Sample records for materials procedures discussion

  1. Adaptation of instructional materials: a commentary on the research on adaptations of Who Polluted the Potomac

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ercikan, Kadriye; Alper, Naim

    2009-03-01

    This commentary first summarizes and discusses the analysis of the two translation processes described in the Oliveira, Colak, and Akerson article and the inferences these researchers make based on their research. In the second part of the commentary, we describe procedures and criteria used in adapting tests into different languages and how they may apply to adaptation of instructional materials. The authors provide a good theoretical analysis of what took place in two translation instances and make an important contribution by taking the first step in providing a systematic discussion of adaptation of instructional materials. Our discussion proposes procedures for adapting instructional materials for examining equivalence of source and target versions of adapted instructional materials. We highlight that many of the procedures and criteria used in examining comparability of educational tests is missing in this emerging research of area.

  2. High-Pressure Oxygen Test Evaluations

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Schwinghamer, R. J.; Key, C. F.

    1974-01-01

    The relevance of impact sensitivity testing to the development of the space shuttle main engine is discussed in the light of the special requirements for the engine. The background and history of the evolution of liquid and gaseous oxygen testing techniques and philosophy is discussed also. The parameters critical to reliable testing are treated in considerable detail, and test apparatus and procedures are described and discussed. Materials threshold sensitivity determination procedures are considered and a decision logic diagram for sensitivity threshold determination was plotted. Finally, high-pressure materials sensitivity test data are given for selected metallic and nonmetallic materials.

  3. Surface electrical properties experiment study phase, volume 3

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1973-01-01

    The reliability and quality assurance system and procedures used in developing test equipment for the Lunar Experiment projects are described. The subjects discussed include the following: (1) documentation control, (2) design review, (3) parts and materials selection, (4) material procurement, (5) inspection procedures, (6) qualification and special testing, and failure modes and effects analysis.

  4. Mechanical properties of porous and cellular materials

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sieradzki, K.; Green, D.J.; Gibson, L.J.

    1991-01-01

    This symposium successfully brought scientists together from a wide variety of disciplines to focus on the mechanical behavior of porous and cellular solids composed of metals, ceramics, polymers, or biological materials. For cellular materials, papers ranged from processing techniques through microstructure-mechanical property relationships to design. In an overview talk, Mike Ashby (Cambridge Univ.) showed how porous cellular materials can be more efficient than dense materials in designs that require minimum weight. He indicated that many biological materials have been able to accomplish such efficiency but there exists an opportunity to design even more efficient, manmade materials controlling microstructures at differentmore » scale levels. In the area of processing, James Aubert (Sandia National Laboratories) discussed techiques for manipulating polymersolvent phase equilibria to control the microstructure of microcellular foams. Other papers on processing discussed the production of cellular ceramics by CVD, HIPing and sol- gel techniques. Papers on the mechanical behavior of cellular materials considered various ceramics microcellular polymers, conventional polymer foams and apples. There were also contributions that considered optimum design procedures for cellular materials. Steven Cowin (City Univ. of New York) discussed procedures to match the discrete microstructural aspects of cellular materials with the continuum mechanics approach to their elastic behavior.« less

  5. An Effective and Facile Demonstration of Organic Photochemistry.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Brown, Trevor M.; And Others

    1990-01-01

    Described is an experiment which may be carried out quickly using tungsten-filament irradiation. Materials, experimental procedures, and results are discussed. Procedures for filtration on silica gel are appended. (CW)

  6. Minimally invasive surgical techniques for stress incontinence surgery.

    PubMed

    Morley, Roland; Nethercliffe, Janine

    2005-12-01

    Minimally invasive techniques for surgical correction of stress incontinence date back to the late 1950s. Since that time there have been many developments to attempt to emulate the good results achieved by open surgery with less surgical morbidity. Needle suspensions have attempted to reposition the bladder neck in the same way as a colposuspension. However, although numerous variations have been described, they do not have the long-term outcomes of colposuspension. These variations, their complications and long-term outcome are discussed. Sling surgery, especially the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT), has probably had the largest impact on incontinence surgery in recent years, offering a procedure with low morbidity and, thus far in the medium term, outcomes comparable with those of more invasive procedures. This has led the TVT procedure to become the most common procedure performed worldwide for stress incontinence. With the benefit of lessons learnt from the use of synthetic material in the genitourinary tract, some worries remain with regard to the long-term complications of TVT. Other non-synthetic material should not be forgotten, and the advantages and disadvantages of various sling materials are compared. Injectables have an established place in the treatment of sphincter deficiency, though long-term results are poor compared to those of other procedures. Various materials used and the technique for their injection are discussed.

  7. Sampling protocol, estimation, and analysis procedures for the down woody materials indicator of the FIA program

    Treesearch

    Christopher W. Woodall; Vicente J. Monleon

    2008-01-01

    The USDA Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis program conducts an inventory of forests of the United States including down woody materials (DWM). In this report we provide the rationale and context for a national inventory of DWM, describe the components sampled, discuss the sampling protocol used and corresponding estimation procedures, and provide...

  8. Tested Demonstrations: Paramagnetism and Color of Liquid Oxygen: A Lecture Demonstration.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Shakhashiri, Bassam Z.; And Others

    1980-01-01

    Presents materials and procedures for a lecture demonstration in which liquid nitrogen or liquid oxygen is poured between the poles of a powerful magnet. Hazards of these procedures are included in the discussion. (CS)

  9. Chapter 3: Isolation of Photosystem II Reaction Center Complexes from Plants

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Seibert, M.; Picorel, R.

    2011-01-01

    Methods to isolate and purify 6- and 5-Chl D1/D2/Cyt b559 photosystem II (PSII) reaction center (RC) complexes from plants are presented, and the advantages and disadvantages of each procedure are discussed. One of the simpler 6-Chl procedures and a procedure for isolating 5-Chl complexes are described in detail. Furthermore, a rapid procedure that produces relatively large amounts of less pure 6-Chl material (i.e., more nonpigmented protein) is also described. Criteria to assess the purity of PSII RC preparations are presented, and problems associated with each of the isolation procedures are discussed.

  10. Fire retardancy with structural materials

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gardner, R. E.

    1971-01-01

    Impregnating wood with chemicals to reduce or prevent combustion is discussed. Basic types of materials for fireproofing purposes and methods of applications are described. It is concluded that effective fireproofing materials have been developed and their application to wooden structures represents acceptable safety management procedures.

  11. Utilization of available skills and materials in fire prevention

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Martin, H. W.

    1971-01-01

    Procedures for installing fire protection systems in large buildings are discussed. Factors considered in the safety management are: (1) distribution of water supply, (2) design and location of exits, (3) emergency power system, and (4) maintenance procedures.

  12. Two Electrophoresis Experiments for Freshmen in the Health Professions.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Brabson, G. Dana; Waugh, David S.

    1986-01-01

    Describes procedures involved with paper electrophoresis separation of amino acids, gel electrophoresis separation of DNA, and design of an electrophoresis tank. Describes experiments using paper (amino acids) and gel (deoxyribonucleic acid fragments). Provides material lists, procedures, and discussion. (JM)

  13. Identifying and Dealing with Hazardous Materials and Procedures in the General Chemistry Laboratory.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Katz, David A.

    1982-01-01

    A survey of freshman chemistry laboratory manuals identified 15 questionable laboratory procedures, including the use of potentially hazardous chemicals. Alternatives are suggested for each hazard discussed (such as using a substitute solvent for benzene). (SK)

  14. Materials Handling. Module SH-01. Safety and Health.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Center for Occupational Research and Development, Inc., Waco, TX.

    This student module on materials handling is one of 50 modules concerned with job safety and health. It presents the procedures for safe materials handling. Discussed are manual handling methods (lifting and carrying by hand) and mechanical lifting (lifting by powered trucks, cranes or conveyors). Following the introduction, 15 objectives (each…

  15. Seduction and Betrayal: An Insider's View of Insider Theft of Rare Materials.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Traister, Daniel

    1994-01-01

    Discusses alternatives for dealing with insider theft of rare library materials, including publicizing losses and prosecuting. An example of insider theft is detailed. Ideas for preventing theft, including hiring practices and restricting access to materials, are considered. Suggestions for thinking through procedures to deal with the…

  16. Quality of Widely Available Video Instructional Materials for Point-of-Care Ultrasound-Guided Procedure Training in Internal Medicine.

    PubMed

    Khandelwal, Aditi; Devine, Luke A; Otremba, Mirek

    2017-07-01

    Many instructional materials for point-of-care ultrasound (US)-guided procedures exist; however, their quality is unknown. This study assessed widely available educational videos for point-of-care US-guided procedures relevant to internal medicine: central venous catheterization, thoracentesis, and paracentesis. We searched Ovid MEDLINE, YouTube, and Google to identify videos for point-of-care US-guided paracentesis, thoracentesis, and central venous catheterization. Videos were evaluated with a 5-point scale assessing the global educational value and a checklist based on consensus guidelines for competencies in point-of-care US-guided procedures. For point-of-care US-guided central venous catheterization, 12 videos were found, with an average global educational value score ± SD of 4.5 ± 0.7. Indications to abort the procedure were discussed in only 3 videos. Five videos described the indications and contraindications for performing central venous catheterization. For point-of-care US-guided thoracentesis, 8 videos were identified, with an average global educational value score of 4.0 ± 0.9. Only one video discussed indications to abort the procedure, and 3 videos discussed sterile technique. For point-of-care US-guided paracentesis, 7 videos were included, with an average global educational value score of 4.1 ± 0.9. Only 1 video discussed indications to abort the procedure, and 2 described the location of the inferior epigastric artery. The 27 videos reviewed contained good-quality general instruction. However, we noted a lack of safety-related information in most of the available videos. Further development of resources is required to teach internal medicine trainees skills that focus on the safety of point-of-care US guidance. © 2017 by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.

  17. High Flight. Aerospace Activities, K-12.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Oklahoma State Dept. of Education, Oklahoma City.

    Following discussions of Oklahoma aerospace history and the history of flight, interdisciplinary aerospace activities are presented. Each activity includes title, concept fostered, purpose, list of materials needed, and procedure(s). Topics include planets, the solar system, rockets, airplanes, air travel, space exploration, principles of flight,…

  18. Oxidation of Secondary Alcohols by Duckweed: A Biotransformation Experiment for Undergraduate Students.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Karfarski, Pawel; And Others

    1988-01-01

    Describes an experiment designed to use the ability of duckweed to convert the secondary hydroxyl moieties into ketone groups. Discusses the preparation of plant material, materials, procedures, and results for this biotransformation experiment for undergraduate students. (CW)

  19. A Discussion of Procedures and Equipment for the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty On-Site Inspection Environmental Sampling and Analysis

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wogman, Ned A.; Milbrath, Brian D.; Payne, Rosara F.

    This paper is intended to serve as a scientific basis to start discussions of the available environmental sampling techniques and equipment that have been used in the past that could be considered for use within the context of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) on-site inspections (OSI). This work contains information on the techniques, equipment, costs, and some operational procedures associated with environmental sampling that have actually been used in the past by the United States for the detection of nuclear explosions. This paper also includes a discussion of issues, recommendations, and questions needing further study within the context of themore » sampling and analysis of aquatic materials, atmospheric gases, atmospheric particulates, vegetation, sediments and soils, fauna, and drill-back materials.« less

  20. Using Melting Ice to Teach Radiometric Dating.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wise, Donald Underkofler

    1990-01-01

    Presented is an activity in which a mystery setting is used to motivate students to construct their own decay curves of melting ice used as an analogy to radioactive decay. Procedures, materials, apparatus, discussion topics, presentation, and thermodynamics are discussed. (CW)

  1. Preparation and Use of Polish Mushroom Proficiency Testing Materials

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Polkowska-Motrenko, Halina

    2008-08-14

    Mushroom reference materials have been prepared and characterized for the use in proficiency tests according to a procedure established within the frame of an IAEA Interregional Technical Cooperation Project. The materials were used for conducting the proficiency tests in Poland in 2005-2007. The results obtained by participating laboratories are presented and discussed.

  2. An investigation of the compressive strength of PRD-49-3/Epoxy composites

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kulkarni, S. V.; Rice, J. S.; Rosen, B. W.

    1973-01-01

    The development of unidirectional fiber composite materials is discussed. The mechanical and physical properties of the materials are described. Emphasis is placed in analyzing the compressive behavior of composite materials and developing methods for increasing compressive strength. The test program for evaluating the various procedures for improving compressive strength are reported.

  3. Composite Structures and Materials Research at NASA Langley Research Center

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Starnes, James H., Jr.; Dexter, H. Benson; Johnston, Norman J.; Ambur, Damodar R.; Cano, roberto J.

    2003-01-01

    A summary of recent composite structures and materials research at NASA Langley Research Center is presented. Fabrication research to develop low-cost automated robotic fabrication procedures for thermosetting and thermoplastic composite materials, and low-cost liquid molding processes for preformed textile materials is described. Robotic fabrication procedures discussed include ply-by-ply, cure-on-the-fly heated placement head and out-of-autoclave electron-beam cure methods for tow and tape thermosetting and thermoplastic materials. Liquid molding fabrication processes described include Resin Film Infusion (RFI), Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) and Vacuum-Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM). Results for a full-scale composite wing box are summarized to identify the performance of materials and structures fabricated with these low-cost fabrication methods.

  4. Composite Structures and Materials Research at NASA Langley Research Center

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Starnes, James H., Jr.; Dexter, H. Benson; Johnston, Norman J.; Ambur, Damodar R.; Cano, Roberto J.

    2001-01-01

    A summary of recent composite structures and materials research at NASA Langley Research Center is presented. Fabrication research to develop low-cost automated robotic fabrication procedures for thermosetting and thermoplastic composite materials, and low-cost liquid molding processes for preformed textile materials is described. Robotic fabrication procedures discussed include ply-by-ply, cure-on-the-fly heated placement head and out-of-autoclave electron-beam cure methods for tow and tape thermosetting and thermoplastic materials. Liquid molding fabrication processes described include Resin Film Infusion (RFI) Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) and Vacuum-Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM). Results for a full-scale composite wing box are summarized to identify the performance of materials and structures fabricated with these low-cost fabrication methods.

  5. Notes on Experiments.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Physics Education, 1990

    1990-01-01

    Described are the apparatus and procedures needed for a demonstration of variables which affect centripetal force. Discussed are materials, apparatus construction, calibration, and experimental results. (CW)

  6. Instruments for the nondestructive testing of materials and products: Handbook. Volumes 1 & 2 (2nd revised and enlarged edition)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kliuev, V. V.

    Data on the general design and principles of operation of various instruments and systems for the nondestructive testing of materials and products of various kinds are presented, and test procedures are described. Methods discussed include optical, thermal, capillary, RF, and X-ray testing techniques. The discussion also covers magnetic, electromagnetic, eddy-current, acoustic, and combined nondestructive testing methods.

  7. Third Conference on Fibrous Composites in Flight Vehicle Design, part 1

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1976-01-01

    The use of fibrous composite materials in the design of aircraft and space vehicle structures and their impact on future vehicle systems are discussed. The topics covered include: flight test work on composite components, design concepts and hardware, specialized applications, operational experience, certification and design criteria. Contributions to the design technology base include data concerning material properties, design procedures, environmental exposure effects, manufacturing procedures, and flight service reliability. By including composites as baseline design materials, significant payoffs are expected in terms of reduced structural weight fractions, longer structural life, reduced fuel consumption, reduced structural complexity, and reduced manufacturing cost.

  8. Testing procedures for carbon fiber reinforced plastic components

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gosse, H. J.; Kaitatzidi, M.; Roth, S.

    1977-01-01

    Tests for studying the basic material are considered and quality control investigations involving preimpregnated materials (prepreg) are discussed. Attention is given to the prepreg area weight, the fiber area weight of prepregs, the resin content, volatile components, the effective thickness, resin flow, the resistance to bending strain, tensile strength, and shear strength. A description of tests conducted during the manufacturing process is also presented, taking into account X-ray methods, approaches of neutron radiography, ultrasonic procedures, resonance methods and impedance studies.

  9. Project Physics Teacher Guide 1, Concepts of Motion.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA. Harvard Project Physics.

    Teaching procedures of Project Physics Unit 1 are presented in this manual to help teachers make effective use of learning materials. Curriculum objectives are discussed in connection with instructional materials, suggested year time schedules, multi-media schedules, schedule blocks, resource charts, and experiment summaries. Brief analyses are…

  10. Interference and Polarized Light.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Charas, Seymour

    1988-01-01

    Discusses a demonstration of interference phenomena using three sheets of polaroid material, a light source, and a light meter. Describes instructional procedures with mathematical expressions and a diagram. (YP)

  11. Development of Criteria and Procedures for Management of Classified Document Collections.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rea, Jack C.

    The report describes work done in development of criteria and procedures for management of collections of classified documents. Material is presented on philosophy of operation, concept of user service, accession and retention. Much of the discussion is based upon the concept of conversion to a microfiche-oriented library; however, hard copy…

  12. Medical microbiological analysis of Apollo-Soyuz test project crewmembers

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Taylor, G. R.; Zaloguev, S. N.

    1976-01-01

    The procedures and results of the Microbial Exchange Experiment (AR-002) of the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project are described. Included in the discussion of procedural aspects are methods and materials, in-flight microbial specimen collection, and preliminary analysis of microbial specimens. Medically important microorganisms recovered from both Apollo and Soyuz crewmen are evaluated.

  13. More Refined Experiments with Hemoglobin.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Morin, Phillippe

    1985-01-01

    Discusses materials needed, procedures used, and typical results obtained for experiments designed to make a numerical stepwise study of the oxygenation of hemoglobin, myoglobin, and other oxygen carriers. (JN)

  14. Color Me Metamorphic.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Birdd, Donald L.

    1990-01-01

    Described are five activities using crayons to demonstrate the rock cycle including weathering, erosion and sedimentation, and sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rock formation. Discussed are materials, procedures, and probable results. (CW)

  15. INDIVIDUALIZING INSTRUCTION, A REPORT OF THE FALL DRIVE-IN CONFERENCES, UMSSP.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    STURGES, A.W.; AND OTHERS

    THIS PAPER DISCUSSES THE 12 AREAS OF CHANGE IN SCHOOLS--MULTIPLE CLASSES, TEAM TEACHING, USE OF TEACHERS' AIDES, SHARED SERVICES, MODIFICATION OF EXISTING FACILITIES, USE OF PROGRAMED MATERIALS, FLEXIBLE SCHEDULING, USE OF SPECIAL MATERIALS, INSERVICE TRAINING, USE OF NONGRADING PROCEDURES, INCORPORATION OF RECENT TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS, AND…

  16. The Final Barrier: Security Consideration in Restricted Access Reading Rooms.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Strassberg, Richard

    1997-01-01

    Examines an effective response to library or archive theft and vandalism of valuable materials: the restricted access reading room. Discusses the need for an alert staff, user identification, restriction of carry-in items, electronic surveillance, record keeping, limits to quantities of collection materials, exiting procedure, photocopying, theft…

  17. Tested Demonstrations.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gilbert, George L., Ed.

    1989-01-01

    Presented are two demonstrations including a variation of the iodine clock reaction, and a simple demonstration of refractive index. The materials, procedures, and a discussion of probable results are given for each. (CW)

  18. Tin Can Racer Derby.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Milson, James L.

    1986-01-01

    Describes directions for constructing "racing" cars out of simple materials like spools and coffee cans. Discusses procedures for students to build cars, then to test and race them. Stresses that the activity allows for self-discovery of problem solving techniques and opportunities to discuss the scientific concepts related to the activity. (TW)

  19. The Preservation of Leather Bindings: Background, Organization of a Project, and Procedures.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Brown, Meredith

    This manual, intended primarily for use by preservation supervisors, includes a discussion of basic leather preservation techniques, and a description of the entire leather book preservation program at Olin Library, Cornell University. Discussions of work flow, materials, treatment steps, schedulinq, and recruiting student assistants are included.…

  20. How to Learn and Have Fun with Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) and White Glue.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    de Zea Bermudez, V.; Passos de Almeida, P.; Feria Seita, J.

    1998-01-01

    Presents a classroom guide for a simple theoretical approach to the study of certain fluids. Discusses background information, followed by experimental procedures for the preparation of two popular viscoelastic materials ("Slime" and "Silly Putty") that exhibit unusual flow properties. Also lists student discussion questions…

  1. Overhead Projector Demonstrations.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kolb, Doris, Ed.

    1989-01-01

    Described are demonstrations of the optical activity of two sugar solutions, and the effects of various substituents on acid strength using an overhead projector. Materials and procedures for each demonstration are discussed. (CW)

  2. Ballooning Ideas for the Science Classroom.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Park, John C.; Carter, Glenda S.

    1988-01-01

    Introduces three demonstrations using rubber balloons: rate of reaction, air pressure, and solubility of gases in liquids. Provides the materials, procedure, questions, further investigation, and discussion in each demonstration. (YP)

  3. What Makes the Fizz?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Shimkanin, John

    1995-01-01

    Presents an activity to answer the question, "What makes soda pop fizz?". Lists necessary materials and describes the procedure for making soda pop. Discusses the fermentation process and how it occurs. (NB)

  4. 75 FR 81474 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; West Virginia; Update to Materials...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-28

    ... revised the procedures for incorporating by reference Federally-approved SIPs as a result of consultations... procedures and ``Identification of plan'' format are discussed in further detail in the May 22, 1997 Federal... column so that the date format is consistent with that found throughout the paragraph. c. 45 CSR 21...

  5. 77 FR 76417 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Idaho; Update to Materials...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-28

    ... result of consultations between EPA and the Office of the Federal Register (OFR). The description of the revised SIP document, IBR procedures and ``Identification of plan'' format are discussed in further detail... the ``good cause'' exemption in section 553(b)(3)(B) of the Administrative Procedures Act (APA) [[Page...

  6. Library and Archival Security: Policies and Procedures To Protect Holdings from Theft and Damage.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Trinkaus-Randall, Gregor

    1998-01-01

    Firm policies and procedures that address the environment, patron/staff behavior, general attitude, and care and handling of materials need to be at the core of the library/archival security program. Discussion includes evaluating a repository's security needs, collections security, security in non-public areas, security in the reading room,…

  7. Updated Lagrangian finite element formulations of various biological soft tissue non-linear material models: a comprehensive procedure and review.

    PubMed

    Townsend, Molly T; Sarigul-Klijn, Nesrin

    2016-01-01

    Simplified material models are commonly used in computational simulation of biological soft tissue as an approximation of the complicated material response and to minimize computational resources. However, the simulation of complex loadings, such as long-duration tissue swelling, necessitates complex models that are not easy to formulate. This paper strives to offer the updated Lagrangian formulation comprehensive procedure of various non-linear material models for the application of finite element analysis of biological soft tissues including a definition of the Cauchy stress and the spatial tangential stiffness. The relationships between water content, osmotic pressure, ionic concentration and the pore pressure stress of the tissue are discussed with the merits of these models and their applications.

  8. Nonlinear mechanical behavior of thermoplastic matrix materials for advanced composites

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Arenz, R. J.; Landel, R. F.

    1989-01-01

    Two recent theories of nonlinear mechanical response are quantitatively compared and related to experimental data. Computer techniques are formulated to handle the numerical integration and iterative procedures needed to solve the associated sets of coupled nonlinear differential equations. Problems encountered during these formulations are discussed and some open questions described. Bearing in mind these cautions, the consequences of changing parameters that appear in the formulations on the resulting engineering properties are discussed. Hence, engineering approaches to the analysis of thermoplastic matrix material can be suggested.

  9. How-To-Do-It: Plant Regeneration.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Pietraface, William J.

    1988-01-01

    Describes a procedure for the growth of tobacco plants in flasks. Demonstrates plant tissue culture manipulation, totipotency, and plant regeneration in approximately 12 weeks. Discusses methods, materials, and expected results. (CW)

  10. Preparation of isotopic molybdenum foils utilizing small quantities of material

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lipski, A. R.; Lee, L. L.; Liang, J. F.; Mahon, J. C.

    1993-09-01

    A simple method utilizing a small amount of isotopic material for production of molybdenum foils is discussed. An e-gun is used in the procedure. The Mo powder undergoes reduction-sintering and melting-solidifying steps leading to the creation of a metallic droplet suitable for further cold rolling or vacuum deposition.

  11. The Great Margarine Meltdown.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    DeMoura, John M.; Darrington, Richard W.

    1990-01-01

    Presented is an activity in which the composition of margarine is analyzed. Materials and procedures are discussed. An extension activity on emulsions is suggested. Background information on the history of margarine is provided. (CW)

  12. Tested Demonstrations.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gilbert, George L., Ed.

    1988-01-01

    Describes two demonstrations for use in college chemistry classes. Includes "Spectroscopy in Large Lecture Halls" and "The Endothermic Dissolution of Ammonium Nitrate." Gives materials lists and procedures as well as a discussion of the results. (CW)

  13. Iron Analysis by Redox Titration. A General Chemistry Experiment.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kaufman, Samuel; DeVoe, Howard

    1988-01-01

    Describes a simplified redox method for total iron analysis suitable for execution in a three-hour laboratory period by general chemistry students. Discusses materials, procedures, analyses, and student performance. (CW)

  14. Connecting Curriculums: Marketing What You Manufacture.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Havice, Bill; Simmons, Bryan

    1998-01-01

    Discusses how students can apply the concepts from the communications component of their class with instruction in the manufacturing component. Includes goals and objectives, materials and resources, and procedures and outcomes. (Author/JOW)

  15. Organic Laboratory Experiments.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Smith, Sherrel

    1990-01-01

    Detailed is a method in which short pieces of teflon tubing may be used for collection tubes for collecting preparative fractions from gas chromatographs. Material preparation, laboratory procedures, and results of this method are discussed. (CW)

  16. Heat Treatments of ZnSe Starting Materials for Physical Vapor Transport

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Su, Ching-Hua; Palosz, W.; Feth, S.; Lehoczky, S. L.

    1998-01-01

    The effect of different heat treatments on stoichiometry and residual gas pressure in ZnSe physical vapor transport system was investigated. The dependence of the amount and composition of the residual gas on various heat treatment procedures is reported. Heat treatment of ZnSe starting materials by baking under the condition of dynamic vacuum to adjust its stoichiometry was performed and the effectiveness of the treatment was confirmed by the measurements of the partial pressure of Se2, P(sub Se2), in equilibrium with the heat treated samples. Optimum heat treatment procedures on the ZnSe starting material for the physical vapor transport process are discussed and verified experimentally.

  17. Heat Treatments of ZnSe Starting Materials for Physical Vapor Transport

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Su, Ching-Hua; Palosz, W.; Feth, S.; Lehoczky, S. L.

    1997-01-01

    The effect of different heat treatments on stoichiometry and residual gas pressure in ZnSe physical vapor transport system was investigated. The dependence of the amount and composition of the residual gas on various heat treatment procedures is reported. Heat treatment of ZnSe starting materials by baking under the condition of dynamic vacuum to adjust its stoichiometry was performed and the effectiveness of the treatment was confirmed by the measurements of the partial pressure of Se2, P(sub Se2), in equilibrium with the heat treated samples. Optimum heat treatment procedures on the ZnSe starting material for the physical vapor transport process are discussed and verified experimentally.

  18. Structural reliability analysis of laminated CMC components

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Duffy, Stephen F.; Palko, Joseph L.; Gyekenyesi, John P.

    1991-01-01

    For laminated ceramic matrix composite (CMC) materials to realize their full potential in aerospace applications, design methods and protocols are a necessity. The time independent failure response of these materials is focussed on and a reliability analysis is presented associated with the initiation of matrix cracking. A public domain computer algorithm is highlighted that was coupled with the laminate analysis of a finite element code and which serves as a design aid to analyze structural components made from laminated CMC materials. Issues relevant to the effect of the size of the component are discussed, and a parameter estimation procedure is presented. The estimation procedure allows three parameters to be calculated from a failure population that has an underlying Weibull distribution.

  19. Evolution of standardized procedures for adjusting lumber properties for change in moisture content

    Treesearch

    David W. Green; James W. Evans

    2001-01-01

    This paper documents the development of procedures in American Society for Testing and Materials standards for adjusting the allowable properties of lumber for changes in moisture content. The paper discusses the historical context of efforts to establish allowable properties on a consensus basis, beginning in the 19th century. Where possible, the reasons for proposed...

  20. Temperature Coefficient of Resistance.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fox, John N.

    1990-01-01

    Described are the apparatus and procedures needed for a demonstration of the measurement of the electrical resistance of metals as a function of temperature using a microcomputer interface. Discussed are materials, apparatus construction, and experimental results. (CW)

  1. Water: A Recycling Success Story.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Swinehart, Rebecca, Ed.

    1995-01-01

    This activity involves elementary students in simulating water purification techniques by finding ways to clear up soapy water. An introduction discusses water use and conservation. Materials needed and step-by-step procedure are provided. (LZ)

  2. For Better Soil, Let Earthworms Toil.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Swinehart, Rebecca, Ed.

    1995-01-01

    This activity involves elementary students in investigating how earthworms affect soil fertility. An introduction discusses topsoil loss and the connections between soil and earthworm ecology. Materials needed and step-by-step procedure are provided. (LZ)

  3. A Simple Lightning Flash Polarity Discriminating Counter.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Devan, K. R. S.; Jayaratne, E. R.

    1990-01-01

    Described are the apparatus and procedures needed for a demonstration of a determination of the polarity of charges carried by individual ground flashes of lightning. Discussed are materials, apparatus construction, and experimental results. (CW)

  4. Design, fabrication and testing of porous tungsten vaporizers for mercury ion thrusters

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Zavesky, R.; Kroeger, E.; Kami, S.

    1983-01-01

    The dispersions in the characteristics, performance and reliability of vaporizers for early model 30-cm thrusters were investigated. The purpose of the paper is to explore the findings and to discuss the approaches that were taken to reduce the observed dispersion and present the results of a program which validated those approaches. The information that is presented includes porous tungsten materials specifications, a discussion of assembly procedures, and a description of a test program which screens both material and fabrication processes. There are five appendices providing additional detail in the areas of vaporizer contamination, nitrogen flow testing, bubble testing, porosimeter testing, and mercury purity. Four neutralizers, seven cathodes and five main vaporizers were successfully fabricated, tested, and operated on thrusters. Performance data from those devices is presented and indicates extremely repeatable results from using the design and fabrication procedures.

  5. The Manufacture, Shipping and Receiving and Quality Control of Rodent Bedding Materials

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kraft, Lisbeth M.

    1980-01-01

    The criteria for rodent bedding and nesting materials are discussed. The literature is reviewed regarding sources of bedding materials, manufacturing methods, quality control, procedures (microbiological, physical and chemical), storage, methods, shipment, methods of use and disposal, current knowledge concerning bedding effects on animals as related to research and testing and legal aspects. Future needs, especially with respect to the promulgation of standards, also are addressed.

  6. Overview of NORM and activities by a NORM licensed permanent decontamination and waste processing facility

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Mirro, G.A.

    1997-02-01

    This paper presents an overview of issues related to handling NORM materials, and provides a description of a facility designed for the processing of NORM contaminated equipment. With regard to handling NORM materials the author discusses sources of NORM, problems, regulations and disposal options, potential hazards, safety equipment, and issues related to personnel protection. For the facility, the author discusses: description of the permanent facility; the operations of the facility; the license it has for handling specific radioactive material; operating and safety procedures; decontamination facilities on site; NORM waste processing capabilities; and offsite NORM services which are available.

  7. Use of Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Jet for Polymer Surface Modification: An Overview

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kuettner, Lindsey A.

    Atmospheric-pressure plasma jets (APPJs) are playing an increasingly important role in materials processing procedures. Plasma treatment is a useful tool to modify surface properties of materials, especially polymers. Plasma reacts with polymer surfaces in numerous ways thus the type of process gas and plasma conditions must be explored for chosen substrates and materials to maximize desired properties. This report discusses plasma treatments and looks further into atmospheric-pressure plasma jets and the effects of gases and plasma conditions. Following the short literature review, a general overview of the future work and research at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is discussed.

  8. Where We Live: A Curriculum Guide. ABE Materials that Address Housing Issues.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ellowitch, Azi

    This curriculum was developed to give adult basic education (ABE) teachers starting points for developing their own units around housing-related issues. The texts have been chosen thematically, rather than by skill level. The materials are designed for group work--oral reading and discussion. Readings focus on housing repairs, court procedures,…

  9. Acoustics in Research Facilities--Control of Wanted and Unwanted Sound. Laboratory Design Notes.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Newman, Robert B.

    Common and special acoustics problems are discussed in relation to the design and construction of research facilities. Following a brief examination of design criteria for the control of wanted and unwanted sound, the technology for achieving desired results is discussed. Emphasis is given to various design procedures and materials for the control…

  10. Manual for Recognizing Sex Bias in Instructional Materials and Administrative Procedures.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Smith, Laveta Johnson, Ed.

    This manual was prepared for school administrators and staff in Illinois school districts. Following a statement of the rationale for preparing the manual, a section on discriminatory legislation discusses Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 and Public Law 19-597 of Illinois. The next section discusses sex role stereotyping in classroom…

  11. Analysis of plant gums and saccharide materials in paint samples: comparison of GC-MS analytical procedures and databases

    PubMed Central

    2012-01-01

    Background Saccharide materials have been used for centuries as binding media, to paint, write and illuminate manuscripts and to apply metallic leaf decorations. Although the technical literature often reports on the use of plant gums as binders, actually several other saccharide materials can be encountered in paint samples, not only as major binders, but also as additives. In the literature, there are a variety of analytical procedures that utilize GC-MS to characterize saccharide materials in paint samples, however the chromatographic profiles are often extremely different and it is impossible to compare them and reliably identify the paint binder. Results This paper presents a comparison between two different analytical procedures based on GC-MS for the analysis of saccharide materials in works-of-art. The research presented here evaluates the influence of the analytical procedure used, and how it impacts the sugar profiles obtained from the analysis of paint samples that contain saccharide materials. The procedures have been developed, optimised and systematically used to characterise plant gums at the Getty Conservation Institute in Los Angeles, USA (GCI) and the Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry of the University of Pisa, Italy (DCCI). The main steps of the analytical procedures and their optimisation are discussed. Conclusions The results presented highlight that the two methods give comparable sugar profiles, whether the samples analysed are simple raw materials, pigmented and unpigmented paint replicas, or paint samples collected from hundreds of centuries old polychrome art objects. A common database of sugar profiles of reference materials commonly found in paint samples was thus compiled. The database presents data also from those materials that only contain a minor saccharide fraction. This database highlights how many sources of saccharides can be found in a paint sample, representing an important step forward in the problem of identifying polysaccharide binders in paint samples. PMID:23050842

  12. Analysis of plant gums and saccharide materials in paint samples: comparison of GC-MS analytical procedures and databases.

    PubMed

    Lluveras-Tenorio, Anna; Mazurek, Joy; Restivo, Annalaura; Colombini, Maria Perla; Bonaduce, Ilaria

    2012-10-10

    Saccharide materials have been used for centuries as binding media, to paint, write and illuminate manuscripts and to apply metallic leaf decorations. Although the technical literature often reports on the use of plant gums as binders, actually several other saccharide materials can be encountered in paint samples, not only as major binders, but also as additives. In the literature, there are a variety of analytical procedures that utilize GC-MS to characterize saccharide materials in paint samples, however the chromatographic profiles are often extremely different and it is impossible to compare them and reliably identify the paint binder. This paper presents a comparison between two different analytical procedures based on GC-MS for the analysis of saccharide materials in works-of-art. The research presented here evaluates the influence of the analytical procedure used, and how it impacts the sugar profiles obtained from the analysis of paint samples that contain saccharide materials. The procedures have been developed, optimised and systematically used to characterise plant gums at the Getty Conservation Institute in Los Angeles, USA (GCI) and the Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry of the University of Pisa, Italy (DCCI). The main steps of the analytical procedures and their optimisation are discussed. The results presented highlight that the two methods give comparable sugar profiles, whether the samples analysed are simple raw materials, pigmented and unpigmented paint replicas, or paint samples collected from hundreds of centuries old polychrome art objects. A common database of sugar profiles of reference materials commonly found in paint samples was thus compiled. The database presents data also from those materials that only contain a minor saccharide fraction. This database highlights how many sources of saccharides can be found in a paint sample, representing an important step forward in the problem of identifying polysaccharide binders in paint samples.

  13. Microscale Synthesis and Analysis of a Dipeptide.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Blatchly, Richard A.; And Others

    1989-01-01

    Described is a microscale chemistry laboratory in which a dipeptide is synthesized from its component amino acids and analyzed using chiral-phase thin-layer chromatography. Experimental procedures, and materials are discussed. Twelve references are listed. (CW)

  14. Development of a thermal acoustical aircraft insulation material

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lin, R. Y.; Struzik, E. A.

    1974-01-01

    A process was developed for fabricating a light weight foam suitable for thermal and acoustical insulation in aircraft. The procedures and apparatus are discussed, and the foam specimens are characterized by numerous tests and measurements.

  15. Polystyrene Prints

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    O'Malley, William

    1969-01-01

    Discussed are the exciting advantages and possibilities of using polystyrene trays found in meat packaging for printmaking. Among them are ease of use, low cost and quick availability of materials, beautiful textural effects. Procedures are explained for various age levels. (BF)

  16. Experimenting with Detergents

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mitchell, Gail; Phillips, Donald B.

    1977-01-01

    Lists materials and procedures for experimenting with detergents. Included are methods for determination of the densities of dry detergents, ph values of detergent solutions, and a discussion of the ability of detergents to remove iodine stains from cloth. (CS)

  17. On the vibration properties of composite materials and structures

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lu, Y. P.; Neilson, H. C.; Roscoe, A. J.

    1993-01-01

    In recent years, there has been a widespread assumption that composite materials and structures offer enhanced vibration and acoustic properties. This assumption has to be evaluated or validated. The objective of this article is to address the subject of vibration characteristics and the related force transmissibility properties of composite structures. For a given composite beam made of Hercules AS4/3501-6 graphite/epoxy with a layered structure sequence of (0,0,30,-30)(sub 6S), resonance frequencies, structural damping, responses, impedances, and force transmissibility properties are determined, discussed, and compared with those of a steel beam. This article proposes a procedure to evaluate the vibration properties of individual composites. The criterion defined for performance comparison between composite materials and conventional materials is also discussed.

  18. Highly Non-Linear Optical (NLO) organic crystals

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Harris, J. Milton

    1987-01-01

    This research project involves the synthesis and characterization of organic materials having powerful nonlinear optical (NLO) properties and the growth of highly ordered crystals and monomolecular films of these materials. Research in four areas is discussed: theoretical design of new materials, characterization of NLO materials, synthesis of new materials and development of coupling procedures for forming layered films, and improvement of the techniques for vapor phase and solution phase growth of high quality organic crystals. Knowledge gained from these experiments will form the basis for experiments in the growth of these crystals.

  19. Integrated Data Collection Analysis (IDCA) Program - Mixing Procedures and Materials Compatibility

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Olinger, Becky D.; Sandstrom, Mary M.; Warner, Kirstin F.

    Three mixing procedures have been standardized for the IDCA proficiency test—solid-solid, solid-liquid, and liquid-liquid. Due to the variety of precursors used in formulating the materials for the test, these three mixing methods have been designed to address all combinations of materials. Hand mixing is recommended for quantities less than 10 grams and Jar Mill mixing is recommended for quantities over 10 grams. Consideration must also be given to the type of container used for the mixing due to the wide range of chemical reactivity of the precursors and mixtures. Eight web site sources from container and chemical manufacturers have beenmore » consulted. Compatible materials have been compiled as a resource for selecting containers made of materials stable to the mixtures. In addition, container materials used in practice by the participating laboratories are discussed. Consulting chemical compatibility tables is highly recommended for each operation by each individual engaged in testing the materials in this proficiency test.« less

  20. Seals and Scrolls.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Macaulay, Sara Grove

    2000-01-01

    Describes an art unit in which students sculpt a signature seal out of clay and use Chinese brush painting techniques to paint a scroll. Discusses the seal and its historical use in China. Lists materials needed and explains the procedure. (CMK)

  1. Anxiety-free Urinalysis.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Schwartz, Marjorie F.

    1989-01-01

    Discusses simple analysis of urine in the classroom. Describes the materials and procedures for the analysis. Provides a laboratory report giving characteristics of: (1) odor, color, and clarity; (2) specific gravity; (3) sediment; (4) test strips; and (5) albumin and phosphates. (YP)

  2. Laboratory Exercise to Evaluate Hay Preservatives.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McGraw, R. L.; And Others

    1990-01-01

    Presented is a laboratory exercise designed to demonstrate the effects of moisture on hay preservation products in a manner that does not require large amounts of equipment or instructor time. Materials, procedures, and probable results are discussed. (CW)

  3. The Greenhouse: A Place for Year-Round Plant Investigations.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hanif, Muhammad

    1989-01-01

    Activities that may take place in a greenhouse are discussed. Included are learning how to grow plants, plant growth, soil, vegetative reproduction, and plant habitat adaptations. Materials, procedures, and results are presented for the activities. (CW)

  4. Cooperative program for design, fabrication, and testing of graphite/epoxy composite helicopter shafting

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wright, C. C.; Baker, D. J.; Corvelli, N.; Thurston, L.; Clary, R.; Illg, W.

    1971-01-01

    The fabrication of UH-1 helicopter tail rotor drive shafts from graphite/epoxy composite materials is discussed. Procedures for eliminating wrinkles caused by lack of precure compaction are described. The development of the adhesive bond between aluminum end couplings and the composite tube is analyzed. Performance tests to validate the superiority of the composite materials are reported.

  5. Contribution of Awraja Pedagogical Centres in the Improvement of Education in Ethiopia. African Studies in Curriculum Development & Evaluation No. 6.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Habtegaber, Haile

    Teachers and teacher center personnel were used to gather evaluative information on Awraja Pedagogical Centers (APCs) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Teachers discussed their access to center facilities and services, and ratings of center materials and personnel. APC staff discussed their work, hours of center operation, procedures followed in the…

  6. Proppant flowback control additives

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Nguyen, P.D.; Weaver, J.D.; Parker, M.A.

    1996-12-31

    This paper describes the laboratory and field development of thermoplastic film materials used to reduce proppant flowback that can occur after fracturing treatments. The paper provides a summary of flowback mechanism theories and laboratory tests comparing flowback tendency for various types of treating procedures and materials. Some of these materials include angular proppant, proppant/fiber mixtures, and proppant with film strips tested over a wide range of temperature, closure stress, and flow-rate conditions. Field treatment procedures are discussed, and several case histories are presented. All of the methods evaluated were effective in reducing proppant flowback under certain conditions. Heat-shrink film cutmore » into thin slivers proved to provide flowback reduction over broad temperature and closure stress ranges and was found to cause little impairment to fracture conductivity with some dependency on use concentration, temperature, and closure stress. The film materials were more resistant to damage caused by blending and pumping than all other materials evaluated. In addition, proppant packs, including consolidated packs, were significantly more tolerant of large, repeated stress changes. Field results indicate that the use of the heat-shrink film material as a flowback control agent permits more aggressive bean-up procedures following conventional fracturing treatments. Conventional dry-additive metering systems were used to add the film material to the fracturing fluid proppant slurry.« less

  7. Plasticity - Theory and finite element applications.

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Armen, H., Jr.; Levine, H. S.

    1972-01-01

    A unified presentation is given of the development and distinctions associated with various incremental solution procedures used to solve the equations governing the nonlinear behavior of structures, and this is discussed within the framework of the finite-element method. Although the primary emphasis here is on material nonlinearities, consideration is also given to geometric nonlinearities acting separately or in combination with nonlinear material behavior. The methods discussed here are applicable to a broad spectrum of structures, ranging from simple beams to general three-dimensional bodies. The finite-element analysis methods for material nonlinearity are general in the sense that any of the available plasticity theories can be incorporated to treat strain hardening or ideally plastic behavior.

  8. Adhesive bonded structural repair. I - Materials and processes, damage assessment and repair

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wegman, Raymond F.; Tullos, Thomas R.

    1993-08-01

    A standard method for the repair of adhesive bonded and composite laminate structures is introduced. Suitable materials and equipment for making satisfactory repairs are identified. Methods by which structures may be inspected, both before and after repair, are discussed. The objective in selecting the methods and materials is to restore the structure to its original integrity, i.e., to make a permanent repair. The use of these methods is recommended to promote standardized repair procedures.

  9. Learning clinical procedures through Internet visual resources: a qualitative study amongst undergraduate students.

    PubMed

    Gao, X; Wong, L M; Chow, D Y S; Law, X J; Ching, L Y L

    2015-02-01

    Acquiring competency in performing clinical procedures is central to professional education of healthcare providers. Internet visual resources (IVR), defined as visual materials openly accessible on public websites, provides a new channel to learn clinical procedures. This qualitative study aimed to profile the experience and opinions of undergraduate students (in dentistry, medicine and nursing) in learning clinical procedures through IVR. From clinical degree programmes (Bachelor of Dental Surgery, Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery, and Bachelor of Nursing) of University of Hong Kong, 31 students were recruited to join six focus group discussions, which were transcribed and subjected to thematic analysis using inductive method, in which themes emerge from data. Students actively looked for IVRs through various means and used them for pre-clinical preparation, post-clinical revision, learning simple and advanced procedures, exploring alternative and updated techniques, and benchmarking against international peers. IVRs were valued for their visual stimulation, inclusion of a wide variety of real-life cases, convenience in access, user-friendliness and time-saving features. Students tended to share and discuss IVRs with their peers rather than with tutors, even when contents deviated from school teaching or faculty's e-learning materials. When doubts persisted, they chose to follow faculty guidelines for examination purpose. Students were frustrated sometimes by difficulties in judging the scientific quality, lack of immediate interactive discussions and loosely structured presentations in some IVRs. Teachers' attitudes towards IVR appeared to vary greatly. Despite the wide spectrum of experience and opinions, IVR was generally viewed by undergraduates from across clinical faculties as enhancing their clinical confidence and self-perceived competency, enriching their learning experience and serving as an important supplement to formal learning in the planned curriculum. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  10. Bulldozing Your Way Through Projectile Motion.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lamb, William G.

    1983-01-01

    Presents two models and two demonstrations targeted at student understanding of projectile motion as the sum of two independent, perpendicular vectors. Describes materials required, construction, and procedures used. Includes a discussion of teaching points appropriate to each demonstration or model. (JM)

  11. Physics Notes.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    School Science Review, 1983

    1983-01-01

    Presented are physics experiments, laboratory procedures, demonstrations, and classroom materials/activities. Experiments include: speed of sound in carbon dioxide; inverse square law; superluminal velocities; and others. Equipment includes: current switch; electronic switch; and pinhole camera. Discussion of mechanics of walking is also included.…

  12. Consumer Chemistry for Middle/Jr. High Students.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rakow, Steven J.; And Others

    1984-01-01

    Objectives, materials needed, procedures, discussion questions, and follow-up activities are provided for five experiments. They include (1) testing for sugars; (2) comparing sugar to artificial sweeteners; (3) chewing gum scientifically; (4) soap making; and (5) making toothpaste. (JN)

  13. Acid Rain Classroom Projects.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Demchik, Michael J.

    2000-01-01

    Describes a curriculum plan in which students learn about acid rain through instructional media, research and class presentations, lab activities, simulations, design, and design implementation. Describes the simulation activity in detail and includes materials, procedures, instructions, examples, results, and discussion sections. (SAH)

  14. Tested Demonstrations: Visualization of Buffer Action and the Acidifying Effect of Carbon Dioxide.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gilbert, George L., Ed.

    1985-01-01

    Presents a buffer demonstration which features visualization of the effects of carbon dioxide on pH. Background information, list of materials needed, procedures used, and a discussion of results obtained are included. (JN)

  15. Chemistry Notes.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    School Science Review, 1982

    1982-01-01

    Discusses laboratory procedures, classroom materials, and demonstrations including: a model for metallic/ionic structures; Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction; aids to teaching crystal structure; a metal displacement project; silver recovery from fixer and silver residues; iodine sublimation; nature of acids; card models for teaching bonding; and…

  16. Acid Rain: Activities for Science Teachers.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Johnson, Eric; And Others

    1983-01-01

    Seven complete secondary/college level acid rain activities are provided. Activities include overview; background information and societal implications; major concepts; student objectives; vocabulary/material lists; procedures; instructional strategies; and questions/discussion and extension suggestions. Activities consider effects of acid rain on…

  17. Proverbs: Worldly Wisdom.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Meixner, Linda L.

    1990-01-01

    Offers a two-day lesson plan for secondary literature classes, using biblical proverbs from the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible, Benjamin Franklin's "Poor Richard's Almanac," and anonymous adages. Identifies objectives, materials, procedure, evaluation, and suggests student projects. Includes proverbs for discussion and…

  18. How-To-Do-It: Environmental Pollution Effects Demonstrated by Metal Adsorption in Lichens.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Miller, James E.

    1988-01-01

    Presents an experiment to demonstrate the degree to which environmental cations are taken up by susceptible lichen organisms in the field. Discusses the preparation of materials, procedures and typical results for this short laboratory exercise. (CW)

  19. Toxicology of spacecraft materials

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Harris, E. S.

    1971-01-01

    The procedures for determining the toxicity of products outgassed from spacecraft structures are discussed. The test equipment involved in the tests and the criteria for acceptability are described. The use of animals as the final step in determining toxicity of a spacecraft environment is explained.

  20. How to Do It. Using the Allium Test to Detect Environmental Pollutants.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kendler, Barry S.; Koritz, Helen G.

    1990-01-01

    Described is a simple test which uses micro- and macro-observations of onion root tips to demonstrate mutagenic and other toxic effects of various contaminants. Discussed are materials, methods, microscopic procedures, and applications of this activity. (CW)

  1. Tested Demonstrations.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gilbert, George L., Ed.

    1985-01-01

    Describes two demonstrations that require almost no preparation time, are visually stimulating, and present a variety of material for class discussion (with sample questions provided). The first involves a sodium bicarbonate hydrochloric acid volcano; the second involves a dissolving polystyrene cup. Procedures used and information on…

  2. A Safe Lab on Nerve Gases.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Tucker, David C.

    1988-01-01

    Describes an experiment involving pineapples and gelatin that allows students to investigate the conditions that typically render an enzyme functionless, similar to the effect of nerve gasses. Discusses the materials, procedures, and results, drawing analogies to the effects of a nerve gas. (CW)

  3. Life Cycle Costs in Education: Operations & Maintenance Considered.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Moussatche, Helena; Languell-Urquhart, Jennifer; Woodson, Carol

    2000-01-01

    Discusses life cycle cost analysis when deciding on flooring finishes and examines operations and maintenance cost effectiveness relative to hard, resilient, and soft flooring. A chart of evaluated flooring materials' characteristics, appropriate maintenance procedures, and recommended frequency is included. (GR)

  4. A Rolling Sphere on a Tilted Rotating Turntable.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sambles, J. R.; And Others

    1983-01-01

    Describes an advanced high school/college experiment that illustrates the mechanics describing the motion of a rolling ball. Includes procedures used, discussions of vectoral and mathematical (calculus) solutions to the investigation, and sample student results using the recommended materials. (JM)

  5. Favorite Demonstrations: The Hair Roller as a Mind Bender: A Demonstration of Specific Heat and Heat of Fusion.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bonicamp, Judith M.; And Others

    1989-01-01

    Provides a demonstration for showing the usefulness of thermal principles to physical science students who have difficulty understanding conventional explanations. Outlines materials, procedures, discussion, and advantages of using this method. (RT)

  6. McCormick's Mayhem: "The Time To Learn To Dance Is Not Five Minutes before the Party." School Crisis Management Case Study.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bouleris, Sue; Collett, De Ette; Mauntler, Mike; Ray, Shirley

    This paper discusses the importance of a school's having procedures in place to deal with possible biological terrorist threats. It begins with a discussion of biological terrorism. It then provides the symptoms of anthrax, treatment options for anthrax, and precautions to take when suspicious of an attack with a hazardous material. The paper goes…

  7. Residual Gases in Crystal Growth Systems: Their Origin, Magnitude, and Dependence on the Processing Conditions

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Palosz, W.

    2003-01-01

    Residual gases present in closed ampoules may affect different crystal growth processes. Their presence may affect techniques requiring low pressures and affect the crystal quality in different ways. For that reason a good understanding and control of formation of residual gases may be important for an optimum design and meaningful interpretation of crystal growth experiments. Our extensive experimental and theoretical study includes degassing of silica glass and generation of gases from various source materials. Different materials processing conditions, like outgassing under vacuum, annealing in hydrogen, resublimation, different material preparation procedures, multiple annealings, different processing times, and others were applied and their effect on the amount and composition of gas were analyzed. The experimental results were interpreted based on theoretical calculations on diffusion in silica glass and source materials and thermochemistry of the system. Procedures for a reduction of the amount of gas are also discussed.

  8. Environmental effects on composite airframes: A study conducted for the ARM UAV Program (Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Unmanned Aerospace Vehicle)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Noguchi, R.A.

    1994-06-01

    Composite materials are affected by environments differently than conventional airframe structural materials are. This study identifies the environmental conditions which the composite-airframe ARM UAV may encounter, and discusses the potential degradation processes composite materials may undergo when subjected to those environments. This information is intended to be useful in a follow-on program to develop equipment and procedures to prevent, detect, or otherwise mitigate significant degradation with the ultimate goal of preventing catastrophic aircraft failure.

  9. Porous Networks Through Colloidal Templates

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Qin; Retsch, Markus; Wang, Jianjun; Knoll, Wolfgang; Jonas, Ulrich

    Porous networks represent a class of materials with interconnected voids with specific properties concerning adsorption, mass and heat transport, and spatial confinement, which lead to a wide range of applications ranging from oil recovery and water purification to tissue engineering. Porous networks with well-defined, highly ordered structure and periodicities around the wavelength of light can furthermore show very sophisticated optical properties. Such networks can be fabricated from a very large range of materials by infiltration of a sacrificial colloidal crystal template and subsequent removal of the template. The preparation procedures reported in the literature are discussed in this review and the resulting porous networks are presented with respect to the underlying material class. Furthermore, methods for hierarchical superstructure formation and functionalization of the network walls are discussed.

  10. Determination of the reduced matrix of the piezoelectric, dielectric, and elastic material constants for a piezoelectric material with C∞ symmetry.

    PubMed

    Sherrit, Stewart; Masys, Tony J; Wiederick, Harvey D; Mukherjee, Binu K

    2011-09-01

    We present a procedure for determining the reduced piezoelectric, dielectric, and elastic coefficients for a C(∞) material, including losses, from a single disk sample. Measurements have been made on a Navy III lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic sample and the reduced matrix of coefficients for this material is presented. In addition, we present the transform equations, in reduced matrix form, to other consistent material constant sets. We discuss the propagation of errors in going from one material data set to another and look at the limitations inherent in direct calculations of other useful coefficients from the data.

  11. Chemistry of vaporization of refractory materials

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gilles, P. W.

    1975-01-01

    A discussion is given of the principles of physical chemistry important in vaporization studies, notably the concepts of equilibrium, phase behavior, thermodynamics, solid solution, and kinetics. The important factors influencing equilibrium vaporization phenomena are discussed and illustrated. A proper course of a vaporization study consisting of 9 stages is proposed. The important experimental techniques of Knudsen effusion, Langmuir vaporization and mass spectrometry are discussed. The principles, the factors, the course of a study and the experimental techniques and procedures are illustrated by recent work on the Ti-O system.

  12. Restriction Enzyme Mapping: A Simple Student Practical.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Higgins, Stephen J.; And Others

    1990-01-01

    An experiment that uses the recombinant plasmid pX1108 to illustrate restriction mapping is described. The experiment involves three restriction enzymes and employs single and double restriction enzyme digestions. A list of needed materials, procedures, safety precautions, results, and discussion are included. (KR)

  13. Tourism and Geography.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Longmire, Joan M.

    1997-01-01

    Presents a lesson outline in which students study the application of geography to the tourism industry by first discussing tourism, then researching various tourist destinations and comparing them. Notes the geographic skills and national standards addressed, materials needed, lesson objective, suggested teaching procedures, and a student handout.…

  14. How-To-Do-It: Recombinant DNA Made Easy: I. "Jumping Genes."

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Thomson, Robert G.

    1988-01-01

    Presents as part I of a two-part series a study involving the intercellular transfer of bacterial DNA that codes for the resistance to antibiotics. Demonstrates to students that such transfers occur. Discusses laboratory procedures, materials and results. (CW)

  15. How to Do It. Impact of Environmental Factors on Populations of Soil Microorganisms.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Robert, Francoise M.

    1990-01-01

    Described are simple experiments designed to demonstrate the effect of some factors of the environment (dryness, temperature, and fungicide application) on the size of some populations of soil microorganisms. Materials, media, techniques, procedures, and results are discussed. (CW)

  16. Repurposing Existing Material for Performance Support.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Harvey, Francis A.; Nelson, Adam

    1995-01-01

    Presents an overview of performance support systems (PSS), describes their role in promoting productivity in agile organizations, and discusses issues related to developing effective performance support using existing orientation, training, or procedural manuals. Topics include strategic principles of agility, and adding value when incorporating…

  17. How to Do It. Plant Eco-Physiology: Experiments on Crassulacean Acid Metabolism, Using Minimal Equipment.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Friend, Douglas J. C.

    1990-01-01

    Features of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism plants are presented. Investigations of a complex eco-physiological plant adaptation to the problems of growth in an arid environment are discussed. Materials and procedures for these investigations are described. (CW)

  18. Infant Visual Expectations: Advances and Issues.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Haith, Marshall M.; Wass, Tara S.; Adler, Scott A.

    1997-01-01

    Speculates on underlying processes for the reaction time variance and age differences in anticipation latency using the Visual Expectation Paradigm. Discusses the dichotomization of reactive and anticipatory behavior, limitations of longitudinal designs, drawbacks in using standard procedures and materials, and inferences that can be made…

  19. Holography without Fuss.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Davies, Steve

    1989-01-01

    Outlines what a hologram is, the main types of holography, and how a simple system producing a white light reflection hologram can be set up in a school physics laboratory. Discusses the basic optics of the hologram and procedures and materials for making holograms in school. (YP)

  20. An investigation of the self-heating phenomenon in viscoelastic materials subjected to cyclic loadings accounting for prestress

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    de Lima, A. M. G.; Rade, D. A.; Lacerda, H. B.; Araújo, C. A.

    2015-06-01

    It has been demonstrated by many authors that the internal damping mechanism of the viscoelastic materials offers many possibilities for practical engineering applications. However, in traditional procedures of analysis and design of viscoelastic dampers subjected to cyclic loadings, uniform, constant temperature is generally assumed and do not take into account the self-heating phenomenon. Moreover, for viscoelastic materials subjected to dynamic loadings superimposed on static preloads, such as engine mounts, these procedures can lead to poor designs or even severe failures since the energy dissipated within the volume of the material leads to temperature rises. In this paper, a hybrid numerical-experimental investigation of effects of the static preloads on the self-heating phenomenon in viscoelastic dampers subjected to harmonic loadings is reported. After presenting the theoretical foundations, the numerical and experimental results obtained in terms of the temperature evolutions at different points within the volume of the viscoelastic material for various static preloads are compared, and the main features of the methodology are discussed.

  1. Thermoviscoelastic characterization and prediction of Kevlar/epoxy composite laminates

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gramoll, K. C.; Dillard, D. A.; Brinson, H. F.

    1990-01-01

    The thermoviscoelastic characterization of Kevlar 49/Fiberite 7714A epoxy composite lamina and the development of a numerical procedure to predict the viscoelastic response of any general laminate constructed from the same material were studied. The four orthotropic material properties, S sub 11, S sub 12, S sub 22, and S sub 66, were characterized by 20 minute static creep tests on unidirectional (0) sub 8, (10) sub 8, and (90) sub 16 lamina specimens. The Time-Temperature Superposition-Principle (TTSP) was used successfully to accelerate the characterization process. A nonlinear constitutive model was developed to describe the stress dependent viscoelastic response for each of the material properties. A numerical procedure to predict long term laminate properties from lamina properties (obtained experimentally) was developed. Numerical instabilities and time constraints associated with viscoelastic numerical techniques were discussed and solved. The numerical procedure was incorporated into a user friendly microcomputer program called Viscoelastic Composite Analysis Program (VCAP), which is available for IBM PC type computers. The program was designed for ease of use. The final phase involved testing actual laminates constructed from the characterized material, Kevlar/epoxy, at various temperatures and load level for 4 to 5 weeks. These results were compared with the VCAP program predictions to verify the testing procedure and to check the numerical procedure used in the program. The actual tests and predictions agreed for all test cases which included 1, 2, 3, and 4 fiber direction laminates.

  2. Hot recycling of asphaltic concrete pavement : IR-15-3(8)121, Wildcat to Pine Creek

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1981-02-01

    There are various methods of pavement material recycling. This report is devoted to hot-mix plant recycling considerations and procedures. The several phases of the hot-mix recycling process are discussed separately, including removal and size reduct...

  3. The Plain Rapper. Revised.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    New Hampshire Educational Media Association, Concord.

    This is a guide to policies and procedures for instructional material selection and reconsideration for school media personnel. It includes the basic statements, interpretations, writings, and forms from national library and teacher organizations. A major section discusses legal precedents in the area of intellectual freedom, in addition to…

  4. Measuring Plant Water Status: A Simple Method for Investigative Laboratories.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mansfield, Donald H.; Anderson, Jay E.

    1980-01-01

    Describes a method suitable for quantitative studies of plant water status conducted by high school or college students and the calculation of the relative water content (RWC) of a plant. Materials, methods, procedures, and results are discussed, with sample data figures provided. (CS)

  5. "Yes! Animation Is Possible with Your Videotape Recorder!"

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Martino, Alfreda; Martin, Ron

    1987-01-01

    Describes a project in which students are involved in producing an animated videotape recording and discusses the advantages of modern videotape equipment over other film media. An outline of the process covers materials used, storyboard and artwork production, videotaping procedures, and audio dubbing. (CLB)

  6. Children of War. [Lesson Plan].

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Discovery Communications, Inc., Bethesda, MD.

    This lesson plan presents activities in which students read, analyze, and discuss excerpts from children's war diaries; and create a storyboard for a public service announcement on children's rights in wartime. It includes objectives, materials, procedures, extension activities, excerpts of children's war diaries, suggested readings, and web…

  7. Safely Teaching Koch's Postulates on the Causation of Infectious Disease.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Stewart, Peter R.

    1990-01-01

    Described is an activity in which the interactions between a parasite and its host may be demonstrated using the relationship between yogurt and two species of bacteria. Background information on Koch's postulates is provided. Materials, laboratory procedures, and results are discussed. (CW)

  8. Let's Measure the Dielectric Constant of a Piece of Paper!

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Karlow, Edwin A.

    1991-01-01

    Described is a simple circuit with which students can observe the effect of common dielectric materials in a capacitor and measure the dielectric constant of a piece of paper. Discussed are the theory, apparatus construction, and experimental procedures for this activity. (CW)

  9. Infectious Waste in Camp.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Erceg, Linda Ebner

    1993-01-01

    As a result of new federal regulations, camps are revising procedures for waste disposal from their health centers. Discusses the importance of properly handling infectious material and developing written policies; determining how infectious waste can be incorporated safely into the general waste stream; and arranging for disposal. (LP)

  10. Materials Research Conducted Aboard the International Space Station: Facilities Overview, Operational Procedures, and Experimental Outcomes

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Grugel, Richard N.; Luz, Paul; Smith, Guy; Spivey, Reggie; Jeter, Linda; Gillies, Donald; Hua, Fay; Anikumar, A. V.

    2007-01-01

    The Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG) and Maintenance Work Area (MWA) are facilities aboard the International Space Station (ISS) that were used to successfully conduct experiments in support of, respectively, the Pore Formation and Mobility Investigation (PFMI) and the In-Space Soldering Investigation (ISSI). The capabilities of these facilities are briefly discussed and then demonstrated by presenting "real-time" and subsequently down-linked video-taped examples from the abovementioned experiments. Data interpretation, ISS telescience, some lessons learned, and the need of such facilities for conducting work in support of understanding materials behavior, particularly fluid processing and transport scenarios, in low-gravity environments is discussed.

  11. Materials Research Conducted Aboard the International Space Station: Facilities Overview, Operational Procedures, and Experimental Outcomes

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Grugel, R. N.; Luz, P.; Smith, G. A.; Spivey, R.; Jeter, L.; Gillies, D. C.; Hua, F.; Anilkumar, A. V.

    2006-01-01

    The Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG) and Maintenance Work Area (MWA) are facilities aboard the International Space Station (ISS) that were used to successfully conduct experiments in support of, respectively, the Pore Formation and Mobility Investigation (PFMI) and the In-Space Soldering Investigation (ISSI). The capabilities of these facilities are briefly discussed and then demonstrated by presenting real-time and subsequently down-linked video-taped examples from the abovementioned experiments. Data interpretation, ISS telescience, some lessons learned, and the need of such facilities for conducting work in support of understanding materials behavior, particularly fluid processing and transport scenarios, in low-gravity environments is discussed.

  12. Discrete Element Modeling (DEM) of Triboelectrically Charged Particles: Revised Experiments

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hogue, Michael D.; Calle, Carlos I.; Curry, D. R.; Weitzman, P. S.

    2008-01-01

    In a previous work, the addition of basic screened Coulombic electrostatic forces to an existing commercial discrete element modeling (DEM) software was reported. Triboelectric experiments were performed to charge glass spheres rolling on inclined planes of various materials. Charge generation constants and the Q/m ratios for the test materials were calculated from the experimental data and compared to the simulation output of the DEM software. In this paper, we will discuss new values of the charge generation constants calculated from improved experimental procedures and data. Also, planned work to include dielectrophoretic, Van der Waals forces, and advanced mechanical forces into the software will be discussed.

  13. Platelet-Rich Fibrin: An Autologous Fibrin Matrix in Surgical Procedures: A Case Report and Review of Literature

    PubMed Central

    Eshghpour, Majid; Majidi, Mohamad Reza; Nejat, Amir Hossein

    2012-01-01

    Introduction: The healing process after surgery is a challenging issue for surgeons. Various materials and techniques have been developed to facilitate this process and reduce its period. Fibrin adhesives are often used in cardiothoracic and vascular surgery to seal diffuse microvascular bleeding and in general and plastic surgery to seal wound borders. This Case report and literature review will introduce the various usages of platelet-rich fibrin in different surgical procedures and the method of producing the matrix. Case Report: A 24-year old man with periorbital skin avulsion treated with PRF membrane has been reported and discussed in this paper. Conclusion: Platelet-rich fibrin is a natural autologous fibrin matrix, which can be produced with a simple blood sample and a table centrifuge. The material has been used in a wide range of surgical procedures to shorten the healing period and reduce post-surgical complications. PMID:24303410

  14. HTGR fuels and core development program. Quarterly progress report for the period ending August 31, 1975

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    None

    1975-09-30

    Studies of reactions between core materials and coolant impurities, basic fission product transport mechanisms, core graphite development and testing, the development and testing of recyclable fuel systems, and physics and fuel management studies are described. Materials studies include irradiation capsule tests of both fuel and graphite. Experimental procedures and results are discussed and, where appropriate, the data are presented in tables, graphs, and photographs. (auth)

  15. Portable apparatus with CRT display for nondestructive testing of concrete by the ultrasonic pulse method

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Manta, G.; Gurau, Y.; Nica, P.; Facacaru, I.

    1974-01-01

    The development of methods for the nondestructive study of concrete structures is discussed. The nondestructive test procedure is based on the method of ultrasonic pulse transmission through the material. The measurements indicate that the elastic properties of concrete or other heterogeneous materials are a function of the rate of ultrasonic propagation. Diagrams of the test equipment are provided. Mathematical models are included to support the theoretical aspects.

  16. Composite materials: A compilation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1976-01-01

    Design, analysis and fabrication techniques for boron-aluminum composite-structure technology is presented and a new method of joining different laminated composites without mechanical fasteners is proposed. Also discussed is a low-cost procedure for rigidifying expanded honeycomb tubing and piping simulations. A brief note on patent information is added.

  17. Determining Enzyme Activity by Radial Diffusion

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Davis, Bill D.

    1977-01-01

    Discusses advantages of radial diffusion assay in determining presence of enzyme and/or rough approximation of amount of enzyme activities. Procedures are included for the preparation of starch-agar plates, and the application and determination of enzyme. Techniques using plant materials (homogenates, tissues, ungerminated embryos, and seedlings)…

  18. Roundworm Roundup.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hampton, Elaine

    1991-01-01

    Presents an activity in which students use microscopes to examine the diversity of the roundworm species that they obtained from water and soil samples. Discusses the role of roundworms in the ecosystem. Provides a lesson plan for teacher use that includes preparation information, materials needed, lesson procedures, and suggestions to extend the…

  19. Aerospace electrode line

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Miller, L.

    1980-01-01

    A facility which produces electrodes for spacecraft power supplies is described. The electrode assembly procedures are discussed. A number of design features in the production process are reported including a batch operation mode and an independent equipment module design approach for transfering the electrode materials from process tank to process tank.

  20. Physics Notes.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    School Science Review, 1983

    1983-01-01

    Discusses the Rugby clock as a source of project material, use of ZX81 for experimental science, computer dice analog, oil recovery from reservoirs, and computer simulation of Thompson's experiment for determining e/m for an electron. Activities/procedures are provided when applicable. Also presents questions (and answers) related to time-coded…

  1. The Rainbow Connection.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hutton, Bill; Smith, Wayne L.

    1984-01-01

    Provides materials needed and procedures to illustrate the reversible color changes in certain organic acids on bases due to changes in pH. The technique employs three indicators which are colorless in acidic solution but form primary colors in basic solutions. Also discusses the free energy curve presented in many textbooks. (JM)

  2. A New Paradigm of Fatigue Variability Behavior and Implications for Life Prediction (Preprint)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-06-01

    turbine engine materials is discussed. These were: the α+β titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo (Ti- 6 -2- 4 - 6 ) and a powder metallurgy (P/M) processed...MATERIALS AND EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE The materials in this study were an α+β titanium alloy, Ti- 6 -2- 4 - 6 and a P/M processed nickel-based superalloy. Two...and correlations between microstructure and loading variables vs. the mean behavior have been established in many cases [ 6 -9]. In α+β titanium alloys

  3. Bioactive Materials in Endodontics: An Evolving Component of Clinical Dentistry.

    PubMed

    Mohapatra, Satyajit; Patro, Swadheena; Mishra, Sumita

    2016-06-01

    Achieving biocompatibility in a material requires an interdisciplinary approach that involves a sound knowledge of materials science, bioengineering, and biotechnology. The host microbial-material response is also critical. Endodontic treatment is a delicate procedure that must be planned and executed properly. Despite major advances in endodontic therapy in recent decades, clinicians are confronted with a complex root canal anatomy and a wide selection of endodontic filling materials that, in turn, may not be well tolerated by the periapical tissues and may evoke an immune reaction. This article discusses published reports of various bioactive materials that are used in endodontic therapy, including calcium hydroxide, mineral trioxide aggregate, a bioactive dentin substrate, calcium phosphate ceramics, and calcium phosphate cements.

  4. [The applications of periodontal gingival surgery. Ⅱ: alternative materials].

    PubMed

    Mao, Er-Jia

    2018-04-01

    The main purposes of periodontal graft surgery include achieving root coverage, improving the clinical attachment level and keratinized tissue, and advancing the procedure of periodontal plastic surgery. Autogenous graft, such as subepithelial connective tissue graft-based procedure, provide the best outcomes for mean and complete root coverage, as well as increase in keratinized tissue. However, a disadvantage of the procedure is in the location of the operation itself: the additional surgical site (palate). Therefore, clinicians are always looking for graft substitutes. This article will discuss the evidence supporting the use of 1) acellular dermal matrix (ADM); 2) xenogeneic collagen matrix (XCM); 3) recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor (rhPDGF); 4) enamel matrix derivative (EMD); 5) guided tissue regeneration (GTR); 6) living cellular construct (LCC), all of which are used in conjunction with coronally advanced flaps as alternatives to autogenous donor tissue. The decision tree for treatments of Miller recession-type defects are also discussed.

  5. Kuhn-Tucker optimization based reliability analysis for probabilistic finite elements

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Liu, W. K.; Besterfield, G.; Lawrence, M.; Belytschko, T.

    1988-01-01

    The fusion of probability finite element method (PFEM) and reliability analysis for fracture mechanics is considered. Reliability analysis with specific application to fracture mechanics is presented, and computational procedures are discussed. Explicit expressions for the optimization procedure with regard to fracture mechanics are given. The results show the PFEM is a very powerful tool in determining the second-moment statistics. The method can determine the probability of failure or fracture subject to randomness in load, material properties and crack length, orientation, and location.

  6. Residual Gases in Crystal Growth Systems

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Palosz, W.

    2003-01-01

    Residual gases present in closed ampoules may affect different crystal growth processes. That seems to be particularly true under microgravity conditions where, due to weightlessness of the melt, the gases may lead to detached solidification and/or formation of voids and bubbles, as observed in the past. For that reason a good understanding and control of formation of residual gases is important for an optimum design and meaningful interpretation of crystal growth experiments. Our extensive experimental and theoretical studies of the subject, summarized in this paper, include degassing of silica glass and generation of gases from different source materials. Different materials processing conditions, like outgassing under vacuum, annealing in hydrogen, resublimation, different material preparation procedures, multiple annealings, different processing times, and others were applied and their effect on the amount and composition of gas were analyzed. The experimental results were interpreted based on theoretical calculations on diffusion in silica glass and source materials and thermochemistry of the system. Procedures for a reduction of the amount of gas are also discussed.

  7. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) of Chlorophyll Pigments.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Foote, Jerry

    1984-01-01

    Background information, list of materials needed, procedures used, and discussion of typical results are provided for an experiment on the thin layer chromatography of chlorophyll pigments. The experiment works well in high school, since the chemicals used are the same as those used in paper chromatography of plant pigments. (JN)

  8. Project Physics Teacher Guide 3, The Triumph of Mechanics.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA. Harvard Project Physics.

    Teaching procedures of Project Physics Unit 3 are presented to help teachers make effective use of learning materials. Unit contents are discussed in connection with teaching aid perspective, multi-media schedules, schedule blocks, and resource charts. Brief analyses are made for transparencies, 16mm films, and reader articles. Included is…

  9. Curriculum-Embedded Assessment in Mathematics.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Doig, Brian

    The curriculum-embedded procedures used to construct, validate, and refine assessment tasks for mathematics are described and discussed. Curriculum-embedded assessment places assessment tasks in the day-to-day context of the classroom. The test of a curriculum-embedded task is whether it could be regarded as curriculum material per se. In…

  10. The Paper River: A Demonstration of Externalities and Coase's Theorem.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hoyt, Gail M.; Ryan, Patricia L.; Houston, Robert G., Jr.

    1999-01-01

    Presents a classroom simulation in which one firm pollutes the water used by another. Includes a detailed outline and discussion of the preparations and materials required, and the procedure for running the simulation. Argues that students learn how property rights provide a market solution to pollution costs. (DSK)

  11. Determining the Kinetic Parameters Characteristic of Microalgal Growth.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Martinez Sancho, Maria Eugenie; And Others

    1991-01-01

    An activity in which students obtain a growth curve for algae, identify the exponential and linear growth phases, and calculate the parameters which characterize both phases is described. The procedure, a list of required materials, experimental conditions, analytical technique, and a discussion of the interpretations of individual results are…

  12. Preparation and Spectrophotometric Analysis of Hexaamminenickel(II) Chloride.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wieder, Grace M.

    1986-01-01

    Describes an experiment developed at Brooklyn College (New York) in which the preparation and ammonia analysis of an amminenickel(II) chloride is extended to include a spectrophotometric analysis for nickel. Discusses the materials needed and the procedure for the experiment which takes nine hours of laboratory work. (TW)

  13. Project Physics Teacher Guide 2, Motion in the Heavens.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA. Harvard Project Physics.

    Teaching procedures of Project Physics Unit 2 are presented to help teachers make effective use of learning materials. The unit contents are discussed in connection with teaching aid perspectives, multi-media schedules, schedule blocks, and resource charts. Analyses are made for transparencies, 16mm films, and reader articles. Included is…

  14. Project Physics Teacher Guide 6, The Nucleus.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA. Harvard Project Physics.

    Teaching procedures of Project Physics Unit 6 are presented to help teachers make effective use of learning materials. Unit contents are discussed in connection with teaching aid lists, multi-media schedules, schedule blocks, and resource charts. Brief summaries are made for transparencies, 16mm films, and reader articles. Included is information…

  15. Where Are We?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Waiveris, Charles; Craine, Timothy V.

    1996-01-01

    Discusses a simple procedure for determining our exact location on Earth based on the motion of celestial bodies and latitude and longitude. This hands-on activity requires students to design and construct an apparatus that will produce accurate measurements. The materials required are a knitting needle, a tape measure, and a sunny day. (AIM)

  16. Molten Salt Techniques for Students: Attacking Hematite with Pyrosulfate.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Atkinson, George F.

    1986-01-01

    Discusses materials needed, procedures used, and typical results obtained for an experiment involving a dry attack of ores with pyrosulfate flux. The experiment has been carried out by about 150 students a year with a demonstrator-to-student ratio of about 1:15 with no serious accidents. (JN)

  17. Project Physics Teacher Guide 4, Light and Electromagnetism.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA. Harvard Project Physics.

    Teaching procedures of Project Physics Unit 4 are presented to help teachers make effective use of learning materials. Unit contents are discussed in connection with teaching aid lists, multi-media schedules, schedule blocks, and resources charts. Brief summaries are made for transparencies, 16mm films, and reader articles. Included is information…

  18. Contamination control through filtration of microorganisms

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Stabekis, P. D.; Lyle, R. G.

    1972-01-01

    A description is given of the various kinds of gas and liquid filters used in decontamination and sterilization procedures. Also discussed are filtration mechanisms, characteristics of filter materials, and the factors affecting filter performance. Summaries are included for filter testing and evaluation techniques and the possible application of the filters to spacecraft sterilization.

  19. Driver and Traffic Safety Education Curriculum Guide.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Massachusetts State Dept. of Education, Boston. Bureau of Elementary and Secondary Education.

    Materials contained in this Massachusetts curriculum guide are based on concepts and procedures developed by the Highway Users Federation for Safety and Mobility. The guide examines the philosophy of driver education, discusses such legal aspects as certification of students and teachers, presents a comprehensive classroom and behind-the-wheel…

  20. How to reduce your fire insurance rates

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Dubain, M.

    1971-01-01

    Construction procedures and utilization of materials to reduce the cost of insuring large buildings against losses from fire are discussed. Examples of good and bad techniques in building construction and fire safety management are provided. The inadequacies of building codes and the hazards resulting from improper construction are examined.

  1. NASA publications manual 1974

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1974-01-01

    The various types of NASA publications are described, including formal series, contributions to external publications, informal papers, and supplementary report material. The physical appearance and reproduction procedures for the format of the NASA formal series are discussed, and samples are provided. Matters relating to organization, content, and general style are also considered.

  2. pH & Rate of Enzymatic Reactions.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Clariana, Roy B.

    1991-01-01

    A quantitative and inexpensive way to measure the rate of enzymatic reaction is provided. The effects of different pH levels on the reaction rate of an enzyme from yeast are investigated and the results graphed. Background information, a list of needed materials, directions for preparing solutions, procedure, and results and discussion are…

  3. Alternative Energy Sources. Experiments You Can Do...from Edison.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Benrey, Ronald M.; Schultz, Robert F.

    Eight experiments dealing with alternative energy sources are presented. Each experiment includes an introductory section which provides background information and discusses the promises and problems of the particular energy source, a list of materials needed to complete the experiment, and the procedures to be used. The experiments involve:…

  4. Research in nonlinear structural and solid mechanics

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mccomb, H. G., Jr. (Compiler); Noor, A. K. (Compiler)

    1980-01-01

    Nonlinear analysis of building structures and numerical solution of nonlinear algebraic equations and Newton's method are discussed. Other topics include: nonlinear interaction problems; solution procedures for nonlinear problems; crash dynamics and advanced nonlinear applications; material characterization, contact problems, and inelastic response; and formulation aspects and special software for nonlinear analysis.

  5. Weeding the School Library Media Collection.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    School Library Media Quarterly, 1984

    1984-01-01

    This document prepared by Calgary Board of Education, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, discusses a systematic approach to strengthening the library media collection. A statement of principle, what to weed, specific guides to weeding (by Dewey Decimal classification and type of material), what not to weed, procedures, and weeding follow-up are…

  6. The Synthesis of Proteins-A Simple Experiment To Show the Procedures and Problems of Using Radioisotopes in Biochemical Studies

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hawcroft, David M.

    1996-11-01

    Courses of organic chemistry frequently include studies of biochemistry and hence of biochemical techniques. Radioisotopes have played a major role in the understanding of metabolic pathways, transport, enzyme activity and other processes. The experiment described in this paper uses simple techniques to illustrate the procedures involved in working with radioisotopes when following a simplified metabolic pathway. Safety considerations are discussed and a list of safety rules is provided, but the experiment itself uses very low levels of a weak beta-emitting isotope (tritium). Plant material is suggested to reduce legal, financial and emotive problems, but the techniques are applicable to all soft-tissued material. The problems involved in data interpretation in radioisotope experiments resulting from radiation quenching are resolved by simple correction calculations, and the merits of using radioisotopes shown by a calculation of the low mass of material being measured. Suggestions for further experiments are given.

  7. ANSI/AIAA S-081A, Pressure Vessel Standards Implementation Guidelines

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Greene, Nathanael J.

    2009-01-01

    The stress rupture specification for Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessels (COPV) is discussed. The composite shell of the COPV shall be designed to meet the design life considering the time it is under sustained load. A Mechcanical Damage Control Plan (MDCP) shall be created and implemented that assures the COPV will not fail due to mechanical damage due to manufacturing, testing, shipping, installation, or flight. Proven processes and procedures for fabrication and repair shall be used to preclude damage or material degradation during material processing, manufacturing operations, and refurbushment.Selected NDI techniques for the liner and/or boss(es) shall be performed before overwrapping with composite. When visual inspection reveals mechanical damage or defects exceeding manufacturing specification levels (and standard repair procedures), the damaged COPV shall be submitted to a material review board (MRB) for disposition. Every COPV shall be subjected to visual and other non-destructive inspection (NDI), per the inspection plan.

  8. Designing Flight Deck Procedures

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Degani, Asaf; Wiener, Earl

    2005-01-01

    Three reports address the design of flight-deck procedures and various aspects of human interaction with cockpit systems that have direct impact on flight safety. One report, On the Typography of Flight- Deck Documentation, discusses basic research about typography and the kind of information needed by designers of flight deck documentation. Flight crews reading poorly designed documentation may easily overlook a crucial item on the checklist. The report surveys and summarizes the available literature regarding the design and typographical aspects of printed material. It focuses on typographical factors such as proper typefaces, character height, use of lower- and upper-case characters, line length, and spacing. Graphical aspects such as layout, color coding, fonts, and character contrast are discussed; and several cockpit conditions such as lighting levels and glare are addressed, as well as usage factors such as angular alignment, paper quality, and colors. Most of the insights and recommendations discussed in this report are transferable to paperless cockpit systems of the future and computer-based procedure displays (e.g., "electronic flight bag") in aerospace systems and similar systems that are used in other industries such as medical, nuclear systems, maritime operations, and military systems.

  9. Qualification Status of Non-Asbestos Internal Insulation in the Reusable Solid Rocket Motor Program

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Clayton, Louie

    2011-01-01

    This paper provides a status of the qualification efforts associated with NASA's RSRMV non-asbestos internal insulation program. For many years, NASA has been actively engaged in removal of asbestos from the shuttle RSRM motors due to occupation health concerns where technicians are working with an EPA banned material. Careful laboratory and subscale testing has lead to the downselect of a organic fiber known as Polybenzimidazol to replace the asbestos fiber filler in the existing synthetic rubber copolymer Nitrile Butadiene - now named PBI/NBR. Manufacturing, processing, and layup of the new material has been a challenge due to the differences in the baseline shuttle RSRM internal insulator properties and PBI/NBR material properties. For this study, data gathering and reduction procedures for thermal and chemical property characterization for the new candidate material are discussed. Difficulties with test procedures, implementation of properties into the Charring Material Ablator (CMA) codes, and results correlation with static motor fire data are provided. After two successful five segment motor firings using the PBI/NBR insulator, performance results for the new material look good and the material should eventually be qualified for man rated use in large solid rocket motor applications.

  10. The New World of Human Genetics: A dialogue between Practitioners & the General Public on Ethical, Legal & Social Implications of the Human Genome Project

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Schofield, Amy

    The history and reasons for launching the Human Genome project and the current uses of genetic human material; Identifying and discussing the major issues stemming directly from genetic research and therapy-including genetic discrimination, medical/ person privacy, allocation of government resources and individual finances, and the effect on the way in which we perceive the value of human life; Discussing the sometimes hidden ethical, social and legislative implications of genetic research and therapy such as informed consent, screening and preservation of genetic materials, efficacy of medical procedures, the role of the government, and equal access to medical coverage.

  11. Considerations for ceramic inlays in posterior teeth: a review

    PubMed Central

    Hopp, Christa D; Land, Martin F

    2013-01-01

    This review of ceramic inlays in posterior teeth includes a review of the history of ceramic restorations, followed by common indications and contraindications for their use. A discussion on the potential for tooth wear is followed by a review of recommended preparation design considerations, fabrication methods, and material choices. Despite the improved materials available for fabrication of porcelain inlays, fracture remains a primary mode of inlay failure. Therefore, a brief discussion on strengthening methods for ceramics is included. The review concludes with a section on luting considerations, and offers the clinician specific recommendations for luting procedures. In conclusion, inlay success rates and longevity, as reported in the literature, are summarized. PMID:23750101

  12. Solar industrial process heat systems: An assessment of standards for materials and components

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rossiter, W. J.; Shipp, W. E.

    1981-09-01

    A study was conducted to obtain information on the performance of materials and components in operational solar industrial process heat (PH) systems, and to provide recommendations for the development of standards including evaluative test procedures for materials and components. An assessment of the needs for standards for evaluating the long-term performance of materials and components of IPH systems was made. The assessment was based on the availability of existing standards, and information obtained from a field survey of operational systems, the literature, and discussions with individuals in the industry. Field inspections of 10 operational IPH systems were performed.

  13. Application of Glass Fiber Reinforced Cement in Exhibition Decoration Project

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Yao

    2018-02-01

    Through the study of GRC material and its application field, the aesthetic characteristics and functional characteristics of GRC materials are demonstrated. The decorative application and technology of GRC material in an art exhibition center are highlighted. The design, application and construction technology of GRC curtain wall and ceiling board in the interior and exterior decoration of art exhibition hall are discussed in detail. The unique advantages of GRC materials in exhibition engineering decoration are fully reflected. In practical design application, the application principle and method are summarized, and an application procedure is formed. The research proves that GRC materials in the art of building decoration engineering has an underrated advantage.

  14. Second Conference on NDE for Aerospace Requirements

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Woodis, Kenneth W. (Compiler); Bryson, Craig C. (Compiler); Workman, Gary L. (Compiler)

    1990-01-01

    Nondestructive evaluation and inspection procedures must constantly improve rapidly in order to keep pace with corresponding advances being made in aerospace material and systems. In response to this need, the 1989 Conference was organized to provide a forum for discussion between the materials scientists, systems designers, and NDE engineers who produce current and future aerospace systems. It is anticipated that problems in current systems can be resolved more quickly and that new materials and structures can be designed and manufactured in such a way as to be more easily inspected and to perform reliably over the life cycle of the system.

  15. Methods for Casting Subterranean Ant Nests

    PubMed Central

    Tschinkel, Walter R.

    2010-01-01

    The study of subterranean ant nests has been impeded by the difficulty of rendering their structures in visible form. Here, several different casting materials are shown to make perfect casts of the underground nests of ants. Each material (dental plaster, paraffin wax, aluminum, zinc) has advantages and limitations, which are discussed. Some of the materials allow the recovery of the ants entombed in the casts, allowing a census of the ants to be connected with features of their nest architecture. The necessary equipment and procedures are described in the hope that more researchers will study this very important aspect of ant natural history. PMID:20673073

  16. Thermal and mechanical treatments for nickel and some nickel-base alloys: Effects on mechanical properties

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hall, A. M.; Beuhring, V. F.

    1972-01-01

    This report deals with heat treating and working nickel and nickel-base alloys, and with the effects of these operations on the mechanical properties of the materials. The subjects covered are annealing, solution treating, stress relieving, stress equalizing, age hardening, hot working, cold working, combinations of working and heat treating (often referred to as thermomechanical treating), and properties of the materials at various temperatures. The equipment and procedures used in working the materials are discussed, along with the common problems that may be encountered and the precautions and corrective measures that are available.

  17. Self-assembly micro optical filter

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Ping (Cerina); Le, Kevin; Malalur-Nagaraja-Rao, Smitha; Hsu, Lun-Chen; Chiao, J.-C.

    2006-01-01

    Optical communication and sensor industry face critical challenges in manufacturing for system integration. Due to the assembly complexity and integration platform variety, micro optical components require costly alignment and assembly procedures, in which many required manual efforts. Consequently, self-assembly device architectures have become a great interest and could provide major advantages over the conventional optical devices. In this paper, we discussed a self-assembly integration platform for micro optical components. To demonstrate the adaptability and flexibility of the proposed optical device architectures, we chose a commercially available MEMS fabrication foundry service - MUMPs (Multi-User MEMS Process). In this work, polysilicon layers of MUMPS are used as the 3-D structural material for construction of micro component framework and actuators. However, because the polysilicon has high absorption in the visible and near infrared wavelength ranges, it is not suitable for optical interaction. To demonstrate the required optical performance, hybrid integration of materials was proposed and implemented. Organic compound materials were applied on the silicon-based framework to form the required optical interfaces. Organic compounds provide good optical transparency, flexibility to form filters or lens and inexpensive manufacturing procedures. In this paper, we have demonstrated a micro optical filter integrated with self-assembly structures. We will discuss the self-assembly mechanism, optical filter designs, fabrication issues and results.

  18. Preparation of 152Gd targets from a small quantity of gadolinium oxide in a pyrochemical reaction

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lipski, A. R.

    1995-02-01

    A simple method utilizing small amounts (< 5 mg) of isotopically enriched material for the production of gadolinium targets is discussed. An electrostatically focused e-gun is used in the procedure in which 152Gd 2O 3 powder undergoes reduction-distillation and deposition onto an Fe foil.

  19. Project Physics Teacher Guide 5, Models of the Atom.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA. Harvard Project Physics.

    Teaching procedures of Project Physics Unit 5 are presented to help teachers make effective use of learning materials. Unit contents are discussed in connection with teaching aid lists, multi-media schedules, schedule blocks, and resource charts. Brief summaries are made for transparencies, 16mm films, and reader articles. Included is information…

  20. Studies of thermionic materials for space power applications

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1971-01-01

    Service life tests of LC-8 and LC-9 carbide-fueled thermionic converters are discussed. Post operational tests of the converters to show emitter diametric change, microstructures of cladding and fuel, and analysis of fuel composition are described. The fabrication and performance of high temperature thermocouples used in the test procedures are included.

  1. 78 FR 46516 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Pennsylvania; Update to Materials...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-01

    ... for incorporating by reference Federally- approved SIPs, as a result of consultations between EPA and... and ``Identification of plan'' format are discussed in further detail in the May 22, 1997 Federal... ``good cause'' exemption in section 553(b)(3)(B) of the Administrative Procedures Act (APA) which, upon...

  2. The Slope Test: Applications in Formative Evaluation.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Baggaley, Jon; Brauer, Aaron-Henry

    1989-01-01

    Discusses problems with formative evaluation of educational materials and examines the slope test when used in a pretest/posttest multiple group (PPMG) design to adjust posttest scores treatment interaction studies. An example is given of the utility of the slope test and analysis of covariance procedure using an educational film about AIDS. (five…

  3. Nuclear Experiments You Can Do...from Edison.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Benrey, Ronald M.

    This booklet discusses some of the basic facts about nuclear energy and provides eight experiments related to these facts. The experiments (which include lists of materials needed and procedures used) involve: (1) an oil-drop model of a splitting atom; (2) a domino model of a chain reaction; (3) observing radioactivity with an electroscope; (4)…

  4. Measuring Very Small Quantities: Fascinating Suggestions for Math or Science.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Thompson, John Taylor

    1989-01-01

    Described are several activities for teaching children to determine mass and volume. Included are the masses of a water drop and a grain of rice; the volume of a water drop and small solids; and measuring the width of a hair. Procedures and materials for the activities are discussed. (CW)

  5. Orientation to Machine Shop. Safety, Machine Identification, Metal Identification.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Engelbrecht, Nancy; And Others

    These instructional materials provide an orientation to the machine shop for use at the postsecondary level. The first of three sections discusses four important areas of safety: (1) personal safety; (2) safety procedures; (3) safe work practices; and (4) fire prevention. The second section identifies and describes the general purposes of 12…

  6. A Study about Placement Support Using Semantic Similarity

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Katz, Marco; van Bruggen, Jan; Giesbers, Bas; Waterink, Wim; Eshuis, Jannes; Koper, Rob

    2014-01-01

    This paper discusses Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) as a method for the assessment of prior learning. The Accreditation of Prior Learning (APL) is a procedure to offer learners an individualized curriculum based on their prior experiences and knowledge. The placement decisions in this process are based on the analysis of student material by domain…

  7. Low carbon steel: Metallurgical structure vs. mechanical properties

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Shull, Robert D.

    1990-01-01

    The objective is to provide a low cost, simple experiment for either demonstration purposes or as a laboratory experiment that will teach the student the importance of the thermal-mechanical history of a metallic alloy in determining that material's mechanical behavior. Hairpins are subjected to various treatments. The experimental equipment and procedures are discussed.

  8. How-to-Do-It: Why Don't Cells Grow Larger? A Lab Exercise.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Stanek, Joseph A., Jr.

    1983-01-01

    Describes a laboratory investigation designed to analyze surface area to volume ratio related to cell division. Uses agar-gel "cells" with pH indicator added which are then "fed" acid for a measured time. Discusses procedures and materials used, providing a sample data table and important guiding questions. (JM)

  9. Hard ceramic coatings: an experimental study on a novel damping treatment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Patsias, Sophoclis; Tassini, Nicola; Stanway, Roger

    2004-07-01

    This paper describes a novel damping treatment, namely hard ceramic coatings. These materials can be applied on almost any surface (internal or external) of a component. Their effect is the significant reduction of vibration levels and hence the extension of life expectancy of the component. The damping features of air-plasma-sprayed ceramic coatings (for example amplitude dependence, influence of initial amplitude) are discussed and the experimental procedure employed for testing and characterising such materials is also described. This test procedure is based around a custom-developed rig that allows one to measure the damping (internal friction) of specimens at controlled frequencies, strain amplitudes and, if required, various temperatures. A commonly used Thermal Barrier Coating, Yttria Stabilised Zirconia (8%), is used to demonstrate the above mentioned features. The damping effectiveness of this coating is then compared against two established damping treatments: polymer Free Layer Damping (FLD) and Constrained Layer Damping (CLD). The paper discusses the major issues in characterising ceramic damping coatings and their damping effectiveness when compared against the "traditional" approaches. Finally, the paper concludes with suggestions for further research.

  10. Assessment of potential exposure to friable insulation materials containing asbestos

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kim, W. S.; Kuivinen, D. E.

    1980-01-01

    Asbestos and the procedures for assessing potential exposure hazards are discussed. Assessment includes testing a bulk sample of the suspected material for the presence of asbestos, and monitoring the air, if necessary. Based on field inspections and laboratory analyses, the health hazard is evaluated, and abatement measures are taken if a potential hazard exists. Throughout the assessment and abatement program, all applicable regulations are administered as specified by the Environmental Protection Agency and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

  11. Computer control of a scanning electron microscope for digital image processing of thermal-wave images

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gilbert, Percy; Jones, Robert E.; Kramarchuk, Ihor; Williams, Wallace D.; Pouch, John J.

    1987-01-01

    Using a recently developed technology called thermal-wave microscopy, NASA Lewis Research Center has developed a computer controlled submicron thermal-wave microscope for the purpose of investigating III-V compound semiconductor devices and materials. This paper describes the system's design and configuration and discusses the hardware and software capabilities. Knowledge of the Concurrent 3200 series computers is needed for a complete understanding of the material presented. However, concepts and procedures are of general interest.

  12. Facilities to Support Beamed Energy Launch Testing at the Laser Hardened Materials Evaluation Laboratory (LHMEL)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lander, Michael L.

    2003-05-01

    The Laser Hardened Materials Evaluation Laboratory (LHMEL) has been characterizing material responses to laser energy in support of national defense programs and the aerospace industry for the past 26 years. This paper reviews the overall resources available at LHMEL to support fundamental materials testing relating to impulse coupling measurement and to explore beamed energy launch concepts. Located at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, LHMEL is managed by the Air Force Research Laboratory Materials Directorate AFRL/MLPJ and operated by Anteon Corporation. The facility's advanced hardware is centered around carbon dioxide lasers producing output power up to 135kW and neodymium glass lasers producing up to 10 kilojoules of repetitively pulsed output. The specific capabilities of each laser device and related optical systems are discussed. Materials testing capabilities coupled with the laser systems are also described including laser output and test specimen response diagnostics. Environmental simulation capabilities including wind tunnels and large-volume vacuum chambers relevant to beamed energy propulsion are also discussed. This paper concludes with a summary of the procedures and methods by which the facility can be accessed.

  13. Reproduction in llamas and alpacas: a review.

    PubMed

    Smith, C L; Peter, A T; Pugh, D G

    1994-02-02

    In this review we attempt to compile and summarize the diverse and often contradictory material presented on the reproduction of llamas and alpacas (hereafter referred to as lamoids). Lamoids have recently gained international popularity, and theriogenologists are often asked to intervene in clinical management of reproductive problems of these animals. We therefore present a discussion of the reproductive anatomy, physiology, and behavior of llamas as well as the follicular dynamics as observed with ultrasonography. The nonsurgical embryo transfer procedure and the nutrient requirements of llamas are also discussed.

  14. All-optical Integrated Switches Based on Azo-benzene Liquid Crystals on Silicon

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-11-01

    Glass D263 SU8 Polymer Polymer NLC n̂ n̂ Refractive index @1.55 µm Materials n// = 1.689 n⊥= 1.502 n = 1.575 n = 1.516 E7 Glass D263 SU8 ...In the other case we have a nonlinear LCW based on glass substrates. It consists in a rectangular hollow realized in SU8 photoresist two glass...and discussion 5. All optical polymeric waveguide: methods, assumptions and procedure 6. All optical polymeric waveguide: results and discussion 7

  15. Investigation of Structure-Property Relationships in Systematic Series of Novel Polymers. [low frequency thermomechanical spectrometry of polymeric materials - computerized torsional braid experiments

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gillham, J. K.

    1974-01-01

    The results are discussed of the on-line interface of the Torsional Braid Analysis experiment to an Hierarchical Computer System for data acquisition, data reduction and control of experimental variables. Some experimental results are demonstrated and the data reduction procedures are outlined. Several modes of presentation of the final computer-reduced data are discussed in an attempt to elucidate possible interrelations between the thermal variation of the rigidity and loss parameters.

  16. A preliminary training guide for utilizing high-altitude, color-infrared photography in compiling soil maps

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Weaver, J. E.; Parkhurst, W. H.; Ward, J. F.; Almond, R. H.

    1977-01-01

    Instruction for acquiring and analytically processing small-scale color-infrared photography to perform a soil resources inventory over forests of the southern U.S. is provided. Planning the project; acquiring aerial photography, materials, equipment and supplemental data; and preparing the photography for analysis are discussed. The procedures for preparing ancillary and primary component overlays are discussed. The use of correlation charts and dichotomous keys for mountain landforms, water regime, and vegetation is explained.

  17. The role of standards in the development and implementation of clinical laboratory tests: a domestic and global perspective.

    PubMed

    Michaud, Ginette Y

    2005-01-01

    In the field of clinical laboratory medicine, standardization is aimed at increasing the trueness and reliability of measured values. Standardization relies on the use of written standards, reference measurement procedures and reference materials. These are important tools for the design and validation of new tests, and for establishing the metrological traceability of diagnostic assays. Their use supports the translation of research technologies into new diagnostic assays and leads to more rapid advances in science and medicine, as well as improvements in the quality of patient care. The various standardization tools are described, as are the procedures by which written standards, reference procedures and reference materials are developed. Recent efforts to develop standards for use in the field of molecular diagnostics are discussed. The recognition of standardization tools by the FDA and other regulatory authorities is noted as evidence of their important role in ensuring the safety and performance of in vitro diagnostic devices.

  18. Recording and reproduction of microwave holograms using a scanning procedure and their subsequent optical processing

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hetsch, J.

    1983-01-01

    Intensity distributions in nonoptical wave fields can be visualized and stored on photosensitive material. In the case of microwaves, temperature effects can be utilized with the aid of liquid crystals to visualize intensity distributions. Particular advantages for the study of intensity distributions in microwave fields presents a scanning procedure in which a microcomputer is employed for the control of a probe and the storage of the measured data. The present investigation is concerned with the employment of such a scanning procedure for the recording and the reproduction of microwave holograms. The scanning procedure makes use of an approach discussed by Farhat, et al. (1973). An eight-bit microprocessor with 64 kBytes of RAM is employed together with a diskette storage system.

  19. Practical issues relating to soil column chromatography for sorption parameter determination.

    PubMed

    Bi, Erping; Schmidt, Torsten C; Haderlein, Stefan B

    2010-08-01

    Determination of sorption distribution coefficients (K(d)) of organic compounds by a dynamic soil column chromatography (SCC) method was developed and validated. Eurosoil 4, quartz, and alumina were chosen as exemplary packing materials. Heterocyclic aromatic compounds were selected in the validation of SCC. The prerequisites of SCC with regard to column dimension, packing procedure, and sample injection volume are discussed. Reproducible soil column packing was achieved by addition of a pre-column and an HPLC pump for subsequent compression of the packed material. Various methods to determine retention times from breakthrough curves are discussed and the use of the half mass method is recommended. To dilute soil with inert material can prevent column-clogging and help to complete experiments in a reasonable period of time. For the chosen probe compounds, quartz rather than alumina proved a suitable dilution material. Non-equilibrium issue can be overcome by conducting the experiments under different flowrates and/or performing numerical simulation. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  20. Opinion survey: materials management and purchasing habits.

    PubMed

    1988-01-01

    This opinion survey was undertaken to gauge the current status of materials management and purchasing departments at hospitals throughout the southern and southeastern United States. The survey was based on lengthy telephone interviews (from 30 to 60 minutes) and followup discussions with materials managers, purchasing agents and administrators. Interviews covered a variety of topics, including: cost-containment strategies; group purchasing and consignment purchasing; and current and anticipated trends in materials management. Many questions were left open-ended, so the survey could gauge attitudes, as well as determine contemporary practices and procedures. (In some cases, respondents were also given the opportunity to comment on the statements of their peers, in order to corroborate and substantiate data.)

  1. Precision measurements of linear scattering density using muon tomography

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Åström, E.; Bonomi, G.; Calliari, I.; Calvini, P.; Checchia, P.; Donzella, A.; Faraci, E.; Forsberg, F.; Gonella, F.; Hu, X.; Klinger, J.; Sundqvist Ökvist, L.; Pagano, D.; Rigoni, A.; Ramous, E.; Urbani, M.; Vanini, S.; Zenoni, A.; Zumerle, G.

    2016-07-01

    We demonstrate that muon tomography can be used to precisely measure the properties of various materials. The materials which have been considered have been extracted from an experimental blast furnace, including carbon (coke) and iron oxides, for which measurements of the linear scattering density relative to the mass density have been performed with an absolute precision of 10%. We report the procedures that are used in order to obtain such precision, and a discussion is presented to address the expected performance of the technique when applied to heavier materials. The results we obtain do not depend on the specific type of material considered and therefore they can be extended to any application.

  2. Development of a Tomography Technique for Assessment of the Material Condition of Concrete Using Optimized Elastic Wave Parameters.

    PubMed

    Chai, Hwa Kian; Liu, Kit Fook; Behnia, Arash; Yoshikazu, Kobayashi; Shiotani, Tomoki

    2016-04-16

    Concrete is the most ubiquitous construction material. Apart from the fresh and early age properties of concrete material, its condition during the structure life span affects the overall structural performance. Therefore, development of techniques such as non-destructive testing which enable the investigation of the material condition, are in great demand. Tomography technique has become an increasingly popular non-destructive evaluation technique for civil engineers to assess the condition of concrete structures. In the present study, this technique is investigated by developing reconstruction procedures utilizing different parameters of elastic waves, namely the travel time, wave amplitude, wave frequency, and Q-value. In the development of algorithms, a ray tracing feature was adopted to take into account the actual non-linear propagation of elastic waves in concrete containing defects. Numerical simulation accompanied by experimental verifications of wave motion were conducted to obtain wave propagation profiles in concrete containing honeycomb as a defect and in assessing the tendon duct filling of pre-stressed concrete (PC) elements. The detection of defects by the developed tomography reconstruction procedures was evaluated and discussed.

  3. Quality control by HyperSpectral Imaging (HSI) in solid waste recycling: logics, algorithms and procedures

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bonifazi, Giuseppe; Serranti, Silvia

    2014-03-01

    In secondary raw materials and recycling sectors, the products quality represents, more and more, the key issue to pursuit in order to be competitive in a more and more demanding market, where quality standards and products certification play a preheminent role. These goals assume particular importance when recycling actions are applied. Recovered products, resulting from waste materials, and/or dismissed products processing, are, in fact, always seen with a certain suspect. An adequate response of the industry to the market can only be given through the utilization of equipment and procedures ensuring pure, high-quality production, and efficient work and cost. All these goals can be reached adopting not only more efficient equipment and layouts, but also introducing new processing logics able to realize a full control of the handled material flow streams fulfilling, at the same time, i) an easy management of the procedures, ii) an efficient use of the energy, iii) the definition and set up of reliable and robust procedures, iv) the possibility to implement network connectivity capabilities finalized to a remote monitoring and control of the processes and v) a full data storage, analysis and retrieving. Furthermore the ongoing legislation and regulation require the implementation of recycling infrastructure characterised by high resources efficiency and low environmental impacts, both aspects being strongly linked to the waste materials and/or dismissed products original characteristics. For these reasons an optimal recycling infrastructure design primarily requires a full knowledge of the characteristics of the input waste. What previously outlined requires the introduction of a new important concept to apply in solid waste recycling, the recycling-oriented characterization, that is the set of actions addressed to strategically determine selected attributes, in order to get goaloriented data on waste for the development, implementation or improvement of recycling strategies. The problems arising when suitable HyperSpectral Imaging (HSI) based procedures have to be developed and implemented to solid waste products characterization, in order to define time efficient compression and interpretation techniques, are thus analyzed and discussed in the following. Particular attention was also addressed to define an integrated hardware and software (HW and SW) platform able to perform a non-intrusive, non-contact and real-time analysis and embedding a core of analytical logics and procedures to utilize both at laboratory and industrial scale. Several case studies, referred to waste plastics products, are presented and discussed.

  4. 78 FR 44884 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; West Virginia; Update to Materials...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-25

    ... reference Federally- approved SIPs, as a result of consultations between EPA and the Office of the Federal...'' format are discussed in further detail in the May 22, 1997 Federal Register document. On February 10... under the ``good cause'' exemption in section 553(b)(3)(B) of the Administrative Procedures Act (APA...

  5. Physical Vapor Transport of Lead Telluride

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Palosz, W.

    1997-01-01

    Mass transport properties of physical vapor transport of PbTe are investigated. Thermochemical analysis of the system and its implications for the growth conditions are discussed. The effect of the material preparation and pre-processing on the stoichiometry and residual gas pressure and composition, and on related mass flux is shown. A procedure leading to high mass transport rates is presented.

  6. Acoustic emission analysis as a non-destructive test procedure for fiber compound structures

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Block, J.

    1983-01-01

    The concept of acoustic emission analysis is explained in scientific terms. The detection of acoustic events, their localization, damage discrimination, and event summation curves are discussed. A block diagram of the concept of damage-free testing of fiber-reinforced synthetic materials is depicted. Prospects for application of the concept are assessed.

  7. Suggested Resource and Instructional Materials for Obtaining Information About Careers. Bulletin No. 42-974.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Illinois State Office of Education, Springfield. Div. of Vocational and Technical Education.

    The guide contains a brief introductory discussion of occupational information concerns and secondary level program content and procedures. The remainder of the guide contains separately organized lists of resource organizations for publications and films, as well as titles and availability of publications, films, and articles for use in: (1) all…

  8. Timber rivet connections in US domestic species

    Treesearch

    Marshall Begel; Ronald W. Wolfe; Douglas C. Stahl

    2004-01-01

    This paper discusses results of tests conducted to expand the data base on the performance of timber rivet connections in U.S. domestic species to verify existing and proposed design procedures. Eight-, 80-, and 200-rivet connections were tested. The 8-rivet joint tests illustrate the effects of material type, rivet length, and load direction on the behavior of rivet...

  9. Allograft materials in phalloplasty: a comparative analysis.

    PubMed

    Solomon, Mark P; Komlo, Caroline; Defrain, Molly

    2013-09-01

    Allograft use has increased recently with the rising use of allograft materials in breast surgery. There are few data that compare the performance of the various allograft materials in this application, despite marketing efforts by the manufacturers to present one allograft material as superior to another. Phalloplasty is a procedure that uses allografts for penis girth augmentation. Preparation of these grafts differs with each manufacturer. We report our experience with 3 different types of allografts for this procedure. This allows for the comparison of these materials in their performance with a single model. Forty-seven patients who underwent penis girth enhancement with allograft material were reviewed. All patients underwent circumferential grafting to the shaft of the penis at the level of Buck's fascia. Graft materials included AlloDerm (n = 9), Belladerm (n = 20), and Repriza (n = 21). Charts were reviewed for material type, presence and type of infection, wound exposure, and graft loss with attention to the type of allograft material that was used. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 120 months with an average of 11.25 months. Infection, defined as an open wound with graft exposure, occurred in 20 (42%) of 47 patients. Of these, graft exposure only occurred in 17 (36%) patients, whereas 3 (6%) patients sustained total graft loss. Graft exposure or loss occurred in 3 patients who had AlloDerm, 9 patients with Belladerm, and 8 patients with Repriza. No patients with AlloDerm sustained graft loss, whereas 2 patients with Belladerm and 1 patient with Repriza sustained graft loss. There were no statistical differences among these graft types with regard to infection or graft loss. Three different brands of allograft material were used in 1 surgical procedure and followed up for their performance with regard to exposure and infection. In this model, there is no difference in the rate of infection in these materials despite their different methods of preparation. Implications of this fact are discussed in the approach surgeons should consider when using these materials.

  10. Emission spectrometric arcing procedure with minimal effect of chemical form of sample. [performed on refractory metal matrix composites

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gordon, W. A.

    1975-01-01

    Matrix effects related to the chemical form of analyzed materials were studied. An arc in argon was used which was buffered with silver chloride. The effect of chemical form was minimal for a variety of metals, oxides, and carbides representing the most refractory compounds and thermally stable metal-containing molecules. Only four of the most refractory materials known showed significant emission depressions due to incomplete volatilization in the arc system. These results are discussed in terms of vapor pressures of the solid materials placed on the anodes and dissociation reactions of the molecules in the gaseous environment.

  11. Comparison between instrumented precracked Charpy and compact specimen tests of carbon steels

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Nanstad, R.K.

    1980-01-01

    The General Atomic Company High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR) is housed within a prestressed concrete reactor vessel (PCRV). Various carbon steel structural members serve as closures at penetrations in the vessel. A program of testing and evaluation is underway to determine the need for reference fracture toughness (K/sub IR/) and indexing procedures for these materials as described in Appendix G to Section III, ASME Code for light water reactor steels. The materials of interest are carbon steel forgings (SA508, Class 1) and plates (SA537, Classes 1 and 2) as well as weldments of these steels. The fracture toughness behavior ismore » characterized with instrumented precracked Charpy V-votch specimens (PCVN) - slow-bend and dynamic - and compact specimens (10-mm and 25-mm thicknesses) using both linear elastic (ASTM E399) and elastic-plastic (equivalent Energy and J-Integral) analytical procedures. For the dynamic PCVN tests, force-time traces are analyzed according to the procedures of the Pressure Vessel Research Council (PVRC)/Metal Properties Council (MPC). Testing and analytical procedures are discussed and PCVN results are compared to those obtained with compact specimens.« less

  12. Global Harmonization of Quality Assurance Naming Conventions in Radiation Therapy Clinical Trials

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Melidis, Christos, E-mail: christos.melidis@eortc.be; Bosch, Walther R.; Izewska, Joanna

    2014-12-01

    Purpose: To review the various radiation therapy quality assurance (RTQA) procedures used by the Global Clinical Trials RTQA Harmonization Group (GHG) steering committee members and present the harmonized RTQA naming conventions by amalgamating procedures with similar objectives. Methods and Materials: A survey of the GHG steering committee members' RTQA procedures, their goals, and naming conventions was conducted. The RTQA procedures were classified as baseline, preaccrual, and prospective/retrospective data capture and analysis. After all the procedures were accumulated and described, extensive discussions took place to come to harmonized RTQA procedures and names. Results: The RTQA procedures implemented within a trial by themore » GHG steering committee members vary in quantity, timing, name, and compliance criteria. The procedures of each member are based on perceived chances of noncompliance, so that the quality of radiation therapy planning and treatment does not negatively influence the trial measured outcomes. A comparison of these procedures demonstrated similarities among the goals of the various methods, but the naming given to each differed. After thorough discussions, the GHG steering committee members amalgamated the 27 RTQA procedures to 10 harmonized ones with corresponding names: facility questionnaire, beam output audit, benchmark case, dummy run, complex treatment dosimetry check, virtual phantom, individual case review, review of patients' treatment records, and protocol compliance and dosimetry site visit. Conclusions: Harmonized RTQA harmonized naming conventions, which can be used in all future clinical trials involving radiation therapy, have been established. Harmonized procedures will facilitate future intergroup trial collaboration and help to ensure comparable RTQA between international trials, which enables meta-analyses and reduces RTQA workload for intergroup studies.« less

  13. Optical characterization of semiconductor materials by using FTIR-PAS

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Arévalo, Fabiola; Saavedra, Renato; Paulraj, M.

    2008-11-01

    In this paper we discuss the procedures for photoacoustic measurements for semiconducting materials, including bulk samples like Gallium Antimonide (GaSb). The optical absorption at photon energies near the band gap was measured at room temperature using Fourier Transform Infrared Photoacoustic spectroscopy (FTIR-PAS). Measurements were performed using a NEXUS 670 FTIR-spectrometer (from Thermo Nicolet) with a MTEC model 300 PA cell (MTEC Photoacoustics, Inc.). Optical properties of the studied samples were determined from their room temperature PA spectra and band gaps were calculated directly from absorption spectra

  14. Ultrasonic measurement of stress in 2219-T87 aluminum plate

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Clotfelter, W. N.; Risch, E. R.

    1976-01-01

    The basic relationship of ultrasonic signal velocity to directional subsurface stress is reviewed. Inappropriateness of dependency on a single correlative value of constant for a three dimensional stress field in metallic materials is discussed. Implementation of conventional ultrasonic nondestructive testing capabilities integrated to provide a composite technique for the measurement of orthogonal stress components is described, and the procedures for performing the preparatory calibration and subsequent stress field measurements are presented. In conclusion, the prime effect of stress on ultrasonic signal velocity occurs only in the direction of material excitation or particle motion.

  15. Health care facility-based decontamination of victims exposed to chemical, biological, and radiological materials.

    PubMed

    Koenig, Kristi L; Boatright, Connie J; Hancock, John A; Denny, Frank J; Teeter, David S; Kahn, Christopher A; Schultz, Carl H

    2008-01-01

    Since the US terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, concern regarding use of chemical, biological, or radiological weapons is heightened. Many victims of such an attack would present directly to health care facilities without first undergoing field decontamination. This article reviews basic tenets and recommendations for health care facility-based decontamination, including regulatory concerns, types of contaminants, comprehensive decontamination procedures (including crowd control, triage, removal of contaminated garments, cleaning of body contaminants, and management of contaminated materials and equipment), and a discussion of methods to achieve preparedness.

  16. Compatibility of refrigerants and lubricants with motor materials. Volume 1, Final report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Doerr, R.; Kujak, S.

    This volume contains the abstract, scope, discussion of results, charts of motor material compatibility, test procedures, material identifications, and 84 pages of data summary tables. Compatibility test results for 11 pure refrigerants and 17 refrigerant-lubricant combinations with 24 motor materials are included. The greatest effect on the motor materials was caused by adsorption followed by desorption of refrigerants at higher temperatures. High internal pressure of the adsorbed refrigerants and their tendency to evolve from the materials resulted in blisters, cracks, internal bubbles in the varnish, and delamination or bubbles in the sheet insulations. The second effect was extraction or dissolutionmore » of materials that lead to embrittlement of some sheet insulations. HCFC-22 and HCFC- 22/mineral oil had the most deleterious effects; the materials are expected to be reliable when used with most of the new refrigerants and lubricants. Tables.« less

  17. Measurements of radon concentrations in the lunar atmosphere

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Brodzinski, R. L.; Jackson, P. O.; Langford, J. C.

    1977-01-01

    The radon concentrations in the lunar atmosphere were determined by measuring the Po-210 progeny activity in artifacts returned from the moon. Experiments performed on a section of the polished aluminum strut from Surveyor 3 and data obtained from the Apollo 16 Cosmic Ray Detector Experiment Teflon thermal shield are compared with other values of the lunar radon concentration obtained at different times and different locations and by various techniques. Possible sources and release mechanisms compatible with all of the data are discussed. An experimental procedure to determine the relative retention coefficients of various types of material for radon progeny in a simulated lunar environment is described. The results of several experiments are given, and their effect on lunar radon progeny measurements is discussed. An analytical procedure is given for the analysis of a Teflon matrix for trace constituents.

  18. A survey of doctors at a UK teaching hospital to assess understanding of recent changes to consent law.

    PubMed

    O'Brien, J W; Natarajan, M; Shaikh, I

    2017-06-01

    The UK Supreme Court recently ruled that when consenting patients for treatments or procedures, clinicians must also discuss any associated material risks. We surveyed medical staff at a large UK teaching hospital in order to ascertain knowledge of consent law and current understanding of this change. Email survey sent to medical staff in all specialities at Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital in February 2016. 245 responses (141 Consultants and 104 junior doctors, response rate 32%). 82% consent patients for procedures at least monthly and 23% daily. 31% were not familiar with the concept of material risk. 35% were familiar with the recent change in consent law, 41% were not. 18% were "very uncertain" and 64% "a little uncertain" that their consenting process meets current legal requirements. >92% think that landmark cases and changes in law should be discussed through professional bodies and circulated better locally. The majority were not familiar with the concept of material risk and recent legal changes. A majority were not confident that their practice meets current requirements, suggesting that recent changes in consent law may not be widely understood at this hospital. We suggest more guidance and education may be necessary than is currently available. Increased understanding of recent changes to consent law will reduce the risk taken by NHS trusts and offer patients a service compliant with Supreme Court guidance.

  19. Emerging Telecommunications Technologies (Part 2). Hearing before the Subcommittee on Telecommunications and Finance of the Committee on Energy and Commerce on H.R. 1407, a Bill To Establish Procedures To Improve the Allocation and Assignment to the Electromagnetic Spectrum. House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, First Session.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Committee on Energy and Commerce.

    A discussion of H.R. 1407, a bill to establish procedures to improve the allocation and assignment to the electromagnetic spectrum centered on the current policy of allocating portions of the spectrum through lotteries and auction. This report includes a copy of the bill, the text of testimony presented and materials submitted for the record, and…

  20. Apollo experience report: Development of guidance targeting techniques for the command module and launch vehicle

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Yencharis, J. D.; Wiley, R. F.; Davis, R. S.; Holmes, Q. A.; Zeiler, K. T.

    1972-01-01

    The development of the guidance targeting techniques for the Apollo command module and launch vehicle is discussed for four types of maneuvers: (1) translunar injection, (2) translunar midcourse, (3) lunar orbit insertion, and (4) return to earth. The development of real-time targeting programs for these maneuvers and the targeting procedures represented are discussed. The material is intended to convey historically the development of the targeting techniques required to meet the defined target objectives and to illustrate the solutions to problems encountered during that development.

  1. What is Plagiarism?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Vishniac, Ethan T.

    2012-01-01

    Manuscripts submitted to The Astrophysical Journal are required to contain "novel and significant" material and to be free of plagiarism. There is a surprising amount of confusion regarding the definition of plagiarism and what constitutes prior publication. I will discuss the definitions used by the ApJ and the procedures we follow to to support this rule. Individual members of the community frequently show a very different understanding of these standards and are surprised at the conflict. Time allowing, I will briefly discuss some of the other common ethical problems that arise during the preparation and publication of articles.

  2. The Interaction of Bacteria with Engineered Nanostructured Polymeric Materials: A Review

    PubMed Central

    Armentano, Ilaria; Arciola, Carla Renata; Fortunati, Elena; Ferrari, Davide; Mattioli, Samantha; Amoroso, Concetta Floriana; Rizzo, Jessica; Kenny, Jose M.; Imbriani, Marcello; Visai, Livia

    2014-01-01

    Bacterial infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In spite of great advances in biomaterials research and development, a significant proportion of medical devices undergo bacterial colonization and become the target of an implant-related infection. We present a review of the two major classes of antibacterial nanostructured materials: polymeric nanocomposites and surface-engineered materials. The paper describes antibacterial effects due to the induced material properties, along with the principles of bacterial adhesion and the biofilm formation process. Methods for antimicrobial modifications of polymers using a nanocomposite approach as well as surface modification procedures are surveyed and discussed, followed by a concise examination of techniques used in estimating bacteria/material interactions. Finally, we present an outline of future sceneries and perspectives on antibacterial applications of nanostructured materials to resist or counteract implant infections. PMID:25025086

  3. Adaptation of Instructional Materials: A Commentary on the Research on Adaptations of "Who Polluted the Potomac"

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ercikan, Kadriye; Alper, Naim

    2009-01-01

    This commentary first summarizes and discusses the analysis of the two translation processes described in the Oliveira, Colak, and Akerson article and the inferences these researchers make based on their research. In the second part of the commentary, we describe procedures and criteria used in adapting tests into different languages and how they…

  4. Space and energy conservation housing prototype unit development

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sunshine, D. R.

    1975-01-01

    Construction plans are discussed for a house which will demonstrate the application of advanced technology to minimize energy requirements and to help direct further development in home construction by defining the interaction of integrated energy and water systems with building configuration and construction materials. Housing unit designs are provided and procedures for the analysis of a variety of housing strategies are developed.

  5. CNC Turning Center Operations and Prove Out. Computer Numerical Control Operator/Programmer. 444-334.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Skowronski, Steven D.

    This student guide provides materials for a course designed to instruct the student in the recommended procedures used when setting up tooling and verifying part programs for a two-axis computer numerical control (CNC) turning center. The course consists of seven units. Unit 1 discusses course content and reviews and demonstrates set-up procedures…

  6. The Sea of Simulation: Improving Naval Shiphandling Training and Readiness through Game-Based Learning

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-03-01

    Officer SWOI Surface Warfare Officer Introduction SWOS Surface Warfare Officers School xvii TFT Thin Film Transistor ULTRA Unit Level Training...designed the experiment , including participants, procedures, facilities selection, and materials. Chapter IV: Results and Discussion. This chapter...contains the results of experimentation and an interpretation of those results . Chapter V: Conclusions. This chapter provides an overall assessment

  7. The use of a single multielement standard for trace analysis in biological materials by external beam PIXE

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Biswas, S. K.; Khaliquzzaman, M.; Islam, M. M.; Khan, A. H.

    1984-04-01

    The validity of the use of a single multielement standard for mass calibration in thick-target external beam PIXE analysis of biological materials has been investigated. In this study, the NBS orchard leaf, SRM 1571, was used as the basic standard for trace element analysis in other biological materials. Using the present procedure, the concentrations of K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb and Sr were determined in several NBS reference materials such as bovine liver, spinach, rice flour, etc., generally in 20 μC irradiations with 2.0 MeV protons. The analytical results are compared with certified values of the NBS as well as with other measurements and the sources of errors are discussed.

  8. Radiation treatment for sterilization of packaging materials

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Haji-Saeid, Mohammad; Sampa, Maria Helena O.; Chmielewski, Andrzej G.

    2007-08-01

    Treatment with gamma and electron radiation is becoming a common process for the sterilization of packages, mostly made of natural or synthetic plastics, used in the aseptic processing of foods and pharmaceuticals. The effect of irradiation on these materials is crucial for packaging engineering to understand the effects of these new treatments. Packaging material may be irradiated either prior to or after filling. The irradiation prior to filling is usually chosen for dairy products, processed food, beverages, pharmaceutical, and medical device industries in the United States, Europe, and Canada. Radiation effects on packaging material properties still need further investigation. This paper summarizes the work done by different groups and discusses recent developments in regulations and testing procedures in the field of packaging technology.

  9. The Aesthetic Turn in Mental Health: Reflections on an Explorative Study into Practices in the Arts Therapies.

    PubMed

    Samaritter, Rosemarie

    2018-04-23

    The paper will draw on materials from arts therapies literature and comments from experts’ panels to discuss some specific characteristics of the arts therapies and to investigate the role of aesthetic engagement for resilience and mental well-being. The arts increasingly find their way as interventions in mental health domains. However, explorations into the specific mechanisms that underpin the therapeutic effect of arts-based activities are still scarce. Qualitative data were collected from a thematic literature review and expert comments on meaningful working procedures in arts therapies. Analysis of multiple data sources revealed core themes and core procedures that occur across arts therapy modalities. This paper presents a practice informed model of arts-based methods in mental health that may serve as a conceptual frame of reference for arts therapists and as study material on the applicability of arts therapy interventions for specific mental health settings.

  10. The Aesthetic Turn in Mental Health: Reflections on an Explorative Study into Practices in the Arts Therapies

    PubMed Central

    Samaritter, Rosemarie

    2018-01-01

    The paper will draw on materials from arts therapies literature and comments from expert panels to discuss some specific characteristics of the arts therapies and to investigate the role of aesthetic engagement for resilience and mental well-being. The arts increasingly find their way as interventions in mental health domains. However, explorations into the specific mechanisms that underpin the therapeutic effect of arts-based activities are still scarce. Qualitative data were collected from a thematic literature review and experts’ comments on meaningful working procedures in arts therapies. Analysis of multiple data sources revealed core themes and core procedures that occur across arts therapy modalities. This paper presents a practice informed model of arts-based methods in mental health that may serve as a conceptual frame of reference for arts therapists and as study material on the applicability of arts therapy interventions for specific mental health settings. PMID:29690592

  11. Mental imagery and learning: a qualitative study in orthopaedic trauma surgery.

    PubMed

    Ibrahim, Edward F; Richardson, Martin D; Nestel, Debra

    2015-09-01

    Good preparation for surgical procedures has been linked to better performance and enhanced learning in the operating theatre. Mental imagery is increasingly used to enhance performance in competitive sport and there has been recent interest in applying this in surgery. This study aims to identify the mental imagery components of preoperative preparation in orthopaedic trauma surgery and to locate these practices in existing socio-material theory in order to produce a model useful for surgical skills training. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine orthopaedic surgeons. Participants were identified by personal recommendation as regularly performing complex trauma operations to a high standard, and by affiliation to an international instruction course in trauma surgery. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcripts were independently analysed using thematic analysis. Analysis revealed that surgeons interact intensively with multiple colleagues and materials during their preparatory activities. Such interactions stimulate mental imagery in order to build strategy and rehearse procedures, which, in turn, stimulate preparatory interactions. Participants identified the discussion of a preoperative 'plan' as a key engagement tool for training junior surgeons and as a form of currency by which a trainee may increase his or her participation in a procedure. Preoperative preparation can be thought of as a socio-material ontology requiring a surgeon to negotiate imaginal, verbal and physical interactions with people, materials and his or her own mental imagery. Actor-network theory is useful for making sense of these interactions and for allowing surgeons to interrogate their own preparative processes. We recommend supervisors to use a form of preoperative plan as a teaching tool and to encourage trainees to develop their own preparatory skills. The ability of a trainee to demonstrate sound preparation is an indicator of readiness to perform a procedure. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  12. Isolation and purification of recombinant proteins, antibodies and plasmid DNA with hydroxyapatite chromatography.

    PubMed

    Hilbrig, Frank; Freitag, Ruth

    2012-01-01

    Hydroxyapatite and related stationary phases increasingly play a role in the downstream processing of high-value biological materials, such as recombinant proteins, therapeutic antibodies and pharmaceutical-grade plasmid DNA. Chromatographic hydroxyapatite is an inorganic, ceramic material identical in composition, if not in structure, to calcium phosphate found in human bones and teeth. The interaction of hydroxyapatite with biomacromolecules is complex and highly dynamic, which can make predicting performance difficult, but also allows the design of very selective isolation processes. This review discusses the currently commercially available chromatographic materials, different retention mechanisms supported by these materials and differential exploitation for the design of highly specific isolation procedures. The state of the art of antibody purification by hydroxy- and fluoroapatite is reviewed together with tested routines for method development and implementation. Finally, the isolation of plasmid DNA is discussed, since the purification of DNA therapeutics at a sufficiently large scale is an emerging need in bioprocess development and perhaps the area in bioseparation where apatite chromatography can make its most important contribution to date. © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  13. Characterization of fatigue crack initiation and propagation in Ti-6Al-4V with electrical potential drop technique

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kalluri, Sreeramesh; Telesman, Jack

    1988-01-01

    Electrical potential methods have been used in the past primarily to monitor crack length in long crack specimens subjected to fatigue loading. An attempt was made to develop test procedures for monitoring the fatigue crack initiation and the growth of short fatigue cracks in a turbine disk alloy with the electrical potential drop technique (EPDT). In addition, the EPDT was also applied to monitor the fatigue crack growth in long crack specimens of the same alloy. The resolution of the EPDT for different specimen geometries was determined. Factors influencing the EPDT are identified and the applicability of EPDT in implementing damage tolerant design concepts for turbine disk materials is discussed. The experimental procedure adopted and the results obtained is discussed. No substantial differences were observed between the fatigue crack growth data of short and long crack specimens.

  14. Goal Attainment Scaling Manual, RUL #5. Materials Development Center Reprint 18.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    White, Buffy; And Others

    This manual consists of three parts: (1) an introduction to Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) as an evaluation tool in rehabilitation, (2) a workbook, and (3) a report of a pilot study of GAS. Chapter 1 discusses GAS as an evaluation procedure and defines it as a way of arranging and expressing time-based treatment cr service goals so that results can…

  15. St. Louis Regional Library Network Manuals: Delivery System Manual, INFO-PASS Manual, Interlibrary Loan Protocol, Procedures and Policies Manual.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Saint Louis Regional Library Network, MO.

    Included in this set of manuals are: (1) guidelines for document delivery to member libraries within the St. Louis Regional Library Network (SLRLN) in which eligible materials are described, addressing and packing are outlined, routing and deliveries are discussed, and a list of delivery system participants is provided; (2) a descriptive guide to…

  16. A Fundamental Study of the Electromagnetic Properties of Advanced Composite Materials

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1978-07-01

    MKDC), Space and Missile Systems Organization (SAMSO). Aeronautical System Division (ASD), Electronic Systems Division ( ESD ), Air Force Avionics...discussions, the work reported involved only one fiber type--Thornel T300 as used in Narmco 5208 pre-preg tapes . Individual graphite fibers have radii... teflon coated tweezers to separate individual fibers from the bundle. Microscopic observation and a steady hand during this procedure improved the

  17. Microbiologic assay of space hardware.

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Favero, M. S.

    1971-01-01

    Review of the procedures used in the microbiological examination of space hardware. The general procedure for enumerating aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms and spores is outlined. Culture media and temperature-time cycles used for incubation are reviewed, along with assay systems designed for the enumeration of aerobic and anaerobic spores. The special problems which are discussed are involved in the precise and accurate enumeration of microorganisms on surfaces and in the neutralization of viable organisms buried inside solid materials that could be released to a planet's surface if the solid should be fractured. Special attention is given to sampling procedures including also the indirect techniques of surface assays of space hardware such as those using detachable or fallout strips. Some data on comparative levels of microbial contamination on lunar and planetary spacecraft are presented.

  18. Full-scale aircraft cabin flammability tests of improved fire-resistant materials

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Stuckey, R. N.; Surpkis, D. E.; Price, L. J.

    1974-01-01

    Full-scale aircraft cabin flammability tests to evaluate the effectiveness of new fire-resistant materials by comparing their burning characteristics with those of older aircraft materials are described. Three tests were conducted and are detailed. Test 1, using pre-1968 materials, was run to correlate the procedures and to compare the results with previous tests by other organizations. Test 2 included newer, improved fire-resistant materials. Test 3 was essentially a duplicate of test 2, but a smokeless fuel was used. Test objectives, methods, materials, and results are presented and discussed. Results indicate that the pre-1968 materials ignited easily, allowed the fire to spread, produced large amounts of smoke and toxic combustion products, and resulted in a flash fire and major fire damage. The newer fire-resistant materials did not allow the fire to spread. Furthermore, they produced less, lower concentrations of toxic combustion products, and lower temperatures. The newer materials did not produce a flash fire.

  19. Strength of laser welded joints of polypropylene composites

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Votrubec, V.; Hisem, P.; Vinšová, L.; Lukášová, V.

    2017-11-01

    This paper deals with experimental tests of laser welded polypropylene composites. Polymers, such as polypropylene, are often filled with fibres in order to increase their mechanical properties. The welding procedure can also influence material properties nearby weld joints. Therefore the strength of weld joints is lower than strength of primary materials. This effect is proved by realized shear tests. Polymer specimens were filled with 20 % and 40 % of glass fibres and all possible combinations of specimens were welded for experiments. There is also discussed influence of volume fraction of glass fibres in polypropylene on the strength of weld joint.

  20. Use of two-dimensional transmission photoelastic models to study stresses in double-lap bolted joints: Load transfer and stresses in the inner lap

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hyer, M. W.

    1980-01-01

    The determination of the stress distribution in the inner lap of double-lap, double-bolt joints using photoelastic models of the joint is discussed. The principal idea is to fabricate the inner lap of a photoelastic material and to use a photoelastically sensitive material for the two outer laps. With this setup, polarized light transmitted through the stressed model responds principally to the stressed inner lap. The model geometry, the procedures for making and testing the model, and test results are described.

  1. Direct and Indirect Pulp Capping: A Brief History, Material Innovations, and Clinical Case Report.

    PubMed

    Alex, Gary

    2018-03-01

    Among the goals of pulp capping are to manage bacteria, arrest caries progression, stimulate pulp cells to form new dentin, and produce a durable seal that protects the pulp complex. This article will provide a general discussion of direct and indirect pulp capping procedures, offering practitioners a pragmatic and science-based clinical protocol for treatment of vital pulp exposures. A clinical case will be presented in which a novel light-cured resin-modified mineral trioxide aggregate hybrid material was used to manage a mechanical vital pulp exposure that occurred during deep caries excavation.

  2. Shuttle optical environment; Proceedings of the Meeting, Washington, DC, April 23, 24, 1981

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Miller, E. R. (Editor); Fazio, G. G.

    1982-01-01

    The numerical modeling, instrumentation, identification, and procedures to characterize and/or control contamination hazards to equipment used on the Shuttle are discussed. On-orbit pollutants include molecular offgassing and outgassing, particulate material, and substances from thrusters, vents, and leaks. Clean-rooms are being implemented in ground assembly and integration facilities. Attention is given to an upgraded SPACE program for numerically modeling contamination pathways and appropriate procedures to protect instrumentation from film and particulate deposition. Finally, attention is given to military cryogenic IR detectors being employed to quantify the Shuttle thermal and solid pollutant environment on-orbit as a prelude to future operational IR sensors.

  3. Design with high strength steel: A case of failure and its implications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rahka, Klaus

    1992-10-01

    A recent proof test failure of a high strength steel pressure vessel is scrutinized. Apparent deficiencies in the procedures to account for elasto-plastic local strain are indicated for the applicable routine (code) strength calculations. Tentative guidance is given for the use of material tensile fracture strain and its strain state (plane strain) correction in fracture margin estimation. A hypothesis that the calculated local strain is comparable with a gauge length weighted tensile ductility for fracture to initiate at a notch root is given. A discussion about the actual implications of the failure case and the suggested remedy in the light of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code section 3 and 8 is presented. Further needs for research and development are delineated. Possible yield and ductility related design limits and their use as material quality indices are discussed.

  4. An Investigation of the Effect of Surface Impurities on the Adsorption Kinetics of Hydrogen Chemisorbed onto Iron

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Shanabarger, M. R.

    1997-01-01

    The original goal of this program was to investigate the effect surface impurities have on the heterogeneous kinetic processes of those molecular species which produce gaseous hydrogen degradation of the mechanical properties of metallic structural materials. However, shortly after the initiation of the original program, the program's NASA Technical Monitor, Dr. Howard Nelson, requested that the effort supported by this Co-operative Agreement be redirected to study more pressing materials issues associated to the development of the National Aero-Space Plane (NASP). The results of these efforts are outlined in this report. Detailed discussions of specific work, including experimental techniques and procedures, will be found in the publications listed with the subsection discussing that specific work as well and in Section 5. No inventions were generated or disclosed within this Agreement.

  5. Optimal error functional for parameter identification in anisotropic finite strain elasto-plasticity

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shutov, A. V.; Kaygorodtseva, A. A.; Dranishnikov, N. S.

    2017-10-01

    A problem of parameter identification for a model of finite strain elasto-plasticity is discussed. The utilized phenomenological material model accounts for nonlinear isotropic and kinematic hardening; the model kinematics is described by a nested multiplicative split of the deformation gradient. A hierarchy of optimization problems is considered. First, following the standard procedure, the material parameters are identified through minimization of a certain least square error functional. Next, the focus is placed on finding optimal weighting coefficients which enter the error functional. Toward that end, a stochastic noise with systematic and non-systematic components is introduced to the available measurement results; a superordinate optimization problem seeks to minimize the sensitivity of the resulting material parameters to the introduced noise. The advantage of this approach is that no additional experiments are required; it also provides an insight into the robustness of the identification procedure. As an example, experimental data for the steel 42CrMo4 are considered and a set of weighting coefficients is found, which is optimal in a certain class.

  6. The effects of the sequential addition of synthesis parameters on the performance of alkali activated fly ash mortar

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dassekpo, Jean-Baptiste Mawulé; Zha, Xiaoxiong; Zhan, Jiapeng; Ning, Jiaqian

    Geopolymer is an energy efficient and sustainable material that is currently used in construction industry as an alternative for Portland cement. As a new material, specific mix design method is essential and efforts have been made to develop a mix design procedure with the main focus on achieving better compressive strength and economy. In this paper, a sequential addition of synthesis parameters such as fly ash-sand, alkaline liquids, plasticizer and additional water at well-defined time intervals was investigated. A total of 4 mix procedures were used to study the compressive performance on fly ash-based geopolymer mortar and the results of each method were analyzed and discussed. Experimental results show that the sequential addition of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium silicate (Na2SiO3), plasticizer (PL), followed by adding water (WA) increases considerably the compressive strengths of the geopolymer-based mortar. These results clearly demonstrate the high significant influence of sequential addition of synthesis parameters on geopolymer materials compressive properties, and also provide a new mixing method for the preparation of geopolymer paste, mortar and concrete.

  7. Development of Novel Polymeric Materials for Gene Therapy and pH-Sensitive Drug Delivery: Modeling, Synthesis, Characterization, and Analysis

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Anderson, Brian Curtis

    2002-01-01

    The underlying theme of this thesis is the use of polymeric materials in bioapplications. Chapters 2-5 either develop a fundamental understanding of current materials used for bioapplications or establish protocols and procedures used in characterizing and synthesizing novel materials. In chapters 6 and 7 these principles and procedures are applied to the development of materials to be used for gene therapy and drug delivery. Chapter one is an introduction to the ideas that will be necessary to understand the subsequent chapters, as well as a literature review of these topics. Chapter two is a paper that has been published inmore » the ''Journal of Controlled Release'' that examines the mechanism of drug release from a polymer gel, as well as experimental design suggestions for the evaluation of water soluble drug delivery systems. Chapter three is a paper that has been published in the ''Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences'' that discusses the effect ionic salts have on properties of the polymer systems examined in chapter two. Chapter four is a paper published in the Materials Research Society Fall 2000 Symposium Series dealing with the design and synthesis of a pH-sensitive polymeric drug delivery device. Chapter five is a paper that has been published in the journal ''Biomaterials'' proposing a novel polymer/metal composite for use as a biomaterial in hip arthroplasty surgery. Chapter six is a paper that will appear in an upcoming volume of the Journal ''Biomaterials'' dealing with the synthesis of a novel water soluble cationic polymer with possible applications in non-viral gene therapy. Chapter seven is a paper that has been submitted to ''Macromolecules'' discussing several novel block copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(diethylamino ethyl methacrylate) that possess both pH-sensitive and temperature sensitive properties. Chapter eight contains a summary of the research contained in chapters 2-7 and proposes future research for the gene therapy and drug delivery projects.« less

  8. Lying in neuropsychology.

    PubMed

    Seron, X

    2014-10-01

    The issue of lying occurs in neuropsychology especially when examinations are conducted in a forensic context. When a subject intentionally either presents non-existent deficits or exaggerates their severity to obtain financial or material compensation, this behaviour is termed malingering. Malingering is discussed in the general framework of lying in psychology, and the different procedures used by neuropsychologists to evidence a lack of collaboration at examination are briefly presented and discussed. When a lack of collaboration is observed, specific emphasis is placed on the difficulty in unambiguously establishing that this results from the patient's voluntary decision. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier SAS.

  9. METAL OXIDE NANOPARTICLES

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    FERNANDEZ-GARCIA,M.; RODGRIGUEZ, J.A.

    2007-10-01

    This chapter covers the fundamental science, synthesis, characterization, physicochemical properties and applications of oxide nanomaterials. Explains fundamental aspects that determine the growth and behavior of these systems, briefly examines synthetic procedures using bottom-up and top-down fabrication technologies, discusses the sophisticated experimental techniques and state of the art theory results used to characterize the physico-chemical properties of oxide solids and describe the current knowledge concerning key oxide materials with important technological applications.

  10. A unique challenge: Emergency egress and life support equipment at KSC

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Waddell, H. M., Jr.

    1975-01-01

    As a result of the investigation following the January 1967 fire, which took the lives of three astronauts, materials were developed, flight hardware was modified, and test procedures were rewritten in order to establish the framework within which a more effective rescue concept could be developed. Topics discussed include breathing units, improved life support equipment, miniresuscitators, and hazardous tasks during space shuttle launch and landing operations.

  11. Implementation of the MPC and A Operations Monitorying (MOM) System at JSC PO Sevmas

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Monogarov, A.; Taranenko, V.; Serov,A

    The Material Protection, Control and Accounting (MPC&A) Program has been working since 1994 with nuclear sites in Russia to upgrade the physical protection (PP) and material control and accounting (MC&A) functions at facilities containing weapons usable nuclear material. In early 2001, the MPC&A program initiated the MPC&A Operations Monitoring (MOM) Project to monitor facilities where MPC&A upgrades have been installed to provide increased confidence that personnel are present and vigilant, provide confidence that security procedures are being properly performed and provide additional assurance that nuclear materials have not been stolen. The MOM project began as a pilot project at themore » Moscow State Engineering Physics Institute (MEPhI) and a MOM system was successfully installed in October 2001. Following the success of the MEPhI pilot project, the MPC&A Program expanded the installation of MOM systems to several other Russian facilities, including the JSC 'PO' Sevmash', Severodvinsk, Russia. The MOM system was made operational at Sevmash in September, 2008. This paper will discuss the objectives of the MOM system installed at Sevmash and indicate how the objectives influenced the development of the conceptual design. The paper will also describe activities related to installation of the infrastructure and the MOM system at Sevmash. Experience gained from operation of the system and how the objectives are being met will also be discussed. The paper will describe how the MOM system is used at Sevmash and, in particular, how the data is analyzed. Finally, future activities including potential expansion of the MOM system, operator training, data sharing and analysis, procedure development, repair and maintenance will be included in the paper.« less

  12. Reproducibility experiments on measuring acoustical properties of rigid-frame porous media (round-robin tests).

    PubMed

    Horoshenkov, Kirill V; Khan, Amir; Bécot, François-Xavier; Jaouen, Luc; Sgard, Franck; Renault, Amélie; Amirouche, Nesrine; Pompoli, Francesco; Prodi, Nicola; Bonfiglio, Paolo; Pispola, Giulio; Asdrubali, Francesco; Hübelt, Jörn; Atalla, Noureddine; Amédin, Celse K; Lauriks, Walter; Boeckx, Laurens

    2007-07-01

    This paper reports the results of reproducibility experiments on the interlaboratory characterization of the acoustical properties of three types of consolidated porous media: granulated porous rubber, reticulated foam, and fiberglass. The measurements are conducted in several independent laboratories in Europe and North America. The studied acoustical characteristics are the surface complex acoustic impedance at normal incidence and plane wave absorption coefficient which are determined using the standard impedance tube method. The paper provides detailed procedures related to sample preparation and installation and it discusses the dispersion in the acoustical material property observed between individual material samples and laboratories. The importance of the boundary conditions, homogeneity of the porous material structure, and stability of the adopted signal processing method are highlighted.

  13. The alloy with a memory, 55-Nitinol: Its physical metallurgy, properties, and applications

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Jackson, C. M.; Wagner, H. J.; Wasilewski, R. J.

    1972-01-01

    A series of nickel titanium alloys (55-Nitinol), which are unique in that they possess a shape memory, are described. Components made of these materials that are altered in their shapes by deformation under proper conditions return to predetermined shapes when they are heated to the proper temperature range. The shape memory, together with the force exerted and the ability of the material to do mechanical work as it returns to its predetermined shape, suggest a wide variety of industrial applications for the alloy. Also included are discussions of the physical metallurgy and the mechanical, physical, and chemical properties of 55-Nitinol; procedures for melting and processing the material into useful shapes; and a summary of applications.

  14. Turbojet engine blade damping

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Srinivasan, A. V.; Cutts, D. G.; Sridhar, S.

    1981-01-01

    The potentials of various sources of nonaerodynamic damping in engine blading are evaluated through a combination of advanced analysis and testing. The sources studied include material hysteresis, dry friction at shroud and root disk interfaces as well as at platform type external dampers. A limited seris of tests was conducted to evaluate damping capacities of composite materials (B/AL, B/AL/Ti) and thermal barrier coatings. Further, basic experiments were performed on titanium specimens to establish the characteristics of sliding friction and to determine material damping constants J and n. All the tests were conducted on single blades. Mathematical models were develthe several mechanisms of damping. Procedures to apply this data to predict damping levels in an assembly of blades are developed and discussed.

  15. Tritium protective clothing

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Fuller, T. P.; Easterly, C. E.

    Occupational exposures to radiation from tritium received at present nuclear facilities and potential exposures at future fusion reactor facilities demonstrate the need for improved protective clothing. Important areas relating to increased protection factors of tritium protective ventilation suits are discussed. These areas include permeation processes of tritium through materials, various tests of film permeability, selection and availability of suit materials, suit designs, and administrative procedures. The phenomenological nature of film permeability calls for more standardized and universal test methods, which would increase the amount of directly useful information on impermeable materials. Improvements in suit designs could be expedited and bettermore » communicated to the health physics community by centralizing devlopmental equipment, manpower, and expertise in the field of tritium protection to one or two authoritative institutions.« less

  16. Megabrasion: a conservative strategy for the anterior dentition.

    PubMed

    Magne, P

    1997-05-01

    Continuous developments in adhesive restorative techniques, tooth whitening procedures, and restorative materials have significantly broadened the initially defined spectrum of indications for composite restorations. These developments have thereby contributed to the achievement of one of the major objectives of conservative restorative dentistry--the maximum preservation of sound tooth structure. In order to optimize the application of modern composite resin technology, mastering the basic principles of natural aesthetics is an essential prerequisite. The learning objective of this article is to discuss the etiology of enamel discoloration and conservative treatment strategies, including microabrasion and masking procedures. Emphasis is placed on a simple procedure--the megabrasion technique--which does not depend extensively on the artistic skills of the operator. It represents a useful and predictable approach for the elimination of white opaque stains on the enamel and yellow-brown enamel discolorations.

  17. Procedures for testing and evaluating spacecraft-type heat pipes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tower, L. K.; Kaufman, W. B.

    1984-04-01

    This report describes part of an effort to develop dependable, cost effective spacecraft thermal control heat pipes. In the program the reliability and performance of 30 commercially available heat pipes were assessed. The pipes comprised 10 groups of varying design, with aluminum and stainless steel as structural materials, and methanol and ammonia as working fluids. The factors studied were noncondensible gas accumulation and heat transfer capability in one g. The present report supplements a brief earlier report by describing in detail the procedures required to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of heat pipes for thermal control. It discusses the test facilities and testing procedures. The manner in which data may be taken for estimating useful life and comparing performance is described. Some of the pitfalls in making such judgments are illustrated. Originator supplied keywords include: heat transfer, and corrosion.

  18. Cardiac 3D Printing and its Future Directions.

    PubMed

    Vukicevic, Marija; Mosadegh, Bobak; Min, James K; Little, Stephen H

    2017-02-01

    Three-dimensional (3D) printing is at the crossroads of printer and materials engineering, noninvasive diagnostic imaging, computer-aided design, and structural heart intervention. Cardiovascular applications of this technology development include the use of patient-specific 3D models for medical teaching, exploration of valve and vessel function, surgical and catheter-based procedural planning, and early work in designing and refining the latest innovations in percutaneous structural devices. In this review, we discuss the methods and materials being used for 3D printing today. We discuss the basic principles of clinical image segmentation, including coregistration of multiple imaging datasets to create an anatomic model of interest. With applications in congenital heart disease, coronary artery disease, and surgical and catheter-based structural disease, 3D printing is a new tool that is challenging how we image, plan, and carry out cardiovascular interventions. Copyright © 2017 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  19. Algorithms and methodology used in constructing high-resolution terrain databases

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Williams, Bryan L.; Wilkosz, Aaron

    1998-07-01

    This paper presents a top-level description of methods used to generate high-resolution 3D IR digital terrain databases using soft photogrammetry. The 3D IR database is derived from aerial photography and is made up of digital ground plane elevation map, vegetation height elevation map, material classification map, object data (tanks, buildings, etc.), and temperature radiance map. Steps required to generate some of these elements are outlined. The use of metric photogrammetry is discussed in the context of elevation map development; and methods employed to generate the material classification maps are given. The developed databases are used by the US Army Aviation and Missile Command to evaluate the performance of various missile systems. A discussion is also presented on database certification which consists of validation, verification, and accreditation procedures followed to certify that the developed databases give a true representation of the area of interest, and are fully compatible with the targeted digital simulators.

  20. Cardiac 3D Printing and Its Future Directions

    PubMed Central

    Vukicevic, Marija; Mosadegh, Bobak; Min, James K.; Little, Stephen H.

    2017-01-01

    3D printing is at the crossroads of printer and materials engineering; non-invasive diagnostic imaging; computer aided design (CAD); and structural heart intervention. Cardiovascular applications of this technology development include the use of patient-specific 3D models for medical teaching, exploration of valve and vessel function, surgical and catheter-based procedural planning, and early work in designing and refining the latest innovations in percutaneous structural devices. In this review we discuss the methods and materials being used for 3D printing today. We discuss the basic principles of clinical image segmentation including co-registration of multiple imaging datasets to create an anatomic model of interest. With applications in congenital heart disease, coronary artery disease, and in surgical and catheter-based structural disease – 3D printing is a new tool that is challenging how we image, plan, and carry out cardiovascular interventions. PMID:28183437

  1. Thermodynamic properties of some metal oxide-zirconia systems

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Jacobson, Nathan S.

    1989-01-01

    Metal oxide-zirconia systems are a potential class of materials for use as structural materials at temperatures above 1900 K. These materials must have no destructive phase changes and low vapor pressures. Both alkaline earth oxide (MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO)-zirconia and some rare earth oxide (Y2O3, Sc2O3, La2O3, CeO2, Sm2O3, Gd2O3, Yb2O3, Dy2O3, Ho2O3, and Er2O3)-zirconia system are examined. For each system, the phase diagram is discussed and the vapor pressure for each vapor species is calculated via a free energy minimization procedure. The available thermodynamic literature on each system is also surveyed. Some of the systems look promising for high temperature structural materials.

  2. 46 CFR 164.009-15 - Test procedure.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Test procedure. 164.009-15 Section 164.009-15 Shipping...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL MATERIALS Noncombustible Materials for Merchant Vessels § 164.009-15 Test procedure. (a) General. Paragraphs (b) through (k) of this section contain the test procedures for each material...

  3. A theoretical and experimental technique to measure fracture properties in viscoelastic solids

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Freitas, Felipe Araujo Colares De

    Prediction of crack growth in engineering structures is necessary for better analysis and design. However, this prediction becomes quite complex for certain materials in which the fracture behavior is both rate and path dependent. Asphaltic materials used in pavements have that intrinsic complexity in their behavior. A lot of research effort has been devoted to better understanding viscoelastic behavior and fracture in such materials. This dissertation presents a further refinement of an experimental test setup, which is significantly different from standard testing protocols, to measure viscoelastic and fracture properties of nonlinear viscoelastic solids, such as asphaltic materials. The results presented herein are primarily for experiments with asphalt, but the test procedure can be used for other viscoelastic materials as well. Even though the test is designed as a fracture test, experiments on the investigated materials have uncovered very complex phenomena prior to fracture. Viscoelasticity and micromechanics are used to explain some of the physical phenomena observed in the tests. The material behavior prior to fracture includes both viscoelastic behavior and a necking effect, which is further discussed in the appendix of the present study. The dissertation outlines a theoretical model for the prediction of tractions ahead of the crack tip. The major contribution herein lies in the development of the experimental procedure for evaluating the material parameters necessary for deploying the model in the prediction of ductile crack growth. Finally, predictions of crack growth in a double cantilever beam specimens and asphalt concrete samples are presented in order to demonstrate the power of this approach for predicting crack growth in viscoelastic media.

  4. Effects of computer-based training on procedural modifications to standard functional analyses.

    PubMed

    Schnell, Lauren K; Sidener, Tina M; DeBar, Ruth M; Vladescu, Jason C; Kahng, SungWoo

    2018-01-01

    Few studies have evaluated methods for training decision-making when functional analysis data are undifferentiated. The current study evaluated computer-based training to teach 20 graduate students to arrange functional analysis conditions, analyze functional analysis data, and implement procedural modifications. Participants were exposed to training materials using interactive software during a 1-day session. Following the training, mean scores on the posttest, novel cases probe, and maintenance probe increased for all participants. These results replicate previous findings during a 1-day session and include a measure of participant acceptability of the training. Recommendations for future research on computer-based training and functional analysis are discussed. © 2017 Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior.

  5. Distorted estimates of implicit and explicit learning in applications of the process-dissociation procedure to the SRT task.

    PubMed

    Stahl, Christoph; Barth, Marius; Haider, Hilde

    2015-12-01

    We investigated potential biases affecting the validity of the process-dissociation (PD) procedure when applied to sequence learning. Participants were or were not exposed to a serial reaction time task (SRTT) with two types of pseudo-random materials. Afterwards, participants worked on a free or cued generation task under inclusion and exclusion instructions. Results showed that pre-experimental response tendencies, non-associative learning of location frequencies, and the usage of cue locations introduced bias to PD estimates. These biases may lead to erroneous conclusions regarding the presence of implicit and explicit knowledge. Potential remedies for these problems are discussed. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  6. A far-field radio-frequency experimental exposure system with unrestrained mice.

    PubMed

    Hansen, Jared W; Asif, Sajid; Singelmann, Lauren; Khan, Muhammad Saeed; Ghosh, Sumit; Gustad, Tom; Doetkott, Curt; Braaten, Benjamin D; Ewert, Daniel L

    2015-01-01

    Many studies have been performed on exploring the effects of radio-frequency (RF) energy on biological function in vivo. In particular, gene expression results have been inconclusive due, in part, to a lack of a standardized experimental procedure. This research describes a new far field RF exposure system for unrestrained murine models that reduces experimental error. The experimental procedure includes the materials used, the creation of a patch antenna, the uncertainty analysis of the equipment, characterization of the test room, experimental equipment used and setup, power density and specific absorption rate experiment, and discussion. The result of this research is an experimental exposure system to be applied to future biological studies.

  7. Bioethics and power: Informed consent procedures in post-socialist Latvia.

    PubMed

    Putniņa, Aivita

    2013-12-01

    This paper explores two lines of development in the donor consent procedures in post-Soviet Latvia. The paper is based on secondary analysis of interview, focus group discussion data, and media and legal text material collected throughout three previously conducted research projects on organ transplantation, population genome project and xenotransplantation focusing on the historical development of the issues of donor consent across these three fields of medical technologies. The paper argues that the quality of consent depends not as much on political and legal change per se as on the strengthening of the position of both medical specialists and donors, facilitating bonds between the two. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  8. Teaching generatively: Learning about disorders and disabilities.

    PubMed

    Alter, Margaret M; Borrero, John C

    2015-01-01

    Stimulus equivalence procedures have been used to teach course material in higher education in the laboratory and in the classroom. The current study was a systematic replication of Walker, Rehfeldt, and Ninness (2010), who used a stimulus equivalence procedure to train information pertaining to 12 disorders. Specifically, we conducted (a) a written posttest immediately after each training unit and (b) booster training sessions for poor performers. Results showed immediate improvement from pretest to posttest scores after training, but problems with maintenance were noted in the final examination. Implications of poor maintenance are discussed in the context of the current study and stimulus equivalence research in higher education generally. © Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior.

  9. POROUS ALUMINOPHOSPHATES :From Molecular Sieves to Designed Acid Catalysts

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pastore, H. O.; Coluccia, S.; Marchese, L.

    2005-08-01

    This review covers the synthesis, characterization, and physico-chemical properties of microporous and mesoporous aluminophosphates and silicoaluminophosphates molecular sieves. Particular emphasis is given to the materials that have found applications as acid catalysts. We consider the evolution of the synthesis procedures from the first discoveries to the current methodologies and give perspectives for new possible synthesis strategies. Emphasis is given to the use of specially prepared precursors/reactants designed for the use as molecular sieves. Experimental (especially MAS-NMR and FTIR spectroscopy) and theoretical approaches to the description of the Si insertion into the ALPO framework and to the acidic properties of SAPOs and MeAPSOs materials are discussed.

  10. Transport suction apparatus and absorption materials evaluation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Krupa, Debra T.; Gosbee, John

    1991-01-01

    The specific objectives were as follows. The effectiveness and function was evaluated of the hand held, manually powered v-vac for suction during microgravity. The function was evaluated of the battery powered laerdal suction unit in microgravity. The two units in control of various types of simulated bodily fluids were compared. Various types of tubing and attachments were evaluated which are required to control the collection of bodily fluids during transport. Various materials were evaluated for absorption of simulated bodily fluids. And potential problems were identified for waste management and containment of secretions and fluids during transport. Test procedures, results, and conclusions are briefly discussed.

  11. Salmonid whirling disease

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Markiw, M.E.

    1992-01-01

    This paper provides the latest scientific and technical advances in the management of salmonid whirling disease caused by the myxosporean Myxobolus cerebralis (Syn. Myxosoma cerebralis). The complete life cycle of the parasite and the biology of the infective agent to fish, the actinosporean Triactinomyxon stage, are reviewed, and suggested procedures for detection, identification, and control of the disease are discussed. The paper offers sources of information and related reference materials of interest to fish culturists, fishery biologists, and students.

  12. Corrosion and fatigue of surgical implants

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lisagor, W. B.

    1975-01-01

    Implants for the treatment of femoral fractures, mechanisms leading to the failure or degradation of such structures, and current perspectives on surgical implants are discussed. Under the first heading, general usage, materials and procedures, environmental conditions, and laboratory analyses of implants after service are considered. Corrosion, crevice corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, intergranular corrosion, pitting corrosion, fatigue, and corrosion fatigue are the principal degradation mechanisms described. The need for improvement in the reliability of implants is emphasized.

  13. Design Criteria for Low Profile Flange Calculations

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Leimbach, K. R.

    1973-01-01

    An analytical method and a design procedure to develop flanged separable pipe connectors are discussed. A previously established algorithm is the basis for calculating low profile flanges. The characteristics and advantages of the low profile flange are analyzed. The use of aluminum, titanium, and plastics for flange materials is described. Mathematical models are developed to show the mechanical properties of various flange configurations. A computer program for determining the structural stability of the flanges is described.

  14. Legal considerations for document delivery services.

    PubMed

    Bunting, A

    1994-04-01

    Health sciences libraries that provide fee-based information services must consider and develop policies and procedures for complying with legal requirements. This paper reviews the provisions of copyright law that pertain to document delivery, including two court decisions concerning copyright. Also discussed are recent actions by publishers to reinforce their view of libraries' responsibilities for royalty fees for articles copied and their use of licenses to impose additional restrictions on the use of and reproduction of materials.

  15. Thoron-meso-tartaric acid system for determination of thorium

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Fletcher, M.H.; Grimaldi, F.S.; Jenkins, L.B.

    1957-01-01

    In the spectrophotometric determination of thorium with thoron, mesotartaric acid is used as a masking reagent for zirconium. The effects of different experimental variables such as the concentrations of the reagents, time, and temperature, and the behavior of 35 ions which might be present in thorium ores are discussed. A dilution procedure is given for the direct determination of thorium in zircon (ZrSiO4) that is also generally applicable to other materials.

  16. Process development and fabrication of space station type aluminum-clad graphite epoxy struts

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ring, L. R.

    1990-01-01

    The manufacture of aluminum-clad graphite epoxy struts, designed for application to the Space Station truss structure, is described. The strut requirements are identified, and the strut material selection rationale is discussed. The manufacturing procedure is described, and shop documents describing the details are included. Dry graphite fiber, Pitch-75, is pulled between two concentric aluminum tubes. Epoxy resin is then injected and cured. After reduction of the aluminum wall thickness by chemical milling the end fittings are bonded on the tubes. A discussion of the characteristics of the manufactured struts, i.e., geometry, weight, and any anomalies of the individual struts is included.

  17. Workshop on Moon in Transition: Apollo 14, KREEP, and Evolved Lunar Rocks

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Taylor, G. J. (Editor); Warren, P. H. (Editor)

    1989-01-01

    Lunar rocks provide material for analyzing lunar history and now new evaluation procedures are available for discovering new information from the Fra Mauro highlands rocks, which are different from any other lunar samples. These and other topics were discussed at this workshop, including a new evaluation of the nature and history of KREEP, granite, and other evolved lunar rock types, and ultimately a fresh evaluation of the transition of the moon from its early anorthosite-forming period to its later stages of KREEPy, granitic, and mare magmatism. The summary of presentations and discussion is based on notes taken by the respective summarizers during the workshop.

  18. Projects procedure guide : sampling frequencies for materials testing and inspection

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2002-02-01

    The Bureau of Materials and Physical Research's Project Procedures Guide (PPG) is used as a resource for determining reasonable inspection procedures and sampling frequencies for materials used in highway construction. This Manual seeks to establish ...

  19. Recent Advances in Metal Chalcogenides (MX; X = S, Se) Nanostructures for Electrochemical Supercapacitor Applications: A Brief Review

    PubMed Central

    Theerthagiri, Jayaraman; Durai, Govindarajan; Rana, Abu ul Hassan Sarwar; Sangeetha, Kirubanandam; Kuppusami, Parasuraman; Kim, Hyun-Seok

    2018-01-01

    Supercapacitors (SCs) have received a great deal of attention and play an important role for future self-powered devices, mainly owing to their higher power density. Among all types of electrical energy storage devices, electrochemical supercapacitors are considered to be the most promising because of their superior performance characteristics, including short charging time, high power density, safety, easy fabrication procedures, and long operational life. An SC consists of two foremost components, namely electrode materials, and electrolyte. The selection of appropriate electrode materials with rational nanostructured designs has resulted in improved electrochemical properties for high performance and has reduced the cost of SCs. In this review, we mainly spotlight the non-metallic oxide, especially metal chalcogenides (MX; X = S, Se) based nanostructured electrode materials for electrochemical SCs. Different non-metallic oxide materials are highlighted in various categories, such as transition metal sulfides and selenides materials. Finally, the designing strategy and future improvements on metal chalcogenide materials for the application of electrochemical SCs are also discussed. PMID:29671823

  20. Characterization of Space Environmental Effects on Candidate Solar Sail Material

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Edwards, David; Hubbs, Whitney; Stanaland, Tesia; Altstatt, Richard

    2002-01-01

    The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) is concentrating research into the utilization of photonic materials for spacecraft propulsion. Spacecraft propulsion, using photonic materials, will be achieved using a solar sail. A sail operates on the principle that photons, originating from the sun, impart pressure and provide a source of spacecraft propulsion. The pressure can be increased, by a factor of two if the sun-facing surface is perfectly reflective. Solar sails are generally composed of a highly reflective metallic front layer, a thin polymeric substrate, and occasionally a highly emissive back surface. The Space Environmental Effects Team at MSFC is actively characterizing candidate solar sail materials to evaluate the thermo-optical and mechanical properties after exposure to a simulated Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) radiation environment. The technique of radiation dose verses material depth profiling was used to determine the orbital equivalent exposure doses. The solar sail exposure procedures and results of the material characterization will be discussed.

  1. Physical-property, water-quality, plankton, and bottom-material data for Devils Lake and East Devils Lake, North Dakota, September 1988 through October 1990

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Sando, Steven K.; Sether, Bradley A.

    1993-01-01

    Physical-properties were measured and water-quality, plankton, and bottom-material samples were collected at 10 sites in Devils Lake and East Devils Lake during September 1988 through October 1990 to study water-quality variability and water-quality and plankton relations in Devils Lake and East Devils Lake. Physical properties measured include specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved-oxygen concentration, water transparency, and light transmission. Water-quality samples were analyzed for concentrations of major ions, selected nutrients, and selected trace elements. Plankton samples were examined for identification and enumeration of phytoplankton and zooplankton species, and bottom-material samples were analyzed for concentrations of selected nutrients. Data-collection procedures are discussed and the data are presented in tabular form.

  2. An integrated analytical approach for characterizing an organic residue from an archaeological glass bottle recovered in Pompeii (Naples, Italy).

    PubMed

    Ribechini, Erika; Modugno, Francesca; Baraldi, Cecilia; Baraldi, Pietro; Colombini, Maria Perla

    2008-01-15

    Within the framework of an Italian research project aimed at studying organic residues found in archaeological objects from the Roman period, the chemical composition of the contents of several glass vessels recovered from archaeological sites from the Vesuvian area (Naples, Italy) was investigated. In particular, this paper deals with the study of an organic material found in a glass bottle from the archaeological site of Pompeii using a multi-analytical approach, including FT-IR, direct exposure mass spectrometry (DE-MS) and GC-MS techniques. The overall results suggest the occurrence of a lipid material of vegetable origin. The hypothesis that the native lipid material had been subjected to a chemical transformation procedure before being used is presented and discussed.

  3. [Distance education: use of the WebCT as a support tool for teaching intravenous therapy in nursing undergraduate programs].

    PubMed

    Dias, Denise Costa; Cassiani, Silvia Helena De Bortoli

    2003-01-01

    This investigation focused on a learning environment via internet, through which Intravenous Therapy (IVT) was taught. Due to its complexity, Intravenous Therapy was chosen against numerous subjects to be taught through an e-learning environment, by comprising both technical procedures and conceptual aspects that can be discussed through a virtual learning environment. The objectives of this study were to develop educational material about Intravenous Therapy to guide students through the learning related to intravenous therapy, to have the related educational material evaluated by experts, and to evaluate the students' use of this material, considering difficulties and/or advantages, participation/interaction in this environment, and usability of its tools. The interface used for the internet-based training program was WebCT.

  4. The Palatal Window for Treating an Incompletely Augmented Maxillary Sinus.

    PubMed

    Florio, Salvatore; Suzuki, Takanori; Cho, Sang-Choon

    2017-04-01

    Maxillary sinus augmentation through a lateral window is reported as one of the most predictable bone augmentation procedures before implant placement. The elevation of the membrane represents a delicate and crucial step that allows the creation of the space for the bone graft material. If the elevation is not completed, the regenerated bone might be inadequate for the implant placement. In this case, a new intervention will be necessary to complete the bone augmentation. Reaccessing from a lateral window, however, would be challenging due to thickness of the buccal boney wall because of the first grafting procedure; therefore, a different approach has to be used. The aim of this case report is to present the palatal window technique for treating incompletely augmented maxillary sinus. The detailed step-by-step diagnostic and surgical procedures are described, and the advantages and limitations of the technique are discussed through a review of the literature.

  5. On Abstractions and Simplifications in the Design of Human-Automation Interfaces

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Heymann, Michael; Degani, Asaf; Shafto, Michael; Meyer, George; Clancy, Daniel (Technical Monitor)

    2001-01-01

    This report addresses the design of human-automation interaction from a formal perspective that focuses on the information content of the interface, rather than the design of the graphical user interface. It also addresses the, issue of the information provided to the user (e.g., user-manuals, training material, and all other resources). In this report, we propose a formal procedure for generating interfaces and user-manuals. The procedure is guided by two criteria: First, the interface must be correct, i.e., that with the given interface the user will be able to perform the specified tasks correctly. Second, the interface should be as succinct as possible. The report discusses the underlying concepts and the formal methods for this approach. Several examples are used to illustrate the procedure. The algorithm for constructing interfaces can be automated, and a preliminary software system for its implementation has been developed.

  6. On Abstractions and Simplifications in the Design of Human-Automation Interfaces

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Heymann, Michael; Degani, Asaf; Clancy, Daniel (Technical Monitor)

    2002-01-01

    This report addresses the design of human-automation interaction from a formal perspective that focuses on the information content of the interface, rather than the design of the graphical user interface. It also addresses the issue of the information provided to the user (e.g., user-manuals, training material, and all other resources). In this report, we propose a formal procedure for generating interfaces and user-manuals. The procedure is guided by two criteria: First, the interface must be correct, that is, with the given interface the user will be able to perform the specified tasks correctly. Second, the interface should be succinct. The report discusses the underlying concepts and the formal methods for this approach. Two examples are used to illustrate the procedure. The algorithm for constructing interfaces can be automated, and a preliminary software system for its implementation has been developed.

  7. Neuro-oncology update: radiation safety and nursing care during interstitial brachytherapy

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Randall, T.M.; Drake, D.K.; Sewchand, W.

    Radiation control and safety are major considerations for nursing personnel during the care of patients receiving brachytherapy. Since the theory and practice of radiation applications are not part of the routine curriculum of nursing programs, the education of nurses and other health care professionals in radiation safety procedures is important. Regulatory agencies recommend that an annual safety course be given to all persons frequenting, using, or associated with patients containing radioactive materials. This article presents pertinent aspects of the principles and procedures of radiation safety, the role of personnel dose-monitoring devices, and the value of additional radiation control features, suchmore » as a lead cubicle, during interstitial brain implants. One institution's protocol and procedures for the care of high-intensity iridium-192 brain implants are discussed. Preoperative teaching guidelines and nursing interventions included in the protocol focus on radiation control principles.« less

  8. 46 CFR 160.176-6 - Procedure for approval of design or material revision.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Procedure for approval of design or material revision... Lifejackets § 160.176-6 Procedure for approval of design or material revision. (a) Each change in design, material, or construction must be approved by the Commandant before being used in lifejacket production. (b...

  9. Inorganic fullerenes and nanotubes: Wealth of materials and morphologies

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bar-Sadan, M.; Kaplan-Ashiri, I.; Tenne, R.

    2007-10-01

    It is already well established today that numerous materials form closed-cage structures, of which carbon fullerenes and nanotubes are a special case [1]. Inorganic fullerene-like nanoparticles (designated IF) and inorganic nanotubes (INT) have been produced by different routes and experimental techniques, achieving persistent growth of a variety of materials and structural wealth within them. The research in this area has focused on synthesizing new IF and INT materials and understanding their different properties as well as scaling up the synthetic process in order to make it suitable for industrial applications. In this review, the main synthetic procedures to obtain inorganic fullerene-like nanoparticles and nanotubes will be discussed alongside with the different mechanisms that affect the morphology of the final product. The main differences between the morphologies will be presented. Some general considerations relating the properties of the parent compound with the morphology of the product will be mentioned.

  10. Science and technology of stressed liquid crystals: display and non-display applications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Melnyk, Olha; Garbovskiy, Yuriy; Glushchenko, Anatoliy

    2017-08-01

    Stressed liquid crystals (SLCs) have emerged as promising tunable electro-optical materials more than a decade ago. They are optically transparent and are characterized by a giant phase modulation of the incident light (Nπ, N >> 1), fast (millisecond and shorter) electro-optical response, and a relatively low driving voltage (∼1 V/μm). Surprisingly, despite their advanced electro-optical performance, these new materials did not receive due attention in the research community. One possible reason of such an inadequate interest in SLCs is the lack of the well-documented procedure describing how to actually produce these materials. This paper is aimed at the development of such a step-by-step practical guide suitable for experimentalist and engineers. The proposed technology is applied to produce and characterize SLCs. In addition, some applications of the materials are briefly discussed and a broader overview of their possible use is outlined.

  11. Cell attachment properties of Portland cement-based endodontic materials: biological and methodological considerations.

    PubMed

    Ahmed, Hany Mohamed Aly; Luddin, Norhayati; Kannan, Thirumulu Ponnuraj; Mokhtar, Khairani Idah; Ahmad, Azlina

    2014-10-01

    The attachment and spreading of mammalian cells on endodontic biomaterials are an area of active research. The purpose of this review is to discuss the cell attachment properties of Portland cement (PC)-based materials by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, methodological aspects and technical challenges are discussed. A PubMed electronic search was conducted by using appropriate key words to identify the available investigations on the cell attachment properties of PC-based endodontic materials. After retrieving the full text of related articles, the cross citations were also identified. A total of 23 articles published between January 1993 and October 2013 were identified. This review summarizes the cell attachment properties of commercial and experimental PC-based materials on different cell cultures by using SEM. Methodological procedures, technical challenges, and relevance of SEM in determining the biological profile of PC-based materials are discussed. SEM observations demonstrate that commercial MTA formulations show favorable cell attachment properties, which is consistent with their successful clinical outcomes. The favorable cell attachment properties of PC and its modified formulations support its potential use as a substitute for mineral trioxide aggregate. However, researchers should carefully select cell types for their SEM investigations that would be in contact with the proposed PC-based combinations in the clinical situation. Despite being a technical challenge, SEM provides useful information on the cell attachment properties of PC-based materials; however, other assays for cell proliferation and viability are essential to come up with an accurate in vitro biological profile of any given PC-based formulation. Copyright © 2014 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  12. Student Motivational Skill Training Package: Evaluation for Air Force Technical Training.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1982-12-01

    for individuals to volunteer to critique the materials and to give a module to one of their students for critique. The first module, the Introduction...was then handed out to the instructor volunteers . One week later the contractor returned, picked up the first set of module critiques, and...incorporating their own ideas and procedures in group discussions as they saw fit. One of the instructors volunteered to be the first Senior Instructor for

  13. Computer Assisted Instruction in Air Force Medical Training: Preliminary Findings

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1977-05-01

    and exp!zin the physiology of the respiratQry system. 2. Block XXI, paragraph 13d: Discuss mononucleosis . In contrast, some of the objectives in the POI...for transfer, and resulted in nmany complications to the plans of dhe Air Force. and the student. If the student failed the retest and the academic...lessons on sputum processing and staining procedures would normally have been taught in conjunction with material on infectious lung disease, but because of

  14. Legal considerations for document delivery services.

    PubMed Central

    Bunting, A

    1994-01-01

    Health sciences libraries that provide fee-based information services must consider and develop policies and procedures for complying with legal requirements. This paper reviews the provisions of copyright law that pertain to document delivery, including two court decisions concerning copyright. Also discussed are recent actions by publishers to reinforce their view of libraries' responsibilities for royalty fees for articles copied and their use of licenses to impose additional restrictions on the use of and reproduction of materials. PMID:8004023

  15. Removal of Oxygen from Electronic Materials by Vapor-Phase Processes

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Palosz, Witold

    1997-01-01

    Thermochemical analyses of equilibrium partial pressures over oxides with and without the presence of the respective element condensed phase, and hydrogen, chalcogens, hydrogen chalcogenides, and graphite are presented. Theoretical calculations are supplemented with experimental results on the rate of decomposition and/or sublimation/vaporization of the oxides under dynamic vacuum, and on the rate of reaction with hydrogen, graphite, and chalcogens. Procedures of removal of a number of oxides under different conditions are discussed.

  16. ASRDI oxygen technology survey. Volume 5: Density and liquid level measurement instrumentation for the cryogenic fluids oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Roder, H. M.

    1974-01-01

    Information is presented on instrumentation for density measurement, liquid level measurement, quantity gauging, and phase measurement. Coverage of existing information directly concerned with oxygen was given primary emphasis. A description of the physical principle of measurement for each instrumentation type is included. The basic materials of construction are listed if available from the source document for each instrument discussed. Cleaning requirements, procedures, and verification techniques are included.

  17. Results of tests of K5NA and a revised formulation of EPDM/cork patch material in MSFC Hot Gas Facility

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Dean, W. G.

    1982-01-01

    During prelaunch procedures at Kennedy Space Center some of the EPDM Thermal Protection System material was damaged on the Solid Rocket Booster stiffener stubs. The preferred solution was to patch the damaged areas with a cork-filled epoxy patching compound. Before this was done, however, it was requested that this patching technique be checked out by testing it in the MSFC Hot Gas Facility. Two tests were run in the HFG in 1980. The results showed the patch material to be adequate. Since that time, the formulation of the cork-filled epoxy material has been changed. It became necessary to retest this concept to be sure that the new material is as good as or better than the original material. In addition to the revised formulation material, tests were also made using K5NA as the patch material. The objectives of the tests reported herein were to: (1) compare the thermal performance of the original and the new cork-filled epoxy formulations, and (2) compare the K5NA closeout material to these epoxy materials. Material specifications are also discussed.

  18. 46 CFR 164.019-9 - Procedure for acceptance of revisions of design, process, or materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Procedure for acceptance of revisions of design, process, or materials. 164.019-9 Section 164.019-9 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL MATERIALS Personal Flotation Device Components § 164.019-9 Procedure fo...

  19. 46 CFR 164.019-9 - Procedure for acceptance of revisions of design, process, or materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Procedure for acceptance of revisions of design, process, or materials. 164.019-9 Section 164.019-9 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL MATERIALS Personal Flotation Device Components § 164.019-9 Procedure fo...

  20. 46 CFR 164.019-9 - Procedure for acceptance of revisions of design, process, or materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Procedure for acceptance of revisions of design, process, or materials. 164.019-9 Section 164.019-9 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL MATERIALS Personal Flotation Device Components § 164.019-9 Procedure fo...

  1. Status of research into lightning effects on aircraft

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Plumer, J. A.

    1976-01-01

    Developments in aircraft lightning protection since 1938 are reviewed. Potential lightning problems resulting from present trends toward the use of electronic controls and composite structures are discussed, along with presently available lightning test procedures for problem assessment. The validity of some procedures is being questioned because of pessimistic results and design implications. An in-flight measurement program is needed to provide statistics on lightning severity at flight altitudes and to enable more realistic tests, and operators are urged to supply researchers with more details on electronic components damaged by lightning strikes. A need for review of certain aspects of fuel system vulnerability is indicated by several recent accidents, and specific areas for examination are identified. New educational materials and standardization activities are also noted.

  2. X-ray absorption radiography for high pressure shock wave studies

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Antonelli, L.; Atzeni, S.; Batani, D.; Baton, S. D.; Brambrink, E.; Forestier-Colleoni, P.; Koenig, M.; Le Bel, E.; Maheut, Y.; Nguyen-Bui, T.; Richetta, M.; Rousseaux, C.; Ribeyre, X.; Schiavi, A.; Trela, J.

    2018-01-01

    The study of laser compressed matter, both warm dense matter (WDM) and hot dense matter (HDM), is relevant to several research areas, including materials science, astrophysics, inertial confinement fusion. X-ray absorption radiography is a unique tool to diagnose compressed WDM and HDM. The application of radiography to shock-wave studies is presented and discussed. In addition to the standard Abel inversion to recover a density map from a transmission map, a procedure has been developed to generate synthetic radiographs using density maps produced by the hydrodynamics code DUED. This procedure takes into account both source-target geometry and source size (which plays a non negligible role in the interpretation of the data), and allows to reproduce transmission data with a good degree of accuracy.

  3. Closed-ecology life support systems /CELSS/ for long-duration, manned missions

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Modell, M.; Spurlock, J. M.

    1979-01-01

    Studies were conducted to scope the principal areas of technology that can contribute to the development of closed-ecology life support systems (CELSS). Such systems may be required for future space activities, such as space stations, manufacturing facilities, or colonies. A major feature of CELSS is the regeneration of food from carbon in waste materials. Several processes, using biological and/or physico-chemical components, have been postulated for closing the recycle loop. At the present time, limits of available technical information preclude the specification of an optimum scheme. Nevertheless, the most significant technical requirements can be determined by way of an iterative procedure of formulating, evaluating and comparing various closed-system scenario. The functions features and applications of this systems engineering procedure are discussed.

  4. A novel method for fabrication of continuous-relief optical elements

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Guo, Xiaowei; Du, Jinglei; Chen, Mingyong; Ma, Yanqin; Zhu, Jianhua; Peng, Qinjun; Guo, Yongkang; Du, Chunlei

    2005-08-01

    A novel method for the fabrication of continuous micro-optical components is presented in this paper. It employs a computer controlled spatial-light-modulator (SLM) as a switchable projection mask and silver-halide sensitized gelatin (SHSG) as recording material. By etching SHSG with enzyme solution, the micro-optical components with relief modulation can be generated through special processing procedures. The principles of digital SLM-based lithography and enzyme etching SHSG are discussed in detail, and microlens arrays, micro axicon-lens arrays and gratings with good profile were achieved. This method is simple, cheap and the aberration in processing procedures can be in-situ corrected in the step of designing mask, so it is a practical method to fabricate continuous profile for low-volume production.

  5. Herpetological Monitoring Using a Pitfall Trapping Design in Southern California

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Fisher, Robert; Stokes, Drew; Rochester, Carlton; Brehme, Cheryl; Hathaway, Stacie; Case, Ted

    2008-01-01

    The steps necessary to conduct a pitfall trapping survey for small terrestrial vertebrates are presented. Descriptions of the materials needed and the methods to build trapping equipment from raw materials are discussed. Recommended data collection techniques are given along with suggested data fields. Animal specimen processing procedures, including toe- and scale-clipping, are described for lizards, snakes, frogs, and salamanders. Methods are presented for conducting vegetation surveys that can be used to classify the environment associated with each pitfall trap array. Techniques for data storage and presentation are given based on commonly use computer applications. As with any study, much consideration should be given to the study design and methods before beginning any data collection effort.

  6. Separation of cells from the rat anterior pituitary gland

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hymer, Wesley C.; Hatfield, J. Michael

    1983-01-01

    Various techniques for separating the hormone-producing cell types from the rat anterior pituitary gland are examined. The purity, viability, and responsiveness of the separated cells depend on the physiological state of the donor, the tissue dissociation procedures, the staining technique used for identification of cell type, and the cell separation technique. The chamber-gradient setup and operation, the characteristics of the gradient materials, and the separated cell analysis of velocity sedimentation techniques (in particular Staput and Celsep) are described. Consideration is given to the various types of materials used in density gradient centrifugation and the operation of a gradient generating device. The use of electrophoresis to separate rat pituitary cells is discussed.

  7. Procedures, considerations for welding X-80 line pipe established

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hillenbrand, H.G.; Niederhoff, K.A.; Hauck, G.

    1997-09-15

    The possibility of manufacturing and laying high-strength Grade X-80 (GRS 550) linepipe has been proven in large projects that have already been implemented. Two welding methods for pipeline construction are well established: manual deposition of root and hot passes with cellulosic electrodes and of filler and cap passes with basic vertical-down electrodes (combined-electrode welding) and mechanized-gas-metal arc welding (GMAW). This is also true for the welding consumables, which have been well-tuned to match the pipe material in strength. The pipe material is suitable for unrestricted use in onshore and offshore applications. The paper discusses higher grades, composition, weldability, welding methods,more » and economics.« less

  8. General aviation aircraft interior noise problem: Some suggested solutions

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Roskam, J.; Navaneethan, R.

    1984-01-01

    Laboratory investigation of sound transmission through panels and the use of modern data analysis techniques applied to actual aircraft is used to determine methods to reduce general aviation interior noise. The experimental noise reduction characteristics of stiffened flat and curved panels with damping treatment are discussed. The experimental results of double-wall panels used in the general aviation industry are given. The effects of skin panel material, fiberglass insulation and trim panel material on the noise reduction characteristics of double-wall panels are investigated. With few modifications, the classical sound transmission theory can be used to design the interior noise control treatment of aircraft. Acoustic intensity and analysis procedures are included.

  9. Relative toxicity testing of spacecraft materials. 1: Spacecraft materials. [lethality of pyrolysates

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lawrence, W. H.

    1980-01-01

    In chamber thermodegradation procedures were used to access the lethality to rats of the pyrolysis/combustion products of three foams, an adhesive backed metallic tape and RTV silicone rubber adhesive sealant used in spacecraft construction. The role of carbon monoxide in the overall pyrolysate toxicity was also investigated. Post exposure observation of the rats, histological evaluation of selected organs, carbon monoxide concentration in the chamber atmosphere during exposure and the percent carboxyhemoglobin in the animals expiring in the chamber are discussed. Thermogravimetric analysis and dosage response results are given. The lethal effect of the RTV silicon appears to be due to physical obstruction of the respiratory system by particulate matter from pyrolysis.

  10. Crystal growth, fabrication and evaluation of cadmium manganese telluride gamma ray detectors

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Burger, Arnold; Chattopadhyay, Kaushik; Chen, Henry; Olivier Ndap, Jean; Ma, Xiaoyan; Trivedi, Sudhir; Kutcher, Susan W.; Chen, Rujin; Rosemeier, Robert D.

    1999-03-01

    Cadmium manganese telluride (Cd 1- xMn xTe) is a diluted magnetic semiconductor material which forms the basis for many important devices such as IR detectors, solar cells, magnetic field sensors, optical isolators, and visible and near IR lasers. High resistivity (>10 10 Ω cm) and high μ τ (>10 -6 cm 2/V) material, which are the two prerequisites in the fabrication of radiation detectors, has recently been demonstrated at Brimrose Corp. This paper presents the crystal growth of intentionally vanadium doped crystals, the surface preparation and contacting procedure, as well as the best detector performance obtained so far. Dark current characteristics, and low temperature photoluminescence results are also presented and discussed.

  11. Analysis of multiple activity manual materials handling tasks using A Guide to Manual Materials Handling.

    PubMed

    Mital, A

    1999-01-01

    Manual handling of materials continues to be a hazardous activity, leading to a very significant number of severe overexertion injuries. Designing jobs that are within the physical capabilities of workers is one approach ergonomists have adopted to redress this problem. As a result, several job design procedures have been developed over the years. However, these procedures are limited to designing or evaluating only pure lifting jobs or only the lifting aspect of a materials handling job. This paper describes a general procedure that may be used to design or analyse materials handling jobs that involve several different kinds of activities (e.g. lifting, lowering, carrying, pushing, etc). The job design/analysis procedure utilizes an elemental approach (breaking the job into elements) and relies on databases provided in A Guide to Manual Materials Handling to compute associated risk factors. The use of the procedure is demonstrated with the help of two case studies.

  12. Coupled multi-disciplinary simulation of composite engine structures in propulsion environment

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Chamis, Christos C.; Singhal, Surendra N.

    1992-01-01

    A computational simulation procedure is described for the coupled response of multi-layered multi-material composite engine structural components which are subjected to simultaneous multi-disciplinary thermal, structural, vibration, and acoustic loadings including the effect of hostile environments. The simulation is based on a three dimensional finite element analysis technique in conjunction with structural mechanics codes and with acoustic analysis methods. The composite material behavior is assessed at the various composite scales, i.e., the laminate/ply/constituents (fiber/matrix), via a nonlinear material characterization model. Sample cases exhibiting nonlinear geometrical, material, loading, and environmental behavior of aircraft engine fan blades, are presented. Results for deformed shape, vibration frequency, mode shapes, and acoustic noise emitted from the fan blade, are discussed for their coupled effect in hot and humid environments. Results such as acoustic noise for coupled composite-mechanics/heat transfer/structural/vibration/acoustic analyses demonstrate the effectiveness of coupled multi-disciplinary computational simulation and the various advantages of composite materials compared to metals.

  13. 10 CFR 440.21 - Weatherization materials standards and energy audit procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Weatherization materials standards and energy audit procedures. 440.21 Section 440.21 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE FOR LOW-INCOME PERSONS § 440.21 Weatherization materials standards and energy audit procedures. (a...

  14. 10 CFR 440.21 - Weatherization materials standards and energy audit procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Weatherization materials standards and energy audit procedures. 440.21 Section 440.21 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE FOR LOW-INCOME PERSONS § 440.21 Weatherization materials standards and energy audit procedures. (a...

  15. 10 CFR 440.21 - Weatherization materials standards and energy audit procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Weatherization materials standards and energy audit procedures. 440.21 Section 440.21 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE FOR LOW-INCOME PERSONS § 440.21 Weatherization materials standards and energy audit procedures. (a...

  16. 10 CFR 440.21 - Weatherization materials standards and energy audit procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Weatherization materials standards and energy audit procedures. 440.21 Section 440.21 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE FOR LOW-INCOME PERSONS § 440.21 Weatherization materials standards and energy audit procedures. (a...

  17. Solubilization methods and reference 2-DE map of cow milk fat globules.

    PubMed

    Bianchi, Laura; Puglia, Michele; Landi, Claudia; Matteoni, Silvia; Perini, Daniele; Armini, Alessandro; Verani, Margherita; Trombetta, Claudia; Soldani, Patrizia; Roncada, Paola; Greppi, Gianfranco; Pallini, Vitaliano; Bini, Luca

    2009-07-21

    Milk fat globules (MFGs) are secretory vesicles assembled and secreted by mammary epithelial cells during lactation. They consist of fat globules surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane which is derived from the apical membrane of the lactating cells. MFGs contain, besides lipids, proteins from the apical plasma membrane and from the cytoplasmatic material. Their peculiar vesicle nature makes them a suitable and easily available source of biological material in monitoring the physiopathological state of the mammary gland. Unfortunately, the conspicuous lipidic component of MFGs consistently limits protein extraction and purification for MFG proteomic investigations. This work deals with the development of a suitable procedure for protein extraction from the cow MFGs in order to qualitatively and quantitatively improve 2-D electropherograms of the MFG. MFGs were purified from raw milk by centrifugation and then delipidated/precipitated. The resulting protein pellets were solubilised using four different 2-D SDS PAGE compatible lysis buffers. Applied methodological procedures for protein extraction and evaluation of the resulting 2-D protein-pattern are presented and discussed. Using these procedures a reference 2-D map of cow milk fat globules is also reported. The majority of the obtained identifications was represented by proteins involved in lipid synthesis or in fat globule secretion.

  18. Trace level voltammetric determination of heavy metals and total mercury in tea matrices (Camellia sinensis).

    PubMed

    Melucci, Dora; Locatelli, Marcello; Locatelli, Clinio

    2013-12-01

    An analytical procedure regarding the voltammetric determination of mercury(II), copper(II), lead(II), cadmium(II) and zinc(II) by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) in matrices involved in food chain is proposed. In particular, tea leaves were analyzed as real samples. The digestion of each matrix was carried out using a concentrated HCl-HNO3-H2SO4 acidic attack mixture; 0.01 mol L(-1) EDTA-Na2+ 0.15 mol L(-1) NaCl + 0.5 mol L(-1) HCl was employed as the supporting electrolyte. The voltammetric measurements were carried out using a conventional three electrode cell, employing, as working electrodes, a gold electrode (GE) and a stationary hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). The analytical procedure has been verified on the standard reference materials Spinach Leaves NIST-SRM 1570a, Tomato Leaves NIST-SRM 1573a and Apple Leaves NIST-SRM 1515. For all the elements, the precision as repeatability, expressed as relative standard deviation (sr) was of the order of 3-5%, while the trueness, expressed as relative error (e) was of the order of 3-7%. Once set up on the standard reference materials, the analytical procedure was applied to commercial tea leaves samples. A critical comparison with spectroscopic measurements is also discussed.

  19. Impaired Statistical Learning in Developmental Dyslexia

    PubMed Central

    Thiessen, Erik D.; Holt, Lori L.

    2015-01-01

    Purpose Developmental dyslexia (DD) is commonly thought to arise from phonological impairments. However, an emerging perspective is that a more general procedural learning deficit, not specific to phonological processing, may underlie DD. The current study examined if individuals with DD are capable of extracting statistical regularities across sequences of passively experienced speech and nonspeech sounds. Such statistical learning is believed to be domain-general, to draw upon procedural learning systems, and to relate to language outcomes. Method DD and control groups were familiarized with a continuous stream of syllables or sine-wave tones, the ordering of which was defined by high or low transitional probabilities across adjacent stimulus pairs. Participants subsequently judged two 3-stimulus test items with either high or low statistical coherence as being the most similar to the sounds heard during familiarization. Results As with control participants, the DD group was sensitive to the transitional probability structure of the familiarization materials as evidenced by above-chance performance. However, the performance of participants with DD was significantly poorer than controls across linguistic and nonlinguistic stimuli. In addition, reading-related measures were significantly correlated with statistical learning performance of both speech and nonspeech material. Conclusion Results are discussed in light of procedural learning impairments among participants with DD. PMID:25860795

  20. CEREC CAD/CAM Chairside System

    PubMed Central

    SANNINO, G.; GERMANO, F.; ARCURI, L.; BIGELLI, E.; ARCURI, C.; BARLATTANI, A.

    2014-01-01

    SUMMARY Purpose. The aim of this paper was to describe the CEREC 3 chairside system, providing the clinicians a detailed analysis of the whole digital workflow. Benefits and limitations of this technology compared with the conventional prosthetic work-flow were also highlighted and discussed. Materials and methods. Clinical procedures (tooth preparation, impression taking, adhesive luting), operational components and their capabilities as well as restorative materials used with CEREC 3 chairside system were reported. Results. The CEREC system has shown many positive aspects that make easier, faster and less expensive the prosthetic workflow. The operator-dependent errors are minimized compared to the conventional prosthetic protocol. Furthermore, a better acceptance level for the impression procedure has shown by the patients. The only drawback could be the subgingival placement of the margins compared with the supra/juxta gingival margins, since more time was required for the impression taking as well as the adhesive luting phase. The biocopy project seemed to be the best tool to obtain functionalized surfaces and keep unchanged gnathological data. Material selection was related to type of restoration. Conclusions. The evidence of our clinical practice suggests that CEREC 3 chairside system allows to produce highly aesthetic and reliable restorations in a single visit, while minimizing costs and patient discomfort during prosthetic treatment. However improvements in materials and technologies are needed in order to overcome the actual drawbacks. PMID:25992260

  1. Fracture toughness of SiC/Al metal matrix composite

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Flom, Yury; Parker, B. H.; Chu, H. P.

    1989-01-01

    An experimental study was conducted to evaluate fracture toughness of SiC/Al metal matrix composite (MMC). The material was a 12.7 mm thick extrusion of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy with 40 v/o SiC particulates. Specimen configuration and test procedure conformed to ASTM E399 Standard for compact specimens. It was found that special procedures were necessary to obtain fatigue cracks of controlled lengths in the preparation of precracked specimens for the MMC material. Fatigue loading with both minimum and maximum loads in compression was used to start the precrack. The initial precracking would stop by self-arrest. Afterwards, the precrack could be safely extended to the desired length by additional cyclic tensile loading. Test results met practically all the E399 criteria for the calculation of plane strain fracture toughness of the material. A valid K sub IC value of the SiC/Al composite was established as K sub IC = 8.9 MPa square root of m. The threshold stress intensity under which crack would cease to grow in the material was estimated as delta K sub th = 2MPa square root of m for R = 0.09 using the fatigue precracking data. Fractographic examinations show that failure occurred by the micromechanism involved with plastic deformation although the specimens broke by brittle fracture. The effect of precracking by cyclic loading in compression on fracture toughness is included in the discussion.

  2. 14 CFR Appendix F to Part 23 - Test Procedure

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Test Procedure F Appendix F to Part 23...—Test Procedure Part I—Acceptable Test Procedure for Self-Extinguishing Materials for Showing Compliance With §§ 23.853, 23.855, and 23.1359 Acceptable test procedure for self-extinguishing materials for...

  3. 14 CFR Appendix F to Part 23 - Test Procedure

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Test Procedure F Appendix F to Part 23...—Test Procedure Part I—Acceptable Test Procedure for Self-Extinguishing Materials for Showing Compliance With §§ 23.853, 23.855, and 23.1359 Acceptable test procedure for self-extinguishing materials for...

  4. (High temperature flaw assessment procedure)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ruggles, M.B.

    1990-06-01

    The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), the Japanese Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), and the British Nuclear Electric (NE) are conducting joint studies in the field of liquid metal reactor development. The traveler is currently responsible for the EPRI/CRIEPI/NE High-Temperature Flaw Assessment Procedure activities at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The traveler participated, on behalf of EPRI, in the EPRI/CRIEPI/NE specialist working session, the purpose of which was to produce the interim High-Temperature Flaw Assessment guide. The traveler also led discussions on the High-Temperature Flaw Assessment Procedure Phase 2 program plan, and on the plan formore » a new joint EPRI/CRIEPI/NE study in Inelastic Behavior and Failure Criteria for Modified 9Cr--1Mo Steel. The traveler visited Profs. K. Ikegami, Y. Asada, N. Ohno, T. Inoue, and K. Kaneko at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, the University of Tokyo, Nagoya University, Kyoto University, and Science University of Tokyo, respectively to hold discussions on research advances in the areas of high-temperature fracture mechanics, inelastic material behavior, and constitutive modeling. In addition, the traveler visited Kajima Corp. and Ohbayashi Corp. Technical Research Institute to collect information on research in the area of fiber reinforced concrete.« less

  5. Chemical Retraction Agents - in vivo and in vitro Studies into their Physico-Chemical Properties, Biocompatibility with Gingival Margin Tissues and Compatibility with Elastomer Impression Materials.

    PubMed

    Nowakowska, Danuta; Saczko, Jolanta; Kulbacka, Julita; Wicckiewicz, Wlodzimierz

    2017-01-01

    Gingival margin retraction/displacement (GMR/D) is a commonly accepted procedure in restorative dentistry. Of the various retraction methods, the chemo-mechanical approach with retraction media and chemical retraction agents (ChRAs) is mostly used. Different local and/or systemic side effects were observed after "chemical attacks" from these retraction agents. Moreover, no consensus exists as to the compatibility of chemical agents with different impression materials. This paper reports the findings of in vivo and in vitro studies and we discuss the physico-chemical properties of chemical retraction agents, their undesirable clinical side effects, biological activity and compatibility with selected groups of elastomer impression materials. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.

  6. Experimental Procedure for Warm Spinning of Cast Aluminum Components.

    PubMed

    Roy, Matthew J; Maijer, Daan M

    2017-02-01

    High performance, cast aluminum automotive wheels are increasingly being incrementally formed via flow forming/metal spinning at elevated temperatures to improve material properties. With a wide array of processing parameters which can affect both the shape attained and resulting material properties, this type of processing is notoriously difficult to commission. A simplified, light-duty version of the process has been designed and implemented for full-size automotive wheels. The apparatus is intended to assist in understanding the deformation mechanisms and the material response to this type of processing. An experimental protocol has been developed to prepare for, and subsequently perform forming trials and is described for as-cast A356 wheel blanks. The thermal profile attained, along with instrumentation details are provided. Similitude with full-scale forming operations which impart significantly more deformation at faster rates is discussed.

  7. Experimental Procedure for Warm Spinning of Cast Aluminum Components

    PubMed Central

    Roy, Matthew J.; Maijer, Daan M.

    2017-01-01

    High performance, cast aluminum automotive wheels are increasingly being incrementally formed via flow forming/metal spinning at elevated temperatures to improve material properties. With a wide array of processing parameters which can affect both the shape attained and resulting material properties, this type of processing is notoriously difficult to commission. A simplified, light-duty version of the process has been designed and implemented for full-size automotive wheels. The apparatus is intended to assist in understanding the deformation mechanisms and the material response to this type of processing. An experimental protocol has been developed to prepare for, and subsequently perform forming trials and is described for as-cast A356 wheel blanks. The thermal profile attained, along with instrumentation details are provided. Similitude with full-scale forming operations which impart significantly more deformation at faster rates is discussed. PMID:28190063

  8. Microwave absorption performance of Ni(OH)2 decorating biomass carbon composites from Jackfruit peel

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Guan, Hongtao; Wang, Huiya; Zhang, Yanlin; Dong, Chengjun; Chen, Gang; Wang, Yude; Xie, Jianbin

    2018-07-01

    The composite material of Ni(OH)2/biomass carbon have been prepared by a facile "carbonization-activation" procedure from Jackfruit peel and a subsequent water-bathing precipitation process. The biomass carbon material after activation (AC) is constituted of small particles and achieves a large specific surface area of 1602 m2/g. After decoration of Ni(OH)2 nanosheets, the Ni(OH)2/AC composites were investigated the microwave absorption performances in 2-18 GHz. The maximum reflection loss of the Ni(OH)2/AC composites reached -23.6 dB at 15.48 GHz with a thickness of 6 mm. Moreover, the fundamental mechanism based on conductivity, the polarization and defects is discussed. The present investigation offers a new possibility for the biomass based fabrication of potential microwave absorbing materials.

  9. Spacecraft sterilization.

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kalfayan, S. H.

    1972-01-01

    Spacecraft sterilization is a vital factor in projects for the successful biological exploration of other planets. The microorganisms of major concern are the fungi and bacteria. Sterilization procedures are oriented toward the destruction of bacterial spores. Gaseous sterilants are examined, giving attention to formaldehyde, beta-propiolactone, ethylene oxide, and the chemistry of the bactericidal action of sterilants. Radiation has been seriously considered as another method for spacecraft sterilization. Dry heat sterilization is discussed together with the effects of ethylene oxide decontamination and dry heat sterilization on materials.

  10. Accelerator tube construction and characterization for a tandem-electrostatic-quadrupole for accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy.

    PubMed

    Cartelli, D; Vento, V Thatar; Castell, W; Di Paolo, H; Kesque, J M; Bergueiro, J; Valda, A A; Erhardt, J; Kreiner, A J

    2011-12-01

    The accelerator tubes are essential components of the accelerator. Their function is to transport and accelerate a very intense proton or deuteron beam through the machine, from the ion source to the neutron production target, without significant losses. In this contribution, we discuss materials selected for the tube construction, the procedures used for their assembly and the testing performed to meet the stringent requirements to which it is subjected. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  11. Latch fittings for the scientific instruments on the space telescope

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Dozier, J. D.; Kaelber, E.

    1983-01-01

    Latch fittings which kinematically mount the replaceable scientific instruments onto the Space Telescope must maintain precise alignment and thermal stability for on-orbit observations. Design features which are needed to meet stringent criteria include the use of ceramic isolators for thermal and electrical insulation, materials with different coefficients of thermal expansion for athermalization, precision manufacturing procedures, and extremely tight tolerances. A specific latch fitting to be discussed is a ball-and-socket design. In addition, testing, crew aids, and problems will be covered.

  12. Notes on the plasma resonance peak employed to determine doping in SiC

    DOE PAGES

    Engelbrecht, J. A. A.; van Rooyen, I. J.; Henry, A.; ...

    2015-07-23

    In this study, the doping level of a semiconductor material can be determined using the plasma resonance frequency to obtain the carrier concentration associated with doping. This paper provides an overview of the procedure for the three most common polytypes of SiC. Results for 3C-SiC are presented and discussed. In phosphorus doped samples analysed, it is submitted that the 2nd plasma resonance cannot be detected due to high values of the free carrier damping constant γ.

  13. Analytical techniques and instrumentation, a compilation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1974-01-01

    Procedures for conducting materials tests and structural analyses of aerospace components are presented as a part of the NASA technology utilization program. Some of the subjects discussed are as follows: (1) failures in cryogenic tank insulation, (2) friction characteristics of graphite and graphite-metal combinations, (3) evaluation of polymeric products in thermal-vacuum environment, (4) erosion of metals by multiple impacts with water, (5) mass loading effects on vibrated ring and shell structures, (6) nonlinear damping in structures, and (7) method for estimating reliability of randomly excited structures.

  14. Time-Temperature Studies of High Temperature Deterioration Phenomena in Lubricant Systems: Synthetic Ester Lubricants.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1983-09-01

    or esti- mated iii gas phase combustion studies. Results of kinetic analysis of cleavage product formation are consistent with two modes of their...Hydroperoxi de Determi nation 168 Soluble Iron Determination 169 Materials 169 Results and Discussion 171 Wear with Pure and Autoxidized n-Hexadecane...184th ACS Neeting in Kansas City, Iissouri. A novel HPLC procedure used for ....lysis of .utoxidation products throug.out ur studies Is des irCe ie rdrL

  15. A method to estimate weight and dimensions of large and small gas turbine engines

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Onat, E.; Klees, G. W.

    1979-01-01

    A computerized method was developed to estimate weight and envelope dimensions of large and small gas turbine engines within + or - 5% to 10%. The method is based on correlations of component weight and design features of 29 data base engines. Rotating components were estimated by a preliminary design procedure which is sensitive to blade geometry, operating conditions, material properties, shaft speed, hub tip ratio, etc. The development and justification of the method selected, and the various methods of analysis are discussed.

  16. Detecting defects in marine structures by using eddy current infrared thermography.

    PubMed

    Swiderski, W

    2016-12-01

    Eddy current infrared (IR) thermography is a new nondestructive testing (NDT) technique used for the detection of cracks in electroconductive materials. By combining the well-established inspection methods of eddy current NDT and IR thermography, this technique uses induced eddy currents to heat test samples. In this way, IR thermography allows the visualization of eddy current distribution that is distorted in defect sites. This paper discusses the results of numerical modeling of eddy current IR thermography procedures in application to marine structures.

  17. Investigation of a Hybrid Wafer Scale Integration Technique that Mounts Discrete Integrated Circuit Die in a Silicon Substrate.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1988-03-01

    Polyimides as Planarizing and Insulative Coatings 2-21 III. Experimental Procedure, Equipment, and Materials 3-1 Wet Orientation Dependent Etching Study 3...1 Die Bond Adhesives Study .3-7 Fabrication of Samples for Electrical Testing 3-21 Evaluation of the Final Samples 3-45 IV. Experimental Results and...Discussion .. 4-1 We :ientation Dependent Etching Study Results 4-1 Die Attach Adhesives Study Results 4-21 Fabrication of Samples for Electrical

  18. 46 CFR 160.077-7 - Procedure for approval of design or material revision.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... being used in any production of PFDs. (b) Determinations of equivalence of design, construction, and... 46 Shipping 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Procedure for approval of design or material revision... Personal Flotation Devices § 160.077-7 Procedure for approval of design or material revision. (a) Each...

  19. Radiological Protection in Medicine; OCHRONA RADIOLOGICZNA W MEDYCYNIE

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Pensko, J.

    1961-01-01

    S>A review of radiological protection theory and systems, directed toward medical considerations is given. Examples of the types of radioactive materials and types of radiation to which humans might be exposed, the phenomena of energy loss by these types of radiation, and the effects of these transfers of energy in humans, in animals, and in matter in general, are discussed. The present limits (1961) for dose rates and exposures, under various conditions, to the several types of radiation are categorized. The shielding effects of some materials are tabulated; the data for x radiation are prevalent. Arrangement of equipment and recommendedmore » procedures for operation of x-ray devices in medical practice and diagnostic studies are described. The uses of radiation, x rays in particular, in medical therapy for various illnesses and diseases are discussed in detail. Methods of handling and disposing of radioactive wastes are presented, taking into consideration radiological protection and safety of the workers. (R.P.R.)« less

  20. Automated packing systems: review of industrial implementations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Whelan, Paul F.; Batchelor, Bruce G.

    1993-08-01

    A rich theoretical background to the problems that occur in the automation of material handling can be found in operations research, production engineering, systems engineering and automation, more specifically machine vision, literature. This work has contributed towards the design of intelligent handling systems. This paper will review the application of these automated material handling and packing techniques to industrial problems. The discussion will also highlight the systems integration issues involved in these applications. An outline of one such industrial application, the automated placement of shape templates on to leather hides, is also discussed. The purpose of this system is to arrange shape templates on a leather hide in an efficient manner, so as to minimize the leather waste, before they are automatically cut from the hide. These pieces are used in the furniture and car manufacturing industries for the upholstery of high quality leather chairs and car seats. Currently this type of operation is semi-automated. The paper will outline the problems involved in the full automation of such a procedure.

  1. Methods for structural design at elevated temperatures

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ellison, A. M.; Jones, W. E., Jr.; Leimbach, K. R.

    1973-01-01

    A procedure which can be used to design elevated temperature structures is discussed. The desired goal is to have the same confidence in the structural integrity at elevated temperature as the factor of safety gives on mechanical loads at room temperature. Methods of design and analysis for creep, creep rupture, and creep buckling are presented. Example problems are included to illustrate the analytical methods. Creep data for some common structural materials are presented. Appendix B is description, user's manual, and listing for the creep analysis program. The program predicts time to a given creep or to creep rupture for a material subjected to a specified stress-temperature-time spectrum. Fatigue at elevated temperature is discussed. Methods of analysis for high stress-low cycle fatigue, fatigue below the creep range, and fatigue in the creep range are included. The interaction of thermal fatigue and mechanical loads is considered, and a detailed approach to fatigue analysis is given for structures operating below the creep range.

  2. Methods for determination of inorganic substances in water and fluvial sediments

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Fishman, Marvin J.; Friedman, Linda C.

    1989-01-01

    Chapter Al of the laboratory manual contains methods used by the U.S. Geological Survey to analyze samples of water, suspended sediments, and bottom material for their content of inorganic constituents. Included are methods for determining the concentration of dissolved constituents in water, the total recoverable and total of constituents in water-suspended sediment samples, and the recoverable and total concentrations of constituents in samples of bottom material. The introduction to the manual includes essential definitions and a brief discussion of the use of significant figures in calculating and reporting analytical results. Quality control in the water-analysis laboratory is discussed, including the accuracy and precision of analyses, the use of standard-reference water samples, and the operation of an effective quality-assurance program. Methods for sample preparation and pretreatment are given also. A brief discussion of the principles of the analytical techniques involved and their particular application to water and sediment analysis is presented. The analytical methods of these techniques are arranged alphabetically by constituent. For each method, the general topics covered are the application, the principle of the method, the interferences, the apparatus and reagents required, a detailed description of the analytical procedure, reporting results, units and significant figures, and analytical precision data, when available. More than 126 methods are given for the determination of 70 inorganic constituents and physical properties of water, suspended sediment, and bottom material.

  3. Methods for determination of inorganic substances in water and fluvial sediments

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Fishman, Marvin J.; Friedman, Linda C.

    1985-01-01

    Chapter Al of the laboratory manual contains methods used by the Geological Survey to analyze samples of water, suspended sediments, and bottom material for their content of inorganic constituents. Included are methods for determining the concentration of dissolved constituents in water, total recoverable and total of constituents in water-suspended sediment samples, and recoverable and total concentrations of constituents in samples of bottom material. Essential definitions are included in the introduction to the manual, along with a brief discussion of the use of significant figures in calculating and reporting analytical results. Quality control in the water-analysis laboratory is discussed, including accuracy and precision of analyses, the use of standard reference water samples, and the operation of an effective quality assurance program. Methods for sample preparation and pretreatment are given also.A brief discussion of the principles of the analytical techniques involved and their particular application to water and sediment analysis is presented. The analytical methods involving these techniques are arranged alphabetically according to constituent. For each method given, the general topics covered are application, principle of the method, interferences, apparatus and reagents required, a detailed description of the analytical procedure, reporting results, units and significant figures, and analytical precision data, when available. More than 125 methods are given for the determination of 70 different inorganic constituents and physical properties of water, suspended sediment, and bottom material.

  4. Intra-cardiac Embolism of a Large Bone Cement Material after Percutaneous Vertebroplasty Removed through a Combination of an Endovascular Procedure and an Inferior Vena Cava Exploration: a Case Report.

    PubMed

    Park, Jin-Sung; Kim, Jaedong; Lee, Yonggu; Gwon, Jun-Gyo; Park, Ye-Soo

    2018-05-07

    Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is a minimally invasive surgical treatment for patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) and can rapidly alleviate pain, improve mobility, and stabilize the vertebrae. However, it has the potential to cause complications such as cement embolism. A 55-year-old female presented with pain in the lumbar region as a chief complaint. PVP was performed after diagnosis of acute OVCFs at L4 and L5. No abnormal symptoms were reported after surgery, but a large cement embolism was observed in her right atrium and ventricle. After discussion in a multi-disciplinary team, the large cement embolism was successfully removed by a combination of endovascular procedure and an inferior vena cava exploration. Surgeons must consider the possibility of intra-cardiac cement embolism after PVP. A hybrid approach of an endovascular procedure and a vascular surgery may be a reasonable treatment option to minimize the surgical procedure in cases of a large intra-cardiac cement embolism.

  5. Cobalt- and iron-based nanoparticles hosted in SBA-15 mesoporous silica and activated carbon from biomass: Effect of modification procedure

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tsoncheva, Tanya; Genova, Izabela; Paneva, Daniela; Dimitrov, Momtchil; Tsyntsarski, Boyko; Velinov, Nicolay; Ivanova, Radostina; Issa, Gloria; Kovacheva, Daniela; Budinova, Temenujka; Mitov, Ivan; Petrov, Narzislav

    2015-10-01

    Ordered mesoporous silica of SBA-15 type and activated carbon, prepared from waste biomass (peach stones), are used as host matrix of nanosized iron and cobalt particles. The effect of preparation procedure on the state of loaded nanoparticles is in the focus of investigation. The obtained materials are characterized by Boehm method, low temperature physisorption of nitrogen, XRD, UV-Vis, FTIR, Mossbauer spectroscopy and temperature programmed reduction with hydrogen. The catalytic behaviour of the samples is tested in methanol decomposition. The dispersion, oxidative state and catalytic behaviour of loaded cobalt and iron nanoparticles are successfully tuned both by the nature of porous support and the metal precursor used during the samples preparation. Facile effect of active phase deposition from aqueous solution of nitrate precursors is assumed for activated carbon support. For the silica based materials the catalytic activity could be significantly improved when cobalt acetylacetonate is used during the modification. The complex effect of pore topology and surface functionality of different supports on the active phase formation is discussed.

  6. Calibration of areal surface topography measuring instruments

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Seewig, J.; Eifler, M.

    2017-06-01

    The ISO standards which are related to the calibration of areal surface topography measuring instruments are the ISO 25178-6xx series which defines the relevant metrological characteristics for the calibration of different measuring principles and the ISO 25178-7xx series which defines the actual calibration procedures. As the field of areal measurement is however not yet fully standardized, there are still open questions to be addressed which are subject to current research. Based on this, selected research results of the authors in this area are presented. This includes the design and fabrication of areal material measures. For this topic, two examples are presented with the direct laser writing of a stepless material measure for the calibration of the height axis which is based on the Abbott- Curve and the manufacturing of a Siemens star for the determination of the lateral resolution limit. Based on these results, as well a new definition for the resolution criterion, the small scale fidelity, which is still under discussion, is presented. Additionally, a software solution for automated calibration procedures is outlined.

  7. Dual echelon femtosecond single-shot spectroscopy

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Shin, Taeho; Wolfson, Johanna W.; Teitelbaum, Samuel W.

    We have developed a femtosecond single-shot spectroscopic technique to measure irreversible changes in condensed phase materials in real time. Crossed echelons generate a two-dimensional array of time-delayed pulses with one femtosecond probe pulse. This yields 9 ps of time-resolved data from a single laser shot, filling a gap in currently employed measurement methods. We can now monitor ultrafast irreversible dynamics in solid-state materials or other samples that cannot be flowed or replenished between laser shots, circumventing limitations of conventional pump-probe methods due to sample damage or product buildup. Despite the absence of signal-averaging in the single-shot measurement, an acceptable signal-to-noisemore » level has been achieved via background and reference calibration procedures. Pump-induced changes in relative reflectivity as small as 0.2%−0.5% are demonstrated in semimetals, with both electronic and coherent phonon dynamics revealed by the data. The optical arrangement and the space-to-time conversion and calibration procedures necessary to achieve this level of operation are described. Sources of noise and approaches for dealing with them are discussed.« less

  8. MBE growth of strain-compensated InGaAs/InAlAs/InP quantum cascade lasers

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gutowski, P.; Sankowska, I.; Karbownik, P.; Pierścińska, D.; Serebrennikova, O.; Morawiec, M.; Pruszyńska-Karbownik, E.; Gołaszewska-Malec, K.; Pierściński, K.; Muszalski, J.; Bugajski, M.

    2017-05-01

    We investigate growth conditions for strain-compensated In0.67Ga0.33As/In0.36Al0.64As/InP quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy (SSMBE). The extensive discussion of growth procedures is presented. The technology was first elaborated for In0.53Ga0.47As/In0.52Al0.48As material system lattice matched to InP. After that QCLs with lattice matched active region were grown for validation of design and obtained material quality. The next step was elaboration of growth process and especially growth preparation procedures for strain compensated active regions. The grown structures were examined by HRXRD, AFM, and TEM techniques. The on-line implementation of obtained results in subsequent growth runs was crucial for achieving room temperature operating 4.4-μm lasers. For uncoated devices with Fabry-Perrot resonator up to 250 mW of optical power per facet at 300 K was obtained under pulsed conditions. The paper focuses on MBE technology and presents developed algorithm for strain-compensated QCL growth.

  9. Unintended Consequences: How Qualification Constrains Innovation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Brice, Craig A.

    2011-01-01

    The development and implementation of new materials and manufacturing processes for aerospace application is often hindered by the high cost and long time span associated with current qualification procedures. The data requirements necessary for material and process qualification are extensive and often require millions of dollars and multiple years to complete. Furthermore, these qualification data can become obsolete for even minor changes to the processing route. This burden is a serious impediment to the pursuit of revolutionary new materials and more affordable processing methods for air vehicle structures. The application of integrated computational materials engineering methods to this problem can help to reduce the barriers to rapid insertion of new materials and processes. By establishing predictive capability for the development of microstructural features in relation to processing and relating this to critical property characteristics, a streamlined approach to qualification is possible. This paper critically examines the advantages and challenges to a modeling-assisted qualification approach for aerospace structural materials. An example of how this approach might apply towards the emerging field of additive manufacturing is discussed in detail.

  10. Three-dimensional transformation optics for arbitrary coordinate systems: transforming conductive materials and boundaries.

    PubMed

    Kazemzadeh, Mohammad-Rahim; Alighanbari, Abbas

    2018-04-16

    A three-dimensional transformation optics method, leading to homogeneous materials, applicable to any non-Cartesian coordinate systems or waveguides/objects of arbitrary cross-sections is presented. Both the conductive boundary and internal material of the desired device is determined by the proposed formulation. The method is applicable to a wide range of waveguide, radiation, and cloaking problems, and is demonstrated for circular waveguide couplers and an external cloak. An advantage of the present method is that the material properties are simplified by appropriately selecting the conductive boundaries. For instance, a right-angle circular waveguide bend is presented which uses only one homogenous material. Also, transformation of conductive materials and boundaries are studied. The conditions in which the transformed boundaries remain conductive are discussed. In addition, it is demonstrated that negative infinite conductivity can be replaced with positive conductivity, without affecting the field outside the conductive boundary. It is also observed that a negative finite conductivity can be replaced with a positive one, by accepting some small errors. The general mathematical procedure and formulation for calculating the parametric surface equations of the conductive peripheries are presented.

  11. Collagen membranes: a review.

    PubMed

    Bunyaratavej, P; Wang, H L

    2001-02-01

    Collagen materials have been utilized in medicine and dentistry because of their proven biocompatability and capability of promoting wound healing. For guided tissue regeneration (GTR) procedures, collagen membranes have been shown to be comparable to non-absorbable membranes with regard to probing depth reduction, clinical attachment gain, and percent of bone fill. Although these membranes are absorbable, collagen membranes have been demonstrated to prevent epithelial down-growth along the root surfaces during the early phase of wound healing. The use of grafting material in combination with collagen membranes seems to improve clinical outcomes for furcation, but not intrabony, defects when compared to the use of membranes alone. Recently, collagen materials have also been applied in guided bone regeneration (GBR) and root coverage procedures with comparable success rates to non-absorbable expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membranes and conventional subepithelial connective tissue grafts, respectively. Long-term clinical trials are still needed to further evaluate the benefits of collagen membranes in periodontal and peri-implant defects. This article will review the rationale for each indication and its related literature, both in vitro and in vivo studies. The properties that make collagen membranes attractive for use in regenerative therapy will be addressed. In addition, varieties of cross-linking techniques utilized to retard the degradation rate of collagen membranes will be discussed.

  12. Progress towards an effective model for FeSe from high-accuracy first-principles quantum Monte Carlo

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Busemeyer, Brian; Wagner, Lucas K.

    While the origin of superconductivity in the iron-based materials is still controversial, the proximity of the superconductivity to magnetic order is suggestive that magnetism may be important. Our previous work has suggested that first-principles Diffusion Monte Carlo (FN-DMC) can capture magnetic properties of iron-based superconductors that density functional theory (DFT) misses, but which are consistent with experiment. We report on the progress of efforts to find simple effective models consistent with the FN-DMC description of the low-lying Hilbert space of the iron-based superconductor, FeSe. We utilize a procedure outlined by Changlani et al.[1], which both produces parameter values and indications of whether the model is a good description of the first-principles Hamiltonian. Using this procedure, we evaluate several models of the magnetic part of the Hilbert space found in the literature, as well as the Hubbard model, and a spin-fermion model. We discuss which interaction parameters are important for this material, and how the material-specific properties give rise to these interactions. U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program under Award No. FG02-12ER46875, as well as the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program.

  13. 46 CFR 160.132-23 - Procedure for approval of design or material change.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Procedure for approval of design or material change. 160.132-23 Section 160.132-23 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Launching Appliances-Davits § 160.132-23 Procedure for approval of...

  14. 46 CFR 160.132-23 - Procedure for approval of design or material change.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Procedure for approval of design or material change. 160.132-23 Section 160.132-23 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Launching Appliances-Davits § 160.132-23 Procedure for approval of...

  15. 46 CFR 160.176-6 - Procedure for approval of design or material revision.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Procedure for approval of design or material revision. 160.176-6 Section 160.176-6 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Inflatable Lifejackets § 160.176-6 Procedure for approval of design...

  16. 46 CFR 160.135-23 - Procedure for approval of design, material, or construction change.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Procedure for approval of design, material, or construction change. 160.135-23 Section 160.135-23 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Lifeboats § 160.135-23 Procedure for approval of...

  17. 46 CFR 160.077-7 - Procedure for approval of design or material revision.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Procedure for approval of design or material revision. 160.077-7 Section 160.077-7 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Hybrid Inflatable Personal Flotation Devices § 160.077-7 Procedure...

  18. 46 CFR 160.176-6 - Procedure for approval of design or material revision.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Procedure for approval of design or material revision. 160.176-6 Section 160.176-6 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Inflatable Lifejackets § 160.176-6 Procedure for approval of design...

  19. 46 CFR 160.077-7 - Procedure for approval of design or material revision.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Procedure for approval of design or material revision. 160.077-7 Section 160.077-7 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Hybrid Inflatable Personal Flotation Devices § 160.077-7 Procedure...

  20. 46 CFR 160.077-7 - Procedure for approval of design or material revision.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Procedure for approval of design or material revision. 160.077-7 Section 160.077-7 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Hybrid Inflatable Personal Flotation Devices § 160.077-7 Procedure...

  1. 46 CFR 160.176-6 - Procedure for approval of design or material revision.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Procedure for approval of design or material revision. 160.176-6 Section 160.176-6 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Inflatable Lifejackets § 160.176-6 Procedure for approval of design...

  2. 46 CFR 160.115-23 - Procedure for approval of design or material change.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Procedure for approval of design or material change. 160.115-23 Section 160.115-23 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Launching Appliances-Winches § 160.115-23 Procedure for approval of...

  3. 46 CFR 160.115-23 - Procedure for approval of design or material change.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Procedure for approval of design or material change. 160.115-23 Section 160.115-23 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Launching Appliances-Winches § 160.115-23 Procedure for approval of...

  4. 46 CFR 160.135-23 - Procedure for approval of design, material, or construction change.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Procedure for approval of design, material, or construction change. 160.135-23 Section 160.135-23 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Lifeboats (SOLAS) § 160.135-23 Procedure for approva...

  5. Assessing the Readability of Materials for Elementary ESL Pupils.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Baldauf, Richard B., Jr.; Propst, Ivan K., Jr.

    This paper assesses the effectiveness of readability indices, standard cloze procedure, and the matching cloze procedure as determinants of the readability of supplementary English materials for elementary ESL students in a Pacific Island context. A review of readability indices and the standard cloze procedure indicated that neither procedure is…

  6. A heat treatment procedure to produce fine-grained lamellar microstructures in a P/M titanium aluminide alloy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Au, Peter

    A process for fabricating advanced aerospace titanium aluminide alloys starting from metal powders (the hot isostatically consolidated P/M process) is presented in this thesis. This process does not suffer the difficulties of chemical inhomogeneities and coarse grain structure of castings. In addition heat treatments which take advantage of the refined structure of HIP processed materials are developed to achieve microstructure control and subsequent mechanical property control. It is shown that a better "property balance" is possible after the heat treatment of HIP consolidated materials than it is with alternative processing. It is well understood that the standard microstructures (near-gamma, duplex, nearly lamellar, and fully lamellar) do not have the balanced mechanical properties (tensile, yield, creep and fatigue strength, ductility and fracture toughness) necessary for optimal performance in aero engine and automotive applications. In this work a fine-grained fully lamellar (FGFL) microstructure is developed for property control and in particular for achieving a much improved property balance. A heat treatment procedure for this purpose which consists of cyclic processing in the alpha transus temperature region to achieve an FGFL structure with grain sizes in the range of 50 mum to 150 mum is presented. Compared with conventional duplex structured materials, the minimum creep rate is an order of magnitude lower with only a 10% loss in tensile yield strength. Moreover, a three-fold increase in tensile elongation is possible by converting to an FGFL structure with only a 30% loss in minimum creep rate. These are attractive trade-offs when considering the use of these alloys for aerospace purposes. A thorough literature review of the mechanisms of formation of standard microstructures and their deformation under mechanical loading is contained in the thesis. In addition, conventional techniques to produce FGFL microstructures in wrought and cast materials are discussed in detail. Beyond the review, the results of experiments are described for determining the alpha transus temperature, the phase transformation kinetics in this region and the effects of heat treatment time and cooling rate on microstructure. Based on this preliminary work, a heat treatment to achieve a FGFL microstructure with grain sizes in the range of 50 mum to 150 mum is proposed and confirmed. The room temperature and high temperature mechanical properties of these materials are compared with those of conventional duplex and fully lamellar structures. The results of this experimentation are discussed in terms of the fundamental mechanisms for controlling microstructure and mechanical properties in these materials. The potential for applying cyclic heat treatments to cast and wrought materials to improve the mechanical property balance in engineering practice is discussed.

  7. Compliance with the guide for commissioning oral surgery: an audit and discussion.

    PubMed

    Modgill, O; Shah, A

    2017-10-13

    Introduction The Guide for commissioning oral surgery and oral medicine published by NHS England (2015) prescribes the level of complexity of oral surgery and oral medicine investigations and procedures to be carried out within NHS services. These are categorised as Level 1, Level 2, Level 3A and Level 3B. An audit was designed to ascertain the level of oral surgery procedures performed by clinicians of varying experience and qualification working in a large oral surgery department within a major teaching hospital.Materials and methods Two audit cycles were conducted on retrospective case notes and radiographic review of 100 patient records undergoing dental extractions within the Department of Oral Surgery at King's College Dental Hospital. The set gold standard was: '100% of Level 1 procedures should be performed by dental undergraduates or discharged back to the referring general dental practitioner'. Data were collected and analysed on a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. The results of the first audit cycle were presented to all clinicians within the department in a formal meeting, recommendations were made and an action plan implemented prior to undertaking a second cycle.Results The first cycle revealed that 25% of Level 1 procedures met the set gold standard, with Level 2 practitioners performing the majority of Level 1 and Level 2 procedures. The second cycle showed a marked improvement, with 66% of Level 1 procedures meeting the set gold standard.Conclusion Our audit demonstrates that whilst we were able to achieve an improvement with the set gold standard, several barriers still remain to ensure that patients are treated by the appropriate level of clinician in a secondary care setting. We have used this audit as a foundation upon which to discuss the challenges faced in implementation of the commissioning framework within both primary and secondary dental care and strategies to overcome these challenges, which are likely to be encountered in any NHS care setting in which oral surgery procedures are performed.

  8. Survival Learning Materials.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wilson, Robert M.; Barnes, Marcia M.

    This booklet is designed to provide some starter ideas for teachers to use in developing their own packet of learning materials. The procedures suggested and the examples included are literally starters. "Introduction to Survival Learning Materials" presents some procedures to help teachers get started in developing materials. "Following…

  9. Inverse problems in complex material design: Applications to non-crystalline solids

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Biswas, Parthapratim; Drabold, David; Elliott, Stephen

    The design of complex amorphous materials is one of the fundamental problems in disordered condensed-matter science. While impressive developments of ab-initio simulation methods during the past several decades have brought tremendous success in understanding materials property from micro- to mesoscopic length scales, a major drawback is that they fail to incorporate existing knowledge of the materials in simulation methodologies. Since an essential feature of materials design is the synergy between experiment and theory, a properly developed approach to design materials should be able to exploit all available knowledge of the materials from measured experimental data. In this talk, we will address the design of complex disordered materials as an inverse problem involving experimental data and available empirical information. We show that the problem can be posed as a multi-objective non-convex optimization program, which can be addressed using a number of recently-developed bio-inspired global optimization techniques. In particular, we will discuss how a population-based stochastic search procedure can be used to determine the structure of non-crystalline solids (e.g. a-SiH, a-SiO2, amorphous graphene, and Fe and Ni clusters). The work is partially supported by NSF under Grant Nos. DMR 1507166 and 1507670.

  10. QA procedures and emissions from nonstandard sources in AQUIS, a PC-based emission inventory and air permit manager

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Smith, A.E.; Tschanz, J.; Monarch, M.

    1996-05-01

    The Air Quality Utility Information System (AQUIS) is a database management system that operates under dBASE IV. It runs on an IBM-compatible personal computer (PC) with MS DOS 5.0 or later, 4 megabytes of memory, and 30 megabytes of disk space. AQUIS calculates emissions for both traditional and toxic pollutants and reports emissions in user-defined formats. The system was originally designed for use at 7 facilities of the Air Force Materiel Command, and now more than 50 facilities use it. Within the last two years, the system has been used in support of Title V permit applications at Department ofmore » Defense facilities. Growth in the user community, changes and additions to reference emission factor data, and changing regulatory requirements have demanded additions and enhancements to the system. These changes have ranged from adding or updating an emission factor to restructuring databases and adding new capabilities. Quality assurance (QA) procedures have been developed to ensure that emission calculations are correct even when databases are reconfigured and major changes in calculation procedures are implemented. This paper describes these QA and updating procedures. Some user facilities include light industrial operations associated with aircraft maintenance. These facilities have operations such as fiberglass and composite layup and plating operations for which standard emission factors are not available or are inadequate. In addition, generally applied procedures such as material balances may need special treatment to work in an automated environment, for example, in the use of oils and greases and when materials such as polyurethane paints react chemically during application. Some techniques used in these situations are highlighted here. To provide a framework for the main discussions, this paper begins with a description of AQUIS.« less

  11. Practical applications of the diode in dental practice

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Moldoveanu, Lucia E.; Odor, Alin A.

    2016-03-01

    Introduction: The use of lasers has become a practice in modern periodontology and it is a fact that the use of diodes in the dental office can bring a real benefit in periodontal surgery. Material and method: These case reports describe few of various soft tissue procedures that were performed with diode laser 940 nm (Epic 10, Biolase Inc., USA). Discussions: There are a few immediate benefits of the intervention: the "periodontal bandage" belongs to the patient, the procedure is painless, performed under a superficial anesthesia and the psychological impact on the patient, as well as the acceptance, are superior to conventional methods of dentistry. Conclusions: Diode lasers at the level of periodontium have become a significant part of the dentistry, reducing the patient's stress and giving satisfaction to practitioners as well.

  12. Measuring water potential (activity) from free water to oven dryness.

    PubMed

    Wiebe, H H

    1981-12-01

    Water activities (potentials) in plant materials were measured over the range from free water to oven dryness with a Spanner thermocouple psychrometer. In a two-step procedure, water was first condensed on the thermocouple junction for several minutes. The sample was then inserted under the wet thermocouple and the maximum psychrometric cooling was measured in about 10 seconds. Calibration was with saturated salt slurries of known water activities. Psychrometric cooling was a nearly linear function of the water activity and of the negative log of the water potential. The psychrometric cooling to water activity relationship agreed with wetbulb temperature depression to relative humidity relationships given in tables. Water activities of wheat grains and leaves decreased sharply in a curvilinear fashion as their water contents decreased. Some problems of the procedure are discussed.

  13. Knowledge-Based Manufacturing and Structural Design for a High Speed Civil Transport

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Marx, William J.; Mavris, Dimitri N.; Schrage, Daniel P.

    1994-01-01

    The aerospace industry is currently addressing the problem of integrating manufacturing and design. To address the difficulties associated with using many conventional procedural techniques and algorithms, one feasible way to integrate the two concepts is with the development of an appropriate Knowledge-Based System (KBS). The authors present their reasons for selecting a KBS to integrate design and manufacturing. A methodology for an aircraft producibility assessment is proposed, utilizing a KBS for manufacturing process selection, that addresses both procedural and heuristic aspects of designing and manufacturing of a High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) wing. A cost model is discussed that would allow system level trades utilizing information describing the material characteristics as well as the manufacturing process selections. Statements of future work conclude the paper.

  14. Lunar cement and lunar concrete

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lin, T. D.

    1991-01-01

    Results of a study to investigate methods of producing cements from lunar materials are presented. A chemical process and a differential volatilization process to enrich lime content in selected lunar materials were identified. One new cement made from lime and anorthite developed compressive strengths of 39 Mpa (5500 psi) for 1 inch paste cubes. The second, a hypothetical composition based on differential volatilization of basalt, formed a mineral glass which was activated with an alkaline additive. The 1 inch paste cubes, cured at 100C and 100 percent humidity, developed compressive strengths in excess of 49 Mpa (7100 psi). Also discussed are tests made with Apollo 16 lunar soil and an ongoing investigation of a proposed dry mix/steam injection procedure for casting concrete on the Moon.

  15. Treatment planning and smile design using composite resin.

    PubMed

    Marus, Robert

    2006-05-01

    Recent advances in dental materials and adhesive protocols have expanded the restorative procedures available to today's clinicians. Used in combination with proper treatment planning, these innovations enable dental professionals to provide enhanced aesthetic care that achieves the increasing expectations of their patients. Using a case presentation, this article will document the steps required to harmoniously integrate smile design, material selection, and patient communication that are involved in the provisional of aesthetic dental care. This article discusses the utilization of composite resin as a tool to enhance the patient's smile. Upon reading this article, the reader should: Become familiar with a smile-enhancing technique which can be completed in one office visit. Realize the benefits that intraoral composite mockups offer in terms of prototyping and confirming patient satisfaction.

  16. Fundamentals and applications of solar energy. Part 2

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Faraq, I. H.; Melsheimer, S. S.

    Applications of techniques of chemical engineering to the development of materials, production methods, and performance optimization and evaluation of solar energy systems are discussed. Solar thermal storage systems using phase change materials, liquid phase Diels-Alder reactions, aquifers, and hydrocarbon oil were examined. Solar electric systems were explored in terms of a chlorophyll solar cell, the nonequilibrium electric field effects developed at photoelectrode/electrolyte interfaces, and designs for commercial scale processing of solar cells using continuous thin-film coating production methods. Solar coal gasification processes were considered, along with multilayer absorber coatings for solar concentrator receivers, solar thermal industrial applications, the kinetics of anaerobic digestion of crop residues to produce methane, and a procedure for developing a computer simulation of a solar cooling system.

  17. Numerical Simulation of Delamination Growth in Composite Materials

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Camanho, P. P.; Davila, C. G.; Ambur, D. R.

    2001-01-01

    The use of decohesion elements for the simulation of delamination in composite materials is reviewed. The test methods available to measure the interfacial fracture toughness used in the formulation of decohesion elements are described initially. After a brief presentation of the virtual crack closure technique, the technique most widely used to simulate delamination growth, the formulation of interfacial decohesion elements is described. Problems related with decohesion element constitutive equations, mixed-mode crack growth, element numerical integration and solution procedures are discussed. Based on these investigations, it is concluded that the use of interfacial decohesion elements is a promising technique that avoids the need for a pre-existing crack and pre-defined crack paths, and that these elements can be used to simulate both delamination onset and growth.

  18. A computer program for predicting nonlinear uniaxial material responses using viscoplastic models

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Chang, T. Y.; Thompson, R. L.

    1984-01-01

    A computer program was developed for predicting nonlinear uniaxial material responses using viscoplastic constitutive models. Four specific models, i.e., those due to Miller, Walker, Krieg-Swearengen-Rhode, and Robinson, are included. Any other unified model is easily implemented into the program in the form of subroutines. Analysis features include stress-strain cycling, creep response, stress relaxation, thermomechanical fatigue loop, or any combination of these responses. An outline is given on the theoretical background of uniaxial constitutive models, analysis procedure, and numerical integration methods for solving the nonlinear constitutive equations. In addition, a discussion on the computer program implementation is also given. Finally, seven numerical examples are included to demonstrate the versatility of the computer program developed.

  19. Ion beam-based studies for tribological phenomena

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Racolta, P. M.; Popa-Simil, L.; Alexandreanu, B.

    1996-06-01

    Custom-designed experiments based on the Thin Layer Activation technique (TLA) were completed, providing information on the wear level of some engine components with additional data on transfer and adhesion of material between metallic friction couples using the RBS method. RBS experimental results concerning material transfer for a steel-brass friction couple are presented and discussed in the paper. Also, the types and concentrations of the wear products in used lubricant oils were determined by in-air PIXE. A sequential lubricant filtering-based procedure for determining the dimension distribution of the resulting radioactive wear particles by low level γ-spectrometry is presented. Experimental XRF spectra showing the non-homogeneous distribution of the retained waste particles on the filtering paper are shown.

  20. Silicon ribbon growth by a capillary action shaping technique

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Schwuttke, G. H.; Schwuttke, G. H.; Ciszek, T. F.; Kran, A.

    1977-01-01

    Substantial improvements in ribbon surface quality are achieved with a higher melt meniscus than that attainable with the film-fed (EFG) growth technique. A capillary action shaping method is described in which meniscus shaping for the desired ribbon geometry occurs at the vertex of a wettable die. As ribbon growth depletes the melt meniscus, capillary action supplies replacement material. Topics discussed cover experimental apparatus and growth procedures; die materials investigations, fabrication and evaluation; process development for 25 mm, 38 mm, 50 mm and 100 mm silicon ribbons; and long grain direct solidification of silicon. Methods for the structural and electrical characterization of cast silicon ribbons are assessed as well as silicon ribbon technology for the 1978 to 1986 period.

  1. Marketing your dental practice using microsoft powerpoint.

    PubMed

    Kotlow, L A

    2001-12-01

    Educating the parents of my patients about the techniques and specialized care pediatric dentists provide has always been a challenge. When I began my dental practice in 1974, the materials and audiovisual programs that were available for parental and patient education were of poor quality and often did not reflect my office philosophy. The multimedia material for pediatric dentistry was limited in scope and of little value in conveying to the parents and patients pediatric restorative procedures, causes of dental disease, caries prevention and patient management. Effective communication to the public can be divided into two areas: in-office marketing; and outside advertising. The primary focus of this discussion will be on in-house marketing of your dental practice using Microsoft PowerPoint.

  2. On the uniqueness of measuring elastoplastic properties from indentation: The indistinguishable mystical materials

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chen, Xi; Ogasawara, Nagahisa; Zhao, Manhong; Chiba, Norimasa

    2007-08-01

    Indentation is widely used to extract material elastoplastic properties from the measured force-displacement curves. One of the most well-established indentation techniques utilizes dual (or plural) sharp indenters (which have different apex angles) to deduce key parameters such as the elastic modulus, yield stress, and work-hardening exponent for materials that obey the power-law constitutive relationship. However, the uniqueness of such analysis is not yet systematically studied or challenged. Here we show the existence of "mystical materials", which have distinct elastoplastic properties yet they yield almost identical indentation behaviors, even when the indenter angle is varied in a large range. These mystical materials are, therefore, indistinguishable by many existing indentation analyses unless extreme (and often impractical) indenter angles are used. Explicit procedures of deriving these mystical materials are established, and the general characteristics of the mystical materials are discussed. In many cases, for a given indenter angle range, a material would have infinite numbers of mystical siblings, and the existence maps of the mystical materials are also obtained. Furthermore, we propose two alternative techniques to effectively distinguish these mystical materials. The study in this paper addresses the important question of the uniqueness of indentation test, as well as providing useful guidelines to properly use the indentation technique to measure material elastoplastic properties.

  3. The production of antibacterial tubing, sutures, and bandages by in situ precipitation of metallic salts.

    PubMed

    Farrah, S R; Erdos, G W

    1991-06-01

    Two procedures were used to modify gauze bandages, polyester sutures, silicone tubing, and polyvinyl chloride tubing. In one procedure, the materials were first modified by in situ precipitation of metallic hydroxides and then used to adsorb silver ions. In the second procedure, the materials were soaked in sodium pyrophosphate or sodium chloride, dried, and then soaked in silver nitrate. These procedures produced materials with silver deposited on the surface of the tubing and sutures and both on the surface and within the gauze fibers. The modified materials inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro.

  4. A common ground in clinical discussion groups: Intersubjective resonance and implicit operational theories.

    PubMed

    Bernardi, Ricardo

    2017-10-01

    Clinical discussion groups based on the Three-Level Model for Observing Patient Transformations (3-LM) enable us to reflect on the clinical common ground shared by psychoanalysts who have different theoretical frameworks. The very existence of this common ground is controversial. While analysts such as Wallerstein support it, others, like Green, think it is just a myth. In their 2005 controversy Wallerstein and Green proposed an observation procedure that might clarify this matter. This procedure bears great similarity to the one used by clinical discussion groups that apply the 3-LM. The study of numerous theoretically heterogeneous groups that use this model shows that communication is possible in crucial areas. We may thus conclude that a partial and dynamic common ground exists. At a phenomenological level, certain fragments of material produce a shared resonance that enriches clinical understanding for the whole group. Communication is also possible with regard to the conceptualization of patient changes, although some controversial issues persist at this level. Finally, at the level of theoretical explanations, divergences concerning abstract theories do not prevent a fertile interaction among 'in vivo' personal implicit theories. The latter give rise to the actual operational frameworks underlying participants' approach to clinical problems. Copyright © 2017 Institute of Psychoanalysis.

  5. Effective Use of Pause Procedure to Enhance Student Engagement and Learning

    PubMed Central

    Thaman, Richa Ghay

    2014-01-01

    Introduction: Active learning strategies have been documented to enhance learning. We created an active learning environment in neuromuscular physiology lectures for first year medical students by using ‘Pause Procedure’. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty medical students class is divided into two Groups (Group A and Group B) and taught in different classes. Each lecture of group A (experimental Group) undergraduate first year medical students was divided into short presentations of 12-15 min each. Each presentation was followed by a pause of 2-3min, three times in a 50 min lecture. During the pauses students worked in pairs to discuss and rework their notes. Any queries were directed towards the teacher and discussed forthwith. At the end of each lecture students were given 2-3 minutes to write down the key points they remembered about the lecture (free-recall). Fifteen days after completion of the lectures a 30 item MCQ test was administered to measure long term recall. Group B (control Group) received the same lectures without the use of pause procedure and was similarly tested. Results: Experimental Group students did significantly better on the MCQ test (p-value<0.05) in comparison to the control Group. Most of the students (83.6%) agreed that the ‘pause procedure’ helped them to enhance lecture recall. Conclusion: Pause procedure is a good active learning strategy which helps students review their notes, reflect on them, discuss and explain the key ideas with their partners. Moreover, it requires only 6-7 min of the classroom time and can significantly enhance student learning. PMID:25302251

  6. Displacement imprinted polymer receptor analysis (DIPRA) for chlorophenolic contaminants in drinking water and packaging materials.

    PubMed

    Nicholls, C; Karim, K; Piletsky, S; Saini, S; Setford, S

    2006-01-15

    The preparation of a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for pentachlorophenol is described together with two alternative reporter derivatives for use in a displacement imprinted polymer receptor analysis (DIPRA) format procedure. In this procedure, alternative reporter molecules were rebound to the synthetic receptor sites and their displacement by the target analyte was employed as the basis of a simple procedure for the measurement of chlorophenols in water and packaging material samples. Water samples were extracted using the standard procedure (EPA 528) and a detection limit of 0.5 microg l(-1) was achieved using the DIPRA detection method, with good agreement between the displacement technique and GC-ECD analysis. A variety of packaging materials, extracted using a buffered detergent solution were also analysed using the DIPRA procedure and showed good agreement with GC results. In addition, investigation of the cross-reactivity of a range of pesticides and materials commonly encountered in environmental analysis indicated the procedure gave good discrimination between pesticides bearing a chlorophenolic moiety and other materials. The procedure is considered highly suitable for use as a rapid field-test method or for incorporation into a test kit device.

  7. On the Prediction of Solar Cell Degradation in Space

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bourgoin, J. C.; Boizot, B.; Khirouni, K.; Khorenko, V.

    2014-08-01

    We discuss the validity of the procedure which is used to predict End Of Life performances of a solar cell in space. This procedure consists to measure the performances of the cell after it has been irradiated at the EOL fluence during a time ti very short compared to the duration tm of the mission in space, i.e. with a considerably larger flux. We show that this procedure is valid only when the defects created by the irradiation do not anneal (thermally or by carrier injection) with a time constant shorter than tm or larger than ti. This can be a common situation since annealing of irradiation induced defects occurs in all type of cells, at least in specific conditions (temperature, intensity of illumination, flux and nature of irradiating particles). Using modeling, we illustrate the effect of injection or thermal annealing on EOL prediction in the case GaInP, material at the heart of modern high efficiency space solar cells.

  8. Neural Interfaces for Intracortical Recording: Requirements, Fabrication Methods, and Characteristics

    PubMed Central

    Szostak, Katarzyna M.; Grand, Laszlo; Constandinou, Timothy G.

    2017-01-01

    Implantable neural interfaces for central nervous system research have been designed with wire, polymer, or micromachining technologies over the past 70 years. Research on biocompatible materials, ideal probe shapes, and insertion methods has resulted in building more and more capable neural interfaces. Although the trend is promising, the long-term reliability of such devices has not yet met the required criteria for chronic human application. The performance of neural interfaces in chronic settings often degrades due to foreign body response to the implant that is initiated by the surgical procedure, and related to the probe structure, and material properties used in fabricating the neural interface. In this review, we identify the key requirements for neural interfaces for intracortical recording, describe the three different types of probes—microwire, micromachined, and polymer-based probes; their materials, fabrication methods, and discuss their characteristics and related challenges. PMID:29270103

  9. Nanoscience and Nanotechnology: From Energy Applications to Advanced Medical Therapies

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Tijana Rajh

    2009-10-14

    Dr. Rajh will present a general talk on nanotechnology – an overview of why nanotechnology is important and how it is useful in various fields. The specific focus will be on Solar energy conversion, environmental applications and advanced medical therapies. She has broad expertise in synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials that are used in nanotechnology including novel hybrid systems connecting semiconductors to biological molecules like DNA and antibodies. This technology could lead to new gene therapy procedures, cancer treatments and other medical applications. She will also discuss technologies made possible by organizing small semiconductor particles called quantum dots, materials thatmore » exhibit a rich variety of phenomena that are size and shape dependent. Development of these new materials that harnesses the unique properties of materials at the 1-100 nanometer scale resulted in the new field of nanotechnology that currently affects many applications in technological and medical fields.« less

  10. Third-generation pure alumina and alumina matrix composites in total hip arthroplasty

    PubMed Central

    Hannouche, Didier; Zingg, Matthieu; Miozzari, Hermes; Nizard, Remy; Lübbeke, Anne

    2018-01-01

    Wear, corrosion and periprosthetic osteolysis are important causes of failure in joint arthroplasty, especially in young patients. Ceramic bearings, developed 40 years ago, are an increasingly popular choice in hip arthroplasty. New manufacturing procedures have increased the strength and reliability of ceramic materials and reduced the risk of complications. In recent decades, ceramics made of pure alumina have continuously improved, resulting in a surgical-grade material that fulfills clinical requirements. Despite the track record of safety and long-term results, third-generation pure alumina ceramics are being replaced in clinical practice by alumina matrix composites, which are composed of alumina and zirconium. In this review, the characteristics of both materials are discussed, and the long-term results with third-generation alumina-on-alumina bearings and the associated complications are compared with those of other available ceramics. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3:7-14. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.170034 PMID:29657840

  11. Neural Interfaces for Intracortical Recording: Requirements, Fabrication Methods, and Characteristics.

    PubMed

    Szostak, Katarzyna M; Grand, Laszlo; Constandinou, Timothy G

    2017-01-01

    Implantable neural interfaces for central nervous system research have been designed with wire, polymer, or micromachining technologies over the past 70 years. Research on biocompatible materials, ideal probe shapes, and insertion methods has resulted in building more and more capable neural interfaces. Although the trend is promising, the long-term reliability of such devices has not yet met the required criteria for chronic human application. The performance of neural interfaces in chronic settings often degrades due to foreign body response to the implant that is initiated by the surgical procedure, and related to the probe structure, and material properties used in fabricating the neural interface. In this review, we identify the key requirements for neural interfaces for intracortical recording, describe the three different types of probes-microwire, micromachined, and polymer-based probes; their materials, fabrication methods, and discuss their characteristics and related challenges.

  12. Nanoscience and Nanotechnology: From Energy Applications to Advanced Medical Therapies

    ScienceCinema

    Tijana Rajh

    2017-12-09

    Dr. Rajh will present a general talk on nanotechnology – an overview of why nanotechnology is important and how it is useful in various fields. The specific focus will be on Solar energy conversion, environmental applications and advanced medical therapies. She has broad expertise in synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials that are used in nanotechnology including novel hybrid systems connecting semiconductors to biological molecules like DNA and antibodies. This technology could lead to new gene therapy procedures, cancer treatments and other medical applications. She will also discuss technologies made possible by organizing small semiconductor particles called quantum dots, materials that exhibit a rich variety of phenomena that are size and shape dependent. Development of these new materials that harnesses the unique properties of materials at the 1-100 nanometer scale resulted in the new field of nanotechnology that currently affects many applications in technological and medical fields.

  13. Mechanical Designs for Inorganic Stretchable Circuits in Soft Electronics.

    PubMed

    Wang, Shuodao; Huang, Yonggang; Rogers, John A

    2015-09-01

    Mechanical concepts and designs in inorganic circuits for different levels of stretchability are reviewed in this paper, through discussions of the underlying mechanics and material theories, fabrication procedures for the constituent microscale/nanoscale devices, and experimental characterization. All of the designs reported here adopt heterogeneous structures of rigid and brittle inorganic materials on soft and elastic elastomeric substrates, with mechanical design layouts that isolate large deformations to the elastomer, thereby avoiding potentially destructive plastic strains in the brittle materials. The overall stiffnesses of the electronics, their stretchability, and curvilinear shapes can be designed to match the mechanical properties of biological tissues. The result is a class of soft stretchable electronic systems that are compatible with traditional high-performance inorganic semiconductor technologies. These systems afford promising options for applications in portable biomedical and health-monitoring devices. Mechanics theories and modeling play a key role in understanding the underlining physics and optimization of these systems.

  14. Mechanical Designs for Inorganic Stretchable Circuits in Soft Electronics

    PubMed Central

    Wang, Shuodao; Huang, Yonggang; Rogers, John A.

    2016-01-01

    Mechanical concepts and designs in inorganic circuits for different levels of stretchability are reviewed in this paper, through discussions of the underlying mechanics and material theories, fabrication procedures for the constituent microscale/nanoscale devices, and experimental characterization. All of the designs reported here adopt heterogeneous structures of rigid and brittle inorganic materials on soft and elastic elastomeric substrates, with mechanical design layouts that isolate large deformations to the elastomer, thereby avoiding potentially destructive plastic strains in the brittle materials. The overall stiffnesses of the electronics, their stretchability, and curvilinear shapes can be designed to match the mechanical properties of biological tissues. The result is a class of soft stretchable electronic systems that are compatible with traditional high-performance inorganic semiconductor technologies. These systems afford promising options for applications in portable biomedical and health-monitoring devices. Mechanics theories and modeling play a key role in understanding the underlining physics and optimization of these systems. PMID:27668126

  15. Basic science in a predoctoral family practice curriculum.

    PubMed

    Davies, T C; Barnett, B L

    1978-02-01

    A course in applied basic science was designed with topic material organized according to anatomic body regions. Details of the diagnostic method were explained early in the course, and clinical procedures for data gathering and problem analyzing were followed while the significance of basic science knowledge in dealing with clinical situations was described. A collection of 35mm slides constituted the focal point of the course. The authors conducted the course together and an atmosphere of intellectual honesty was developed through open discussion between faculty and students. Student curiosity was respected and rewarded. Summaries of the discussions were prepared retrospectively by the faculty instructors for review gy the students. This experience proved that family physicians can demonstrate effectively the relevance of basic science to clinical medicine.

  16. Techniques for using diazo materials in remote sensor data analysis

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Whitebay, L. E.; Mount, S.

    1978-01-01

    The use of data derived from LANDSAT is facilitated when special products or computer enhanced images can be analyzed. However, the facilities required to produce and analyze such products prevent many users from taking full advantages of the LANDSAT data. A simple, low-cost method is presented by which users can make their own specially enhanced composite images from the four band black and white LANDSAT images by using the diazo process. The diazo process is described and a detailed procedure for making various color composites, such as color infrared, false natural color, and false color, is provided. The advantages and limitations of the diazo process are discussed. A brief discussion interpretation of diazo composites for land use mapping with some typical examples is included.

  17. Computer enhancement of ESR spectra of magnetite nanoparticles

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dobosz, B.; Krzyminiewski, R.; Koralewski, M.; Hałupka-Bryl, M.

    2016-06-01

    We present ESR measurements of non-interacting magnetic nanoparticle systems. Temperature and orientational dependence of ESR spectra were measured for Fe3O4 nanoparticle coated by dextran or oleic acid, frozen in different magnetic field. Several parameters describing magnetic properties such as g-factor, line width, the anisotropy constant were calculated and discussed. The ESR spectra of investigated nanoparticles were also subjected to Computer Resolution Enhancement Method (CREM). This procedure allows to separate a narrow line on the background of the broad line, which presence in this type of materials was recognized in the recent literature and have been further discussed in the paper. CREM is a valuable tool for monitoring of changes on the surface of magnetic core of nanoparticles.

  18. EXAFS: New tool for study of battery and fuel cell materials

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mcbreen, James; Ogrady, William E.; Pandya, Kaumudi I.

    1987-01-01

    Extended X ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) is a powerful technique for probing the local atomic structure of battery and fuel cell materials. The major advantages of EXAFS are that both the probe and the signal are X rays and the technique is element selective and applicable to all states of matter. This permits in situ studies of electrodes and determination of the structure of single components in composite electrodes, or even complete cells. EXAFS specifically probes short range order and yields coordination numbers, bond distances, and chemical identity of nearest neighbors. Thus, it is ideal for structural studies of ions in solution and the poorly crystallized materials that are often the active materials or catalysts in batteries and fuel cells. Studies on typical battery and fuel cell components are used to describe the technique and the capability of EXAFS as a structural tool in these applications. Typical experimental and data analysis procedures are outlined. The advantages and limitations of the technique are also briefly discussed.

  19. Operational Considerations for Oxygen Flammability Risks: Concentrated Oxygen Diffusion and Permeation Behaviors

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Harper, Susana; Smith, Sarah; Juarez, Alfredo; Hirsch, David

    2010-01-01

    Increased human spaceflight operations utilize oxygen concentrations that are frequently varied with use of concentrations up to 100 percent oxygen. Even after exiting a higher percentage oxygen environment, high oxygen concentrations can still be maintained due to material saturation and oxygen entrapment between barrier materials. This paper examines the material flammability concerns that arise from changing oxygen environments during spaceflight operations. We examine the time required for common spacecraft and spacesuit materials exposed to oxygen to return to reduced ignitability and flammability once removed from the increased concentration. Various common spacecraft materials were considered: spacecraft cabin environment foams, Extra Vehicular Mobility Unit materials and foams, Advanced Crew Escape Suit materials, and other materials of interest such as Cotton, Nomex^ HT90-40, and Tiburon Surgical Drape. This paper presents calculated diffusion coefficients derived from experimentally obtained oxygen transmission rates for the tested materials and the analytically derived times necessary for reduced flammability to be achieved based on NASA flammability criteria. Oxygen material saturation and entrapment scenarios are examined. Experimental verification data on oxygen diffusion in saturation scenarios are also presented and discussed. We examine how to use obtained data to address flammability concerns during operational planning to reduce the likelihood of fires while improving efficiency for procedures.

  20. Biomimetic Scaffolds for Regeneration of Volumetric Muscle Loss in Skeletal Muscle Injuries

    PubMed Central

    Grasman, Jonathan M.; Zayas, Michelle J.; Page, Ray; Pins, George D.

    2015-01-01

    Skeletal muscle injuries typically result from traumatic incidents such as combat injuries where soft-tissue extremity injuries are present in one of four cases. Further, about 4.5 million reconstructive surgical procedures are performed annually as a result of car accidents, cancer ablation, or cosmetic procedures. These combat- and trauma-induced skeletal muscle injuries are characterized by volumetric muscle loss (VML), which significantly reduces the functionality of the injured muscle. While skeletal muscle has an innate repair mechanism, it is unable to compensate for VML injuries because large amounts of tissue including connective tissue and basement membrane are removed or destroyed. This results in in a significant need to develop off-the-shelf biomimetic scaffolds to direct skeletal muscle regeneration. Here, the structure and organization of native skeletal muscle tissue is described in order to reveal clear design parameters that are necessary for scaffolds to mimic in order to successfully regenerate muscular tissue. We review the literature with respect to the materials and methodologies used to develop scaffolds for skeletal muscle tissue regeneration as well as the limitations of these materials. We further discuss the variety of cell sources and different injury models to provide some context for the multiple approaches used to evaluate these scaffold materials. Recent findings are highlighted to address the state of the field and directions are outlined for future strategies, both in scaffold design and in the use of different injury models to evaluate these materials, for regenerating functional skeletal muscle. PMID:26219862

  1. 46 CFR 197.206 - Substitutes for required equipment, materials, apparatus, arrangements, procedures, or tests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Substitutes for required equipment, materials, apparatus... Operations General § 197.206 Substitutes for required equipment, materials, apparatus, arrangements, procedures, or tests. (a) The Coast Guard may accept substitutes for equipment, materials, apparatus...

  2. 46 CFR 197.206 - Substitutes for required equipment, materials, apparatus, arrangements, procedures, or tests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Substitutes for required equipment, materials, apparatus... Operations General § 197.206 Substitutes for required equipment, materials, apparatus, arrangements, procedures, or tests. (a) The Coast Guard may accept substitutes for equipment, materials, apparatus...

  3. Simplified method to solve sound transmission through structures lined with elastic porous material.

    PubMed

    Lee, J H; Kim, J

    2001-11-01

    An approximate analysis method is developed to calculate sound transmission through structures lined with porous material. Because the porous material has both the solid phase and fluid phase, three wave components exist in the material, which makes the related analysis very complicated. The main idea in developing the approximate method is very simple: modeling the porous material using only the strongest of the three waves, which in effect idealizes the material as an equivalent fluid. The analysis procedure has to be conducted in two steps. In the first step, sound transmission through a flat double panel with a porous liner of infinite extents, which has the same cross sectional construction as the actual structure, is solved based on the full theory and the strongest wave component is identified. In the second step sound transmission through the actual structure is solved modeling the porous material as an equivalent fluid while using the actual geometry of the structure. The development and validation of the method are discussed in detail. As an application example, the transmission loss through double walled cylindrical shells with a porous core is calculated utilizing the simplified method.

  4. Analytical procedure for the determination of Ethyl Lauroyl Arginate (LAE) to assess the kinetics and specific migration from a new antimicrobial active food packaging.

    PubMed

    Pezo, Davinson; Navascués, Beatriz; Salafranca, Jesús; Nerín, Cristina

    2012-10-01

    Ethyl Lauroyl Arginate (LAE) is a cationic tensoactive compound, soluble in water, with a wide activity spectrum against moulds and bacteria. LAE has been incorporated as antimicrobial agent into packaging materials for food contact and these materials require to comply with the specific migration criteria. In this paper, one analytical procedure has been developed and optimized for the analysis of LAE in food simulants after the migrations tests. It consists of the formation of an ionic pair between LAE and the inorganic complex Co(SCN)(4)(2-) in aqueous solution, followed by a liquid-liquid extraction in a suitable organic solvent and further UV-Vis absorbance measurement. In order to evaluate possible interferences, the ionic pair has been also analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with UV-Vis detection. Both procedures provided similar analytical characteristics, with linear ranges from 1.10 to 25.00 mg kg(-1), linearity higher than 0.9886, limits of detection and quantification of 0.33 and 1.10 mg kg(-1), respectively, accuracy better than 1% as relative error and precision better than 3.6% expressed as RSD. Optimization of analytical techniques, thermal and chemical stability of LAE, as well as migration kinetics of LAE from experimental active packaging are reported and discussed. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  5. Quantitative characterization of material surface — Application to Ni + Mo electrolytic composite coatings

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kubisztal, J., E-mail: julian.kubisztal@us.edu.pl

    A new approach to numerical analysis of maps of material surface has been proposed and discussed in detail. It was concluded that the roughness factor RF and the root mean square roughness S{sub q} show a saturation effect with increasing size of the analysed maps what allows determining the optimal map dimension representative of the examined material. A quantitative method of determining predominant direction of the surface texture based on the power spectral density function is also proposed and discussed. The elaborated method was applied in surface analysis of Ni + Mo composite coatings. It was shown that co-deposition ofmore » molybdenum particles in nickel matrix leads to an increase in surface roughness. In addition, a decrease in size of the embedded Mo particles in Ni matrix causes an increase of both the surface roughness and the surface texture. It was also stated that the relation between the roughness factor and the double layer capacitance C{sub dl} of the studied coatings is linear and allows determining the double layer capacitance of the smooth nickel electrode. - Highlights: •Optimization of the procedure for the scanning of the material surface •Quantitative determination of the surface roughness and texture intensity •Proposition of the parameter describing privileged direction of the surface texture •Determination of the double layer capacitance of the smooth electrode.« less

  6. Conjugated polymers/semiconductor nanocrystals hybrid materials--preparation, electrical transport properties and applications.

    PubMed

    Reiss, Peter; Couderc, Elsa; De Girolamo, Julia; Pron, Adam

    2011-02-01

    This critical review discusses specific preparation and characterization methods applied to hybrid materials consisting of π-conjugated polymers (or oligomers) and semiconductor nanocrystals. These materials are of great importance in the quickly growing field of hybrid organic/inorganic electronics since they can serve as active components of photovoltaic cells, light emitting diodes, photodetectors and other devices. The electronic energy levels of the organic and inorganic components of the hybrid can be tuned individually and thin hybrid films can be processed using low cost solution based techniques. However, the interface between the hybrid components and the morphology of the hybrid directly influences the generation, separation and transport of charge carriers and those parameters are not easy to control. Therefore a large variety of different approaches for assembling the building blocks--conjugated polymers and semiconductor nanocrystals--has been developed. They range from their simple blending through various grafting procedures to methods exploiting specific non-covalent interactions between both components, induced by their tailor-made functionalization. In the first part of this review, we discuss the preparation of the building blocks (nanocrystals and polymers) and the strategies for their assembly into hybrid materials' thin films. In the second part, we focus on the charge carriers' generation and their transport within the hybrids. Finally, we summarize the performances of solar cells using conjugated polymer/semiconductor nanocrystals hybrids and give perspectives for future developments.

  7. Validation of reference materials for uranium radiochronometry in the frame of nuclear forensic investigations

    DOE PAGES

    Varga, Z.; Mayer, K.; Bonamici, C. E.; ...

    2015-05-11

    The results of a joint effort by expert nuclear forensic laboratories in the area of age dating of uranium, i.e. the elapsed time since the last chemical purification of the material are presented and discussed. Completely separated uranium materials of known production date were distributed among the laboratories, and the samples were dated according to routine laboratory procedures by the measurement of the ²²⁰Th/²³⁴U ratio. The measurement results were in good agreement with the known production date showing that the concept for preparing uranium age dating reference material based on complete separation is valid. Detailed knowledge of the laboratory proceduresmore » used for uranium age dating allows the identification of possible improvements in the current protocols and the development of improved practice in the future. The availability of age dating reference materials as well as the evolvement of the age dating best-practice protocol will increase the relevance and applicability of age dating as part of the tool-kit available for nuclear forensic investigations.« less

  8. Effect of manmade pixels on the inherent dimension of natural material distributions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Schlamm, Ariel; Messinger, David; Basener, William

    2009-05-01

    The inherent dimension of hyperspectral data may be a useful metric for discriminating between the presence of manmade and natural materials in a scene without reliance on spectral signatures take from libraries. Previously, a simple geometric method for approximating the inherent dimension was introduced along with results from application to single material clusters. This method uses an estimate of the slope from a graph based on the point density estimation in the spectral space. Other information can be gathered from the plot which may aid in the discrimination between manmade and natural materials. In order to use these measures to differentiate between the two material types, the effect of the inclusion of manmade pixels on the phenomenology of the background distribution must be evaluated. Here, a procedure for injecting manmade pixels into a natural region of a scene is discussed. The results of dimension estimation on natural scenes with varying amounts of manmade pixels injected are presented here, indicating that these metrics can be sensitive to the presence of manmade phenomenology in an image.

  9. Validation of reference materials for uranium radiochronometry in the frame of nuclear forensic investigations

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Varga, Z.; Mayer, K.; Bonamici, C. E.

    The results of a joint effort by expert nuclear forensic laboratories in the area of age dating of uranium, i.e. the elapsed time since the last chemical purification of the material are presented and discussed. Completely separated uranium materials of known production date were distributed among the laboratories, and the samples were dated according to routine laboratory procedures by the measurement of the ²²⁰Th/²³⁴U ratio. The measurement results were in good agreement with the known production date showing that the concept for preparing uranium age dating reference material based on complete separation is valid. Detailed knowledge of the laboratory proceduresmore » used for uranium age dating allows the identification of possible improvements in the current protocols and the development of improved practice in the future. The availability of age dating reference materials as well as the evolvement of the age dating best-practice protocol will increase the relevance and applicability of age dating as part of the tool-kit available for nuclear forensic investigations.« less

  10. Ethics and fraud in science: a review of scientific misconduct and applications to craniofacial research.

    PubMed

    Eliades, Theodore; Athanasiou, Athanasios E; Papadopulos, Jannis S

    2005-01-01

    The purpose of this article is to review and discuss the occurrence of fraud in biomedical research and analyze the definition, origin, and various forms of scientific misconduct. Fraud in research most often involves reporting data for which no records of experiment or population are present; manipulating research materials, equipment, or procedures to arrive at the desirable result; adding, changing, or omitting results, which positively or negatively relate to the hypothesis that the research intends to test; and incorporating ideas, statements, procedures of others' work without permission and appropriate credit to the source. The etiologic factors contributing to this deviant behavior, and measures taken by relevant bodies to eliminate this phenomenon are discussed. Ethical and integrity aspects of craniofacial research are explored and a set of criteria to facilitate rigorous assessment of the integrity of clinical and basic research protocols is proposed. These include (1) an integrity-focused training of researchers to adhere to specific laboratory procedure and tactics which discourage fraud; (2) appointment of external reviewers to detect unusual and suspicious experimental process or data patterns; and (3) encouragement of multicenter trials. Although it is widely recognized that the sole determinant of scientific misconduct is the individual investigator's integrity, a number of precautions may effectively reduce the prevalence of this event, which may affect the status and trends of biomedical research in general.

  11. Thermochemical water decomposition processes

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Chao, R. E.

    1974-01-01

    Thermochemical processes which lead to the production of hydrogen and oxygen from water without the consumption of any other material have a number of advantages when compared to other processes such as water electrolysis. It is possible to operate a sequence of chemical steps with net work requirements equal to zero at temperatures well below the temperature required for water dissociation in a single step. Various types of procedures are discussed, giving attention to halide processes, reverse Deacon processes, iron oxide and carbon oxide processes, and metal and alkali metal processes. Economical questions are also considered.

  12. Biofouling and corrosion studies. Final report, Part I, May 1, 1976-December 1977

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Mahalingam, L. M.

    1978-01-01

    Three sets of biofouling experiments were conducted. Two of these sets were done in the Pacific Ocean at Keahole Point, Hawaii, and one was in the Caribbean at St. Croix, Virgin Islands. Data and results from these experiments are presented and discussed. Heat transfer, biological, and metallurgical measurements are presented. A brief account of the data analysis procedures, and an assessment of the hardware performance are given. Recommendations are made to improve the quality of the current efforts in the OTEC Biofouling, Corrosion and Materials program.

  13. Radiation: Physical Characterization and Environmental Measurements

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1997-01-01

    In this session, Session WP4, the discussion focuses on the following topics: Production of Neutrons from Interactions of GCR-Like Particles; Solar Particle Event Dose Distributions, Parameterization of Dose-Time Profiles; Assessment of Nuclear Events in the Body Produced by Neutrons and High-Energy Charged Particles; Ground-Based Simulations of Cosmic Ray Heavy Ion Interactions in Spacecraft and Planetary Habitat Shielding Materials; Radiation Measurements in Space Missions; Radiation Measurements in Civil Aircraft; Analysis of the Pre-Flight and Post-Flight Calibration Procedures Performed on the Liulin Space Radiation Dosimeter; and Radiation Environment Monitoring for Astronauts.

  14. Review of nuclear pharmacy practice in hospitals

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kawada, T.K.; Tubis, M.; Ebenkamp, T.

    1982-02-01

    An operational profile for nuclear pharmacy practice is presented, and the technical and professional role of nuclear pharmacists is reviewed. Key aspects of nuclear pharmacy practice in hospitals discussed are the basic facilities and equipment for the preparation, quality control, and distribution of radioactive drug products. Standards for receiving, storing, and processing radioactive material are described. The elements of a radiopharmaceutical quality assurance program, including the working procedures, documentation systems, data analysis, and specific control tests, are presented. Details of dose preparation and administration and systems of inventory control for radioactive products are outlined.

  15. Handbook for industrial noise control

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1981-01-01

    The basic principles of sound, measuring techniques, and instrumentation associated with general purpose noise control are discussed. Means for identifying and characterizing a noise problem so that subsequent work may provide the most efficient and cost effective solution are outlined. A methodology for choosing appropriate noise control materials and the proper implementation of control procedures is detailed. The most significant NASA sponsored contributions to the state of the art development of optimum noise control technologies are described including cases in which aeroacoustics and related research have shed some light on ways of reducing noise generation at its source.

  16. Modelling high frequency phenomena in the rotor of induction motors under no-load test conditions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Boglietti, Aldo; Bottauscio, Oriano; Chiampi, Mario; Lazzari, Mario

    2003-01-01

    The paper aims to deep the electromagnetic phenomena in the rotor of induction motors produced during the no-load test by the high-order harmonics of the spatial distribution of magnetic flux. The analysis is carried out by a flux driven finite element procedure, which can take into account the hysteresis of magnetic material, the induced currents in rotor cage and the eddy currents in the laminations. The computed results, including losses and local waveforms of electrical and magnetic quantities, are finally discussed.

  17. Commercial jet fuel quality control

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Strauss, K.H.

    1995-05-01

    The paper discusses the purpose of jet fuel quality control between the refinery and the aircraft. It describes fixed equipment, including various types of filters, and the usefulness and limitations of this equipment. Test equipment is reviewed as are various surveillance procedures. These include the Air Transport Association specification ATA 103, the FAA Advisory Circular 150/5230-4, the International Air Transport Association Guidance Material for Fuel Quality Control and Fuelling Service and the Guidelines for Quality Control at Jointly Operated Fuel Systems. Some past and current quality control problems are briefly mentioned.

  18. New aspects relating to the behaviour of composites and adhesives in space

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Carpenter, A.

    1991-01-01

    Some of the specialized testing procedures performed at the JPL Molecular Contamination Investigation Facility for the WideField Planetary Camera II (WFPC II) program for the screening of polymeric materials for outgassing properties are described. For WFPC II, a science performance goal of 1-percent photometric accuracy at 1470 A over an extended time (at least 30 days) has been established. Utilization of the newest technology using CCD detectors poses even more stringent requirements. Test results are presented, and data reduction and modeling techniques are discussed.

  19. Handbook for industrial noise control

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    The basic principles of sound, measuring techniques, and instrumentation associated with general purpose noise control are discussed. Means for identifying and characterizing a noise problem so that subsequent work may provide the most efficient and cost effective solution are outlined. A methodology for choosing appropriate noise control materials and the proper implementation of control procedures is detailed. The most significant NASA sponsored contributions to the state of the art development of optimum noise control technologies are described including cases in which aeroacoustics and related research have shed some light on ways of reducing noise generation at its source.

  20. A high temperature fatigue life prediction computer code based on the total strain version of StrainRange Partitioning (SRP)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mcgaw, Michael A.; Saltsman, James F.

    1993-01-01

    A recently developed high-temperature fatigue life prediction computer code is presented and an example of its usage given. The code discussed is based on the Total Strain version of Strainrange Partitioning (TS-SRP). Included in this code are procedures for characterizing the creep-fatigue durability behavior of an alloy according to TS-SRP guidelines and predicting cyclic life for complex cycle types for both isothermal and thermomechanical conditions. A reasonably extensive materials properties database is included with the code.

  1. Toward Worldwide Hepcidin Assay Harmonization: Identification of a Commutable Secondary Reference Material.

    PubMed

    van der Vorm, Lisa N; Hendriks, Jan C M; Laarakkers, Coby M; Klaver, Siem; Armitage, Andrew E; Bamberg, Alison; Geurts-Moespot, Anneke J; Girelli, Domenico; Herkert, Matthias; Itkonen, Outi; Konrad, Robert J; Tomosugi, Naohisa; Westerman, Mark; Bansal, Sukhvinder S; Campostrini, Natascia; Drakesmith, Hal; Fillet, Marianne; Olbina, Gordana; Pasricha, Sant-Rayn; Pitts, Kelly R; Sloan, John H; Tagliaro, Franco; Weykamp, Cas W; Swinkels, Dorine W

    2016-07-01

    Absolute plasma hepcidin concentrations measured by various procedures differ substantially, complicating interpretation of results and rendering reference intervals method dependent. We investigated the degree of equivalence achievable by harmonization and the identification of a commutable secondary reference material to accomplish this goal. We applied technical procedures to achieve harmonization developed by the Consortium for Harmonization of Clinical Laboratory Results. Eleven plasma hepcidin measurement procedures (5 mass spectrometry based and 6 immunochemical based) quantified native individual plasma samples (n = 32) and native plasma pools (n = 8) to assess analytical performance and current and achievable equivalence. In addition, 8 types of candidate reference materials (3 concentrations each, n = 24) were assessed for their suitability, most notably in terms of commutability, to serve as secondary reference material. Absolute hepcidin values and reproducibility (intrameasurement procedure CVs 2.9%-8.7%) differed substantially between measurement procedures, but all were linear and correlated well. The current equivalence (intermeasurement procedure CV 28.6%) between the methods was mainly attributable to differences in calibration and could thus be improved by harmonization with a common calibrator. Linear regression analysis and standardized residuals showed that a candidate reference material consisting of native lyophilized plasma with cryolyoprotectant was commutable for all measurement procedures. Mathematically simulated harmonization with this calibrator resulted in a maximum achievable equivalence of 7.7%. The secondary reference material identified in this study has the potential to substantially improve equivalence between hepcidin measurement procedures and contributes to the establishment of a traceability chain that will ultimately allow standardization of hepcidin measurement results. © 2016 American Association for Clinical Chemistry.

  2. Nomarski differential interference contrast microscopy for surface slope measurements: an examination of techniques

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hartman, J.S.; Gordon, R.L.; Lessor, D.L.

    1981-08-01

    Alternate measurement and data analysis procedures are discussed and compared for the application of reflective Nomarski differential interference contrast microscopy for the determination of surface slopes. The discussion includes the interpretation of a previously reported iterative procedure using the results of a detailed optical model and the presentation of a new procedure based on measured image intensity extrema. Surface slope determinations from these procedures are presented and compared with results from a previously reported curve fit analysis of image intensity data. The accuracy and advantages of the different procedures are discussed.

  3. Measuring Water Potential (Activity) from Free Water to Oven Dryness 1

    PubMed Central

    Wiebe, Herman H.

    1981-01-01

    Water activities (potentials) in plant materials were measured over the range from free water to oven dryness with a Spanner thermocouple psychrometer. In a two-step procedure, water was first condensed on the thermocouple junction for several minutes. The sample was then inserted under the wet thermocouple and the maximum psychrometric cooling was measured in about 10 seconds. Calibration was with saturated salt slurries of known water activities. Psychrometric cooling was a nearly linear function of the water activity and of the negative log of the water potential. The psychrometric cooling to water activity relationship agreed with wetbulb temperature depression to relative humidity relationships given in tables. Water activities of wheat grains and leaves decreased sharply in a curvilinear fashion as their water contents decreased. Some problems of the procedure are discussed. Images PMID:16662081

  4. Evaluation of concrete cover by surface wave technique: Identification procedure

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Piwakowski, Bogdan; Kaczmarek, Mariusz; Safinowski, Paweł

    2012-05-01

    Concrete cover degradation is induced by aggressive agents in ambiance, such as moisture, chemicals or temperature variations. Due to degradation usually a thin (a few millimeters thick) surface layer has porosity slightly higher than the deeper sound material. The non destructive evaluation of concrete cover is vital to monitor the integrity of concrete structures and prevent their irreversible damage. In this paper the methodology applied by the classical technique used for ground structure recovery called Multichanel Analysis of Surface Waves is discussed as the NDT tool in civil engineering domain to characterize the concrete cover. In order to obtain the velocity as a function of sample depth the dispersion of surface waves is used as an input for solving inverse problem. The paper describes the inversion procedure and provides the practical example of use of developed system.

  5. Radiation Hardness Assurance (RHA) for Space Systems

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Poivey, Christian; Buchner, Stephen

    2007-01-01

    This presentation discusses radiation hardness assurance (RHA) for space systems, providing both the programmatic aspects of RHA and the RHA procedure. RHA consists of all activities undertaken to ensure that the electronics and materials of a space system perform to their design specifications after exposure to the space radiation environment. RHA also pertains to environment definition, part selection, part testing, spacecraft layout, radiation tolerant design, and mission/system/subsystems requirements. RHA procedure consists of establishing mission requirements, defining and evaluating the radiation hazard, selecting and categorizing the appropriate parts, and evaluating circuit response to hazard. The RHA approach is based on risk management and is confined only to parts, it includes spacecraft layout, system/subsystem/circuit design, and system requirements and system operations. RHA should be taken into account in the early phases of a program including the proposal and feasibility analysis phases.

  6. A hydrostatic stress-dependent anisotropic model of viscoplasticity

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Robinson, D. N.; Tao, Q.; Verrilli, M. J.

    1994-01-01

    A hydrostatic stress-dependent, anisotropic model of viscoplasticity is formulated as an extension of Bodner's model. This represents a further extension of the isotropic Bodner model over that made to anisotropy by Robinson and MitiKavuma. Account is made of the inelastic deformation that can occur in metallic composites under hydrostatic stress. A procedure for determining the material parameters is identified that is virtually identical to the established characterization procedure for the original Bodner model. Characterization can be achieved using longitudinal/transverse tensile and shear tests and hydrostatic stress tests; alternatively, four off-axis tensile tests can be used. Conditions for a yield stress minimum under off-axis tension are discussed. The model is applied to a W/Cu composite; characterization is made using off-axis tensile data generated at NASA Lewis Research Center (LeRC).

  7. Guidelines for producing training films and videos.

    PubMed

    Harper, P B

    1991-01-01

    Drawing from experience in producing a film on the surgical procedure of female sterilization, 4 guidelines to technical film production for training purposes are presented and discussed in this paper. In order of presentation in the text, the paper 1st encourages identifying and securing a technical expert, then clearly identifying steps of the technical procedure, involving trainees and trainers in the production process, and working with experienced producers, scriptwriters, and crew members. Returning to the 1st guideline, the technical advisor will have a central presence during all photography and editing, and ideally should not have any personal investment in the procedure being shown. Prior to script finalization and sorting, research is urged to ensure concrete procedural steps. Printed materials, slides, interviews of experienced clinicians, procedure observation, and test videotape shooting may be called upon and employed as parts of the research phase. Trainees should participate during preliminary research, script development, and pretesting of early film versions, their suggestions for change incorporated where appropriate in the final version. On the final point of securing experienced workers, country nationals sensitive to relevant cultural and background dynamics should be included in the team. The special concerns of airport security regulation and customs requirements knowledge are essential, as well as their attention to assuring adequate on-site electricity for camera equipment.

  8. Procedures for sampling radium-contaminated soils

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Fleischhauer, H.L.

    Two procedures for sampling the surface layer (0 to 15 centimeters) of radium-contaminated soil are recommended for use in remedial action projects. Both procedures adhere to the philosophy that soil samples should have constant geometry and constant volume in order to ensure uniformity. In the first procedure, a ''cookie cutter'' fashioned from pipe or steel plate, is driven to the desired depth by means of a slide hammer, and the sample extracted as a core or plug. The second procedure requires use of a template to outline the sampling area, from which the sample is obtained using a trowel ormore » spoon. Sampling to the desired depth must then be performed incrementally. Selection of one procedure over the other is governed primarily by soil conditions, the cookie cutter being effective in nongravelly soils, and the template procedure appropriate for use in both gravelly and nongravelly soils. In any event, a minimum sample volume of 1000 cubic centimeters is recommended. The step-by-step procedures are accompanied by a description of the minimum requirements for sample documentation. Transport of the soil samples from the field is then addressed in a discussion of the federal regulations for shipping radioactive materials. Interpretation of those regulations, particularly in light of their application to remedial action soil-sampling programs, is provided in the form of guidance and suggested procedures. Due to the complex nature of the regulations, however, there is no guarantee that our interpretations of them are complete or entirely accurate. Preparation of soil samples for radium-226 analysis by means of gamma-ray spectroscopy is described.« less

  9. Implementing New Methods of Laser Marking of Items in the Nuclear Material Control and Accountability System at SSC RF-IPPE: An Automated Laser Marking System

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Regoushevsky, V I; Tambovtsev, S D; Dvukhsherstnov, V G

    2009-05-18

    For over ten years SSC RF-IPPE, together with the US DOE National Laboratories, has been working on implementing automated control and accountability methods for nuclear materials and other items. Initial efforts to use adhesive bar codes or ones printed (painted) onto metal revealed that these methods were inconvenient and lacked durability under operational conditions. For NM disk applications in critical stands, there is the additional requirement that labels not affect the neutron characteristics of the critical assembly. This is particularly true for the many stainless-steel clad disks containing highly enriched uranium (HEU) and plutonium that are used at SSC RF-IPPEmore » for modeling nuclear power reactors. In search of an alternate method for labeling these disks, we tested several technological options, including laser marking and two-dimensional codes. As a result, the method of laser coloring was chosen in combination with Data Matrix ECC200 symbology. To implement laser marking procedures for the HEU disks and meet all the nuclear material (NM) handling standards and rules, IPPE staff, with U.S. technical and financial support, implemented an automated laser marking system; there are also specially developed procedures for NM movements during laser marking. For the laser marking station, a Zenith 10F system by Telesis Technologies (10 watt Ytterbium Fiber Laser and Merlin software) is used. The presentation includes a flowchart for the automated system and a list of specially developed procedures with comments. Among other things, approaches are discussed for human-factor considerations. To date, markings have been applied to numerous steel-clad HEU disks, and the work continues. In the future this method is expected to be applied to other MC&A items.« less

  10. Civil Courts.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Eaneman, Paulette S.; And Others

    These materials are part of the Project Benchmark series designed to teach secondary students about our legal concepts and systems. This unit focuses on the structure and procedures of the civil court systems. The materials outline common law heritage, kinds of cases, jurisdiction, civil pretrial procedure, trial procedure, and a sample automobile…

  11. 40 CFR 246.202-6 - Recommended procedures: Cost analysis.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., storage and transportation costs have been made, and estimated tonnages of both recoverable material and...) SOLID WASTES SOURCE SEPARATION FOR MATERIALS RECOVERY GUIDELINES Requirements and Recommended Procedures... paper sales and savings from diverting recycled materials from disposal. Potential costs to upgrade...

  12. 40 CFR 246.201-7 - Recommended procedures: Cost analysis.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., storage and transportation costs have been made, and estimated tonnages of both recoverable materials and...) SOLID WASTES SOURCE SEPARATION FOR MATERIALS RECOVERY GUIDELINES Requirements and Recommended Procedures... paper sales and savings from diverting recycled materials from disposal. Potential costs to upgrade...

  13. Polymeric film application for phase change heat transfer

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bart, Hans-Jörg; Dreiser, Christian

    2018-06-01

    The paper gives a concise review on polymer film heat exchangers (PFHX) with a focus on polyether ether ketone (PEEK) foil as heat transfer element, mechanically supported by a grid structure. In order to promote PFHX applications, heat transfer performance and wetting behavior are studied in detail. Surface modifications to improve wetting are discussed and correlations are presented for critical Reynolds numbers to sustain a stable liquid film. Scaling phenomena related to surface properties and easily adaptable cleaning-in-place (CIP) procedures are further content. The contribution of the foil thickness and material selection on thermal performance is quantified and a correlation for enhanced aqueous film heat transfer for the grid supported PFHX is given. The basic research results and the design criteria enable early stage material selection and conceptual apparatus design.

  14. Influence of Crack-Tip Configurations on the Fracture Response of 0.04-Inch Thick 2024-T3 Aluminum Alloy Sheet

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Johnston, William M.; Newman, James C. (Technical Monitor)

    2002-01-01

    A series of fracture tests were conducted on Middle-crack tension M(T) and compact tension C(T) specimens to determine the effects of specimen type, specimen width, notch tip sharpness and buckling on the fracture behavior of cracked thin sheet (0.04 inch thick) 2024-T3 aluminum alloy material. A series of M(T) specimens were tested with three notch tip configurations: (1) a fatigue pre-cracked notch, (2) a 0.010-inch-diameter wire electrical discharge machined (EDM) notch, and (3) a EDM notch sharpened with a razor blade. The test procedures are discussed and the experimental results for failure stress, load vs. crack extension and the material stress-strain response are reported.

  15. Characteristics of electromagnetic interference generated by arc discharges. [in spacecraft

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Leung, Philip

    1986-01-01

    Electromagnetic interference (EMI) signatures resulting from arc discharges are characterized, and the effects of electrostatic discharges (ESDs) on the design of spacecraft systems are investigated. EMI characterization experiments were performed on Mylar, Teflon, Kapton, fused silica, and fiberglass in a vacuum chamber with acrylic walls; the experimental design and procedures are described. Discharge current pulses and RF spectra generated by the sample materials are examined. The relation between the magnitude of EMI generated during an ESD event and the material, environment, and geometry is studied. The solar-array/plasma interaction is analyzed; particular attention is given to the rate of discharge as a function of plasma density. The physical mechanisms of ESD-generated EMI are discussed. The data reveal that ESD parameters are dependent on the test environment.

  16. The accelerated characterization of viscoelastic composite materials. Ph.D. Thesis

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Griffith, W. I.; Morris, D. H.; Brinson, H. F.

    1980-01-01

    Necessary fundamentals relative to composite materials and viscoelasticity are reviewed. The accelerated characterization techniques of time temperature superposition and time temperature stress superposition are described. An experimental procedure for applying the latter to composites is given along with results obtained on a particular T300/934 graphite/epoxy. The accelerated characterization predictions are found in good agreement with actual long term tests. A postcuring phenomenon is discussed that necessitates thermal conditioning of the specimen prior to testing. A closely related phenomenon of physical aging is described as well as the effect of each on the glass transition temperature and strength. Creep rupture results are provided for a variety of geometries and temperatures for T300/934 graphite/epoxy. The results are found to compare reasonably with a modified kinetic rate theory.

  17. Modeling and Simulation of Nanoindentation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Huang, Sixie; Zhou, Caizhi

    2017-11-01

    Nanoindentation is a hardness test method applied to small volumes of material which can provide some unique effects and spark many related research activities. To fully understand the phenomena observed during nanoindentation tests, modeling and simulation methods have been developed to predict the mechanical response of materials during nanoindentation. However, challenges remain with those computational approaches, because of their length scale, predictive capability, and accuracy. This article reviews recent progress and challenges for modeling and simulation of nanoindentation, including an overview of molecular dynamics, the quasicontinuum method, discrete dislocation dynamics, and the crystal plasticity finite element method, and discusses how to integrate multiscale modeling approaches seamlessly with experimental studies to understand the length-scale effects and microstructure evolution during nanoindentation tests, creating a unique opportunity to establish new calibration procedures for the nanoindentation technique.

  18. Polymeric film application for phase change heat transfer

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bart, Hans-Jörg; Dreiser, Christian

    2018-01-01

    The paper gives a concise review on polymer film heat exchangers (PFHX) with a focus on polyether ether ketone (PEEK) foil as heat transfer element, mechanically supported by a grid structure. In order to promote PFHX applications, heat transfer performance and wetting behavior are studied in detail. Surface modifications to improve wetting are discussed and correlations are presented for critical Reynolds numbers to sustain a stable liquid film. Scaling phenomena related to surface properties and easily adaptable cleaning-in-place (CIP) procedures are further content. The contribution of the foil thickness and material selection on thermal performance is quantified and a correlation for enhanced aqueous film heat transfer for the grid supported PFHX is given. The basic research results and the design criteria enable early stage material selection and conceptual apparatus design.

  19. Sponsor relationships, analyte stability in ligand-binding assays and critical reagent management: a bioanalytical CRO perspective.

    PubMed

    Lefor Bradford, Julia

    2015-01-01

    This perspective article discusses key points to address in the establishment of sound partnerships between sponsors and bioanalytical CROs to assure the timeliness, quality and consistency of bioanalysis throughout biological therapeutic development. The performance of ligand-binding assays can be greatly impacted by low-grade reagents, lot-to-lot variability and lack of stability of the analyte in matrix, impacting both timelines and cost. Thorough characterization of the biologic of interest and its assay-enabling critical reagents will lend itself well to conservation of materials and continuity of assay performance. When unplanned events occur, such as performance declines or premature depletion of material, structured procedures are paramount to supplement the current loosely defined regulatory guidance on critical reagent characterization and method bridging.

  20. Modifications of system for elevated temperature tensile testing and stress-strain measurement of metal matrix composites

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Diaz, J. O.

    1985-01-01

    Composites consisting of tungsten alloy wires in superalloy matrices are being studied because they offer the potential for increased strength compared to current materials used at temperatures up to at least 1093 C (2000F). Previous research at the NASA Lewis Research Center and at other laboratories in the U.S., Europe, and Japan has demonstrated laboratory feasibility for fiber reinforced superalloys (FRS). The data for the mechanical and physical properties used to evaluate candidate materials is limited and a need exists for a more detailed and complete data base. The focus of this work is to develop a test procedure to provide a more complete FRS data base to quantitatively evaluate the composite's potential for component applications. This paper will describe and discuss the equipment and procedures under development to obtain elevated temperature tensile stress-strain, strength and modulus data for the first generation of tungsten fiber reinforced superalloy composite (TFRS) materials. Tensile stress-strain tests are conducted using a constant crosshead speed tensile testing machine and a modified load-strain measuring apparatus. Elevated temperature tensile tests are performed using a resistance wound commercial furnace capable of heating test specimens up to 1093 C (2000 F). Tensile stress-strain data are obtained for hollow tubular stainless steel specimens serving as a prototype for future composite specimens.

  1. Clinical Application of Ceramics in Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Review and Update.

    PubMed

    Zadegan, Shayan Abdollah; Abedi, Aidin; Jazayeri, Seyed Behnam; Bonaki, Hirbod Nasiri; Vaccaro, Alexander R; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa

    2017-06-01

    Narrative review. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a reliable procedure, commonly used for cervical degenerative disc disease. For interbody fusions, autograft was the gold standard for decades; however, limited availability and donor site morbidities have led to a constant search for new materials. Clinically, it has been shown that calcium phosphate ceramics, including hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP), are effective as osteoconductive materials and bone grafts. In this review, we present the current findings regarding the use of ceramics in ACDF. A review of the relevant literature examining the clinical use of ceramics in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion procedures was conducted using PubMed, OVID and Cochrane. HA, coralline HA, sandwiched HA, TCP, and biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics were used in combination with osteoinductive materials such as bone marrow aspirate and various cages composed of poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK), fiber carbon, and titanium. Stand-alone ceramic spacers have been associated with fracture and cracks. Metallic cages such as titanium endure the risk of subsidence and migration. PEEK cages in combination with ceramics were shown to be a suitable substitute for autograft. None of the discussed options has demonstrated clear superiority over others, although direct comparisons are often difficult due to discrepancies in data collection and study methodologies. Future randomized clinical trials are warranted before definitive conclusions can be drawn.

  2. Charged Particle Detection: Potential of Love Wave Acoustic Devices

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pedrick, Michael; Tittmann, Bernhard

    2006-03-01

    An investigation of the dependence of film density on group and phase velocities in a Love Wave Device shows potential for acoustic-based charged particle detection (CPD). Exposure of an ion sensitive photoresist to charged particles causes localized changes in density through either scission or cross-linking. A theoretical model was developed to study ion fluence effects on Love Wave sensitivity based on: ion energy, effective density changes, layer thickness and mode selection. The model is based on a Poly(Methyl Methacralate) (PMMA) film deposited on a Quartz substrate. The effect of Helium ion fluence on the properties of PMMA has previously been studied. These guidelines were used as an initial basis for the prediction of helium ion detection in a PMMA layer. Procedures for experimental characterization of ion effects on the material properties of PMMA are reviewed. Techniques for experimental validation of the predicted velocity shifts are discussed. A Love Wave Device for CPD could potentially provide a cost-effective alternative to semiconductor or photo-based counterparts. The potential for monitoring ion implantation effects on material properties is also discussed.

  3. Ohmic contacts for laser diodes

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ladany, I.; Marinelli, D. P.

    1983-01-01

    Requirements for ohmic contacts to laser diodes are discussed, and properties of Schottky barrier tunneling contacts are reviewed. A procedure is described for measuring contact resistance on fabricated laser material without the need for specially constructed samples and contact configurations. Measurements of contact resistance and estimates of specific contact resistance are given for Ti/Pt/Au contacts to surfaces with three different doping levels. It was found that below a p-type carrier concentration of 1 x 10 to the 19th per cu cm the contact resistance is likely to be too high for good device performance. At higher doping levels, a specific contact resistance as low as 2 x 10 to the -6th ohm sq cm was obtained. Oxide stripe lasers provided with the type of contact discussed in this paper have been operated without failures for periods up to 7 years at a current density at the contact of 6-8 kA/sq cm. It appears therefore that these contacts satisfy the need for low resistance and durability and that, at the same time, they do not cause any obvious material degradation.

  4. Numerical Hydrodynamics in General Relativity.

    PubMed

    Font, José A

    2003-01-01

    The current status of numerical solutions for the equations of ideal general relativistic hydrodynamics is reviewed. With respect to an earlier version of the article, the present update provides additional information on numerical schemes, and extends the discussion of astrophysical simulations in general relativistic hydrodynamics. Different formulations of the equations are presented, with special mention of conservative and hyperbolic formulations well-adapted to advanced numerical methods. A large sample of available numerical schemes is discussed, paying particular attention to solution procedures based on schemes exploiting the characteristic structure of the equations through linearized Riemann solvers. A comprehensive summary of astrophysical simulations in strong gravitational fields is presented. These include gravitational collapse, accretion onto black holes, and hydrodynamical evolutions of neutron stars. The material contained in these sections highlights the numerical challenges of various representative simulations. It also follows, to some extent, the chronological development of the field, concerning advances on the formulation of the gravitational field and hydrodynamic equations and the numerical methodology designed to solve them. Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.12942/lrr-2003-4.

  5. Developing improved silica materials and devices for integrated optics applications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Maker, Ashley Julia

    Due to their favorable optical and material properties, silica-based materials and devices have found many important applications throughout science and engineering, especially in sensing, communications, lasers, and integrated optics. Often, silica's properties ultimately limit the performance of these applications. To address this limitation, this thesis investigates the development of improved silica materials and optical devices, including silica films, coatings, waveguides, resonators, lasers, and sensors. Using sol-gel chemistry and microfabrication procedures, custom silica materials and devices are developed to benefit many applications. In this thesis, it is first demonstrated how the low optical loss of silica enables fabrication of low loss integrated waveguides and toroidal resonators with ultra-high quality factors. Then, by adding various rare earth and metal dopants to sol-gel silica, hybrid silica materials and devices are made with custom properties such as high refractive index and lasing capabilities. Finally, several applications are demonstrated, including the use of high refractive index coatings to control the behavior of light, development of Raman and ultra-low threshold rare earth microlasers, and a heterodyned microlaser sensor with significantly improved sensing performance. Future applications and directions of this research are also discussed.

  6. Graded High-Strength Spring-Steels by a Special Inductive Heat T reatment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tump, A.; Brandt, R.

    2016-03-01

    A method for effective lightweight design is the use of materials with high specific strength. As materials e.g. titanium are very expensive, steel is still the most important material for manufacturing automotive components. Steel is cost efficient, easy to recycle and its tensile strength easily exceeds 2,000 MPa by means of modern QT-technology (Quenched and Tempered). Therefore, lightweight design is still feasible in spite of the high density of steel. However, a further increase of tensile strength is limited, especially due to an increasing notch sensitivity and exposure to a corrosive environment. One solution is a special QT-process for steel, which creates a hardness gradient from the surface to the core of the material. This type of tailored material possesses a softer layer, which improves material properties such as fracture toughness and notch sensitivity. This leads to a better resistance to stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue. Due to this optimization, a weight reduction is feasible without the use of expensive alloying elements. To understand the damage mechanism a comprehensive testing procedure was performed on homogeneous and gradient steels. Some results regarding the fracture mechanic behavior of such steels will be discussed.

  7. Perspective: Fabrication of integrated organ-on-a-chip via bioprinting.

    PubMed

    Yang, Qingzhen; Lian, Qin; Xu, Feng

    2017-05-01

    Organ-on-a-chip has emerged as a powerful platform with widespread applications in biomedical engineering, such as pathology studies and drug screening. However, the fabrication of organ-on-a-chip is still a challenging task due to its complexity. For an integrated organ-on-a-chip, it may contain four key elements, i.e., a microfluidic chip, live cells/microtissues that are cultured in this chip, components for stimulus loading to mature the microtissues, and sensors for results readout. Recently, bioprinting has been used for fabricating organ-on-a-chip as it enables the printing of multiple materials, including biocompatible materials and even live cells in a programmable manner with a high spatial resolution. Besides, all four elements for organ-on-a-chip could be printed in a single continuous procedure on one printer; in other words, the fabrication process is assembly free. In this paper, we discuss the recent advances of organ-on-a-chip fabrication by bioprinting. Light is shed on the printing strategies, materials, and biocompatibility. In addition, some specific bioprinted organs-on-chips are analyzed in detail. Because the bioprinted organ-on-a-chip is still in its early stage, significant efforts are still needed. Thus, the challenges presented together with possible solutions and future trends are also discussed.

  8. A Study of Failure Criteria of Fibrous Composite Materials

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Paris, Federico; Jackson, Karen E. (Technical Monitor)

    2001-01-01

    The research described in this paper is focused on two areas: (1) evaluation of existing composite failure criteria in the nonlinear, explicit transient dynamic finite element code, MSC.Dytran, and (2) exploration of the possibilities for modification of material and failure models to account for large deformations, progressive failure, and interaction of damage accumulation with stress/strain response of laminated composites. Following a review of the MSC.Dytran user manual, a bibliographical review of existing failure criteria of composites was performed. The papers considered most interesting for the objective of this report are discussed in section 2. The failure criteria included in the code under consideration are discussed in section 3. A critical summary of the present procedures to perform analysis and design of composites is presented in section 4. A study of the most important historical failure criteria for fibrous composite materials and some of the more recent modifications proposed were studied. The result of this analysis highlighted inadequacies in the existing failure criteria and the need to perform some numerical analyses to elucidate the answer to questions on which some of the proposed criteria are based. A summary of these ideas, which is a proposal of studies to be developed, is presented in section 5. Finally, some ideas for future developments are summarized in section 6.

  9. Replacing Lectures with Small Groups: The Impact of Flipping the Residency Conference Day

    PubMed Central

    King, Andrew M.; Mayer, Chad; Barrie, Michael; Greenberger, Sarah; Way, David P.

    2018-01-01

    The flipped classroom, an educational alternative to the traditional lecture, has been widely adopted by educators at all levels of education and across many disciplines. In the flipped classroom, learners prepare in advance of the face-to-face meeting by learning content material on their own. Classroom time is reserved for application of the learned content to solving problems or discussing cases. Over the past year, we replaced most residency program lectures with small-group discussions using the flipped-classroom model, case-based learning, simulation and procedure labs. In the new model, residents prepared for conference by reviewing a patient case and studying suggested learning materials. Conference day was set aside for facilitated small-group discussions about the case. This is a cross-cohort study of emergency medicine residents who experienced the lecture-based curriculum to residents in the new flipped-classroom curriculum using paired comparisons (independent t-tests) on in-training exam scores while controlling for program year level. We also compared results of the evaluation of various program components. We observed no differences between cohorts on in-training examination scores. Small-group methods were rated the same across program years. Two program components in the new curriculum, an updated format of both adult and pediatric case conferences, were rated significantly higher on program quality. In preparation for didactics, residents in the new curriculum report spending more time on average with outside learning materials, including almost twice as much time reviewing textbooks. Residents found the new format of the case conferences to be of higher quality because of the inclusion of rapid-fire case discussions with targeted learning points. PMID:29383050

  10. Characterization of Space Environmental Effects on Candidate Solar Sail Material

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Edwards, David; Hubbs, Whitney; Stanaland, Tesia; Munafo, Paul M. (Technical Monitor)

    2002-01-01

    The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) is concentrating research into the utilization of photonic materials for spacecraft propulsion. Spacecraft propulsion, using photonic materials, will be achieved using a solar sail. A solar sail operates on the principle that photons, originating from the sun, impart pressure to the sail and therefore provide a source for spacecraft propulsion. The pressure imparted to a solar sail can be increased, up to a factor of two if the sunfacing surface is perfectly reflective. Therefore, these solar sails are generally composed of a highly reflective metallic sun-facing layer, a thin polymeric substrate and occasionally a highly emissive back surface. The Space Environmental Effects Team, at MSFC, is actively characterizing candidate solar sail material to evaluate the thermo-optical and mechanical properties after exposure to radiation environments simulating orbital environments. This paper describes the results of three candidate materials after exposure to a simulated Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO). This is the first known characterization of solar sail material exposed to space simulated radiation environments. The technique of radiation dose versus material depth profiling was used to determine the orbital equivalent exposure doses. The solar sail exposure procedures and results of the material characterization will be discussed.

  11. Procedure de caracterisation thermophysique d'un materiau a changement de phase composite pour le stockage thermique

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Le Du, Mathieu

    The use of phase change materials (PCMs) allows to store and release large amounts of energy in reduced volumes by using latent heat storage through melting and solidifying at specific temperatures. Phase change materials received a great interest for reducing energy consumption by easing the implementation of passive solar heating and cooling. They can be integrated to buildings as wallboards to improve the heat storage capacity. In this study, an original experimental device has allowed to characterize the thermophysical proprieties of a composite wallboard constituted of PCMs. Generally, PCMs are characterized by calorimetric methods which use very small quantities of material. The device used can characterize large sample's dimensions, as they could be used in real condition. Apparent thermal conductivity and specific heat have been measured for various temperatures. During phase change process, total and latent heat storage capacities have been evaluated with the peak melting and freezing temperatures. Results are compared to the manufacturer's data and data from literature. Incoherencies have been found between sources. Despite several differences with published data, overall results are similar to the latest information, which allow validate the original experimental device. Thermal disturbances due to hysteresis have been noticed and discussed. Results allow suggesting recommendations on thermal procedure and experimental device to characterize efficiently this kind of materials. Temperature's ranges and heating and freezing rates affect results and it must be considered in the characterization. Moreover, experimental devices have to be designed to allow similar heating and freezing rates in order to compare results during melting and freezing. Key words: Phase change material, latent thermal storage, thermophysical characterization.

  12. Extended Endoscopic and Open Sinus Surgery for Refractory Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

    PubMed

    Eloy, Jean Anderson; Marchiano, Emily; Vázquez, Alejandro

    2017-02-01

    This review discusses extended endoscopic and open sinus surgery for refractory chronic rhinosinusitis. Extended maxillary sinus surgery including endoscopic maxillary mega-antrostomy, endoscopic modified medial maxillectomy, and inferior meatal antrostomy are described. Total/complete ethmoidectomy with mucosal stripping (nasalization) is discussed. Extended endoscopic sphenoid sinus procedures as well as their indications and potential risks are reviewed. Extended endoscopic frontal sinus procedures, such the modified Lothrop procedure, are described. Extended open sinus surgical procedures, such as the Caldwell-Luc approach, frontal sinus trephine procedure, external frontoethmoidectomy, frontal sinus osteoplastic flap with or without obliteration, and cranialization, are discussed. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  13. 40 CFR 65.158 - Performance test procedures for control devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... loading period during which regulated materials are loaded, and samples shall be collected using... applicable. The regulated material concentration and percent reduction may be measured as either total regulated material or as TOC (minus methane and ethane) according to the procedures specified. (1) Method 1...

  14. 40 CFR 65.158 - Performance test procedures for control devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... loading period during which regulated materials are loaded, and samples shall be collected using... applicable. The regulated material concentration and percent reduction may be measured as either total regulated material or as TOC (minus methane and ethane) according to the procedures specified. (1) Method 1...

  15. 40 CFR 65.158 - Performance test procedures for control devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... loading period during which regulated materials are loaded, and samples shall be collected using... applicable. The regulated material concentration and percent reduction may be measured as either total regulated material or as TOC (minus methane and ethane) according to the procedures specified. (1) Method 1...

  16. Materials Center Collections and Procedures: Suggested Modifications.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Davis, Larry L.

    This description of a three year project of services to educators by the Kentucky Department of Education Materials Center includes the current collections, future collections, and the anticipated procedures necessary to provide optimum service and best utilize those materials. The plan involves better coordination between the three major…

  17. 47 CFR 36.181 - Material and supplies-Account 1220.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... JURISDICTIONAL SEPARATIONS PROCEDURES; STANDARD PROCEDURES FOR SEPARATING TELECOMMUNICATIONS PROPERTY COSTS... Material and Supplies and Cash Working Capital § 36.181 Material and supplies—Account 1220. (a) The amount included in Account 1220 is apportioned among the operations on the basis of the apportionment of the cost...

  18. 45 CFR 99.26 - Unsponsored written material.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Unsponsored written material. 99.26 Section 99.26 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION PROCEDURE FOR HEARINGS FOR THE CHILD CARE AND DEVELOPMENT FUND Hearing Procedures § 99.26 Unsponsored written material. Letters...

  19. Driving Procedures. A Resource Guide for Driver Education Teachers.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Texas State Dept. of Public Safety, Austin.

    Designed to provide instructors with resource materials for driver education, this book contains mainly materials on established safe driving procedures. An introduction defines a procedure as describing ways in which a driver can comply with the law to do something extra that will increase his/her safety and prevent congestion and collision.…

  20. Recent advances in high-pressure freezing: equipment- and specimen-loading methods.

    PubMed

    McDonald, Kent L; Morphew, Mary; Verkade, Paul; Müller-Reichert, Thomas

    2007-01-01

    This chapter is an update of material first published by McDonald in the first volume of this book. Here, we discuss the improvements in the technology and the methodology of high-pressure freezing (HPF) since that article was published. First, we cover the latest innovation in HPF, the Leica EM PACT2. This machine differs significantly from the BAL-TEC HPM 010 high-pressure freezer, which was the main subject of the former chapter. The EM PACT2 is a smaller, portable machine and has an optional attachment, the Rapid Transfer System (RTS). This RTS permits easy and reproducible loading of the sample and allows one to do correlative light and electron microscopy with high time resolution. We also place more emphasis in this article on the details of specimen loading for HPF, which is considered the most critical phase of the whole process. Detailed procedures are described for how to high-pressure freeze cells in suspension, cells attached to substrates, tissue samples, or whole organisms smaller than 300 microm, and tissues or organisms greater than 300 microm in size. We finish the article with a brief discussion of freeze substitution and recommend some sample protocols for this procedure.

  1. A study of the stress wave factor technique for evaluation of composite materials

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Duke, J. C., Jr.; Henneke, E. G., II; Kiernan, M. T.; Grosskopf, P. P.

    1989-01-01

    The acousto-ultrasonic approach for nondestructive evaluation provides a measurement procedure for quantifying the integrated effect of globally distributed damage characteristic of fiber reinforced composite materials. The evaluation procedure provides a stress wave factor that correlates closely with several material performance parameters. The procedure was investigated for a variety of materials including advanced composites, hybrid structure bonds, adhesive bonds, wood products, and wire rope. The research program focused primarily on development of fundamental understanding and applications advancements of acousto-ultrasonics for materials characterization. This involves characterization of materials for which detection, location, and identification of imperfections cannot at present be analyzed satisfactorily with mechanical performance prediction models. In addition to presenting definitive studies on application potentials, the understanding of the acousto-ultrasonic method as applied to advanced composites is reviewed.

  2. 77 FR 36017 - Regulatory Guide 7.3, Procedures for Picking Up and Receiving Packages of Radioactive Material

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-15

    ... Receiving Packages of Radioactive Material AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice of... Guide (RG) 7.3, ``Procedures for Picking Up and Receiving Packages of Radioactive Material.'' The guide..., ``Administrative Guide for Verifying Compliance with Packaging Requirements for Shipment and Receipt of Radioactive...

  3. 20 CFR 422.201 - Material included in this subpart.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Material included in this subpart. 422.201 Section 422.201 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION ORGANIZATION AND PROCEDURES Procedures of the Office of Hearings and Appeals § 422.201 Material included in this subpart. This subpart...

  4. Design and Fabrication of DebriSat - A Representative LEO Satellite for Improvements to Standard Satellite Breakup Models

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Clark, S.; Dietrich, A.; Fitz-Coy, N.; Weremeyer, M.; Liou, J.-C.

    2012-01-01

    This paper discusses the design and fabrication of DebriSat, a 50 kg satellite developed to be representative of a modern low Earth orbit satellite in terms of its components, materials used, and fabrication procedures. DebriSat will be the target of a future hypervelocity impact experiment to determine the physical characteristics of debris generated after an on-orbit collision of a modern LEO satellite. The major ground-based satellite impact experiment used by DoD and NASA in their development of satellite breakup models was SOCIT, conducted in 1992. The target used for that experiment was a Navy transit satellite (40 cm, 35 kg) fabricated in the 1960's. Modern satellites are very different in materials and construction techniques than those built 40 years ago. Therefore, there is a need to conduct a similar experiment using a modern target satellite to improve the fidelity of the satellite breakup models. To ensure that DebriSat is truly representative of typical LEO missions, a comprehensive study of historical LEO satellite designs and missions within the past 15 years for satellites ranging from 1 kg to 5000 kg was conducted. This study identified modern trends in hardware, material, and construction practices utilized in recent LEO missions. Although DebriSat is an engineering model, specific attention is placed on the quality, type, and quantity of the materials used in its fabrication to ensure the integrity of the outcome. With the exception of software, all other aspects of the satellite s design, fabrication, and assembly integration and testing will be as rigorous as that of an actual flight vehicle. For example, to simulate survivability of launch loads, DebriSat will be subjected to a vibration test. As well, the satellite will undergo thermal vacuum tests to verify that the components and overall systems meet typical environmental standards. Proper assembly and integration techniques will involve comprehensive joint analysis, including the precise torqueing of fasteners and thread locking. Finally, the implementation of process documentation and verification procedures is discussed to provide a comprehensive overview of the design and fabrication of this representative LEO satellite.

  5. Synthesis of hydrophilic and hydrophobic carbon quantum dots from waste of wine fermentation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Varisco, Massimo; Zufferey, Denis; Ruggi, Albert; Zhang, Yucheng; Erni, Rolf; Mamula, Olimpia

    2017-12-01

    Wine lees are one of the main residues formed in vast quantities during the fermentation of wine. While toxic when applied to plants and wetlands, it is a biodegradable material, and several alternatives have been proposed for its valorization as: dietary supplement in animal feed, source for various yeast extracts and bioconversion feedstock. The implementation of stricter environment protection regulations resulted in increasing costs for wineries as their treatment process constitutes an unavoidable and expensive step in wine production. We propose here an alternative method to reduce waste and add value to wine production by exploiting this rich carbon source and use it as a raw material for producing carbon quantum dots (CQDs). A complete synthetic pathway is discussed, comprising the carbonization of the starting material, the screening of the most suitable solvent for the extraction of CQDs from the carbonized mass and their hydrophobic or hydrophilic functionalization. CQDs synthesized with the reported procedure show a bright blue emission (λmax = 433 ± 13 nm) when irradiated at 366 nm, which is strongly shifted when the wavelength is increased (e.g. emission at around 515 nm when excited at 460 nm). Yields and luminescent properties of CQDs, obtained with two different methods, namely microwave and ultrasound-based extraction, are discussed and compared. This study shows how easy a residue can be converted into an added-value material, thus not only reducing waste and saving costs for the wine-manufacturing industry but also providing a reliable, affordable and sustainable source for valuable materials.

  6. Synthesis of hydrophilic and hydrophobic carbon quantum dots from waste of wine fermentation

    PubMed Central

    Varisco, Massimo; Zufferey, Denis; Ruggi, Albert; Zhang, Yucheng; Erni, Rolf

    2017-01-01

    Wine lees are one of the main residues formed in vast quantities during the fermentation of wine. While toxic when applied to plants and wetlands, it is a biodegradable material, and several alternatives have been proposed for its valorization as: dietary supplement in animal feed, source for various yeast extracts and bioconversion feedstock. The implementation of stricter environment protection regulations resulted in increasing costs for wineries as their treatment process constitutes an unavoidable and expensive step in wine production. We propose here an alternative method to reduce waste and add value to wine production by exploiting this rich carbon source and use it as a raw material for producing carbon quantum dots (CQDs). A complete synthetic pathway is discussed, comprising the carbonization of the starting material, the screening of the most suitable solvent for the extraction of CQDs from the carbonized mass and their hydrophobic or hydrophilic functionalization. CQDs synthesized with the reported procedure show a bright blue emission (λmax = 433 ± 13 nm) when irradiated at 366 nm, which is strongly shifted when the wavelength is increased (e.g. emission at around 515 nm when excited at 460 nm). Yields and luminescent properties of CQDs, obtained with two different methods, namely microwave and ultrasound-based extraction, are discussed and compared. This study shows how easy a residue can be converted into an added-value material, thus not only reducing waste and saving costs for the wine-manufacturing industry but also providing a reliable, affordable and sustainable source for valuable materials. PMID:29308232

  7. Adhesion of Dental Materials to Tooth Structure

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mitra, Sumita B.

    2000-03-01

    The understanding and proper application of the principles of adhesion has brought forth a new paradigm in the realm of esthetic dentistry. Modern restorative tooth procedures can now conserve the remaining tooth-structure and also provide for the strengthening of the tooth. Adhesive restorative techniques call for the application and curing of the dental adhesive at the interface between the tooth tissue and the filling material. Hence the success of the restoration depends largely on the integrity of this interface. The mechanism of adhesion of the bonding materials to the dental hard tissue will be discussed in this paper. There are four main steps that occur during the application of the dental adhesive to the oral hard tissues: 1) The first step is the creation of a microstructure in the tooth enamel or dentin by means of an acidic material. This can be through the application of a separate etchant or can be accomplished in situ by the adhesive/primer. This agent has to be effective in removing or modifying the proteinaceous “smear” layer, which would otherwise act as a weak boundary layer on the surface to be bonded. 2) The primer/adhesive must then be able to wet and penetrate the microstructure created in the tooth. Since the surface energies of etched enamel and that of etched dentin are different finding one material to prime both types of dental tissues can be quite challenging. 3) The ionomer types of materials, particularly those that are carboxylate ion-containing, can chemically bond with the calcium ions of the hydroxyapatite mineral. 4) Polymerization in situ allows for micromechanical interlocking of the adhesive. The importance of having the right mechanical properties of the cured adhesive layer and its role in absorbing and dissipating stresses encountered by a restored tooth will also be discussed.

  8. Building on knowledge base of sodium cooled fast spectrum reactors to develop materials technology for fusion reactors

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Raj, Baldev; Rao, K. Bhanu Sankara

    2009-04-01

    The alloys 316L(N) and Mod. 9Cr-1Mo steel are the major structural materials for fabrication of structural components in sodium cooled fast reactors (SFRs). Various factors influencing the mechanical behaviour of these alloys and different modes of deformation and failure in SFR systems, their analysis and the simulated tests performed on components for assessment of structural integrity and the applicability of RCC-MR code for the design and validation of components are highlighted. The procedures followed for optimal design of die and punch for the near net shape forming of petals of main vessel of 500 MWe prototype fast breeder reactor (PFBR); the safe temperature and strain rate domains established using dynamic materials model for forming of 316L(N) and 9Cr-1Mo steels components by various industrial processes are illustrated. Weldability problems associated with 316L(N) and Mo. 9Cr-1Mo are briefly discussed. The utilization of artificial neural network models for prediction of creep rupture life and delta-ferrite in austenitic stainless steel welds is described. The usage of non-destructive examination techniques in characterization of deformation, fracture and various microstructural features in SFR materials is briefly discussed. Most of the experience gained on SFR systems could be utilized in developing science and technology for fusion reactors. Summary of the current status of knowledge on various aspects of fission and fusion systems with emphasis on cross fertilization of research is presented.

  9. A united event grand canonical Monte Carlo study of partially doped polyaniline

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Byshkin, M. S., E-mail: mbyshkin@unisa.it, E-mail: gmilano@unisa.it; Correa, A.; Buonocore, F.

    2013-12-28

    A Grand Canonical Monte Carlo scheme, based on united events combining protonation/deprotonation and insertion/deletion of HCl molecules is proposed for the generation of polyaniline structures at intermediate doping levels between 0% (PANI EB) and 100% (PANI ES). A procedure based on this scheme and subsequent structure relaxations using molecular dynamics is described and validated. Using the proposed scheme and the corresponding procedure, atomistic models of amorphous PANI-HCl structures were generated and studied at different doping levels. Density, structure factors, and solubility parameters were calculated. Their values agree well with available experimental data. The interactions of HCl with PANI have beenmore » studied and distribution of their energies has been analyzed. The procedure has also been extended to the generation of PANI models including adsorbed water and the effect of inclusion of water molecules on PANI properties has also been modeled and discussed. The protocol described here is general and the proposed United Event Grand Canonical Monte Carlo scheme can be easily extended to similar polymeric materials used in gas sensing and to other systems involving adsorption and chemical reactions steps.« less

  10. Refractive microlensarray made of silver-halide sensitized gelatin (SHSG) etched by enzyme with SLM-based lithography

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Guo, Xiaowei; Chen, Mingyong; Zhu, Jianhua; Ma, Yanqin; Du, Jinglei; Guo, Yongkang; Du, Chunlei

    2006-01-01

    A novel method for the fabrication of continuous micro-optical components is presented in this paper. It employs a computer controlled digital-micromirror-device(DMD TM) as a switchable projection mask and silver-halide sensitized gelatin (SHSG) as recording material. By etching SHSG with enzyme solution, the micro-optical components with relief modulation can be generated through special processing procedures. The principles of etching SHSG with enzyme and theoretical analysis for deep etching are also discussed in detail, and the detailed quantitative experiments on the processing procedures are conducted to determine optimum technique parameters. A good linear relationship within a depth range of 4μm was experimentally obtained between exposure dose and relief depth. At last, the microlensarray with 256.8μm radius and 2.572μm depth was achieved. This method is simple, cheap and the aberration in processing procedures can be corrected in the step of designing mask, so it is a practical method to fabricate good continuous profile for low-volume production.

  11. Study of PRIMAVERA steel samples by a positron annihilation spectroscopy technique

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Grafutin, V.; Ilyukhina, O.; Krsjak, V.; Burcl, R.; Hähner, P.; Erak, D.; Zeman, A.

    2010-11-01

    In the present article, a positron annihilation spectroscopy investigation of VVER-440/230 weld materials is discussed. Important characteristics of metals such as Fermi energy, concentration of electrons in the conduction band, size and concentration of defects were experimentally determined for three model materials with higher level of copper (0.16 wt.%) and phosphorus (0.027-0.038 wt.%). The impact of neutron irradiation and subsequent annealing on crystal lattice parameters was investigated. The experiments with the angular correlation of positron annihilation radiation (ACAR) complement the published positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) studies of the radiation treated VVER materials as well as previous experiments on PRIMAVERA materials. The availability of the experimental reactor to prepare strong 64Cu positron sources provided for unique experimental conditions, such as good resolution of spectra (0.4 mrad) and reasonable short time of measurement (36 h). The present paper aims to contribute to further understanding of RPV (reactor pressure vessel) steels behaviour under irradiation conditions as well as annealing recovery procedures, which have already been applied at several VVER NPP units in Europe.

  12. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Proficiency Testing on Small-Scale Safety and Thermal Testing of Improvised Explosives

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Reynolds, John; Sandstrom, Mary; Brown, Geoffrey; Warner, Kirstin; Phillips, Jason; Shelley, Timothy; Reyes, Jose; Hsu, Peter

    2013-06-01

    One of the first steps in establishing safe handling procedures for explosives is small-scale safety and thermal (SSST) testing. To better understand the response of improvised materials or HMEs to SSST testing, 18 HME materials were compared to 3 standard military explosives in a proficiency-type round robin study among five laboratories--2 DoD and 3 DOE--sponsored by DHS. The testing matrix has been designed to address problems encountered with improvised materials--powder mixtures, liquid suspensions, partially wetted solids, immiscible liquids, and reactive materials. Over 30 issues have been identified that indicate standard test methods may require modification when applied to HMEs to derive accurate sensitivity assessments needed for development safe handling and storage practices. This presentation will discuss experimental difficulties encountered when testing these problematic samples, show inter-laboratory testing results, show some statistical interpretation of the results, and highlight some of the testing issues. Some of the work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. LLNL-ABS-617519 (721812).

  13. Patch testing: facts and controversies.

    PubMed

    Wolf, Ronni; Orion, Edith; Ruocco, Vincenzo; Baroni, Adone; Ruocco, Eleonora

    2013-01-01

    The German dermatologist, Josef Jadassohn (1863-1936), first presented the results of his innovative patch-testing technique in 1895. The safety and efficacy of this diagnostic tool has stood the test of time and is still the gold standard for the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Since its discovery, much effort has been put into standardization and optimization of allergens, vehicles, and concentrations of patch-test materials; in procedures of its application; and in reading and scoring of test reactions--all contributing to the development of an accurate, reliable, and safe test with a high reproducibility of its results. Even this seemingly carved-in-stone practice, which has been used for nearly 120 years, has been questioned and challenged, engendering debates, disagreements, and controversies, which show no signs of coming to an end. Almost every step of the procedure has provoked discussions and controversies: Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  14. Cyclotron produced radiopharmaceuticals

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kopička, K.; Fišer, M.; Hradilek, P.; Hanč, P.; Lebeda, O.

    2003-01-01

    Some of the cyclotron-produced radionuclides may serve as important materials for the production of radiopharmaceuticals. This lecture deals with basic information relating to various aspects of these compounds. In comparison with radionuclides/compounds used for non-medical purposes, radiopharmaceuticals are subject to a broader scale of regulations, both from the safety and efficacy point of view; besides that, there are both radioactive and medical aspects that must be taken into account for any radiopharmaceutical. According to the regulations and in compliance with general rules of work with radioactivity, radiopharmaceuticals should only be prepared/manufactured under special conditions, using special areas and special equipment and applying special procedures (e.g. sterilisation, disinfection, aseptic work). Also, there are special procedures for cleaning and maintenance. Sometimes the requirements for the product safety clash with those for the safety of the personnel; several examples of solutions pertaining to these cases are given in the lecture. Also, the specific role of cyclotron radiopharmaceuticals is discussed.

  15. Analytical simulation of weld effects in creep range

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Dhalla, A. K.

    1985-01-01

    The inelastic analysis procedure used to investigate the effect of welding on the creep rupture strength of a typical Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor (LMFBR) nozzle is discussed. The current study is part of an overall experimental and analytical investigation to verify the inelastic analysis procedure now being used to design LMFBR structural components operating at elevated temperatures. Two important weld effects included in the numerical analysis are: (1) the residual stress introduced in the fabrication process; and (2) the time-independent and the time-dependent material property variations. Finite element inelastic analysis was performed on a CRAY-1S computer using the ABAQUS program with the constitutive equations developed for the design of LMFBR structural components. The predicted peak weld residual stresses relax by as much as 40% during elevated temperature operation, and their effect on creep-rupture cracking of the nozzle is considered of secondary importance.

  16. Radiant Heat Transfer Between Nongray Parallel Plates of Tungsten

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Branstetter, J. Robert

    1961-01-01

    Net radiant heat flow between two infinite, parallel, tungsten plates was computed by summing the monochromatic energy exchange; the results are graphically presented as a function of the temperatures of the two surfaces. In general these fluxes range from approximately a to 25 percent greater than the results of gray-body computations based on the same emissivity data. The selection of spectral emissivity data and the computational procedure are discussed. The present analytical procedure is so arranged that, as spectral emissivity data for a material become available, these data can be readily introduced into the NASA data-reduction equipment, which has been programmed to compute the net heat flux for the particular geometry and basic assumptions cited in the text. Nongray-body computational techniques for determining radiant heat flux appear practical provided the combination of select spectral emissivity data and the proper mechanized data-reduction equipment are brought to bear on the problem.

  17. Tools for Designing, Evaluating, and Certifying NextGen Technologies and Procedures: Automation Roles and Responsibilities

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kanki, Barbara G.

    2011-01-01

    Barbara Kanki from NASA Ames Research Center will discuss research that focuses on the collaborations between pilots, air traffic controllers and dispatchers that will change in NextGen systems as automation increases and roles and responsibilities change. The approach taken by this NASA Ames team is to build a collaborative systems assessment template (CSAT) based on detailed task descriptions within each system to establish a baseline of the current operations. The collaborative content and context are delineated through the review of regulatory and advisory materials, policies, procedures and documented practices as augmented by field observations and interviews. The CSAT is developed to aid the assessment of key human factors and performance tradeoffs that result from considering different collaborative arrangements under NextGen system changes. In theory, the CSAT product may be applied to any NextGen application (such as Trajectory Based Operations) with specified ground and aircraft capabilities.

  18. Effect of a multimedia-assisted informed consent procedure on the information gain, satisfaction, and anxiety of cataract surgery patients.

    PubMed

    Tipotsch-Maca, Saskia M; Varsits, Ralph M; Ginzel, Christian; Vecsei-Marlovits, Pia V

    2016-01-01

    To assess whether a multimedia-assisted preoperative informed consent procedure has an effect on patients' knowledge concerning cataract surgery, satisfaction with the informed consent process, and reduction in anxiety levels. Hietzing Hospital, Vienna, Austria. Prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. Patients participated in an informed consent procedure for age-related cataract surgery that included the standard approach only (reading the information brochure and having a standardized face-to-face discussion) or supplemented with a computer-animated video. The main outcome was information retention assessed by a questionnaire. Further outcome measures used were the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Visual Function-14 score, and an assessment of satisfaction. The study included 123 patients (64 in standard-only group; 59 in computer-animated video group). Both groups scored well on the questionnaire; however, patients who watched the video performed better (82% retention versus 72%) (P = .002). Scores tended to decrease with increasing age (r = -0.25, P = .005); however, this decrease was smaller in the group that watched the video. Both groups had elevated anxiety levels (means in video group: anxiety concerning the current situation [S-anxiety] = 63.8 ± 9.6 [SD], general tendency toward anxiety [T-anxiety] = 65.5 ± 7.9; means in control group: S-anxiety = 61.9 ± 10.3, T-anxiety = 66.2 ± 7.8). A high level of information retention was achieved using an informed consent procedure consisting of an information brochure and a standardized face-to-face discussion. A further increase in information retention was achieved, even with increasing patient age, by adding a multimedia presentation. No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned. Copyright © 2016 ASCRS and ESCRS. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  19. Recent developments in nickel electrode analysis

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Whiteley, Richard V.; Daman, M. E.; Kaiser, E. Q.

    1991-01-01

    Three aspects of nickel electrode analysis for Nickel-Hydrogen and Nickel-Cadmium battery cell applications are addressed: (1) the determination of active material; (2) charged state nickel (as NiOOH + CoOOH); and (3) potassium ion content in the electrode. Four deloading procedures are compared for completeness of active material removal, and deloading conditions for efficient active material analyses are established. Two methods for charged state nickel analysis are compared: the current NASA procedure and a new procedure based on the oxidation of sodium oxalate by the charged material. Finally, a method for determining potassium content in an electrode sample by flame photometry is presented along with analytical results illustrating differences in potassium levels from vendor to vendor and the effects of stress testing on potassium content in the electrode. The relevance of these analytical procedures to electrode performance is reviewed.

  20. Toward the Development of a Model to Estimate the Readability of Credentialing-Examination Materials

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Badgett, Barbara A.

    2010-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to develop a set of procedures to establish readability, including an equation, that accommodates the multiple-choice item format and occupational-specific language related to credentialing examinations. The procedures and equation should be appropriate for learning materials, examination materials, and occupational…

  1. 40 CFR 65.158 - Performance test procedures for control devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... regulated material or as TOC (minus methane and ethane) according to the procedures specified. (1) Method 1... material or TOC, sampling sites shall be located at the inlet of the control device as specified in the... sampling sites shall ensure the measurement of total regulated material or TOC (minus methane and ethane...

  2. 46 CFR 160.170-23 - Procedure for approval of design, material, or construction change.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Procedure for approval of design, material, or construction change. 160.170-23 Section 160.170-23 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Davit-Launched Liferaft Automatic Release Hooks ...

  3. 46 CFR 160.170-23 - Procedure for approval of design, material, or construction change.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Procedure for approval of design, material, or construction change. 160.170-23 Section 160.170-23 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Davit-Launched Liferaft Automatic Release Hooks ...

  4. Laser-Induced Damage Threshold and Certification Procedures for Optical Materials

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1997-01-01

    This document provides instructions for performing laser-induced-damage-threshold tests and pass-fail certification tests on optical materials used in pulsed-laser systems. The optical materials to which these procedures apply include coated and uncoated optical substrates, laser crystals, Q-switches, polarizers, and other optical components employed in pulsed-laser systems.

  5. Space Stirling Cryocooler Contamination Lessons Learned and Recommended Control Procedures

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Glaister, D. S.; Price, K.; Gully, W.; Castles, S.; Reilly, J.

    The most important characteristic of a space cryocooler is its reliability over a lifetime typically in excess of 7 years. While design improvements have reduced the probability of mechanical failure, the risk of internal contamination is still significant and has not been addressed in a consistent approach across the industry. A significant fraction of the endurance test and flight units have experienced some performance degradation related to internal contamination. The purpose of this paper is to describe and assess the contamination issues inside long life, space cryocoolers and to recommend procedures to minimize the probability of encountering contamination related failures and degradation. The paper covers the sources of contamination, the degradation and failure mechanisms, the theoretical and observed cryocooler sensitivity, and the recommended prevention procedures and their impact. We begin with a discussion of the contamination sources, both artificial and intrinsic. Next, the degradation and failure mechanisms are discussed in an attempt to arrive at a contaminant susceptibility, from which we can derive a contamination budget for the machine. This theoretical sensitivity is then compared with the observed sensitivity to illustrate the conservative nature of the assumed scenarios. A number of lessons learned on Raytheon, Ball, Air Force Research Laboratory, and NASA GSFC programs are shared to convey the practical aspects of the contamination problem. Then, the materials and processes required to meet the proposed budget are outlined. An attempt is made to present a survey of processes across industry.

  6. A pilot's opinion - VTOL control design requirements for the instrument approach task.

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Patton, J. M., Jr.

    1972-01-01

    This paper presents pilot opinion supported by test data concerning flight control and display concepts and control system design requirements for VTOL aircraft in the instrument approach task. Material presented is drawn from research flights in the following aircraft: Dornier DO-31, Short SC-1, LTV XC-142A, and Boeing-Vertol CH-46. The control system concepts and mechanizations employed in the above aircraft are discussed, and the effect of control system augmentation is shown on performance. Operational procedures required in the instrument approach task are described, with comments on need for automation and combining of control functions.

  7. Non-resonant zeugmatography with muons (μ SI) and radioactive isotopes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kaplan, N.; Kreitzman, S. R.; Schneider, J. W.; Brewer, J. H.; Hitti, B.

    1994-12-01

    The procedure of zeugmatographic imaging — hitherto implemented only with nuclear magnetic resonance to form the well known MRI technique — is examined with the aim of utilizing it also in combination with non resonant phenomena. It is shown that in principle, one may indeed use zeugmatographic schemes with Perturbed Angular Correlations (PAC) or with muon spin rotations ( μSR) to obtain image information from material bodies. The preliminary experimentation with zeugmatographic μ Spin Imaging scheme, ( μSI), will be described. Some μSI imaging results will be presented and the inherent limitations of the method will be discussed.

  8. Effects of Reflection Using the iPad on Students' Motivation to Learn Nursing Techniques.

    PubMed

    Saito, Yukie

    2016-01-01

    In technical nursing training, it is necessary for students to adopt extensive perspectives, focusing on not only the accuracy of manual procedures, but also surrounding environments, in order to appropriately evaluate their own practices. Therefore, based on the idea that students need opportunities to objectively evaluate their own practices and improve their learning levels, a method of reflection using videos recorded by themselves with the iPad was developed. These results highlight the importance of providing students with learning materials that will promote discussions, as well as opportunities for successful learning experiences.

  9. Key issues in application of composites to transport aircraft

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Stone, M.

    1978-01-01

    The application of composite materials to transport aircraft was identified and reviewed including the major contributing disciplines of design, manufacturing, and processing. Factors considered include: crashworthiness considerations (structural integrity, postcrash fires, and structural fusing), electrical/avionics subsystems integration, lightning, and P-static protection design; manufacturing development, evaluation, selection, and refining of tooling and curing procedures; and major joint design considerations. Development of the DC-10 rudder, DC-10 vertical stabilizer, and the DC-9 wing study project was reviewed. The Federal Aviation Administration interface and the effect on component design of compliance with Federal Aviation Regulation 25 Composite Guidelines are discussed.

  10. Hazards in the hospital.

    PubMed

    Seibert, P J

    1994-02-01

    In an earlier article (JAVMA, Jan 15, 1994), the author outlined some of the first steps necessary in establishing a hospital safety program that will comply with current Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines. One of the main concerns of the OSHA guidelines is that there be written plans for managing hazardous materials, performing dangerous jobs, and dealing with other potential safety problems. In this article, the author discusses potentially hazardous situations commonly found in veterinary practices and provides details on how to minimize the risks associated with those situations and how to implement safety procedures that will comply with the OSHA guidelines.

  11. First impressions count.

    PubMed

    Turner, Jonathan W; Moazzez, Rebecca; Banerjee, Avijit

    2012-09-01

    The art and craft of recording intra-oral anatomy successfully with dental impressions relies on the interaction of three critical factors--the 'golden triangle of impression-taking': an appreciation of the anatomical features to be recorded, the material used to take the impression and the clinical handling/operative technique applied. This paper aims to discuss the three factors and their inter-relationships, detailing clinical tips for successful, reproducible and consistent outcomes. Obtaining accurate dental impressions is the key to success in a wide range of clinical restorative procedures. This paper offers clinical advice to practitioners to plan and then take predictable, good quality impressions for their restorative cases.

  12. A method to estimate weight and dimensions of aircraft gas turbine engines. Volume 1: Method of analysis

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Pera, R. J.; Onat, E.; Klees, G. W.; Tjonneland, E.

    1977-01-01

    Weight and envelope dimensions of aircraft gas turbine engines are estimated within plus or minus 5% to 10% using a computer method based on correlations of component weight and design features of 29 data base engines. Rotating components are estimated by a preliminary design procedure where blade geometry, operating conditions, material properties, shaft speed, hub-tip ratio, etc., are the primary independent variables used. The development and justification of the method selected, the various methods of analysis, the use of the program, and a description of the input/output data are discussed.

  13. Shaped, lead-loaded acrylic filters for patient exposure reduction and image-quality improvement

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gray, J.E.; Stears, J.G.; Frank, E.D.

    1983-03-01

    Shaped filters that are constructed of lead-loaded acrylic material for use in patient radiography are discussed. Use of the filters will result in improved overall image quality with significant exposure reduction to the patient (approximately a 2X reduction in breast exposure and a 3X reduction in thyroid gland exposure). Detailed drawings of the shaped filters for scoliosis radiography, cervical spine radiography, and for long film changers in special procedures are provided. The use of the scoliosis filters is detailed and includes phantom and patient radiographs and dose reduction information.

  14. Design, analysis, fabrication and test of the Space Shuttle solid rocket booster motor case

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kapp, J. R.

    1978-01-01

    The motor case used in the solid propellant booster for the Space Shuttle is unique in many respects, most of which are indigenous to size and special design requirements. The evolution of the case design from initial requirements to finished product is discussed, with increased emphasis of reuse capability, special design features, fracture mechanics and corrosion control. Case fabrication history and the resulting procedure are briefly reviewed with respect to material development, processing techniques and special problem areas. Case assembly, behavior and performance during the DM-1 static firing are reviewed, with appropriate comments and conclusions.

  15. Slope Reinforcement with the Utilization of the Coal Waste Anthropogenic Material

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gwóźdź-Lasoń, Monika

    2017-10-01

    The protection of the environment, including waste management, is one of the pillars of the policy of the Europe. The application which is presented in that paper tries to show a trans-disciplinary way to design geotechnical constructions - slope stability analysis. The generally accepted principles that the author presents are numerous modelling patterns of earth retaining walls as slope stabilization system. The paper constitutes an attempt to summarise and generalise earlier researches which involved FEM numeric procedures and the Z_Soil package. The design of anthropogenic soil used as a material for reinforced earth retaining walls, are not only of commercial but of environmental importance as well and consistent with the concept of sustainable development and the need to redevelop brownfield. This paper tries to show conceptual and empirical modelling approaches to slope stability system used in anthropogenic soil formation such as heaps, resulting from mining, with a special focus on urban areas of South of Poland and perspectives of anthropogenic materials application in geotechnical engineering are discussed.

  16. Materials and techniques for spacecraft static charge control

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Amore, L. J.; Eagles, A. E.

    1977-01-01

    An overview of the design, development, fabrication, and testing of transparent conductive coatings and conductive lattices deposited or formed on high resistivity spacecraft dielectric materials to obtain control static charge buildup on spacecraft external surfaces is presented. Fabrication techniques for the deposition of indium/tin oxide coatings and copper grid networks on Kapton and FEP Teflon films and special frit coatings for OSR and solar cell cover glasses are discussed. The techniques include sputtering, photoetching, silkscreening, and mechanical processes. A facility designed and built to simulate the electron plasma at geosynchronous altitudes is described along with test procedures. The results of material characterizations as well as electron irradiation aging effects in this facility for spacecraft polymers treated to control static charge are presented. The data presents results for electron beam energies up to 30 kV and electron current densities of 30 nA/cm squared. Parameters measured include secondary emission, surface leakage, and through the sample currents as a function of primary beam energy and voltage.

  17. Third-generation pure alumina and alumina matrix composites in total hip arthroplasty: What is the evidence?

    PubMed

    Hannouche, Didier; Zingg, Matthieu; Miozzari, Hermes; Nizard, Remy; Lübbeke, Anne

    2018-01-01

    Wear, corrosion and periprosthetic osteolysis are important causes of failure in joint arthroplasty, especially in young patients.Ceramic bearings, developed 40 years ago, are an increasingly popular choice in hip arthroplasty. New manufacturing procedures have increased the strength and reliability of ceramic materials and reduced the risk of complications.In recent decades, ceramics made of pure alumina have continuously improved, resulting in a surgical-grade material that fulfills clinical requirements.Despite the track record of safety and long-term results, third-generation pure alumina ceramics are being replaced in clinical practice by alumina matrix composites, which are composed of alumina and zirconium.In this review, the characteristics of both materials are discussed, and the long-term results with third-generation alumina-on-alumina bearings and the associated complications are compared with those of other available ceramics. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3:7-14. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.170034.

  18. Development of potential candidate reference materials for drugs in bottom sediment, cod and herring tissues.

    PubMed

    Baranowska, Irena; Buszewski, Bogusław; Namieśnik, Jacek; Konieczka, Piotr; Magiera, Sylwia; Polkowska-Motrenko, Halina; Kościelniak, Paweł; Gadzała-Kopciuch, Renata; Woźniakiewicz, Aneta; Samczyński, Zbigniew; Kochańska, Kinga; Rutkowska, Małgorzata

    2017-02-01

    Regular use of a reference material and participation in a proficiency testing program can improve the reliability of analytical data. This paper presents the preparation of candidate reference materials for the drugs metoprolol, propranolol, carbamazepine, naproxen, and acenocoumarol in freshwater bottom sediment and cod and herring tissues. These reference materials are not available commercially. Drugs (between 7 ng/g and 32 ng/g) were added to the samples, and the spiked samples were freeze-dried, pulverized, sieved, homogenized, bottled, and sterilized by γ-irradiation to prepare the candidate materials. Procedures for extraction and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry were developed to determine the drugs of interest in the studied material. Each target drug was quantified using two analytical procedures, and the results obtained from these two procedures were in good agreement with each other. Stability and homogeneity assessments were performed, and the relative uncertainties due to instability (for an expiration date of 12 months) and inhomogeneity were 10-25% and 4.0-6.8%, respectively. These procedures will be useful in the future production of reference materials. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  19. Decomposition techniques

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Chao, T.T.; Sanzolone, R.F.

    1992-01-01

    Sample decomposition is a fundamental and integral step in the procedure of geochemical analysis. It is often the limiting factor to sample throughput, especially with the recent application of the fast and modern multi-element measurement instrumentation. The complexity of geological materials makes it necessary to choose the sample decomposition technique that is compatible with the specific objective of the analysis. When selecting a decomposition technique, consideration should be given to the chemical and mineralogical characteristics of the sample, elements to be determined, precision and accuracy requirements, sample throughput, technical capability of personnel, and time constraints. This paper addresses these concerns and discusses the attributes and limitations of many techniques of sample decomposition along with examples of their application to geochemical analysis. The chemical properties of reagents as to their function as decomposition agents are also reviewed. The section on acid dissolution techniques addresses the various inorganic acids that are used individually or in combination in both open and closed systems. Fluxes used in sample fusion are discussed. The promising microwave-oven technology and the emerging field of automation are also examined. A section on applications highlights the use of decomposition techniques for the determination of Au, platinum group elements (PGEs), Hg, U, hydride-forming elements, rare earth elements (REEs), and multi-elements in geological materials. Partial dissolution techniques used for geochemical exploration which have been treated in detail elsewhere are not discussed here; nor are fire-assaying for noble metals and decomposition techniques for X-ray fluorescence or nuclear methods be discussed. ?? 1992.

  20. Plasma dye coating as straightforward and widely applicable procedure for dye immobilization on polymeric materials.

    PubMed

    De Smet, Lieselot; Vancoillie, Gertjan; Minshall, Peter; Lava, Kathleen; Steyaert, Iline; Schoolaert, Ella; Van De Walle, Elke; Dubruel, Peter; De Clerck, Karen; Hoogenboom, Richard

    2018-03-16

    Here, we introduce a novel concept for the fabrication of colored materials with significantly reduced dye leaching through covalent immobilization of the desired dye using plasma-generated surface radicals. This plasma dye coating (PDC) procedure immobilizes a pre-adsorbed layer of a dye functionalized with a radical sensitive group on the surface through radical addition caused by a short plasma treatment. The non-specific nature of the plasma-generated surface radicals allows for a wide variety of dyes including azobenzenes and sulfonphthaleins, functionalized with radical sensitive groups to avoid significant dye degradation, to be combined with various materials including PP, PE, PA6, cellulose, and PTFE. The wide applicability, low consumption of dye, relatively short procedure time, and the possibility of continuous PDC using an atmospheric plasma reactor make this procedure economically interesting for various applications ranging from simple coloring of a material to the fabrication of chromic sensor fabrics as demonstrated by preparing a range of halochromic materials.

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