorphs. Raising cytosolic Ca2+ in the submicromolar range increased dark noise, facilitated activation of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels by exogenous agonist, and again facilitated light responses in Gαq hypomorphs. Our results indicate that RTP, NINAC, INAD, and diacylglycerol kinase, together with a Ca2+-dependent threshold, share common roles in suppressing dark noise and regulating quantum bump generation; consequently, most spontaneous G protein activations fail to generate dark events under normal conditions. By contrast, quantum bump generation is reliable but delayed until sufficient G proteins and PLC are activated to overcome threshold, thereby ensuring generation of full-size bumps with high quantum efficiency. PMID:23365183

77 FR 55226 - National Register of Historic Places; Notification of Pending Nominations and Related Actions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-07

... and San Antonio Heights Waiting Station, 1251 W. 24th St., Upland, 12000813 IOWA Johnson County... Faulkner County Webb, Joe and Nina, House, 2945 Prince, Conway, 05001171 Jackson County Rock Island Depot...

Significant Findings: Tracking the SeaWiFS Record with a Coupled Physical/Biogeochemical/Radiative Model of the Global Oceans

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Watson, Gregg W.

2000-01-01

The Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) has observed 2.5 years of routine global chlorophyll observations from space. The mission was launched into a record El Nino event, which eventually gave way to one of the most intensive and longest-lasting La Nina events ever recorded. The SeaWiFS chlorophyll record captured the response of ocean phytoplankton to these significant events in the tropical Indo-Pacific basins, but also indicated significant interannual variability unrelated to the El Nino/La Nina events. This included large variability in the North Atlantic and Pacific basins, in the North Central and equatorial Atlantic, and milder patterns in the North Central Pacific. This SeaWiFS record was tracked with a coupled physical/biogeochemical/radiative model of the global oceans using near-real-time forcing data such as wind stresses, sea surface temperatures, and sea ice. This provided an opportunity to offer physically and biogeochemically meaningful explanations of the variability observed in the SeaWiFS data set, since the causal mechanisms and interrelationships of the model are completely understood. The coupled model was able to represent the seasonal distributions of chlorophyll during the SeaWiFS era, and was capable of differentiating among the widely different processes and dynamics occurring in the global oceans. The model was also reasonably successful in representing the interannual signal, especially when it was large, such as, the El Nino and La Nina events in the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans. The model provided different phytoplankton group responses for the different events in these regions: diatoms were predominant in the tropical Pacific during the La Nina but other groups were predominant during El Nino. The opposite condition occurred in the tropical Indian Ocean. Both situations were due to the different responses of the basins to El Nino. The interannual variability in the North Atlantic, which was exhibited in SeaWiFS data as a decline in the spring/summer bloom in 1999 relative to 1998, resulted in the model from a more slowly shoaling mixed layer, allowing herbivore populations to keep pace with increasing phytoplankton populations. However, several aspects of the interannual cycle were not well-represented by the model. Explanations ranged from inherent model deficiencies, to monthly averaging of forcing fields, to biases in SeaWiFS atmospheric correction procedures.

"Mestiza" Consciousness: An Examination of Two Plays with Chicana Protagonists.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aragon, Cecilia

2001-01-01

Examines the representation of gender and ethnicity in two female protagonists, Maria in "Simply Maria" and Alicia in "Alicia in Wonder Tierra." Demonstrates the cultural politics that direct how the protagonists negotiate gender identity within Mexican-American cultures. (SG)

Color Panorama of Santa Maria Crater for Opportunity Anniversary

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-01-20

NASA Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity is spending the seventh anniversary of its landing on Mars investigating a crater called Santa Maria, which has a diameter about the length of a football field. This scene looks eastward across the crater.

Stereo Panorama of Santa Maria Crater for Opportunity Anniversary

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-01-20

NASA Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity spent the seventh anniversary of its landing on Mars investigating a crater called Santa Maria, which has a diameter about the length of a football field. 3D glasses are necessary to view this image.

First record of Tettigettalna mariae Quartau & Boulard, 1995 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) in Spain

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Abstract Tettigettalna mariae Quartau & Boulard 1995 is recorded for the first time in Spain. Thought to be endemic to Portugal (occurring in the southern province of Algarve), the present paper adds its distribution to southern Spain, being an Iberian endemism. The acoustic signals of the new specimens collected were recorded in different localities of Huelva province, in Andalusia during August 2012. According to their present known distribution, specimens of Tettigettalna mariae tend to be sparsely distributed in small range populations in southern Iberian Peninsula, favouring wooded areas with Pinus pinea. PMID:24723772

Study of the Physics of Insulating Films as Related to the Reliability of Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Devices

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-08-01

Theis, J.R. Kirtley, J.C. Tsang, D.R. Young, F.L. Pesavento and S.D. Brorson Silicon-Rich SiO 2 and Thermal SiO, Dual Dielectric for Yield Improvment...Memories Using Off-Stoichiometric Silicon Dioxide Films Page 174 D.J. DiMaria, D.W. Dong, F.L. Pesavento , C. Lam and S.D. Brorson Ellipsometry...K.M. DeMeyer, C.M. Serrano, D.W. Dong (14), by D.J. DiMaria, D.W. Dong. C. Falcony, S.D. Brorson (22). and by D.J. DiMaria, D.W. Dong, F.L. Pesavento

Hurricane Maria's Strengthening Winds Seen in NASA SMAP Image

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-09-19

The radiometer instrument on NASA's Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) spacecraft captured this image of Hurricane Maria at 6:27 a.m. EDT on Sept. 19, 2017 (10:27 UTC), showing an estimated maximum surface wind speed of 126.6 miles per hour (56.6 meters per second). While Maria was already a Category 5 hurricane at the time of this observation, it is an extremely tightly organized hurricane and SMAP cannot fully resolve its highest winds due to the 25-mile (40-kilometer) resolution of SMAP. https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA21960

Distribution and stratigraphy of basaltic units in Maria Tranquillitatis and Fecunditatis: A Clementine perspective

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rajmon, D.; Spudis, P.

2004-01-01

Maria Tranquillitatis and Fecunditatis have been mapped based on Clementine image mosaics and derived iron and titanium maps. Impact craters served as stratigraphic probes enabling better delineation of compositionally different basaltic units, determining the distribution of subsurface basalts, and providing estimates of total basalt thickness and the thickness of the surface units. Collected data indicate that volcanism in these maria started with the eruption of low-Ti basalts and evolved toward medium- and high-Ti basalts. Some of the high-Ti basalts in Mare Tranquillitatis began erupting early and were contemporaneous with the low- and medium-Ti basalts; these units form the oldest units exposed on the mare surface. Mare Tranquillitatis is mostly covered with high- Ti basalts. In Mare Fecunditatis, the volume of erupting basalts clearly decreased as the Ti content increased, and the high-Ti basalts occur as a few patches on the mare surface. The basalt in both maria is on the order of several hundred meters thick and locally may be as thick as 1600 m. The new basalt thickness estimates generally fall within the range set by earlier studies, although locally differ. The medium- to high-Ti basalts exposed at the surfaces of both maria are meters to tens of meters thick.

Women in History--Maria Montessori

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zierdt, Ginger L.

2007-01-01

This article profiles Maria Montessori, an international ambassador for children who became known for her theories and methods of pedagogy, called the "Montessori Method." Montessori developed an educational theory, which combined ideas of scholar Froebel, anthropologists Giuseooe Serge, French physicians Jean Itard and Edouard Sequin,…

Two new species of South American Centrorlenella (Anura: Centrolenidae) related to C. Mariae

USGS Publications Warehouse

Flores, G.; McDiarmid, R.W.

1989-01-01

Two new Centrolenella are described, C. azulae from the Cordillera Azul of Peru, and C. puyoensis from the Amazonian slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes. Centrolenella azulae is distinguished by its moderately large size, the presence of vomerine teeth, a snout truncate in dorsal view and slightly protruding in profile, a color pattern in preservative of very diffuse lavender with small colorless spots, basal webbing on the outer fingers, and a low ulnar fold. Centrolenella puyoensis is distinguished by its moderately large size, a snout truncate in dorsal view and rounded in profile, a color pattern in preservative of purplish-gray with large cream spots, a tympanum that is three-fourths exposed, and intricate anal ornamentation. Both new species are closely related to the Peruvian C. mariae, and together the three species form the C. mariae group, definable on a number of shared, derived characters. A hypothesis of relationships within the mariae group is presented, postulating puyoensis as the most primitive and azulae as the most derived of the trio.

Two new species of South American Centrolenella (Anura: Centrolenidae) related to C. mariae

USGS Publications Warehouse

Flores, Glenn; McDiarmid, Roy W.

1989-01-01

Two new Centrolenella are described, C. azulae from the Cordillera Azul of Perú, and C. puyoensis from the Amazonian slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes. Centrolenella azulae is distinguished by its moderately large size, the presence of vomerine teeth, a snout truncate in dorsal view and slightly protruding in profile, a color pattern in preservative of very diffuse lavender with small colorless spots, basal webbing on the outer fingers, and a low ulnar fold. Centrolenella puyoensis is distinguished by its moderately large size, a snout truncate in dorsal view and rounded in profile, a color pattern in preservative of purplish-gray with large cream spots, a tympanum that is three-fourths exposed, and intricate anal ornamentation. Both new species are closely related to the Peruvian C. mariae, and together the three species form the C. mariae group, definable on a number of shared, derived characters. A hypothesis of relationships within the mariae group is presented, postulating puyoensis as the most primitive and azulae as the most derived of the trio.

The Impact of Hybridization on the Volatile and Sensorial Profile of Ocimum basilicum L.

PubMed Central

da Costa, Andréa Santos; Arrigoni-Blank, Maria de Fátima; da Silva, Maria Aparecida Azevedo Pereira; Alves, Mércia Freitas; Santos, Darlisson de Alexandria; Alves, Péricles Barreto; Blank, Arie Fitzgerald

2014-01-01

The aim of the present study was to investigate the volatile and sensorial profile of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) by quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) of the essential oil of three hybrids (“Cinnamon” × “Maria Bonita,” “Sweet Dani” × “Cinnamon,” and “Sweet Dani” × “Maria Bonita”). Twelve descriptive terms were developed by a selected panel that also generated the definition of each term and the reference samples. The data were subjected to ANOVA, Tukey's test, and principal component analysis. The hybrid “Cinnamon” × “Maria Bonita” exhibited a stronger global aroma that was less citric than the other samples. Hybridization favored the generation of novel compounds in the essential oil of the hybrid “Sweet Dani” × “Maria Bonita,” such as canfora and (E)-caryophyllene; (E)-caryophyllene also was a novel compound in the hybrid “Sweet Dani” × “Cinnamon”; this compound was not present in the essential oils of the parents. PMID:24558334

Taking a 3-D Slice of Hurricane Maria's Cloud Structure

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-09-20

NASA's CloudSat satellite flew over Hurricane Maria on Sept. 17, 2017, at 1:23 p.m. EDT (17:23 UTC) as the storm had just strengthened into a hurricane in the Atlantic Ocean. Hurricane Maria contained estimated maximum sustained winds of 75 miles per hour (65 knots) and had a minimum barometric pressure of 986 millibars. CloudSat flew over Maria through the center of the rapidly intensifying storm, directly through an overshooting cloud top (a dome-shaped protrusion that shoots out of the top of the anvil cloud of a thunderstorm). CloudSat reveals the vertical extent of the overshooting cloud top, showing the estimated height of the cloud to be 11 miles (18 kilometers). Areas of high reflectivity with deep red and pink colors extend well above 9 miles (15 kilometers) in height, showing large amounts of water being drawn upward high into the atmosphere. A movie is available at https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA21961

TOPEX/El Nino Watch - Satellite Shows Pacific Running Hot and Cold, September 12, 1998

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1998-01-01

This image of the Pacific Ocean was produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the U.S.-French TOPEX/Poseidon satellite. The image shows sea surface height relative to normal ocean conditions on September 12, 1998; these sea surface heights are an indicator of the changing amount of heat stored in the ocean. The tropical Pacific Ocean continues to exhibit the complicated characteristics of both a lingering El Nino, and a possibly waning La Nina situation. This image shows that the rapid cooling of the central tropical Pacific has slowed and this area of low sea level (shown in purple) has decreased slightly since last month. It is still uncertain, scientists say, that this cold pool will evolve into a long-lasting La Nina situation. Remnants of the El Nino warm water pool, shown here in red and white, are still lingering to the north and south of the equator. The coexistence of these two contrasting conditions indicates that the ocean and the climate system remain in transition. These strong patterns have remained in the climate system for many months and will continue to influence weather conditions around the world in the coming fall and winter. The satellite's sea-surface height measurements have provided scientists with a detailed view of the 1997-98 El Nino because the TOPEX/Poseidon satellite measures the changing sea-surface height with unprecedented precision. The purple areas are about 18 centimeters (7 inches) below normal, creating a deficit in the heat supply to the surface waters. The white areas show the sea surface is between 14 and 32 centimeters (6 to 13 inches) above normal; in the red areas, it's about 10 centimeters (4 inches) above normal. The green areas indicate normal conditions. The purple areas are 14 to 18 centimeters (6 to 7 inches) below normal and the blue areas are 5 to 13 centimeters (2 to 5 inches) below normal. The El Nino phenomenon is thought to be triggered when the steady westward blowing trade winds weaken and even reverse direction. This change in the winds allows a large mass of warm water (the red and white area) that is normally located near Australia to move eastward along the equator until it reaches the coast of South America. The displacement of so much warm water affects evaporation, where rain clouds form and, consequently, alters the typical atmospheric jet stream patterns around the world. A La Nina situation is essentially the opposite of an El Nino condition, but during La Nina the trade winds are stronger than normal and the cold water that normally exists along the coast of South America extends to the central equatorial Pacific. A La Nina situation also changes global weather patterns, and is associated with less moisture in the air resulting in less rain along the west coasts of North and South America.

For more information, please visit the TOPEX/Poseidon project web page at http://topex-www.jpl.nasa.gov

Analysis of the Relative Geological Ages of the Lunar Maria

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zeng, X.; Mu, L.; Gao, X.; Yan, W.

2014-12-01

Lunar Maria are large, dark, plain areas on the lunar surface mostly covered by basaltic, which are formed by ancient volcanic eruptions, and 23 lunar maria have been named. There are mainly two methods used to determine the ages of the planet surface which are radiometric dating (Papike et.al., 1998) and crater counting (Hiesinger et.al. 2000, 2003). As for the lunar surface, some scientists have study the ages of the lunar mare basalts with these methods, however, since the boundaries of the lunar maria have not been defined, so that there are few study on the relative ages among the named lunar maria from a geographic area perspective. In this approach, we detected the boundaries for each named lunar mare and analysis the relative ages for them with the crater counting method.In detecting the boundaries of the lunar maria, some lunar image data and topographic data were collected from Chang'E1 program data, such as the lunar global DOM data with a resolution of 120m, and the global DEM data with a resolution of 500m. For the crater counting, some crater data were downloaded from the website (http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/SearchResults?target=Moon&featureType=Crater,%20craters). Based on the global lunar DEM and DOM data, the images were classified into lunar mare and highland with maximum likelihood classification method, after that, ArcMap 3D Analyst tool was used to extract each lunar mare, then the boundaries of 23 named lunar maria were detected.With the crater data and the lunar mare boundaries, the number of the craters in each lunar mare could be counted, and the summarize area of the craters in each mare could also be calculated with the diameter attribute in the crater data. Some attributes of each lunar mare were shown as Tab.1.After that, we calculated the value by dividing the area of each mare with the area of the craters in the mare, and then the value was visualized in a global lunar map, as shown in Fig.1. The bigger value stands for more crater frequency, which means the geologic age of the mare might be relatively older.The result shows that some maria in the farside such as the Mare Ingenii might be older than others. Since the result depends a lot on the precision of craters data, so in the future research, we should extract the craters from other lunar global images with higher resolution.

Neogene stratigraphy, foraminifera, diatoms, and depositional history of Maria Madre Island, Mexico: Evidence of early Neogene marine conditions in the southern Gulf of California

USGS Publications Warehouse

McCloy, C.; Ingle, J.C.; Barron, J.A.

1988-01-01

Foraminifera and diatoms have been analyzed from an upper Miocene through Pleistocene(?) sequence of marine sediments exposed on Maria Madre Island, largest of the Tre??s Marias Islands off the Pacific coast of Mexico. The Neogene stratigraphic sequence exposed on Maria Madre Island includes a mid-Miocene(?) non-marine and/or shallow marine sandstone unconformably overlain by a lower upper Miocene to uppermost Miocene upper to middle bathyal laminated and massive diatomite, mudstone, and siltstone unit. This unit is unconformably overlain by lower Pliocene middle to lower bathyal sandstones and siltstones which, in turn, are unconformably overlain by upper Pliocene through Pleistocene(?) upper bathyal to upper middle bathyal foraminiferal limestones and siltstones. These beds are unconformably capped by Pleistocene terrace deposits. Basement rocks on the island include Cretaceous granite and granodiorite, and Tertiary(?) andesites and rhyolites. The upper Miocene diatomaceous unit contains a low diversity foraminiferal fauna dominated by species of Bolivina indicating low oxygen conditions in the proto-Gulf Maria Madre basin. The diatomaceous unit grades into a mudstone that contains a latest Miocene upper to middle bathyal biofacies characterized by Baggina californica and Uvigerina hootsi along with displaced neritic taxa. An angular unconformity separates the upper Miocene middle bathyal sediments from overlying lower Pliocene siltstones and mudstones that contain a middle to lower bathyal biofacies and abundant planktonic species including Neogloboquadrina acostaensis and Pulleniatina primalis indicating an early Pliocene age. Significantly, this Pliocene unit contains common occurrences of benthic species restricted to Miocene sediments in California including Bulimina uvigerinaformis. Pliocene to Pleistocene(?) foraminiferal limestones and siltstones characterize submarine bank accumulations formed during uplift of the Tre??s Marias Island area, and include abundant planktonic foraminifera such as Pulleniatina obliquiloculata and Neogloboquadrina duterteri. Common benthic foraminifera in this unit are indicative of upper bathyal water depths. The Neogene depositional history recorded on Maria Madre Island involves an early late Miocene subsidence event marking formation of the Tre??s Marias Basin with relatively undiluted diatomaceous sediment deposited in a low oxygen setting. Subsidence and deepening of the basin continued into the early Pliocene along with rapid deposition of terrigenous clastics. Uplift of the basinal sequence began in late Pliocene time accompanied by deposition of upper Pliocene-Pleistocene foraminiferal limestones on a rising submarine bank. Continued episodic uplift of the Neogene deposits brought the island above sea level by late Pleistocene time. ?? 1988.

Magmatic activity at Islas Marias Archipelago, Gulf of California: Oceanic lithosphere with gabbroic sills versus Jurassic-Cretaceous arc components.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schaaf, P. E. G.; Solis-Pichardo, G.; Hernandez-Trevino, T.; Villanueva, D.; Arrieta, G. F.; Rochin, H.; Rodriguez, L. F.; Bohnel, H.; Weber, B.

2015-12-01

Islas Marias Archipelago consists of four islands located in the mouth of the Gulf of California. Lithologically three of them (Maria Madre, San Juanito, and Maria Cleofas) are quite similar with a 165-170 Ma metamorphic basement, 75-85 Ma intrusive and extrusive rocks, and a sedimentary sandstone cover, which according to its foraminiferous content recorded multiple uplift and subsidence events related to the opening of the Gulf. However, these units are absent on Maria Magdalena island which is positioned between the other islands. Here, instead, oceanic lithosphere with pillow lavas and gabbroic sills, intercalated with sandstones form the dominant outcrops. Their geochemical and isotopic characteristics are similar to N-MORB with epsilon Nd values around +10 and 87Sr/86Sr of 0.70290. The gabbros are not older than 22 Ma. Magdalena island was obviously uplifted separately from the other islands of the archipelago, probably along a now hidden transform fault system along the East Pacific Rise. Metamorphic and igneous rocks of the other islands can be correlated to lithologically similar units in the Los Cabos Block, Baja California, or to the continental margin units in Sinaloa, Nayarit and Jalisco states when looking at their geochemical and geochronological signatures. Paleomagnetic studies on 35 sampling sites from all 4 islands give evidence for relatively small scale tectonic movements.

Interannual variability and predictability over the Arabian Penuinsula Winter monsoon region

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adnan Abid, Muhammad; Kucharski, Fred; Almazroui, Mansour; Kang, In-Sik

2016-04-01

Interannual winter rainfall variability and its predictability are analysed over the Arabian Peninsula region by using observed and hindcast datasets from the state-of-the-art European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) seasonal prediction System 4 for the period 1981-2010. An Arabian winter monsoon index (AWMI) is defined to highlight the Arabian Peninsula as the most representative region for the Northern Hemispheric winter dominating the summer rainfall. The observations show that the rainfall variability is relatively large over the northeast of the Arabian Peninsula. The correlation coefficient between the Nino3.4 index and rainfall in this region is 0.33, suggesting potentially some modest predictability, and indicating that El Nino increases and La Nina decreases the rainfall. Regression analysis shows that upper-level cyclonic circulation anomalies that are forced by El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are responsible for the winter rainfall anomalies over the Arabian region. The stronger (weaker) mean transient-eddy activity related to the upper-level trough induced by the warm (cold) sea-surface temperatures during El Nino (La Nina) tends to increase (decrease) the rainfall in the region. The model hindcast dataset reproduces the ENSO-rainfall connection. The seasonal mean predictability of the northeast Arabian rainfall index is 0.35. It is shown that the noise variance is larger than the signal over the Arabian Peninsula region, which tends to limit the prediction skill. The potential predictability is generally increased in ENSO years and is, in particular, larger during La Nina compared to El Nino years in the region. Furthermore, central Pacific ENSO events and ENSO events with weak signals in the Indian Ocean tend to increase predictability over the Arabian region.

Rainfall variability over South-east Asia - connections with Indian monsoon and ENSO extremes: new perspectives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kripalani, R. H.; Kulkarni, Ashwini

1997-09-01

Seasonal and annual rainfall data for 135 stations for periods varying from 25 to 125 years are utilized to investigate and understand the interannual and short-term (decadal) climate variability over the South-east Asian domain. Contemporaneous relations during the summer monsoon period (June to September) reveal that the rainfall variations over central India, north China, northern parts of Thailand, central parts of Brunei and Borneo and the Indonesian region east of 120°E vary in phase. However, the rainfall variations over the regions surrounding the South China Sea, in particular the north-west Philippines, vary in the opposite phase. Possible dynamic causes for the spatial correlation structure obtained are discussed.Based on the instrumental data available and on an objective criteria, regional rainfall anomaly time series for contiguous regions over Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Indonesia and Philippines are prepared. Results reveal that although there are year-to-year random fluctuations, there are certain epochs of the above- and below-normal rainfall over each region. These epochs are not forced by the El Niño/La Nina frequencies. Near the equatorial regions the epochs tend to last for about a decade, whereas over the tropical regions, away from the Equator, epochs last for about three decades. There is no systematic climate change or trend in any of the series. Further, the impact of El Niño (La Nina) on the rainfall regimes is more severe during the below (above) normal epochs than during the above (below) normal epochs. Extreme drought/flood situations tend to occur when the epochal behaviour and the El Niño/La Nina events are phase-locked.

Development of a field-friendly automated dietary assessment tool and nutrient database for India

PubMed Central

Daniel, Carrie R.; Kapur, Kavita; McAdams, Mary J.; Dixit-Joshi, Sujata; Devasenapathy, Niveditha; Shetty, Hemali; Hariharan, Sriram; George, Preethi S.; Mathew, Aleyamma; Sinha, Rashmi

2017-01-01

Studies of diet and disease risk in India and among other Asian-Indian populations are hindered by the need for a comprehensive dietary assessment tool to capture data on the wide variety of food and nutrient intakes across different regions and ethnic groups. The nutritional component of the India Health Study, a multicentre pilot cohort study, included 3908 men and women, aged 35–69 years, residing in three regions of India (New Delhi in the north, Mumbai in the west and Trivandrum in the south). We developed a computer-based, interviewer-administered dietary assessment software known as the ‘NINA-DISH (New Interactive Nutrition Assistant – Diet in India Study of Health)’, which consisted of four sections: (1) a diet history questionnaire with defined questions on frequency and portion size; (2) an open-ended section for each mealtime; (3) a food-preparer questionnaire; (4) a 24 h dietary recall. Using the preferred meal-based approach, frequency of intake and portion size were recorded and linked to a nutrient database that we developed and modified from a set of existing international databases containing data on Indian foods and recipes. The NINA-DISH software was designed to be easily adaptable and was well accepted by the interviewers and participants in the field. A predominant three-meal eating pattern emerged; however, patterns in the number of foods reported and the primary contributors to macro- and micronutrient intakes differed by region and demographic factors. The newly developed NINA-DISH software provides a much-needed tool for measuring diet and nutrient profiles across the diverse populations of India with the potential for application in other South Asian populations living throughout the world. PMID:23796477

Development of a field-friendly automated dietary assessment tool and nutrient database for India.

PubMed

Daniel, Carrie R; Kapur, Kavita; McAdams, Mary J; Dixit-Joshi, Sujata; Devasenapathy, Niveditha; Shetty, Hemali; Hariharan, Sriram; George, Preethi S; Mathew, Aleyamma; Sinha, Rashmi

2014-01-14

Studies of diet and disease risk in India and among other Asian-Indian populations are hindered by the need for a comprehensive dietary assessment tool to capture data on the wide variety of food and nutrient intakes across different regions and ethnic groups. The nutritional component of the India Health Study, a multicentre pilot cohort study, included 3908 men and women, aged 35-69 years, residing in three regions of India (New Delhi in the north, Mumbai in the west and Trivandrum in the south). We developed a computer-based, interviewer-administered dietary assessment software known as the 'NINA-DISH (New Interactive Nutrition Assistant - Diet in India Study of Health)', which consisted of four sections: (1) a diet history questionnaire with defined questions on frequency and portion size; (2) an open-ended section for each mealtime; (3) a food-preparer questionnaire; (4) a 24 h dietary recall. Using the preferred meal-based approach, frequency of intake and portion size were recorded and linked to a nutrient database that we developed and modified from a set of existing international databases containing data on Indian foods and recipes. The NINA-DISH software was designed to be easily adaptable and was well accepted by the interviewers and participants in the field. A predominant three-meal eating pattern emerged; however, patterns in the number of foods reported and the primary contributors to macro- and micronutrient intakes differed by region and demographic factors. The newly developed NINA-DISH software provides a much-needed tool for measuring diet and nutrient profiles across the diverse populations of India with the potential for application in other South Asian populations living throughout the world.

Comparison of Forced ENSO-Like Hydrological Expressions in Simulations of the Preindustrial and Mid-Holocene

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lewis, Sophie C.; LeGrande, Allegra N.; Schmidt, Gavin A.; Kelley, Maxwell

2014-01-01

Using the water isotope- and vapor source distribution (VSD) tracer-enabled Goddard Institute for Space Studies ModelE-R, we examine changing El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-like expressions in the hydrological cycle in a suite of model experiments. We apply strong surface temperature anomalies associated with composite observed El Nino and La Nina events as surface boundary conditions to preindustrial and mid-Holocene model experiments in order to investigate ENSO-like expressions in the hydrological cycle under varying boundary conditions. We find distinct simulated hydrological anomalies associated with El Nino-like ("ENSOWARM") and La Nina-like ("ENSOCOOL") conditions, and the region-specific VSD tracers show hydrological differences across the Pacific basin between El Nino-like and La Nina-like events. The application of ENSOCOOL forcings does not produce climatological anomalies that represent the equal but opposite impacts of the ENSOWARM experiment, as the isotopic anomalies associated with ENSOWARM conditions are generally stronger than with ENSOCOOL and the spatial patterns of change distinct. Also, when the same ENSO-like surface temperature anomalies are imposed on the mid-Holocene, the hydrological response is muted, relative to the preindustrial. Mid-Holocene changes in moisture sources to the analyzed regions across the Pacific reveal potentially complex relationships between ENSO-like conditions and boundary conditions. Given the complex impacts of ENSO-like conditions on various aspects of the hydrological cycle, we suggest that proxy record insights into paleo-ENSO variability are most likely to be robust when synthesized from a network of many spatially diverse archives, which can account for the potential nonstationarity of ENSO teleconnections under different boundary conditions.

Global Precipitation Analyses at Time Scales of Monthly to 3-Hourly

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Adler, Robert F.; Huffman, George; Curtis, Scott; Bolvin, David; Nelkin, Eric; Einaudi, Franco (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

Global precipitation analysis covering the last few decades and the impact of the new TRMM precipitation observations are discussed. The 20+ year, monthly, globally complete precipitation analysis of the World Climate Research Program's (WCRP/GEWEX) Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) is used to explore global and regional variations and trends and is compared to the much shorter TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) tropical data set. The GPCP data set shows no significant trend in precipitation over the twenty years, unlike the positive trend in global surface temperatures over the past century. Regional trends are also analyzed. A trend pattern that is a combination of both El Nino and La Nina precipitation features is evident in the Goodyear data set. This pattern is related to an increase with time in the number of combined months of El Nino and La Nina during the Goodyear period. Monthly anomalies of precipitation are related to ENRON variations with clear signals extending into middle and high latitudes of both hemispheres. The GPCP daily, 1 degree latitude-longitude analysis, which is available from January 1997 to the present is described and the evolution of precipitation patterns on this time scale related to El Nino and La Nina is described. Finally, a TRMM-based Based analysis is described that uses TRMM to calibrate polar-orbit microwave observations from SSM/I and geosynchronous OR observations and merges the various calibrated observations into a final, Baehr resolution map. This TRMM standard product will be available for the entire TRMM period (January Represent). A real-time version of this merged product is being produced and is available at 0.25 degree latitude-longitude resolution over the latitude range from 50 deg. N -50 deg. S. Examples will be shown, including its use in monitoring flood conditions.

Eugenio Maria de Hostos and His Pedagogical Thought

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Osorio, Carlos Rojas

2012-01-01

Considered one of the forefathers of the social sciences and humanities throughout Latin America, Eugenio Maria de Hostos (1839-1903) also made important contributions to educational thinking, establishing important educational programs in places like Chile and the Dominican Republic. Hostos is also a key historical figure in the struggle for…

78 FR 51275 - Members of Senior Executive Service Performance Review Boards

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-20

..., Associate CIO, Strategy and Planning (IT) Julieta Garcia, Director, Customer Assistance, Relationships and...) Debra L. Nelson, Director, Management Services (IT) Nina E. Olson, National Taxpayer Advocate (TAS... Management Office (IT) David W. Stender, Associate CIO, Cybersecurity (IT) Peter J. Stipek, Director...

Interactive Algorithms for Unsupervised Machine Learning

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-01

committee members, Nina Balcan, Sanjoy Dasgupta, and John Langford. Nina’s unbounded energy and her passion for machine learning are qualities that I...52 3.3.2 Simulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 3.3.3 Real World Experiments...80 4.4.1 Simulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 4.4.2 Real World

The Pig--Pet, Pork or Sacrifice?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arnold, Arthur

1988-01-01

Discusses the various roles of the pig in children's books, including E. B. White's CHARLOTTE'S WEB and Nina Bawden's PEPPERMINT PIG. Notes that, although pigs are often used as metaphors for greed, gluttony, and squalor, the portrayal of pigs in children's literature is typically positive. (MM)

Predicting drought propagation within peat layers using a three dimensionally explicit voxel based model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Condro, A. A.; Pawitan, H.; Risdiyanto, I.

2018-05-01

Peatlands are very vulnerable to widespread fires during dry seasons, due to availability of aboveground fuel biomass on the surface and belowground fuel biomass on the sub-surface. Hence, understanding drought propagation occurring within peat layers is crucial with regards to disaster mitigation activities on peatlands. Using a three dimensionally explicit voxel-based model of peatland hydrology, this study predicted drought propagation time lags into sub-surface peat layers after drought events occurrence on the surface of about 1 month during La-Nina and 2.5 months during El-Nino. The study was carried out on a high-conservation-value area of oil palm plantation in West Kalimantan. Validity of the model was evaluated and its applicability for disaster mitigation was discussed. The animations of simulated voxels are available at: goo.gl/HDRMYN (El-Nino 2015 episode) and goo.gl/g1sXPl (La-Nina 2016 episode). The model is available at: goo.gl/RiuMQz.

Phospholipid fatty acid composition of Gorgonia mariae and Gorgonia ventalina.

PubMed

Carballeira, Néstor M; Miranda, Carlos; Rodríguez, Abimael D

2002-01-01

The phospholipid fatty acid composition of the Caribbean gorgonians Gorgonia mariae (Bayer) and Gorgonia ventalina (Linnaeus) is described for the first time. The main phospholipids identified were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylserine. The main fatty acids were 14:0, 16:0, 18:3(n-6), 18:4(n-3), 18:2(n-6), 20:4(n-6), 22:6(n-3), and 24:5(n-6). In both G. mariae and G. ventalina n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids predominated over the n-3 family. In addition, the 7-methyl-6(E)-hexadecenoic acid was identified in both gorgonians. The occurrence of tetracosapolyenoic fatty acids in the genus Gorgonia is also reported for the first time.

Making Room for Children's Autonomy: Maria Montessori's Case for Seeing Children's Incapacity for Autonomy as an External Failing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Frierson, Patrick R.

2016-01-01

This article draws on Martha Nussbaum's distinction between basic, internal, and external (or combined) capacities to better specify possible locations for children's "incapacity" for autonomy. I then examine Maria Montessori's work on what she calls "normalization", which involves a release of children's capacities for…

Maria Rubies I Garrofe (1932-1993)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baste, Carme Amoros

2004-01-01

This article profiles educator Maria Rubies I Garrofe. Rubies was a woman committed to education and the reconstruction of her country, Spain, equipped solely with the force of her convictions and her faith in dialogue. It is difficult to separate her personal commitment from her educational, social and political commitment. From the very outset…

The American Odyssey of Maria Montessori.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kornegay, William

Dr. Maria Montessori's 1913 visit and lecture tour to the United SLates is described in detail with numerous citations from newspaper coverage of the event. The enthusiastic reception extended to the European physician and educator is reviewed, and her meetings, notably with Mr. and Mrs. Alexander Graham Bell, President and Mrs. Woodrow Wilson,…

Negotiating Contradictions in Developing Teacher Identity during the EAL Practicum in Australia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nguyen, Minh Hue

2017-01-01

This paper reports on how Maria (pseudonym), a non-native English speaker (NNES) and preservice teacher (PST) of English as an additional language (EAL), developed her professional identity during the practicum in an Australian secondary school. Drawing on activity theory, the study identified contradictions in Maria's practicum activity and…

Maria Montessori: Portrait of a Young Woman

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Povell, Phyllis

2007-01-01

In this article, the author presents the biography of Maria Montessori, who pioneered early childhood education and introduced a new method of pedagogy. The innovations in education that Montessori introduced were enough to reserve a place for her in the history books. Montessori was ahead of her time in many aspects of her life. The decisions…

78 FR 35942 - National Institute of General Medical Sciences; Notice of Closed Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-14

...). Contact Person: Nina Sidorova, Ph.D., Scientific Review Officer, Office of Scientific Review, National.... Johnson, Ph.D., Scientific Review Officer, Office of Scientific Review, National Institute of General..., Physiology, and Biological Chemistry Research; 93.862, Genetics and Developmental Biology Research; 93.88...

77 FR 15665 - Cellular Service, Including Changes in Licensing of Unserved Area; Interim Restrictions and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-16

... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section of this document. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Nina Shafran, Wireless... produced. In addition, the Cellular Service stands apart from virtually all other commercial wireless... flexibly licensed commercial wireless services, the Commission proposes to establish a signal field...

The State of the California Current in 1999-2000: Forward to a New Regime?

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

DiGiacomo, P.

2000-01-01

Following an extended absence, the reintroduction of ocean color sensors to space in the mid to late 1990's provided an invaluable opportunity for evaluating the biological impact of the 1997-99 El Nino/La Nina events in the California Current System (CCS).

76 FR 38672 - Order of Succession for the Office of Strategic Planning and Management

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-01

... Office of Strategic Planning and Management AGENCY: Office of Strategic Planning and Management, HUD... Planning and Management, designates the Order of Succession for the Office of Strategic Planning and..., 2011. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Nina M. Coward, Office of Strategic Planning and Management...

76 FR 38672 - Redelegation of Authority to the Office of Strategic Planning and Management

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-01

... the Office of Strategic Planning and Management AGENCY: Office of the Chief Operating Officer, HUD... HUD (COO) redelegates to the Director, Office of Strategic Planning and Management, authority and... 22, 2011. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Nina M. Coward, Office of Strategic Planning and...

78 FR 63231 - National Institute of General Medical Sciences; Notice of Closed Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-23

... Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814. Contact Person: Nina Sidorova, Ph.D., Scientific Review Officer..., Ph.D., Scientific Review Officer, Office of Scientific Review, National Institute of General Medical... Biological Chemistry Research; 93.862, Genetics and Developmental Biology Research; 93.88, Minority Access to...

Getting into ENSO

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Hyonyong; Jax, Dan

2004-01-01

To develop scientific literacy in today's global era, however, it is important that students learn about interactions within the Earth's systems worldwide. A unit exploring El Nino and La Nina-phenomena that can result in extreme weather events in locations all around the world-can help bridge this gap and broaden students awareness of global…

Breaking through the Tension: The Operational Art of Special Operations in Phase Zero

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-05-23

2008, GAO-09-07. Uribe Velez, Alvaro . “An Interview with Alvaro Uribe Velez.” Prism (National Defense University Press) 3, no. 3 (June 2012): 140...Service, 30 June 2011. Serafino, Nina M. Colombia: The Uribe Administration and Congressional Concerns. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service

Maria Tallchief. Raintree/Rivilo American Indian Stories Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Erdrich, Heidi Ellen

The great American ballerina, Maria Tallchief, was born in 1925 in Fairfax, Oklahoma. Her mother was White and her father was a full-blood Osage. Her younger sister, Marjorie, also became a famous dancer. The Osage originally lived in western Missouri. They lived in lodges or tepees and were farmers and hunters. The U.S. Government moved them to…

75 FR 9827 - Proposed Expansion of the Santa Maria Valley Viticultural Area (2008R-287P)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-04

... 105(e) of the Federal Alcohol Administration Act (FAA Act), 27 U.S.C. 205(e), authorizes the Secretary... Valley as a ``natural funnel-shaped'' valley.) Temperatures remain consistent throughout the gentle west... 1974. (c) Boundary. The Santa Maria Valley viticultural area is located in Santa Barbara and San Luis...

Satellite Animation Shows Hurricane Maria and Post-Tropical Storm Jose

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-09-23

This animation of NOAA's GOES East satellite imagery from Sept. 21 at 7:45 a.m. EDT (1145 UTC) to Sept. 23 ending at 7:45 a.m. EDT (1145 UTC) shows Jose becoming a post-tropical storm winding down near New England while Hurricane Maria moved over Puerto Rico and toward the Bahamas.

Maria Catrileo's Work in the Tagmemics of Mapuche.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hernandez, Frances

The Mapuches, a tribe now numbering about 500,000 people in south central Chile are the descendants of the Araucanians of Spanish legend. Many still speak only their own idiom, which now shows much lexical influence of the surrounding Spanish. This paper is an exposition of Maria Catrileo Chiguailaf de Godo's research in her native language. It…

Back to Basics: Incomplete Knowledge of Differential Object Marking in Spanish Heritage Speakers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Montrul, Silvina; Bowles, Melissa

2009-01-01

The obligatory use of the preposition a with animate, specific direct objects in Spanish ("Juan conoce a Maria" "Juan knows Maria") is a well-known instance of Differential Object Marking (DOM; Torrego, 1998; Leonetti, 2004). Recent studies have documented the loss and/or incomplete acquisition of several grammatical features in Spanish heritage…

Neurons and the Process Standards

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zambo, Ron; Zambo, Debby

2011-01-01

The classic Chickens and Pigs problem is considered to be an algebraic problem with two equations and two unknowns. In this article, the authors describe how third-grade teacher Maria is using it to develop a problem-based lesson because she is looking to her students' future needs. As Maria plans, she considers how a series of problems with the…

Maria Goeppert Mayer, the Nuclear Shell Structure, and Magic Numbers

Science.gov Websites

dropdown arrow Site Map A-Z Index Menu Synopsis Maria Goeppert-Mayer, the Nuclear Shell Model, and Magic explanation of how neutrons and protons within atomic nuclei are structured. Called the "nuclear shell American husband, chemical physicist Joseph Mayer. At Argonne, Goeppert-Mayer learned most of her nuclear

Opening the queen's closet: Henrietta Maria, Elizabeth Cromwell, and the politics of cookery.

PubMed

Knoppers, Laura Lunger

2007-01-01

The essay shows how two royalist recipe books- The queens closet opened (1655) and The court & kitchin (sic) of Elizabeth (1664)- fashioned Henrietta Maria (1609-69) and Elizabeth Cromwell (1598-1665) as very different housewives to the English nation. By portraying the much-disliked French Catholic Henrietta Maria as engaged in English domestic practices, The queens closet opened implicitly responded to the scandalous private revelations of The kings cabinet opened (1645); while, in contrast, the satiric cookery book attributed to Elizabeth Cromwell stigmatized her as both a country bumpkin and a foreigner. Yet the cookery books also had unintended republicanizing effects, as consumers appropriated the contents of the queen's closet for their own cabinets and kitchens.

Seismic-reflection studies, offshore Santa Maria Province, California

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bird, K.J.; Childs, J.R.; Taylor, D.J.

1991-02-01

Well data and seismic-reflection records are being analyzed to provide a subsurface geologic framework for the US Geological Survey's Santa Maria Province project. This project, jointly sponsored by the Evolution of Sedimentary Basins and Onshore Oil and Gas Investigations Programs, in a basin-evolution and petroleum geology study focusing on the geologically complex and tectonically active south-central California margin. The area embraces several basins and basin fragments including the onshore Santa Maria, offshore Santa Maria, Pismo, Huasna, Sur, Santa Lucia, and western Santa Barbara-Ventura. These basins have many similarities, including generally synchronous formation at about the end of the Oligocene, developmentmore » on a complex assemblage of Mesozoic tectonostratigraphic terranes, and basin fill consisting of Neogene clastic marine and nonmarine deposits, minor volcanic rocks, and organic-rich biogenous deposits of the Monterey Formation. Despite these similarities, basin origins are controversial and paleogeographies uncertain. In 1990, the US Geological Survey collected approximately 130 line-mi of multichannel seismic reflection data in seven profiles off-shore California from Morro Bay south to the western Santa Barbara Channel. These are the first US Geological Survey seismic data collected in this area since the early 1980s exploratory drilling began in the offshore Santa Maria basin. Profiles were generally oriented perpendicular to structural grain and located to intersect as many well-sites and pre-existing seismic profiles as possible. Profile orientation and spacing were designed to provide the offshore extensions of onshore well-correlation profiles currently under construction. With synthetic seismograms the authors are integrating the stratigraphy of the wells with these seismic-reflection records.« less

Using Child-Parent Psychotherapy in a Home-Based Program Model

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ball, Jennifer; Smith, Mae

2015-01-01

This article tells the story of a single mother, Maria, who has a history of trauma, and her 2-year-old daughter, Lina, as they learn, play, and heal together through the use of Child-Parent Psychotherapy, an evidenced-based, trauma-informed therapeutic intervention in a home-based program model. Through the power of play, Maria and Lina are able…

Jose Maria Albareda (1902-1966) and the Formation of the Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malet, Antoni

2009-01-01

Jose Maria Albareda (1902-1966) was an applied chemist and a prominent member of the Roman Catholic organization, Opus Dei, who played a crucial role in organizing the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas (CSIC), the new scientific institution created by the Franco regime in 1939. The paper analyses first the formative years in…

Frequency of suspected cases of neurocysticercosis detected by computed skull tomography in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.

PubMed

Silva, J E; Diefenthäler, A P; Palma, J K

2000-01-01

Due to the lack of studies about neurocysticercosis in the South of Brazil, an investigation was conducted to determine the percentage of suspected cases of neurocysticercosis in computed tomography diagnoses in Santa Maria, RS, from January 1997 to December 1998. Of 6300 computed tomographies (CT) of the skull performed at the private Hospital de Caridade Astrogildo de Azevedo, 80, i.e., 1.27% were suspected of neurocysticercosis. Fifty were women (62.5%) and 30 were men (37.5%). The most frequent radiological manifestation indicating neurocysticercosis was the presence of calcifications (isolated or associated), with a 95% rate (76 cases), while the presence of hypodense lesions reached a 5% rate (4 cases). After routine analysis, each CT was evaluated again and the suspected cases were confirmed. The percentage of suspected cases of neurocysticercosis detected by CT in the present study carried out in Santa Maria was considered low (1.27%). This can be explained by the fact that tomography is not accessible to the economically underprivileged population of Santa Maria. We hope that the present study can alert the population and the professionals to the fact that neurocysticercosis is a more frequent disease than indicated by the few diagnoses made.

Maria Mitchell's Comet - a Challenge Once More?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boyce, P. B.; Graham, A. P.; Strelnitski, V.

1997-12-01

This year marks the sesquicentennial of the discovery of a fateful comet by Maria Mitchell (1 October 1847). This was one of the first telescopic comets ever discovered and the first one discovered by a woman. It brought Maria Mitchell the gold medal from the King of Denmark, the first appointment of a woman as professor of Astronomy (at Vassar College) and the fame to be the first (and for ninety years - the only) woman - member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. It gave Maria Mitchell an unusually favorable opportunity to struggle for the rights of American women in science. We restore the circumstances of this discovery, and present the results of a modern re-calculation of the orbit of the comet, including its present position in the sky and its ephemeris for the next 50 years. The comet is 32(m) now and will slowly decrease in brightness. Our ability to detect faint objects has improved dramatically over the 150 years since the comet was discovered. By extrapolation, we show that modern technology may catch up with the declining brightness of the comet by the middle of the next century. Another challenge for astronomers!

Remembrances of Maria Goeppert Mayer and the Nuclear Shell Model.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baranger, Elizabeth

2013-04-01

Maria Goeppert Mayer received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963 for her work on the nuclear shell model. I knew her in my teens as a close ``friend of the family.'' The Mayers lived a few blocks away in Leonia, New Jersey from 1939 to 1945, across the street in Chicago from 1945 to 1958 and about one mile away in La Jolla, CA from 1960 till her death. Maria held primarily ``vol'' (voluntary) positions during this period, although in Chicago she was half time at Argonne National Laboratory as a Senior Physicist. She joined the University of California at San Diego as a professor in 1960, her first full-time academic position. I will discuss her positive impact on a teenager seriously considering becoming a physicist. I will also discuss briefly the impact of her work on our understanding of the structure of nuclei. Maria Mayer was creative, well educated, with a supportive father and husband, but she was foreign , received her Ph D at the time of the Great Depression, and was one of the few women trained in physics. Her unusual career and her great success is due to her love of physics and her ability as a theoretical physicist.

Marias Pass, Contact Zone of Two Martian Rock Units

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-12-17

This view from the Mast Camera (Mastcam) in NASA's Curiosity Mars rover shows the "Marias Pass" area where a lower and older geological unit of mudstone -- the pale zone in the center of the image -- lies in contact with an overlying geological unit of sandstone. Just before Curiosity reached Marias Pass, the rover's laser-firing Chemistry and Camera (ChemCam) instrument examined a rock found to be rich in silica, a mineral-forming chemical. This scene combines several images taken on May 22, 2015, during the 992nd Martian day, or sol, of Curiosity's work on Mars. The scene is presented with a color adjustment that approximates white balancing, to resemble how the rocks and sand would appear under daytime lighting conditions on Earth. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/?IDNumber=pia20174

Talking It through: Two French Immersion Learners' Response to Reformulation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Swain, Merrill; Lapkin, Sharon

2002-01-01

This article documents the importance of collaborative dialogue as part of the process of second language learning. The stimulus for the dialogue we discuss in this article was a reformulation of a story written collaboratively in French by Nina and Dara, two adolescent French immersion students. A sociocultural theoretical perspective informs the…

ChemCam Update – Manganese Oxides on Mars

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lanza, Nina

A recent discovery of manganese oxides in Martian rocks might tell us that the Red Planet was once more Earth-like than previously believed. So what exactly does that mean? Nina Lanza, Los Alamos scientist and lead author of the new paper about these findings in Geophysical Research Letters, breaks it down for us.

Consensus report on the future of animal-free systemic toxicity testing

EPA Science Inventory

This is a multi-authored consensus report from conferences held in 2011-2012. Complete author listing is as follows: Marcel Leist1,2, Nina Hasiwa1, Costanza Rovida1, Mardas Daneshian1, David Basketter3, Ian Kimber4, Harvey Clewell5, Tilman Gocht6, Alan Goldberg7, Derek Knight8, G...

Remote Sensing: The View from Above. Know Your Environment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA.

This publication identifies some of the general concepts of remote sensing and explains the image collection process and computer-generated reconstruction of the data. Monitoring the ecological collapse in coral reefs, weather phenomena like El Nino/La Nina, and U.S. Space Shuttle-based sensing projects are some of the areas for which remote…

"El Secreto de las Ninas": A Story of Two Homeless Girls and Science

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Seungyoun

2009-01-01

Through case-based pedagogy, this study provides preservice teachers the opportunities to develop a sense of the multicultural context and to acknowledge their knowledge about diversity. This study creates the chances for preservice teachers to share personal backgrounds and experiences with peers to help them develop open-minded attitudes and…

Early Bashkirian Rugosa (Anthozoa) from the Donets Basin (Ukraine). Part 5. The Family Bothrophyllidae Fomichev, 1953

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fedorowski, Jerzy

2017-06-01

Four genera (one new, one questionable), seven named species (five new) and five taxa left in open nomenclature are described from uppermost Serpukhovian (Limestone D53) to middle Bashkirian (Limestone G11) strata. A new genus: Nina and the new species: Bothrophyllum kalmyussi, B. gorbachevensis, Nina donetsiana, N. dibimitaria and N. magna are introduced. The genus Cystilophophyllum Fomichev, 1953 is redefined and transferred to the Family Bothrophyllidae. Three general topics discussed in the Considerations are: 1. The taxonomic value of the microstructure of the septa and the necessity for a distinction between that character and diagenetic alterations; 2. Depositional conditions, under which the rugose coral skeletons were deposited; 3. The similarity of skeletal constructions vs. relationships in some taxa of the Subfamily Dibunophyllinae Wang, 1950 and the Family Bothrophyllidae Fomichev, 1953. The lack of final conclusions in the matter of the relationships is due to the incompleteness and restricted number of specimens studied herein and the incomplete investigations of a great majority of the earlier described bothrophyllid taxa.

Predicting and downscaling ENSO impacts on intraseasonal precipitation statistics in California: The 1997/98 event

USGS Publications Warehouse

Gershunov, A.; Barnett, T.P.; Cayan, D.R.; Tubbs, T.; Goddard, L.

2000-01-01

Three long-range forecasting methods have been evaluated for prediction and downscaling of seasonal and intraseasonal precipitation statistics in California. Full-statistical, hybrid-dynamical - statistical and full-dynamical approaches have been used to forecast El Nin??o - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) - related total precipitation, daily precipitation frequency, and average intensity anomalies during the January - March season. For El Nin??o winters, the hybrid approach emerges as the best performer, while La Nin??a forecasting skill is poor. The full-statistical forecasting method features reasonable forecasting skill for both La Nin??a and El Nin??o winters. The performance of the full-dynamical approach could not be evaluated as rigorously as that of the other two forecasting schemes. Although the full-dynamical forecasting approach is expected to outperform simpler forecasting schemes in the long run, evidence is presented to conclude that, at present, the full-dynamical forecasting approach is the least viable of the three, at least in California. The authors suggest that operational forecasting of any intraseasonal temperature, precipitation, or streamflow statistic derivable from the available records is possible now for ENSO-extreme years.

Vulnerability, survival and shame in Nina Raine's Tiger Country.

PubMed

Bowman, Deborah

2017-12-01

Shame in healthcare remains relatively underexplored, yet it is commonplace and its impact is significant. This paper explores shame in healthcare using Nina Raine's 2011 play Tiger Country Three manifestations of shame are explored, namely (1) shame in relation to professional identity and survival in the clinical workplace; (2) shame and illness as experienced by both patients and doctors; and (3) the systemic and organisational influences on shame within healthcare systems. I suggest that the theatre is particularly well-placed to elucidate shame, and that Tiger Country demonstrates the prevalence and impact of shame on clinical work. Shame has a fundamental and overlooked relationship with damaging and well-documented phenomena in healthcare, including moral distress, ethical erosion, compassion fatigue, burnout, stress and ill health. Attention to shame is essential for those interested in medicine and healthcare and must, I propose, include the experiences and perceptions of those who provide care, as well as attending to those who receive care. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

AIRS Water Vapor and Cloud Products Validate and Explain Recent Short Term Decreases in Global and Tropical OLR as Observed by CERES

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Susskind, Joel; Molnar, Gyula; Iredell, Lena

2010-01-01

A strong equatorial SST cooling occurred from 160E westward to 120W during the period of September 2002 through August 2010, surrounded by a weaker warming ring to the west. This is the result of a transition from a strong El Nino in late 2002 to a strong La Nina in 2008. Late 2009 is characterized by the beginning of another El Nino. Average rates of change (ARC's) in 500mb specific humidity and cloud cover are in phase with those in the Sea surface temperature (SST). In the El Nino and surrounding region causing outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), to decrease significantly near the dateline and increase in the vicinity of Indonesia. Tropical OLR ARC's in these two areas cancel each other to first order. The negative zonal mean tropical OLR ARC from a drop in equatorial OLR in region 1 from 140W to 40E. This results from increasing water vapor and cloud cover in this area during La Nina with the reverse holding during El Nino.

Temporal Variations in the Photosynthetic Biosphere

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Behrenfeld, Michael; Randerson, James; McClain, Charles; Feldman, Gene; Los, Sietse; Tucker, Compton; Falkowski, Paul; Field, Christopher; Frouin, Robert; Esaias, Wayne;

Bradyrhizobium-Lupinus mariae-josephae: a unique symbiosis endemic of a basic soil in Eastern Spain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Durán, D.; Sánchez-Cañizares, C.; Navarro, A.; Rey, L.; Imperial, J.; Ruiz-Argüeso, T.

2012-04-01

Lupinus mariae-josephae is an intriguing lupine species recently discovered in the Mediterranean region and constitutes an endemism of a small area of Eastern Spain (Valencia province; Pascual, 2004; Mahé et al. 2011). It opens new perspectives for ecological and agronomic interests, as it represents the sole lupine species that preferentially grows in basic soils, while almost all other lupine species occur in acid to neutral soils. The L. mariae-josephae symbionts isolated from soils of calcareous areas of Valencia are extremely slow-growing bacteria belonging to the Bradyrhrizobium genus and showing symbiotic specificity that prevents nodulation of other Lupinus spp. such as L. angustifolius or L. luteus typically thriving in acid soils (Sanchez-Cañizares et al, 2011). Their phylogenetic analysis based on housekeeping and symbiotic genes showed that L. mariae-josephae symbionts belong to an evolutionary lineage that also includes endosymbiotic bacteria from Retama spp. of Northern Algeria basic soils (Boulila et al. 2009). Conversely, this new lineage is phylogenetically distinct from that of endosymbiotic bacteria from other Lupinus spp. native of the Iberian Peninsula, which were nested mainly within B. canariense and B. japonicum lineages. A genomic diversity study of the indigenous bradyrhizobia population of the calcareous areas in Valencia, based on fingerprint and phylogenetic analysis, showed the existence of a large diversity of genotypes, some of which are related to bacteria from the Retama spp. symbiosis in Algeria. This singular genomic divergence of L. mariae-josephae symbiotic bacteria in such a small geographical area fosters attractive studies on the origin, ecology and evolution of both partners of the symbiosis. Furthermore, it is expected that ongoing seed inoculation experiments with selected strains will allow us to extend the extant distribution spots of L. mariae-josephae plants in Valencia area, and also to determine whether the observed edaphic restrictions represent a limitation to the expansion of L. mariae-josephae crops to wide areas of poor calcareous soils in the Mediterranean region. Work supported by FBBVA Contract BIOCON08-078 to TRA and MICINN Project CGL2011-26932 to JI. Mahé et al. 2010 Genet Resour Crop Evol 58, 101-114. Pascual, H. 2004 Anal Jardín Botán Madrid 61(1): 69-72. Sánchez-Cañizares et al 2011 Syst Appl Microbiol 34 207-215 Boulila et al 2009 Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 32, 245-255.

Las Mujeres: Mexican American/Chicana Women. Photographs and Biographies of Seventeen Women from the Spanish Colonial Period to the Present. Revised Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ruthsdotter, Mary

This booklet presents the lives of 17 Mexican American women and institutions that have made significant contributions to Mexican society from past to present day culture. The biographies cover the following women and institutions: Eulalia Arrila de Perez, Dona Maria del Carmen Calvillo, Jovita Idar, Maria Hernandez, Alicia Dickerson Montemayor,…

Conflict over Relocation Divides a Catholic Law School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mangan, Katherine

2007-01-01

A mutiny may be brewing at a Catholic law school whose board has voted to pack it up and move it from Ann Arbor, Michigan to a rural community in southwest Florida. More than half of the professors at Ave Maria School of Law are fighting the move to Ave Maria, Florida, the town being created by Thomas S. Monaghan, the Domino's Pizza mogul who…

Airport Noise Control Strategies,

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-05-01

MONICA SMX SANTA MARIA PUBLIC, SANTA MARIA SNA JOHN WAYNE/ORANGE COUNTY, SANTA ANA SOL LAN CARLOS, SAN CARLOS CTS SONOMA COUNTY , SANTA ROSA SZP SANTA...RUNWAY SYSTEM TOTAL OPERATIONS 174827 CONTACT. NA STS SONOMA COUNTY SANTA ROSA, CA PREFERENTIAL RUNWAY SYSTEM INFORMAL FLIGHT OPERATION RESTRICTION...STS SONOMA COUNTY SANTA ROSA. CA SUN FRIEDMAN MEMORIAL HAILEY, ID SWF STEWART NEWBURGH, NY TED TETERBORO TETERBORO, NJ TLH TALLAHASSEE MUNICIPAL

Bradyrhizobium valentinum sp. nov., isolated from effective nodules of Lupinus mariae-josephae, a lupine endemic of basic-lime soils in Eastern Spain.

PubMed

Durán, David; Rey, Luis; Navarro, Albert; Busquets, Antonio; Imperial, Juan; Ruiz-Argüeso, Tomás

2014-07-01

Bacterial strains isolated from nitrogen-fixing nodules of Lupinus mariae-josephae have been characterized following genetic, phenotypic and symbiotic approaches. Analysis of 16S rRNA genes placed them in a group together with Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA 76(T), B. pachyrhizi PAC48(T), B. jicamae PAC68(T), 'B. retamae' Ro19(T) and B. lablabi CCBAU 23086(T) with over 99.0% identity. Phylogenetic analysis of concatenated housekeeping genes, recA, atpD and glnII, suggested that L. mariae-josephae strains represent a new Bradyrhizobium species, closely related to B. lablabi CCBAU 23086(T), B. jicamae PAC68(T) and 'B. retamae' Ro19(T) with 92.1, 91.9 and 90.8% identity, respectively. These results are consistent with overall genomic identities calculated as Average Nucleotide Identity (ANIm) using draft genomic sequences obtained for relevant strains. While L. mariae-josephae strains LmjM3(T)/LmjM6 exhibited a 99.2% ANIm value, they were significantly distant (<93% ANIm) from type strains of their closest species ('B. retamae' Ro19(T), B. lablabi CCBAU 23086(T) and B. jicamae PAC68(T)). Whole-cell matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (WC-MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis of proteomic patterns of the same strains was consistent with these results. The symbiosis-related genes nodC, nodA and nifH genes from strains nodulating L. mariae-josephae were phylogenetically related to those from 'B. retamae' Ro19(T), but divergent from those of strains that nodulate other lupine species. Based on genetic, genomic, proteomic and phenotypic data presented in this study, L. mariae-josephae nodulating strains LmjM3(T), LmjM6 and LmjM2 should be grouped within a new species for which the name Bradyrhizobium valentinum sp. nov. is proposed (type strain LmjM3(T)=CECT 8364(T), LMG 2761(T)). Copyright © 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Data of cost-optimal solutions and retrofit design methods for school renovation in a warm climate.

PubMed

Zacà, Ilaria; Tornese, Giuliano; Baglivo, Cristina; Congedo, Paolo Maria; D'Agostino, Delia

2016-12-01

"Efficient Solutions and Cost-Optimal Analysis for Existing School Buildings" (Paolo Maria Congedo, Delia D'Agostino, Cristina Baglivo, Giuliano Tornese, Ilaria Zacà) [1] is the paper that refers to this article. It reports the data related to the establishment of several variants of energy efficient retrofit measures selected for two existing school buildings located in the Mediterranean area. In compliance with the cost-optimal analysis described in the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive and its guidelines (EU, Directive, EU 244,) [2], [3], these data are useful for the integration of renewable energy sources and high performance technical systems for school renovation. The data of cost-efficient high performance solutions are provided in tables that are explained within the following sections. The data focus on the describe school refurbishment sector to which European policies and investments are directed. A methodological approach already used in previous studies about new buildings is followed (Baglivo Cristina, Congedo Paolo Maria, D׳Agostino Delia, Zacà Ilaria, 2015; IlariaZacà, Delia D'Agostino, Paolo Maria Congedo, Cristina Baglivo; Baglivo Cristina, Congedo Paolo Maria, D'Agostino Delia, Zacà Ilaria, 2015; Ilaria Zacà, Delia D'Agostino, Paolo Maria Congedo, Cristina Baglivo, 2015; Paolo Maria Congedo, Cristina Baglivo, IlariaZacà, Delia D'Agostino,2015) [4], [5], [6], [7], [8]. The files give the cost-optimal solutions for a kindergarten (REF1) and a nursery (REF2) school located in Sanarica and Squinzano (province of Lecce Southern Italy). The two reference buildings differ for construction period, materials and systems. The eleven tables provided contain data about the localization of the buildings, geometrical features and thermal properties of the envelope, as well as the energy efficiency measures related to walls, windows, heating, cooling, dhw and renewables. Output values of energy consumption, gas emission and costs are given for a financial and a macro-economic analysis. This data article provides 288 and 96 combinations for REF1 and REF2, respectively. The output values are obtained using the software ProCasaClima 2015v.2.0.

Improved calibration of reflectance data from the LRO Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) and implications for space weathering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lemelin, M.; Lucey, P. G.; Neumann, G. A.; Mazarico, E. M.; Barker, M. K.; Kakazu, A.; Trang, D.; Smith, D. E.; Zuber, M. T.

2016-07-01

The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) experiment on Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) is a laser altimeter that also measures the strength of the return pulse from the lunar surface. These data have been used to estimate the reflectance of the lunar surface, including regions lacking direct solar illumination. A new calibration of these data is presented that features lower uncertainties overall and more consistent results in the polar regions. We use these data, along with newly available maps of the distribution of lunar maria, also derived from LRO instrument data, to investigate a newly discovered dependence of the albedo of the lunar maria on latitude (Hemingway et al., [2015]). We confirm that there is an increase in albedo with latitude in the lunar maria, and confirm that this variation is not an artifact arising from the distribution of compositions within the lunar maria, using data from the Lunar Prospector Neutron Spectrometer. Radiative transfer modeling of the albedo dependence within the lunar maria is consistent with the very weak to absent dependence of albedo on latitude in the lunar highlands; the lower abundance of the iron source for space weathering products in the lunar highlands weakens the latitude dependence to the extent that it is only weakly detectable in current data. In addition, photometric models and normalization may take into account the fact that the lunar albedo is latitude dependent, but this dependence can cause errors in normalized reflectance of at most 2% for the majority of near-nadir geometries. We also investigate whether the latitude dependent albedo may have obscured detection of small mare deposits at high latitudes. We find that small regions at high latitudes with low roughness similar to the lunar maria are not mare deposits that may have been misclassified owing to high albedos imposed by the latitude dependence. Finally, we suggest that the only modest correlations among space weathering indicators defined for the lunar samples may be due to mixing of soils from distinct latitudes.

Improved Calibration of Reflectance Data from the LRO Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) and Implications for Space Weathering

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lemelin, M.; Lucey, P. G.; Neumann, G. A.; Mazarico, E. M.; Barker, M. K.; Kakazu, A.; Trang, D.; Smith, D. E.; Zuber, M. T.

2016-01-01

The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) experiment on Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) is a laser altimeter that also measures the strength of the return pulse from the lunar surface. These data have been used to estimate the reflectance of the lunar surface, including regions lacking direct solar illumination. A new calibration of these data is presented that features lower uncertainties overall and more consistent results in the polar regions. We use these data, along with newly available maps of the distribution of lunar maria, also derived from LRO instrument data, to investigate a newly discovered dependence of the albedo of the lunar maria on latitude (Hemingway et al., [2015]). We confirm that there is an increase in albedo with latitude in the lunar maria, and confirm that this variation is not an artifact arising from the distribution of compositions within the lunar maria, using data from the Lunar Prospector Neutron Spectrometer. Radiative transfer modeling of the albedo dependence within the lunar maria is consistent with the very weak to absent dependence of albedo on latitude in the lunar highlands; the lower abundance of the iron source for space weathering products in the lunar highlands weakens the latitude dependence to the extent that it is only weakly detectable in current data. In addition, photometric mod- els and normalization may take into account the fact that the lunar albedo is latitude dependent, but this dependence can cause errors in normalized reflectance of at most 2% for the majority of near-nadir geometries. We also investigate whether the latitude dependent albedo may have obscured detection of small mare deposits at high latitudes. We find that small regions at high latitudes with low roughness similar to the lunar maria are not mare deposits that may have been misclassified owing to high albedos imposed by the latitude dependence. Finally, we suggest that the only modest correlations among space weathering indicators defined for the lunar samples may be due to mixing of soils from distinct latitudes.

El Nino - La Nina events simulated with Cane and Zebiak`s model and observed with satellite or in situ data. Part I: Model data comparison

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Perigaud C.; Dewitte, B.

The Zebiak and Cane model is used in its {open_quotes}uncoupled mode,{close_quotes} meaning that the oceanic model component is driven by the Florida State University (FSU) wind stress anomalies over 1980-93 to simulate sea surface temperature anomalies, and these are used in the atmospheric model component to generate wind anomalies. Simulations are compared with data derived from FSU winds, International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project cloud convection, Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer SST, Geosat sea level, 20{degrees}C isotherm depth derived from an expendable bathythermograph, and current velocities estimated from drifters or current-meter moorings. Forced by the simulated SST, the atmospheric model ismore » fairly successful in reproducing the observed westerlies during El Nino events. The model fails to simulate the easterlies during La Nina 1988. The simulated forcing of the atmosphere is in very poor agreement with the heating derived from cloud convection data. Similarly, the model is fairly successful in reproducing the warm anomalies during El Nino events. However, it fails to simulate the observed cold anomalies. Simulated variations of thermocline depth agree reasonably well with observations. The model simulates zonal current anomalies that are reversing at a dominant 9-month frequency. Projecting altimetric observations on Kelvin and Rossby waves provides an estimate of zonal current anomalies, which is consistent with the ones derived from drifters or from current meter moorings. Unlike the simulated ones, the observed zonal current anomalies reverse from eastward during El Nino events to westward during La Nina events. The simulated 9-month oscillations correspond to a resonant mode of the basin. They can be suppressed by cancelling the wave reflection at the boundaries, or they can be attenuated by increasing the friction in the ocean model. 58 refs., 14 figs., 6 tabs.« less

A simple method to forecast the frequency of depressions and cyclones over Bay of Bengal during summer monsoon season

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sadhuram, Y.; Maneesha, K.; Suneeta, P.

2018-04-01

In this study, an attempt has been made to develop a simple multiple regression model to forecast the total number of depressions and cyclones (TNDC) over Bay of Bengal during summer monsoon (June-September) season using the data for the period, 1995-2016. Four potential predictors (zonal wind speed at 850 hPa in May and April SST in the North Australia-Indonesia region, 05°S-15°S; 120°E-160°E; March NINO 3.4 SST and geopotential height at 200 hPa in the region, 0°N-10°N; 80°E-100°E) have been identified to forecast TNDC. A remarkably high multiple correlation coefficient of 0.92 has been observed with the TNDC which explains 85% variability. The methodology has been tested for the recent 5 years (2012-2016) and found a good agreement between the observed and forecast values of TNDC except in 2015 in which the observed and predicted TNDC were 2 and 0, respectively. It is interesting to see high and significant correlations between the above predictors and the genesis potential parameter (GPP) during summer monsoon season. This GPP depends on the relative vorticity at 850 hPa, mid troposphere relative humidity, thermal instability between 850 and 500 hPa, and vertical wind shear between 200 and 850 hPa. It is inferred that the above predictors are influencing the environmental conditions over Bay of Bengal which, in turn, influencing the genesis of cyclones during summer monsoon season. The impact of ENSO (El-Nino-Southern Oscillation) and La-Nina in TNDC is examined and found that the vertical wind shear and relative vorticity are high and the GPP was almost double in ENSO compared with that in La-Nina which favoured high (low) TNDC under ENSO (La-Nina).

ENSO related SST anomalies and relation with surface heat fluxes over south Pacific and Atlantic

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chatterjee, S.; Nuncio, M.; Satheesan, K.

2017-07-01

The role of surface heat fluxes in Southern Pacific and Atlantic Ocean SST anomalies associated with El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is studied using observation and ocean reanalysis products. A prominent dipole structure in SST anomaly is found with a positive (negative) anomaly center over south Pacific (65S-45S, 120W-70W) and negative (positive) one over south Atlantic (50S-30S, 30W-0E) during austral summer (DJF) of El Nino (LaNina). During late austral spring-early summer (OND) of El Nino (LaNina), anomalous northerly (southerly) meridional moisture transport and a positive (negative) sea level pressure anomaly induces a suppressed (enhanced) latent heat flux from the ocean surface over south Pacific. This in turn results in a shallower than normal mixed layer depth which further helps in development of the SST anomaly. Mixed layer thins further due to anomalous shortwave radiation during summer and a well developed SST anomaly evolves. The south Atlantic pole exhibits exactly opposite characteristics at the same time. The contribution from the surface heat fluxes to mixed layer temperature change is found to be dominant over the advective processes over both the basins. Net surface heat fluxes anomaly is also found to be maximum during late austral spring-early summer period, with latent heat flux having a major contribution to it. The anomalous latent heat fluxes between atmosphere and ocean surface play important role in the growth of observed summertime SST anomaly. Sea-surface height also shows similar out-of-phase signatures over the two basins and are well correlated with the ENSO related SST anomalies. It is also observed that the magnitude of ENSO related anomalies over the southern ocean are weaker in LaNina years than in El Nino years, suggesting an intensified tropics-high latitude tele-connection during warm phases of ENSO.

Global Precipitation during the 1997-98 El Nino and Initiation of the 1998-99 La Nina

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Curtis, Scott; Adler, Robert; Huffman, George; Nelkin, Eric; Bolvin, David

1999-01-01

The 1997-99 ENSO (El nino Southern Oscillation) cycle was very powerful, but also well observed. The best satellite rainfall estimates combined with gauge observations allow for a global analysis of precipitation anomalies accompanying the 1997-98 El Nino and initiation of the 1998-99 La Nina. For the period April 1997 to March 1998 the central to eastern Pacific, southeastern and western U.S., Argentina, eastern Africa, South China, eastern Russia, and North Atlantic were all more than two standard deviations wetter than normal. During the same year the Maritime Continent, eastern Indian Ocean, subtropical North Pacific, northeastern South America, and much of the mid- latitude southern oceans were more than two standard deviations drier than normal. An analysis of the evolution of the El Nino and accompanying precipitation anomalies revealed that a dry Maritime Continent led the formation of the El Nino SST (Sea Surface Temperature), while in the central Pacific, precipitation anomalies lagged the El Nino SST by a season. A rapid transition from El Nino to La Nina occurred in May 1998, but as early as October-November 1997 precipitation indices captured precursor changes in Pacific rainfall anomalies. Differences were found between observed and modeled [NCEP/NCAR (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) reanalysis] precipitation anomalies for 1997 and 98. In particular, the model had a bias towards positive precipitation anomalies and the magnitudes of the anomalies in the equatorial Pacific were small compared to the observations. Also, the evolution of the precipitation field, including the drying of the Maritime Continent and eastward progression of rainfall in the equatorial Pacific, was less pronounced for the model compared to the observations. One degree daily estimates of rainfall show clearly the MaddenJulian Oscillation and related westerly wind burst events over the Maritime Continent, which are key indicators for the onset of El Nino.

Global Precipitation Analyses (3-Hourly to Monthly) Using TRMM, SSM/I and other Satellite Information

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Adler, Robert F.; Huffman, George; Curtis, Scott; Bolvin, David; Nelkin, Eric

2002-01-01

Global precipitation analysis covering the last few decades and the impact of the new TRMM precipitation observations are discussed. The 20+ year, monthly, globally complete precipitation analysis of the World Climate Research Program's (WCRP/GEWEX) Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) is used to explore global and regional variations and trends and is compared to the much shorter TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) tropical data set. The GPCP data set shows no significant trend in precipitation over the twenty years, unlike the positive trend in global surface temperatures over the past century. Regional trends are also analyzed. A trend pattern that is a combination of both El Nino and La Nina precipitation features is evident in the 20-year data set. This pattern is related to an increase with time in the number of combined months of El Nino and La Nina during the 20 year period. Monthly anomalies of precipitation are related to ENS0 variations with clear signals extending into middle and high latitudes of both hemispheres. The GPCP daily, 1 deg. latitude-longitude analysis, which is available from January 1997 to the present is described and the evolution of precipitation patterns on this time scale related to El Nino and La Nina is discussed. Finally, a TRMM-based 3-hr analysis is described that uses TRMM to calibrate polar-orbit microwave observations from SSM/I and geosynchronous IR observations and merges the various calibrated observations into a final, 3-hr resolution map. This TRMM standard product will be available for the entire TRMM period (January 1998-present). A real-time version of this merged product is being produced and is available at 0.25 deg. latitude-longitude resolution over the latitude range from 5O deg. N-50 deg. S. Examples are shown, including its use in monitoring flood conditions.

TOPEX/El Nino Watch - La Nina Conditions Likely to Prevail, October 10, 1999

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1999-01-01

A repeat of last year's mild La Nina conditions -- with a stormy winter in the Pacific Northwest and a dry winter in the southwestern United States -- will be the likely outcome of sea-surface heights observed by NASA's TOPEX/Poseidon satellite, scientists say.

TOPEX/Poseidon has detected lower than normal sea-surface heights in the eastern North Pacific and unusually high sea-surface heights in the western and mid-latitude Pacific. The height of the sea surface over a given area is an indicator of ocean temperature and other factors that influence climate.

The latest measurements, taken during a 10-day data cycle October 5-15, are available at http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/elnino . Sea-surface height is shown relative to normal (green) and reveals cooler water (blue and purple) measuring about 14 centimeters (6 inches) lower in the eastern North Pacific, from the Gulf of Alaska to central Alaska, and along the equator. The cooling trend sets the stage for another La Nina this winter.

'A mirror image of that oceanic profile prevails in the western and mid-latitude Pacific Ocean, where higher than normal sea-surface heights (red and white) are currently about 20 centimeters or 8 inches. Unusually warm temperatures (shown in red and white) have persisted and topped last year's temperatures,' said Dr. William Patzert, an oceanographer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA.

'These unbalanced conditions will undoubtedly exert a very strong influence on climate over North America this fall and winter,' Patzert said. 'Our profile of high sea-surface heights and warm temperatures in the western Pacific Ocean contrasts with low sea-surface heights and cool conditions in the eastern and equatorial Pacific. Those conditions will have a powerful impact on the weather system delivering jet streams out of the North Pacific.'

Conditions are ripe for a stormy, wet winter in the Pacific Northwest and a dry, relatively rainless winter in Southern California and the Southwest, the data show. 'Clearly, these unusual conditions, which have persisted for 2 1/2 years, will not be returning to normal any time soon,' Patzert said. 'This climate imbalance is big and we're definitely going through a decade of wild climatic behavior. But when we look back at the climate record over the past century, we've seen behavior like this before.'

The TOPEX/Poseidon satellite's measurements have provided scientists with a detailed view of the 1997-1999 El Nino/La Nina climate pattern by measuring the changing sea-surface height with unprecedented precision.

For more information, please visit the TOPEX/Poseidon project web page at http://topex-www.jpl.nasa.gov/

Shovelnose sturgeon spawning in relation to varying discharge treatments in a Missouri River tributary

USGS Publications Warehouse

Goodman, B.J.; Guy, C.S.; Camp, S.L.; Gardner, W.M.; Kappenman, K.M.; Webb, M.A.H.

2013-01-01

Many lotic fish species use natural patterns of variation in discharge and temperature as spawning cues, and these natural patterns are often altered by river regulation. The effects of spring discharge and water temperature variation on the spawning of shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus have not been well documented. From 2006 through 2009, we had the opportunity to study the effects of experimental discharge levels on shovelnose sturgeon spawning in the lower Marias River, a regulated tributary to the Missouri River in Montana. In 2006, shovelnose sturgeon spawned in the Marias River in conjunction with the ascending, peak (134 m3/s) and descending portions of the spring hydrograph and water temperatures from 16°C to 19°C. In 2008, shovelnose sturgeon spawned in conjunction with the peak (118 m3/s) and descending portions of the spring hydrograph and during a prolonged period of increased discharge (28–39 m3/s), coupled with water temperatures from 11°C to 23°C in the lower Marias River. No evidence of shovelnose sturgeon spawning was documented in the lower Marias River in 2007 or 2009 when discharge remained low (14 and 20 m3/s) despite water temperatures suitable and optimal (12°C-24°C) for shovelnose sturgeon embryo development. A similar relationship between shovelnose sturgeon spawning and discharge was observed in the Teton River. These data suggest that discharge must reach a threshold level (28 m3/s) and should be coupled with water temperatures suitable (12°C-24°C) or optimal (16°C-20°C) for shovelnose sturgeon embryo development to provide a spawning cue for shovelnose sturgeon in the lower Marias River.

A neutronics feasibility study for the LEU conversion of Poland's Maria research reactor.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bretscher, M. M.

1998-10-14

The MARIA reactor is a high-flux multipurpose research reactor which is water-cooled and moderated with both beryllium and water. Standard HEU (80% {sup 235}U)fuel assemblies consist of six concentric fuel tubes of a U-Al alloy clad in aluminum. Although the inventory of HEU (80%) fuel is nearly exhausted, a supply of highly-loaded 36%-enriched fuel assemblies is available at the reactor site. Neutronic equilibrium studies have been made to determine the relative performance of fuels with enrichments of 80%, 36% and 19.7%. These studies indicate that LEU (19.7%) densities of about 2.5 gU/cm{sup 3} and 3.8 gU/cm{sup 3} are required tomore » match the performance of the MARIA reactor with 80%-enriched and with 36%-enriched fuels, respectively.« less

[Natural infection of Lutzomyia cayennensis cayennensis with trypanosomatid parasites (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in Los Montes de Maria, Colombia].

PubMed

Cochero, Suljey; Anaya, Yosed; Díaz, Yirys; Paternina, Margaret; Luna, Arturo; Paternina, Luis; Eduar Elías, Bejarano

2007-01-01

The presence of sand flies naturally infected with trypanosomatid parasites was determined in Los Montes de Maria, Colombia, a region considered endemic for visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. Phlebotomines were collected using CDC light-traps, and sticky traps soaked with castor oil placed in the peri and intradomestic habitats. Six species of Lutzomyia were morphologically identified among the 159 sand flies captured: Lu. evansi, Lu. cayennensis cayennensis, Lu. trinidadensis, Lu. atroclavata, Lu. gomezi and Lu. dubitans. A DNA band of 800 pb corresponding to the small-subunit ribosomal RNA gene (ssrRNA) of the family Trypanosomatidae was amplified in one pool of nine females of Lu. cayennensis cayennensis. This finding constitutes the first evidence of natural infection of this sand fly species with trypanosomatid parasites in Los Montes de Maria.

Latin American Literatures and Cultures: Self and Society. Papers from the National Endowment for the Humanities Summer Institute (La Jolla, California, August 1996).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seabrook, John H., Ed.

1996-01-01

This special issue contains the following articles: (1) "Critiquing the Center: Rigoberta Menchu and Enrique Dussel" (Joseph R. Hoff); (2) "Caroline Maria De Jesus: A Testimonial Voice in the Wilderness" (Eva Bueno); (3) "Latin American Women's Voices: La Malinche to Rigoberta Menchu" (Ana Maria Romo de Mease); (4) "China in Borges''The Garden of…

Maria Mitchell: A New Scholarly Biography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Welther, Barbara L.

2007-12-01

Margaret Moore Booker has researched, written, and just published a proper biography of "America's First Woman Astronomer." To the diaries, notes, and lectures that Maria Mitchell wrote, Booker has added details from other historical sources and pulled together a very stylish, well-written, and illuminating volume. This paper will review some of the well-known details of Mitchell's life and show how Booker's work sheds new light on her subject's persona.

NASA in the Park, 2018

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-06-20

NASA in the Park on June 16 in Huntsville featured more than 60 exhibits and demonstrations by NASA experts, as well as performances by Marshall musicians, educational opportunities, games and hands-on activities for all ages. Astronaut Hoot Gibson and Nina Ricks of the band “Just Like Grady” entertained audiences at NASA in the Park.

TOPEX El Niño/La Niña -La Niña Begins to Fade, April 7, 1999

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-06-21

The cold pool of water in the Pacific known as La Nina is beginning to fade, but ocean conditions have not returned to normal, according to scientists studying images from the U.S.-French TOPEX/Poseidon satellite. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00031

ChemCam Update – Manganese Oxides on Mars

ScienceCinema

Lanza, Nina

2018-01-16

A recent discovery of manganese oxides in Martian rocks might tell us that the Red Planet was once more Earth-like than previously believed. So what exactly does that mean? Nina Lanza, Los Alamos scientist and lead author of the new paper about these findings in Geophysical Research Letters, breaks it down for us.

One World: Service Bees

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomason, Rhonda

2009-01-01

Bees are a vital part of the ecology. People of conscience are a vital part of society. In Nina Frenkel's "One World" poster, the bee is also a metaphor for the role of the individual in a diverse society. This article presents a lesson that uses Frenkel's poster to help early-grades students connect these ideas and explore both the importance of…

78 FR 43857 - Order Relating to Yaming Nina Qi Hanson

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-22

... the procedures that apply to this matter. \\2\\ 50 U.S.C. app. 2401-2420 (2000). Since August 21, 2001... provided her with $75,000 to purchase the autopilots from the Canadian seller. Qi Hanson knew at the time... XiangYu Aviation Technical Group of Xian, China, had given her money to finance the entire purchase. In...

Outspoken Indigenes and Nostalgic Migrants: Maori and Samoan Educating Performances in an Aotoearoa New Zealand Cultural Festival

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gershon, Ilana; Collins, Solonaima

2007-01-01

Background/Context: Theorists of civil society often view civil society as a site for democratic education. Civil society is supposed to assist democratic practice by offering people contexts in which they practice promoting the common good. This article, following Nina Eliasoph's intervention, takes this to be a claim requiring ethnographic…

North Pacific warming and intense northwestern U.S. wildfires

Treesearch

Yongqiang Liu

2006-01-01

The tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies such as La Nina have been an important predictor for wildfires in the southeastern and southwestern U.S. This study seeks seasonal predictors for wildfires in the northwestern U.S., a region with the most intense wildfires among various continental U.S. regions. Singular value decomposition and regression...

78 FR 56236 - Disease, Disability, and Injury Prevention and Control Special Emphasis Panel (SEP): Initial Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-12

... announced below concerns NIOSH Member Conflict Review, PA 07-318, initial review. In accordance with Section..., Management Analysis and Services Office, CDC, pursuant to Public Law 92-463. Matters To Be Discussed: The... to ``NIOSH Member Conflict Review, PA 07-318''. Contact Person for More Information: Nina Turner, Ph...

Actualización de la EPA sobre el Huracán Maria correspondiente al 12 de enero de 2018: La EPA asegura que se desechen correctamente 65,000 contenedores de desechos peligrosos domésticos en Puerto Rico

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Comunicado de prensa de la EPA: Actualización de la EPA sobre el Huracán Maria correspondiente al 12 de enero de 2018: La EPA asegura que se desechen correctamente 65,000 contenedores de desechos peligrosos domésticos en Puerto Rico

Litterfall Production Prior to and during Hurricanes Irma and Maria in Four Puerto Rican Forests

Treesearch

Xianbin Liu; Xiucheng Zeng; Xiaoming Zou; Grizelle González; Chao Wang; Si Yang

2018-01-01

Hurricanes Irma and Maria struck Puerto Rico on the 6th and 20th of September 2017, respectively. These two powerful Cat 5 hurricanes severely defoliated forest canopy and deposited massive amounts of litterfall in the forests across the island. We established a 1-ha research plot in each of four forests (Guánica State Forest, Río Abajo State Forest, Guayama Research...

A survey of the selenochemistry of major, minor and trace elements.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schmitt, R. A.; Laul, J. C.

1973-01-01

Average data for igneous and/or metaigneous rocks and soils from seven lunar sites are presented. There are compositional similarities between Apollo 11 and Luna 16 eastern maria, Ap 12 and 15 western maria, and between Ap 16 and L 20 highlands. Subtle differences do exist between the paired mare sites and the two highland sites and striking differences between the eastern and western maria. Chondritic normalized REE (rare earth element) patterns for igneous rocks and soils from all sites range from 7-350 generally with negative Eu anomalies. Anorthositic gabbroes to anorthosites, presumably highland material, exhibit a positive Eu anomaly. The REE patterns or Sr isotopic ratios suggest two lava flows each for the L 16 and Ap 14 sites, at least four lava flows for the Ap 11 and 12 site and about six for the Ap 15 site.

First record of Ginkgo-related fertile organs (Hamshawvia, Stachyopitys) and leaves (Baiera, Sphenobaiera) in the Triassic of Brazil, Santa Maria formation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barboni, Ronaldo; Dutra, Tânia Lindner

2015-11-01

This paper describes new ginkgophytes recently discovered in a new exposure of the original type section of the Passo das Tropas Member, Santa Maria Formation, linked to Paraná Basin succession. The well-preserved fossils come from a very fine red laminated mudstone representing a lacustrine interval, within a broader low-sinuosity fluvial succession. The material occurs in a Dicroidium-dominated assemblage and is represented by the leaves Baiera and Sphenobaiera, accompanied by the fertile structures Hamshawvia and Stachyopytis. Cuticle fragments preserved on leaf impressions of Sphenobaiera schenkii show xeromorphic features. The geology, paleogeography and paleoclimate of the Passo das Tropas Member (PTM), Santa Maria Formation, is discussed. By comparing these ginkgophytes with those from other Gondwanan assemblages, the Brazilian deposits earlier assigned to Anisian-Ladinian age can now be extended to the Carnian age.

Apollo and the geology of the moon /Twenty-eighth William Smith Lecture/

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schmitt, H. H.

1975-01-01

Lunar geology evidence is examined for clues to the origin and evolution of the moon and earth. Seven evolutionary episodes, the last covering three billion years to the present day, are constructed for the moon. Parallel episodes in the earth's evolution are masked by the dynamic continuing evolution of the earth over a 4.5 billion year span, in contrast to the moon's quiescence and inability to retain fluids. Comparisons are drawn between the geochemistry and tectonics of the lunar basaltic maria and the earth's ocean basins. Lunar maria rocks differ strikingly in chemical composition from meteoritic matter and solar material. Inundation of frontside lunar maria basins by vast oceans of dark basalt mark the last of the major internally generated evolutionary episodes, and is attributed to consequences of meltdown of the lunar mantle and crust by radioisotope decay from below. Data are drawn primarily from Apollo missions 11-17, supplemented by other sources.

Crew Earth Observations (CEO) taken during Expedition Six

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-01-01

ISS006-E-51456 (2003) --- Marias Islands, Mexico is featured in this image photographed by an Expedition Six crewmember on the International Space Station. The view shows the land-sea interactions along a section of Mexico's west coast just south of Mazatlan and the Isla Marias archipelago. The islands are a manifestation of intersecting plate boundaries -- the East Pacific Rise spreading center that traces south from the Gulf of California, and the subduction zone that consumes the Cocos plate beneath southern Mexico. These islands are biologically important: they comprise the Islas Marias Biosphere Reserve and contain endemic species of raccoons and rabbits, and important habitat for birds and marine life. Between the islands and the mainland, swirling surface currents are highlighted by the sun glint reflecting off the ocean surface. Along the Mexican coast, water flows out from a coastal lagoon, and near shore currents carry sediment (light colored water) along the beach front.

[Repercussions of Maria da Penha law on addressing domestic violence in Porto Alegre].

PubMed

Alves, Elisângela da Silva; de Oliveira, Dora Lúcia Leidens Corrêa; Maffacciolli, Rosana

2012-09-01

The current paper sought to analyze the repercussions of Maria da Penha Law on addressing the issue of domestic violence against women in the city of Porto Alegre based on the view of professionals who constitute the care network for those women. Seven professionals, who work with the care for women who are victims of violence, were interviewed. Data suggests that the law has promoted changes in the field of violence prevention, assistance to women and punishment for the perpetrators, and it also increased the attention given to this phenomenon and enhanced female empowerment. It is concluded that the strengthening of the measures recommended by Maria da Penha Law still depends on investments in professional qualification, articulated actions between the places which provide assistance and the growing use of primary care services in order to improve the health of women and families exposed to violence.

Recent upgrades and new scientific infrastructure of MARIA research reactor, Otwock-Swierk, Poland

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

The MARIA reactor is open-pool type, water and beryllium moderated. It has two independent primary cooling systems: fuel and pool cooling system. Each fuel assembly is cooled down separately in pressurized channels with individual performances characterization. The fuel assemblies consist of five layers of bent plates or six concentric tubes. Currently it is one of the most powerful research reactors in Europe with operation availability at least up to 2030. Its nominal thermal power is 30 MW. It is characterized by high neutron flux density: up to 3x10{sup 14} n cm{sup -2} s{sup -1} in case of thermal neutrons, andmore » up to 2x10{sup 13} n cm{sup -2} s{sup -1} in case of fast neutrons. The reactor is operated for ca. 4000 h per year. The reactor facility is equipped with fully equipped three hot cells with shielding up to 10{sup 15} Bq. Adjacent to the reactor facility, the radio-pharmaceutics plant (POLATOM) and Material Research Laboratory are located. They are equipped with a number of hot cells with instrumentation. The transport system of radioactive materials from reactor facility to Material Research Laboratory is available. During 2014 the MARIA reactor has been operated with three different types of fuel the same time: previous 36% enriched fuel, and two types of new LEU fuels. In the meantime, molybdenum irradiation programme has been developed. Maria is a multifunctional research tool, with a notable application in production of radioisotopes, radio-pharmaceutics manufacturing (ca. 600 TBq/y), {sup 99}Mo for medical scintigraphy (ca. 6000 TBq/y), neutron transmutation doping of silicon single crystals, wide scientific research based on neutron beams utilization. From the beginning MARIA reactor was intended for loop and fuel testing research activities. Currently it is used mostly as material testing and irradiation facility and for that reason it has wide experimental capabilities. There are eight horizontal irradiation channels from among whom six of them are equipped with instrumentation for condensed matter physics research: - H3 - spectrometer and diffractometer with double monochromator; - H4 - small angle scattering spectrometer; - H5 - polarized neutrons spectrometer; - H6, H7 - two 3-axial crystal neutron spectrometers; - H8 - neutron radiography stand. For two horizontal channels are ongoing exploitation programs: - H2 - station with epithermal neutron beam produced in uranium converter is being developed. Intelligent converter will be installed on the periphery of reactor core. The intensity of the beam will be at the level 2x10{sup 9} n cm{sup -2}s{sup -1} what makes the beam unique in the Europe. - H1 - special pneumatic horizontal mail is being developed for irradiation material samples in the vicinity of the core i.e. in the distal part of the H1 channel. The number of neutron irradiation facilities in MARIA reactor is increasing every year. Numerous of thermal neutron irradiation channels including fast hydraulic rabbit system and large size channels for fast neutron irradiation are used routinely. Recently new in-pile facility with ITER-like neutron energy spectrum for 14 MeV neutron irradiation has been constructed. Taking into account its performance and ability of almost incessant operation the facility appears as one of the most powerful 14 MeV neutron sources. The facility shall be used for material research connected with thermonuclear devices (ITER) and 4. generation nuclear reactors. The system of independent fuels channels used in MARIA reactor appear to be very flexible and very convenient to be used as irradiation channels for uranium targets for {sup 99}Mo production. Currently, MARIA reactor supplies ca. 18% world production of {sup 99}Mo. The MARIA reactor research activities are still extended. The current scientific projects are connected e.g. with silicon neutron transmutation doping, in-pile gamma heating measurements, French calculation codes implementation (TRIPOLI4, APOLLO2). The horizontal neutron beams utilization is also developed. The MARIA reactor, due to its primary application connected with loop and fuel testing, is very convenient for testing the nuclear instrumentation, control and measurement systems.« less

Magnetic resonance enterography changes after antibody to tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) alpha therapy in Crohn's disease: correlation with SES-CD and clinical-biological markers.

PubMed

Stoppino, Luca Pio; Della Valle, Nicola; Rizzi, Stefania; Cleopazzo, Elsa; Centola, Annarita; Iamele, Donatello; Bristogiannis, Christos; Stoppino, Giuseppe; Vinci, Roberta; Macarini, Luca

2016-05-05

In recent years, the use of MRI in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) has increased. However, few data are available on how MRI parameters of active disease change during treatment with anti-TNF and whether these changes correspond to symptoms, serum biomarkers, or endoscopic appearance. The aim of this study was to determine the changes over time in MRI parameters during treatment with anti-TNF in patients with CD, and to verify the correlation between MRI score, endoscopic appearance and clinical-biological markers. We performed a prospective single centre study of 27 patients with active CD (18 males and 9 females; median age of 27,4 ys; age range, 19-49). All patients underwent ileocolonoscopy and MRI at baseline and 26 weeks after anti-TNF therapy. Endoscopic severity was graded according to the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease (SES-CD) and Magnetic Resonance Index of Activity (MaRIA) was calculated. Patients underwent clinical evaluation (CDAI) and the C-reactive protein (CRP) level was measured. The associations between variables were assessed with Pearson's bivariate correlation analysis. A total of 135 intestinal segments were studied. The median patient age was 27,4 years, 67 % were male and the mean disease duration was 6,1 years. For induction of remission, 18 patients were treated with infliximab and 9 with adalimumab. The mean SES-CD and MaRIA scores significantly changed at week 26 (SES-CD: 14,7 ± 8,9 at baseline vs. 4,4 ± 4,6 at 26 weeks - p < 0.001; MaRIA: 41,1 ± 14,8 at baseline vs. 32,8 ± 11,7 at 26 weeks - p < 0.001). Also the CDAI and serum levels of CRP decreased significantly following treatment (p < 0.001). The overall MaRIA correlated with endoscopic score and with clinical activity (CDAI) both at baseline and at week 26 (p < 0.05). The correlation between overall MaRIA and CRP was significant only at week 26 (p < 0.001). The MaRIA has a good correlation with SES-CD, a high accuracy for prediction of endoscopic mucosal healing and is a reliable indicator to monitor the use of TNF antagonists in patients with CD.

Seriously Popular: Rethinking 19th-Century American Literature through the Teaching of Popular Fiction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gatti, Lauren

2011-01-01

Curious about the connections between the author's students' reading tastes and those of 19th-century readers, the author read Nina Baym's excellent text "Novels, Readers, and Reviewers: Responses to Fiction in Antebellum America" to gain a sense of how readers in the 1800s might have thought about the texts that they read. Nineteenth-century…

El Apoyo a las Ninas en la Temprana Adolescencia (Supporting Girls in Early Adolescence). ERIC Digest.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rothenberg, Dianne

Results of national studies suggest that for girls, the middle grades can be a time of significant decline in self-esteem and academic achievement. Reasons for this decline are not clearly indicated by research, but it is likely that multiple factors are involved. One factor is the preferential treatment boys receive in the classroom.…

Nonreciprocal optical properties based on magneto-optical materials: n-InAs, GaAs and HgCdTe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Han; Wu, Hao; Zhou, Jian-qiu

2018-02-01

Compared with reciprocal optical materials, nonreciprocal materials can break the time reversal and detailed balance due to special nonreciprocal effect, while how its characteristics performing on infrared wavelength have not been paid enough attention. In this paper, the optical properties of three magneto-optical materials was investigated in infrared band, that are n-InAs, GaAs, HgCdTe, based on Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method. The equations of dielectric constant tensor are present and the effect of magnetic field intensity and frequency has been studied in detail. Additionally, the effect of incidence angle at positive and negative directions to the nonreciprocal absorptivity is also investigated. It is found that the nonreciprocal effect is obvious in infrared wavelength, and the nonreciprocal effect could adjust the absorption characteristic, thus be able to tune the absorption for the specific frequency of incident light. In addition to modeling the directional radiative properties at various angles of incidence, the absorption peaks of three materials under different incident angles are also calculated to understand the light absorption and to facilitate the optimal design of high-performance photovoltaic and optical instrument.

Impact of the 1997-1998 El-Nino of Regional Hydrology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lakshmi, Venkataraman; Susskind, Joel

1998-01-01

The 1997-1998 El-Nino brought with it a range of severe local-regional hydrological phenomena. Record high temperatures and extremely dry soil conditions in Texas is an example of this regional effect. The El-Nino and La-Nina change the continental weather patterns considerably. However, connections between continental weather anomalies and regional or local anomalies have not been established to a high degree of confidence. There are several unique features of the recent El-Nino and La-Nina. Due to the recognition of the present El-Nino well in advance, there have been several coupled model studies on global and regional scales. Secondly, there is a near real-time monitoring of the situation using data from satellite sensors, namely, SeaWIFS, TOVS, AVHRR and GOES. Both observations and modeling characterize the large scale features of this El-Nino fairly well. However the connection to the local and regional hydrological phenomenon still needs to be made. This paper will use satellite observations and analysis data to establish a relation between local hydrology and large scale weather patterns. This will be the first step in using satellite data to perform regional hydrological simulations of surface temperature and soil moisture.

Interannual Variability of the Bimodal Distribution of Summertime Rainfall Over Central America and Tropical Storm Activity in the Far-Eastern Pacific

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Curtis, Scott; Starr, David OC. (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

The summer climate of southern Mexico and Central America is characterized by a mid summer drought (MSD), where rainfall is reduced by 40% in July as compared to June and September. A mid-summer reduction in the climatological number of eastern Pacific tropical cyclones has also been noted. Little is understood about the climatology and interannual variability of these minima. The present study uses a novel approach to quantify the bimodal distribution of summertime rainfall for the globe and finds that this feature of the annual cycle is most extreme over Pan America and adjacent oceans. One dominant interannual signal in this region occurs the summer before a strong winter El Nino/Southern Oscillation ENSO. Before El Nino events the region is dry, the MSD is strong and centered over the ocean, and the mid-summer minimum in tropical cyclone frequency is most pronounced. This is significantly different from Neutral cases (non-El Nino and non-La Nina) when the MSD is weak and positioned over the land bridge. The MSD is highly variable for La Nina years, and there is not an obvious mid-summer minimum in the number of tropical cyclones.

Circulation and rainfall climatology of a 10-year (1979 - 1988) integration with the Goddard Laboratory for atmospheres general circulation model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kim, J.-H.; Sud, Y. C.

1993-01-01

A 10-year (1979-1988) integration of Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheres (GLA) general circulation model (GCM) under Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) is analyzed and compared with observation. The first momentum fields of circulation variables and also hydrological variables including precipitation, evaporation, and soil moisture are presented. Our goals are (1) to produce a benchmark documentation of the GLA GCM for future model improvements; (2) to examine systematic errors between the simulated and the observed circulation, precipitation, and hydrologic cycle; (3) to examine the interannual variability of the simulated atmosphere and compare it with observation; and (4) to examine the ability of the model to capture the major climate anomalies in response to events such as El Nino and La Nina. The 10-year mean seasonal and annual simulated circulation is quite reasonable compared to the analyzed circulation, except the polar regions and area of high orography. Precipitation over tropics are quite well simulated, and the signal of El Nino/La Nina episodes can be easily identified. The time series of evaporation and soil moisture in the 12 biomes of the biosphere also show reasonable patterns compared to the estimated evaporation and soil moisture.

[Historical heritage and medical progress: the destiny of the scientific collections in the 'modern' Hospital of Santa Maria Nuova in Florence].

PubMed

Diana, Esther

2008-01-01

The scientific collections of Florentine Santa Maria Nuova Hospital stimulated new interest in the second half of eigthteenth century. Indeed, the modernization process of the Hospital lead to a steadily increasing alienation of its rich historical heritage, including the scientific collections. Archive documents witness the sale or the museum valorization of a number of collections including mathematical instruments and the anatomical, surgical and wax-obstetrical ones.

Neoplasms of the Stomach, Liver & Pancreas: Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment among High-Risk Populations | Division of Cancer Prevention

Cancer.gov

Agenda - Day 1, September 18, 2015 08:00 am - Registration 08:30 am - Welcome remarks and overview of the Conference Dr. Leslie Ford (NCI) – 5 min Dr. Edgar Colon (RCM and UPRCCC) - 5 min Luz Maria Rodriguez – Conference objectives & structure  Global Cancer Burden: An Overview and State of the Problem Moderators: Dr. Luz Maria Rodriguez and Dr. Victor Jose Carlo (PR

Emergence and evolution of Santa Maria Island (Azores)—The conundrum of uplifted islands revisited

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ramalho, Ricardo; Helffrich, George; Madeira, Jose; Cosca, Michael A.; Thomas, Christine; Quartau, Rui; Hipolito, Ana; Rovere, Alessio; Hearty, Paul; Avila, Sergio

2017-01-01

The growth and decay of ocean-island volcanoes are intrinsically linked to vertical movements. While the causes for subsidence are better understood, uplift mechanisms remain enigmatic. Santa Maria Island in the Azores Archipelago is an ocean-island volcano resting on top of young lithosphere, barely 480 km away from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Like most other Azorean islands, Santa Maria should be experiencing subsidence. Yet, several features indicate an uplift trend instead. In this paper, we reconstruct the evolutionary history of Santa Maria with respect to the timing and magnitude of its vertical movements, using detailed field work and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology. Our investigations revealed a complex evolutionary history spanning ∼6 m.y., with subsidence up to ca. 3.5 Ma followed by uplift extending to the present day. The fact that an island located in young lithosphere experienced a pronounced uplift trend is remarkable and raises important questions concerning possible uplift mechanisms. Localized uplift in response to the tectonic regime affecting the southeastern tip of the Azores Plateau is unlikely, since the area is under transtension. Our analysis shows that the only viable mechanism able to explain the uplift is crustal thickening by basal intrusions, suggesting that intrusive processes play a significant role even on islands standing on young lithosphere, such as in the Azores.

A new third-order sequence stratigraphic framework applied to the Triassic of the Paraná Basin, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, based on structural, stratigraphic and paleontological data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Horn, B. L. D.; Melo, T. M.; Schultz, C. L.; Philipp, R. P.; Kloss, H. P.; Goldberg, K.

2014-11-01

The Santacruzodon assemblage zone was originally defined as a vertebrate fossil assemblage composed basically of non-mammalian cynodonts found in Santa Cruz do Sul and Venâncio Aires municipalities in Southern Brazil. This assemblage zone was positioned at the top of the Sequence I, in the Triassic Santa Maria Supersequence, Paraná Basin. However, the Santacruzodon assemblage zone does not occur across the entire area of the Santa Maria Supersequence. Based on new paleontological, structural and sedimentological data, we propose the existence of a new third-order sequence (Santa Cruz Sequence) between Sequences I and II in the Santa Maria Supersequence. Satellite image analysis was used to identify regional, NW- and NE-oriented lineaments that limit the occurrence zone. Outcrop data allowed the identification of a regional, angular unconformity that bounds the new sequence. The faunal content allowed the correlation of the new Santa Cruz Sequence with Madagascar's Isalo II fauna, corresponding to the Ladinian (Middle Triassic). New names were suggested for the sequences in the Santa Maria Supersequence, since the Santa Cruz Sequence was deposited between the former Sequences I and II. This unit was deposited or preserved exclusively on the hanging wall of normal faults, being absent from the adjacent structural blocks.

Short-term impacts of Hurricanes Irma and Maria on tropical stream chemistry as measured by in-situ sensors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McDowell, W. H.; Potter, J.; López-Lloreda, C.

2017-12-01

High intensity hurricanes have been shown to alter topical forest productivity and stream chemistry for years to decades in the montane rain forest of Puerto Rico, but much less is known about the immediate ecosystem response to these extreme events. Here we report the short-term impacts of Hurricanes Irma and Maria on the chemistry of Quebrada Sonadora immediately before and after the storms. We place the results from our 15-minute sensor record in the context of long-term weekly sampling that spans 34 years and includes two earlier major hurricanes (Hugo and Geoges). As expected, turbidity during Maria was the highest in our sensor record (> 1000 NTU). Contrary to our expectations, we found that solute-flow behavior changed with the advent of the storms. Specific conductance showed a dilution response to flow before the storms, but then changed to an enrichment response during and after Maria. This switch in system behavior is likely due to the deposition of marine aerosols during the hurricane. Nitrate concentrations showed very little response to discharge prior to the recent hurricanes, but large increase in concentration occurred at high flow both during and after the hurricanes. Baseflow nitrate concentrations decreased immediately after Irma to below the long-term background concentrations, which we attribute to the immobilization of N on organic debris choking the stream channel. Within three weeks of Hurricane Maria, baseflow nitrate concentrations began to rise. This is likely due to mineralization of N from decomposing canopy vegetation on the forest floor, and reduced N uptake by hurricane-damaged vegetation. The high frequency sensors are providing new insights into the response of this ecosystem in the days and weeks following two major disturbance events. The flipping of nitrate response to storms, from source limited to transport limited, suggests that these two severe hurricanes have fundamentally altered the nitrogen cycle at the site in ways that would not be evident without sensors.

Texture descriptions of lunar surface derived from LOLA data: Kilometer-scale roughness and entropy maps

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Bo; Ling, Zongcheng; Zhang, Jiang; Chen, Jian; Wu, Zhongchen; Ni, Yuheng; Zhao, Haowei

2015-11-01

The lunar global texture maps of roughness and entropy are derived at kilometer scales from Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) data obtained by Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) aboard on Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) spacecraft. We use statistical moments of a gray-level histogram of elevations in a neighborhood to compute the roughness and entropy value. Our texture descriptors measurements are shown in global maps at multi-sized square neighborhoods, whose length of side is 3, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 pixels, respectively. We found that large-scale topographical changes can only be displayed in maps with longer side of neighborhood, but the small scale global texture maps are more disorderly and unsystematic because of more complicated textures' details. Then, the frequency curves of texture maps are made out, whose shapes and distributions are changing as the spatial scales increases. Entropy frequency curve with minimum 3-pixel scale has large fluctuations and six peaks. According to this entropy curve we can classify lunar surface into maria, highlands, different parts of craters preliminarily. The most obvious textures in the middle-scale roughness and entropy maps are the two typical morphological units, smooth maria and rough highlands. For the impact crater, its roughness and entropy value are characterized by a multiple-ring structure obviously, and its different parts have different texture results. In the last, we made a 2D scatter plot between the two texture results of typical lunar maria and highlands. There are two clusters with largest dot density which are corresponded to the lunar highlands and maria separately. In the lunar mare regions (cluster A), there is a high correlation between roughness and entropy, but in the highlands (Cluster B), the entropy shows little change. This could be subjected to different geological processes of maria and highlands forming different landforms.

The European-American exchange.

PubMed

Guerra, F

1993-01-01

The European-American exchange of infectious diseases was responsible for the demographic havoc of the native population in the New World after 1492. Prior to this date medical writers describe the presence in Spain of viral diseases like influenza, parotitis, smallpox, measles, poliomyelitis, and rabies; there were also rickettsiasis, diphtheria, salmonellosis, plague, tubercolosis, leprosy, malaria, scabies and tinea. In America, before European arrivals, there were no records of human viral diseases, though there were records of rickettsiasis, treponematosis--pinta, yaws and syphilis--leihsmaniasis, amibiasis and perhaps leprosy. With the discovery of America in 1492, Columbus's sailors were contaminated by yaws and spread this disease into Europe. In 1493 influenza, as a zoonosis, was introduced into Santo Domingo and was responsible for the annihilation of the natives of the Antilles in less than a quarter of a century; in 1518 smallpox was also introduced in Santo Domingo and then to the American continent by negro slaves: by the same means measles were introduced in 1531. The previous existence or introduction of other infectious diseases in America is also discussed.

Genetic diversity in Treponema pallidum: implications for pathogenesis, evolution and molecular diagnostics of syphilis and yaws

PubMed Central

Šmajs, David; Norris, Steven J.; Weinstock, George M.

2013-01-01

Pathogenic uncultivable treponemes, similar to syphilis-causing Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum, include T. pallidum ssp. pertenue, T. pallidum ssp. endemicum and Treponema carateum, which cause yaws, bejel and pinta, respectively. Genetic analyses of these pathogens revealed striking similarity among these bacteria and also a high degree of similarity to the rabbit pathogen, T. paraluiscuniculi, a treponeme not infectious to humans. Genome comparisons between pallidum and non-pallidum treponemes revealed genes with potential involvement in human infectivity, whereas comparisons between pallidum and pertenue treponemes identified genes possibly involved in the high invasivity of syphilis treponemes. Genetic variability within syphilis strains is considered as the basis of syphilis molecular epidemiology with potential to detect more virulent strains, whereas genetic variability within a single strain is related to its ability to elude the immune system of the host. Genome analyses also shed light on treponemal evolution and on chromosomal targets for molecular diagnostics of treponemal infections. PMID:22198325

Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2005

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-06-21

Lambert Lincoln (D-AR), Hillary Rodham Clinton (D-NY), Debbie Stabenow (D- MI), Maria Cantwell (D-WA), and Elizabeth Dole (R-NC), all Members of the... Debbie Stabenow, and Maria Cantwell are the other women who have served in both houses. Senator Mikulski was a Member of the House from 1977-1987...Affairs 82nd, 1st Sess. H. Public Works 82nd, 2nd Sess.-83rd H. Banking and Currency 84th CRS-15 BURDICK, JOCELYN BIRCH . Democrat; North Dakota, Senator

Tres Marias Reservoir, Minas Gerais State: Study of the dispersion of suspended sediments in surface waters using orbital images

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dejesusparada, N. (Principal Investigator); Sausen, T. M.

1980-01-01

Computer compatible tapes from LANDSAT were used to compartmentalize the Ires Marias reservoir according to respective grey level spectral response. Interactive and automatic, supervised classification, was executed from the IMAGE-100 system. From the simple correlation analysis and graphic representation, it is shown that grey tone levels are inversely proportional to Secchi Depth values. It is further shown that the most favorable period to conduct an analysis of this type is during the rainy season.

Finding relief in the aftermath of Hurricane Maria: A patient’s journey from Puerto Rico to the National Institutes of Health | Center for Cancer Research

Cancer.gov

Jesus Garces-Soto and his wife, Lyssette Santiago, never expected to travel from Puerto Rico to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland. On the same day that Hurricane Maria, a storm with 150-mile-per-hour winds, made direct landfall on Puerto Rico in 2017, Garces-Soto needed to seek treatment for an infection related to bladder cancer. Destruction from

Effemeridi del transito meridiano 2017-2020 per la basilica di Santa Maria degli Angeli in Roma

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sigismondi, Costantino

2016-12-01

The meridian transit time is computed using the ephemerides of IMCCE and the position of the image's center on the 1702 meridian line is corrected for the average atmospheric refraction at the site of Santa Maria degli Angeli, SMA, in Rome. The ephemerides for 2017-2020 are public on http://www.icra.it/gerbertus/2016/effem-SMA.pdf The measurement at SMA of DUT1=-0.34s on Dec 2016 is in agreement with IERS bullettin D132.

Study of the Physics of Insulating Films as Related to the Reliability of Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) Devices

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-02-01

Ephrath F.L. Pesavento MDA903-81-C-0100 D.J. DiMaria C. Falcony D.R. Young 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT...Etching (RIE) Apparatus can generate neutral electron traps in SiO 2. The paper by Ephrath, DiMaria and Pesavento discusses the dependence of the...layers. Considerable work remains to be done to correlate the results of these various investigations. A report by Pesavento , Lai and Calise is included

Girly Girls "Can" Play Games/"Las Ninas Pueden Jugar Tambien": Co-Creating a Curriculum of Possibilities with Fifth-Grade Girls

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oliver, Kimberly L.; Hamzeh, Manal; McCaughtry, Nate

2009-01-01

Drawing on feminist, poststructural, and critical theories, the purpose of this research was to understand 5th-grade girls' self-identified barriers to physical activity and work with them to find ways of negotiating those barriers in order to increase their physical activity opportunities. We worked with 11 girls in two elementary schools in…

Which "It" is It? The Acquisition of Referential and Expletive It

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kirby, Susannah; Becker, Misha

2007-01-01

The purpose of this study was to determine the natural order of acquisition of the proform "it," comparing deictic pronoun "it," anaphoric pronoun "it" and expletive "it." Files from four children (Adam, Eve, Nina and Peter) aged 1 ; 6-3 ; 0 in the CHILDES database were coded for occurrences of NP it (here it is) and expletive it (it's raining).…

Effect of the El Nino/southern oscillation on Gulf of Mexico, winter, frontal-wave cyclones: 1960-1989. (Volumes I and II)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Manty, R.E.

Seasonal counts of frontal-wave cyclones forming over the Gulf of Mexico and its coastal plain show more storms in the five El Nino winters and fewer storms in the eight La Nina winters, from 1960 to 1989, significant at the .01 level by a rank sum test. This is corroborated by two results. First, during the same period, the frequency of frontal-overrunning weather conditions in the region, indicative of storms, was higher in El Nino winters and lower in La Nina winters. Second, 100 years of precipitation and temperature records show wetter, cooler El Nino winters and drier, warmer Lamore » Nina winters at gulf-region land stations and climatic divisions. A threefold explanation, based on National Meteorological Center, upper-air data, is offered for the greater frequency of gulf-region cyclogenesis during El Nino winters between 1960 and 1989. (1) The winter, mean, 250-mb jet over the southern US is intensified by 5 to 10 ms[sup [minus]1] and displaced southward between 110[degrees] and 75[degrees]W by an average of 200 to 285 km during the five El Nino winters. This implies stronger and more frequent episodes of jet-associated, upper-level troughing and divergence over the region, reinforcing surface, frontal-wave cyclones. (2) In the five El Nino winters between 1963 and 1989, seasonal average heights and temperatures of the 850-, 700-, 500-, and 200-mb surfaces are lower over the region than they are in non-El Nino winters. This implies more-common presence of cold, low-pressure troughs at upper levels, reinforcing surface cyclones. (3) A 10[degrees] eastward shift, at sea level, of the western edge of the Bermuda high during the eight El Nino winters, changes normally due-easterly trades in the northwestern Caribbean Sea to slightly south of east, allowing greater advection of moisture and heat into the gulf from the tropics, preconditioning the area for development of surface cyclones. Only winter season shows all three conditions and an increase in cyclogenesis.« less

Midwest Agriculture: A comparison of AVHRR NDVI3g data and crop yields in Corn Belt region of the United States from 1982 to 2014

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Glennie, E.; Anyamba, A.; Eastman, R.

2016-12-01

A time series of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) images was compared to National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) corn yield data in the Corn Belt of the United States from 1982 to 2014. The relationship between NDVI and crop yields under El Nino, neutral, and La Nina conditions was used to assess 1) the reliability of using NDVI as an indicator of crop productivity, and 2) the response of the Corn Belt to El Nino/ Southern Oscillation (ENSO) teleconnection effects. First, bi-monthly NDVI data were combined into monthly data using the maximum value compositing technique to reduce cloud contamination and other effects. The most representative seasonal curve of NDVI values over the course of the study period was extracted to define the growing season in the region - May to October. Standardized NDVI anomalies were calculated and averaged to produce a growing season NDVI metrics to represent each Agricultural Statistics Division (ASD) for each year in the study period. The corn yields were detrended in order to remove effects of technological advancements on crop productivity (use of genetically modified seeds, fertilizer, herbicides). Correlation (R) values between the NDVI anomalies and detrended corn yields varied across the Corn Belt, with a maximum of 0.81 and mean of 0.49. While corn is the dominant crop in the region, some inconsistencies between corn yield and NDVI may be accounted for by an increase in soy yield for a given year due to crop rotation practices. The 10 El Nino events and 9 La Nina events that occurred between 1982 and 2014 are not reflected in a consistent manner in NDVI or corn yield data. However, composites of NDVI and crop yields for all El Nino events indicate there is a tendency for higher than normal NDVI and increased corn yields. Conversely, the composite crop yield image for La Nina events shows a slight decrease in productivity.

Selected aspects of lunar mare geology from Apollo orbital photography. [of lunar craters

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Young, R. A.; Brennan, W. J.

1976-01-01

Crater size-frequency distributions were studied (100-500 m) and are shown to provide significant integrated information concerning mare surface ages, subsurface stratigraphy, and surficial geology. Equilibrium cratering is discussed gradually reducing the relative numbers of craters smaller than 300-400 m in diameter as surfaces age and regolith thickens. Results for surface ages are in good agreement with other published crater ages. The existing correlations of large ring structures among various circular mare basins are shown to be based on criteria that are inconsistent and nonstandardized. A means of comparing equivalent ring structures in the different maria is proposed which takes into account the important characteristics of young unflooded basins (Orientale) as well as the progressive development of tectonic and volcanic features within the older flooded maria. Specific geologic aspects of several of the lunar maria are discussed and especially Mare Smythii, because of its great age and significantly different surface morphology. Lunar photographs and maps are shown.

Scientific disputes that spill over into Research Ethics: interview with Maria Cecília de Souza Minayo.

PubMed

Minayo, Maria Cecília de Souza

2015-09-01

This is an interview with Maria Cecília de Souza Minayo, by university lecturers Iara Coelho Zito Guerriero and Maria Lúcia Magalhães Bosi. It reflects the heat of the current debates surrounding implementation of a specific protocol for evaluation of research in the Human and Social Sciences (HSS), vis-à-vis the current rules set by the National Health Council, which have a clearly biomedical bias. The interview covers the difficulties of introducing appropriate and fair rules for judgment of HSS projects, in the face of a hegemonic understanding of the very concept of science by biologists and medical doctors, who tend not to recognize other approaches unless those approaches adopt their frames of reference. In this case, the National Health Council becomes the arena of this polemic, leading researchers in the human and social sciences to ask themselves whether the health sector has the competency to create rules for other areas of knowledge.

Geology of the undeveloped oil and gas fields of Central Offshore Santa Maria Basin, California

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Milton, J.D.; Edwards, E.B.; Heck, R.G.

1996-01-01

Two prominent subsurface structural features of the Central Offshore Santa Maria Basin are the Hosgri fault system and the associated anticlinal fold trend. Exploratory drilling and 3D seismic mapping have delineated a series of oil and gas fields along this trend which underlie four federal units and one non-unitized lease. The units are named after local geography and are called the Lion Rock, Point Sal, Purisima Point and Santa Maria Units. The individual lease, OCS P-0409, overlies the San Miguel field. The Hosgri fault system trends northwest-southeast and effectively forms the eastern boundary of the oil and gas province. Lyingmore » semi-parallel with the fault are several anticlinal culminations which have trapped large volumes of oil and gas in the fractured Montery Formation. The Monterey is both source and reservoir rock, averaging 300 meters n thickness throughout the Central Basin. Development of the Monterey Formation as a reservoir rock was through diagensis and tectonism with resulting porosities-from 15 to 20% and permeability up to one Darcy. These parameters coupled with a high geothermal gradient facilitate the inflow rates of the viscous Monterey oil. Some 24 exploration and delineation wells have been drilled in this area and tested at rates ranging from a few hundred to several thousand barrels per day. Estimated oil reserves in the Central Offshore Santa Maria Basin total approximately 1 billion barrels.« less

Geology of the undeveloped oil and gas fields of Central Offshore Santa Maria Basin, California

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Milton, J.D.; Edwards, E.B.; Heck, R.G.

1996-12-31

Two prominent subsurface structural features of the Central Offshore Santa Maria Basin are the Hosgri fault system and the associated anticlinal fold trend. Exploratory drilling and 3D seismic mapping have delineated a series of oil and gas fields along this trend which underlie four federal units and one non-unitized lease. The units are named after local geography and are called the Lion Rock, Point Sal, Purisima Point and Santa Maria Units. The individual lease, OCS P-0409, overlies the San Miguel field. The Hosgri fault system trends northwest-southeast and effectively forms the eastern boundary of the oil and gas province. Lyingmore » semi-parallel with the fault are several anticlinal culminations which have trapped large volumes of oil and gas in the fractured Montery Formation. The Monterey is both source and reservoir rock, averaging 300 meters n thickness throughout the Central Basin. Development of the Monterey Formation as a reservoir rock was through diagensis and tectonism with resulting porosities-from 15 to 20% and permeability up to one Darcy. These parameters coupled with a high geothermal gradient facilitate the inflow rates of the viscous Monterey oil. Some 24 exploration and delineation wells have been drilled in this area and tested at rates ranging from a few hundred to several thousand barrels per day. Estimated oil reserves in the Central Offshore Santa Maria Basin total approximately 1 billion barrels.« less

Design, permitting, and construction issues associated with closure of the Panna Maria uranium tailings impoundment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Strachan, C.L.; Raabe, K.L.

1997-12-31

In 1992, Panna Maria Uranium Operations (PMUO) initiated licensing and engineering activities for closure of the Panna Maria mill and 150-acre tailings impoundment located in southeast Texas. Closure of the tailings impoundment is permitted by license amendment through the Texas Natural Resources Conservation Commission (TNRCC), and based on closure criteria outlined in Texas regulations. The closure plan for the Panna Maria tailings impoundment was submitted for Texas regulatory agency review in April 1993, with details of the closure plan modified in 1994, 1995, and 1996. The closure plan included a multi-layered cover over the regraded tailings surface which was designedmore » for long-term isolation of tailings, reduction of radon emanation to regulated levels, and reduction of infiltration to TNRCC-accepted levels. The cover and embankment slope surfaces and surrounding areas were designed to provide acceptable erosional stability as compared to runoff velocities from the Probable Maximum Precipitation event. Cover materials were selected from on-site materials and evaluated for suitability based on permeability, radon attenuation, and soil dispersivity characteristics. Off-site materials were used when necessary. The cover over the tailings has a maximum slope of 0.5 percent, and the regraded embankment slopes outside the perimeter of the impoundment have a maximum slope of 20 percent. All reclaimed slopes are covered with topsoil and revegetated. A riprap-lined channel is to be used to convey runoff from within the perimeter of the reclaimed impoundment to the north of the impoundment.« less

Morphological Phytoplankton Groups and Trophic State of Topolobampo-Santa Maria-Ohuira, Sinaloa, México

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ayala, G.; Martínez-López, A.; Escobedo-Urías, D. C.

2007-05-01

Topolobampo-Santa Maria-Ohuira Lagoon Complex in the Gulf of California presents intense anthropogenic activities, such as agricultural with the drainage of nutrient enriched waters into the system, which affects on its health and integrity have been not evaluated before. Monthly data of physical-chemical variables and phytoplankton from November 2004 to February 2006 were used to define the actual trophic state of the lagoons by means of a trophic index (TRIX), and its imprint on the Morphological Phytoplankton Groups. From the analysis of data distinctive responses were observed for each lagoon. Trophic state and phytoplankton dynamic apparently were determinate by differences in hydrodynamics in each lagoon. Santa Maria lagoon showed higher trophic index values followed by Ohuira and Topolobampo. The phytoplankton community dominated for nannophytoplankton was regulated by nitrogen along the year in the entire lagoon system. However, the relationship between phytoplankton and physical-chemical variables examined by multivariate analysis indicated that in Santa Maria, nutrients from the runoff of fertilizers at the beginning of the fall/winter agriculture cycle influenced the occurrence of diatoms Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs), while in Ohuira higher water residence times have major regulatory effects on a large number of HABs of cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates and a lower Trophic state. A minor grade of affectation in Topolobampo lagoon is suggested by a dominance of the seasonality, a lower water residence times, and non HABs incidence during the period of this study.

CERCA LEU fuel assemblies testing in Maria Reactor - safety analysis summary and testing program scope.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pytel, K.; Mieleszczenko, W.; Lechniak, J.

2010-03-01

The presented paper contains neutronic and thermal-hydraulic (for steady and unsteady states) calculation results prepared to support annex to Safety Analysis Report for MARIA reactor in order to obtain approval for program of testing low-enriched uranium (LEU) lead test fuel assemblies (LTFA) manufactured by CERCA. This includes presentation of the limits and operational constraints to be in effect during the fuel testing investigations. Also, the scope of testing program (which began in August 2009), including additional measurements and monitoring procedures, is described.

Simultaneous Force Regression and Movement Classification of Fingers via Surface EMG within a Unified Bayesian Framework.

PubMed

Baldacchino, Tara; Jacobs, William R; Anderson, Sean R; Worden, Keith; Rowson, Jennifer

2018-01-01

This contribution presents a novel methodology for myolectric-based control using surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals recorded during finger movements. A multivariate Bayesian mixture of experts (MoE) model is introduced which provides a powerful method for modeling force regression at the fingertips, while also performing finger movement classification as a by-product of the modeling algorithm. Bayesian inference of the model allows uncertainties to be naturally incorporated into the model structure. This method is tested using data from the publicly released NinaPro database which consists of sEMG recordings for 6 degree-of-freedom force activations for 40 intact subjects. The results demonstrate that the MoE model achieves similar performance compared to the benchmark set by the authors of NinaPro for finger force regression. Additionally, inherent to the Bayesian framework is the inclusion of uncertainty in the model parameters, naturally providing confidence bounds on the force regression predictions. Furthermore, the integrated clustering step allows a detailed investigation into classification of the finger movements, without incurring any extra computational effort. Subsequently, a systematic approach to assessing the importance of the number of electrodes needed for accurate control is performed via sensitivity analysis techniques. A slight degradation in regression performance is observed for a reduced number of electrodes, while classification performance is unaffected.

The influence of aliovalent impurities on the oxidation kinetics of nickel at high temperatures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mrowec, S.; Grzesik, Z.; Rajchel, B.; Gil, A.; Dabek, J.

2005-01-01

The influence of chromium and sodium on the nickel oxidation kinetics has been studied as a function of temperature (1373-1673 K) and oxygen activity (10-105 Pa O2), using microthermogravimetric techniques. It has been shown that the oxidation of Ni-Cr and Ni-Na alloys, like that of pure nickel, follows strictly the parabolic rate law being thus diffusion controlled. In agreement with the defect model of Ni1-yO, it has been found that the oxidation rate of the Ni-Cr alloy is higher than that of pure nickel, the reaction rate is pressure independent and the activation energy of this process is lower. This implies that the concentration of double ionized cation vacancies in a Ni1-yO-Cr2O3 solid solution is fixed on a constant level by trivalent chromium ions, substitutionally incorporated into the cation sublattice of this oxide. In the case of the Ni-Na alloy, on the other hand, the oxidation rate is lower than that of pure nickel, the activation energy is higher and the oxidation rate increases more rapidly with oxygen pressure. These results can again be explained in terms of the doping effect, by assuming that univalent sodium ions dissolve substitutionally in the cation sublattice of nickel oxide.

[Maria Skłodowska-Curie and Piotr Curie an epoch-makingin year 1898].

PubMed

Wielogórski, Zbigniew

2012-01-01

For many reasons the year 1898 was unusual for Maria Skłodowska-Curie and her husband. After defining the subject of the doctoral thesis and choosing Henri Becqerel as thesis supervisor, Maria started intensive experimental work. In the allotted room called storeroom, in conditions that were far too inadequate, they managed to put up a unique measuring equipment composed of instruments whose originator was Pierre Curie. In the ionization chamber and in the piezoelectric quartz charges formed, whose mutual neutralization was shown by the quadrant electrometer. Ionization current, which was measured quantitatively, was proportional to the radiation of the sample. Studying many elements, their compounds and minerals enabled Maria to state that uranium is not the only element endowed with the power of radiation; the second one turned out to be thorium. Anomaly detected in the radiation of uranium minerals made it possible for Maria to draw an extremely important conclusion: radioactive uranium and thorium are not the only elements endowed with such an attribute. Pitchblende, which was studied by the Curie couple, had to contain also other radioactive substances. Gustave Bémont also participated in the chemical analysis of the uranium ore and it is worth reminding that he was involved in the discovery of polonium and uranium. The phenomenon of radioactivity couldn't have been explained if it was not for the sources of strong radioactivity. Those sources undoubtedly could have been the discovered elements but their scanty content in the uranium ore made their isolation very difficult and laborious. Access to industrial remains after procession of pitchblende from Jachymov (Sankt Joachimstahl), obtained owing to the mediation of Eduard Suess, provided the source of this raw material. From it, in a shack also called le hangar, the Curie couple isolated the first samples of the radium salt. This element, later extracted by discoverers on a grand scale and handed over in a various forms to researchers and institutions, became a foundation of physics and chemistry of radioactive elements.

Puerto Rico Seismic Network Operations During and After the Hurricane Maria: Response, Continuity of Operations, and Experiences

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vanacore, E. A.; Baez-Sanchez, G.; Huerfano, V.; Lopez, A. M.; Lugo, J.

2017-12-01

The Puerto Rico Seismic Network (PRSN) is an integral part of earthquake and tsunami monitoring in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. The PRSN conducts scientific research as part of the University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez, conducts the earthquake monitoring for the region, runs extensive earthquake and tsunami education and outreach programs, and acts as a Tsunami Warning Focal Point Alternate for Puerto Rico. During and in the immediate aftermath of Hurricane Maria, the PRSN duties and responsibilities evolved from a seismic network to a major information and communications center for the western side of Puerto Rico. Hurricane Maria effectively destroyed most communications on island, critically between the eastern side of the island where Puerto Rico's Emergency Management's (PREMA) main office and the National Weather Service (NWS) is based and the western side of the island. Additionally, many local emergency management agencies on the western side of the island lost a satellite based emergency management information system called EMWIN which provides critical tsunami and weather information. PRSN's EMWIN system remained functional and consequently via this system and radio communications PRSN became the only information source for NWS warnings and bulletins, tsunami alerts, and earthquake information for western Puerto Rico. Additionally, given the functional radio and geographic location of the PRSN, the network became a critical communications relay for local emergency management. Here we will present the PRSN response in relation to Hurricane Maria including the activation of the PRSN devolution plan, adoption of duties, experiences and lessons learned for continuity of operations and adoption of responsibilities during future catastrophic events.

Variations and Trends in Global and Regional Precipitation Based on the 22-Year GPCP (Global Precipitation Climatology Project) and Three-Year TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) Data Sets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Adler, Robert F.; Curtis, Scott; Huffman, George; Bolvin, David; Nelkin, Eric; Einaudi, Franco (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

This paper gives an overview of the analysis of global precipitation over the last few decades and the impact of the new TRMM precipitation observations. The 20+ year, monthly, globally complete precipitation analysis of the World Climate Research Program's (WCRP/GEWEX) Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) is used to study global and regional variations and trends and is compared to the much shorter TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) tropical data set. The GPCP data set shows no significant trend in global precipitation over the twenty years, unlike the positive trend in global surface temperatures over the past century. The global trend analysis must be interpreted carefully, however, because the inhomogeneity of the data set makes detecting a small signal very difficult, especially over this relatively short period. The relation of global (and tropical) total precipitation and ENSO events is quantified with no significant signal when land and ocean are combined. Identifying regional trends in precipitation may be more practical. From 1979 to 2000 the tropics have pattern of regional rainfall trends that has an ENSO-like pattern with features of both the El Nino and La Nina. This feature is related to a possible trend in the frequency of ENSO events (either El Nino or La Nina) over the past 20 years. Monthly anomalies of precipitation are related to ENSO variations with clear signals extending into middle and high latitudes of both hemispheres. The El Nino and La Nina mean anomalies are near mirror images of each other and when combined produce an ENSO signal with significant spatial continuity over large distances. A number of the features are shown to extend into high latitudes. Positive anomalies extend in the Southern Hemisphere (S.H.) from the Pacific southeastward across Chile and Argentina into the south Atlantic Ocean. In the Northern Hemisphere (N.H.) the counterpart feature extends across the southern U.S. and Atlantic Ocean into Europe. Further to the west a negative anomaly extends southeastward again from the Maritime Continent across the South Pacific and through the Drake Passage. In the Southern Hemisphere an anomaly feature is shown to spiral into the Antarctica land mass. The extremes of ENSO-related anomalies are also examined and indicate that globally, during both El Nino and La Nina, more extremes of precipitation (both wet and dry) occur than during the "neutral" regime, with the El Nino regime showing larger magnitudes. The distribution is different for the globe as a whole and when the area is restricted to just land. The recent (1998-present) TRMM observations are compared with the similar period of GPCP analyses with very good agreement in terms of pattern and generally good agreement with regard to magnitude. However, there still are differences among the individual TRMM products using passive and active microwave techniques and these need to be resolved before longer-term products such as the GPCP analyses can be validated.

Assessment of MSIV full closure for Santa Maria de Garona Nuclear Power Plant using TRAC-BF1 (G1J1)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Crespo, J.L.; Fernandez, R.A.

1993-06-01

This document presents a spurious Main Steam Isolation Value (MSIV) closure analysis for Santa Maria de Garorta Nuclear Power Plan describing the problems found when comparing calculated and real data. The plant is a General Electric Boiling Water Reactor 3, containment type Mark 1. It is operated by NUCLENOR, S.A. and was connected to the grid in 1971. The analysis has been performed by the Apphed Physics Department from the University of Cantabria and the Analysis and Operation Section from NUCLENOR, S.A. as a part of an agreement for developing an engineering simulator of operational transients and accidents for Santamore » Maria de Gamma Power Plant. The analysis was performed using the frozen version of TRAC-BFI (GlJl) code and is the second of two NUCLENOR contributions to the International Code Applications and Assessment Program (ICAP). The code was run in a Cyber 932 with operating system NOS/VE, property of NUCLENOR, S.A.. A programming effort was carried out in order to provide suitable graphics from the output file.« less

Ignoring taboos: Maria Lenk, Latin American inspirationalist.

PubMed

Votre, S; Mourão, L

2001-01-01

Maria Lenk is widely recognized as an exceptional athlete who participated in women's sport from around 1930 until 1950. In 1932, at the age of seventeen, she was the first woman to be included in a Latin American delegation to the Olympic Games. As a swimmer, she still sets world records at the age of eighty-six. This super-champion's sporting achievements and her persistent dedication to the advancement of sport still impress and surprise todays professional swimmers and researchers. Contextualised in the male-dominated society of Brazil during the first half of the twentieth century, this chapter traces the achievement, and rise to international fame, of Maria Lenk. It examines the factors that enabled her to emerge not only as an important figure in sport but also as an icon of female emancipation in Brazilian and Latin American society. The focus is on Lenk's influence on the issues which affected the development of women's sport in Latin America. It also highlights the significance of Lenk's contribution to the changing place of women in Brazilian and South American society.

The inquisitorial trial of a cross-dressing lesbian: reactions and responses to female homosexuality in 18th-century portugal.

PubMed

Soyer, François

2014-01-01

This article analyzes the inquisitorial trial of Maria Duran, a Catalan novice in the Dominican convent of Nossa Senhora do Paraíso in Portugal. Maria Duran was arrested by the Inquisition in 1741 and, after a lengthy trial, condemned in 1744 to a public lashing and exile. She was suspected of having made a pact with the Devil and was accused by many female witnesses of possessing a "secret penis" that she had allegedly used in her amorous relations with fellow nuns and novices. Her voluminous trial dossier offers a rare and fascinating documentary insight into the often extreme reactions that female homosexuality provoked from both men and women in early modern Portugal. Using the evidence offered by the 18th-century trial of Maria Duran, this article highlights female bewilderment when faced with female-on-female sexual violence and the difficulty that men (in this case, churchmen) had coming to terms with the existence of female homosexuality. It also discusses the case in light of the acts/identity debate among historians of the history of sexuality.

Western hemisphere of the Moon taken by Galileo spacecraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

Galileo spacecraft image of the Moon recorded at 9:35 am Pacific Standard Time (PST), 12-09-90, after completing its first Earth Gravity Assist. Western hemisphere of the Moon was taken through a green filter at a range of about 350,000 miles. In the center is Orientale Basin, 600 miles in diameter, formed about 3.8 billion years ago by the impact of an asteroid-size body. Orientale's dark center is a small mare. To the right is the lunar near side with the great, dark Oceanus Procellarum above the small, circular, dark Mare Humorum below. Maria are broad plains formed mostly over 3 billion years ago as vast basaltic lava flows. To the left is the lunar far side with fewer maria, but, at lower left South-Pole-Aitken basin, about 1200 miles in diameter, which resembles Orientale but is much older and more weathered and battered by cratering. The intervening cratered highlands of both sides, as well as the maria, are dotted with bright young craters. This image was 'reprojected' so as to

The Apollo 15 X-ray fluorescence experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Adler, I.; Trombka, J.; Gerard, J.; Schmadebeck, R.; Lowman, P.; Blodgett, H.; Yin, L.; Eller, E.; Lamothe, R.; Gorenstein, P.

1972-01-01

The CSM spectrometric data on the lunar surface with respect to its chemical composition are presented for Al, Mg, and Si as Al/Si and Mg/Si ratios for the various features overflow by the spacecraft. The lunar surface measurements involved observations of the intensity and characteristic energy distribution of the secondary or fluorescent X-rays produced by the interaction of solar X-rays with the lunar surface. The results showed that the highlands and maria are chemically different, with the highlands having considerably more Al and less Mg than the maria. The mare-highland contact is quite sharp and puts a limit on the amount of horizontal transport of material. The X-ray data suggest that the dominant rock type of the lunar highlands is a plagioclase-rich pyroxene bearing rock, probably anorthositic gabbro or feldspathic basalt. Thus the moon appears to have a widespread differentiated crust (the highlands) systematically richer in Al and lower in Mg than the maria. This crust is pre-mare and may represent the first major internal differentiation of the moon.

Identification and interpretation of tectonic features from ERTS-A imagery

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Abdel-Gawad, M. (Principal Investigator)

1973-01-01

The author has identified the following significant results. When comparing the ERTS-1 imagery with the United States Air Force Operational Navigation Chart, mapping errors were found in Baja California and in the coastal islands off mainland Mexico. One dramatic error noted was the Isla Tortuga which is located 9 to 9.5 km to the west of its photo location. One ERTS-1 photo shows the size of the four islands, Isla San Juanito, Isla Maria Madre, Isla Maria Magdalena, and Isla Maria Cleofas, to be much smaller than the ONC map depicts them. A prominent zone of structural and physiographic lineaments extending approximately from San Fernando, Los Angeles County towards the Oxnard area in Ventura County in an east-north-east trend were observed. In Ventura County several previously unknown faults within this zone were identified and their traces plotted on large scale maps and 1:60,000 aerial photographs. This important fault zone is significant because it trends parallel to and partly coincides with a recent belt of seismicity related to the San Fernando 1971 earthquake.

[Repercussions of the Maria da Penha law in tackling gender violence].

PubMed

Meneghel, Stela Nazareth; Mueller, Betânia; Collaziol, Marceli Emer; de Quadros, Maíra Meneghel

2013-03-01

This paper presents the declarations about the Maria da Penha law made by a sample of women victims and care workers who handle situations of gender violence in the city of Porto Alegre. The data are part of a study that investigated the critical path followed by women who decide to denounce violence. The statements were selected from 45 semi-structured interviews answered by 21 women and 25 professionals from the police, legal, social and health services and nongovernmental institutions. Data were analyzed using NVivo software and one of the categories selected was the Maria da Penha law. Most respondents mentioned the positive and innovatory aspects of the law, though they also pointed out its limitations. The care workers see the legal device as an important tool for tackling violence, aligned with international conventions, bringing innovations and broadening women's access to justice. In terms of weaknesses, both women and care workers stress the inefficiency in the implementation of protective measures, the lack of material resources and manpower, the fragmentation of the health care network and the movement of conservative sectors in society to delegitimize the law.

Coast Guard Maritime Security in the Underwater Domain

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-01

appreciate the endless love and support of my wife, Amanda, and our children , Nina and Benton. It is only through their tremendous patience and...Ponchartrain (Truver, 2012) In this case, a private tugboat found the IED on the surface 2 in a plastic bag. Fortunately, there were no injuries , but...later in this chapter under heading C. Analysis of Alternatives later in this chapter. 2. Baseline Capabilities The Coast Guard currently fields 12

Coast Guard Maritime Security in the Underwater Domain

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-02-06

appreciate the endless love and support of my wife, Amanda, and our children , Nina and Benton. It is only through their tremendous patience and understanding...Truver, 2012) In this case, a private tugboat found the IED on the surface 1 in a plastic bag. Fortunately, there were no injuries , but the case...ALMDS), (Truver, 2012). These systems are reviewed later in this chapter under heading C. Analysis of Alternatives later in this chapter. 2. Baseline

Staff - Nina T. Harun | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys

Science.gov Websites

mapping of the Upper Jurassic Naknek Formation in a footwall syncline associated with the Bruin Bay fault Ivishak Formation in the northeastern Brooks Range, Alaska: University of Alaska Fairbanks, M.S. thesis Triassic Ivishak Formation in the Sadlerochit Mountains, northeastern Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological

Molecular Approach to Hypothalamic Rhythms

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-03-14

in vitro to Targeted Cloning Strategy for reset or phase shift circadian rhythms of neuronal G Protein-Coupled Receptors activity in the SCN (Prosser...Kozak, M. (1984). Compilation and analysis of sequences up- nabe, S. (1992). Phase - resetting effect of 8-OH-DPAT, a seroto- Neuron 458 ninA receptor...JR, Lohse MJ, Kobilka BK. Caron MJ and Medanic M and Gillette MU (1992) Serotonin regulates the Lefkowitz. RJ (1988) The genomic clone G-21 which phase

First report of Calyptospora sp. (Apicomplexa, Calyptosporidae) in forage characid fish from the Três Marias Reservoir, São Francisco Basin, Brazil.

PubMed

de Albuquerque, Marcia Cavalcanti; de Carvalho Brasil-Sato, Marilia

2010-05-01

Coccidians are parasitic protozoans, and Calyptospora is an important genus of coccidia found in freshwater and marine fish of the Americas. This paper describes Calyptospora sp. that were found parasitizing the liver and intestine of Triportheus guentheri and the intestine of Tetragonopterus chalceus, two forage fish species from the Três Marias Reservoir, Upper São Francisco River, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Apicomplexa found in the São Francisco Basin are reported here for the first time. Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

[Violence and social distress among transgender persons in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil].

PubMed

Souza, Martha Helena Teixeira de; Malvasi, Paulo; Signorelli, Marcos Claudio; Pereira, Pedro Paulo Gomes

2015-04-01

The authors conducted an ethnographic research with transgender persons in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, in 2012, using participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and following their everyday lives. These individuals invariably experienced physical and symbolic violence and the resulting distress, a condition they had to deal with in their careers and daily practices and tasks. The article discusses the violence experienced by transvestites (in the family, school, police precincts, and health services), specifically seeking to understand how such violence relates to their experiences with health services and how the latter respond.

Maria Montessori (1870-1952): Women's emancipation, pedagogy and extra verbal communication.

PubMed

Cascella, Marco

2015-05-01

Maria Montessori is one of the most well-known women in Italian history. Although she was the first woman who graduated in medicine in Italy, she is mostly known as an educator. Her teaching method--the Montessori Method- is still used worldwide--Because she could not speak English during the imprisonment in India, there was a big obstacle for her communication with children. However, the need to adopt a non-verbal communication, led her to a sensational discovery: children use an innate and universal language. This language, made of gestures and mimic, is called extra verbal communication.

Isotopic Transmutations in Irradiated Beryllium and Their Implications on MARIA Reactor Operation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Andrzejewski, Krzysztof J.; Kulikowska, Teresa A

2004-04-15

Beryllium irradiated by neutrons with energies above 0.7 MeV undergoes (n,{alpha}) and (n,2n) reactions. The Be(n,{alpha}) reaction results in subsequent buildup of {sup 6}Li and {sup 3}He isotopes with large thermal neutron absorption cross sections causing poisoning of irradiated beryllium. The amount of the poison isotopes depends on the neutron flux level and spectrum. The high-flux MARIA reactor operated in Poland since 1975 consists of a beryllium matrix with fuel channels in cutouts of beryllium blocks. As the experimental determination of {sup 6}Li, {sup 3}H, and {sup 3}He content in the operational reactor is impossible, a systematic computational study ofmore » the effect of {sup 3}He and {sup 6}Li presence in beryllium blocks on MARIA reactor reactivity and power density distribution has been undertaken. The analysis of equations governing the transmutation has been done for neutron flux parameters typical for MARIA beryllium blocks. Study of the mutual influence of reactor operational parameters and the buildup of {sup 6}Li, {sup 3}H, and {sup 3}He in beryllium blocks has shown the necessity of a detailed spatial solution of transmutation equations in the reactor, taking into account the whole history of its operation. Therefore, fuel management calculations using the REBUS code with included chains for Be(n,{alpha})-initiated reactions have been done for the whole reactor lifetime. The calculated poisoning of beryllium blocks has been verified against the critical experiment of 1993. Finally, the current {sup 6}Li, {sup 3}H, and {sup 3}He contents, averaged for each beryllium block, have been calculated. The reactivity drop caused by this poisoning is {approx}7%.« less

Jurassic through Oligocene paleogeography of the Santa Maria basin area, California

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fritsche, A.E.; Yamashiro, D.A.

1991-02-01

Compilation from published reports indicates that the paleogeographic history of the Santa Maria basin area of California (west of the Sur-Nacimiento fault and north of the Santa Ynez Fault) began in the Early Jurassic in an area for to the south with the creation of a spreading-center ophiolite sequence. As the ophiolite rocks moved relatively away from the spreading center, they were covered by Lower Jurassic through Lower Cretaceous basin plain and prograding outer continental margin deposits. During this time, right-lateral movement along faults that were located to the east was transporting the area relatively northward toward its present location.more » A mild tectonic event in the middle of the Cretaceous caused formation of a parallel unconformity. Renewed subsidence in the Late Cretaceous brought deposition in trench, slope, sandy submarine fan, shelf, and ultimately in the eastern part of the area, delta and fluvial environments. During the ensuing Laramide orogeny, significant deformation raised the entire area above sea level and erosion created a major angular unconformity. During the early Tertiary, most of the Santa Maria basin area remained elevated as a forearc highland. The present-day east-west-trending area south of the Santa Ynez River fault was at the time oriented north-south. During the Eocene, this portion of the area was submerged and became a forearc basin that was located to the east of the forearc ridge that served as a source of sediment. The basin filled through the Eocene and Oligocene with submarine fan, sloe, shelf, coastal, and finally fluvial deposits. In the medial Miocene, these forearc basin rocks were rotated clockwise into their present position along the southern margin of the basin and the upper Tertiary Santa maria basin was formed.« less

Zooplankton responses to increasing sea surface temperatures in the southeastern Australia global marine hotspot

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kelly, Paige; Clementson, Lesley; Davies, Claire; Corney, Stuart; Swadling, Kerrie

2016-10-01

Southeastern Australia is a 'hotspot' for oceanographic change. Here, rapidly increasing sea surface temperatures, rising at more than double the global trend, are largely associated with a southerly extension of the East Australian Current (EAC) and its eddy field. Maria Island, situated at the southern end of the EAC extension at 42°S, 148°E, has been used as a site to study temperature-driven biological trends in this region of accelerated change. Zooplankton have short life cycles (usually < 1 year) and are highly sensitive to environmental change, making them an ideal indicator of the biological effects of an increased southward flow of the EAC. Data from in-situ net drops and the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR), collected since 2009, together with historical zooplankton abundance data, have been analysed in this study. Like the North Atlantic, zooplankton communities of southeastern Australia are responding to increased temperatures through relocation, long-term increases in warm-water species and a shift towards a zooplankton community dominated by small copepods. The biological trends present evidence of extended EAC influence at Maria Island into autumn and winter months, which has allowed for the rapid establishment of warm-water species during these seasons, and has increased the similarity between Maria Island and the more northerly Port Hacking zooplankton community. Generalised Linear Models (GLM) suggest the high salinity and low nutrient properties of EAC-water to be the primary drivers of increasing abundances of warm-water species off southeastern Australia. Changes in both the species composition and size distribution of the Maria Island zooplankton community will have effects for pelagic fisheries. This study provides an indication of how zooplankton communities influenced by intensifying Western Boundary currents may respond to rapid environmental change.

Effects of acclimation on poststocking dispersal and physiological condition of age-1 pallid sturgeon

USGS Publications Warehouse

Oldenburg, E.W.; Guy, C.S.; Cureton, E.S.; Webb, M.A.H.; Gardner, W.M.

2011-01-01

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of acclimation to flow and site-specific physicochemical water conditions on poststocking dispersal and physiological condition of age-1 hatchery-reared pallid sturgeon. Fish from three acclimation treatments were radio-tagged, released at two locations (Missouri River and Marias River), and monitored using passive telemetry stations. Marias treatment was acclimated to flow and site-specific physicochemical conditions, Bozeman treatment was acclimated to flow only, and controls had no acclimation (reared under traditional conservation propagation protocol). During both years, fish released in the Missouri River dispersed less than fish released in the Marias River. In 2005, Marias treatment dispersed less and nearly twice as many fish remained in the Missouri River reach as compared to control fish. In 2006, pallid sturgeon dispersed similarly among treatments and the number of fish remaining in the Missouri River reach was similar among all treatments. Differences in poststocking dispersal between years were related to fin curl which was present in all fish in 2005 and only 26% in 2006. Pallid sturgeon from all treatments in both years had a greater affinity for the lower reaches of the Missouri River than the upper reaches. Thus, release site influenced poststocking dispersal more than acclimation treatment. No difference was observed in relative growth rate among treatments. However, acclimation to flow (i.e., exercise conditioning) prevented fat accumulation from rupturing hepatocytes. Acclimation conditions used in this study did not benefit pallid sturgeon unless physiological maladies were present. Overriding all treatment effects was stocking location; thus, natural resource agencies need to consider stocking location carefully to reduce poststocking dispersal. ?? 2011 Blackwell Verlag, Berlin.

Investigation of lunar maria structure from cross-analysis of GRAIL gravity and Kaguya radar data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zuber, M. T.; Ermakov, A.; Smith, D. E.; Mastroguiseppe, M.; Raguso, M.

2016-12-01

The Lunar Radar Sounder (LRS) on JAXA's Kaguya spacecraft investigated the subsurface structure of the Moon to a depth of a few km. GRAIL gravity models are potentially sensitive to subsurface structure at such depths. GRAIL gravity and LRS radar data are complementary since both are sensitive to density/compositional heterogeneities. Cross-correlation of GRAIL and LRS data has the potential to produce new constraints on the structure and evolution of the lunar maria. Originally, subsurface reflections within the lunar maria were detected with Lunar Sounder Experiment aboard Apollo 17. Subsurface layering was attributed to multiple episodes of volcanism. Later, Kaguya's LRS produced similar measurements but with global-scale coverage. Laboratory measurements show that density variations among mare basalts can be up to 200 kg m-3 or 7%. The LRS measurements have detected subsurface reflection in the upper 1 km of the crust. Combining these two estimates and using the Bouguer slab approximation, we estimate that anomalies of order 1-10 mGal are expected due to potentially varying density of surface and/or subsurface horizons. This accuracy is achievable with the latest GRAIL gravity models. The LRS surface backscattering power is indicative of surface and near sub-surface dielectric properties, which are sensitive to target density and roughness. We investigate the northwestern part of the Procellarum basin because it is the region with the strongest signal-to-noise ratios in gravity models within maria. To examine shallow subsurface structure, we map the surface received power by tracking the first return of radar echoes and compare it with gravity gradients, which are particularly sensitive to small-scale structures.

Magnetic resonance enterography versus capsule endoscopy activity indices for quantification of small bowel inflammation in Crohn’s disease

PubMed Central

Kopylov, Uri; Klang, Eyal; Yablecovitch, Doron; Lahat, Adi; Avidan, Benjamin; Neuman, Sandra; Levhar, Nina; Greener, Tomer; Rozendorn, Noa; Beytelman, Arkadi; Yanai, Henit; Dotan, Iris; Chowers, Yehuda; Weiss, Batya; Ben-Horin, Shomron; Amitai, Marianne M.; Eliakim, Rami

2016-01-01

Background: Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) and magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) are the prime modalities for the evaluation of small bowel (SB) Crohn’s disease (CD). Mucosal inflammation on VCE is quantified using the Lewis score (LS). Diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows for accurate assessment of SB inflammation without administration of intravenous contrast material. The Magnetic Resonance Index of Activity (MaRiA) and the Clermont index are quantitative activity indices validated for contrast-enhanced MRE and DW-MRE, respectively. The aim of this study was to compare the quantification of distal SB inflammation by VCE and MR-related activity indices. Methods: Patients with known quiescent SB CD were prospectively recruited and underwent MRE and VCE. LS, MaRIA and Clermont scores were calculated for the distal SB. Results: Both MRI-based indices significantly correlated with the LS and the Clermont index (r = 0.50, p = 0.001 and r = 0.53, p = 0.001, respectively). Both MaRIA and Clermont scores were significantly lower in patients with mucosal healing (LS < 135). The area under the curve (AUC) with both MR scores was moderate for prediction of any mucosal inflammation (LS ⩾ 135) and excellent for prediction of moderate-to-severe inflammation (LS ⩾ 790) (0.71 and 0.74 versus 0.93 and 0.91 for MaRIA and Clermont score, respectively). Conclusions: Modest correlation between VCE- and MRE-based quantitative indices of inflammation in patients with quiescent SB CD was observed. Between-modality correlation was higher in patients with endoscopically severe disease. DW-MRE gauged by Clermont score was at least as accurate as contrast-enhanced MRE for quantification of SB inflammation. PMID:27582877

The Endemic Treponematoses

PubMed Central

Giacani, Lorenzo

2014-01-01

SUMMARY The agents of human treponematoses include four closely related members of the genus Treponema: three subspecies of Treponema pallidum plus Treponema carateum. T. pallidum subsp. pallidum causes venereal syphilis, while T. pallidum subsp. pertenue, T. pallidum subsp. endemicum, and T. carateum are the agents of the endemic treponematoses yaws, bejel (or endemic syphilis), and pinta, respectively. All human treponematoses share remarkable similarities in pathogenesis and clinical manifestations, consistent with the high genetic and antigenic relatedness of their etiological agents. Distinctive features have been identified in terms of age of acquisition, most common mode of transmission, and capacity for invasion of the central nervous system and fetus, although the accuracy of these purported differences is debated among investigators and no biological basis for these differences has been identified to date. In 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially set a goal for yaws eradication by 2020. This challenging but potentially feasible endeavor is favored by the adoption of oral azithromycin for mass treatment and the currently focused distribution of yaws and endemic treponematoses and has revived global interest in these fascinating diseases and their causative agents. PMID:24396138

Cryptic differentiation in the endemic micromoth Galagete darwini (Lepidoptera, Autostichidae) on Galápagos volcanoes.

PubMed

Schmitz, Patrick; Cibois, Alice; Landry, Bernard

2008-10-27

To gain insight into the early stages of speciation, we reconstructed a DNA-based phylogeny, using combined mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunits I and II: 1008 bp) and nuclear (elongation factor 1-alpha and wingless: 1062 bp) markers of populations of the moth Galagete darwini endemic to the Galápagos, which belongs to an insular radiation similar in size to that of Darwin's finches. Adults of G. darwini were collected in the arid lowlands of 11 of the Galápagos Islands (Baltra, Española, Fernandina, Floreana, Isabela, Pinta, Pinzón, San Cristobal, Santa Cruz, Santiago and Seymour) and the humid highlands of a subset of 5 of them (Fernandina, Floreana, Isabela, Santa Cruz and Santiago). The combined phylogeographic analysis surprisingly revealed that G. darwini populations at higher elevation on the western islands (Fernandina, Isabela and Santiago) represent a distinct lineage from the one in the low arid zones of these same islands. This is the first reported case in the archipelago of genetic cryptic differentiation correlated with elevation on the western Galápagos volcanoes.

Contributions to Climate Research Using the AIRS Science Team Version-5 Products

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Susskind, Joel; Molnar, Gyula; Iredell, Lena

2011-01-01

This paper compares recent spatial anomaly time series of OLR (Outgoing Longwave Radiation) and OLRCLR (Clear Sky OLR) as determined using CERES and AIRS observations over the time period September 2002 through June 2010. We find excellent agreement in OLR anomaly time series of both data sets in almost every detail, down to the 1 x 1 spatial grid point level. This extremely close agreement of OLR anomaly time series derived from observations by two different instruments implies that both sets of results must be highly stable. This agreement also validates to some extent the anomaly time series of the AIRS derived products used in the computation of the AIRS OLR product. The paper then examines anomaly time series of AIRS derived products over the extended time period September 2002 through April 2011. We show that OLR anomalies during this period are closely in phase with those of an El Nino index, and that recent global and tropical mean decreases in OLR and OLR(sub CLR) are a result of a transition from an El Nino condition at the beginning of the data record to La Nina conditions toward the end of the data period. This relationship can be explained by temporal changes of the distribution of mid-tropospheric water vapor and cloud cover in two spatial regions that are in direct response to El Nino/La Nina activity which occurs outside these spatial regions

A new species of Myotis from the Islas Tres Marias, Nayarit, Mexico, with comments on variation in Myotis nigricans

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bogan, Michael A.

1978-01-01

A new Myotis is described from the Islas Tres Marias, Nayarit, Mexico. the new species is distinct from related taxa n the adjacent Mexican mainland (M. californicus, M. leibii, and M. carteri), although most closely related to M. carteri as shown by univariate and canonical variates analyses. An analysis of six groups of M. nigricans from Middle and South America supports the elevation of M. nigricans carteri to specific status, confirms the distinctness of M. nigricus extremus, but fails to substantiate subspecific status for bats from Columbia and Ecuador, recent recognized as M. n. punensis.

Maria Edgeworth's Angelina, or L'amie Inconnue: queer materiality and the woman writer's grotesque body.

PubMed

Gonda, Caroline

2013-01-01

Despite its many similarities to her better-known novel Belinda, Maria Edgeworth's Angelina is not usually read as a work about lesbianism--even though it begins with the heroine eloping to live with another woman. This article explores same-sex relationships in Angelina and suggests reasons for the work's comparative neglect by lesbian criticism. It examines the process by which the heroine's "unknown friend," the novelist Araminta, moves from being "nobody," a textual construct, to a woman all too thoroughly and grotesquely embodied; and it discusses the role of queer objects, including literary texts, in that process of embodiment.

Economic geology of lunar Helium-3

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schmitt, Harrison H.

1988-01-01

Economic geology evaluation of lunar He-3 should answer the question: Can lunar He-3 be sold on Earth with sufficient profit margins and low enough risk to attract capital investment in the enterprise. Concepts that relate to economic geology of recovering He-3 from the lunar maria are not new to human experience. A parametric cost and technology evaluation scheme, based on existing and future data, is required to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the comprehensive economic feasibility and return on investment of He-3 recovery from the lunar maria. There are also many political issues which must be considered as a result of nuclear fusion and lunar mining.

Study of the relation between soil use, vegetation coverage, and the discharge of sediments from artificial reservoirs using MSS/LANDSAT images. Example: The Tres Marias reservoir and its supply basin

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dejesusparada, N. (Principal Investigator); Sausen, T. M.

1981-01-01

The land use and types of vegetation in the region of the upper Sao Francisco River, Brazil, are identified. This region comprises the supply basin of the Tres Marias reservoir. Imagery from channels 5 and 7 of the LANDSAT multispectral band scanner during wet and rainy seasons and ground truth data were employed to characterize and map the vegetation, land use, and sedimentary discharges from the reservoir. Agricultural and reforested lands, meadows, and forests are identified. Changes in land use due to human activity are demonstrated.

Guest Editorial

PubMed Central

Namineni, Srinivas

2014-01-01

ABSTRACT At the start of this New Year, I would like to draw attention of pediatric dental fraternity at large toward Raven Maria Blanco Foundation, United States. This is a foundation established by parents of a young girl called Maria, who lost her life in pediatric dental Office, which was not prepared to handle an emergency arising from a procedural sedation for dental treatment. This is very heartening for any parent. It was so heart rending that Grammy award singer Michael Crawford popularly known as ‘Magnedo7’ penned a song called Raven’s Song in her memory. This brings the focus on two important issues: sedation and emergency preparedness in our practices.1 PMID:25709311

Effect of tourism and trade on intestinal parasitic infections in Guatemala.

PubMed

Jensen, L A; Marlin, J W; Dyck, D D; Laubach, H E

2009-04-01

A survey was performed to determine if infection with gastrointestinal parasites differs between the rural and urban poor inhabitants of Guatemala. A total of 317 stool samples from children in two towns, one rural and one urban, were examined using the formalin-ether concentration method. The overall prevalence of parasites in infected children was 67%, 20%, 30%, and 22%, respectively for Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Giardia duodenalis and Entamoeba histolytica in the rural town of La Mano de Leon and 49%, 14%, 15%, and 21%, respectively in the urban town of Santa Maria de Jesus. Two sub-studies were carried out to determine the effects of (1) gender and (2) age on the rate of parasitic infections. Female children in the 1-to 6-year-olds age group in Santa Maria de Jesus had more infections with A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura when compared to La Mano de Leon. A. lumbricoides was most prevalent in Santa Maria de Jesus. These results propose that accessibility to tourism and trade decreases the risk for the establishment of parasitic diseases in children of Guatemala possibly due to improvements in basic nutrition and availability of health care.

Initial Public Health Laboratory Response After Hurricane Maria - Puerto Rico, 2017.

PubMed

Concepción-Acevedo, Jeniffer; Patel, Anita; Luna-Pinto, Carolina; Peña, Rafael González; Cuevas Ruiz, Rosa Ivette; Arbolay, Héctor Rivera; Toro, Mayra; Deseda, Carmen; De Jesus, Victor R; Ribot, Efrain; Gonzalez, Jennifer-Quiñones; Rao, Gouthami; De Leon Salazar, Alfonsina; Ansbro, Marisela; White, Brunilís B; Hardy, Margaret C; Georgi, Joaudimir Castro; Stinnett, Rita; Mercante, Alexandra M; Lowe, David; Martin, Haley; Starks, Angela; Metchock, Beverly; Johnston, Stephanie; Dalton, Tracy; Joglar, Olga; Stafford, Cortney; Youngblood, Monica; Klein, Katherine; Lindstrom, Stephen; Berman, LaShondra; Galloway, Renee; Schafer, Ilana J; Walke, Henry; Stoddard, Robyn; Connelly, Robin; McCaffery, Elaine; Rowlinson, Marie-Claire; Soroka, Stephen; Tranquillo, Darin T; Gaynor, Anne; Mangal, Chris; Wroblewski, Kelly; Muehlenbachs, Atis; Salerno, Reynolds M; Lozier, Matthew; Sunshine, Brittany; Shapiro, Craig; Rose, Dale; Funk, Renee; Pillai, Satish K; O'Neill, Eduardo

2018-03-23

Hurricane Maria made landfall in Puerto Rico on September 20, 2017, causing major damage to infrastructure and severely limiting access to potable water, electric power, transportation, and communications. Public services that were affected included operations of the Puerto Rico Department of Health (PRDOH), which provides critical laboratory testing and surveillance for diseases and other health hazards. PRDOH requested assistance from CDC for the restoration of laboratory infrastructure, surveillance capacity, and diagnostic testing for selected priority diseases, including influenza, rabies, leptospirosis, salmonellosis, and tuberculosis. PRDOH, CDC, and the Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL) collaborated to conduct rapid needs assessments and, with assistance from the CDC Foundation, implement a temporary transport system for shipping samples from Puerto Rico to the continental United States for surveillance and diagnostic and confirmatory testing. This report describes the initial laboratory emergency response and engagement efforts among federal, state, and nongovernmental partners to reestablish public health laboratory services severely affected by Hurricane Maria. The implementation of a sample transport system allowed Puerto Rico to reinitiate priority infectious disease surveillance and laboratory testing for patient and public health interventions, while awaiting the rebuilding and reinstatement of PRDOH laboratory services.

Being a witness: before you appear in court

PubMed Central

Steinecke, Richard

1998-01-01

Maria was surprised to see her colleague Anna in the witness waiting room outside of the courtroom. “I’m here to testify about a patient I treated” Anna explained “and I’m nervous.” Maria said “I’m here as an expert witness, probably on the same case. I think I saw a copy of your chart. I always get nervous before testifying as well, but I always find the rehearsal helps me a lot.” “Rehearsal, what’s that?” Maria explained how, before the hearing, she had met with the lawyer, gone over the questions she would be asked, the answers she would give and the likely areas of cross-examination. “Isn’t that cheating? I thought it was improper to discuss what you are going to say in court before you got on the witness stand?” Anna asked. “Oh no, its quite usual. You just need to have your patient’s consent if you are talking about a patient you treated.” “I wish I had known that” Anna responded “I had a lot of questions I would have liked answered.” Imagesp56-a

Potential Flooding area for local Tsunami in Nayarit Region (Western Coast of Mexico).

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Trejo-Gomez, E.; Ortiz, M.; Nuñez-Cornu, F. J.

2016-12-01

The western coast of Mexico in the region of Jalisco and Nayarit states has a complex tectonics and a high seismic activity. In the last century, four big tsunamis occurred in this area, (three of them in 1932 and one in 1995, that hit the coast of Colima, Jalisco and Nayarit. Three of these tsunamis were generated by earthquakes and one more (22 June 1932) by an underwater landslide. Currently, there is a seismic Gap on the north coast of Jalisco and southern Nayarit. Recent published papers (Urías-Espinosa et al, 2016) and the first results of TsuJal Project (Núñez- Cornú et al, 2016) suggest that subduction regime to the north of Cabo Corrientes changes and the Rivera plate subducts with a very low angle and this structure remains until Maria Madre Island at north of the Marias Islands. The hypothesis of this work is the estimation of the tsunami run up and the flooding zone after a great magnitude earthquake generated by the rupture of the hypothetical subduction structure north of Cabo Corrientes. The possible effects on the coasts of Nayarit, Islas Marias and Banderas Bay (Puerto Vallarta) are proposed in this study.

Moon - Western Hemisphere

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

This image of the western hemisphere of the Moon was taken through a green filter by the Galileo spacecraft at 9:35 a.m. PST Dec. 9 at a range of about 350,000 miles. In the center is the Orientale Basin, 600 miles in diameter, formed about 3.8 billion years ago by the impact of an asteroid-size body. Orientale's dark center is a small mare. To the right is the lunar nearside with the great, dark Oceanus Procellarum above and the small, circular, dark Mare Humorum below. Maria are broad plains formed mostly over 3 billion years ago as vast basaltic lava flows. To the left is the lunar far side with fewer maria but, at lower left, the South-Pole-Aitken basin, about 1200 miles in diameter, which resembles Orientale but is much older and more weathered and battered by cratering. The intervening cratered highlands of both sides, as well as the maria, are dotted with bright, young craters. This image was 'reprojected' so as to center the Orientale Basin, and was filtered to enhance the visibility of small features. The digital image processing was done by DLR, the German Aerospace Research Establishment near Munich, an international collaborator in the Galileo mission.

The relationship between the Maria da Penha Law and intimate partner violence in two Brazilian states.

PubMed

Gattegno, Mariana V; Wilkins, Jasmine D; Evans, Dabney P

2016-11-17

Globally, inequality between men and women manifests in a variety of ways. In particular, gender inequality increases the risk of perpetration of violence against women (VAW), especially intimate partner violence (IPV), by males. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 35 % of women have experienced physical, psychological and/or sexual IPV at least once in their lives, making IPV unacceptably common. In 2006, the Maria da Penha Law on Domestic and Family Violence, became the first federal law to regulate VAW and punish perpetrators in Brazil. This study examines the relationship between Brazilian VAW legislation and male perpetration of VAW by comparing reported prevalence of IPV before and after the enactment of the Maria da Penha Law. To assess changes in magnitude of IPV before and after the law, we used data from the 2013 Brazilian National Health Survey; we replicated the analyses conducted for the WHO Multi-Country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence Against Women-whose data were collected before the passage of the Maria da Penha Law. We compare findings from the two studies. Our analyses show an increase in the reported prevalence of physical violence, and a decrease in the reported prevalence of sexual and psychological violence. The increase may result from an actual increase in physical violence, increased awareness and reporting of physical violence, or a combination of both factors. Additionally, our analysis revealed that in the urban setting of São Paulo, physical violence was more likely to be severe and occur in the home; meanwhile, in the rural state of Pernambuco, physical violence was more likely to be moderate in nature and occur in public. The Maria da Penha Law increased attention and resources for VAW response and prevention; however, its true impact remains unmeasured. Our data suggest a need for regular, systematic collection of comparable population-based data to accurately estimate the true prevalence of IPV in Brazil. Furthermore, such data may inform policy and program planning to address specific needs across diverse settings including rural and urban communities. If routinely collected over time, such data can be used to develop policies and programs that address all forms of IPV, as well as evidence-based programs that address the social and cultural norms that support other forms of VAW and gender inequality.

Influence of rootstocks on growth, yield, fruit quality and leaf mineral element contents of pear cv. 'Santa Maria' in semi-arid conditions.

PubMed

Ikinci, Ali; Bolat, Ibrahim; Ercisli, Sezai; Kodad, Ossama

2014-12-16

Rootstocks play an essential role to determining orchard performance of fruit trees. Pyrus communis and Cydonia oblonga are widely used rootstocks for European pear cultivars. The lack of rootstocks adapted to different soil conditions and different grafted cultivars is widely acknowledged in pear culture. Cydonia rootstocks (clonal) and Pyrus rootstocks (seedling or clonal) have their advantages and disadvantages. In each case, site-specific environmental characteristics, specific cultivar response and production objectives must be considered before choosing the best rootstock. In this study, the influence of three Quince (BA 29, Quince A = MA, Quince C = MC) and a local European pear seedling rootstocks on the scion yield, some fruit quality characteristics and leaf macro (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and micro element (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and B) content of 'Santa Maria' pear (Pyrus communis L.) were investigated. Trees on seedling rootstock had the highest annual yield, highest cumulative yield (kg tree(-1)), largest trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA), lowest yield efficiency and lowest cumulative yield (ton ha(-1)) in the 10(th) year after planting. The rootstocks had no significant effect on average fruit weight and fruit volume. Significantly higher fruit firmness was obtained on BA 29 and Quince A. The effect of rootstocks on the mineral element accumulation (N, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and B) was significant. Leaf analysis showed that rootstocks used had different mineral uptake efficiencies throughout the early season. The results showed that the rootstocks strongly affected fruit yield, fruit quality and leaf mineral element uptake of 'Santa Maria' pear cultivar. Pear seedling and BA 29 rootstock found to be more prominent in terms of several characteristics for 'Santa Maria' pear cultivar that is grown in highly calcareous soil in semi-arid climate conditions. We determined the highest N, P (although insignificant), K, Ca, Mg, Fe and Cu mineral element concentrations on the pear seedling and BA 29 rootstocks. According to the results, we recommend the seedling rootstock for normal density plantings (400 trees ha(-1)) and BA 29 rootstock for high-density plantings (800 trees ha(-1)) for 'Santa Maria' pear cultivar in semi-arid conditions.

Islas Marias Archipelago, Mexico. A Missing Piece to Reconstruct the Paleoposition of Baja California

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schaaf, P. E.; Pompa, V.; Hernandez, T.; Weber, B.; Solis, G.; Villanueva, D.; Perez-Venzor, J.

2011-12-01

Paleopositions for southern Baja California peninsula have yielded controversial models over the past 30 years. Mainly based on paleomagnetic data many hypotheses place Baja at lower paleolatitudes in front of southern Mexico or Central America with subsequent northward translations. Other models suggest minor, if any, northward displacements with respect to continental Mexico combined with clockwise rotations. Lithological, geochemical, and geochronological similarities for southern Baja California and Puerto Vallarta (western Mexico Pacific margin) igneous rocks seem to confirm the latter model. To further prove this model we have mapped and collected rocks from Maria Madre, the largest island of the Islas Marias archipelago, located in the mouth of the Gulf of California. In an area of only 145 square kilometers, metamorphic basements rocks (ortho and migmatitic gneisses), highly deformed metasediments, granitoids, acid to intermediate volcanic sequences, and a cover with gently folded marine sediments are exposed. The basement complex with gneisses and metasediments, including garnet-bearing paragneiss and calc silicates, as well as the granodioritic-tonalitic intrusives display an extraordinary accordance with similar units observed in the Los Cabos Block (LCB) of Baja California Sur. Furthermore, U-Pb zircon ages of 162 and 170 Ma for the basement gneisses and of 80 Ma for the granitoids have been reported also from the LCB. Additionally, upper Cretaceous intrusive ages are well known from the Puerto Vallarta batholith in Jalisco and Nayarit, mainland Mexico. Geochemical and isotopic data as well as Nd model ages confirm a magmatic consanguinity of LCB, Islas Marias, and Puerto Vallarta granitoids. The volcanic units of Maria Madre Island include ignimbrites and effusive dacitic-rhyolithic rocks, which can be correlated to the Sierra Madre Occidental province and the Comundú Formation of Baja California. Age determinations are under work to confirm this hypothesis. Finally, the sedimentary cover record several subsidence and uplift events, possibly related to the opening of the Gulf of California. Micropaleontological investigations on Neogene deposits give evidence for an above sea level position of the islands since the late Pleistocene. In summary, our new lithological, geochemical, and geochronological investigations on the Isla María Madre rock suite confirm a common magmatic arc parenthood of these units with respect to mainland Mexico at latitudes of Puerto Vallarta and with the LCB of Baja California Sur. Large paleolatitudal displacements of Baja can be discarded from these results.

Grain-Scale Analyses of Curiosity Data at Marias Pass, Gale Crater, Mars: Methods Comparison and Depositional Interpretation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sacks, L. E.; Edgar, L. A.; Edwards, C. S.; Anderson, R. B.

2016-12-01

Images acquired by the Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) and the ChemCam Remote Micro Imager (RMI) onboard the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover provide grain-scale data that are critical for interpreting sedimentary deposits. At the location informally known as Marias Pass, Curiosity used both cameras to image the nine rock targets used in this study. We used manual point-counts to measure grain size distributions from those images to compare the abilities of the two cameras. The manually derived results were compared to automated grain size data obtained using pyDGS (Digital Grain Size), an open-source python program. Grain size analyses were used to test the lacustrine and aeolian depositional hypotheses for the Murray and Stimson formations at Marias Pass. Results indicate that the MAHLI and RMI instruments, despite their different fields of view and properties, provide comparable grain size measurements. Additionally, pyDGS does not account for grains smaller than a few pixels and thus does not report representative grain size data and should not be used on images with a large fraction of unresolved grains. Finally, the data collected at Marias Pass are consistent with the existing interpretations of the Murray and Stimson formations. The fine-grained results of the Murray formation analyses support lacustrine deposition, while the mean grain size of the Stimson formation is fine to medium sized sand, consistent with aeolian deposition. However, directly above the contact with the Murray formation, larger rip-up clasts of the Murray formation are present in the Stimson formation. It is possible that water was involved at this stage of erosion and re-deposition, prior to aeolian deposition. Additionally, the grain-scale analyses conducted in this study show that the Dust Removal Tool on Curiosity should be used prior to capturing images for grain-scale analysis. Two images of the target informally named Ronan, taken before and after brushing, resulted in dramatically different grain size results, suggesting that the common, thin layer of dust obscured the true grain size distribution. These grain-scale analyses at Marias Pass have important implications for the collection and processing of image data, as well as the depositional environments recorded in Gale crater. Funded by NSF Grant AST-1461200

Characterization of the Hosgri Fault Zone and adjacent structures in the offshore Santa Maria Basin, south-central California: Chapter CC of Evolution of sedimentary basins/onshore oil and gas investigations - Santa Maria province

USGS Publications Warehouse

Willingham, C. Richard; Rietman, Jan D.; Heck, Ronald G.; Lettis, William R.

2013-01-01

The Hosgri Fault Zone trends subparallel to the south-central California coast for 110 km from north of Point Estero to south of Purisima Point and forms the eastern margin of the present offshore Santa Maria Basin. Knowledge of the attributes of the Hosgri Fault Zone is important for petroleum development, seismic engineering, and environmental planning in the region. Because it lies offshore along its entire reach, our characterizations of the Hosgri Fault Zone and adjacent structures are primarily based on the analysis of over 10,000 km of common-depth-point marine seismic reflection data collected from a 5,000-km2 area of the central and eastern parts of the offshore Santa Maria Basin. We describe and illustrate the along-strike and downdip geometry of the Hosgri Fault Zone over its entire length and provide examples of interpreted seismic reflection records and a map of the structural trends of the fault zone and adjacent structures in the eastern offshore Santa Maria Basin. The seismic data are integrated with offshore well and seafloor geologic data to describe the age and seismic appearance of offshore geologic units and marker horizons. We develop a basin-wide seismic velocity model for depth conversions and map three major unconformities along the eastern offshore Santa Maria Basin. Accompanying plates include maps that are also presented as figures in the report. Appendix A provides microfossil data from selected wells and appendix B includes uninterpreted copies of the annotated seismic record sections illustrated in the chapter. Features of the Hosgri Fault Zone documented in this investigation are suggestive of both lateral and reverse slip. Characteristics indicative of lateral slip include (1) the linear to curvilinear character of the mapped trace of the fault zone, (2) changes in structural trend along and across the fault zone that diminish in magnitude toward the ends of the fault zone, (3) localized compressional and extensional structures characteristic of constraining and releasing bends and stepovers, (4) changes in the sense and magnitude of vertical separation along strike within the fault zone, and (5) changes in downdip geometry between the major traces and segments of the fault zone. Characteristics indicative of reverse slip include (1) reverse fault geometries that occur across major strands of the fault zone and (2) fault-bend folds and localized thrust faults that occur along the northern and southern reaches of the fault. Analyses of high-resolution, subbottom profiler and side-scan sonar records indicate localized Holocene activity along most of the extent of the fault zone. Collectively, these features are the basis of our characterization of the Hosgri Fault Zone as an active, 110-km-long, convergent right-oblique slip (transpressional) fault with identified northern and southern terminations. This interpretation is consistent with recently published analyses of onshore geologic data, regional tectonic kinematic models, and instrumental seismicity.

Como Promover el Exito de las Ninas y las Minorias en las Ciencias y en las Matematicas. Para Padres/sobre Padres (How To Promote the Science and Mathematics Achievement of Females and Minorities. For Parents/about Parents).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schwartz, Wendy

Some minority and female students traditionally have not been given the help they need to enroll and succeed in mathematics and science classes. Now, however, various approaches are available to give these students the extra attention they need. Parents can help children develop an interest in science and mathematics by: (1) identifying role…

Science in 60 – The Hunt for Antarctic Meteorites

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lanza, Nina

2015-12-08

She's the "coolest" thing in science, searching the ice sheets of Antarctica for meteorites from outer space. Los Alamos National Laboratory scientist Nina Lanza has signed up to spend nearly six weeks in a tent on the Antarctic ice sheet. Why would anyone do such a thing? For science, obviously! In the premiere episode of Los Alamos National Laboratory's "Science in 60" video series, Lanza gives us the low-down in 60 seconds on the why and how of hunting meteorites on the ice.

Science in 60 – The Hunt for Antarctic Meteorites

ScienceCinema

Lanza, Nina

2018-01-16

She's the "coolest" thing in science, searching the ice sheets of Antarctica for meteorites from outer space. Los Alamos National Laboratory scientist Nina Lanza has signed up to spend nearly six weeks in a tent on the Antarctic ice sheet. Why would anyone do such a thing? For science, obviously! In the premiere episode of Los Alamos National Laboratory's "Science in 60" video series, Lanza gives us the low-down in 60 seconds on the why and how of hunting meteorites on the ice.

APA/APAGS Award for Distinguished Graduate Student in Professional Psychology: Luz Maria Garcini.

PubMed

2016-11-01

The APA/APAGS Award for Distinguished Graduate Student in Professional Psychology is awarded on an annual basis by the APA Board of Professional Affairs (BPA) and the American Psychological Association of Graduate Students (APAGS) to a graduate student who has demonstrated outstanding practice and application of psychology. The 2016 award winners is Luz Maria Garcini, whose commitment to the health and mental health of those recently immigrated has led to research and service that "have greatly benefited the lives of undocumented individuals in the border area of southern California." Garcini's award citation, biography, and a selected bibliography are presented here. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

[A collection of scientific instruments at the dawn of the modern hospital: Vincenzo Viviani's physical-mathematical instruments and Santa Maria Hospital in Florence (1871-1895)].

PubMed

Diana, Esther

2008-01-01

Around the second half of the nineteenth century, the collection of physics-mathematical instruments that Vincenzo Viviani (1622-1703) had bequeathed to the Santa Maria Nuova Hospital of Florence stirred new interest. The process of modernising the hospital was indeed to lead to the progressive alienation of the institution's rich historical patrimony, including the scientific collections. In tracing back the negotiations that led to the sale of the Viviani collection, archive documents have also brought to light the collection inventory, which is now proposed a new to help recount the history of how scientific instruments became museum collectibles in Florence.

This Week @NASA - September 22, 2017

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-09-22

Satellite data continues to enable weather forecasters to look inside and outside of powerful hurricanes. Imagery from NOAA's GOES East satellite, captured Sept. 17 to Sept. 20, shows Hurricane Jose along the U.S. east coast, and Hurricane Maria, as it moved through the Leeward Islands, strengthening to a Category 5 hurricane, and making landfall in Puerto Rico. Meanwhile, The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite found rain falling inside Maria at a rate of over 6.44 inches per hour in powerful storms that reached above 9.7 miles high. Also, SpaceX Dragon Returns with Science, Katherine Johnson Research Facility Opened, Earth’s Gravity Assist to OSIRIS-REx, Hubble Spots Asteroids Orbiting Each Other, and Engineering the Future!

A look into hurricane Maria rapid intensification using Meteo-France's Arome-Antilles model.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pilon, R.; Faure, G.; Dupont, T.; Chauvin, F.

2017-12-01

Category 5 Hurricane Maria created a string of humanitarian crises. It caused billions of dollars of damage over the Caribbean but is also one of the worst natural disaster in Dominica.The hurricane took approximately 29 hours to strengthen from a tropical storm to a major category 5 hurricane. Here we present real-time forecasts of high resolution (2.5 km) Arome-Antilles regional model forced by real-time ECMWF's Integrated Forecasting System. The model was able to relatively represent well the rapid intensification of the hurricane whether it was in timing or in location of the eye and strength of its eye wall.We will present an outline of results.

Distribution pattern and genetic structure of Aedes zammitii (Diptera: Culicidae) along the Mediterranean and Aegean coasts of Turkey.

PubMed

Yavasoglu, Sare Ilknur; Simsek, Fatih Mehmet; Ulger, Celal

2016-06-01

The Mariae species complex, consisting of Aedes mariae, Aedes phoeniciae, and Aedes zammitii, has a limited distribution worldwide. All three species are found in rocky habitats on the coastal areas of Mediterranean countries. Aedes phoeniciae and Ae. zammitii are two members of the Mariae complex that exist in Turkey. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution pattern and genetic structure of Ae. zammitii along the Mediterranean and Aegean regions. For this purpose, larval and adult samples of Ae. zammitii were collected from 19 different rocky habitats along the coastal regions of Antalya, Muğla, Aydın, İzmir, Balıkesir, and Çanakkale provinces. DNA isolation was performed primarily from collected samples, and mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase 4 (ND4) gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Based on ND4 sequence analyses, 21 haplotypes were detected along the distribution range of the species. Analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) and spatial analyses of molecular variance (SAMOVA) indicated six groups, and most of the variation was among groups, demonstrating the population structuring at group level. Isolation by distance analyses (IBD) showed a correlation between geographic and genetic distances. © 2016 The Society for Vector Ecology.

Coastal Sediment Distribution Patterns Following Category 5 Hurricanes (Irma and Maria): Pre and Post Hurricane High Resolution Multibeam Surveys of Eastern St. John, US Virgin Islands

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Browning, T. N.; Sawyer, D. E.; Russell, P.

2017-12-01

In August of 2017 we collected high resolution multibeam data of the seafloor in a large embayment in eastern St. John, US Virgin Islands (USVI). One month later, the eyewall of Category 5 Hurricane Irma directly hit St. John as one of the largest hurricanes on record in the Atlantic Ocean. A week later, Category 5 Hurricane Maria passed over St. John. While the full extent of the impacts are still being assessed, the island experienced a severe loss of vegetation, infrastructure, buildings, roads, and boats. We mobilized less than two months afterward to conduct a repeat survey of the same area on St. John. We then compared these data to document and quantify the sediment influx and movement that occurred in coastal embayments as a result of Hurricanes Irma and Maria. The preliminary result of the intense rain, wind, and storm surge likely yields an event deposit that can be mapped and volumetrically quantified in the bays of eastern St. John. The results of this study allow for a detailed understanding of the post-hurricane pulse of sediment that enters the marine environment, the sediment flux seaward, and the morphological changes to the bay floor.

Mutations of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Durham, Santa-Maria and A+ Variants Are Associated with Loss Functional and Structural Stability of the Protein

PubMed Central

Gómez-Manzo, Saúl; Marcial-Quino, Jaime; Vanoye-Carlo, America; Enríquez-Flores, Sergio; De la Mora-De la Mora, Ignacio; González-Valdez, Abigail; García-Torres, Itzhel; Martínez-Rosas, Víctor; Sierra-Palacios, Edgar; Lazcano-Pérez, Fernando; Rodríguez-Bustamante, Eduardo; Arreguin-Espinosa, Roberto

2015-01-01

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common enzymopathy in the world. More than 160 mutations causing the disease have been identified, but only 10% of these variants have been studied at biochemical and biophysical levels. In this study we report on the functional and structural characterization of three naturally occurring variants corresponding to different classes of disease severity: Class I G6PD Durham, Class II G6PD Santa Maria, and Class III G6PD A+. The results showed that the G6PD Durham (severe deficiency), and the G6PD Santa Maria and A+ (less severe deficiency) (Class I, II and III, respectively) affect the catalytic efficiency of these enzymes, are more sensitive to temperature denaturing, and affect the stability of the overall protein when compared to the wild type WT-G6PD. In the variants, the exposure of more and buried hydrophobic pockets was induced and monitored with 8-Anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (ANS) fluorescence, directly affecting the compaction of structure at different levels and probably reducing the stability of the protein. The degree of functional and structural perturbation by each variant correlates with the clinical severity reported in different patients. PMID:26633385

Quantifying Late Quaternary Deformation along the Santa Ynez River, Santa Maria Basin, California

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Slatten, C. L.; Onderdonk, N.

2017-12-01

The fault bounded Santa Maria Basin, located on the Central Coast of California, is positioned in an area of convergence between the rotating Western Transverse Ranges and the non-rotated Southern Coast Ranges. The Santa Ynez River Fault (SYRF) is an east-west trending fault that parallels the Santa Ynez River west of Lake Cachuma, California and defines the southern structural boundary of the Santa Maria Basin. However, the rate and style of Late Quaternary deformation and uplift in this region and the potential for seismic hazard along the fault is lacking. Fluvial terraces are key geomorphological components of fluvial systems that can be used to provide insights into regional and local uplift and deformation. The Santa Ynez River delineates the northern edge of the Santa Ynez Mountains and flows west through the Santa Ynez Valley to its mouth at the Pacific Ocean. The Santa Ynez River Field Area is a 10 km stretch of the Santa Ynez River just west of Lake Cachuma where terraces are well developed and the SYRF cuts through terraces and the active river (Figure 1). If there has been Quaternary movement of the SYRF we expect to find deformation in these areas. An initial survey of the area identified five terrace levels ranging from 8 m to 135 m above modern river level. The fluvial terraces are being mapped as separate units, surveyed for deformation with GPS based transects, and sampled for optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. These combined methods will allow us to document the geomorphic characteristics and landform evolution of the lower Santa Ynez River, evaluate the possibility of Late Quaternary activity of the SYRF, and determine the rate of Late Quaternary regional uplift along the western Santa Ynez River in the Santa Maria Basin providing a possible basis for augmentation of the seismic hazards for Santa Barbara County.

Effects of a 2006 High-Flow Release from Tiber Dam on Channel Morphology at Selected Sites on the Marias River, Montana

USGS Publications Warehouse

Auble, Gregor T.; Bowen, Zachary H.

2008-01-01

In June 2006, an opportunistic high-flow release was made from Tiber Dam on the Marias River in Mont., to investigate possible alternatives for partially restoring the river's natural flow pattern and variability. At two sites along the river, we measured channel geometry before and after the high-flow release to evaluate channel change and alteration of physical habitat. Streamflow downstream from Tiber Dam has been stabilized by reduction of high flows and augmentation of low flows. This has produced flood-control benefits as well as some possible adverse environmental effects downstream from the dam. The 2006 high-flow release resulted in a downstream hydrograph with high flows of above-average magnitude in the post-dam flow regime of the Marias River. Timing of the peak and the declining limb of the release hydrograph were very similar to a historical, unregulated hydrograph of the Marias River. Furthermore, the high flow produced many of the qualitative elements of ecologically important physical processes that can be diminished or lost due to flow stabilization downstream from a dam. Typically dry back channels were occupied by flowing water. Islands were inundated, resulting in vegetation removal and sediment accretion that produced new disturbance patches of bare, moist substrate. Cut banks were eroded, and large woody debris was added to the river and redistributed. Flood-plain surfaces were inundated, producing substantial increases in wetted perimeter and spatially distinctive patterns of deposition associated with natural levee formation. The scale of the 2006 high flow - in terms of peak magnitude and the lateral extent of bottomland influenced by inundation or lateral channel movement - was roughly an order of magnitude smaller than the scale of an infrequent high flow in the pre-dam regime. Overall extent and composition of riparian vegetation will continue to change under a scaled-down, post-dam flow regime. For example, the importance of the non-native Russian-olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) will likely increase. Reestablishing a more natural pattern of flows, however, should promote the increase of native cottonwood and willow (Salix spp.) in the new-albeit smaller-post-dam riparian ecosystem. A more natural flow regime will also likely provide improved habitat for native fish in the Marias River. Response of fish communities to such flows is the subject of current fisheries studies being conducted in cooperation with Bureau of Reclamation.

Tropical Rainfall Distributions Determined Using TRMM Combined with other Satellite and Raingauge Information

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Adler, Robert F.; Huffman, George J.; Bolvin, David T.; Curtis, Scott; Nelkin, Eric J.

1999-01-01

Abstract A technique is described to use Tropical Rain Measuring Mission (TRMM) combined radar/radiometer information to adjust geosynchronous infrared satellite data (the TRMM Adjusted GOES Precipitation Index, or TRMM AGPI). The AGPI is then merged with rain gauge information (mostly over land; the TRMM merged product) to provide fine- scale (1 deg latitude/longitude) pentad and monthly analyses, respectively. The TRMM merged estimates are 10% higher than those from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) when integrated over the tropical oceans (37 deg N-S) for 1998, with 20% differences noted in the most heavily raining areas. In the dry subtropics the TRMM values are smaller than the GPCP estimates. The TRMM merged-product tropical-mean estimates for 1998 are 3.3 mm/ day over ocean and 3.1 mm/ day over land and ocean combined. Regional differences are noted between the western and eastern Pacific Ocean maxima when TRMM and GPCP are compared. In the eastern Pacific rain maximum the TRMM and GPCP mean values are nearly equal, very different from the other tropical rainy areas where TRMM merged-product estimates are higher. This regional difference may indicate that TRMM is better at taking in to account the vertical structure of the rain systems and the difference in structure between the western and eastern (shallower) Pacific convection. Comparisons of these TRMM merged analysis estimates with surface data sets shows varied results; the bias is near zero when compared to western Pacific Ocean atoll raingauge data, but significantly positive compared to Kwajalein radar estimates (adjusted by rain gauges). Over land the TRMM estimates also show a significant positive bias. The inclusion of gauge information in the final merged product significantly reduces the bias over land, as expected. The monthly precipitation patterns produced by the TRMM merged data process clearly show the evolution of the ENSO tropical precipitation pattern from early 1998 (El Nino) through early 1999 (La Nina) and beyond. The El Nino minus La Nina difference map shows the eastern Pacific maximum, the maritime continent minima and other tropical and mid-latitude features. The differences in the Pacific are very similar to those detected by the GPCP analyses. However, summing the El Nino minus La Nina differences over the global tropical oceans yields divergent answers from TRMM, GPCP and other estimates. This emphasizes the need for additional validation and analysis before it is feasible to understand the relations between global precipitation anomalies and Pacific Ocean ENSO temperature changes.

Extreme Wind, Rain, Storm Surge, and Flooding: Why Hurricane Impacts are Difficult to Forecast?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, S. S.

2017-12-01

The 2017 hurricane season is estimated as one of the costliest in the U.S. history. The damage and devastation caused by Hurricane Harvey in Houston, Irma in Florida, and Maria in Puerto Rico are distinctly different in nature. The complexity of hurricane impacts from extreme wind, rain, storm surge, and flooding presents a major challenge in hurricane forecasting. A detailed comparison of the storm impacts from Harvey, Irma, and Maria will be presented using observations and state-of-the-art new generation coupled atmosphere-wave-ocean hurricane forecast model. The author will also provide an overview on what we can expect in terms of advancement in science and technology that can help improve hurricane impact forecast in the near future.

A misterious fate - the destiny of Nicolas Donitch

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gaina, Alex

This paper describes a history of collaboration between the astronomers N. Donitch and A.A. Baikov. Information on other astronomers, L.V. Ocoulitch and E.A. Von der Pahlen, and meteorologists V.H. Dubinskii and Nina Gouma, can also be found. Details on the expeditions aimed at observing the total solar eclipses on 30 August 1905 (organized by the Imperial Academy of Sciences in Sankt-Petersburg) and 19 June 1936 (organized by the Romanian Royal Cultural foundation) are given. Some Informations concerning the Bessarabian Society of Naturalists and Amateur Naturalists are given also.

Oceanographic Conditions Off Northern Chile During the 1996 La Nina and 1997-1998 El Nino: Part1 - Hydrographic Conditions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Blanco, J.; Thomas, A.; Strub, T.; Carr, M.

2000-01-01

The evolution of oceanographic conditions in the upwelling region off northern Chile (18(sup o) - 24(sup o)S) betweeen 1996 and 1998 (including 1997-1998 El Nino) is presented using hydrographic measurements acquired on quarterly cruises of the Chilean Fisheries Institute, sea-surface temperature (SST), sea level, and wind speeds from Arica (18.5(sup o)S), Iquique (20.5(sup o)S), and Antofagasta (23.5(sup o)S), and a time series of vertical temperature profiles off Iquique.

NASA/NOAA/AMS Earth Science Electronic Theater

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hasler, Fritz

1999-01-01

Selections from the following very large Earth science observed & simulated datasets shown from: Historical: GOES-10 & AVHRR, SeaWIFS, TRMM, Meteosat, GMS, FY2, and ADEOS. and Simulated: EOS-AM1, Landsat 7, Astrovision, and 3D numerical storm model. Also highlights of the 1998 Hurricane & Severe Storm Seasons will be reviewed. A spectacular animations of La Nina season hurricanes: Bonnie, Georges, etc. 5000 frame 5-min GOES 10 continuous 28 day animation of the'98 Spring tornadic thunderstorm season and other special GOES test datasets will be shown.

Earth Science Missions Engineering Challenges

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Marius, Julio L.

2009-01-01

This presentation gives a general overlook of the engineering efforts that are necessary to meet science mission requirement especially for Earth Science missions. It provides brief overlook of NASA's current missions and future Earth Science missions and the engineering challenges to meet some of the specific science objectives. It also provides, if time permits, a brief summary of two significant weather and climate phenomena in the Southern Hemisphere: El Nino and La Nina, as well as the Ozone depletion over Antarctica that will be of interest to IEEE intercom 2009 conference audience.

Aerodynamic Applications of Boundary Layer Control Using Embedded Streamwise Vortices

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-07-01

section, 0.02% free-stream turbulence level, free-stream velocity up to 18 m/s; the strain gauge can be used for aerodynamic force measurements. (2...section, free-stream velocity up to 28 m/s; equipped with the 3-component strain gauge (values of streamwise and normal forces measured up to 3N and 6...dimensional model: test section of 4m x 2.5m x 5.5m, free-stream velocities up to 42 m/s, multi-base 6-component strain gauge. Project Manager: Nina F

Hybridization, natural selection, and evolution of reproductive isolation: a 25-years survey of an artificial sympatric area between two mosquito sibling species of the Aedes mariae complex.

PubMed

Urbanelli, Sandra; Porretta, Daniele; Mastrantonio, Valentina; Bellini, Romeo; Pieraccini, Giuseppe; Romoli, Riccardo; Crasta, Graziano; Nascetti, Giuseppe

2014-10-01

Natural selection can act against maladaptive hybridization between co-occurring divergent populations leading to evolution of reproductive isolation among them. A critical unanswered question about this process that provides a basis for the theory of speciation by reinforcement, is whether natural selection can cause hybridization rates to evolve to zero. Here, we investigated this issue in two sibling mosquitoes species, Aedes mariae and Aedes zammitii, that show postmating reproductive isolation (F1 males sterile) and partial premating isolation (different height of mating swarms) that could be reinforced by natural selection against hybridization. In 1986, we created an artificial sympatric area between the two species and sampled about 20,000 individuals over the following 25 years. Between 1986 and 2011, the composition of mating swarms and the hybridization rate between the two species were investigated across time in the sympatric area. Our results showed that A. mariae and A. zammitii have not completed reproductive isolation since their first contact in the artificial sympatric area. We have discussed the relative role of factors such as time of contact, gene flow, strength of natural selection, and biological mechanisms causing prezygotic isolation to explain the observed results. © 2014 The Author(s). Evolution © 2014 The Society for the Study of Evolution.

Pick a Color MARIA: Adaptive Sampling Enables the Rapid Identification of Complex Perovskite Nanocrystal Compositions with Defined Emission Characteristics.

PubMed

Bezinge, Leonard; Maceiczyk, Richard M; Lignos, Ioannis; Kovalenko, Maksym V; deMello, Andrew J

2018-06-06

Recent advances in the development of hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite (LHP) nanocrystals (NCs) have demonstrated their versatility and potential application in photovoltaics and as light sources through compositional tuning of optical properties. That said, due to their compositional complexity, the targeted synthesis of mixed-cation and/or mixed-halide LHP NCs still represents an immense challenge for traditional batch-scale chemistry. To address this limitation, we herein report the integration of a high-throughput segmented-flow microfluidic reactor and a self-optimizing algorithm for the synthesis of NCs with defined emission properties. The algorithm, named Multiparametric Automated Regression Kriging Interpolation and Adaptive Sampling (MARIA), iteratively computes optimal sampling points at each stage of an experimental sequence to reach a target emission peak wavelength based on spectroscopic measurements. We demonstrate the efficacy of the method through the synthesis of multinary LHP NCs, (Cs/FA)Pb(I/Br) 3 (FA = formamidinium) and (Rb/Cs/FA)Pb(I/Br) 3 NCs, using MARIA to rapidly identify reagent concentrations that yield user-defined photoluminescence peak wavelengths in the green-red spectral region. The procedure returns a robust model around a target output in far fewer measurements than systematic screening of parametric space and additionally enables the prediction of other spectral properties, such as, full-width at half-maximum and intensity, for conditions yielding NCs with similar emission peak wavelength.

Western hemisphere of the Moon taken by Galileo spacecraft

NASA Image and Video Library

1990-12-09

Galileo spacecraft image of the Moon recorded at 9:35 am Pacific Standard Time (PST), 12-09-90, after completing its first Earth Gravity Assist. Western hemisphere of the Moon was taken through a green filter at a range of about 350,000 miles. In the center is Orientale Basin, 600 miles in diameter, formed about 3.8 billion years ago by the impact of an asteroid-size body. Orientale's dark center is a small mare. To the right is the lunar near side with the great, dark Oceanus Procellarum above the small, circular, dark Mare Humorum below. Maria are broad plains formed mostly over 3 billion years ago as vast basaltic lava flows. To the left is the lunar far side with fewer maria, but, at lower left South-Pole-Aitken basin, about 1200 miles in diameter, which resembles Orientale but is much older and more weathered and battered by cratering. The intervening cratered highlands of both sides, as well as the maria, are dotted with bright young craters. This image was "reprojected" so as to center the Orientale Basin, and was filtered to enhance the visibility of small features. The digital image processing was done by DLR, the German Aerospace Research Establishment near Munich, an international collaborator in the Galileo mission. Photo was provided by Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) with alternate number P-37327, 12-19-90.

Decreased Libido

MedlinePlus

... Cancer Featured Resource Find an Endocrinologist Search Decreased Libido Editors Bradley Anawalt, MD Maria Yialamas, MD Additional Resources: Mayo Clinic NIDDK MedlinePlus What is libido? Libido is the desire to engage in sexual ...

Maria Sibylla Merian and the metamorphosis of natural history.

PubMed

Etheridge, Kay

2011-03-01

Known primarily for creating beautiful images of butterflies and flowers, Maria Sibylla Merian (German, 1647-1717) has remained largely unappreciated for her seminal contribution to early modern natural history. Merian was indeed a talented artist, but she clearly thought of herself as a naturalist, and employed both text and images to depict lepidopteran metamorphosis and behavior with unprecedented accuracy and detail. Merian documented larvae and adult insects feeding not only on plants, but also on other animals, and she depicted other creatures preying on insects. An image of battling spiders and ants and the accompanying text in her 1705 Metamorphosis insectorum surinamensium illuminated the world of tropical arthropods in a way that was groundbreaking, and set the stage for a new way to envision nature. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

[Maria Bandeira: a pioneering botanist at the Botanic Garden of Rio de Janeiro].

PubMed

Bediaga, Begonha; Peixoto, Ariane Luna; Filgueiras, Tarciso S

2016-01-01

This article sheds light on Maria Bandeira, the first female botanist to work at the Botanic Garden of Rio de Janeiro. She was active in the 1920s, but is absent from the historiography and little cited in the scientific literature. The significant number of plant, fungus, and lichen specimens she collected, her capacity to reach far-flung places, her extensive correspondence with foreign experts, and her studies at Sorbonne are all sources for the analysis of the way botany was practiced and the social networks at play in science at the time. The end of her scientific career, when she adopted a cloistered life with the Barefoot Carmelite nuns, can be interpreted variously, and partially explains why her contributions to Brazilian botany have been forgotten.

First 'Rauisuchian' archosaur (Pseudosuchia, Loricata) for the Middle Triassic Santacruzodon assemblage zone (Santa Maria Supersequence), Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.

PubMed

Lacerda, Marcel B; Schultz, Cesar L; Bertoni-Machado, Cristina

2015-01-01

The 'Rauisuchia' are a group of Triassic pseudosuchian archosaurs that displayed a near worldwide distribution. In Brazil, their fossils are found only in the Santa Maria Formation (Paraná Basin) of the Rio Grande do Sul State, specifically in the Middle Triassic Dinodontosaurus assemblage zone (AZ) and the Late Triassic Hyperodapedon AZ (Rauisuchus tiradentes). Between these two cenozones is the Santacruzodon AZ (Middle Triassic), whose record was, until now, restricted to non-mammalian cynodonts and the proterochampsian Chanaresuchus bonapartei. Here we present the first occurrence of a rauisuchian archosaur for this cenozone, from the Schoenstatt outcrop, located near the city of Santa Cruz do Sul and propose a new species, based on biostratigraphical evidence and a comparative osteological analysis.

First 'Rauisuchian' archosaur (Pseudosuchia, Loricata) for the Middle Triassic Santacruzodon Assemblage Zone (Santa Maria Supersequence), Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

PubMed Central

Lacerda, Marcel B.; Schultz, Cesar L.; Bertoni-Machado, Cristina

2015-01-01

The ‘Rauisuchia’ are a group of Triassic pseudosuchian archosaurs that displayed a near worldwide distribution. In Brazil, their fossils are found only in the Santa Maria Formation (Paraná Basin) of the Rio Grande do Sul State, specifically in the Middle Triassic Dinodontosaurus assemblage zone (AZ) and the Late Triassic Hyperodapedon AZ (Rauisuchus tiradentes). Between these two cenozones is the Santacruzodon AZ (Middle Triassic), whose record was, until now, restricted to non-mammalian cynodonts and the proterochampsian Chanaresuchus bonapartei. Here we present the first occurrence of a rauisuchian archosaur for this cenozone, from the Schoenstatt outcrop, located near the city of Santa Cruz do Sul and propose a new species, based on biostratigraphical evidence and a comparative osteological analysis. PMID:25714091

History of the Journal of Nursing of the Federal University of Santa Maria.

PubMed

Budó, Maria de Lourdes Denardin; Beck, Carmem Lúcia Colomé; Silva, Dalva Cezar da; Prestes, Francine Cassol; Soares, Rhea Silvia de Avila; Garcia, Raquel Pötter

2017-02-09

To report the history of the Journal of Nursing of the Federal University of Santa Maria. This is an experience report based on information from secondary materials, such as websites and documents. Data were grouped and presented according to the time sequence. The magazine was established in 2010 and in its six years of existence, the number of published articles increased from 58 to 75, it was approved for indexation in databases and obtained the Qualis B3. Actions were aimed at strengthening the journal, searching for financial resources, increasing disclosure, the number of reviewers and collaborators. The magazine's history involves several steps, which have been permeated by challenges and achievements that involve the search for the continuous strengthening of the journal and related publications.

[Description of communications of work accidents registered in the National Institute of Social Security of Santa Maria, RS, in the year 2000].

PubMed

Kirchhof, Ana Lúcia Cardoso; Capellari, Claudia

2004-08-01

The communication of work accident is the document which warrants to the worker who suffered an accident the right to social benefit, and also serves as a source of epidemiological data. This study described the work accidents notified to the National Institute of Social Security of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, in the year of 2000, attributing to them classifications that could be compared to Brazilian data and similar studies, among those the kind of accident, production sector and the worker's days off. It was possible to evidence the significant increase of notifications registered during the year of 2000 in relation to 1999, beyond the sub-register, specially in the scope of less serious accidents.

Violence against Amazon women.

PubMed

Lima, Vera Lúcia de Azevedo; Souza, Maria de Lourdes de; Monticelli, Marisa; Oliveira, Marília de Fátima Vieira de; Souza, Carlos Benedito Marinho de; Costa, Carlos Alberto Leal da; Brüggemann, Odaléa Maria

2009-01-01

This quantitative and exploratory study analyzed violence against Amazon women presented in print media according to type and severity, and whether aggressors fell under the Maria da Penha law. A total of 181 issues of a regional newspaper were consulted. Based on content analysis, 164 items addressing violence against women were selected and 46 were included in the corpus of analysis. Results were gathered in three thematic groups: women killed with cruelty, sexual violence against women regardless of age, and violence against women and the limitations of the Maria da Penha law. Violence against these women varied in terms of form and severity, including up to homicide. Women are submitted to sexual violence from childhood through adulthood. The enforcement of this law shows the community it has a means to cope with this social phenomenon.

The Response of Sediments and Dissolved Organic Matter to Rapid Rainfall in the Santa Maria da Vitoria Watershed, Espírito Santo, BR

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ward, N. D.; Firme de Almeida, L.; Dias, G.; Gould, R.; Tan, A.; Bianchi, T. S.; Krusche, A. V.; Keil, R. G.; Richey, J. E.

2015-12-01

The Santa Maria da Vitória River supplies over 30% of the water for the greater Vitória, Espírito Santo, BR metropolitan area, which has a population of roughly 1.6 million people. The availability of clean freshwater is severely limited during periods of heavy rainfall because water sanitation facilities are "clogged" by high sediment discharge. The headwaters of the Santa Maria da Vitória River are characterized by relatively pristine forested environments, transitioning into primarily agricultural and rural land uses, and finally reaching the large urban center of Vitória near its marine receiving waters. The discharge of suspended sediments and dissolved organic matter (DOM) was examined at a 3 hour frequency during heavy storm flows from October 2013 to May 2015 in the Santa Maria da Vitória River main channel and a small tributary, the Mangaraí River. Bulk isotopic analyses were used to determine potential sediment sources and whether specific landscape/land use features were functionalized during periods of high runoff. Likewise, time of flight mass spectrometry (GC-ToF-MS) was used to identify a broad suite of DOM compounds that responded positively with river discharge in an effort to determine the influence of land use on the delivery of dissolved components to the river. For example, the abundance of compounds related to specific agricultural settings increased during storm flow along with anthropogenic DOM sources such as plasticizer and pesticide-derived compounds. Suspended sediment concentrations increased by as much as 70 times during peak river discharge relative to base flow several days earlier with similar increases in particulate organic carbon and nitrogen observed. Results from this study and previous field measurements were integrated into a coupled hydrology-sediment transport model, DHSVM, as part of a dynamic information framework with the goal of predicting water/sediment discharge to inform management and policy sectors of the state of Espírito Santo.

Building infrastructure to prevent disasters like Hurricane Maria

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bandaragoda, C.; Phuong, J.; Mooney, S.; Stephens, K.; Istanbulluoglu, E.; Pieper, K.; Rhoads, W.; Edwards, M.; Pruden, A.; Bales, J.; Clark, E.; Brazil, L.; Leon, M.; McDowell, W. G.; Horsburgh, J. S.; Tarboton, D. G.; Jones, A. S.; Hutton, E.; Tucker, G. E.; McCready, L.; Peckham, S. D.; Lenhardt, W. C.; Idaszak, R.

2017-12-01

2000 words Recovery efforts from natural disasters can be more efficient with data-driven information on current needs and future risks. We aim to advance open-source software infrastructure to support scientific investigation and data-driven decision making with a prototype system using a water quality assessment developed to investigate post-Hurricane Maria drinking water contamination in Puerto Rico. The widespread disruption of water treatment processes and uncertain drinking water quality within distribution systems in Puerto Rico poses risk to human health. However, there is no existing digital infrastructure to scientifically determine the impacts of the hurricane. After every natural disaster, it is difficult to answer elementary questions on how to provide high quality water supplies and health services. This project will archive and make accessible data on environmental variables unique to Puerto Rico, damage caused by Hurricane Maria, and will begin to address time sensitive needs of citizens. The initial focus is to work directly with public utilities to collect and archive samples of biological and inorganic drinking water quality. Our goal is to advance understanding of how the severity of a hazard to human health (e.g., no access to safe culinary water) is related to the sophistication, connectivity, and operations of the physical and related digital infrastructure systems. By rapidly collecting data in the early stages of recovery, we will test the design of an integrated cyberinfrastructure system to for usability of environmental and health data to understand the impacts from natural disasters. We will test and stress the CUAHSI HydroShare data publication mechanisms and capabilities to (1) assess the spatial and temporal presence of waterborne pathogens in public water systems impacted by a natural disaster, (2) demonstrate usability of HydroShare as a clearinghouse to centralize selected datasets related to Hurricane Maria, and (3) develop a prototype cyberinfrastructure to assess environmental conditions and public health impacted by natural disasters. The project thus serves to not only document post-disaster conditions, but develops a process to track the impact of recovery over time, as monitored through health, power availability and water quality.

Neutronics, steady-state, and transient analyses for the Poland MARIA reactor for irradiation testing of LEU lead test fuel assemblies from CERCA : ANL independent verification results.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Garner, P. L.; Hanan, N. A.

The MARIA reactor at the Institute of Atomic Energy (IAE) in Swierk (30 km SE of Warsaw) in the Republic of Poland is considering conversion from high-enriched uranium (HEU) to low-enriched uranium (LEU) fuel assemblies (FA). The FA design in MARIA is rather unique; a suitable LEU FA has never been designed or tested. IAE has contracted with CERCA (the fuel supply portion of AREVA in France) to supply 2 lead test assemblies (LTA). The LTAs will be irradiated in MARIA to burnup level of at least 40% for both LTAs and to 60% for one LTA. IAE may decidemore » to purchase additional LEU FAs for a full core conversion after the test irradiation. The Reactor Safety Committee within IAE and the National Atomic Energy Agency in Poland (PAA) must approve the LTA irradiation process. The approval will be based, in part, on IAE submitting revisions to portions of the Safety Analysis Report (SAR) which are affected by the insertion of the LTAs. (A similar process will be required for the full core conversion to LEU fuel.) The analysis required was established during working meetings between Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) and IAE staff during August 2006, subsequent email correspondence, and subsequent staff visits. The analysis needs to consider the current high-enriched uranium (HEU) core and 4 core configurations containing 1 and 2 LEU LTAs in various core positions. Calculations have been performed at ANL in support of the LTA irradiation. These calculations are summarized in this report and include criticality, burn-up, neutronics parameters, steady-state thermal hydraulics, and postulated transients. These calculations have been performed at the request of the IAE staff, who are performing similar calculations to be used in their SAR amendment submittal to the PAA. The ANL analysis has been performed independently from that being performed by IAE and should only be used as one step in the verification process.« less

Greece

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2013-04-17

... within the total column of the atmosphere are indicated by green, yellow or orange pixels, and clearer skies are indicated by purple and ... Maria Kanakidou and Nikos Mihalopoulos, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece. Other formats ...

Center for Science and Technology Policy Research

Science.gov Websites

Expect Surprise: Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, Maria, and Beyond Ten Essentials for Action-Oriented and Second Goldstein Bruce Goldstein Ten Essentials for Action-Oriented and Second Order Energy Transitions

Healthy Recipe of the Week

MedlinePlus

... Cake 50 minutes Tropical Fruit Compote 35 minutes Chicken Stew 65 minutes Empanapita 20 minutes Turkey Meatloaf ... minutes Maria's Veggie Wrap 30 minutes Asian-Style Chicken Wraps 35 minutes Pasta Primavera 25 minutes Zesty ...

Sequential Quadratic Programming Algorithms for Optimization

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-08-01

quadratic program- ma ng (SQ(2l ) aIiatain.seenis to be relgarded aIs tie( buest choice for the solution of smiall. dlense problema (see S tour L)toS...For the step along d, note that a < nOing + 3 szH + i3.ninA A a K f~Iz,;nd and from Id1 _< ,,, we must have that for some /3 , np , 11P11 < dn"p. 5.2...Nevertheless, many of these problems are considered hard to solve. Moreover, for some of these problems the assumptions made in Chapter 2 to establish the

Grimaldi, Francesco Maria (1618-63)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Murdin, P.

2000-11-01

Italian astronomer and optician, born in Bologna, became a Jesuit. Prepared a map of the Moon that Riccioli used to assign the currently used names to its principal features. Discovered diffraction of light at small apertures....

Dynamic study of the upper Sao Francisco River and the Tres Marias reservoir using MSS/LANDSAT images. [Brazil

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dejesusparada, N. (Principal Investigator); Sausen, T. M.

1981-01-01

The use of LANDSAT multispectral ban scanner imagery to verify the relationship between the behavior of the Tres Marias reservoir and the dynamics of the Sao Francisco River supply basin is described. The dispersion of suspended sediments and their concentration in the surface layers of the water are considered. A five year survey of the region during both dry and rainy seasons was performed. The drainage network was analyzed based on the patterns of dessication, water rises and soil use in the supply basin. Surface layers of the reservoir were tabulated as a function of the levels of gray in the imagery. In situ observations of water depth and reflectance were performed. Ground truth and LANDSAT data were correlated to determine the factors affecting the dynamics of the supply basin.

Was Maria de' Medici a diabetic patient?

PubMed

de Leeuw, I

2009-06-01

Queen Maria de' Medici (1573-1642) died in a miserable, marasmic state. Infections, gangrene, weight loss, fatigue and respiratory problems suggest a progressive decompensation of a previously existing Type 2 diabetes. The lack of biochemical data, however, permits only circumstantial evidence of this hypothesis. The author proposes that the queen developed subclinical diabetes after the age of 45, when she became obese due to excessive eating and lack of exercise. With a clear familial predisposition, she could have become insulin resistant and chronically hyperglycaemic. The presence of an internal deviation of the left eye, visible on several late portraits, suggests a mononeuropathy of cranial nerve VI. Repeated skin infections and gangrene of the lower limbs during the last month of her life complete the clinical diagnosis. Hyperglycaemic ketosis with Kussmaul respiration without adequate treatment may have caused her death.

The moon in heiligenschein

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wildey, R.L.

1978-01-01

An analysis of 25 photometric digital images of the moon has been carried out to obtain a single image in a new mapping parameter, the Heiligenschein exponent. The data necessarily represent a range of lunar phases, but all are within 10 hours of full moon. The new parameter characterizes the rate at which lunar features brighten as their local phase angles approach zero. Although considerable contrast is present in this parameter, there is only a small correlation with normal albedo. In particular, the large albedo difference between maria and highlands is not simply reflected in Heiligenschein differences, which are larger within each category of terrain than the difference between the Heiligenschein averages of each. A correlation with age may be present in both the maria and the highlands, but its determination will require separation into distinct geochemical provinces. Copyright ?? 1978 AAAS.

Progressive deformation and superposed fabrics related to Cretaceous crustal underthrusting in western Arizona, U.S.A.

USGS Publications Warehouse

Laubach, S.E.; Reynolds, S.J.; Spencer, J.E.; Marshak, S.

1989-01-01

In the Maria fold and thrust belt, a newly recognized E-trending Cretaceous orogenic belt in the southwestern United States, ductile thrusts, large folds and superposed cleavages record discordant emplacement of crystalline thrust sheets across previously tilted sections of crust. Style of deformation and direction of thrusting are in sharp contrast to those of the foreland fold-thrust belt in adjacent segments of the Cordillera. The net effect of polyphase deformation in the Maria belt was underthrusting of Paleozoic and Mesozoic metasedimentary rocks under the Proterozoic crystalline basement of North America. The structure of the Maria belt is illustrated by the Granite Wash Mountains in west-central Arizona, where at least four non-coaxial deformation events (D1-D4) occurred during the Cretaceous. SSE-facing D1 folds are associated with S-directed thrusts and a low-grade slaty cleavage. D1 structures are truncated by the gently-dipping Hercules thrust zone (D2), a regional SW-vergent shear zone that placed Proterozoic and Jurassic crystalline rocks over upturned Paleozoic and Mesozoic supracrustal rocks. Exposures across the footwall margin of the Hercules thrust zone show the progressive development of folds, cleavage and metamorphism related to thrusting. D3 and D4 structures include open folds and spaced cleavages that refold or transect D1 and D2 folds. The D2 Hercules thrust zone and a D3 shear zone are discordantly crosscut by late Cretaceous plutons. ?? 1989.

Comparison between the fluid characteristics of the Rodalquilar and two neighbouring epithermal gold deposits in Spain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sänger-von Oepen, P.; Friedrich, G.; Kisters, A.

1990-12-01

The operating Rodalquilar gold deposit and the abandoned Triunfo and Maria Josefa gold mines are located within the Sierra del Cabo de Gata volcanic field some 40 km east of Almeria in SE Spain. While the gold mineralization at Rodalquilar is mainly controlled by caldera-tectonics, vein structures at Triunfo and Maria Josefa are not. Wall-rock alteration at Triunfo and Maria Josefa is characterized by argillic alteration (illite/sericite, kaolinite). The alteration zonation around the gold-mineralized vein structures at Rodalquilar ranges from advanced argillic alteration (porous quartz, alunite, pyrophyllite, dickite) over argillic alteration into a regionally developed propylitization. Fluid inclusion studies from all three mines indicate that gold was deposited from low-salinity fluids (2 5 wt.% NaCl equivalent) between 170° and 250 °C. However, the hydrothermal system at Rodalquilar was fed by a second fluid source. High-salinity, halite and/or sylvite-bearing, liquid-rich, and vapour-dominated, CO2-bearing fluid inclusions are assumed to be of magmatic origin. High sulfidation ore mineral assemblages at depth (covellite, enargite, tennantite) and part of the advanced argillic alteration can be related to these fluids. Thus, part of those features which attribute the Rodalquilar gold deposit to the acid-sulfate or high sulfidation type of epithermal gold deposits, stem from magmatically derived fluids which are typical for a porphyry environment, whereas gold mineralization at all three localities is associated with low-salinity fluids, probably of marine origin.

Lava flows in mare imbrium: An evaluation of anomalously low earth-based radar reflectivity

USGS Publications Warehouse

Schaber, G.G.; Thompson, T.W.; Zisk, S.H.

1975-01-01

The lunar maria reflect two to five times less Earth-based radar power than the highlands, the spectrally blue maria surfaces returning the lowest power levels. This effect of weakening signal return has been attributed to increased signal absorption related to the electrical and magnetic characteristics of the mineral ilmenite (FeTiO3). The surface of Mare Imbrium contains some of the most distinct red-blue colorimetric boundaries and depolarized 70 cm wavelength reflectivity variations on the near side of the Moon. The weakest levels of both 3.8 cm and 70 cm reflectivity within Imbrium are confined to regional mare surfaces of the blue spectral type that can be recognized as stratigraphically unique flow surfaces. Frequency distributions of the 70 cm polarized and depolarized radar return power for five mare surfaces within the basin indicate that signal absorption, and probably the ilmenite content, increases generally from the beginning of the Imbrian Period to the end of the Eratosthenian Period with slight reversal between the end of the Imbrian and beginning of the Eratosthenian. TiO2 calibrated radar reflectivity curves can be utilized for lunar maria geochemical mapping in the same manner as the TiO2 calibrated spectral reflectivity curves of Charette et al. (1974). The long wavelength radar data may be a sensitive indicator of mare chemical variations as it is unaffected by the normal surface rock clutter that includes ray materials from large impact craters. ?? 1975 D. Reidel Publishing Company.

Tolstoy, Vygotsky, and the Making of Meaning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berthoff, Ann E.

1978-01-01

Leo Tolstoy and Lev Vygotsky, like Sylvia Ashton-Warner, Maria Montessori, and Paulo Freire, base their educational philosophies on the heuristic power of language, the form-finding, and form-creating powers of the human mind. (DD)

27 CFR 9.28 - Santa Maria Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... locally as Clark Road) intersects; Thence northerly along U.S. 101 to a point where it intersects with... westerly direction along the unnamed road (known locally as Clark Road) to the point of beginning. [T.D...

Geological mapping of the moon

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Markov, M. S.; Sukhanov, A. L.; Trifonov, V. G.; Florenskiy, P. V.; Shkerin, L. M.

1974-01-01

Compilation and labelling of geological and morphological charts on a scale of 1:1,000,000 are discussed with emphasis on the regions of Maria Tranquilitatis, Crisium, Fecunditatis, Humorum and Nukium as well as certain prominent craters.

Genetics Home Reference: multiple familial trichoepithelioma

MedlinePlus

... 13. Citation on PubMed Bowen S, Gill M, Lee DA, Fisher G, Geronemus RG, Vazquez ME, Celebi JT. ... Fernandez-Figueras, Maria Tereza]. Citation on PubMed Lee DA, Grossman ME, Schneiderman P, Celebi JT. Genetics of ...

NREL Scientist Maria Ghirardi Named AAAS Fellow | News | NREL

Science.gov Websites

extreme sensitivity of the hydrogenase enzyme to oxygen, one of the byproducts of photosynthesis. Ghirardi pathways in photosynthesis, and in deconvoluting the metabolic partners of a crucial redox enzyme

Reiche, Maria (1903-98)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Murdin, P.

2000-11-01

German mathematician and archaeologist, born Dresden, fled the Nazi regime to Peru, identified and researched the huge figures of Nazca drawn in the desert and revealed the knowledge of astronomy of the ancient inhabitants of Peru's coastal region....

A new species of Acanthobothrium (Eucestoda: Onchobothriidae) in Aetobatus cf. narinari (Myliobatidae) from Campeche, México.

PubMed

Rodríguez-Ibarra, Erick; Pulido-Flores, Griselda; Violante-González, Juan; Monks, Scott

2018-01-01

The helminthological examination of nine individuals of Aetobatus cf. narinari (spotted eagle ray; raya pinta; arraia pintada) revealed the presence of an undescribed species of cestode of the genus Acanthobothrium. The stingrays were collected from four locations in México: Laguna Términos, south of Isla del Carmen and the marine waters north of Isla del Carmen and Champotón, in the State of Campeche, and Isla Holbox, State of Quintana Roo. The new species, nominated Acanthobothrium marquesi, is a category 3 species (i.e, the strobila is long, has more than 50 proglottids, the numerous testicles greater than 80, and has asymmetrically-lobed ovaries); at the present, the only category 3 species that has been reported in the Western Atlantic Ocean is Acanthobothrium tortum. Acanthobothrium marquesi n. sp. can be distinguished from A. tortum by length (26.1 cm vs. 10.6 cm), greater number of proglottids (1,549 vs. 656), a larger scolex (707 µm long by 872 µm wide vs. 699 µm long by 665 µm wide), larger bothridia (626 µm long by 274 µm wide vs. 563 µm long by 238 µm wide). This is the first report of a species of Acanthobothrium from the Mexican coast of the Gulf México.

How Far into Europe Did Pikas (Lagomorpha: Ochotonidae) Go during the Pleistocene? New Evidence from Central Iberia

PubMed Central

Laplana, César; Sevilla, Paloma; Arsuaga, Juan Luis; Arriaza, Mari Carmen; Baquedano, Enrique; Pérez-González, Alfredo

2015-01-01

This paper reports the first find of pika remains in the Iberian Peninsula, at a site in central Spain. A fragmented mandible of Ochotona cf. pusilla was unearthed from Layer 3 (deposited some 63.4±5.5 ka ago as determined by thermoluminescence) of the Buena Pinta Cave. This record establishes new limits for the genus geographic distribution during the Pleistocene, shifting the previous edge of its known range southwest by some 500 km. It also supports the idea that, even though Europe’s alpine mountain ranges represented a barrier that prevented the dispersal into the south to this and other taxa of small mammals from central and eastern Europe, they were crossed or circumvented at the coldest time intervals of the end of the Middle Pleistocene and of the Late Pleistocene. During those periods both the reduction of the forest cover and the emersion of large areas of the continental shelf due to the drop of the sea level probably provided these species a way to surpass this barrier. The pika mandible was found accompanying the remains of other small mammals adapted to cold climates, indicating the presence of steppe environments in central Iberia during the Late Pleistocene. PMID:26535576

Heterologous amplification and characterization of microsatellite markers in the Neotropical fish Leporinus friderici.

PubMed

Olivatti, A M; Boni, T A; Silva-Júnior, N J; Resende, L V; Gouveia, F O; Telles, M P C

2011-01-01

Leporinus friderici, native to the Amazon Basin and popularly known as "piau-três-pintas", has great ecological and economic importance; it is widely fished and consumed throughout much of tropical South America. Knowledge of the genetic diversity of this native species is important to support management and conservation programs. We evaluated microsatellite loci amplification, using heterologous primers, in 31 individuals of L. friderici. These samples were collected from natural populations of the Araguaia River basin, in central Brazil, and the DNA was extracted from samples of muscle tissue. Eight loci were successfully analyzed. Six of them were polymorphic, and the number of alleles ranged from three to 10. Values of expected heterozygosities for these polymorphic loci ranged from 0.488 to 0.795. Exclusion probability (0.983), the identity probability (0.000073), and the mean genetic diversity values were high, showing that these microsatellite markers are suitable for assessing the genetic variability of L. friderici populations. There is a growing interest in studies that evaluate the genetic variability of natural populations for various purposes, such as conservation. Here, we showed that a viable alternative to the costly development of specific primers for fish populations is simply testing for heterologous amplification of microsatellite markers available from research on other species.

Water Vapor Transport Over the Tropical Oceans During ENSO as Diagnosed from TRMM and SSM/I Data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Robertson, Franklin R.; Smith, Eric A.; Sohn, Byung-Ju

2000-01-01

Traditionally, large-scale water vapor transport [div Q] has been derived directly from circulation statistics in which transport processes are often depicted by mean and eddy motions. Thus detailed and accurate calculations of moisture transport terms over the globe are required. Notably, the lack of systematically spaced conventional measurements of meteorological variables over oceans has hindered understanding of the distribution and transport of water vapor. This motivates the use of indirect calculation methods in which horizontal divergence of water vapor is balanced by the evaporation minus precipitation, assuming the rate of changes of precipitable water and condensates is small over a sufficiently long time period. In order to obtain the water vapor transport, we need evaporation rate minus precipitation (E-P). Focussing on the differences in water vapor transport between El Nino and La Nina periods and their influences on atmospheric circulations, we study January, February, and March of 1998 and 1999 periods which represent El Nino and La Nina respectively. SSM/I-derived precipitation and evaporation rate from SSM/I wind and total precipitable water, in conjunction with NCEP SST and surface air temperature, are used for the calculation of the transport potential function. For the retrieval of evaporation we use a stability-dependent aerodynamic bulk scheme developed by Chou (1993). It was tested against aircraft covariance fluxes measured during cold air outbreaks over the North Atlantic Ocean. Chou et al. (1997) reported that the SSM/I retrieved latent heat flux over the western Pacific warm pool area were found to be comparable with daily mean fluxes of a ship measurements during TOGA/COARE.

Soil CO2 Flux in the Amargosa Desert, Nevada, during El Nino 1998 and La Nina 1999

USGS Publications Warehouse

Riggs, Alan C.; Stannard, David I.; Maestas, Florentino B.; Karlinger, Michael R.; Striegl, Robert G.

2009-01-01

Mean annual soil CO2 fluxes from normally bare mineral soil in the Amargosa Desert in southern Nevada, United States, measured with clear and opaque soil CO2-flux chambers (autochambers) were small - <5 millimoles per square meter per day - during both El Nino 1998 and La Nina 1999. The 1998 opaque-chamber flux exceeded 1999 opaque-chamber flux by an order of magnitude, whereas the 1998 clear-chamber flux exceeded 1999 clear-chamber flux by less than a factor of two. These data suggest that above-normal soil moisture stimulated increased metabolic activity, but that much of the extra CO2 produced was recaptured by plants. Fluxes from warm moist soil were the largest sustained fluxes measured, and their hourly pattern is consistent with enhanced soil metabolic activity at some depth in the soil and photosynthetic uptake of a substantial portion of the CO2 released. Flux from cool moist soil was smaller than flux from warm moist soil. Flux from hot dry soil was intermediate between warm-moist and cool-moist fluxes, and clear-chamber flux was more than double the opaque-chamber flux, apparently due to a chamber artifact stemming from a thermally controlled CO2 reservoir near the soil surface. There was no demonstrable metabolic contribution to the very small flux from cool dry soil, which was dominated by diffusive up-flux of CO2 from the water table and temperature-controlled CO2-reservoir up- and down-fluxes. These flux patterns suggest that transfer of CO2 across the land surface is a complex process that is difficult to accurately measure.

TOPEX/El Nino Watch - La Nina Still a 'cool' Problem Child, March 23, 2000

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

These TOPEX/Poseidon data, collected over the latest 10-day sampling cycle, March 1 to 11, 2000, show the La Nina condition still exists. The image of sea surface heights reflects unusual patterns of heat storage in the ocean. Sea-surface height is shown relative to normal height (green). The cooler water (blue and purple) measures between 8 and 24 centimeters (3 and 9 inches) lower than normal. The giant horseshoe of warmer water (red and white) continues to dominate the western Pacific with higher than normal sea-surface heights between 8 and 24 centimeters (3 and 9 inches).

This view of the oceans from TOPEX/Poseidon is an input to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) seasonal forecasts. The impacts of current ocean conditions in the Pacific for spring in the U.S., according to Dr. Ants Leetmaa, director of NOAA's Climate Prediction Center, imply drier than normal conditions for much of the southern half of the U.S. Leetmaa says the conditions also indicate above-normal rainfall in the Pacific northwest, and a warmer than normal U.S., except for the west coast where spring conditions will be near normal.

Scientists continue to debate whether this image hints at the presence of a large, longer lasting climate pattern, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. This long-term pattern that covers most of the Pacific Ocean has significant implications for global climate, especially over North America.

The U.S.-French TOPEX/Poseidon mission is managed JPL for the NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, Washington, D.C. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

Nitric oxide synthase modulates CFA-induced thermal hyperalgesia through cytokine regulation in mice.

PubMed

Chen, Yong; Boettger, Michael K; Reif, Andreas; Schmitt, Angelika; Uçeyler, Nurcan; Sommer, Claudia

2010-03-02

Although it has been largely demonstrated that nitric oxide synthase (NOS), a key enzyme for nitric oxide (NO) production, modulates inflammatory pain, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects remain to be clarified. Here we asked whether cytokines, which have well-described roles in inflammatory pain, are downstream targets of NO in inflammatory pain and which of the isoforms of NOS are involved in this process. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) pretreatment with 7-nitroindazole sodium salt (7-NINA, a selective neuronal NOS inhibitor), aminoguanidine hydrochloride (AG, a selective inducible NOS inhibitor), L-N(G)-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME, a non-selective NOS inhibitor), but not L-N(5)-(1-iminoethyl)-ornithine (L-NIO, a selective endothelial NOS inhibitor), significantly attenuated thermal hyperalgesia induced by intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed a significant increase of nNOS, iNOS, and eNOS gene expression, as well as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene expression in plantar skin, following CFA. Pretreatment with the NOS inhibitors prevented the CFA-induced increase of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-1beta. The increase of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was augmented in mice pretreated with 7-NINA or L-NAME, but reduced in mice receiving AG or L-NIO. NNOS-, iNOS- or eNOS-knockout (KO) mice had lower gene expression of TNF, IL-1beta, and IL-10 following CFA, overall corroborating the inhibitor data. These findings lead us to propose that inhibition of NOS modulates inflammatory thermal hyperalgesia by regulating cytokine expression.

A Simple, Inexpensive Device for Nucleic Acid Amplification without Electricity—Toward Instrument-Free Molecular Diagnostics in Low-Resource Settings

PubMed Central

LaBarre, Paul; Hawkins, Kenneth R.; Gerlach, Jay; Wilmoth, Jared; Beddoe, Andrew; Singleton, Jered; Boyle, David; Weigl, Bernhard

2011-01-01

Background Molecular assays targeted to nucleic acid (NA) markers are becoming increasingly important to medical diagnostics. However, these are typically confined to wealthy, developed countries; or, to the national reference laboratories of developing-world countries. There are many infectious diseases that are endemic in low-resource settings (LRS) where the lack of simple, instrument-free, NA diagnostic tests is a critical barrier to timely treatment. One of the primary barriers to the practicality and availability of NA assays in LRS has been the complexity and power requirements of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) instrumentation (another is sample preparation). Methodology/Principal Findings In this article, we investigate the hypothesis that an electricity-free heater based on exothermic chemical reactions and engineered phase change materials can successfully incubate isothermal NA amplification assays. We assess the heater's equivalence to commercially available PCR instruments through the characterization of the temperature profiles produced, and a minimal method comparison. Versions of the prototype for several different isothermal techniques are presented. Conclusions/Significance We demonstrate that an electricity-free heater based on exothermic chemical reactions and engineered phase change materials can successfully incubate isothermal NA amplification assays, and that the results of those assays are not significantly different from ones incubated in parallel in commercially available PCR instruments. These results clearly suggest the potential of the non-instrumented nucleic acid amplification (NINA) heater for molecular diagnostics in LRS. When combined with other innovations in development that eliminate power requirements for sample preparation, cold reagent storage, and readout, the NINA heater will comprise part of a kit that should enable electricity-free NA testing for many important analytes. PMID:21573065

Evolution of Tropical and Extratropical Precipitation Anomalies During the 1997 to 1999 ENSO Cycle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Curtis, Scott; Adler, Robert; Huffman, George; Nelkin, Eric; Bolvin, David; Einaudi, Franco (Technical Monitor)

2000-01-01

The 1997-1999 ENSO period was very powerful, but also well observed. Multiple satellite rainfall estimates combined with gauge observations allow for a quantitative analysis of precipitation anomalies in the tropics and elsewhere accompanying the 1997-99 ENSO cycle. An examination of the evolution of the El Nino and accompanying precipitation anomalies revealed that a dry Maritime Continent preceded the formation of positive SST anomalies in the eastern Pacific Ocean. 30-60 day oscillations in the winter of 1996/97 may have contributed to this lag relationship. Furthermore, westerly wind burst events may have maintained the drought over the Maritime Continent. The warming of the equatorial Pacific was then followed by an increase in convection. A rapid transition from El Nino to La Nina occurred in May 1998, but as early as October-November 1997 precipitation indices captured substantial changes in Pacific rainfall anomalies. The global precipitation patterns for this event were in good agreement with the strong consistent ENSO-related precipitation signals identified in earlier studies. Differences included a shift in precipitation anomalies over Africa during the 1997-98 El Nino and unusually wet conditions over northeast Australia during the later stages of the El Nino. Also, the typically wet region in the north tropical Pacific was mostly dry during the 1998-99 La Nina. Reanalysis precipitation was compared to observations during this time period and substantial differences were noted. In particular, the model had a bias towards positive precipitation anomalies and the magnitudes of the anomalies in the equatorial Pacific were small compared to the observations. Also, the evolution of the precipitation field, including the drying of the Maritime Continent and eastward progression of rainfall in the equatorial Pacific was less pronounced for the model compared to the observations.

Spatial Distribution and Characteristics of Graben on the Lunar Nearside

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nahm, Amanda

2016-04-01

Faults and fractures are visible records of the stresses operating on and in planetary bodies. On the Moon, tectonic structures are concentrated on the nearside and are spatially associated with the maria. Large-scale graben may be the oldest tectonic structures on the Moon, with current estimates suggesting cessation of normal faulting around 3.6 Ga [e.g., 1, 2]. However, recent work [3] has found that normal faulting at Rupes Recta is younger than 3.2 Ga, indicating that the timing of graben formation and extensional tectonics on the Moon may be less well constrained than previously thought. Mapping of graben on the lunar nearside (270° to 90° E, 70°N to 70°S) at a scale of 1:500,000 has been completed, a significant improvement over earlier maps produced using low resolution pre-Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) data at scales of 1:5 million and 1:1 million. Based on map view morphology, the mapped graben have been divided into 4 categories: arcuate graben, graben in floor fractured craters, lineaments, and linear graben. The general graben morphology is similar for 3 of the groups: steep walls, relatively flat floors, and resolvable (near constant) widths. However the map view morphology differs in detail; linear graben are roughly linear, while arcuate graben are highly curved along their length and often are concentric to basin margins. Floor fractured craters (FFC) are craters with floors cut by radial, concentric, and/or polygonal fractures and mapped graben that occur within these craters are classified here as graben in FFC. Lineaments are defined here as structures that may follow the trends of identified graben in the area, but are narrow, shallow, V-shaped depressions. These lineaments may not be graben, but are likely to have formed in a similar stress field. Generally, mapped graben are concentrated near the margins of the nearside maria as observed previously, but some structures have been mapped within the maria or in the highlands far from mare margins. In some places within and on the margins of the maria, graben are observed to cut 'highland islands,' that is, graben cut older highland terrain but not mare. This observation indicates that graben in these locations are younger than the highland material but older than the maria, providing a means with which to constrain the timing of faulting, critical for understanding the temporal distribution and evolution of stresses on the lunar nearside. In addition, these observations will help determine the source(s) of stress responsible for the formation of graben on the lunar nearside. References: [1] Lucchitta and Watkins (1978), Proc. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. 9, 3459-3472. [2] Watters and Johnson (2010), in Planetary Tectonics, pp. 121-182, Cambridge University Press. [3] Nahm and Schultz (2013), Geol. Soc. Sp. Pub. 401, 377-394.

Portuguese nursing: history of the life and activism of Maria Augusta Sousa.

PubMed

Almeida, Deybson Borba de; Silva, Gilberto Tadeu Reis da; Queirós, Paulo Joaquim Pina; Freitas, Genival Fernandes de; Laitano, Aline Di Carla; Almeida, Sirléia de Sousa; Santos, Victor Porfirio Ferreira Almeida

2016-01-01

To analyze the history of the life and activism of Portuguese nurse Maria Augusta Sousa. Sousa's life story was obtained by means of semi-structured interview swith Sousa as the oral source of data. NVivo qualitative research software was used for data analysis. Content analysis focused on thematic analysis based on the theoretical and philosophical ideas of Michel Foucault, in particular, power and techniques of the self. Alienation and political participation were revealed as pertinent issues. In techniques of production of activist subjects, the following were highlighted: the importance of the review of formal education; actions of involvement with the world, society and the profession; and finally, techniques of the self, techniques of constitution of activist subjects, professional identity and way of being. The constitution of the nurse Maria Augusta Sousa as an activist came about through questioning of how to be, education in the context of her family, and political engagement in Catholic Youth. This impacted her trajectory of contributions to Portuguese nursing, as expressed in the following achievements: the integration of nursing training into higher education; the creation of the Regulation of Nurses Professional Practice; and implementation of the Order of Nurses. Analisar a história de vida e militância da enfermeira Maria Augusta Sousa. História de vida, tendo como fonte oral a entrevista semiestruturada. Na análise de dados utilizou-se do software de pesquisa qualitativa Nvivo, e a análise de conteúdo com foco na análise temática e com base teórico-filosófica de Michel Foucault, em especial, o poder e as técnicas de si. Evidenciaram-se a alienação e a participação política comoquestões pertinentes. Nas técnicas de produção de sujeitos militantes destacam-se a importânciada revisão da educação formal, dos atos de implicação com o mundo, a sociedade e a profissão, e por fim, as técnicas de si, técnicas de constituição de sujeitos militantes, a identidade profissional e o modo de ser. A constituição da enfermeira Maria Augusta Sousa como militante acontece por questões do modo de ser, da educação familiar e do seu engajamento político na Juventude Católica, que repercutiu em uma trajetória de contribuição para enfermagem portuguesa, expressa nas seguintes conquistas: a integração do Ensino de Enfermagem no Ensino Superior, a criação do Regulamento do Exercício Profissional de Enfermagem e a implantação da Ordem dos Enfermeiros.

Maria's Veggie Wrap

MedlinePlus

... source of fiber. Ingredients 1 medium red bell pepper, seeded and sliced 1 medium yellow pepper, seeded and sliced 1 onion, sliced 1 tsp ... Salsa Directions In a nonstick pan, sauté the peppers and onion in the canola oil for 5 ...

6. VIEW OF SPILLWAY TIMBERS AND WATER CONTROL BOX, SHOWING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. VIEW OF SPILLWAY TIMBERS AND WATER CONTROL BOX, SHOWING WATER CONTROL BOX WITH LOWERED LAKE LEVEL - Three Bears Lake & Dams, Water Control Box, North of Marias Pass, East Glacier Park, Glacier County, MT

Administrative Relief for Grantees impacted by Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

On October 26, 2017, the Office of Management and Budget issued the attached memorandum, Administrative Relief for Grantees impacted by Hurricanes, to provide Federal agencies with flexibility to assist their grant applicants and recipients.

The Texas-Indiana Virtual STAR Center: Zebrafish Models for Developmental Toxicity Screening

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The Texas-Indiana Virtual STAR Center: Zebrafish Models for Developmental Toxicity Screening (Presented by Maria Bondesson Bolin, Ph.D, University of Houston, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling) (3/22/2012)

3. AERIAL VIEW OF THREE BEARS LAKE, SHOWING OUTLET STREAM, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. AERIAL VIEW OF THREE BEARS LAKE, SHOWING OUTLET STREAM, BURLINGTON NORTHERN TRACKS, AND U.S. HIGHWAY 2, LOOKING NORTHEAST - Three Bears Lake & Dams, North of Marias Pass, East Glacier Park, Glacier County, MT

12. CLOSEUP VIEW OF CROSS SECTION OF SPILLWAY FIFTY FEET ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. CLOSE-UP VIEW OF CROSS SECTION OF SPILLWAY FIFTY FEET FROM LAKESHORE, SHOWING REMAINS OF SPILLWAY TIMBERS, LOOKING WEST - Three Bears Lake & Dams, North of Marias Pass, East Glacier Park, Glacier County, MT

Neutronic safety parameters and transient analyses for Poland's MARIA research reactor.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bretscher, M. M.; Hanan, N. A.; Matos, J. E.

1999-09-27

Reactor kinetic parameters, reactivity feedback coefficients, and control rod reactivity worths have been calculated for the MARIA Research Reactor (Swierk, Poland) for M6-type fuel assemblies with {sup 235}U enrichments of 80% and 19.7%. Kinetic parameters were evaluated for family-dependent effective delayed neutron fractions, decay constants, and prompt neutron lifetimes and neutron generation times. Reactivity feedback coefficients were determined for fuel Doppler coefficients, coolant (H{sub 2}O) void and temperature coefficients, and for in-core and ex-core beryllium temperature coefficients. Total and differential control rod worths and safety rod worths were calculated for each fuel type. These parameters were used to calculate genericmore » transients for fast and slow reactivity insertions with both HEU and LEU fuels. The analyses show that the HEU and LEU cores have very similar responses to these transients.« less

Extreme Precipitation, Public Health Emergencies, and Safe Drinking Water in the USA.

PubMed

Exum, Natalie G; Betanzo, Elin; Schwab, Kellogg J; Chen, Thomas Y J; Guikema, Seth; Harvey, David E

2018-06-01

This review examines the effectiveness of drinking water regulations to inform public health during extreme precipitation events. This paper estimates the vulnerability of specific populations to flooding in their public water system, reviews the literature linking precipitation to waterborne outbreaks, examines the role that Safe Drinking Water Act and Public Notification (PN) Rule have in public health emergencies, and reviews the effectiveness of the PN Rule during the 2017 Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico. Public water systems in large metropolitan areas have substantial portions of their customer base at risk for a waterborne outbreak during a flooding event. The PN Rule are ambiguous for who is responsible for declaring a "waterborne emergency" following a natural disaster like Hurricane Maria. Revisions to the current PN Rule that mandate public notification and water quality sampling during extreme precipitation events are necessary to ensure the public is aware of their drinking water quality following these events.

Evaluation of ground-water quality in the Santa Maria Valley, California

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hughes, Jerry L.

1977-01-01

The quality and quantity of recharge to the Santa Maria Valley, Calif., ground-water basin from natural sources, point sources, and agriculture are expressed in terms of a hydrologic budget, a solute balance, and maps showing the distribution of select chemical constituents. Point sources includes a sugar-beet refinery, oil refineries, stockyards, golf courses, poultry farms, solid-waste landfills, and municipal and industrial wastewater-treatment facilities. Pumpage has exceeded recharge by about 10,000 acre-feet per year. The result is a declining potentiometric surface with an accumulation of solutes and an increase in nitrogen in ground water. Nitrogen concentrations have reached as much as 50 milligrams per liter. In comparison to the solutes from irrigation return, natural recharge, and rain, discharge of wastewater from municipal and industrial wastewater-treatment facilities contributes less than 10 percent. The quality of treated wastewater is often lower in select chemical constituents than the receiving water. (Woodard-USGS)

KIC 8462852: Maria Mitchell Observatory Photographic Photometry 1922 to 1991

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Castelaz, M.; Barker, T.

2018-06-01

A new study of the long-term photometric behavior of the the unusual star KIC 8462852 (Boyajian's Star) has been carried out using archival photographic plates from 1922ñ1991 taken at the Maria Mitchell Observatory (MMO). We find five episodes of sudden, several day, decreases in magnitude occurring in 1935, 1966, 1978, and two in 1980. Episodes of sudden increase in magnitude appear to occur in 1967 and 1977. Inspection of archival light curves of KIC 8462852 from two previous studies based on the Harvard and the Sonneberg plate collections finds apparent corresponding events to these observed episodes in the MMO light curve. Also, a general trend of 0.12 ± 0.02 magnitude per century decrease is observed in the MMO light curve, significant, but less than the trend of 0.164 ± 0.013 observed in the Harvard light curve.

Maria Cecília Puntel de Almeida: builder of bridges between Nursing and Public Health in Brazil.

PubMed

Scochi, Maria José; Mishima, Silvana Martins; Peduzzi, Marina

2015-12-01

Professor Maria Cecília Puntel de Almeida (1944-2009) built a professional and academic career of which the main feature was her attempt to create and strengthen the interface between Nursing and Public Health in Brazil. From the beginning of her career she recognized this connection and understood the complexity of health problems and peoples' needs when seeking care. Her commitment took the form of both scientific output and also her contributions to the various fields in which she worked. As well as her contribution to the concept of the work process of nursing, she contributed to thinking on health practices and multi-professional training in the construction of a differentiated body of knowledge, which she approached from the perspective of the struggle for democracy in health and understanding of this as a right of citizenship.

Finding relief in the aftermath of Hurricane Maria: A patient’s journey from Puerto Rico to the National Institutes of Health | Center for Cancer Research

Cancer.gov

Jesus Garces-Soto and his wife, Lyssette Santiago, never expected to travel from Puerto Rico to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland. On the same day that Hurricane Maria, a storm with 150-mile-per-hour winds, made direct landfall on Puerto Rico in 2017, Garces-Soto needed to seek treatment for an infection related to bladder cancer. Destruction from the hurricane took out the hospital’s electricity, and with no generator, it was difficult to provide adequate care. With help from members of the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute, Garces-Soto and Santiago were flown to NIH where Garces-Soto is receiving care from Andrea Apolo, M.D., Investigator and Lasker Clinical Research Scholar in the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch. Read more...

Progress Towards Spectroscopic Diagnostics of Plasma Parameters and Neutral Dynamics in Helicon Plasmas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Green, Jonathan; Schmitz, Oliver; Severn, Greg; van Ruremonde, Lars; Winters, Victoria

2017-10-01

The MARIA device at the UW-Madison is used primarily to investigate the dynamics and fueling of neutral particles in helicon discharges. A new systematic method is in development to measure key plasma and neutral particle parameters by spectroscopic methods. The setup relies on spectroscopic line ratios for investigating basic plasma parameters and extrapolation to other states using a collisional radiative model. Active pumping using a Nd:YAG pumped dye laser is used to benchmark and correct the underlying atomic data for the collisional radiative model. First results show a matching linear dependence between electron density and laser induced fluorescence on the magnetic field above 500G. This linear dependence agrees with the helicon dispersion relation and implies MARIA can reliably support the helicon mode and support future measurements. This work was funded by the NSF CAREER award PHY-1455210.

Evaluation of SIR-A (Shuttle Imaging Radar) images from the Tres Marias region (Minas Gerais State, Brazil) using derived spatial features and registration with MSS-LANDSAT images

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Parada, N. D. J. (Principal Investigator); Kux, H. J. H.; Dutra, L. V.

1984-01-01

Two image processing experiments are described using a MSS-LANDSAT scene from the Tres Marias region and a shuttle Imaging Radar SIR-A image digitized by a vidicon scanner. In the first experiment the study area is analyzed using the original and preprocessed SIR-A image data. The following thematic classes are obtained: (1) water, (2) dense savanna vegetation, (3) sparse savanna vegetation, (4) reforestation areas and (5) bare soil areas. In the second experiment, the SIR-A image was registered together with MSS-LANDSAT bands five, six, and seven. The same five classes mentioned above are obtained. These results are compared with those obtained using solely MSS-LANDSAT data. The spatial information as well as coregistered SIR-A and MSS-LANDSAT data can increase the separability between classes, as compared to the use of raw SIR-A data solely.

Metal concentrations in demersal fish species from Santa Maria Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico (Pacific coast).

PubMed

Jonathan, M P; Aurioles-Gamboa, David; Villegas, Lorena Elizabeth Campos; Bohórquez-Herrera, Jimena; Hernández-Camacho, Claudia J; Sujitha, S B

2015-10-15

Concentrations of 11 trace metals (Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Co, Pb, Zn, Cd, As, Hg) in 40 fish species from Santa Maria Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico, the strategically important area for marine mammals and organisms were analyzed. Based on their concentrations the ranking of metals Fe>Zn>Ni>Cr>Mn>Pb>Cu>Co>As>Cd>Hg suggests that organism size, metabolism and feeding habits are correlated with metal concentrations. Local geological formations affect the concentrations of different metals in the aquatic environment and are subsequently transferred to fishes. The correlation analysis suggests that metabolism and nurturing habits impact the concentration of metals. Concentrations of Fe and Mn appear to be influenced by scavenging and absorption processes, which vary by species. The considerable variability in the metal concentrations obtained in different species underscores the importance of regular monitoring. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Dynamic study of the upper Sao Francisco river and Tres Marias reservoir using MSS/LANDSAT images. M.S. Thesis; [BRazil

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dejesusparada, N. (Principal Investigator); Sausen, T. M.

1981-01-01

The relationship between the dispersion and concentration of sediment in the superficial layers of the Tres Marias reservoir and the dynamics of the drainage basins of its tributaries was verified using LANDSAT MSS imagery. The drainage network, dissection patterns, and land use of each watershed were considered in an analysis of multispectral images, corresponding to bands 4,5, and 7, of dry and rainy seasons in 1973, 1975, 1977, and 1978. The superficial layer water layers of the reservoir were also divided according to the grey level pattern of each image. Two field trips were made to collect Secchi depths and in situ water reflectance. It is concluded that it is possible to determine the main factors that act in the dynamics of the drainage basins of a reservoir by simultaneous control of the physical variables and the antropic action of each basin.

Conflicting patterns of DNA barcoding and taxonomy in the cicada genus Tettigettalna from Southern Europe (Hemiptera: Cicadidae).

PubMed

Nunes, Vera L; Mendes, Raquel; Marabuto, Eduardo; Novais, Bruno M; Hertach, Thomas; Quartau, José A; Seabra, Sofia G; Paulo, Octávio S; Simões, Paula C

2014-01-01

DNA barcodes have great potential to assist in species identification, especially when high taxonomical expertise is required. We investigated the utility of the 5' mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) region to discriminate between 13 European cicada species. These included all nine species currently recognized under the genus Tettigettalna, from which seven are endemic to the southern Iberian Peninsula. These cicadas have species-specific male calling songs but are morphologically very similar. Mean COI divergence between congeners ranged from 0.4% to 10.6%, but this gene was proven insufficient to determine species limits within genus Tettigettalna because a barcoding gap was absent for several of its species, that is, the highest intraspecific distance exceeded the lowest interspecific distance. The genetic data conflicted with current taxonomic classification for T. argentata and T. mariae. Neighbour-joining and Bayesian analyses revealed that T. argentata is geographically structured (clades North and South) and might constitute a species complex together with T. aneabi and T. mariae. The latter diverges very little from the southern clade of T. argentata and shares with it its most common haplotype. T. mariae is often in sympatry with T. argentata but it remains unclear whether introgression or incomplete lineage sorting may be responsible for the sharing of haplotypes. T. helianthemi and T. defauti also show high intraspecific variation that might signal hidden cryptic diversity. These taxonomic conflicts must be re-evaluated with further studies using additional genes and extensive morphological and acoustic analyses. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Palaeomagnetic directions of the volcanic rocks from Gramado Xavier, Rio Grande do Sul State, South Brazil: implications for time duration of the volcanic activity.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Raposo, M. I. B.; Canon-Tapia, E.; Guimarães, L. F.; Janasi, V. A.

2015-12-01

The magmatism in the LIP Paraná-Etendeka comprises basic and acid rocks. On the Paraná side, these rocks are basalt tholeiitic with high (>2%) and low TiO2 content, and dacites, rhyodacites, rhyolites and quartz latites forming the acid types Chapecó and Palmas. The volcanic acid Palmas are found in the South part of Brazil, and based on TiO2 and P2O5 contents are subdivided into Caxias do Sul, Santa Maria, Anita Garibaldi, Jacuí, Clevelândia and Barros Cassal units. In the studied region, the first stratigraphic sequence is low TiO2 basalt followed by Caxias do Sul, Barros Cassal and Santa Maria on top. We sampled all these units in the Gramado Xavier (Rio Grande do Sul State, South Brazil) region. To determine the mean magnetization directions of each site, samples were demagnetized by both thermal and AF techniques. The results show that the basalt flows recorded both normal and reverse polarities of the geomagnetic field. All sites from Caxias do Sul registered an anomalous direction suggesting an excursion of the geomagnetic field. Sites from Barros Cassal present both normal and reverse polarities. All sites from Santa Maria unit show a reverse polarity of the geomagnetic field. The normal and reverse polarities recorded in the different units are similar indicating contemporaneity of the magmatic source. Due to the existence of only one reversal event, a short duration of volcanism is suspected.

Obesity and Fractures in Postmenopausal Women: A Primary-care Cross-Sectional Study at Santa Maria, Brazil.

PubMed

Copês, Rafaela Martinez; Comim, Fabio Vasconcellos; Langer, Felipe Welter; Codevilla, Antonio Aurelio da Silveira; Sartori, Giovani Ruviaro; de Oliveira, Cristina; Cocco, Aline Rubin; de Almeida, Adriana Maria; de Almeida, Luciana Leiria; Dal Osto, Léo Canterle; Compston, Juliet Elizabeth; Premaor, Melissa Orlandin

2015-01-01

Obesity and osteoporosis are chronic disorders with increasing prevalence worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between obesity and fracture in postmenopausal women from Santa Maria, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was carried out at Santa Maria (parallel 29° south), Brazil. Postmenopausal women aged ≥55 yr who had at least 1 appointment at the primary care in the 2 years before the study were recruited from March 1, 2013 to August 31, 2013. The Global Longitudinal Study of Osteoporosis in Women study questionnaire was applied with permission of The Center for Outcomes Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School. Height and weight were measured according to the World Health Organization protocol. Bone fractures (excluding hand, feet, and head) that occurred after the age of 45 yr were considered as the outcome. Overall, 1057 women completed the study, of whom 984 had body mass index measured. The mean (standard deviation) age and body mass index of the women included in the study were 67.1 (7.6) yr and 29.2 (5.5) kg/m(2), respectively. The prevalence of fractures in obese and nonobese women was similar (17.3% vs 16.0%); 41.4% of all fractures occurred in obese women. Obese postmenopausal women make a substantial contribution to the overall burden of prevalent fractures in this population. Our results provide further evidence in support of the concept that obesity is not protective against fracture. Copyright © 2015 The International Society for Clinical Densitometry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Opportunity observations of the Burns formation: Crater hopping at Meridiani Planum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arvidson, R. E.; Bell, J. F., III; Catalano, J. G.; Clark, B. C.; Fox, V. K.; Gellert, R.; Grotzinger, J. P.; Guinness, E. A.; Herkenhoff, K. E.; Knoll, A. H.; Lapotre, M. G. A.; McLennan, S. M.; Ming, D. W.; Morris, R. V.; Murchie, S. L.; Powell, K. E.; Smith, M. D.; Squyres, S. W.; Wolff, M. J.; Wray, J. J.

2015-03-01

Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars hyperspectral (1.0-2.65 μm) along-track oversampled observations covering Victoria, Santa Maria, Endeavour, and Ada craters were processed to 6 m/pixel and used in combination with Opportunity observations to detect and map hydrated Mg and Ca sulfate minerals in the Burns formation. The strongest spectral absorption features were found to be associated with outcrops that are relatively young and fresh (Ada) or preferentially scoured of dust, soil, and coatings by prevailing winds. At Victoria and Santa Maria, the scoured areas are on the southeastern rims and walls, opposite to the sides where wind-blown sands extend out of the craters. At Endeavour, the deepest absorptions are in Botany Bay, a subdued and buried rim segment that exhibits high thermal inertias, extensive outcrops, and is interpreted to be a region of enhanced wind scour extending up and out of the crater. Ada, Victoria, and Santa Maria outcrops expose the upper portion of the preserved Burns formation and show spectral evidence for the presence of kieserite. In contrast, gypsum is pervasive spectrally in the Botany Bay exposures. Gypsum, a relatively insoluble evaporative mineral, is interpreted to have formed close to the contact with the Noachian crust as rising groundwaters brought brines close to and onto the surface, either as a direct precipitate or during later diagenesis. The presence of kieserite at the top of the section is hypothesized to reflect precipitation from evaporatively concentrated brines or dehydration of polyhydrated sulfates, in both scenarios as the aqueous environment evolved to very arid conditions.

Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Opportunity observations of the Burns formation: crater hopping at Meridiani Planum

USGS Publications Warehouse

R.E. Arvidson,; Bell, J.F.; Catalano, J.G.; Clark, B. C.; Fox, V.K.; Gellert, Ralf; Grotzinger, J.P.; Guinness, E.A.; Herkenhoff, Kenneth E.; Knoll, A.H.; Lapotre, M.G.A.; McLennan, S.M.; Ming, D. W.; Morris, R.V.; Murchie, S.L.; Powell, K. E.; Smith, M.D.; Squyres, S. W.; Wolff, M.J.; J.J. Wray,

2015-01-01

Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars hyperspectral (1.0–2.65 µm) along-track oversampled observations covering Victoria, Santa Maria, Endeavour, and Ada craters were processed to 6 m/pixel and used in combination with Opportunity observations to detect and map hydrated Mg and Ca sulfate minerals in the Burns formation. The strongest spectral absorption features were found to be associated with outcrops that are relatively young and fresh (Ada) or preferentially scoured of dust, soil, and coatings by prevailing winds. At Victoria and Santa Maria, the scoured areas are on the southeastern rims and walls, opposite to the sides where wind-blown sands extend out of the craters. At Endeavour, the deepest absorptions are in Botany Bay, a subdued and buried rim segment that exhibits high thermal inertias, extensive outcrops, and is interpreted to be a region of enhanced wind scour extending up and out of the crater. Ada, Victoria, and Santa Maria outcrops expose the upper portion of the preserved Burns formation and show spectral evidence for the presence of kieserite. In contrast, gypsum is pervasive spectrally in the Botany Bay exposures. Gypsum, a relatively insoluble evaporative mineral, is interpreted to have formed close to the contact with the Noachian crust as rising groundwaters brought brines close to and onto the surface, either as a direct precipitate or during later diagenesis. The presence of kieserite at the top of the section is hypothesized to reflect precipitation from evaporatively concentrated brines or dehydration of polyhydrated sulfates

Constancy, Distribution, and Frequency of Lepidoptera Defoliators of Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus urophylla (Myrtaceae) in Four Brazilian Regions.

PubMed

Ribeiro, G T; Zanuncio, J C; de S Tavares, W; de S Ramalho, F; Serrão, J E

2016-12-01

The growth of the Brazilian forest sector with monocultures favors the adaptation of Arthropoda pests. The Lepidoptera order includes major pests of Eucalyptus spp. (Myrtaceae). The aim of this work is to study the population constancy, distribution, and frequency of Lepidoptera primary pests of Eucalyptus spp. Lepidoptera pests in Eucalyptus spp. plantations were collected in Três Marias and Guanhães (state of Minas Gerais), Niquelândia (state of Goiás), and Monte Dourado (state of Pará), Brazil, for a period of 5 years, with light traps and captures, every 15 days, for every region. The number of primary pest species (12) has been similar in the four regions, and even with 1.5 to 2.4% of the total species collected, this group has shown a high frequency, especially in Três Marias, Niquelândia, and Monte Dourado, with 66.3, 54.2, and 40.0% of the individuals collected, respectively, for 5 years. The primary pest species have been constant and frequent in all the regions, with population peaks from February to September in Três Marias, February and May in Niquelândia, and from July to September in Monte Dourado. The highest population peaks of these species have been recorded when the Eucalyptus spp. plants are 3 to 6 years old. The Guanhães region is more stable and, therefore, has a lower possibility of outbreaks of the Lepidoptera primary pest species.

Mars Orbiter Sees Rover Opportunity at Crater Edge

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-01-04

NASA Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter acquired this image of the Opportunity rover on the southwest rim of Santa Maria crater on New Year Eve 2010. Opportunity is imaging the crater interior to better reveal the geometry of rock layers.

Puerto Rico Youth in the Environment RFA 2018

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA Region 2 is soliciting grant applications from eligible applicants for the development of projects in Puerto Rico for eligible post-Hurricane Maria restoration activities in the (1) Vieques Bioluminescent Mosquito Bay; and (2) San Juan Bay Estuary

Geophysicist picked to lead US National Science Board

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gwynne, Peter

2016-07-01

Maria Zuber, a planetary geophysicist who is vice-president for research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), US, has been elected chair of the country's National Science Board (NSB) - the body that oversees the National Science Foundation (NSF).

UNDERSTANDING PATHWAYS OF TOXICITY: MAKING SENSE OF CHANGING SIGNALS

EPA Science Inventory

Title:
Understanding Pathways of Toxicity: Making sense of changing signals
Authors & affiliations:
Sid Hunter, Maria Blanton, Edward Karoly, Ellen Rogers, Leonard Mole, Phillip Hartig, James Andrews. Reproductive Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Ef...

Learning from Our Mistakes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perkinson, Henry J.

1979-01-01

Discusses the theories of leading educational theorists of the twentieth century, including John Dewey, Jean Piaget, B. F. Skinner, Maria Montessori, Carl Rogers, and A. S. Neill, to show that they have shared a common theory--that of "learning from our mistakes." (GT)

4. DETAIL VIEW OF TRIPLE TONGUE AND GROOVE CRIBBING USED ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. DETAIL VIEW OF TRIPLE TONGUE AND GROOVE CRIBBING USED IN DAM CONSTRUCTION, NORTH EAST OF EAST DAM, LOOKING NORTH - Three Bears Lake & Dams, East Dam, North of Marias Pass, East Glacier Park, Glacier County, MT

7. CLOSEUP VIEW OF WASHED UP 12' x 12' DAM ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. CLOSE-UP VIEW OF WASHED UP 12' x 12' DAM SUPPORT TIMBERS, THREE BEARS LAKE, LOOKING NORTHEAST FROM SOUTH SIDE OF LAKE - Three Bears Lake & Dams, North of Marias Pass, East Glacier Park, Glacier County, MT

6. VIEW OF THREE BEARS LAKE, SHOWING WASHED UP 12' ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. VIEW OF THREE BEARS LAKE, SHOWING WASHED UP 12' x 12' DAM SUPPORT TIMBERS, LOOKING NORTHEAST FROM SOUTH SIDE OF LAKE - Three Bears Lake & Dams, North of Marias Pass, East Glacier Park, Glacier County, MT

Advanced Concepts and Methods of Approximate Reasoning

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-12-01

immeasurably by numerous conversations and discussions with Nadal Bat- tle, Hamid Berenji , Piero Bonissone, Bernadette Bouchon-Meunier, Miguel Delgado, Di...comments of Claudi Alsina, Hamid Berenji , Piero Bonissone, Didier Dubois, Francesc Esteva, Oscar Firschein, Marty Fischler, Pascal Fua, Maria Angeles

Women and Mathematics in the Time of Euler

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mayfield, Betty

2013-01-01

We explore mathematics written both by and for women in eighteenth-century Europe, and some of the interesting personalities involved: Maria Agnesi, Emilie du Chatelet, Laura Bassi, Princess Charlotte Ludovica Luisa, John Colson, Francesco Algarotti, and Leonhard Euler himself.

Response and legislative changes after the Kiss nightclub tragedy in Santa Maria/RS/Brazil: Learning from a large-scale burn disaster.

PubMed

Gragnani, Alfredo; de Oliveira, Andrea Fernandes; Boro, Daniel; Pham, Tam N; Ferreira, Lydia Masako

2017-03-01

A major fire occurred on January 27, 2013, at 02:30 at Kiss nightclub in the city of Santa Maria, State of Rio Grande do Sul, in Southern Brazil. In this retrospective report, we aimed to describe the nightclub fire event, its immediate consequences, and evaluated its impact on legislation. Our objective was to disseminate the lessons we learned from this large-scale nightclub fire disaster. We conducted a literature review in PubMed and Lilacs database from 2013 to 2015 related to the nightclub Kiss, Santa Maria, fire, burns, and similar events worldwide over the past 15 years. We searched in the general press and online media information sites, and seeking legislation about this topic at the federal level in Brazil. We reported on the legislation changes that resulted from this nightclub fire. Current federal legislation on fire prevention and the scope of public safety, including night clubs and discos, states is the duty of the state and everyone's responsibility, pursuant to Article 144 of the Federal Constitution of Brazil. Thus, the federal union, individual states and municipalities have the power to legislate on fire prevention, and especially to ensure the security of the population. A state law called "Law Kiss", was passed in 2014, establishing standards on safety, prevention and protection against fire in buildings and areas of fire risk in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. On a national level, a law of prevention and fire fighting in Brazil was also drafted after the Santa Maria disaster (Law project no. 4923, 2013). Currently, this bill is still awaiting sanction before it can take effect. As we push for enactment of the national law of prevention and fire fighting in Brazil, we will continue emphasizing fire prevention, fire protection, fire fighting, means of escape and proper management. All similar events in this and other countries remind us that similar tragedies may occur anywhere, and that the analysis of facts, previous mistakes, during and after the incident are crucial to our understanding, and will help us lessen the chance of future occurrences. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.

Real-Time Tracking of the Extreme Rainfall of Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria using UCI CHRS's iRain System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shearer, E. J.; Nguyen, P.; Ombadi, M.; Palacios, T.; Huynh, P.; Furman, D.; Tran, H.; Braithwaite, D.; Hsu, K. L.; Sorooshian, S.; Logan, W. S.

2017-12-01

During the 2017 hurricane season, three major hurricanes-Harvey, Irma, and Maria-devastated the Atlantic coast of the US and the Caribbean Islands. Harvey set the record for the rainiest storm in continental US history, Irma was the longest-lived powerful hurricane ever observed, and Maria was the costliest storm in Puerto Rican history. The recorded maximum precipitation totals for these storms were 65, 16, and 20 inches respectively. These events provided the Center for Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing (CHRS) an opportunity to test its global real-time satellite precipitation observation system, iRain, for extreme storm events. The iRain system has been under development through a collaboration between CHRS at the University of California, Irvine (UCI) and UNESCO's International Hydrological Program (IHP). iRain provides near real-time high resolution (0.04°, approx. 4km) global (60°N - 60°S) satellite precipitation data estimated by the PERSIANN-Cloud Classification System (PERSIANN-CCS) algorithm developed by the scientists at CHRS. The user-interactive and web-accessible iRain system allows users to visualize and download real-time global satellite precipitation estimates and track the development and path of the current 50 largest storms globally from data generated by the PERSIANN-CCS algorithm. iRain continuously proves to be an effective tool for measuring real-time precipitation amounts of extreme storms-especially in locations that do not have extensive rain gauge or radar coverage. Such areas include large portions of the world's oceans and over continents such as Africa and Asia. CHRS also created a mobile app version of the system named "iRain UCI", available for iOS and Android devices. During these storms, real-time rainfall data generated by PERSIANN-CCS was consistently comparable to radar and rain gauge data. This presentation evaluates iRain's efficiency as a tool for extreme precipitation monitoring and provides an evaluation of the PERSIANN-CCS real-time rainfall estimates during Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria in relation to radar and rain gauge data using continuous (correlation, root mean square error, and bias) and categorical (POD and FAR) indices. These results present the relative skill of PERSIANN-CCS real-time data to radar and rain gauge data.

North Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity in Relation to Temperature and Decadal- Length Oscillation Patterns

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilson, Robert M.

2009-01-01

Yearly frequencies of North Atlantic basin tropical cyclones, their locations of origin, peak wind speeds, average peak wind speeds, lowest pressures, and average lowest pressures for the interval 1950-2008 are examined. The effects of El Nino and La Nina on the tropical cyclone parametric values are investigated. Yearly and 10-year moving average (10-yma) values of tropical cyclone parameters are compared against those of temperature and decadal-length oscillation, employing both linear and bi-variate analysis, and first differences in the 10-yma are determined. Discussion of the 2009 North Atlantic basin hurricane season, updating earlier results, is given.

Meteorological Drivers of Cold Temperatures in the Western Pacific TTL

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pfister, Leonhard; Ueyama, Rei; Jensen, Eric J.

2017-01-01

During the recent October 2016 aircraft sampling mission of the Tropical Tropopause Layer (POSIDON -- Pacific Oxidants, Sulfur, Ice, Dehydration, and cONvection), Western Pacific October TTL temperatures were anomalously cold due to a combination of La Nina conditions and a very stationary convective pattern. POSIDON also had more October Tropical Cyclones than typical, and tropical cyclones have substantial negative TTL temperatures associated with them. This paper investigates how meteorology in the troposphere drives TTL temperatures, and how these temperatures, coupled with the circulation, produce TTL clouds. We will also compare October TTL cloud distributions in different years, examining the relationship of clouds to October temperature anomalies.

Montessori and Constructivism.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Elkind, David

2003-01-01

Presents three basic epistemological positions (empiricism, nativism, and constructivism) and argues that Maria Montessori's educational practice reflected all three positions. Describes how the constructivist position is reflected in the High/Scope program, and compares and contrasts this position with that of Montessori. Asserts that although…

PEOPLE IN PHYSICS: Women in nuclear science

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stuart, B. H.

1996-03-01

The field of nuclear science has seen an unusually large number of discoveries by women this century. This article focuses on the acclaimed work of Marie Curie, her daughter Irène Joliot-Curie, Lise Meitner and Maria Goeppert-Mayer.

Montessori and Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vardin, Patricia A.

2003-01-01

Reviews Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences. Shows how Maria Montessori and Howard Gardner drew similar conclusions regarding human capacity and potential. Examines how Gardner's eight intelligences and underlying core operations lie at the heart of the Montessori exercises and activities. (KB)

Women and the Elements: The Role of Women in Element and Fission Discoveries.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spradley, Joseph L.

1989-01-01

Describes the scientific work of several women, including Marie Curie, Lise Meitner, Ida Noddack, Irene Curie, Marguerite Perey, Chien-Shiung Wu, and Maria Mayer. Discusses the connections between their discoveries. Thirty-six references are listed. (YP)

Sally Ride Tribute

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-05-20

Journalist and former First Lady of California Maria Shriver reads the poem "The Summer Day" by Mary Oliver during the National Tribute to Sally Ride at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Monday, May 20, 2013 in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Fifth Lecture

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Montessori, Maria

2013-01-01

We include the ninth chapter of "Education and Peace" by Maria Montessori (1949) to draw attention to the relationship between peace and sustainability. Nature is an integral part of peace studies. [Reprinted from "Education and Peace," pages 66-70, copyright © 1972 by Montessori-Pierson Publishing Company.

GRAIL View from the Far Side of the Moon

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-01-31

NASA's GRAIL mission has beamed back its first video of the far side of the moon. The imagery was taken on Jan. 19 by the MoonKAM aboard the mission's 'Ebb' spacecraft. Narrated by GRAIL principal investigator Maria Zuber.

Ozone Climatology for Portsmouth, NH 1978-2002

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wake, C. P.; Miller, S. T.

2003-12-01

Hourly ozone mixing ratios have been monitored in Portsmouth, NH since 1978 for the typical "summer" ozone season (April to October) by the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services. This 25 year record provides the basis to investigate seasonal variability in daily summertime ozone levels in Portsmouth NH and evaluate the relationship between ozone mixing ratios, temperature, precipitation, and the state of El Niño/Southern Oscillation. The overall goal of this research is to identify significant relationships between high ozone days and a suite of climate variables. The mean daily ozone mixing ratio in Portsmouth from 1977 through 2002 was 40 ppbv (sd 17 ppbv) with a mean of 6 days per summer when maxiumum 8 hour ozone levels exceed the 80 ppbv level. The highest ozone levels usually occur during June, July and August (with a peak in July), but high ozone days also occur May and September. April and October rarely experience high ozone. High ozone in coastal New Hampshire (and for most of New England) occurs predominantly on days when maximum temperatures are above 85 oF, although there are also may hot days when ozone levels do not reach elevated levels. Analysis of the relationship between number of days per year when 8 hour ozone is greater than 80 ppbv and maximum temperatures are greater than 85 oF indicates that there is a positive correlation (r = 0.60). Surprisingly, there is not a strong inverse relationship between ozone days and precipitation. For example, over the last 25 years, 1988 clearly stands out with 20 days with maximum 8 hour ozone above 80 ppbv. However, 1988 also experienced considerable precipitation in July and August (14.1 inches compared to the climatological mean of 6.7 inches) and relatively few days without precipitation (38 compared to the climatological mean of 44). There are differences in temperature, precipitation, and ozone levels in Portsmouth during years that are classified as El Ni¤o and neutral, compared to La Nina years. However, we have only experienced one strong La Nina year in the past 25 years, so the results must be viewed with caution. The La Nina year (1988) experience high ozone and more frequent hot days, as well as double the average precipitation. El Niño years experience slightly warmer, dryer and experience more frequent ozone days, although they are not significantly different from neutral years. Our results indicate that hot summers are indeed related to higher than average ozone levels, although there is considerable variability in this relationship. There does not appear to be a consistent ozone - precipitation relationship. Further work is needed to define these relationships for a larger number of stations throughout New England and also for comparison to broader synoptic to hemispheric circulation patterns and sea surface temperatures.

For the relief of Maria Carmen Castro Ramirez and J. Refugio Carreno Rojas.

THOMAS, 112th Congress

Rep. Pelosi, Nancy [D-CA-8

2011-02-18

Senate - 12/05/2012 Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status Passed HouseHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Education Policy. IDRA Focus.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

IDRA Newsletter, 1998

1998-01-01

This theme issue includes five articles that focus on educational policy in the Texas legislature in relation to student retention, Internet access, and sexual harassment. "1999 Texas Legislative Session--End of an Era?" (Albert Cortez, Maria Robledo Montecel) examines educational equity issues facing legislators: school funding,…

Detection of Buried Empty Lunar Lava Tubes Using GRAIL Gravity Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sood, R.; Chappaz, L.; Melosh, H. J.; Howell, K. C.; Blair, D. M.; Milbury, C.

2015-10-01

GRAIL gravity data is used to detect buried empty lunar lava tubes that are of interest as possible habitation sites safe from cosmic radiation and micrometeorite impacts. Regions in the maria with known skylights and sinuous rilles are investigated.

Implementing CORAL: An Electronic Resource Management System

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whitfield, Sharon

2011-01-01

A 2010 electronic resource management survey conducted by Maria Collins of North Carolina State University and Jill E. Grogg of University of Alabama Libraries found that the top six electronic resources management priorities included workflow management, communications management, license management, statistics management, administrative…

Cognition and Function in Language.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fox, Barbara A., Ed.; Jurafsky, Dan, Ed.; Michaelis, Laura A., Ed.

Selected papers include: "From Core to Periphery: A Study on the Directionality of Syntactic Change in Japanese" (Kaoru Horie); "On the Extension of Body-Part Nouns to Object-Part Nouns and Spatial Adpositions" (Yo Matsumoto); "Noun Classes: Language Change and Learning" (Maria Polinsky, Dan Jackson);…

Teaching with Technology: Up, Up and Away with Parachutes in Primary Mathematics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Northcote, Maria

2014-01-01

If you like taking your mathematics lessons outdoors then you will enjoy this issue's technology column! Maria Northcote and her students suggest a variety of different technologies and mathematical explorations that can be used in conjunction with a parachute.

JPRS Report, East Europe.

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-04-06

Andrasfalvy 2 Pecs Zoltan Trombitas Sandor Szeles Mrs. Kaposi, Dr. -Andras Pap Sandor Gyulai; Maria Dunai Jozsef Kuller; Dr. Istvan Marton 3 Pecs Dr. Andrea ...Csizmadia Mrs. Szabo, Erzsebet Kovacs 5 Varpalota Peter Patonai Laszlo Czifra Janos Csovari Janos Kovacs Ferenc Schmidt Tibor Fakasz 6 Veszprem -Ferenc

Dropout Prevention & Attrition Rates. IDRA Focus.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

IDRA Newsletter, 1994

1994-01-01

This newsletter contains six articles focusing on dropouts, potential dropouts, dropout rates, and dropout prevention, particularly in Texas and among Hispanics and other minority groups. "Improving Student Performance: Study Identifies Better Approach" (Maria Robledo Montecel, Josie Danini Supik, and Jose A. Cardenas) correlates student…

Technical assumption for Mo-99 production in the MARIA reactor. Feasibility study

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jaroszewicz, J.; Pytel, K.; Dabkowski, L.

2008-07-15

The main objective of U-235 irradiation is to obtain the Tc-99m isotope which is widely used in the domain of medical diagnostics. The decisive factor determining its availability, despite its short life time, is a reaction of radioactive decay of Mo-99 into Tc- 99m. One of the possible sources of molybdenum can be achieved in course of the U-235 fission reaction. The paper presents activities and the calculations results obtained upon the feasibility study on irradiation of U-235 targets for production of molybdenum in the MARIA reactor. The activities including technical assumption were focused on performing calculation for modelling ofmore » the target and irradiation device as well as adequate equipment and tools for processing in reactor. It has been assumed that the basic component of fuel charge is an aluminium cladded plate with dimensions of 40x230x1.45 containing 4.7 g U-235. The presumed mode of the heat removal generated in the fuel charge of the reactor primary cooling circuit influences the construction of installation to be used for irradiation and the technological instrumentation. The outer channel construction for irradiation has to be identical as the standard fuel channel construction of the MARIA reactor. It enables to use the existing slab and reactor mounting sockets for the fastening of the molybdenum channel as well as the cooling water delivery system. The measurement of water temperature cooling a fuel charge and control of water flow rate in the channel can also be carried out be means of the standard instrumentation of the reactor. (author)« less

Lunar Skylights and Their Chemical Compositions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wong, J.; Torres, J.; FitzHoward, S.; Luu, E.; Hua, J.; Irby, R.

2013-12-01

In 2009, the Japanese orbiter, SELenological and Engineering Explorer (SELENE) discovered a skylight on the near side of the moon. Skylights are collapsed ceilings of rilles, thought to be caused by moonquakes, meteoroids, or incomplete formation of these lava tube ceilings. Since then, NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter has discovered two more skylights, also located on the near side of the moon. Previous research has shown that the physical characteristics of known rilles, can be used as indicators of the presence of yet undiscovered rille and lava dome locations across the lunar surface. We hypothesize that skylights have a signature chemical composition that is unique, and can be used to predict the location of additional skylights on the surface of the moon. For this study, we compared chemical composition data of the three mare sites containing skylights with the 21 mare sites without skylights. Using the software JMARS for the Moon, we compiled multiple datasets to measure the concentrations of 13 different chemical compounds including calcium, iron oxide, titanium dioxide, and thorium. We then conducted a two-tailed T-test of the data, which generated probability values for the mean differences across all 13 chemical compounds of the maria sites with skylights and the maria sites without skylights. Our results show that there is no statistical difference in chemical composition across all of the maria sites examined. Therefore, we conclude that chemical composition does not predict or indicate potential skylight locations on the moon. Further research on other skylight characteristics, for example depth and surrounding underground lava channels, may shed light on the relationships between mare and skylights locations. Three Skylight Locations Found on Lunar Surface 100m View of Mare Tranquilitatis Skylight

Estimating the human influence on Hurricanes Harvey, Irma and Maria

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wehner, M. F.; Patricola, C. M.; Risser, M. D.

2017-12-01

Attribution of the human-induced climate change influence on the physical characteristics of individual extreme weather events has become an advanced science over the past decade. However, it is only recently that such quantification of anthropogenic influences on event magnitudes and probability of occurrence could be applied to very extreme storms such as hurricanes. We present results from two different classes of attribution studies for the impactful Atlantic hurricanes of 2017. The first is an analysis of the record rainfall amounts during Hurricane Harvey in the Houston, Texas area. We analyzed observed precipitation from the Global Historical Climatology Network with a covariate-based extreme value statistical analysis, accounting for both the external influence of global warming and the internal influence of ENSO. We found that human-induced climate change likely increased Hurricane Harvey's total rainfall by at least 19%, and likely increased the chances of the observed rainfall by a factor of at least 3.5. This suggests that changes exceeded Clausius-Clapeyron scaling, motivating attribution studies using dynamical climate models. The second analysis consists of two sets of hindcast simulations of Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria using the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) at 4.5 km resolution. The first uses realistic boundary and initial conditions and present-day greenhouse gas forcings while the second uses perturbed conditions and pre-industrial greenhouse has forcings to simulate counterfactual storms without anthropogenic influences. These simulations quantify the fraction of Harvey's precipitation attributable to human activities and test the super Clausius-Clapeyron scaling suggested by the observational analysis. We will further quantify the human influence on intensity for Harvey, Irma, and Maria.

Bathymetry, Crustal Imaging and Tectonics in the South of Islas Marias (Nayarit, Mexico)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carrillo de la Cruz, J. L.; Nunez, D.; Nuñez-Cornu, F. J.; Barba, D. C., Sr.; Gonzalez-Fernandez, A.; Escalona, F.; Danobeitia, J.

2016-12-01

The seismic activity of the Mexican Pacific margin is principally due to the subduction process of the Rivera plate beneath the North America plate and Jalisco Block. In 2014, the TSUJAL geophysical experiment provided new data to archive a better knowledge about the crustal structure and their implications in seismic and tsunamigenic potential hazards. In this study, we present the processed and analyzed bathymetric, WAS and MCS data along the TS11 seismic transect (115 km length) across the southern of Islas Marías. The seismic sources used in this work correspond to the airgun shots provided by RRS James Cook every 120 s and 50 m to recover WAS and MCS data, respectively. These sources were registered by a network of 4 OBS and 30 land seismic stations and the MCS data were acquired with a 5.85 km length streamer with a 468 active channels. Meanwhile, the bathymetric data were obtained with 2 multibeam echo sounders, EM120 and EM710, obtaining a 75 - 80 m of grid resolution. After data processing and interpretation, we have obtained information about two basins (De la Cruz Basin and Tres Marias basin) delimitated with geological lineaments alongside the Sierra de Cleofas from bathymetry, being Tres Marias basin the deepest zone in the area. Moreover, the main canyon founded in this study (De la Cruz Canyon) has been classified as type 3, according to Harris & Whiteway (2011). From seismic data, we have determined the shallow and deep crustal structure of the northern part of Rivera plate subduction with a dip angle between 6° and 8°. In this region, the oceanic crust is 10 km deep, increasing up to 20 km, while the deepest layers of the upper mantle have been determined at 45-50 km.

Studies Based on Lunar Global Subsurface Radar Sounding Data Obtained by SELENE (Kaguya)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumamoto, A.; Yamaguchi, Y.; Yamaji, A.; Oshigami, S.; Ishiyama, K.; Nakamura, N.; Haruyama, J.; Miyamoto, H.; Nishibori, T.; Tsuchiya, F.; Ohtake, M.

2018-04-01

Several studies based on lunar global subsurface radar sounding data obtained by SELENE/LRS will be reviewed. From the subsurface structures of the buried regolith layers, we can discuss the evolution of tectonic and volcanic processes in the maria.

The Genius of Montessori History.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schaefer, Larry

2000-01-01

This article focuses on Maria Montessori's pedagogy of history. Part one traces the development of Montessori's thoughts on the pedagogy of the past, and parts two and three are meditations on "cosmic history": one on creation and the creation story and the other on time and timelines. (KB)

Work.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haines, Annette M.

2003-01-01

Draws upon Maria Montessori's writings to examine work as a universal human tendency throughout life. Discusses the work of adaptation of the infant, work of "psycho-muscular organism" for the preschooler, work of the imagination for the elementary child, community work of the adolescent, and work of the adult. Asserts that…

Sally Ride Tribute

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-05-20

Journalist and former First Lady of California Maria Shriver talks prior to reading the poem "The Summer Day" by Mary Oliver during the National Tribute to Sally Ride at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Monday, May 20, 2013 in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Reflections on Language Learning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barbara, Leila, Ed.; Scott, Mike, Ed.

The collection of papers, dedicated to Maria Antonieta Alba Celani, a celebrated English professor in Brazil, consists of writings by colleagues on four themes: developments stemming from Dr. Celani's Brazilian national project for the teaching of English for special purposes; language teacher training; language processing; and analysis of…

Commitment to Peace.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Montessori, Renilde

1995-01-01

This reprint from a 1985 issue of "The NAMTA Journal" discusses the ideas of Maria Montessori and Erich Fromm in relation to world peace and the role of education in promoting peace. Also examines the nature of conflict, war, and peace, and the need to commit oneself to peace. (MDM)

Geologic structure of the eastern mare basins. [lunar basalts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dehon, R. A.; Waskom, J. D.

1976-01-01

The thickness of mare basalts in the eastern maria are estimated and isopachs of the basalts are constructed. Sub-basalt basin floor topography is determined, and correlations of topographic variations of the surface with variations in basalt thickness or basin floor topography are investigated.

13. VIEW SHOWING MOST OF THE PERIMETER FROM SPILLWAY BOX ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. VIEW SHOWING MOST OF THE PERIMETER FROM SPILLWAY BOX TO END OF EAST DAM. FOREGROUND VIEW SHOWS TRIPLE WALL CONSTRUCTION OF TONGUE AND GROOVE PLANKING USED IN CRIBBING - Three Bears Lake & Dams, North of Marias Pass, East Glacier Park, Glacier County, MT

2. DETAIL VIEW SHOWING WOODEN CRIBBING WITH LOWERED LAKE LEVEL, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. DETAIL VIEW SHOWING WOODEN CRIBBING WITH LOWERED LAKE LEVEL, EAST DAM, LOOKING NORTHEAST (View is middle of the perimeter showing in MT-88-A-1 above.) - Three Bears Lake & Dams, East Dam, North of Marias Pass, East Glacier Park, Glacier County, MT

For the relief of Maria Eva Duran, Jessica Duran Cortes, Daniel Ivan Duran Cortes, and Jose Antonio Duran Cortes.

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Rep. Roybal-Allard, Lucille [D-CA-34

2010-09-20

House - 12/20/2010 Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration, Citizenship, Refugees, Border Security, and International Law. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Introspection on improper seismic retrofit of Basilica Santa Maria di Collemaggio after 2009 Italian earthquake

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cimellaro, Gian Paolo; Reinhorn, Andrei M.; de Stefano, Alessandro

2011-03-01

The 2009 L'Aquila, Italy earthquake highlighted the seismic vulnerability of historic masonry building structures due to improper "strengthening" retrofit work that has been done in the last 50 years. Italian seismic standards recommend the use of traditional reinforcement techniques such as replacing the original wooden roof structure with new reinforced concrete (RC) or steel elements, inserting RC tie-beams in the masonry and new RC floors, and using RC jacketing on the shear walls. The L'Aquila earthquake revealed the numerous limitations of these interventions, because they led to increased seismic forces (due to greater additional weight) and to deformation incompatibilities of the incorporated elements with the existing masonry walls. This paper provides a discussion of technical issues pertaining to the seismic retrofit of the Santa Maria di Collemaggio Basilica and in particular, the limitations of the last (2000) retrofit intervention. Considerable damage was caused to the church because of questionable actions and incorrect and improper technical choices.

Maria Auxiliadora Hospital in Lima, Peru as a model for neurosurgical outreach to international charity hospitals.

PubMed

Hayden, Melanie G; Hughes, Samuel; Hahn, Edward J; Aryan, Henry E; Levy, Michael L; Jandial, Rahul

2011-01-01

A myriad of geopolitical and financial obstacles have kept modern neurosurgery from effectively reaching the citizens of the developing world. Targeted neurosurgical outreach by academic neurosurgeons to equip neurosurgical operating theaters and train local neurosurgeons is one method to efficiently and cost effectively improve sustainable care provided by international charity hospitals. The International Neurosurgical Children's Association (INCA) effectively improved the available neurosurgical care in the Maria Auxiliadora Hospital of Lima, Peru through the advancement of local specialist education and training. Neurosurgical equipment and training were provided for the local neurosurgeons by a mission team from the University of California at San Diego. At the end of 3 years, with one intensive week trip per year, the host neurosurgeons were proficiently and independently applying microsurgical techniques to previously performed operations, and performing newly learned operations such as neuroendoscopy and minimally invasive neurosurgery. Our experiences may serve as a successful template for the execution of other small scale, sustainable neurosurgery missions worldwide.

Investigation of the cardiovascular risk profile in a south Brazilian city: surveys from 2012 to 2016.

PubMed

Rissardo, Jamir Pitton; Caprara, Ana Letícia Fornari; Prado, Ana Lucia Cervi; Leite, Martim Tobias Bravo

2018-04-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the cardiovascular risk profile of the participants recruited from stroke awareness campaigns in Santa Maria RS, Brazil, from 2012 to 2016, using the simplified version of the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). Questionnaires were used to evaluate 1,061 participants from 20 to 74 years old. Data on cardiovascular risk factors were obtained. The prevalence of risk factors and mean FRS for men and women were estimated. The FRS for women was 11.8% (moderate risk) and 24.7% for men (high risk). The vascular age for women was 61.6 years, whereas the vascular age for men was 66 years. Two percent of women had hypertension and diabetes, while both these risk factors were present in 5% of men. Based on the data, the prevalence of stroke risk factors is worrisome, as are the numbers of individuals with moderate and high cardiovascular risk in Santa Maria.

Occurrence and behaviour of Paromola cuvieri (Crustacea, Decapoda) in the Santa Maria di Leuca cold-water coral community (Mediterranean Sea)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Capezzuto, Francesca; Maiorano, Porzia; Panza, Michele; Indennidate, Antonella; Sion, Letizia; D'Onghia, Gianfranco

2012-01-01

Occurrence and behaviour of Paromola cuvieri (Crustacea, Decapoda) were recorded by means of the MEMO lander equipped with two digital cameras and deployed in the cold-water coral community of the Santa Maria di Leuca (Mediterranean Sea). A total of 14 individuals were observed at depths between 547 and 648 m; 10 in the coral habitat on coral mounds and 4 off the coral habitat on muddy bottoms. Thirteen specimens recorded were females, one male and all were shown to scavenge the bait. All the specimens carried a sponge on their exoskeleton using the fifth pereiopods. The specimens were distinguishable by the size and shape of the carried sponge. The present observations demonstrate both passive covering behaviour and active behaviour of discouraging approach and attack from competitors or predators, respectively. This study represents the first in situ documentation of Paromola cuvieri behaviour interacting with other deep-sea species in the Mediterranean Sea.

Science and culture around the Montessori's first "Children's Houses" in Rome (1907-1915).

PubMed

Foschi, Renato

2008-01-01

Between 1907 and 1908, Maria Montessori's (1870-1952) educational method was elaborated at the Children's Houses of the San Lorenzo district in Rome. This pioneering experience was the basis for the international fame that came to Montessori after the publication of her 1909 volume dedicated to her "Method." The "Montessori Method" was considered by some to be scientific, liberal, and revolutionary. The present article focuses upon the complex contexts of the method's elaboration. It shows how the Children's Houses developed in relation to a particular scientific and cultural eclecticism. It describes the factors that both favored and hindered the method's elaboration, by paying attention to the complex network of social, institutional, and scientific relationships revolving around the figure of Maria Montessori. A number of "contradictory" dimensions of Montessori's experience are also examined with a view to helping to revise her myth and offering the image of a scholar who was a real early-twentieth-century prototype of a "multiple" behavioral scientist. Copyright 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The medical treatment of Maria, Dowager Empress of the Russian Empire: an analysis of her prescription book from 1807 and 1808.

PubMed

Gudienè, V

2016-11-02

This study analyzes the medicines that were used to treat the Dowager Russian Empress Maria, widow of Tsar Paul I, and describes the doctors who cared for her health in 1807 and 1808. The source for this research was the imperial court pharmacy prescription book 1807-1811. Hypotheses about the diseases and medical problems of the Empress and how treatment for her differed according to circumstances, particularly after the loss of her granddaughter Princess Elizabeth, have been made based on the prescriptions recorded in the book. The content of the prescriptions suggests that the Empress suffered from gastrointestinal tract disorders, skin and eye diseases, neuralgic pains and insomnia. Foreign physicians educated in European universities worked at the imperial court and implemented European medical traditions. They took high positions in the administration and the medical education system, and gradually spread their experience and modern knowledge to Tsarist Russian society.

[Contextualized editorial practices: Maria Cecília de Souza Minayo and the journal Ciência & Saúde Coletiva].

PubMed

Spinelli, Hugo; Martinovich, Viviana

2016-01-01

This interview forms part of a series of dialogues that Salud Colectiva has been holding with key editors in the field, with the purpose of examining the similar difficulties confronted by Latin American journals and the diverse ways the journals have faced these difficulties as a likely starting point for uncovering contextualized solutions. In this interview, carried out in 2015 in the Instituto de Salud Colectiva of the Universidad Nacional de Lanús, Maria Cecília de Souza Minayo speaks to us about the context in which the journal Ciência & Saúde Coletiva emerged, the political disputes existing within the collective health field, and the relevance of debate as a constitutive process of science itself. Additionally, Minayo analyzes both the importance of funding to the growth of a journal and the problems and difficulties in obtaining funds, which puts into evidence the lack of policy regarding scientific publishing in Brazil.

Newly Discovered Ring-Moat Dome Structures in the Lunar Maria: Possible Origins and Implications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Feng; Head, James W.; Basilevsky, Alexander T.; Bugiolacchi, Roberto; Komatsu, Goro; Wilson, Lionel; Fa, Wenzhe; Zhu, Meng-Hua

2017-09-01

We report on a newly discovered morphological feature on the lunar surface, here named Ring-Moat Dome Structure (RMDS). These low domes (a few meters to 20 m height with slopes <5°) are typically surrounded by narrow annular depressions or moats. We mapped about 2,600 RMDSs in the lunar maria with diameters ranging from tens to hundreds of meters. Four candidate hypotheses for their origin involving volcanism are considered. We currently favor a mechanism for the formation of the RMDS related to modification of the initial lava flows through inflated flow squeeze-ups and/or extrusion of magmatic foams below a cooling lava flow surface. These newly discovered features provide new insights into the nature of emplacement of lunar lava flows, suggesting that in the waning stages of a dike emplacement event, magmatic foams can be produced, extrude to the surface as the dike closes, and break through the upper lava flow thermal boundary layer (crust) to form foam mounds and surrounding moats.

Maria Goeppert Mayer and the Nobel Prize

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Johnson, Karen E.

2013-04-01

When Maria Goeppert Mayer was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963, she was only the second woman to receive that award and there have been no additional female physics laureates since. Mayer was uniquely prepared to carry out her prize-winning work on the nuclear shell model. Furthermore, she worked with some of the most well-known figures in mid-twentieth century physics, and her award came at a time when American science was in ascendance. Why, then, is her name so little known beyond the physics community? There are several possible answers to this question, ranging from the personal (her modest reaction to public acclaim) and the scientific (the mathematically abstract nature of her prize-winning work), to the national (the nature of the issues commanding public attention in the 1960s). In this talk I will present an overview of the circumstances that enabled Mayer to make exceptional contributions to nuclear physics, and then examine some of the possible reasons why her exceptional status is not more widely known.

Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory: 2008 December - 2009 March

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Warner, Brian D.

2009-07-01

Lightcurves for 34 asteroids were obtained at the Palmer Divide Observatory from 2008 December through 2009 March: 91 Aegina, 261 Prymno, 359 Georgia, 402 Chloe, 497 Iva, 506 Marion, 660 Crescentia, 691 Lehigh, 731 Sorga, 779 Nina, 802 Epyaxa, 908 Buda, 1015 Christa, 1518 Rovaniemi, 1600 Vyssotsky, 1656 Suomi, 2000 Herschel, 2735 Ellen, 3169 Ostro, 3854 George, 3940 Larion, (5558) 1989 WL2, (5747) 1991 CO3, 6517 Buzzi, (11304) 1993 DJ, (22195) 3509 P-L, (26383) 1999 MA2, (29780) 1999 CJ50, (45878) 2000 WX29, (45898) 2000 XQ49, (76800) 2000 OQ35, (76929) 2001 AX34, (87343) 2000 QH25, and (207398) 2006 AS2.

Mid-infrared InAs/AlGaSb superlattice quantum-cascade lasers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ohtani, K.; Fujita, K.; Ohno, H.

2005-11-21

We report on the demonstration of mid-infrared InAs/AlGaSb superlattice quantum-cascade lasers operating at 10 {mu}m. The laser structures are grown on n-InAs (100) substrate by solid-source molecular-beam epitaxy. An InAs/AlGaSb chirped superlattice structure providing a large oscillator strength and fast carrier depopulation is employed as the active part. The observed minimum threshold current density at 80 K is 0.7 kA/cm{sup 2}, and the maximum operation temperature in pulse mode is 270 K. The waveguide loss of an InAs plasmon waveguide is estimated, and the factors that determine the operation temperature are discussed.

The queer limits of Pratibha Parmar's Nina's Heavenly Delights.

PubMed

Mahn, Churnjeet

2013-01-01

This article considers the impossibility and possibilities inherent in discussing queerness in films of the South Asian diaspora through the specific lens of Scotland. By using the contexts of "impossibility" in describing the same-sex desire between South Asian women in two different national contexts, this article argues that while same-sex desire becomes "possible" in the Scottish context of Parmar's film (conforming to a type of "coming out" story), Mehta's film cannot posit any open or stable lesbian subject. In light of this, even though Parmar's film may be the more optimistic realization of South Asian lesbian identity, its queer potential is shut down by the parameters of a Western coming out story.

The origin of the treponematoses

PubMed Central

Cockburn, Thomas A.

1961-01-01

An attempt is made to explain along Darwinian lines the steps by which the treponematoses evolved and how they came to have their present distributions and characteristics. The original ancestors of the treponemes would have been free-living organisms, but various forms of symbiosis with larger creatures would in time lead to the development of parasitism with varying degrees of pathogenicity. Modern man may have acquired his treponemes from his ungeneralized primate ancestors and taken them with him on his migrations over the world. Isolation of man in different continents, especially after the end of the Ice Age, would lead to speciation in both man and his parasites; this would account for the features of pinta in Central America. Ecological isolations would produce syphilis and yaws, the latter being successful in warm areas where no clothes were worn or overcrowding was gross, and syphilis being successful in colder climates but not in endemic yaws areas where so many people were immune by puberty. A syphilis organism has little chance of survival if it fails to infect the genitalia. This is perhaps the reason for congenital infections in that disease. The organotropic properties of syphilis treponemes may be the results of repeated passage through the foetus; the conditions for survival in the foetus are much different from those in the mother, so that organotropic rather than genitotropic strains would be selected. PMID:13694226

Tools for opening new chapters in the book of Treponema pallidum evolutionary history.

PubMed

Gogarten, J F; Düx, A; Schuenemann, V J; Nowak, K; Boesch, C; Wittig, R M; Krause, J; Calvignac-Spencer, S; Leendertz, F H

2016-11-01

Treponema pallidum infections causing yaws disease and venereal syphilis are globally widespread in human populations, infecting hundreds of thousands and millions annually respectively; endemic syphilis is much less common, and pinta has not been observed in decades. We discuss controversy surrounding the origin, evolution and history of these pathogens in light of available molecular and anthropological evidence. These bacteria (or close relatives) seem to affect many wild African nonhuman primate (NHP) species, though to date only a single NHP Treponema pallidum genome has been published, hindering detection of spillover events and our understanding of potential wildlife reservoirs. Similarly, only ten genomes of Treponema pallidum infecting humans have been published, impeding a full understanding of their diversity and evolutionary history. Research efforts have been hampered by the difficulty of culturing and propagating Treponema pallidum. Here we highlight avenues of research recently opened by the coupling of hybridization capture and next-generation sequencing. We present data generated with such an approach suggesting that asymptomatic bones from NHP occasionally contain enough treponemal DNA to recover large fractions of their genomes. We expect that these methods, which naturally can be applied to modern biopsy samples and ancient human bones, will soon considerably improve our understanding of these enigmatic pathogens and lay rest to old yet unresolved controversies. Copyright © 2016 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Maria Lucia Ghirardi | NREL

Science.gov Websites

/pathways Education University of California, Berkeley: Ph.D. in Comparative Biochemistry, 1988. Graduate advisor: Dr. Anastasios Melis University of California, Berkeley: M.A. in Comparative Biochemistry, 1983 ); pp. 35192-35209. Wecker, M., Meuser, J., Posewitz, M. and Ghirardi, M. (2011). "Design of a new

"Border Sexualities, Border Families in Schools": Queering Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ryan, John

2012-01-01

This essay reviews Maria Pallotta-Chiarolli's (2010) Lambda Award-winning monograph "Border Sexualities, Border Families in Schools", in which queer and mestizage pedagogies frame a groundbreaking and highly accessible exploration of the issues that sexual border dwellers experience. Her particular focus areas are bisexual "sexually fluid"…

Playful Learning and Montessori Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lillard, Angeline S.

2013-01-01

Although Montessori education is often considered a form of playful learning, Maria Montessori herself spoke negatively about a major component of playful learning--pretend play, or fantasy--for young children. In this essay, the author discusses this apparent contradiction: how and why Montessori education includes elements of playful learning…

Removing Supplementary Materials from Montessori Classrooms Changed Child Outcomes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lillard, Angeline S.; Heise, Megan J.

2016-01-01

Montessori classrooms vary in the degree to which they adhere to Maria Montessori's model, including in the provision of materials. Specifically, some classrooms use only Montessori materials, whereas others supplement the Montessori materials with commercially available materials like puzzles and games. A prior study suggested such…

ALTERED TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSES OF MOUSE EMBRYO CULTURES EXPOSED TO BISINDOLYLMALEIMIDE (BIS L)

EPA Science Inventory

Altered transcriptional responses in mouse embryos exposed to bisindolylmaleimide I (Bis I) in whole embryo culture

Edward D. Karoly?*, Judith E. Schmid*, Maria R. Blanton*and E. Sidney Hunter III*
?Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, ...

15. Photocopy of 1872 photograph by Eadweard Muybridge in Stanford ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

15. Photocopy of 1872 photograph by Eadweard Muybridge in Stanford University Archives, PC 6. BASEMENT BILLIARD ROOM, LOOKING SOUTH. LEFT TO RIGHT, LELAND STANFORD, JR., MRS. LELAND STANFORD AND ANNA MARIA LATHROP (MRS. STANFORD'S SISTER) - Leland Stanford House, 800 N Street, Sacramento, Sacramento County, CA

Development Communication Report, Winter 1985, No. 48.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Development Communication Report, 1985

1985-01-01

This newsletter discusses development projects in developing nations, including the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, and Peru. The following major articles are included: (1) "Radio Santa Maria: A Case Study of Participatory Evaluation" (John K. Mayo, Charles B. Green, and Miguel E. Vargas); (2) "Instruction by Audio Conference: An…

78 FR 63448 - Plant Variety Protection Board; Open Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-24

... Service [Document No. AMS-ST-13-0059] Plant Variety Protection Board; Open Meeting AGENCY: Agricultural... their opportunity to attend an open meeting of the Plant Variety Protection Board. DATES: December 9... Wacker Drive, Chicago, IL 60601. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Ms. Maria Pratt, Plant Variety...

The Common Vision. Reviews: Books.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chattin-McNichols, John

1998-01-01

Reviews Marshak's book describing the work of educators Maria Montessori, Rudolf Steiner, Aurobindo Ghose, and Inayat Khan. Maintains that the book gives clear, concise information on each educator and presents a common vision for children and their education; also maintains that it gives theoretical and practical information and discusses…

78 FR 20662 - Preparation for International Cooperation on Cosmetics Regulation; Public Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-05

...] Preparation for International Cooperation on Cosmetics Regulation; Public Meeting AGENCY: Food and Drug... public meeting entitled, ``International Cooperation on Cosmetics Regulation (ICCR)--Preparation for ICCR... Maria Rossana (Rosemary) Cook (see Contact Person) by May 1, 2013. You may present data, information, or...

Art and Montessori.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Turner, Joy

1982-01-01

Designed for Montessori teachers with little background in the plastic arts, this discussion points out that, while the Montessori program has many features that support creative development, presently, no art curriculum exists. The article indicates the limitations of Maria Montessori's ideas and attitudes about the role of art in the education…

Staying in School. IDRA Focus.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

IDRA Newsletter, 1996

1996-01-01

This theme issue focuses on issues related to high Texas dropout rates among Hispanic and other minority group students and on dropout prevention strategies. "School Finance Inequities Mean Schools Are Not Ready To Teach" (Maria Robledo Montecel) deplores the recent Texas Supreme Court ruling that state educational funding is…

9. DETAIL VIEW OF 2' TONGUE AND GROOVE PLANKING IN ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. DETAIL VIEW OF 2' TONGUE AND GROOVE PLANKING IN WATER CONTROL BOX. THIS SAME PLANKING IS USED AS CRIBBING FOR BOTH EAST DAM AND WEST DAM - Three Bears Lake & Dams, Water Control Box, North of Marias Pass, East Glacier Park, Glacier County, MT

College Board Response to "Harvard Educational Review" Article by Santelices and Wilson

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

College Board, 2010

2010-01-01

This is the College Board's response to a research article by Drs. Maria Veronica Santelices and Mark Wilson in the Harvard Educational Review, entitled "Unfair Treatment? The Case of Freedle, the SAT, and the Standardization Approach to Differential Item Functioning" (see EJ930622).

Higher Education and Lifelong Learners: International Perspectives on Change.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schuetze, Hans G., Ed.; Slowey, Maria, Ed.

This book contains 11 papers on higher education and lifelong learners. The following papers are included: "Traditions and New Directions in Higher Education: A Comparative Perspective on Non-Traditional Students and Lifelong Learners" (Hans G. Schuetze, Maria Slowey); "Austria: The Enduring Myth of the Full-Time Student: An…

Volcanic Flooding Experiments in Impact Basins and Heavily Cratered Terrain Using LOLA Data: Patterns of Resurfacing and Crater Loss

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Whitten, Jennifer L.; Head, James W.; Neumann, Gregory A.; Zuber, Maria T.; Smith, David E.

2012-01-01

Terrestrial planetary bodies are characterized by extensive, largely volcanic deposits covering their surfaces. On Earth large igneous provinces (LIPs) abound, maria cover the nearside of the Moon, and volcanic plains cover large portions of Venus, Mars and Mercury.

"Celebrate Women's History": Coloring Poster Activity Booklet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ruthsdotter, Mary

This booklet contains biographical information about Bessie Coleman, Nellie Bly, Gertrude Ederle, Sojourner Truth, Chien-Shiung Wu, Yoshiko Uchida, Madam C. J. Walker, Maria Martinez, Jovita Idar, Margaret Bourke-White, Sally Ride, and Sybil Ludington. These women are noted for their important contributions to United States history. It is hoped…

Mastery: A Lesson from Maria in Venezuela

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Powell, Sandra Anez; Powell, Norman W.

2012-01-01

Children who have been born into poverty or into at-risk circumstances are often considered "disposable" and not a societal priority. These youngsters have few advocates and limited successful options in life. In the city of Maracaibo, Venezuela, there is a large population of Amerindians who are called Guajiros. These indigenous people…

30 CFR Appendix to Part 253 - List of U.S. Geological Survey Topographic Maps

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

.... Florida (1:24,000 scale): Allanton; Alligator Bay; Anna Maria; Apalachicola; Aripeka; Bayport; Beacon...; Miramar Beach; Myakka River; Naples North; Naples South; Navarre; New Inlet; Niceville; Nutall Rise... Level; Rock Islands; Royal Palm Hammock; Safety Harbor; Saint Joseph Point; Saint Joseph Spit; Saint...

Erratum.

PubMed

2015-09-01

Correction to: Zampi G, et al. Pitfall in Echocardiography: infective endocarditis or valvular strand? Med Ultrason 2015; 17(2): 256-258. The authors have been made aware of the error that appeared in the name of the second author. The correct name is Amedeo Pergolini: Giordano Zampi, Amedeo Pergolini, Maria Denitza Tinti, Claudio Alessi, Luigi Sommariva.

Citrus Research Board-sponsored review of the University of California Riverside citrus breeding

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

In October 2015 the Citrus Research Board (CRB) assembled a panel of experts to review the Citrus Research Board-sponsored Citrus Research and Genetics Programs at University of California Riverside (UCR). The panel consisted of: Gennaro Fazio, USDA/ARS, Geneva, NY; Maria Angeles Forner-Giner, Insti...

How Sensitively Timed Are Sensitive Periods?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zener, Rita Schaefer

2003-01-01

Reviews Maria Montessori's view of sensitive periods and examines the kinds of help needed from adults: an open mind, specific help from a prepared learning environment, and challenges presented at the right time. Stresses the universality of sensitive periods and their connection to brain development. Focuses on the unconscious nature and…

The Kodaikanal Experience: Chapter II. Kahn-Montessori Interview

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

NAMTA Journal, 2013

2013-01-01

This article provides an interview transcript between David Kahn and Mario Montessori (1898-1982), son of Dr. Maria Montessori. Mario Montessori dedicated his life to the preservation, dissemination and application of Montessori's works. Herein Kahn asks Montessori about his time living in the hills of Kodaikanal, India. Montessori touches upon…

Montessori Parenting: An Idea Whose Time Has Come

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McFarland, Sonnie; McFarland, Jim

2013-01-01

Since Dr. Maria Montessori's discovery of the true nature of childhood over a century ago, children around the globe have benefited from Montessori education. However, even parents who have children enrolled in Montessori schools could derive further benefits through the implementation of Montessori principles and practices in the home. Helping…

The Need for Precision

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Weinberg, David R.

2012-01-01

People have become accustomed to the imprecision of language, though imprecise language has a subtle way of misguiding thoughts and actions. In this article, the author argues that the term "teacher" in reference to the Montessori practitioner is a distortion of everything Maria Montessori tried to undo about traditional education. In dealing with…

Dancers Exult at the Awakening

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, W. Alan

2004-01-01

This article explores the art form of dance as a metaphor for the teaching of theology. Employing the work of Maria Harris, the author contends that there are seven elements of dance than can serve as metaphors for teachers of theology: preparation, rhythm, movement, expectancy, response, embodiment, and performance. Each dance element is…

Tropical Cyclone Prediction Using COAMPS-TC

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-01

landfalling hurricanes with the advanced hurricane WRF model. Monthly Weather Review 136:1,990–2,005, http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007MWR2085.1. DeMaria, M...Weisman. 2004. The next generation of NWP: Explicit forecasts of convection using the Weather Research and Forecast ( WRF ) Model. Atmospheric Science

The Child Whisperer

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peters, Dane L.

2012-01-01

Unquestionably, Maria Montessori's insights into child development were both innate and learned, derived from her many years of working with children. Her work, practices, philosophy, and passion have staying power that, so far, spans a century and are a testament to her dedication and abilities. In this article, the author explains why he sees…

The Needs of Humans: A Beginning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scott, Marie

2006-01-01

This article focuses on a teaching method developed by Maria Montessori, starting with activities in the primary classroom, which are continued through the elementary years. The author discusses a few child-centered techniques in preparing children for their work within a larger community--the whole human family. In the Montessori environment, the…

Montessori and Steiner: A Pattern of Reverse Symmetries.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coulter, Dee Joy

2003-01-01

Explains the educational movements precipitated by Maria Montessori and Rudolf Steiner as comprising a pattern of reverse symmetries. Notes the influence of war on their philosophies. Discusses reverse symmetries in curriculum related to mathematics, geography, and history. Maintains that each of these two movements holds the other at its core,…

The Effectiveness of Academic Supervision for Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rahabav, Patris

2016-01-01

This research was conducted with the purpose of describing the general effectiveness of the academic supervision for teachers with three main focus, which is to analyze the competence of supervisors; academic supervision program implementation and the results and impact of academic supervision. The research location is SMU Maria Mediatrix Ambon,…

76 FR 19100 - Maria Carmen Palazzo: Debarment Order

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-06

... development or approval, including the process for development or approval, of any drug product or otherwise... development or approval, including the process for development or approval, of any drug product or otherwise... approval, including the process for development or approval, of any drug product and otherwise relating to...

78 FR 53007 - Additional Designations, Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-27

... MORALES, Jairo Estuardo (a.k.a. ``EL PELON''), Aldea Dona Maria, Zacapa, Guatemala; DOB 28 Sep 1973; POB Zacapa, Guatemala; nationality Guatemala; citizen Guatemala; Cedula No. R-19 42080 (Guatemala); Passport 111904000420805 (Guatemala) issued 28 Aug 2008 expires 28 Aug 2013 (individual) [SDNTK]. Dated: August 20, 2013...

Spring into Energy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Van Hook, Stephen; Huziak-Clark, Tracy

2007-01-01

Maria lifts up a book from the table. Dietre eats cereal for breakfast. Akisha winds up a toy robot. Jacob puts batteries in a flashlight. These seemingly dissimilar events demonstrate various ways children experience energy daily. The authors have used these lessons successfully for several years and have been continually impressed with the…

Assistive Technology for Every Child

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boyd, Barbara Foulks

2008-01-01

The Montessori philosophy advocates that the classroom be a reflection of the home, the community, and the world. Now, a century after Maria Montessori founded her Casa dei Bambini, the world is becoming a high-technology society, with computers a part of everyday American lives. Computers are almost a household necessity, and basic…

What's Happening in January?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Toro, Leonor

The booklet contains brief information on nine January events celebrated by Puerto Ricans: New Year; Epiphany; and the birthdays of Betsy Ross, Eugenio Maria de Hostos, Dr. Martin Luther King, Benjamin Franklin, Edgar Allan Poe, William McKinley, and Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Designed as a teacher resource, the booklet includes brief biographical…

Status Report on Speech Research, July 1994-December 1995.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fowler, Carol A., Ed.

This publication (one of a series) contains 19 articles which report the status and progress of studies on the nature of speech, instruments for its investigation, and practical applications. Articles are: "Speech Perception Deficits in Poor Readers: Auditory Processing or Phonological Coding?" (Maria Mody and others); "Auditory…

Nurturing the Spirit in Non-Sectarian Classrooms.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wolf, Aline D.

This book reiterates the fundamental purpose of Maria Montessori's philosophy of bringing about a "better world by nurturing the spirit of the child." The book draws upon published authorities on the importance of the nurturing of the spirit, along with experiences of active Montessorians for everyday examples of nurturing spirituality…

The Children's House

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peller, Lili E.

2013-01-01

Lili Peller's "The Children's House" essay begins where Maria Montessori left off in her description of space articulations. Peller does not name Montessori specifically as she always had a desire to become independent in her own right as a neo-Freudian child analyst. But the Haus Der Kinder founded in summer of 1922 suggests a total…

Myself and Women Heroes in My World. National Women's History Project.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Women's History Project, Windsor, CA.

This guide presents biographies of the following women: Sojourner Truth, Harriet Tubman, Queen Liliuokalani, Amelia Earhart, Maria Tallchief, and Sonia Manzano. The use of biographies as history provides historical information and role models in a form comprehensible to young students. The personal history booklet that concludes this document…

The Egg Man and the Empress

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Dennis R.

2005-01-01

In this article, the author compares the legacies of two remarkable educators--John Dewey and Maria Montessori. These include changes in education now so commonplace that is accepted as traditional. Both Montessori and Dewey lived long enough to see their ideas receive worldwide recognition and acceptance, along with a share of misunderstanding…

IDRA Newsletter. Volume 37, No. 8

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goodman, Christie L., Ed.

2010-01-01

Each edition of the IDRA Newsletter strives to provide many different perspectives on the issues in education topics discussed and to define its significance in the state and national dialogue. This issue focuses on Change Strategies and includes: (1) YA! Es Tiempo--The Courage to Connect (Maria "Cuca" Robledo Montecel); (2) Making…

Preschool Democracy: Ideas from Montessori.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Krogh, Suzanne Lowell

Maria Montessori believed that preschool children were capable of practicing an elementary form of democracy, could direct their own learning and discipline themselves, and were able to thoughtfully control their behavior for the benefit of the group. She believed also that it was necessary to prepare the environment so that democracy would begin…

Juan Rulfo and Machado de Assis: Toward an Integrated New Narrative

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wiseman, David P.; Krause, James R.

2016-01-01

Despite apparent connections between Brazilian and Spanish American narratives, comparative scholarship has only recently begun to investigate actively these important points of contact. In this study, we introduce a vital crossover between the two traditions, involving Juan Rulfo and Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis. Rulfo's outspoken affinity for…

Learning for Semantic Parsing Using Statistical Syntactic Parsing Techniques

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-05-01

Workshop on Supervisory Con- trol of Learning and Adaptive Systems. San Jose, CA. Roland Kuhn and Renato De Mori (1995). The application of semantic...Processing (EMNLP-09), pp. 1–10. Suntec,Singapore. Ana-Maria Popescu, Alex Armanasu, Oren Etzioni, David Ko and Alexander Yates (2004). Modern natural

The Emergence of Cosmic Education. Spotlight: Cosmic Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trudeau, Sr. Christina Marie

2002-01-01

Discusses the influence of Hindu, Moslem, and Buddhist metaphysics on Maria Montessori's own pedagogical philosophy of Cosmic Education, which she regarded as the core of all learning experiences, after her visit to India. Considers the relationship between Montessori's ideas of child development and Cosmic Education, and the effect of Indian…

Chickens on the Bus

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anreus, Alejandro

2007-01-01

In this article the author describes his first winter in Elizabeth, New Jersey with his family in 1972. His family included: his mother Margarita; his aunts Dinorah and Nereyda; the family matriarch, his grandmother Maria Otilia Anreus; and himself, an underweight and scrawny twelve-year-old named after the infamous anarchist, Alexander Berkman.…

76 FR 66768 - Puerto Rico Disaster #PR-00016

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-27

... declaration of a major disaster for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (FEMA-4040-DR), dated 10/ 18/2011. Incident: Tropical Storm Maria. Incident Period: 09/08/2011 through 09/14/2011. Effective Date: 10/18/2011...: 07/18/2012. ADDRESSES: Submit completed loan applications to: U.S. Small Business Administration...

Chapter 4: Managing chaparral in Yavapai County

Treesearch

Leonard F. DeBano; Malchus B. Baker; Steven T. Overby

1999-01-01

Yavapai County in central Arizona supports extensive stands of chaparral in the Bradshaw Mountains, Mingus Mountain, and the Santa Maria Range. Chaparral occupies about 400,300 acres of the Prescott National Forest (Anderson 1986). These chaparral communities provide a wide range of benefits including watershed protection, grazing for wildlife and domestic animals,...

77 FR 8221 - Determination Under the Textile and Apparel Commercial Availability Provision of the Dominican...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-14

... Commercial Availability Provision of the Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade...-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act (``CAFTA-DR Implementation Act... FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Maria Dybczak, Office of Textiles and Apparel, U.S. Department of Commerce...

76 FR 16734 - Determination Under the Textile and Apparel Commercial Availability Provision of the Dominican...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-25

... Commercial Availability Provision of the Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade... FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Maria Dybczak, Office of Textiles and Apparel, U.S. Department of Commerce...-United States Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act (``CAFTA-DR Implementation Act''), Public Law 109...

6. VIEW OF NORTH END OF EAST DAM, LOOKING SOUTH. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. VIEW OF NORTH END OF EAST DAM, LOOKING SOUTH. (View is taken from lakeside with lowered water level. This view encompasses the same area as MT-88-A-5 above.) - Three Bears Lake & Dams, East Dam, North of Marias Pass, East Glacier Park, Glacier County, MT

Senate Confirmation Hearing CFO

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-10-14

U.S. Sen. Maria Cantwell, D-Wash., left, talks about Dr. Elizabeth M. Robinson, nominee for Chief Financial Officer for NASA, right, prior to her confirmation hearing in front of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation, Thursday, Oct. 15, 2009, on Capitol Hill in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

Montessori Practices: Options for a Digital Age

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Powell, Mark

2016-01-01

Mark Powell's plea for an open-minded view on the full scope of technology that is compatible with Montessori education enriches Maria Montessori's clear modernism of welcoming science into her educational vision. Growing up digital can be intelligently managed so that "technology may offer an effective, adaptable, and easily available means…

Six Titans

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aquino, John; And Others

1978-01-01

The past year has been unusual for the number of music notables who have passed away--among them Bing Crosby, Maria Callas, Elvis Presley, Leopold Stowkowski, Ethel Waters, and Alexander Tcherepnin. These six reflect a variety of music in the 20th century. Here is an analyses of their music contributions with selected bibliographies and…

Montessori and Brain Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hranitz, John R.

Researchers in medicine, education, and related fields continue to make new discoveries about how the brain functions or malfunctions. The implications of studies of how young children learn compare favorably with those of educators such as Maria Montessori, Jerome Bruner, and Jean Piaget. These researchers saw growth and development as a series…

The lost church of Montemurro (Basilicata, Italy): Ground Penetrating Radar and Electrical Resistivity Tomography for detecting its buried remains in S. Maria Square.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bavusi, Massimo; Giocoli, Alessandro; de Martino, Gregory; Loperte, Antonio; Lapenna, Vincenzo

2010-05-01

Montemurro is a little centre town located in the Agri Valley (Basilicata Region, Italy) which was affected by two catastrophic events: in the 1842 a very large landslide has damaged great part of the centre and in the 1857 the town was destroyed completely by the "Great Neapolitan Earthquake" (Mallet, 1862), a seismic event having epicenter in the Agri Valley (Cello et al., 2003; Bavusi et al., 2004). Signs of those tragic events can be still found in the fabric of the city. One of these is certainly S. Maria square, a place suspected to house a church before the disastrous events of 1842. This suspicion is supported by a series of evidences: a historical drawing, dating back to before 1842, shows a church in position compatible with the location of the square; in aerial view S. Maria square appears as tear in the fabric of the city; the tales of the erderlies of Montemurro speak about an ancient missing church in the town. Then, in the attempt to resolve the doubt about the presence of the church, a geophysical survey was planned in S. Maria Square with the aim to detect some buried masonry structures related to the church. In this work we selected two active techniques such as the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and the Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT). Sixty parallel GPR profiles 0.5 m spaced were gathered in S. Maria Square and in a contiguous street by using a GSSI SIR3000 system with a central frequency antenna of 200 MHz. Processed radargrams showed numerous reflectors and heterogeneities in the subsoil related to manmade objects. Then, a laborious data processing (Nuzzo et al., 2002) allowed to obtain several time-slices showing noticeable reflections compatible with masonry structures. Moreover, two ERT profiles were carried out by using an IRIS Syscal R2 system equipped with a multielectrode cable. The first ERT profile 86 m long and having 44 electrodes 2 m spaced allowed to investigate up to 9 m of depth. The second, overlapped on the previous one in the central part and constituted by 48 electrodes 1 m spaced for a length of 47 m, allowed to investigate up to about 4.5 m. Both Wenner and dipole-dipole sequences gathered along two arrays were inverted by using Res2DInv software (Loke and Barker, 1996). They showed several shallow high resistive nuclei. Their positions are in good agreement with those of the reflectors showed in the radargrams and time slices. Joint interpretation of GPR and ERT results suggests the presence of cavities and manmade structures under the square. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the traffic policeman, the technicians, the workers and the mayor Mario Di Sanzio of the Commune of Montemurro. References Bavusi M., Chianese D., Giano S.I., Mucciarelli M. (2004). Multidisciplinary investigations on the Roman aqueduct of Grumentum (Basilicata, Southern Itlay). Annals of geophysics, 47 (6), 1791-1801. Cello G., , Tondi E., Micarelli L. and Mattioni L. (2003). Active tectonics and earthquake sources in the epicentral area of the 1857 Basilicata earthquake (southern Italy). Journal of Geodynamics, 36 (1,2), 37-50. Loke M.H., Barker R.D., (1996). Rapid least-square inversion of apparent resistivity pseudosections using a quasi-Newton method. Geophysical Prospecting, 44, 131 -152. Mallet R. (1862) - Great Neapolitan Earthquake of 1857. London 1862, 2, Chapmann and Hall.

Effect of temperature and selected sugars on dilute solution properties of two hairless canary seed starches compared with wheat starch.

PubMed

Heydari, Ali; Razavi, Seyed Mohammad Ali; Irani, Mahdi

2018-03-01

In this paper, influence of temperature (25, 35, 45 and 55°C) and sugars (sucrose and lactose) at different concentrations (0, 5, 10 and 15%) on some molecular parameters of starches from two canary seed varieties (C05041 and CDC Maria) in the dilute regime were investigated in comparison to wheat starch (WS). The results indicated that the intrinsic viscosity ([η]) values of C05041, CDC Maria and WS samples were 1.42, 1.46 and 1.70dl/g at 25°C, respectively. Intrinsic viscosity of selected starches decreased with an increase in temperature, but the effect of high temperatures were somewhat unnoticeable. By increasing the sugar concentration, intrinsic viscosity of each starch solution significantly decreased in comparison with the value determined for sugar free solution. Lactose had more pronounced effect on the intrinsic viscosity reduction of CDC Maria starch and WS at 25°C and 35°C compared with sucrose (P<0.05). But at 55°C, the effect of increasing sucrose on decreasing of [η] of CDC Maria and WS samples were more considerable. The shape factor of starch samples at 25°C were spherical, but increasing temperature from 25°C to 55°C, CSSs and WS samples took an ellipsoidal shape. The interaction between starches and solvent/cosolutes is the predominant factors determining their functional properties in food systems. One of the aspects can help to understand the characteristic of biopolymers such as starches is determination of their dilute solution properties as a function of common additives which are used in food systems. As a matter of fact, dilute solution properties can help to understand the potential applications of biopolymers in food and non-food application. Attentively, dilute solution properties would give some priceless information about molecular properties, biopolymer behavior and its interaction with copolymers. For instance, intrinsic viscosity provides deep insight into fundamental properties of the solute and its interaction with the solvent and/or cosolutes, conformation of flexible chains. There are many studies which investigated the effect of different parameters such as temperature, salts and sugars on dilute solution properties of hydrocolloids, especially gums. Regrettably, few researches scrutinized the influence of various cosolutes on dilute solution properties of starch. Then in this paper, we studied the dilute solution properties of starches from two canary seed varieties (C05041 and CDC Maria), as a new potential source of starch, (CSSs), in comparison to wheat starch at different experimental conditions (temperatures and sugars at different concentrations) in order to shed light on its behavior in real system in comparison to wheat starch. Because of the unique properties of wheat starch, comparison of canary seed starch with wheat starch in dilute regime can help to having better vision of this new starch source. Overall, the intrinsic viscosity, coil dimensions (R coil and V coil ), swollen specific volume, shape function, and hydration parameter of selected starches were determined affected by temperature and sugars concentration treatments. The importance of these results will be cleared when taking into account the influence of crucial additives generally used in food systems, for instance, different sugars and/or frequent processing parameters such as temperature on rheological and functional properties. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Lower stratospheric observations from aircraft and satellite during the 2015/2016 El Nino

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rosenlof, K. H.; Avery, M. A.; Davis, S. M.; Gao, R. S.; Thornberry, T. D.

2016-12-01

Winter 2015/2016 experienced a strong El Nino that was heavily observed by aircraft, radiosonde and satellite platforms. During the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Sensing Hazards with Operational Unmanned Technology (SHOUT)/El Nino Rapid Response (ENRR) flights of the NASA Global Hawk, in situ ozone measurements were made in the lower stratosphere over the Pacific. These will be contrasted with ozone measurements taken during La Nina and ENSO neutral conditions during past Global Hawk aircraft campaigns. Additionally, lower stratospheric water vapor and ozone measurements from the Microwave Limb Sounder satellite instrument and stratospheric ice measurements above the tropopause from the Cloud-Aerosol Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) will be presented. Our aircraft ozone measurements are higher for the El Nino flights than during other missions previously sampled, while zonally averaged lower stratospheric water vapor and central Pacific ice path above the tropopause reached record highs. Implications and possible reasons for these anomalous observations will be discussed. Winter 2015/2016 experienced a strong El Nino that was heavily observed by aircraft, radiosonde and satellite platforms. During the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Sensing Hazards with Operational Unmanned Technology (SHOUT)/El Nino Rapid Response (ENRR) flights of the NASA Global Hawk, in situ ozone measurements were made in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) over the Pacific. These will be contrasted with ozone measurements made during La Nina and ENSO neutral conditions during past Global Hawk aircraft campaigns. Additionally, UTLS water vapor and ozone measurements from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) satellite instrument and stratospheric ice measurements above the tropopause from the Cloud-Aerosol Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) will be presented. Our aircraft ozone measurements are higher in the upper troposphere for the El Nino flights than during other missions previously sampled, while zonally averaged lower stratospheric water vapor and ice water paths above the tropopause over the central Pacific reached record highs. Implications and possible reasons for these anomalous observations will be discussed.

ENSO-Related Variability in Wave Climate Drives Greater Erosion Potential on Central Pacific Atolls

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bramante, J. F.; Ashton, A. D.; Donnelly, J. P.

2015-12-01

The El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) modulates atmospheric circulation across the equatorial Pacific over a periodic time scale of 2-7 years. Despite the importance of this climate mode in forcing storm generation and trade wind variability, its impact on the wave climate incident on central Pacific atolls has not been addressed. We used the NOAA Wavewatch III CFSR reanalysis hindcasts (1979-2007) to examine the influence of ENSO on sediment mobility and transport at Kwajalein Atoll (8.8°N, 167.7°E). We found that during El Nino event years, easterly trade winds incident on the atoll weakened by 4% compared to normal years and 17% relative to La Nina event years. Despite this decrease in wind strength, significant wave heights incident on the atoll were 3-4% greater during El Nino event years. Using machine learning to partition these waves revealed that the greater El Nino wave heights originated mainly from greater storm winds near the atoll. The southeastern shift in tropical cyclone genesis location during El Nino years forced these storm winds and contributed to the 7% and 16% increases in annual wave energy relative to normal and La Nina years, respectively. Using nested SWAN and XBeach models we determined that the additional wave energy during El Nino event years significantly increased potential sediment mobility at Kwajalein Atoll and led to greater net offshore transport on its most populous island. The larger storm waves likely deplete ocean-facing beaches and reef flats of sediment, but increase the supply of sediment to the atoll lagoon across open reef platforms that are not supporting islands. We discuss further explicit modelling of storms passing over the atoll to elucidate the confounding role of storm surge on the net erosional/depositional effects of these waves. Extrapolating our results to recent Wavewatch III forecasts leads us to conclude that climate change-linked increases in wave height and storm wave energy will increase erosion on central Pacific atolls.

Sediment fluxes from California Coastal Rivers: the influences of climate, geology, and topography

USGS Publications Warehouse

Andrews, E.D.; Antweiler, Ronald C.

2012-01-01

The influences of geologic and climatic factors on erosion and sedimentation processes in rivers draining the western flank of the California Coast Range are assessed. Annual suspended, bedload, and total sediment fluxes were determined for 16 river basins that have hydrologic records covering all or most of the period from 1950 to 2006 and have been relatively unaffected by flow storage, regulation, and depletion, which alter the downstream movement of water and sediment. The occurrence of relatively large annual sediment fluxes are strongly influenced by the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The frequency of relatively large annual sediment fluxes decreases from north to south during La Nina phases and increases from north to south during El Nino phases. The influence of ENSO is modulated over a period of decades by the PDO, such that relatively large annual sediment fluxes are more frequent during a La Nina phase in conjunction with a cool PDO and during an El Nino phase in conjunction with a warm PDO. Values of mean annual sediment flux, , were regressed against basin and climatic characteristics. Basin area, bedrock erodibility, basin relief, and precipitation explain 87% of the variation in from the 16 river basins. Bedrock erodibility is the most significant characteristic influencing . Basin relief is a superior predictor of compared with basin slope. is nearly proportional to basin area and increases with increasing precipitation. For a given percentage change, basin relief has a 2.3-fold greater effect on than a similar change in precipitation. The estimated natural from all California coastal rivers for the period 1950–2006 would have been approximately 85 million tons without flow storage, regulation, and depletion; the actual has been approximately 50 million tons, because of the effects of flow storage, regulation, and depletion.

Tropical Warm Pool Surface Heat Budgets and Temperature: Contrasts Between 1997-98 El Nino and 1998-99 La Nina

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chou, Shu-Hsien; Chou, Ming-Dah; Chan, Pui-King; Lin, Po-Hsiung; Wang, Kung-Hwa

2003-01-01

Seasonal and interannual variations of the net surface heating F(sub NET) and sea surface temperature tendency (T(sub s)/dt) in the tropical eastern Indian and western Pacific Oceans are studied. The surface heat fluxes are derived from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager and Japanese Geostationary Meteorological Satellite radiance measurements for the period October 1997-September 2000. It is found that the magnitude of solar heating is lager than that of evaporative cooling, but the spatial variation of the latter is significantly large than the former. As a result, the spatial variations of seasonal and interannual variability of F(sub NET), follow closely that of evaporative cooling. Seasonal variations of F(sub NET) and T(sub s)/dt are significantly correlated, except for the equatorial western Pacific. The high correlation is primarily attributable to high correlation between seasonal cycles of solar heating and T(sub s)/dt. The change of F(sub NET) between 1997-98 El Nino and 1998-99 La Nina is significantly larger in the tropical eastern Indian Ocean than tropical western Pacific. For the former region, the reduced evaporative cooling arising from weakened winds during the El Nino is generally associated with enhanced solar heating due to decreased cloudiness, and thus increases the interannual variability of F(sub NET). For the latter region, the reduced evaporative cooling due to weakened winds is generally associated with but exceeds the reduced solar heating arising from increased cloudiness, and vise versa. Thus the interannual variability of F(sub NET) is reduced due to this offsetting effect. Interannual variations of F(sub NET) and T(sub s)/dt have very low correlation. This is most likely related to interannual variability of ocean dynamics, which includes the variations of solar radiation penetrating through oceanic mixed layer, upwelling of cold thermocline water, Indonesian throughflow for transporting heat from the Pacific to Indian Ocean, and interhemispheric transport in the Indian Ocean.

Modelling Pasture-based Automatic Milking System Herds: Grazeable Forage Options

PubMed Central

Islam, M. R.; Garcia, S. C.; Clark, C. E. F.; Kerrisk, K. L.

2015-01-01

One of the challenges to increase milk production in a large pasture-based herd with an automatic milking system (AMS) is to grow forages within a 1-km radius, as increases in walking distance increases milking interval and reduces yield. The main objective of this study was to explore sustainable forage option technologies that can supply high amount of grazeable forages for AMS herds using the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) model. Three different basic simulation scenarios (with irrigation) were carried out using forage crops (namely maize, soybean and sorghum) for the spring-summer period. Subsequent crops in the three scenarios were forage rape over-sown with ryegrass. Each individual simulation was run using actual climatic records for the period from 1900 to 2010. Simulated highest forage yields in maize, soybean and sorghum- (each followed by forage rape-ryegrass) based rotations were 28.2, 22.9, and 19.3 t dry matter/ha, respectively. The simulations suggested that the irrigation requirement could increase by up to 18%, 16%, and 17% respectively in those rotations in El-Niño years compared to neutral years. On the other hand, irrigation requirement could increase by up to 25%, 23%, and 32% in maize, soybean and sorghum based rotations in El-Nino years compared to La-Nina years. However, irrigation requirement could decrease by up to 8%, 7%, and 13% in maize, soybean and sorghum based rotations in La-Nina years compared to neutral years. The major implication of this study is that APSIM models have potentials in devising preferred forage options to maximise grazeable forage yield which may create the opportunity to grow more forage in small areas around the AMS which in turn will minimise walking distance and milking interval and thus increase milk production. Our analyses also suggest that simulation analysis may provide decision support during climatic uncertainty. PMID:25924963

Modelling Pasture-based Automatic Milking System Herds: Grazeable Forage Options.

PubMed

Islam, M R; Garcia, S C; Clark, C E F; Kerrisk, K L

2015-05-01

One of the challenges to increase milk production in a large pasture-based herd with an automatic milking system (AMS) is to grow forages within a 1-km radius, as increases in walking distance increases milking interval and reduces yield. The main objective of this study was to explore sustainable forage option technologies that can supply high amount of grazeable forages for AMS herds using the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) model. Three different basic simulation scenarios (with irrigation) were carried out using forage crops (namely maize, soybean and sorghum) for the spring-summer period. Subsequent crops in the three scenarios were forage rape over-sown with ryegrass. Each individual simulation was run using actual climatic records for the period from 1900 to 2010. Simulated highest forage yields in maize, soybean and sorghum- (each followed by forage rape-ryegrass) based rotations were 28.2, 22.9, and 19.3 t dry matter/ha, respectively. The simulations suggested that the irrigation requirement could increase by up to 18%, 16%, and 17% respectively in those rotations in El-Niño years compared to neutral years. On the other hand, irrigation requirement could increase by up to 25%, 23%, and 32% in maize, soybean and sorghum based rotations in El-Nino years compared to La-Nina years. However, irrigation requirement could decrease by up to 8%, 7%, and 13% in maize, soybean and sorghum based rotations in La-Nina years compared to neutral years. The major implication of this study is that APSIM models have potentials in devising preferred forage options to maximise grazeable forage yield which may create the opportunity to grow more forage in small areas around the AMS which in turn will minimise walking distance and milking interval and thus increase milk production. Our analyses also suggest that simulation analysis may provide decision support during climatic uncertainty.

Electronic-Theater 2001: Visions of Our Planet's Atmosphere, Land and Oceans

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hasler, Authur; Starr, David OC. (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

The NASA/NOAA/AMS Electronic Theater presents Earth science observations and visualizations in a historical perspective. Fly in from outer space to Wisconsin, Madison and the Monona Terrace Center. Drop in on the Kennedy Space Center and Park City Utah, site of the 2002 Olympics using I m IKONOS "Spy Satellite" data. Go back to the early weather satellite images from the 1960s pioneered by UW. Scientists and see them contrasted with the latest US and International global satellite weather movies including hurricanes & tornadoes. See the latest spectacular images from NASA/NOAA remote sensing missions like Terra GOES, TRMM, SeaWiFS, Landsat 7 that are visualized & explained. See how High Definition Television (HDTV) is revolutionizing the way we communicate science in cooperation with the American Museum of Natural History in NYC. See dust storms in Africa and smoke plumes from fires in Mexico. See visualizations featured on Newsweek, TIME, National Geographic, Popular Science covers & National & International Network TV. New visualization tools allow us to roam & zoom through massive global images eg Landsat tours of the US, Africa, & New Zealand showing desert and mountain geology as well as seasonal changes in vegetation. See animations of the polar ice packs and the motion of gigantic Antarctic Icebergs from SeaWinds data. Spectacular new visualizations of the global atmosphere & oceans are shown. See massive dust storms sweeping across Africa. See vortices and currents in the global oceans that bring up the nutrients to feed tiny plankton and draw the fish, whales and fisherman. See the how the ocean blooms in response to these currents and El Nina/La Nina climate changes. The demonstration is interactively driven by a SGI Onyx 11 Graphics Supercomputer with four CPUs, 8 Gigabytes of RAM and Terabyte of disk. With five projectors on a giant IMAX sized 18 x 72 ft screen. See the city lights, fishing fleets, gas flares and bio-mass burning of the Earth at night observed by the "nightvision" DMSP military satellite.

Global Surface Solar Energy Anomalies Including El Nino and La Nina Years

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Whitlock, C. H.; Brown, D. E.; Chandler, W. S.; DiPasquale, R. C.; Ritchey, Nancy A.; Gupta, Shashi K.; Wilber, Anne C.; Kratz, David P.; Stackhouse, Paul W.

2001-01-01

This paper synthesizes past events in an attempt to define the general magnitude, duration, and location of large surface solar anomalies over the globe. Surface solar energy values are mostly a function of solar zenith angle, cloud conditions, column atmospheric water vapor, aerosols, and surface albedo. For this study, solar and meteorological parameters for the 10-yr period July 1983 through June 1993 are used. These data were generated as part of the Release 3 Surface meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE) activity under the NASA Earth Science Enterprise (ESE) effort. Release 3 SSE uses upgraded input data and methods relative to previous releases. Cloud conditions are based on recent NASA Version-D International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) global satellite radiation and cloud data. Meteorological inputs are from Version-I Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) reanalysis data that uses both weather station and satellite information. Aerosol transmission for different regions and seasons are for an 'average' year based on historic solar energy data from over 1000 ground sites courtesy of Natural Resources Canada (NRCan). These data are input to a new Langley Parameterized Shortwave Algorithm (LPSA) that calculates surface albedo and surface solar energy. That algorithm is an upgraded version of the 'Staylor' algorithm. Calculations are performed for a 280X280 km equal-area grid system over the globe based on 3-hourly input data. A bi-linear interpolation process is used to estimate data output values on a 1 X 1 degree grid system over the globe. Maximum anomalies are examined relative to El Nino and La Nina events in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Maximum year-to-year anomalies over the globe are provided for a 10-year period. The data may assist in the design of systems with increased reliability. It may also allow for better planning for emergency assistance during some atypical events.

Warm Ocean Temperatures Blanket the Far-Western Pacific

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

These data, taken during a 10-day collection cycle ending March 9, 2001, show that above-normal sea-surface heights and warmer ocean temperatures(indicated by the red and white areas) still blanket the far-western tropical Pacific and much of the north (and south) mid-Pacific. Red areas are about 10centimeters (4 inches) above normal; white areas show the sea-surface height is between 14 and 32 centimeters (6 to 13 inches) above normal.

This build-up of heat dominating the Western Pacific was first noted by TOPEX/Poseidon oceanographers more than two years ago and has outlasted the El Nino and La Nina events of the past few years. See: http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/elnino/990127.html . This warmth contrasts with the Bering Sea, Gulf of Alaska and tropical Pacific where lower-than-normal sea levels and cool ocean temperatures continue (indicated by blue areas). The blue areas are between 5 and 13centimeters (2 and 5 inches) below normal, whereas the purple areas range from 14 to 18 centimeters (6 to 7 inches) below normal. Actually, the near-equatorial ocean cooled through the fall of 2000 and into mid-winter and continues almost La Nina-like.

Looking at the entire Pacific basin, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation's warm horseshoe and cool wedge pattern still dominates this sea-level height image. Most recent National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) sea-surface temperature data also clearly illustrate the persistence of this basin-wide pattern. They are available at http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/climo.html

The U.S.-French TOPEX/Poseidon mission is managed by JPL for NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, Washington, D.C. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. For more information on the TOPEX/Poseidon project, see: http://topex-www.jpl.nasa.gov

Detecting causal drivers and empirical prediction of the Indian Summer Monsoon

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Di Capua, G.; Vellore, R.; Raghavan, K.; Coumou, D.

2017-12-01

The Indian summer monsoon (ISM) is crucial for the economy, society and natural ecosystems on the Indian peninsula. Predict the total seasonal rainfall at several months lead time would help to plan effective water management strategies, improve flood or drought protection programs and prevent humanitarian crisis. However, the complexity and strong internal variability of the ISM circulation system make skillful seasonal forecasting challenging. Moreover, to adequately identify the low-frequency, and far-away processes which influence ISM behavior novel tools are needed. We applied a Response-Guided Causal Precursor Detection (RGCPD) scheme, which is a novel empirical prediction method which unites a response-guided community detection scheme with a causal discovery algorithm (CEN). These tool allow us to assess causal pathways between different components of the ISM circulation system and with far-away regions in the tropics, mid-latitudes or Arctic. The scheme has successfully been used to identify causal precursors of the Stratospheric polar vortex enabling skillful predictions at (sub) seasonal timescales (Kretschmer et al. 2016, J.Clim., Kretschmer et al. 2017, GRL). We analyze observed ISM monthly rainfall over the monsoon trough region. Applying causal discovery techniques, we identify several causal precursor communities in the fields of 2m-temperature, sea level pressure and snow depth over Eurasia. Specifically, our results suggest that surface temperature conditions in both tropical and Arctic regions contribute to ISM variability. A linear regression prediction model based on the identified set of communities has good hindcasting skills with 4-5 months lead times. Further we separate El Nino, La Nina and ENSO-neutral years from each other and find that the causal precursors are different dependent on ENSO state. The ENSO-state dependent causal precursors give even higher skill, especially for La Nina years when the ISM is relatively strong. These findings are promising results that might ultimately contribute to both improved understanding of the ISM circulation system and help improving seasonal ISM forecasts.

Impacts of ENSO on the South American Summer Monsoon During 1997-1999

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lau, K.-M.; Zhou, Jia-Yu; Einaudi, Franco (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

Using the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Reanalysis, and CPC Merged Analysis Product (CMAP) rainfall, we have compared and contrasted the anomalies of the South American Summer Monsoon (SASM) during two extreme years of 1997/98 (EI Nino) and 1998/99 (La Nina). The results are assessed against a "canonical" ENSO response (CER) pattern for the SASM obtained from empirical mode decomposition based on a previous period (1980-1995). Overall, the SASM anomalies compare well with CER, but with some important differences. Anomalies occurring in the warm phase of the 1997-98 El Nino are very significant and robust, while those occurring in 1998/99 La Nina, appear to be reversed from 1997/98, but are relatively weak and less well-defined. The most pronounced signal in DJF 1997/98 is the development of drought conditions in northern Brazil, excessive rainfall over northern Peru and Ecuador, and over Uruguay and southern Brazil. The tropical rainfall anomalies are associated with the eastward shift of the Walker circulation, which is represented by pronounced low-level anomalous westerlies over the equatorial eastern Pacific and easterlies over northern Brazil. The easterlies are deflected sharply southeastward by the steep topography of the Andes, enhancing the low-level jet (LLJ) along the eastern foothills of the Andes near 15-20 S. The LLJ penetrates deep into the extratropics, yielding rainfall anomalies further poleward compared to CER. During DJF 1997/98, the eastward expansion of the warm tropospheric temperature over the Nino-3 region causes anomalous geopotential height to develop in the upper troposphere above the Altiplano, leading to a strengthened Bolivian High. An upper-tropospheric jet anomaly maximum is found over the subtropical continent near 30 S, due to increasing meridional gradient of tropospheric temperature, as well as teleconnection patterns linking the South Pacific and the South Atlantic. Consistent with the CER, the South Pacific High is weakened, and the South Atlantic High is strengthened in DJF 1997/98. However, rather than appearing as a coherent large scale signal over the entire Atlantic as in CER, the South Atlantic High anomalies in DJF 1997/98 split into two separate high pressure centers; one located south of the Amazon basin, and another over the southeastern South Atlantic. The former is induced as a Rossby-wave response by ENSO-Induced sinking motion over nor-them and eastern Brazil, and the latter may be associated with extratropical teleconnection signals. Anomalous convection observed over equatorial western Africa may also have contributed to the different circulation response over the Atlantic in DFJ 1997/99 compared to the CER. Comparison of the evolution of the SASM anomalies in 1997-99 with their corresponding annual cycles, suggest that the anomalies are phase-locked to and represent either enhancement or reduction of the annual variations. Results suggest that, from a system perspective the SASM was strengthened during the 1997/98 El Nino and weakened, albeit to a lesser extent, during the 1998/99 La Nina.

Tracking contaminants down the Mississippi

USGS Publications Warehouse

Swarzenski, P.; Campbell, P.

2004-01-01

The Mississippi River and its last major downstream distributary, the Atchafalaya River, provide approximately 90 percent of the freshwater input to the Gulf of Mexico. Analyses of sediment cores using organic and inorganic tracers as well as bethic foraminifera appear to provide a reliable record of the historic variability of hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico over the past few centuries. Natural variability in hypoxic events may be driven largely by flooding cycles of El Nin??o/La Nin??a prior to recent increases in nutrient loading. Specifically, large floods in 1979, 1983, 1993 and 1998, compounded with the widespread use of fertilizers, also appear at least partially responsible for the recent (post-1980) dramatic increase of hypoxic events in the Mississippi Bight.