Martin Drake power plant

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schimmoller, B.K.

2005-08-01

The relatively old Martin Drake coal-fired plant at Colorado Springs is facing challenges to meet environmental requirements whilst satisfying power demands and remaining competition. The article describes measures taken and planned to tackle these challenges. 2 photos.

Martin Gardner's Mistake

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Khovanova, Tanya

2012-01-01

When Martin Gardner first presented the Two-Children problem, he made a mistake in its solution. Later he corrected the error, but unfortunately the incorrect solution is more widely known than his correction. In fact, a Tuesday-Child variation of this problem went viral in 2010, and the same flaw keeps reappearing in proposed solutions of that…

High Blood Pressure

MedlinePlus

... normal blood pressure 140/90 or higher is high blood pressure Between 120 and 139 for the top number, ... prehypertension. Prehypertension means you may end up with high blood pressure, unless you take steps to prevent it. High ...

Martin Van Buren National Historic Site transportation analysis report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-10-01

The Volpe Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center) is providing transportation support to Martin Van Buren National Historic Site's (NHS) first General Management Plan (GMP), which will be complete in 2010 or 2011. Currently, Martin Van Buren NHS...

Convexity of level lines of Martin functions and applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gallagher, A.-K.; Lebl, J.; Ramachandran, K.

2018-01-01

Let Ω be an unbounded domain in R× Rd. A positive harmonic function u on Ω that vanishes on the boundary of Ω is called a Martin function. In this note, we show that, when Ω is convex, the superlevel sets of a Martin function are also convex. As a consequence we obtain that if in addition Ω has certain symmetry with respect to the t-axis, and partial Ω is sufficiently flat, then the maximum of any Martin function along a slice Ω \\cap ({t}× R^d) is attained at (t, 0).

Pressure Dome for High-Pressure Electrolyzer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Norman, Timothy; Schmitt, Edwin

2012-01-01

A high-strength, low-weight pressure vessel dome was designed specifically to house a high-pressure [2,000 psi (approx. = 13.8 MPa)] electrolyzer. In operation, the dome is filled with an inert gas pressurized to roughly 100 psi (approx. = 690 kPa) above the high, balanced pressure product oxygen and hydrogen gas streams. The inert gas acts to reduce the clamping load on electrolyzer stack tie bolts since the dome pressure acting axially inward helps offset the outward axial forces from the stack gas pressure. Likewise, radial and circumferential stresses on electrolyzer frames are minimized. Because the dome is operated at a higher pressure than the electrolyzer product gas, any external electrolyzer leak prevents oxygen or hydrogen from leaking into the dome. Instead the affected stack gas stream pressure rises detectably, thereby enabling a system shutdown. All electrical and fluid connections to the stack are made inside the pressure dome and require special plumbing and electrical dome interfaces for this to be accomplished. Further benefits of the dome are that it can act as a containment shield in the unlikely event of a catastrophic failure. Studies indicate that, for a given active area (and hence, cell ID), frame outside diameter must become ever larger to support stresses at higher operating pressures. This can lead to a large footprint and increased costs associated with thicker and/or larger diameter end-plates, tie-rods, and the frames themselves. One solution is to employ rings that fit snugly around the frame. This complicates stack assembly and is sometimes difficult to achieve in practice, as its success is strongly dependent on frame and ring tolerances, gas pressure, and operating temperature. A pressure dome permits an otherwise low-pressure stack to operate at higher pressures without growing the electrolyzer hardware. The pressure dome consists of two machined segments. An O-ring is placed in an O-ring groove in the flange of the bottom

8. Historic American Buildings Survey, Plate # 52, 'Wohnhaus Martin, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. Historic American Buildings Survey, Plate # 52, 'Wohnhaus Martin, Buffalo, N. Y. Westseite und Einzelheit der Westseite' in Frank Lloyd Wright Ausgefuhrte Bauten (Berlin: Ernst Wasmuth A. G., 1911). - Darwin D. Martin House, 125 Jewett Parkway, Buffalo, Erie County, NY

9. Historic American Buildings Survey, Plate # 44, 'Wohnhaus Martin, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. Historic American Buildings Survey, Plate # 44, 'Wohnhaus Martin, Buffalo, N. Y. Grundriss des Hauptgeschosses' in Frank Lloyd Wright Ausgefuhrte Bauten (Berlin: Ernst Wasmuth A. G., 1911), PLAN OF THE MAIN FLOORS. - Darwin D. Martin House, 125 Jewett Parkway, Buffalo, Erie County, NY

The January 2006 Volcanic-Tectonic Earthquake Swarm at Mount Martin, Alaska

USGS Publications Warehouse

Dixon, James P.; Power, John A.

2009-01-01

On January 8, 2006, a swarm of volcanic-tectonic earthquakes began beneath Mount Martin at the southern end of the Katmai volcanic cluster. This was the first recorded swarm at Mount Martin since continuous seismic monitoring began in 1996. The number of located earthquakes increased during the next four days, reaching a peak on January 11. For the next two days, the seismic activity decreased, and on January 14, the number of events increased to twice the previous day's total. Following this increase in activity, seismicity declined, returning to background levels by the end of the month. The Alaska Volcano Observatory located 860 earthquakes near Mount Martin during January 2006. No additional signs of volcanic unrest were noted in association with this earthquake swarm. The earthquakes in the Mount Martin swarm, relocated using the double difference technique, formed an elongated cluster dipping to the southwest. Focal mechanisms beneath Mount Martin show a mix of normal, thrust, and strike-slip solutions, with normal focal mechanisms dominating. For earthquakes more than 1 km from Mount Martin, all focal mechanisms showed normal faulting. The calculated b-value for the Mount Martin swarm is 0.98 and showed no significant change before, during, or after the swarm. The triggering mechanism for the Mount Martin swarm is unknown. The time-history of earthquake occurrence is indicative of a volcanic cause; however, there were no low-frequency events or observations, such as increased steaming associated with the swarm. During the swarm, there was no change in the b-value, and the distribution and type of focal mechanisms were similar to those in the period before the anomalous activity. The short duration of the swarm, the similarity in observed focal mechanisms, and the lack of additional signs of unrest suggest this swarm did not result from a large influx of magma within the shallow crust beneath Mount Martin.

Cleanliness verification process at Martin Marietta Astronautics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

King, Elizabeth A.; Giordano, Thomas J.

1994-06-01

The Montreal Protocol and the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments mandate CFC-113, other chlorinated fluorocarbons (CFC's) and 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (TCA) be banned from production after December 31, 1995. In response to increasing pressures, the Air Force has formulated policy that prohibits purchase of these solvents for Air Force use after April 1, 1994. In response to the Air Force policy, Martin Marietta Astronautics is in the process of eliminating all CFC's and TCA from use at the Engineering Propulsion Laboratory (EPL), located on Air Force property PJKS. Gross and precision cleaning operations are currently performed on spacecraft components at EPL. The final step of the operation is a rinse with a solvent, typically CFC-113. This solvent is then analyzed for nonvolatile residue (NVR), particle count and total filterable solids (TFS) to determine cleanliness of the parts. The CFC-113 used in this process must be replaced in response to the above policies. Martin Marietta Astronautics, under contract to the Air Force, is currently evaluating and testing alternatives for a cleanliness verification solvent. Completion of test is scheduled for May, 1994. Evaluation of the alternative solvents follows a three step approach. This first is initial testing of solvents picked from literature searches and analysis. The second step is detailed testing of the top candidates from the initial test phase. The final step is implementation and validation of the chosen alternative(s). Testing will include contaminant removal, nonvolatile residue, material compatibility and propellant compatibility. Typical materials and contaminants will be tested with a wide range of solvents. Final results of the three steps will be presented as well as the implementation plan for solvent replacement.

10. Historic American Buildings Survey, Plate # 50, 'Wohnhaus Martin, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. Historic American Buildings Survey, Plate # 50, 'Wohnhaus Martin, Buffalo, N. Y. Kamin in Wohnzimmer' in Frank Lloyd Wright Ausgefuhrte Bauten (Berlin: Ernst Wasmuth A. G., 1911), FIREPLACE IN LIVING ROOM, WEST SIDE. - Darwin D. Martin House, 125 Jewett Parkway, Buffalo, Erie County, NY

[Interview with Professor Dominique Martin].

PubMed

Martin, Dominique

2010-12-01

Interview with Professor Dominique Martin, former chief of the department of plastic surgery at the Pellegrin Hospital, in Bordeaux, and now just retired at 50. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Overview of Lockheed Martin cryocoolers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nast, T.; Olson, J.; Champagne, P.; Evtimov, B.; Frank, D.; Roth, E.; Renna, T.

2006-02-01

Lockheed Martin's Advanced Technology Center (LM-ATC) in Palo Alto, California, has been active in space cryogenic developments for over 30 years. In prior years, work focused on stored cryogen systems for temperatures up to 125 K. As the mechanical cryocoolers matured and demonstrated reliable operation these stored cryogen systems gradually became replaced. LM-ATC is currently developing solid hydrogen systems for temperatures below 7 K [Naes L, Wu S, Cannon J. WISE solid hydrogen cryostat design overview. In: Proceedings of SPIE, cryogenic optical systems and instruments XI, vol. 5904, August, 2005], but these coolers will soon be replaced by mechanical cryocoolers. This paper will present a summary of cryocooler developments at LM-ATC and will describe the recent performance of multiple stage systems. A four-stage pulse tube cryocooler developed under contract to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has been recently developed and operated at 3.8 K [Olson JR, Moore M, Champagne P, Roth E, Evtimov B, Jensen J, et al. Development of a space-type-4-stage pulse tube cryocooler for very low temperatures, Adv Cryogen Engr, vol. 50, Amer Inst of Physics, New York, in press]. Coolers with one, two and three stages have also been widely developed [Nast TC et al. Miniature pulse tube cryocooler for space applications. Cryocoolers, vol. 11. New York: Plenum Press; 2000. p. 145-54; Olson J et al. Development of a 10 K pulse tube cryocooler for space applications. In: Ross R, editor. Cryocoolers, vol. 12. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers; 2003. p. 241-6; Nast TC et al. Lockheed Martin two-stage pulse tube cryocooler for GIFTS. Cryocoolers, vol. 13. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers; 2005; Frank D et al. Lockheed Martin RAMOS engineering model cryocooler. Cryocoolers, vol. 13. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers; 2005]. A staging approach is required to achieve very low temperatures, and also provides cooling at warmer temperatures, which is

Martin Stutzmann: Editor, Teacher, Scientist and Friend

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cardona, Manuel

2005-03-01

On 2 January 1995 Martin Stutzmann became Editor-in-Chief of physica status solidi, replacing Professor E. Gutsche, who had led the journal through the stormy period involving the fall of the Iron Curtain, the unification of Germany and the change in its Eastern part, where physica status solidi was based, from socialism as found in the real world (a German concept) to real world capitalism. In 1995 it was thought that the process had been completed (we should have known better!) and after the retirement of Prof. Gutsche the new owners of physica status solidi (Wiley-VCH) decided that a change in scientific management was desirable to adapt to the new socio-political facts and to insure the scientific continuity of the journal.Martin had moved in 1993 from my department at the Max-Planck-Institute to Munich where he soon displayed a tremendous amount of science man- agement ability during the build-up of the Walter Schottky Institute. The search for a successor as Edi- tor-in-Chief was not easy: the job was not very glamorous after the upheavals which had taken place in the editorial world following the political changes. Somebody in the Editorial Boards must have suggested Martin Stutzmann. I am sure that there was opposition: one usually looks for a well-established person ready to leave his direct involvement in science and take up a new endeavor of a more administrative nature. Nevertheless, the powers that be soon realized that Martin was an excellent, if somewhat unconventional candidate who had enough energy to remain a topnotch scientist and to lead the journal in the difficult times ahead: he was offered the job. In the negotiations that followed, he insisted in getting the administrative structures that would allow him to improve the battered quality of the journal and to continue his scientific productivity. Today we are happy to see that he succeeded in both endeavors. The journal has since grown in size and considerably improved its quality.Martin

13. Historic American Buildings Survey, Plate # 51, 'Wohnhaus Martin, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. Historic American Buildings Survey, Plate # 51, 'Wohnhaus Martin, Buffalo, N. Y. Gesellschaftszimmer und Speisezimmer' in Frank Lloyd Wright Ausgefuhrte Bauten (Berlin: Ernst Wasmuth A. G., 1911), LEFT: RECEPTION ROOM, FIREPLACE ON NORTH WALL, RIGHT: DINING ROOM, VIEW TOWARD NORTHWEST. - Darwin D. Martin House, 125 Jewett Parkway, Buffalo, Erie County, NY

High-field/high-pressure ESR

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sakurai, T.; Okubo, S.; Ohta, H.

2017-07-01

We present a historical review of high-pressure ESR systems with emphasis on our recent development of a high-pressure, high-field, multi-frequency ESR system. Until 2000, the X-band system was almost established using a resonator filled with dielectric materials or a combination of the anvil cell and dielectric resonators. Recent developments have shifted from that in the low-frequency region, such as X-band, to that in multi-frequency region. High-pressure, high-field, multi-frequency ESR systems are classified into two types. First are the systems that use a vector network analyzer or a quasi-optical bridge, which have high sensitivity but a limited frequency region; the second are like our system, which has a very broad frequency region covering the THz region, but lower sensitivity. We will demonstrate the usefulness of our high-pressure ESR system, in addition to its experimental limitations. We also discuss the recent progress of our system and future plans.

Martin Luther, the Educator.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hibler, Richard W.

1985-01-01

Presents a brief biography of Martin Luther, focusing on his work as a reformer of education. Discusses what is known of his childhood, his life in an Augustinian monastery, his posting of the 95 theses against the sale of indulgences and other abuses of the Catholic Church, and his call for universal compulsory schooling. (CT)

76 FR 48049 - Airworthiness Directives; Lockheed Martin Corporation/Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company Model L...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-08

... neither imminently approaching nor had exceeded the manufacturer's original fatigue design life goal. In... scheduling time. (k) For all airplanes: Where Lockheed Document Number LG92ER0060, ``L-1011-385 Series... Corporation/Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company Model L-1011 Series Airplanes AGENCY: Federal Aviation...

11. Historic American Buildings Survey, Plate # 53, 'Wohnhaus Martin, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

11. Historic American Buildings Survey, Plate # 53, 'Wohnhaus Martin, Buffalo, N. Y. Wohnzimmer mit Heizkorper und Beleuchtung' in Frank Lloyd Wright Ausgefuhrte Bauten (Berlin: Ernst Wasmuth A. G., 1911), LIVING ROOM NORTH SIDE, LOOKING TOWARDS DINING ROOM, DOORS TO PORCH AT RIGHT. - Darwin D. Martin House, 125 Jewett Parkway, Buffalo, Erie County, NY

12. Historic American Buildings Survey, Plate # 47, 'Wohnhaus Martin, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. Historic American Buildings Survey, Plate # 47, 'Wohnhaus Martin, Buffalo, N. Y. Gewachshaus und Heizkorper mit Beleuchtung' in Frank Lloyd Wright Ausgefuhrte Bauten (Berlin: Ernst Wasmuth A. G., 1911), LEFT: BOOKCASE IN LIBRARY OR LIVING ROOM WITH LIGHTS, RIGHT: CONSERVATORY (DEMOLISHED). - Darwin D. Martin House, 125 Jewett Parkway, Buffalo, Erie County, NY

Better Informed, Still Skeptical: Response to Machalek and Martin

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lucal, Betsy

2010-01-01

After accepting the editor's invitation to write a response to Richard Machalek and Michael W. Martin's "Evolution, Biology, and Society: A Conversation for the 21st-Century Sociology Classroom," the author took up their recommendation to learn more about recent work on biology and social behavior. She considered seriously Machalek and Martin's…

High-pressure cryogenic seals for pressure vessels

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Buggele, A. E.

1977-01-01

This investigation of the problems associated with reliably containing gaseous helium pressurized to 1530 bars (22 500 psi) between 4.2 K and 150 K led to the following conclusions: (1) common seal designs used in existing elevated-temperature pressure vessels are unsuitable for high-pressure cryogenic operation, (2) extrusion seal-ring materials such as Teflon, tin, and lead are not good seal materials for cryogenic high-pressure operation; and (3) several high-pressure cryogenic seal systems suitable for large-pressure vessel applications were developed; two seals required prepressurization, and one seal functioned repeatedly without any prepressurization. These designs used indium seal rings, brass or 304 stainless-steel anvil rings, and two O-rings of silicone rubber or Kel-F.

Martin Stutzmann: Editor, Teacher, Scientist and Friend

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cardona, Manuel

2005-02-01

On 2 January 1995 Martin Stutzmann became Editor-in-Chief of physica status solidi, replacing Professor E. Gutsche, who had led the journal through the stormy period involving the fall of the Iron Curtain, the unification of Germany and the change in its Eastern part, where physica status solidi was based, from socialism as found in the real world (a German concept) to real world capitalism. In 1995 it was thought that the process had been completed (we should have known better!) and after the retirement of Prof. Gutsche the new owners of physica status solidi (Wiley-VCH) decided that a change in scientific management was desirable to adapt to the new socio-political facts and to insure the scientific continuity of the journal.Martin had moved in 1993 from my department at the Max-Planck-Institute to Munich where he soon displayed a tremendous amount of science man- agement ability during the build-up of the Walter Schottky Institute. The search for a successor as Edi- tor-in-Chief was not easy: the job was not very glamorous after the upheavals which had taken place in the editorial world following the political changes. Somebody in the Editorial Boards must have suggested Martin Stutzmann. I am sure that there was opposition: one usually looks for a well-established person ready to leave his direct involvement in science and take up a new endeavor of a more administrative nature. Nevertheless, the powers that be soon realized that Martin was an excellent, if somewhat unconventional candidate who had enough energy to remain a topnotch scientist and to lead the journal in the difficult times ahead: he was offered the job. In the negotiations that followed, he insisted in getting the administrative structures that would allow him to improve the battered quality of the journal and to continue his scientific productivity. Today we are happy to see that he succeeded in both endeavors. The journal has since grown in size and considerably improved its quality.Martin

AERIAL VIEW OF THE MARTIN BOMBER PLANT LOOKING SOUTHEAST WITH ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

AERIAL VIEW OF THE MARTIN BOMBER PLANT LOOKING SOUTHEAST WITH FORT CROOK AT THE RIGHT. Wing Historian's Office (WHO), ca. 1945 - Offutt Air Force Base, Glenn L. Martin-Nebraska Bomber Plant, Building D, Peacekeeper Drive, Bellevue, Sarpy County, NE

Pressure-resisting cell for high-pressure, high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance measurements at very high magnetic fields

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yamada, H.; Nishikawa, K.; Honda, M.; Shimura, T.; Akasaka, K.; Tabayashi, K.

2001-02-01

A pressure-resisting cell system has been developed for high-pressure high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements up to a maximum pressure of 600 MPa. This cell system is capable of performing high-pressure experiments with any standard spectrometer, including modern high field NMR machines. A full description of the high-pressure NMR assembly mounted on a 750 MHz spectrometer is presented along with a detailed explanation of the procedure for preparing the pressure-resisting quartz and glass cells.

Library Builder: Kimberly Martin--Bonner Springs City Library, KS

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Library Journal, 2004

2004-01-01

Kimberly Martin is just 30, but she's been reinventing the Bonner Springs City Library since late 1998, even before she earned her library degree. Some 20 minutes west of Kansas City, Bonner Springs is a small town (service population around 10,000) in a bustling metropolitan area. Martin's goal is to provide service on a par with the larger…

On the Performance of the Martin Digital Filter for High- and Low-pass Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcclain, C. R.

1979-01-01

A nonrecursive numerical filter is described in which the weighting sequence is optimized by minimizing the excursion from the ideal rectangular filter in a least squares sense over the entire domain of normalized frequency. Additional corrections to the weights in order to reduce overshoot oscillations (Gibbs phenomenon) and to insure unity gain at zero frequency for the low pass filter are incorporated. The filter is characterized by a zero phase shift for all frequencies (due to a symmetric weighting sequence), a finite memory and stability, and it may readily be transformed to a high pass filter. Equations for the filter weights and the frequency response function are presented, and applications to high and low pass filtering are examined. A discussion of optimization of high pass filter parameters for a rather stringent response requirement is given in an application to the removal of aircraft low frequency oscillations superimposed on remotely sensed ocean surface profiles. Several frequency response functions are displayed, both in normalized frequency space and in period space. A comparison of the performance of the Martin filter with some other commonly used low pass digital filters is provided in an application to oceanographic data.

Characterization testing of Lockheed Martin high-power micro pulse tube cryocooler

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McKinley, I. M.; Hummel, C. D.; Johnson, D. L.; Rodriguez, J. I.

2017-12-01

This paper describes the thermal vacuum, microphonics, magnetics, and radiation testing and results of a Lockheed Martin high-power micro pulse tube cryocooler. The thermal performance of the microcooler was measured in vacuum for heat reject temperatures between 185 and 300 K. The cooler was driven with a Chroma 61602 AC power source for input powers ranging from 10 to 60 W and drive frequency between 115 and 140 Hz during thermal performance testing. The optimal drive frequency was dependent on both input power and heat reject temperature. In addition, the microphonics of the cooler were measured with the cooler driven by Iris Technologies LCCE-2 and HP-LCCE drive electronics for input powers ranging from 10 to 60 W and drive frequency between 135 and 145 Hz. The exported forces were strongly dependent on input power while only weakly dependent on the drive frequency. Moreover, the exported force in the compressor axis was minimized by closed loop control with the HP-LCCE. The cooler also survived a 500 krad radiation dose while being continuously operated with 30 W of input power at 220 K heat rejection temperature in vacuum. Finally, the DC and AC magnetic fields around the cooler were measured at various locations.

A Response to Jane Sahi's "Dialogue as Education: Martin Buber"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baniwal, Vikas

2014-01-01

This article is inspired by Jane Sahi's commentary, "Dialogue as Education: Martin Buber," published under the feature "Classics with Commentary" in the Monsoon 2005 issue of "Contemporary Education Dialogue." I seek to further the discussion of the contributions of Martin Buber to the discourse of education through…

Study of the strength of molybdenum under high pressure using electromagnetically applied compression-shear ramp loading

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ding, Jow; Alexander, C. Scott; Asay, James

2015-06-01

MAPS (Magnetically Applied Pressure Shear) is a new technique that has the potential to study material strength under mega-bar pressures. By applying a mixed-mode pressure-shear loading and measuring the resultant material responses, the technique provides explicit and direct information on material strength under high pressure. In order to apply sufficient shear traction to the test sample, the driver must have substantial strength. Molybdenum was selected for this reason along with its good electrical conductivity. In this work, the mechanical behavior of molybdenum under MAPS loading was studied. To understand the experimental data, a viscoplasticity model with tension-compression asymmetry was also developed. Through a combination of experimental characterization, model development, and numerical simulation, many unique insights were gained on the inelastic behavior of molybdenum such as the effects of strength on the interplay between longitudinal and shear stresses, potential interaction between the magnetic field and molybdenum strength, and the possible tension-compression asymmetry of the inelastic material response. Sandia National Labs is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corp., for the U.S. Dept. of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.

GENERAL VIEW OF THE MARTIN BOMBER PLANT LOOKING SOUTHWEST FROM ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

GENERAL VIEW OF THE MARTIN BOMBER PLANT LOOKING SOUTHWEST FROM "HOSPITAL HILL" SHOWING FROM THE LEFT THE METAL & PAPER SALVAGE BUILDING, AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURING AND ASSEMBLY BUILDING, BOILER HOUSE, OIL HOUSE, AND ADMINISTRATION BUILDLING. - Offutt Air Force Base, Glenn L. Martin-Nebraska Bomber Plant, Building D, Peacekeeper Drive, Bellevue, Sarpy County, NE

The Newest Monument: The Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Social Studies and the Young Learner, 2011

2011-01-01

This article features the newest monument, the Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial. The memorial on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., honoring Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. will be an engaging landscape experience to convey four fundamental and recurring themes throughout Dr. King's life--democracy, justice, hope, and love. Natural…

Three Decades Investigating Humor and Laughter: An Interview With Professor Rod Martin.

PubMed

Martin, Rod; Kuiper, Nicholas A

2016-08-01

Since the start of the 21st century, the investigation of various psychological aspects of humor and laughter has become an increasingly prominent topic of research. This growth can be attributed, in no small part, to the pioneering and creative work on humor and laughter conducted by Professor Rod Martin. Dr. Martin's research interests in humor and laughter began in the early 1980s and continued throughout his 32 year long career as a professor of clinical psychology at the University of Western Ontario. During this time, Dr. Martin published numerous scholarly articles, chapters, and books on psychological aspects of humor and laughter. Professor Martin has just retired in July 2016, and in the present interview he recounts a number of research highlights of his illustrious career. Dr. Martin's earliest influential work, conducted while he was still in graduate school, stemmed from an individual difference perspective that focused on the beneficial effects of sense of humor on psychological well-being. This research focus remained evident in many of Professor Martin's subsequent investigations, but became increasingly refined as he developed several measures of different components of sense of humor, including both adaptive and maladaptive humor styles. In this interview, Dr. Martin describes the conceptualization, development and use of the Humor Styles Questionnaire, along with suggestions for future research and development. In doing so, he also discusses the three main components of humor (i.e., cognitive, emotional and interpersonal), as well as the distinctions and similarities between humor and laughter. Further highlights of this interview include Professor Martin's comments on such diverse issues as the genetic versus environmental loadings for sense of humor, the multifaceted nature of the construct of humor, and the possible limitations of teaching individuals to use humor in a beneficial manner to cope with stress and enhance their social and

NREL Wins Martin Luther King Award

Science.gov Websites

the Martin Luther King, Jr. Business Social Responsibility Award for its support of minority and women Luther King, Jr. Business Social Responsibility Award will be presented during ceremonies at 11:45 a.m

High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)

MedlinePlus

... For Consumers Consumer Information by Audience For Women High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) Share Tweet Linkedin Pin it More sharing options ... En Español Who is at risk? How is high blood pressure treated? Understanding your blood pressure: What do the ...

The Words of Martin Luther King, Jr.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Today's Education, 1979

1979-01-01

Excerpts from speeches by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., are reprinted. Topics discussed include discrimination, the South, education, nonviolent resistance, poverty, economic opportunity, and world peace. (LH)

Cryogenic High Pressure Sensor Module

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chapman, John J. (Inventor); Shams, Qamar A. (Inventor); Powers, William T. (Inventor)

1999-01-01

A pressure sensor is provided for cryogenic, high pressure applications. A highly doped silicon piezoresistive pressure sensor is bonded to a silicon substrate in an absolute pressure sensing configuration. The absolute pressure sensor is bonded to an aluminum nitride substrate. Aluminum nitride has appropriate coefficient of thermal expansion for use with highly doped silicon at cryogenic temperatures. A group of sensors, either two sensors on two substrates or four sensors on a single substrate are packaged in a pressure vessel.

Cryogenic, Absolute, High Pressure Sensor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chapman, John J. (Inventor); Shams. Qamar A. (Inventor); Powers, William T. (Inventor)

2001-01-01

A pressure sensor is provided for cryogenic, high pressure applications. A highly doped silicon piezoresistive pressure sensor is bonded to a silicon substrate in an absolute pressure sensing configuration. The absolute pressure sensor is bonded to an aluminum nitride substrate. Aluminum nitride has appropriate coefficient of thermal expansion for use with highly doped silicon at cryogenic temperatures. A group of sensors, either two sensors on two substrates or four sensors on a single substrate are packaged in a pressure vessel.

How Big Are "Martin's Big Words"? Thinking Big about the Future.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gardner, Traci

"Martin's Big Words: The Life of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr." tells of King's childhood determination to use "big words" through biographical information and quotations. In this lesson, students in grades 3 to 5 explore information on Dr. King to think about his "big" words, then they write about their own…

Recent advancements in robotic micro-optical assembly at the Lockheed Martin Optical Payload Center of Excellence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hwang, David; Larson, Thomas M.

2017-08-01

Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company Optical Payloads Center of Excellence is in process of standing up the Robotic Optical Assembly System (ROAS) capability at Lockheed Martin Coherent Technologies in Colorado. This currently implemented Robotic Optical Assembly has enabled Lockheed Martin to create world-leading, ultra-lowSWAP photonic devices using a closed-loop control robot to precisely position and align micro-optics with a potential fill factor of >25 optics per square inch. This paper will discuss the anticipated applications and optical capability when ROAS is fully operational, as well as challenge the audience to update their "rules of thumb" and best practices when designing low-SWAP optical-mechanical systems that take advantage of Lockheed Martin's ROAS capability. This paper will reveal demonstrated optical pointing and stability performance achievable with ROAS and why we believe these optical specifications are relevant for the majority of anticipated applications. After a high level overview of the ROAS current state, this paper will focus in on recent results of the "Reworkable Micro-Optics Mounting IRAD". Results from this IRAD will correlate to the anticipated optical specifications required for relevant applications.

Mercury in the gold mining district of San Martin de Loba, South of Bolivar (Colombia).

PubMed

Olivero-Verbel, Jesus; Caballero-Gallardo, Karina; Turizo-Tapia, Alexi

2015-04-01

Gold mining is responsible for most Hg pollution in developing countries. The aims of this study were to assess the levels of total Hg (T-Hg) in human hair, fish, water, macrophyte, and sediment samples in the gold mining district of San Martin de Loba, Colombia, as well as to determine fish consumption-based risks for T-Hg ingestion. T-Hg levels were measured by electrothermal atomization and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The overall mean T-Hg level in hair for humans in the mining district of San Martin de Loba was 2.12 μg/g, whereas for the reference site, Chimichagua, Cesar, it was 0.58 μg/g. Mean T-Hg levels were not different when considered within localities belonging to the mining district but differed when the comparison included Chimichagua. T-Hg levels in examined locations were weakly but significantly associated with age and height, as well as with fish consumption, except in San Martin de Loba. High T-Hg concentrations in fish were detected in Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum, Caquetaia kraussii, Ageneiosus pardalis, Cyrtocharax magdalenae, and Triportheus magdalenae, whereas the lowest appeared in Prochilodus magdalenae and Hemiancistrus wilsoni. In terms of Hg exposure due to fish consumption, only these last two species offer some guarantee of low risk for Hg-related health problems. Water, floating macrophytes, and sediments from effluents near mining sites also had high Hg values. In mines of San Martin de Loba and Hatillo de Loba, for instance, the geoaccumulation index (I(geo)) for sediments reached values greater than 6, indicating extreme pollution. In short, these data support the presence of a high Hg-polluted environment in this mining district, with direct risk for deleterious effects on the health of the mining communities.

78 FR 35630 - Martin Dam Hydroelectric Project; Notice of Availability of the Draft Environmental Impact...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-13

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Project No. 349-173] Martin Dam Hydroelectric Project; Notice of Availability of the Draft Environmental Impact Statement for the Martin Dam... the Martin Dam Hydroelectric Project (FERC No. 349), located on the Tallapoosa River in Tallapoosa...

High blood pressure - children

MedlinePlus

... this page: //medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007696.htm High blood pressure - children To use the sharing features on this page, please enable JavaScript. High blood pressure (hypertension) is an increase in the force of ...

High temperature pressure gauge

DOEpatents

Echtler, J. Paul; Scandrol, Roy O.

1981-01-01

A high temperature pressure gauge comprising a pressure gauge positioned in fluid communication with one end of a conduit which has a diaphragm mounted in its other end. The conduit is filled with a low melting metal alloy above the diaphragm for a portion of its length with a high temperature fluid being positioned in the remaining length of the conduit and in the pressure gauge.

Martin Van Buren's "Return to the Soil." Teaching with Historic Places.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Register of Historic Places, Washington, DC. Interagency Resources Div.

Using primary documents, maps, and visual data, this lesson packet focuses on Martin Van Buren and his retirement home, Lindenwald, which is on the National Register of Historic Places. The lesson materials compliment classroom study of early 19th century politics by tracing the life of Martin Van Buren and his role in the Jacksonian Era. Included…

Martin Winckler.

PubMed

Winckler, Martin

2004-03-27

Martin Winckler, born Marc Zaffran in 1955, is a French family doctor, a writer, a translator, and a cultural critic. Since the publication of La Vacation (Paris: POL, 1989), a novel based on his experience in an abortion clinic, he has published more than 20 books (fiction and non-fiction), including a user's manual of contraceptive devices (Contraceptions mode d'emploi. Vauvert: Le Diable Vauvert, 2003). His novel La maladie de Sachs has been translated into English as The Case of Dr Sachs (New York: Seven Stories Press, 2000). Winckler was recently a guest speaker at the Joint Meeting of the American Society of Bioethics and Humanities and the Canadian Society of Bioethics in Montreal, Canada. He will be a guest speaker at the Royal College of General Practitioners' Spring Symposium, in April this year in Bournemouth, UK.

Rejoinder to Guterman, Martin, and Kopp

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hansen, James T.

2012-01-01

In their reply to the author's keystone article (Hansen, 2012), Guterman, Martin, and Kopp (2012) charge that the author's integrative framework was not sufficiently integrative. They also argue that his proposal results in logical contradictions and the mind-body problem. The author responds by noting that his proposal fully integrates the…

High blood pressure medicines

MedlinePlus

Hypertension - medicines ... blood vessel diseases. You may need to take medicines to lower your blood pressure if lifestyle changes ... blood pressure to the target level. WHEN ARE MEDICINES FOR HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE USED Most of the ...

Health hazard evaluation report HETA 81-472-1380, Pennsylvania Power and Light, Martins Creek Steam Electric Station, Martins Creek, Pennsylvania

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lewis, F.A.

1983-10-01

In August 1980, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) received a request from the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Local 1600 for a Health Hazard Evaluation at the Pennsylvania Power and Light Company's Martins Creek Steam Electric Station in Martins Creek, Pennsylvania. The union was concerned about potential health and explosion hazards to employees from coal dust in Units 1 and 2 and the coal field. Based on environmental studies conducted at the time of the survey, NIOSH has determined that a potential health hazard may have existed due to exposure to respirable coal dust and quartz.more » Recommendations were made to ensure that potential health and explosion hazards are avoided in the future.« less

75 FR 15739 - Lockheed Martin: Cleveland, OH; Notice of Termination of Investigation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-30

... DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Employment and Training Administration [TA-W-73,284] Lockheed Martin: Cleveland, OH; Notice of Termination of Investigation Pursuant to Section 223 of the Trade Act of 1974, as... official on behalf of workers of Lockheed Martin, Cleveland, Ohio. The petitioner(s) has (have) requested...

Materials discovery at high pressures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Lijun; Wang, Yanchao; Lv, Jian; Ma, Yanming

2017-02-01

Pressure is a fundamental thermodynamic variable that can be used to control the properties of materials, because it reduces interatomic distances and profoundly modifies electronic orbitals and bonding patterns. It is thus a versatile tool for the creation of exotic materials not accessible at ambient conditions. Recently developed static and dynamic high-pressure experimental techniques have led to the synthesis of many functional materials with excellent performance: for example, superconductors, superhard materials and high-energy-density materials. Some of these advances have been aided and accelerated by first-principles crystal-structure searching simulations. In this Review, we discuss recent progress in high-pressure materials discovery, placing particular emphasis on the record high-temperature superconductivity in hydrogen sulfide and on nanotwinned cubic boron nitride and diamond, the hardest known materials. Energy materials and exotic chemical materials obtained under high pressures are also discussed. The main drawback of high-pressure materials is their destabilization after pressure release; this problem and its possible solutions are surveyed in the conclusions, which also provide an outlook on the future developments in the field.

Orbital Space Plane (OSP) Program at Lockheed Martin

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ford, Robert

2003-01-01

Lockheed Martin has been an active participant in NASA's Space Launch Initiative (SLI) programs over the past several years. SLI, part of NASA's Integrated Space Transportation Plan (ISTP), was restructured in November 2002 to focus the overall theme of safer, more affordable space transportation along two paths the Orbital Space Plane (OSP) and the Next Generation Launch Technology programs. The Orbital Space Plane program has the goal of providing rescue capability from the International Space Station by 2008 or earlier and transfer capability for crew (and contingency cargo) by 2012. The Next Generation Launch Technology program is combining research and development efforts from the 2d Generation Reusable Launch Vehicle (2GRLV) program with cutting-edge, advanced space transportation programs (previously designated 31d Generation) into one program aimed at enabling safe, reliable, cost-effective reusable launch systems by the middle of the next decade. Lockheed Martin is one of three prime contractors working to bring Orbital Space Plane system concepts to a system design level of maturity by December 2003. This paper and presentation will update the aerospace community on the progress of the OSP program, from an industry perspective, and provide insights into Lockheed Martin's role in enabling the vision of a safer, more affordable means of taking people to and from space.

New Observatory at the University of Tennessee at Martin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Crews, Lionel J.; Chrysler, R.; Turner, K.

2010-01-01

A new observatory has been completed at the University of Tennessee at Martin and is now open for student research, local teacher training, and public outreach. The telescope is a 16" Meade RCT on a Software Bisque Paramount ME mount, 10' HomeDome, and SBIG CCD camera. The project endured many delays from a necessary change in housing from roll-top roof to dome, to the shutter blowing off in a heavy windstorm. This project was funded primarily by a Tennessee Math-Science Partnership grant (PI: Dr. Michael Gibson, UT Martin) directed at secondary teacher training in sciences.

HIGH-TEMPERATURE AND HIGH-PRESSURE PARTICULATE CONTROL REQUIREMENTS

EPA Science Inventory

The report reviews and evaluates high-temperature and high-pressure particulate cleanup requirements of existing and proposed energy processes. The study's aims are to define specific high-temperature and high-pressure particle removal problems, to indicate potential solutions, a...

Nietzsche, autobiography, history: mourning and Martin and John.

PubMed

Champagne, J

1998-01-01

How might gay and lesbian literature be read not as a mimetic representation of homosexuality, but as an activity linked to problems of subjectivity and historiography? Reading Dale Peck's novel Martin and John alongside passages from Friedrich Nietzsche's "On the Uses and Disadvantages of History for Life" and Sigmund Freud's "Mourning and Melancholia," this essay argues for an understanding of Peck's text as an attempt to link two apparently different processes of import to contemporary gay male subjects in particular: the writing of what Nietzsche terms "critical history," and the mourning of those lost to HIV disease. It concludes by linking Martin and John to feminist critiques of identity and traditional historiography, as well as noting the connection between these two critiques.

High Pressure Biomass Gasification

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Agrawal, Pradeep K

2016-07-29

According to the Billion Ton Report, the U.S. has a large supply of biomass available that can supplement fossil fuels for producing chemicals and transportation fuels. Agricultural waste, forest residue, and energy crops offer potential benefits: renewable feedstock, zero to low CO 2 emissions depending on the specific source, and domestic supply availability. Biomass can be converted into chemicals and fuels using one of several approaches: (i) biological platform converts corn into ethanol by using depolymerization of cellulose to form sugars followed by fermentation, (ii) low-temperature pyrolysis to obtain bio-oils which must be treated to reduce oxygen content via HDOmore » hydrodeoxygenation), and (iii) high temperature pyrolysis to produce syngas (CO + H 2). This last approach consists of producing syngas using the thermal platform which can be used to produce a variety of chemicals and fuels. The goal of this project was to develop an improved understanding of the gasification of biomass at high pressure conditions and how various gasification parameters might affect the gasification behavior. Since most downstream applications of synags conversion (e.g., alcohol synthesis, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis etc) involve utilizing high pressure catalytic processes, there is an interest in carrying out the biomass gasification at high pressure which can potentially reduce the gasifier size and subsequent downstream cleaning processes. It is traditionally accepted that high pressure should increase the gasification rates (kinetic effect). There is also precedence from coal gasification literature from the 1970s that high pressure gasification would be a beneficial route to consider. Traditional approach of using thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) or high-pressure themogravimetric analyzer (PTGA) worked well in understanding the gasification kinetics of coal gasification which was useful in designing high pressure coal gasification processes. However, similar approach

African Americans and High Blood Pressure

MedlinePlus

ANSWERS by heart Lifestyle + Risk Reduction High Blood Pressure What About African Americans and High Blood Pressure? African Americans in the U.S. have a higher prevalence of high blood pressure (HBP) ...

High Blood Pressure and Kidney Disease

MedlinePlus

... Your Kidneys & How They Work High Blood Pressure & Kidney Disease What is high blood pressure? Blood pressure ... have their blood pressure checked. What are the kidneys and what do they do? The kidneys are ...

Elasticity of Unquenchable High-Pressure Clinopyroxene at High Pressures and Temperatures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kung, J.; Li, B.; Uchida, T.; Wang, Y.

2003-12-01

A phase transformation in (Mg,Fe)SiO3, one of the common constituent of the Earth's crust and upper mantle, from orthorhombic (OEN) to monoclinic symmetry is likely to occur in the deeper portions of the upper mantle (Pacalo and Gasparik, 1990; Kanzaki, 1991). Angel et al. (1992) confirmed that the clinoenstatite phase above 8 GPa is an unquenchable high pressure monoclinic phase (HP-CEN), space group C2/c. Due to its unquenchable nature, this high pressure clinoenstatite has to be synthesized within its stability field in order to study its elasticity. The elasticity measurements were carried out using the ultrasonic technique in the large volume apparatus in conjunction with in-situ X-radiation techniques (X-ray diffraction and X-radiography). The experimental setup has made possible to monitor the length change of sample during experiment, as well as the measurements of travel times and density of the sample simultaneously. The starting material for the acoustic experiment was a well-sintered OEN polycrystalline specimen, which was hot-pressed at conditions of 5 GPa, 1000 degree C for an hour prior the experiment. After the OEN fully transformed to the HP-CEN at pressure of 13 GPa, 1000 degree C during the acoustic experiment, elasticity and X-ray data have been collected along a series of heating/cooling cycles at different pressures during the decompression. The data collection was stopped at 6.5 GPa because of the phase transition from HP-CEN to LP-CEN at lower pressure. The resulting bulk and shear moduli at different P-T conditions were treated as linear functions of both pressure and temperature with adjustable parameters: moduli at 6.5 GPa, room temperature, the pressure derivatives at constant temperatures, and the temperature derivatives at constant pressures. Compared with OEN (Flesch et al., 1998), our results show that the pressure derivatives of the bulk and shear moduli of HP-CEN are similar to those of OEN when the conditions of 6.5 GPa, room

High-pressure minerals in shocked meteorites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tomioka, Naotaka; Miyahara, Masaaki

2017-09-01

Heavily shocked meteorites contain various types of high-pressure polymorphs of major minerals (olivine, pyroxene, feldspar, and quartz) and accessory minerals (chromite and Ca phosphate). These high-pressure minerals are micron to submicron sized and occur within and in the vicinity of shock-induced melt veins and melt pockets in chondrites and lunar, howardite-eucrite-diogenite (HED), and Martian meteorites. Their occurrence suggests two types of formation mechanisms (1) solid-state high-pressure transformation of the host-rock minerals into monomineralic polycrystalline aggregates, and (2) crystallization of chondritic or monomineralic melts under high pressure. Based on experimentally determined phase relations, their formation pressures are limited to the pressure range up to 25 GPa. Textural, crystallographic, and chemical characteristics of high-pressure minerals provide clues about the impact events of meteorite parent bodies, including their size and mutual collision velocities and about the mineralogy of deep planetary interiors. The aim of this article is to review and summarize the findings on natural high-pressure minerals in shocked meteorites that have been reported over the past 50 years.

X-33 Proposal by Lockheed Martin - Computer Graphic

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1996-01-01

This artist's rendering depicts the Lockheed Martin X-33 for a technology demonstrator of a Single-Stage-To-Orbit (SSTO) Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV), as submitted in the aerospace company's original proposal. NASA selected Lockheed Martin's design on 2 July 1996. NASA's Dryden Flight research Center, Edwards, California, was to have had a key role in the development and flight testing of the X-33. The RLV technology program was a cooperative agreement between NASA and industry. The goal of the RLV technology program was to enable significant reductions in the cost of access to space, and to promote the creation and delivery of new space services and other activities that was to have improved U.S. economic competitiveness. The X-33 was a wedged-shaped subscale technology demonstrator prototype of a potential future Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) that Lockheed Martin had dubbed VentureStar. The company had hoped to develop VentureStar early this century. Through demonstration flight and ground research, NASA's X-33 program was to have provided the information needed for industry representatives such as Lockheed Martin to decide whether to proceed with the development of a full-scale, commercial RLV program. A full-scale, single-stage-to-orbit RLV was to have dramatically increased reliability and lowered the costs of putting a pound of payload into space, from the current figure of $10,000 to $1,000. Reducing the cost associated with transporting payloads in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) by using a commercial RLV was to have created new opportunities for space access and significantly improve U.S. economic competitiveness in the world-wide launch marketplace. NASA expected to be a customer, not the operator, of the commercial RLV. The X-33 design was based on a lifting body shape with two revolutionary 'linear aerospike' rocket engines and a rugged metallic thermal protection system. The vehicle also had lightweight components and fuel tanks built to conform to the vehicle

High pressure metrology for industrial applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sabuga, Wladimir; Rabault, Thierry; Wüthrich, Christian; Pražák, Dominik; Chytil, Miroslav; Brouwer, Ludwig; Ahmed, Ahmed D. S.

2017-12-01

To meet the needs of industries using high pressure technologies, in traceable, reliable and accurate pressure measurements, a joint research project of the five national metrology institutes and the university was carried out within the European Metrology Research Programme. In particular, finite element methods were established for stress-strain analysis of elastic and nonlinear elastic-plastic deformation, as well as of contact processes in pressure-measuring piston-cylinder assemblies, and high-pressure components at pressures above 1 GPa. New pressure measuring multipliers were developed and characterised, which allow realisation of the pressure scale up to 1.6 GPa. This characterisation is based on research including measurements of material elastic constants by the resonant ultrasound spectroscopy, hardness of materials of high pressure components, density and viscosity of pressure transmitting liquids at pressures up to 1.4 GPa and dimensional measurements on piston-cylinders. A 1.6 GPa pressure system was created for operation of the 1.6 GPa multipliers and calibration of high pressure transducers. A transfer standard for 1.5 GPa pressure range, based on pressure transducers, was built and tested. Herewith, the project developed the capability of measuring pressures up to 1.6 GPa, from which industrial users can calibrate their pressure measurement devices for accurate measurements up to 1.5 GPa.

High pressure and high temperature apparatus

DOEpatents

Voronov, Oleg A.

2005-09-13

A design for high pressure/high temperature apparatus and reaction cell to achieve .about.30 GPa pressure in .about.1 cm volume and .about.100 GPa pressure in .about.1 mm volumes and 20-5000.degree. C. temperatures in a static regime. The device includes profiled anvils (28) action on a reaction cell (14, 16) containing the material (26) to be processed. The reaction cell includes a heater (18) surrounded by insulating layers and screens. Surrounding the anvils are cylindrical inserts and supporting rings (30-48) whose hardness increases towards the reaction cell. These volumes may be increased considerably if applications require it, making use of presses that have larger loading force capability, larger frames and using larger anvils.

High-Pressure Quasi-Isentropic Loading and Unloading of Interferometer Windows on the Veloce Pulsed Power Generator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ao, Tommy; Asay, James; Knudson, Marcus; Davis, Jean-Paul

2007-06-01

The Isentropic Compression Experiment technique has proven to be a valuable complement to the well-established method of shock compression of condensed matter. However, whereas the high-pressure compression response of window materials has been studied extensively under shock loading, similar knowledge of these materials under ICE loading is limited. We present recent experimental results on the isentropic compression of the high-pressure windows sapphire and LiF. It has previously been observed that c-cut sapphire yields under shock loading at the HEL of ˜15-18GPa, and subsequently loses transparency at higher stresses. However, it will be shown that under isentropic ramp wave loading sapphire appears to remain elastic and transparent at stresses well above 20GPa [D.B. Hayes et al, JAP 94, 2331 (2003)]. LiF is another frequently used window material in isentropic loading and unloading experiments, yet the unloading response of LiF is usually neglected. Research is in progress to measure strength properties of LiF for ramp loading and unloading. It will be shown how the strength of LiF may influence wave profile analysis and thus inferred material strength. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corp., a Lockheed Martin Company, for the US DOE's NNSA under Contract No.DE-AC04-94AL85000.

What Is High Blood Pressure?

MedlinePlus

... Disease Venous Thromboembolism Aortic Aneurysm More What is High Blood Pressure? Updated:Feb 27,2018 First, let’s define high ... resources . This content was last reviewed October 2016. High Blood Pressure • Home • Get the Facts About HBP Introduction What ...

Simple Experiments for Teaching Air Pressure

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shamsipour, Gholamreza

2006-01-01

Everyone who teaches physics knows very well that sometimes a simple device or experiment can help to make a concept clear. In this paper, inspired by "The Jumping Pencil" by Martin Gardner, I will discuss a simple demonstration device that can be used to start the study of air pressure.

High pressure phase transformations revisited

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Levitas, Valery I.

2018-04-01

High pressure phase transformations play an important role in the search for new materials and material synthesis, as well as in geophysics. However, they are poorly characterized, and phase transformation pressure and pressure hysteresis vary drastically in experiments of different researchers, with different pressure transmitting media, and with different material suppliers. Here we review the current state, challenges in studying phase transformations under high pressure, and the possible ways in overcoming the challenges. This field is critically compared with fields of phase transformations under normal pressure in steels and shape memory alloys, as well as plastic deformation of materials. The main reason for the above mentioned discrepancy is the lack of understanding that there is a fundamental difference between pressure-induced transformations under hydrostatic conditions, stress-induced transformations under nonhydrostatic conditions below yield, and strain-induced transformations during plastic flow. Each of these types of transformations has different mechanisms and requires a completely different thermodynamic and kinetic description and experimental characterization. In comparison with other fields the following challenges are indicated for high pressure phase transformation: (a) initial and evolving microstructure is not included in characterization of transformations; (b) continuum theory is poorly developed; (c) heterogeneous stress and strain fields in experiments are not determined, which leads to confusing material transformational properties with a system behavior. Some ways to advance the field of high pressure phase transformations are suggested. The key points are: (a) to take into account plastic deformations and microstructure evolution during transformations; (b) to formulate phase transformation criteria and kinetic equations in terms of stress and plastic strain tensors (instead of pressure alone); (c) to develop multiscale continuum

High pressure phase transformations revisited.

PubMed

Levitas, Valery I

2018-04-25

High pressure phase transformations play an important role in the search for new materials and material synthesis, as well as in geophysics. However, they are poorly characterized, and phase transformation pressure and pressure hysteresis vary drastically in experiments of different researchers, with different pressure transmitting media, and with different material suppliers. Here we review the current state, challenges in studying phase transformations under high pressure, and the possible ways in overcoming the challenges. This field is critically compared with fields of phase transformations under normal pressure in steels and shape memory alloys, as well as plastic deformation of materials. The main reason for the above mentioned discrepancy is the lack of understanding that there is a fundamental difference between pressure-induced transformations under hydrostatic conditions, stress-induced transformations under nonhydrostatic conditions below yield, and strain-induced transformations during plastic flow. Each of these types of transformations has different mechanisms and requires a completely different thermodynamic and kinetic description and experimental characterization. In comparison with other fields the following challenges are indicated for high pressure phase transformation: (a) initial and evolving microstructure is not included in characterization of transformations; (b) continuum theory is poorly developed; (c) heterogeneous stress and strain fields in experiments are not determined, which leads to confusing material transformational properties with a system behavior. Some ways to advance the field of high pressure phase transformations are suggested. The key points are: (a) to take into account plastic deformations and microstructure evolution during transformations; (b) to formulate phase transformation criteria and kinetic equations in terms of stress and plastic strain tensors (instead of pressure alone); (c) to develop multiscale continuum

The Liquid Krypton Hugoniot at Megabar Pressures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Root, Seth; Magyar, Rudy J.; Mattsson, Ann E.; Hanson, David L.; Mattsson, Thomas R.

2011-06-01

Krypton is an ideal candidate to study multi-Mbar pressure effects on elements with filled-shell electron configurations. Few experimental data on Kr at high pressures exist, however, with prior Hugoniot data limited to below 1 Mbar. Similar to liquid xenon, the current Kr equation of state (EOS) models agree with the data and each other below 1 Mbar, but diverge with increasing pressure. We examine the liquid Kr Hugoniot up to 8 Mbar by using density functional theory (DFT) methods and by performing shock compression experiments on the Sandia Z - accelerator. Our initial DFT Kr Hugoniot calculations indicated the standard PAW potential is inadequate at the high pressures and temperatures occurring under strong shock compression. A new Kr PAW potential was constructed giving improved scattering properties of the atom at high energies. The Z Hugoniot measurements above 1 Mbar validated the DFT results and the pseudo-potential. The DFT and Z results suggest that the current EOS models require some modifications. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Company, for the U. S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.

Martin Luther King, Jr. Teacher's Resource Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Connecticut State Dept. of Education, Hartford.

This Connecticut teachers' manual on Martin Luther King, Jr. includes: (1) teacher background information; (2) five excerpts from King's speeches; (3) four themes for lesson plans; and (4) sample lesson plans. The teacher's background information provides biographical sketches of King and his precursors. The five speeches reproduced here are…

High blood pressure - medicine-related

MedlinePlus

Drug-induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by using a chemical substance or medicine. ... of the arteries There are several types of high blood pressure : Essential hypertension has no cause that can be ...

Archer John Porter Martin CBE 1 March 1910 - 28 July 2002.

PubMed

Lovelock, James

2004-01-01

We judge the worth of a scientist by the benefits he or she brings to science and society; by this measure Archer Martin was outstanding, and rightfully his contribution was recognized with a Nobel Prize. Scientific instruments and instrumental methods now come almost entirely from commercial sources and we take them for granted and often have little idea how they work. Archer Martin was of a different time when scientists would often devise their own new instruments, which usually they fully understood, and then they would use them to explore the world. The chromatographic methods and instruments Martin devised were at least as crucial in the genesis and development of molecular biology as were those from X-ray crystallography. Liquid partition chromatography, especially in its two-dimensional paper form, revealed the amino acid composition of proteins and the nucleic acid composition of DNA and RNA with a rapid and elegant facility. Gas chromatography (GC) enabled the accurate and rapid analysis of lips, which previously had been painfully slow and little more than a greasy sticky confusion of beaker chemistry. Martin's instruments enabled progress in the sciences ranging from geophysics to biology , and without im we might have waited decades before another equivalent genius appeared. More than this, the environmental awareness that Rachel Carson gave us would never had solidified as it did without the evidence of global change measured by GC. This instrumental method provided accurate evidence about the ubiquity of pesticides and pollutants and later made us aware of the growing accumulation in the atmosphere of chlorinated fluorocarbons, nitrous oxide and other ozone-depleting chemicals. If all this were not enough to glorify Martin's partition chromatography, there is the undoubted fact that its simplicity, economy and exquisite resolving power transformed the chemical industry and made possible so many of the conveniences we now take for granted.

Martin Luther King, Jr., General Hospital and community involvement.

PubMed

Humphrey, M M

1973-07-01

Community involvement is not just one facet of the new Martin Luther King, Jr., General Hospital's existence. It is the mainstream from which all other activities flow. In addition to meeting the conventional needs of a conventional hospital staff with the core collection of texts and journals, this library goes one step further. It acts as a resource for its community health workers, dietitians, and nurses in their various outreach programs. It serves as a stimulus for the high school or community college student who may be curious about a health career. It also finds time to provide reading material for its patients.

What Is High Blood Pressure Medicine?

MedlinePlus

ANSWERS by heart Lifestyle + Risk Reduction High Blood Pressure What Is High Blood Pressure Medicine? Your doctor has prescribed medicine to help lower your blood pressure. You also need to make the ...

New materials from high-pressure experiments.

PubMed

McMillan, Paul F

2002-09-01

High-pressure synthesis on an industrial scale is applied to obtain synthetic diamonds and cubic boron nitride (c-BN), which are the superhard abrasives of choice for cutting and shaping hard metals and ceramics. Recently, high-pressure science has undergone a renaissance, with novel techniques and instrumentation permitting entirely new classes of high-pressure experiments. For example, superconducting behaviour was previously known for only a few elements and compounds. Under high-pressure conditions, the 'superconducting periodic table' now extends to all classes of the elements, including condensed rare gases, and ionic compounds such as CsI. Another surprising result is the newly discovered solid-state chemistry of light-element 'gas' molecules such as CO2, N2 and N2O. These react to give polymerized covalently bonded or ionic mineral structures under conditions of high pressure and temperature: the new solids are potentially recoverable to ambient conditions. Here we examine innovations in high-pressure research that might be harnessed to develop new materials for technological applications.

Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

MedlinePlus

... pressure to live. Without it, blood can't flow through our bodies and carry oxygen to our vital organs. But when blood pressure gets too high — a condition called hypertension — it can lead to ...

(Ultra) High Pressure Homogenization for Continuous High Pressure Sterilization of Pumpable Foods – A Review

PubMed Central

Georget, Erika; Miller, Brittany; Callanan, Michael; Heinz, Volker; Mathys, Alexander

2014-01-01

Bacterial spores have a strong resistance to both chemical and physical hurdles and create a risk for the food industry, which has been tackled by applying high thermal intensity treatments to sterilize food. These strong thermal treatments lead to a reduction of the organoleptic and nutritional properties of food and alternatives are actively searched for. Innovative hurdles offer an alternative to inactivate bacterial spores. In particular, recent technological developments have enabled a new generation of high pressure homogenizer working at pressures up to 400 MPa and thus, opening new opportunities for high pressure sterilization of foods. In this short review, we summarize the work conducted on (ultra) high pressure homogenization (U)HPH to inactivate endospores in model and food systems. Specific attention is given to process parameters (pressure, inlet, and valve temperatures). This review gathers the current state of the art and underlines the potential of UHPH sterilization of pumpable foods while highlighting the needs for future work. PMID:25988118

Lockheed Martin T-Rex: Preliminary report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1997-07-31

T-Rex is a robot which may be used in toxic or flammable environments. The assessment of the T-Rex conducted at the Lockheed Martin facility was limited in its scope. The scope of the assessment was directed by the type of equipment being used and the amount of accessibility to the equipment. Due to severe time constraints--the assessment was conducted in one day--human factors interface activities were limited. This should be considered a preliminary assessment. This report covers aspects of the technology that were available to the assessment team. Recommendations for future evaluation of this technology are also included. The contentsmore » are as follows: Electrical Considerations; General Electrical Consideration; Trailing Cables; Grounding; Surface High Voltage Distribution; Low and Medium Voltage Alternating Current Circuits; Potential for Harmful Human Factor Incidents and Enterprise Disablement; Exclusion Zone Emergency Maintenance; and Recommendations.« less

Martin L. Perl (1927-2014): A Biographical Memoir

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Feldman, Gary; Jaros, John; Schindler, Rafe H.

2017-10-01

Particle physicist Martin Lewis Perl was recognized worldwide for his discovery of the τ (tau) lepton. For that achievement he received the 1982 Wolf Prize and shared the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was also a Fellow of the American Physical Society and a member of the National Academy of Sciences (elected 1981). Martin's distinctive approach to scientific investigation had its origins in his upbringing and in the influence of I. I. Rabi, his graduate advisor at Columbia University. After coming to Stanford University in 1963, Martin sought to understand why there should be two and only two families of leptons: the electron and its associated neutrino; and the muon and the muon neutrino. His discovery of the τ provided evidence for a third family of fundamental leptons. The bottom quark was discovered shortly afterward at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, providing evidence for a third family of quarks. Direct evidence for the τ neutrino came later, thereby completing the third lepton generation, while the discovery of the top quark in 1995 completed the third generation of quarks. These achievements established leptons and quarks as fundamental constituents of matter and, along with the fundamental forces, provided the experimental basis of the "Standard Model," our picture of how all matter is made up and how its components interact. Why there are three and only three families of leptons and quarks remains an unsolved mystery to this day.

Engine having a high pressure hydraulic system and low pressure lubricating system

DOEpatents

Bartley, Bradley E.; Blass, James R.; Gibson, Dennis H.

2000-01-01

An engine includes a high pressure hydraulic system having a high pressure pump and at least one hydraulically-actuated device attached to an engine housing. A low pressure engine lubricating system is attached to the engine housing and includes a circulation conduit fluidly connected to an outlet from the high pressure pump.

Manufacturing Diamond Under Very High Pressure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Voronov, Oleg

2007-01-01

A process for manufacturing bulk diamond has been made practical by the invention of the High Pressure and Temperature Apparatus capable of applying the combination of very high temperature and high pressure needed to melt carbon in a sufficiently large volume. The apparatus includes a reaction cell wherein a controlled static pressure as high as 20 GPa and a controlled temperature as high as 5,000 C can be maintained.

The Philosopher and the Lecturer: John Dewey, Everett Dean Martin, and Reflective Thinking

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Day, Michael; Harbour, Clifford P.

2013-01-01

Adult education scholars have not yet examined the connections between the philosopher, John Dewey, and the lecturer on adult education, Everett Dean Martin. These scholars generally portray Dewey as indifferent to their field. However, Dewey's correspondence with a New York newspaper editor in 1928, recommending Martin's The Meaning of…

High Blood Pressure and Women

MedlinePlus

... fact sheet on high blood pressure . Watch interactive animations of how blood pressure works . See all the ... Matter • Find Tools & Resources HBP Resources Risk Calculator Animation Library Track Your Blood Pressure: Print (PDF) | Online ...

Controlling your high blood pressure

MedlinePlus

Controlling hypertension ... when you wake up. For people with very high blood pressure, this is when they are most at risk ... 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed ...

Managing High Blood Pressure Medications

MedlinePlus

... Artery Disease Venous Thromboembolism Aortic Aneurysm More Managing High Blood Pressure Medications Updated:Jan 10,2018 When your doctor ... checkup. This content was last reviewed October 2016. High Blood Pressure • Home • Get the Facts About HBP • Know Your ...

7. FLAME DEFLECTOR, VIEW TOWARDS SOUTHWEST. Glenn L. Martin ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. FLAME DEFLECTOR, VIEW TOWARDS SOUTHWEST. - Glenn L. Martin Company, Titan Missile Test Facilities, Captive Test Stand D-2, Waterton Canyon Road & Colorado Highway 121, Lakewood, Jefferson County, CO

6. FLAME DEFLECTOR, VIEW TOWARDS NORTHWEST. Glenn L. Martin ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. FLAME DEFLECTOR, VIEW TOWARDS NORTHWEST. - Glenn L. Martin Company, Titan Missile Test Facilities, Captive Test Stand D-2, Waterton Canyon Road & Colorado Highway 121, Lakewood, Jefferson County, CO

The Influence of Martin Luther King on Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harper, Frederick D.

1973-01-01

In a sense, Martin Luther King was an educator whose students composed citizens of the United States, whose classroom encompassed the entire country, and whose course contents and lesson plans included civil rights, race relations, human rights, and love. (Author)

High pressure furnace

DOEpatents

Morris, D.E.

1993-09-14

A high temperature high pressure furnace has a hybrid partially externally heated construction. A metallic vessel fabricated from an alloy having a composition of at least 45% nickel, 15% chrome, and 10% tungsten is utilized (the preferred alloy including 55% nickel, 22% chrome, 14% tungsten, 2% molybdenum, 3% iron (maximum) and 5% cobalt (maximum)). The disclosed alloy is fabricated into 11/4 or 2 inch, 32 mm or 50 mm bar stock and has a length of about 22 inches, 56 cm. This bar stock has an aperture formed therein to define a closed high temperature, high pressure oxygen chamber. The opposite and closed end of the vessel is provided with a small blind aperture into which a thermocouple can be inserted. The closed end of the vessel is inserted into an oven, preferably heated by standard nickel chrome electrical elements and having a heavily insulated exterior. 19 figures.

High pressure furnace

DOEpatents

Morris, Donald E.

1993-01-01

A high temperature high pressure furnace has a hybrid partially externally heated construction. A metallic vessel fabricated from an alloy having a composition of at least 45% nickel, 15% chrome, and 10% tungsten is utilized (the preferred alloy including 55% nickel, 22% chrome, 14% tungsten, 2% molybdenum, 3% iron (maximum) and 5% cobalt (maximum). The disclosed alloy is fabricated into 11/4 or 2 inch, 32 mm or 50 mm bar stock and has a length of about 22 inches, 56 cm. This bar stock has an aperture formed therein to define a closed high temperature, high pressure oxygen chamber. The opposite and closed end of the vessel is provided with a small blind aperture into which a thermocouple can be inserted. The closed end of the vessel is inserted into an oven, preferably heated by standard nickel chrome electrical elements and having a heavily insulated exterior.

Method transfer from high-pressure liquid chromatography to ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography. II. Temperature and pressure effects.

PubMed

Åsberg, Dennis; Samuelsson, Jörgen; Leśko, Marek; Cavazzini, Alberto; Kaczmarski, Krzysztof; Fornstedt, Torgny

2015-07-03

The importance of the generated temperature and pressure gradients in ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) are investigated and compared to high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The drug Omeprazole, together with three other model compounds (with different chemical characteristics, namely uncharged, positively and negatively charged) were used. Calculations of the complete temperature profile in the column at UHPLC conditions showed, in our experiments, a temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of 16 °C and a difference of 2 °C between the column center and the wall. Through van't Hoff plots, this information was used to single out the decrease in retention factor (k) solely due to the temperature gradient. The uncharged solute was least affected by temperature with a decrease in k of about 5% while for charged solutes the effect was more pronounced, with k decreases up to 14%. A pressure increase of 500 bar gave roughly 5% increase in k for the uncharged solute, while omeprazole and the other two charged solutes gave about 25, 20 and 15% increases in k, respectively. The stochastic model of chromatography was applied to estimate the dependence of the average number of adsorption/desorption events (n) and the average time spent by a molecule in the stationary phase (τs) on temperature and pressure on peak shape for the tailing, basic solute. Increasing the temperature yielded an increase in n and decrease in τs which resulted in less skew at high temperatures. With increasing pressure, the stochastic modeling gave interesting results for the basic solute showing that the skew of the peak increased with pressure. The conclusion is that pressure effects are more pronounced for both retention and peak shape than the temperature effects for the polar or charged compounds in our study. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Electrokinetic high pressure hydraulic system

DOEpatents

Paul, Phillip H.; Rakestraw, David J.; Arnold, Don W.; Hencken, Kenneth R.; Schoeniger, Joseph S.; Neyer, David W.

2001-01-01

An electrokinetic high pressure hydraulic pump for manipulating fluids in capillary-based systems. The pump uses electro-osmotic flow to provide a high pressure hydraulic system, having no moving mechanical parts, for pumping and/or compressing fluids, for providing valve means and means for opening and closing valves, for controlling fluid flow rate, and manipulating fluid flow generally and in capillary-based systems (Microsystems), in particular. The compact nature of the inventive high pressure hydraulic pump provides the ability to construct a micro-scale or capillary-based HPLC system that fulfills the desire for small sample quantity, low solvent consumption, improved efficiency, the ability to run samples in parallel, and field portability. Control of pressure and solvent flow rate is achieved by controlling the voltage applied to an electrokinetic pump.

Electrokinetic high pressure hydraulic system

DOEpatents

Paul, Phillip H.; Rakestraw, David J.; Arnold, Don W.; Hencken, Kenneth R.; Schoeniger, Joseph S.; Neyer, David W.

2003-06-03

An electrokinetic high pressure hydraulic pump for manipulating fluids in capillary-based system. The pump uses electro-osmotic flow to provide a high pressure hydraulic system, having no moving mechanical parts, for pumping and/or compressing fluids, for providing valve means and means for opening and closing valves, for controlling fluid flow rate, and manipulating fluid flow generally and in capillary-based systems (microsystems), in particular. The compact nature of the inventive high pressure hydraulic pump provides the ability to construct a micro-scale or capillary-based HPLC system that fulfills the desire for small sample quantity, low solvent consumption, improved efficiency, the ability to run samples in parallel, and field portability. Control of pressure and solvent flow rate is achieved by controlling the voltage applied to an electrokinetic pump.

Method of producing a high pressure gas

DOEpatents

Bingham, Dennis N.; Klingler, Kerry M.; Zollinger, William T.

2006-07-18

A method of producing a high pressure gas is disclosed and which includes providing a container; supplying the container with a liquid such as water; increasing the pressure of the liquid within the container; supplying a reactant composition such as a chemical hydride to the liquid under pressure in the container and which chemically reacts with the liquid to produce a resulting high pressure gas such as hydrogen at a pressure of greater than about 100 pounds per square inch of pressure; and drawing the resulting high pressure gas from the container.

76 FR 6841 - Notice of Receipt of Petition for Decision That Nonconforming 2006 and 2007 Aston Martin Vantage...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-08

... Martin Vantage Passenger Cars Are Eligible for Importation AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety... Martin Vantage passenger cars are eligible for importation. SUMMARY: This document announces receipt by... 2007 Aston Martin Vantage passenger cars that were not originally manufactured to comply with all...

75 FR 53323 - Certificate of Alternative Compliance for the Offshore Supply Vessel LYMAN MARTIN

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-31

... Compliance for the Offshore Supply Vessel LYMAN MARTIN AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Coast Guard announces that a Certificate of Alternative Compliance was issued for the offshore supply... 89, has been issued for the offshore supply vessel LYMAN MARTIN, O.N. 11227085. The horizontal...

Ab Initio Investigations of High-Pressure Melting of Dense Lithium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clay, Raymond; Morales, Miguel; Bonev, Stanimir

Lithium at ambient conditions is the simplest alkali metal and exhibits textbook nearly-free electron behavior. As the density is increased, however, significant core/valence overlap leads to surprisingly complex chemistry. We have systematically investigated the phase diagram of lithium at pressures ranging between two and six million atmospheres. Through a combination of density functional theory based path-integral and classical molecular dynamics simulations, we have investigated the impact of both nuclear quantum effects and anharmonicity on the melting line and solid phase boundaries. We also investigate how the inclusion of nuclear quantum effects and approximations in the treatment of electronic exchange-correlation impact the robustness of previous predictions of tetrahedral clustering in dense liquid Li. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-mission laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.

High frequency pressure oscillator for microcryocoolers.

PubMed

Vanapalli, S; ter Brake, H J M; Jansen, H V; Zhao, Y; Holland, H J; Burger, J F; Elwenspoek, M C

2008-04-01

Microminiature pulse tube cryocoolers should operate at a frequency of an order higher than the conventional macro ones because the pulse tube cryocooler operating frequency scales inversely with the square of the pulse tube diameter. In this paper, the design and experiments of a high frequency pressure oscillator is presented with the aim to power a micropulse tube cryocooler operating between 300 and 80 K, delivering a cooling power of 10 mW. Piezoelectric actuators operate efficiently at high frequencies and have high power density making them good candidates as drivers for high frequency pressure oscillator. The pressure oscillator described in this work consists of a membrane driven by a piezoelectric actuator. A pressure ratio of about 1.11 was achieved with a filling pressure of 2.5 MPa and compression volume of about 22.6 mm(3) when operating the actuator with a peak-to-peak sinusoidal voltage of 100 V at a frequency of 1 kHz. The electrical power input was 2.73 W. The high pressure ratio and low electrical input power at high frequencies would herald development of microminiature cryocoolers.

High frequency pressure oscillator for microcryocoolers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vanapalli, S.; ter Brake, H. J. M.; Jansen, H. V.; Zhao, Y.; Holland, H. J.; Burger, J. F.; Elwenspoek, M. C.

2008-04-01

Microminiature pulse tube cryocoolers should operate at a frequency of an order higher than the conventional macro ones because the pulse tube cryocooler operating frequency scales inversely with the square of the pulse tube diameter. In this paper, the design and experiments of a high frequency pressure oscillator is presented with the aim to power a micropulse tube cryocooler operating between 300 and 80K, delivering a cooling power of 10mW. Piezoelectric actuators operate efficiently at high frequencies and have high power density making them good candidates as drivers for high frequency pressure oscillator. The pressure oscillator described in this work consists of a membrane driven by a piezoelectric actuator. A pressure ratio of about 1.11 was achieved with a filling pressure of 2.5MPa and compression volume of about 22.6mm3 when operating the actuator with a peak-to-peak sinusoidal voltage of 100V at a frequency of 1kHz. The electrical power input was 2.73W. The high pressure ratio and low electrical input power at high frequencies would herald development of microminiature cryocoolers.

Laser techniques in high-pressure geophysics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hemley, R. J.; Bell, P. M.; Mao, H. K.

1987-01-01

Laser techniques in conjunction with the diamond-anvil cell can be used to study high-pressure properties of materials important to a wide range of problems in earth and planetary science. Spontaneous Raman scattering of crystalline and amorphous solids at high pressure demonstrates that dramatic changes in structure and bonding occur on compression. High-pressure Brillouin scattering is sensitive to the pressure variations of single-crystal elastic moduli and acoustic velocities. Laser heating techniques with the diamond-anvil cell can be used to study phase transitions, including melting, under deep-earth conditions. Finally, laser-induced ruby fluorescence has been essential for the development of techniques for generating the maximum pressures now possible with the diamond-anvil cell, and currently provides a calibrated in situ measure of pressure well above 100 gigapascals.

Toward Restoring Some "Punch" in Counselling and Therapy Research and Practice: A Response to Martin.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Van Hesteren, Frank

1995-01-01

Reacts to Martin's (1995) essay concerning scientism in psychotherapy. Urges placing a moratorium on the "hermeneutic retreat" advocated by Martin, and urges capitalizing on the unique strengths of both positivistic and interpretive modes of inquiry. (JPS)

Owen Martin Phillips (1930-2010)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Olson, Peter

2011-02-01

Owen Martin Phillips, a pioneer in geophysical fluid dynamics, died at home on 13 October 2010 in Chestertown, Md., at the age of 79. To his many friends and colleagues, Phillips was an inspirational and gracious person who combined a deep intellect, a lively spirit, and a generous heart that matched his passionate interest in the geophysical sciences. Phillips was born on 30 December 1930 in Parramatta, N. S. W., Australia. In 1948 he enrolled in the University of Sydney, where he earned a B.S. in applied mathematics in 1952. That same year, he joined the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University as a research student, where he began to apply to the ocean concepts in turbulent flow recently developed by Andrei Kolmogorov, G. I. Taylor, and George Batchelor. While attending the 1956 celebration of Taylor's seventieth birthday, Phillips heard Fritz Ursell declare that “the process by which ocean waves are generated by the wind cannot be regarded as known.” In 1957 the Journal of Fluid Mechanics contained two remarkable papers offering contrasting theories for ocean wave generation. One paper, by the applied mathematician John Miles (J. Fluid Mech., 2(5), 417-445, 1957), proposed that energy transfer from the air to the sea occurs at a critical layer in the atmosphere boundary layer. The other paper, by Phillips, then 26 years old (J. Fluid Mech., 3(2), 185-204, 1957), proposed that turbulent pressure fluctuations in the wind resonate with propagating ocean waves, forcing them to grow. Together these became known as the Phillips-Miles process, and it was the opening salvo in Phillips's 50-year career of innovative contributions to geophysics through fluid mechanics.

Martin Schwarzschild (1912-1997)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Trimble, V.

1997-12-01

Martin Schwarzschild, the ASP Bruce Medalist for 1965, died on 10 April 1997. A refugee from Hitler's Germany who firmly embraced his adopted country, Schwarzschild not only solved a number of fundamental problems in stellar structure and evolution but also taught the rest of the astronomical community how to do so with his 1958 text, Structure and Evolution of the Stars. At about the time of his 1979 retirement, he turned to a completely different question of how to model spheroidal galaxies self-consistently and sent another generation of students and collaborators forward toward the still somewhat distant solution. It is impossible for anyone who ever interacted with Schwarzschild to remain entirely solemn when remembering him. (SECTION: Obituary)

Martin Luther King, Jr., General Hospital and, Community Involvement

PubMed Central

Humphrey, M. Moss

1973-01-01

Community involvement is not just one facet of the new Martin Luther King, Jr., General Hospital's existence. It is the mainstream from which all other activities flow. In addition to meeting the conventional needs of a conventional hospital staff with the core collection of texts and journals, this library goes one step further. It acts as a resource for its community health workers, dietitians, and nurses in their various outreach programs. It serves as a stimulus for the high school or community college student who may be curious about a health career. It also finds time to provide reading material for its patients. PMID:4725343

The Relationship between Proficiency in French and Academic Achievement for Students in Saint Martin

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilson, Martin Ezikiel

2013-01-01

School administrators and educational policy makers have made a substantial effort to address the learning needs of students in Saint Martin, yet the achievement gap between students in Saint Martin and students in metropolitan France still persists. Risk factors such as family structure, socioeconomic status, immigration, and difficulty of…

High pressure liquid level monitor

DOEpatents

Bean, Vern E.; Long, Frederick G.

1984-01-01

A liquid level monitor for tracking the level of a coal slurry in a high-pressure vessel including a toroidal-shaped float with magnetically permeable bands thereon disposed within the vessel, two pairs of magnetic field generators and detectors disposed outside the vessel adjacent the top and bottom thereof and magnetically coupled to the magnetically permeable bands on the float, and signal processing circuitry for combining signals from the top and bottom detectors for generating a monotonically increasing analog control signal which is a function of liquid level. The control signal may be utilized to operate high-pressure control valves associated with processes in which the high-pressure vessel is used.

Anxiety: A Cause of High Blood Pressure?

MedlinePlus

... cause of high blood pressure? Can anxiety cause high blood pressure? Answers from Sheldon G. Sheps, M.D. Anxiety doesn't cause long-term high blood pressure (hypertension). But episodes of anxiety can cause dramatic, ...

49 CFR 192.621 - Maximum allowable operating pressure: High-pressure distribution systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... STANDARDS Operations § 192.621 Maximum allowable operating pressure: High-pressure distribution systems. (a) No person may operate a segment of a high pressure distribution system at a pressure that exceeds the... segment of a distribution system otherwise designed to operate at over 60 p.s.i. (414 kPa) gage, unless...

49 CFR 192.621 - Maximum allowable operating pressure: High-pressure distribution systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... STANDARDS Operations § 192.621 Maximum allowable operating pressure: High-pressure distribution systems. (a) No person may operate a segment of a high pressure distribution system at a pressure that exceeds the... segment of a distribution system otherwise designed to operate at over 60 p.s.i. (414 kPa) gage, unless...

49 CFR 192.621 - Maximum allowable operating pressure: High-pressure distribution systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... STANDARDS Operations § 192.621 Maximum allowable operating pressure: High-pressure distribution systems. (a) No person may operate a segment of a high pressure distribution system at a pressure that exceeds the... segment of a distribution system otherwise designed to operate at over 60 p.s.i. (414 kPa) gage, unless...

49 CFR 192.621 - Maximum allowable operating pressure: High-pressure distribution systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... STANDARDS Operations § 192.621 Maximum allowable operating pressure: High-pressure distribution systems. (a) No person may operate a segment of a high pressure distribution system at a pressure that exceeds the... segment of a distribution system otherwise designed to operate at over 60 p.s.i. (414 kPa) gage, unless...

49 CFR 192.621 - Maximum allowable operating pressure: High-pressure distribution systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... STANDARDS Operations § 192.621 Maximum allowable operating pressure: High-pressure distribution systems. (a) No person may operate a segment of a high pressure distribution system at a pressure that exceeds the... segment of a distribution system otherwise designed to operate at over 60 p.s.i. (414 kPa) gage, unless...

Identification of the skeletal remains of Martin Bormann by mtDNA analysis.

PubMed

Anslinger, K; Weichhold, G; Keil, W; Bayer, B; Eisenmenger, W

2001-01-01

Contrary to statements of an eye-witness who reported that Martin Bormann, the second most powerful man in the Third Reich, died on 2 May 1945 in Berlin, rumours persisted over the years that he had escaped from Germany after World War II. In 1972, skeletal remains were found during construction work, and by investigating the teeth and the bones experts concluded that they were from Bormann. Nevertheless, new rumours arose and in order to end this speculation we were commissioned to identify the skeletal remains by mitochondrial DNA analysis. The comparison of the sequence of HV1 and HV2 from the skeletal remains and a living maternal relative of Martin Bormann revealed no differences and this sequence was not found in 1,500 Caucasoid reference sequences. Based on this investigation, we support the hypothesis that the skeletal remains are those of Martin Bormann.

High-pressure phase transitions of strontianite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Speziale, S.; Biedermann, N.; Reichmann, H. J.; Koch-Mueller, M.; Heide, G.

2015-12-01

Strontianite (SrCO3) is isostructural to aragonite, a major high-pressure polymorph of calcite. Thus it is a material of interest to investigate the high-pressure phase behavior of aragonite-group minerals. SrCO3 is a common component of natural carbonates and knowing its physical properties at high pressures is necessary to properly model the thermodynamic properties of complex carbonates, which are major crustal minerals but are also present in the deep Earth [Brenker et al., 2007] and control carbon cycling in the Earth's mantle. The few available high-pressure studies of SrCO3 disagree regarding both pressure stability and structure of the post-aragonite phase [Lin & Liu, 1997; Ono et al., 2005; Wang et al. 2015]. To clarify such controversies we investigated the high-pressure behavior of synthetic SrCO3 by Raman spectroscopy. Using a diamond anvil cell we compressed single-crystals or powder of strontianite (synthesized at 4 GPa and 1273 K for 24h in a multi anvil apparatus), and measured Raman scattering up to 78 GPa. SrCO3 presents a complex high-pressure behavior. We observe mode softening above 20 GPa and a phase transition at 25 - 26.9 GPa, which we interpret due to the CO3 groups rotation, in agreement with Lin & Liu [1997]. The lattice modes in the high-pressure phase show dramatic changes which may indicate a change from 9-fold coordinated Sr to a 12-fold-coordination [Ono, 2007]. Our results confirm that the high-pressure phase of strontianite is compatible with Pmmn symmetry. References Brenker, F.E. et al. (2007) Earth and Planet. Sci. Lett., 260, 1; Lin, C.-C. & Liu, L.-G. (1997) J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 58, 977; Ono, S. et al. (2005) Phys. Chem. Minerals, 32, 8; Ono, S. (2007) Phys. Chem. Minerals, 34, 215; Wang, M. et al. (2015) Phys Chem Minerals 42, 517.

Draft of the Martin Peña Initative Plan

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This action plan is being developed so that EPA Region 2 can implement a strategy that focuses its programs and regulatory authorities in activities that comprehensively address the environmental issues affecting the Martin Pena communities.

High-Pressure Polymorphism in Orthoamphiboles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Finkelstein, G. J.; Zhang, D.; Shelton, H.; Dera, P.

2017-12-01

Amphiboles are double-chain silicate minerals that are the structurally hydrated counterpart to single-chain, anhydrous pyroxenes. They may play an important role in the earth as a carrier for volatiles in subduction zones, as well as a generator for seismic anisotropy in the upper mantle. Recent work has described previously unrecognized high-pressure polymorphism at low temperatures in a variety of pyroxene minerals, which may be relevant for the structure and dynamics of thick, cold, subducted slabs. However, high-pressure polymorphism in amphiboles above a few GPa in pressure has not been well explored, and if similar polymorphism to pyroxenes exists in this mineral family, it may affect the extent and depth of volatile transport in amphiboles, as well as their rheological properties. At low temperatures and high pressures, orthopyroxenes undergo crystal structure transitions at lower pressures than clinopyroxenes (10-30 GPa vs. > 50 GPa), so for this study we have investigated polymorphism in the anthophyllite-gedrite (Al-free and Al rich) orthoamphibole solid solution series. Using neon gas-loaded diamond anvil cells, we compressed both phases to a maximum pressure of 31 GPa, and observed transitions to new monoclinic structures in both endmembers. In this presentation, we will discuss the details of these transitions and implications for the earth's interior.

Application and possible benefits of high hydrostatic pressure or high-pressure homogenization on beer processing: A review.

PubMed

Santos, Lígia Mr; Oliveira, Fabiano A; Ferreira, Elisa Hr; Rosenthal, Amauri

2017-10-01

Beer is the most consumed beverage in the world, especially in countries such as USA, China and Brazil.It is an alcoholic beverage made from malted cereals, and the barley malt is the main ingredient, added with water, hops and yeast. High-pressure processing is a non-traditional method to preserve food and beverages. This technology has become more interesting compared to heat pasteurization, due to the minimal changes it brings to the original nutritional and sensory characteristics of the product, and it comprises two processes: high hydrostatic pressure, which is the most industrially used process, and high-pressure homogenization. The use of high pressure almost does not affect the molecules that are responsible for the aroma and taste, pigments and vitamins compared to the conventional thermal processes. Thus, the products processed by high-pressure processing have similar characteristics compared to fresh products, including beer. The aim of this paper was to review what has been investigated about beer processing using this technology regarding the effects on physicochemical, microbiology and sensory characteristics and related issues. It is organized by processing steps, since high pressure can be applied to malting, mashing, boiling, filtration and pasteurization. Therefore, the beer processed with high-pressure processing may have an extended shelf-life because this process can inactivate beer spoilage microorganisms and result in a superior sensory quality related to freshness and preservation of flavors as it does to juices that are already commercialized. However, beyond this application, high-pressure processing can modify protein structures, such as enzymes that are present in the malt, like α- and β-amylases. This process can activate enzymes to promote, for example, saccharification, or instead inactivate at the end of mashing, depending on the pressure the product is submitted, besides being capable of isomerizing hops to raise beer bitterness

High pressure neon arc lamp

DOEpatents

Sze, Robert C.; Bigio, Irving J.

2003-07-15

A high pressure neon arc lamp and method of using the same for photodynamic therapies is provided. The high pressure neon arc lamp includes a housing that encloses a quantity of neon gas pressurized to about 500 Torr to about 22,000 Torr. At each end of the housing the lamp is connected by electrodes and wires to a pulse generator. The pulse generator generates an initial pulse voltage to breakdown the impedance of the neon gas. Then the pulse generator delivers a current through the neon gas to create an electrical arc that emits light having wavelengths from about 620 nanometers to about 645 nanometers. A method for activating a photosensitizer is provided. Initially, a photosensitizer is administered to a patient and allowed time to be absorbed into target cells. Then the high pressure neon arc lamp is used to illuminate the target cells with red light having wavelengths from about 620 nanometers to about 645 nanometers. The red light activates the photosensitizers to start a chain reaction that may involve oxygen free radicals to destroy the target cells. In this manner, a high pressure neon arc lamp that is inexpensive and efficiently generates red light useful in photodynamic therapy is provided.

A new Icimauna Martins & Galileo, 1991, from the Bolivian orocline (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Hemilophini).

PubMed

Santos-Silva, Antonio; Perger, Robert

2017-04-07

The Neotropical longhorned beetle tribe Hemilophini has been reviewed by Martins & Galileo (2014a, b) and currently contains 542 species (Monné 2017). Some of the most conspicuous longhorned beetle taxa are found in this tribe, for example species with a pair of cephalic horns (Phoebe Audinet-Serville, 1835), or others that strongly resemble to noxious Lycidae (Coleoptera) (e.g. Apeba Martins & Galileo, 1991, Calocosmus Chevrolat, 1862, or Lycidola Thomson, 1864) (see Lingafelter 2013; Martins & Galileo 2014a, b).

Electrokinetic high pressure hydraulic system

DOEpatents

Paul, Phillip H.; Rakestraw, David J.

2000-01-01

A compact high pressure hydraulic pump having no moving mechanical parts for converting electric potential to hydraulic force. The electrokinetic pump, which can generate hydraulic pressures greater than 2500 psi, can be employed to compress a fluid, either liquid or gas, and manipulate fluid flow. The pump is particularly useful for capillary-base systems. By combining the electrokinetic pump with a housing having chambers separated by a flexible member, fluid flow, including high pressure fluids, is controlled by the application of an electric potential, that can vary with time.

High pressure phase transitions in lawsonite at simultaneous high pressure and temperature: A single crystal study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

O'Bannon, E. F., III; Vennari, C.; Beavers, C. C. G.; Williams, Q. C.

2015-12-01

Lawsonite (CaAl2Si2O7(OH)2.H2O) is a hydrous mineral with a high overall water content of ~11.5 wt.%. It is a significant carrier of water in subduction zones to depths greater than ~150 km. The structure of lawsonite has been extensively studied under room temperature, high-pressure conditions. However, simultaneous high-pressure and high-temperature experiments are scarce. We have conducted synchrotron-based simultaneous high-pressure and temperature single crystal experiments on lawsonite up to a maximum pressure of 8.4 GPa at ambient and high temperatures. We used a natural sample of lawsonite from Valley Ford, California (Sonoma County). At room pressure and temperature lawsonite crystallizes in the orthorhombic system with Cmcm symmetry. Room temperature compression indicates that lawsonite remains in the orthorhombic Cmcm space group up to ~9.0 GPa. Our 5.0 GPa crystal structure is similar to the room pressure structure, and shows almost isotropic compression of the crystallographic axes. Unit cell parameters at 5.0 GPa are a- 5.7835(10), b- 8.694(2), and c- 13.009(3). Single-crystal measurements at simultaneous high-pressure and temperature (e.g., >8.0 GPa and ~100 oC) can be indexed to a monoclinic P-centered unit cell. Interestingly, a modest temperature increase of ~100 oC appears to initiate the orthorhombic to monoclinic phase transition at ~0.6-2.4 GPa lower than room temperature compression studies have shown. There is no evidence of dehydration or H atom disorder under these conditions. This suggests that the orthorhombic to monoclinic transition could be kinetically impeded at 298 K, and that monoclinic lawsonite could be the dominant water carrier through much of the depth range of upper mantle subduction processes.

5. Historic American Buildings Survey, Martin Linsey, Photographer October 2, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. Historic American Buildings Survey, Martin Linsey, Photographer October 2, 1966 SOUTHEAST CORNER. - Trinity Episcopal Church, Euclid Avenue & East Twenty-Second Street, Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, OH

Hydraulic High Pressure Valve Controller Using the In-Situ Pressure Difference

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Badescu, Mircea (Inventor); Bar-Cohen, Yoseph (Inventor); Hall, Jeffery L. (Inventor); Sherrit, Stewart (Inventor); Bao, Xiaoqi (Inventor)

2016-01-01

A hydraulic valve controller that uses an existing pressure differential as some or all of the power source for valve operation. In a high pressure environment, such as downhole in an oil or gas well, the pressure differential between the inside of a pipe and the outside of the pipe may be adequately large to drive a linear slide valve. The valve is operated hydraulically by a piston in a bore. When a higher pressure is applied to one end of the bore and a lower pressure to the other end, the piston moves in response to the pressure differential and drives a valve attached to it. If the pressure differential is too small to drive the piston at a sufficiently high speed, a pump is provided to generate a larger pressure differential to be applied. The apparatus is conveniently constructed using multiport valves, which can be rotary valves.

Abnormally high formation pressures, Potwar Plateau, Pakistan

USGS Publications Warehouse

Law, B.E.; Shah, S.H.A.; Malik, M.A.

1998-01-01

Abnormally high formation pressures in the Potwar Plateau of north-central Pakistan are major obstacles to oil and gas exploration. Severe drilling problems associated with high pressures have, in some cases, prevented adequate evaluation of reservoirs and significantly increased drilling costs. Previous investigations of abnormal pressure in the Potwar Plateau have only identified abnormal pressures in Neogene rocks. We have identified two distinct pressure regimes in this Himalayan foreland fold and thrust belt basin: one in Neogene rocks and another in pre-Neogene rocks. Pore pressures in Neogene rocks are as high as lithostatic and are interpreted to be due to tectonic compression and compaction disequilibrium associated with high rates of sedimentation. Pore pressure gradients in pre-Neogene rocks are generally less than those in Neogene rocks, commonly ranging from 0.5 to 0.7 psi/ft (11.3 to 15.8 kPa/m) and are most likely due to a combination of tectonic compression and hydrocarbon generation. The top of abnormally high pressure is highly variable and doesn't appear to be related to any specific lithologic seal. Consequently, attempts to predict the depth to the top of overpressure prior to drilling are precluded.

Electrokinetically pumped high pressure sprays

DOEpatents

Schoeniger, Joseph S [Oakland, CA; Paul, Phillip H [Livermore, CA; Schoeniger, Luke [Pittsford, NY

2005-11-01

An electrokinetic pump capable of producing high pressure is combined with a nozzle having a submicron orifice to provide a high pressure spray device. Because of its small size, the device can be contained within medical devices such as an endoscope for delivering biological materials such as DNA, chemo therapeutic agents, or vaccines to tissues and cells.

Electrokinetically pumped high pressure sprays

DOEpatents

Schoeniger, Joseph S.; Paul, Phillip H.; Schoeniger, Luke

2002-01-01

An electrokinetic pump capable of producing high pressure is combined with a nozzle having a submicron orifice to provide a high pressure spray device. Because of its small size, the device can be contained within medical devices such as an endoscope for delivering biological materials such as DNA, chemo therapeutic agents, or vaccines to tissues and cells.

1. Historic American Buildings Survey, Martin Linsey, Photographer October 2, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. Historic American Buildings Survey, Martin Linsey, Photographer October 2, 1965 NORTH (FRONT) ELEVATION. - Trinity Episcopal Church, Euclid Avenue & East Twenty-Second Street, Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, OH

1. Historic American Buildings Survey V. Covert Martin Collection, Stockton, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. Historic American Buildings Survey V. Covert Martin Collection, Stockton, Calif. Original: 1925 Re- photo: April, 1940 GENERAL VIEW - Gravestones, North Branch Cemetery, Altaville, Calaveras County, CA

VentureStar by Lockheed Martin in Orbit - Computer Graphic

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1996-01-01

This is an artist's conception of the NASA/Lockheed Martin Single-Stage-To-Orbit (SSTO) Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) in orbit high above the Earth. NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California, expected to play a key role in the development and flight testing of the X-33, which was a technology demonstrator vehicle for a possible RLV. The RLV technology program was a cooperative agreement between NASA and industry. The goal of the RLV technology program was to enable significant reductions in the cost of access to space, and to promote the creation and delivery of new space services and other activities that would improve U.S. economic competitiveness. The X-33 was a wedged-shaped subscale technology demonstrator prototype of a potential future Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) that Lockheed Martin had dubbed VentureStar. The company hopes to develop VentureStar early this century. Through demonstration flight and ground research, NASA's X-33 program was to provide the information needed for industry representatives such as Lockheed Martin to decide whether to proceed with the development of a full-scale, commercial RLV program. A full-scale, single-stage-to-orbit RLV was to dramatically increase reliability and lower costs of putting a pound of payload into space, from the current figure of $10,000 to $1,000. Reducing the cost associated with transporting payloads in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) by using a commercial RLV was to create new opportunities for space access and significantly improve U.S. economic competitiveness in the world-wide launch marketplace. NASA expected to be a customer, not the operator, of the commercial RLV. The X-33 design was based on a lifting body shape with two revolutionary 'linear aerospike' rocket engines and a rugged metallic thermal protection system. The vehicle also had lightweight components and fuel tanks built to conform to the vehicle's outer shape. Time between X-33 flights was normally to have been seven days, but the

All in the family: a belated response to Knudson-Martin's feminist revision of Bowen theory.

PubMed

Horne, K Blake; Hicks, Mary W

2002-01-01

The first formal attempt at revising Bowen theory within the marriage and family therapy literature is represented in the work of Knudson-Martin (1994). Claiming that several of the theory's concepts are defined at odds with female development, Knudson-Martin (1994) reconceptualizes and expands Bowen theory to rectify these perceived shortcomings. In turn, we address several fundamental concerns with Knudson-Martin's critique and revision of Bowen theory. An alternative representation of Bowen Theory, as well as its relationship to feminist thought, is put forth. Suggestions for the field's future relationship to Bowen theory are also discussed.

NASA Administrator Speaks at Martin Luther King, Jr. Commemorati

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-01-16

NASA Administrator Charles Bolden speaks and delivers greetings from President Obama at the 44th annual Martin Luther King, Jr. Commemorative Service on Monday, Jan. 16, 2012 at Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

2. Historic American Buildings Survey, Martin Linsey, Photographer September 21, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. Historic American Buildings Survey, Martin Linsey, Photographer September 21, 1965 SIDE VIEW FROM THE SOUTHWEST. - President James Abram Garfield Monument, 12316 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, OH

4. Historic American Buildings Survey, Martin Linsey, Photographer October 2, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. Historic American Buildings Survey, Martin Linsey, Photographer October 2, 1965 SOUTH ELEVATION OF CHAPEL. - Trinity Episcopal Church, Euclid Avenue & East Twenty-Second Street, Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, OH

The InSight Team at Lockheed Martin

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-01-25

The InSight Team at Lockheed Martin Space in May 2017 The InSight team is comprised of scientists and engineers from multiple disciplines and is a unique collaboration between countries and organizations around the world. The science team includes co-investigators from the U.S., France, Germany, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Japan, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA22235

High-pressure applications in medicine and pharmacology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Silva, Jerson L.; Foguel, Debora; Suarez, Marisa; Gomes, Andre M. O.; Oliveira, Andréa C.

2004-04-01

High pressure has emerged as an important tool to tackle several problems in medicine and biotechnology. Misfolded proteins, aggregates and amyloids have been studied, which point toward the understanding of the protein misfolding diseases. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) has also been used to dissociate non-amyloid aggregates and inclusion bodies. The diverse range of diseases that result from protein misfolding has made this theme an important research focus for pharmaceutical and biotech companies. The use of high pressure promises to contribute to identifying the mechanisms behind these defects and creating therapies against these diseases. High pressure has also been used to study viruses and other infectious agents for the purpose of sterilization and in the development of vaccines. Using pressure, we have detected the presence of a ribonucleoprotein intermediate, where the coat protein is partially unfolded but bound to RNA. These intermediates are potential targets for antiviral compounds. The ability of pressure to inactivate viruses, prions and bacteria has been evaluated with a view toward the applications of vaccine development and virus sterilization. Recent studies demonstrate that pressure causes virus inactivation while preserving the immunogenic properties. There is increasing evidence that a high-pressure cycle traps a virus in the 'fusion intermediate state', not infectious but highly immunogenic.

75 FR 10754 - Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forests; Santa Rosa Ranger District; Martin Basin Rangeland Management...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-09

...-Toiyabe National Forests; Santa Rosa Ranger District; Martin Basin Rangeland Management Project AGENCY.... The Project Area is located in Humboldt County, Nevada. The preparation of this SEIS is needed because the Record of Decision issued on October 30, 2009 for the Martin Basin Rangeland Management Project...

High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy

MedlinePlus

... of the baby. Controlling your blood pressure during pregnancy and getting regular prenatal care are important for ... your baby. Treatments for high blood pressure in pregnancy may include close monitoring of the baby, lifestyle ...

On high-pressure melting of tantalum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luo, Sheng-Nian; Swift, Damian C.

2007-01-01

The issues related to high-pressure melting of Ta are discussed within the context of diamond-anvil cell (DAC) and shock wave experiments, theoretical calculations and common melting models. The discrepancies between the extrapolations of the DAC melting curve and the melting point inferred from shock wave experiments, cannot be reconciled either by superheating or solid-solid phase transition. The failure to reproduce low-pressure DAC melting curve by melting models such as dislocation-mediated melting and the Lindemann law, and molecular dynamics and quantum mechanics-based calculations, undermines their predictions at moderate and high pressures. Despite claims to the contrary, the melting curve of Ta (as well as Mo and W) remains inconclusive at high pressures.

Picosecond High Pressure Gas Switch Experiment

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-06-01

the calculated pulse waveform for a much higher voltage and pressure switch . Also, a discussion of the modifications made on an existing pulse...s 80 8 ~ 60 J 40 .. : ~--~: __ ~’----~-~ 0.1 10 100 1000 Frequency Figure 7. Output switch recovery. Conclusion The high- pressure switch has...effective in matching experimental results, and should thus be useful in the design of high-voltage and pressure switch configurations

Laser-machined microcavities for simultaneous measurement of high-temperature and high-pressure.

PubMed

Ran, Zengling; Liu, Shan; Liu, Qin; Huang, Ya; Bao, Haihong; Wang, Yanjun; Luo, Shucheng; Yang, Huiqin; Rao, Yunjiang

2014-08-07

Laser-machined microcavities for simultaneous measurement of high-temperature and high-pressure are demonstrated. These two cascaded microcavities are an air cavity and a composite cavity including a section of fiber and an air cavity. They are both placed into a pressure chamber inside a furnace to perform simultaneous pressure and high-temperature tests. The thermal and pressure coefficients of the short air cavity are ~0.0779 nm/°C and ~1.14 nm/MPa, respectively. The thermal and pressure coefficients of the composite cavity are ~32.3 nm/°C and ~24.4 nm/MPa, respectively. The sensor could be used to separate temperature and pressure due to their different thermal and pressure coefficients. The excellent feature of such a sensor head is that it can withstand high temperatures of up to 400 °C and achieve precise measurement of high-pressure under high temperature conditions.

2. Historic American Buildings Survey, Martin Linsey, Photographer October 26, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. Historic American Buildings Survey, Martin Linsey, Photographer October 26, 1965 SOUTHWEST CORNER (22ND ST. SIDE). - Trinity Episcopal Church, Euclid Avenue & East Twenty-Second Street, Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, OH

High blood pressure and eye disease

MedlinePlus

... this page: //medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000999.htm High blood pressure and eye disease To use the sharing features on this page, please enable JavaScript. High blood pressure can damage blood vessels in the retina . The ...

STATEQ: a nonlinear least-squares code for obtaining Martin thermodynamic representations of fluids in the gaseous and dense gaseous regions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Milora, S. L.

1976-02-01

The use of the code NLIN (IBM Share Program No. 1428) to obtain empirical thermodynamic pressure-volume-temperature (P-V-T) relationships for substances in the gaseous and dense gaseous states is described. When sufficient experimental data exist, the code STATEQ will provide least-squares estimates for the 21 parameters of the Martin model. Another code, APPROX, is described which also obtains parameter estimates for the model by making use of the approximate generalized behavior of fluids. Use of the codes is illustrated in obtaining thermodynamic representations for isobutane. (auth)

High-pressure liquid-monopropellant strand combustion.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Faeth, G. M.

1972-01-01

Examination of the influence of dissolved gases on the state of the liquid surface during high-pressure liquid-monopropellant combustion through the use of a strand burning experiment. Liquid surface temperatures were measured, using fine-wire thermocouples, during the strand combustion of ethyl nitrate, normal propyl nitrate, and propylene glycol dinitrate at pressures up to 81 atm. These measurements were compared with the predictions of a variable-property gas-phase analysis assuming an infinite activation energy for the decomposition reaction. The state of the liquid surface was estimated using a conventional low-pressure phase equilibrium model, as well as a high-pressure version that considered the presence of dissolved combustion-product gases in the liquid phase. The high-pressure model was found to give a superior prediction of measured liquid surface temperatures. Computed total pressures required for the surface to reach its critical mixing point during strand combustion were found to be in the range from 2.15 to 4.62 times the critical pressure of the pure propellant. Computed dissolved gas concentrations at the liquid surface were in the range from 35 to 50% near the critical combustion condition.

NETL- High-Pressure Combustion Research Facility

ScienceCinema

None

2018-02-14

NETL's High-Pressure Combustion Facility is a unique resource within the National Laboratories system. It provides the test capabilities needed to evaluate new combustion concepts for high-pressure, high-temperature hydrogen and natural gas turbines. These concepts will be critical for the next generation of ultra clean, ultra efficient power systems.

[The high pressure life of piezophiles].

PubMed

Oger, Philippe; Cario, Anaïs

2014-01-01

The deep biosphere is composed of very different biotopes located in the depth of the oceans, the ocean crust or the lithosphere. Although very different, deep biosphere biotopes share one common feature, high hydrostatic pressure. The deep biosphere is colonized by specific organisms, called piezophiles, that are able to grow under high hydrostatic pressure. Bacterial piezophiles are mainly psychrophiles belonging to five genera of γ-proteobacteria, Photobacterium, Shewanella, Colwellia, Psychromonas and Moritella, while piezophilic Archaea are mostly (hyper)thermophiles from the Thermococcales. None of these genera are specific for the deep biosphere. High pressure deeply impacts the activity of cells and cellular components, and reduces the activity of numerous key processes, eventually leading to cell death of piezosensitive organisms. Biochemical and genomic studies yield a fragmented view on the adaptive mechanisms in piezophiles. It is yet unclear whether piezophilic adaptation requires the modification of a few genes, or metabolic pathways, or a more profound reorganization of the genome, the fine tuning of gene expression to compensate the pressure-induced loss of activity of the proteins most affected by high pressure, or a stress-like physiological cell response. In contrast to what has been seen for thermophily or halophily, the adaptation to high pressure is diffuse in the genome and may concern only a small fraction of the genes. © Société de Biologie, 2014.

7. Historic American Buildings Survey, Martin Linsey, Photographer March 23, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. Historic American Buildings Survey, Martin Linsey, Photographer March 23, 1966 PHOTOCOPY OF ARCHITECT'S RENDERING FOR ROMANESQUE DESIGN. - Trinity Episcopal Church, Euclid Avenue & East Twenty-Second Street, Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, OH

8. Historic American Buildings Survey, Martin Linsey, Photographer March 23, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. Historic American Buildings Survey, Martin Linsey, Photographer March 23, 1966 PHOTOCOPY OF ARCHITECT'S RENDERING FOR REVISED DESIGN. - Trinity Episcopal Church, Euclid Avenue & East Twenty-Second Street, Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, OH

27. VIEW OF THE OFFICE CREATED FOR MARTIN LUTHER KING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

27. VIEW OF THE OFFICE CREATED FOR MARTIN LUTHER KING JR, LOOKING TOWARDS MAIN DOOR INTO SECRETARY'S OFFICE. - Dexter Avenue King Memorial Baptist Church, 454 Dexter Avenue, Montgomery, Montgomery County, AL

Martin B–26 Marauder at the Aircraft Engine Research Laboratory

NASA Image and Video Library

1943-09-21

The Aircraft Engine Research Laboratory’s first aircraft, a Martin B–26B Marauder, parked in front of the Flight Research Building in September 1943. The military loaned the B–26B to the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) to augment the lab’s studies of the Wright Aeronautical R–2800 engines. The military wanted to improve the engine cooling in order to increase the bomber’s performance. On March 17, 1943, the B–26B performed the very first research flight at the NACA’s new engine laboratory. The B–26B received its “Widowmaker” nickname during the rushed effort to transition the new aircraft from design to production and into the sky. During World War II, however, the B–26B proved itself to be a capable war machine. The U.S. lost fewer Marauders than any other type of bomber employed in the war. The B–26B was originally utilized at low altitudes in the Pacific but had its most success at high altitudes over Europe. The B–26B’s flight tests in Cleveland during 1943 mapped the R-2800 engine’s behavior at different altitudes and speeds. The researchers were then able to correlate engine performance in ground facilities to expected performance at different altitudes. They found that air speed, cowl flap position, angle of attack, propeller thrust, and propeller speed influenced inlet pressure recovery and exhaust distribution. The flight testing proceeded quickly, and the B–26B was transferred elsewhere in October 1943.

Polarized Light Experiment, Presa Don Martin, Mexico

NASA Image and Video Library

1989-05-08

This is a single scene from a pair (frames 021 & 024) to study the effects of polarized light in Earth Observations. One scene was exposed with vertically polarized light, the other, horizontally. The subject in this study, is a lake behind Presa (dam) Don Martin (27.5N, 100.5W) on thge edge of the Rio Grande Plain near it's boundry with the Sierra Madre Oriental in Coahuila, Mexico.

Pressure-Application Device for Testing Pressure Sensors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

A portable pressure-application device has been designed and built for use in testing and calibrating piezoelectric pressure transducers in the field. The device generates pressure pulses of known amplitude. A pressure pulse (in contradistinction to a steady pressure) is needed because in the presence of a steady pressure, the electrical output of a piezoelectric pressure transducer decays rapidly with time. The device includes a stainless- steel compressed-air-storage cylinder of 500 cu cm volume. A manual hand pump with check valves and a pressure gauge are located at one end of the cylinder. A three-way solenoid valve that controls the release of pressurized air is located at the other end of the cylinder. Power for the device is provided by a 3.7-V cordless-telephone battery. The valve is controlled by means of a pushbutton switch, which activates a 5 V to +/-15 V DC-to-DC converter that powers the solenoid. The outlet of the solenoid valve is connected to the pressure transducer to be tested. Before the solenoid is energized, the transducer to be tested is at atmospheric pressure. When the solenoid is actuated by the push button, pressurized air from inside the cylinder is applied to the transducer. Once the pushbutton is released, the cylinder pressure is removed from the transducer and the pressurized air applied to the transducer is vented, bringing the transducer back to atmospheric pressure. Before this device was used for actual calibration, its accuracy was checked with a NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) traceable calibrator and commercially calibrated pressure transducers. This work was done by Wanda Solano of Stennis Space Center and Greg Richardson of Lockheed Martin Corp.

Martin Van Buren National Historic Site alternative transportation feasibility study.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-05-31

The Martin Van Buren National Historic Site (MVBNHS) Alternative Transportation Feasibility Study examines the feasibility of : alternative transportation system (ATS) service to MVBNHS. The report investigates opportunities for a shuttle carrying vi...

High-pressure high-temperature phase diagram of organic crystal paracetamol

DOE PAGES

Smith, Spencer J.; Montgomery, Jeffrey M.; Vohra, Yogesh K.

2016-01-06

High-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) Raman spectroscopy studies have been performed on the organic crystal paracetamol in a diamond anvil cell utilizing boron-doped heating diamond anvil. Isobaric measurements were conducted at pressures up to 8.5 GPa and temperature up to 520 K in five different experiments. Solid state phase transitions from monoclinic Form I → orthorhombic Form II were observed at various pressures and temperatures as well as transitions from Form II → unknown Form IV. The melting temperature for paracetamol was observed to increase with increasing pressures to 8.5 GPa. As a result, this new data is combined with previous ambientmore » temperature high-pressure Raman and X- ray diffraction data to create the first HPHT phase diagram of paracetamol.« less

High-pressure high-temperature phase diagram of organic crystal paracetamol

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smith, Spencer J.; Montgomery, Jeffrey M.; Vohra, Yogesh K.

2016-01-01

High-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) Raman spectroscopy studies have been performed on the organic crystal paracetamol in a diamond anvil cell utilizing boron-doped heating diamond anvil. Isobaric measurements were conducted at pressures up to 8.5 GPa and temperature up to 520 K in five different experiments. Solid state phase transitions from monoclinic Form I  →  orthorhombic Form II were observed at various pressures and temperatures as well as transitions from Form II  →  unknown Form IV. The melting temperature for paracetamol was observed to increase with increasing pressures to 8.5 GPa. This new data is combined with previous ambient temperature high-pressure Raman and x-ray diffraction data to create the first HPHT phase diagram of paracetamol.

High-speed pressure clamp.

PubMed

Besch, Stephen R; Suchyna, Thomas; Sachs, Frederick

2002-10-01

We built a high-speed, pneumatic pressure clamp to stimulate patch-clamped membranes mechanically. The key control element is a newly designed differential valve that uses a single, nickel-plated piezoelectric bending element to control both pressure and vacuum. To minimize response time, the valve body was designed with minimum dead volume. The result is improved response time and stability with a threefold decrease in actuation latency. Tight valve clearances minimize the steady-state air flow, permitting us to use small resonant-piston pumps to supply pressure and vacuum. To protect the valve from water contamination in the event of a broken pipette, an optical sensor detects water entering the valve and increases pressure rapidly to clear the system. The open-loop time constant for pressure is 2.5 ms for a 100-mmHg step, and the closed-loop settling time is 500-600 micros. Valve actuation latency is 120 micros. The system performance is illustrated for mechanically induced changes in patch capacitance.

Gravity gradiometry developments at Lockheed Martin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Difrancesco, D.

2003-04-01

Lockheed Martin has developed and fielded multiple configurations of the rotating accelerometer gravity gradiometer instrument. Applications for both static and moving-base measurements have been demonstrated for a variety of scenarios, including vehicle navigation, hydrocarbon exploration, mineral exploration, reservoir monitoring, underground void detection and treaty monitoring and compliance. The most recent systems built by Lockheed Martin extend the performance range of the early 4-accelerometer gradiometers by adding a second complement of four accelerometers. This achieves the benefit of lower instrument noise and improved frequency response (wider bandwidth) for stringent application scenarios. A summary of the gradiometer development history, functional concepts, instrument and system operation, and demonstrated performance will be presented. Development Background The U. S. Air Force Geophysics Laboratory (AFGL; now AFRL) instituted a program in 1982 to develop and field a moving base gradiometer system that could be used both on land and in the air. The result was the Gravity Gradiometer Survey System (GGSS) which first demonstrated the ability to make airborne gravity gradient measurements in 1987 (Jekeli, 1988). At the same time, the U.S. Navy began development of the Gravity Sensors System (GSS) for use on the Fleet Ballistic Submarine Trident II navigation subsystem. This military background paved the way for commercial uses of gravity gradiometry. Both the GSS and GGSS employed a first generation gravity gradiometer instrument (GGI), which was comprised of four accelerometers mounted on a rotating disk. The details of the GGI operation are further described in the work by Gerber and Hofmeyer (Gerber, 1978 and Hofmeyer, 1994). Recent Advancements in Gradiometer Instrumentation With the instrumentation experience gained through such programs as GSS and GGSS, Lockheed Martin embarked upon an ambitious effort in the early 1990's to further improve the

Portable high precision pressure transducer system

DOEpatents

Piper, Thomas C.; Morgan, John P.; Marchant, Norman J.; Bolton, Steven M.

1994-01-01

A high precision pressure transducer system for checking the reliability of a second pressure transducer system used to monitor the level of a fluid confined in a holding tank. Since the response of the pressure transducer is temperature sensitive, it is continually housed in an battery powered oven which is configured to provide a temperature stable environment at specified temperature for an extended period of time. Further, a high precision temperature stabilized oscillator and counter are coupled to a single board computer to accurately determine the pressure transducer oscillation frequency and convert it to an applied pressure. All of the components are powered by the batteries which during periods of availability of line power are charged by an on board battery charger. The pressure readings outputs are transmitted to a line printer and a vacuum florescent display.

Portable high precision pressure transducer system

DOEpatents

Piper, T.C.; Morgan, J.P.; Marchant, N.J.; Bolton, S.M.

1994-04-26

A high precision pressure transducer system is described for checking the reliability of a second pressure transducer system used to monitor the level of a fluid confined in a holding tank. Since the response of the pressure transducer is temperature sensitive, it is continually housed in an battery powered oven which is configured to provide a temperature stable environment at specified temperature for an extended period of time. Further, a high precision temperature stabilized oscillator and counter are coupled to a single board computer to accurately determine the pressure transducer oscillation frequency and convert it to an applied pressure. All of the components are powered by the batteries which during periods of availability of line power are charged by an on board battery charger. The pressure readings outputs are transmitted to a line printer and a vacuum fluorescent display. 2 figures.

All in the Family: A Belated Response to Knudson-Martin's Feminist Revision of Bowen Theory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Horne, K. Blake; Hicks, Mary W.

2002-01-01

The first formal attempt at revising Bowen theory within the marriage and family therapy literature is represented in the work of Knudson-Martin (1994). Claiming that several of the theory's concepts are defined at odds with female development, Knudson-Martin (1994) reconceptualizes and expands Bowen theory to rectify these perceived shortcomings.…

HIGH PRESSURE COAL COMBUSTON KINETICS PROJECT

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stefano Orsino

As part of the U.S. Department of Energy (DoE) initiative to improve the efficiency of coal-fired power plants and reduce the pollution generated by these facilities, DOE has funded the High-Pressure Coal Combustion Kinetics (HPCCK) Projects. A series of laboratory experiments were conducted on selected pulverized coals at elevated pressures with the specific goals to provide new data for pressurized coal combustion that will help extend to high pressure and validate models for burnout, pollutant formation, and generate samples of solid combustion products for analyses to fill crucial gaps in knowledge of char morphology and fly ash formation. Two seriesmore » of high-pressure coal combustion experiments were performed using SRI's pressurized radiant coal flow reactor. The first series of tests characterized the near burner flame zone (NBFZ). Three coals were tested, two high volatile bituminous (Pittsburgh No.8 and Illinois No.6), and one sub-bituminous (Powder River Basin), at pressures of 1, 2, and 3 MPa (10, 20, and 30 atm). The second series of experiments, which covered high-pressure burnout (HPBO) conditions, utilized a range of substantially longer combustion residence times to produce char burnout levels from 50% to 100%. The same three coals were tested at 1, 2, and 3 MPa, as well as at 0.2 MPa. Tests were also conducted on Pittsburgh No.8 coal in CO2 entrainment gas at 0.2, 1, and 2 MPa to begin establishing a database of experiments relevant to carbon sequestration techniques. The HPBO test series included use of an impactor-type particle sampler to measure the particle size distribution of fly ash produced under complete burnout conditions. The collected data have been interpreted with the help of CFD and detailed kinetics simulation to extend and validate devolatilization, char combustion and pollutant model at elevated pressure. A global NOX production sub-model has been proposed. The submodel reproduces the performance of the detailed chemical

Surprise in Schools: Martin Buber and Dialogic Schooling

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stern, Julian

2013-01-01

The philosopher Martin Buber described the central role of surprise in education. Surprise is not an alternative to planning and order in schools, and it is not even an alternative to repetitive practice. It is, instead, that which must be allowed to occur in any dialogic encounter. Schooling that is creative and filled with hope will also be…

Racism and the older voter? Arizona's rejection of a paid holiday to honor Martin Luther King.

PubMed

Kastenbaum, R

1991-01-01

Two propositions that would have established a paid Martin Luther King holiday were defeated in Arizona's statewide elections of November 6, 1990. Communities and counties with high proportions of senior adult voters cast proportionately more votes against these propositions. Was this an example of racism among the primarily anglo senior adult voters of Arizona? Three models were proposed to account for the general pattern of election-related behavior as well as the vote itself: 1) proactive racist, 2) pragmatic self-interest, and 3) fortress mentality. It was suggested that proactive racism and pragmatic self-interest accounted for less of the opposition to a paid holiday honoring Martin Luther King than did a fortress mentality that has developed through a combination of circumstances. Attention is also given to the larger question of senior adults as perpetrators as well as victims of bigotry.

NASA Awards Contract to Lockheed Martin to Build X-Plane

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-04-03

NASA has taken another step toward re-introducing supersonic flight with the award Tuesday of a contract for the design, build and testing of a supersonic aircraft that reduces a sonic boom to a gentle thump. Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company of Palmdale, California, was selected for the Low-Boom Flight Demonstrator contract valued at $247.5 million with work going through Dec. 31, 2021. Under this contract, Lockheed Martin will complete the design and fabrication of an experimental aircraft, known as an X-plane, which will cruise at 55,000 feet at a speed of about 940 mph and, instead of a sonic boom, create a sound only about as loud as a car door closing in the distance equivalent to approximately 75 Perceived Level decibel (PLdB).

MARTINS: A foam/film flow model for molten material relocation in HWRs with U-Al-fueled multi-tube assemblies

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kalimullah

1994-03-01

Some special purpose heavy-water reactors (EM) are made of assemblies consisting of a number of coaxial aluminum-clad U-Al alloy fuel tubes and an outer Al sleeve surrounding the fuel tubes. The heavy water coolant flows in the annular gaps between the circular tubes. Analysis of severe accidents in such reactors requires a model for predicting the behavior of the fuel tubes as they melt and disrupt. This paper describes a detailed, mechanistic model for fuel tube heatup, melting, freezing, and molten material relocation, called MARTINS (Melting and Relocation of Tubes in Nuclear subassembly). The paper presents the modeling of themore » phenomena in MARTINS, and an application of the model to analysis of a reactivity insertion accident. Some models are being developed to compute gradual downward relocation of molten material at decay-heat power levels via candling along intact tubes, neglecting coolant vapor hydrodynamic forces on molten material. These models are inadequate for high power accident sequences involving significant hydrodynamic forces. These forces are included in MARTINS.« less

Introduction to High-Pressure Science

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dera, Przemyslaw

To a common person pressure is just one of the parameters that describe a thermodynamic state. We all hear about it in everyday weather forecasts, and most of us do not associate it with anything particularly unique. Probably the most intuitive idea of the effect of high-pressure comes from movies, where submarine sinking to the bottom of the ocean is gradually crushed by the surrounding water, until its hull implodes. Why, then hundreds of scientists throughout the world spent their lifelong careers studying high-pressure phenomena? Despite all the developments in experimental technologies and instrumentation, modern scientist has very few tools that allow him or her to "grab" two atoms and bring them, in a very controllable way, closer together. Being able to achieve this task means the ability to directly probe interatomic interaction potentials and can cause transformations as dramatic as turning of a common gas into solid metal. Before the reader delves into more advanced topics described later in this book, this introductory chapter aims to explain several elementary, but extremely important concepts in high-pressure science. We will start with a brief discussion of laboratory devices used to produce pressure, address the issue of hydrostaticity, elastic and plastic compression, and will conclude with a short discussion of unique effects of anisotropic stress.

30 CFR 57.13021 - High-pressure hose connections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false High-pressure hose connections. 57.13021... Air and Boilers § 57.13021 High-pressure hose connections. Except where automatic shutoff valves are...-pressure hose lines of 3/4-inch inside diameter or larger, and between high-pressure hose lines of 3/4-inch...

26. Photocopy of photograph (from V. Covert Martin Collection, c. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

26. Photocopy of photograph (from V. Covert Martin Collection, c. 1925) EXTERIOR, GENERAL VIEW OF MISSION AND CONVENTO AFTER COMPLETED RESTORATION, C. 1925 - Mission San Francisco Solano de Sonoma, First & Spain Streets, Sonoma, Sonoma County, CA

Sleep Deprivation: A Cause of High Blood Pressure?

MedlinePlus

... Is it true that sleep deprivation can cause high blood pressure? Answers from Sheldon G. Sheps, M.D. Possibly. It's thought ... night may be at higher risk of developing high blood pressure or worsening already high blood pressure. There's also ...

Criterion for Identifying Vortices in High-Pressure Flows

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bellan, Josette; Okong'o, Nora

2007-01-01

A study of four previously published computational criteria for identifying vortices in high-pressure flows has led to the selection of one of them as the best. This development can be expected to contribute to understanding of high-pressure flows, which occur in diverse settings, including diesel, gas turbine, and rocket engines and the atmospheres of Jupiter and other large gaseous planets. Information on the atmospheres of gaseous planets consists mainly of visual and thermal images of the flows over the planets. Also, validation of recently proposed computational models of high-pressure flows entails comparison with measurements, which are mainly of visual nature. Heretofore, the interpretation of images of high-pressure flows to identify vortices has been based on experience with low-pressure flows. However, high-pressure flows have features distinct from those of low-pressure flows, particularly in regions of high pressure gradient magnitude caused by dynamic turbulent effects and by thermodynamic mixing of chemical species. Therefore, interpretations based on low-pressure behavior may lead to misidentification of vortices and other flow structures in high-pressure flows. The study reported here was performed in recognition of the need for one or more quantitative criteria for identifying coherent flow structures - especially vortices - from previously generated flow-field data, to complement or supersede the determination of flow structures by visual inspection of instantaneous fields or flow animations. The focus in the study was on correlating visible images of flow features with various quantities computed from flow-field data.

Jean-Martin Charcot Pathologist, Neurologist, Psychiatrist and Physician

PubMed Central

Pandey, Sanjay

2012-01-01

Jean-Martin Charcot is known as father of modern neurology. Before him, neurology was only limited to select disorders like chorea. His contributions were not limited to neurology only, as he was instrumental in many new developments in the field of pathology, psychiatry, and internal medicine. Even after 100 years, Charcot`s clinical methods remain the pillar of modern neurology. PMID:23349597

Photocopy of photograph (from Mrs. Martin, grandniece of John French, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photocopy of photograph (from Mrs. Martin, grandniece of John French, Clinton, Missouri) Circa 1900, photographer unknown JOHN AND ALMIRA FRENCH IN FRONT OF WEST AND SOUTH FACADES - John French Farm, South Grand River, Deepwater, Henry County, MO

High pressure oxygen furnace

DOEpatents

Morris, D.E.

1992-07-14

A high temperature high pressure oxygen furnace having a hybrid partially externally heated construction is disclosed. A metallic bar fabricated from an alloy having a composition of at least 45% nickel, 15% chrome, and 10% tungsten is utilized, the preferred alloy including 55% nickel, 22% chrome, 14% tungsten, 2% molybdenum, 3% iron (maximum) and 5% cobalt (maximum). The disclosed alloy is fabricated into 11/4 inch bar stock and has a length of about 17 inches. This bar stock is gun drilled for over 16 inches of its length with 0.400 inch aperture to define a closed high temperature, high pressure oxygen chamber. The opposite and closed end of the bar is provided with a small support aperture into which both a support and a thermocouple can be inserted. The closed end of the gun drilled bar is inserted into an oven, preferably heated by standard nickel chrome electrical elements and having a heavily insulated exterior. 5 figs.

High pressure oxygen furnace

DOEpatents

Morris, Donald E.

1992-01-01

A high temperature high pressure oxygen furnace having a hybrid partially externally heated construction is disclosed. A metallic bar fabricated from an alloy having a composition of at least 45% nickel, 15% chrome, and 10% tungsten is utilized (the preferred alloy including 55% nickel, 22% chrome, 14% tungsten, 2% molybdenum, 3% iron (maximum) and 5% cobalt (maximum). The disclosed alloy is fabricated into 11/4 inch bar stock and has a length of about 17 inches. This bar stock is gun drilled for over 16 inches of its length with 0.400 inch aperture to define a closed high temperature, high pressure oxygen chamber. The opposite and closed end of the bar is provided with a small support aperture into which both a support and a thermocouple can be inserted. The closed end of the gun drilled bar is inserted into an oven, preferably heated by standard nickel chrome electrical elements and having a heavily insulated exterior.

The Educational Evangelist of Eisleben: Martin Luther (1483-1546).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brickman, William W.

1983-01-01

While Martin Luther is often regarded as an outstanding educator and his historical importance as a religious leader is indisputable, a closer examination of his writings on religion and education and his virulent anti-Semitism leave his status as an outstanding general educator open to serious question. (IS)

Functional Sub-states by High-pressure Macromolecular Crystallography.

PubMed

Dhaussy, Anne-Claire; Girard, Eric

2015-01-01

At the molecular level, high-pressure perturbation is of particular interest for biological studies as it allows trapping conformational substates. Moreover, within the context of high-pressure adaptation of deep-sea organisms, it allows to decipher the molecular determinants of piezophily. To provide an accurate description of structural changes produced by pressure in a macromolecular system, developments have been made to adapt macromolecular crystallography to high-pressure studies. The present chapter is an overview of results obtained so far using high-pressure macromolecular techniques, from nucleic acids to virus capsid through monomeric as well as multimeric proteins.

Fuel droplet burning rates at high pressures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Canada, G. S.; Faeth, G. M.

1972-01-01

Combustion of methanol, ethanol, propanol -1, n - pentane, n - heptane and n - decane was observed in air under natural convection conditions at pressures up to 100 atm. The droplets were simulated by porous spheres with diameters in the range 0.63 - 1.90 cm. The pressure levels of the tests were high enough so that near critical combustion was observed for methanol and ethanol. Measurements were made of the burning rate and liquid surface temperatures of the fuels. The data were compared with variable property analysis of the combustion process, including a correction for natural convection. The burning rate predictions of the various theories were similar and in fair agreement with the data. The high pressure theory gave the best prediction for the liquid surface temperatures of ethanol and propanol -1 at high pressure. The experiments indicated the approach of critical burning conditions for methanol and ethanol at pressures on the order of 80 - 100 atm, which was in good agreement with the predictions of both the low and high pressure analysis.

[Aloys Martin and the Society of German Physicians in Paris].

PubMed

Goerig, M; Nemes, C

1998-02-01

The news about the discovery of the anaesthetic properties of ether swept rapidly from America to Europe. The first informations concerning this topic reached England in late fall of 1846 and after that came to France and especially Paris. The German physician Aloys Martin from Munich who was living in Paris at that time was largely responsible for conveying the news about these new findings in medical science to the German-speaking nations. Controversial discussions concerning the anaesthetic properties of ether developed among the members of various scientific circles right after the news from America had reached the city--and many members of the "Verein Deutscher Aerzte in Paris" (Association of German Physicians in Paris) took part in them, Martin then was one of the club's most active members and repeatedly reported on the new method as a correspondent for the widely read "Augsburger Allgemeine Zeitung": Documents discovered recently at the archives of the "Leopoldinisch-Carolinischen Akademie" of Halle provide an interesting insight into this association, whose members tried to find out more about the anaesthetic properties and side effects of ether carrying out a series of well appreciated self-experiments in the spring of 1847. The following text reports on the history of the "Verein Deutscher Aerzte in Paris" which has largely fallen into oblivion and emphasizes the importance of Aloys Martin whose name is strongly attached to the spread of the use of ether throughout the German-speaking countries.

Modeling pressure-driven assembly of polymer coated nanoparticles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lane, J. Matthew D.; Salerno, K. Michael; Grest, Gary S.; Fan, Hongyou

2017-06-01

High-pressure experiments have successfully produced a variety of gold nanostructures by compressing polymer coated spherical nanoparticles. We apply atomistic simulation to understand the role of the soft polymer response in determining the pressure-driven assembly of gold nanostructures. Quasi-isentropic experiments have shown that 1D, 2D and 3D nanostructures can be formed and recovered from dynamic compression of fcc superlattices of alkanethiol-coated gold nanocrystals on Sandia's Veloce pulsed power accelerator. Molecular modeling has shown that the dimensionality of the final structures depends on the orientation of the superlattice and the uniaxial loading. We describe the role of coating ligand length and grafting density, on ligand migration and deformation processes during pressure-driven coalescence of the cores into permanent nanowires, nanosheets and 3D structures. The role of uniaxial vs isotropic pressure and the effects of compression along various superlattice orientations will be discussed. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-mission laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.

Raman spectroscopy of triolein under high pressures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tefelski, D. B.; Jastrzębski, C.; Wierzbicki, M.; Siegoczyński, R. M.; Rostocki, A. J.; Wieja, K.; Kościesza, R.

2010-03-01

This article presents results of the high pressure Raman spectroscopy of triolein. Triolein, a triacylglyceride (TAG) of oleic acid, is an unsaturated fat, present in natural oils such as olive oil. As a basic food component and an energy storage molecule, it has considerable importance for food and fuel industries. To generate pressure in the experiment, we used a high-pressure cylindrical chamber with sapphire windows, presented in (R.M. Siegoczyński, R. Kościesza, D.B. Tefelski, and A. Kos, Molecular collapse - modification of the liquid structure induced by pressure in oleic acid, High Press. Res. 29 (2009), pp. 61-66). Pressure up to 750 MPa was applied. A Raman spectrometer in "macro"-configuration was employed. Raman spectroscopy provides information on changes of vibrational modes related to structural changes of triolein under pressure. Interesting changes in the triglyceride C‒H stretching region at 2650-3100 cm-1 were observed under high-pressures. Changes were also observed in the ester carbonyl (C˭ O) stretching region 1700-1780 cm-1 and the C‒C stretching region at 1050-1150 cm-1. The overall luminescence of the sample decreased under pressure, making it possible to set longer spectrum acquisition time and obtain more details of the spectrum. The registered changes suggest that the high-pressure solid phase of triolein is organized as β-polymorphic, as was reported in (C. Akita, T. Kawaguchi, and F. Kaneko, Structural study on polymorphism of cis-unsaturated triacylglycerol: Triolein, J. Phys. Chem. B 110 (2006), pp. 4346-4353; E. Da Silva and D. Rousseau, Molecular order and thermodynamics of the solid-liquid transition in triglycerides via Raman spectroscopy, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 10 (2008), pp. 4606-4613) (with temperature-induced phase transitions). The research has shown that Raman spectroscopy in TAGs under pressure reveals useful information about its structural changes.

High Pressure Elastic Constants of High-Pressure Iron Analog Osmium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Godwal, B. K.; Geballe, Z.; Jeanloz, R.

2011-12-01

Understanding the elasticity of hcp iron is important both for ascertaining the stable phase and for explaining the observed seismic anomalies of Earth's inner core. A systematic experimental study of analog materials is warranted because experiments at inner-core conditions remain exceptionally challenging and theory has yielded conflicting results for iron. The deformation of hexagonal close-packed (hcp) Os, an analog for the high-pressure hcp form of Fe, has been characterized under non-hydrostatic stresses using synchrotron-based angular-dispersive radial x-ray diffraction to pressures of 60 GPa at room temperature. Starting with published ultrasonic values of elastic constants and previous measurements of linear and volume compressibilities, we estimate the single-crystal elasticity tensor of osmium to 60 GPa and find that the crystal orientation with the largest shear modulus, (002), accommodates the largest shear stress (10 GPa) and a differential strain surpassing the Voigt iso-strain limit. We find the conventional elastic model, bounded by Reuss (iso-stress) and Voigt limits, inadequate for explaining our measurements. Instead, we infer that plastic deformation limits the amount of shear stress supported by the crystal planes near the a-axis, causing the more elastically strong c-axis to support the majority of the differential strain. This conclusion is consistent with the elasto-plastic self-consistent approach used to model the effect of plasticity on the high-pressure deformation of hcp-Co (Merkel et al, PRB 79, 064110 (2009)). Importantly, we document a strength anisotropy so large that the Voigt (elastic) limit is clearly surpassed.

Preeclampsia and High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy

MedlinePlus

... AQ FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS FAQ034 PREGNANCY Preeclampsia and High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy • What is high blood pressure? • What is chronic hypertension? • What is gestational hypertension? • ...

The Limits of Master Narratives in History Textbooks: An Analysis of Representations of Martin Luther King, Jr.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alridge, Derrick P.

2006-01-01

In this study, I argue that American history textbooks present discrete, heroic, one-dimensional, and neatly packaged master narratives that deny students a complex, realistic, and rich understanding of people and events in American history. In making this argument, I examine the master narratives of Martin Luther King, Jr., in high school history…

Martin Van Butchell (1735-1814): the eccentric, "kook" dentist of old London.

PubMed

Christen, A G; Christen, J A

1999-11-01

This article is a thumbnail sketch of the life and times of Martin Van Butchell (1735-1814), an eccentric, "kook" advertising dentist of Old London. Van Butchell earned these descriptive labels by displaying an unorthodox lifestyle, an outrageous personal appearance and outlandish, extreme and socially unacceptable personal and professional behaviors. While the general populace seemed to be fascinated by his strange ways, dentists and physicians were generally alienated by them. Nevertheless, he was considered a good dentist for his time, and he was extremely popular with his patients. Martin practiced dentistry for 23 years, and he practiced medicine as well, specializing in the treatment of ruptures and anal fistulas. Van Butchell interacted greatly with both John and William Hunter, who became two of the most famous and talented physicians, surgeons, anatomists and biologists of all time. When his first wife, Mary died, Martin arranged for her body to be embalmed and publicly displayed in his dental office for advertising purposes. Her preserved body was shown at the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons (London), until it was destroyed by a German fire bomb in May, 1941. Mary's remains were on public display for a total of 166 years.

Single Molecule Raman Spectroscopy Under High Pressure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fu, Yuanxi; Dlott, Dana

2014-06-01

Pressure effects on surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectra of Rhdoamine 6G adsorbed on silver nanoparticle surfaces was studied using a confocal Raman microscope. Colloidal silver nanoparticles were treated with Rhodamine 6G (R6G) and its isotopically substituted partner, R6G-d4. Mixed isotopomers let us identify single-molecule spectra, since multiple-molecule spectra would show vibrational transitions from both species. The nanoparticles were embedded into a poly vinyl alcohol film, and loaded into a diamond anvil cell for the high-pressure Raman scattering measurement. Argon was the pressure medium. Ambient pressure Raman scattering spectra showed few single-molecule spectra. At moderately high pressure ( 1GPa), a surprising effect was observed. The number of sites with observable spectra decreased dramatically, and most of the spectra that could be observed were due to single molecules. The effects of high pressure suppressed the multiple-molecule Raman sites, leaving only the single-molecule sites to be observed.

7 CFR 58.219 - High pressure pumps and lines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false High pressure pumps and lines. 58.219 Section 58.219....219 High pressure pumps and lines. High pressure lines may be cleaned-in-place and shall be of such construction that dead ends, valves and the high pressure pumps can be disassembled for hand cleaning. The high...

Hazardous Waste Cleanup: Lockheed Martin Corporation in Liverpool, New York

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The Lockheed Martin Corporation owns the Electronics Park facility, which is located on Electronics Parkway in the Town of Salina, New York. The Electronics Park facility was constructed in the mid-1940 by the General Electric (GE) Company. Ownership was

Martin Bergmann: The Last 21 Years.

PubMed

Feiner, Kenneth

2015-06-01

Martin Bergmann has contributed to our understanding of psychoanalysis for more than sixty years. A review of his contributions to psychoanalysis was completed in 1994, when Bergmann was 83 years old. Consideration of his remarkable productivity in the last twenty years clearly demonstrates the need to update this review. In these years, he extended his writing on the history of psychoanalysis, added to his contributions to an understanding of love, advanced ideas about psychoanalytic technique, and wrote two books on Shakespeare, as well as doing work in anthropology, sociology, literature, history, and religious studies. This paper reviews that work.

High pressure studies of potassium perchlorate

DOE PAGES

Pravica, Michael; Wang, Yonggang; Sneed, Daniel; ...

2016-07-29

Two experiments are reported on KClO 4 at extreme conditions. A static high pressure Raman study was first conducted to 18.9 GPa. Evidence for at least two new phases was observed: one between 2.4 and 7.7 GPa (possibly sluggish), and the second near 11.7 GPa. Then, the X-ray induced decomposition rate of potassium perchlorate (KClO 4 hv→ KCl + 2O 2) was studied up to 15.2 GPa. The time-dependent growth of KCl and O 2 was monitored. The decomposition rate slowed at higher pressures. As a result, we present the first direct evidence for O 2 crystallization at higher pressures,more » demonstrating that O 2 molecules aggregate at high pressure.« less

Acoustic wave propagation in high-pressure system.

PubMed

Foldyna, Josef; Sitek, Libor; Habán, Vladimír

2006-12-22

Recently, substantial attention is paid to the development of methods of generation of pulsations in high-pressure systems to produce pulsating high-speed water jets. The reason is that the introduction of pulsations into the water jets enables to increase their cutting efficiency due to the fact that the impact pressure (so-called water-hammer pressure) generated by an impact of slug of water on the target material is considerably higher than the stagnation pressure generated by corresponding continuous jet. Special method of pulsating jet generation was developed and tested extensively under the laboratory conditions at the Institute of Geonics in Ostrava. The method is based on the action of acoustic transducer on the pressure liquid and transmission of generated acoustic waves via pressure system to the nozzle. The purpose of the paper is to present results obtained during the research oriented at the determination of acoustic wave propagation in high-pressure system. The final objective of the research is to solve the problem of transmission of acoustic waves through high-pressure water to generate pulsating jet effectively even at larger distances from the acoustic source. In order to be able to simulate numerically acoustic wave propagation in the system, it is necessary among others to determine dependence of the sound speed and second kinematical viscosity on operating pressure. Method of determination of the second kinematical viscosity and speed of sound in liquid using modal analysis of response of the tube filled with liquid to the impact was developed. The response was measured by pressure sensors placed at both ends of the tube. Results obtained and presented in the paper indicate good agreement between experimental data and values of speed of sound calculated from so-called "UNESCO equation". They also show that the value of the second kinematical viscosity of water depends on the pressure.

Energy Systems High-Pressure Test Laboratory | Energy Systems Integration

Science.gov Websites

Facility | NREL Energy Systems High-Pressure Test Laboratory Energy Systems High-Pressure Test Laboratory In the Energy Systems Integration Facility's High-Pressure Test Laboratory, researchers can safely test high-pressure hydrogen components. Photo of researchers running an experiment with a hydrogen fuel

30 CFR 56.13021 - High-pressure hose connections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false High-pressure hose connections. 56.13021... and Boilers § 56.13021 High-pressure hose connections. Except where automatic shutoff valves are used, safety chains or other suitable locking devices shall be used at connections to machines of high-pressure...

Payload specialist Martin Fettmen during data collection neurovestibular test

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-09-29

S93-45314 (29 Sept 1993) --- Payload specialist Martin J. Fettman, in an oscillating sled device, participates in a data collection project for neurovestibular functions. The seven Spacelab Life Sciences (SLS-2) crewmembers devoted a full day to miscellaneous biomedical data collection in preparation for next month's two week mission aboard Columbia.

Magnetization at high pressure in CeP

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Naka, T.; Matsumoto, T.; Okayama, Y.; Môri, N.; Haga, Y.; Suzuki, T.

1995-02-01

We have investigated the pressure dependence of magnetization below 60 K up to 1.6 GPa in the low-carrier concentration system CeP showing two step transitions at T = TL and TH under high pressure. At high pressure, M( P, T) exhibits a maximum at around the lower transition temperature TL. This behavior implies that the magnetic state changes at TL. The pressure dependence of isothermal magnetization M( P) is different above and below TL. In fact, M( P) below TL exhibits a maximum at around 1.4 GPa, whereas M( P) above TL increases steeply with pressure up to 1.6 GPa.

A high-pressure carbon dioxide gasdynamic laser

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kuehn, D. M.

1973-01-01

A carbon dioxide gasdynamic laser was operated over a range of reservoir pressure and temperature, test-gas mixture, and nozzle geometry. A significant result is the dominant influence of nozzle geometry on laser power at high pressure. High reservoir pressure can be effectively utilized to increase laser power if nozzle geometry is chosen to efficiently freeze the test gas. Maximum power density increased from 3.3 W/cu cm of optical cavity volume for an inefficient nozzle to 83.4 W/cu cm at 115 atm for a more efficient nozzle. Variation in the composition of the test gas also caused large changes in laser power output. Most notable is the influence of the catalyst (helium or water vapor) that was used to depopulate the lower vibrational state of the carbon dioxide. Water caused an extreme deterioration of laser power at high pressure (100 atm), whereas, at low pressure the laser for the two catalysts approached similar values. It appears that at high pressure the depopulation of the upper laser level of the carbon dioxide by the water predominates over the lower state depopulation, thus destroying the inversion.

Trends in high pressure developments for new perspectives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Largeteau, Alain; Prakasam, Mythili

2018-06-01

Temperature and Pressure are two parameters in the universe, where pressure represents the largest scale in comparison to temperature. The design of high pressure equipment depends mainly on the media used which could be gas, liquid or solid and the objective could be synthesis of materials or in situ characterization. The development of new research fields requiring high pressure equipment which are currently in Bordeaux - France are based on the historical development of high pressure domain initiated by Professor Gerard DEMAZEAU and his team during the last half century, which is discussed here. The main concepts governing the effect of pressure on materials synthesis is by the combination of high pressure and high temperature which are described with apt examples. There is an upsurge in various technologies for strong development for the synthesis of materials to drive several possibilities, for example: to reach very high density to obtain optical ceramics (by conventional SPS), to diminish parameters (P, T, t) of synthesis (by HP-SPS), to sinter at low temperature thermal sensitive composition (by HyS), to consolidate porous materials (by FIP), to densify biocomposite with cold decontamination (by HHP) simultaneously, etc.

Martin J. Klein: From Physicist to Historian

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, Danian

2012-12-01

To his friends, colleagues, and students, Martin Klein was a gentle and modest man of extraordinary integrity whose stellar accomplishments garnered him many honors. I sketch his life and career, in which he transformed himself from a theoretical physicist at Columbia University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the Case Institute of Technology into a historian of physics while on leave at the Dublin Institute for Advanced Study and the University of Leiden and then pursued this field full time at Yale University.

77 FR 21150 - Requested Administrative Waiver of the Coastwise Trade Laws: Vessel SIR MARTIN II; Invitation for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-09

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Maritime Administration [Docket No. MARAD 2012 0047] Requested Administrative Waiver of the Coastwise Trade Laws: Vessel SIR MARTIN II; Invitation for Public Comments AGENCY... the vessel SIR MARTIN II is: Intended Commercial Use of Vessel: ``Day charter up to 6 passengers for...

Critical cerebral perfusion pressure at high intracranial pressure measured by induced cerebrovascular and intracranial pressure reactivity.

PubMed

Bragin, Denis E; Statom, Gloria L; Yonas, Howard; Dai, Xingping; Nemoto, Edwin M

2014-12-01

The lower limit of cerebral blood flow autoregulation is the critical cerebral perfusion pressure at which cerebral blood flow begins to fall. It is important that cerebral perfusion pressure be maintained above this level to ensure adequate cerebral blood flow, especially in patients with high intracranial pressure. However, the critical cerebral perfusion pressure of 50 mm Hg, obtained by decreasing mean arterial pressure, differs from the value of 30 mm Hg, obtained by increasing intracranial pressure, which we previously showed was due to microvascular shunt flow maintenance of a falsely high cerebral blood flow. The present study shows that the critical cerebral perfusion pressure, measured by increasing intracranial pressure to decrease cerebral perfusion pressure, is inaccurate but accurately determined by dopamine-induced dynamic intracranial pressure reactivity and cerebrovascular reactivity. Cerebral perfusion pressure was decreased either by increasing intracranial pressure or decreasing mean arterial pressure and the critical cerebral perfusion pressure by both methods compared. Cortical Doppler flux, intracranial pressure, and mean arterial pressure were monitored throughout the study. At each cerebral perfusion pressure, we measured microvascular RBC flow velocity, blood-brain barrier integrity (transcapillary dye extravasation), and tissue oxygenation (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) in the cerebral cortex of rats using in vivo two-photon laser scanning microscopy. University laboratory. Male Sprague-Dawley rats. At each cerebral perfusion pressure, dopamine-induced arterial pressure transients (~10 mm Hg, ~45 s duration) were used to measure induced intracranial pressure reactivity (Δ intracranial pressure/Δ mean arterial pressure) and induced cerebrovascular reactivity (Δ cerebral blood flow/Δ mean arterial pressure). At a normal cerebral perfusion pressure of 70 mm Hg, 10 mm Hg mean arterial pressure pulses had no effect on

Nitromethane decomposition under high static pressure.

PubMed

Citroni, Margherita; Bini, Roberto; Pagliai, Marco; Cardini, Gianni; Schettino, Vincenzo

2010-07-29

The room-temperature pressure-induced reaction of nitromethane has been studied by means of infrared spectroscopy in conjunction with ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The evolution of the IR spectrum during the reaction has been monitored at 32.2 and 35.5 GPa performing the measurements in a diamond anvil cell. The simulations allowed the characterization of the onset of the high-pressure reaction, showing that its mechanism has a complex bimolecular character and involves the formation of the aci-ion of nitromethane. The growth of a three-dimensional disordered polymer has been evidenced both in the experiments and in the simulations. On decompression of the sample, after the reaction, a continuous evolution of the product is observed with a decomposition into smaller molecules. This behavior has been confirmed by the simulations and represents an important novelty in the scene of the known high-pressure reactions of molecular systems. The major reaction product on decompression is N-methylformamide, the smallest molecule containing the peptide bond. The high-pressure reaction of crystalline nitromethane under irradiation at 458 nm was also experimentally studied. The reaction threshold pressure is significantly lowered by the electronic excitation through two-photon absorption, and methanol, not detected in the purely pressure-induced reaction, is formed. The presence of ammonium carbonate is also observed.

Calculating Mass Diffusion in High-Pressure Binary Fluids

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bellan, Josette; Harstad, Kenneth

2004-01-01

A comprehensive mathematical model of mass diffusion has been developed for binary fluids at high pressures, including critical and supercritical pressures. Heretofore, diverse expressions, valid for limited parameter ranges, have been used to correlate high-pressure binary mass-diffusion-coefficient data. This model will likely be especially useful in the computational simulation and analysis of combustion phenomena in diesel engines, gas turbines, and liquid rocket engines, wherein mass diffusion at high pressure plays a major role.

High-Pressure Oxygen Generation for Outpost EVA Study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jeng, Frank F.; Conger, Bruce; Ewert, Michael K.; Anderson, Molly S.

2009-01-01

The amount of oxygen consumption for crew extravehicular activity (EVA) in future lunar exploration missions will be significant. Eight technologies to provide high pressure EVA O2 were investigated. They are: high pressure O2 storage, liquid oxygen (LOX) storage followed by vaporization, scavenging LOX from Lander followed by vaporization, LOX delivery followed by sorption compression, water electrolysis followed by compression, stand-alone high pressure water electrolyzer, Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) and Power Elements sharing a high pressure water electrolyzer, and ECLSS and In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) Elements sharing a high pressure electrolyzer. A trade analysis was conducted comparing launch mass and equivalent system mass (ESM) of the eight technologies in open and closed ECLSS architectures. Technologies considered appropriate for the two architectures were selected and suggested for development.

High-pressure Infrared Spectra of Tal and Lawsonite

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Scott,H.; Liu, Z.; Hemley, R.

2007-01-01

We present high-pressure infrared spectra of two geologically important hydrous minerals: talc, Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 and lawsonite, CaAl2Si2O7(OH)2{center_dot}H2O,{center_dot}at room temperature. For lawsonite, our data span the far infrared region from 150 to 550 cm-1 and extend to 25 GPa. We combine our new spectroscopic data with previously published high-pressure mid-infrared and Raman data to constrain the Gr{umlt u}neisen parameter and vibrational density of states under pressure. In the case of talc, we present high-pressure infrared data that span both the mid and far infrared from 150 to 3800 cm-1 covering lattice, silicate, and hydroxyl stretching vibrations to a maximum pressure of 30more » GPa. Both phases show remarkable metastability well beyond their nominal maximum thermodynamic stability at simultaneous high-pressure and high-temperature conditions.« less

Nanoshells as a high-pressure gauge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tempere, Jacques; van den Broeck, Nick; Putteneers, Katrijn; Silvera, Isaac

2012-02-01

Nanoshells, consisting of multiple spherical layers, have an extensive list of applications, usually performing the function of a probe. We add a new application to this list in the form of a high-pressure gauge in a Diamond Anvil Cell (DAC). In a DAC, where high pressures are reached by pressing two diamonds together, existing gauges fail at higher pressures because of calibration difficulties and obscuring effects in the diamonds. The nanoshell gauge does not face this issue since its optical spectrum can be engineered by altering the thickness of its layers. Furthermore their properties are measured by broad band optical transmission spectroscopy leading to a very large signal-to-noise ratio even in the multi-megabar pressure regime where ruby measurements become challenging. Theoretical calculations based on the Maxwell equations in a spherical geometry combined with the Vinet equation of state show that a three-layer geometry (SiO2-Au-SiO2) indeed has a measurable pressure-dependent optical response desirable for gauges.

Dynamism or Disorder at High Pressures?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Angel, R. J.; Bismayer, U.; Marshall, W. G.

2002-12-01

Phase transitions in minerals at elevated temperatures typically involve dynamics as a natural consequence of the increase in thermal energy available to the system. Classic examples include quartz, cristobalite, and carbonates in which the high-temperature, high symmetry phase is dynamically disordered. This disorder has important thermodynamic consequences, including displacement and curvature of phase boundaries (e.g. calcite-aragonite). In other minerals such as clinopyroxenes and anorthite feldspar, the dynamic behaviour is restricted to the neighbourhood of the phase transition. The fundamental question is whether increasing pressure generally suppresses such dynamic behaviour (as in anorthite; Angel, 1988), or not. In the latter case it must be included in thermodynamic models of high-pressure phase equilibria and seismological modelling of the mantle; the potential dynamics and softening in stishovite may provide the critical observational constraint on the presence or otherwise of free silica in the lower mantle. We have continued to use the lead phosphate as a prototype ferroelastic in which to understand dynamic behaviour, simply because its dynamics and transition behaviour is far better characterised than any mineral. Furthermore, the phase transition is at a pressure where experimental difficulties do not dominate the experimental results. Our previous neutron diffraction study (Angel et al., 2001) revealed that some disorder, either dynamic or static, is retained in the high-symmetry, high-pressure phase just above the phase transition. New neutron diffraction data on the pure material now suggests that this disorder slowly decreases with increasing pressure until at twice the transition pressure it is ordered. Further data for doped material provides insights into the nature of this disorder. Angel (1988) Amer. Mineral. 73:1114. Angel et al (2001) J PhysC 13: 5353.

A Graphene-Based Resistive Pressure Sensor with Record-High Sensitivity in a Wide Pressure Range

PubMed Central

Tian, He; Shu, Yi; Wang, Xue-Feng; Mohammad, Mohammad Ali; Bie, Zhi; Xie, Qian-Yi; Li, Cheng; Mi, Wen-Tian; Yang, Yi; Ren, Tian-Ling

2015-01-01

Pressure sensors are a key component in electronic skin (e-skin) sensing systems. Most reported resistive pressure sensors have a high sensitivity at low pressures (<5 kPa) to enable ultra-sensitive detection. However, the sensitivity drops significantly at high pressures (>5 kPa), which is inadequate for practical applications. For example, actions like a gentle touch and object manipulation have pressures below 10 kPa, and 10–100 kPa, respectively. Maintaining a high sensitivity in a wide pressure range is in great demand. Here, a flexible, wide range and ultra-sensitive resistive pressure sensor with a foam-like structure based on laser-scribed graphene (LSG) is demonstrated. Benefitting from the large spacing between graphene layers and the unique v-shaped microstructure of the LSG, the sensitivity of the pressure sensor is as high as 0.96 kPa−1 in a wide pressure range (0 ~ 50 kPa). Considering both sensitivity and pressure sensing range, the pressure sensor developed in this work is the best among all reported pressure sensors to date. A model of the LSG pressure sensor is also established, which agrees well with the experimental results. This work indicates that laser scribed flexible graphene pressure sensors could be widely used for artificial e-skin, medical-sensing, bio-sensing and many other areas. PMID:25721159

Menopause and High Blood Pressure: What's the Connection?

MedlinePlus

... pattern of blood pressure in postmenopausal women with hypertension in Nigeria. Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences. 2014;24:153. April 28, 2016 Original article: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/menopause-and-high-blood-pressure/FAQ- ...

Estimated Flying Qualities of the Martin Model 202 Airplane

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Weil, Joseph; Spear, Margaret

1947-01-01

The flying qualities of the Martin model 202 airplane have been estimated chiefly from the results of tests of an 0.0875-scale complete model with power made in the Wright Brothers tunnel at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and from partial span wing and isolated vertical tail tests made in the Georgia Tech Nine-Foot Tunnel. These estimated handling qualities have been compared with existing Army-Navy and CAA requirements for stability and control. The results of the analysis indicate that the Martin model 202 airplane will possess satisfactory handling qualities in all respects except possibly in the following: The amount of elevator control available for landing or maneuvering in the landing condition is either marginal or insufficient when using the adjustable stabilizer linked to the flaps . Moreover, indications are that the longitudinal trim changes will be neither large nor appreciably worse with a fixed stabilizer than with the contemplated arrangement utilizing the adjustable stabilizer in an attempt to reduce the magnitude of the trim changes caused by flap deflection.

HIGH PRESSURE GAS REGULATOR

DOEpatents

Ramage, R.W.

1962-05-01

A gas regulator operating on the piston and feedback principle is described. The device is particularly suitable for the delicate regulation of high pressure, i.e., 10,000 psi and above, gas sources, as well as being perfectly adaptable for use on gas supplies as low as 50 psi. The piston is adjustably connected to a needle valve and the movement of the piston regulates the flow of gas from the needle valve. The gas output is obtained from the needle valve. Output pressure is sampled by a piston feedback means which, in turn, regulates the movement of the main piston. When the output is other than the desired value, the feedback system initiates movement of the main piston to allow the output pressure to be corrected or to remain constant. (AEC)

Carbon in iron phases under high pressure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, L.; Skorodumova, N. V.; Belonoshko, A. B.; Johansson, B.; Ahuja, R.

2005-11-01

The influence of carbon impurities on the properties of iron phases (bcc, hcp, dhcp, fcc) has been studied using the first-principles projector augmented-wave (PAW) method for a wide pressure range. It is shown that the presence of ~6 at. % of interstitial carbon has a little effect on the calculated structural sequence of the iron phases under high pressure. The bcc -> hcp transition both for pure iron and iron containing carbon takes place around 9 GPa. According to the enthalpies comparison, the solubility of carbon into the iron solid is decreased by high pressure. The coexistence of iron carbide (Fe3C) + pure hcp Fe is most stable phase at high pressure compared with other phases. Based on the analysis of the pressure-density dependences for Fe3C and hcp Fe, we suggest that there might be some fraction of iron carbide present in the core.

Polarized Light Experiment, Presa Don Martin, Coahuila, Mexico

NASA Image and Video Library

1989-05-08

This is a single scene from a pair (frames 021 & 024) to study the effects of polarized light in Earth Observations. One scene was exposed with vertically polarized light, the other, horizontally. The subject in this study, is a lake behind Presa (dam) Don Martin (27.5N, 100.5W) on the edge of the Rio Grande Plain near it's boundry with the Sierra Madre Orientral in Coahuila, Mexico.

High-pressure-assisted synthesis of high-volume ZnGeP2 polycrystalline

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Changbao; Wu, Haixin; Xiao, Ruichun; Chen, Shijing; Ma, Jiaren

2018-06-01

The pnictide and chalcogenide semiconductors are promising materials for the applications in the field of photoelectric. High-purity and high-volume polycrystalline required in the real-world applications is hard to be synthesized due to the high vapor pressure of phosphorus and sulfur components at high temperature. A new high-pressure-resisted method was used to investigate the synthesis of the nonlinear-optical semiconductor ZnGeP2. The high-purity ZnGeP2 polycrystalline material of approximately 500 g was synthesized in one run, which enables the preparation of nominally stoichiometric material. Since increasing internal pressure resistance of quartz crucible and reducing the reaction space, the high-pressure-resisted method can be used to rapidly synthesize other pnictide and chalcogenide semiconductors and control the components ratio.

Three Decades Investigating Humor and Laughter: An Interview With Professor Rod Martin

PubMed Central

Martin, Rod; Kuiper, Nicholas A.

2016-01-01

Since the start of the 21st century, the investigation of various psychological aspects of humor and laughter has become an increasingly prominent topic of research. This growth can be attributed, in no small part, to the pioneering and creative work on humor and laughter conducted by Professor Rod Martin. Dr. Martin’s research interests in humor and laughter began in the early 1980s and continued throughout his 32 year long career as a professor of clinical psychology at the University of Western Ontario. During this time, Dr. Martin published numerous scholarly articles, chapters, and books on psychological aspects of humor and laughter. Professor Martin has just retired in July 2016, and in the present interview he recounts a number of research highlights of his illustrious career. Dr. Martin’s earliest influential work, conducted while he was still in graduate school, stemmed from an individual difference perspective that focused on the beneficial effects of sense of humor on psychological well-being. This research focus remained evident in many of Professor Martin’s subsequent investigations, but became increasingly refined as he developed several measures of different components of sense of humor, including both adaptive and maladaptive humor styles. In this interview, Dr. Martin describes the conceptualization, development and use of the Humor Styles Questionnaire, along with suggestions for future research and development. In doing so, he also discusses the three main components of humor (i.e., cognitive, emotional and interpersonal), as well as the distinctions and similarities between humor and laughter. Further highlights of this interview include Professor Martin’s comments on such diverse issues as the genetic versus environmental loadings for sense of humor, the multifaceted nature of the construct of humor, and the possible limitations of teaching individuals to use humor in a beneficial manner to cope with stress and enhance their social and

Pressure ratio effects on self-similar scalar mixing of high-pressure turbulent jets in a pressurized volume

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ruggles, Adam; Pickett, Lyle; Frank, Jonathan

2014-11-01

Many real world combustion devices model fuel scalar mixing by assuming the self-similar argument established in atmospheric free jets. This allows simple prediction of the mean and rms fuel scalar fields to describe the mixing. This approach has been adopted in super critical liquid injections found in diesel engines where the liquid behaves as a dense fluid. The effect of pressure ratio (injection to ambient) when the ambient is greater than atmospheric pressure, upon the self-similar collapse has not been well characterized, particularly the effect upon mixing constants, jet spreading rates, and virtual origins. Changes in these self-similar parameters control the reproduction of the scalar mixing statistics. This experiment investigates the steady state mixing of high pressure ethylene jets in a pressurized pure nitrogen environment for various pressure ratios and jet orifice diameters. Quantitative laser Rayleigh scattering imaging was performed utilizing a calibration procedure to account for the pressure effects upon scattering interference within the high-pressure vessel.

X-33 by Lockheed Martin above Earth - Computer Graphic

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1996-01-01

This artist's rendering depicts the NASA/Lockheed Martin X-33 technology demonstrator for a Single-Stage-To-Orbit (SSTO) Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) in orbit over the Earth. NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California., expected to play a key role in the development and flight testing of the X-33. The RLV technology program was a cooperative agreement between NASA and industry. The goal of the RLV technology program was to enable significant reductions in the cost of access to space, and to promote the creation and delivery of new space services and other activities that was to have improved U.S. economic competitiveness. The X-33 was a wedged-shaped subscale technology demonstrator prototype of a potential future Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) that Lockheed Martin had dubbed VentureStar. The company had hoped to develop VentureStar early this century. Through demonstration flight and ground research, NASA's X-33 program was to have provided the information needed for industry representatives such as Lockheed Martin to decide whether to proceed with the development of a full-scale, commercial RLV program. A full-scale, single-stage-to-orbit RLV was to have dramatically increased reliability and lowered the costs of putting a pound of payload into space, from the current figure of $10,000 to $1,000. Reducing the cost associated with transporting payloads in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) by using a commercial RLV was to have created new opportunities for space access and significantly improved U.S. economic competitiveness in the world-wide launch marketplace. NASA expected to be a customer, not the operator, of the commercial RLV. The X-33 design was based on a lifting body shape with two revolutionary 'linear aerospike' rocket engines and a rugged metallic thermal protection system. The vehicle also had lightweight components and fuel tanks built to conform to the vehicle's outer shape. Time between X-33 flights was normally to have been seven days, but the

Characteristics of low-and high-fat beef patties: effect of high hydrostatic pressure.

PubMed

Carballo, J; Fernandez, P; Carrascosa, A V; Solas, M T; Colmenero, F J

1997-01-01

The purpose of this study was to analyze the consequences of applying high pressures (100 and 300 MPa for 5 or 20 min) on characteristics such as water- and fat-binding properties, texture, color, microstructure, and microbiology of low-fat (9.2%) and high-fat (20.3%) beef patties. In nonpressurized patties, the low-fat product exhibited significantly poorer (P < 0.05) binding properties and higher (P < 0.05) Kramer shear force and Kramer energy than did high-fat patties. Although high pressure did not clearly influence the binding properties of low- and high-fat beef patties, it did produce a rise in the Kramer shear force and energy which were more pronounced at 300 MPa. High pressures altered patty color, the extent of alteration depending on fat content, pressure, and pressurizing time. Pressurizing high- and low-fat beef patties at 300 MPa not only produced a lethal effect (P < 0.05) on microorganisms, but caused sublethal damage as well.

NREL'S Morgan-Smith Honored by Martin Luther King Commission

Science.gov Websites

Morgan-Smith Honored by Martin Luther King Commission For more information contact: Sarah Holmes Barba, 303-275-3023 email: Sarah Barba Golden, Colo., Jan. 9, 2001 - Syl Morgan-Smith, Colorado . 10 at 6 p.m. The event will honor the life and work of King and the eight 2001 awardees. Morgan-Smith

Martin Gardner: 100 Years of the Magic of Physics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gillaspy, John D.

2014-01-01

2014 marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of Martin Gardner, a man whose writings helped inspire generations of young students to pursue a career in physics and mathematics. From his first to his last, and many in between, Gardner's publications often combined magic and science. A recurring theme was the clever use of physical principles…

High-pressure, High-temperature Deformation Experiment Using the New Generation Griggs-type Apparatus

PubMed Central

Précigout, Jacques; Stünitz, Holger; Pinquier, Yves; Champallier, Rémi; Schubnel, Alexandre

2018-01-01

In order to address geological processes at great depths, rock deformation should ideally be tested at high pressure (> 0.5 GPa) and high temperature (> 300 °C). However, because of the low stress resolution of current solid-pressure-medium apparatuses, high-resolution measurements are today restricted to low-pressure deformation experiments in the gas-pressure-medium apparatus. A new generation of solid-medium piston-cylinder ("Griggs-type") apparatus is here described. Able to perform high-pressure deformation experiments up to 5 GPa and designed to adapt an internal load cell, such a new apparatus offers the potential to establish a technological basis for high-pressure rheology. This paper provides video-based detailed documentation of the procedure (using the "conventional" solid-salt assembly) to perform high-pressure, high-temperature experiments with the newly designed Griggs-type apparatus. A representative result of a Carrara marble sample deformed at 700 °C, 1.5 GPa and 10-5 s-1 with the new press is also given. The related stress-time curve illustrates all steps of a Griggs-type experiment, from increasing pressure and temperature to sample quenching when deformation is stopped. Together with future developments, the critical steps and limitations of the Griggs apparatus are then discussed. PMID:29683444

Rheological assessment of nanofluids at high pressure high temperature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kanjirakat, Anoop; Sadr, Reza

2013-11-01

High pressure high temperature (HPHT) fluids are commonly encountered in industry, for example in cooling and/or lubrications applications. Nanofluids, engineered suspensions of nano-sized particles dispersed in a base fluid, have shown prospective as industrial cooling fluids due to their enhanced rheological and heat transfer properties. Nanofluids can be potentially utilized in oil industry for drilling fluids and for high pressure water jet cooling/lubrication in machining. In present work rheological characteristics of oil based nanofluids are investigated at HPHT condition. Nanofluids used in this study are prepared by dispersing commercially available SiO2 nanoparticles (~20 nm) in a mineral oil. The basefluid and nanofluids with two concentrations, namely 1%, and 2%, by volume, are considered in this investigation. The rheological characteristics of base fluid and the nanofluids are measured using an industrial HPHT viscometer. Viscosity values of the nanofluids are measured at pressures of 100 kPa to 42 MPa and temperatures ranging from 25°C to 140°C. The viscosity values of both nanofluids as well as basefluid are observed to have increased with the increase in pressure. Funded by Qatar National Research Fund (NPRP 08-574-2-239).

Experimental investigation on pressurization performance of cryogenic tank during high-temperature helium pressurization process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lei, Wang; Yanzhong, Li; Yonghua, Jin; Yuan, Ma

2015-03-01

Sufficient knowledge of thermal performance and pressurization behaviors in cryogenic tanks during rocket launching period is of importance to the design and optimization of a pressurization system. In this paper, ground experiments with liquid oxygen (LO2) as the cryogenic propellant, high-temperature helium exceeding 600 K as the pressurant gas, and radial diffuser and anti-cone diffuser respectively at the tank inlet were performed. The pressurant gas requirements, axial and radial temperature distributions, and energy distributions inside the propellant tank were obtained and analyzed to evaluate the comprehensive performance of the pressurization system. It was found that the pressurization system with high-temperature helium as the pressurant gas could work well that the tank pressure was controlled within a specified range and a stable discharging liquid rate was achieved. For the radial diffuser case, the injected gas had a direct impact on the tank inner wall. The severe gas-wall heat transfer resulted in about 59% of the total input energy absorbed by the tank wall. For the pressurization case with anti-cone diffuser, the direct impact of high-temperature gas flowing toward the liquid surface resulted in a greater deal of energy transferred to the liquid propellant, and the percentage even reached up to 38%. Moreover, both of the two cases showed that the proportion of energy left in ullage to the total input energy was quite small, and the percentage was only about 22-24%. This may indicate that a more efficient diffuser should be developed to improve the pressurization effect. Generally, the present experimental results are beneficial to the design and optimization of the pressurization system with high-temperature gas supplying the pressurization effect.

High-pressure crystallography of periodic and aperiodic crystals

PubMed Central

Hejny, Clivia; Minkov, Vasily S.

2015-01-01

More than five decades have passed since the first single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments at high pressure were performed. These studies were applied historically to geochemical processes occurring in the Earth and other planets, but high-pressure crystallography has spread across different fields of science including chemistry, physics, biology, materials science and pharmacy. With each passing year, high-pressure studies have become more precise and comprehensive because of the development of instrumentation and software, and the systems investigated have also become more complicated. Starting with crystals of simple minerals and inorganic compounds, the interests of researchers have shifted to complicated metal–organic frameworks, aperiodic crystals and quasicrystals, molecular crystals, and even proteins and viruses. Inspired by contributions to the microsymposium ‘High-Pressure Crystallography of Periodic and Aperiodic Crystals’ presented at the 23rd IUCr Congress and General Assembly, the authors have tried to summarize certain recent results of single-crystal studies of molecular and aperiodic structures under high pressure. While the selected contributions do not cover the whole spectrum of high-pressure research, they demonstrate the broad diversity of novel and fascinating results and may awaken the reader’s interest in this topic. PMID:25866659

A reactor for high-throughput high-pressure nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Beach, N. J.; Knapp, S. M. M.; Landis, C. R., E-mail: landis@chem.wisc.edu

The design of a reactor for operando nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) monitoring of high-pressure gas-liquid reactions is described. The Wisconsin High Pressure NMR Reactor (WiHP-NMRR) design comprises four modules: a sapphire NMR tube with titanium tube holder rated for pressures as high as 1000 psig (68 atm) and temperatures ranging from −90 to 90 °C, a gas circulation system that maintains equilibrium concentrations of dissolved gases during gas-consuming or gas-releasing reactions, a liquid injection apparatus that is capable of adding measured amounts of solutions to the reactor under high pressure conditions, and a rapid wash system that enables the reactor tomore » be cleaned without removal from the NMR instrument. The WiHP-NMRR is compatible with commercial 10 mm NMR probes. Reactions performed in the WiHP-NMRR yield high quality, information-rich, and multinuclear NMR data over the entire reaction time course with rapid experimental turnaround.« less

Community control of health services. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Health Center's community management system.

PubMed

Tichy, N M; Taylor, J I

1976-01-01

This article presents the case of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Health Center's unique community management system in which neighborhood workers have been developed to assume managerial responsibilities and are directing the Center. The Martin Luther King Center experience is instructive because the Center was able to achieve significant community control by focusing primarily on the internal dimension of control, namely, management, without experiencing destructive conflicts and the deterioration of health services.

A new thermal vacuum facility at the Martin Marietta Waterton plant

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Watson, Robert N.; Bonn, John W.

1992-01-01

A new thermal-vacuum facility has been recently completed at the Martin Marietta Waterton plant near Denver, Colorado. The facility was designed, fabricated, installed, and tested as a turn-key project by Pitt-Des Moines Inc. and CVI Inc. The chamber has a 5.49 M by 6.10 M (18 ft by 20 ft) flat floor and a half-cylindrical roof with a diameter of 5.49 M (18 ft). Both ends of the chamber have full cross section doors, with one equipped with translating motors for horizontal motion. The chamber is provided with four 0.91 M (36 inches) cryopumps to obtain an ultimate pressure of 9 x 10(exp -8) Torr (Clean-Dry-Empty). The thermal shroud is designed to operate at a maximum of -179 C (-290 F) with an internal heat input of 316 MJ/Hr (300,000 BTU/Hr) using liquid nitrogen. The shroud is also designed to operate at any temperature between -156 C (-250 F) and 121 C (+250 F) using gaseous nitrogen, and heat or cool at a rate of 1.1 C (2 F) per minute.

New developments in high pressure x-ray spectroscopy beamline at High Pressure Collaborative Access Team

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xiao, Y. M., E-mail: yxiao@carnegiescience.edu; Chow, P.; Boman, G.

The 16 ID-D (Insertion Device - D station) beamline of the High Pressure Collaborative Access Team at the Advanced Photon Source is dedicated to high pressure research using X-ray spectroscopy techniques typically integrated with diamond anvil cells. The beamline provides X-rays of 4.5-37 keV, and current available techniques include X-ray emission spectroscopy, inelastic X-ray scattering, and nuclear resonant scattering. The recent developments include a canted undulator upgrade, 17-element analyzer array for inelastic X-ray scattering, and an emission spectrometer using a polycapillary half-lens. Recent development projects and future prospects are also discussed.

10 Ways to Control High Blood Pressure without Medication

MedlinePlus

10 ways to control high blood pressure without medication By making these 10 lifestyle changes, you can lower your blood pressure and reduce ... treating your high blood pressure. If you successfully control your blood pressure with a healthy lifestyle, you ...

High-pressure mechanical instability in rocks

USGS Publications Warehouse

Byerlee, J.D.; Brace, W.F.

1969-01-01

At a confining pressure of a few kilobars, deformation of many sedimentary rocks, altered mafic rocks, porous volcanic rocks, and sand is ductile, in that instabilities leading to audible elastic shocks are absent. At pressures of 7 to 10 kilobars, however, unstable faulting and stick-slip in certain of these rocks was observed. This high pressure-low temperature instability might be responsible for earthquakes in deeply buried sedimentary or volcanic sequences.

High-pressure mechanical instability in rocks.

PubMed

Byerlee, J D; Brace, W F

1969-05-09

At a confining pressure of a few kilobars, deformation of many sedimentary rocks, altered mafic rocks, porous volcanic rocks, and sand is ductile, in that instabilities leading to audible elastic shocks are absent. At pressures of 7 to 10 kilobars, however, unstable faulting and stick-slip in certain of these rocks was observed. This high pressure-low temperature instability might be responsible for earthquakes in deeply buried sedimentary or volcanic sequences.

High-pressure portable pneumatic drive unit.

PubMed

Hete, B F; Savage, M; Batur, C; Smith, W A; Golding, L A; Nosé, Y

1989-12-01

The left ventricular assist device (LVAD) of the Cleveland Clinic Foundation (CCF) is a single-chamber assist pump, driven by a high-pressure pneumatic cylinder. A low-cost, portable driver that will allow cardiac care patients, with a high-pressure pneumatic ventricle assist, more freedom of movement has been developed. The compact and light-weight configuration can provide periods of 2 h of freedom from a fixed position driver and does not use exotic technology.

Microstructures define melting of molybdenum at high pressures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hrubiak, Rostislav; Meng, Yue; Shen, Guoyin

2017-03-01

High-pressure melting anchors the phase diagram of a material, revealing the effect of pressure on the breakdown of the ordering of atoms in the solid. An important case is molybdenum, which has long been speculated to undergo an exceptionally steep increase in melting temperature when compressed. On the other hand, previous experiments showed nearly constant melting temperature as a function of pressure, in large discrepancy with theoretical expectations. Here we report a high-slope melting curve in molybdenum by synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis of crystalline microstructures, generated by heating and subsequently rapidly quenching samples in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell. Distinct microstructural changes, observed at pressures up to 130 gigapascals, appear exclusively after melting, thus offering a reliable melting criterion. In addition, our study reveals a previously unsuspected transition in molybdenum at high pressure and high temperature, which yields highly textured body-centred cubic nanograins above a transition temperature.

Microstructures define melting of molybdenum at high pressures

PubMed Central

Hrubiak, Rostislav; Meng, Yue; Shen, Guoyin

2017-01-01

High-pressure melting anchors the phase diagram of a material, revealing the effect of pressure on the breakdown of the ordering of atoms in the solid. An important case is molybdenum, which has long been speculated to undergo an exceptionally steep increase in melting temperature when compressed. On the other hand, previous experiments showed nearly constant melting temperature as a function of pressure, in large discrepancy with theoretical expectations. Here we report a high-slope melting curve in molybdenum by synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis of crystalline microstructures, generated by heating and subsequently rapidly quenching samples in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell. Distinct microstructural changes, observed at pressures up to 130 gigapascals, appear exclusively after melting, thus offering a reliable melting criterion. In addition, our study reveals a previously unsuspected transition in molybdenum at high pressure and high temperature, which yields highly textured body-centred cubic nanograins above a transition temperature. PMID:28248309

75 FR 3839 - Martin Luther King, Jr., Federal Holiday, 2010

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-22

... Part III The President Proclamation 8473--Martin Luther King, Jr., Federal Holiday, 2010 Proclamation 8474--Religious Freedom Day, 2010 Notice of January 20, 2010--Continuation of the National... only by the power of his words, which still call on us to perfect those sacred ideals enshrined in our...

Development of a gas-pressurized high-pressure μSR setup at the RIKEN-RAL Muon Facility

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Watanabe, I.; Ishii, Y.; Kawamata, T.; Suzuki, T.; Pratt, F. L.; Done, R.; Chowdhury, M.; Goodway, C.; Dreyer, J.; Smith, C.; Southern, M.

2009-04-01

The development and testing of a gas-pressurized μSR setup for the RIKEN-RAL Muon Facility is reported. In collaboration with the high-pressure group of the ISIS Facility at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, a gas-pressurized setup for a pulsed muon beam at the RIKEN-RAL Muon Facility has been constructed in 2008. The sample is pressurized by helium gas and the designed maximum pressure is 6.4 kbar. The high-pressure cell can be cooled down to 2 K using an existing cryostat. Tests were made injecting the double-pulsed muon beam into a high-purity sample of Sn powder, which confirmed that the maximum pressure achieved at 2 K was close to the designed pressure.

Concentrating Solar Power Projects - Martin Next Generation Solar Energy

Science.gov Websites

solar plant of any kind outside of California. The facility is the first hybrid facility in the world to connect a solar facility to an existing combined-cycle power plant, providing 75 megawatts of solar up to about 200,000 mirrors over about 500 acres at the existing FPL Martin Plant site. Status Date

Microstructural characteristics of Hadfield steel solidified under high pressure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Yuzi; Li, Yanguo; Han, Bo; Zhang, Fucheng; Qian, Lihe

2011-12-01

Samples of Hadfield steel, high manganese austenite steel with 13 wt% manganese and 1.2 wt% carbon, were solidified under a pressure of 6 GPa. The microstructures of the samples were analyzed by metallography and X-ray diffraction. The results indicate that the solidification microstructure of the Hadfield steel was remarkably refined under high pressure. Additionally, the carbide of M23C6 was obtained in the Hadfield steel solidified under high pressure was different from the carbide of M3C obtained by solidification under normal pressure. Furthermore, high pressure promoted the formation of orientational solidified microstructure of the Hadfield steel.

Amorphization of Serpentine at High Pressure and High Temperature

PubMed

Irifune; Kuroda; Funamori; Uchida; Yagi; Inoue; Miyajima

1996-06-07

Pressure-induced amorphization of serpentine was observed at temperatures of 200° to 300°C and pressures of 14 to 27 gigapascals with a combination of a multianvil apparatus and synchrotron radiation. High-pressure phases then crystallized rapidly when the temperature was increased to 400°C. These results suggest that amorphization of serpentine is an unlikely mechanism for generating deep-focus earthquakes, as the temperatures of subducting slabs are significantly higher than those of the rapid crystallization regime.

High pressure processing of fresh seafoods.

PubMed

Simpson, B K

1998-01-01

Crude proteolytic enzyme extracts were prepared from the muscle tissues of two fish species, bluefish and sheephead, and subjected to high hydrostatic pressure treatments (from 1,000-3,000 atm), and monitored for residual activity for cathepsin C, collagenase, chymotrypsin-like and trypsin-like enzymes versus homologous enzymes from bovine. The fish enzymes were more sensitive to hydrostatic pressure than the mammalian enzymes. The extent of enzyme inactivation achieved depended on both the amount of pressure applied, the duration of pressurization, and on the source material. Pressure treatment of fresh fish flesh formed products whose color deteriorated (cooked appearance) with increasing pressure as well as holding time. Application of pressure also improved tissue firmness or strength of fresh fish up to 2,000 atm and a holding time of 10 min, beyond which texture generally deteriorated. The combined use of pressure in combination with the broad spectrum protease inhibitor, alpha 2-macroglobulin, enhanced the capacity of the hydrostatic pressure technology to achieve a more lasting inactivation of endogenous enzymes to form stable fish gels.

Cryogenic Transport of High-Pressure-System Recharge Gas

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ungar, Eugene K,; Ruemmele, Warren P.; Bohannon, Carl

2010-01-01

A method of relatively safe, compact, efficient recharging of a high-pressure room-temperature gas supply has been proposed. In this method, the gas would be liquefied at the source for transport as a cryogenic fluid at or slightly above atmospheric pressure. Upon reaching the destination, a simple heating/expansion process would be used to (1) convert the transported cryogenic fluid to the room-temperature, high-pressure gaseous form in which it is intended to be utilized and (2) transfer the resulting gas to the storage tank of the system to be recharged. In conventional practice for recharging high-pressure-gas systems, gases are transported at room temperature in high-pressure tanks. For recharging a given system to a specified pressure, a transport tank must contain the recharge gas at a much higher pressure. At the destination, the transport tank is connected to the system storage tank to be recharged, and the pressures in the transport tank and the system storage tank are allowed to equalize. One major disadvantage of the conventional approach is that the high transport pressure poses a hazard. Another disadvantage is the waste of a significant amount of recharge gas. Because the transport tank is disconnected from the system storage tank when it is at the specified system recharge pressure, the transport tank still contains a significant amount of recharge gas (typically on the order of half of the amount transported) that cannot be used. In the proposed method, the cryogenic fluid would be transported in a suitably thermally insulated tank that would be capable of withstanding the recharge pressure of the destination tank. The tank would be equipped with quick-disconnect fluid-transfer fittings and with a low-power electric heater (which would not be used during transport). In preparation for transport, a relief valve would be attached via one of the quick-disconnect fittings (see figure). During transport, the interior of the tank would be kept at a near

Energetic metastable high-pressure phases of CO

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barbee, Troy W., III

1996-03-01

First-row elements present some of the best possibilities for storing chemical energy in metastable structures because of their strong bonding and light mass. Recent calculations have predicted(Mailhiot, Yang, and McMahan, Phys. Rev. B 46), 14419 (1992). that under pressure, molecular nitrogen should undergo a transition to a polymeric structure which should be metastable and energetic at ambient pressure. Because carbon monoxide is isoelectronic to N_2, the phase diagram of CO is quite similar to that of nitrogen. Observations of chemical reactions in solid CO under pressure have been made,(Katz, Schiferl, and Mills, J. Phys. Chem. 88), 3176 (1984). and the products (C_3O_2) have been recovered at ambient pressure. I will present calculations of the high-pressure stability and metastability for several candidate structures for CO at high pressure, as well as the energy stored in the metastable C_3O2 at ambient pressure. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. DOE by LLNL under contract No. W--7405--ENG--48.

Combustion of liquid sprays at high pressures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shearer, A. J.; Faeth, G. M.

1977-01-01

The combustion of pressure atomized fuel sprays in high pressure stagnant air was studied. Measurements were made of flame and spray boundaries at pressures in the range 0.1-9 MPa for methanol and n-pentane. At the higher test pressure levels, critical phenomena are important. The experiments are compared with theoretical predictions based on a locally homogeneous two-phase flow model. The theory correctly predicted the trends of the data, but underestimates flame and spray boundaries by 30-50 percent, indicating that slip is still important for the present experiments (Sauter mean diameters of 30 microns at atmospheric pressure under cold flow conditions). Since the sprays are shorter at high pressures, slip effects are still important even though the density ratio of the phases approach one another as the droplets heat up. The model indicates the presence of a region where condensed water is present within the spray and provides a convenient means of treating supercritical phenomena.

A Call for Mathematics Education Colleagues and Stakeholders to Collaboratively Engage with NCTM: In Response to Martin's Commentary

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Briars, Diane J.; Larson, Matt; Strutchens, Marilyn E.; Barnes, David

2015-01-01

In his commentary "The Collective Black and 'Principles to Actions,'" Martin (2015) offers a thought-provoking critique of "Principles to Actions: Ensuring Mathematical Success for All" (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics [NCTM], 2014). Martin (2015) states that the mathematics education community, in general, and the…

Structure and stability of hydrous minerals at high pressure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Duffy, T. S.; Fei, Y.; Meade, C.; Hemley, R. J.; Mao, H. K.

1994-01-01

The presence of even small amounts of hydrogen in the Earth's deep interior may have profound effects on mantle melting, rheology, and electrical conductivity. The recent discovery of a large class of high-pressure H-bearing silicates further underscores the potentially important role for hydrous minerals in the Earth's mantle. Hydrogen may also be a significant component of the Earth's core, as has been recently documented by studies of iron hydride at high pressure. In this study, we explore the role of H in crystal structures at high pressure through detailed Raman spectroscopic and x ray diffraction studies of hydrous minerals compressed in diamond anvil cells. Brucite, Mg(OH)2, has a simple structure and serves as an analogue for the more complex hydrous silicates. Over the past five years, this material has been studied at high pressure using shock-compression, powder x ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and neutron diffraction. In addition, we have recently carried out single-crystal synchrotron x-ray diffraction on Mg(OH)2 and Raman spectroscopy on Mg(OD)2 at elevated pressure. From all these studies, an interesting picture of the crystal chemical behavior of this material at high pressure is beginning to emerge. Some of the primary conclusions are as follows: First, hydrogen bonding is enhanced by the application of pressure. Second, layered minerals which are elastically anisotropic at low pressure may not be so at high pressure. Furthermore, the brucite data place constraints on the effect of hydrogen on seismic velocities and density at very high pressure. Third, the stability of hydrous minerals may be enhanced at high P by subtle structural rearrangements that are difficult to detect using traditional probes and require detailed spectroscopic analyses. Finally, brucite appears to be unique in that it undergoes pressure-induced disordering that is confined solely to the H-containing layers of the structure.

Curved and conformal high-pressure vessel

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Croteau, Paul F.; Kuczek, Andrzej E.; Zhao, Wenping

A high-pressure vessel is provided. The high-pressure vessel may comprise a first chamber defined at least partially by a first wall, and a second chamber defined at least partially by the first wall. The first chamber and the second chamber may form a curved contour of the high-pressure vessel. A modular tank assembly is also provided, and may comprise a first mid tube having a convex geometry. The first mid tube may be defined by a first inner wall, a curved wall extending from the first inner wall, and a second inner wall extending from the curved wall. The firstmore » inner wall may be disposed at an angle relative to the second inner wall. The first mid tube may further be defined by a short curved wall opposite the curved wall and extending from the second inner wall to the first inner wall.« less

High-Pressure High-Temperature Phase Diagram of the Organic Crystal Paracetamol

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smith, Spencer; Montgomery, Jeffrey; Vohra, Yogesh

High-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) Raman spectroscopy studies have been performed on the organic crystal paracetamol in a diamond anvil cell utilizing boron-doped diamond as heating anvil. The HPHT data obtained from boron-doped diamond heater is cross-checked with data obtained using a standard block heater diamond anvil cell. Isobaric measurements were conducted at pressures up to 8.5 GPa and temperature up to 520 K in a number of different experiments. Solid state phase transitions from monoclinic Form I --> orthorhombic Form II were observed at various pressures and temperatures as well as transitions from Form II --> unknown Form IV. The melting temperature for paracetamol was observed to increase with increasing pressures to 8.5 GPa. Our previous angle dispersive x-ray diffraction studies at the Advanced Photon Source has confirmed the existence of two unknown crystal structures Form IV and Form V of paracetamol at high pressure and ambient temperature. The phase transformation from Form II to Form IV occurs at ~8.5 GPa and from Form IV to Form V occurs at ~11 GPa at ambient temperature. Our new data is combined with the previous ambient temperature high-pressure Raman and X- ray diffraction data to create the first HPHT phase diagram of paracetamol. Doe-NNSA Carnegie DOE Alliance Center (CDAC) under Grant Number DE-NA0002006.

High-pressure behavior of CaMo O4

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Panchal, V.; Garg, N.; Poswal, H. K.; Errandonea, D.; Rodríguez-Hernández, P.; Muñoz, A.; Cavalli, E.

2017-09-01

We report a high-pressure study of tetragonal scheelite-type CaMo O4 up to 29 GPa. In order to characterize its high-pressure behavior, we have combined Raman and optical-absorption measurements with density functional theory calculations. We have found evidence of a pressure-induced phase transition near 15 GPa. Experiments and calculations agree in assigning the high-pressure phase to a monoclinic fergusonite-type structure. The reported results are consistent with previous powder x-ray-diffraction experiments, but are in contradiction with the conclusions obtained from earlier Raman measurements, which support the existence of more than one phase transition in the pressure range covered by our studies. The observed scheelite-fergusonite transition induces significant changes in the electronic band gap and phonon spectrum of CaMo O4 . We have determined the pressure evolution of the band gap for the low- and high-pressure phases as well as the frequencies and pressure dependencies of the Raman-active and infrared-active modes. In addition, based on calculations of the phonon dispersion of the scheelite phase, carried out at a pressure higher than the transition pressure, we propose a possible mechanism for the reported phase transition. Furthermore, from the calculations we determined the pressure dependence of the unit-cell parameters and atomic positions of the different phases and their room-temperature equations of state. These results are compared with previous experiments showing a very good agreement. Finally, information on bond compressibility is reported and correlated with the macroscopic compressibility of CaMo O4 . The reported results are of interest for the many technological applications of this oxide.

The body in Martin Amis’s Experience (2000)

PubMed Central

Vickers, Neil

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the presentation of the body in Martin Amis’s memoir Experience (2000) and compares Amis’s account of the growth of his mind and body with ideas put forward by writers in the phenomenological and psychoanalytic traditions. Using the ideas of body schema, projective identification and idea of safety, it advances a new conceptual framework for the thinking about the contribution that the body makes to selfhood in autobiography. PMID:29375270

A high-temperature wideband pressure transducer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zuckerwar, A. J.

1975-01-01

Progress in the development of a pressure transducer for measurement of the pressure fluctuations in the high temperature environment of a jet exhaust is reported. A condenser microphone carrier system was adapted to meet the specifications. A theoretical analysis is presented which describes the operation of the condenser microphone in terms of geometry, materials, and other physical properties. The analysis was used as the basis for design of a prototype high temperature microphone. The feasibility of connecting the microphone to a converter over a high temperature cable operating as a half-wavelength transmission line was also examined.

Miniature microwave plasmas generated in high pressure argon

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Inoue, Kenichi; Stauss, Sven; Kim, Jaeho; Ito, Tsuyohito; Terashima, Kazuo

2018-05-01

Miniature microwave plasmas with diameters of approximately 1 mm were generated in high-pressure argon (0.1–5.0 MPa) using a microgap electrode. The microwave power required to sustain plasmas was 1–10 W, depending on the pressure. Strong electron-neutral bremsstrahlung emission, indicating an electron temperature of approximately 12000 K, was observed at high pressures (>1 MPa), and electron densities estimated from Stark broadening revealed high values on the order of 1023 m‑3. The analysis confirmed that the coefficient for the pressure shift of the Ar I line at 696.5 nm reported by Copley and Camm can be extended to 5 MPa.

Pressure sensor for high-temperature liquids

DOEpatents

Forster, George A.

1978-01-01

A pressure sensor for use in measuring pressures in liquid at high temperatures, especially such as liquid sodium or liquid potassium, comprises a soft diaphragm in contact with the liquid. The soft diaphragm is coupled mechanically to a stiff diaphragm. Pressure is measured by measuring the displacment of both diaphragms, typically by measuring the capacitance between the stiff diaphragm and a fixed plate when the stiff diaphragm is deflected in response to the measured pressure through mechanical coupling from the soft diaphragm. Absolute calibration is achieved by admitting gas under pressure to the region between diaphragms and to the region between the stiff diaphragm and the fixed plate, breaking the coupling between the soft and stiff diaphragms. The apparatus can be calibrated rapidly and absolutely.

High-pressure oxidation of ethane

DOE PAGES

Hashemi, Hamid; Jacobsen, Jon G.; Rasmussen, Christian T.; ...

2017-05-02

Here, ethane oxidation at intermediate temperatures and high pressures has been investigated in both a laminar flow reactor and a rapid compression machine (RCM). The flow-reactor measurements at 600–900 K and 20–100 bar showed an onset temperature for oxidation of ethane between 700 and 825 K, depending on pressure, stoichiometry, and residence time. Measured ignition delay times in the RCM at pressures of 10–80 bar and temperatures of 900–1025 K decreased with increasing pressure and/or temperature. A detailed chemical kinetic model was developed with particular attention to the peroxide chemistry. Rate constants for reactions on the C 2H 5O 2more » potential energy surface were adopted from the recent theoretical work of Klippenstein. In the present work, the internal H-abstraction in CH 3CH 2OO to form CH 2CH 2OOH was treated in detail. Modeling predictions were in good agreement with data from the present work as well as results at elevated pressure from literature. The experimental results and the modeling predictions do not support occurrence of NTC behavior in ethane oxidation. Even at the high-pressure conditions of the present work where the C 2H 5 + O 2 reaction yields ethylperoxyl rather than C 2H 4 + HO 2, the chain branching sequence CH 3CH 2OO → CH 2CH 2OOH → +O2 OOCH 2CH 2OOH → branching is not competitive, because the internal H-atom transfer in CH 3CH 2OO to CH 2CH 2OOH is too slow compared to thermal dissociation to C 2H 4 and HO 2.« less

Quenching ilmenite with a high-temperature and high-pressure phase using super-high-energy ball milling.

PubMed

Hashishin, Takeshi; Tan, Zhenquan; Yamamoto, Kazuhiro; Qiu, Nan; Kim, Jungeum; Numako, Chiya; Naka, Takashi; Valmalette, Jean Christophe; Ohara, Satoshi

2014-04-25

The mass production of highly dense oxides with high-temperature and high-pressure phases allows us to discover functional properties that have never been developed. To date, the quenching of highly dense materials at the gramme-level at ambient atmosphere has never been achieved. Here, we provide evidence of the formation of orthorhombic Fe2TiO4 from trigonal FeTiO3 as a result of the high-temperature (>1250 K) and high-pressure (>23 GPa) condition induced by the high collision energy of 150 gravity generated between steel balls. Ilmenite was steeply quenched by the surrounding atmosphere, when iron-rich ilmenite (Fe2TiO4) with a high-temperature and high-pressure phase was formed by planetary collisions and was released from the collision points between the balls. Our finding allows us to infer that such intense planetary collisions induced by high-energy ball milling contribute to the mass production of a high-temperature and high-pressure phase.

Quenching ilmenite with a high-temperature and high-pressure phase using super-high-energy ball milling

PubMed Central

Hashishin, Takeshi; Tan, Zhenquan; Yamamoto, Kazuhiro; Qiu, Nan; Kim, Jungeum; Numako, Chiya; Naka, Takashi; Valmalette, Jean Christophe; Ohara, Satoshi

2014-01-01

The mass production of highly dense oxides with high-temperature and high-pressure phases allows us to discover functional properties that have never been developed. To date, the quenching of highly dense materials at the gramme-level at ambient atmosphere has never been achieved. Here, we provide evidence of the formation of orthorhombic Fe2TiO4 from trigonal FeTiO3 as a result of the high-temperature (>1250 K) and high-pressure (>23 GPa) condition induced by the high collision energy of 150 gravity generated between steel balls. Ilmenite was steeply quenched by the surrounding atmosphere, when iron-rich ilmenite (Fe2TiO4) with a high-temperature and high-pressure phase was formed by planetary collisions and was released from the collision points between the balls. Our finding allows us to infer that such intense planetary collisions induced by high-energy ball milling contribute to the mass production of a high-temperature and high-pressure phase. PMID:24763088

Efficient High-Pressure State Equations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harstad, Kenneth G.; Miller, Richard S.; Bellan, Josette

1997-01-01

A method is presented for a relatively accurate, noniterative, computationally efficient calculation of high-pressure fluid-mixture equations of state, especially targeted to gas turbines and rocket engines. Pressures above I bar and temperatures above 100 K are addressed The method is based on curve fitting an effective reference state relative to departure functions formed using the Peng-Robinson cubic state equation Fit parameters for H2, O2, N2, propane, methane, n-heptane, and methanol are given.

Decomposition of silicon carbide at high pressures and temperatures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Daviau, Kierstin; Lee, Kanani K. M.

We measure the onset of decomposition of silicon carbide, SiC, to silicon and carbon (e.g., diamond) at high pressures and high temperatures in a laser-heated diamond-anvil cell. We identify decomposition through x-ray diffraction and multiwavelength imaging radiometry coupled with electron microscopy analyses on quenched samples. We find that B3 SiC (also known as 3C or zinc blende SiC) decomposes at high pressures and high temperatures, following a phase boundary with a negative slope. The high-pressure decomposition temperatures measured are considerably lower than those at ambient, with our measurements indicating that SiC begins to decompose at ~ 2000 K at 60more » GPa as compared to ~ 2800 K at ambient pressure. Once B3 SiC transitions to the high-pressure B1 (rocksalt) structure, we no longer observe decomposition, despite heating to temperatures in excess of ~ 3200 K. The temperature of decomposition and the nature of the decomposition phase boundary appear to be strongly influenced by the pressure-induced phase transitions to higher-density structures in SiC, silicon, and carbon. The decomposition of SiC at high pressure and temperature has implications for the stability of naturally forming moissanite on Earth and in carbon-rich exoplanets.« less

Stress and High Blood Pressure: What's the Connection?

MedlinePlus

Stress and high blood pressure: What's the connection? Stress and long-term high blood pressure may not be linked, but taking steps to reduce your stress can improve your general health, including your blood ...

High blood pressure - what to ask your doctor

MedlinePlus

What to ask your doctor about high blood pressure; Hypertension - what to ask your doctor ... problems? What medicines am I taking to treat high blood pressure? Do they have any side effects? What should ...

Reversible stalling of transcription elongation complexes by high pressure.

PubMed

Erijman, L; Clegg, R M

1998-07-01

We have investigated the effect of high hydrostatic pressure on the stability of RNA polymerase molecules during transcription. RNA polymerase molecules participating in stalled or active ternary transcribing complexes do not dissociate from the template DNA and nascent RNA at pressures up to 180 MPa. A lower limit for the free energy of stabilization of an elongating ternary complex relative to the quaternary structure of the free RNAP molecules is estimated to be 20 kcal/mol. The rate of elongation decreases at high pressure; transcription completely halts at sufficiently high pressure. The overall rate of elongation has an apparent activation volume (DeltaVdouble dagger) of 55-65 ml . mol-1 (at 35 degrees C). The pressure-stalled transcripts are stable and resume elongation at the prepressure rate upon decompression. The efficiency of termination decreases at the rho-independent terminator tR2 after the transcription reaction has been exposed to high pressure. This suggests that high pressure modifies the ternary complex such that termination is affected in a manner different from that of elongation. The solvent and temperature dependence of the pressure-induced inhibition show evidence for major conformational changes in the core polymerase enzyme during RNA synthesis. It is proposed that the inhibition of the elongation phase of the transcription reaction at elevated pressures is related to a reduction of the partial specific volume of the RNA polymerase molecule; under high pressure, the RNA polymerase molecule does not have the necessary structural flexibility required for the protein to translocate.

Effect of high pressure on physicochemical properties of meat.

PubMed

Buckow, Roman; Sikes, Anita; Tume, Ron

2013-01-01

The application of high pressure offers some interesting opportunities in the processing of muscle-based food products. It is well known that high-pressure processing can prolong the shelf life of meat products in addition to chilling but the pressure-labile nature of protein systems limits the commercial range of applications. High pressure can affect the texture and gel-forming properties of myofibrillar proteins and, hence, has been suggested as a physical and additive-free alternative to tenderize and soften or restructure meat and fish products. However, the rate and magnitude at which pressure and temperature effects take place in muscles are variable and depend on a number of circumstances and conditions that are still not precisely known. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the effects of high pressure on muscle tissue over a range of temperatures as it relates to meat texture, microstructure, color, enzymes, lipid oxidation, and pressure-induced gelation of myofibrillar proteins.

High-pressure needle interface for thermoplastic microfluidics.

PubMed

Chen, C F; Liu, J; Hromada, L P; Tsao, C W; Chang, C C; DeVoe, D L

2009-01-07

A robust and low dead volume world-to-chip interface for thermoplastic microfluidics has been developed. The high pressure fluidic port employs a stainless steel needle inserted into a mating hole aligned to an embedded microchannel, with an interference fit used to increase pressure resistance. Alternately, a self-tapping threaded needle screwed into a mating hole is also demonstrated. In both cases, the flat bottom needle ports seat directly against the microchannel substrate, ensuring low interfacial dead volumes. Low dispersion is observed for dye bands passing the interfaces. The needle ports offer sufficient pull-out forces for applications such as liquid chromatography that require high internal fluid pressures, with the epoxy-free interfaces compatible with internal microchannel pressures above 40 MPa.

High-Pressure Design of Advanced BN-Based Materials.

PubMed

Kurakevych, Oleksandr O; Solozhenko, Vladimir L

2016-10-20

The aim of the present review is to highlight the state of the art in high-pressure design of new advanced materials based on boron nitride. Recent experimental achievements on the governing phase transformation, nanostructuring and chemical synthesis in the systems containing boron nitride at high pressures and high temperatures are presented. All these developments allowed discovering new materials, e.g., ultrahard nanocrystalline cubic boron nitride (nano-cBN) with hardness comparable to diamond, and superhard boron subnitride B 13 N₂. Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of high-pressure synthesis are described based on the data obtained by in situ and ex situ methods. Mechanical and thermal properties (hardness, thermoelastic equations of state, etc.) are discussed. New synthetic perspectives, combining both soft chemistry and extreme pressure-temperature conditions are considered.

High pressure study of acetophenone azine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tang, X. D.; Ding, Z. J.; Zhang, Z. M.

2009-02-01

High pressure Raman spectra of acetophenone azine (APA) have been measured up to 17.7 GPa with a diamond anvil cell. Two crystalline-to-crystalline phase transformations are found at pressures about 3.6 and 5.8 GPa. A disappearance of external modes and the C-H vibration at pressures higher than 8.7 GPa suggests that the sample undergoes a phase transition to amorphous or orientationally disordered (plastic) state, and the amorphization was completed at about 12.1 GPa. The disordered state is unstable and, then, a polymerization transformation reaction occurs with a further pressure increase. After the pressure has been released, the polymerization state can remain at the ambient condition, indicating that the virgin crystalline state is not recovered. The results show that the phenomenon underlying the pressure induced phase transition of APA may involve profound changes in the coordination environments of the symmetric aromatic azine.

VentureStar by Lockheed Martin Releasing Satellite - Computer Graphic

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1996-01-01

This is an artist's conception of the NASA/Lockheed Martin Single-Stage-To-Orbit (SSTO) Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) releasing a satellite into orbit around the Earth. NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California, expected to play a key role in the development and flight testing of the X-33, which was a technology demonstrator vehicle for a possible RLV. The RLV technology program was a cooperative agreement between NASA and industry. The goal of the RLV technology program was to enable significant reductions in the cost of access to space, and to promote the creation and delivery of new space services and other activities that would improve U.S. economic competitiveness. The X-33 was a wedged-shaped subscale technology demonstrator prototype of a potential future Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) that Lockheed Martin had dubbed VentureStar. The company had hoped to develop VentureStar early this century. Through demonstration flight and ground research, NASA's X-33 program was to have provided the information needed for industry representatives such as Lockheed Martin to decide whether to proceed with the development of a full-scale, commercial RLV program. A full-scale, single-stage-to-orbit RLV was to have dramatically increased reliability and lowered the costs of putting a pound of payload into space, from the current figure of $10,000 to $1,000. Reducing the cost associated with transporting payloads in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) by using a commercial RLV was to have created new opportunities for space access and significantly improved U.S. economic competitiveness in the world-wide launch marketplace. NASA expected to be a customer, not the operator, of the commercial RLV. The X-33 design was based on a lifting body shape with two revolutionary 'linear aerospike' rocket engines and a rugged metallic thermal protection system. The vehicle also had lightweight components and fuel tanks built to conform to the vehicle's outer shape. Time between X-33

High pressure generation using scaled-up Kawai-cell

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shatskiy, A.; Katsura, T.; Litasov, K. D.; Shcherbakova, A. V.; Borzdov, Y. M.; Yamazaki, D.; Yoneda, A.; Ohtani, E.; Ito, E.

2011-11-01

A scaled-up version of a 6-8 Kawai-type multianvil apparatus equipped with 47-mm WC anvils has been developed at the Institute for the Study of the Earth's Interior for operation over pressure ranging up to 19 and 24 GPa using the conventional system with larger compressional volumes between 1.2 and 0.4 cm 3, respectively. This system is used under uniaxial compression along cube diagonal of the Kawai-cell up to the press load of 19 MN. Experiments are performed using octahedral pressure media (PM) made of MgO- and ZrO 2-based semi-sintered ceramics and unfired pyrophyllite gaskets. In this study we used "Toshiba-F" grade WC anvils allowing pressure generation up to 24 GPa. We perform pressure calibrations at room and high temperatures, with octahedron/anvil truncation edge-length ratios ( a0/ b, mm) of 12.2/6, 14/6, 14/7, 16/7, 18/7, 18/9, and 18/10. Different configurations show that an increase in edge-length ratio of a0/b permits the achievement of higher pressure, which agrees with the results of Frost at al. (Frost, D.J., Poe, B.T., Tronnes, R.G., Liebske, C., Duba, A., Rubie, D.C., 2004. A new large-volume multianvil system. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 143, 507). However, it also shifts the pressure maximum to higher press loads, in some cases exceeding the capacity of a press. Our and Frost et al. (2004) data reveal that the 14/6, 18/8, and 18/10 assemblies are the most suitable in generating pressures of up to 19-24 GPa at 19 MN press load limits. The assemblies with a low a0/ b ratio have a lower upper pressure limit; however, they exhibit a systematically higher efficiency in pressure generation at low press loads. Consequently, assemblages with high and low a0/ b ratios should be used in high and low pressure experiments, respectively. For example, the 18/12 assembly is suitable for 5-11 GPa pressure range (Stoyanov, E., Haussermann, U., Leinenweber, K., 2010. Large-volume multianvil cells designed for chemical synthesis at high pressures. High Pressure

High Precision Pressure Measurement with a Funnel

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lopez-Arias, T.; Gratton, L. M.; Oss, S.

2008-01-01

A simple experimental device for high precision differential pressure measurements is presented. Its working mechanism recalls that of a hydraulic press, where pressure is supplied by insufflating air under a funnel. As an application, we measure air pressure inside a soap bubble. The soap bubble is inflated and connected to a funnel which is…

Ecological Energetics of an Abundant Aerial Insectivore, the Purple Martin

PubMed Central

Kelly, Jeffrey F.; Bridge, Eli S.; Frick, Winifred F.; Chilson, Phillip B.

2013-01-01

The atmospheric boundary layer and lower free atmosphere, or aerosphere, is increasingly important for human transportation, communication, environmental monitoring, and energy production. The impacts of anthropogenic encroachment into aerial habitats are not well understood. Insectivorous birds and bats are inherently valuable components of biodiversity and play an integral role in aerial trophic dynamics. Many of these insectivores are experiencing range-wide population declines. As a first step toward gaging the potential impacts of these declines on the aerosphere’s trophic system, estimates of the biomass and energy consumed by aerial insectivores are needed. We developed a suite of energetics models for one of the largest and most common avian aerial insectivores in North America, the Purple Martin ( Progne subis ). The base model estimated that Purple Martins consumed 412 (± 104) billion insects*y-1 with a biomass of 115,860 (± 29,192) metric tonnes*y-1. During the breeding season Purple Martins consume 10.3 (+ 3.0) kg of prey biomass per km3 of aerial habitat, equal to about 36,000 individual insects*km-3. Based on these calculations, the cumulative seasonal consumption of insects*km-3 is greater in North America during the breeding season than during other phases of the annual cycle, however the maximum daily insect consumption*km-3 occurs during fall migration. This analysis provides the first range-wide quantitative estimate of the magnitude of the trophic impact of this large and common aerial insectivore. Future studies could use a similar modeling approach to estimate impacts of the entire guild of aerial insectivores at a variety of temporal and spatial scales. These analyses would inform our understanding of the impact of population declines among aerial insectivores on the aerosphere’s trophic dynamics. PMID:24086755

Under pressure: progressively enlarging facial mass following high-pressure paint injection injury.

PubMed

Mushtaq, Jameel; Walker, Abigail; Hunter, Ben

2016-01-19

High-pressure paint injection injuries are relatively rare industrial accidents and almost exclusively occur on the non-dominant hand. A rarely documented complication of these injuries is the formation of a foreign body granuloma. We report a case of a 33-year-old man presenting with extensive facial scarring and progressive right paranasal swelling 7 years after a high-pressure paint injury. After imaging investigations, an excision of the mass and revision of scarring was performed. Access to the mass was gained indirectly through existing scarring over the nose to ensure an aesthetic result. Histological analysis revealed a florid granulomatous foreign body reaction to retained paint. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a facial high-pressure paint injury with consequent formation of a foreign body granuloma. 2016 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.

Research at Very High Pressures and High Temperatures

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bundy, Francis P.

1977-01-01

Reviews research and apparatus utilized in the study of the states and characteristics of materials at very high temperatures and pressures. Includes three examples of the research being conducted. (SL)

Differential high pressure survival in stationary-phase Escherichia coli MG1655

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Griffin, Patrick L.; Kish, Adrienne; Steele, Andrew; Hemley, Russell J.

2011-06-01

Hydrostatic pressure exerts a profound influence on nearly all facets of cellular structure and function with exposures to sufficiently high pressure leading to microbial inactivation. We report the first observation of a persistent, pressure-resistant subpopulation within stationary-phase samples of Escherichia coli MG1655, a mesophilic bacterium adapted to surface pressure. This high pressure-resistant subpopulation exhibits pressure survival ranging from 0.6 to 2.0 orders of magnitude greater survival than high pressure treatments at pressures of 225-400 MPa. We also examine some aspects of pressure treatment protocol that may influence the measurements of high pressure survival.

Churches as High Blood Pressure Control Centers

PubMed Central

Kong, B. Wayne; Miller, Joseph M.; Smoot, Roland T.

1982-01-01

High blood pressure, a severe medical problem in the black community, can be controlled to a significant degree by proper medication. Discovery of hypertension and continuing thereapy, however, are difficult. The establishment of churches as high blood pressure control centers is a promising approach to overcome these deficits. The initial experiences with the creation of such a program are presented.

Recent progress in high pressure metrology in Europe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sabuga, Wladimir; Pražák, Dominik; Rabault, Thierry

2014-08-01

Five European national metrology institutes in collaboration with a university, a research institute and five industrial companies are working on a joint research project within a framework of the European Metrology Research Programme aimed at development of 1.6 GPa primary and 1.5 GPa transfer pressure standards. Two primary pressure standards were realised as pressure-measuring multipliers, each consisting of a low pressure and a high pressure (HP) piston-cylinder assembly (PCA). A special design of the HP PCAs was developed in which a tungsten carbide cylinder is supported by two thermally shrunk steel sleeves and, additionally, by jacket pressure applied to the outside of the outer sleeve. Stress-strain finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to predict behaviour of the multipliers and a pressure generation system. With FEA, the pressure distortion coefficient was determined, taking into account irregularities of the piston-cylinder gap. Transfer pressure standards up to 1.5 GPa are developed on the basis of modern 1.5 GPa pressure transducers. This project shall solve a discrepancy between the growing needs of the industry demanding precise traceable calibrations of the high pressure transducers and the absence of adequate primary standards for pressures higher than 1 GPa in the European Union today.

Strain engineered pyrochlore at high pressure

DOE PAGES

Rittman, Dylan R.; Turner, Katlyn M.; Park, Sulgiye; ...

2017-05-22

Strain engineering is a promising method for next-generation materials processing techniques. Here, we use mechanical milling and annealing followed by compression in diamond anvil cell to tailor the intrinsic and extrinsic strain in pyrochlore, Dy 2Ti 2O 7 and Dy 2Zr 2O 7. Raman spectroscopy, X-ray pair distribution function analysis, and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize atomic order over short-, medium-, and long-range spatial scales, respectively, under ambient conditions. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were further employed to interrogate the material in situ at high pressure. High-pressure behavior is found to depend on the species and concentration of defectsmore » in the sample at ambient conditions. Overall, we show that defects can be engineered to lower the phase transformation onset pressure by ~50% in the ordered pyrochlore Dy 2Ti 2O 7, and lower the phase transformation completion pressure by ~20% in the disordered pyrochlore Dy 2Zr 2O 7. Lastly, these improvements are achieved without significantly sacrificing mechanical integrity, as characterized by bulk modulus.« less

High-pressure water facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2006-01-01

NASA Test Operations Group employees, from left, Todd Pearson, Tim Delcuze and Rodney Wilkinson maintain a water pump in Stennis Space Center's high-pressure water facility. The three were part of a group of employees who rode out Hurricane Katrina at the facility and helped protect NASA's rocket engine test complex.

High-pressure water facility

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-02-15

NASA Test Operations Group employees, from left, Todd Pearson, Tim Delcuze and Rodney Wilkinson maintain a water pump in Stennis Space Center's high-pressure water facility. The three were part of a group of employees who rode out Hurricane Katrina at the facility and helped protect NASA's rocket engine test complex.

In Situ Observation of Gypsum-Anhydrite Transition at High Pressure and High Temperature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Chuan-Jiang; Zheng, Hai-Fei

2012-04-01

An in-situ Raman spectroscopic study of gypsum-anhydrite transition under a saturated water condition at high pressure and high temperature is performed using a hydrothermal diamond anvil cell (HDAC). The experimental results show that gypsum dissolvs in water at ambient temperature and above 496 MPa. With increasing temperature, the anhydrite (CaSO4) phase precipitates at 250-320°C in the pressure range of 1.0-1.5GPa, indicating that under a saturated water condition, both stable conditions of pressure and temperature and high levels of Ca and SO4 ion concentrations in aqueous solution are essential for the formation of anhydrite. A linear relationship between the pressure and temperature for the precipitation of anhydrite is established as P(GPa) = 0.0068T-0.7126 (250°C<=T<=320°C). Anhydrite remained stable during rapid cooling of the sample chamber, showing that the gypsum-anhydrite transition involving both dissolution and precipitation processes is irreversible at high pressure and high temperature.

Cheryl Martin, Keynote - 2013 ARPA-E Energy Innovation Summit

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Martin, Cheryl

The fourth annual ARPA-E Energy Innovation Summit was held in Washington D.C. in February, 2013. The event brought together key players from across the energy ecosystem - researchers, entrepreneurs, investors, corporate executives, and government officials - to share ideas for developing and deploying the next generation of energy technologies. Dr. Cheryl Martin is the Deputy Director of the Advanced Research Projects Agency--Energy (ARPA-E), gave the keynote address.

Cheryl Martin, Keynote - 2013 ARPA-E Energy Innovation Summit

ScienceCinema

Martin, Cheryl

2018-01-25

The fourth annual ARPA-E Energy Innovation Summit was held in Washington D.C. in February, 2013. The event brought together key players from across the energy ecosystem - researchers, entrepreneurs, investors, corporate executives, and government officials - to share ideas for developing and deploying the next generation of energy technologies. Dr. Cheryl Martin is the Deputy Director of the Advanced Research Projects Agency--Energy (ARPA-E), gave the keynote address.

High pressure water jet mining machine

DOEpatents

Barker, Clark R.

1981-05-05

A high pressure water jet mining machine for the longwall mining of coal is described. The machine is generally in the shape of a plowshare and is advanced in the direction in which the coal is cut. The machine has mounted thereon a plurality of nozzle modules each containing a high pressure water jet nozzle disposed to oscillate in a particular plane. The nozzle modules are oriented to cut in vertical and horizontal planes on the leading edge of the machine and the coal so cut is cleaved off by the wedge-shaped body.

Martin Buber's Myth of Zion: National Education or Counter-Education?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Breslauer, S. Daniel

2016-01-01

If national education is, as Ilan Gur-Ze'ev thinks, inevitably a matter of agents for and victims of a national system, only a "counter-education" can correct it. Martin Buber shared many of Gur-Ze'ev's concerns, but advocated a more positive view of national education. This essay examines Buber's development of his pedagogical theory in…

Martin E. P. Seligman: 2006 award for distinguished scientific contributions.

PubMed

2006-11-01

Presents the citation for Martin E. P. Seligman, who received the Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions "for a career spent charging creatively ahead of his field and then pulling his colleagues along." A brief profile and a selected bibliography, as well as the award address, Positive Psychotherapy, accompany the citation. ((c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved).

76 FR 3819 - Martin Luther King, Jr., Federal Holiday, 2011

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-20

... changed the course of history. The Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. devoted his life to the struggle for justice and equality, sowing seeds of hope for a day when all people might claim ``the riches of... celebrate the life and legacy of Dr. King. Dr. King guided us toward a mountaintop on which all Americans...

Sample injector for high pressure liquid chromatography

DOEpatents

Paul, Phillip H.; Arnold, Don W.; Neyer, David W.

2001-01-01

Apparatus and method for driving a sample, having a well-defined volume, under pressure into a chromatography column. A conventional high pressure sampling valve is replaced by a sample injector composed of a pair of injector components connected in series to a common junction. The injector components are containers of porous dielectric material constructed so as to provide for electroosmotic flow of a sample into the junction. At an appropriate time, a pressure pulse from a high pressure source, that can be an electrokinetic pump, connected to the common junction, drives a portion of the sample, whose size is determined by the dead volume of the common junction, into the chromatographic column for subsequent separation and analysis. The apparatus can be fabricated on a substrate for microanalytical applications.

Exotic stable cesium polynitrides at high pressure

DOE PAGES

Peng, Feng; Han, Yunxia; Liu, Hanyu; ...

2015-11-19

New polynitrides containing metastable forms of nitrogen are actively investigated as potential high energy-density materials. Using a structure search method based on the CALYPSO methodology, we investigated the stable stoichiometries and structures of cesium polynitrides at high pressures. Along with the CsN 3, we identified five new stoichiometric compounds (Cs 3N, Cs 2N, CsN, CsN 2, and CsN 5) with interesting structures that may be experimentally synthesizable at modest pressures (i.e., less than 50 GPa). Nitrogen species in the predicted structures have various structural forms ranging from single atom (N) to highly endothermic molecules (N 2, N 3 , Nmore » 4, N 5, N 6) and chains (N ∞). Polymeric chains of nitrogen were found in the high-pressure C2/c phase of CsN 2. This structure contains a substantially high content of single N-N bonds that exceeds the previously known nitrogen chains in pure forms, and also exhibit metastability at ambient conditions. We also identified a very interesting CsN crystal that contains novel N 4 4- anion. In conclusion, to our best knowledge, this is the first time a charged N 4 species being reported. Results of the present study suggest that it is possible to obtain energetic polynitrogens in main-group nitrides under high pressure.« less

Exotic stable cesium polynitrides at high pressure

PubMed Central

Peng, Feng; Han, Yunxia; Liu, Hanyu; Yao, Yansun

2015-01-01

New polynitrides containing metastable forms of nitrogen are actively investigated as potential high-energy-density materials. Using a structure search method based on the CALYPSO methodology, we investigated the stable stoichiometries and structures of cesium polynitrides at high pressures. Along with the CsN3, we identified five new stoichiometric compounds (Cs3N, Cs2N, CsN, CsN2, and CsN5) with interesting structures that may be experimentally synthesizable at modest pressures (i.e., less than 50 GPa). Nitrogen species in the predicted structures have various structural forms ranging from single atom (N) to highly endothermic molecules (N2, N3, N4, N5, N6) and chains (N∞). Polymeric chains of nitrogen were found in the high-pressure C2/c phase of CsN2. This structure contains a substantially high content of single N-N bonds that exceeds the previously known nitrogen chains in pure forms, and also exhibit metastability at ambient conditions. We also identified a very interesting CsN crystal that contains novel N44− anion. To our best knowledge, this is the first time a charged N4 species being reported. Results of the present study suggest that it is possible to obtain energetic polynitrogens in main-group nitrides under high pressure. PMID:26581175

A survey of compatibility of materials with high pressure oxygen service

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hust, J. G.; Clark, A. F.

1972-01-01

The available information on the compatibility of materials with oxygen as applied to the production, transport, and applications experience of high pressure liquid and gaseous oxygen is compiled. High pressure is defined as about 2000 to 3000 psia. Since high pressure projections sometimes can be made from lower pressure data, some low pressure data are also included. Low pressure data are included if they are considered helpful to a better understanding of the behavior at high pressures.

Straight talk with... Martin Stratmann.

PubMed

Stratmann, Martin

2014-07-01

The 83 institutes and research facilities of the Max Planck Society, established in 1948, include some of the world's leading scholars in the life sciences, including 17 Noble Prize winners, and publish 15,000 research papers annually. For the past 18 years, biologists have stood at the helm of the prestigious German organization. But last month, an electrochemist and materials scientist, Martin Stratmann, began a six-year term as president of the Munich-based society.Stratmann, who is 60, served as the director of the Max Planck Institute for Iron Research in Düsseldorf since 2000, where he helped develop self-healing coatings that can protect steels and other metals from rust. Stratmann spoke with David Levine about his vision for the Max Planck Society and about what the change of guard will mean for biomedical research. The conversation has been edited for clarity.

How High Blood Pressure Can Lead to Stroke

MedlinePlus

... Artery Disease Venous Thromboembolism Aortic Aneurysm More How High Blood Pressure Can Lead to Stroke Updated:Jan 29,2018 ... stroke This content was last reviewed October 2016. High Blood Pressure • Home • Get the Facts About HBP • Know Your ...

How Potassium Can Help Control High Blood Pressure

MedlinePlus

... Aortic Aneurysm More How Potassium Can Help Control High Blood Pressure Updated:Jan 29,2018 Understanding the heart-healthy ... tips . This content was last reviewed October 2016. High Blood Pressure • Home • Get the Facts About HBP • Know Your ...

A Manganin Thin Film Ultra-High Pressure Sensor for Microscale Detonation Pressure Measurement

PubMed Central

Zhang, Guodong; Zhao, Yulong; Zhao, Yun; Wang, Xinchen; Ren, Wei; Li, Hui; Zhao, You

2018-01-01

With the development of energetic materials (EMs) and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) initiating explosive devices, the measurement of detonation pressure generated by EMs in the microscale has become a pressing need. This paper develops a manganin thin film ultra-high pressure sensor based on MEMS technology for measuring the output pressure from micro-detonator. A reliable coefficient is proposed for designing the sensor’s sensitive element better. The sensor employs sandwich structure: the substrate uses a 0.5 mm thick alumina ceramic, the manganin sensitive element with a size of 0.2 mm × 0.1 mm × 2 μm and copper electrodes of 2 μm thick are sputtered sequentially on the substrate, and a 25 μm thick insulating layer of polyimide is wrapped on the sensitive element. The static test shows that the piezoresistive coefficient of manganin thin film is 0.0125 GPa−1. The dynamic experiment indicates that the detonation pressure of micro-detonator is 12.66 GPa, and the response time of the sensor is 37 ns. In a word, the sensor developed in this study is suitable for measuring ultra-high pressure in microscale and has a shorter response time than that of foil-like manganin gauges. Simultaneously, this study could be beneficial to research on ultra-high-pressure sensors with smaller size. PMID:29494519

High-pressure synthesis, amorphization, and decomposition of silane.

PubMed

Hanfland, Michael; Proctor, John E; Guillaume, Christophe L; Degtyareva, Olga; Gregoryanz, Eugene

2011-03-04

By compressing elemental silicon and hydrogen in a diamond anvil cell, we have synthesized polymeric silicon tetrahydride (SiH(4)) at 124 GPa and 300 K. In situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction reveals that the compound forms the insulating I4(1)/a structure previously proposed from ab initio calculations for the high-pressure phase of silane. From a series of high-pressure experiments at room and low temperature on silane itself, we find that its tetrahedral molecules break up, while silane undergoes pressure-induced amorphization at pressures above 60 GPa, recrystallizing at 90 GPa into the polymeric crystal structures.

Behaviors of Zn2GeO4 under high pressure and high temperature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shu-Wen, Yang; Fang, Peng; Wen-Tao, Li; Qi-Wei, Hu; Xiao-Zhi, Yan; Li, Lei; Xiao-Dong, Li; Duan-Wei, He

2016-07-01

The structural stability of Zn2GeO4 was investigated by in-situ synchrotron radiation angle dispersive x-ray diffraction. The pressure-induced amorphization is observed up to 10 GPa at room temperature. The high-pressure and high-temperature sintering experiments and the Raman spectrum measurement firstly were performed to suggest that the amorphization is caused by insufficient thermal energy and tilting Zn-O-Ge and Ge-O-Ge bond angles with increasing pressure, respectively. The calculated bulk modulus of Zn2GeO4 is 117.8 GPa from the pressure-volume data. In general, insights into the mechanical behavior and structure evolution of Zn2GeO4 will shed light on the micro-mechanism of the materials variation under high pressure and high temperature. Project supported by the Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. U1332104).

High pressure synthesis of amorphous TiO2 nanotubes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Quanjun; Liu, Ran; Wang, Tianyi; Xu, Ke; Dong, Qing; Liu, Bo; Liu, Jing; Liu, Bingbing

2015-09-01

Amorphous TiO2 nanotubes with diameters of 8-10 nm and length of several nanometers were synthesized by high pressure treatment of anatase TiO2 nanotubes. The structural phase transitions of anatase TiO2 nanotubes were investigated by using in-situ high-pressure synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. The starting anatase structure is stable up to ˜20GPa, and transforms into a high-density amorphous (HDA) form at higher pressure. Pressure-modified high- to low-density transition was observed in the amorphous form upon decompression. The pressure-induced amorphization and polyamorphism are in good agreement with the previous results in ultrafine TiO2 nanoparticles and nanoribbons. The relationship between the LDA form and α-PbO2 phase was revealed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) study. In addition, the bulk modulus (B0 = 158 GPa) of the anatase TiO2 nanotubes is smaller than those of the corresponding bulks and nanoparticles (180-240 GPa). We suggest that the unique open-ended nanotube morphology and nanosize play important roles in the high pressure phase transition of TiO2 nanotubes.

Optimization of a high-pressure pore water extraction device.

PubMed

Cyr, Martin; Daidié, Alain

2007-02-01

High-pressure squeezing is a technique used for the extraction of the pore water of porous materials such as sediments, soils, rocks, and concrete. The efficiency of extraction depends on the maximum pressures on the materials. This article presents the design of a high-pressure device reaching an axial pressure of 1000 MPa which has been developed to improve the efficiency of extraction. The increase in squeezing pressure implies high stresses inside the chamber, so specialized expertise was required to design a safe, functional device that could withstand pressures significantly higher than common laboratory equipment. The design includes finite element calculations, selection of appropriate materials, and descriptive construction details for the apparatus. It also includes an experimental study of the performance of the apparatus in terms of extraction efficiency.

Water-soluble CdTe nanocrystals under high pressure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Yan-Cheng

2015-02-01

The application of static high pressure provides a method for precisely controlling and investigating many fundamental and unique properties of semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs). This study systematically investigates the high-pressure photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved carrier dynamics of thiol-capped CdTe NCs of different sizes, at different concentrations, and in various stress environments. The zincblende-to-rocksalt phase transition in thiol-capped CdTe NCs is observed at a pressure far in excess of the bulk phase transition pressure. Additionally, the process of transformation depends strongly on NC size, and the phase transition pressure increases with NC size. These peculiar phenomena are attributed to the distinctive bonding of thiols to the NC surface. In a nonhydrostatic environment, considerable flattening of the PL energy of CdTe NCs powder is observed above 3.0 GPa. Furthermore, asymmetric and double-peak PL emissions are obtained from a concentrated solution of CdTe NCs under hydrostatic pressure, implying the feasibility of pressure-induced interparticle coupling.

High pressure phase transitions in tetrahedrally coordinated semiconducting compounds

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yu, S. C.; Spain, I. L.; Skelton, E. F.

1978-01-01

New experimental results are reported for structural transitions at high pressure in several III-V compounds and two II-VI compounds. These data, together with earlier results, are then compared with the predictions of model calculations of Van Vechten. Experimental transition pressures are often at variance with calculated values. However, his calculation assumes that the high pressure phase is metallic, with the beta-Sn structure. The present results show that several compounds assume an ionic NaCl structure at high pressure, while others have neither the beta-Sn nor NaCl structure.

Medications for High Blood Pressure

MedlinePlus

... Consumers Home For Consumers Consumer Updates Medications for High Blood Pressure Share Tweet Linkedin Pin it More sharing options Linkedin Pin it Email Print Hypertension tends to worsen with age and you cannot ...

High Blood Pressure and Sex: Overcome the Challenges

MedlinePlus

High blood pressure and sex: Overcome the challenges Treatment for high blood pressure and satisfaction with sex can go hand in hand — if you're ... signs or symptoms. But the impact on your sex life may be obvious. Although sexual activity is ...

Raman study of opal at high pressure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Farfan, G.; Wang, S.; Mao, W. L.

2011-12-01

More commonly known for their beauty and lore as gemstones, opals are also intriguing geological materials which may have potential for materials science applications. Opal lacks a definite crystalline structure, and is composed of an amorphous packing of hydrated silica (SiO2) spheroids, which provides us with a unique nano-scaled mineraloid with properties unlike those of other amorphous materials like glass. Opals from different localities were studied at high pressure using a diamond anvil cell to apply pressure and Raman spectroscopy to look at changes in bonding as pressure was increased. We first tested different samples from Virgin Valley, NV, Spencer, ID, Juniper Ridge, OR, and Australia, which contain varying amounts of water at ambient conditions, using Raman spectroscopy to determine if they were opal-CT (semicrystalline cristobalite-trydimite volcanic origin) or opal-A (amorphous sedimentary origin). We then used x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy in a diamond anvil cell to see how their bonding and structure changed under compression and to determine what effect water content had on their high pressure behavior. Comparison of our results on opal to other high pressure studies of amorphous materials like glass has implications from a geological and materials science standpoint.

High pressure effects on allergen food proteins.

PubMed

Somkuti, Judit; Smeller, László

2013-12-15

There are several proteins, which can cause allergic reaction if they are inhaled or ingested. Our everyday food can also contain such proteins. Food allergy is an IgE-mediated immune disorder, a growing health problem of great public concern. High pressure is known to affect the structure of proteins; typically few hundred MPa pressure can lead to denaturation. That is why several trials have been performed to alter the structure of the allergen proteins by high pressure, in order to reduce its allergenicity. Studies have been performed both on simple protein solutions and on complex food systems. Here we review those allergens which have been investigated under or after high pressure treatment by methods capable of detecting changes in the secondary and tertiary structure of the proteins. We focus on those allergenic proteins, whose structural changes were investigated by spectroscopic methods under pressure in correlation with the observed allergenicity (IgE binding) changes. According to this criterion we selected the following allergen proteins: Mal d 1 and Mal d 3 (apple), Bos d 5 (milk), Dau c 1 (carrot), Gal d 2 (egg), Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 (peanut), and Gad m 1 (cod). Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

High pressure electrical insulated feed thru connector

DOEpatents

Oeschger, Joseph E.; Berkeland, James E.

1979-11-13

A feed-thru type hermetic electrical connector including at least one connector pin feeding through an insulator block within the metallic body of the connector shell. A compression stop arrangement coaxially disposed about the insulator body is brazed to the shell, and the shoulder on the insulator block bears against this top in a compression mode, the high pressure or internal connector being at the opposite end of the shell. Seals between the pin and an internal bore at the high pressure end of the insulator block and between the insulator block and the metallic shell at the high pressure end are hermetically brazed in place, the first of these also functioning to transfer the axial compressive load without permitting appreciable shear action between the pin and insulator block.

Social marketing and MARTIN: tools for organizing, analyzing, and interpreting qualitative data.

PubMed

Higgins, J W

1998-11-01

The purpose of this article is to discuss how the computer software program MARTIN and social marketing concepts (understanding the consumer perspective, exchange, marketing mix, and segmentation) were used as organizational, analytical, and interpretive tools for qualitative data. The qualitative data are from a case study on citizen participation in a health reform policy in British Columbia. The concept of broad-based public participation is a fundamental element of health promotion and citizenship. There is a gap, however, between the promise and reality of citizen participation in health promotion. Emerging from the analysis was an understanding of the societal circumstances that inhibited or fostered participation. This article describes how the code-based, theory-building attributes of the MARTIN software facilitated a new conceptualization of participatory citizenship and generated new insights into understanding why some people participate and others do not.

High-pressure NaCl-phase of tetrahedral compounds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Soma, T.; -Matsuo Kagaya, H.

1984-04-01

The phase transition of tetrahedral compounds such as GaP, InP, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe and CdTe under pressure is investigated from the electronic theory of solids by using our recently presented binding force, which includes mainly covalent interactions in the pseudopotential formalism and partially ionic interactions. The partially ionic forces give the important contributions to the high-pressure phase and stabilize the NaCl-type structure for the high-pressure phase of these compounds, although not reported for GaP experimentally. Then, the numerical results such as the transition pressure, the volume-discontinuity, the transition heat with respect to the pressure-induced phase transition from the zinc-blende-to the NaCl-type lattice are obtained theoretically.

Germination of vegetable seeds exposed to very high pressure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mori, Y.; Yokota, S.; Ono, F.

2012-07-01

Effects of high hydrostatic pressure were investigated on vegetable seeds in the GPa range to examine the potentialities of breed improvement by high-pressure processing. Specimens of several seeds of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), Turnip leaf (Brassica rapa var. perviridis) and Potherb Mustard (Brassica rapa var. nipposinica) were put in a teflon capsule with liquid high pressure medium, fluorinate, and inserted into a pyrophillite cube. By using a cubic anvil press a hydrostatic pressure of 5.5 GP a was applied to these seeds for 15 minutes. After being brought back to ambient pressure, they were seeded on humid soil in a plant pot. Many of these vegetable seeds began to germinate within 6 days after seeded.

Small, high-pressure liquid hydrogen turbopump

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Csomor, A.; Sutton, R.

1977-01-01

A high pressure, liquid hydrogen turbopump was designed, fabricated, and tested to a maximum speed of 9739 rad/s and a maximum pump discharge pressure of 2861 N/sq. cm. The approaches used in the analysis and design of the turbopump are described, and fabrication methods are discussed. Data obtained from gas generator tests, turbine performance calibration, and turbopump testing are presented.

ORION - Crew Module Side Hatch: Proof Pressure Test Anomaly Investigation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Evernden, Brent A.; Guzman, Oscar J.

2018-01-01

The Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle program was performing a proof pressure test on an engineering development unit (EDU) of the Orion Crew Module Side Hatch (CMSH) assembly. The purpose of the proof test was to demonstrate structural capability, with margin, at 1.5 times the maximum design pressure, before integrating the CMSH to the Orion Crew Module structural test article for subsequent pressure testing. The pressure test was performed at lower pressures of 3 psig, 10 psig and 15.75 psig with no apparent abnormal behavior or leaking. During pressurization to proof pressure of 23.32 psig, a loud 'pop' was heard at 21.3 psig. Upon review into the test cell, it was noted that the hatch had prematurely separated from the proof test fixture, thus immediately ending the test. The proof pressure test was expected be a simple verification but has since evolved into a significant joint failure investigation from both Lockheed Martin and NASA.

High pressure xenon ionization detector

DOEpatents

Markey, J.K.

1989-11-14

A method is provided for detecting ionization comprising allowing particles that cause ionization to contact high pressure xenon maintained at or near its critical point and measuring the amount of ionization. An apparatus is provided for detecting ionization, the apparatus comprising a vessel containing a ionizable medium, the vessel having an inlet to allow high pressure ionizable medium to enter the vessel, a means to permit particles that cause ionization of the medium to enter the vessel, an anode, a cathode, a grid and a plurality of annular field shaping rings, the field shaping rings being electrically isolated from one another, the anode, cathode, grid and field shaping rings being electrically isolated from one another in order to form an electric field between the cathode and the anode, the electric field originating at the anode and terminating at the cathode, the grid being disposed between the cathode and the anode, the field shaping rings being disposed between the cathode and the grid, the improvement comprising the medium being xenon and the vessel being maintained at a pressure of 50 to 70 atmospheres and a temperature of 0 to 30 C. 2 figs.

High pressure xenon ionization detector

DOEpatents

Markey, John K.

1989-01-01

A method is provided for detecting ionization comprising allowing particles that cause ionization to contact high pressure xenon maintained at or near its critical point and measuring the amount of ionization. An apparatus is provided for detecting ionization, the apparatus comprising a vessel containing a ionizable medium, the vessel having an inlet to allow high pressure ionizable medium to enter the vessel, a means to permit particles that cause ionization of the medium to enter the vessel, an anode, a cathode, a grid and a plurality of annular field shaping rings, the field shaping rings being electrically isolated from one another, the anode, cathode, grid and field shaping rings being electrically isolated from one another in order to form an electric field between the cathode and the anode, the electric field originating at the anode and terminating at the cathode, the grid being disposed between the cathode and the anode, the field shaping rings being disposed between the cathode and the grid, the improvement comprising the medium being xenon and the vessel being maintained at a pressure of 50 to 70 atmospheres and a temperature of 0.degree. to 30.degree. C.

Ultrasonic Sound Velocity of Diopside Liquid Under High Pressure and High Temperature Conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, M.; Jing, Z.; Chantel, J.; Yu, T.; Wang, Y.; Jiang, P.

2017-12-01

The equation of state (EOS) of silicate liquids is of great significance to the understanding of the dynamics and differentiation of the magmatic systems in Earth and other terrestrial planets. Sound velocity of silicate liquids measured at high pressure can provide direct information on the bulk modulus and its pressure derivative and hence tightly constrain the EOS of silicate liquids. In addition, the sound velocity data can be directly compared to seismic observations to infer the presence of melts in the mantle. While the sound velocity for silicate liquids at ambient pressure has been well established, the high-pressure sound velocity data are still lacking due to experimental challenges. In this study, we successfully determined the sound velocities of diopside (CaMgSi2O6) liquid in a multi-anvil apparatus under high pressure-high temperature conditions from 1 to 4 GPa and 1973 to 2473 K by the ultrasonic interferometry in conjunction with synchrotron X-ray techniques. Diopside was chosen to study because it is not only one of the most important phases in the Earth's upper mantle, but also an end-member composition of model basalt. It is thus an ideal simplified melt composition in the upper mantle. Besides, diopside liquid has been studied by ambient-pressure ultrasonic measurements (e.g., Ai and Lange, 2008) and shock-wave experiments at much higher pressure (e.g., Asimow and Ahrens, 2010), which allows comparison with our results over a large pressure range. Our high-pressure results on the sound velocity of Di liquid are consistent with the ambient-pressure data and show an increase of velocity with pressure (from 3039 m/s at 0.1 GPa to 4215 m/s at 3.5 GPa). Fitting to the Murnaghan EOS gives an isentropic bulk modulus (Ks) of 24.8 GPa and its pressure dependence (K'S) of 7.8. These are consistent with the results from shock-wave experiments on Di liquid (Asimow and Ahrens, 2010), indicating that the technique used in this study is capable to accurately

Stress distribution and pressure-bearing capacity of a high-pressure split-cylinder die with prism cavity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Liang; Li, Mingzhe; Wang, Liyan; Qu, Erhu; Yi, Zhuo

2018-03-01

A novel high-pressure belt-type die with a split-type cylinder is investigated with respect to extending its lifetime and improving its pressure bearing capacity. Specifically, a tungsten carbide cylinder is split into several parts along the radial direction with a prism-type cavity. In this paper, the cylinders with different split numbers are chosen to study the stress distribution and compare them with the traditional belt-type die. The simulation results indicate that the split cylinder has much smaller stress than those in the belt-type cylinder, and the statistical analysis reveals that the split-pressure cylinder is able to bear higher pressure. Experimental tests also show that the high-pressure die with a split cylinder and prism cavity has a stronger pressure-bearing capacity than a belt-type die. The split cylinder has advantages of easy manufacturing, high pressure bearing capacity, and replaceable performance.

Development of High-Pressure Structural and Cellular Biophysics at Miami University

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Urayama, Paul

2004-04-01

Pressures found in the biosphere (up to 1200 atm) have large effects on enzyme specificity and activity, molecular associations, protein folding, viral infectivity, and cellular morphology. The importance of pressure in pharmaceuticals, medical, and biomaterials sciences is beginning to be appreciated. Enzyme reactions under high pressure or in supercritical fluids may be promising in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. High pressure processing of biopolymer networks may be important in producing matrices for biomaterials applications. In medicine, herpes, immunodeficiency viruses, and certain prion proteins are inactivated by pressure, which may be useful in the ex vivo treatment of blood. Even physiologically generated pressures, such as during colon peristalsis, have biological effects, for example, on the adhesion properties of epithelial cells in colon cancer. This presentation describes a new high-pressure structural and cellular biophysics laboratory under development at Miami University. Applications of specific methods, including high-pressure time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy; high-pressure fluorescence microscopy; and high-pressure x-ray macromolecular crystallography will be discussed.

Solids, liquids, and gases under high pressure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mao, Ho-Kwang; Chen, Xiao-Jia; Ding, Yang; Li, Bing; Wang, Lin

2018-01-01

Pressure has long been recognized as a fundamental thermodynamic variable but its application was previously limited by the available pressure vessels and probes. The development of megabar diamond anvil cells and a battery of associated in-laboratory and synchrotron techniques at the turn of the century have opened a vast new window of opportunities. With the addition of the pressure dimension, we are facing a new world with an order of magnitude more materials to be discovered than all that have been explored at ambient pressure. Pressure drastically and categorically alters all elastic, electronic, magnetic, structural, and chemical properties, and pushes materials across conventional barriers between insulators and superconductors, amorphous and crystalline solids, ionic and covalent compounds, vigorously reactive and inert chemicals, etc. In the process, it reveals surprising high-pressure physics and chemistry and creates novel materials. This review describes the principles and methodology used to reach ultrahigh static pressure: the in situ probes, the physical phenomena to be investigated, the long-pursued goals, the surprising discoveries, and the vast potential opportunities. Exciting examples include the quest for metallic hydrogen, the record-breaking superconducting temperature of 203 K in HnS , the complication of "free-electron gas" alkali metals, the magnetic collapse in 3 d transition elements, the pressure-induced superconductivity from topological insulators, the novel stoichiometry in simple compounds, the interaction of nanoscience, the accomplishment of 750 GPa pressure, etc. These highlights are the integral results of technological achievements, specific measurements, and theoretical advancement; therefore, the same highlights will appear in different sections corresponding to these different aspects. Overall, this review demonstrates that high-pressure research is a new dimension in condensed-matter physics.

High Pressure Strength Study on NaCl

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mi, Z.; Shieh, S. R.; High Pressure Mineral Physics Group

2010-12-01

Yield strength is regarded as one important property related to rheological characteristics of minerals in the Earth’s interior. The strength study of NaCl, a popular pressure medium in static high pressure experiments, has been carried out under non-hydrostatic conditions in a diamond anvil cell up to 43 GPa at room temperature using radial energy dispersive X-ray diffraction technique. Phase transformation from B1 (rock salt structure) to B2 (CsCl structure) starts at 29.4 GPa, and is complete at 32.1 GPa. Bulk modulus obtained by third order Birch-Manurgham equation of state is 25.5 GPa with pressure derivative 4.6 for B1 phase, and 30.78 GPa with pressure derivative 4.32 GPa for B2 phase, which are in a good agreement with previous studies. The differential stress of NaCl B1 phase shows very gentle increase with pressure, which indicates that NaCl is a very good pressure-transmitting medium at pressure below 30 GPa. However, the differential stress increases more abruptly for B2 phase and this may imply that NaCl can no longer be regarded as a “soft” pressure medium at very high pressures. For B1 phase, (111) is the strongest plane and (200) is the weakest plane, while (200) becomes the strongest plane in B2 phase. Pure NaCl is weaker than mixture MgO and NaCl, which indicates that soft material become stronger when mixed with hard material. The yield strength of B2 obtained through energy dispersive X-ray diffraction technique increase linearly, while the value derived by pressure gradient method shows jagged trend.

Astronaut David Wolf draws blood from Martin Fettman for SLS-2 investigations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

Inside the science module aboard the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Columbia, Astronaut David A. Wolf draws blood from payload specialists Martin J. Fettman, DVM. Blood samples from crew members are critical to several Spacelab Life Sciences (SLS-2) investigations.

Interview with ARPA-E Acting Director Dr. Cheryl Martin on Platts Energy Week

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Martin, Cheryl; Loveless, Bill

Bill Loveless from Platts Energy Week interviews ARPA-E Acting Director, Dr. Cheryl Martin, about the many transformational energy technologies on display at ARPA-E's 5th annual Energy Innovation Summit.

Interview with ARPA-E Acting Director Dr. Cheryl Martin on Platts Energy Week

ScienceCinema

Martin, Cheryl; Loveless, Bill

2018-01-16

Bill Loveless from Platts Energy Week interviews ARPA-E Acting Director, Dr. Cheryl Martin, about the many transformational energy technologies on display at ARPA-E's 5th annual Energy Innovation Summit.

High Pressure Industrial Water Facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1992-01-01

In conjunction with Space Shuttle Main Engine testing at Stennis, the Nordberg Water Pumps at the High Pressure Industrial Water Facility provide water for cooling the flame deflectors at the test stands during test firings.

Superelastic carbon spheres under high pressure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Meifen; Guo, Junjie; Xu, Bingshe

2013-03-01

We report a superelastic deformation behavior of carbon spheres by the in situ Raman spectroscopy in a high-pressure diamond anvil cell. The carbon spheres produced by arc discharging in toluene have a mean diameter of 200 nm and an onion-like multilayer graphitic structure. We find that the elastic coefficients, during both the compression and decompression processes, remain a constant up to 10 GPa, indicating a superior high-pressure structural stability. Such superelastic behavior is related to the isotropic and concentric configuration of carbon spheres and provides additional insight into improving the microscopic mechanical properties of small-scale particles.

Quantitative PLIF Imaging in High-Pressure Combustion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hanson, R. K.

1997-01-01

This is the final report for a research project aimed at developing planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) techniques for quantitative 2-D species imaging in fuel-lean, high-pressure combustion gases, relevant to modem aircraft gas turbine combustors. The program involved both theory and experiment. The theoretical activity led to spectroscopic models that allow calculation of the laser-induced fluorescence produced in OH, NO and 02 for arbitrary excitation wavelength, pressure, temperature, gas mixture and laser linewidth. These spectroscopic models incorporate new information on line- broadening, energy transfer and electronic quench rates. Extensive calculations have been made with these models in order to identify optimum excitation strategies, particularly for detecting low levels (ppm) of NO in the presence of large 02 mole fractions (10% is typical for the fuel-lean combustion of interest). A promising new measurement concept has emerged from these calculations, namely that excitation at specific wavelengths, together with detection of fluorescence in multiple spectral bands, promises to enable simultaneous detection of both NO (at ppm levels) and 02 or possibly NO, 02 and temperature. Calculations have been made to evaluate the expected performance of such a diagnostic for a variety of conditions and choices of excitation and detection wavelengths. The experimental effort began with assembly of a new high-pressure combustor to provide controlled high-temperature and high-pressure combustion products. The non-premixed burner enables access to postflame gases at high temperatures (to 2000 K) and high pressures (to 13 atm), and a range of fuel-air equivalence ratios. The chamber also allowed use of a sampling probe, for chemiluminescent detection of NO/NO2, and thermocouples for measurement of gas temperature. Experiments were conducted to confirm the spectroscopic models for OH, NO and 02.

Strong environmental tolerance of Artemia under very high pressure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Minami, K.; Ono, F.; Mori, Y.; Takarabe, K.; Saigusa, M.; Matsushima, Y.; Saini, N. L.; Yamashita, M.

2010-03-01

It was shown by the present authors group that a tardigrade in its tun-state can survive after exposed to 7.5 GPa for 13 hours. We have extended this experiment to other tiny animals searching for lives under extreme conditions of high hydrostatic pressure. Artemia, a kind of planktons, in its dried egg-state have strong environmental tolerance. Dozens of Artemia eggs were sealed in a small Teflon capsule together with a liquid pressure medium, and exposed to the high hydrostatic pressure of 7.5 GPa. After the pressure was released, they were soaked in seawater to observe hatching rate. It was proved that 80-90% of the Artemia eggs were alive and hatched into Nauplii after exposed to the maximum pressure of 7.5 GPa for up to 48 hours. Comparing with Tardigrades, Artemia are four-times stronger against high pressure.

49 CFR 192.197 - Control of the pressure of gas delivered from high-pressure distribution systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Control of the pressure of gas delivered from high-pressure distribution systems. 192.197 Section 192.197 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to... STANDARDS Design of Pipeline Components § 192.197 Control of the pressure of gas delivered from high...

Martins Fork Lake Sedimentation Study. Hydraulic Model Investigation

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-09-01

30 per- cent of the 1.67 acre-ft/square mile, or 0.50 acre-ft/square mile was selected to represent the new expected sediment inflow rate (USAED...Cross Sec- tion Coordinates" (GEDA). The GEDA files were converted to HEC-6 format. Roughness 15. Manning’s n values were selected for each stem of...the network. The values selected are shown in Table 2. Table 2 * Manning’s n Values Network n Value Martins Fork main stem 0.040 Crane Creek 0.045 Board

Design principles for high-pressure force fields: Aqueous TMAO solutions from ambient to kilobar pressures.

PubMed

Hölzl, Christoph; Kibies, Patrick; Imoto, Sho; Frach, Roland; Suladze, Saba; Winter, Roland; Marx, Dominik; Horinek, Dominik; Kast, Stefan M

2016-04-14

Accurate force fields are one of the major pillars on which successful molecular dynamics simulations of complex biomolecular processes rest. They have been optimized for ambient conditions, whereas high-pressure simulations become increasingly important in pressure perturbation studies, using pressure as an independent thermodynamic variable. Here, we explore the design of non-polarizable force fields tailored to work well in the realm of kilobar pressures--while avoiding complete reparameterization. Our key is to first compute the pressure-induced electronic and structural response of a solute by combining an integral equation approach to include pressure effects on solvent structure with a quantum-chemical treatment of the solute within the embedded cluster reference interaction site model (EC-RISM) framework. Next, the solute's response to compression is taken into account by introducing pressure-dependence into selected parameters of a well-established force field. In our proof-of-principle study, the full machinery is applied to N,N,N-trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) in water being a potent osmolyte that counteracts pressure denaturation. EC-RISM theory is shown to describe well the charge redistribution upon compression of TMAO(aq) to 10 kbar, which is then embodied in force field molecular dynamics by pressure-dependent partial charges. The performance of the high pressure force field is assessed by comparing to experimental and ab initio molecular dynamics data. Beyond its broad usefulness for designing non-polarizable force fields for extreme thermodynamic conditions, a good description of the pressure-response of solutions is highly recommended when constructing and validating polarizable force fields.

High-pressure microscopy for tracking dynamic properties of molecular machines.

PubMed

Nishiyama, Masayoshi

2017-12-01

High-pressure microscopy is one of the powerful techniques to visualize the effects of hydrostatic pressures on research targets. It could be used for monitoring the pressure-induced changes in the structure and function of molecular machines in vitro and in vivo. This review focuses on the dynamic properties of the assemblies and machines, analyzed by means of high-pressure microscopy measurement. We developed a high-pressure microscope that is optimized both for the best image formation and for the stability to hydrostatic pressure up to 150 MPa. Application of pressure could change polymerization and depolymerization processes of the microtubule cytoskeleton, suggesting a modulation of the intermolecular interaction between tubulin molecules. A novel motility assay demonstrated that high hydrostatic pressure induces counterclockwise (CCW) to clockwise (CW) reversals of the Escherichia coli flagellar motor. The present techniques could be extended to study how molecular machines in complicated systems respond to mechanical stimuli. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

High blood pressure in acute ischemic stroke and clinical outcome

PubMed Central

Manabe, Yasuhiro; Kono, Syoichiro; Tanaka, Tomotaka; Narai, Hisashi; Omori, Nobuhiko

2009-01-01

This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of acute phase blood pressure in patients with acute ischemic stroke by determining whether or not it contributes to clinical outcome. We studied 515 consecutive patients admitted within the first 48 hours after the onset of ischemic strokes, employing systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements recorded within 36 hours after admission. High blood pressure was defined when the mean of at least 2 blood pressure measurements was ≥200 mmHg systolic and/or ≥110 mmHg diastolic at 6 to 24 hours after admission or ≥180 mmHg systolic and/or ≥105 mmHg diastolic at 24 to 36 hours after admission. The high blood pressure group was found to include 16% of the patients. Age, sex, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease, stroke history, carotid artery stenosis, leukoaraiosis, NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) on admission and mortality were not significantly correlated with either the high blood pressure or non-high blood pressure group. High blood pressure on admission was significantly associated with a past history of hypertension, kidney disease, the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) on discharge and the length of stay. On logistic regression analysis, with no previous history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, and kidney disease were independent risk factors associated with the presence of high blood pressure [odds ratio (OR), 1.85 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06–3.22), 1.89 (95% CI: 1.11–3.22), and 3.31 (95% CI: 1.36–8.04), respectively]. Multi-organ injury may be presented in acute stroke patients with high blood pressure. Patients with high blood pressure had a poor functional outcome after acute ischemic stroke. PMID:21577346

Soft x-ray spectroscopy of high pressure liquid.

PubMed

Qiao, Ruimin; Xia, Yujian; Feng, Xuefei; Macdougall, James; Pepper, John; Armitage, Kevin; Borsos, Jason; Knauss, Kevin G; Lee, Namhey; Allézy, Arnaud; Gilbert, Benjamin; MacDowell, Alastair A; Liu, Yi-Sheng; Glans, Per-Anders; Sun, Xuhui; Chao, Weilun; Guo, Jinghua

2018-01-01

We describe a new experimental technique that allows for soft x-ray spectroscopy studies (∼100-1000 eV) of high pressure liquid (∼100 bars). We achieve this through a liquid cell with a 100 nm-thick Si 3 N 4 membrane window, which is sandwiched by two identical O-rings for vacuum sealing. The thin Si 3 N 4 membrane allows soft x-rays to penetrate, while separating the high-pressure liquid under investigation from the vacuum required for soft x-ray transmission and detection. The burst pressure of the Si 3 N 4 membrane increases with decreasing size and more specifically is inversely proportional to the side length of the square window. It also increases proportionally with the membrane thickness. Pressures > 60 bars could be achieved for 100 nm-thick square Si 3 N 4 windows that are smaller than 65 μm. However, above a certain pressure, the failure of the Si wafer becomes the limiting factor. The failure pressure of the Si wafer is sensitive to the wafer thickness. Moreover, the deformation of the Si 3 N 4 membrane is quantified using vertical scanning interferometry. As an example of the performance of the high-pressure liquid cell optimized for total-fluorescence detected soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy (sXAS), the sXAS spectra at the Ca L edge (∼350 eV) of a CaCl 2 aqueous solution are collected under different pressures up to 41 bars.

Soft x-ray spectroscopy of high pressure liquid

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Qiao, Ruimin; Xia, Yujian; Feng, Xuefei

Here, we describe a new experimental technique that allows for soft x-ray spectroscopy studies (~100-1000 eV) of high pressure liquid (~100 bars). We achieve this through a liquid cell with a 100 nm-thick Si 3N 4 membrane window, which is sandwiched by two identical O-rings for vacuum sealing. The thin Si 3N 4 membrane allows soft x-rays to penetrate, while separating the high-pressure liquid under investigation from the vacuum required for soft x-ray transmission and detection. The burst pressure of the Si 3N 4 membrane increases with decreasing size and more specifically is inversely proportional to the side length ofmore » the square window. It also increases proportionally with the membrane thickness. Pressures > 60 bars could be achieved for 100 nm-thick square Si 3N 4 windows that are smaller than 65 μm. However, above a certain pressure, the failure of the Si wafer becomes the limiting factor. The failure pressure of the Si wafer is sensitive to the wafer thickness. Moreover, the deformation of the Si 3N 4 membrane is quantified using vertical scanning interferometry. As an example of the performance of the high-pressure liquid cell optimized for total-fluorescence detected soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy (sXAS), the sXAS spectra at the Ca L edge (~350 eV) of a CaCl 2 aqueous solution are collected under different pressures up to 41 bars.« less

Soft x-ray spectroscopy of high pressure liquid

DOE PAGES

Qiao, Ruimin; Xia, Yujian; Feng, Xuefei; ...

2018-01-01

Here, we describe a new experimental technique that allows for soft x-ray spectroscopy studies (~100-1000 eV) of high pressure liquid (~100 bars). We achieve this through a liquid cell with a 100 nm-thick Si 3N 4 membrane window, which is sandwiched by two identical O-rings for vacuum sealing. The thin Si 3N 4 membrane allows soft x-rays to penetrate, while separating the high-pressure liquid under investigation from the vacuum required for soft x-ray transmission and detection. The burst pressure of the Si 3N 4 membrane increases with decreasing size and more specifically is inversely proportional to the side length ofmore » the square window. It also increases proportionally with the membrane thickness. Pressures > 60 bars could be achieved for 100 nm-thick square Si 3N 4 windows that are smaller than 65 μm. However, above a certain pressure, the failure of the Si wafer becomes the limiting factor. The failure pressure of the Si wafer is sensitive to the wafer thickness. Moreover, the deformation of the Si 3N 4 membrane is quantified using vertical scanning interferometry. As an example of the performance of the high-pressure liquid cell optimized for total-fluorescence detected soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy (sXAS), the sXAS spectra at the Ca L edge (~350 eV) of a CaCl 2 aqueous solution are collected under different pressures up to 41 bars.« less

Temperature compensated high-temperature/high-pressure Merrill--Bassett diamond anvil cell

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schiferl, D.

1987-07-01

A Merrill--Bassett diamond anvil cell for high-temperature/high-pressure studies up to 5 GPa at 1000 K and 13 GPa at 725 K is described. To maintain uniform, well-characterized temperatures, and to protect the diamond anvils from oxidation and graphitization, the entire cell is heated in a vacuum oven. The materials are chosen so that the pressure remains constant to within +-10% over the entire temperature range.

Design guide for high pressure oxygen systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bond, A. C.; Pohl, H. O.; Chaffee, N. H.; Guy, W. W.; Allton, C. S.; Johnston, R. L.; Castner, W. L.; Stradling, J. S.

1983-01-01

A repository for critical and important detailed design data and information, hitherto unpublished, along with significant data on oxygen reactivity phenomena with metallic and nonmetallic materials in moderate to very high pressure environments is documented. This data and information provide a ready and easy to use reference for the guidance of designers of propulsion, power, and life support systems for use in space flight. The document is also applicable to designs for industrial and civilian uses of high pressure oxygen systems. The information presented herein are derived from data and design practices involving oxygen usage at pressures ranging from about 20 psia to 8000 psia equal with thermal conditions ranging from room temperatures up to 500 F.

Advancing description and explanation in clinical linguistics: a legacy of Martin J. Ball.

PubMed

Damico, Jack S; Damico, Holly L; Nelson, Ryan L

2011-11-01

This article asserts the importance of explication of order and disorder in language as a privileged objective of clinical linguistics and service delivery and reviews the contributions of Martin Ball in advancing this agenda.

Underground storage systems for high-pressure air and gases

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Beam, B. H.; Giovannetti, A.

1975-01-01

This paper is a discussion of the safety and cost of underground high-pressure air and gas storage systems based on recent experience with a high-pressure air system installed at Moffett Field, California. The system described used threaded and coupled oil well casings installed vertically to a depth of 1200 ft. Maximum pressure was 3000 psi and capacity was 500,000 lb of air. A failure mode analysis is presented, and it is shown that underground storage offers advantages in avoiding catastrophic consequences from pressure vessel failure. Certain problems such as corrosion, fatigue, and electrolysis are discussed in terms of the economic life of such vessels. A cost analysis shows that where favorable drilling conditions exist, the cost of underground high-pressure storage is approximately one-quarter that of equivalent aboveground storage.

A High Pressure Flowing Oil Switch For Gigawatt, Repetitive Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-06-01

for testing the high pressure switch concept under repetitive pulse conditions is a 4.8 Ω, 70 ns water pulse forming line (PFL). The water PFL is...Cox Instruments. A pair of Hedland variable area flow sensors monitored relative flow rates in the two oil lines that fed the high pressure switch . High... pressure switch was tested under both single shot and repetitive conditions over a range of pressures, flow rates and temperatures. The primary

Uranyl peroxide nanoclusters at high-pressure

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Turner, Katlyn M.; Szymanowski, Jennifer E. S.; Zhang, Fuxiang

Here, U 60 ([UO 2(O 2)(OH)] 60 60– in water) is a uranyl peroxide nanocluster with a fullerene topology and O h symmetry. U 60 clusters can exist in crystalline solids or in liquids; however, little is known of their behavior at high pressures. We compressed the U 60-bearing material: Li 68K 12(OH) 20[UO 2(O 2)(OH)] 60(H 2O) 310 ( Fm3¯; a = 37.884 Å) in a diamond anvil cell to determine its response to increasing pressure. Three length scales and corresponding structural features contribute to the compression response: uranyl peroxide bonds (<0.5 nm), isolated single nanoclusters (2.5 nm), andmore » the long-range periodicity of nanoclusters within the solid (>3.7 nm). Li 68K 12(OH) 20[UO 2(O 2)(OH)] 60(H 2O) 310 transformed to a tetragonal structure below 2 GPa and irreversibly amorphized between 9.6 and 13 GPa. The bulk modulus of the tetragonal U 60-bearing material was 25 ± 2 GPa. The pressure-induced amorphous phase contained intact U 60 clusters, which were preserved beyond the loss of long-range periodicity. The persistence of U 60 clusters at high pressure may have been enhanced by the interaction between U 60 nanoclusters and the alcohol pressure medium. Once formed, U 60 nanoclusters persist regardless of their associated long-range ordering—in crystals, amorphous solids, or solutions.« less

Uranyl peroxide nanoclusters at high-pressure

DOE PAGES

Turner, Katlyn M.; Szymanowski, Jennifer E. S.; Zhang, Fuxiang; ...

2017-08-14

Here, U 60 ([UO 2(O 2)(OH)] 60 60– in water) is a uranyl peroxide nanocluster with a fullerene topology and O h symmetry. U 60 clusters can exist in crystalline solids or in liquids; however, little is known of their behavior at high pressures. We compressed the U 60-bearing material: Li 68K 12(OH) 20[UO 2(O 2)(OH)] 60(H 2O) 310 ( Fm3¯; a = 37.884 Å) in a diamond anvil cell to determine its response to increasing pressure. Three length scales and corresponding structural features contribute to the compression response: uranyl peroxide bonds (<0.5 nm), isolated single nanoclusters (2.5 nm), andmore » the long-range periodicity of nanoclusters within the solid (>3.7 nm). Li 68K 12(OH) 20[UO 2(O 2)(OH)] 60(H 2O) 310 transformed to a tetragonal structure below 2 GPa and irreversibly amorphized between 9.6 and 13 GPa. The bulk modulus of the tetragonal U 60-bearing material was 25 ± 2 GPa. The pressure-induced amorphous phase contained intact U 60 clusters, which were preserved beyond the loss of long-range periodicity. The persistence of U 60 clusters at high pressure may have been enhanced by the interaction between U 60 nanoclusters and the alcohol pressure medium. Once formed, U 60 nanoclusters persist regardless of their associated long-range ordering—in crystals, amorphous solids, or solutions.« less

Chlorine-trapped CVD bilayer graphene for resistive pressure sensor with high detection limit and high sensitivity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Phuong Pham, Viet; Triet Nguyen, Minh; Park, Jin Woo; Kwak, Sung Soo; Nguyen, Dieu Hien Thi; Kyeom Mun, Mu; Danh Phan, Hoang; San Kim, Doo; Kim, Ki Hyun; Lee, Nae-Eung; Yeom, Geun Young

2017-06-01

Pressure sensing is one of the key functions for smart electronics. Considerably more effort is required to achieve the fabrication of pressure sensors that can imitate and overcome the sophisticated pressure sensing characteristics in nature and industry, especially in the innovation of materials and structures. Almost all of the pressure sensors reported until now have a high sensitivity at a low-pressure detection limit (<10 kPa). While the exploration of a pressure sensor with a high sensitivity and a high responsivity at a high-pressure is challenging, it is required for next generation smart electronics. Here, we report an exotic heterostructure pressure sensor based on ZnO/chlorine radical-trap doped bilayer graphene (ZGClG) as an ideal channel for pressure sensors. Using this ZGClG as the channel, this study shows the possibility of forming a pressure sensor with a high sensitivity (0.19 kPa-1) and a high responsivity (0.575 s) at V  =  1 V on glass substrate. Further, the pressure detection limit of this device was as high as 98 kPa. The investigation of the sensing mechanism under pressure has revealed that the significant improved sensing effect is related to the heavy p-type chlorine trap doping in the channel graphene with chlorine radicals without damaging the graphene. This work indicates that the ZGClG channel used for the pressure sensing device could also provide a simple and essential sensing platform for chemical-, medical-, and biological-sensing for future smart electronics.

Utility of microelectrodes in high-pressure experiments

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Golas, J.; Drickamer, H.G.; Faulkner, L.R.

1991-11-28

A method for preparing platinum cylindrical microelectrodes for applications in high-pressure measurements is described. Advantages of microelectrodes of this geometry are illustrated with voltammetric and chonoamperometric experiments performed at pressures of 1-8,000 bar. Quantitative data on the pressure dependence of diffusion coefficients of K[sub 3]Fe(CN)[sub 6] and O[sub 2] in 0.1 M KCl solutions are presented together with qualitative remarks on the behavior of these systems at higher pressure. The results for microelectrodes are compared to those obtained at large cylindrical Pt electrodes under the same experimental conditions.

A novel high pressure, high temperature vessel used to conduct long-term stability measurements of silicon MEMS pressure transducers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wisniewiski, David

2014-03-01

The need to quantify and to improve long-term stability of pressure transducers is a persistent requirement from the aerospace sector. Specifically, the incorporation of real-time pressure monitoring in aircraft landing gear, as exemplified in Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems (TPMS), has placed greater demand on the pressure transducer for improved performance and increased reliability which is manifested in low lifecycle cost and minimal maintenance downtime through fuel savings and increased life of the tire. Piezoresistive (PR) silicon MEMS pressure transducers are the primary choice as a transduction method for this measurement owing to their ability to be designed for the harsh environment seen in aircraft landing gear. However, these pressure transducers are only as valuable as the long-term stability they possess to ensure reliable, real-time monitoring over tens of years. The "heart" of the pressure transducer is the silicon MEMS element, and it is at this basic level where the long-term stability is established and needs to be quantified. A novel High Pressure, High Temperature (HPHT) vessel has been designed and constructed to facilitate this critical measurement of the silicon MEMS element directly through a process of mechanically "floating" the silicon MEMS element while being subjected to the extreme environments of pressure and temperature, simultaneously. Furthermore, the HPHT vessel is scalable to permit up to fifty specimens to be tested at one time to provide a statistically significant data population on which to draw reasonable conclusions on long-term stability. With the knowledge gained on the silicon MEMS element, higher level assembly to the pressure transducer envelope package can also be quantified as to the build-effects contribution to long-term stability in the same HPHT vessel due to its accommodating size. Accordingly, a HPHT vessel offering multiple levels of configurability and robustness in data measurement is presented, along

Small, high-pressure, liquid oxygen turbopump

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Csomor, A.

1978-01-01

A small, high-pressure, LOX turbopump was designed, fabricated, and tested. The pump was of a single-stage, centrifugal type; power to the pump was supplied by a single-stage, partial-admission, axial-impulse turbine. Design conditions included an operating speed of 7330 rad/sec (70,000 rpm) pump discharge pressure of 2977 N/sq cm (4318 psia), and a pump flowrate of 16.4 kg/s (36.21 lb/sec). The turbine was propelled by LOX/LH2 combustion products at 1041 K (1874 R) inlet temperature, and at a design pressure ratio of 1.424. Test data obtained with the turbopump are presented and mechanical performance is discussed.

Elasticity of methane hydrate phases at high pressure.

PubMed

Beam, Jennifer; Yang, Jing; Liu, Jin; Liu, Chujie; Lin, Jung-Fu

2016-04-21

Determination of the full elastic constants (cij) of methane hydrates (MHs) at extreme pressure-temperature environments is essential to our understanding of the elastic, thermodynamic, and mechanical properties of methane in MH reservoirs on Earth and icy satellites in the solar system. Here, we have investigated the elastic properties of singe-crystal cubic MH-sI, hexagonal MH-II, and orthorhombic MH-III phases at high pressures in a diamond anvil cell. Brillouin light scattering measurements, together with complimentary equation of state (pressure-density) results from X-ray diffraction and methane site occupancies in MH from Raman spectroscopy, were used to derive elastic constants of MH-sI, MH-II, and MH-III phases at high pressures. Analysis of the elastic constants for MH-sI and MH-II showed intriguing similarities and differences between the phases' compressional wave velocity anisotropy and shear wave velocity anisotropy. Our results show that these high-pressure MH phases can exhibit distinct elastic, thermodynamic, and mechanical properties at relevant environments of their respective natural reservoirs. These results provide new insight into the determination of how much methane exists in MH reservoirs on Earth and on icy satellites elsewhere in the solar system and put constraints on the pressure and temperature conditions of their environment.

A System for Incubations at High Gas Partial Pressure

PubMed Central

Sauer, Patrick; Glombitza, Clemens; Kallmeyer, Jens

2012-01-01

High-pressure is a key feature of deep subsurface environments. High partial pressure of dissolved gasses plays an important role in microbial metabolism, because thermodynamic feasibility of many reactions depends on the concentration of reactants. For gases, this is controlled by their partial pressure, which can exceed 1 MPa at in situ conditions. Therefore, high hydrostatic pressure alone is not sufficient to recreate true deep subsurface in situ conditions, but the partial pressure of dissolved gasses has to be controlled as well. We developed an incubation system that allows for incubations at hydrostatic pressure up to 60 MPa, temperatures up to 120°C, and at high gas partial pressure. The composition and partial pressure of gasses can be manipulated during the experiment. To keep costs low, the system is mainly made from off-the-shelf components with only very few custom-made parts. A flexible and inert PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) incubator sleeve, which is almost impermeable for gases, holds the sample and separates it from the pressure fluid. The flexibility of the incubator sleeve allows for sub-sampling of the medium without loss of pressure. Experiments can be run in both static and flow-through mode. The incubation system described here is usable for versatile purposes, not only the incubation of microorganisms and determination of growth rates, but also for chemical degradation or extraction experiments under high gas saturation, e.g., fluid–gas–rock-interactions in relation to carbon dioxide sequestration. As an application of the system we extracted organic compounds from sub-bituminous coal using H2O as well as a H2O–CO2 mixture at elevated temperature (90°C) and pressure (5 MPa). Subsamples were taken at different time points during the incubation and analyzed by ion chromatography. Furthermore we demonstrated the applicability of the system for studies of microbial activity, using samples from the Isis mud volcano. We could

Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Power of Nonviolence. [Lesson Plan].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Endowment for the Humanities (NFAH), Washington, DC.

This lesson plan introduces students in grades 6-8 to Martin Luther King Jr.'s philosophy of nonviolence and the teachings of Mohandas K. Gandhi that influenced King's views. After considering the political impact of this philosophy, students explore its relevance to personal life. In these 6 lessons students will: (1) examine the philosophy of…

Autonomous Women in a Drawer: Carmen Martin Gaite's "La hermana pequena"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garcia, Adrian M.

2009-01-01

Martin Gaite's only Franco-era play contests some fundamental Catholic and Francoist prescriptions for the female. The fact that it was not published or performed for nearly forty years is likely due at least in part to patriarchal censorship. The work dramatizes the personal development of two half-sisters who defy various gender norms and…

Sounding experiments of high pressure gas discharge

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Biele, Joachim K.

A high pressure discharge experiment (200 MPa, 5{center_dot}10{sup 21} molecules/cm{sup 3}, 3000 K) has been set up to study electrically induced shock waves. The apparatus consists of the combustion chamber (4.2 cm{sup 3}) to produce high pressure gas by burning solid propellant grains to fill the electrical pump chamber (2.5 cm{sup 3}) containing an insulated coaxial electrode. Electrical pump energy up to 7.8 kJ at 10 kV, which is roughly three times of the gas energy in the pump chamber, was delivered by a capacitor bank. From the current-voltage relationship the discharge develops at rapidly decreasing voltage. Pressure at themore » combustion chamber indicating significant underpressure as well as overpressure peaks is followed by an increase of static pressure level. These data are not yet completely understood. However, Lorentz forces are believed to generate pinching with subsequent pinch heating, resulting in fast pressure variations to be propagated as rarefaction and shock waves, respectively. Utilizing pure axisymmetric electrode initiation rather than often used exploding wire technology in the pump chamber, repeatable experiments were achieved.« less

High-pressure Irreversible Amorphization of La1/3NbO3

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

I Halevy; A Hen; A Broide

2011-12-31

The crystallographic structure of La{sub 1/3}NbO{sub 3} perovskite was studied at high pressures using a diamond-anvil cell and synchrotron radiation. High-pressure energy dispersive (EDS) x-ray diffraction and high-pressure angle dispersive (ADS) x-ray diffraction revealed an irreversible amorphization at {approx}10 GPa. A large change in the bulk modulus accompanied the high-pressure amorphization.

High temperature- and high pressure-processed garlic improves lipid profiles in rats fed high cholesterol diets.

PubMed

Sohn, Chan Wok; Kim, Hyunae; You, Bo Ram; Kim, Min Jee; Kim, Hyo Jin; Lee, Ji Yeon; Sok, Dai-Eun; Kim, Jin Hee; Lee, Kun Jong; Kim, Mee Ree

2012-05-01

Garlic protects against degenerative diseases such as hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular diseases. However, raw garlic has a strong pungency, which is unpleasant. In this study, we examined the effect of high temperature/high pressure-processed garlic on plasma lipid profiles in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a normal control diet, a high cholesterol (0.5% cholesterol) diet (HCD) only, or a high cholesterol diet supplemented with 0.5% high temperature/high pressure-processed garlic (HCP) or raw garlic (HCR) for 10 weeks. The body weights of the rats fed the garlic-supplemented diets decreased, mostly because of reduced fat pad weights. Plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) in the HCP and HCR groups decreased significantly compared with those in the HCD group. Additionally, fecal TC and TG increased significantly in the HCP and HCR groups. It is notable that no significant differences in plasma or fecal lipid profiles were observed between the HCP and HCR groups. High temperature/high pressure-processed garlic contained a higher amount of S-allyl cysteine than raw garlic (P<.05). The results suggest that high temperature/high pressure-processed garlic may be useful as a functional food to improve lipid profiles.

High Temperature- and High Pressure-Processed Garlic Improves Lipid Profiles in Rats Fed High Cholesterol Diets

PubMed Central

Sohn, Chan Wok; Kim, Hyunae; You, Bo Ram; Kim, Min Jee; Kim, Hyo Jin; Lee, Ji Yeon; Sok, Dai-Eun; Kim, Jin Hee; Lee, Kun Jong

2012-01-01

Abstract Garlic protects against degenerative diseases such as hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular diseases. However, raw garlic has a strong pungency, which is unpleasant. In this study, we examined the effect of high temperature/high pressure-processed garlic on plasma lipid profiles in rats. Sprague–Dawley rats were fed a normal control diet, a high cholesterol (0.5% cholesterol) diet (HCD) only, or a high cholesterol diet supplemented with 0.5% high temperature/high pressure-processed garlic (HCP) or raw garlic (HCR) for 10 weeks. The body weights of the rats fed the garlic-supplemented diets decreased, mostly because of reduced fat pad weights. Plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) in the HCP and HCR groups decreased significantly compared with those in the HCD group. Additionally, fecal TC and TG increased significantly in the HCP and HCR groups. It is notable that no significant differences in plasma or fecal lipid profiles were observed between the HCP and HCR groups. High temperature/high pressure-processed garlic contained a higher amount of S-allyl cysteine than raw garlic (P<.05). The results suggest that high temperature/high pressure-processed garlic may be useful as a functional food to improve lipid profiles. PMID:22404600

Remotely operated high pressure valve protects test personnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Howland, B. T.

1967-01-01

High pressure valve used in testing certain spacecraft systems is safely opened and closed by a remotely stationed operator. The valve is self-regulating in that if the incoming pressure drops below a desired value the valve will automatically close, warning the operator that the testing pressure has dropped to an undesired level.

High-pressure tolerance of earthworm fibrinolytic and digestive enzymes.

PubMed

Akazawa, Shin-Ichi; Tokuyama, Haruka; Sato, Shunsuke; Watanabe, Toshinori; Shida, Yosuke; Ogasawara, Wataru

2018-02-01

Earthworms contain several digestive and therapeutic enzymes that are beneficial to our health and useful for biomass utilization. Specifically, earthworms contain potent fibrinolytic enzymes called lumbrokinases, which are highly stable even at room temperature and remain active in dried earthworm powder. However, the high-temperature sterilization method leads to the inactivation of enzymes. Therefore, we investigated the effect of high-pressure treatment (HPT) (from 0.1 MPa to 500 MPa at 25°C and 50°C) on the enzymatic activity of lumbrokinase (LK), α-amylase (AMY), endoglucanase (EG), β-glucosidase (BGL), and lipase (LP) of the earthworm Eisenia fetida, Waki strain, and its sterilization ability in producing dietary supplement. LK showed thermo- and high-pressure tolerance. In addition, HPT may have resulted in pressure-induced stabilization and activation of LK. Although AMY activity was maintained up to 400 MPa at 25°C, the apparent activity decreased slightly at 50°C with HPT. EG showed almost the same pattern as AMY. However, it is possible that the effects of temperature and pressure compensated each other under 100 MPa at 50°C. BGL was shown to be a pressure- and temperature-sensitive enzyme, and LP showed a thermo- and high-pressure tolerance. The slight decrease in apparent activity occurred under 200 MPa at both temperatures. Furthermore, the low-temperature and pressure treatment completely sterilized the samples. These results provide a basis for the development of a novel earthworm dietary supplement with fibrinolytic and digestive activity and of high-pressure-tolerant enzymes to be used for biomass pretreatment. Copyright © 2017 The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

VizieR Online Data Catalog: Tori in AGNs through Spitzer/IRS spectra (Gonzalez-Martin+, 2017)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gonzalez-Martin, O.; Masegosa, J.; Hernan-Caballero, A.; Marquez, I.; Almeida, C. R.; Alonso-Herrero, A.; Aretxaga, I.; Rodriguez-Espinosa, J. M.; Acosta-Pulido, J. A.; Hernandez-Garcia, L.; Esparza-Arredondo, D.; Martinez-Paredes, M.; Bonfini, P.; Pasetto, A.; Dultzin, D.

2018-01-01

The sample was originally presented by Gonzalez-Martin+ (2015, J/A+A/578/A74). The LINER sample is selected as those objects with reported X-ray luminosities from Gonzalez-Martin+ (2009A&A...506.1107G) with full coverage of the 5-30um range with the InfraRed Spectrograph (Spitzer/IRS) spectra. This guarantees that all of the LINERs have LX(2-10keV) measurements. Among the 48 LINERs with Spitzer/IRS spectra, 40 mid-infrared spectra were taken from the CASSIS atlas (Lebouteiller+ 2011ApJS..196....8L) and 8 from the SINGS database (Kennicutt+ 2003PASP..115..928K). We have included in our analysis mid-infrared spatially resolved images taken with CanariCam/GTC using the filter "Si6" centered at 11.5um. These observations are part of proprietary data of a sample of faint and Compton-thick LINERs observed with CanariCam/GTC (proposal ID GTC10-14A, P.I. Gonzalez-Martin). The summary of the observations used in this paper is reported in Table 4. See section 3.2 for further explanations. (5 data files).

Modeling conductive heat transfer during high-pressure thawing processes: determination of latent heat as a function of pressure.

PubMed

Denys, S; Van Loey, A M; Hendrickx, M E

2000-01-01

A numerical heat transfer model for predicting product temperature profiles during high-pressure thawing processes was recently proposed by the authors. In the present work, the predictive capacity of the model was considerably improved by taking into account the pressure dependence of the latent heat of the product that was used (Tylose). The effect of pressure on the latent heat of Tylose was experimentally determined by a series of freezing experiments conducted at different pressure levels. By combining a numerical heat transfer model for freezing processes with a least sum of squares optimization procedure, the corresponding latent heat at each pressure level was estimated, and the obtained pressure relation was incorporated in the original high-pressure thawing model. Excellent agreement with the experimental temperature profiles for both high-pressure freezing and thawing was observed.

New Experimental Setup for High-Pressure High-Temperature Gigahertz Ultrasonic Interferometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kantor, A. P.; Kantor, I. Y.; Dubrovinsky, L. S.; Jacobsen, S. D.

2005-12-01

The only direct information about Earth's interior comes from seismological observations of sound wave velocities. In order to create compositional and mineralogical model from seismological data knowledge of the elastic properties and crystal chemistry of minerals is necessary. Gigahertz ultrasonic interferometry (GUI) is a relatively new tool used to measure single-crystal compressional and shear-wave travel times, which are converted to sound velocities and elastic moduli for direct application to problems in geophysics. Although possibility of simultaneous high-pressure and high-temperature GUI measurements in diamond anvil cell was demonstrated before up to temperature of 250°C, in situ pressure measurements were not possible. We developed new experimental setup for simultaneous GUI and pressure determination using a ruby fluorescence gouge. A diamond anvil cell is equipped with a miniature internal resistive heater with thermocouple fixed at a very small distance from the sample chamber. DAC is mounted at the rotating stage with 5 degrees of freedom (XYZ and two tilting degrees), that can be fixed in three different positions: on top of a P-buffer rod for compressional wave velocities measurement, on top of S-buffer rod for shear wave velocities measurement and under the microscope, equipped with laser and portable high-resolution spectrometer for ruby fluorescence measurement. DAC under high temperature could be moved between these three positions, and independent pressure, temperature, S and P wave velocities measurements could be done simultaneously at each data point. In addition to single-crystal elasticity measurements, ability of GUI for elasticity measurements of liquids was demonstrated. Compressional wave velocities in liquid argon were measured at high pressures and temperatures, showing the ability of GUI for studies equation of state of a liquid.

Semicircular Canal Pressure Changes During High-intensity Acoustic Stimulation.

PubMed

Maxwell, Anne K; Banakis Hartl, Renee M; Greene, Nathaniel T; Benichoux, Victor; Mattingly, Jameson K; Cass, Stephen P; Tollin, Daniel J

2017-08-01

Acoustic stimulation generates measurable sound pressure levels in the semicircular canals. High-intensity acoustic stimuli can cause hearing loss and balance disruptions. To examine the propagation of acoustic stimuli to the vestibular end-organs, we simultaneously measured fluid pressure in the cochlea and semicircular canals during both air- and bone-conducted sound presentation. Five full-cephalic human cadaveric heads were prepared bilaterally with a mastoidectomy and extended facial recess. Vestibular pressures were measured within the superior, lateral, and posterior semicircular canals, and referenced to intracochlear pressure within the scala vestibuli with fiber-optic pressure probes. Pressures were measured concurrently with laser Doppler vibrometry measurements of stapes velocity during stimulation with both air- and bone-conduction. Stimuli were pure tones between 100 Hz and 14 kHz presented with custom closed-field loudspeakers for air-conducted sounds and via commercially available bone-anchored device for bone-conducted sounds. Pressures recorded in the superior, lateral, and posterior semicircular canals in response to sound stimulation were equal to or greater in magnitude than those recorded in the scala vestibuli (up to 20 dB higher). The pressure magnitudes varied across canals in a frequency-dependent manner. High sound pressure levels were recorded in the semicircular canals with sound stimulation, suggesting that similar acoustical energy is transmitted to the semicircular canals and the cochlea. Since these intralabyrinthine pressures exceed intracochlear pressure levels, our results suggest that the vestibular end-organs may also be at risk for injury during exposure to high-intensity acoustic stimuli known to cause trauma in the auditory system.

Applications of High and Ultra High Pressure Homogenization for Food Safety.

PubMed

Patrignani, Francesca; Lanciotti, Rosalba

2016-01-01

Traditionally, the shelf-life and safety of foods have been achieved by thermal processing. Low temperature long time and high temperature short time treatments are the most commonly used hurdles for the pasteurization of fluid foods and raw materials. However, the thermal treatments can reduce the product quality and freshness. Consequently, some non-thermal pasteurization process have been proposed during the last decades, including high hydrostatic pressure, pulsed electric field, ultrasound (US), and high pressure homogenization (HPH). This last technique has been demonstrated to have a great potential to provide "fresh-like" products with prolonged shelf-life. Moreover, the recent developments in high-pressure-homogenization technology and the design of new homogenization valves able to withstand pressures up to 350-400 MPa have opened new opportunities to homogenization processing in the food industries and, consequently, permitted the development of new products differentiated from traditional ones by sensory and structural characteristics or functional properties. For this, this review deals with the principal mechanisms of action of HPH against microorganisms of food concern in relation to the adopted homogenizer and process parameters. In addition, the effects of homogenization on foodborne pathogenic species inactivation in relation to the food matrix and food chemico-physical and process variables will be reviewed. Also the combined use of this alternative technology with other non-thermal technologies will be considered.

Applications of High and Ultra High Pressure Homogenization for Food Safety

PubMed Central

Patrignani, Francesca; Lanciotti, Rosalba

2016-01-01

Traditionally, the shelf-life and safety of foods have been achieved by thermal processing. Low temperature long time and high temperature short time treatments are the most commonly used hurdles for the pasteurization of fluid foods and raw materials. However, the thermal treatments can reduce the product quality and freshness. Consequently, some non-thermal pasteurization process have been proposed during the last decades, including high hydrostatic pressure, pulsed electric field, ultrasound (US), and high pressure homogenization (HPH). This last technique has been demonstrated to have a great potential to provide “fresh-like” products with prolonged shelf-life. Moreover, the recent developments in high-pressure-homogenization technology and the design of new homogenization valves able to withstand pressures up to 350–400 MPa have opened new opportunities to homogenization processing in the food industries and, consequently, permitted the development of new products differentiated from traditional ones by sensory and structural characteristics or functional properties. For this, this review deals with the principal mechanisms of action of HPH against microorganisms of food concern in relation to the adopted homogenizer and process parameters. In addition, the effects of homogenization on foodborne pathogenic species inactivation in relation to the food matrix and food chemico-physical and process variables will be reviewed. Also the combined use of this alternative technology with other non-thermal technologies will be considered. PMID:27536270

Preconcentrator with high volume chiller for high vapor pressure particle detection

DOEpatents

Linker, Kevin L

2013-10-22

Apparatus and method for collecting particles of both high and low vapor pressure target materials entrained in a large volume sample gas stream. Large volume active cooling provides a cold air supply which is mixed with the sample gas stream to reduce the vapor pressure of the particles. In embodiments, a chiller cools air from ambient conditions to 0-15.degree. C. with the volumetric flow rate of the cold air supply being at least equal to the volumetric flow rate of the sample gas stream. In further embodiments an adsorption media is heated in at least two stages, a first of which is below a threshold temperature at which decomposition products of the high vapor pressure particle are generated.

In situ high-pressure measurement of crystal solubility by using neutron diffraction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Ji; Hu, Qiwei; Fang, Leiming; He, Duanwei; Chen, Xiping; Xie, Lei; Chen, Bo; Li, Xin; Ni, Xiaolin; Fan, Cong; Liang, Akun

2018-05-01

Crystal solubility is one of the most important thermo-physical properties and plays a key role in industrial applications, fundamental science, and geoscientific research. However, high-pressure in situ measurements of crystal solubility remain very challenging. Here, we present a method involving high-pressure neutron diffraction for making high-precision in situ measurements of crystal solubility as a function of pressure over a wide range of pressures. For these experiments, we designed a piston-cylinder cell with a large chamber volume for high-pressure neutron diffraction. The solution pressures are continuously monitored in situ based on the equation of state of the sample crystal. The solubility at a high pressure can be obtained by applying a Rietveld quantitative multiphase analysis. To evaluate the proposed method, we measured the high-pressure solubility of NaCl in water up to 610 MPa. At a low pressure, the results are consistent with the previous results measured ex situ. At a higher pressure, more reliable data could be provided by using an in situ high-pressure neutron diffraction method.

High Blood Pressure and Cold Remedies: Which Are Safe?

MedlinePlus

... counter cold remedies safe for people who have high blood pressure? Answers from Sheldon G. Sheps, M.D. Over- ... remedies aren't off-limits if you have high blood pressure, but it's important to make careful choices. Among ...

Spontaneous Raman Scattering Diagnostics for High-pressure Gaseous Flames

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kojima, Jun; Nguyen, Quang-Viet; Reddy, D. R. (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

A high-pressure (up to 60 atm) gaseous burner facility with optical access that provides steady, reproducible flames with high precision, and the ability to use multiple fuel/oxidizer combinations has been developed. In addition, a high-performance spontaneous Raman scattering system for use in the above facility has also been developed. Together, the two systems will be used to acquire and establish a comprehensive Raman scattering spectral database for use as a quantitative high-pressure calibration of single-shot Raman scattering measurements in high-pressure combustion systems. Using these facilities, the Raman spectra of H2-Air flames were successfully measured at pressures up to 20 atm. The spectra demonstrated clear rotational and ro-vibrational Raman features of H2, N2, and H2O. theoretical Raman spectra of pure rotational H2, vibrational H2, and vibrational N2 were calculated using a classical harmonic-oscillator model with pressure broadening effects and fitted to the data. At a gas temperature of 1889 K for a phi = 1.34 H2-Air flame, the model and the data showed good agreement, confirming a ro-vibrational equilibrium temperature.

Generalization of low pressure, gas-liquid, metastable sound speed to high pressures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bursik, J. W.; Hall, R. M.

1981-01-01

A theory is developed for isentropic metastable sound propagation in high pressure gas-liquid mixtures. Without simplification, it also correctly predicts the minimum speed for low pressure air-water measurements where other authors are forced to postulate isothermal propagation. This is accomplished by a mixture heat capacity ratio which automatically adjusts from its single phase values to approximately the isothermal value of unity needed for the minimum speed. Computations are made for the pure components parahydrogen and nitrogen, with emphasis on the latter. With simplifying assumptions, the theory reduces to a well known approximate formula limited to low pressure.

How to Prevent High Blood Pressure: MedlinePlus Health Topic

MedlinePlus

... Be Part of a Healthy Diet? (American Heart Association) Can Whole-Grain Foods Lower Blood Pressure? (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in Spanish Changes You Can Make to Manage High Blood Pressure (American Heart ... Common High Blood Pressure Myths (American Heart Association) ...

Semiconductor nanomembrane-based sensors for high frequency pressure measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ruan, Hang; Kang, Yuhong; Homer, Michelle; Claus, Richard O.; Mayo, David; Sibold, Ridge; Jones, Tyler; Ng, Wing

2017-04-01

This paper demonstrates improvements on semiconductor nanomembrane based high frequency pressure sensors that utilize silicon on insulator techniques in combination with nanocomposite materials. The low-modulus, conformal nanomembrane sensor skins with integrated interconnect elements and electronic devices could be applied to vehicles or wind tunnel models for full spectrum pressure analysis. Experimental data demonstrates that: 1) silicon nanomembrane may be used as single pressure sensor transducers and elements in sensor arrays, 2) the arrays may be instrumented to map pressure over the surfaces of test articles over a range of Reynolds numbers, temperature and other environmental conditions, 3) in the high frequency range, the sensor is comparable to the commercial high frequency sensor, and 4) in the low frequency range, the sensor is much better than the commercial sensor. This supports the claim that nanomembrane pressure sensors may be used for wide bandwidth flow analysis.

Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 8): Martin Marietta Astronautics Group site, Waterton, CO. (First remedial action), September 1990. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1990-09-24

The 5,200-acre Martin Marietta, Denver Aerospace site is in Waterton, Jefferson County, Colorado. The site completely surrounds 464 acres of contaminated Air Force property, which is being addressed as a separate Superfund site. Since 1950, the Martin Marietta Aeronautics Group (MMAG) has been conducting high technology engineering, design, development, and manufacturing operations for the space industry onsite. Types of wastes generated during onsite activities include oils, metals, organic solvents, wastewater, chemical process sludges, and VOCs. From 1959 to 1980, untreated, highly concentrated waste from onsite activities was disposed of in five onsite ponds, referred to as the Inactive Site Pondsmore » Area. Previous site remediations by MMAG from 1969 to 1985 did not address contaminant sources or migration, but included backfilling and regarding of the Rifle Range Landfill. The Record of Decision (ROD) addresses remediation of onsite contaminated soil, waste/debris, and ground water. The primary contaminants of concern are VOCs including TCE; toluene, and xylenes; other organics including PCBs, pesticides, and phenols; and metals including chromium and lead.« less

High Blood Pressure, Afib and Your Risk of Stroke

MedlinePlus

... Peripheral Artery Disease Venous Thromboembolism Aortic Aneurysm More High Blood Pressure, AFib and Your Risk of Stroke Updated:Aug ... have a stroke for the first time have high blood pressure . And an irregular atrial heart rhythm — a condition ...

High Pressure Hydrogen Pressure Relief Devices: Accelerated Life Testing and Application Best Practices

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Burgess, Robert M.; Post, Matthew B.; Buttner, William J.

Pressure relief devices (PRDs ) are used to protect high pressure systems from burst failure caused by overpressurization. Codes and standards require the use of PRDs for the safe design of many pressurized systems. These systems require high reliability due to the risks associated with a burst failure. Hydrogen service can increase the risk of PRD failure due to material property degradation caused by hydrogen attack. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has conducted an accelerated life test on a conventional spring loaded PRD. Based on previous failures in the field, the nozzles specific to these PRDs are of particularmore » interest. A nozzle in a PRD is a small part that directs the flow of fluid toward the sealing surface to maintain the open state of the valve once the spring force is overcome. The nozzle in this specific PRD is subjected to the full tensile force of the fluid pressure. These nozzles are made from 440C material, which is a type of hardened steel that is commonly chosen for high pressure applications because of its high strength properties. In a hydrogen environment, however, 440C is considered a worst case material since hydrogen attack results in a loss of almost all ductility and thus 440C is prone to fatigue and material failure. Accordingly, 440C is not recommended for hydrogen service. Conducting an accelerated life test on a PRD with 440C material provides information on necessary and sufficient conditions required to produce crack initiation and failure. The accelerated life test also provides information on other PRD failure modes that are somewhat statistically random in nature.« less

Confinement of hydrogen at high pressure in carbon nanotubes

DOEpatents

Lassila, David H [Aptos, CA; Bonner, Brian P [Livermore, CA

2011-12-13

A high pressure hydrogen confinement apparatus according to one embodiment includes carbon nanotubes capped at one or both ends thereof with a hydrogen-permeable membrane to enable the high pressure confinement of hydrogen and release of the hydrogen therethrough. A hydrogen confinement apparatus according to another embodiment includes an array of multi-walled carbon nanotubes each having first and second ends, the second ends being capped with palladium (Pd) to enable the high pressure confinement of hydrogen and release of the hydrogen therethrough as a function of palladium temperature, wherein the array of carbon nanotubes is capable of storing hydrogen gas at a pressure of at least 1 GPa for greater than 24 hours. Additional apparatuses and methods are also presented.

Empiricism, Scientism, and Sciolism in Psychological Counselling and Therapy: Reaction to Martin.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barak, Azy

1995-01-01

Reacts to Martin's (1995) essay concerning scientism in psychotherapy. Argues that the lack of understanding concerning the effectiveness of psychotherapy is reason for further examination, rather than a questioning of principles of research. The limited observation and measurement means of the behavioral sciences may account for the significant…

Effect of high hydrostatic pressure and high dynamic pressure on stability and rheological properties of model oil-in-water emulsions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bigikocin, Erman; Mert, Behic; Alpas, Hami

2011-09-01

Both static and dynamic high pressure applications provide interesting modifications in food structures which lead to new product formulations. In this study, the effects of two different treatments, high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and high dynamic pressure (HDP), on oil-in-water emulsions were identified and compared. Microfluidization was selected from among the HDP homogenization techniques. The performance of each process was analyzed in terms of rheological modifications and emulsion stability improvements compared with the coarse emulsions. The stability of the emulsions was determined comparatively by using an analytical photo-centrifuge device employing novel analysis technology. Whey protein isolate (WPI) in combination with a food polysaccharide (xanthan gum, guar gum or locust bean gum) were used as emulsifying and stabilizing ingredients. The effective disruption of oil droplets and the degradation of polysaccharides by the shear forces under high pressure in HDP microfluidization yielded finer emulsions with lower viscosities, leading to distinctive improvements in emulsion stability. On the other hand, improvements in stability obtained with HHP treatment were due to the thickening of the emulsions mainly induced by protein unfolding. The corresponding increases in viscosity were intensified in emulsion formulations containing higher oil content. Apart from these, HHP treatment was found to be relatively more contributive to the enhancements in viscoelastic properties.

Antibodies under pressure: A Small-Angle X-ray Scattering study of Immunoglobulin G under high hydrostatic pressure.

PubMed

König, Nico; Paulus, Michael; Julius, Karin; Schulze, Julian; Voetz, Matthias; Tolan, Metin

2017-12-01

In the present work two subclasses of the human antibody Immunoglobulin G (IgG) have been investigated by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering under high hydrostatic pressures up to 5kbar. It is shown that IgG adopts a symmetric T-shape in solution which differs significantly from available crystal structures. Moreover, high-pressure experiments verify the high stability of the IgG molecule. It is not unfolded by hydrostatic pressures of up to 5kbar but a slight increase of the radius of gyration was observed at elevated pressures. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Development of a high temperature capacitive pressure transducer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Egger, R. L.

1977-01-01

High temperature pressure transducers capable of continuous operation while exposed to 650 C were developed and evaluated over a full-scale differential pressure range of + or - 69 kPa. The design of the pressure transducers was based on the use of a diaphragm to respond to pressure, variable capacitive elements arranged to operate as a differential capacitor to measure diaphragm response and on the use of fused silica for the diaphragm and its supporting assembly. The uncertainty associated with measuring + or - 69 kPa pressures between 20C and 650C was less than + or - 6%.

Adapter assembly prevents damage to tubing during high pressure tests

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stinett, L. L.

1965-01-01

Portable adapter assembly prevents damage to tubing and injury to personnel when pressurizing a system or during high pressure tests. The assembly is capable of withstanding high pressure. It is securely attached to the tubing stub end and may be removed without brazing, cutting or cleaning the tube.

Research on viscosity of metal at high pressure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Y.; Liu, F.; Ma, X.; Zhang, M.

2016-11-01

A new experimental technique, the flyer-impact method, is proposed in this article to investigate the viscosity coefficient of shocked metals. In this technique, a shock wave with a sinusoidal perturbation on the front is induced by the sinusoidal profile of the impact surface of the sample by use of a two-stage light-gas gun, and the oscillatory damping process of the perturbation amplitude is monitored by electric pins. The damping processes of aluminum at 78 and 101 GPa and iron at 159 and 103 GPa are obtained by this technique, which supplement the existing data by measuring the viscosity coefficient via a dynamic high-pressure method. Applying the formula of Miller and Ahrens to fit the experimental data, the shear viscosity coefficients of aluminum at 78 and 101 GPa are 1350 ± 500 and 1200 ± 500 Pa s, respectively, and those of iron at 159 and 103 GPa are 1150 ± 1000 and 4800 ± 1000 Pa s, respectively. The values measured by the flyer-impact method, approximately 103 Pa s, are consistent with those measured by Sakharov's method, while still greatly differing from those measured by static high-pressure methods. In dynamic high-pressure experiments, the shear viscosity is related to dislocation motion in the solid material, while that in static high-pressure experiments is related to the diffusion motion of atoms or molecules in liquids. Therefore, there are different physical meanings of shear viscosity in dynamic and static high-pressure experiments, and there is no comparability among these results.

Anomalous perovskite PbRuO3 stabilized under high pressure

PubMed Central

Cheng, J.-G.; Kweon, K. E.; Zhou, J.-S.; Alonso, J. A.; Kong, P.-P.; Liu, Y.; Jin, Changqing; Wu, Junjie; Lin, Jung-Fu; Larregola, S. A.; Yang, Wenge; Shen, Guoyin; MacDonald, A. H.; Manthiram, Arumugam; Hwang, G. S.; Goodenough, John B.

2013-01-01

Perovskite oxides ABO3 are important materials used as components in electronic devices. The highly compact crystal structure consists of a framework of corner-shared BO6 octahedra enclosing the A-site cations. Because of these structural features, forming a strong bond between A and B cations is highly unlikely and has not been reported in the literature. Here we report a pressure-induced first-order transition in PbRuO3 from a common orthorhombic phase (Pbnm) to an orthorhombic phase (Pbn21) at 32 GPa by using synchrotron X-ray diffraction. This transition has been further verified with resistivity measurements and Raman spectra under high pressure. In contrast to most well-studied perovskites under high pressure, the Pbn21 phase of PbRuO3 stabilized at high pressure is a polar perovskite. More interestingly, the Pbn21 phase has the most distorted octahedra and a shortest Pb—Ru bond length relative to the average Pb—Ru bond length that has ever been reported in a perovskite structure. We have also simulated the behavior of the PbRuO3 perovskite under high pressure by first principles calculations. The calculated critical pressure for the phase transition and evolution of lattice parameters under pressure match the experimental results quantitatively. Our calculations also reveal that the hybridization between a Ru:t2g orbital and an sp hybrid on Pb increases dramatically in the Pbnm phase under pressure. This pressure-induced change destabilizes the Pbnm phase to give a phase transition to the Pbn21 phase where electrons in the overlapping orbitals form bonding and antibonding states along the shortest Ru—Pb direction at P > Pc. PMID:24277807

Nursing Education in High Blood Pressure Control. Report of the Task Force on the Role of Nursing in High Blood Pressure Control.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Institutes of Health (DHEW), Bethesda, MD. High Blood Pressure Information Center.

This curriculum guide on high blood pressure (hypertension) for nursing educators has five sections: (1) Introduction and Objectives provides information regarding the establishment and objectives of the National Task Force on the Role of Nursing in High Blood Pressure Control and briefly discusses nursing's role in hypertension control; (2) Goals…

Ignition of contaminants by impact of high-pressure oxygen

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pedley, Michael D.; Pao, Jenn-Hai; Bamford, Larry; Williams, Ralph E.; Plante, Barry

1988-01-01

The ignition of oil-film contaminants in high-pressure gaseous oxygen systems, caused by rapid pressurization, was investigated using the NASA/White Sands Test Facility's large-volume pneumatic impact test system. The test section consisted of stainless steel lines, contaminated on the inside surface with known amounts of Mobil DTE 24 oil and closed at one end, which was attached to a high-pressure oxygen system; the test section was pressurized to 48 MPa by opening a high-speed valve. Ignition of the oil was detected by a photocell attached to the closed end of the line. It was found that the frequency of ignition increased as a function of both the concentration of oil and of the pressure of the impacting oxygen. The threshold of ignition was between 25 and 65 mg/sq m. The results were correlated with the present NASA and Compressed Gas Association requirements for maximum levels of organic contaminants.

Development of high pressure-high vacuum-high conductance piston valve for gas-filled radiation detectors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prasad, D. N.; Ayyappan, R.; Kamble, L. P.; Singh, J. P.; Muralikrishna, L. V.; Alex, M.; Balagi, V.; Mukhopadhyay, P. K.

2008-05-01

Gas-filled radiation detectors need gas filling at pressures that range from few cms of mercury to as high as 25kg/cm2 at room temperature. Before gas-filling these detectors require evacuation to a vacuum of the order of ~1 × 10-5 mbar. For these operations of evacuation and gas filling a system consisting of a vacuum pump with a high vacuum gauge, gas cylinder with a pressure gauge and a valve is used. The valve has to meet the three requirements of compatibility with high-pressure and high vacuum and high conductance. A piston valve suitable for the evacuation and gas filling of radiation detectors has been designed and fabricated to meet the above requirements. The stainless steel body (80mm×160mm overall dimensions) valve with a piston arrangement has a 1/2 inch inlet/outlet opening, neoprene/viton O-ring at piston face & diameter for sealing and a knob for opening and closing the valve. The piston movement mechanism is designed to have minimum wear of sealing O-rings. The valve has been hydrostatic pressure tested up to 75bars and has Helium leak rate of less than 9.6×10-9 m bar ltr/sec in vacuum mode and 2×10-7 mbar ltr/sec in pressure mode. As compared to a commercial diaphragm valve, which needed 3 hours to evacuate a 7 litre chamber to 2.5×10-5 mbar, the new valve achieved vacuum 7.4×10-6mbar in the same time under the same conditions.

Fighting Fair. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. for Kids. Second Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schmidt, Fran; Friedman, Alice

This curriculum guide for grades 4 through 9 uses the life and work of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., to teach conflict resolution and to explore the philosophy of non-violence for daily life. To enable students to learn and apply non-violence, it must be modeled in a classroom environment that builds trust and a sense of community. Each of the…

Ethics, Interpretation, and Pedagogy: Martin Buber and the Undergraduate Literature Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dew, Spencer

2007-01-01

Martin Buber, widely recognized as a philosopher and theologian, frequently lauded as a prophet, said at a celebration of his 80th birthday, "I am no philosopher, prophet, or theologian. I am simply a man who has seen something and who goes to a window and points to what he has seen." In this article, Spencer Dew calls that statement a…

Gender Anarchy as Social Justice: An Analytic Reconstruction of the Idea of Epistemic Equality in Jane Roland Martin's "Reclaiming a Conversation"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seals, Greg

2006-01-01

Jane Roland Martin's later work, especially as represented in "The Schoolhome: Rethinking Schools for Changing Families," has been attacked as vague, essentialistic, and a formula for the (re)feminization of education. This paper does not attempt to defend Martin against these criticisms because such a defense seems impossible for…

Talent Developed: Conversations with Masters in the Arts and Sciences. Martin Seligman.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Subotnik, Rena F.

2000-01-01

This interview with Martin Seligman, a past-president of the American Psychological Association and the author of seminal works in the areas of both learned helplessness and optimism, discusses his interest in positive psychology and giftedness, fostering creative genius, his childhood and move from philosophy to psychology, and future plans.…

Maintenance of breast milk Immunoglobulin A after high-pressure processing.

PubMed

Permanyer, M; Castellote, C; Ramírez-Santana, C; Audí, C; Pérez-Cano, F J; Castell, M; López-Sabater, M C; Franch, A

2010-03-01

Human milk is considered the optimal nutritional source for infants. Banked human milk is processed using low-temperature, long-time pasteurization, which assures microbial safety but involves heat denaturation of some desirable milk components such as IgA. High-pressure processing technology, the subject of the current research, has shown minimal destruction of food macromolecules. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of pressure treatments on IgA content. Moreover, bacterial load was evaluated after pressure treatments. The effects of high-pressure processing on milk IgA content were compared with those of low-temperature, long-time pasteurization. Mature human milk samples were heat treated at 62.5 degrees C for 30min or pressure processed at 400, 500, or 600MPa for 5min at 12 degrees C. An indirect ELISA was used to measure IgA in human milk whey obtained after centrifugation at 800xg for 10min at 4 degrees C. All 3 high-pressure treatments were as effective as low-temperature, long-time pasteurization in reducing the bacterial population of the human milk samples studied. After human milk pressure processing at 400MPa, 100% of IgA content was preserved in milk whey, whereas only 72% was retained in pasteurized milk whey. The higher pressure conditions of 500 and 600MPa produced IgA retention of 87.9 and 69.3%, respectively. These results indicate that high-pressure processing at 400MPa for 5min at 12 degrees C maintains the immunological protective capacity associated with IgA antibodies. This preliminary study suggests that high-pressure processing may be a promising alternative to pasteurization in human milk banking.

Martin Robison Delany (1812-1885): physician, black separatist, explorer, soldier.

PubMed

Rosenfeld, L

1989-09-01

Martin Robison Delany's great contribution to American life and black history stems from his defiant blackness. He was America's first "Black Nationalist" and the intense embodiment of black pride. Ever changing in his career, he always identified with the black experience and its place in history. In an active life he was doctor, dentist, orator, editor, publisher, Harvard medical student, explorer, dabbler in Central American politics, army officer, and Reconstruction office seeker.

High-order perturbations of a spherical collapsing star

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brizuela, David; Martin-Garcia, Jose M.; Sperhake, Ulrich

2010-11-15

A formalism to deal with high-order perturbations of a general spherical background was developed in earlier work [D. Brizuela, J. M. Martin-Garcia, and G. A. Mena Marugan, Phys. Rev. D 74, 044039 (2006); D. Brizuela, J. M. Martin-Garcia, and G. A. Mena Marugan, Phys. Rev. D 76, 024004 (2007)]. In this paper, we apply it to the particular case of a perfect fluid background. We have expressed the perturbations of the energy-momentum tensor at any order in terms of the perturbed fluid's pressure, density, and velocity. In general, these expressions are not linear and have sources depending on lower-order perturbations.more » For the second-order case we make the explicit decomposition of these sources in tensor spherical harmonics. Then, a general procedure is given to evolve the perturbative equations of motions of the perfect fluid for any value of the harmonic label. Finally, with the problem of a spherical collapsing star in mind, we discuss the high-order perturbative matching conditions across a timelike surface, in particular, the surface separating the perfect fluid interior from the exterior vacuum.« less

The Effect of Job Strain on Nighttime Blood Pressure Dipping among Men and Women with High Blood Pressure

PubMed Central

Fan, Lin-bo; Blumenthal, James A.; Hinderliter, Alan L.; Sherwood, Andrew

2013-01-01

Objectives Blunted nighttime blood pressure dipping is an established cardiovascular risk factor. This study examined the effect of job strain on nighttime blood pressure dipping among men and women with high blood pressure. Methods The sample consisted of 122 blue collar and white collar workers (men=72, women=50). Job psychological demands, job control and social support were measured by the Job Content Questionnaire. Job strain was assessed by the ratio of job demands/job control. Nighttime blood pressure dipping was evaluated from 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring performed on three workdays. Results Men with high job strain had a 5.4 mm Hg higher sleep systolic blood pressure (P=0.03) and 3.5 mm Hg higher sleep pulse pressure (P=0.02) compared to men with low job strain. Men with high job strain had a smaller fall in systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure from awake to sleep than those with low job strain (P<0.05). Hierarchical analyses showed that job strain was an independent determinant of systolic blood pressure dipping (P=0.03) among men after adjusting for ethnicity, body mass index, anxiety and depression symptoms, current smoking status, and alcohol consumption. Further exploratory analyses indicated that job control was the salient component of job strain associated with blood pressure dipping (p=.03). Conclusions High job strain is associated with a blunting of the normal diurnal variation in blood pressure and pulse pressure, which may contribute to the relationship between job strain and cardiovascular disease. PMID:22460541

High pressure transport and structural studies on Nb 3Ga superconductor

DOE PAGES

Mkrtcheyan, Vahe; Kumar, Ravhi; Baker, Jason; ...

2014-11-24

We investigated the crystal structure of A-15 superconductor Nb 3Ga with a critical temperature T c = 16.5 K by high pressure x-ray diffraction (HPXRD) using synchrotron x-rays and a diamond anvil cell under Ne pressure medium. Furthermore, the high pressure structural results indicate that Nb 3Ga is stable up to 41 GPa. The P-V plot shows an anomaly around 15 GPa even though there are no pressure induced structural transitions are observed. High pressure resistance measurements were performed up to 0.5 GPa to understand the variation of T c under pressure. Finally, our results show a positive pressure effectmore » on T c.« less

High pressure extraction of phenolic compounds from citrus peels†

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Casquete, R.; Castro, S. M.; Villalobos, M. C.; Serradilla, M. J.; Queirós, R. P.; Saraiva, J. A.; Córdoba, M. G.; Teixeira, P.

2014-10-01

This study evaluated the effect of high pressure processing on the recovery of high added value compounds from citrus peels. Overall, the total phenolic content in orange peel was significantly (P < .05) higher than that in lemon peel, except when pressure treated at 500 MPa. However, lemon peel demonstrated more antioxidant activity than orange peel. Pressure-treated samples (300 MPa, 10 min; 500 MPa, 3 min) demonstrated higher phenolic content and antioxidant activity comparatively to the control samples. For more severe treatments (500 MPa, 10 min), the phenolic content and antioxidant activity decreased in both lemon and orange peels. This paper was presented at the 8th International Conference on High Pressure Bioscience & Biotechnology (HPBB 2014), in Nantes (France), 15-18 July 2014.

Diamond anvil cell for spectroscopic investigation of materials at high temperature, high pressure and shear

DOEpatents

Westerfield, Curtis L.; Morris, John S.; Agnew, Stephen F.

1997-01-01

Diamond anvil cell for spectroscopic investigation of materials at high temperature, high pressure and shear. A cell is described which, in combination with Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, permits the spectroscopic investigation of boundary layers under conditions of high temperature, high pressure and shear.

High Temperature Dynamic Pressure Measurements Using Silicon Carbide Pressure Sensors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Okojie, Robert S.; Meredith, Roger D.; Chang, Clarence T.; Savrun, Ender

2014-01-01

Un-cooled, MEMS-based silicon carbide (SiC) static pressure sensors were used for the first time to measure pressure perturbations at temperatures as high as 600 C during laboratory characterization, and subsequently evaluated in a combustor rig operated under various engine conditions to extract the frequencies that are associated with thermoacoustic instabilities. One SiC sensor was placed directly in the flow stream of the combustor rig while a benchmark commercial water-cooled piezoceramic dynamic pressure transducer was co-located axially but kept some distance away from the hot flow stream. In the combustor rig test, the SiC sensor detected thermoacoustic instabilities across a range of engine operating conditions, amplitude magnitude as low as 0.5 psi at 585 C, in good agreement with the benchmark piezoceramic sensor. The SiC sensor experienced low signal to noise ratio at higher temperature, primarily due to the fact that it was a static sensor with low sensitivity.

High pressure and multiferroics materials: a happy marriage

PubMed Central

Gilioli, Edmondo; Ehm, Lars

2014-01-01

The community of material scientists is strongly committed to the research area of multiferroic materials, both for the understanding of the complex mechanisms supporting the multiferroism and for the fabrication of new compounds, potentially suitable for technological applications. The use of high pressure is a powerful tool in synthesizing new multiferroic, in particular magneto-electric phases, where the pressure stabilization of otherwise unstable perovskite-based structural distortions may lead to promising novel metastable compounds. The in situ investigation of the high-pressure behavior of multiferroic materials has provided insight into the complex interplay between magnetic and electronic properties and the coupling to structural instabilities. PMID:25485138

Digital pressure transducer for use at high temperatures

DOEpatents

Karplus, Henry H. B.

1981-01-01

A digital pressure sensor for measuring fluid pressures at relatively high temperatures includes an electrically conducting fiber coupled to the fluid by a force disc that causes tension in the fiber to be a function of fluid pressure. The tension causes changes in the mechanical resonant frequency of the fiber, which is caused to vibrate in a magnetic field to produce an electrical signal from a positive-feedback amplifier at the resonant frequency. A count of this frequency provides a measure of the fluid pressure.

Digital pressure transducer for use at high temperatures

DOEpatents

Karplus, H.H.B.

A digital pressure sensor for measuring fluid pressures at relatively high temperatures includes an electrically conducting fiber coupled to the fluid by a force disc that causes tension in the fiber to be a function of fluid pressure. The tension causes changes in the mechanical resonant frequency of the fiber, which is caused to vibrate in a magnetic field to produce an electrical signal from a positive-feedback amplifier at the resonant frequency. A count of this frequency provides a measure of the fluid pressure.

Devices and process for high-pressure magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance

DOEpatents

Hoyt, David W; Sears, Jr., Jesse A; Turcu, Romulus V.F.; Rosso, Kevin M; Hu, Jian Zhi

2014-04-08

A high-pressure magic angle spinning (MAS) rotor is detailed that includes a high-pressure sample cell that maintains high pressures exceeding 150 bar. The sample cell design minimizes pressure losses due to penetration over an extended period of time.

Devices and process for high-pressure magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hoyt, David W.; Sears, Jesse A.; Turcu, Romulus V. F.

A high-pressure magic angle spinning (MAS) rotor is detailed that includes a high-pressure sample cell that maintains high pressures exceeding 150 bar. The sample cell design minimizes pressure losses due to penetration over an extended period of time.

HAER COLO,30LAKWD.V,2G (sheet 1 of 1) Glenn L. Martin ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

HAER COLO,30-LAKWD.V,2G- (sheet 1 of 1) - Glenn L. Martin Company, Titan Missile Test Facilities, Cold Flow Laboratory Building B, Waterton Canyon Road & Colorado Highway 121, Lakewood, Jefferson County, CO

Petrogenesis of high-Ti and low-Ti basalts: high-pressure and high-temperature experimental study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, J.; WANG, C.; Jin, Z.

2017-12-01

Geochemical and petrological studies have revealed the existence of high-Ti and low-Ti basalts in large igneous provinces. However, the petrogenesis of them are still under debate. Several different mechanisms have been proposed: (1) the high-Ti basalts are formed by the melting of mantle plume containing recycled oceanic crust or delaminated lower crust (Spandler et al., 2008) while low-Ti basalts are formed by the melting of subcontinental lithospheric mantle (Xiao et al., 2004); (2) both of them are from mantle plume or asthenospheric source, but the production of high-Ti basalts are associated with the thick lithosphere and relevant low degrees of melting while the low-Ti basalts are controlled by the thin lithosphere with high degrees of melting (Arndt et al., 1993; Xu et al., 2001). Almost all authors emphasize the role of partial melting but less discuss the crystallization differentiation process. The low Mg# (< 0.7) of these basalts provides that they are far away from direct melting of mantle peridotite. In addition, seismic data indicate unusually high seismic velocities bodies beneath LIPs which explained by the fractionated cumulates from picritic magmas (Farnetani et al., 1996). Therefore, we believed that the crystallization differentiation process might play a more significant role in the genesis of high-Ti and low-Ti basalts. In order to investigate the generation of these basalts, a series of high pressure and high temperature partial crystallization experiments were performed by using piston-cylinder and multi-anvil press at pressures of 1.5, 3.0 and 5.0 GPa and a temperature range of 1200-1700°. Two synthetic picrite glass with different chemical compositions were used as starting materials. Our experimental results show that Ti is preferred to be concentrated in the residual melt during crystallization differentiation. For the same melt fraction, the residual melt of higher pressure experiments has relatively higher TiO2 concentration and

VizieR Online Data Catalog: Star-forming galaxies in near-IR (Martins+, 2013)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martins, L. P.; Rodriguez-Ardila, A.; Diniz, S.; Riffel, R.; de Souza, R.

2014-10-01

The sample used here was presented in Martins et al. (2013MNRAS.431.1823M) and is a subset of the one presented in the magnitude-limited optical spectroscopic survey of nearby bright galaxies of Ho, Filippenko & Sargent (1995, Cat. J/ApJS/98/477, hereafter HO95). These galaxies are sources defined by Ho, Filippenko & Sargent (1997, Cat. J/ApJS/112/315, hereafter HO97) as those composed of 'nuclei dominated by emission lines from regions of active star formation (HII or starburst nuclei)'. In addition, five galaxies, classified as non-star forming in the optical, dominated by old stellar population and with no detected emission lines, were included as a control sample. All spectra were obtained at the NASA 3m Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) in two observing runs (2007 and 2008) - the same data from Martins et al. (2013MNRAS.431.1823M). (2 data files).

Photoconductivity of CdS under high pressure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Savić, Pavle; Urošević, Vladeta

1987-04-01

The photoconductivity of the high-pressure (rocksalt) phase of CdS has been investigated over the 30-120 kbar pressure range. A decrease of the photo-threshold from 1.60 eV (at 30 kbar) to 1.49 eV (at 120 kbar) indicates an indirect gap semiconductor. The values obtained have been compared with the Savić-Kašanin theory.

High- and low-temperature-stable thermite composition for producing high-pressure, high-velocity gases

DOEpatents

Halcomb, Danny L.; Mohler, Jonathan H.

1990-10-16

A high- and low-temperature-stable thermite composition for producing high-pressure and high-velocity gases comprises an oxidizable metal, an oxidizing reagent, and a high-temperature-stable gas-producing additive selected from the group consisting of metal carbides and metal nitrides.

Raising the Bar: Increased Hydraulic Pressure Allows Unprecedented High Power Densities in Pressure-Retarded Osmosis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Straub, AP; Yip, NY; Elimelech, M

2014-01-01

Pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) has the potential to generate sustainable energy from salinity gradients. PRO is typically considered for operation with river water and seawater, but a far greater energy of mixing can be harnessed from hypersaline solutions. This study investigates the power density that can be obtained in PRO from such concentrated solutions. Thin-film composite membranes with an embedded woven mesh were supported by tricot fabric feed spacers in a specially designed crossflow cell to maximize the operating pressure of the system, reaching a stable applied hydraulic pressure of 48 bar (700 psi) for more than 10 h. Operation atmore » this increased hydraulic pressure allowed unprecedented power densities, up to 60 W/m(2) with a 3 M (180 g/L) NaCl draw solution. Experimental power densities demonstrate reasonable agreement with power densities modeled using measured membrane properties, indicating high-pressure operation does not drastically alter membrane performance. Our findings exhibit the promise of the generation of power from high-pressure PRO with concentrated solutions.« less

On the Path towards Thinking: Learning from Martin Heidegger and Rudolf Steiner

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dahlin, Bo

2009-01-01

This paper is a philosophical study of the nature of thinking based on the philosophies of Martin Heidegger and Rudolf Steiner. For Heidegger, the pre-Socratic Greek philosophers exemplified genuine thinking, appreciating the meaning of Being. But this kind of philosophy was soon replaced by the onto-theological approach, in which Being was…

Prediction of superconducting iron–bismuth intermetallic compounds at high pressure

PubMed Central

Amsler, Maximilian; Naghavi, S. Shahab

2017-01-01

The synthesis of materials in high-pressure experiments has recently attracted increasing attention, especially since the discovery of record breaking superconducting temperatures in the sulfur–hydrogen and other hydrogen-rich systems. Commonly, the initial precursor in a high pressure experiment contains constituent elements that are known to form compounds at ambient conditions, however the discovery of high-pressure phases in systems immiscible under ambient conditions poses an additional materials design challenge. We performed an extensive multi component ab initio structural search in the immiscible Fe–Bi system at high pressure and report on the surprising discovery of two stable compounds at pressures above ≈36 GPa, FeBi2 and FeBi3. According to our predictions, FeBi2 is a metal at the border of magnetism with a conventional electron–phonon mediated superconducting transition temperature of T c = 1.3 K at 40 GPa. PMID:28507678

HIGH PRESSURE DIES

DOEpatents

Wilson, W.B.

1960-05-31

A press was invented for subjecting specimens of bismuth, urania, yttria, or thoria to high pressures and temperatures. The press comprises die parts enclosing a space in which is placed an electric heater thermally insulated from the die parts so as not to damage them by heat. The die parts comprise two opposed inner frustoconical parts and an outer part having a double frustoconical recess receiving the inner parts. The die space decreases in size as the inner die parts move toward one another against the outer part and the inner parts, though very hard, do not fracture because of the mode of support provided by the outer part.

Ultrasonic level sensors for liquids under high pressure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zuckerwar, A. J.; Mazel, D. S.; Hodges, D. Y.

1986-01-01

An ultrasonic level sensor of novel design continuously measures the level of a liquid subjected to a high pressure (up to about 40 MPa), as is sometimes required for the effective transfer of the liquid. The sensor operates as a composite resonator fabricated from a standard high-pressure plug. A flat-bottom hole is machined into the plug along its center line. An ultrasonic transducer is bonded rigidly to the interior surface of the bottom wall, while the exterior surface is in contact with the liquid. Although the bottom wall is designed to satisfy the pressure code, it is still sufficiently thin to permit ready excitation of the axisymmetric plate modes of vibration. The liquid level is measured by a conventional pulse-echo technique. A prototype sensor was tested successfully in a 2300-l water vessel at pressures up to about 37 MPa. A spectral analysis of the transmitted pulse reveals that the flexural, extensional, thickness-shear, and radial plate modes are excited into vibration, but none of these appears to be significantly affected by the pressurization of the liquid.

EPA AND ERDA HIGH-TEMPERATURE/HIGH-PRESSURE PARTICULATE CONTROL PROGRAMS

EPA Science Inventory

The report describes and compares current projects sponsored by EPA and the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA), relating to the control of particulate matter in fuel gas streams at high temperatures (1000 to 2000F) and high pressures (5 atm and greater). T...

Density and structure of jadeite melt at high pressure and high temperature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sakamaki, T.; Yu, T.; Jing, Z.; Park, C.; Shen, G.; Wang, Y.

2011-12-01

Knowledge of density of magma is important for understanding magma-related processes such as volcanic activity and differentiation in the Earth's early history. Since these processes take place in Earth's interior, we need to measure the density of magma in situ at high pressures. It is also necessary to relate the density with the structure of silicate melts at high pressure and temperature and further understand the densification mechanism of magma with pressure. Here we report the density and structural data for jadeite melt up to 7 GPa,. The density measurements were carried out using a DIA-type cubic press at the 13-BM-D beamline at APS using monochromatic radiation tuned to the desired energy (~20 keV) with a Si (111) double-crystal monochromator. Intensities of the incident and transmitted X-rays were measured by two ion chambers placed before and after the press for X-ray absorption measurements. Incident and transmitted X-ray intensities were obtained by moving the incident slits perpendicular to the X-ray beam direction at 0.010 mm steps crosses the sample. Lambert-Beer law was then applied to the normalized intensities as a function of the sample position across the assembly. Density of jadeite melt was determined up to 7 GPa and 2300 K. For structural determination, high-pressure and high-temperature energy-dispersive XRD experiments were carried out by using a Paris-Edinburgh press installed at the 16-BM-B of APS. Incident X-rays were collimated by a vertical slit (0.5 mm) and a horizontal slit (0.1 mm) to irradiate the sample. Diffracted X-rays were detected by a Ge solid state detector with a 4k multi-channel analyzer, through a collimator and 5.0mm (V) by and 0.1mm (H) receiving slits. Diffraction patterns were collected until the highest intensity reached 2000 counts, at 12 angles (2theta=3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 39.5 degrees). The structural measurements were carried out in the pressure range from 1 to 5 GPa and at 1600 to 2000 K

Low-Cost High-Pressure Hydrogen Generator

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cropley, Cecelia C.; Norman, Timothy J.

Electrolysis of water, particularly in conjunction with renewable energy sources, is potentially a cost-effective and environmentally friendly method of producing hydrogen at dispersed forecourt sites, such as automotive fueling stations. The primary feedstock for an electrolyzer is electricity, which could be produced by renewable sources such as wind or solar that do not produce carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gas emissions. However, state-of-the-art electrolyzer systems are not economically competitive for forecourt hydrogen production due to their high capital and operating costs, particularly the cost of the electricity used by the electrolyzer stack. In this project, Giner Electrochemical Systems, LLC (GES)more » developed a low cost, high efficiency proton-exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis system for hydrogen production at moderate pressure (300 to 400 psig). The electrolyzer stack operates at differential pressure, with hydrogen produced at moderate pressure while oxygen is evolved at near-atmospheric pressure, reducing the cost of the water feed and oxygen handling subsystems. The project included basic research on catalysts and membranes to improve the efficiency of the electrolysis reaction as well as development of advanced materials and component fabrication methods to reduce the capital cost of the electrolyzer stack and system. The project culminated in delivery of a prototype electrolyzer module to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for testing at the National Wind Technology Center. Electrolysis cell efficiency of 72% (based on the lower heating value of hydrogen) was demonstrated using an advanced high-strength membrane developed in this project. This membrane would enable the electrolyzer system to exceed the DOE 2012 efficiency target of 69%. GES significantly reduced the capital cost of a PEM electrolyzer stack through development of low cost components and fabrication methods, including a 60% reduction in stack parts count

Diamond anvil cell for spectroscopic investigation of materials at high temperature, high pressure and shear

DOEpatents

Westerfield, C.L.; Morris, J.S.; Agnew, S.F.

1997-01-14

Diamond anvil cell is described for spectroscopic investigation of materials at high temperature, high pressure and shear. A cell is described which, in combination with Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, permits the spectroscopic investigation of boundary layers under conditions of high temperature, high pressure and shear. 4 figs.

Microscopic Analysis of Bacterial Motility at High Pressure

PubMed Central

Nishiyama, Masayoshi; Sowa, Yoshiyuki

2012-01-01

The bacterial flagellar motor is a molecular machine that converts an ion flux to the rotation of a helical flagellar filament. Counterclockwise rotation of the filaments allows them to join in a bundle and propel the cell forward. Loss of motility can be caused by environmental factors such as temperature, pH, and solvation. Hydrostatic pressure is also a physical inhibitor of bacterial motility, but the detailed mechanism of this inhibition is still unknown. Here, we developed a high-pressure microscope that enables us to acquire high-resolution microscopic images, regardless of applied pressures. We also characterized the pressure dependence of the motility of swimming Escherichia coli cells and the rotation of single flagellar motors. The fraction and speed of swimming cells decreased with increased pressure. At 80 MPa, all cells stopped swimming and simply diffused in solution. After the release of pressure, most cells immediately recovered their initial motility. Direct observation of the motility of single flagellar motors revealed that at 80 MPa, the motors generate torque that should be sufficient to join rotating filaments in a bundle. The discrepancy in the behavior of free swimming cells and individual motors could be due to the applied pressure inhibiting the formation of rotating filament bundles that can propel the cell body in an aqueous environment. PMID:22768943

High pressure water jet cutting and stripping

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hoppe, David T.; Babai, Majid K.

1991-01-01

High pressure water cutting techniques have a wide range of applications to the American space effort. Hydroblasting techniques are commonly used during the refurbishment of the reusable solid rocket motors. The process can be controlled to strip a thermal protective ablator without incurring any damage to the painted surface underneath by using a variation of possible parameters. Hydroblasting is a technique which is easily automated. Automation removes personnel from the hostile environment of the high pressure water. Computer controlled robots can perform the same task in a fraction of the time that would be required by manual operation.

[High-grade pressure sores in frail older high-risk persons. A retrospective postmortem case-control-study].

PubMed

Von Renteln-Kruse, W; Krause, T; Anders, J; Kühl, M; Heinemann, A; Püschel, K

2004-04-01

Some old persons at risk do develop, but others, at comparable risk, do not develop high-grade pressure sores. To evaluate potentially different risk factors, we performed a post mortem case-control study in old persons who developed high-grade pressure sores within six months until 14 days before death. Consecutive cases with pressure sores grade >/=3 and potential controls at comparably high risk for pressure sores were examined before cremation. After written informed consent had been obtained by the next relatives, all available nursing and medical records of the deceased were thoroughly evaluated. Cases and controls were matched according to age, gender, immobility, and cachexia.A total of 100 cases with 71 pressure sores grade 3 and 29 pressure sores grade 4 were compared to 100 controls with 27 pressure sores grade high degree of disablement and immobility, in particular, are risk factors for high-grade pressure sores in frail older high-risk persons. Sedative drug effects and impaired patient compliance with preventive and therapeutic measures may also be associated with the development of high-grade pressure sores in old persons at high risk.

Constitutive and damage material modeling in a high pressure hydrogen environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Russell, D. A.; Fritzemeier, L. G.

1991-01-01

Numerous components in reusable space propulsion systems such as the SSME are exposed to high pressure gaseous hydrogen environments. Flow areas and passages in the fuel turbopump, fuel and oxidizer preburners, main combustion chamber, and injector assembly contain high pressure hydrogen either high in purity or as hydrogen rich steam. Accurate constitutive and damage material models applicable to high pressure hydrogen environments are therefore needed for engine design and analysis. Existing constitutive and cyclic crack initiation models were evaluated only for conditions of oxidizing environments. The main objective is to evaluate these models for applicability to high pressure hydrogen environments.

Small, high-pressure liquid oxygen turbopump

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Csomor, A.; Sutton, R.

1977-01-01

A small, high-pressure, liquid oxygen turbopump was designed, fabricated, and tested. The pump was of a single-stage, centrifugal type; power to the pump was supplied by a single-stage, partial emission, axial-impulse turbine. Design conditions included an operating speed of 70,000 rpm, pump discharge pressure of 2977 N/sq cm (4318 psia), and a pump flowrate of 16.4 kg/s (36.21 lb/sec). The turbine was propelled by LO2/LH2 combustion products at 1041 K (1874 R) inlet temperature, and at a design pressure ratio of 1.424. The approaches used in the detail analysis and design of the turbopump are described, and fabrication methods are discussed. Data obtained from gas generator tests, turbine performance calibration, and turbopump testing are presented.

Study of CT Scan Flooding System at High Temperature and Pressure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, X. Y.

2017-12-01

CT scan flooding experiment can scan micro-pore in different flooding stages by the use of CT scan technology, without changing the external morphology and internal structure of the core, and observe the distribution characterization in pore medium of different flooding fluid under different pressure.thus,it can rebuilt the distribution images of oil-water distribution in different flooding stages. However,under extreme high pressure and temperature conditions,the CT scan system can not meet the requirements. Container of low density materials or thin shell can not resist high pressure,while high density materials or thick shell will cause attenuation and scattering of X-ray. The experiment uses a simple Ct scanning systems.X ray from a point light source passing trough a micro beryllium shell on High pressure stainless steal container,continuously irradiates the core holder that can continuously 360° rotate along the core axis. A rare earth intensifying screen behind the core holder emitting light when irradiated with X ray can show the core X ray section image. An optical camera record the core X ray images through a transparency high pressure glazing that placed on the High pressure stainless steal container.Thus,multiple core X ray section images can reconstruct the 3D core reconstruction after a series of data processing.The experiment shows that both the micro beryllium shell and rare earth intensifying screen can work in high temperature and high pressure environment in the stainless steal container. This way that X-ray passes through a thin layer of micro beryllium shell , not high pressure stainless steal shell,avoid the attenuation and scattering of X-ray from the container shell,while improving the high-pressure experiment requirements.

High pressure rinsing system comparison

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

D. Sertore; M. Fusetti; P. Michelato

2007-06-01

High pressure rinsing (HPR) is a key process for the surface preparation of high field superconducting cavities. A portable apparatus for the water jet characterization, based on the transferred momentum between the water jet and a load cell, has been used in different laboratories. This apparatus allows to collected quantitative parameters that characterize the HPR water jet. In this paper, we present a quantitative comparison of the different water jet produced by various nozzles routinely used in different laboratories for the HPR process

High-performance fiber/epoxy composite pressure vessels

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chiao, T. T.; Hamstad, M. A.; Jessop, E. S.; Toland, R. H.

1978-01-01

Activities described include: (1) determining the applicability of an ultrahigh-strength graphite fiber to composite pressure vessels; (2) defining the fatigue performance of thin-titanium-lined, high-strength graphite/epoxy pressure vessel; (3) selecting epoxy resin systems suitable for filament winding; (4) studying the fatigue life potential of Kevlar 49/epoxy pressure vessels; and (5) developing polymer liners for composite pressure vessels. Kevlar 49/epoxy and graphite fiber/epoxy pressure vessels, 10.2 cm in diameter, some with aluminum liners and some with alternation layers of rubber and polymer were fabricated. To determine liner performance, vessels were subjected to gas permeation tests, fatigue cycling, and burst tests, measuring composite performance, fatigue life, and leak rates. Both the metal and the rubber/polymer liner performed well. Proportionately larger pressure vessels (20.3 and 38 cm in diameter) were made and subjected to the same tests. In these larger vessels, line leakage problems with both liners developed the causes of the leaks were identified and some solutions to such liner problems are recommended.

Microorganisms under high pressure--adaptation, growth and biotechnological potential.

PubMed

Mota, Maria J; Lopes, Rita P; Delgadillo, Ivonne; Saraiva, Jorge A

2013-12-01

Hydrostatic pressure is a well-known physical parameter which is now considered an important variable of life, since organisms have the ability to adapt to pressure changes, by the development of resistance against this variable. In the past decades a huge interest in high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) technology is increasingly emerging among food and biosciences researchers. Microbial specific stress responses to HHP are currently being investigated, through the evaluation of pressure effects on biomolecules, cell structure, metabolic behavior, growth and viability. The knowledge development in this field allows a better comprehension of pressure resistance mechanisms acquired at sub-lethal pressures. In addition, new applications of HHP could arise from these studies, particularly in what concerns to biotechnology. For instance, the modulation of microbial metabolic pathways, as a response to different pressure conditions, may lead to the production of novel compounds with potential biotechnological and industrial applications. Considering pressure as an extreme life condition, this review intends to present the main findings so far reported in the scientific literature, focusing on microorganisms with the ability to withstand and to grow in high pressure conditions, whether they have innated or acquired resistance, and show the potential of the application of HHP technology for microbial biotechnology. © 2013.

DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH-TEMPERATURE/HIGH-PRESSURE ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR

EPA Science Inventory

The report gives results of a laboratory test demonstrating the feasibility of electrostatic precipitation at high temperatures (to 1366 K) and pressures (to 3550 kPa): corona currents were stable at all temperatures. Detailed current/voltage characteristics under negative and po...

The high-pressure phase transitions of hydroxides

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nishi, M.; Kuwayama, Y.; Tsuchiya, J.; Tsuchiya, T.; Irifune, T.

2017-12-01

The discovery of new high-pressure hydrous minerals has important implications for understanding the structure, dynamics, and evolution of the Earth, since hydrogen significantly affects the physical properties and stabilities of Earth's constituent minerals. Whereas hydrous minerals commonly dehydrate under pressures of around a few tens of gigapascals (GPa) and at temperature around 1,500 K, those with CaCl2-type crystal structure, MgSiO4H2 phase H, δ-AlOOH and ɛ-FeOOH, are known to be stable at pressures corresponding to the lower mantle. However, although the CaCl2-type hydroxides were suggested to form a solid solution owing to their similar crystal structure, there are few experimental studies on the stability of the hydroxide in such multicomponent. Moreover, ab initio calculations have predicted that some CaCl2-type hydroxides transform to pyrite-type structure at higher pressures. Here, we conducted high pressure-temperature experiments on pure AlOOH, FeOOH, and their solid solutions, with the aid of these first-principles predictions. We use in situ X-ray measurements in conjunction with a multi-anvil apparatus to study the high-pressure behaviour of hydroxides in the multicomponent system under middle lower mantle conditions. Solid solutions in wide compositional ranges between CaCl2-type δ-AlOOH and ɛ-FeOOH were recognized from X-ray diffraction patterns. Also, unit cell volume of FeOOH and (Al,Fe)OOH significantly decreased accompanied with the spin transition of iron at 50 GPa. Thus, the wide compositional ranges in CaCl2-type hydroxide are maintained beyond the depth of the middle lower mantle, where the spin transition of iron occurs. We used a laser-heated diamond anvil cell in order to study the stability of AlOOH and FeOOH at higher pressures above 70 GPa. We observed that ɛ-FeOOH transforms to the pyrite-type structure at above 80 GPa, which is consistent with the theoretical prediction. At conditions above 190 GPa and 2,500 K, we observed

Thermal and high pressure inactivation kinetics of blueberry peroxidase.

PubMed

Terefe, Netsanet Shiferaw; Delon, Antoine; Versteeg, Cornelis

2017-10-01

This study for the first time investigated the stability and inactivation kinetics of blueberry peroxidase in model systems (McIlvaine buffer, pH=3.6, the typical pH of blueberry juice) during thermal (40-80°C) and combined high pressure-thermal processing (0.1-690MPa, 30-90°C). At 70-80°C, the thermal inactivation kinetics was best described by a biphasic model with ∼61% labile and ∼39% stable fractions at temperature between 70 and 75°C. High pressure inhibited the inactivation of the enzyme with no inactivation at pressures as high as 690MPa and temperatures less than 50°C. The inactivation kinetics of the enzyme at 60-70°C, and pressures higher than 500MPa was best described by a first order biphasic model with ∼25% labile fraction and 75% stable fraction. The activation energy values at atmospheric pressure were 548.6kJ/mol and 324.5kJ/mol respectively for the stable and the labile fractions. Crown Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

High Pressure Angle Gears: Comparison to Typical Gear Designs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Handschuh, Robert F.; Zabrajsek, Andrew J.

2010-01-01

A preliminary study has been completed to determine the feasibility of using high-pressure angle gears in aeronautic and space applications. Tests were conducted in the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) Spur Gear Test Facility at speeds up to 10,000 rpm and 73 N*m (648 in.*lb) for 3.18, 2.12, and 1.59 module gears (8, 12, and 16 diametral pitch gears), all designed to operate in the same test facility. The 3.18 module (8-diametral pitch), 28 tooth, 20deg pressure angle gears are the GRC baseline test specimen. Also, 2.12 module (12-diametral pitch), 42 tooth, 25deg pressure angle gears were tested. Finally 1.59 module (16-diametral pitch), 56 tooth, 35deg pressure angle gears were tested. The high-pressure angle gears were the most efficient when operated in the high-speed aerospace mode (10,000 rpm, lubricated with a synthetic turbine engine oil), and produced the lowest wear rates when tested with a perfluoroether-based grease. The grease tests were conducted at 150 rpm and 71 N*m (630 in.*lb).

High pressure and Multiferroics materials. A happy marriage