Sample records for maximum extent practicable

  1. 48 CFR 44.402 - Policy requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... simplified acquisition threshold, the contractor shall, to the maximum extent practicable, conduct market research to determine— (1) If commercial items or, to the extent commercial items suitable to meet the...

  2. 49 CFR 130.5 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103. Copies may be.... Maximum extent practicable means the limits of available technology and the practical and technical limits...

  3. 49 CFR 130.5 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103. Copies may be.... Maximum extent practicable means the limits of available technology and the practical and technical limits...

  4. Transfer of piano practice in fast performance of skilled finger movements.

    PubMed

    Furuya, Shinichi; Nakamura, Ayumi; Nagata, Noriko

    2013-11-01

    Transfer of learning facilitates the efficient mastery of various skills without practicing all possible sensory-motor repertoires. The present study assessed whether motor practice at a submaximal speed, which is typical in sports and music performance, results in an increase in a maximum speed of finger movements of trained and untrained skills. Piano practice of sequential finger movements at a submaximal speed over days progressively increased the maximum speed of trained movements. This increased maximum speed of finger movements was maintained two months after the practice. The learning transferred within the hand to some extent, but not across the hands. The present study confirmed facilitation of fast finger movements following a piano practice at a submaximal speed. In addition, the findings indicated the intra-manual transfer effects of piano practice on the maximum speed of skilled finger movements.

  5. 48 CFR 13.104 - Promoting competition.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... cost of the purchase. (a) The contracting officer must not— (1) Solicit quotations based on personal... practicable competition ordinarily can be obtained by soliciting quotations or offers from sources within the... the maximum extent practicable. Whenever practicable, request quotations or offers from two sources...

  6. Transfer of piano practice in fast performance of skilled finger movements

    PubMed Central

    2013-01-01

    Background Transfer of learning facilitates the efficient mastery of various skills without practicing all possible sensory-motor repertoires. The present study assessed whether motor practice at a submaximal speed, which is typical in sports and music performance, results in an increase in a maximum speed of finger movements of trained and untrained skills. Results Piano practice of sequential finger movements at a submaximal speed over days progressively increased the maximum speed of trained movements. This increased maximum speed of finger movements was maintained two months after the practice. The learning transferred within the hand to some extent, but not across the hands. Conclusions The present study confirmed facilitation of fast finger movements following a piano practice at a submaximal speed. In addition, the findings indicated the intra-manual transfer effects of piano practice on the maximum speed of skilled finger movements. PMID:24175946

  7. 78 FR 9908 - Notice of Availability of the Draft Issuance of the Small Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-12

    ... significant factual, legal, methodological and policy questions considered in the development of the draft... maximum extent practicable, including management practices, control techniques, and system, design [[Page... that implementation of best management practices (BMPs) designed to control storm water runoff from the...

  8. 33 CFR 154.2100 - Vapor control system, general.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... be constructed to acceptable engineering standards and have the appropriate mechanical strength to... hazards, sources of ignition, and mechanical damage to the maximum practicable extent. Each remaining...

  9. 33 CFR 151.1511 - Ballast water discharge standard (BWDS).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Ballast Water Management for Control of Nonindigenous Species in the... maximum extent practicable that aquatic nuisance species are not discharged into waters of the United..., practicable, and/or may possibly prevent the introduction and spread of non-indigenous aquatic invasive...

  10. 33 CFR 151.1511 - Ballast water discharge standard (BWDS).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Ballast Water Management for Control of Nonindigenous Species in the... maximum extent practicable that aquatic nuisance species are not discharged into waters of the United..., practicable, and/or may possibly prevent the introduction and spread of non-indigenous aquatic invasive...

  11. 33 CFR 151.1511 - Ballast water discharge standard (BWDS).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Ballast Water Management for Control of Nonindigenous Species in the... maximum extent practicable that aquatic nuisance species are not discharged into waters of the United..., practicable, and/or may possibly prevent the introduction and spread of non-indigenous aquatic invasive...

  12. 24 CFR 941.203 - Design and construction standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... with children shall consist to the maximum extent practicable of low-density housing (e.g., non-elevator structures, scattered sites or other types of low-density developments appropriate in the... density, unless the PHA demonstrates and HUD determines that there is no practical alternative. High-rise...

  13. 48 CFR 2807.102 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... contracting activities shall perform acquisition planning and conduct market research for all acquisitions in..., nondevelopmental items to the maximum extent practicable. (2) The degree of planning and market research may vary...

  14. 48 CFR 2807.102 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... contracting activities shall perform acquisition planning and conduct market research for all acquisitions in..., nondevelopmental items to the maximum extent practicable. (2) The degree of planning and market research may vary...

  15. 40 CFR 60.57b - Siting requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... on ambient air quality, visibility, soils, and vegetation. (2) The analysis shall consider air pollution control alternatives that minimize, on a site-specific basis, to the maximum extent practicable...

  16. Greener Cleanups

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    OSWER’s goal is to reduce the environmental footprint of cleanup activities at contaminated sites to the maximum extent possible. This website shares policies, tools and practices to achieve that goal across cleanup programs.

  17. 48 CFR 217.7402 - Exceptions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... maximum extent practicable (also see paragraph (b) of this section): (1) UCAs for foreign military sales...) Congressionally mandated long-lead procurement contracts. (b) If the contracting officer determines that it is...

  18. 32 CFR 9.6 - Conduct of the trial.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... maximum extent practicable. Photography, video, or audio broadcasting, or recording of or at Commission proceedings shall be prohibited, except photography, video, and audio recording by the Commission pursuant to...

  19. 32 CFR 9.6 - Conduct of the trial.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... maximum extent practicable. Photography, video, or audio broadcasting, or recording of or at Commission proceedings shall be prohibited, except photography, video, and audio recording by the Commission pursuant to...

  20. 48 CFR 32.604 - Demand for payment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... distribution of the principal amount of the debt by line(s) of accounting subject to the following: (i) If the debt affects multiple lines of accounting, the contracting officer shall, to the maximum extent practicable, identify all affected lines of accounting. If it is not practicable to identify all affected...

  1. 7 CFR 1955.63 - Suitability determination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... found in § 1955.53. (b) Grouping and subdividing farm properties. To the maximum extent practicable, the... which is obsolete due to location, design, construction or age. (5) A dwelling which requires major...

  2. 48 CFR 252.227-7024 - Notice and approval of restricted designs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... the performance of this contract, the Contractor shall, to the extent practicable, make maximum use of structures, machines, products, materials, construction methods, and equipment that are readily available...

  3. 15 CFR 922.142 - Prohibited or otherwise regulated activities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... maximum extent practicable any advance impact on Sanctuary resources and qualities. Civil engineering and other civil works projects conducted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers are excluded from the scope of...

  4. 20 CFR 641.881 - What are the SCSEP recipient's responsibilities relating to awards to sub-recipients?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... TRAINING ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR PROVISIONS GOVERNING THE SENIOR COMMUNITY SERVICE EMPLOYMENT... are conducted in a manner to provide, to the maximum extent practicable, full and open competition in...

  5. Competition for Assistance Agreements

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    It is EPA policy to promote competition in the award of assistance agreements to the maximum extent practicable.When assistance agreements are awarded competitively, it is EPA policy that the competitive process be fair and open & that no applicant receive

  6. INVENTORY OF TREATABILITY STUDY VENDORS - VOLUME 1

    EPA Science Inventory

    The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) amendments mandate the use of permanent solutions to the maximum extent practicable when remediating Superfund sites. Fundamental to achieving this goal is the use of treatment technologies that red...

  7. INVENTORY OF TREATABILITY STUDY VENDORS - VOLUME 2

    EPA Science Inventory

    The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) amendments mandate the use of permanent solutions to the maximum extent practicable when remediating Superfund sites. Fundamental to achieving this goal is the use of treatment technologies that r...

  8. How to Apply for Grants

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    A large part of EPA's mission to protect the environment and public health is accomplished by awarding grants and cooperative agreements. It is EPA's policy to promote competition in the award of assistance agreements to the maximum extent practicable.

  9. 40 CFR 49.10711 - Federal Implementation Plan for the Astaris-Idaho LLC Facility (formerly owned by FMC Corporation...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... this section and associated air pollution control equipment, in a manner consistent with good air... practices. (iii) To the maximum extent practicable the air pollution control equipment or processes were..., considering the effect of any proposed air pollution control equipment; and (D) A description of any PM-10...

  10. 48 CFR 570.202 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Policy. 570.202 Section 570.202 Federal Acquisition Regulations System GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION SPECIAL CONTRACTING... Policy. Use simplified lease acquisition procedures to the maximum extent practicable for actions at or...

  11. Clean Water Act Section 404(q):Memorandum of Agreement

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    A memorandum of agreement between EPA and the Army Corps of Engineers to minimize, to the maximum extent practicable, duplication, needless paperwork and delays in the issuance of permits related to Section 404(q) of the Clean Water Act.

  12. 33 CFR 151.2030 - Ballast water discharge standard (BWDS).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... possibly prevent the introduction and spread of non-indigenous aquatic invasive species. ... COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Ballast Water Management for Control of Nonindigenous Species in Waters... maximum extent practicable that aquatic nuisance species are not discharged into waters of the United...

  13. 33 CFR 151.2030 - Ballast water discharge standard (BWDS).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... possibly prevent the introduction and spread of non-indigenous aquatic invasive species. ... COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Ballast Water Management for Control of Nonindigenous Species in Waters... maximum extent practicable that aquatic nuisance species are not discharged into waters of the United...

  14. 33 CFR 151.2030 - Ballast water discharge standard (BWDS).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... possibly prevent the introduction and spread of non-indigenous aquatic invasive species. ... COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Ballast Water Management for Control of Nonindigenous Species in Waters... maximum extent practicable that aquatic nuisance species are not discharged into waters of the United...

  15. 50 CFR 424.14 - Petitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A LISTING ENDANGERED AND THREATENED SPECIES... a petition within 30 days. (b) Petitions to list, delist, or reclassify species. (1) To the maximum extent practicable, within 90 days of receiving a petition to list, delist, or reclassify a species, the...

  16. 50 CFR 424.14 - Petitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A LISTING ENDANGERED AND THREATENED SPECIES... a petition within 30 days. (b) Petitions to list, delist, or reclassify species. (1) To the maximum extent practicable, within 90 days of receiving a petition to list, delist, or reclassify a species, the...

  17. 40 CFR 63.562 - Standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... barrels per day; and (C) For 1997, 1,445,000 barrels per day. (ii) Maximum extent practicable means that... (thermocouples, pressure transducers, continuous emissions monitors (CEMS), etc.) variances. (i) The plan shall... monitoring equipment functions properly and variances of the control equipment and monitoring equipment are...

  18. 40 CFR 60.4805 - What is a siting analysis?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... siting analysis must consider air pollution control alternatives that minimize, on a site-specific basis, to the maximum extent practicable, potential risks to public health or the environment, including... Section 60.4805 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS...

  19. 40 CFR 60.4805 - What is a siting analysis?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... siting analysis must consider air pollution control alternatives that minimize, on a site-specific basis, to the maximum extent practicable, potential risks to public health or the environment, including... Section 60.4805 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS...

  20. 40 CFR 60.4805 - What is a siting analysis?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... siting analysis must consider air pollution control alternatives that minimize, on a site-specific basis, to the maximum extent practicable, potential risks to public health or the environment, including... Section 60.4805 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS...

  1. 50 CFR 424.14 - Petitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A LISTING ENDANGERED AND THREATENED SPECIES... a petition within 30 days. (b) Petitions to list, delist, or reclassify species. (1) To the maximum extent practicable, within 90 days of receiving a petition to list, delist, or reclassify a species, the...

  2. 50 CFR 424.14 - Petitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... COMMERCE); ENDANGERED SPECIES COMMITTEE REGULATIONS SUBCHAPTER A LISTING ENDANGERED AND THREATENED SPECIES... a petition within 30 days. (b) Petitions to list, delist, or reclassify species. (1) To the maximum extent practicable, within 90 days of receiving a petition to list, delist, or reclassify a species, the...

  3. 48 CFR 13.003 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... acquisition procedures to the maximum extent practicable for all purchases of supplies or services not exceeding the simplified acquisition threshold (including purchases at or below the micro-purchase threshold... under part 8 (e.g., Federal Prison Industries, Committee for Purchase from People Who are Blind or...

  4. 48 CFR 2901.603-70 - Responsibility of other government personnel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... and open competition are satisfied to the maximum extent practicable. Sole source purchases may only... LABOR GENERAL DEPARTMENT OF LABOR ACQUISITION REGULATION SYSTEM Career Development, Contracting... being overly restrictive in accordance with FAR 11.002; (2) Competitive sources are solicited, evaluated...

  5. 15 CFR 922.142 - Prohibited or otherwise regulated activities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Sanctuary and injures a Sanctuary resource or quality. (2) Exploring for, developing or producing industrial... maximum extent practicable any advance impact on Sanctuary resources and qualities. Civil engineering and... industrial materials within the Sanctuary, or the disposal of dredged materials within the Sanctuary (except...

  6. 15 CFR 922.142 - Prohibited or otherwise regulated activities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Sanctuary and injures a Sanctuary resource or quality. (2) Exploring for, developing or producing industrial... maximum extent practicable any advance impact on Sanctuary resources and qualities. Civil engineering and... industrial materials within the Sanctuary, or the disposal of dredged materials within the Sanctuary (except...

  7. 15 CFR 922.142 - Prohibited or otherwise regulated activities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Sanctuary and injures a Sanctuary resource or quality. (2) Exploring for, developing or producing industrial... maximum extent practicable any advance impact on Sanctuary resources and qualities. Civil engineering and... industrial materials within the Sanctuary, or the disposal of dredged materials within the Sanctuary (except...

  8. 48 CFR 19.202-2 - Locating small business sources.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Locating small business... SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Policies 19.202-2 Locating small business sources. The contracting officer must, to the extent practicable, encourage maximum participation by small business...

  9. 48 CFR 19.202-2 - Locating small business sources.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Locating small business... SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Policies 19.202-2 Locating small business sources. The contracting officer must, to the extent practicable, encourage maximum participation by small business...

  10. 48 CFR 19.202-2 - Locating small business sources.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Locating small business... SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Policies 19.202-2 Locating small business sources. The contracting officer must, to the extent practicable, encourage maximum participation by small business...

  11. 48 CFR 19.202-2 - Locating small business sources.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Locating small business... SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Policies 19.202-2 Locating small business sources. The contracting officer must, to the extent practicable, encourage maximum participation by small business...

  12. 48 CFR 19.202-2 - Locating small business sources.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Locating small business... SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Policies 19.202-2 Locating small business sources. The contracting officer must, to the extent practicable, encourage maximum participation by small business...

  13. 48 CFR 319.202-2 - Locating small business sources.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Locating small business... SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Policies 319.202-2 Locating small business sources. (a) OPDIVs shall foster, to the extent practicable, maximum participation by small businesses in HHS acquisitions...

  14. 12 CFR 1207.21 - Equal opportunity in employment and contracting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... MINORITY AND WOMEN INCLUSION Minority and Women Inclusion and Diversity at Regulated Entities and the... maximum extent possible in balance with financially safe and sound business practices, the inclusion and... direction of the officer immediately responsible for directing the Office of Minority and Women Inclusion...

  15. 12 CFR 1207.21 - Equal opportunity in employment and contracting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... MINORITY AND WOMEN INCLUSION Minority and Women Inclusion and Diversity at Regulated Entities and the... maximum extent possible in balance with financially safe and sound business practices, the inclusion and... direction of the officer immediately responsible for directing the Office of Minority and Women Inclusion...

  16. 12 CFR 1207.21 - Equal opportunity in employment and contracting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... OPERATIONS MINORITY AND WOMEN INCLUSION Minority and Women Inclusion and Diversity at Regulated Entities and... maximum extent possible in balance with financially safe and sound business practices, the inclusion and... direction of the officer immediately responsible for directing the Office of Minority and Women Inclusion...

  17. 15 CFR 930.32 - Consistent to the maximum extent practicable.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FEDERAL CONSISTENCY WITH APPROVED COASTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS Consistency for... management programs unless full consistency is prohibited by existing law applicable to the Federal agency. (2) Section 307(e) of the Act does not relieve Federal agencies of the consistency requirements under...

  18. 48 CFR 19.705-4 - Reviewing the subcontracting plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... disadvantaged business, and women-owned small business subcontractors to the maximum practicable extent. The..., service-disabled veteran-owned small business, HUBZone small business, or women-owned small business... women-owned small business concerns. If information is not available on a specific type of product or...

  19. 48 CFR 19.705-4 - Reviewing the subcontracting plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... disadvantaged business, and women-owned small business subcontractors to the maximum practicable extent. The..., service-disabled veteran-owned small business, HUBZone small business, or women-owned small business... women-owned small business concerns. If information is not available on a specific type of product or...

  20. 48 CFR 319.202-2 - Locating small business sources.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Locating small business... SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Policies 319.202-2 Locating small business sources. (a) OPDIVs shall foster, to the extent practicable, maximum participation by small businesses in HHS acquisitions...

  1. 48 CFR 319.202-2 - Locating small business sources.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Locating small business... SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Policies 319.202-2 Locating small business sources. (a) OPDIVs shall foster, to the extent practicable, maximum participation by small businesses in HHS acquisitions...

  2. 48 CFR 319.202-2 - Locating small business sources.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Locating small business... SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Policies 319.202-2 Locating small business sources. (a) OPDIVs shall foster, to the extent practicable, maximum participation by small businesses in HHS acquisitions...

  3. 48 CFR 319.202-2 - Locating small business sources.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Locating small business... SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Policies 319.202-2 Locating small business sources. (a) OPDIVs shall foster, to the extent practicable, maximum participation by small businesses in HHS acquisitions...

  4. 13 CFR 303.8 - Requirements for State plans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... COMMERCE PLANNING INVESTMENTS AND COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES § 303.8 Requirements for State plans. (a) As a condition of a State receiving a Planning Investment: (1) The State must have or... Investment Assistance must, to the maximum extent practicable, be developed cooperatively by the State...

  5. 48 CFR 2901.603-70 - Responsibility of other government personnel.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... buying process, and execution of the contract rests with the contracting officer. (b) Personnel... obligation. However, DOL personnel who must use the contracting process to accomplish their programs must... and open competition are satisfied to the maximum extent practicable. Sole source purchases may only...

  6. 10 CFR 600.143 - Competition.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Competition. 600.143 Section 600.143 Energy DEPARTMENT OF... Nonprofit Organizations Post-Award Requirements § 600.143 Competition. All procurement transactions shall be conducted in a manner to provide, to the maximum extent practical, open and free competition. The recipient...

  7. 48 CFR 33.204 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    .... Agencies are encouraged to use ADR procedures to the maximum extent practicable. Certain factors, however, may make the use of ADR inappropriate (see 5 U.S.C. 572(b)). Except for arbitration conducted pursuant... which is separate from that provided by the ADRA to use ADR procedures to resolve issues in controversy...

  8. 48 CFR 33.204 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    .... Agencies are encouraged to use ADR procedures to the maximum extent practicable. Certain factors, however, may make the use of ADR inappropriate (see 5 U.S.C. 572(b)). Except for arbitration conducted pursuant... which is separate from that provided by the ADRA to use ADR procedures to resolve issues in controversy...

  9. 50 CFR 17.40 - Special rules-mammals.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... limited to the following, and must be conducted in a way that impacts to nontarget plants are avoided to... that impacts to nontarget plants are avoided to the maximum extent practicable: (i) Mowing; (ii...) [Reserved] (e) African elephant (Loxodonta africana)—(1) Definitions. For the purposes of this paragraph (e...

  10. 46 CFR 67.177 - Application for foreign rebuilding determination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... rebuilt when work performed on its hull or superstructure constitutes a quantum of work determined, to the... be considered rebuilt when work performed on its hull or superstructure constitutes a quantum of work... superstructure constitutes a quantum of work determined, to the maximum extent practicable, to be comparable to 7...

  11. 46 CFR 67.177 - Application for foreign rebuilding determination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... rebuilt when work performed on its hull or superstructure constitutes a quantum of work determined, to the... be considered rebuilt when work performed on its hull or superstructure constitutes a quantum of work... superstructure constitutes a quantum of work determined, to the maximum extent practicable, to be comparable to 7...

  12. 46 CFR 67.177 - Application for foreign rebuilding determination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... rebuilt when work performed on its hull or superstructure constitutes a quantum of work determined, to the... be considered rebuilt when work performed on its hull or superstructure constitutes a quantum of work... superstructure constitutes a quantum of work determined, to the maximum extent practicable, to be comparable to 7...

  13. 46 CFR 67.177 - Application for foreign rebuilding determination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... rebuilt when work performed on its hull or superstructure constitutes a quantum of work determined, to the... be considered rebuilt when work performed on its hull or superstructure constitutes a quantum of work... superstructure constitutes a quantum of work determined, to the maximum extent practicable, to be comparable to 7...

  14. 21 CFR 861.5 - Statement of policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Statement of policy. 861.5 Section 861.5 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES... duties under this section, the Food and Drug Administration will, to the maximum extent practical: (a...

  15. 7 CFR 1435.503 - In-kind payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS SUGAR PROGRAM Processor Sugar Payment-In-Kind..., make payments in the form of sugar held in CCC inventory. (b) To the maximum extent practicable, CCC... sugar held in storage by the processor; (2) CCC-owned sugar held in storage by any other processor in...

  16. 12 CFR 1207.2 - Policy, purpose, and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... INCLUSION (Eff. Jan. 27, 2011) General § 1207.2 Policy, purpose, and scope. (a) General policy. FHFA's policy is to promote non-discrimination, diversity and, at a minimum, the inclusion of women, minorities... maximum extent possible in balance with financially safe and sound business practices, the inclusion and...

  17. 48 CFR 12.302 - Tailoring of provisions and clauses for the acquisition of commercial items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... relative volume of the Government's acquisitions in the specific market, contracting officers may, within the limitations of this subpart, and after conducting appropriate market research, tailor the... established in this subpart are intended to address, to the maximum extent practicable, commercial market...

  18. 48 CFR 12.302 - Tailoring of provisions and clauses for the acquisition of commercial items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... relative volume of the Government's acquisitions in the specific market, contracting officers may, within the limitations of this subpart, and after conducting appropriate market research, tailor the... established in this subpart are intended to address, to the maximum extent practicable, commercial market...

  19. 46 CFR 67.177 - Application for foreign rebuilding determination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... rebuilt when work performed on its hull or superstructure constitutes a quantum of work determined, to the... be considered rebuilt when work performed on its hull or superstructure constitutes a quantum of work... superstructure constitutes a quantum of work determined, to the maximum extent practicable, to be comparable to 7...

  20. 49 CFR 453.3 - Detention orders and other orders.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... OF HOMELAND SECURITY SAFETY APPROVAL OF CARGO CONTAINERS CONTROL AND ENFORCEMENT § 453.3 Detention... maximum extent practicable, make provisions to avoid loss or damage to cargo. (b) Written notice of any..., or other person having actual control over the container involved. Prompt notification is also given...

  1. 49 CFR 453.3 - Detention orders and other orders.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... OF HOMELAND SECURITY SAFETY APPROVAL OF CARGO CONTAINERS CONTROL AND ENFORCEMENT § 453.3 Detention... maximum extent practicable, make provisions to avoid loss or damage to cargo. (b) Written notice of any..., or other person having actual control over the container involved. Prompt notification is also given...

  2. 49 CFR 453.3 - Detention orders and other orders.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... OF HOMELAND SECURITY SAFETY APPROVAL OF CARGO CONTAINERS CONTROL AND ENFORCEMENT § 453.3 Detention... maximum extent practicable, make provisions to avoid loss or damage to cargo. (b) Written notice of any..., or other person having actual control over the container involved. Prompt notification is also given...

  3. 49 CFR 453.3 - Detention orders and other orders.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... OF HOMELAND SECURITY SAFETY APPROVAL OF CARGO CONTAINERS CONTROL AND ENFORCEMENT § 453.3 Detention... maximum extent practicable, make provisions to avoid loss or damage to cargo. (b) Written notice of any..., or other person having actual control over the container involved. Prompt notification is also given...

  4. 49 CFR 453.3 - Detention orders and other orders.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... OF HOMELAND SECURITY SAFETY APPROVAL OF CARGO CONTAINERS CONTROL AND ENFORCEMENT § 453.3 Detention... maximum extent practicable, make provisions to avoid loss or damage to cargo. (b) Written notice of any..., or other person having actual control over the container involved. Prompt notification is also given...

  5. SETTING A GOAL FOR TPH THAT ELIMINATES FREE PRODUCT IN WELLS

    EPA Science Inventory

    The U.S. EPA expects that remedial action at UST sites will reduce free product in monitoring wells to the maximum extent practicable. How much active treatment is necessary to ensure that free product will not accumulate in a monitoring well? The concentration of TPH that will...

  6. 10 CFR 1045.32 - Authorities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... of RD and FRD documents. (1) To the maximum extent practical, all RD and FRD documents shall be...) Only individuals designated as RD classifiers may classify RD and FRD documents, except within the DoD. Within the DoD, any individual with access to RD and FRD who has been trained may classify RD and FRD...

  7. 10 CFR 1045.32 - Authorities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... of RD and FRD documents. (1) To the maximum extent practical, all RD and FRD documents shall be...) Only individuals designated as RD classifiers may classify RD and FRD documents, except within the DoD. Within the DoD, any individual with access to RD and FRD who has been trained may classify RD and FRD...

  8. 10 CFR 1045.32 - Authorities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... of RD and FRD documents. (1) To the maximum extent practical, all RD and FRD documents shall be...) Only individuals designated as RD classifiers may classify RD and FRD documents, except within the DoD. Within the DoD, any individual with access to RD and FRD who has been trained may classify RD and FRD...

  9. 10 CFR 1045.32 - Authorities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... of RD and FRD documents. (1) To the maximum extent practical, all RD and FRD documents shall be...) Only individuals designated as RD classifiers may classify RD and FRD documents, except within the DoD. Within the DoD, any individual with access to RD and FRD who has been trained may classify RD and FRD...

  10. 43 CFR 404.28 - Is it possible to expedite the completion of an appraisal investigation or feasibility study?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... of an appraisal investigation or feasibility study? 404.28 Section 404.28 Public Lands: Interior... or feasibility study? Yes. If Reclamation determines that a community or groups of communities to be..., to the maximum extent practicable, expedite appraisal investigations and reports and feasibility...

  11. 33 CFR 320.3 - Related laws.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... operation of the facility. (b) Section 307(c) of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended (16 U.S..., directly affecting a state's coastal zone, to comply to the maximum extent practicable with an approved state coastal zone management program. Indian tribes doing work on federal lands will be treated as a...

  12. 33 CFR 320.3 - Related laws.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... operation of the facility. (b) Section 307(c) of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended (16 U.S..., directly affecting a state's coastal zone, to comply to the maximum extent practicable with an approved state coastal zone management program. Indian tribes doing work on federal lands will be treated as a...

  13. 32 CFR 22.305 - General policy and requirement for competition.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... of higher education). (2) To the maximum extent practicable in all cases where not required by... 32 National Defense 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false General policy and requirement for competition... General policy and requirement for competition. (a) It is DoD policy to maximize use of competition in the...

  14. 32 CFR 22.305 - General policy and requirement for competition.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... of higher education). (2) To the maximum extent practicable in all cases where not required by... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false General policy and requirement for competition... General policy and requirement for competition. (a) It is DoD policy to maximize use of competition in the...

  15. 32 CFR 22.305 - General policy and requirement for competition.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... of higher education). (2) To the maximum extent practicable in all cases where not required by... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false General policy and requirement for competition... General policy and requirement for competition. (a) It is DoD policy to maximize use of competition in the...

  16. 32 CFR 22.305 - General policy and requirement for competition.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... of higher education). (2) To the maximum extent practicable in all cases where not required by... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false General policy and requirement for competition... General policy and requirement for competition. (a) It is DoD policy to maximize use of competition in the...

  17. 32 CFR 22.305 - General policy and requirement for competition.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... of higher education). (2) To the maximum extent practicable in all cases where not required by... 32 National Defense 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false General policy and requirement for competition... General policy and requirement for competition. (a) It is DoD policy to maximize use of competition in the...

  18. 48 CFR 52.244-6 - Subcontracts for Commercial Items.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... (FEB 2006) (46 U.S.C. App. 1241 and 10 U.S.C. 2631), if flow down is required in accordance with.... (e) To the maximum extent practicable, when the Contractor acts as a purchasing agent for the Government with respect to a purchase that exceeds the simplified acquisition threshold, the Contractor shall...

  19. 48 CFR 873.111 - Acquisition strategies for health-care resources.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... sources to promote competition to the maximum extent practicable and to ensure that the purchase is advantageous to the Government, based, as appropriate, on either price alone or price and other factors (e.g... the initial down-select decision. The notice may also inform offerors of the evaluation criteria or...

  20. 33 CFR 320.3 - Related laws.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... operation of the facility. (b) Section 307(c) of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended (16 U.S..., directly affecting a state's coastal zone, to comply to the maximum extent practicable with an approved state coastal zone management program. Indian tribes doing work on federal lands will be treated as a...

  1. 40 CFR 280.64 - Free product removal.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Free product removal. 280.64 Section... Substances § 280.64 Free product removal. At sites where investigations under § 280.62(a)(6) indicate the presence of free product, owners and operators must remove free product to the maximum extent practicable...

  2. 7 CFR 1435.503 - In-kind payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... (PIK) Program § 1435.503 In-kind payments. (a) CCC will, through such methods as CCC deems appropriate, make payments in the form of sugar held in CCC inventory. (b) To the maximum extent practicable, CCC will use its inventory in making an in-kind payment based on the following priority: (1) CCC-owned...

  3. 7 CFR 1435.503 - In-kind payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... (PIK) Program § 1435.503 In-kind payments. (a) CCC will, through such methods as CCC deems appropriate, make payments in the form of sugar held in CCC inventory. (b) To the maximum extent practicable, CCC will use its inventory in making an in-kind payment based on the following priority: (1) CCC-owned...

  4. 7 CFR 1435.503 - In-kind payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... (PIK) Program § 1435.503 In-kind payments. (a) CCC will, through such methods as CCC deems appropriate, make payments in the form of sugar held in CCC inventory. (b) To the maximum extent practicable, CCC will use its inventory in making an in-kind payment based on the following priority: (1) CCC-owned...

  5. 7 CFR 1435.503 - In-kind payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... (PIK) Program § 1435.503 In-kind payments. (a) CCC will, through such methods as CCC deems appropriate, make payments in the form of sugar held in CCC inventory. (b) To the maximum extent practicable, CCC will use its inventory in making an in-kind payment based on the following priority: (1) CCC-owned...

  6. Global assessment of urban and peri-urban agriculture: irrigated and rainfed croplands

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Thebo, A. L.; Drechsel, P.; Lambin, E. F.

    2014-11-01

    The role of urban agriculture in global food security is a topic of increasing discussion. Existing research on urban and peri-urban agriculture consists largely of case studies that frequently use disparate definitions of urban and peri-urban agriculture depending on the local context and study objectives. This lack of consistency makes quantification of the extent of this practice at the global scale difficult. This study instead integrates global data on croplands and urban extents using spatial overlay analysis to estimate the global area of urban and peri-urban irrigated and rainfed croplands. The global area of urban irrigated croplands was estimated at about 24 Mha (11.0 percent of all irrigated croplands) with a cropping intensity of 1.48. The global area of urban rainfed croplands found was approximately 44 Mha (4.7 percent of all rainfed croplands) with a cropping intensity of 1.03. These values were derived from the MIRCA2000 Maximum Monthly Cropped Area Grids for irrigated and rainfed crops and therefore their sum does not necessarily represent the total urban cropland area when the maximum extent of irrigated and rainfed croplands occurs in different months. Further analysis of croplands within 20 km of urban extents show that 60 and 35 percent of, respectively, all irrigated and rainfed croplands fall within this distance range.

  7. Phase II Private Sector Financed Military Family Housing Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2004-06-01

    collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and...of Proposed Action and Alternatives Phase II Private Sector Financed Military Family Housing 2-11 Existing mature trees within the housing area...would be retained in place to the maximum extent practicable. Removal of mature trees would be avoided wherever possible in order to retain the

  8. An Assessment Tool of Performance Based Logistics Appropriateness

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-03-01

    weighted tool score. The reason might be the willing to use PBL as an acquisition method . There is an 8.51% positive difference is present. Figure 20 shows...performance-based acquisition methods to the maximum extent practicable when acquiring services with little exclusion’ is mandated. Although PBL...determines the factors affecting the success in selecting PBL as an acquisition method . Each factor is examined in detail and built into a spreadsheet tool

  9. NASA's university program: Active grants and research contracts, fiscal year 1978

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1978-01-01

    As basic policy NASA believes that colleges and universities should be encouraged to participate in the space and aeronautics program to the maximum extent practicable. The NASA objective is to have them bring their scientific, engineering, and social research competence to bear on aerospace problems and on the broader social, economic, and international implications of NASA technical and scientific programs. This annual report is one means of documenting the NASA-university relationship, frequently denoted, collectively, as NASA University Program.

  10. Recalculated Areas for Maximum Ice Extents of the Baltic Sea During Winters 1971-2008

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Niskanen, T.; Vainio, J.; Eriksson, P.; Heiler, I.

    2009-04-01

    Publication of operational ice charts in Finland was started from the Baltic Sea in a year 1915. Until year 1993 all ice charts were hand drawn paper copies but in the year 1993 ice charting software IceMap was introduced. Since then all ice charts were produced digitally. Since the year 1996 IceMap has had an option that user can calculate areas of single ice area polygons in the chart. Using this option the area of the maximum ice extent can be easily solved fully automatically. Before this option was introduced (and in full operation) all maximum extent areas were calculated manually by a planimeter. During recent years it has become clear that some areas calculated before 1996 don't give the same result as IceMap. Differences can come from for example inaccuracy of old coastlines, map projections, the calibration of the planimeter or interpretation of old ice area symbols. Old ice charts since winter 1970-71 have now been scanned, rectified and re-drawn. New maximum ice extent areas for Baltic Sea have now been re-calculated. By these new technological tools it can be concluded that in some cases clear differences can be found.

  11. 2015 Arctic Sea Ice Maximum Annual Extent Is Lowest On Record

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2015-03-19

    The sea ice cap of the Arctic appeared to reach its annual maximum winter extent on Feb. 25, according to data from the NASA-supported National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) at the University of Colorado, Boulder. At 5.61 million square miles (14.54 million square kilometers), this year’s maximum extent was the smallest on the satellite record and also one of the earliest. Read more: 1.usa.gov/1Eyvelz Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

  12. Mapping Daily and Maximum Flood Extents at 90-m Resolution During Hurricanes Harvey and Irma Using Passive Microwave Remote Sensing

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Galantowicz, J. F.; Picton, J.; Root, B.

    2017-12-01

    Passive microwave remote sensing can provided a distinct perspective on flood events by virtue of wide sensor fields of view, frequent observations from multiple satellites, and sensitivity through clouds and vegetation. During Hurricanes Harvey and Irma, we used AMSR2 (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2, JAXA) data to map flood extents starting from the first post-storm rain-free sensor passes. Our standard flood mapping algorithm (FloodScan) derives flooded fraction from 22-km microwave data (AMSR2 or NASA's GMI) in near real time and downscales it to 90-m resolution using a database built from topography, hydrology, and Global Surface Water Explorer data and normalized to microwave data footprint shapes. During Harvey and Irma we tested experimental versions of the algorithm designed to map the maximum post-storm flood extent rapidly and made a variety of map products available immediately for use in storm monitoring and response. The maps have several unique features including spanning the entire storm-affected area and providing multiple post-storm updates as flood water shifted and receded. From the daily maps we derived secondary products such as flood duration, maximum flood extent (Figure 1), and flood depth. In this presentation, we describe flood extent evolution, maximum extent, and local details as detected by the FloodScan algorithm in the wake of Harvey and Irma. We compare FloodScan results to other available flood mapping resources, note observed shortcomings, and describe improvements made in response. We also discuss how best-estimate maps could be updated in near real time by merging FloodScan products and data from other remote sensing systems and hydrological models.

  13. Simulation of Groundwater Mounding Beneath Hypothetical Stormwater Infiltration Basins

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Carleton, Glen B.

    2010-01-01

    Groundwater mounding occurs beneath stormwater management structures designed to infiltrate stormwater runoff. Concentrating recharge in a small area can cause groundwater mounding that affects the basements of nearby homes and other structures. Methods for quantitatively predicting the height and extent of groundwater mounding beneath and near stormwater Finite-difference groundwater-flow simulations of infiltration from hypothetical stormwater infiltration structures (which are typically constructed as basins or dry wells) were done for 10-acre and 1-acre developments. Aquifer and stormwater-runoff characteristics in the model were changed to determine which factors are most likely to have the greatest effect on simulating the maximum height and maximum extent of groundwater mounding. Aquifer characteristics that were changed include soil permeability, aquifer thickness, and specific yield. Stormwater-runoff variables that were changed include magnitude of design storm, percentage of impervious area, infiltration-structure depth (maximum depth of standing water), and infiltration-basin shape. Values used for all variables are representative of typical physical conditions and stormwater management designs in New Jersey but do not include all possible values. Results are considered to be a representative, but not all-inclusive, subset of likely results. Maximum heights of simulated groundwater mounds beneath stormwater infiltration structures are the most sensitive to (show the greatest change with changes to) soil permeability. The maximum height of the groundwater mound is higher when values of soil permeability, aquifer thickness, or specific yield are decreased or when basin depth is increased or the basin shape is square (and values of other variables are held constant). Changing soil permeability, aquifer thickness, specific yield, infiltration-structure depth, or infiltration-structure shape does not change the volume of water infiltrated, it changes the shape or height of the groundwater mound resulting from the infiltration. An aquifer with a greater soil permeability or aquifer thickness has an increased ability to transmit water away from the source of infiltration than aquifers with lower soil permeability; therefore, the maximum height of the groundwater mound will be lower, and the areal extent of mounding will be larger. The maximum height of groundwater mounding is higher when values of design storm magnitude or percentage of impervious cover (from which runoff is captured) are increased (and other variables are held constant) because the total volume of water to be infiltrated is larger. The larger the volume of infiltrated water the higher the head required to move that water away from the source of recharge if the physical characteristics of the aquifer are unchanged. The areal extent of groundwater mounding increases when soil permeability, aquifer thickness, design-storm magnitude, or percentage of impervious cover are increased (and values of other variables are held constant). For 10-acre sites, the maximum heights of the simulated groundwater mound range from 0.1 to 18.5 feet (ft). The median of the maximum-height distribution from 576 simulations is 1.8 ft. The maximum areal extent (measured from the edge of the infiltration basins) of groundwater mounding of 0.25-ft ranges from 0 to 300 ft with a median of 51 ft for 576 simulations. Stormwater infiltration at a 1-acre development was simulated, incorporating the assumption that the hypothetical infiltration structure would be a pre-cast concrete dry well having side openings and an open bottom. The maximum heights of the simulated groundwater-mounds range from 0.01 to 14.0 ft. The median of the maximum-height distribution from 432 simulations is 1.0 ft. The maximum areal extent of groundwater mounding of 0.25-ft ranges from 0 to 100 ft with a median of 10 ft for 432 simulations. Simulated height and extent of groundwater mounding associ

  14. Borrowing at the Maximum: Undergraduate Stafford Loan Borrowers in 2007-08. Stats in Brief. NCES 2012-161

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wei, Christina Chang; Skomsvold, Paul

    2011-01-01

    Using data from the 2007-08 National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS:08), this Statistics in Brief examines the extent to which undergraduate students borrow the maximum possible within the limits of the Stafford loan program (the program maximum) and their own financial need and student budgets (the individual maximum). Students who…

  15. 9 CFR 318.303 - Critical factors and the application of the process schedule.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... container; (3) Container orientation during thermal processing; (4) Product formulation; (5) Particle size; (6) Maximum thickness for flexible, and to some extent semirigid containers during thermal processing; (7) Maximum pH; (8) Percent salt; (9) Ingoing (or formulated) nitrite level (ppm); (10) Maximum water...

  16. Mapping hurricane rita inland storm tide

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Berenbrock, C.; Mason, R.R.; Blanchard, S.F.

    2009-01-01

    Flood-inundation data are most useful for decision makers when presented in the context of maps of affected communities and (or) areas. But because the data are scarce and rarely cover the full extent of the flooding, interpolation and extrapolation of the information are needed. Many geographic information systems provide various interpolation tools, but these tools often ignore the effects of the topographic and hydraulic features that influence flooding. A barrier mapping method was developed to improve maps of storm tide produced by Hurricane Rita. Maps were developed for the maximum storm tide and at 3-h intervals from midnight (00:00 hours) through noon (12:00 hours) on 24 September 2005. The improved maps depict storm-tide elevations and the extent of flooding. The extent of storm-tide inundation from the improved maximum storm-tide map was compared with the extent of flood inundation from a map prepared by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The boundaries from these two maps generally compared quite well especially along the Calcasieu River. Also a cross-section profile that parallels the Louisiana coast was developed from the maximum storm-tide map and included FEMA high-water marks. ?? 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

  17. Mapping Hurricane Rita inland storm tide

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Berenbrock, Charles; Mason, Jr., Robert R.; Blanchard, Stephen F.; Simonovic, Slobodan P.

    2009-01-01

    Flood-inundation data are most useful for decision makers when presented in the context of maps of effected communities and (or) areas. But because the data are scarce and rarely cover the full extent of the flooding, interpolation and extrapolation of the information are needed. Many geographic information systems (GIS) provide various interpolation tools, but these tools often ignore the effects of the topographic and hydraulic features that influence flooding. A barrier mapping method was developed to improve maps of storm tide produced by Hurricane Rita. Maps were developed for the maximum storm tide and at 3-hour intervals from midnight (0000 hour) through noon (1200 hour) on September 24, 2005. The improved maps depict storm-tide elevations and the extent of flooding. The extent of storm-tide inundation from the improved maximum storm-tide map was compared to the extent of flood-inundation from a map prepared by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The boundaries from these two maps generally compared quite well especially along the Calcasieu River. Also a cross-section profile that parallels the Louisiana coast was developed from the maximum storm-tide map and included FEMA high-water marks.

  18. Anomalous Variability in Antarctic Sea Ice Extents During the 1960s With the Use of Nimbus Data

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gallaher, David W.; Campbell, G. Garrett; Meier, Walter N.

    2014-01-01

    The Nimbus I, II, and III satellites provide a new opportunity for climate studies in the 1960s. The rescue of the visible and infrared imager data resulted in the utilization of the early Nimbus data to determine sea ice extent. A qualitative analysis of the early NASA Nimbus missions has revealed Antarctic sea ice extents that are signicant larger and smaller than the historic 1979-2012 passive microwave record. The September 1964 ice mean area is 19.7x10 km +/- 0.3x10 km. This is more the 250,000 km greater than the 19.44x10 km seen in the new 2012 historic maximum. However, in August 1966 the maximum sea ice extent fell to 15.9x10 km +/- 0.3x10 km. This is more than 1.5x10 km below the passive microwave record of 17.5x10 km set in September of 1986. This variation between 1964 and 1966 represents a change of maximum sea ice of over 3x10 km in just two years. These inter-annual variations while large, are small when compared to the Antarctic seasonal cycle.

  19. Climate sensitivity of Tibetan Plateau glaciers - past and future implications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Heyman, Jakob; Hubbard, Alun; Stroeven, Arjen P.; Harbor, Jonathan M.

    2013-04-01

    The Tibetan Plateau is one of the most extensively glaciated, non-Polar regions of the world, and its mountain glaciers are the primary source of melt water for several of the largest Asian rivers. During glacial cycles, Tibetan Plateau glaciers advanced and retreated multiple times, but remained restricted to the highest mountain areas as valley glaciers and ice caps. Because glacier extent is dominantly controlled by climate, the past extent of Tibetan glaciers provide information on regional climate. Here we present a study analyzing the past maximum extents of glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau with the output of a 3D glacier model, in an effort to quantify Tibetan Plateau climate. We have mapped present-day glaciers and glacial landforms deposited by formerly more extensive glaciers in eight mountain regions across the Tibetan Plateau, allowing us to define present-day and past maximum glacier outlines. Using a high-resolution (250 m) higher-order glacier model calibrated against present-day glacier extents, we have quantified the climate perturbations required to expand present-day glaciers to their past maximum extents. We find that a modest cooling of at most 6°C for a few thousand years is enough to attain past maximum extents, even with 25-75% precipitation reduction. This evidence for limited cooling indicates that the temperature of the Tibetan Plateau remained relatively stable over Quaternary glacial cycles. Given the significant sensitivity to temperature change, the expectation is perhaps that a future warmer climate might result in intense glacier reduction. We have tested this hypothesis and modeled the future glacier development for the three mountain regions with the largest present-day glacier cover using a projected warming of 2.8 to 6.2°C within 100 years (envelope limits from IPCC). These scenarios result in dramatic glacier reductions, including 24-100% ice volume loss after 100 years and 77-100% ice volume loss after 300 years.

  20. Laser Propagation Research. Volume II. Gaseous and Particulate Characterization of the Atmosphere. App. A-3. Maximum, Mean and Minimum Values of Measured Gas Concentrations at NOP Site. App. A-4. Plots of Nephelometer and Aerosol Mass Monitor Data at Arky Site. App. A-5. Plots of Aerosol Mass Monitor Data at the NOP Site,

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-11-01

    the rapid, partial removal or covering of contamination to reduce the radiation exposure rate as quickly as practicable to a point where priority work ...should be responsible for planning and implementing all decontamination activities. He could be a city en- gineer, public works engineer, industrial safety...responsibility for a local civil defense or emergency preparedness program. DisaterAnalysis - A review and determination of the extent of damage sufere bya

  1. Optical ages indicate the southwestern margin of the Green Bay Lobe in Wisconsin, USA, was at its maximum extent until about 18,500 years ago

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Attig, J.W.; Hanson, P.R.; Rawling, J.E.; Young, A.R.; Carson, E.C.

    2011-01-01

    Samples for optical dating were collected to estimate the time of sediment deposition in small ice-marginal lakes in the Baraboo Hills of Wisconsin. These lakes formed high in the Baraboo Hills when drainage was blocked by the Green Bay Lobe when it was at or very near its maximum extent. Therefore, these optical ages provide control for the timing of the thinning and recession of the Green Bay Lobe from its maximum position. Sediment that accumulated in four small ice-marginal lakes was sampled and dated. Difficulties with field sampling and estimating dose rates made the interpretation of optical ages derived from samples from two of the lake basins problematic. Samples from the other two lake basins-South Bluff and Feltz basins-responded well during laboratory analysis and showed reasonably good agreement between the multiple ages produced at each site. These ages averaged 18.2. ka (n= 6) and 18.6. ka (n= 6), respectively. The optical ages from these two lake basins where we could carefully select sediment samples provide firm evidence that the Green Bay Lobe stood at or very near its maximum extent until about 18.5. ka.The persistence of ice-marginal lakes in these basins high in the Baraboo Hills indicates that the ice of the Green Bay Lobe had not experienced significant thinning near its margin prior to about 18.5. ka. These ages are the first to directly constrain the timing of the maximum extent of the Green Bay Lobe and the onset of deglaciation in the area for which the Wisconsin Glaciation was named. ?? 2011 Elsevier B.V.

  2. Reporting potential conflicts of interest among authors of professional medical societies' guidelines.

    PubMed

    Khalil, Bassem; Aung, KoKo; Mansi, Ishak A

    2012-08-01

    Limited attention is directed to the potential conflicts of interest (COI) of the authors of practice guidelines writing groups of professional medical societies (PMS) and industry. The objective of this study was to report the proportion of authors with potential COI among guidelines writing groups of PMS. A systematic search in PubMed to identify practice guidelines of a convenience sample of 12 publicly known PMS for a period of 3 years. The authors' disclosures of COI were reviewed for the identified guidelines. We identified 126 guidelines, of which 107 (85%) reported authors' disclosures of COI and 19 (15%) did not. With the exception of the US Preventive Services Task Force, all of the reviewed guidelines writing groups of PMS had potential COI to some extent. The maximum percentage of authors with potential COI varied among PMS from 25% to 100%. A substantial variation of percentage of authors with potential COI exists among guidelines writing groups of different PMS. Several practice guidelines of PMS fail to include the disclosures of potential COI in their published guidelines. We made several suggestions to promote the transparency of potential COI in clinical practice guidelines.

  3. Contain or eradicate? Optimizing the management goal for Australian acacia invasions in the face of uncertainty

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Moore, J.L.; Runge, M.C.; Webber, B.L.; Wilson, J.R.U.

    2011-01-01

    Aim To identify whether eradication or containment is expected to be the most cost-effective management goal for an isolated invasive population when knowledge about the current extent is uncertain. Location Global and South Africa. Methods We developed a decision analysis framework to analyse the best management goal for an invasive species population (eradication, containment or take no action) when knowledge about the current extent is uncertain. We used value of information analysis to identify when investment in learning about the extent will improve this decision-making and tested the sensitivity of the conclusions to different parameters (e.g. spread rate, maximum extent, and management efficacy and cost). The model was applied to Acacia paradoxa DC, an Australian shrub with an estimated invasive extent of 310ha on Table Mountain, South Africa. Results Under the parameters used, attempting eradication is cost-effective for infestations of up to 777ha. However, if the invasion extent is poorly known, then attempting eradication is only cost-effective for infestations estimated as 296ha or smaller. The value of learning is greatest (maximum of 8% saving) when infestation extent is poorly known and if it is close to the maximum extent for which attempting eradication is optimal. The optimal management action is most sensitive to the probability that the action succeeds (which depends on the extent), with the discount rate and cost of management also important, but spread rate less so. Over a 20-year time-horizon, attempting to eradicate A. paradoxa from South Africa is predicted to cost on average ZAR 8 million if the extent is known, and if our current estimate is poor, ZAR 33.6 million as opposed to ZAR 32.8 million for attempting containment. Main conclusions Our framework evaluates the cost-effectiveness of attempting eradication or containment of an invasive population that takes uncertainty in population extent into account. We show that incorporating uncertainty in the analysis avoids overly optimistic beliefs about the effectiveness of management enabling better management decisions. For A. paradoxa in South Africa, attempting to eradicate is likely to be cost-effective, particularly if resources are allocated to better understand and improve management efficacy. ?? 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

  4. Analysis of Summer 2002 Melt Extent on the Greenland Ice Sheet using MODIS and SSM/I Data

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hall, Dorothy K.; Williams, Richard S., Jr.; Steffen, Konrad; Chien, Y. L.; Foster, James L.; Robinson, David A.; Riggs, George A.

    2004-01-01

    Previous work has shown that the summer of 2002 had the greatest area of snow melt extent on the Greenland ice sheet ever recorded using passive-microwave data. In this paper, we compare the 0 degree isotherm derived from the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument, with Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I)-derived melt, at the time of the maximum melt extent in 2002. To validate the MODIS-derived land-surface temperatures (LSTs), we compared the MODIS LSTs with air temperatures from nine stations (using 11 different data points) and found that they agreed to within 2.3 plus or minus 2.09 C, with station temperatures consistently lower than the MODIS LSTs. According to the MODIS LST, the maximum surface melt extended to approximately 2300 m in southern Greenland; while the SSM/I measurements showed that the maximum melt extended to nearly 2700 m in southeastern Greenland. The MODIS and SSM/I data are complementary in providing detailed information about the progression of surface and near-surface melt on the Greenland ice sheet.

  5. Analysis of Summer 2002 Melt Extent on the Greenland Ice Sheet using MODIS and SSM/I Data

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hall, Dorothy K.; Williams, Richard S.; Steffen, Konrad; Chien, Janet Y. L.

    2004-01-01

    Previous work has shown that the summer of 2002 had the greatest area of snow melt extent on the Greenland ice sheet ever recorded using passive-microwave data. In this paper, we compare the 0 deg. isotherm derived from the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument, with Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I)-derived melt, at the time of the maximum melt extent in 2002. To validate the MODIS derived land-surface temperatures (LSTs), we compared the MODIS LSTs with air temperatures from nine stations (using 11 different data points) and found that they agreed to within 2.3 +/- 2.09 C, with station temperatures consistently lower than the MODIS LSTs. According to the MODIS LST, the maximum surface melt extended to approx. 2300 m in southern Greenland; while the SSM/I measurements showed that the maximum melt extended to nearly 2700 m in southeastern Greenland. The MODIS and SSM/I data are complementary in providing detailed information about the progression of surface and near- surface melt on the Greenland ice sheet.

  6. Analysis of summer 2002 melt extent on the Greenland ice sheet using MODIS and SSM/I data

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Hall, D.K.; Williams, R.S.; Steffen, K.; Chien, Janet Y.L.

    2004-01-01

    Previous work has shown that the summer of 2002 had the greatest area of snow melt extent on the Greenland ice sheet ever recorded using passive-microwave data. In this paper, we compare the 0?? isotherm derived from the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument, with Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I)-derived melt, at the time of the maximum melt extent in 2002. To validate the MODIS-derived land-surface temperatures (LSTs), we compared the MODIS LSTs with air temperatures from nine stations (using 11 different data points) and found that they agreed to within 2.3??2.09??C, with station temperatures consistently lower than the MODIS LSTs. According to the MODIS LST, the maximum surface melt extended to ???2300 m in southern Greenland; while the SSM/I measurements showed that the maximum melt extended to nearly 2700 m in southeastern Greenland. The MODIS and SSM/I data are complementary in providing detailed information about the progression of surface and near-surface melt on the Greenland ice sheet.

  7. Analysis of summer 2002 melt extent on the Greenland ice sheet using MODIS and SSM/I data

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Hall, D. K.; Williams, R.S.; Steffen, K.; Chien, Janet Y.L.

    2004-01-01

    Previous work has shown that the summer of 2002 had the greatest area of snow melt extent on the Greenland ice sheet ever recorded using passive-microwave data. In this paper, we compare the 0deg isotherm derived from the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument, with Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I)-derived melt, at the time of the maximum melt extent in 2002. To validate the MODIS-derived land-surface temperatures (LSTs), we compared the MODIS LSTs with air temperatures from nine stations (using 11 different data points) and found that they agreed to within 2.3 plusmn 2.09 degC, with station temperatures consistently lower than the MODIS LSTs. According to the MODIS LST, the maximum surface melt extended to ~2300 m in southern Greenland; while the SSM/I measurements showed that the maximum melt extended to nearly 2700 m in southeastern Greenland. The MODIS and SSM/I data are complementary in providing detailed information about the progression of surface and near-surface melt on the Greenland ice sheet.

  8. Wound ballistics: theory and practice.

    PubMed

    Ordog, G J; Wasserberger, J; Balasubramanium, S

    1984-12-01

    Ballistics is the study of the natural laws governing projectile missiles and their predictable performances, and wound ballistics is the study of a missile's effect on living tissue. A knowledge of these topics is essential to determine the extent and type of injury from a missile. The type of missile can often be determined by radiography. The caliber can be measured directly if the bullet is close to the x-ray plate and the x-ray tube is at least six feet from the film. Changing these distances can result in a maximum magnification of the bullet image of 20%, and the exact amount can be calculated using a formula provided. Definitions of ballistic and wound ballistic terms are provided, as are examples of wound ballistics in application.

  9. Interhemispheric ice-sheet synchronicity during the last glacial maximum

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Weber, Michael E.; Clark, Peter U.; Ricken, Werner; Mitrovica, Jerry X.; Hostetler, Steven W.; Kuhn, Gerhard

    2011-01-01

    The timing of the last maximum extent of the Antarctic ice sheets relative to those in the Northern Hemisphere remains poorly understood. We develop a chronology for the Weddell Sea sector of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet that, combined with ages from other Antarctic ice-sheet sectors, indicates that the advance to and retreat from their maximum extent was within dating uncertainties synchronous with most sectors of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. Surface climate forcing of Antarctic mass balance would probably cause an opposite response, whereby a warming climate would increase accumulation but not surface melting. Our new data support teleconnections involving sea-level forcing from Northern Hemisphere ice sheets and changes in North Atlantic deep-water formation and attendant heat flux to Antarctic grounding lines to synchronize the hemispheric ice sheets.

  10. Interhemispheric ice-sheet synchronicity during the Last Glacial Maximum.

    PubMed

    Weber, Michael E; Clark, Peter U; Ricken, Werner; Mitrovica, Jerry X; Hostetler, Steven W; Kuhn, Gerhard

    2011-12-02

    The timing of the last maximum extent of the Antarctic ice sheets relative to those in the Northern Hemisphere remains poorly understood. We develop a chronology for the Weddell Sea sector of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet that, combined with ages from other Antarctic ice-sheet sectors, indicates that the advance to and retreat from their maximum extent was within dating uncertainties synchronous with most sectors of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. Surface climate forcing of Antarctic mass balance would probably cause an opposite response, whereby a warming climate would increase accumulation but not surface melting. Our new data support teleconnections involving sea-level forcing from Northern Hemisphere ice sheets and changes in North Atlantic deep-water formation and attendant heat flux to Antarctic grounding lines to synchronize the hemispheric ice sheets.

  11. High-irradiance reactor design with practical unfolded optics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Feuermann, Daniel; Gordon, Jeffrey M.

    2008-08-01

    In the design of high-temperature chemical reactors and furnaces, as well as high-radiance light projection applications, reconstituting the ultra-high radiance of short-arc discharge lamps at maximum radiative efficiency constitutes a significant challenge. The difficulty is exacerbated by the high numerical aperture necessary at both the source and the target. Separating the optic from both the light source and the target allows practical operation, control, monitoring, diagnostics and maintenance. We present near-field unfolded aplanatic optics as a feasible solution. The concept is illustrated with a design customized to a high-temperature chemical reactor for nano-material synthesis, driven by an ultra-bright xenon short-arc discharge lamp, with near-unity numerical aperture for both light input and light output. We report preliminary optical measurements for the first prototype, which constitutes a double-ellipsoid solution. We also propose compound unfolded aplanats that collect the full angular extent of lamp emission (in lieu of light recycling optics) and additionally permit nearly full-circumference irradiation of the reactor.

  12. Compliance and Practices in Transition Planning: A Review of Individualized Education Program Documents

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Landmark, Leena Jo; Zhang, Dalun

    2013-01-01

    This study examined the extent to which transition components of students’ Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) were compliant with IDEIA 2004; the extent to which transition components provided evidence of best practices; the association among disability, ethnicity, compliance, and practices; and the relationship between compliance and best…

  13. Anomalous Variability in Antarctic Sea Ice Extents During the 1960s With the Use of Nimbus Data

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gallaher, David W.; Campbell, G. Garrett; Meier, Walter N.

    2013-01-01

    The Nimbus I, II, and III satellites provide a new opportunity for climate studies in the 1960s. The rescue of the visible and infrared imager data resulted in the utilization of the early Nimbus data to determine sea ice extent. A qualitative analysis of the early NASA Nimbus missions has revealed Antarctic sea ice extents that are significant larger and smaller than the historic 1979-2012 passive microwave record. The September 1964 ice mean area is 19.7x10(exp 6) sq. km +/- 0.3x10(exp 6) sq. km. This is more the 250,000 sq. km greater than the 19.44x10(exp 6) sq. km seen in the new 2012 historic maximum. However, in August 1966 the maximum sea ice extent fell to 15.9x10(exp 6) sq. km +/- 0.3x10(exp 6) sq. km. This is more than 1.5x10(exp 6) sq. km below the passive microwave record of 17.5x10(exp 6) sq. km set in September of 1986. This variation between 1964 and 1966 represents a change of maximum sea ice of over 3x10(exp 6) sq. km in just two years. These inter-annual variations while large, are small when compared to the Antarctic seasonal cycle.

  14. 9 CFR 310.1 - Extent and time of post-mortem inspection; post-mortem inspection staffing standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... inspector performs the viscera and upper carcass inspection. 1 1 The “Maximum Slaughter Rates” figures... accompanying rules. (i) Inspection Using the Viscera Truck. Steers and Heifers Maximum slaughter rates (head... 1 1 1 85 to 86 1 2 1 87 to 143 2 2 1 Cows and Bulls Maximum slaughter rates (head per hour) Number...

  15. 9 CFR 310.1 - Extent and time of post-mortem inspection; post-mortem inspection staffing standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... inspector performs the viscera and upper carcass inspection. 1 1 The “Maximum Slaughter Rates” figures... accompanying rules. (i) Inspection Using the Viscera Truck. Steers and Heifers Maximum slaughter rates (head... 1 1 1 85 to 86 1 2 1 87 to 143 2 2 1 Cows and Bulls Maximum slaughter rates (head per hour) Number...

  16. 9 CFR 310.1 - Extent and time of post-mortem inspection; post-mortem inspection staffing standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... inspector performs the viscera and upper carcass inspection. 1 1 The “Maximum Slaughter Rates” figures... accompanying rules. (i) Inspection Using the Viscera Truck. Steers and Heifers Maximum slaughter rates (head... 1 1 1 85 to 86 1 2 1 87 to 143 2 2 1 Cows and Bulls Maximum slaughter rates (head per hour) Number...

  17. 9 CFR 310.1 - Extent and time of post-mortem inspection; post-mortem inspection staffing standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... inspector performs the viscera and upper carcass inspection. 1 1 The “Maximum Slaughter Rates” figures... accompanying rules. (i) Inspection Using the Viscera Truck. Steers and Heifers Maximum slaughter rates (head... 1 1 1 85 to 86 1 2 1 87 to 143 2 2 1 Cows and Bulls Maximum slaughter rates (head per hour) Number...

  18. 9 CFR 310.1 - Extent and time of post-mortem inspection; post-mortem inspection staffing standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... inspector performs the viscera and upper carcass inspection. 1 1 The “Maximum Slaughter Rates” figures... accompanying rules. (i) Inspection Using the Viscera Truck. Steers and Heifers Maximum slaughter rates (head... 1 1 1 85 to 86 1 2 1 87 to 143 2 2 1 Cows and Bulls Maximum slaughter rates (head per hour) Number...

  19. Optimal Control of the Valve Based on Traveling Wave Method in the Water Hammer Process

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cao, H. Z.; Wang, F.; Feng, J. L.; Tan, H. P.

    2011-09-01

    Valve regulation is an effective method for process control during the water hammer. The principle of d'Alembert traveling wave theory was used in this paper to construct the exact analytical solution of the water hammer, and the optimal speed law of the valve that can reduce the water hammer pressure in the maximum extent was obtained. Combining this law with the valve characteristic curve, the principle corresponding to the valve opening changing with time was obtained, which can be used to guide the process of valve closing and to reduce the water hammer pressure in the maximum extent.

  20. NASA's university program: Active grants and research contracts, fiscal year 1977

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1977-01-01

    As basic policy NASA believes that colleges and universities should be encouraged to participate in the nation's space and aeronautics program to the maximum extent practicable. The Office of University Affairs (OUA) serves as a focal point for NASA's relationships with colleges and universities. One of its roles is to provide information on the NASA University Program. The present document is designed to serve several purposes and a wide range of audiences from private individuals to NASA employees. The emphasis is on the technical content of the program, rather than on fiscal data, which is available separately from OUA. As some terminology will not be familiar to all readers, a User's Guide is included to facilitate the fullest use of the material related to the interests of any particular reader.

  1. The design and analysis of channel transmission communication system of XCTD profiler

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zheng, Yu; Wang, Xiao-Rui; Jin, Xiang-Yu; Song, Guo-Min; Shang, Ying-Sheng; Li, Hong-Zhi

    2016-10-01

    In this paper, a channel transmission communication system of expendable conductivity-temperature-depth is established in accordance to the operation characteristics of the transmission line to more accurately assess the characteristics of deep-sea abandoned profiler channel. The wrapping inductance is eliminated to maximum extent through the wrapping pattern of the underwater spool and the overwater spool and the calculation of the wrapping diameter. The feasibility of the proposed channel transmission communication system is verified through theoretical analysis and practical measurement of the transmission signal error rate in the amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation. The proposed design provides a new research method for the channel assessment of complex abandoned measuring instrument and an important experiment evidence for the rapid development of the deep-sea abandoned measuring instrument.

  2. The design and analysis of channel transmission communication system of XCTD profiler.

    PubMed

    Zheng, Yu; Wang, Xiao-Rui; Jin, Xiang-Yu; Song, Guo-Min; Shang, Ying-Sheng; Li, Hong-Zhi

    2016-10-01

    In this paper, a channel transmission communication system of expendable conductivity-temperature-depth is established in accordance to the operation characteristics of the transmission line to more accurately assess the characteristics of deep-sea abandoned profiler channel. The wrapping inductance is eliminated to maximum extent through the wrapping pattern of the underwater spool and the overwater spool and the calculation of the wrapping diameter. The feasibility of the proposed channel transmission communication system is verified through theoretical analysis and practical measurement of the transmission signal error rate in the amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation. The proposed design provides a new research method for the channel assessment of complex abandoned measuring instrument and an important experiment evidence for the rapid development of the deep-sea abandoned measuring instrument.

  3. 43 CFR 419.3 - What general principles govern implementation of the TROA?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... the extent that water is lawfully available. This includes, but is not limited to, the exercise of... requirements, so that the available water supply in the Truckee River basin satisfies, to the maximum extent..., water quality, and recreation purposes. (b) Satisfy vested and perfected rights to use the water of the...

  4. 43 CFR 419.3 - What general principles govern implementation of the TROA?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... the extent that water is lawfully available. This includes, but is not limited to, the exercise of... requirements, so that the available water supply in the Truckee River basin satisfies, to the maximum extent..., water quality, and recreation purposes. (b) Satisfy vested and perfected rights to use the water of the...

  5. 43 CFR 419.3 - What general principles govern implementation of the TROA?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... the extent that water is lawfully available. This includes, but is not limited to, the exercise of... requirements, so that the available water supply in the Truckee River basin satisfies, to the maximum extent..., water quality, and recreation purposes. (b) Satisfy vested and perfected rights to use the water of the...

  6. Total Quality Management in Secondary Schools in Kenya: Extent of Practice

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ngware, Moses Waithanji; Wamukuru, David Kuria; Odebero, Stephen Onyango

    2006-01-01

    Purpose: To investigate the extent to which secondary schools practiced aspects of total quality management (TQM). Design/methodology/approach: A cross-sectional research design was used in this study. A sample of 300 teachers in a residential session during a school holiday provided their perceptions on the practice of TQM in their schools. Data…

  7. Secondary Teachers' Conceptions and Practices of Assessment Models: The Case for Mathematics Teachers in Jordan

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Al Duwairi, Ahmed

    2013-01-01

    This study aimed at investigating the extent to which secondary schools mathematics teachers practice to assessment models in their mathematics teaching and learning. Definitely, the study aimed at answering the following questions: (1) To what extent do secondary schools mathematics teachers practice each of the assessment models in their…

  8. 40 CFR 194.25 - Future state assumptions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... compliance application, to the extent practicable, the effects of potential changes to future climate cycles... any compliance application, to the extent practicable, the effects of potential changes to... changes to geologic conditions, including, but not limited to: Dissolution; near surface geomorphic...

  9. 40 CFR 194.25 - Future state assumptions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... compliance application, to the extent practicable, the effects of potential changes to future climate cycles... any compliance application, to the extent practicable, the effects of potential changes to... changes to geologic conditions, including, but not limited to: Dissolution; near surface geomorphic...

  10. 40 CFR 194.25 - Future state assumptions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... compliance application, to the extent practicable, the effects of potential changes to future climate cycles... any compliance application, to the extent practicable, the effects of potential changes to... changes to geologic conditions, including, but not limited to: Dissolution; near surface geomorphic...

  11. 40 CFR 194.25 - Future state assumptions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... compliance application, to the extent practicable, the effects of potential changes to future climate cycles... any compliance application, to the extent practicable, the effects of potential changes to... changes to geologic conditions, including, but not limited to: Dissolution; near surface geomorphic...

  12. 10 CFR 60.15 - Site characterization.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) DISPOSAL OF HIGH-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTES IN GEOLOGIC REPOSITORIES Licenses... the geologic repository to the extent practical. (2) The number of exploratory boreholes and shafts... characterization. (3) To the extent practical, exploratory boreholes and shafts in the geologic repository...

  13. 40 CFR 194.25 - Future state assumptions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... compliance application, to the extent practicable, the effects of potential changes to future climate cycles... any compliance application, to the extent practicable, the effects of potential changes to... changes to geologic conditions, including, but not limited to: Dissolution; near surface geomorphic...

  14. Interhemispheric ice-sheet synchronicity during the Last Glacial Maximum

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Weber, M. E.; Clark, P. U.; Ricken, W.; Mitrovica, J. X.; Hostetler, S. W.; Kuhn, G.

    2012-04-01

    The timing of the last maximum extent of the Antarctic ice sheets relative to those in the Northern Hemisphere remains poorly understood because only a few findings with robust chronologies exist for Antarctic ice sheets. We developed a chronology for the Weddell Sea sector of the East Antarctic ice sheet that, combined with ages from other Antarctic ice-sheet sectors, indicates the advance to their maximum extent at 29 -28 ka, and retreat from their maximum extent at 19 ka was nearly synchronous with Northern Hemisphere ice sheets (Weber, M.E., Clark, P. U., Ricken, W., Mitrovica, J. X., Hostetler, S. W., and Kuhn, G. (2011): Interhemispheric ice-sheet synchronicity during the Last Glacial Maximum. - Science, 334, 1265-1269, doi: 10.1126:science.1209299). As for the deglaciation, modeling studies suggest a late ice-sheet retreat starting around 14 ka BP and ending around 7 ka BP with a large impact of an unstable West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) and a small impact of a stable East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS). However, the Weddell Sea sites studied here, as well as sites from the Scotia Sea, provide evidence that specifically the EAIS responded much earlier, possibly provided a significant contribution to the last sea-level rise, and was much more dynamic than previously thought. Using the results of an atmospheric general circulation we conclude that surface climate forcing of Antarctic ice mass balance would likely cause an opposite response, whereby a warming climate would increase accumulation but not surface melting. Furthermore, our new data support teleconnections involving a sea-level fingerprint forced from Northern Hemisphere ice sheets as indicated by gravitational modeling. Also, changes in North Atlantic Deepwater formation and attendant heat flux to Antarctic grounding lines may have contributed to synchronizing the hemispheric ice sheets.

  15. Yoga meets positive psychology: examining the integration of hedonic (gratitude) and eudaimonic (meaning) wellbeing in relation to the extent of yoga practice.

    PubMed

    Ivtzan, Itai; Papantoniou, Angeliki

    2014-04-01

    The present study aims to explore the existence of a relationship between the extent of yoga practice and two dimensions of psychological wellbeing: meaning in life and gratitude. Both of the variables are positive psychology constructs; there is theoretical affinity and empirical evidence that they are related to overall psychological wellbeing. One hundred and twenty four participants aged 18 years and above, with yoga experience ranging from none to over six years, responded to a number of scales. The extent of yoga practice was measured by the number of years during which individuals practiced yoga at least two times a week. Participants responded to the following scales: MLQ (Meaning in Life Questionnaire) and GQ-6 (Gratitude Questionnaire). This study hypothesised that the number of years practicing yoga would be positively correlated to the score obtained on the aforementioned scales. Positive correlations were identified between the extent of yoga practice and meaning in life and gratitude. Important implications regarding the contribution of yoga to both hedonic and Eudaimonic happiness are discussed. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  16. Ocean Profile Measurements During the Seasonal Ice Zone Reconnaissance Surveys Ocean Profiles

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2017-01-01

    repeated ocean, ice, and atmospheric measurements across the Beaufort-Chukchi sea seasonal sea ice zone (SIZ) utilizing US Coast Guard Arctic Domain...contributing to the rapid decline in summer ice extent that has occurred in recent years. The SIZ is the region between maximum winter sea ice extent and...minimum summer sea ice extent. As such, it contains the full range of positions of the marginal ice zone (MIZ) where sea ice interacts with open water

  17. [Signal loss in magnetic resonance imaging caused by intraoral anchored dental magnetic materials].

    PubMed

    Blankenstein, F H; Truong, B; Thomas, A; Schröder, R J; Naumann, M

    2006-08-01

    To measure the maximum extent of the signal loss areas in the center of the susceptibility artifacts generated by ferromagnetic dental magnet attachments using three different sequences in the 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla MRI. Five different pieces of standard dental magnet attachments with volumes of 6.5 to 31.4 mm(3) were used: a NdFeB magnet with an open magnetic field, a NdFeB magnet with a closed magnetic field, a SmCo magnet with an open magnetic field, a stainless steel keeper (AUM-20) and a PdCo piece. The attachments were placed between two cylindrical phantoms and examined in 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla MRI using gradient echo and T1- and T2-weighted spin echoes. We measured the maximum extent of the generated signal loss areas parallel and perpendicular to the direction of B (O). In gradient echoes the artifacts were substantially larger and symmetrically adjusted around the object. The areas with total signal loss were mushroom-like with a maximum extent of 7.4 to 9.7 cm parallel to the direction of B (O) and 6.7 to 7.4 cm perpendicular to B (O). In spin echoes the signal loss areas were obviously smaller, but not centered. The maximum values ranged between 4.9 and 7.2 cm (parallel B (O)) and 3.6 and 7.0 cm (perpendicular B (O)). The different ferromagnetic attachments had no clinically relevant influence on the signal loss neither in 1.5 T nor 3.0 T MRI. Ferromagnetic materials used in dentistry are not intraorally standardized. To ensure, that the area of interest is not affected by the described artifacts, the maximum extent of the signal loss area should be assumed: a radius of up to 7 cm in 1.5 and 3.0 T MRI by T1 and T2 sequences, and a radius of up to 10 cm in T2* sequences. To decide whether magnet attachments have to be removed before MR imaging, physicians should consider both the intact retention of the keepers and the safety distance between the ferromagnetic objects and the area of interest.

  18. Geographic, geologic, and hydrologic summaries of intermontane basins of the northern Rocky Mountains, Montana

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Kendy, Eloise; Tresch, R.E.

    1996-01-01

    This report combines a literature review with new information to provide summaries of the geography, geology, and hydrology of each of 32 intermontane basins in western Montana. The summary of each intermontane basin includes concise descriptions of topography, areal extent, altitude, climate, 1990 population, land and water use, geology, surface water, aquifer hydraulic characteristics, ground-water flow, and ground-water quality. If present, geothermal features are described. Average annual and monthly temperature and precipitation are reported from one National Weather Service station in each basin. Streamflow data, including the drainage area, period of record, and average, minimum, and maximum historical streamflow, are reported for all active and discontinued USGS streamflow-gaging stations in each basin. Monitoring-well data, including the well depth, aquifer, period of record, and minimum and maximum historical water levels, are reported for all long-term USGS monitoring wells in each basin. Brief descriptions of geologic, geophysical, and potentiometric- surface maps available for each basin also are included. The summary for each basin also includes a bibliography of hydrogeologic literature. When used alone or in conjunction with regional RASA reports, this report provides a practical starting point for site-specific hydrogeologic investigations.

  19. The Extent of Practice of Distinguished Students at the Secondary Level of Exams Management Skills and Its Relationship to Some Variables

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Shaban, Zakariyya Shaban

    2015-01-01

    The study aimed at identifying the extent of distinguished students' practice of the skills of exams management and their relationships of the variables of (sex and type of school) at the secondary stage. The descriptive approach was followed to investigate practice the level of the skills of exams management of the population of the study and its…

  20. 40 CFR 230.98 - Mitigation banks and in-lieu fee programs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... must be planned and designed to be self-sustaining over time, but some active management and... based approach, to the extent practicable, while still meeting the decision-making time frames specified... watershed approach to the extent practicable in reviewing proposed mitigation banks and in-lieu fee programs...

  1. 40 CFR 230.98 - Mitigation banks and in-lieu fee programs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... must be planned and designed to be self-sustaining over time, but some active management and... based approach, to the extent practicable, while still meeting the decision-making time frames specified... watershed approach to the extent practicable in reviewing proposed mitigation banks and in-lieu fee programs...

  2. 40 CFR 230.98 - Mitigation banks and in-lieu fee programs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... must be planned and designed to be self-sustaining over time, but some active management and... based approach, to the extent practicable, while still meeting the decision-making time frames specified... watershed approach to the extent practicable in reviewing proposed mitigation banks and in-lieu fee programs...

  3. 40 CFR 230.98 - Mitigation banks and in-lieu fee programs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... must be planned and designed to be self-sustaining over time, but some active management and... based approach, to the extent practicable, while still meeting the decision-making time frames specified... watershed approach to the extent practicable in reviewing proposed mitigation banks and in-lieu fee programs...

  4. 40 CFR 230.98 - Mitigation banks and in-lieu fee programs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... must be planned and designed to be self-sustaining over time, but some active management and... based approach, to the extent practicable, while still meeting the decision-making time frames specified... watershed approach to the extent practicable in reviewing proposed mitigation banks and in-lieu fee programs...

  5. 25 CFR 141.36 - Maximum finance charges on pawn transactions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Maximum finance charges on pawn transactions. 141.36 Section 141.36 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES BUSINESS PRACTICES ON THE NAVAJO, HOPI AND ZUNI RESERVATIONS Pawnbroker Practices § 141.36 Maximum finance charges on...

  6. 25 CFR 141.36 - Maximum finance charges on pawn transactions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Maximum finance charges on pawn transactions. 141.36 Section 141.36 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES BUSINESS PRACTICES ON THE NAVAJO, HOPI AND ZUNI RESERVATIONS Pawnbroker Practices § 141.36 Maximum finance charges on...

  7. 25 CFR 141.36 - Maximum finance charges on pawn transactions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Maximum finance charges on pawn transactions. 141.36 Section 141.36 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES BUSINESS PRACTICES ON THE NAVAJO, HOPI AND ZUNI RESERVATIONS Pawnbroker Practices § 141.36 Maximum finance charges on...

  8. 25 CFR 141.36 - Maximum finance charges on pawn transactions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true Maximum finance charges on pawn transactions. 141.36 Section 141.36 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES BUSINESS PRACTICES ON THE NAVAJO, HOPI AND ZUNI RESERVATIONS Pawnbroker Practices § 141.36 Maximum finance charges on...

  9. Effects of harvesting flowers from shrubs on the persistence and abundance of wild shrub populations at multiple spatial extents.

    PubMed

    Cabral, Juliano Sarmento; Bond, William J; Midgley, Guy F; Rebelo, Anthony G; Thuiller, Wilfried; Schurr, Frank M

    2011-02-01

    Wildflower harvesting is an economically important activity of which the ecological effects are poorly understood. We assessed how harvesting of flowers affects shrub persistence and abundance at multiple spatial extents. To this end, we built a process-based model to examine the mean persistence and abundance of wild shrubs whose flowers are subject to harvest (serotinous Proteaceae in the South African Cape Floristic Region). First, we conducted a general sensitivity analysis of how harvesting affects persistence and abundance at nested spatial extents. For most spatial extents and combinations of demographic parameters, persistence and abundance of flowering shrubs decreased abruptly once harvesting rate exceeded a certain threshold. At larger extents, metapopulations supported higher harvesting rates before their persistence and abundance decreased, but persistence and abundance also decreased more abruptly due to harvesting than at smaller extents. This threshold rate of harvest varied with species' dispersal ability, maximum reproductive rate, adult mortality, probability of extirpation or local extinction, strength of Allee effects, and carrying capacity. Moreover, spatial extent interacted with Allee effects and probability of extirpation because both these demographic properties affected the response of local populations to harvesting more strongly than they affected the response of metapopulations. Subsequently, we simulated the effects of harvesting on three Cape Floristic Region Proteaceae species and found that these species reacted differently to harvesting, but their persistence and abundance decreased at low rates of harvest. Our estimates of harvesting rates at maximum sustainable yield differed from those of previous investigations, perhaps because researchers used different estimates of demographic parameters, models of population dynamics, and spatial extent than we did. Good demographic knowledge and careful identification of the spatial extent of interest increases confidence in assessments and monitoring of the effects of harvesting. Our general sensitivity analysis improved understanding of harvesting effects on metapopulation dynamics and allowed qualitative assessment of the probability of extirpation of poorly studied species. ©2010 Society for Conservation Biology.

  10. Determination of Strength Exercise Intensities Based on the Load-Power-Velocity Relationship

    PubMed Central

    Jandačka, Daniel; Beremlijski, Petr

    2011-01-01

    The velocity of movement and applied load affect the production of mechanical power output and subsequently the extent of the adaptation stimulus in strength exercises. We do not know of any known function describing the relationship of power and velocity and load in the bench press exercise. The objective of the study is to find a function modeling of the relationship of relative velocity, relative load and mechanical power output for the bench press exercise and to determine the intensity zones of the exercise for specifically focused strength training of soccer players. Fifteen highly trained soccer players at the start of a competition period were studied. The subjects of study performed bench presses with the load of 0, 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90% of the predetermined one repetition maximum with maximum possible speed of movement. The mean measured power and velocity for each load (kg) were used to develop a multiple linear regression function which describes the quadratic relationship between the ratio of power (W) to maximum power (W) and the ratios of the load (kg) to one repetition maximum (kg) and the velocity (m•s−1) to maximal velocity (m•s−1). The quadratic function of two variables that modeled the searched relationship explained 74% of measured values in the acceleration phase and 75% of measured values from the entire extent of the positive power movement in the lift. The optimal load for reaching maximum power output suitable for the dynamics effort strength training was 40% of one repetition maximum, while the optimal mean velocity would be 75% of maximal velocity. Moreover, four zones: maximum power, maximum velocity, velocity-power and strength-power were determined on the basis of the regression function. PMID:23486484

  11. Determination of strength exercise intensities based on the load-power-velocity relationship.

    PubMed

    Jandačka, Daniel; Beremlijski, Petr

    2011-06-01

    The velocity of movement and applied load affect the production of mechanical power output and subsequently the extent of the adaptation stimulus in strength exercises. We do not know of any known function describing the relationship of power and velocity and load in the bench press exercise. The objective of the study is to find a function modeling of the relationship of relative velocity, relative load and mechanical power output for the bench press exercise and to determine the intensity zones of the exercise for specifically focused strength training of soccer players. Fifteen highly trained soccer players at the start of a competition period were studied. The subjects of study performed bench presses with the load of 0, 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90% of the predetermined one repetition maximum with maximum possible speed of movement. The mean measured power and velocity for each load (kg) were used to develop a multiple linear regression function which describes the quadratic relationship between the ratio of power (W) to maximum power (W) and the ratios of the load (kg) to one repetition maximum (kg) and the velocity (m•s(-1)) to maximal velocity (m•s(-1)). The quadratic function of two variables that modeled the searched relationship explained 74% of measured values in the acceleration phase and 75% of measured values from the entire extent of the positive power movement in the lift. The optimal load for reaching maximum power output suitable for the dynamics effort strength training was 40% of one repetition maximum, while the optimal mean velocity would be 75% of maximal velocity. Moreover, four zones: maximum power, maximum velocity, velocity-power and strength-power were determined on the basis of the regression function.

  12. 10 CFR 470.13 - Program solicitation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... simple application form for submitting a proposal for support under the program, together with... directly to interested individuals, entities, and associations thereof, to the maximum extent feasible. ...

  13. 33 CFR 332.8 - Mitigation banks and in-lieu fee programs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... and in-lieu fee project sites must be planned and designed to be self-sustaining over time, but some... based approach, to the extent practicable, while still meeting the decision-making time frames specified... district engineer and the IRT should use a watershed approach to the extent practicable in reviewing...

  14. 33 CFR 332.8 - Mitigation banks and in-lieu fee programs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... and in-lieu fee project sites must be planned and designed to be self-sustaining over time, but some... based approach, to the extent practicable, while still meeting the decision-making time frames specified... district engineer and the IRT should use a watershed approach to the extent practicable in reviewing...

  15. 33 CFR 332.8 - Mitigation banks and in-lieu fee programs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... and in-lieu fee project sites must be planned and designed to be self-sustaining over time, but some... based approach, to the extent practicable, while still meeting the decision-making time frames specified... district engineer and the IRT should use a watershed approach to the extent practicable in reviewing...

  16. 33 CFR 332.8 - Mitigation banks and in-lieu fee programs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... and in-lieu fee project sites must be planned and designed to be self-sustaining over time, but some... based approach, to the extent practicable, while still meeting the decision-making time frames specified... district engineer and the IRT should use a watershed approach to the extent practicable in reviewing...

  17. 33 CFR 332.8 - Mitigation banks and in-lieu fee programs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... and in-lieu fee project sites must be planned and designed to be self-sustaining over time, but some... based approach, to the extent practicable, while still meeting the decision-making time frames specified... district engineer and the IRT should use a watershed approach to the extent practicable in reviewing...

  18. 34 CFR 263.6 - How does the Secretary evaluate applications for the Professional Development program?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... research and effective practices on how to improve teaching and learning to support student proficiency in...-based research and effective practice; (2) The extent to which the training or professional development... will produce both quantitative and qualitative data to the extent possible. (Approved by the Office of...

  19. 34 CFR 263.6 - How does the Secretary evaluate applications for the Professional Development program?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... research and effective practices on how to improve teaching and learning to support student proficiency in...-based research and effective practice; (2) The extent to which the training or professional development... will produce both quantitative and qualitative data to the extent possible. (Approved by the Office of...

  20. 34 CFR 263.6 - How does the Secretary evaluate applications for the Professional Development program?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... research and effective practices on how to improve teaching and learning to support student proficiency in...-based research and effective practice; (2) The extent to which the training or professional development... will produce both quantitative and qualitative data to the extent possible. (Approved by the Office of...

  1. 34 CFR 263.6 - How does the Secretary evaluate applications for the Professional Development program?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... research and effective practices on how to improve teaching and learning to support student proficiency in...-based research and effective practice; (2) The extent to which the training or professional development... will produce both quantitative and qualitative data to the extent possible. (Approved by the Office of...

  2. 34 CFR 263.6 - How does the Secretary evaluate applications for the Professional Development program?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... research and effective practices on how to improve teaching and learning to support student proficiency in...-based research and effective practice; (2) The extent to which the training or professional development... will produce both quantitative and qualitative data to the extent possible. (Approved by the Office of...

  3. 25 CFR 141.36 - Maximum finance charges on pawn transactions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Maximum finance charges on pawn transactions. 141.36 Section 141.36 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES BUSINESS PRACTICES ON THE NAVAJO, HOPI AND ZUNI RESERVATIONS Pawnbroker Practices § 141.36 Maximum finance charges on pawn transactions. No pawnbroker may...

  4. 20 CFR 653.503 - Field checks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... to appropriate enforcement agencies in writing. (b) State agencies, to the maximum extent possible... enforcement agencies. State agencies shall report difficulties in making such formal or informal arrangements...

  5. 20 CFR 653.503 - Field checks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... to appropriate enforcement agencies in writing. (b) State agencies, to the maximum extent possible... enforcement agencies. State agencies shall report difficulties in making such formal or informal arrangements...

  6. 20 CFR 653.503 - Field checks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... to appropriate enforcement agencies in writing. (b) State agencies, to the maximum extent possible... enforcement agencies. State agencies shall report difficulties in making such formal or informal arrangements...

  7. 20 CFR 653.503 - Field checks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... to appropriate enforcement agencies in writing. (b) State agencies, to the maximum extent possible... enforcement agencies. State agencies shall report difficulties in making such formal or informal arrangements...

  8. Occupational dose constraints for the lens of the eye for interventional radiologists and interventional cardiologists in the UK.

    PubMed

    Mairs, William DA

    2016-06-01

    The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has recommended a 20 mSv year(-1) dose limit for the lens of the eye, which has been adopted in the European Union Basic Safety Standards. Interventional radiologists (IRs) and interventional cardiologists (ICs) are likely to be affected by this. The effects of radiation in the lens are somewhat uncertain, and the ICRP explicitly recommend optimization. Occupational dose constraints are part of the optimization process and define a level of dose which ought to be achievable in a well-managed practice. This commentary calls on the professional bodies to review a need for national constraints to guide local decisions. Consideration is given to developing such constraints using maximum expected doses in high-workload facilities with good radiation protection practices and application of a factor allowing for attenuation by lead glasses (LG). Doses are based on a Public Health England survey of eye dose in the UK. Maximum expected doses for ICs are approximately 21 mSv year(-1), neglecting LG. However, the extent of IR exposure is not yet fully known, and further evidence is required before conclusions are drawn. A Health and Safety Laboratory review of LG established a conservative dose reduction factor of 3 for models available in 2012. Application of this factor provides a dose constraint of 7 mSv year(-1) to the eye for ICs. To achieve this constraint, those employers with the most exposed ICs will have to provide and ensure the correct use of a ceiling-suspended eye shield and LG.

  9. The MIS 3 maximum of the Torres del Paine and Última Esperanza ice lobes in Patagonia and the pacing of southern mountain glaciation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    García, Juan-Luis; Hein, Andrew S.; Binnie, Steven A.; Gómez, Gabriel A.; González, Mauricio A.; Dunai, Tibor J.

    2018-04-01

    The timing, structure and termination of the last southern mountain glaciation and its forcing remains unclear. Most studies have focused on the global Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 26.5-19 ka) time period, which is just part of the extensive time-frame within the last glacial period, including Marine Isotope Stages 3 and 4. Understanding the glacial fluctuations throughout the glacial period is a prerequisite for uncovering the cause and climate mechanism driving southern glaciation and the interhemispheric linkages of climate change. Here, we present an extensive (n = 65) cosmogenic 10Be glacier chronology derived from moraine belts marking the pre-global LGM extent of the former Patagonian Ice Sheet in southernmost South America. Our results show the mountain ice sheet reached its maximum extent at 48.0 ± 1.8 ka during the local LGM, but attained just half this extent at 21.5 ± 1.8 ka during the global LGM. This finding, supported by nearby glacier chronologies, indicates that at orbital time scales, the southern mid-latitude glaciers fluctuated out-of-phase with northern hemisphere ice sheets. At millennial time-scales, our data suggest that Patagonian and New Zealand glaciers advanced in unison with cold Antarctic stadials and reductions in Southern Ocean sea surface temperatures. This implies a southern middle latitudes-wide millennial rhythm of climate change throughout the last glacial period linked to the north Atlantic by the bipolar seesaw. We suggest that winter insolation, acting alongside other drivers such as the strength and/or position of the southern westerlies, controlled the extents of major southern mountain glaciers such as those in southernmost South America.

  10. When does adoption of health information technology by physician practices lead to use by physicians within the practice?

    PubMed Central

    McClellan, Sean R; Casalino, Lawrence P; Shortell, Stephen M; Rittenhouse, Diane R

    2013-01-01

    Objective We sought to determine the extent to which adoption of health information technology (HIT) by physician practices may differ from the extent of use by individual physicians, and to examine factors associated with adoption and use. Materials and methods Using cross-sectional survey data from the National Study of Small and Medium-Sized Physician Practices (July 2007–March 2009), we examined the extent to which organizational capabilities and external incentives were associated with the adoption of five key HIT functionalities by physician practices and with use of those functionalities by individual physicians. Results The rate of physician practices adopting any of the five HIT functionalities was 34.1%. When practices adopted HIT functionalities, on average, about one in seven physicians did not use those functionalities. One physician in five did not use prompts and reminders following adoption by their practice. After controlling for other factors, both adoption of HIT by practices and use of HIT by individual physicians were higher in primary care practices and larger practices. Practices reporting an emphasis on patient-centered management were not more likely than others to adopt, but their physicians were more likely to use HIT. Discussion Larger practices were most likely to have adopted HIT, but other factors, including specialty mix and self-reported patient-centered management, had a stronger influence on the use of HIT once adopted. Conclusions Adoption of HIT by practices does not mean that physicians will use the HIT. PMID:23396512

  11. Arctic Sea Ice Sets New Record Winter Low

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2015-03-19

    The sea ice cap of the Arctic appeared to reach its annual maximum winter extent on February 25, according to data from the NASA-supported National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) at the University of Colorado, Boulder. At 5.61 million square miles (14.54 million square kilometers), this year’s maximum extent was the smallest on the satellite record and also one of the earliest. Credit: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

  12. 16 CFR 254.3 - Misrepresentation of extent or nature of accreditation or approval.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Misrepresentation of extent or nature of... extent or nature of accreditation or approval. (a) It is deceptive for an industry member to misrepresent, directly or indirectly, the extent or nature of any approval by a State agency or accreditation by an...

  13. 16 CFR 254.3 - Misrepresentation of extent or nature of accreditation or approval.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Misrepresentation of extent or nature of... extent or nature of accreditation or approval. (a) It is deceptive for an industry member to misrepresent, directly or indirectly, the extent or nature of any approval by a State agency or accreditation by an...

  14. 16 CFR 254.3 - Misrepresentation of extent or nature of accreditation or approval.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Misrepresentation of extent or nature of... extent or nature of accreditation or approval. (a) It is deceptive for an industry member to misrepresent, directly or indirectly, the extent or nature of any approval by a State agency or accreditation by an...

  15. 16 CFR 254.3 - Misrepresentation of extent or nature of accreditation or approval.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Misrepresentation of extent or nature of... extent or nature of accreditation or approval. (a) It is deceptive for an Industry Member to misrepresent, directly or indirectly, expressly or by implication, the nature, extent, or purpose of any Approval by a...

  16. 16 CFR 254.3 - Misrepresentation of extent or nature of accreditation or approval.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Misrepresentation of extent or nature of... extent or nature of accreditation or approval. (a) It is deceptive for an industry member to misrepresent, directly or indirectly, the extent or nature of any approval by a State agency or accreditation by an...

  17. Surface geophysical investigation of the areal and vertical extent of metallic waste at the former Tyson Valley Powder Farm near Eureka, Missouri, Spring 2004

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Ball, Lyndsay B.; Kress, Wade H.; Anderson, Eric D.; Teeple, Andrew; Ferguson, James W.; Colbert, Charles R.

    2004-01-01

    The former Tyson Valley Powder Farm near Eureka, Missouri, was used primarily as a storage facility for the production of small arms ammunition during 1941?47 and 1951?61. A secondary use of the site was for munitions testing and disposal. Surface exposures of small arms waste, characterized by brass shell casings and fragments, as well as other miscellaneous scrap metal are remnants of disposal practices that took place during U.S. Army operation and can be found throughout the site. Little historical information exists describing disposal practices, and more debris is believed to be buried in the subsurface. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has identified several areas of concern throughout the former Tyson Valley Powder Farm. A surface-geophysical investigation was performed by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, to evaluate the areal and vertical extent of metallic debris in the subsurface within three of these areas of concern. Electromagnetic and magnetic methods were used to locate anomalies indicating relatively large concentrations of buried metallic debris within the selected areas of concern. Maps were created identifying twelve anomalous zones in the three areas of concern, and three of these zones were selected for further investigation. The extent and depth of the anomalies within these zones were explored using two-dimensional direct-current resistivity methods. Resistivity and time-domain induced polarization data were compared to the anomalous locations of the electromagnetic and magnetic surveys. The geophysical methods selected for this study were useful in determining the areal and vertical extent of metallic waste within the former Tyson Valley Powder Farm. However, electromagnetic and magnetic methods were not able to differentiate magnetic scrap metal from non-magnetic metallic small arms waste, most likely due to the small size and scattered distribution of the small arms waste, in addition to the mixing of both types of debris in the subsurface. Electromagnetic and magnetic data showed some zones of concentrated anomalies, while there was a general scattering of small anomalies throughout the site. Inverted resistivity sections, as well as induced polarization sections, showed the debris to have a maximum depth of approximately 1 to 2 meters below the surface.

  18. Potential effects of climate change on members of the Palaeotropical pitcher plant family Nepenthaceae.

    PubMed

    Gray, Laura K; Clarke, Charles; Wint, G R William; Moran, Jonathan A

    2017-01-01

    Anthropogenic climate change is predicted to have profound effects on species distributions over the coming decades. In this paper, we used maximum entropy modelling (Maxent) to estimate the effects of projected changes in climate on extent of climatically-suitable habitat for two Nepenthes pitcher plant species in Borneo. The model results predicted an increase in area of climatically-suitable habitat for the lowland species Nepenthes rafflesiana by 2100; in contrast, the highland species Nepenthes tentaculata was predicted to undergo significant loss of climatically-suitable habitat over the same period. Based on the results of the models, we recommend that research be undertaken into practical mitigation strategies, as approximately two-thirds of Nepenthes are restricted to montane habitats. Highland species with narrow elevational ranges will be at particularly high risk, and investigation into possible mitigation strategies should be focused on them.

  19. A preliminary investigation of boundary-layer transition along a flat plate with adverse pressure gradient

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Von Doenhoff, Albert E

    1938-01-01

    Boundary-layer surveys were made throughout the transition region along a smooth flat plate placed in an airstream of practically zero turbulence and with an adverse pressure gradient. The boundary-layer Reynolds number at the laminar separation point was varied from 1,800 to 2,600. The test data, when considered in the light of certain theoretical deductions, indicated that transition probably began with separation of the laminar boundary layer. The extent of the transition region, defined as the distance from a calculated laminar separation point to the position of the first fully developed turbulent boundary-layer profile, could be expressed as a constant Reynolds number run of approximately 70,000. Some speculations are presented concerning the application of the foregoing concepts, after certain assumptions have been made, to the problem of the connection between transition on the upper surface of an airfoil at high angles of attack and the maximum lift.

  20. Space Commercialization

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Martin, Gary L.

    2011-01-01

    A robust and competitive commercial space sector is vital to continued progress in space. The United States is committed to encouraging and facilitating the growth of a U.S. commercial space sector that supports U.S. needs, is globally competitive, and advances U.S. leadership in the generation of new markets and innovation-driven entrepreneurship. Energize competitive domestic industries to participate in global markets and advance the development of: satellite manufacturing; satellite-based services; space launch; terrestrial applications; and increased entrepreneurship. Purchase and use commercial space capabilities and services to the maximum practical extent Actively explore the use of inventive, nontraditional arrangements for acquiring commercial space goods and services to meet United States Government requirements, including measures such as public-private partnerships, . Refrain from conducting United States Government space activities that preclude, discourage, or compete with U.S. commercial space activities. Pursue potential opportunities for transferring routine, operational space functions to the commercial space sector where beneficial and cost-effective.

  1. Potential effects of climate change on members of the Palaeotropical pitcher plant family Nepenthaceae

    PubMed Central

    Gray, Laura K.; Clarke, Charles; Wint, G. R. William

    2017-01-01

    Anthropogenic climate change is predicted to have profound effects on species distributions over the coming decades. In this paper, we used maximum entropy modelling (Maxent) to estimate the effects of projected changes in climate on extent of climatically-suitable habitat for two Nepenthes pitcher plant species in Borneo. The model results predicted an increase in area of climatically-suitable habitat for the lowland species Nepenthes rafflesiana by 2100; in contrast, the highland species Nepenthes tentaculata was predicted to undergo significant loss of climatically-suitable habitat over the same period. Based on the results of the models, we recommend that research be undertaken into practical mitigation strategies, as approximately two-thirds of Nepenthes are restricted to montane habitats. Highland species with narrow elevational ranges will be at particularly high risk, and investigation into possible mitigation strategies should be focused on them. PMID:28817596

  2. Modulation of the Seasonal Cycle of Antarctic Sea Ice Extent Related to the Southern Annular Mode

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Doddridge, Edward W.; Marshall, John

    2017-10-01

    Through analysis of remotely sensed sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice concentration data, we investigate the impact of winds related to the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) on sea ice extent around Antarctica. We show that positive SAM anomalies in the austral summer are associated with anomalously cold SSTs that persist and lead to anomalous ice growth in the following autumn, while negative SAM anomalies precede warm SSTs and a reduction in sea ice extent during autumn. The largest effect occurs in April, when a unit change in the detrended summertime SAM is followed by a 1.8±0.6 ×105 km2 change in detrended sea ice extent. We find no evidence that sea ice extent anomalies related to the summertime SAM affect the wintertime sea ice extent maximum. Our analysis shows that the wind anomalies related to the negative SAM during the 2016/2017 austral summer contributed to the record minimum Antarctic sea ice extent observed in March 2017.

  3. Degradation of diclofenac sodium using combined processes based on hydrodynamic cavitation and heterogeneous photocatalysis.

    PubMed

    Bagal, Manisha V; Gogate, Parag R

    2014-05-01

    Diclofenac sodium, a widely detected pharmaceutical drug in wastewater samples, has been selected as a model pollutant for degradation using novel combined approach of hydrodynamic cavitation and heterogeneous photocatalysis. A slit venturi has been used as cavitating device in the hydrodynamic cavitation reactor. The effect of various operating parameters such as inlet fluid pressure (2-4 bar) and initial pH of the solution (4-7.5) on the extent of degradation have been studied. The maximum extent of degradation of diclofenac sodium was obtained at inlet fluid pressure of 3 bar and initial pH as 4 using hydrodynamic cavitation alone. The loadings of TiO2 and H2O2 have been optimised to maximise the extent of degradation of diclofenac sodium. Kinetic study revealed that the degradation of diclofenac sodium fitted first order kinetics over the selected range of operating protocols. It has been observed that combination of hydrodynamic cavitation with UV, UV/TiO2 and UV/TiO2/H2O2 results in enhanced extents of degradation as compared to the individual schemes. The maximum extent of degradation as 95% with 76% reduction in TOC has been observed using hydrodynamic cavitation in conjunction with UV/TiO2/H2O2 under the optimised operating conditions. The diclofenac sodium degradation byproducts have been identified using LC/MS analysis. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  4. 34 CFR 300.114 - LRE requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) Except as provided in § 300.324(d)(2) (regarding children with disabilities in adult prisons), the State... the maximum extent appropriate, children with disabilities, including children in public or private...

  5. Simulated effects of water-level changes in the Mississippi River and Pokegama Reservoir on ground-water levels, Grand Rapids area, Minnesota

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Jones, Perry M.

    2005-01-01

    The extent of aquifer water-level changes resulting from these river, wetland, and lake water-level changes varied because of the complex hydrogeology of the study area. A 1.00-foot decline in reservoir/river water levels caused a maximum simulated ground-water-level decline in the middle aquifer near Jay Gould and Little Jay Gould Lakes of 1.09 feet and a maximum simulated ground-water-level decline of 1.00 foot in the lower aquifer near Cut-off and Blackwater Lakes. The amount and extent of ground-water-level changes in the middle and lower aquifers can be explained by the thickness, extent, and connectivity of the aquifers. Surface-water/ground-water interactions near wetlands and lakes with water levels unchanged from the calibrated model resulted in small water-table altitude differences among the simulations. Results of the ground-water modeling indicate that lowering of the reservoir and river water levels by 1.00 foot likely will not substantially affect water levels in the middle and lower aquifers.

  6. Classroom implementation of the practices learned in the Master of Chemistry Education program by the School District of Philadelphia's high school chemistry teachers

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jayaraman, Uma Devi

    This dissertation reports the results of an exploratory case study utilizing quantitative and qualitative methodologies intended to ascertain the extent and differences of implementation of research-based instructional practices, learned in an intensive 26-month professional development, in their urban classrooms. Both the extent and differences in the implementation of practices were investigated in relation to the lesson design and implementation, content, and classroom culture aspects of research-based practices. Additionally, this research includes the concerns of the teachers regarding the factors that helped or hindered the implementation of research-based practices in their classrooms. Six graduates of the Master of Chemistry Education Program who were teaching a chemistry course in a high school in the School District of Philadelphia at the time of the study (2006-8), were the case. The teachers completed a concerns questionnaire with closed and open-ended items, and rated their perceptions of the extent of implementation of the practices in their urban classrooms. Additionally, the teachers were observed and rated by the researcher using a reform-teaching observation protocol and were interviewed individually. Also, the teachers submitted their lesson plans for the days they were observed. Data from these sources were analyzed to arrive at the findings for this study. The research findings suggest that the group of teachers in the study implemented the research-based practices in their classrooms to a low extent when compared to the recommended practices inherent to the MCE Program. The extents of implementation of the practices differed widely among the teachers, from being absent to being implemented at a high level, with inconsistent levels of implementation from various data sources. Further, the teachers expressed the depth of knowledge (gained in the MCE Program), formal laboratory exercises and reports, administrative support, self-motivated students, and group/collaborative work as several factors that enabled or would have enabled the implementation of practices. Among the many factors that hindered the implementation of the practices in their urban classrooms were, the core curriculum and pacing schedule, followed by test preparation, administrative paper-work, large class-size, students not prepared for student-centered work, poor math and reading skills of students, students' lack of motivation, unsupportive department head, unresponsive administration, and lack of resources.

  7. Factors Associated With Full Implementation of Scope of Practice.

    PubMed

    Ganz, Freda DeKeyser; Toren, Orly; Fadlon, Yafit

    2016-05-01

    To describe whether nurses fully implement their scope of practice; nurses' perceptions of future practice implementation; and the association between scope of practice implementation with professional autonomy and self-efficacy. A descriptive correlational study was conducted using a convenience sample of 145 registered nurses with post-basic certification from two Israeli university hospitals, from May 2012 to September 2013. Five questionnaires were distributed: (a) Demographic and Work Characteristics, (b) Implementation of Scope of Practice, (c) Attitudes Towards Future Practice, (d) Practice Behavior Scale, and (e) Practice Self-Efficacy. Descriptive statistics for all demographic and questionnaire data were analyzed. Two regression models were developed, where current and future implementations were the criterion variables and demographic and work characteristics, professional autonomy, and self-efficacy were the predictors. High levels of professional autonomy, self-efficacy, and attitudes towards future practice were found in contrast to low or moderate levels of current implementation of the full extent of scope of practice. Primary reasons associated with low implementation were lack of relevance to practice and permission to perform the practice. Significant associations were found between professional autonomy, self-efficacy, and attitudes towards future practice, but not with current implementation. Nurses wanted to practice to the full extent of their scope of practice and felt able to do so but were hindered by administrative and not personal barriers. Even though staff nurses with post-basic certification had high levels of professional autonomy and self-efficacy, many were not implementing the full extent of their scope of practice. Similar to findings from around the world, external factors, such as administrative and policy barriers, were found to thwart the full implementation of nurses' full scope of practice. Therefore, practicing nurses should be aware of these barriers and work towards reducing them. © 2016 Sigma Theta Tau International.

  8. Final Report - Management of High Sulfur HLW, VSL-13R2920-1, Rev. 0, dated 10/31/2013

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kruger, Albert A.; Gan, H.; Pegg, I. L.

    2013-11-13

    The present report describes results from a series of small-scale crucible tests to determine the extent of corrosion associated with sulfur containing HLW glasses and to develop a glass composition for a sulfur-rich HLW waste stream, which was then subjected to small-scale melter testing to determine the maximum acceptable sulfate loadings. In the present work, a new glass formulation was developed and tested for a projected Hanford HLW composition with sulfate concentrations high enough to limit waste loading. Testing was then performed on the DM10 melter system at successively higher waste loadings to determine the maximum waste loading without themore » formation of a separate sulfate salt phase. Small scale corrosion testing was also conducted using the glass developed in the present work, the glass developed in the initial phase of this work [26], and a high iron composition, all at maximum sulfur concentrations determined from melter testing, in order to assess the extent of Inconel 690 and MA758 corrosion at elevated sulfate contents.« less

  9. Little Ice Age mapping as a tool for identifying hazard in the paraglacial environment: The case study of Trentino (Eastern Italian Alps)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zanoner, Thomas; Carton, Alberto; Seppi, Roberto; Carturan, Luca; Baroni, Carlo; Salvatore, Maria Cristina; Zumiani, Matteo

    2017-10-01

    The Little Ice Age (LIA) is a well-recognized climatic event during which the glaciers in the Alps advanced and reached their maximum Holocene extent. During their retreat following the LIA, the glaciers left large areas of loose or poorly consolidated glacial deposits in their forelands, which are subject to paraglacial reworking and may represent potential hazards for human infrastructures. In this study, we present a regional scale mapping of the LIA and post-LIA glacial deposits and a reconstruction of the maximum LIA extents of glaciers in the same area. This work is motivated by a local law requiring the classification of areas subject to natural hazards in Trentino (Italian Alps). Results highlight that glaciers shrunk by 63% from the LIA maximum, leaving 30 km2 of unconsolidated deposits, which are subject to geomorphic paraglacial processes. Potentially hazardous consequences can occur, in particular, during high-magnitude instantaneous events, causing debris and mud flows, mass wasting from debris-covered ice, and floods from small moraine-dammed lakes.

  10. 5 CFR 1653.23 - Processing and payment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... PROCESSES AFFECTING THRIFT SAVINGS PLAN ACCOUNTS Child Abuse Court Orders § 1653.23 Processing and payment. To the maximum extent consistent with sections 8437(e)(3) and 8467(a)(2), child abuse court orders...

  11. 5 CFR 1653.23 - Processing and payment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... PROCESSES AFFECTING THRIFT SAVINGS PLAN ACCOUNTS Child Abuse Court Orders § 1653.23 Processing and payment. To the maximum extent consistent with sections 8437(e)(3) and 8467(a)(2), child abuse court orders...

  12. 5 CFR 1653.23 - Processing and payment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... PROCESSES AFFECTING THRIFT SAVINGS PLAN ACCOUNTS Child Abuse Court Orders § 1653.23 Processing and payment. To the maximum extent consistent with sections 8437(e)(3) and 8467(a)(2), child abuse court orders...

  13. 5 CFR 1653.23 - Processing and payment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... PROCESSES AFFECTING THRIFT SAVINGS PLAN ACCOUNTS Child Abuse Court Orders § 1653.23 Processing and payment. To the maximum extent consistent with sections 8437(e)(3) and 8467(a)(2), child abuse court orders...

  14. 5 CFR 1653.23 - Processing and payment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... PROCESSES AFFECTING THRIFT SAVINGS PLAN ACCOUNTS Child Abuse Court Orders § 1653.23 Processing and payment. To the maximum extent consistent with sections 8437(e)(3) and 8467(a)(2), child abuse court orders...

  15. How Learning Problems Are Managed

    MedlinePlus

    ... Individuals with Disabilities Act is that students with disabilities be educated alongside their nondisabled peers to the maximum extent possible. By that standard, the ideal situation is inclusion: being taught in a regular classroom in the ...

  16. 32 CFR 101.8 - Reserve training in sovereign foreign nations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... training as they consider appropriate for members of the Reserve components who may be temporarily residing... the maximum extent to augment Defense Attache Offices before the continental United States-based...

  17. 32 CFR 101.8 - Reserve training in sovereign foreign nations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... training as they consider appropriate for members of the Reserve components who may be temporarily residing... the maximum extent to augment Defense Attache Offices before the continental United States-based...

  18. 32 CFR 101.8 - Reserve training in sovereign foreign nations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... training as they consider appropriate for members of the Reserve components who may be temporarily residing... the maximum extent to augment Defense Attache Offices before the continental United States-based...

  19. 32 CFR 101.8 - Reserve training in sovereign foreign nations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... training as they consider appropriate for members of the Reserve components who may be temporarily residing... the maximum extent to augment Defense Attache Offices before the continental United States-based...

  20. 32 CFR 101.8 - Reserve training in sovereign foreign nations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... training as they consider appropriate for members of the Reserve components who may be temporarily residing... the maximum extent to augment Defense Attache Offices before the continental United States-based...

  1. Global Snow-Cover Evolution from Twenty Years of Satellite Passive Microwave Data

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Mognard, N.M.; Kouraev, A.V.; Josberger, E.G.

    2003-01-01

    Starting in 1979 with the SMMR (Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer) instrument onboard the satellite NIMBUS-7 and continuing since 1987 with the SSMI (Special Sensor Microwave Imager) instrument on board the DMSP (Defence Meteorological Satellite Program) series, more then twenty years of satellite passive microwave data are now available. This dataset has been processed to analyse the evolution of the global snow cover. This work is part of the AICSEX project from the 5th Framework Programme of the European Community. The spatio-temporal evolution of the satellite-derived yearly snow maximum extent and the timing of the spring snow melt were estimated and analysed over the Northern Hemisphere. Significant differences between the evolution of the yearly maximum snow extent in Eurasia and in North America were found. A positive correlation between the maximum yearly snow cover extent and the ENSO index was obtained. High interannual spatio-temporal variability characterises the timing of snow melt in the spring. Twenty-year trends in the timing of spring snow melt have been computed and compared with spring air temperature trends for the same period and the same area. In most parts of Eurasia and in the central and western parts of North America the tendency has been for earlier snow melt. In northeastern Canada, a large area of positive trends, where snow melt timing starts later than in the early 1980s, corresponds to a region of positive trends of spring air temperature observed over the same period.

  2. Infection Prevention Practices in Japan, Thailand, and the United States: Results From National Surveys.

    PubMed

    Krein, Sarah L; Greene, M Todd; Apisarnthanarak, Anucha; Sakamoto, Fumie; Tokuda, Yasuharu; Sakihama, Tomoko; Fowler, Karen E; Ratz, David; Saint, Sanjay

    2017-05-15

    Numerous evidence-based practices for preventing device-associated infections are available, yet the extent to which these practices are regularly used in acute care hospitals across different countries has not been compared, to our knowledge. Data from hospital surveys conducted in Japan, the United States, and Thailand in 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively, were evaluated to determine the use of recommended practices to prevent central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). The outcomes were the percentage of hospitals reporting regular use (a score of 4 or 5 on a scale from 1 [never use] to 5 [always use]) of each practice across countries and identified hospital characteristics associated with the use of selected practices in each country. Survey response rates were 71% in Japan and the United States and 87% in Thailand. A majority of hospitals in Japan (76.6%), Thailand (63.2%), and the United States (97.8%) used maximum barrier precautions for preventing CLABSI and semirecumbent positioning to prevent VAP (66.2% for Japan, 86.7% for Thailand, and 98.7% for the United States). Nearly all hospitals (>90%) in Thailand and the United States reported monitoring CLABSI, VAP, and CAUTI rates, whereas in Japan only CLABSI rates were monitored by a majority of hospitals. Regular use of CAUTI prevention practices was variable across the 3 countries, with only a few practices adopted by >50% of hospitals. A majority of hospitals in Japan, Thailand, and the United States have adopted certain practices to prevent CLABSI and VAP. Opportunities for targeting prevention activities and reducing device-associated infection risk in hospitals exist across all 3 countries. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2017. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.

  3. Surface exposure chronology of the Waimakariri glacial sequence in the Southern Alps of New Zealand: Implications for MIS-2 ice extent and LGM glacial mass balance

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rother, Henrik; Shulmeister, James; Fink, David; Alexander, David; Bell, David

    2015-11-01

    During the late Quaternary, the Southern Alps of New Zealand experienced multiple episodes of glaciation with large piedmont glaciers reaching the coastal plains in the west and expanding into the eastern alpine forelands. Here, we present a new 10Be exposure age chronology for a moraine sequence in the Waimakariri Valley (N-Canterbury), which has long been used as a reference record for correlating glacial events across New Zealand and the wider Southern Hemisphere. Our data indicate that the Waimakariri glacier reached its maximum last glaciation extent prior to ∼26 ka well before the global last glaciation maximum (LGM). This was followed by a gradual reduction in ice volume and the abandonment of the innermost LGM moraines at about 17.5 ka. Significantly, we find that during its maximum extent, the Waimakariri glacier overflowed the Avoca Plateau, previously believed to represent a mid-Pleistocene glacial surface (i.e. MIS 8). At the same time, the glacier extended to a position downstream of the Waimakariri Gorge, some 15 km beyond the previously mapped LGM ice limit. We use a simple steady-state mass balance model to test the sensitivity of past glacial accumulation to various climatic parameters, and to evaluate possible climate scenarios capable of generating the ice volume required to reach the full local-LGM extent. Model outcomes indicate that under New Zealand's oceanic setting, a cooling of 5 °C, assuming modern precipitation levels, or a cooling of 6.5 °C, assuming a one third reduction in precipitation, would suffice to drive the Waimakariri glacier to the eastern alpine forelands (Canterbury Plains). Our findings demonstrate that the scale of LGM glaciation in the Waimakariri Valley and adjacent major catchments, both in terms of ice volume and downvalley ice extent, has been significantly underestimated. Our observation that high-lying glacial surfaces, so far believed to represent much older glacial episodes, were glaciated during the LGM, challenges the conventional geomorphic model of glaciation in New Zealand where the vertical arrangement of glacial landform-associations is used to assign successively older glaciation ages.

  4. 22 CFR 217.23 - New construction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... affect the usability of the facility or part of the facility shall, to the maximum extent feasible, be... equivalent or greater access to and usability of the building is provided. (2) For purposes of this section...

  5. 7 CFR 15b.19 - New construction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... affect the usability of the facility or part of the facility shall to the maximum extent feasible, be... equivalent or greater access to and usability of the building is provided. (2) For purposes of this section...

  6. 22 CFR 142.17 - New construction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... could affect the usability of the facility or part of the facility shall, to the maximum extent feasible... equivalent or greater access to and usability of the building is provided. (2) For purposes of this section...

  7. 7 CFR 15b.19 - New construction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... affect the usability of the facility or part of the facility shall to the maximum extent feasible, be... equivalent or greater access to and usability of the building is provided. (2) For purposes of this section...

  8. 22 CFR 142.17 - New construction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... could affect the usability of the facility or part of the facility shall, to the maximum extent feasible... equivalent or greater access to and usability of the building is provided. (2) For purposes of this section...

  9. 22 CFR 217.23 - New construction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... affect the usability of the facility or part of the facility shall, to the maximum extent feasible, be... equivalent or greater access to and usability of the building is provided. (2) For purposes of this section...

  10. 22 CFR 217.23 - New construction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... affect the usability of the facility or part of the facility shall, to the maximum extent feasible, be... equivalent or greater access to and usability of the building is provided. (2) For purposes of this section...

  11. 7 CFR 15b.19 - New construction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... affect the usability of the facility or part of the facility shall to the maximum extent feasible, be... equivalent or greater access to and usability of the building is provided. (2) For purposes of this section...

  12. The Extent of Practicing the Skills of Team Work Leadership among Heads of Departments in Directorate of Education in Methnb, Saudi Arabia: A Field Study

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Alotaibi, Norah Muhayya; Tayeb, Aziza

    2016-01-01

    Sound leadership has an important role in achieving the success of any institution; so the leader must possess some work team leadership skills such as decision-taking, communication, motivation, conflict management and meeting management. The current study is an attempt to identify the extent of practicing team work leadership skills among the…

  13. The Use of Large-Scale Assessment (PISA): Insights for Policy and Practice in the Case of Hong Kong

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sui Chu Ho, Esther

    2016-01-01

    This paper examines to what extent and how the data and results of PISA have been used for various education stakeholders and to what extent PISA affect educational policy and practices in Hong Kong. From the point of view of the government, PISA has played an important role in supporting and legitimising government educational reform since 2000.…

  14. Spatial and temporal variations in high turbidity surface water off the Thule region, northwestern Greenland

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ohashi, Yoshihiko; Iida, Takahiro; Sugiyama, Shin; Aoki, Shigeru

    2016-09-01

    Glacial meltwater discharge from the Greenland ice sheet and ice caps forms high turbidity water in the proglacial ocean off the Greenland coast. Although the timing and magnitude of high turbidity water export affect the coastal marine environment, for example, through impacts on biological productivity, little is known about the characteristics of this high turbidity water. In this paper, we therefore report on the spatial and temporal variations in high turbidity water off the Thule region in northwestern Greenland, based on remote sensing reflectance data at a wavelength of 555 nm (Rrs555). The high turbidity area, identified on the basis of high reflectivity (Rrs555 ≥ 0.0070 sr-1), was generally distributed near the coast, where many outlet glaciers terminate in the ocean and on land. The extent of the high turbidity area exhibited substantial seasonal and interannual variability, and its annual maximum extent was significantly correlated with summer air temperature. Assuming a linear relationship between the high turbidity area and summer temperature, annual maximum extent increases under the influence of increasing glacial meltwater discharge, as can be inferred from present and predicted future warming trends.

  15. Variation of thermal parameters in two different color morphs of a diurnal poison toad, Melanophryniscus rubriventris (Anura: Bufonidae).

    PubMed

    Sanabria, Eduardo A; Vaira, Marcos; Quiroga, Lorena B; Akmentins, Mauricio S; Pereyra, Laura C

    2014-04-01

    We study the variation in thermal parameters in two contrasting populations Yungas Redbelly Toads (Melanophryniscus rubriventris) with different discrete color phenotypes comparing field body temperatures, critical thermal maximum and heating rates. We found significant differences in field body temperatures of the different morphs. Temperatures were higher in toads with a high extent of dorsal melanization. No variation was registered in operative temperatures between the study locations at the moment of capture and processing. Critical thermal maximum of toads was positively related with the extent of dorsal melanization. Furthermore, we founded significant differences in heating rates between morphs, where individuals with a high extent of dorsal melanization showed greater heating rates than toads with lower dorsal melanization. The color pattern-thermal parameter relationship observed may influence the activity patterns and body size of individuals. Body temperature is a modulator of physiological and behavioral functions in amphibians, influencing daily and seasonal activity, locomotor performance, digestion rate and growth rate. It is possible that some growth constraints may arise due to the relationship of color pattern-metabolism allowing different morphs to attain similar sizes at different locations instead of body-size clines. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  16. Small Drinking Water System Variances

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Small system variances allow a small system to install and maintain technology that can remove a contaminant to the maximum extent that is affordable and protective of public health in lieu of technology that can achieve compliance with the regulation.

  17. Mountain glaciation and paleoclimate reconstruction in the Picos de Europa (Iberian Peninsula, SW Europe)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Serrano, Enrique; González-Trueba, Juan José; González-García, María

    2012-09-01

    Geomorphic mapping and stratigraphic analysis of a lake core document the late Quaternary glacial history of the Central and Eastern Massifs of the Picos de Europa, northwestern Spain. The distribution of glacial deposits indicates that at their most advanced positions glaciers occupied 9.1 km2, extended as far as 7 km down-valley and had an estimated equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) ranging between 1666 and 1722 m. Radiocarbon dating of sediment deposited in a lake dammed by moraines of this advance show that the maximum glacial extent was prior to 35,280 ± 440 cal yr BP. This advance was followed by two subsequent but less extensive late Pleistocene advances, recorded by multiple moraines flanking both massifs and sedimentary characteristics in the lake deposits. The last recognized glacial episode is the 19th-century maximum extent of small Little Ice Age glaciers in the highest cirques above 2200 m.

  18. Simple Statistical Model to Quantify Maximum Expected EMC in Spacecraft and Avionics Boxes

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Trout, Dawn H.; Bremner, Paul

    2014-01-01

    This study shows cumulative distribution function (CDF) comparisons of composite a fairing electromagnetic field data obtained by computational electromagnetic 3D full wave modeling and laboratory testing. Test and model data correlation is shown. In addition, this presentation shows application of the power balance and extention of this method to predict the variance and maximum exptected mean of the E-field data. This is valuable for large scale evaluations of transmission inside cavities.

  19. Research of PV Power Generation MPPT based on GABP Neural Network

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Su, Yu; Lin, Xianfu

    2018-05-01

    Photovoltaic power generation has become the main research direction of new energy power generation. But high investment and low efficiency of photovoltaic industry arouse concern in some extent. So maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic power generation has been a popular study point. Due to slow response, oscillation at maximum power point and low precision, the algorithm based on genetic algorithm combined with BP neural network are designed detailedly in this paper. And the modeling and simulation are completed by use of MATLAB/SIMULINK. The results show that the algorithm is effective and the maximum power point can be tracked accurately and quickly.

  20. Late Pleistocene glaciation of the Mt Giluwe volcano, Papua New Guinea

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Barrows, T.T.; Hope, G.S.; Prentice, M.L.; Fifield, L.K.; Tims, S.G.

    2011-01-01

    The Mt Giluwe shield volcano was the largest area glaciated in Papua New Guinea during the Pleistocene. Despite minimal cooling of the sea surface during the last glacial maximum, glaciers reached elevations as low as 3200 m. To investigate changes in the extent of ice through time we have re-mapped evidence for glaciation on the southwest flank of Mt Giluwe. We find that an ice cap has formed on the flanks of the mountain on at least three, and probably four, separate occasions. To constrain the ages of these glaciations we present 39 new cosmogenic 36Cl exposure ages complemented by new radiocarbon dates. Direct dating of the moraines identifies that the maximum extent of glaciation on the mountain was not during the last glacial maximum as previously thought. In conjunction with existing potassium/argon and radiocarbon dating, we recognise four distinct glacial periods between 293-306 ka (Gogon Glaciation), 136-158 ka (Mengane Glaciation), centred at 62 ka (Komia Glaciation) and from >20.3-11.5 ka (Tongo Glaciation). The temperature difference relative to the present during the Tongo Glaciation is likely to be of the order of at least 5 ??C which is a minimum difference for the previous glaciations. During the Tongo Glaciation, ice was briefly at its maximum for less than 1000 years, but stayed near maximum levels for nearly 4000 years, until about 15.4 ka. Over the next 4000 years there was more rapid retreat with ice free conditions by the early Holocene. ?? 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

  1. Maximum Power Training and Plyometrics for Cross-Country Running.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ebben, William P.

    2001-01-01

    Provides a rationale for maximum power training and plyometrics as conditioning strategies for cross-country runners, examining: an evaluation of training methods (strength training and maximum power training and plyometrics); biomechanic and velocity specificity (role in preventing injury); and practical application of maximum power training and…

  2. Pressure as a limit to bloater (Coregonus hoyi) vertical migration

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    TeWinkel, Leslie M.; Fleischer, Guy W.

    1998-01-01

    Observations of bloater vertical migration showed a limit to the vertical depth changes that bloater experience. In this paper, we conducted an analysis of maximum differences in pressure encountered by bloater during vertical migration. Throughout the bottom depths studied, bloater experienced maximum reductions in swim bladder volume equal to approximately 50-60% of the volume in midwater. The analysis indicated that the limit in vertical depth change may be related to a maximum level of positive or negative buoyancy for which bloater can compensate using alternative mechanisms such as hydrodynamic lift. Bloater may be limited in the extent of migration by either their depth of neutral buoyancy or the distance above the depth of neutral buoyancy at which they can still maintain their position in the water column. Although a migration limit for the bloater population was evident, individual distances of migration varied at each site. These variations in migration distances may indicate differences in depths of neutral buoyancy within the population. However, in spite of these variations, the strong correlation between shallowest depths of migration and swim bladder volume reduction across depths provides evidence that hydrostatic pressure limits the extent of daily vertical movement in bloater.

  3. Spatial-temporal characteristics of lightning flash size in a supercell storm

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Zhixiao; Zheng, Dong; Zhang, Yijun; Lu, Gaopeng

    2017-11-01

    The flash sizes of a supercell storm, in New Mexico on October 5, 2004, are studied using the observations from the New Mexico Lightning Mapping Array and the Albuquerque, New Mexico, Doppler radar (KABX). First, during the temporal evolution of the supercell, the mean flash size is anti-correlated with the flash rate, following a unary power function, with a correlation coefficient of - 0.87. In addition, the mean flash size is linearly correlated with the area of reflectivity > 30 dBZ at 5 km normalized by the flash rate, with a correlation coefficient of 0.88. Second, in the horizontal, flash size increases along the direction from the region near the convection zone to the adjacent forward anvil. The region of minimum flash size usually corresponds to the region of maximum flash initiation and extent density. The horizontal correspondence between the mean flash size and the flash extent density can also be fitted by a unary power function, and the correlation coefficient is > 0.5 in 50% of the radar volume scans. Furthermore, the quality of fit is positively correlated to the convective intensity. Third, in the vertical direction, the height of the maximum flash initiation density is close to the height of maximum flash extent density, but corresponds to the height where the mean flash size is relatively small. In the discussion, the distribution of the small and dense charge regions when and where convection is vigorous in the storm, is deduced to be responsible for the relationship that flash size is temporally and spatially anti-correlated with flash rate and density, and the convective intensity.

  4. Surface Exposure Dating of the Huancané III Moraines in Peru: A Record of Quelccaya Ice Cap's Maximum Extent during the Last Glacial Period

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Baranes, H. E.; Kelly, M. A.; Stroup, J. S.; Howley, J. A.; Lowell, T. V.

    2012-12-01

    The climatic conditions that influenced the tropics during the height of the last glacial period are not well defined and controversial. There are disparities in estimates of temperature anomalies (e.g., MARGO, 2009; Rind and Peteet, 1985; CLIMAP, 1976), and critical terrestrial paleotemperature proxy records in tropical regions are poorly dated (e.g., Porter, 2001). Defining these conditions is important for understanding the mechanisms that cause major shifts in climate, as the tropics are a primary driver of atmospheric and oceanic circulation. This study aims to constrain the timing of maximum glacier extents in the Cordillera Oriental in southern Peru during the last glacial period by applying surface exposure (beryllium-10) dating to the Huancané III (Hu-III) moraines. The Hu-III moraines mark the maximum extent of Quelccaya Ice Cap (QIC) (13.93°S, 70.83°W), the largest tropical ice cap, during the last ice age. The eight beryllium-10 ages presented here yield 17,056 ± 520 yrs ago as a minimum age for the onset of recession from the ice cap advance marked by the Hu-III moraines. Comparing this age to other paleoclimate records indicates that the ice cap advance marked by the Hu-III moraines is more likely associated with a North Atlantic climate event known as Heinrich I (H1; 16,800 yrs ago, Bond et al., 1992, 1993) than with global cooling at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ~21,000 yrs ago, Denton and Hughes, 1981). This result suggests that climate processes in the North Atlantic region are linked to climatic conditions in the tropical Andes. A mesoscale climate model and an ice-flow model are currently being developed for QIC. The moraine data presented in this study will be used with these two models to test response of QIC to North Atlantic and global climate events.

  5. How Many Seals Were There? The Global Shelf Loss during the Last Glacial Maximum and Its Effect on the Size and Distribution of Grey Seal Populations

    PubMed Central

    Boehme, Lars; Thompson, Dave; Fedak, Mike; Bowen, Don; Hammill, Mike O.; Stenson, Garry B.

    2012-01-01

    Predicting how marine mammal populations respond to habitat changes will be essential for developing conservation management strategies in the 21st century. Responses to previous environmental change may be informative in the development of predictive models. Here we describe the likely effects of the last ice age on grey seal population size and distribution. We use satellite telemetry data to define grey seal foraging habitat in terms of the temperature and depth ranges exploited by the contemporary populations. We estimate the available extent of such habitat in the North Atlantic at present (between 1.42·106 km2 and 2.07·106 km2) and at the last glacial maximum (between 4.74·104 km2 and 2.11·105 km2); taking account of glacial and seasonal sea-ice coverage, estimated reductions of sea-level (123 m) and sea surface temperature hind-casts. Most of the extensive continental shelf waters (North Sea, Baltic Sea and Scotian Shelf), currently supporting >95% of grey seals, were unavailable during the last glacial maximum. A combination of lower sea-level and extensive ice-sheets, massively increased seasonal sea-ice coverage and southerly extent of cold water would have pushed grey seals into areas with no significant shelf waters. The habitat during the last glacial maximum might have been as small as 3% of today's extent and grey seal populations may have fallen to similarly low numbers. An alternative scenario involving a major change to a pelagic or bathy-pelagic foraging niche cannot be discounted. However, hooded seals currently dominate that niche and may have excluded grey seals from such habitat. If as seems likely, the grey seal population fell to very low levels it would have remained low for several thousand years before expanding into current habitats over the past 12,000 years or so. PMID:23300843

  6. Glaciolacustrine deposits formed in an ice-dammed tributary valley in the south-central Pyrenees: New evidence for late Pleistocene climate

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sancho, Carlos; Arenas, Concha; Pardo, Gonzalo; Peña-Monné, José Luis; Rhodes, Edward J.; Bartolomé, Miguel; García-Ruiz, José M.; Martí-Bono, Carlos

    2018-04-01

    Combined geomorphic features, stratigraphic characteristics and sedimentologic interpretation, coupled with optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dates, of a glacio-fluvio-lacustrine sequence (Linás de Broto, northern Spain) provide new information to understand the palaeoenvironmental significance of dynamics of glacier systems in the south-central Pyrenees during the Last Glacial Cycle (≈130 ka to 14 ka). The Linás de Broto depositional system consisted of a proglacial lake fed primarily by meltwater streams emanating from the small Sorrosal glacier and dammed by a lateral moraine of the Ara trunk glacier. The resulting glacio-fluvio-lacustrine sequence, around 55 m thick, is divided into five lithological units consisting of braided fluvial (gravel deposits), lake margin (gravel and sand deltaic deposits) and distal lake (silt and clay laminites) facies associations. Evolution of the depositional environment reflects three phases of progradation of a high-energy braided fluvial system separated by two phases of rapid expansion of the lake. Fluvial progradation occurred during short periods of ice melting. Lake expansion concurred with ice-dam growth of the trunk glacier. The first lake expansion occurred over a time range between 55 ± 9 ka and 49 ± 11 ka, and is consistent with the age of the Viu lateral moraine (49 ± 8 ka), which marks the maximum areal extent of the Ara glacier during the Last Glacial Cycle. These dates confirm that the maximum areal extent of the glacier occurred during Marine Isotope Stages 4 and 3 in the south-central Pyrenees, thus before the Last Glacial Maximum. The evolution of the Linás de Broto depositional system during this maximum glacier extent was modulated by climate oscillations in the northern Iberian Peninsula, probably related to latitudinal shifts of the atmospheric circulation in the southern North-Atlantic Ocean, and variations in summer insolation intensity.

  7. 41 CFR 102-118.115 - Must my agency use a GBL?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... the maximum extent possible. Effective March 31, 2002, your agency must phase out the use of the... for international shipments. [65 FR 24569, Apr. 26, 2000, as amended at 66 FR 48812, Sept. 24, 2001] ...

  8. Application of the Maximum Entropy Method to Risk Analysis of Mergers and Acquisitions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Xie, Jigang; Song, Wenyun

    The maximum entropy (ME) method can be used to analyze the risk of mergers and acquisitions when only pre-acquisition information is available. A practical example of the risk analysis of China listed firms’ mergers and acquisitions is provided to testify the feasibility and practicality of the method.

  9. Electronic health record "super-users" and "under-users" in ambulatory care practices.

    PubMed

    Rumball-Smith, Juliet; Shekelle, Paul; Damberg, Cheryl L

    2018-01-01

    This study explored variation in the extent of use of electronic health record (EHR)-based health information technology (IT) functionalities across US ambulatory care practices. Use of health IT functionalities in ambulatory care is important for delivering high-quality care, including that provided in coordination with multiple practitioners. We used data from the 2014 Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society Analytics survey. The responses of 30,123 ambulatory practices with an operational EHR were analyzed to examine the extent of use of EHR-based health IT functionalities for each practice. We created a novel framework for classifying ambulatory care practices employing 7 domains of health IT functionality. Drawing from the survey responses, we created a composite "use" variable indicating the extent of health IT functionality use across these domains. "Super-user" practices were defined as having near-full employment of the 7 domains of health IT functionalities and "under-users" as those with minimal or no use of health IT functionalities. We used multivariable logistic regression to investigate how the odds of super-use and under-use varied by practice size, type, urban or rural location, and geographic region. Seventy-three percent of practices were not using EHR technologies to their full capability, and nearly 40% were classified as under-users. Under-user practices were more likely to be of smaller size, situated in the West, and located outside a metropolitan area. To achieve the broader benefits of the EHR and health IT, health systems and policy makers need to identify and address barriers to full use of health IT functionalities.

  10. Japanese practicing physicians' relationships with pharmaceutical representatives: a national survey.

    PubMed

    Saito, Sayaka; Mukohara, Kei; Bito, Seiji

    2010-08-13

    Previous surveys on the relationship between physicians and pharmaceutical representatives (PRs) have been of limited quality. The purpose of our survey of practicing physicians in Japan was to assess the extent of their involvement in pharmaceutical promotional activities, physician characteristics that predict such involvement, attitudes toward relationships with PRs, correlations between the extent of involvement and attitudes, and differences in the extent of involvement according to self-reported prescribing behaviors. From January to March 2008, we conducted a national survey of 2621 practicing physicians in seven specialties: internal medicine, general surgery, orthopedic surgery, pediatrics, obstetrics-gynecology, psychiatry, and ophthalmology. The response rate was 54%. Most physicians met with PRs (98%), received drug samples (85%) and stationery (96%), and participated in industry-sponsored continuing medical education (CME) events at the workplace (80%) and outside the workplace (93%). Half accepted meals outside the workplace (49%) and financial subsidies to attend CME events (49%). Rules at the workplace banning both meetings with PRs and gifts predicted less involvement of physicians in promotional activities. Physicians valued information from PRs. They believed that they were unlikely to be influenced by promotional activities, but that their colleagues were more susceptible to such influence than themselves. They were divided about the appropriateness of low-value gifts. The extent of physician involvement in promotional activities was positively correlated with the attitudes that PRs are a valuable source of information and that gifts are appropriate. The extent of such involvement was higher among physicians who prefer to ask PRs for information when a new medication becomes available, physicians who are not satisfied with patient encounters ending only with advice, and physicians who prefer to prescribe brand-name medications. Involvement in pharmaceutical promotional activities is widespread among practicing physicians in Japan. The extent of such involvement varies according to certain physician characteristics. As a group, they are at risk for influence by promotional activities.

  11. 45 CFR 84.34 - Educational setting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... extracurricular services and activities, including meals, recess periods, and the services and activities set... HANDICAP IN PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES RECEIVING FEDERAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE Preschool, Elementary, and... nonhandicapped persons in such activities and services to the maximum extent appropriate to the needs of the...

  12. 45 CFR 84.34 - Educational setting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... extracurricular services and activities, including meals, recess periods, and the services and activities set... HANDICAP IN PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES RECEIVING FEDERAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE Preschool, Elementary, and... nonhandicapped persons in such activities and services to the maximum extent appropriate to the needs of the...

  13. 45 CFR 84.34 - Educational setting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... extracurricular services and activities, including meals, recess periods, and the services and activities set... HANDICAP IN PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES RECEIVING FEDERAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE Preschool, Elementary, and... nonhandicapped persons in such activities and services to the maximum extent appropriate to the needs of the...

  14. 45 CFR 84.34 - Educational setting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... extracurricular services and activities, including meals, recess periods, and the services and activities set... HANDICAP IN PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES RECEIVING FEDERAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE Preschool, Elementary, and... nonhandicapped persons in such activities and services to the maximum extent appropriate to the needs of the...

  15. 45 CFR 84.34 - Educational setting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... extracurricular services and activities, including meals, recess periods, and the services and activities set... HANDICAP IN PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES RECEIVING FEDERAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE Preschool, Elementary, and... nonhandicapped persons in such activities and services to the maximum extent appropriate to the needs of the...

  16. 40 CFR 60.54c - Siting requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... consider air pollution control alternatives that minimize, on a site-specific basis, to the maximum extent..., as long as they include the consideration of air pollution control alternatives specified in....54c Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED...

  17. NIST mixed stain study 3: signal intensity balance in commercial short tandem repeat multiplexes.

    PubMed

    Duewer, David L; Kline, Margaret C; Redman, Janette W; Butler, John M

    2004-12-01

    Short-tandem repeat (STR) allelic intensities were collected from more than 60 forensic laboratories for a suite of seven samples as part of the National Institute of Standards and Technology-coordinated 2001 Mixed Stain Study 3 (MSS3). These interlaboratory challenge data illuminate the relative importance of intrinsic and user-determined factors affecting the locus-to-locus balance of signal intensities for currently used STR multiplexes. To varying degrees, seven of the eight commercially produced multiplexes used by MSS3 participants displayed very similar patterns of intensity differences among the different loci probed by the multiplexes for all samples, in the hands of multiple analysts, with a variety of supplies and instruments. These systematic differences reflect intrinsic properties of the individual multiplexes, not user-controllable measurement practices. To the extent that quality systems specify minimum and maximum absolute intensities for data acceptability and data interpretation schema require among-locus balance, these intrinsic intensity differences may decrease the utility of multiplex results and surely increase the cost of analysis.

  18. Map of impact by acid mine drainage in the river network of The Iberian Pyrite Belt (Sw Spain).

    PubMed

    Grande, J A; Santisteban, M; de la Torre, M L; Dávila, J M; Pérez-Ostalé, E

    2018-05-01

    The Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB), in the southwest of Europe, is characterized by high levels of contamination by acid mine drainage (AMD) in a large extent of its river network. In this scenario, it is necessary to characterize the degree of pollution of the mining leachates in the AMD-generating sources as well as of the main receiving watercourses. A map of impact of each basin was developed, based on the model proposed by Grande (2011) and the European Directive 98/83/EC that defines the quality standards for drinking water. The results indicate that practically all the mining leachates exceeded the maximum concentrations established by Directive 98/83/CE for Fe and Cd, almost 90% exceeded the limit for Mn and 82% for Al. Likewise, Fe, Cd, and Mn caused 'extremely high' degradation in most sampled leachates. Similarly, these metals, in addition to Pb, produced more pollution in watercourses located downstream of exploitations. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  19. A comprehensive overview of radioguided surgery using gamma detection probe technology

    PubMed Central

    Povoski, Stephen P; Neff, Ryan L; Mojzisik, Cathy M; O'Malley, David M; Hinkle, George H; Hall, Nathan C; Murrey, Douglas A; Knopp, Michael V; Martin, Edward W

    2009-01-01

    The concept of radioguided surgery, which was first developed some 60 years ago, involves the use of a radiation detection probe system for the intraoperative detection of radionuclides. The use of gamma detection probe technology in radioguided surgery has tremendously expanded and has evolved into what is now considered an established discipline within the practice of surgery, revolutionizing the surgical management of many malignancies, including breast cancer, melanoma, and colorectal cancer, as well as the surgical management of parathyroid disease. The impact of radioguided surgery on the surgical management of cancer patients includes providing vital and real-time information to the surgeon regarding the location and extent of disease, as well as regarding the assessment of surgical resection margins. Additionally, it has allowed the surgeon to minimize the surgical invasiveness of many diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, while still maintaining maximum benefit to the cancer patient. In the current review, we have attempted to comprehensively evaluate the history, technical aspects, and clinical applications of radioguided surgery using gamma detection probe technology. PMID:19173715

  20. NASA's Plans for Materials Science on ISS: Cooperative Utilization of the MSRR-MSL

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Chiaramonte, Francis; Szofran, Frank

    2008-01-01

    The ISS Research Project draws Life (non-human) and Physical Sciences investigations on the ISS, free flyer and ground-based into one coordinated project. The project has two categories: I. Exploration Research Program: a) Utilizes the ISS as a low Technology Readiness Level (TRL) test bed for technology development, demonstration and problem resolution in the areas of life support, fire safety, power, propulsion, thermal management, materials technology, habitat design, etc.; b) Will include endorsement letters from other ETDP projects to show relevancy. II. Non-Exploration Research Program; a) Not directly related to supporting the human exploration program. Research conducted in the life (non-human) and physical sciences; b) The program will sustain, to the maximum extent practicable, the United States scientific expertise and research capability in fundamental microgravity research. Physical Sciences has about 44 grants, and Life Sciences has approximately 32 grants, mostly with universities, to conduct low TRL research; this includes grants to be awarded from the 2008 Fluid Physics and Life Science NRA's.

  1. Triplet-triplet annihilation in highly efficient fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes: current state and future outlook.

    PubMed

    Kondakov, Denis Y

    2015-06-28

    Studies of delayed electroluminescence in highly efficient fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) of many dissimilar architectures indicate that the triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) significantly increases yield of excited singlet states-emitting molecules in this type of device thereby contributes substantially to their efficiency. Towards the end of the 2000s, the essential role of TTA in realizing highly efficient fluorescent devices was widely recognized. Analysis of a diverse set of fluorescent OLEDs shows that high efficiencies are often cor-related to TTA extents. It is therefore likely that it is the long-term empirical optimization of OLED efficiencies that has resulted in fortuitous emergence of TTA as a large and ubiquitous contributor to efficiency. TTA contributions as high as 20-30% are common in the state-of-the-art OLEDs, and even become dominant in special cases, where TTA is shown to substantially exceed the spin-statistical limit. The fundamental features of OLED efficiency enhancement via TTA-molecular structure-dependent contributions, current density-dependent intensities in practical devices and frequently observed antagonistic relationships between TTA extent and OLED lifetime-came to be understood over the course of the next few years. More recently, however, there was much less reported progress with respect to all-important quantitative details of the TTA mechanism. It should be emphasized that, to this day and despite the decades of work on improving blue phosphorescent OLEDs as well as the recent advent of thermally activated delayed fluorescence OLEDs, the majority of practical blue OLEDs still rely on TTA. Considering such practical importance of fluorescent blue OLEDs, the design of blue OLED-compatible materials capable of substantially exceeding the spin-statistical limit in TTA, elimination of the antagonistic relationship between TTA-related efficiency gains and lifetime losses, and designing devices with an extended range of current densities producing near-maximum TTA electroluminescence are the areas where future improvements would be most beneficial. © 2015 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.

  2. Bedrock Denudation on Titan: Estimates of Vertical Extent and Lateral Debris Dispersion

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Moore, Jeffrey; Howard, A. D.; Schenk, Paul Michael

    2013-01-01

    Methane rainfall and runoff, along with aeolian activity, have dominated the sculpting of Titan s landscape. A knowledge of the vertical extent of bedrock erosion and the lateral extent of the resulting sediment is useful for several purposes [1]. For instance, what is the magnitude and expression of modification of constructional landforms (e.g., mountains)? Does highland denudation and the filling of basins with sediment cause adjustments (uplift and subsidence) in the crustal ice shell? Here we report preliminary findings of putative eroded craters and the results of landform evolution modeling (Fig. 1) that suggest that approx. 250 m of net bedrock erosion has at least locally taken place and approx.1 km of maximum local erosion.

  3. 40 CFR 35.3005 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... public funds. Overview will also include review of the State management process to ensure it is efficient... management of the wastewater treatment works construction grant program to the maximum extent possible consistent with the objectives of the Act, prudent fiscal management, and EPA's overall national...

  4. MAXIMIZE THE EFFICIENCY OF PUMP AND TREAT SYSTEMS

    EPA Science Inventory

    This paper focuses on methodology for determing extent of hydraulic control and remediation effectiveness of site specific pump and treat systems. Maximum potential well yield is estimated on the basis of hydraulic characteristics described by the cooper and Jacob Equation. A ma...

  5. EVALUATION OF POHC AND PIC SCREENING METHODS

    EPA Science Inventory

    A recurring theme in environmental work is the need to characterize emissions to the maximum extent at the minimum cost. Unfortunately, many projects have been carried out In the past with little thought or planning concerning the optimum application of analytical methods availab...

  6. 41 CFR 301-10.420 - When may I use a taxi, shuttle service or other courtesy transportation?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... service furnished by hotels/motels to the maximum extent possible as a first source of transportation... provided by hotels/motels between the place of lodging at the TDY station and the common carrier terminal...

  7. 7 CFR 17.1 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Secretary of Agriculture SALES OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES MADE AVAILABLE UNDER TITLE I OF THE AGRICULTURAL... commodities by the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), through private trade channels to the maximum extent..., as amended (hereinafter called “the Act”). (b) Agricultural commodities agreements. (1) Under the Act...

  8. 7 CFR 17.1 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Secretary of Agriculture SALES OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES MADE AVAILABLE UNDER TITLE I OF THE AGRICULTURAL... commodities by the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), through private trade channels to the maximum extent..., as amended (hereinafter called “the Act”). (b) Agricultural commodities agreements. (1) Under the Act...

  9. 48 CFR 243.204-70-1 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Director, Defense Procurement and Acquisition Policy (Contract Policy and International Contracting), 3060..., DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CONTRACT MANAGEMENT CONTRACT MODIFICATIONS Change Orders 243.204-70-1 Scope. (a) This..., but the contracting officer shall apply the policy and procedures to them to the maximum extent...

  10. 48 CFR 243.204-70-1 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Director, Defense Procurement and Acquisition Policy (Contract Policy and International Contracting), 3060..., DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CONTRACT MANAGEMENT CONTRACT MODIFICATIONS Change Orders 243.204-70-1 Scope. (a) This..., but the contracting officer shall apply the policy and procedures to them to the maximum extent...

  11. 45 CFR 605.34 - Educational setting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... extracurricular services and activities, including meals, recess periods, and the services and activities set... ON THE BASIS OF HANDICAP IN PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES RECEIVING FEDERAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE Preschool... nonhandicapped persons in such activities and services to the maximum extent appropriate to the needs of the...

  12. Degradation of dichlorvos using hydrodynamic cavitation based treatment strategies.

    PubMed

    Joshi, Ravi K; Gogate, Parag R

    2012-05-01

    The degradation of an aqueous solution of dichlorvos, a commonly used pesticide in India, has been systematically investigated using hydrodynamic cavitation reactor. All the experiments have been carried out using a 20 ppm solution of commercially available dichlorvos. The effect of important operating parameters such as inlet pressure (over a range 3-6 bar), temperature (31 °C, 36 °C and 39 °C) and pH (natural pH = 5.7 and acidic pH = 3) on the extent of degradation has been investigated initially. It has been observed that an optimum value of pressure gives maximum degradation whereas low temperature and pH of 3 are favorable. Intensification studies have been carried out using different additives such as hydrogen peroxide, carbon tetrachloride, and Fenton's reagent. Use of hydrogen peroxide and carbon tetrachloride resulted in the enhancement of the extent of degradation at optimized conditions but significant enhancement was obtained with the combined use of hydrodynamic cavitation and Fenton's chemistry. The maximum extent of degradation as obtained by using a combination of hydrodynamic cavitation and Fenton's chemistry was 91.5% in 1h of treatment time. The present work has conclusively established that hydrodynamic cavitation in combination with Fenton's chemistry can be effectively used for the degradation of dichlorvos. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  13. [Monitoring on spatial and temporal changes of snow cover in the Heilongjiang Basin based on remote sensing].

    PubMed

    Yu, Ling-Xue; Zhang, Shu-Wen; Guan, Cong; Yan, Feng-Qin; Yang, Chao-Bin; Bu, Kun; Yang, Jiu-Chun; Chang, Li-Ping

    2014-09-01

    This paper extracted and verified the snow cover extent in Heilongjiang Basin from 2003 to 2012 based on MODIS Aqua and Terra data, and the seasonal and interannual variations of snow cover extent were analyzed. The result showed that the double-star composite data reduced the effects of clouds and the overall accuracy was more than 91%, which could meet the research requirements. There existed significant seasonal variation of snow cover extent. The snow cover area was almost zero in July and August while in January it expanded to the maximum, which accounted for more than 80% of the basin. According to the analysis on the interannual variability of snow cover, the maximum winter snow cover areas in 2003-2004 and 2009-2010 (>180 x 10(4) km2) were higher than that of 2011 (150 x 10(4) km2). Meanwhile, there were certain correlations between the interannual fluctuations of snow cover and the changes of average annual temperature and precipitation. The year with the low snow cover was corresponding to less annual rainfall and higher average temperature, and vice versa. The spring snow cover showed a decreasing trend from 2003 to 2012, which was closely linked with decreasing precipitation and increasing temperature.

  14. Using Poetic Documents: An Exploration of Poststructuralist Ideas and Poetic Practices in Narrative Therapy

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Speedy, Jane

    2005-01-01

    This paper explores the use of poetic documents in narrative therapy practice. It considers the ways in which feminist and poststructuralist ideas inform these practices and speculates about the extent to which a "poetic-mindedness" might sustain the practice of double- (or multiple-) listening. The author illustrates these explorations…

  15. Teaching for Scientific Literacy? An Examination of Instructional Practices in Secondary Schools in Barbados

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Archer-Bradshaw, Ramona E.

    2017-01-01

    This study examined the extent to which the instructional practices of science teachers in Barbados are congruent with best practices for teaching for scientific literacy. Additionally, through observation of practice, it sought to determine the teachers' demonstrated role in the classroom, their demonstration of learning through discourse,…

  16. "In Practice It Doesn't Always Work out Like That." Undergraduate Experiences in a Research Community of Practice

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    John, Joanna; Creighton, John

    2013-01-01

    This paper examines the extent to which a structured undergraduate research intervention, UROP, permits undergraduate students early access to legitimate peripheral participation (LPP) in a research community of practice. Accounts of placement experiences suggest that UROP affords rich possibilities for engagement with research practice.…

  17. The comparison of birth outcomes and birth experiences of low-risk women in different sized midwifery practices in the Netherlands.

    PubMed

    Fontein, Yvonne

    2010-09-01

    To examine maternal birth outcomes and birth experiences of low-risk women in the Netherlands in different sized midwifery practices. Descriptive study using postal questionnaires six weeks after the estimated due date. Women were recruited from urban, semi-rural and rural areas from small-sized practices (1-2 midwives), medium-sized practices (3-4 midwives) or large-sized practices (5 or more). 718 Dutch speaking women with uncomplicated pregnancies, a representative sample of women in 143 midwifery practices in the Netherlands who had given birth in the period between 20 April and 20 May 2007. Distribution of place of birth categories and intervention categories, birth experience, woman-midwife relationship and presence of own midwife after referral. Data were analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Women in practices with a maximum of two midwives were significantly more likely to experience lower rates of referral, interventions in general and specifically pain relief by means of pethidine, CTG registration and unplanned caesarean sections. Women with a maximum of two midwives were significantly more likely to know their midwife or midwives and were more frequently supported by their own midwife after referral in comparison to women in practices with more than two midwives. The presence of the woman's own midwife added value to the birth experience. Women with a maximum of two midwives had higher levels of a positive birth experience than women in practices with more than two midwives. Midwifery practices with a maximum of two midwives contribute to non-interventionist birth and a positive birth experience. Awareness of the study results and further study is recommended to discuss reorganization of care in order to achieve significant reductions on referral and interventions during childbirth and positive maternal birth experiences. Copyright (c) 2010 Australian College of Midwives. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  18. Reliable radiocarbon evidence for the maximum extent of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet in the easternmost Amundsen Sea Embayment during the Last Glacial Maximum

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hillenbrand, C. D.; Klages, J. P.; Kuhn, G.; Smith, J.; Graham, A. G. C.; Gohl, K.; Wacker, L.

    2016-02-01

    We present the first age control and sedimentological data for the upper part of a stratified seismic unit that is unusually thick ( 6-9 m) for the outer shelf of the ASE and overlies an acoustically transparent unit. The transparent unit probably consists of soft till deposited during the last advance of grounded ice onto the outer shelf. We mapped subtle mega-scale glacial lineations (MSGL) on the seafloor and suggest that these are probably the expressions of bedforms originally moulded into the surface of the underlying till layer. We note that the lineations are less distinct when compared to MSGLs recorded in bathymetric data collected further upstream and suggest that this is because of the blanketing influence of the thick overlying drape. The uppermost part (≤ 3 m) of the stratified drape was sampled by two of our sediment cores and contains sufficient amounts of calcareous foraminifera throughout to establish reliable age models by radiocarbon dating. In combination with facies analysis of the recovered sediments the obtained radiocarbon dates suggest deposition of the draping unit in a sub-ice shelf/sub-sea ice to seasonal-open marine environment that existed on the outer shelf from well before (>45 ka BP) the Last Glacial Maximum until today. This indicates the maximum extent of grounded ice at the LGM must have been situated south of the two core locations, where a well-defined grounding-zone wedge (`GZWa') was deposited. The third sediment core was recovered from the toe of this wedge and retrieved grounding-line proximal glaciogenic debris flow sediments that were deposited by 14 cal. ka BP. Our new data therefore provide direct evidence for 1) the maximum extent of grounded ice in the easternmost ASE at the LGM (=GZWa), 2) the existence of a large shelf area seawards the wedge that was not covered by grounded ice during that time, and 3) landward grounding line retreat from GZWa prior to 14 cal. ka BP. This knowledge will help to improve LGM ice sheet reconstructions and to quantify precisely the volume of LGM ice-sheet build-up in Antarctica. Our study also alludes to the possibility that refugia for Antarctic shelf benthos may have existed in the ASE during the last glacial period.

  19. Effect of solvents on the fluorescence spectra of bacterial luciferase

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sukovataya, Irina E.; Tyulkova, Natalya A.; Kaykova, Elisaveta V.

    2006-08-01

    Bacteria luciferases catalyze the oxidation reaction of the long-chain aliphatic aldehyde and reduced flavinmononucleotide involving molecular oxygen to a respective fatty acid emitting light quanta in the visible spectrum. Fluorescence emission of luciferases from Photobacterium leiognathi dissolved in organic solvent-water mixtures was investigated. Methanol, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide and formamide were used as organic solvents. As the methanol and acetone concentration is increased the emission maximum peak is decrease. In contrast, with dimethyl sulfoxide and formamide addition induced a increasing of the emission maximum intensity. The values of wavelength maximum (λ max) at the addition of this solvent can shows the spectra shifted to the red by about 12 nm. These increasing in the fluorescence intensity and in the λ max may be due to luciferase denaturation, resulting from the more intensive contact of chromospheres of luciferase with the solvent. At all used concentrations of methanol, acetone and formamide the shape of the fluorescence spectra was not changed. These studies demonstrate that the luciferase tryptophan fluorescence is sensitive to changes of physical-chemical property of enzyme environment. A comparison of activation/inactivation and fluorescence spectra of luciferase in methanol or acetone solutions shows that the extent of inactivation is larger than the extent of fluorescence changes at the same methanol or acetone concentration.

  20. FIELD TEST OF THE PROPOSED REVISED HAZARD RANKING SYSTEM (HRS)

    EPA Science Inventory

    The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA) requires the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to revise the Hazard Ranking System (HRS) so that, to the maximum extent feasible, it accurately assesses the relative risks associated with actual or potent...

  1. 34 CFR 104.34 - Educational setting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education OFFICE FOR CIVIL RIGHTS, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF HANDICAP IN PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES RECEIVING FEDERAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE... handicapped person in its jurisdiction with persons who are not handicapped to the maximum extent appropriate...

  2. 34 CFR 104.34 - Educational setting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education OFFICE FOR CIVIL RIGHTS, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF HANDICAP IN PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES RECEIVING FEDERAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE... handicapped person in its jurisdiction with persons who are not handicapped to the maximum extent appropriate...

  3. 34 CFR 104.34 - Educational setting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education OFFICE FOR CIVIL RIGHTS, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF HANDICAP IN PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES RECEIVING FEDERAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE... handicapped person in its jurisdiction with persons who are not handicapped to the maximum extent appropriate...

  4. 34 CFR 104.34 - Educational setting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education OFFICE FOR CIVIL RIGHTS, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF HANDICAP IN PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES RECEIVING FEDERAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE... handicapped person in its jurisdiction with persons who are not handicapped to the maximum extent appropriate...

  5. 34 CFR 104.34 - Educational setting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education OFFICE FOR CIVIL RIGHTS, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF HANDICAP IN PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES RECEIVING FEDERAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE... handicapped person in its jurisdiction with persons who are not handicapped to the maximum extent appropriate...

  6. DISCOVERING SPATIO-TEMPORAL MODELS OF THE SPREAD OF WEST NILE VIRUS

    EPA Science Inventory

    Understanding interactions among pathogens, hosts, and the environment is important in developing rapid response to disease outbreak. To facilitate the development of control strategies during an outbreak, we have developed a tool for utilizing data to its maximum extent to deter...

  7. 23 CFR 771.113 - Timing of Administration activities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... a finding of no significant impact (FONSI) or a record of decision (ROD) and comply with other related environmental laws and regulations to the maximum extent possible during the NEPA process. This... involvement. However, final design activities, property acquisition, purchase of construction materials or...

  8. 48 CFR 312.101 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... PLANNING ACQUISITION OF COMMERCIAL ITEMS Acquisition of Commercial Items-General 312.101 Policy. (a) It is.... Accordingly, HHS has implemented a Strategic Sourcing Program through which it awards BPAs or other contract... more efficient. OPDIVs shall use HHS' strategic sourcing vehicles to the maximum extent possible—see...

  9. 22 CFR 145.43 - Competition.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Competition. 145.43 Section 145.43 Foreign..., HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award Requirements Procurement Standards § 145.43 Competition. All procurement transactions shall be conducted in a manner to provide, to the maximum extent...

  10. 36 CFR 1210.43 - Competition.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Competition. 1210.43 Section..., HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award Requirements Procurement Standards § 1210.43 Competition. All procurement transactions shall be conducted in a manner to provide, to the maximum extent...

  11. Simulated impact damage in a thick graphite/epoxy laminate using spherical indenters

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Poe, C. C., Jr.

    1988-01-01

    The extent of fiber damage due to low-velocity impacts was determined for very thick graphite/epoxy laminates. The impacts were simulated by pressing spherical indenters against the laminates. After the forces were applied, the laminate was cut into smaller pieces so that each piece contained a test site. Then the pieces were deplied and the individual plies were examined to determine the extent of fiber damage. Broken fibers were found in the outer layers directly beneath the contact site. The locus of broken fibers resembled cracks. The cracks were more or less oriented in the direction of the fibers in the contiguous layers. The maximum length and depth of the cracks increased with increasing contact pressure and indenter diameter. The length and depth of the cracks were also predicted using maximum compression and shear stress criteria. The internal stresses were calculated using Hertz's law and Love's solution for pressure applied on part of the boundary of a semi-infinite body. The predictions and measurements were in good agreement.

  12. "Mind the gap!" Evaluation of the performance gap attributable to exception reporting and target thresholds in the new GMS contract: National database analysis.

    PubMed

    Fleetcroft, Robert; Steel, Nicholas; Cookson, Richard; Howe, Amanda

    2008-06-17

    The 2003 revision of the UK GMS contract rewards general practices for performance against clinical quality indicators. Practices can exempt patients from treatment, and can receive maximum payment for less than full coverage of eligible patients. This paper aims to estimate the gap between the percentage of maximum incentive gained and the percentage of patients receiving indicated care (the pay-performance gap), and to estimate how much of the gap is attributable respectively to thresholds and to exception reporting. Analysis of Quality Outcomes Framework data in the National Primary Care Database and exception reporting data from the Information Centre from 8407 practices in England in 2005 - 6. The main outcome measures were the gap between the percentage of maximum incentive gained and the percentage of patients receiving indicated care at the practice level, both for individual indicators and a combined composite score. An additional outcome was the percentage of that gap attributable respectively to exception reporting and maximum threshold targets set at less than 100%. The mean pay-performance gap for the 65 aggregated clinical indicators was 13.3% (range 2.9% to 48%). 52% of this gap (6.9% of eligible patients) is attributable to thresholds being set at less than 100%, and 48% to patients being exception reported. The gap was greater than 25% in 9 indicators: beta blockers and cholesterol control in heart disease; cholesterol control in stroke; influenza immunization in asthma; blood pressure, sugar and cholesterol control in diabetes; seizures in epilepsy and treatment of hypertension. Threshold targets and exception reporting introduce an incentive ceiling, which substantially reduces the percentage of eligible patients that UK practices need to treat in order to receive maximum incentive payments for delivering that care. There are good clinical reasons for exception reporting, but after unsuitable patients have been exempted from treatment, there is no reason why all maximum thresholds should not be 100%, whilst retaining the current lower thresholds to provide incentives for lower performing practices.

  13. Making "cents" of the business side of nurse practitioner practice.

    PubMed

    Luster-Tucker, AtNena

    2016-03-15

    Nurse practitioners produce excellent patient outcomes and should be allowed to practice to the full extent of their education and training. In addition to clinical skills, nurse practitioners need to understand the business side of practice in order to ensure fair and equitable compensation.

  14. Exploring Adolescent Perceptions of Parental Beliefs and Practices Related to Friendships in Diverse Ethnic Communities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Way, Niobe; Greene, Melissa L.; Mukherjee, Preetika Pandey

    2007-01-01

    It is important to examine both the belief systems and the practices of parents in regard to adolescent friendships. Belief systems inform parental practices and also reveal the full extent of cultural variations that exist within and across ethnic communities.

  15. 43 CFR 6.2 - Report of invention.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... official working hours, the extent use was made of government facilities, equipment, funds, material or... withhold the report until the process or device is completely reduced to practice, reduction to practice... the Government and of the inventor. If an invention is reduced to practice after the invention report...

  16. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Logan, Jeffrey S.; Paranhos, Elizabeth; Kozak, Tracy G.

    This study focuses on onshore natural gas operations and examines the extent to which oil and gas firms have embraced certain organizational characteristics that lead to 'high reliability' - understood here as strong safety and reliability records over extended periods of operation. The key questions that motivated this study include whether onshore oil and gas firms engaged in exploration and production (E&P) and midstream (i.e., natural gas transmission and storage) are implementing practices characteristic of high reliability organizations (HROs) and the extent to which any such practices are being driven by industry innovations and standards and/or regulatory requirements.

  17. Practice Patterns of School-Based Occupational Therapists Targeting Handwriting: A Knowledge-to-Practice Gap

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cramm, Heidi; Egan, Mary

    2015-01-01

    Poor handwriting is a common reason for referral to school-based occupational therapy. A survey was used to explore the extent to which current practice patterns in Ontario, Canada, align with evidence on effective intervention for handwriting. Knowledge-to-practice gaps were identified related to focus on performance components versus…

  18. Bridging the Research-to-Practice Gap: A Review of the Literature Focusing on Inclusive Education

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Grima-Farrell, Christine R.; Bain, Alan; McDonagh, Sarah H.

    2011-01-01

    Despite advances in our knowledge of evidence-based inclusive educational practice, much of this knowledge does not reach routine classroom practice. There remains a significant gap between our accumulated knowledge about what can work in classrooms and the extent to which evidence-based practice is used in sustainable ways. This inability to…

  19. Restricted Creativity: Advertising Agency Work Practices in the U.S., Canada and the UK.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    West, Douglas

    1993-01-01

    The extent to which relationships and work practices within advertising agencies differ in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom and degree of similarity to practices of artists were examined. Responses from Senior Creative Directors at 303 agencies suggested that work practices did not differ significantly but were limited in efforts…

  20. Grain Size of Recall Practice for Lengthy Text Material: Fragile and Mysterious Effects on Memory

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wissman, Kathryn T.; Rawson, Katherine A.

    2015-01-01

    The current research evaluated the extent to which the grain size of recall practice for lengthy text material affects recall during practice and subsequent memory. The "grain size hypothesis" states that a smaller vs. larger grain size will increase retrieval success during practice that in turn will enhance subsequent memory for…

  1. 50 CFR 229.9 - Emergency regulations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Emergency regulations. 229.9 Section 229.9... PROTECTION ACT OF 1972 General Provisions § 229.9 Emergency regulations. (a) If the Assistant Administrator... effect— (i) Prescribe emergency regulations that, consistent with such plan to the maximum extent...

  2. 50 CFR 229.9 - Emergency regulations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Emergency regulations. 229.9 Section 229.9... PROTECTION ACT OF 1972 General Provisions § 229.9 Emergency regulations. (a) If the Assistant Administrator... effect— (i) Prescribe emergency regulations that, consistent with such plan to the maximum extent...

  3. 24 CFR 965.505 - Standards for allowances for utilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... PHA installs air conditioning, it shall provide, to the maximum extent economically feasible, systems... systems that offer each resident the option to choose air conditioning shall include retail meters or... allowances. For systems that offer residents the option to choose air conditioning but cannot be checkmetered...

  4. 33 CFR 155.4050 - Ensuring that the salvors and marine firefighters are adequate.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... resource provider that meets the following selection criteria to the maximum extent possible: (1) Resource... and/or international organizations. (10) Resource provider has insurance that covers the salvage and... necessary engineering, administrative, and personal protective equipment controls to safeguard the health...

  5. 33 CFR 155.4050 - Ensuring that the salvors and marine firefighters are adequate.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... resource provider that meets the following selection criteria to the maximum extent possible: (1) Resource... and/or international organizations. (10) Resource provider has insurance that covers the salvage and... necessary engineering, administrative, and personal protective equipment controls to safeguard the health...

  6. 40 CFR 422.41 - Specialized definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... contaminated nonprocess waste water, as defined below. (c) The term contaminated non-process waste water shall..., eliminate and control to the maximum extent feasible such contact and provided further that all reasonable..., “Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the United States,” May 1961, and subsequent amendments or equivalent regional...

  7. 40 CFR 422.51 - Specialized definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... contaminated non-process waste water, as defined below. (c) The term contaminated nonprocess waste water shall..., eliminate and control to the maximum extent feasible such contact and provided further that all reasonable..., “Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the United States,” May 1961, and subsequent amendments or equivalent regional...

  8. 40 CFR 422.41 - Specialized definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... contaminated nonprocess waste water, as defined below. (c) The term contaminated non-process waste water shall..., eliminate and control to the maximum extent feasible such contact and provided further that all reasonable..., “Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the United States,” May 1961, and subsequent amendments or equivalent regional...

  9. 40 CFR 422.51 - Specialized definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... include contaminated non-process waste water, as defined below. (c) The term contaminated nonprocess waste..., reduce, eliminate and control to the maximum extent feasible such contact and provided further that all..., “Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the United States,” May 1961, and subsequent amendments or equivalent regional...

  10. 40 CFR 422.51 - Specialized definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... contaminated non-process waste water, as defined below. (c) The term contaminated nonprocess waste water shall..., eliminate and control to the maximum extent feasible such contact and provided further that all reasonable..., “Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the United States,” May 1961, and subsequent amendments or equivalent regional...

  11. 40 CFR 422.41 - Specialized definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... contaminated nonprocess waste water, as defined below. (c) The term contaminated non-process waste water shall..., eliminate and control to the maximum extent feasible such contact and provided further that all reasonable..., “Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the United States,” May 1961, and subsequent amendments or equivalent regional...

  12. 40 CFR 422.51 - Specialized definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... contaminated non-process waste water, as defined below. (c) The term contaminated nonprocess waste water shall..., eliminate and control to the maximum extent feasible such contact and provided further that all reasonable..., “Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the United States,” May 1961, and subsequent amendments or equivalent regional...

  13. 40 CFR 422.41 - Specialized definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... contaminated nonprocess waste water, as defined below. (c) The term contaminated non-process waste water shall..., eliminate and control to the maximum extent feasible such contact and provided further that all reasonable..., “Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the United States,” May 1961, and subsequent amendments or equivalent regional...

  14. 40 CFR 422.51 - Specialized definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... contaminated non-process waste water, as defined below. (c) The term contaminated nonprocess waste water shall..., eliminate and control to the maximum extent feasible such contact and provided further that all reasonable..., “Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the United States,” May 1961, and subsequent amendments or equivalent regional...

  15. 40 CFR 422.41 - Specialized definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... include contaminated nonprocess waste water, as defined below. (c) The term contaminated non-process waste..., reduce, eliminate and control to the maximum extent feasible such contact and provided further that all..., “Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the United States,” May 1961, and subsequent amendments or equivalent regional...

  16. 48 CFR 324.102 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 324.102 Federal Acquisition Regulations System HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS... HHS policy to protect the privacy of individuals to the maximum possible extent, while permitting the... Act (5 U.S.C. 552). The Privacy Act of 1974 and the HHS implementation under 45 CFR Part 5b apply...

  17. 48 CFR 324.102 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 324.102 Federal Acquisition Regulations System HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS... HHS policy to protect the privacy of individuals to the maximum possible extent, while permitting the... Act (5 U.S.C. 552). The Privacy Act of 1974 and the HHS implementation under 45 CFR Part 5b apply...

  18. A Rasch Model Analysis of Evidence-Based Treatment Practices Used in the Criminal Justice System

    PubMed Central

    Henderson, Craig E.; Taxman, Faye S.; Young, Douglas W.

    2008-01-01

    This study used item response theory (IRT) to examine the extent to which criminal justice facilities and community-based agencies are using evidence-based substance abuse treatment practices (EBPs), which EBPs are most commonly used, and how EBPs cluster together. The study used data collected from wardens, justice administrators, and treatment directors as part of the National Criminal Justice Treatment Practices survey (NCJTP; Taxman et al., 2007a), and includes both adult criminal and juvenile justice samples. Results of Rasch modeling demonstrated that a reliable measure can be formed to gauge the extent to which juvenile and adult correctional facilities, and community treatment agencies serving offenders, have adopted various treatment practices supported by research. We also demonstrated the concurrent validity of the measure by showing that features of the facilities’ organizational contexts were associated with the extent to which facilities were using EBPs, and which EBPs they were using. Researchers, clinicians, and program administrators may find these results interesting not only because they show the program factors most strongly related to EBP use, but the results also suggest that certain treatment practices are generally clustered together, which may help stakeholders plan and prioritize the adoption of new EBPs in their facilities. The study has implications for future research focused on understanding the adoption and implementation of EBPs in correctional environments. PMID:18029116

  19. Master teachers' responses to twenty literacy and science/mathematics practices in deaf education.

    PubMed

    Easterbrooks, Susan R; Stephenson, Brenda; Mertens, Donna

    2006-01-01

    Under a grant to improve outcomes for students who are deaf or hard of hearing awarded to the Association of College Educators--Deaf/Hard of Hearing, a team identified content that all teachers of students who are deaf and hard of hearing must understand and be able to teach. Also identified were 20 practices associated with content standards (10 each, literacy and science/mathematics). Thirty-seven master teachers identified by grant agents rated the practices on a Likert-type scale indicating the maximum benefit of each practice and maximum likelihood that they would use the practice, yielding a likelihood-impact analysis. The teachers showed strong agreement on the benefits and likelihood of use of the rated practices. Concerns about implementation of many of the practices related to time constraints and mixed-ability classrooms were themes of the reviews. Actions for teacher preparation programs were recommended.

  20. Deliberate practice predicts performance over time in adolescent chess players and drop-outs: a linear mixed models analysis.

    PubMed

    de Bruin, Anique B H; Smits, Niels; Rikers, Remy M J P; Schmidt, Henk G

    2008-11-01

    In this study, the longitudinal relation between deliberate practice and performance in chess was examined using a linear mixed models analysis. The practice activities and performance ratings of young elite chess players, who were either in, or had dropped out of the Dutch national chess training, were analysed since they had started playing chess seriously. The results revealed that deliberate practice (i.e. serious chess study alone and serious chess play) strongly contributed to chess performance. The influence of deliberate practice was not only observable in current performance, but also over chess players' careers. Moreover, although the drop-outs' chess ratings developed more slowly over time, both the persistent and drop-out chess players benefited to the same extent from investments in deliberate practice. Finally, the effect of gender on chess performance proved to be much smaller than the effect of deliberate practice. This study provides longitudinal support for the monotonic benefits assumption of deliberate practice, by showing that over chess players' careers, deliberate practice has a significant effect on performance, and to the same extent for chess players of different ultimate performance levels. The results of this study are not in line with critique raised against the deliberate practice theory that the factors deliberate practice and talent could be confounded.

  1. Planned Focus on Form: Automatization of Procedural Knowledge

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Khatib, Mohammad; Nikouee, Majid

    2012-01-01

    The present study is premised on Anderson's ACT model that proposes declarative knowledge is automatizable through practice (1982). The research examined the extent to which declarative knowledge of one morphosyntactic structure, namely present perfect, can be automatized 2 days after practice and can be retained 2 weeks after practice. Twenty…

  2. Pre-Kindergarten Teachers' Use of Transition Practices and Children's Adjustment to Kindergarten

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    LoCasale-Crouch, Jennifer; Mashburn, Andrew J.; Downer, Jason T.; Pianta, Robert C.

    2008-01-01

    This study describes pre-kindergarten teachers' use of kindergarten transition practices and examined the extent to which these practices were associated with kindergarten teachers' judgments of children's social, self-regulatory, and academic skills upon their entry into kindergarten. Participants were 722 children from 214 pre-kindergarten…

  3. Examining Activism in Practice: A Qualitative Study of Archival Activism

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Novak, Joy Rainbow

    2013-01-01

    While archival literature has increasingly discussed activism in the context of archives, there has been little examination of the extent to which archivists in the field have accepted or incorporated archival activism into practice. Scholarship that has explored the practical application of archival activism has predominately focused on case…

  4. Developmentally Appropriate Discipline Practices of Elementary School Principals

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Burnett, Donna Silva

    2010-01-01

    Research has indicated that developmentally appropriate practices (DAP) should be applied to manage behavioral problems in school age children. However, little evidence exists on the extent to which elementary school principals apply these practices appropriately in student discipline. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore how…

  5. Like Peas and Carrots: Combining Wellness Policy Implementation With Classroom Education for Obesity Prevention in the Childcare Setting.

    PubMed

    Cotwright, Caree J; Bales, Diane W; Lee, Jung Sun; Parrott, Kathryn; Celestin, Nathalie; Olubajo, Babatunde

    We evaluated an intervention combining policy training and technical assistance for childcare teachers with a nutrition education curriculum to improve (1) the knowledge and self-efficacy of childcare teachers in implementing obesity prevention policies and practices, (2) the quantity and quality of nutrition and physical activity education, and (3) the childcare wellness environment. Thirteen teachers and 8 administrators (2 of whom were also teachers) from 8 childcare programs in Clarke County, Georgia, participated in the Healthy Child Care Georgia intervention during June-October 2015. The intervention included (1) training and technical assistance on obesity prevention policies, systems, and practices and (2) direct education by teachers using the Eat Healthy, Be Active curriculum. We assessed changes in program wellness policy adoption and teacher knowledge and self-efficacy from pre- to post-intervention through self-report questionnaires, interviews, and focus groups. Teachers' knowledge scores (maximum score = 100) rose significantly from a mean (SD) pre-intervention of 67.1 (14.6) to post-intervention of 83.2 (14.3) ( P < .001). The mean score for "teaching nutrition and activity to children" (maximum score = 105) rose significantly from 86.9 (8.2) to 93.5 (5.2) ( P = .011) and for "modeling and supporting children" (maximum score = 63) from 55.8 (5.1) to 59.5 (4.5) ( P = .015). The mean (SD) scores for breastfeeding and infant feeding policy/practice adoption (maximum score = 6) increased significantly from 2.5 (1.8) to 3.7 (1.9) ( P = .043) and for nutrition education policy/practice adoption (maximum score = 4) from 2.0 (1.3) to 3.3 (1.4) ( P = .019). The combined approach enhanced classroom nutrition education and improved the adoption of best practices. Future studies should examine the effects of using a combined approach to promote nutrition and physical activity policies and practices in the early care and education setting.

  6. Water Quality Field Guide.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Soil Conservation Service (USDA), Washington, DC.

    Nonpoint source pollution is both a relatively recent concern and a complex phenomenon with many unknowns. Knowing the extent to which agricultural sources contribute to the total pollutant load, the extent to which various control practices decrease this load, and the effect of reducing the pollutants delivered to a water body are basic to the…

  7. 49 CFR 701.3 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... corporate business, but only to the extent withholding is permitted by law. (b) A record of the Corporation... available to the public to the greatest practicable extent in keeping with the spirit of the law. Therefore.... 552(b) or is otherwise exempted by law. Disclosure to a properly constituted advisory committee, to...

  8. 30 CFR 780.35 - Disposal of excess spoil.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... the operation has been designed to minimize, to the extent possible, the volume of excess spoil that... authority, that the designed maximum cumulative volume of all proposed excess spoil fills within the permit... and related environmental values. You must design the operation to avoid placement of excess spoil in...

  9. 30 CFR 784.19 - Disposal of excess spoil.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... the operation has been designed to minimize, to the extent possible, the volume of excess spoil that... authority, that the designed maximum cumulative volume of all proposed excess spoil fills within the permit... and related environmental values. You must design the operation to avoid placement of excess spoil in...

  10. 30 CFR 780.35 - Disposal of excess spoil.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... the operation has been designed to minimize, to the extent possible, the volume of excess spoil that... authority, that the designed maximum cumulative volume of all proposed excess spoil fills within the permit... and related environmental values. You must design the operation to avoid placement of excess spoil in...

  11. 30 CFR 780.35 - Disposal of excess spoil.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... the operation has been designed to minimize, to the extent possible, the volume of excess spoil that... authority, that the designed maximum cumulative volume of all proposed excess spoil fills within the permit... and related environmental values. You must design the operation to avoid placement of excess spoil in...

  12. 30 CFR 784.19 - Disposal of excess spoil.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... the operation has been designed to minimize, to the extent possible, the volume of excess spoil that... authority, that the designed maximum cumulative volume of all proposed excess spoil fills within the permit... and related environmental values. You must design the operation to avoid placement of excess spoil in...

  13. 30 CFR 784.19 - Disposal of excess spoil.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... the operation has been designed to minimize, to the extent possible, the volume of excess spoil that... authority, that the designed maximum cumulative volume of all proposed excess spoil fills within the permit... and related environmental values. You must design the operation to avoid placement of excess spoil in...

  14. 40 CFR 1501.6 - Cooperating agencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Cooperating agencies. The purpose of this section is to emphasize agency cooperation early in the NEPA process. Upon request of the lead agency, any other Federal agency which has jurisdiction by law shall be a... jurisdiction by law or special expertise, to the maximum extent possible consistent with its responsibility as...

  15. 23 CFR 771.113 - Timing of Administration activities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... related environmental laws and regulations to the maximum extent possible during the NEPA process. This... as otherwise provided in law or in paragraph (d) of this section: (1)(i) The action has been... funding for hardship and protective acquisitions. (4) FHWA regulations at 23 CFR 710.501 address early...

  16. 23 CFR 771.113 - Timing of Administration activities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... related environmental laws and regulations to the maximum extent possible during the NEPA process. This... as otherwise provided in law or in paragraph (d) of this section: (1)(i) The action has been... funding for hardship and protective acquisitions. (4) FHWA regulations at 23 CFR 710.501 address early...

  17. 40 CFR 1501.6 - Cooperating agencies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Cooperating agencies. The purpose of this section is to emphasize agency cooperation early in the NEPA process. Upon request of the lead agency, any other Federal agency which has jurisdiction by law shall be a... jurisdiction by law or special expertise, to the maximum extent possible consistent with its responsibility as...

  18. 23 CFR 771.113 - Timing of Administration activities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... related environmental laws and regulations to the maximum extent possible during the NEPA process. This... as otherwise provided in law or in paragraph (d) of this section: (1)(i) The action has been... funding for hardship and protective acquisitions. (4) FHWA regulations at 23 CFR 710.501 address early...

  19. 23 CFR 771.113 - Timing of Administration activities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... related environmental laws and regulations to the maximum extent possible during the NEPA process. This... as otherwise provided in law or in paragraph (d) of this section: (1)(i) The action has been... funding for hardship and protective acquisitions. (4) FHWA regulations at 23 CFR 710.501 address early...

  20. DATA-DRIVEN DISCOVERY OF TEMPORAL AND GEOSPATIAL PATTERNS OF DISEASE TRANSMISSION: WEST NILE VIRUS IN MARYLAND

    EPA Science Inventory

    The necessity of rapid response to a developing disease outbreak often precludes systematic investigation of the mechanisms and patterns (temporal and geospatial) of spread. In order to deploy the most rapid response possible, we must exploit existing data to its maximum extent....

  1. 10 CFR 71.43 - General standards for all packages.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... reaction resulting from inleakage of water, to the maximum credible extent. Account must be taken of the... that there will be no significant chemical, galvanic, or other reaction among the packaging components... packaging. (g) A package must be designed, constructed, and prepared for transport so that in still air at...

  2. 10 CFR 71.43 - General standards for all packages.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... reaction resulting from inleakage of water, to the maximum credible extent. Account must be taken of the... that there will be no significant chemical, galvanic, or other reaction among the packaging components... packaging. (g) A package must be designed, constructed, and prepared for transport so that in still air at...

  3. 45 CFR 98.12 - Coordination and consultation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Coordination and consultation. 98.12 Section 98.12 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION CHILD CARE AND DEVELOPMENT... local government during the development of the Plan; and (c) Coordinate, to the maximum extent feasible...

  4. 45 CFR 98.12 - Coordination and consultation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Coordination and consultation. 98.12 Section 98.12 Public Welfare Department of Health and Human Services GENERAL ADMINISTRATION CHILD CARE AND DEVELOPMENT... local government during the development of the Plan; and (c) Coordinate, to the maximum extent feasible...

  5. 45 CFR 98.12 - Coordination and consultation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Coordination and consultation. 98.12 Section 98.12 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION CHILD CARE AND DEVELOPMENT... local government during the development of the Plan; and (c) Coordinate, to the maximum extent feasible...

  6. 45 CFR 98.12 - Coordination and consultation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Coordination and consultation. 98.12 Section 98.12 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION CHILD CARE AND DEVELOPMENT... local government during the development of the Plan; and (c) Coordinate, to the maximum extent feasible...

  7. 45 CFR 98.12 - Coordination and consultation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Coordination and consultation. 98.12 Section 98.12 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION CHILD CARE AND DEVELOPMENT... local government during the development of the Plan; and (c) Coordinate, to the maximum extent feasible...

  8. 30 CFR 784.19 - Disposal of excess spoil.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... the operation has been designed to minimize, to the extent possible, the volume of excess spoil that... authority, that the designed maximum cumulative volume of all proposed excess spoil fills within the permit... and related environmental values. You must design the operation to avoid placement of excess spoil in...

  9. 30 CFR 780.35 - Disposal of excess spoil.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... the operation has been designed to minimize, to the extent possible, the volume of excess spoil that... authority, that the designed maximum cumulative volume of all proposed excess spoil fills within the permit... and related environmental values. You must design the operation to avoid placement of excess spoil in...

  10. 30 CFR 780.35 - Disposal of excess spoil.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... the operation has been designed to minimize, to the extent possible, the volume of excess spoil that... authority, that the designed maximum cumulative volume of all proposed excess spoil fills within the permit... and related environmental values. You must design the operation to avoid placement of excess spoil in...

  11. 30 CFR 784.19 - Disposal of excess spoil.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... the operation has been designed to minimize, to the extent possible, the volume of excess spoil that... authority, that the designed maximum cumulative volume of all proposed excess spoil fills within the permit... and related environmental values. You must design the operation to avoid placement of excess spoil in...

  12. 10 CFR 707.16 - Records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Records. 707.16 Section 707.16 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY WORKPLACE SUBSTANCE ABUSE PROGRAMS AT DOE SITES Procedures § 707.16 Records. (a) Confirmed positive test...) Contractors shall maintain maximum confidentiality of records related to illegal drug use, to the extent...

  13. Robust Estimation of Latent Ability in Item Response Models

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Schuster, Christof; Yuan, Ke-Hai

    2011-01-01

    Because of response disturbances such as guessing, cheating, or carelessness, item response models often can only approximate the "true" individual response probabilities. As a consequence, maximum-likelihood estimates of ability will be biased. Typically, the nature and extent to which response disturbances are present is unknown, and, therefore,…

  14. How to Determine the Least Restrictive Environment for Students with Disabilities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rozalski, Michael; Stewart, Angie; Miller, Jason

    2010-01-01

    The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) requires that students with disabilities be educated with peers without disabilities "to the maximum extent appropriate." When the individualized education program (IEP) team is reviewing the student's current performance, establishing the student's goals, and determining the services that the…

  15. Meeting Needs: Effective Programs for Students with Disabilities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Small, Ruth V.; Stewart, Jessica

    2013-01-01

    Since passage of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), schools are required to educate students with disabilities in the "least restrictive environment" (Hopkins 2005), i.e., to the maximum extent possible with their non-disabled peers (Myhill 2004). School libraries are required to…

  16. Evolutionary Scheduler for the Deep Space Network

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Guillaume, Alexandre; Lee, Seungwon; Wang, Yeou-Fang; Zheng, Hua; Chau, Savio; Tung, Yu-Wen; Terrile, Richard J.; Hovden, Robert

    2010-01-01

    A computer program assists human schedulers in satisfying, to the maximum extent possible, competing demands from multiple spacecraft missions for utilization of the transmitting/receiving Earth stations of NASA s Deep Space Network. The program embodies a concept of optimal scheduling to attain multiple objectives in the presence of multiple constraints.

  17. 14 CFR Appendix A to Part 33 - Instructions for Continued Airworthiness

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... features and data to the extent necessary for maintenance or preventive maintenance. (2) A detailed... limits, maximum continuous power or thrust, bleed air, and power extraction required for a relevant... Airworthiness consist of multiple documents, the section required under this paragraph must be included in the...

  18. 14 CFR Appendix A to Part 33 - Instructions for Continued Airworthiness

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... features and data to the extent necessary for maintenance or preventive maintenance. (2) A detailed... limits, maximum continuous power or thrust, bleed air, and power extraction required for a relevant... Airworthiness consist of multiple documents, the section required under this paragraph must be included in the...

  19. Reconstruction of past equilibrium line altitude using ice extent data

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Visnjevic, Vjeran; Herman, Frederic; Podladchikov, Yuri

    2017-04-01

    With the end of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), about 20 000 years ago, ended the most recent long-lasting cold phase in Earth's history. This last glacial advance left a strong observable imprint on the landscape, such as abandoned moraines, trimlines and other glacial geomorphic features. These features provide a valuable record of past continental climate. In particular, terminal moraines reflect the extent of glaciers and ice-caps, which itself reflects past temperature and precipitation conditions. Here we present an inverse approach, based on a Tikhonov regularization, we have recently developed to reconstruct the LGM mass balance from observed ice extent data. The ice flow model is developed using the shallow ice approximation and solved explicitly using Graphical Processing Units (GPU). The mass balance field, b, is the constrained variable defined by the ice surface S, balance rate β and the spatially variable equilibrium line altitude field (ELA): b = min (β ṡ(S(x,y)- ELA (x,y)),c). (1) where c is a maximum accumulation rate. We show that such a mass balance, and thus the spatially variable ELA field, can be inferred from the observed past ice extent and ice thickness at high resolution and very efficiently. The GPU implementation allows us solve one 1024x1024 grid points forward model run under 0.5s, which significantly reduces the time needed for our inverse method to converge. We start with synthetic test to demonstrate the method. We then apply the method to LGM ice extents of South Island of New Zealand, the Patagonian Andes, where we can see a clear influence of Westerlies on the ELA, and the European Alps. These examples show that the method is capable of constraining spatial variations in mass balance at the scale of a mountain range, and provide us with information on past continental climate.

  20. Detecting spatial structures in throughfall data: the effect of extent, sample size, sampling design, and variogram estimation method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Voss, Sebastian; Zimmermann, Beate; Zimmermann, Alexander

    2016-04-01

    In the last three decades, an increasing number of studies analyzed spatial patterns in throughfall to investigate the consequences of rainfall redistribution for biogeochemical and hydrological processes in forests. In the majority of cases, variograms were used to characterize the spatial properties of the throughfall data. The estimation of the variogram from sample data requires an appropriate sampling scheme: most importantly, a large sample and an appropriate layout of sampling locations that often has to serve both variogram estimation and geostatistical prediction. While some recommendations on these aspects exist, they focus on Gaussian data and high ratios of the variogram range to the extent of the study area. However, many hydrological data, and throughfall data in particular, do not follow a Gaussian distribution. In this study, we examined the effect of extent, sample size, sampling design, and calculation methods on variogram estimation of throughfall data. For our investigation, we first generated non-Gaussian random fields based on throughfall data with heavy outliers. Subsequently, we sampled the fields with three extents (plots with edge lengths of 25 m, 50 m, and 100 m), four common sampling designs (two grid-based layouts, transect and random sampling), and five sample sizes (50, 100, 150, 200, 400). We then estimated the variogram parameters by method-of-moments and residual maximum likelihood. Our key findings are threefold. First, the choice of the extent has a substantial influence on the estimation of the variogram. A comparatively small ratio of the extent to the correlation length is beneficial for variogram estimation. Second, a combination of a minimum sample size of 150, a design that ensures the sampling of small distances and variogram estimation by residual maximum likelihood offers a good compromise between accuracy and efficiency. Third, studies relying on method-of-moments based variogram estimation may have to employ at least 200 sampling points for reliable variogram estimates. These suggested sample sizes exceed the numbers recommended by studies dealing with Gaussian data by up to 100 %. Given that most previous throughfall studies relied on method-of-moments variogram estimation and sample sizes << 200, our current knowledge about throughfall spatial variability stands on shaky ground.

  1. Detecting spatial structures in throughfall data: The effect of extent, sample size, sampling design, and variogram estimation method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Voss, Sebastian; Zimmermann, Beate; Zimmermann, Alexander

    2016-09-01

    In the last decades, an increasing number of studies analyzed spatial patterns in throughfall by means of variograms. The estimation of the variogram from sample data requires an appropriate sampling scheme: most importantly, a large sample and a layout of sampling locations that often has to serve both variogram estimation and geostatistical prediction. While some recommendations on these aspects exist, they focus on Gaussian data and high ratios of the variogram range to the extent of the study area. However, many hydrological data, and throughfall data in particular, do not follow a Gaussian distribution. In this study, we examined the effect of extent, sample size, sampling design, and calculation method on variogram estimation of throughfall data. For our investigation, we first generated non-Gaussian random fields based on throughfall data with large outliers. Subsequently, we sampled the fields with three extents (plots with edge lengths of 25 m, 50 m, and 100 m), four common sampling designs (two grid-based layouts, transect and random sampling) and five sample sizes (50, 100, 150, 200, 400). We then estimated the variogram parameters by method-of-moments (non-robust and robust estimators) and residual maximum likelihood. Our key findings are threefold. First, the choice of the extent has a substantial influence on the estimation of the variogram. A comparatively small ratio of the extent to the correlation length is beneficial for variogram estimation. Second, a combination of a minimum sample size of 150, a design that ensures the sampling of small distances and variogram estimation by residual maximum likelihood offers a good compromise between accuracy and efficiency. Third, studies relying on method-of-moments based variogram estimation may have to employ at least 200 sampling points for reliable variogram estimates. These suggested sample sizes exceed the number recommended by studies dealing with Gaussian data by up to 100 %. Given that most previous throughfall studies relied on method-of-moments variogram estimation and sample sizes ≪200, currently available data are prone to large uncertainties.

  2. Coal conversion legislation. Part I. Hearings before the Subcommittee on Energy Production and Supply of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, Ninety-Fifth Congress, First Session on S. 272, S. 273, and S. 977, March 21 and 29, 1977. [Coal utilization

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1977-01-01

    The legislation on greater coal utilization before the committee includes S. 272 (requiring, to the extent practicable, electric power plants and major fuel-bearing installations to utilize fuels other than natural gas); S. 273 (requiring, to the extent practicable, new electric power plants and new major fuel-burning installations be constructed to utliize fuels other than natural gas or petroleum); and S. 977 (requiring, to the extent practicable, existing electric power plants and major fuel-burning installations to utilize fuels other than natural gas or petroleum). Statements were heard from seven senators and representatives from the following: American Electric Power Service Corp., Americanmore » Boiler Manufactures Association, National Electric Reliability Council, Virgina Electric and Power Co., Fossil Power Systems, Houston Lighting and Power Co., other electric utility industry representatives, and the Federal Energy Adminstration. Additional material from the Wall Street Journal and the Washington Post is included. (MCW)« less

  3. How well do we really know the timing and extent of glaciers during the Last Glacial Maximum in the Alps?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ivy-Ochs, Susan; Braakhekke, Jochem; Monegato, Giovanni; Gianotti, Franco; Forno, Gabriella; Hippe, Kristina; Christl, Marcus; Akçar, Naki; Schluechter, Christian

    2017-04-01

    The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in the Alps saw much of the mountains inundated by ice. Several main accumulation areas comprising local ice caps and plateau icefields fit into a picture of transection glaciers flowing into huge valley glaciers. In the north the valley glaciers covered long distances (hundreds of kilometers) to reach the forelands where they spread out in fan-shaped piedmont lobes tens of kilometers across, e.g. the Rhine glacier. In the south travel distances to the mountain front were often shorter, the pathway steeper. Nevertheless, not all glaciers even reached beyond the front, as the temperatures were notably warmer in the south. For example at Orta the glacier snout remained within the mountains. Where glaciers reached the forelands they stopped abruptly and the moraine amphitheaters were constructed, e.g. at Ivrea and Rivoli-Avigliana. Sets of stacked moraines built-up as glacier advance was directly confined by the older moraines. We may temporally and spatially identify the culmination of the last glacial cycle by pinpointing the outermost moraines that date to the LGM (generally about 26-24 ka). On the other hand, the timing of abandonment of foreland positions is given by ages of the innermost, often lake-bounding, moraines (about 19-18 ka). Between the two, glacier fluctuations left the stadial moraines. In the Linth-Rhine system three stadials have been recognized: Killwangen, Schlieren and Zurich. Nevertheless, already in the Swiss sector correlation of the LGM stadials among the several foreland lobes is not unambiguous. Across the Alps, not only north to south but also west to east, how do the timing and extent of glaciers during the LGM vary? Recent glacier modelling by Seguinot et al. (2017) informs and suggests the possibility of differences in timing for reaching of the maximum extent and for the number of oscillations of individual lobes during the LGM. At present few sites in the Alps have detailed enough geomorphological constraints with well-dated ice-marginal positions for in depth discussion of outermost, innermost and in between moraines. Where locations of the LGM farthest extent are conflicting depending on author, we are trying to establish the precise location of the most extensive LGM position by directly dating moraine boulders with cosmogenic 10Be. Here we present 10Be data from the Orta and Rivoli-Avigliana amphitheatres. A key comparison is with the Tagliamento amphitheatre to the east, where dating testifies to a two-phase maximum (Monegato et al. 2007). Furthermore, comparison is made to sites north of the Alps including previously unpublished data. Monegato G. et al. 2007. Evidence of a two-fold glacial advance during the last glacial maximum in the Tagliamento end moraine system (eastern Alps). Quaternary Research 68: 284-302. Seguinot J. et al. 2017. Modelling last glacial cycle ice dynamics in the Alps. EGU2017-8982

  4. Inferring Past Climate in Equatorial East Africa using Glacier Models

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Doughty, A. M.; Kelly, M. A.; Anderson, B.; Russell, J. M.; Jackson, M. S.

    2016-12-01

    Mountain glaciers in the northern and southern middle latitudes advanced nearly synchronously during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), but the timing and magnitude of cooling is less certain for the tropics. Knowing the degree of cooling in high altitude, low latitude regions advances our understanding of the cryosphere in understudied areas and contributes to our understanding of what causes ice ages. Here we use a 2-D ice flow and mass balance model to simulate glacier extents in the Rwenzori Mountains of Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo during the Last Glacial Maximum. In particular, we model steady-state ice extent that matches the dated moraines in the Rwenzori Mountains to infer past climate. Steady-state simulations of LGM glacier extents, which match moraines dated to 20,000 years ago, can be obtained with a 20% reduction in precipitation and a 7°C cooling to match the associated moraines. A 0-50% reduction in precipitation combined with a 5-8°C cooling, respectively, agrees well with paleoclimate estimates from independent proxy records. As expected in a high precipitation environment, these glaciers are very sensitive to decreases in temperature, converting large volumes of precipitation from rain to snow as well as decreasing melting. Glaciers in equatorial Africa appear to have been waxing and waning synchronously and by the same magnitude as glaciers in the middle latitudes, suggesting a common, global forcing mechanism.

  5. Are inundation limit and maximum extent of sand useful for differentiating tsunamis and storms? An example from sediment transport simulations on the Sendai Plain, Japan

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Watanabe, Masashi; Goto, Kazuhisa; Bricker, Jeremy D.; Imamura, Fumihiko

    2018-02-01

    We examined the quantitative difference in the distribution of tsunami and storm deposits based on numerical simulations of inundation and sediment transport due to tsunami and storm events on the Sendai Plain, Japan. The calculated distance from the shoreline inundated by the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami was smaller than that inundated by storm surges from hypothetical typhoon events. Previous studies have assumed that deposits observed farther inland than the possible inundation limit of storm waves and storm surge were tsunami deposits. However, confirming only the extent of inundation is insufficient to distinguish tsunami and storm deposits, because the inundation limit of storm surges may be farther inland than that of tsunamis in the case of gently sloping coastal topography such as on the Sendai Plain. In other locations, where coastal topography is steep, the maximum inland inundation extent of storm surges may be only several hundred meters, so marine-sourced deposits that are distributed several km inland can be identified as tsunami deposits by default. Over both gentle and steep slopes, another difference between tsunami and storm deposits is the total volume deposited, as flow speed over land during a tsunami is faster than during a storm surge. Therefore, the total deposit volume could also be a useful proxy to differentiate tsunami and storm deposits.

  6. Parenting Practices and Child Disruptive Behavior Problems in Early Elementary School

    PubMed Central

    Stormshak, Elizabeth A.; Bierman, Karen L.; McMahon, Robert J.; Lengua, Liliana J.

    2009-01-01

    Examined the hypothesis that distinct parenting practices may be associated with type and profile of a child’s disruptive behavior problems (e.g., oppositional, aggressive, hyperactive). Parents of 631 behaviorally disruptive children described the extent to which they experienced warm and involved interactions with their children and the extent to which their discipline strategies were inconsistent and punitive and involved spanking and physical aggression. As expected from a developmental perspective, parenting practices that included punitive interactions were associated with elevated rates of all child disruptive behavior problems. Low levels of warm involvement were particularly characteristic of parents of children who showed elevated levels of oppositional behaviors. Physically aggressive parenting was linked more specifically with child aggression. In general, parenting practices contributed more to the prediction of oppositional and aggressive behavior problems than to hyperactive behavior problems, and parenting influences were fairly consistent across ethnic groups and sex. PMID:10693029

  7. Using the Laboratory to Engage All Students in Science Practices

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Walker, J. P.; Sampson, V.; Southerland, S.; Enderle, P. J.

    2016-01-01

    This study examines the extent to which the type of instruction used during a general chemistry laboratory course affects students' ability to use core ideas to engage in science practices. We use Ford's (2008) description of the nature of scientific practices to categorize what students do in the laboratory as either empirical or…

  8. The Aesthetic Production and Distribution of Image/Subjects among Online Youth

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Leander, Kevin; Frank, Amy

    2006-01-01

    In this article the authors consider how youth engage in social practices of identity through their online practices with images. Although they build on social practice perspectives, informed by the new literacy studies, they question the extent to which such perspectives have created new autonomies and separations, including the separation of…

  9. Communities of Practice in the School Workplace

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Brouwer, Patricia; Brekelmans, Mieke; Nieuwenhuis, Loek; Simons, Robert-Jan

    2012-01-01

    Purpose: The first aim of this study is to explore to what extent communities of practice occur in the school workplace. The second aim is to explore the relation between communities of practice and diversity in composition of teacher teams. Design/methodology/approach: Quantitative as well as qualitative data were gathered from seven teacher…

  10. Factors Influencing Electronic Clinical Information Exchange in Small Medical Group Practices

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kralewski, John E.; Zink, Therese; Boyle, Raymond

    2012-01-01

    Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the organizational factors that influence electronic health information exchange (HIE) by medical group practices in rural areas. Methods: A purposive sample of 8 small medical group practices in 3 experimental HIE regions were interviewed to determine the extent of clinical information exchange…

  11. Teacher Education, Leadership, and Disciplinary Practices: Exploring Ethic, Power, and Privilege in the Education of Exceptional African American Learners.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Patton, James M.; Townsend, Brenda L.

    2001-01-01

    This introductory article discusses the extent to which teacher education, leadership development, school arrangements, and disciplinary practices affect African American learners with disabilities. It urges educators to engage in critical self-reflection to examine their ethical and sociopolitical philosophy and practices that privilege some…

  12. A Survey of Social-Regulatory Practices in Selected Michigan Community Colleges.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hollander, Martin Elliot

    This study surveyed social-regulatory practices of selected community colleges in Michigan to find out: origin and extent of written social-regulatory policies and the provisions for change; types of rules of conduct; and communication and enforcement of social-regulatory practices and rules. The study was limited to commuter-type publicly…

  13. Alignment of World Language Standards and Assessments: A Multiple Case Study

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kaplan, Carolyn Shemwell

    2016-01-01

    Previous research has examined world language classroom-based assessment practices as well as the impact of the Standards for Foreign Language Learning in the 21st Century (National Standards in Foreign Language Education Project, 1999) on practice. However, the extent to which K-12 teachers' assessment practices reflect national and state…

  14. A Protean Practice? Perspectives on the Practice of Action Learning

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Brook, Cheryl; Pedler, Mike; Burgoyne, John G

    2013-01-01

    Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to assess the extent to which these practitioners ' perspectives and practices match Willis's conception of a Revans "gold standard" of action learning. Design/methodology/approach: This study adopts a qualitative design and methodology based on interviews and the collection of cases or accounts of…

  15. Reattachment Zone Characterisation Under Offshore Winds With Flow Separation On The Lee Side Of Coastal Dunes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Delgado-Fernandez, I.; Jackson, D.; Cooper, J. A.; Baas, A. C.; Lynch, K.; Beyers, M.

    2010-12-01

    Airflow separation, lee-side eddies and secondary flows play an essential role on the formation and maintenance of sand dunes. Downstream from dune crests the flow surface layer detaches from the ground and generates an area characterised by turbulent eddies in the dune lee slope (the wake). At some distance downstream from the dune crest, flow separates into a reversed component directed toward the dune toe and an offshore “re-attached” component. This reattachment zone (RZ) has been documented in fluvial and desert environments, wind tunnel experiments and numerical simulations, but not yet characterised in coastal dunes. This study examines the extent and temporal evolution of the RZ and its implications for beach-dune interaction at Magilligan, Northern Ireland. Wind parameters were measured over a profile extending from an 11 m height dune crest towards the beach, covering a total distance of 65 m cross-shore. Data was collected using an array of nine ultrasonic anemometers (UAs) deployed in April-May 2010, as part of a larger experiment to capture airflow data under a range of incident wind velocities and offshore directions. UAs were located along the profile (5 m tower spacing) over the beach, which allowed a detailed examination of the RZ with empirical data. Numerical modelling using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software was also conducted with input data from anemometer field measurements, running over a surface mesh generated from LiDAR and DGPS surveys. Results demonstrate that there is a wind threshold of approximately 5-6 ms-1 under which no flow separation exists with offshore winds. As wind speed increases over the threshold, a flow reversal area is quickly formed, with the maximum extent of the RZ at approximately 3.5 dune heights (h). The maximum extent of the RZ increases up to 4.5h with stronger wind speeds of 8-10 ms-1 and remains relatively constant as wind speed further increases. This suggests that the spatial extent of the RZ is independent of incident wind speed and is located between 4-5h. The magnitude of the maximum extent of the RZ is similar to that simulated using CFD and is consistent with previous studies conducted in desert dunes and wind tunnel simulations for offshore winds blowing over tall and sharp-crested dunes. Ongoing analyses are being conducted to evaluate the effect of changing wind direction, dune height and shape.

  16. Effects of fiber/matrix interactions on the interfacial deformation micromechanics of cellulose-fiber/polymer composites

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tze, William Tai-Yin

    The overall objective of this dissertation was to gain an understanding of the relationship between interfacial chemistry and the micromechanics of the cellulose-fiber/polymer composites. Regenerated cellulose (lyocell) fibers were treated with amine-, phenylamine-, phenyl-, and octadecyl-silanes, and also styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer. Inverse gas chromatography was conducted to evaluate the modified surfaces and to examine the adsorption behavior of ethylbenzene, a model compound for polystyrene, onto the fibers. Micro-composites were formed by depositing micro-droplets of polystyrene onto single fibers. The fiber was subjected to a tensile strain, and Raman spectroscopy was employed to determine the point-to-point variation of the strain- and stress-sensitive 895 cm-1 band of cellulose along the embedded region. Inverse gas chromatography studies reveal that the Ia-b values, calculated by matching the Lewis acid parameter ( KA) and basic parameter (KB) between polystyrene and different fibers, were closely correlated to the acid-base adsorption enthalpies of ethylbenzene onto the corresponding fibers. Hence, Ia-b was subsequently used as a convenient indicator for fiber/matrix acid-base interaction. The Raman micro-spectroscopic studies demonstrate that the interfacial tensile strain and stress are highest at the edge of the droplet, and these values decline from the edge region to the middle region of the embedment. The maximum of these local strains corresponds to a strain-control fracture of the matrix polymer. The minimum of the local tensile stress corresponds to the extent of fiber-to-matrix load transfer. The slope of the tensile stress profile allows for an estimation of the maximum interfacial shear stress, which is indicative of fiber/polymer (practical) adhesion. As such, a novel micro-Raman tensile technique was established for evaluating the ductile-fiber/brittle-polymer system in this study. The micro-Raman tensile technique provided maximum interfacial shear stress values of 8.0 to 13.8 MPa, ranking functional groups according to their practical adhesion to polystyrene: alkyl < untreated < phenyl = phenylamine = styrene copolymer < amine. Overall, interfacial bonding can be increased by increasing the acid-base interactions (Ia-b) or reducing the chemical incompatibility (Deltadelta) between the fibers and matrix. Therefore, interfacial chemistry can be employed to enhance and predict cellulose-fiber/polymer adhesion to better engineer composite properties and ultimately better utilize bio-resources.

  17. Relationship Between Satellite-Derived Snow Cover and Snowmelt-Runoff Timing in the Wind River Range, Wyoming

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hall, Dorothy K.; Foster, James L.; DiGirolamo, Nicolo E.; Riggs, George A.

    2010-01-01

    MODIS-derived snow cover measured on 30 April in any given year explains approximately 89 % of the variance in stream discharge for maximum monthly streamflow in that year. Observed changes in streamflow appear to be related to increasing maximum air temperatures over the last four decades causing lower spring snow-cover extent. The majority (>70%) of the water supply in the western United States comes from snowmelt, thus analysis of the declining spring snowpack (and resulting declining stream discharge) has important implications for streamflow management in the drought-prone western U.S.

  18. Relation of maximum blood pressure during exercise and regular physical activity in normotensive men with left ventricular mass and hypertrophy. MARATHOM Investigators. Medida de la Actividad fisica y su Relación Ambiental con Todos los Lípidos en el HOMbre.

    PubMed

    Molina, L; Elosua, R; Marrugat, J; Pons, S

    1999-10-15

    The relation between maximum systolic blood pressure (BP) during exercise and left ventricular (LV) mass is controversial. Physical activity also induces LV mass increase. The objective was to assess the relation between BP response to exercise and LV mass in normotensive men, taking into account physical activity practice. A cross-sectional study was performed. Three hundred eighteen healthy normotensive men, aged between 20 and 60 years, participated in this study. The Minnesota questionnaire was used to assess physical activity practice. An echocardiogram and a maximum exercise test were performed. LV mass was calculated and indexed to body surface area. LV hypertrophy was defined as a ventricular mass index > or =134 g/m2. BP was measured at the moment of maximum effort. Hypertensive response was considered when BP was > or =210 mm Hg. In the multiple linear regression model, maximum systolic BP was associated with LV mass index and correlation coefficient was 0.27 (SE 0.07). Physical activity practice and age were also associated with LV mass. An association between hypertensive response to exercise and LV hypertrophy was observed (odds ratio 3.16). Thus, BP response to exercise is associated with LV mass and men with systolic BP response > or =210 mm Hg present a 3-times higher risk of LV hypertrophy than those not reaching this limit. Physical activity practice is related to LV mass, but not to LV hypertrophy.

  19. Spatial extent and dissipation of the deep chlorophyll layer in Lake Ontario during the Lake Ontario lower foodweb assessment, 2003 and 2008

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Watkins, J. M.; Weidel, Brian M.; Rudstam, L. G.; Holek, K. T.

    2014-01-01

    Increasing water clarity in Lake Ontario has led to a vertical redistribution of phytoplankton and an increased importance of the deep chlorophyll layer in overall primary productivity. We used in situ fluorometer profiles collected in lakewide surveys of Lake Ontario in 2008 to assess the spatial extent and intensity of the deep chlorophyll layer. In situ fluorometer data were corrected with extracted chlorophyll data using paired samples from Lake Ontario collected in August 2008. The deep chlorophyll layer was present offshore during the stratified conditions of late July 2008 with maximum values from 4-13 μg l-1 corrected chlorophyll a at 10 to 17 m depth within the metalimnion. Deep chlorophyll layer was closely associated with the base of the thermocline and a subsurface maximum of dissolved oxygen, indicating the feature's importance as a growth and productivity maximum. Crucial to the deep chlorophyll layer formation, the photic zone extended deeper than the surface mixed layer in mid-summer. The layer extended through most of the offshore in July 2008, but was not present in the easternmost transect that had a deeper surface mixed layer. By early September 2008, the lakewide deep chlorophyll layer had dissipated. A similar formation and dissipation was observed in the lakewide survey of Lake Ontario in 2003.

  20. Probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment at Seaside, Oregon, for near-and far-field seismic sources

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Gonzalez, F.I.; Geist, E.L.; Jaffe, B.; Kanoglu, U.; Mofjeld, H.; Synolakis, C.E.; Titov, V.V.; Areas, D.; Bellomo, D.; Carlton, D.; Horning, T.; Johnson, J.; Newman, J.; Parsons, T.; Peters, R.; Peterson, C.; Priest, G.; Venturato, A.; Weber, J.; Wong, F.; Yalciner, A.

    2009-01-01

    The first probabilistic tsunami flooding maps have been developed. The methodology, called probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment (PTHA), integrates tsunami inundation modeling with methods of probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA). Application of the methodology to Seaside, Oregon, has yielded estimates of the spatial distribution of 100- and 500-year maximum tsunami amplitudes, i.e., amplitudes with 1% and 0.2% annual probability of exceedance. The 100-year tsunami is generated most frequently by far-field sources in the Alaska-Aleutian Subduction Zone and is characterized by maximum amplitudes that do not exceed 4 m, with an inland extent of less than 500 m. In contrast, the 500-year tsunami is dominated by local sources in the Cascadia Subduction Zone and is characterized by maximum amplitudes in excess of 10 m and an inland extent of more than 1 km. The primary sources of uncertainty in these results include those associated with interevent time estimates, modeling of background sea level, and accounting for temporal changes in bathymetry and topography. Nonetheless, PTHA represents an important contribution to tsunami hazard assessment techniques; viewed in the broader context of risk analysis, PTHA provides a method for quantifying estimates of the likelihood and severity of the tsunami hazard, which can then be combined with vulnerability and exposure to yield estimates of tsunami risk. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.

  1. Extent of ESL Teachers' Access To, Utilisation and Production of Research

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sibanda, Jabulani; Begede, Martin P.

    2015-01-01

    This study employed the survey design on a purposive sample of 100 English Second Language (ESL) teachers from Swaziland and South Africa's Eastern Cape Province, to investigate the extent to which they accessed, utilised and conducted research to better their practice. A survey questionnaire and follow-up structured interviews generated…

  2. Identity Formation and the Processes of "Othering": Unraveling Sexual Threads.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Weis, Lois

    1995-01-01

    Discusses the extent to which the processes of "othering" (marking and naming those considered different from oneself) fall into the physical and sexual realm. The paper examines three studies, highlighting the extent to which othering is sexual, naming and exploring what it means for current school practice in multicultural environments. (SM)

  3. 42 CFR 57.2211 - Waiver or suspension.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... period, such as problems of a personal nature; and (4) The extent to which the individual is practicing... whether to grant a waiver under this paragraph the extent to which the individual has problems of a personal nature, e.g., physical or mental disability, terminal illness in the family, or need for financial...

  4. 42 CFR 57.2211 - Waiver or suspension.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... period, such as problems of a personal nature; and (4) The extent to which the individual is practicing... whether to grant a waiver under this paragraph the extent to which the individual has problems of a personal nature, e.g., physical or mental disability, terminal illness in the family, or need for financial...

  5. Campus-Level Decision-Making Practices: Principals and Teachers Differ in Their Views

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Noel, Cindi; Slate, John R.; Brown, Michelle; Tejeda-Delgado, Carmen

    2009-01-01

    With the implementation of site-based decision-making occurring in schools, the extent to which teachers perceive their involvement in decisions on planning, budgeting, curriculum, staffing patterns, staff development, and campus-level organization and the extent to which teachers' views of their involvement in these activities are congruent with…

  6. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Soliman, A; Elzibak, A; Fatemi, A

    Purpose: To quantitatively evaluate the MR image quality of a novel direction modulated brachytherapy (DMBT) tandem applicator for cervical cancer, using the clinical MRI scanning protocol for image guided brachytherapy. Methods: The tungsten alloy-based applicator was placed in a water phantom and clinical imaging protocol was performed. Axial images were acquired using 2D turbo-spin echo (TSE) T2-weighted sequence on a 1.5T GE 450w MR scanner and an 8-channel body coil. As multi-channel receiver coil was used, inhomogeneities in the B1 receive field must be considered before performing the quantification process. Therefore the applicator was removed from the phantom and themore » whole imaging session was performed again for the water phantom with the same parameters. Images from the two scans were then subtracted, resulting in a difference image that only shows the applicator with its surrounding magnetic susceptibility dipole artifact. Line profiles were drawn and plotted on the difference image at various angles and locations along the tandem. Full width at half maximum (FWHM) was measured at all the line profiles to quantify the extent of the artifact. Additionally, the extent of the artifact along the diameter of the tandem was measured at various angles and locations. Results: After removing the background inhomogeneities of the receiver coil, FWHM of the tandem measured 5.75 ± 0.35 mm (the physical tandem diameter is 5.4 mm). The average extent of the artifacts along the diameter of the tandem measured is 2.14 ± 0.56 mm. In contrast to CT imaging of the same applicator (not shown here), the tandem can be easily identified without additional correction algorithms. Conclusion: This work demonstrated that the novel DMBT tandem applicator has minimal susceptibility artifact in T2-weighted images employed in clinical practice for MRI-guided brachytherapy of cervical cancer.« less

  7. Primary healthcare solo practices: homogeneous or heterogeneous?

    PubMed

    Pineault, Raynald; Borgès Da Silva, Roxane; Provost, Sylvie; Beaulieu, Marie-Dominique; Boivin, Antoine; Couture, Audrey; Prud'homme, Alexandre

    2014-01-01

    Introduction. Solo practices have generally been viewed as forming a homogeneous group. However, they may differ on many characteristics. The objective of this paper is to identify different forms of solo practice and to determine the extent to which they are associated with patient experience of care. Methods. Two surveys were carried out in two regions of Quebec in 2010: a telephone survey of 9180 respondents from the general population and a postal survey of 606 primary healthcare (PHC) practices. Data from the two surveys were linked through the respondent's usual source of care. A taxonomy of solo practices was constructed (n = 213), using cluster analysis techniques. Bivariate and multilevel analyses were used to determine the relationship of the taxonomy with patient experience of care. Results. Four models were derived from the taxonomy. Practices in the "resourceful networked" model contrast with those of the "resourceless isolated" model to the extent that the experience of care reported by their patients is more favorable. Conclusion. Solo practice is not a homogeneous group. The four models identified have different organizational features and their patients' experience of care also differs. Some models seem to offer a better organizational potential in the context of current reforms.

  8. Primary Healthcare Solo Practices: Homogeneous or Heterogeneous?

    PubMed Central

    Beaulieu, Marie-Dominique; Boivin, Antoine; Prud'homme, Alexandre

    2014-01-01

    Introduction. Solo practices have generally been viewed as forming a homogeneous group. However, they may differ on many characteristics. The objective of this paper is to identify different forms of solo practice and to determine the extent to which they are associated with patient experience of care. Methods. Two surveys were carried out in two regions of Quebec in 2010: a telephone survey of 9180 respondents from the general population and a postal survey of 606 primary healthcare (PHC) practices. Data from the two surveys were linked through the respondent's usual source of care. A taxonomy of solo practices was constructed (n = 213), using cluster analysis techniques. Bivariate and multilevel analyses were used to determine the relationship of the taxonomy with patient experience of care. Results. Four models were derived from the taxonomy. Practices in the “resourceful networked” model contrast with those of the “resourceless isolated” model to the extent that the experience of care reported by their patients is more favorable. Conclusion. Solo practice is not a homogeneous group. The four models identified have different organizational features and their patients' experience of care also differs. Some models seem to offer a better organizational potential in the context of current reforms. PMID:24523964

  9. University Program Management Information System

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2001-01-01

    As basic policy, NASA believes that colleges and universities should be encouraged to participate in the nation's space and aeronautics program to the maximum extent practicable. Indeed, universities are considered as partners with government and industry in the nation's aerospace program. NASA' objective is to have them bring their scientific, engineering, and social research competence to bear on aerospace problems and on the broader social, economic, and international implications of NASA's technical and scientific programs. It is expected that, in so doing, universities will strengthen both their research and their educational capabilities to contribute more effectively to the national well being. This annual report is one means of documenting the NASA-university relationship, frequently denoted, collectively, as NASA's University Program. This report is consistent with agency accounting records, as the data is obtained from NASA's Financial and Contractual Status (FACS) System, operated by the Financial Management Division and the Procurement Office. However, in accordance with interagency agreements, the orientation differs from that required for financial or procurement purposes. Any apparent discrepancies between this report and other NASA procurement or financial reports stem from the selection criteria for the data.

  10. Clinical effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral group treatment program for anxiety disorders: a benchmarking study.

    PubMed

    Oei, Tian P S; Boschen, Mark J

    2009-10-01

    Previous research has established efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders, yet it has not been widely assessed in routine community clinic practices. Efficacy research sacrifices external validity to achieve maximum internal validity. Recently, effectiveness research has been advocated as more ecologically valid for assessing routine clinical work in community clinics. Furthermore, there is a lack of effectiveness research in group CBT. This study aims to extend existing research on the effectiveness of CBT from individual therapy into group therapy delivery. It aimed also to examine outcome using not only symptom measures, but also measures of related symptoms, cognitions, and life quality and satisfaction. Results from a cohort of patients with various anxiety disorders demonstrated that treatment was effective in reducing anxiety symptoms to an extent comparable with other effectiveness studies. Despite this, only 43% of individuals showed reliable change, and 17% were 'recovered' from their anxiety symptoms, and the post-treatment measures were still significantly different from the level of anxiety symptoms observed in the general population.

  11. University Program Management Information System

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gans, Gary (Technical Monitor)

    2004-01-01

    As basic policy, NASA believes that colleges and universities should be encouraged to participate in the nation's space and aeronautics program to the maximum extent practicable. Indeed, universities are considered as partners with government and industry in the nation's aerospace program. NASA's objective is to have them bring their scientific, engineering, and social research competence to bear on aerospace problems and on the broader social, economic, and international implications of NASA's technical and scientific programs. It is expected that, in so doing, universities will strengthen both their research and their educational capabilities to contribute more effectively to the national well being. This annual report is one means of documenting the NASA-university relationship, frequently denoted, collectively, as NASA's University Program. This report is consistent with agency accounting records, as the data is obtained from NASA's Financial and Contractual Status (FACS) System, operated by the Financial Management Division and the Procurement Office. However, in accordance with interagency agreements, the orientation differs from that required for financial or procurement purposes. Any apparent discrepancies between this report and other NASA procurement or financial reports stem from the selection criteria for the data.

  12. Continuous Mass Measurement on Conveyor Belt

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tomobe, Yuki; Tasaki, Ryosuke; Yamazaki, Takanori; Ohnishi, Hideo; Kobayashi, Masaaki; Kurosu, Shigeru

    The continuous mass measurement of packages on a conveyor belt will become greatly important. In the mass measurement, the sequence of products is generally random. An interesting possibility of raising throughput of the conveyor line without increasing the conveyor belt speed is offered by the use of two or three conveyor belt scales (called a multi-stage conveyor belt scale). The multi-stage conveyor belt scale can be created which will adjust the conveyor belt length to the product length. The conveyor belt scale usually has maximum capacities of less than 80kg and 140cm, and achieves measuring rates of more than 150 packages per minute and more. The output signals from the conveyor belt scale are always contaminated with noises due to vibrations of the conveyor and the product to be measured in motion. In this paper an employed digital filter is of Finite Impulse Response (FIR) type designed under the consideration on the dynamics of the conveyor system. The experimental results on the conveyor belt scale suggest that the filtering algorithms are effective enough to practical applications to some extent.

  13. 40 CFR 420.132 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 TSS 0.00998 0.00465 pH (2) (2) 1 Pounds per thousand pound of product. 2... Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 O&G (as HEM) 0.00746 0.00446 TSS 0.0123 0.00508 pH (2) (2) 1 Pounds...

  14. 40 CFR 420.132 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 TSS 0.00998 0.00465 pH (2) (2) 1 Pounds per thousand pound of product. 2... Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 O&G (as HEM) 0.00746 0.00446 TSS 0.0123 0.00508 pH (2) (2) 1 Pounds...

  15. 40 CFR 432.22 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... maximum monthly average limitation. 4 May be measured as hexane extractable material (HEM). (2) In... the following effluent limitation for ammonia (as N): Effluent Limitations [BPT] Regulatedparameter Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 Ammonia (as N) 8.0 4.0 1 mg/L (ppm). (2) In the case of process...

  16. 40 CFR 432.22 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... maximum monthly average limitation. 4 May be measured as hexane extractable material (HEM). (2) In... the following effluent limitation for ammonia (as N): Effluent Limitations [BPT] Regulatedparameter Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 Ammonia (as N) 8.0 4.0 1 mg/L (ppm). (2) In the case of process...

  17. 40 CFR 432.22 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... maximum monthly average limitation. 4 May be measured as hexane extractable material (HEM). (2) In... the following effluent limitation for ammonia (as N): Effluent Limitations [BPT] Regulatedparameter Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 Ammonia (as N) 8.0 4.0 1 mg/L (ppm). (2) In the case of process...

  18. 40 CFR 432.22 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... maximum monthly average limitation. 4 May be measured as hexane extractable material (HEM). (2) In... the following effluent limitation for ammonia (as N): Effluent Limitations [BPT] Regulatedparameter Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 Ammonia (as N) 8.0 4.0 1 mg/L (ppm). (2) In the case of process...

  19. 40 CFR 432.22 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... maximum monthly average limitation. 4 May be measured as hexane extractable material (HEM). (2) In... the following effluent limitation for ammonia (as N): Effluent Limitations [BPT] Regulatedparameter Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 Ammonia (as N) 8.0 4.0 1 mg/L (ppm). (2) In the case of process...

  20. 18 CFR 2.23 - Use of reserved authority in hydropower licenses to ameliorate cumulative impacts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY GENERAL RULES GENERAL... such articles will describe, to the maximum extent possible, reasonably foreseeable future resource... “reopener” articles (see § 2.9 of this part) which reserve authority to the Commission to require, among...

  1. 77 FR 21002 - Creation of a Low Power Radio Service; Amendment of Service and Eligibility Rules for FM...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-09

    ... comparative licensing criteria are designed to promote these goals. These criteria include a requirement that... Further Notice, incorporating certain modifications proposed by commenters. These policies are designed to.... Nevertheless, these procedures are also designed to facilitate to the maximum extent possible the grant of the...

  2. 48 CFR 324.102 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... PROTECTION OF PRIVACY AND FREEDOM OF INFORMATION Protection of Individual Privacy 324.102 General. (a) It is HHS policy to protect the privacy of individuals to the maximum possible extent, while permitting the... Act (5 U.S.C. 552). The Privacy Act of 1974 and the HHS implementation under 45 CFR Part 5b apply...

  3. The Modified Physical Education Class: An Option for the Least Restrictive Environment

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lieberman, Lauren J.; Cavanaugh, Lauren; Haegele, Justin A.; Aiello, Rocco; Wilson, Wesley J.

    2017-01-01

    Public Law 94-142, The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (now The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act), requires all children with disabilities to be educated in the least restrictive environment (LRE). The LRE requirement means that students with disabilities, to the maximum extent possible, should be educated in the general…

  4. 78 FR 57749 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Determination of Endangered Species Status for...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-19

    ... Service 50 CFR Part 17 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Determination of Endangered Species... Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Determination of Endangered Species Status for Mount... determination on our proposal within 1 year. Critical habitat shall be designated, to the maximum extent prudent...

  5. 32 CFR 151.3 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Policy. 151.3 Section 151.3 National Defense... FORCES POLICIES AND INFORMATION § 151.3 Policy. It is the policy of the Department of Defense to protect, to the maximum extent possible, the rights of U.S. personnel who may be subject to criminal trial by...

  6. 41 CFR 102-76.10 - What basic design and construction policy governs Federal agencies?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    .... (c) Follow nationally recognized model building codes and other applicable nationally recognized codes that govern Federal construction to the maximum extent feasible and consider local building code requirements. (See 40 U.S.C. 3310 and 3312.) (d) Design Federal buildings to have a long life expectancy and...

  7. EFFECTS OF HURRICANE IVAN ON WATER QUALITY IN PENSACOLA BAY, FL USA

    EPA Science Inventory

    Pensacola Bay was in the strong NE quadrant of Hurricane Ivan when it made landfall on September 16, 2004 as a category 3 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson scale. We present data describing the timeline and maximum height of the storm surge, the extent of flooding of coastal land, ...

  8. Making It Happen: Student Involvement in Education Planning, Decision Making, and Instruction.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wehmeyer, Michael L., Ed.; Sands, Deanna J., Ed.

    This book provides teachers and other practitioners with a variety of procedures and materials to help students with disabilities become involved in their transition planning to the maximum extent possible. Chapters include: (1) "Student Involvement in Education Planning, Decision Making, and Instruction: An Idea Whose Time Has Arrived" (Michael…

  9. 18 CFR 157.214 - Increase in storage capacity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Increase in storage... Act for Certain Transactions and Abandonment § 157.214 Increase in storage capacity. (a) Prior notice... maximum volume of natural gas authorized to be stored in a storage field to the extent that geological...

  10. 18 CFR 157.214 - Increase in storage capacity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Increase in storage... Act for Certain Transactions and Abandonment § 157.214 Increase in storage capacity. (a) Prior notice... maximum volume of natural gas authorized to be stored in a storage field to the extent that geological...

  11. 18 CFR 157.214 - Increase in storage capacity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Increase in storage... Act for Certain Transactions and Abandonment § 157.214 Increase in storage capacity. (a) Prior notice... maximum volume of natural gas authorized to be stored in a storage field to the extent that geological...

  12. 18 CFR 157.214 - Increase in storage capacity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Increase in storage... Act for Certain Transactions and Abandonment § 157.214 Increase in storage capacity. (a) Prior notice... maximum volume of natural gas authorized to be stored in a storage field to the extent that geological...

  13. 18 CFR 157.214 - Increase in storage capacity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Increase in storage... Act for Certain Transactions and Abandonment § 157.214 Increase in storage capacity. (a) Prior notice... maximum volume of natural gas authorized to be stored in a storage field to the extent that geological...

  14. Fingerprinting of glacial silt in lake sediments yields continuous records of alpine glaciation (35–15 ka), western USA

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Rosenbaum, Joseph G.; Reynolds, Richard L.; Colman, Steven M.

    2012-01-01

    Fingerprinting glacial silt in last glacial-age sediments from Upper Klamath Lake (UKL) and Bear Lake (BL) provides continuous radiocarbon-dated records of glaciation for the southeastern Cascade Range and northwestern Uinta Mountains, respectively. Comparing of these records to cosmogenic exposure ages from moraines suggests that variations in glacial flour largely reflect glacial extent. The two areas are at similar latitudes and yield similar records of glacial growth and recession, even though UKL lies less than 200 km from the ocean and BL is in the continental interior. As sea level began to fall prior to the global Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), existing glaciers in the UKL area expanded. Near the beginning of the global LGM (26.5 ka), the BL record indicates onset of glaciation and UKL-area glaciers underwent further expansion. Both records indicate that local glaciers reached their maximum extents near the end of the global LGM, remained near their maxima for ~1000 yr, and underwent two stages of retreat separated by a short period of expansion.

  15. Long term monitoring of photosystem II herbicides--correlation with remotely sensed freshwater extent to monitor changes in the quality of water entering the Great Barrier Reef, Australia.

    PubMed

    Kennedy, Karen; Schroeder, Thomas; Shaw, Melanie; Haynes, David; Lewis, Stephen; Bentley, Christie; Paxman, Chris; Carter, Steve; Brando, Vittorio E; Bartkow, Michael; Hearn, Laurence; Mueller, Jochen F

    2012-01-01

    Photosystem II (PSII) herbicides are used in large quantities on agricultural lands adjoining the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Routine monitoring at 14 sites in inshore waters of the GBR using passive sampling techniques detected diuron (32-94% of sampling periods) at maximum concentrations of 1.7-430ng L(-1) in the relatively pristine Cape York Region to the Mackay Whitsunday Region, respectively. A PSII herbicide equivalent (PSII-HEq) index developed as an indicator for reporting was dominated by diuron (average contribution 89%) and typically increased during the wet season. The maximum PSII-HEq indicates the potential for photosynthetic inhibition of diatoms, seagrass and coral-symbionts. PSII herbicides were significantly positively correlated with remotely sensed coloured dissolved organic matter, a proxy for freshwater extent. Combining these methods provides for the first time the potential to cost-effectively monitor improvements in water quality entering the GBR with respect to exposure to PSII herbicides. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  16. Fingerprinting of glacial silt in lake sediments yields continuous records of alpine glaciation (35-15 ka), western USA

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rosenbaum, Joseph G.; Reynolds, Richard L.; Colman, Steven M.

    2012-09-01

    Fingerprinting glacial silt in last glacial-age sediments from Upper Klamath Lake (UKL) and Bear Lake (BL) provides continuous radiocarbon-dated records of glaciation for the southeastern Cascade Range and northwestern Uinta Mountains, respectively. Comparing of these records to cosmogenic exposure ages from moraines suggests that variations in glacial flour largely reflect glacial extent. The two areas are at similar latitudes and yield similar records of glacial growth and recession, even though UKL lies less than 200 km from the ocean and BL is in the continental interior. As sea level began to fall prior to the global Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), existing glaciers in the UKL area expanded. Near the beginning of the global LGM (26.5 ka), the BL record indicates onset of glaciation and UKL-area glaciers underwent further expansion. Both records indicate that local glaciers reached their maximum extents near the end of the global LGM, remained near their maxima for ~ 1000 yr, and underwent two stages of retreat separated by a short period of expansion.

  17. Strategic environmental assessment in tourism planning - Extent of application and quality of documentation

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Carvalho Lemos, Clara, E-mail: clara@sc.usp.br; Fischer, Thomas B., E-mail: fischer@liverpool.ac.uk; Pereira Souza, Marcelo, E-mail: mps@usp.br

    Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) has been applied throughout the world in different sectors and in various ways. This paper reports on results of a PhD research on SEA applied to tourism development planning, reflecting the situation in mid-2010. First, the extent of tourism specific SEA application world-wide is established. Then, based on a review of the quality of 10 selected SEA reports, good practice, as well as challenges, trends and opportunities for tourism specific SEA are identified. Shortcomings of SEA in tourism planning are established and implications for future research are outlined. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The extent of tourism specificmore » SEA practice is identified. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Selected SEA/Tourism reports are evaluated. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer SEA application to tourism planning is still limited. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A number of shortcomings can be pointed out.« less

  18. The build-up, configuration, and dynamical sensitivity of the Eurasian ice-sheet complex to Late Weichselian climatic and oceanic forcing

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Patton, Henry; Hubbard, Alun; Andreassen, Karin; Winsborrow, Monica; Stroeven, Arjen P.

    2016-12-01

    The Eurasian ice-sheet complex (EISC) was the third largest ice mass during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), after the Antarctic and North American ice sheets. Despite its global significance, a comprehensive account of its evolution from independent nucleation centres to its maximum extent is conspicuously lacking. Here, a first-order, thermomechanical model, robustly constrained by empirical evidence, is used to investigate the dynamics of the EISC throughout its build-up to its maximum configuration. The ice flow model is coupled to a reference climate and applied at 10 km spatial resolution across a domain that includes the three main spreading centres of the Celtic, Fennoscandian and Barents Sea ice sheets. The model is forced with the NGRIP palaeo-isotope curve from 37 ka BP onwards and model skill is assessed against collated flowsets, marginal moraines, exposure ages and relative sea-level history. The evolution of the EISC to its LGM configuration was complex and asynchronous; the western, maritime margins of the Fennoscandian and Celtic ice sheets responded rapidly and advanced across their continental shelves by 29 ka BP, yet the maximum aerial extent (5.48 × 106 km2) and volume (7.18 × 106 km3) of the ice complex was attained some 6 ka later at c. 22.7 ka BP. This maximum stand was short-lived as the North Sea and Atlantic margins were already in retreat whilst eastern margins were still advancing up until c. 20 ka BP. High rates of basal erosion are modelled beneath ice streams and outlet glaciers draining the Celtic and Fennoscandian ice sheets with extensive preservation elsewhere due to frozen subglacial conditions, including much of the Barents and Kara seas. Here, and elsewhere across the Norwegian shelf and North Sea, high pressure subglacial conditions would have promoted localised gas hydrate formation.

  19. 15 CFR 990.15 - Considerations to facilitate restoration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ..., identify support services, identify natural resources and services at risk, identify area and regional... included in pre-incident planning to the fullest extent practicable. (b) Regional Restoration Plans. Where practicable, incident-specific restoration plan development is preferred, however, trustees may develop...

  20. Implementation of Job Development Practices

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Migliore, Alberto; Butterworth, John; Nord, Derek; Cox, Monica; Gelb, Amy

    2012-01-01

    We investigated the extent to which employment consultants implemented job development practices recommended in the literature when assisting job seekers with intellectual or developmental disabilities. We contacted 83 employment consultants from 25 employment programs in Minnesota and Connecticut. Fifty-nine participants were eligible and…

  1. Adoption of Obesity Prevention Policies and Practices by Australian Primary Schools: 2006 to 2013

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Nathan, N.; Wolfenden, L.; Williams, C. M.; Yoong, S. L.; Lecathelinais, C.; Bell, A. C.; Wyse, R.; Sutherland, R.; Wiggers, J.

    2015-01-01

    Despite significant investment in many countries, the extent of schools' adoption of obesity prevention policies and practices has not been widely reported. The aims of this article are to describe Australian schools' adoption of healthy eating and physical activity policies and practices over an 8-year period and to determine if their adoption…

  2. From Glass Flowers to Computer Games: Examining the Emergent Media Practices of Plant Biologists

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Reitmeyer, Morgan

    2011-01-01

    The goal of this project is to begin investigating the emergent media practices of current academic disciplines. This dissertation posits that Writing Across the Curriculum (WAC) scholars have investigated new media use in undergraduate pedagogy, and to some extent the practices of graduate students. However, WAC scholars have yet to try to…

  3. Learning Outdoors and Living Well? Conceptual Prospects for Enhancing Curriculum Planning and Pedagogical Practices

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Thorburn, Malcolm; Allison, Peter

    2017-01-01

    In aiming to support school-based outdoor learning opportunities, this paper critiques the extent to which Deweyan and neo-Aristotelian theorising is helpful in highlighting how personal growth and practical wisdom gains can be realised. Such critique is necessary, as there are signs of an implementation gap between practice and policy, which is…

  4. Impact of Haemophilia on Child-rearing Practices and Parental Co-operation.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Markova, Ivana; And Others

    1980-01-01

    The parents of eight 3-5-year-old hemophilic boys and 3-5-year-old nonhemophilic boys were interviewed to explore (a) extent to which the rearing practices and cooperation between the parents of a hemophilic child differ from the parents of a nonhemophilic child and (b) differences between rearing practices and parental cooperation in families…

  5. Exploring Teacher Beliefs and Classroom Practices through Reflective Practice: A Case Study

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Farrell, Thomas S. C.; Ives, Jessica

    2015-01-01

    This article presents a case study that explored and reflected on the relationship between the stated beliefs and observed classroom practices of one second language reading teacher. The findings of this study revealed that this particular teacher holds complex beliefs about teaching reading that were evident to some extent in many of his…

  6. Maximum-performance fiber-optic irradiation with nonimaging designs.

    PubMed

    Fang, Y; Feuermann, D; Gordon, J M

    1997-10-01

    A range of practical nonimaging designs for optical fiber applications is presented. Rays emerging from a fiber over a restricted angular range (small numerical aperture) are needed to illuminate a small near-field detector at maximum radiative efficiency. These designs range from pure reflector (all-mirror), to pure dielectric (refractive and based on total internal reflection) to lens-mirror combinations. Sample designs are shown for a specific infrared fiber-optic irradiation problem of practical interest. Optical performance is checked with computer three-dimensional ray tracing. Compared with conventional imaging solutions, nonimaging units offer considerable practical advantages in compactness and ease of alignment as well as noticeably superior radiative efficiency.

  7. WIND SPEED Monitoring in Northern Eurasia

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bulygina, O.; Korshunova, N. N.; Razuvaev, V. N.; Groisman, P. Y.

    2016-12-01

    The wind regime of Russia varies a great deal due to the large size of the country's territory and variety of climate and terrain conditions. Changes in the regime of surface wind are of great practical importance. They can affect heat and water balance. Strong wind is one of the most hazardous meteorological event for various sectors of economy and for infrastructure. The main objective of this research is to monitoring wind speed change in Northern Eurasia At meteorological stations wind speed and wind direction are measured at the height of 10-12 meters over the land surface with the help of wind meters or wind wanes. Calculations were made on the basis of data for the period of 1980-2015. It allowed the massive scale disruption of homogeneity to be eliminated and sufficient period needed to obtain sustainable statistic characteristics to be retained. Data on average and maximum wind speed measured at 1457 stations of Russia were used. The analysis of changes in wind characteristics was made on the basis of point data and series of average characteristics obtained for 18 quasi-homogeneous climatic regions. Statistical characteristics (average and maximum values of wind speed, prevailing wind direction, values of the boundary of the 90%, 95% and 99%-confidence interval in the distribution of maximum wind speed) were obtained for all seasons and for the year as a whole. Values of boundaries of the 95% and 99%-confidence interval in the distribution of maximum wind speed were considered as indicators of extremeness of the wind regime. The trend of changes in average and maximum wind speed was assessed with a linear trend coefficient. A special attention was paid to wind changes in the Arctic where dramatic changes in surface air temperature and sea ice extent and density have been observed during the past decade. The analysis of the results allowed seasonal and regional features of changes in the wind regime on the territory of the northern part of Eurasia to be determined. The outcomes could help to provide specific recommendations to users of hydrometeorological information for making reasonable decisions to minimize losses caused by adverse wind-related weather conditions. The work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (grant 14.B25.31.0026).

  8. Using tsunami deposits to determine the maximum depth of benthic burrowing

    PubMed Central

    Shirai, Kotaro; Murakami-Sugihara, Naoko

    2017-01-01

    The maximum depth of sediment biomixing is directly related to the vertical extent of post-depositional environmental alteration in the sediment; consequently, it is important to determine the maximum burrowing depth. This study examined the maximum depth of bioturbation in a natural marine environment in Funakoshi Bay, northeastern Japan, using observations of bioturbation structures developed in an event layer (tsunami deposits of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake) and measurements of the radioactive cesium concentrations in this layer. The observations revealed that the depth of bioturbation (i.e., the thickness of the biomixing layer) ranged between 11 and 22 cm, and varied among the sampling sites. In contrast, the radioactive cesium concentrations showed that the processing of radioactive cesium in coastal environments may include other pathways in addition to bioturbation. The data also revealed the nature of the bioturbation by the heart urchin Echinocardium cordatum (Echinoidea: Loveniidae), which is one of the important ecosystem engineers in seafloor environments. The maximum burrowing depth of E. cordatum in Funakoshi Bay was 22 cm from the seafloor surface. PMID:28854254

  9. Using tsunami deposits to determine the maximum depth of benthic burrowing.

    PubMed

    Seike, Koji; Shirai, Kotaro; Murakami-Sugihara, Naoko

    2017-01-01

    The maximum depth of sediment biomixing is directly related to the vertical extent of post-depositional environmental alteration in the sediment; consequently, it is important to determine the maximum burrowing depth. This study examined the maximum depth of bioturbation in a natural marine environment in Funakoshi Bay, northeastern Japan, using observations of bioturbation structures developed in an event layer (tsunami deposits of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake) and measurements of the radioactive cesium concentrations in this layer. The observations revealed that the depth of bioturbation (i.e., the thickness of the biomixing layer) ranged between 11 and 22 cm, and varied among the sampling sites. In contrast, the radioactive cesium concentrations showed that the processing of radioactive cesium in coastal environments may include other pathways in addition to bioturbation. The data also revealed the nature of the bioturbation by the heart urchin Echinocardium cordatum (Echinoidea: Loveniidae), which is one of the important ecosystem engineers in seafloor environments. The maximum burrowing depth of E. cordatum in Funakoshi Bay was 22 cm from the seafloor surface.

  10. The impact of broiler production system practices on consumer perceptions of animal welfare.

    PubMed

    de Jonge, Janneke; van Trijp, Hans C M

    2013-12-01

    This research explores the extent to which different farm management practices influence the perceived animal friendliness of broiler production systems, and how this differs between individuals. Using a conjoint design with paired comparisons, respondents evaluated broiler production systems that were described on the basis of 7 animal welfare-related practices. It was found that practices in the area of outdoor access, stocking density, and day-night rhythm were overall perceived to have a larger impact on perceptions of animal friendliness than other practices, such as transport duration or the type of breed used. However, individuals differed regarding the extent to which they believed the different farm management practices influenced the animal friendliness of the production system. Differences between individuals regarding their knowledge about and familiarity with livestock farming, degree of anthropomorphism, and their moral beliefs regarding animal welfare partly explained the relative importance individuals attached to farm management practices. The obtained insight into which welfare-related farm management practices, in consumers' minds, most strongly contribute to animal welfare, and the existence of differences between consumers, can be helpful in the development of animal welfare-based certification schemes that are appealing to consumers, as well as the positioning of welfare concepts in the market.

  11. 17 CFR 229.910 - (Item 910) Fairness of the transaction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... reasonable detail the material factors upon which the belief stated in paragraph (a) of this Item (§ 229.910) is based and, to the extent practicable, the weight assigned to each such factor. Such discussion should include an analysis of the extent, if any, to which such belief is based on the factors set forth...

  12. Fulfilling an American Dream: A Typology of Heroes (Some Beginning Ideas).

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Parsons, James B.

    The nature and possible future of heroes is examined in this document. The approach is theoretical to the extent that it explores the nature of heroes in the Western tradition from the Greeks through present-day personalities (including sports, entertainment, political, and literary personalities). The approach is practical to the extent that it…

  13. Principals Discuss Early Implementation of the ASSISTments Online Homework Tutor for Mathematics. ASSISTments Efficacy Study Report 2

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fairman, Janet; Porter, Michael; Fisher, Susannah

    2015-01-01

    This report presents the findings from interviews with principals about their schools' participation in the ASSISTments efficacy study on seventh-grade mathematics. The purpose of the interviews was to explore the following areas: To what extent schools had policies or expectations regarding homework practice and completion; To what extent schools…

  14. The Teaching of the Code of Ethics and Standard Practices for Texas Educator Preparation Programs

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Davenport, Marvin; Thompson, J. Ray; Templeton, Nathan R.

    2015-01-01

    The purpose of this descriptive quantitative research study was to answer three basic informational questions: (1) To what extent ethics training, as stipulated in Texas Administrative Code Chapter 247, was included in the EPP curriculum; (2) To what extent Texas public universities with approved EPP programs provided faculty opportunities for…

  15. Health Behaviors of Psychotherapists.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Royak-Schaler, Renee; Feldman, Robert H. L.

    1984-01-01

    Examined the health behaviors practiced by psychotherapists (N=86) themselves and the extent to which they focus on these behaviors with their clients. Results indicated that psychotherapists actively evaluate and make recommendations to their clients in the areas of diet, physical exercise, and relaxation practice. (JAC)

  16. 40 CFR 432.32 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... maximum monthly average limitation. 4 May be measured as hexane extractable material (HEM). (2) In... facilities must achieve the following effluent limitation for ammonia (as N): Effluent Limitations [BPT] Regulatedparameter Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 Ammonia (as N) 8.0 4.0 1 mg/L (ppm). (2) In the case of...

  17. 40 CFR 432.42 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... at any time. 4 No maximum monthly average limitation. 5 May be measured as hexane extractable... limitations: (1) All facilities must achieve the following effluent limitations for ammonia (as N): Effluent Limitations [BPT] Regulated parameter Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 Ammonia (as N) 8.0 4.0 1 mg/L...

  18. 40 CFR 432.32 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... maximum monthly average limitation. 4 May be measured as hexane extractable material (HEM). (2) In... facilities must achieve the following effluent limitation for ammonia (as N): Effluent Limitations [BPT] Regulatedparameter Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 Ammonia (as N) 8.0 4.0 1 mg/L (ppm). (2) In the case of...

  19. 40 CFR 432.42 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... at any time. 4 No maximum monthly average limitation. 5 May be measured as hexane extractable... limitations: (1) All facilities must achieve the following effluent limitations for ammonia (as N): Effluent Limitations [BPT] Regulated parameter Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 Ammonia (as N) 8.0 4.0 1 mg/L...

  20. 40 CFR 432.42 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... at any time. 4 No maximum monthly average limitation. 5 May be measured as hexane extractable... limitations: (1) All facilities must achieve the following effluent limitations for ammonia (as N): Effluent Limitations [BPT] Regulated parameter Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 Ammonia (as N) 8.0 4.0 1 mg/L...

  1. 40 CFR 432.42 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... at any time. 4 No maximum monthly average limitation. 5 May be measured as hexane extractable... limitations: (1) All facilities must achieve the following effluent limitations for ammonia (as N): Effluent Limitations [BPT] Regulated parameter Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 Ammonia (as N) 8.0 4.0 1 mg/L...

  2. 40 CFR 432.32 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... maximum monthly average limitation. 4 May be measured as hexane extractable material (HEM). (2) In... facilities must achieve the following effluent limitation for ammonia (as N): Effluent Limitations [BPT] Regulatedparameter Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 Ammonia (as N) 8.0 4.0 1 mg/L (ppm). (2) In the case of...

  3. 40 CFR 432.32 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... maximum monthly average limitation. 4 May be measured as hexane extractable material (HEM). (2) In... facilities must achieve the following effluent limitation for ammonia (as N): Effluent Limitations [BPT] Regulatedparameter Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 Ammonia (as N) 8.0 4.0 1 mg/L (ppm). (2) In the case of...

  4. 40 CFR 432.32 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... maximum monthly average limitation. 4 May be measured as hexane extractable material (HEM). (2) In... facilities must achieve the following effluent limitation for ammonia (as N): Effluent Limitations [BPT] Regulatedparameter Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 Ammonia (as N) 8.0 4.0 1 mg/L (ppm). (2) In the case of...

  5. 40 CFR 432.42 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... at any time. 4 No maximum monthly average limitation. 5 May be measured as hexane extractable... limitations: (1) All facilities must achieve the following effluent limitations for ammonia (as N): Effluent Limitations [BPT] Regulated parameter Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 Ammonia (as N) 8.0 4.0 1 mg/L...

  6. First results of mapping sporadic E with a passive observing network

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rice, D. D.; Sojka, J. J.; Eccles, J. V.; Raitt, J. W.; Brady, J. J.; Hunsucker, R. D.

    2011-12-01

    Sporadic E (Es) can have dramatic effects on communications in the HF and low VHF range, producing over-the-horizon propagation for signals normally restricted to line-of-sight, and sometimes blocking F region propagation of signals in the lower HF range. Measuring the E region winds believed to produce Es is difficult, and no practical means of predicting Es occurrence currently exists other than statistical models. We describe a low-cost observing network based on software-controlled receivers that continuously watches for Es in near-real time using oblique HF propagation from existing transmitters. Results from an 11-day pilot campaign in July 2008 demonstrated that even a limited number of receivers in the network can readily determine the presence and extent of Es patches. These observations indicate that Es often develops quickly over regions of several hundred kilometers rather than gradually drifting across an area. These widespread Es “blooms” have been observed near winter solstice and occasionally at other times of the year; their lifetime depends on the season but can be several hours during the summer. The current network allows the extent of Es in portions of North America to be evaluated: the geographical distribution of Es and bounds on the density of the layer are inferred from its effects on the ionospheric maximum usable frequency (MUF). This study demonstrates quantitatively that Es mapping can provide information about Es layer geographical growth and decay. The observed sudden widespread Es blooms are space weather events that can have significant impact on HF/lower VHF communications and propagation model predictions.

  7. Increasing bioenergy production on arable land: Does the regional and local climate respond? Germany as a case study

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tölle, Merja H.; Gutjahr, Oliver; Busch, Gerald; Thiele, Jan C.

    2014-03-01

    The extent and magnitude of land cover change effect on local and regional future climate during the vegetation period due to different forms of bioenergy plants are quantified for extreme temperatures and energy fluxes. Furthermore, we vary the spatial extent of plant allocation on arable land and simulate alternative availability of transpiration water to mimic both rainfed agriculture and irrigation. We perform climate simulations down to 1 km scale for 1970-1975 C20 and 2070-2075 A1B over Germany with Consortium for Small-Scale Modeling in Climate Mode. Here an impact analysis indicates a strong local influence due to land cover changes. The regional effect is decreased by two thirds of the magnitude of the local-scale impact. The changes are largest locally for irrigated poplar with decreasing maximum temperatures by 1°C in summer months and increasing specific humidity by 0.15 g kg-1. The increased evapotranspiration may result in more precipitation. The increase of surface radiative fluxes Rnet due to changes in latent and sensible heat is estimated by 5 W m-2locally. Moreover, increases in the surface latent heat flux cause strong local evaporative cooling in the summer months, whereas the associated regional cooling effect is pronounced by increases in cloud cover. The changes on a regional scale are marginal and not significant. Increasing bioenergy production on arable land may result in local temperature changes but not in substantial regional climate change in Germany. We show the effect of agricultural practices during climate transitions in spring and fall.

  8. Major International R and D Ranges and Test Facilities. Summary of Capabilities

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1990-01-01

    with a maximum impulse of firing of large numbers of rounds by a weapon in order to 1500 G and a maximum test item weight of 200 pounds. produce...millimetres may be fired safely, using test item weight of 1,000 pounds. training practice or training practice tracer ammunition. The :ange butts consist of...predictions of coherent sound propagation loss in the ocean. This information is useful in estimating the performance of low-frequency passive sonars

  9. Increased Hatha yoga experience predicts lower body mass index and reduced medication use in women over 45 years

    PubMed Central

    Moliver, N; Mika, EM; Chartrand, MS; Burrus, SWM; Haussmann, RE; Khalsa, SBS

    2011-01-01

    Background: Yoga has been shown to have many short-term health benefits, but little is known about the extent to which these benefits accrue over a long time frame or with frequent practice. Aims: The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which body mass index (BMI) and medication use in a sample of female yoga practitioners over 45 years varied according to the length and frequency of yoga practice. Materials and Methods: We administered online surveys to 211 female yoga practitioners aged 45 to 80 years. We used regression analyses to evaluate the relationship of extent of yoga experience to both BMI and medication use after accounting for age and lifestyle factors. We also conducted comparisons with 182 matched controls. Results: Participants had practiced yoga for as long as 50 years and for up to 28 hours per week. There were significant inverse relationships between yoga experience and both BMI and medication load. These significant relationships remained after accounting for age and lifestyle factors. When we computed yoga experience in terms of total calendar years, without accounting for hours of practice, significant relationships did not remain. However, there was no obesity in the 49 participants with more than 25 years of yoga practice. Yoga practitioners were less likely than non-practitioners to use medication for metabolic syndrome, mood disorders, inflammation, and pain. Conclusions: A long-term yoga practice was associated with little or no obesity in a non-probability sample of women over 45 years. Relationships showed a dose-response effect, with increased yoga experience predicting lower BMI and reduced medication use. PMID:22022126

  10. Deciphering the evolution of the last Eurasian ice sheets

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hughes, Anna; Gyllencreutz, Richard; Mangerud, Jan; Svendsen, John Inge

    2016-04-01

    Glacial geologists need ice sheet-scale chronological reconstructions of former ice extent to set individual records in a wider context and compare interpretations of ice sheet response to records of past environmental changes. Ice sheet modellers require empirical reconstructions on size and volume of past ice sheets that are fully documented, specified in time and include uncertainty estimates for model validation or constraints. Motivated by these demands, in 2005 we started a project (Database of the Eurasian Deglaciation, DATED) to compile and archive all published dates relevant to constraining the build-up and retreat of the last Eurasian ice sheets, including the British-Irish, Scandinavian and Svalbard-Barents-Kara Seas ice sheets (BIIS, SIS and SBKIS respectively). Over 5000 dates were assessed for reliability and used together with published ice-sheet margin positions to reconstruct time-slice maps of the ice sheets' extent, with uncertainty bounds, every 1000 years between 25-10 kyr ago and at four additional periods back to 40 kyr ago. Ten years after the idea for a database was conceived, the first version of results (DATED-1) has now been released (Hughes et al. 2016). We observe that: i) both the BIIS and SBKIS achieve maximum extent, and commence retreat earlier than the larger SIS; ii) the eastern terrestrial margin of the SIS reached its maximum extent up to 7000 years later than the westernmost marine margin; iii) the combined maximum ice volume (~24 m sea-level equivalent) was reached c. 21 ka; iv) large uncertainties exist; predominantly across marine sectors (e.g. the timing of coalescence and separation of the SIS and BKIS) but also in well-studied areas due to conflicting yet equally robust data. In just three years since the DATED-1 census (1 January 2013), the volume of new information (from both dates and mapped glacial geomorphology) has grown significantly (~1000 new dates). Here, we present the DATED-1 results in the context of the climatic changes of the last glacial, discuss the implications of emerging post-census data, and describe plans for the next version of the database, DATED-2. Hughes, A. L. C., Gyllencreutz, R., Lohne, Ø. S., Mangerud, J., Svendsen, J. I. 2016: The last Eurasian ice sheets - a chronological database and time-slice reconstruction, DATED-1. Boreas, 45, 1-45. 10.1111/bor.12142

  11. Surface Deformation and Direct Field Observation to Constrain Conceptual Models of Hydraulic Fracture Growth and Form

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Slack, W.; Murdoch, L.

    2016-12-01

    Hydraulic fractures can be created in shallow soil or bedrock to promote processes that destroy or remove chemical contaminants. The form of the fracture plays an important role in how it is used in such applications. We created more than 4500 environmental hydraulic fractures at approximately 300 sites since 1990, and we measured surface deformation at many. Several of these sites subsequently were excavated to evaluate fracture form in detail. In one recent example, six hydraulic fractures were created at 1.5m depth while we measured upward displacement and tilt at 15 overlying locations. We excavated in the vicinities of two of the fractures and mapped the exposed fractures. Tilt vectors were initially symmetric about the borehole but radiated from a point that moved southwest with time. Upward displacement of as much as 2.5 cm covered a region 5m to 6m across. The maximum displacement was roughly at the center of the deformed region but was 2m southwest of the borehole, consistent with the tilt data. Excavation revealed an oblong, proppant-filled fracture over 4.2 m in length with a maximum thickness of 1 cm, so the proppant covers a region that is smaller than the uplifted area and the proppant thickness is roughly half of the uplift. The fracture was shaped like a shallow saucer with maximum dips of approximately 15o at the southwestern end. The pattern of tilt and uplift generally reflect the aperture of the underlying pressurized fracture, but the deformation extends beyond the extent of the sand proppant so a quantitative interpretation requires inversion. Inversion of the tilt data using a simple double dislocation model under-estimates the extent but correctly predicts the depth, orientation, and off-centered location. Inversion of uplift using a model that assumes the overburden deforms like a plate over-estimates the extent. Neither can characterize the curved shape. A forward model using FEM analysis capable of representing 3D shapes is capable of more accurate interpretations of fracture form and extent, but it comes at a cost of more parameters and a greater computational burden compared to the analytical forward models. The best approach is the combination of all three forward models to interpret the deformation data.

  12. Maximum nondiffracting propagation distance of aperture-truncated Airy beams

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chu, Xingchun; Zhao, Shanghong; Fang, Yingwu

    2018-05-01

    Airy beams have called attention of many researchers due to their non-diffracting, self-healing and transverse accelerating properties. A key issue in research of Airy beams and its applications is how to evaluate their nondiffracting propagation distance. In this paper, the critical transverse extent of physically realizable Airy beams is analyzed under the local spatial frequency methodology. The maximum nondiffracting propagation distance of aperture-truncated Airy beams is formulated and analyzed based on their local spatial frequency. The validity of the formula is verified by comparing the maximum nondiffracting propagation distance of an aperture-truncated ideal Airy beam, aperture-truncated exponentially decaying Airy beam and exponentially decaying Airy beam. Results show that the formula can be used to evaluate accurately the maximum nondiffracting propagation distance of an aperture-truncated ideal Airy beam. Therefore, it can guide us to select appropriate parameters to generate Airy beams with long nondiffracting propagation distance that have potential application in the fields of laser weapons or optical communications.

  13. To what extent do nurses use research in clinical practice? A systematic review.

    PubMed

    Squires, Janet E; Hutchinson, Alison M; Boström, Anne-Marie; O'Rourke, Hannah M; Cobban, Sandra J; Estabrooks, Carole A

    2011-03-17

    In the past forty years, many gains have been made in our understanding of the concept of research utilization. While numerous studies exist on professional nurses' use of research in practice, no attempt has been made to systematically evaluate and synthesize this body of literature with respect to the extent to which nurses use research in their clinical practice. The objective of this study was to systematically identify and analyze the available evidence related to the extent to which nurses use research findings in practice. This study was a systematic review of published and grey literature. The search strategy included 13 online bibliographic databases: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, HAPI, Web of Science, SCOPUS, OCLC Papers First, OCLC WorldCat, ABI Inform, Sociological Abstracts, and Dissertation Abstracts. The inclusion criteria consisted of primary research reports that assess professional nurses' use of research in practice, written in the English or Scandinavian languages. Extent of research use was determined by assigning research use scores reported in each article to one of four quartiles: low, moderate-low, moderate-high, or high. Following removal of duplicate citations, a total of 12,418 titles were identified through database searches, of which 133 articles were retrieved. Of the articles retrieved, 55 satisfied the inclusion criteria. The 55 final reports included cross-sectional/survey (n = 51) and quasi-experimental (n = 4) designs. A sensitivity analysis, comparing findings from all reports with those rated moderate (moderate-weak and moderate-strong) and strong quality, did not show significant differences. In a majority of the articles identified (n = 38, 69%), nurses reported moderate-high research use. According to this review, nurses' reported use of research is moderate-high and has remained relatively consistent over time until the early 2000's. This finding, however, may paint an overly optimistic picture of the extent to which nurses use research in their practice given the methodological problems inherent in the majority of studies. There is a clear need for the development of standard measures of research use and robust well-designed studies examining nurses' use of research and its impact on patient outcomes. The relatively unchanged self-reports of moderate-high research use by nurses is troubling given that over 40 years have elapsed since the first studies in this review were conducted and the increasing emphasis in the past 15 years on evidence-based practice. More troubling is the absence of studies in which attempts are made to assess the effects of varying levels of research use on patient outcomes.

  14. To what extent do nurses use research in clinical practice? A systematic review

    PubMed Central

    2011-01-01

    Background In the past forty years, many gains have been made in our understanding of the concept of research utilization. While numerous studies exist on professional nurses' use of research in practice, no attempt has been made to systematically evaluate and synthesize this body of literature with respect to the extent to which nurses use research in their clinical practice. The objective of this study was to systematically identify and analyze the available evidence related to the extent to which nurses use research findings in practice. Methods This study was a systematic review of published and grey literature. The search strategy included 13 online bibliographic databases: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, HAPI, Web of Science, SCOPUS, OCLC Papers First, OCLC WorldCat, ABI Inform, Sociological Abstracts, and Dissertation Abstracts. The inclusion criteria consisted of primary research reports that assess professional nurses' use of research in practice, written in the English or Scandinavian languages. Extent of research use was determined by assigning research use scores reported in each article to one of four quartiles: low, moderate-low, moderate-high, or high. Results Following removal of duplicate citations, a total of 12,418 titles were identified through database searches, of which 133 articles were retrieved. Of the articles retrieved, 55 satisfied the inclusion criteria. The 55 final reports included cross-sectional/survey (n = 51) and quasi-experimental (n = 4) designs. A sensitivity analysis, comparing findings from all reports with those rated moderate (moderate-weak and moderate-strong) and strong quality, did not show significant differences. In a majority of the articles identified (n = 38, 69%), nurses reported moderate-high research use. Conclusions According to this review, nurses' reported use of research is moderate-high and has remained relatively consistent over time until the early 2000's. This finding, however, may paint an overly optimistic picture of the extent to which nurses use research in their practice given the methodological problems inherent in the majority of studies. There is a clear need for the development of standard measures of research use and robust well-designed studies examining nurses' use of research and its impact on patient outcomes. The relatively unchanged self-reports of moderate-high research use by nurses is troubling given that over 40 years have elapsed since the first studies in this review were conducted and the increasing emphasis in the past 15 years on evidence-based practice. More troubling is the absence of studies in which attempts are made to assess the effects of varying levels of research use on patient outcomes. PMID:21414206

  15. 40 CFR 35.6555 - Competition.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... current and include enough qualified sources to ensure maximum open and free competition. Recipients must... transactions in a manner providing maximum full and open competition. (a) Restrictions on competition... bonding requirements; (3) Noncompetitive pricing practices between firms or between affiliated companies...

  16. Global Sea Ice Coverage from Satellite Data: Annual Cycle and 35-Year Trends

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Parkinson, Claire L.

    2014-01-01

    Well-established satellite-derived Arctic and Antarctic sea ice extents are combined to create the global picture of sea ice extents and their changes over the 35-yr period 1979-2013. Results yield a global annual sea ice cycle more in line with the high-amplitude Antarctic annual cycle than the lower-amplitude Arctic annual cycle but trends more in line with the high-magnitude negative Arctic trends than the lower-magnitude positive Antarctic trends. Globally, monthly sea ice extent reaches a minimum in February and a maximum generally in October or November. All 12 months show negative trends over the 35-yr period, with the largest magnitude monthly trend being the September trend, at -68,200 +/- 10,500 sq km/yr (-2.62% 6 +/- 0.40%/decade), and the yearly average trend being -35,000 +/- 5900 sq km/yr (-1.47% +/- 0.25%/decade).

  17. Global Sea Ice Coverage from Satellite Data: Annual Cycle and 35-Yr Trends

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Parkinson, Claire L.

    2014-01-01

    Well-established satellite-derived Arctic and Antarctic sea ice extents are combined to create the global picture of sea ice extents and their changes over the 35-yr period 1979-2013. Results yield a global annual sea ice cycle more in line with the high-amplitude Antarctic annual cycle than the lower-amplitude Arctic annual cycle but trends more in line with the high-magnitude negative Arctic trends than the lower-magnitude positive Antarctic trends. Globally, monthly sea ice extent reaches a minimum in February and a maximum generally in October or November. All 12 months show negative trends over the 35-yr period, with the largest magnitude monthly trend being the September trend, at -68200 +/- 10500 km sq yr(exp -1) (-2.62% +/- 0.40%decade(exp -1)), and the yearly average trend being -35000 +/-5900 km sq yr(exp -1) (-1.47% +/- 0.25%decade(exp -1)).

  18. Numerical Study of Mechanical Response of Pure Titanium during Shot Peening

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Y. M.; Cheng, J. P.; Yang, H. P.; Zhang, C. H.

    2018-05-01

    Mechanical response of pure titanium impacted by a steel ball was simulated using finite element method to investigate stress and strain evolution during shot peening. It is indicated that biaxial residual stress was obtained in the surface layer while in the interior triaxial residual stress existed because the S33 was comparable to S11 and S22. With decreasing the depth from the top surface, the stress was higher during impacting, but the stress relief extent became more significant when the ball rebounded. Therefore the maximum residual stress was formed in the subsurface layer with depth of 130 μm. As for the residual strain, it is shown that the maximum residual strain LE33 was obtained at the depth of 60 μm corresponding to the maximum shear stress during impacting.

  19. Examining the Extent to Which Select Teacher Preparation Experiences Inform Technology and Engineering Educators' Teaching of Science Content and Practices

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Love, Tyler S.

    2015-01-01

    With the recent release of the "Next Generation Science Standards" (NGSS) (NGSS Lead States, 2014b) science educators were expected to teach engineering content and practices within their curricula. However, technology and engineering (T&E) educators have been expected to teach content and practices from engineering and other…

  20. On the Educational Value of Philosophical Ethics for Teacher Education: The Practice of Ethical Inquiry as Liberal Education

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Martin, Christopher

    2013-01-01

    This article explores the extent to which and ways in which philosophical ethics can make an educational contribution to teachers' understanding of their practice as a distinct moral domain. Philosophical ethics is argued to facilitate two necessary features of teachers' moral understanding of their practice. First, it promotes awareness of the…

  1. Addressing Disproportionate Discipline Practices within a School-Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports Framework: A Practical Guide for Calculating and Using Disproportionality Rates

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Boneshefski, Michael J.; Runge, Timothy J.

    2014-01-01

    Culturally responsible implementation of School-Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (SWPBIS) requires that schools monitor indices of disciplinary practices among minority groups. School teams are encouraged to calculate risk indices and risk ratios to evaluate the extent to which students of all groups are removed from classrooms…

  2. APPLICATIONS OF RESEARCH TO THE PROBLEM OF INSTRUCTIONAL FLEXIBILITY.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    SARTAIN, HARRY W.

    SELECTED RESEARCH ON THE PROBLEM OF INSTRUCTIONAL FLEXIBILITY IS SURVEYED AND DISCUSSED. BROAD TOPICS OF DISCUSSION ARE DEPARTMENTALIZATION, HOMOGENEOUS SECTIONING, INTERCLASS ABILITY SECTIONING, THE EXTENT OF VARIABILITY IN READING DEVELOPMENT, AND PRACTICES THAT MAY INCREASE FLEXIBILITY. AMONG THOSE PRACTICES TO INCREASE FLEXIBILITY ARE TEAM…

  3. Information Practice and Malpractice. . .Do We Need Malpractice Insurance?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mintz, Anne P.

    1984-01-01

    Relates interview responses of seven information brokers on proper practice of information and extent of malpractice (e.g., industrial espionage, breaches of client or source confidentiality). Types of protection against malpractice--contracts, good educational background for entry-level positions, continuing education, personal values,…

  4. 29 CFR 1691.12 - Interagency consultation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION PROCEDURES FOR COMPLAINTS OF... the EEOC and the Assistant Attorney General to assure that duplication of effort will be minimized. (b... unlawful employment practices, the Department of Justice and/or EEOC shall, to the extent practical, notify...

  5. 29 CFR 1691.12 - Interagency consultation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION PROCEDURES FOR COMPLAINTS OF... the EEOC and the Assistant Attorney General to assure that duplication of effort will be minimized. (b... unlawful employment practices, the Department of Justice and/or EEOC shall, to the extent practical, notify...

  6. 29 CFR 1691.12 - Interagency consultation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION PROCEDURES FOR COMPLAINTS OF... the EEOC and the Assistant Attorney General to assure that duplication of effort will be minimized. (b... unlawful employment practices, the Department of Justice and/or EEOC shall, to the extent practical, notify...

  7. 29 CFR 1691.12 - Interagency consultation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION PROCEDURES FOR COMPLAINTS OF... the EEOC and the Assistant Attorney General to assure that duplication of effort will be minimized. (b... unlawful employment practices, the Department of Justice and/or EEOC shall, to the extent practical, notify...

  8. 29 CFR 1691.12 - Interagency consultation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION PROCEDURES FOR COMPLAINTS OF... the EEOC and the Assistant Attorney General to assure that duplication of effort will be minimized. (b... unlawful employment practices, the Department of Justice and/or EEOC shall, to the extent practical, notify...

  9. How Should We Respond to Non-Dominant Healing Practices, the Example of Homeopathy.

    PubMed

    Gray, Ben

    2017-03-01

    The debate around the ethics of homeopathy in recent issues of the journal has been approached as a binary question; is homeopathy ethical or not? This paper suggests that this is an unhelpful question and instead discusses a framework to establish the extent to which the dominant (medical) culture should tolerate non-dominant health practices such as homeopathy. This requires a sophisticated understanding of the placebo effect, a critical evaluation of what evidence is available, a consideration of the harm that the non-dominant practice might cause, and a consideration of how this might be affected by the culture of the patient. This is presented as a matter of cultural competence. At a clinical level clinicians need to respect the values and beliefs of their patients and communicate with all the practitioners involved in a patient's care. At a societal level there are a number of factors to be considered when a community decides which practices to tolerate and to what extent.

  10. A Business Case Analysis (BCA) of the One Box - One Wire (OB1) Joint Combined Technology Demonstration (JCTD)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-03-01

    Framework ( IATF ) as their guidance for information assurance. The IATF defines what high 5 OB1 is compatible with and intends to use legacy...standardized levels of security. The OB1 team using the IATF as guidance defines high robustness as proving to the maximum extent possible, that

  11. Bringing ABA into Early Childhood Routines to Meet the Needs of Young Children with ASD

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Leach, Debra

    2014-01-01

    It is well documented that applied behavior analysis (ABA) approaches to intervention for young children with ASD have a strong evidence-base. Although federal special education law mandates that early intervention services and supports be implemented within the natural environment to the maximum extent appropriate, many young children with ASD…

  12. Soil ecological interactions: comparisons between tropical and subalpine forests

    Treesearch

    Grizelle Gonzalez; Ruth E. Ley; Steven K. Schmidt; Xiaoming Zou; Timothy R. Seastedt

    2001-01-01

    Soil fauna can influence soil processes through interactions with the microbial community. Due to the complexity of the functional roles of fauna and their effects on microbes, little consensus has been reached on the extent to which soil fauna can regulate microbial activities. We quantified soil microbial biomass and maximum growth rates in control and fauna-excluded...

  13. 75 FR 21662 - Access to Employee Exposure and Medical Records; Extension of the Office of Management and Budget...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-26

    ...] Access to Employee Exposure and Medical Records; Extension of the Office of Management and Budget's (OMB... Regulation on Access to Employee Exposure and Medical Records (29 CFR 1910.1020). DATES: Comments must be... operating small businesses, and to reduce to the maximum extent feasible unnecessary duplication of efforts...

  14. 28 CFR 35.151 - New construction and alterations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... contains a primary function shall be made so as to ensure that, to the maximum extent feasible, the path of... alteration. (i) Primary function. A “primary function” is a major activity for which the facility is intended. Areas that contain a primary function include, but are not limited to, the dining area of a cafeteria...

  15. 28 CFR 35.151 - New construction and alterations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... contains a primary function shall be made so as to ensure that, to the maximum extent feasible, the path of... alteration. (i) Primary function. A “primary function” is a major activity for which the facility is intended. Areas that contain a primary function include, but are not limited to, the dining area of a cafeteria...

  16. 28 CFR 35.151 - New construction and alterations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... contains a primary function shall be made so as to ensure that, to the maximum extent feasible, the path of... alteration. (i) Primary function. A “primary function” is a major activity for which the facility is intended. Areas that contain a primary function include, but are not limited to, the dining area of a cafeteria...

  17. Applications Development for a Parallel COTS Spaceborne Computer

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Katz, Daniel S.; Springer, Paul L.; Granat, Robert; Turmon, Michael

    2000-01-01

    This presentation reviews the Remote Exploration and Experimentation Project (REE) program for utilization of scalable supercomputing technology in space. The implementation of REE will be the use of COTS hardware and software to the maximum extent possible, keeping overhead low. Since COTS systems will be used, with little or no special modification, there will be significant cost reduction.

  18. 48 CFR 2937.103-70 - Department of Labor checklist to aid analysis and review of requirements for service contracts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... and open competition)? (4) Is the statement of work performance-based to the maximum extent possible... significantly influence agency policy development or decision-making? (2) Does the quality assurance plan... access to source selection or proprietary information not available to other offerors competing for the...

  19. A maximum likelihood map of chromosome 1.

    PubMed Central

    Rao, D C; Keats, B J; Lalouel, J M; Morton, N E; Yee, S

    1979-01-01

    Thirteen loci are mapped on chromosome 1 from genetic evidence. The maximum likelihood map presented permits confirmation that Scianna (SC) and a fourteenth locus, phenylketonuria (PKU), are on chromosome 1, although the location of the latter on the PGM1-AMY segment is uncertain. Eight other controversial genetic assignments are rejected, providing a practical demonstration of the resolution which maximum likelihood theory brings to mapping. PMID:293128

  20. 40 CFR 432.12 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... units (CFU) per 100 mL at any time. 3 No maximum monthly average limitation. 4 May be measured as hexane... following effluent limitation for ammonia (as N): Effluent Limitations [BPT] Regulatedparameter Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 Ammonia (as N) 8.0 4.0 1 mg/L (ppm). (2) In the case of process...

  1. 40 CFR 432.12 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... units (CFU) per 100 mL at any time. 3 No maximum monthly average limitation. 4 May be measured as hexane... following effluent limitation for ammonia (as N): Effluent Limitations [BPT] Regulatedparameter Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 Ammonia (as N) 8.0 4.0 1 mg/L (ppm). (2) In the case of process...

  2. 40 CFR 432.12 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... units (CFU) per 100 mL at any time. 3 No maximum monthly average limitation. 4 May be measured as hexane... following effluent limitation for ammonia (as N): Effluent Limitations [BPT] Regulatedparameter Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 Ammonia (as N) 8.0 4.0 1 mg/L (ppm). (2) In the case of process...

  3. 40 CFR 432.12 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... units (CFU) per 100 mL at any time. 3 No maximum monthly average limitation. 4 May be measured as hexane... following effluent limitation for ammonia (as N): Effluent Limitations [BPT] Regulatedparameter Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 Ammonia (as N) 8.0 4.0 1 mg/L (ppm). (2) In the case of process...

  4. 40 CFR 432.12 - Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... units (CFU) per 100 mL at any time. 3 No maximum monthly average limitation. 4 May be measured as hexane... following effluent limitation for ammonia (as N): Effluent Limitations [BPT] Regulatedparameter Maximum daily 1 Maximum monthly avg. 1 Ammonia (as N) 8.0 4.0 1 mg/L (ppm). (2) In the case of process...

  5. Monitoring and Evaluation of Substance Abuse Services in South Africa: Implications for Policy and Practice

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Myers, Bronwyn; Burnhams, Nadine Harker; Fakier, Nuraan

    2010-01-01

    Although outcomes monitoring and the collection of other performance data holds benefits for service managers and policy makers, the extent to which these data are collected by South African substance abuse service providers is unknown. To describe (i) the extent to which substance abuse service providers in South Africa monitor and evaluate their…

  6. An Empirical Study: To What Extent and in What Ways Does Social Foundations of Education Inform Four Teachers' Educational Beliefs and Classroom Practices?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Benchik-Osborne, Jacquelyn R.

    2013-01-01

    Within the state selected for this study, teacher preparation programs and state certification criterion require that educators examine the relationship between school and society within social foundations of education (SFE) coursework. Using observations and interviews, this study examines to what extent four experienced, urban classroom teachers…

  7. Simulated impact damage in a thick graphite/epoxy laminate using spherical indenters

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Poe, C. C., Jr.

    1988-01-01

    A study was made to determine the extent of fiber damage caused by low-velocity impact of spherical impactors to a very thick graphite/epoxy laminate. The laminate was cut from a filament wound case being developed for the Space Shuttle solid rocket motors. The case was wound using a wet process with AS4W graphite fiber and HBRF-55A epoxy. Impacts were simulated under quasi-static conditions by pressing hemispherically shaped indenters against the laminate at different locations. The contact force and indenter diameter were varied from location to location. The forces were chosen for each indenter diameter to produce contact pressures below and above that required to initiate damage. After the forces were applied, the laminate was cut into smaller pieces so that each piece contained a test site. The pieces were then deplied and the individual plies examined to determine the extent of fiber damage. Broken fibers were found in the outer layers directly beneath the contact site. The locus of broken fibers in each layer resembled a crack normal to the direction of the fibers. The maximum length and depth of the cracks increased with increasing contact pressure and indenter diameter. The internal stresses in the laminate were calculated using Hertz's law and Love's solution for pressure applied on part of the boundary of a semi-infinite body. The maximum length and depth of the cracks were predicted using a maximum shear stress criterion. Predictions and measurements were in good agreement.

  8. A model study of the response of hypoxia to upwelling-favorable wind on the northern Gulf of Mexico shelf

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Feng, Yang; Fennel, Katja; Jackson, George A.; DiMarco, Steven F.; Hetland, Robert D.

    2014-03-01

    The hypoxic region in the northern Gulf of Mexico, one of the largest man-made hypoxic zones in the world, has received extensive scientific study and management interest. A previous statistical study has concluded that in addition to anthropogenic nitrogen loading, the observed hypoxic extent is correlated to the duration of upwelling favorable (westerly) wind without elucidating the underlying mechanism. In this study, we use a three-dimensional, coupled hydrological-biogeochemical model to mechanistically examine how variations of the hypoxic area are related to the duration of upwelling-favorable wind. We performed scenario experiments with different durations of upwelling-favorable wind using realistic winds from summer 2002 (when upwelling-favorable winds were present only for about 1 month) and summer 2009 (when upwelling-favorable conditions started early and persisted for about 2 months). While the maximum simulated hypoxic area is approximately 15,000 km2 in both cases, the evolutions of the hypoxic area and the dates when its maximum extent are reached are different. With an early start of persistently upwelling-favorable wind in 2009, the hypoxic area reached its maximum in early summer and decreased afterwards. By contrast, the hypoxic area was small in early summer of 2002 and peaked during the short period of upwelling-favorable wind in late summer. The model revealed that the wind influences the evolution of the hypoxic area by changing the vertical and horizontal distributions of the low salinity, high chlorophyll water on the shelf.

  9. Effects of long-term fluid injection on induced seismicity parameters and maximum magnitude in northwestern part of The Geysers geothermal field

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kwiatek, Grzegorz; Martínez-Garzón, Patricia; Dresen, Georg; Bohnhoff, Marco; Sone, Hiroki; Hartline, Craig

    2015-10-01

    The long-term temporal and spatial changes in statistical, source, and stress characteristics of one cluster of induced seismicity recorded at The Geysers geothermal field (U.S.) are analyzed in relation to the field operations, fluid migration, and constraints on the maximum likely magnitude. Two injection wells, Prati-9 and Prati-29, located in the northwestern part of the field and their associated seismicity composed of 1776 events recorded throughout a 7 year period were analyzed. The seismicity catalog was relocated, and the source characteristics including focal mechanisms and static source parameters were refined using first-motion polarity, spectral fitting, and mesh spectral ratio analysis techniques. The source characteristics together with statistical parameters (b value) and cluster dynamics were used to investigate and understand the details of fluid migration scheme in the vicinity of injection wells. The observed temporal, spatial, and source characteristics were clearly attributed to fluid injection and fluid migration toward greater depths, involving increasing pore pressure in the reservoir. The seasonal changes of injection rates were found to directly impact the shape and spatial extent of the seismic cloud. A tendency of larger seismic events to occur closer to injection wells and a correlation between the spatial extent of the seismic cloud and source sizes of the largest events was observed suggesting geometrical constraints on the maximum likely magnitude and its correlation to the average injection rate and volume of fluids present in the reservoir.

  10. Palliative care and other physicians' knowledge, attitudes and practice relating to the law on withholding/withdrawing life-sustaining treatment: Survey results.

    PubMed

    Cartwright, Colleen Maria; White, Ben P; Willmott, Lindy; Williams, Gail; Parker, Malcolm Holbrook

    2016-02-01

    To effectively care for people who are terminally ill, including those without decision-making capacity, palliative care physicians must know and understand the legal standing of Advance Care Planning in their jurisdiction of practice. This includes the use of advance directives/living wills and substitute decision-makers who can legally consent to or refuse treatment if there is no valid advance directive. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of medical specialists most often involved in end-of-life care in relation to the law on withholding/withdrawing life-sustaining treatment from adults without decision-making capacity. A pre-piloted survey was posted to specialists in palliative, emergency, geriatric, renal and respiratory medicine; intensive care; and medical oncology in three Australian States. Surveys were analysed using SPSS 20 and SAS 9.3. The overall response rate was 32% (867/2702) - 52% from palliative care specialists. Palliative care specialists and geriatricians had significantly more positive attitudes towards the law (χ42(2) = 94.352; p < 0.001) and higher levels of knowledge about the withholding/withdrawing life-sustaining treatment law (χ7(2) = 30.033; p < 0.001) than did the other specialists, while still having critical gaps in their knowledge. A high level of knowledge of the law is essential to ensure that patients' wishes and decisions, expressed through Advance Care Planning, are respected to the maximum extent possible within the law, thereby according with the principles and philosophy of palliative care. It is also essential to protect health professionals from legal action resulting from unauthorised provision or cessation of treatment. © The Author(s) 2015.

  11. Prevailing practices in the use of antibiotics by dairy farmers in Eastern Haryana region of India

    PubMed Central

    Kumar, Vikash; Gupta, Jancy

    2018-01-01

    Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the antibiotic use in dairy animals and to trace its usage pattern among the small, medium, and large dairy farmers in Eastern Haryana region of India. Materials and Methods: Karnal and Kurukshetra districts from Eastern region of Haryana state were purposively selected, and four villages from each district were selected randomly. From each village, 21 farmers were selected using stratified random sampling by categorizing into small, medium, and large farmers constituting a total of 168 farmers as respondents. An antibiotic usage index (AUI) was developed to assess usage of antibiotics by dairy farmers. Results: Frequency of veterinary consultancy was high among large dairy farmers, and they mostly preferred veterinarians over para-veterinarians for treatment of dairy animals. Small farmers demanded low-cost antibiotics from veterinarians whereas large farmers rarely went for it. Antibiotics were used maximum for therapeutic purposes by all categories of farmers. Completion of treatment schedules and follow-up were strictly practiced by the majority of large farmers. AUI revealed that large farmers were more consistent on decision-making about prudent use of antibiotics. Routine use of antibiotics after parturition to prevent disease and sale of milk without adhering to withdrawal period was responsible for aggravating the antibiotic resistance. The extent of antibiotic use by small farmers depended on the severity of disease. The large farmers opted for the prophylactic use of antibiotics at the herd level. Conclusion: Antibiotic usage practices were judicious among large dairy farmers, moderately prudent by medium dairy farmers and faulty by small farmers. The frequency of veterinary consultancy promoted better veterinary-client relationship among large farmers. PMID:29657416

  12. 16 CFR 680.2 - Examples.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Examples. 680.2 Section 680.2 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION THE FAIR CREDIT REPORTING ACT AFFILIATE MARKETING § 680.2 Examples. The examples in this part are not exclusive. Compliance with an example, to the extent applicable, constitutes...

  13. Parental Involvement in Children's Independent Music Lessons

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Upitis, Rena; Abrami, Philip C.; Brook, Julia; King, Matthew

    2017-01-01

    The purpose of the study was to examine types of parental involvement associated with independent music lessons. A self-report survey was designed to explore parent characteristics, parental goals, students' musical progress, the teacher-student relationship, the practice environment, and parent behaviours during practice sessions. The extent to…

  14. Higher Education--The Flexible Employment Sector?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Scott, Jill; Ridgley, Clare; Spurgeon, Peter

    2003-01-01

    Explored the extent to which policies and practices promoting work-life balance (family friendly policies) have been taken up within the English higher education sector. Responses from 50 higher education institutions show that flexible working practices are more widespread than the formal policies of institutions would suggest. (SLD)

  15. 16 CFR 680.2 - Examples.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Examples. 680.2 Section 680.2 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION THE FAIR CREDIT REPORTING ACT AFFILIATE MARKETING § 680.2 Examples. The examples in this part are not exclusive. Compliance with an example, to the extent applicable, constitutes...

  16. 16 CFR 680.2 - Examples.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Examples. 680.2 Section 680.2 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION THE FAIR CREDIT REPORTING ACT AFFILIATE MARKETING § 680.2 Examples. The examples in this part are not exclusive. Compliance with an example, to the extent applicable, constitutes...

  17. 16 CFR 680.2 - Examples.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Examples. 680.2 Section 680.2 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION THE FAIR CREDIT REPORTING ACT AFFILIATE MARKETING § 680.2 Examples. The examples in this part are not exclusive. Compliance with an example, to the extent applicable, constitutes...

  18. 16 CFR 680.2 - Examples.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Examples. 680.2 Section 680.2 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION THE FAIR CREDIT REPORTING ACT AFFILIATE MARKETING § 680.2 Examples. The examples in this part are not exclusive. Compliance with an example, to the extent applicable, constitutes...

  19. Examining Practical Relevance of the Coursework of Doctoral Leadership Programs

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Li, Jinyi; Friedel, Janice; Rusche, Philip

    2011-01-01

    This quantitative study investigated the extent to which doctoral leadership programs are practically relevant. Results revealed that community college leaders and leadership program faculty did not differ significantly on the importance ratings on the American Association of Community Colleges (AACC) competencies. The subsequent analysis,…

  20. 'Your experiences were your tools'. How personal experience of mental health problems informs mental health nursing practice.

    PubMed

    Oates, J; Drey, N; Jones, J

    2017-09-01

    WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: 'Expertise by experience' has become an increasingly valued element of service design and delivery by mental health service providers. The extent and influence of mental health professionals' personal experience of mental ill health on clinical practice has seldom been interrogated in depth. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: We investigate how mental health nurses' own personal experience of mental ill health informs their mental health nursing practice with particular reference to direct work with service users. Participants said that personal experience could impact on work in three positive ways: to develop their relationship with service users, to enhance their understanding of service users and as a motivation for potential mental health nurses to join the profession. This study moves the discussion of the state of mental health nurses' mental health further towards the recovery and well-being focus of contemporary mental health care, where 'expertise by experience' is highly valued. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: We must address the taboo of disclosure within clinical nursing practice and debate the extent to which personal and professional boundaries are negotiated during clinical encounters. Introduction 'Expertise by experience' is a highly valued element of service delivery in recovery-oriented mental health care, but is unacknowledged within the mental health nursing literature. Aim To explore the extent and influence of mental health professionals' personal experience of mental ill health on clinical practice. Method Twenty-seven mental health nurses with their own personal experience of mental ill health were interviewed about how their personal experience informed their mental health nursing practice, as part of a sequential mixed methods study. Results The influence of personal experience in nursing work was threefold: first, through overt disclosure; second, through the 'use of the self as a tool'; and third, through the formation of professional nursing identity. Discussion Mental health nurses' experience of mental illness was contextualized by other life experiences and by particular therapeutic relationships and clinical settings. In previous empirical studies, nurses have cited personal experience of mental illness as a motivator and an aspect of their identity. In this study, there was also an association between personal experience and enhanced nursing expertise. Implications for practice If drawing on personal experience is commonplace, then we must address the taboo of disclosure and debate the extent to which personal and professional boundaries are negotiated during clinical encounters. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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