34 CFR 668.26 - End of an institution's participation in the Title IV, HEA programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... institution may use funds that it has received under the Federal Pell Grant, ACG, National SMART Grant, or... section— (1) A commitment under the Federal Pell Grant, ACG, National SMART Grant, and TEACH Grant...

Saving Pell Grants in an Era of Cost-Cutting

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gross, Karen

2011-01-01

In the context of the recent efforts to arrive at a federal budget, articles abound in the popular media and trade publications debating both the value of Pell Grants and their rising cost to the U.S. government. Both pros and cons of the debate hold value. Pell Grants are what enable many low-income families to send their children to college and,…

Pell Grants as Performance-Based Scholarships? An Examination of Satisfactory Academic Progress Requirements in the Nation's Largest Need-Based Aid Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schudde, Lauren; Scott-Clayton, Judith

2016-01-01

The Federal Pell Grant Program is the nation's largest need-based grant program. While students' initial eligibility for the Pell is based on financial need, renewal is contingent on meeting minimum academic standards similar to those in models of performance-based scholarships, including a grade point average (GPA) requirement and ratio of…

34 CFR 668.163 - Maintaining and accounting for funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., ACG, National SMART Grant, TEACH Grant, FSEOG, and FWS program funds in an interest-bearing bank... not have to maintain Direct Loan, Federal Pell Grant, ACG, National SMART Grant, TEACH Grant, FSEOG... just-in-time payment method. (4) If an institution maintains Direct Loan, Federal Pell Grant, ACG...

34 CFR 668.163 - Maintaining and accounting for funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., ACG, National SMART Grant, TEACH Grant, FSEOG, and FWS program funds in an interest-bearing bank... not have to maintain Direct Loan, Federal Pell Grant, ACG, National SMART Grant, TEACH Grant, FSEOG... just-in-time payment method. (4) If an institution maintains Direct Loan, Federal Pell Grant, ACG...

34 CFR 668.163 - Maintaining and accounting for funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., ACG, National SMART Grant, TEACH Grant, FSEOG, and FWS program funds in an interest-bearing bank... not have to maintain Direct Loan, Federal Pell Grant, ACG, National SMART Grant, TEACH Grant, FSEOG... just-in-time payment method. (4) If an institution maintains Direct Loan, Federal Pell Grant, ACG...

34 CFR 668.163 - Maintaining and accounting for funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., ACG, National SMART Grant, TEACH Grant, FSEOG, and FWS program funds in an interest-bearing bank... not have to maintain Direct Loan, Federal Pell Grant, ACG, National SMART Grant, TEACH Grant, FSEOG... just-in-time payment method. (4) If an institution maintains Direct Loan, Federal Pell Grant, ACG...

34 CFR 668.163 - Maintaining and accounting for funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., ACG, National SMART Grant, TEACH Grant, FSEOG, and FWS program funds in an interest-bearing bank... not have to maintain Direct Loan, Federal Pell Grant, ACG, National SMART Grant, TEACH Grant, FSEOG... just-in-time payment method. (4) If an institution maintains Direct Loan, Federal Pell Grant, ACG...

Pell Power

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baime, David; Mullin, Christopher

2010-01-01

For community college students, the federal Pell Grant remains by far the most important student aid program. The U.S. Department of education now projects that 8.74 million students will receive Pell Grants in the 2011-12 award year, with approximately one-third of them attending community colleges--nearly 3 million students. As such, the Pell…

Pell Grants as Performance-Based Aid? An Examination of Satisfactory Academic Progress Requirements in the Nation's Largest Need-Based Aid Program. A CAPSEE Working Paper

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schudde, Lauren; Scott-Clayton, Judith

2014-01-01

The Federal Pell Grant Program is the nation's largest need-based grant program. While students' initial eligibility for the Pell is based on financial need, renewal of the award is contingent on their making satisfactory academic progress (SAP)--meeting minimum academic standards similar to those proposed in models of performance-based…

Pell Grants Are a Waste of Taxpayer Money: A Study of the Effects of Pell Grants on Persistence in For-Profit Four-Year Colleges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Filerino, William J.

2013-01-01

This ex post facto study examined the relationship between Pell Grant aid and persistence of for-profit four-year college students enrolled during 2003-04 through the next six years in the United States and Puerto Rico. This study examined the demographic dissimilarities in students based on age, gender, financial aid status and ethnicity of those…

77 FR 40590 - Notice of Submission for OMB Review; Institute of Education Sciences; Pell Grant Experiments Study

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-10

...) a treatment group, which will have expanded access to Pell grants; or (2) a control group, which will not have access. Within both experiments, the treatment group will be very similar to the control... employment and earnings outcomes between treatment and control group members can then be attributed to Pell...

The Federal Pell Grant Program: Recent Growth and Policy Options

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congressional Budget Office, 2013

2013-01-01

The Federal Pell Grant Program was created to improve the access of low-income students to postsecondary education. Grant recipients enroll at a variety of educational institutions, including four-year colleges and universities, for-profit schools, two-year community colleges, and institutions that specialize in occupational training. Grants are…

Many Proprietary Schools Do Not Comply with Department of Education's Pell Grant Program Requirements.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Comptroller General of the U.S., Washington, DC.

The administration of the Pell Grant program by proprietary schools was assessed with a randomly selected sample of 35 schools from a universe of 1,165 schools. In addition to evaluating records of 761 students, officials who administered the program were interviewed. The following practices by schools did not comply with the Pell program…

34 CFR 668.61 - Recovery of funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... in which the institution disbursed Federal Pell Grant, ACG, National SMART Grant, Federal Perkins...-Study (FWS), Federal Perkins Loan, and Direct Subsidized Loan programs. Unsubsidized student financial...), the institution may not— (i) Disburse any Federal Pell Grant, FSEOG, or Federal Perkins Loan Program...

77 FR 40805 - Federal Pell Grant Program; Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-11

... Date with the following two paragraphs: The Administrative Procedure Act (APA) generally requires that... reduced amounts of Pell Grant funds, there is good cause to waive the delayed effective dates in the APA...

Ambitious Goal

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hartle, Terry W.

2009-01-01

In its first hundred days, the Obama administration demonstrated a strong commitment to expanding access to higher education. The economic stimulus package, known as the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), increased funding for the Pell Grant program and over the next two years, the maximum award will grow to $5,550 in 2010-2011--the…

78 FR 39613 - Federal Pell Grant Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-02

... Subjects in 34 CFR Part 690 Colleges and universities, Elementary and secondary education, Grant programs... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 34 CFR Part 690 [Docket ID ED-2012-OPE-0006] RIN 1840-AD11 Federal Pell Grant Program AGENCY: Office of Postsecondary Education, Department of Education. ACTION: Final rule...

Pell Grants: Where Does All the Money Go

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robinson, Jenna Ashley; Cheston, Duke

2012-01-01

The Federal Pell Grant Program, which provides need-based grants to millions of college students, is the federal government's largest education expenditure. It consumes over half the Department of Education's annual budget and in 2010-2011 cost taxpayers about $36 billion per year. Although the program started out as a way to provide college…

77 FR 75192 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request; Pell Grants...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-19

... for OMB Review; Comment Request; Pell Grants and the Payment of Unemployment Benefits to Individuals... Grants and the Payment of Unemployment Benefits to Individuals in Approved Training,'' to the Office of... while receiving unemployment benefits so they can develop their skills while the economy recovers, the...

Student Assistance General Provisions; Federal Pell Grant Program; Academic Competitiveness Grant Program; and National Science and Mathematics Access to Retain Talent Grant Program. Final Rule. Federal Register, Part IV, Department of Education, 34 CFR Parts 668, 690, and 691

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Archives and Records Administration, 2006

2006-01-01

The Secretary is adopting as final, with changes, interim final regulations in: 34 CFR part 691 for the Academic Competitiveness Grant (ACG) and National Science and Mathematics Access to Retain Talent Grant (National SMART Grant) programs; 34 CFR part 668 (Student Assistance General Provisions); and 34 CFR part 690 (Federal Pell Grant Program).…

Changes in Pell Grant Participation and Median Income of Recipients. Data Point. NCES 2016-407

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ifill, Nicole; Velez, Erin Dunlop

2016-01-01

This report is based on data from four iterations of the National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS), a large, nationally representative sample survey of students that focuses on how they finance their education. NPSAS includes data on federal Pell Grant awards, which are need-based grants awarded to low-income students, primarily…

77 FR 24690 - Notice of Proposed Information Collection Requests; Federal Student Aid; Pell Grant, ACG, and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-25

... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Notice of Proposed Information Collection Requests; Federal Student Aid...) System SUMMARY: The Federal Pell Grant, ACG, and National SMART Programs are student financial assistance... assistance to an eligible student attending an institution of higher education. The institution determines...

Assessing the Progress of Reauthorization: An Examination of Direct Lending.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators, Washington, DC.

This paper offers information and analysis of the direct lending portion of the reauthorization of the Higher Education Act of 1965. The direct lending proposal is described in an opening letter to the reader as a provision that would make the Pell Grant Program an entitlement and raise the maximum award to $4,500 with provisions that would…

78 FR 1206 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records-Evaluation of the Pell Grant Experiments Under the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-08

... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records--Evaluation of the Pell Grant Experiments Under the Experimental Sites Initiative--2012 AGENCY: Institute of Education Sciences, Department of Education. ACTION: Notice of a new system of records. SUMMARY: In accordance with the Privacy Act...

Financially Eligible Pell Grant Community College Students' Perceptions of Institutional Integration

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ocean, Mia

2017-01-01

There is a wealth of literature on the integration of university students increasing retention and ultimate completion, yet much less is known about the connections or disconnections that exist for community college students. Therefore, I interviewed financially eligible Pell Grant community college students (n = 62) about their connections to…

75 FR 29744 - Federal Pell Grant, Federal Perkins Loan, Federal Work-Study, Federal Supplemental Educational...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-27

... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Federal Pell Grant, Federal Perkins Loan, Federal Work-Study, Federal... Analysis Methodology for the 2011-2012 award year. SUMMARY: The Secretary announces the annual updates to the tables that will be used in the statutory ``Federal Need Analysis Methodology'' to determine a...

78 FR 29353 - Federal Need Analysis Methodology for the 2014-15 Award Year-Federal Pell Grant, Federal Perkins...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-20

... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Federal Need Analysis Methodology for the 2014-15 Award Year-- Federal Pell Grant, Federal Perkins Loan, Federal Work-Study, Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity... announces the annual updates to the tables used in the statutory Federal Need Analysis Methodology that...

A Self-Instructional Course in Student Financial Aid Administration. Module 10: The Pell Grant Program. Second Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Washington Consulting Group, Inc., Washington, DC.

Module 10 of a 17-module self-instructional course in student financial aid administration (for novice student financial aid officers and other institutional personnel) examines the Pell Grant program's eligibility requirements and award calculation procedures. It is part of a complete system teaching management of federal financial aid programs…

Preliminary Quality Control System Design for the Pell Grant Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Advanced Technology, Inc., Reston, VA.

A preliminary design for a quality control (QC) system for the Pell Grant Program is proposed, based on the needs of the Office of Student Financial Assistance (OSFA). The applicability of the general design for other student aid programs administered by OSFA is also considered. The following steps included in a strategic approach to QC system…

Federal Pell Grant Eligibility and Receipt: Explaining Nonreceipt and Changes to EFC Using National and Institutional Data

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Evans, Brent J.; Nguyen, Tuan D.; Tener, Brent B.; Thomas, Chanell L.

2017-01-01

In examining national data on Federal Pell Grant eligibility in the National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS), we were puzzled to discover that many students who appear to have eligible Expected Family Contributions (EFCs) do not receive the award. We use institutional data from a large public university to understand and enumerate changes…

Student Financial Aid Programs: Pell Grant Program Abuse. Testimony before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, Committee on Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stiener, Richard C.

This report presents information on an ongoing investigation into Pell Grant Program abuses among parochial yeshiva-operated institutions in the New York City area. The investigation examined 23 yeshivas (Orthodox Jewish schools of higher instruction in Jewish learning) or yeshiva-operated institutions for fraudulent or abusive conditions and…

The Impact of Pell Grant Eligibility on Community College Students' Financial Aid Packages, Labor Supply, and Academic Outcomes. A CAPSEE Working Paper

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Park, Rina Seung Eun; Scott-Clayton, Judith

2017-01-01

In this paper, we examine the effects of receiving a modest Pell Grant on financial aid packages, labor supply while in school, and academic outcomes for community college students. Using administrative data from one state, we compare community college students just above and below the expected family contribution (EFC) cutoff for receiving a Pell…

Promoting Educational Opportunity: The Pell Grant Program at Community Colleges. AACC Policy Brief 2011-03PBL

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baime, David S.; Mullin, Christopher M.

2011-01-01

The Federal Pell Grant Program serves as the foundation of the Federal Student Aid system, with more than 9.5 million students relying on the program to provide access to higher education in 2010-2011. It is one of the rare large federal domestic programs that has almost entirely avoided suggestions that it is ineffective or that it plays a role…

Pell Grant Validation Imposes Some Costs and Does Not Greatly Reduce Award Errors: New Strategies Are Needed. Report to the Honorable Paul Simon, United States Senate.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Comptroller General of the U.S., Washington, DC.

Efforts of the U.S. Department of Education to verify data submitted by applicants to the Pell Grant program were analyzed by the General Accounting Office. The effects of carrying out the Department's policy or methodology, called "validation," on financial aid applicants and colleges were assessed. Costs of 1982-1983 validation on…

Moving on up: How Tuition Tax Breaks Increasingly Favor the Upper-Middle Class. Charts You Can Trust

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burd, Stephen

2012-01-01

The last several years has seen significant cuts to federal student aid funding to shore up the budget of the Pell Grant program, the primary source of government aid to low-income students. But in this paper, the author argues that there's a better way to keep the Pell Grant program viable: elimination of the American Opportunity Tax Credit and…

The Impact of Pell Grant Eligibility on Community College Students' Financial Aid Packages, Labor Supply, and Academic Outcomes. Appendices A, B, C, D, E, and F. A CAPSEE Working Paper

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Park, Rina Seung Eun; Scott-Clayton, Judith

2017-01-01

This document was designed as a companion to the full report entitled "The Impact of Pell Grant Eligibility on Community College Students' Financial Aid Packages, Labor Supply, and Academic Outcomes." Provided here are the appendices to the full report as follows: (1) Methods for Choosing Optimal Bandwidths; (2) Gerard, Rokkanen, and…

Is School out for the Summer? The Impact of Year-Round Pell Grants on Academic and Employment Outcomes of Community College Students. CCRC Working Paper No. 95

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liu, Vivian Yuen Ting

2017-01-01

Does extra financial aid for the summer lead to gains in completion and earnings? Despite being the largest source of financial aid to low-income college students, the traditional Pell Grant has had one major limitation: if students enroll in two semesters full-time, they will not have any tuition support for the summer term of the same academic…

EDExpress Pell Training, 2000-2001.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Department of Education, Washington, DC. Student Financial Assistance.

This training manual is intended for higher education institutions that process Federal Pell Grants under a new system called the recipient financial management system (RFMS). The RFMS system is part of the electronic data exchange process which allows schools to send and receive Title IV student financial aid application data to and from the…

Forecasting Pell Program Applications Using Structural Aggregate Models.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cavin, Edward S.

1995-01-01

Demand for Pell Grant financial aid has become difficult to predict when using the current microsimulation model. This paper proposes an alternative model that uses aggregate data (based on individuals' microlevel decisions and macrodata on family incomes, college costs, and opportunity wages) and avoids some limitations of simple linear models.…

34 CFR 691.7 - Institutional participation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION ACADEMIC COMPETITIVENESS GRANT (ACG) AND NATIONAL SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS ACCESS TO RETAIN TALENT GRANT (NATIONAL SMART GRANT) PROGRAMS Scope, Purpose, and General Definitions... defined in § 691.2(d), for purposes of the ACG Program, and that participates in the Federal Pell Grant...

34 CFR 668.61 - Recovery of funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... in which the institution disbursed Federal Pell Grant, ACG, National SMART Grant, Federal Perkins... escrow agent any disbursement not yet delivered to the student that exceeds the amount of assistance for...

34 CFR 668.58 - Interim disbursements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., ACG, National SMART Grant, or campus-based program funds to the applicant; (ii) Employ the applicant..., ACG, National SMART Grant, or campus-based funds; or (ii)(A) May make one disbursement of any combination of Federal Pell Grant, ACG, National SMART Grant, Federal Perkins Loan, or FSEOG funds for the...

34 CFR 668.58 - Interim disbursements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., ACG, National SMART Grant, or campus-based program funds to the applicant; (ii) Employ the applicant..., ACG, National SMART Grant, or campus-based funds; or (ii)(A) May make one disbursement of any combination of Federal Pell Grant, ACG, National SMART Grant, Federal Perkins Loan, or FSEOG funds for the...

75 FR 12226 - Privacy Act of 1974; Computer Matching Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-15

... include: the Federal Pell Grant Program; the Academic Competitiveness Grant Program; the National Science... the VIS database for the purpose of confirming the immigration status of applicants for assistance, as...

Measure Twice: The Impact on Graduation Rates of Serving Pell Grant Recipients. A Policy Bulletin for HEA Reauthorization

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Advisory Committee on Student Financial Assistance, 2013

2013-01-01

There is growing interest in leveraging Title IV student aid to improve college completion. Advocates have proposed linking funding in the Pell and Campus-Based Programs to measures of college performance. However, to do so in an equitable and efficient manner, raw measures of college output, such as rates of graduation and academic progress, must…

Federal Student Assistance and Categorical Programs. 1981 Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Balz, Frank J.

The fourth edition of analyses of selected federal student assistance and categorical programs prepared by the National Institute of Independent Colleges and Universities is presented. Sections include: (1) federal student assistance--undergraduate programs (Pell Grants, Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants, State Student Incentive Grants,…

34 CFR 668.24 - Record retention and examinations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... administration of the Federal Perkins Loan, FWS, FSEOG, Federal Pell Grant, ACG, National SMART Grant, or TEACH... records necessary to support the data contained in the FISAP, including “income grid information,” for...

34 CFR 668.24 - Record retention and examinations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... administration of the Federal Perkins Loan, FWS, FSEOG, Federal Pell Grant, ACG, National SMART Grant, or TEACH... records necessary to support the data contained in the FISAP, including “income grid information,” for...

34 CFR 668.24 - Record retention and examinations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... administration of the Federal Perkins Loan, FWS, FSEOG, Federal Pell Grant, ACG, National SMART Grant, or TEACH... records necessary to support the data contained in the FISAP, including “income grid information,” for...

Minnesota State Grant Statistics Over Time. 2003 Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Minnesota Higher Education Services Office, 2004

2004-01-01

This report contains data on the number and dollar amounts of Minnesota State Grants received by Minnesota undergraduates for Fiscal Years 1978 through 2003. Combined federal Pell and State Grant awards are also reported. The report includes a table showing the parameters used in the State Grant Program from Fiscal Year 1984 through 2003. The…

Quality in the Basic Grant Delivery System: Executive Summary.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Advanced Technology, Inc., McLean, VA.

Findings of a study of 1980-1981 award accuracy of the Basic Educational Opportunity Grants (BEOGs), or Pell Grants, are summarized. The study is the first stage of a three-stage quality control project and includes recommended corrective actions to reduce inaccuracies in the grant awards. A sample of 4,500 students were selected as representative…

Quality in the Basic Grant Delivery System: Volume 1, Findings.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Advanced Technology, Inc., McLean, VA.

Detailed findings from the first stage of the Basic Educational Opportunity Grant (BEOG) quality control project are presented. For the 4,500 students selected as representative of the BEOG, or Pell Grant, recipient population as of Fall 1980, data were collected from: federal tax returns, interviews with student recipients and their parents, tax…

Quality in the Basic Grant Delivery System: Volume 2, Corrective Actions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Advanced Technology, Inc., McLean, VA.

Alternative management procedures are recommended that may lower the rate and magnitude of errors in the award of the Basic Educational Opportunity Grants (BEOGs), or Pell Grants. The recommendations are part of the BEOG quality control project and are based on a review of current (1980-1981) levels, distribution, and significance of error in the…

Quality in the Basic Grant Delivery System: Volume 3, Methodology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Advanced Technology, Inc., McLean, VA.

The research methodology of a study to assess 1980-1981 award accuracy of the Basic Educational Opportunity Grants (BEOG), or Pell grants, is described. The study is the first stage of a three-stage quality control project. During the spring of 1981 a nationally representative sample of 305 public, private, and proprietary institutions was…

34 CFR 690.75 - Determination of eligibility for payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 34 Education 4 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Determination of eligibility for payment. 690.75 Section 690.75 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION (CONTINUED) FEDERAL PELL GRANT PROGRAM Administration of Grant...

34 CFR 690.75 - Determination of eligibility for payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 34 Education 4 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Determination of eligibility for payment. 690.75 Section 690.75 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION (CONTINUED) FEDERAL PELL GRANT PROGRAM Administration of Grant...

34 CFR 690.75 - Determination of eligibility for payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 34 Education 4 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Determination of eligibility for payment. 690.75 Section 690.75 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION (CONTINUED) FEDERAL PELL GRANT PROGRAM Administration of Grant...

34 CFR 690.75 - Determination of eligibility for payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Determination of eligibility for payment. 690.75 Section 690.75 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FEDERAL PELL GRANT PROGRAM Administration of Grant Payments...

Conditional Cash Transfers and College Persistence: Evidence from a Randomized Need-Based Grant Program. Discussion Paper No. 1393-11

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldrick-Rab, Sara; Harris, Douglas N.; Benson, James; Kelchen, Robert

2011-01-01

We use the random assignment of a private Wisconsin need-based grant to estimate the impacts of financial aid on college persistence among Pell Grant recipients at 13 public universities over three years. For equity and efficiency reasons, governments use conditional cash transfers to reduce the relationship between family income and college…

34 CFR 608.31 - How does the Secretary determine the amount of a grant?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... institution during the school year immediately preceding that fiscal year. Number of Pell Grant recipients at all applicant institutions during the school year immediately preceding that fiscal year. (2... year. Number of graduates of all applicant institutions during the school year immediately preceding...

34 CFR 608.31 - How does the Secretary determine the amount of a grant?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... institution during the school year immediately preceding that fiscal year. Number of Pell Grant recipients at all applicant institutions during the school year immediately preceding that fiscal year. (2... year. Number of graduates of all applicant institutions during the school year immediately preceding...

34 CFR 608.31 - How does the Secretary determine the amount of a grant?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... institution during the school year immediately preceding that fiscal year. Number of Pell Grant recipients at all applicant institutions during the school year immediately preceding that fiscal year. (2... year. Number of graduates of all applicant institutions during the school year immediately preceding...

34 CFR 608.31 - How does the Secretary determine the amount of a grant?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... institution during the school year immediately preceding that fiscal year. Number of Pell Grant recipients at all applicant institutions during the school year immediately preceding that fiscal year. (2... year. Number of graduates of all applicant institutions during the school year immediately preceding...

The Student Guide. Five Federal Financial Aid Programs. 88-89.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Department of Education, Washington, DC.

Information on five U.S. Department of Education student financial aid programs and how to apply for them is presented: Pell Grants, Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants, College Work-Study, Perkins Loans (formerly National Direct Student Loans), and Guaranteed Student Loans (Parent Loans to Undergraduate Students and Supplemental Loans for…

34 CFR 668.24 - Record retention and examinations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) Participants in the Federal Perkins Loan Program shall follow procedures established in 34 CFR 674.19 for... media format; and (v) Participants in the Federal Perkins Loan Program shall follow procedures... administration of the Federal Perkins Loan, FWS, FSEOG, Federal Pell Grant, ACG, National SMART Grant, or TEACH...

Federal Student Aid: Recent Changes to Eligibility Requirements and Additional Efforts to Promote Awareness Could Increase Academic Competitiveness and SMART Grant Participation. Report to Congressional Requesters. GAO-09-343

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

US Government Accountability Office, 2009

2009-01-01

The Academic Competitiveness (AC) and National Science and Mathematics Access to Retain Talent (SMART) Grants were established by the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005. The grants provide merit-based financial aid to certain low-income college students eligible for Federal Pell Grants and are administered by the Department of Education (Education).…

Simplifying Student Aid: What It Would Mean for States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baum, Sandy; Little, Kathleen; Ma, Jennifer; Sturtevant, Anne

2012-01-01

Like the federal Pell Grant program, need-based state grant programs are designed to increase access to higher education among low- and moderate-income students. A growing body of research indicates that adequate funding is a necessary but not sufficient condition for successfully achieving this goal. Aid programs that are easy to understand and…

34 CFR 668.59 - Consequences of a change in application information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Consequences of a change in application information... Verification of Student Aid Application Information § 668.59 Consequences of a change in application information. (a) For the Federal Pell Grant, ACG, and National SMART Grant programs— (1) Except as provided in...

34 CFR 606.3 - What is an enrollment of needy students?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION DEVELOPING HISPANIC-SERVING INSTITUTIONS PROGRAM General § 606... under one or more of the following programs: Federal Pell Grant, Federal Supplemental Educational...

Pell Grant Protection Act

THOMAS, 113th Congress

Sen. Hirono, Mazie K. [D-HI

2014-04-01

Senate - 04/01/2014 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

34 CFR 690.80 - Recalculation of a Federal Pell Grant award.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... such recalculations must take into account any changes in the cost of attendance. If such a policy is... Grant award for the new payment period taking into account any changes in the cost of attendance. (2)(i... begun attendance in all of his or her classes for that payment period, the institution may (but is not...

Myths & Misunderstandings: The Undeserved Legacy of Year-Round Pell Grants

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Delisle, Jason; Miller, Ben

2015-01-01

The first two years of the Obama administration brought nothing but good news for student financial aid programs. These included increases to grants, tax benefits, and funding for community colleges and minority-serving schools. But in early 2011, President Obama and Congress released the new budget with a request that would achieve large savings…

76 FR 51011 - Applications for New Awards; Predominantly Black Institutions Formula Grant Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-17

... ability of the institutions to serve the academic needs of these students. Program Authority: Title III... such institution at the end of the academic year preceding the beginning of that fiscal year, bears to the total number of Federal Pell Grant recipients at all such institutions at the end of such academic...

The Persistence Pyramid: Factors Related to Persistence for Low-Income Students in Baccalaureate Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Opatz, Leslie Joseph

2013-01-01

Low-income students earn bachelor's degrees at significantly lower rates than their high-income peers. This qualitative study interviewed 21 Fall 2008 full-time first-year Pell Grant recipients in May 2012 when almost all were near the point of baccalaureate degree completion at a large urban doctoral-granting institution with very high research…

The Error Prone Model and the Basic Grants Validation Selection System. Draft Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

System Development Corp., Falls Church, VA.

An evaluation of existing and proposed mechanisms to ensure data accuracy for the Pell Grant program is reported, and recommendations for efficient detection of fraud and error in the program are offered. One study objective was to examine the existing system of pre-established criteria (PEC), which are validation criteria that select students on…

34 CFR 690.65 - Transfer student: attendance at more than one institution during an award year.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Grant at one institution subsequently enrolls at a second institution in the same award year, the... valid SAR to the second institution; or (2) The second institution obtains a valid ISIR. (b) The second... Federal Pell Grant only for that portion of the academic year in which a student is enrolled at that...

34 CFR 690.65 - Transfer student: attendance at more than one institution during an award year.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Grant at one institution subsequently enrolls at a second institution in the same award year, the... valid SAR to the second institution; or (2) The second institution obtains a valid ISIR. (b) The second... Federal Pell Grant only for that portion of the academic year in which a student is enrolled at that...

34 CFR 690.65 - Transfer student: attendance at more than one institution during an award year.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Grant at one institution subsequently enrolls at a second institution in the same award year, the... valid SAR to the second institution; or (2) The second institution obtains a valid ISIR. (b) The second... Federal Pell Grant only for that portion of the academic year in which a student is enrolled at that...

34 CFR 690.65 - Transfer student: attendance at more than one institution during an award year.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Grant at one institution subsequently enrolls at a second institution in the same award year, the... valid SAR to the second institution; or (2) The second institution obtains a valid ISIR. (b) The second... Federal Pell Grant only for that portion of the academic year in which a student is enrolled at that...

Impact of the Update to the Federal Needs Analysis on Minnesota Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Setter, Gerald; Misukanis, Mark

2005-01-01

In December 2004, the U.S. Department of Education announced that it will update the amount it allows families to deduct for state and other tax payments when applying for financial aid. These changes affect the way both the Federal Pell Grant and the Minnesota State Grant programs calculate a family's ability to pay. Larger assigned family…

How Need-Based Financial Aid Reduces College Attrition among Low-Income Public University Students: The Role of Time Use

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldrick-Rab, Sara; Harris, Douglas N.; Benson, James

2011-01-01

The authors examine whether a need-based financial grant distribution "at random" to 1,500 Wisconsin Pell Grant recipients attending 13 public universities had an impact on how they allocated their time devoted to (a) working, (b) studying, (c) sleeping, and (d) socializing. To test whether time use mediates the relationship between aid…

75 FR 34805 - Program Integrity Issues

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-18

...The Secretary proposes to improve integrity in the programs authorized under title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA) by amending the regulations for Institutional Eligibility Under the HEA, the Secretary's Recognition of Accrediting Agencies, the Secretary's Recognition Procedures for State Agencies, the Student Assistance General Provisions, the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) Program, the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program, the Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education (TEACH) Grant Program, the Federal Pell Grant Program, and the Academic Competitiveness Grant (AGC) and National Science and Mathematics Access to Retain Talent Grant (National Smart Grant) Programs.

75 FR 66831 - Program Integrity Issues

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-29

...The Secretary is improving integrity in the programs authorized under title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA), by amending the regulations for Institutional Eligibility Under the HEA, the Secretary's Recognition of Accrediting Agencies, the Secretary's Recognition Procedures for State Agencies, the Student Assistance General Provisions, the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) Program, the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program, the Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education (TEACH) Grant Program in part 686, the Federal Pell Grant Program, and the Academic Competitiveness Grant (AGC) and National Science and Mathematics Access to Retain Talent Grant (National Smart Grant) Programs.

34 CFR 668.230 - Scope and purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STUDENT ASSISTANCE GENERAL PROVISIONS Financial Assistance for Students With... disabilities. Students enrolled in these programs are eligible for Federal financial assistance under the Federal Pell Grant, FSEOG, and FWS programs. Except for provisions related to needs analysis, the...

34 CFR 668.230 - Scope and purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STUDENT ASSISTANCE GENERAL PROVISIONS Financial Assistance for Students With... disabilities. Students enrolled in these programs are eligible for Federal financial assistance under the Federal Pell Grant, FSEOG, and FWS programs. Except for provisions related to needs analysis, the...

Statistical Methods for Protecting Personally Identifiable Information in the Disclosure of Graduation Rates of First-Time, Full-Time Degree- or Certificate-Seeking Undergraduate Students by 2-Year Degree-Granting Institutions of Higher Education. Technical Brief. NCES 2012-151

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chen, Xianglei; Bersudskaya, Vera; Cubarrubi, Archie

2011-01-01

The Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008 (HEOA) requires that Title IV degree-granting institutions disclose annually the graduation rates of first-time, full-time degree- or certificate-seeking undergraduate students, disaggregated by gender, each major racial/ethnic subgroup, and receipt or non-receipt of a federal Pell grant or subsidized…

To express the sense of Congress that the Federal Pell Grant program should be a high funding priority.

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Rep. Paulsen, Erik [R-MN-3

2010-05-04

House - 05/27/2010 Referred to the Subcommittee on Higher Education, Lifelong Learning, and Competitiveness. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Student Financial Aid. High-Risk Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Comptroller General of the U.S., Washington, DC.

This publication discusses areas of concern in the Department of Education's management and oversight of postsecondary student financial aid programs, especially the Federal Family Education Loan Program (FFELP), the Federal Direct Student Loan Program (FDSLP), and the Federal Pell Grant Programs. The General Accounting Office determined that, in…

Three Essays in Higher Education Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kelchen, Robert

2013-01-01

This dissertation consists of three chapters examining issues relevant to current higher education policy debates. In the first chapter, I use surveys, in-depth interviews, and administrative records from a sample of Wisconsin Pell Grant recipients who chose among Wisconsin public colleges and universities to explore whether students' initial…

Graduation Odds and Probabilities among Baccalaureate Colleges and Universities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morrison, Michael C.

2013-01-01

Graduation outcomes are analyzed at public and private baccalaureate colleges and universities in the United States. The purpose is to determine the effect of institutional characteristics on a binary indicator of college graduation. The effect of the percentage of Pell grant recipients on graduation outcomes is of primary interest, controlling…

The College Cost Book, 1986-87. Seventh Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

College Entrance Examination Board, New York, NY. Coll. Scholarship Service.

Information on financial aid, estimating financial need, managing money, and expenses at over 3,500 colleges is provided. College costs are based on the following: tuition and fees, books and supplies, room and board, transportation, and personal expenses. The following financial aid sources are examined; the Pell Grant Program, the Supplemental…

Student Financial Aid. High Risk Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

General Accounting Office, Washington, DC.

This report discusses the continuing concerns of the U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO) in regard to the Department of Education's management and oversight of postsecondary student financial aid programs, especially the Federal Family Education Loan, the Ford Direct Loan, and the Federal Pell Grant Programs. GAO commends the department for its…

34 CFR 690.66 - Correspondence study.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Correspondence study. 690.66 Section 690.66 Education... Correspondence study. (a) An institution calculates the Federal Pell Grant for a payment period for a student in a program of study offered by correspondence courses without terms, but not including any...

34 CFR 690.66 - Correspondence study.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 34 Education 4 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Correspondence study. 690.66 Section 690.66 Education... § 690.66 Correspondence study. (a) An institution calculates the Federal Pell Grant for a payment period for a student in a program of study offered by correspondence courses without terms, but not including...

To expand eligibility for Pell grants to certain students who are pursuing a postbaccalaureate professional certification or licensing credential required for employment as a teacher.

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Rep. Melancon, Charlie [D-LA-3

2010-07-15

House - 10/13/2010 Referred to the Subcommittee on Higher Education, Lifelong Learning, and Competitiveness. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Alternative Funding Options for Post-Secondary Correctional Education (Part Two)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taylor, Jon Marc

2005-01-01

Post-Secondary Correctional Education (PSCE) programs have been offered in United States penal faculties for half-a-century. The primary determinant of these program opportunities has been funding availability. With the exclusion of prisoner-students from participating in the Pell Grant financial aid program, approximately half of the existing…

Who Receives Federal Student Aid?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

College Entrance Examination Board, Washington, DC.

Information on federal student aid recipients by income, undergraduate and graduate level, and financial dependency status is presented for Pell Grants, campus-based programs, and Guaranteed Student Loans (GSL). Income data are reported for all aid recipients and for financially dependent and independent students for 1983-1984 and for 1976-1977,…

34 CFR 668.58 - Interim disbursements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... in accordance with § 668.59(a), the institution may not— (i) Disburse any Federal Pell Grant, FSEOG... the applicant in its FWS Program; or (iii) Originate a Direct Subsidized Loan, or disburse any such..., under the FWS Program for the first 60 consecutive days after the student's enrollment in that award...

34 CFR 668.58 - Interim disbursements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... in accordance with § 668.59(a), the institution may not— (i) Disburse any Federal Pell Grant, FSEOG... the applicant in its FWS Program; or (iii) Originate a Direct Subsidized Loan, or disburse any such..., under the FWS Program for the first 60 consecutive days after the student's enrollment in that award...

34 CFR 668.58 - Interim disbursements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... in accordance with § 668.59(a), the institution may not— (i) Disburse any Federal Pell Grant, FSEOG... the applicant in its FWS Program; or (iii) Originate a Direct Subsidized Loan, or disburse any such..., under the FWS Program for the first 60 consecutive days after the student's enrollment in that award...

Teaching Undergraduate Business Management Courses on Campus and in Prisons.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rudin, Joel P.

1998-01-01

In a comparison of performance in a business management course by on-campus and incarcerated students (the latter taught via interactive television), prisoners outperformed both U.S. and international on-campus students. Results may support the argument that elimination of Pell Grants for prisoners was shortsighted. (SK)

76 FR 30139 - Federal Need Analysis Methodology for the 2012-2013 Award Year

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-24

... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Federal Need Analysis Methodology for the 2012-2013 Award Year AGENCY: Federal Student Aid, Department of Education. ACTION: Notice of revision of the Federal Need Analysis...; 84.268; 84.379]. Federal Need Analysis Methodology for the 2012-2013 award year; Federal Pell Grant...

Abuses in Federal Student Grant Programs. Hearings before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (October 27-28, 1993).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs.

It appears that many of the problems plaguing the Federal Student Aid Programs are also undermining the Pell Grant program, not so much from dishonesty on the part of students, but by dishonesty on the part of schools. This document presents testimony and prepared statements concerning the allegations of fraud, abuse, and mismanagement in the…

Student Financial Aid. Data Not Fully Utilized To Identify Inappropriately Awarded Loans and Grants. Report to the Ranking Minority Member, Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, Committee on Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blanchette, Cornelia M.; And Others

This report examines the U.S. Department of Education's Federal Family Education Loan Program (FFELP) and Federal Pell Grant Program (FPGP), focusing on the extent to which the Department's student aid data are effectively used to help ensure compliance with federal requirements and prevent any abuses from recurring and the improvements that the…

Abuses in Federal Student Grant Programs: Proprietary School Abuses. Hearing before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Governmental Affairs. United States Senate, One Hundred Fourth Congress, First Session.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs.

The purpose of this hearing was to probe a pattern of fraud and abuse in the Pell Grant Program for postsecondary students, focusing specifically on the IADE American Schools, a for-profit vocational school with campuses in the Los Angeles (California) area and serving primarily Hispanic students. In his opening remarks Senator Roth detailed a…

77 FR 25893 - Federal Pell Grant Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-02

... Program regulations to make them consistent with recent changes in the law that prohibit a student from... should make any changes in these regulations. We invite your comments. We will consider these comments in... change in the law that repealed section 401(b)(5) of the HEA. We have retained most of current Sec. 690...

Effects of Locus of Control, Academic Self-Efficacy, and Tutoring on Academic Performance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Drago, Anthony; Rheinheimer, David C.; Detweiler, Thomas N.

2018-01-01

This study investigated the connection between locus of control (LOC), academic self-efficacy (ASE), and academic performance, and whether these variables are affected by tutoring. Additional variables of interest, including gender, students' Pell Grant status, ethnicity, and class size, were also considered for the research models. The population…

Community College Students and Federal Student Financial Aid: A Primer

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Juszkiewicz, Jolanta

2014-01-01

The federal government plays an indispensable role in helping community college students pay for their education. It is hard to imagine today's community college campuses without needs-based federal student aid, such as the Pell Grant program and subsidized loans. There are, however, significant differences between community college students and…

After Pell Grants: The Neoliberal Assault on Prisoners

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yates, Mark T.; Lakes, Richard D.

2010-01-01

The number of prisoners in the United States has accelerated over the past thirty years, giving it the highest incarceration rate in the world. The rise in the prison rate has coincided with the ascendancy of neoliberal policies of governance. These include, deregulation of markets, reduction of welfare services, and harsh punitive measures for…

Starting from Scratch: A New Federal and State Partnership in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCarthy, Mary Alice; Fishman, Rachel; Palmer, Iris; Laitinen, Amy; Dancy, Kim; Burd, Stephen; Carey, Kevin; Ekowo, Manuela; Barrett, Ben; Holt, Alexander

2016-01-01

Imagine students attending colleges and universities around the country having their financial needs met without the use of federal loans, Pell Grants, and higher education tax credits. In "Starting from Scratch: A New Federal and State Partnership in Higher Education," New America's Higher Education Policy Program shares its vision for…

Private Money, Public Good

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kelly, Andrew P.; McShane, Michael Q.

2013-01-01

It's no secret that states and the federal government have found themselves in a financial pinch when it comes to higher education. After years of recession and sluggish recovery, states have slashed per-pupil public spending on higher education by 14.6 percent since 2008. At the federal level, though money for Pell Grants has more than doubled…

77 FR 31600 - Federal Need Analysis Methodology for the 2013-2014 Award Year: Federal Pell Grant, Federal...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-29

... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Federal Need Analysis Methodology for the 2013-2014 Award Year: Federal... student's expected family contribution (EFC) for award year 2013-2014 for the student financial aid... in the Consumer Price Index (CPI). For award year 2013-2014, the Secretary is charged with updating...

Student Aid in the Reagan Administration. Fact Sheet. Summary.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Council on Education, Washington, DC.

Federal appropriations during 1981-1985 for student financial aid are reviewed, along with the effect of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981. The effective cut in need-based federal student aid for funding year (FY) 1981 totalled $600 million ($500 million Pell Grants, $100 million National Direct Student Loans). The Omnibus Budget…

National Policy Agenda to Reduce the Burden of Student Debt

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Institute for College Access & Success, 2014

2014-01-01

Since 2005, "The Institute for College Access & Success" (TICAS) and its Project on Student Debt have worked to reduce the risks and burdens of student debt. TICAS helped create and improve income-based repayment plans to keep federal loan payments manageable; strengthen Pell Grants, which reduce the need to borrow; and simplify the…

Assessment of Alternative Student Aid Delivery Systems: Assessment of the Current Delivery System.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Advanced Technology, Inc., Reston, VA.

The effects of the current system for delivering federal financial assistance to students under the Pell Grant, Guaranteed Student Loan (GSL), and campus-based programs are analyzed. Information is included on the use of the assessment model, which combines program evaluation, systems research, and policy analysis methodologies.…

34 CFR 690.7 - Institutional participation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Institutional participation. (a) An institution may not participate in the Federal Pell Grant Program if the institution— (1) Offers at least one eligible program for purposes of the ACG Program, as defined in 34 CFR 691.2(d), but does not participate in the ACG Program; or (2) Offers at least one eligible program for...

34 CFR 690.7 - Institutional participation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Definitions § 690.7 Institutional participation. (a) An institution may not participate in the Federal Pell... Program, as defined in 34 CFR 691.2(d), but does not participate in the ACG Program; or (2) Offers at least one eligible program for purposes of the National SMART Grant Program, as defined in 34 CFR 691.2...

34 CFR 690.7 - Institutional participation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Definitions § 690.7 Institutional participation. (a) An institution may not participate in the Federal Pell... Program, as defined in 34 CFR 691.2(d), but does not participate in the ACG Program; or (2) Offers at least one eligible program for purposes of the National SMART Grant Program, as defined in 34 CFR 691.2...

34 CFR 690.7 - Institutional participation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Definitions § 690.7 Institutional participation. (a) An institution may not participate in the Federal Pell... Program, as defined in 34 CFR 691.2(d), but does not participate in the ACG Program; or (2) Offers at least one eligible program for purposes of the National SMART Grant Program, as defined in 34 CFR 691.2...

34 CFR 690.7 - Institutional participation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Definitions § 690.7 Institutional participation. (a) An institution may not participate in the Federal Pell... Program, as defined in 34 CFR 691.2(d), but does not participate in the ACG Program; or (2) Offers at least one eligible program for purposes of the National SMART Grant Program, as defined in 34 CFR 691.2...

A Framework for a Quality Control System for Vendor/Processor Contracts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Advanced Technology, Inc., Reston, VA.

A framework for monitoring quality control (QC) of processor contracts administered by the Department of Education's Office of Student Financial Assistance (OSFA) is presented and applied to the Pell Grant program. Guidelines for establishing QC measures and standards are included, and the uses of a sampling procedure in the QC system are…

Motivational Factors Underlying College Students' Decisions to Resume Their Educational Pursuits in the Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Phillips, Theresa M.; Herlihy, Barbara

2009-01-01

This study explored college student persistence at a historically Black university affected by Hurricane Katrina. Predictor variables including sex, residence status, Pell Grant status, campus housing status, college grade point average, attendance before Hurricane Katrina, and attendance at the university by parents or another close relative were…

34 CFR 668.60 - Deadlines for submitting documentation and the consequences of failing to provide documentation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... consequences of failing to provide documentation. 668.60 Section 668.60 Education Regulations of the Offices of... § 668.60 Deadlines for submitting documentation and the consequences of failing to provide documentation..., excluding the Federal Pell Grant Program— (1) If an applicant fails to provide the requested documentation...

25 CFR 26.16 - If I am awarded financial assistance, how much will I receive?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... receive? 26.16 Section 26.16 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES JOB PLACEMENT AND TRAINING PROGRAM General Applicability § 26.16 If I am awarded financial assistance... needs. If applicable, you should apply for: (1) A Pell Grant if your training institution offers this...

Access and Funding in Public Higher Education--The 2011 National Survey

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Katsinas, Stephen G.; D'Amico, Mark M.; Friedel, Janice N.

2011-01-01

With current tuition increases at more than double the rate of inflation and cuts in state funding and Pell Grant programs, students and their families are being squeezed financially. The purpose of this study was to uncover access and funding issues by displaying current year and future year predictions for all access sectors including community…

Simplifying and Modernizing Pell Grants to Maximize Efficiency and Impact

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scott-Clayton, Judith

2017-01-01

The federal role in higher education has grown over the past two decades, and now a new administration has the opportunity to strengthen policies that support students and their colleges and universities. To help inform these decisions, the Urban Institute convened a bipartisan group of scholars and policy advisers to write a series of memos…

A Self-Instructional Course in Student Financial Aid Administration. Module 14: Authorization, Fiscal Operations, & Reporting. Second Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Washington Consulting Group, Inc., Washington, DC.

The 14th of 17 modules in a self-instructional course on student financial aid administration (geared toward novice financial aid administrators and other institutional personnel) focuses on Pell Grants and campus-based authorization, fiscal operations, and reporting. The full course provides an introduction to the management of federal financial…

The Effects of Financial Aid on College Success of Two-Year Beginning Nontraditional Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chen, Jin; Hossler, Don

2017-01-01

This study aims to understand the role of financial aid in college success of two-year beginning nontraditional students. By applying discrete time event history models with propensity score covariate adjustment to a nationally representative sample from BPS: 04/09, this study answers research questions centering around the effects of Pell Grants,…

Helping Students Pay for College--and Achieve Better Outcomes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

MDRC, 2013

2013-01-01

America faces a two-pronged problem in higher education: increasing costs and low completion rates. Despite the recent expansion of federal Pell Grants, many students still are left with unmet financial needs and may drop out of college because of financial concerns, pressing work responsibilities, and fears of taking on too much debt. One idea…

An Examination of the Relationships among Student Services Expenditures, Pell Grant Funding, and Completion Rates at Public Community Colleges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Racioppi, Gerald William

2014-01-01

Because of shrinking budgets, increasing demand, and calls for more graduates, community college leaders are forced to make difficult resource allocation decisions. In many states, sizable percentages of the state funds available to community colleges are conditional on performance measures, including graduations; the number of states with funding…

Postsecondary Education Opportunity. The Mortenson Research Seminar on Public Policy Analysis of Opportunity for Postsecondary Education, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mortenson, Thomas G., Ed.

1998-01-01

The 12 issues of this 1998 publication each contain one or more analyses of postsecondary educational opportunities, including tables and charts. Titles of the individual analytical articles are: "Pell Grant Program Participation, FFY 1974 to FFY 1999"; "Poverty Rates by Educational Attainment, 1996"; "Refinancing Higher Education, 1952 to 1996";…

Community College Placement: How Emerging Policy and Practice Relate to Success and Persistence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Helget, Donna Johnson

2017-01-01

The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine whether the method of course placement for the first attempted English and mathematics courses was independent of the student demographic variables of gender, race/ethnicity, and Pell Grant eligibility. The study also analyzed if course success and semester-to-semester persistence were…

Counselor's Handbook. A Federal Student Aid Reference, Part 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Office of Student Financial Assistance (ED), Washington, DC.

Information is provided on the Student Aid Report (SAR), which is used to determine student eligibility for Pell Grants. Four to six weeks after a student submits a 1986-87 "Application for Federal Student Aid" or one of the non-federal applications, the student will receive the SAR. The student's eligibility status determines which of…

College Costs, Prices and the Great Recession. Lumina Issue Papers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Nate

2014-01-01

As states and families begin to recover from the effects of the Great Recession, some of the urgency about college affordability may start to ease. The most recent "Trends in College Pricing" report shows tuition rising more slowly than in recent years (Baum and Ma 2013). Growth in Pell grant applications is also expected to slow as…

Office of Student Financial Aid Quality Improvement Program: Design and Implementation Plan.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Advanced Technology, Inc., Reston, VA.

The purpose and direction of the Office of Student Financial Aid (OSFA) quality improvement program are described. The background and context for the Pell Grant quality control (QC) design study and the meaning of QC are reviewed. The general approach to quality improvement consists of the following elements: a strategic approach that enables OSFA…

Treatment of Farm Families under Need Analysis for Student Aid. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Computer Systems, Inc., Arlington, VA.

In response to Congressional request, this report compares the treatment of student financial aid applicants from farm families and non-farm families under two need-analysis formulae. Both the need-analysis methodology for Pell Grants and the Congressional Methodology (CM) for other federal aid calculate ability to pay as a function of income and…

Assessing the U.S. Financial Aid System: What We Know, What We Need To Know.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kane, Thomas J.

2001-01-01

Explores the need for the higher education community to rethink the structure of higher education finance from its basic foundations. Suggests that future research focus on how the method of delivery of public subsidies--across-the-board subsidies, in-school interest subsidies on student loans, or Pell Grants--influences their effectiveness for…

34 CFR 690.63 - Calculation of a Federal Pell Grant for a payment period.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... fall through the following spring, or three quarters in the fall, winter, and spring, none of which... program using an academic calendar that includes two semesters or trimesters in the fall through the following spring, or three quarters in the fall, winter, and spring; and (B) Does not provide at least 30...

The Billion-Dollar Question: Which Students Benefit?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Supiano, Becky

2009-01-01

The new economic-stimulus law includes more than $29-billion in provisions directed at making college more affordable in the next two years. That includes $13.9-billion budgeted over 10 years for education-tax-credit changes in 2009 and 2010, $15-billion in additional Pell Grant support, and $200-million for the Federal Work-Study program. But…

Access and Finance Issues: The University of Alabama's Education Policy Center

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Katsinas, Stephen G.

2015-01-01

Established in the 1920s, the Education Policy Center (EPC) is the oldest center or institute at The University of Alabama. Our work centers on four interrelated areas: (a) access and finance of public higher education, (b) college completion, (c) Pell Grants, and (d) rural community colleges. As place-based institutions with service delivery…

Equations with Arithmetic Functions of Pell Numbers

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-01

Bull. Math. Soc. Sci. Math. Roumanie Tome 57(105) No. 4, 2014, 409–413 Equations with arithmetic functions of Pell numbers by 1Florian Luca...2Pantelimon Stănică Abstract Here, we prove some diophantine results about the Euler function of Pell numbers and their Pell –Lucas companion sequence. For...example, if the Euler function of the nth Pell number Pn or Pell –Lucas companion number Qn is a power of 2, then n ≤ 8. Key Words: Euler function, Pell

Going to the Source: A Practical Way to Simplify the FAFSA

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Asher, Lauren

2007-01-01

There is widespread agreement that the complexity of the current Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) is a barrier to college access and success. One indication is the large and growing number of lower income college students who do not apply for aid, even though they are likely eligible for a Pell grant: an estimated 1.5 million in…

2015 AERA Distinguished Lecture--College in Prison: A Cause in Need of Advocacy and Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lagemann, Ellen Condliffe

2015-01-01

This essay describes the economic, social, and civic benefits of college in prison. Turning to history, it describes the unfortunate 1994 decision to eliminate Pell Grant eligibility for people in prison and argues that the time is now right to reverse that policy. Finally, it describes several ways in which scholars of education can contribute to…

Predicting Early College Success for Indiana's High School Class of 2014

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davis, Elisabeth; Guarino, Nicole; Lindsay, Jim

2018-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between receiving Pell Grants and 21st Century Scholarships and early college success among the 2014 cohort of Indiana public high school graduates entering public Indiana colleges in the fall after graduation. Early college success for these students was defined using three measures plus a…

Providing More Cash for College: Interim Findings from the Performance-Based Scholarship Demonstration in California

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Richburg-Hayes, Lashawn; Patel, Reshma; Brock, Thomas; de la Campa, Elijah; Rubb, Timothy; Valenzuela, Ireri

2015-01-01

One of the original purposes of student financial aid was to ensure fairer access to post-secondary education to those least able to afford it and to those traditionally underrepresented. Various federal and state programs were put in place to achieve this goal, including the federal Pell Grant and state aid programs. Yet policymakers and…

34 CFR 690.61 - Submission process and deadline for a Student Aid Report or Institutional Student Information...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) Submission process. (1) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, an institution must disburse...— (i) The student submits a valid SAR to the institution; or (ii) The institution obtains a valid ISIR for the student. (2) In determining a student's eligibility to receive his or her Federal Pell Grant...

34 CFR 690.65 - Transfer student: attendance at more than one institution during an award year.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... institution subsequently enrolls at a second institution in the same award year, the student may receive a Federal Pell Grant at the second institution only if— (1) The student submits a valid SAR to the second... only for that portion of the academic year in which a student is enrolled at that institution. The...

34 CFR 690.61 - Submission process and deadline for a Student Aid Report or Institutional Student Information...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) Submission process. (1) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, an institution must disburse...— (i) The student submits a valid SAR to the institution; or (ii) The institution obtains a valid ISIR for the student. (2) In determining a student's eligibility to receive his or her Federal Pell Grant...

34 CFR 690.61 - Submission process and deadline for a Student Aid Report or Institutional Student Information...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) Submission process. (1) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, an institution must disburse...— (i) The student submits a valid SAR to the institution; or (ii) The institution obtains a valid ISIR for the student. (2) In determining a student's eligibility to receive his or her Federal Pell Grant...

34 CFR 690.61 - Submission process and deadline for a Student Aid Report or Institutional Student Information...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) Submission process. (1) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, an institution must disburse...— (i) The student submits a valid SAR to the institution; or (ii) The institution obtains a valid ISIR for the student. (2) In determining a student's eligibility to receive his or her Federal Pell Grant...

34 CFR 690.61 - Submission process and deadline for a Student Aid Report or Institutional Student Information...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... process. (1) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, an institution must disburse a... student submits a valid SAR to the institution; or (ii) The institution obtains a valid ISIR for the student. (2) In determining a student's eligibility to receive his or her Federal Pell Grant, an...

H.R. 3221: Student Aid and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2009. Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congressional Budget Office, 2009

2009-01-01

H.R. 3221 would amend the Higher Education Act of 1965, which authorizes most federal postsecondary education programs. It would prohibit new federally guaranteed loans from being made under the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) Program and would increase direct spending for the Federal Pell Grant Program and other programs. The elimination of…

Serving Their Share: Some Colleges Could Be Doing a Much Better Job Enrolling and Graduating Low-Income Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Campbell, Colleen; Voight, Mamie

2015-01-01

The report outlines ways colleges and universities can improve access and attainment for underserved students, particularly Pell Grant recipients, who come from low-income backgrounds. "Serving Their Share" lists 10 prominent public institutions who are failing to enroll as many low-income, high-achieving students as they could, based on…

Complexity and Targeting in Federal Student Aid: A Quantitative Analysis. NBER Working Paper No. 13801

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dynarski, Susan; Scott-Clayton, Judith E.

2008-01-01

A growing body of empirical evidence shows that some financial aid programs increase college enrollment. Puzzlingly, there is little compelling evidence that Pell Grants and Stafford Loans, the primary federal student aid programs, are effective in achieving this goal. In this paper, we provide an in-depth review of this evidence, which taken as a…

Solution structure of the isolated Pelle death domain.

PubMed

Moncrieffe, Martin C; Stott, Katherine M; Gay, Nicholas J

2005-07-18

The interaction between the death domains (DDs) of Tube and the protein kinase Pelle is an important component of the Toll pathway. Published crystallographic data suggests that the Pelle-Tube DD interface is plastic and implies that in addition to the two predominant Pelle-Tube interfaces, a third interaction is possible. We present the NMR solution structure of the isolated death domain of Pelle and a study of the interaction between the DDs of Pelle and Tube. Our data suggests the solution structure of the isolated Pelle DD is similar to that of Pelle DD in complex with Tube. Additionally, they suggest that the plasticity observed in the crystal structure may not be relevant in the functioning death domain complex.

Pelle kinase is activated by autophosphorylation during Toll signaling in Drosophila.

PubMed

Shen, Baohe; Manley, James L

2002-04-01

The Drosophila Pelle kinase plays a key role in the evolutionarily conserved Toll signaling pathway, but the mechanism responsible for its activation has been unknown. We present in vivo and in vitro evidence establishing an important role for concentration-dependent autophosphorylation in the signaling process. We first show that Pelle phosphorylation can be detected transiently in early embryos, concomitant with activation of signaling. Importantly, Pelle phosphorylation is enhanced in a gain-of-function Toll mutant (Toll(10b)), but decreased by loss-of-function Toll alleles. Next we found that Pelle is phosphorylated in transfected Schneider L2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner such that significant modification is observed only at high Pelle concentrations, which coincide with levels required for phosphorylation and activation of the downstream target, Dorsal. Pelle phosphorylation is also enhanced in L2 cells co-expressing Toll(10b), and is dependent on Pelle kinase activity. In vitro kinase assays revealed that recombinant, autophosphorylated Pelle is far more active than unphosphorylated Pelle. Importantly, unphosphorylated Pelle becomes autophosphorylated, and activated, by incubation at high concentrations. We discuss these results in the context of Toll-like receptor mediated signaling in both flies and mammals.

Identification, characterization, and functional studies of a Pelle gene in the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis.

PubMed

Huang, Ying; Chen, Yi-Hong; Zhang, Yu-Zhou; Feng, Jin-Ling; Zhao, Ling-Ling; Zhu, Huan-Xi; Wang, Wen; Ren, Qian

2015-08-01

The toll-like receptor/NF-κB signaling pathways play an important role in the innate immune system. In the present study, one Pelle gene (named EsPelle) was identified for the first time from the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. The full-length cDNA of EsPelle is 3797 bp with a 3156 bp-long open reading frame that encodes a 1051 amino acid protein. EsPelle protein contains a death domain at the N-terminal and a serine/threonine kinase domain at the C-terminal. A neighbor joining phylogenetic tree showed that the EsPelle protein, which is closest to those of Scylla paramamosain Pelle and Litopenaeus vannamei Pelle, was clustered to a group of crustacean Pelle proteins. EsPelle was expressed in all tested tissues of normal crabs, and its expression was regulated in hemocytes and hepatopancreas of crabs challenged with lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, Staphyloccocus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Aeromonas hydrophila. Overexpression of EsPelle in Drosophila Schneider 2 cells could upregulate the expression of Drosophila antimicrobial peptides, namely, metchnikowin (Mtk), attacinA (Atta), drosomycin (Drs), and cecropinA (CecA). Moreover, EsPelle silencing by siRNA reduced the transcription of anti-lipopolysaccharide factor 1 and 2, crustin 2, and lysozyme in crabs challenged with V. parahaemolyticus. From the results, we speculated that EsPelle was involved in innate immune defense against V. parahaemolyticus in E. sinensis. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

An Opportunity to Get More Aid to Florida Students. Information Brief. Volume 7, Issue 2

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Florida Board of Governors, State University System, 2009

2009-01-01

Estimates indicate that more than one in five low-income State University System undergraduates may not be applying for federal Pell grants and other need-based awards for which they are likely eligible. It is estimated that thousands of Florida students with family incomes of $40,000 or less are probably eligible but are not applying for…

Federal Work-Study: Past Its Prime, or Ripe for Renewal? Evidence Speaks Reports, Vol 2, #16

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scott-Clayton, Judith

2017-01-01

The Federal Work-Study program was introduced as part of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, with the goal of enabling low-income students to work their way through college. It is thus one of the earliest forms of federal financial aid for college, pre-dating both Pell Grants and Stafford Loans. Since its inception, FWS has provided institutions…

Federal Student Aid: Progress in Integrating Pell Grant and Direct Student Loan Systems and Processes, but Critical Work Remains. Report to the Secretary of Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Powner, David A.

To address system problems and other management weaknesses, in 1998 Congress created the Office of Federal Student Aid (FSA) within the Department of Education. This office adopted a new approach to systems integration using middleware (software that can allow an application to access data residing indifferent databases) and Extensible Markup…

Discounting toward Disaster: Tuition Discounting, College Finances, and Enrollments of Low-Income Undergraduates. New Agenda Series[TM], Volume 3, Number 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Redd, Kenneth E.

To study the effects of college tuition discounting, data from annual Institutional Student Aid Surveys of private colleges and universities were compared to enrollment and Pell Grant data from the U.S. Department of Education. Findings indicated that: (1) at least one quarter of the colleges and universities used discounting strategies that…

The Consequences of Leaving Money on the Table: Examining Persistence among Students Who Do Not File a FAFSA

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Novak, Heather; McKinney, Lyle

2011-01-01

Every year, millions of students who would have qualified for financial aid do not complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). Discouragingly, many of these students come from lower-income families and would have qualified for Pell Grants that do not have to be repaid. Using data from the Beginning Postsecondary Students…

Envisioning a Modern Federal-State Partnership in the Reauthorization of the HEA as an Engine to Increase Social Mobility

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alexander, F. King; Arceneaux, Ashley

2015-01-01

Financial aid makes up the bulk of federal higher education spending, but do those dollars make a difference to needy students? A look at Federal Work-Study and Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant allocations show that a disproportionate amount of funding goes to private universities with high tuition and low Federal Pell Grant…

34 CFR 668.60 - Deadlines for submitting documentation and the consequences of failing to provide documentation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... period of time it or the Secretary specifies, the documentation set forth in § 668.57 that is requested... purposes of the Federal Pell Grant Program— (1) An applicant may submit a valid SAR to the institution or the institution may receive a valid ISIR after the applicable deadline specified in 34 CFR 690.61 but...

34 CFR 668.60 - Deadlines for submitting documentation and the consequences of failing to provide documentation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... period of time it or the Secretary specifies, the documentation set forth in § 668.57 that is requested... purposes of the Federal Pell Grant Program— (1) An applicant may submit a valid SAR to the institution or the institution may receive a valid ISIR after the applicable deadline specified in 34 CFR 690.61 but...

To Strengthen Higher Education, Boost Pell Grants, End Waste in Private Loan Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kennedy, Edward M.

2007-01-01

In this new era of globalization, it is more important than ever for the American citizens to have a college education so they can obtain good jobs and have a fair chance at the American Dream, but it is becoming increasingly difficult for them to get such an education--including in New England. According to the most recent report of the College…

On Pell, Pell-Lucas, and balancing numbers.

PubMed

Karadeniz Gözeri, Gül

2018-01-01

In this paper, we derive some identities on Pell, Pell-Lucas, and balancing numbers and the relationships between them. We also deduce some formulas on the sums, divisibility properties, perfect squares, Pythagorean triples involving these numbers. Moreover, we obtain the set of positive integer solutions of some specific Pell equations in terms of the integer sequences mentioned in the text.

Newport Pell Bridge traffic and revenue study

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-01-12

Jacobs Engineering conducted a traffic and toll revenue study for the Claiborne Pell Newport Bridge : (Newport Pell Bridge or Pell Bridge) upon the request of the Rhode Island Turnpike and Bridge : Authority (RITBA). This study is being c...

The protein kinase Pelle mediates feedback regulation in the Drosophila Toll signaling pathway.

PubMed

Towb, P; Bergmann, A; Wasserman, S A

2001-12-01

Dorsoventral polarity in the Drosophila embryo is established through a signal transduction cascade triggered in ventral and ventrolateral regions. Activation of a transmembrane receptor, Toll, leads to localized recruitment of the adaptor protein Tube and protein kinase Pelle. Signaling through these components directs degradation of the IkappaB-like inhibitor Cactus and nuclear translocation of the Rel protein Dorsal. Here we show through confocal immunofluorescence microscopy that Pelle functions to downregulate the signal-dependent relocalization of Tube. Inactivation of the Pelle kinase domain, or elimination of the Tube-Pelle interaction, dramatically increases Tube recruitment to the ventral plasma membrane in regions of active signaling. We also characterize a large collection of pelle alleles, identifying the molecular lesions in these alleles and their effects on Pelle autophosphorylation, Tube phosphorylation and Tube relocalization. Our results point to a mechanism operating to modulate the domain or duration of signaling downstream from Tube and Pelle.

Identification, characterization, and functional analysis of Tube and Pelle homologs in the mud crab Scylla paramamosain.

PubMed

Li, Xin-Cang; Zhang, Xiao-Wen; Zhou, Jun-Fang; Ma, Hong-Yu; Liu, Zhi-Dong; Zhu, Lei; Yao, Xiao-Juan; Li, Lin-Gui; Fang, Wen-Hong

2013-01-01

Tube and Pelle are essential components in Drosophila Toll signaling pathway. In this study, we characterized a pair of crustacean homologs of Tube and Pelle in Scylla paramamosain, namely, SpTube and SpPelle, and analyzed their immune functions. The full-length cDNA of SpTube had 2052 bp with a 1578 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein with 525 aa. A death domain (DD) and a kinase domain were predicted in the deduced protein. The full-length cDNA of SpPelle had 3825 bp with a 3420 bp ORF encoding a protein with 1140 aa. The protein contained a DD and a kinase domain. Two conserved repeat motifs previously called Tube repeat motifs present only in insect Tube or Tube-like sequences were found between these two domains. Alignments and structure predictions demonstrated that SpTubeDD and SpPelleDD significantly differed in sequence and 3D structure. Similar to TubeDD, SpTubeDD contained three common conserved residues (R, K, and R) on one surface that may mediate SpMyD88 binding and two common residues (A and A) on the other surface that may contribute to Pelle binding. By contrast, SpPelleDD lacked similar conservative residues. SpTube, insect Tube-like kinases, and human IRAK4 were found to be RD kinases with an RD dipeptide in the kinase domain. SpPelle, Pelle, insect Pelle-like kinases, and human IRAK1 were found to be non-RD kinases lacking an RD dipeptide. Both SpTube and SpPelle were highly expressed in hemocytes, gills, and hepatopancreas. Upon challenge, SpTube and SpPele were significantly increased in hemocytes by Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria, whereas only SpPelle was elevated by White Spot Syndrome Virus. The pull-down assay showed that SpTube can bind to both SpMyD88 and SpPelle. These results suggest that SpTube, SpPelle, and SpMyD88 may form a trimeric complex involved in the immunity of mud crabs against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

Identification, Characterization, and Functional Analysis of Tube and Pelle Homologs in the Mud Crab Scylla paramamosain

PubMed Central

Zhou, Jun-Fang; Ma, Hong-Yu; Liu, Zhi-Dong; Zhu, Lei; Yao, Xiao-Juan; Li, Lin-Gui; Fang, Wen-Hong

2013-01-01

Tube and Pelle are essential components in Drosophila Toll signaling pathway. In this study, we characterized a pair of crustacean homologs of Tube and Pelle in Scylla paramamosain, namely, SpTube and SpPelle, and analyzed their immune functions. The full-length cDNA of SpTube had 2052 bp with a 1578 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein with 525 aa. A death domain (DD) and a kinase domain were predicted in the deduced protein. The full-length cDNA of SpPelle had 3825 bp with a 3420 bp ORF encoding a protein with 1140 aa. The protein contained a DD and a kinase domain. Two conserved repeat motifs previously called Tube repeat motifs present only in insect Tube or Tube-like sequences were found between these two domains. Alignments and structure predictions demonstrated that SpTubeDD and SpPelleDD significantly differed in sequence and 3D structure. Similar to TubeDD, SpTubeDD contained three common conserved residues (R, K, and R) on one surface that may mediate SpMyD88 binding and two common residues (A and A) on the other surface that may contribute to Pelle binding. By contrast, SpPelleDD lacked similar conservative residues. SpTube, insect Tube-like kinases, and human IRAK4 were found to be RD kinases with an RD dipeptide in the kinase domain. SpPelle, Pelle, insect Pelle-like kinases, and human IRAK1 were found to be non-RD kinases lacking an RD dipeptide. Both SpTube and SpPelle were highly expressed in hemocytes, gills, and hepatopancreas. Upon challenge, SpTube and SpPele were significantly increased in hemocytes by Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria, whereas only SpPelle was elevated by White Spot Syndrome Virus. The pull-down assay showed that SpTube can bind to both SpMyD88 and SpPelle. These results suggest that SpTube, SpPelle, and SpMyD88 may form a trimeric complex involved in the immunity of mud crabs against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. PMID:24116143

Physical and functional interactions between Drosophila TRAF2 and Pelle kinase contribute to Dorsal activation.

PubMed

Shen, B; Liu, H; Skolnik, E Y; Manley, J L

2001-07-17

Signaling through the Toll receptor is required for dorsal/ventral polarity in Drosophila embryos, and also plays an evolutionarily conserved role in the immune response. Upon ligand binding, Toll appears to multimerize and activate the associated kinase, Pelle. However, the immediate downstream targets of Pelle have not been identified. Here we show that Drosophila tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (dTRAF2), a homologue of human TRAF6, physically and functionally interacts with Pelle, and is phosphorylated by Pelle in vitro. Importantly, dTRAF2 and Pelle cooperate to activate Dorsal synergistically in cotransfected Schneider cells. Deletion of the C-terminal TRAF domain of dTRAF2 enhances Dorsal activation, perhaps reflecting the much stronger interaction of the mutant protein with phosphorylated, active Pelle. Taken together, our results indicate that Pelle and dTRAF2 physically and functionally interact, and that the TRAF domain acts as a regulator of this interaction. dTRAF2 thus appears to be a downstream target of Pelle. We discuss these results in the context of Toll signaling in flies and mammals.

Efficiency Evaluations of U.S. Public Higher Education and Effects of State Funding and Pell Grants: Panel Data Estimates Using Two Stage Data Envelopment Analysis, 2004-2013 Academic Years

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sav, G. Thomas

2017-01-01

The Great Recession induced by the financial crisis accelerated the decades of declining state funding support for U.S. public higher education, while simultaneously bringing increased political pressures for demonstrating improvements in the operating efficiencies among all universities and colleges. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First,…

Drosophila Pelle phosphorylates Dichaete protein and influences its subcellular distribution in developing oocytes.

PubMed

Mutsuddi, Mousumi; Mukherjee, Ashim; Shen, Baohe; Manley, James L; Nambu, John R

2010-01-01

The Drosophila Dichaete gene encodes a member of the Sox family of high mobility group (HMG) domain proteins that have crucial gene regulatory functions in diverse developmental processes. The subcellular localization and transcriptional regulatory activities of Sox proteins can be regulated by several post-translational modifications. To identify genes that functionally interact with Dichaete, we undertook a genetic modifier screen based on a Dichaete gain-of-function phenotype in the adult eye. Mutations in several genes, including decapentaplegic, engrailed and pelle, behaved as dominant modifiers of this eye phenotype. Further analysis of pelle mutants revealed that loss of pelle function results in alterations in the distinctive cytoplasmic distribution of Dichaete protein within the developing oocyte, as well as defects in the elaboration of individual egg chambers. The death domain-containing region of the Pelle protein kinase was found to associate with both Dichaete and mouse Sox2 proteins, and Pelle can phosphorylate Dichaete protein in vitro. Overall, these findings reveal that maternal functions of pelle are essential for proper localization of Dichaete protein in the oocyte and normal egg chamber formation. Dichaete appears to be a novel phosphorylation substrate for Pelle and may function in a Pelle-dependent signaling pathway during oogenesis.

Federal Regulations and Higher Education Institutions: Comments from Western Colleges and Universities. A Report Prepared by the Staff of the Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education for the U.S. Secretary of Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education, Boulder, CO.

The opinions of representatives of 108 western colleges and universities concerning federal regulations in general, and Department of Education regulations in particular, were surveyed. The following areas of federal regulation appear to be of greatest concern to the western colleges and universities: student assistance, especially Pell Grants and…

Examining Zero Expected Family Contribution as a New Criterion for "Low Income": Comparing the Impact on Student Persistence at Two- and Four-Year Institutions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davidson, J. Cody

2015-01-01

The designation "low income" is often assigned to students who are Federal Pell Grant eligible; however, family incomes for these recipients range from $0 to as high as $60,000 (Baum & Payea, 2011). Over 93% of all zero expected family contribution (EFC) students have a family income of $30,000 or less and constituted 67.4% of all…

Evolutionary history and stress regulation of plant receptor-like kinase/pelle genes.

PubMed

Lehti-Shiu, Melissa D; Zou, Cheng; Hanada, Kousuke; Shiu, Shin-Han

2009-05-01

Receptor-Like Kinase (RLK)/Pelle genes play roles ranging from growth regulation to defense response, and the dramatic expansion of this family has been postulated to be crucial for plant-specific adaptations. Despite this, little is known about the history of or the factors that contributed to the dramatic expansion of this gene family. In this study, we show that expansion coincided with the establishment of land plants and that RLK/Pelle subfamilies were established early in land plant evolution. The RLK/Pelle family expanded at a significantly higher rate than other kinases, due in large part to expansion of a few subfamilies by tandem duplication. Interestingly, these subfamilies tend to have members with known roles in defense response, suggesting that their rapid expansion was likely a consequence of adaptation to fast-evolving pathogens. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) expression data support the importance of RLK/Pelles in biotic stress response. We found that hundreds of RLK/Pelles are up-regulated by biotic stress. Furthermore, stress responsiveness is correlated with the degree of tandem duplication in RLK/Pelle subfamilies. Our findings suggest a link between stress response and tandem duplication and provide an explanation for why a large proportion of the RLK/Pelle gene family is found in tandem repeats. In addition, our findings provide a useful framework for potentially predicting RLK/Pelle stress functions based on knowledge of expansion pattern and duplication mechanism. Finally, we propose that the detection of highly variable molecular patterns associated with specific pathogens/parasites is the main reason for the up-regulation of hundreds of RLK/Pelles under biotic stress.

The recurrence sequences via Sylvester matrices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karaduman, Erdal; Deveci, Ömür

2017-07-01

In this work, we define the Pell-Jacobsthal-Slyvester sequence and the Jacobsthal-Pell-Slyvester sequence by using the Slyvester matrices which are obtained from the characteristic polynomials of the Pell and Jacobsthal sequences and then, we study the sequences defined modulo m. Also, we obtain the cyclic groups and the semigroups from the generating matrices of these sequences when read modulo m and then, we derive the relationships among the orders of the cyclic groups and the periods of the sequences. Furthermore, we redefine Pell-Jacobsthal-Slyvester sequence and the Jacobsthal-Pell-Slyvester sequence by means of the elements of the groups and then, we examine them in the finite groups.

Reauthorization of the Higher Education Act, Title IV General Provisions/Needs Analysis, Volume 4. Hearings before the Subcommittee on Postsecondary Education of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives, Ninety-Ninth Congress, First Session (July 17, August 1, 1985).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Committee on Education and Labor.

Hearings on reauthorization of the Higher Education Act of 1965 focus on the needs analysis system for student aid programs. One proposal recommends restructuring the Pell Grant Program to target its support on low-income students and to make it more sensitive to the costs of different types of colleges. Recommendations include: implementing a…

Federal Student Aid Formula: Cost-of-Living Adjustment Could Increase Aid to a Small Percentage of Students in High-Cost Areas but Could Also Further Complicate Aid Process. Report to Congressional Committees. GAO-09-825

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

US Government Accountability Office, 2009

2009-01-01

In fiscal year 2008, the Department of Education oversaw the distribution of approximately $96 billion in federal student financial aid, including $14.6 billion in Pell Grants to low- and middle-income students, to help students and their families pay for higher-education expenses. Much of this aid was distributed based on a formula specified in…

For-Profit Colleges: Undercover Testing Finds Colleges Encouraged Fraud and Engaged in Deceptive and Questionable Marketing Practices. Testimony before the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, U.S. Senate. GAO-10-948T

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kutz, Gregory D.

2010-01-01

Enrollment in for-profit colleges has grown from about 365,000 students to almost 1.8 million in the last several years. These colleges offer degrees and certifications in programs ranging from business administration to cosmetology. In 2009, students at for-profit colleges received more than $4 billion in Pell Grants and more than $20 billion in…

Veterans and Pell Grant Eligibility in 1982. Joint Hearing before the Subcommittee on Postsecondary Education of the Committee on Education and Labor and the Subcommittee on Education, Training and Employment of the Committee on Veterans Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-Seventh Congress, Second Session. Serial No. 97-81.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Committee on Education and Labor.

This is a Congressional hearing to review and receive comment on H.R. 6190, legislation that would amend Title 38, United States Code, to exempt GI bill educational benefits from the determination of a veteran's eligibility for Federal educational benefits. Testimony includes statements, prepared statements, letters, and supplemental materials…

The Door That Claiborne Pell Opened

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Macy, Beth

2009-01-01

Claiborne Pell lived in a waterfront house in Newport, Rhode Island. The Princeton-educated senator came from such old money that his people once owned much of New York's Westchester County and the Bronx. Having grown up in a roach-ridden house, it didn't seem to the author that she and Pell inhabited the same universe. Even so, when she learned…

Assembly of oligomeric death domain complexes during Toll receptor signaling.

PubMed

Moncrieffe, Martin C; Grossmann, J Günter; Gay, Nicholas J

2008-11-28

The Drosophila Toll receptor is activated by the endogenous protein ligand Spätzle in response to microbial stimuli in immunity and spatial cues during embryonic development. Downstream signaling is mediated by the adaptor proteins Tube, the kinase Pelle, and the Drosophila homologue of myeloid differentiation primary response protein (dMyD88). Here we have characterized heterodimeric (dMyD88-Tube) and heterotrimeric (dMyD88-Tube-Pelle) death domain complexes. We show that both the heterodimeric and heterotrimeric complexes form kidney-shaped structures and that Tube is bivalent and has separate high affinity binding sites for dMyD88 and Pelle. Additionally we found no interaction between the isolated death domains of Pelle and dMyD88. These results indicate that the mode of assembly of the heterotrimeric dMyD88-Tube-Pelle complex downstream of the activated Toll receptor is unique. The measured dissociation constants for the interaction between the death domains of dMyD88 and Tube and of Pelle and a preformed dMyD88-Tube complex are used to propose a model of the early postreceptor events in Drosophila Toll receptor signaling.

Assembly of Oligomeric Death Domain Complexes during Toll Receptor Signaling*

PubMed Central

Moncrieffe, Martin C.; Grossmann, J. Günter; Gay, Nicholas J.

2008-01-01

The Drosophila Toll receptor is activated by the endogenous protein ligand Spätzle in response to microbial stimuli in immunity and spatial cues during embryonic development. Downstream signaling is mediated by the adaptor proteins Tube, the kinase Pelle, and the Drosophila homologue of myeloid differentiation primary response protein (dMyD88). Here we have characterized heterodimeric (dMyD88-Tube) and heterotrimeric (dMyD88-Tube-Pelle) death domain complexes. We show that both the heterodimeric and heterotrimeric complexes form kidney-shaped structures and that Tube is bivalent and has separate high affinity binding sites for dMyD88 and Pelle. Additionally we found no interaction between the isolated death domains of Pelle and dMyD88. These results indicate that the mode of assembly of the heterotrimeric dMyD88-Tube-Pelle complex downstream of the activated Toll receptor is unique. The measured dissociation constants for the interaction between the death domains of dMyD88 and Tube and of Pelle and a preformed dMyD88-Tube complex are used to propose a model of the early postreceptor events in Drosophila Toll receptor signaling. PMID:18829464

Formation and biochemical characterization of tube/pelle death domain complexes: critical regulators of postreceptor signaling by the Drosophila toll receptor.

PubMed

Schiffmann, D A; White, J H; Cooper, A; Nutley, M A; Harding, S E; Jumel, K; Solari, R; Ray, K P; Gay, N J

1999-09-07

In Drosophila, the Toll receptor signaling pathway is required for embryonic dorso-ventral patterning and at later developmental stages for innate immune responses. It is thought that dimerization of the receptor by binding of the ligand spätzle causes the formation of a postreceptor activation complex at the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane. Two components of this complex are the adaptor tube and protein kinase pelle. These proteins both have "death domains", protein interaction motifs found in a number of signaling pathways, particularly those involved in apoptotic cell death. It is thought that pelle is bound by tube during formation of the activation complexes, and that this interaction is mediated by the death domains. In this paper, we show using the yeast two-hybrid system that the wild-type tube and pelle death domains bind together. Mutant tube proteins which do not support signaling in the embryo are also unable to bind pelle in the 2-hybrid assay. We have purified proteins corresponding to the death domains of tube and pelle and show that these form corresponding heterodimeric complexes in vitro. Partial proteolysis reveals a smaller core consisting of the minimal death domain sequences. We have studied the tube/pelle interaction with the techniques of surface plasmon resonance, analytical ultracentrifugation and isothermal titration calorimetry. These measurements produce a value of K(d) for the complex of about 0.5 microM.

Linear signaling in the Toll-Dorsal pathway of Drosophila: activated Pelle kinase specifies all threshold outputs of gene expression while the bHLH protein Twist specifies a subset.

PubMed

Stathopoulos, Angelike; Levine, Michael

2002-07-01

Differential activation of the Toll receptor leads to the formation of a broad Dorsal nuclear gradient that specifies at least three patterning thresholds of gene activity along the dorsoventral axis of precellular embryos. We investigate the activities of the Pelle kinase and Twist basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor in transducing Toll signaling. Pelle functions downstream of Toll to release Dorsal from the Cactus inhibitor. Twist is an immediate-early gene that is activated upon entry of Dorsal into nuclei. Transgenes misexpressing Pelle and Twist were introduced into different mutant backgrounds and the patterning activities were visualized using various target genes that respond to different thresholds of Toll-Dorsal signaling. These studies suggest that an anteroposterior gradient of Pelle kinase activity is sufficient to generate all known Toll-Dorsal patterning thresholds and that Twist can function as a gradient morphogen to establish at least two distinct dorsoventral patterning thresholds. We discuss how the Dorsal gradient system can be modified during metazoan evolution and conclude that Dorsal-Twist interactions are distinct from the interplay between Bicoid and Hunchback, which pattern the anteroposterior axis.

The RLK/Pelle family of kinases.

PubMed

Gish, Lindsey A; Clark, Steven E

2011-04-01

The RLK/Pelle class of proteins kinases is composed of over 600 members in Arabidopsis. Many of the proteins in this family are receptor-like kinases (RLK), while others have lost their extracellular domains and are found as cytoplasmic kinases. Proteins in this family that are RLKs have a variety of extracellular domains that drive function in a large number of processes, from cell wall interactions to disease resistance to developmental control. This review will briefly cover the major subclasses of RLK/Pelle proteins and their roles. In addition, two specific groups on RLKs will be discussed in detail, relating recent findings in Arabidopsis and how well these conclusions have been able to be translated to agronomically important species. Finally, some details on kinase activity and signal transduction will be addressed, along with the mystery of RLK/Pelle members lacking kinase enzymatic activity. © 2011 The Authors. The Plant Journal © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Expansion of the receptor-like kinase/Pelle gene family and receptor-like proteins in Arabidopsis.

PubMed

Shiu, Shin Han; Bleecker, Anthony B

2003-06-01

Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) are a family of transmembrane proteins with versatile N-terminal extracellular domains and C-terminal intracellular kinases. They control a wide range of physiological responses in plants and belong to one of the largest gene families in the Arabidopsis genome with more than 600 members. Interestingly, this gene family constitutes 60% of all kinases in Arabidopsis and accounts for nearly all transmembrane kinases in Arabidopsis. Analysis of four fungal, six metazoan, and two Plasmodium sp. genomes indicates that the family was represented in all but fungal genomes, indicating an ancient origin for the family with a more recent expansion only in the plant lineages. The RLK/Pelle family can be divided into several subfamilies based on three independent criteria: the phylogeny based on kinase domain sequences, the extracellular domain identities, and intron locations and phases. A large number of receptor-like proteins (RLPs) resembling the extracellular domains of RLKs are also found in the Arabidopsis genome. However, not all RLK subfamilies have corresponding RLPs. Several RLK/Pelle subfamilies have undergone differential expansions. More than 33% of the RLK/Pelle members are found in tandem clusters, substantially higher than the genome average. In addition, 470 of the RLK/Pelle family members are located within the segmentally duplicated regions in the Arabidopsis genome and 268 of them have a close relative in the corresponding regions. Therefore, tandem duplications and segmental/whole-genome duplications represent two of the major mechanisms for the expansion of the RLK/Pelle family in Arabidopsis.

A Generalization of Generalized Fibonacci and Generalized Pell Numbers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abd-Elhameed, W. M.; Zeyada, N. A.

2017-01-01

This paper is concerned with developing a new class of generalized numbers. The main advantage of this class is that it generalizes the two classes of generalized Fibonacci numbers and generalized Pell numbers. Some new identities involving these generalized numbers are obtained. In addition, the two well-known identities of Sury and Marques which…

Presence of Tube isoforms in Litopenaeus vannamei suggests various regulatory patterns of signal transduction in invertebrate NF-κB pathway.

PubMed

Li, Chaozheng; Chen, Yixiao; Weng, Shaoping; Li, Sedong; Zuo, Hongliang; Yu, Xiaoqiang; Li, Haoyang; He, Jianguo; Xu, Xiaopeng

2014-02-01

The toll-like receptor (TLR)/NF-κB signaling pathways play critical roles in the innate immune system. The intracellular signal transduction of most TLR pathways in invertebrate cells is triggered by formation of a heterotrimeric complex composed of MyD88, Tube and Pelle. In this study, we identified a Litopenaeus vannamei Pelle (LvPelle) and an isoform of L. vannamei Tube (LvTube) designated as LvTube-1. The interactions among LvPelle, LvTube/LvTube-1 and LvMyD88/LvMyD88-1 were elucidated and their functions during pathogen infections were investigated. Knockdowns of LvPelle and LvTube/LvTube-1 using RNAi strategy led to higher mortalities of shrimps during Vibrio parahemolyticus infection, and could reduce the genome copy number of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in the infected muscle tissue but did not affect the mortality caused by WSSV infection. The effects of LvPelle and LvTube/LvTube-1 on promoters containing NF-κB binding motifs were analyzed by dual-luciferase reporter assays and the results demonstrated that LvTube-1 could activate the NF-κB activity to significantly higher level than LvTube did. Moreover, tissue distributions of LvTube and LvTube-1 mRNAs and their expression profiles during pathogen and immune stimulant challenges were different, indicating that they could play different roles in immune responses. This is the first report of Tube isoforms in invertebrates. Together with our previous study on LvMyD88 isoforms, our results suggest that various isoforms of adaptor components may be involved in various regulatory patterns of signal transduction in invertebrate TLR/NF-κB pathway and this could be a strategy adopted by invertebrates to modulate immune responses. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fibonacci-Pell Hybridities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Koshy, Thomas; Gao, Zhenguang

2012-01-01

We develop a recurrence satisfied by the Fibonacci and Pell families. We then use it to find explicit formulae and generating functions for the hybrids "F[subscript n]P[subscript n]", "L[subscript n]P[subscript n]", "F[subscript n]Q[subscript n]" and "L[subscript n]Q[subscript n]", where "F[subscript n]", "L[subscript n]", "P[subscript n]" and…

How Cultural Capital, Habitus, and Social Capital Impacts Pell-Eligible Vermont Students in Navigating the Financial Systems of Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

De Freitas, Xavier

2017-01-01

With the US recovering from a recession, a college diploma has become more valuable to avoid unemployment. Despite a college degree's importance, the access to higher education is a challenge for lower income Pell-Eligible Vermont students. For the past three decades, higher education continues to rise in cost faster than family income. Cost is…

Laser material micro-working (LMμW): some new surface processes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Daurelio, G.; D'Alonzo, M.

2007-05-01

On the last recent years many new Laser Surface Processes have been studied and tested in the field of the L.M. μW. - Laser Material Micro Working. Still today many of these "young" processes are to study and more and more searches are dedicated to they. These are the Marking, Texturing, Fine Texturing, Filling, Polishing, Micro Shot-Penning, Silking and Colouring. This experimental work reports the results obtained in the field of the Laser Surface Fine Texturing on AISI 304 and 430 Stainless Steels by using a Marking System, that is a Nd:YAG Laser, VECTORMARK type by TRUMPH ( D ). So some new laser surface finishes, called by Authors, - Effetto tessuto, con trama e ordito (Woven effect, with weft and warp) - Effetto pelle scamosciata ( Effect shammy leather ) - Effetto pelle uncinata ( Effect hooked skin ) - Effetto pelle unghiata ( Effect skin looking like scratch ) - Effetto pelle damascata ( Effect damask skin ) - Effetto speculare , ottonato ( Specular effect, looking like brass ) Effetto speculare, bronzato ( specular effect looking like bronze ) - Effetto speculare, argenteo ( specular, looking like silver effect ) - Effetto speculare, ramato ( Specular effect, looking like copper ), Effetto Speculare, dorato ( Specular effect, looking like gold ) - Effetto speculare , dorato, a raggiera ( Specular effect, looking like gold, to aureole) , were carried out. The work is still in progress.

Pellino enhances innate immunity in Drosophila.

PubMed

Haghayeghi, Amirhossein; Sarac, Amila; Czerniecki, Stefan; Grosshans, Jörg; Schöck, Frieder

2010-01-01

The innate immune response is a defense mechanism against infectious agents in both vertebrates and invertebrates, and is in part mediated by the Toll pathway. Toll receptor activation upon exposure to bacteria causes stimulation of Pelle/IRAK kinase, eventually resulting in translocation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB to the nucleus. Here we show that Pellino, a highly conserved protein interacting with activated Pelle/IRAK, acts as a positive regulator of innate immunity in Drosophila.

Retention of community college students in online courses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krajewski, Sarah

The issue of attrition in online courses at higher learning institutions remains a high priority in the United States. A recent rapid growth of online courses at community colleges has been instigated by student demand, as they meet the time constraints many nontraditional community college students have as a result of the need to work and care for dependents. Failure in an online course can cause students to become frustrated with the college experience, financially burdened, or to even give up and leave college. Attrition could be avoided by proper guidance of who is best suited for online courses. This study examined factors related to retention (i.e., course completion) and success (i.e., receiving a C or better) in an online biology course at a community college in the Midwest by operationalizing student characteristics (age, race, gender), student skills (whether or not the student met the criteria to be placed in an AFP course), and external factors (Pell recipient, full/part time status, first term) from the persistence model developed by Rovai. Internal factors from this model were not included in this study. Both univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the variables. Results suggest that race and Pell recipient were both predictive of course completion on univariate analyses. However, multivariate analyses showed that age, race, academic load and first term were predictive of completion and Pell recipient was no longer predictive. The univariate results for the C or better showed that age, race, Pell recipient, academic load, and meeting AFP criteria were predictive of success. Multivariate analyses showed that only age, race, and Pell recipient were significant predictors of success. Both regression models explained very little (<15%) of the variability within the outcome variables of retention and success. Therefore, although significant predictors were identified for course completion and retention, there are still many factors that remain unaccounted for in both regression models. Further research into the operationalization of Rovai's model, including internal factors, to predict completion and success is necessary.

7 CFR 1778.11 - Maximum grants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Maximum grants. 1778.11 Section 1778.11 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) EMERGENCY AND IMMINENT COMMUNITY WATER ASSISTANCE GRANTS § 1778.11 Maximum grants. (a) Grants not...

13 CFR 130.440 - Maximum grant.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Maximum grant. 130.440 Section 130.440 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT CENTERS § 130.440 Maximum grant. No recipient shall receive an SBDC grant exceeding the greater of the minimum...

13 CFR 130.440 - Maximum grant.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Maximum grant. 130.440 Section 130.440 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT CENTERS § 130.440 Maximum grant. No recipient shall receive an SBDC grant exceeding the greater of the minimum...

40 CFR 35.349 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants Pollution Prevention State Grants (section 6605) § 35.349 Maximum federal share. The federal share for Pollution Prevention State Grants will not exceed 50 percent of the allowable pollution prevention State grant project cost. Water Quality Cooperative...

40 CFR 35.349 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 35.349 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants Pollution Prevention State Grants (section 6605) § 35.349 Maximum federal share. The federal share for Pollution Prevention State Grants will not exceed...

40 CFR 35.669 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 35.669 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants for Tribes Pollution Prevention Grants (section 6605) § 35.669 Maximum federal share. The federal share for Pollution Prevention Grants will not exceed...

40 CFR 35.669 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 35.669 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants for Tribes Pollution Prevention Grants (section 6605) § 35.669 Maximum federal share. The federal share for Pollution Prevention Grants will not exceed...

40 CFR 35.349 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 35.349 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants Pollution Prevention State Grants (section 6605) § 35.349 Maximum federal share. The federal share for Pollution Prevention State Grants will not exceed...

78 FR 64232 - Notice of Adjustment of Disaster Grant Amounts

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-28

... maximum amount of any Small Project Grant made to State, Tribal, and local governments or to the owner or... Disaster Grant Amounts AGENCY: Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: FEMA gives notice of an increase of the maximum amount for Small Project Grants made to State, Tribal, and...

Identification of Pectin Degrading Enzymes Secreted by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Determination of Their Role in Virulence on Rice.

PubMed

Tayi, Lavanya; Maku, Roshan V; Patel, Hitendra Kumar; Sonti, Ramesh V

2016-01-01

Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae (Xoo) causes the serious bacterial blight disease of rice. Xoo secretes a repertoire of plant cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) like cellulases, xylanases, esterases etc., which act on various components of the rice cell wall. The major cellulases and xylanases secreted by Xoo have been identified and their role in virulence has been determined. In this study, we have identified some of the pectin degrading enzymes of Xoo and assessed their role in virulence. Bioinformatics analysis indicated the presence of four pectin homogalacturonan (HG) degrading genes in the genome of Xoo. The four HG degrading genes include one polygalacturonase (pglA), one pectin methyl esterase (pmt) and two pectate lyases (pel and pelL). There was no difference in the expression of pglA, pmt and pel genes by laboratory wild type Xoo strain (BXO43) grown in either nutrient rich PS medium or in plant mimic XOM2 medium whereas the expression of pelL gene was induced in XOM2 medium as indicated by qRT-PCR experiments. Gene disruption mutations were generated in each of these four genes. The polygalacturonase mutant pglA- was completely deficient in degrading the substrate Na-polygalacturonicacid (PGA). Strains carrying mutations in the pmt, pel and pelL genes were as efficient as wild type Xoo (BXO43) in cleaving PGA. These observations clearly indicate that PglA is the major pectin degrading enzyme produced by Xoo. The pectin methyl esterase, Pmt, is the pectin de-esterifying enzyme secreted by Xoo as evident from the enzymatic activity assay performed using pectin as the substrate. Mutations in the pglA, pmt, pel and pelL genes have minimal effects on virulence. This suggests that, as compared to cellulases and xylanases, the HG degrading enzymes may not have a major role in the pathogenicity of Xoo.

Identification of Pectin Degrading Enzymes Secreted by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Determination of Their Role in Virulence on Rice

PubMed Central

Tayi, Lavanya; Maku, Roshan V.; Patel, Hitendra Kumar; Sonti, Ramesh V.

2016-01-01

Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae (Xoo) causes the serious bacterial blight disease of rice. Xoo secretes a repertoire of plant cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) like cellulases, xylanases, esterases etc., which act on various components of the rice cell wall. The major cellulases and xylanases secreted by Xoo have been identified and their role in virulence has been determined. In this study, we have identified some of the pectin degrading enzymes of Xoo and assessed their role in virulence. Bioinformatics analysis indicated the presence of four pectin homogalacturonan (HG) degrading genes in the genome of Xoo. The four HG degrading genes include one polygalacturonase (pglA), one pectin methyl esterase (pmt) and two pectate lyases (pel and pelL). There was no difference in the expression of pglA, pmt and pel genes by laboratory wild type Xoo strain (BXO43) grown in either nutrient rich PS medium or in plant mimic XOM2 medium whereas the expression of pelL gene was induced in XOM2 medium as indicated by qRT-PCR experiments. Gene disruption mutations were generated in each of these four genes. The polygalacturonase mutant pglA- was completely deficient in degrading the substrate Na-polygalacturonicacid (PGA). Strains carrying mutations in the pmt, pel and pelL genes were as efficient as wild type Xoo (BXO43) in cleaving PGA. These observations clearly indicate that PglA is the major pectin degrading enzyme produced by Xoo. The pectin methyl esterase, Pmt, is the pectin de-esterifying enzyme secreted by Xoo as evident from the enzymatic activity assay performed using pectin as the substrate. Mutations in the pglA, pmt, pel and pelL genes have minimal effects on virulence. This suggests that, as compared to cellulases and xylanases, the HG degrading enzymes may not have a major role in the pathogenicity of Xoo. PMID:27907079

40 CFR 35.415 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.415 Section 35.415 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants Water Quality Management Planning Grants...

40 CFR 35.415 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.415 Section 35.415 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants Water Quality Management Planning Grants...

40 CFR 35.669 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants for Tribes Pollution Prevention Grants (section 6605) § 35.669 Maximum federal share. The federal share for Pollution Prevention Grants will not exceed 50 percent of the allowable Tribe and Intertribal Consortium Pollution Prevention project cost...

40 CFR 35.421 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.421 Section 35.421 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants State Response Program Grants (cercla Section...

40 CFR 35.738 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.738 Section 35.738 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants for Tribes Tribal Response Program Grants...

40 CFR 35.421 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.421 Section 35.421 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants State Response Program Grants (cercla Section...

40 CFR 35.738 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.738 Section 35.738 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants for Tribes Tribal Response Program Grants...

40 CFR 35.738 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.738 Section 35.738 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants for Tribes Tribal Response Program Grants...

40 CFR 35.421 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.421 Section 35.421 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants State Response Program Grants (cercla Section...

40 CFR 35.421 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.421 Section 35.421 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants State Response Program Grants (cercla Section...

40 CFR 35.738 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.738 Section 35.738 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants for Tribes Tribal Response Program Grants...

40 CFR 35.738 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.738 Section 35.738 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants for Tribes Tribal Response Program Grants...

40 CFR 35.421 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.421 Section 35.421 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants State Response Program Grants (cercla Section...

7 CFR 1740.4 - Maximum amounts of grants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Maximum amounts of grants. 1740.4 Section 1740.4 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PUBLIC TELEVISION STATION DIGITAL TRANSITION GRANT PROGRAM Public Television Station Digital...

7 CFR 1740.4 - Maximum amounts of grants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Maximum amounts of grants. 1740.4 Section 1740.4 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PUBLIC TELEVISION STATION DIGITAL TRANSITION GRANT PROGRAM Public Television Station Digital...

7 CFR 1703.124 - Maximum and minimum grant amounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Maximum and minimum grant amounts. 1703.124 Section 1703.124 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE RURAL DEVELOPMENT Distance Learning and Telemedicine Grant Program § 1703.124...

7 CFR 1703.124 - Maximum and minimum grant amounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Maximum and minimum grant amounts. 1703.124 Section 1703.124 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE RURAL DEVELOPMENT Distance Learning and Telemedicine Grant Program § 1703.124...

7 CFR 1703.124 - Maximum and minimum grant amounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Maximum and minimum grant amounts. 1703.124 Section 1703.124 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE RURAL DEVELOPMENT Distance Learning and Telemedicine Grant Program § 1703.124...

7 CFR 1703.124 - Maximum and minimum grant amounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Maximum and minimum grant amounts. 1703.124 Section 1703.124 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE RURAL DEVELOPMENT Distance Learning and Telemedicine Grant Program § 1703.124...

7 CFR 1703.124 - Maximum and minimum grant amounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Maximum and minimum grant amounts. 1703.124 Section 1703.124 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE RURAL DEVELOPMENT Distance Learning and Telemedicine Grant Program § 1703.124...

7 CFR 3570.66 - Determining the maximum grant assistance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... maximum grant assistance. (a) Responsibility. State Directors are responsible for determining the....63(b); (2) Minimum amount sufficient to provide for economic feasibility as determined in accordance...

40 CFR 35.725 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.725 Section 35.725 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE... Grants (pub.l. 105-276) § 35.725 Maximum federal share. The Regional Administrator may provide up to 100...

Breaking Down the Door: A Nonprofit Model Creating Pathways for Non-Traditional STEM Student Engagement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pelaez, C.; Pelaez, J.

2015-12-01

Blueprint Earth was created as a nonprofit scientific research organization dedicated to conducting micro-scale interdisciplinary environmental investigations to generate macroscopic, system-level environmental understanding. The field data collection and analysis process was conceived to be dependent on student participation and collaboration with more senior scientists, effecting knowledge transfer and emphasizing the critical nature of interdisciplinary research in investigating complex, macroscopic questions. Recruiting for student volunteer researchers is conducted in academic institutions, and to date has focused primarily on the Los Angeles area. Self-selecting student participation has run contrary to traditional STEM demographics. The vast majority of research participants in Blueprint Earth's work are female and/or from a minority (non-white) background, and most are first-generation college students or from low-income, Pell grant-eligible households. Traditional field research programs for students often come at a high cost, creating barriers to access for field-based STEM opportunities. The nonprofit model employed by Blueprint Earth provides zero-cost access to opportunity for students that the STEM world is currently targeting for future professional development.

Fostering Creativity through Collaboration: Polar Learning and Responding Climate Change Education Partnership

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pfirman, S. L.; Brunacini, J.; Hernandez, T.; Bachrach, E.

2014-12-01

Blueprint Earth was created as a nonprofit scientific research organization dedicated to conducting micro-scale interdisciplinary environmental investigations to generate macroscopic, system-level environmental understanding. The field data collection and analysis process was conceived to be dependent on student participation and collaboration with more senior scientists, effecting knowledge transfer and emphasizing the critical nature of interdisciplinary research in investigating complex, macroscopic questions. Recruiting for student volunteer researchers is conducted in academic institutions, and to date has focused primarily on the Los Angeles area. Self-selecting student participation has run contrary to traditional STEM demographics. The vast majority of research participants in Blueprint Earth's work are female and/or from a minority (non-white) background, and most are first-generation college students or from low-income, Pell grant-eligible households. Traditional field research programs for students often come at a high cost, creating barriers to access for field-based STEM opportunities. The nonprofit model employed by Blueprint Earth provides zero-cost access to opportunity for students that the STEM world is currently targeting for future professional development.

40 CFR 35.145 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 35.145 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants Air Pollution Control (section 105) § 35.145 Maximum federal share. (a) The Regional Administrator may provide air pollution control agencies, as...

40 CFR 35.145 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 35.145 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants Air Pollution Control (section 105) § 35.145 Maximum federal share. (a) The Regional Administrator may provide air pollution control agencies, as...

40 CFR 35.145 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 35.145 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants Air Pollution Control (section 105) § 35.145 Maximum federal share. (a) The Regional Administrator may provide air pollution control agencies, as...

The IRAK homolog Pelle is the functional counterpart of IκB kinase in the Drosophila Toll pathway.

PubMed

Daigneault, Jessica; Klemetsaune, Liv; Wasserman, Steven A

2013-01-01

Toll receptors transduce signals that activate Rel-family transcription factors, such as NF-κB, by directing proteolytic degradation of inhibitor proteins. In mammals, the IκB Kinase (IKK) phosphorylates the inhibitor IκBα. A βTrCP protein binds to phosphorylated IκBα, triggering ubiquitination and proteasome mediated degradation. In Drosophila, Toll signaling directs Cactus degradation via a sequence motif that is highly similar to that in IκBα, but without involvement of IKK. Here we show that Pelle, the homolog of a mammalian regulator of IKK, acts as a Cactus kinase. We further find that the fly βTrCP protein Slimb is required in cultured cells to mediate Cactus degradation. These findings enable us for the first time to trace an uninterrupted pathway from the cell surface to the nucleus for Drosophila Toll signaling.

The IRAK Homolog Pelle Is the Functional Counterpart of IκB Kinase in the Drosophila Toll Pathway

PubMed Central

Daigneault, Jessica; Klemetsaune, Liv; Wasserman, Steven A.

2013-01-01

Toll receptors transduce signals that activate Rel-family transcription factors, such as NF-κB, by directing proteolytic degradation of inhibitor proteins. In mammals, the IκB Kinase (IKK) phosphorylates the inhibitor IκBα. A βTrCP protein binds to phosphorylated IκBα, triggering ubiquitination and proteasome mediated degradation. In Drosophila, Toll signaling directs Cactus degradation via a sequence motif that is highly similar to that in IκBα, but without involvement of IKK. Here we show that Pelle, the homolog of a mammalian regulator of IKK, acts as a Cactus kinase. We further find that the fly βTrCP protein Slimb is required in cultured cells to mediate Cactus degradation. These findings enable us for the first time to trace an uninterrupted pathway from the cell surface to the nucleus for Drosophila Toll signaling. PMID:24086459

40 CFR 35.364 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.364 Section 35.364 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants Water Quality Cooperative Agreements (section...

40 CFR 35.364 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.364 Section 35.364 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants Water Quality Cooperative Agreements (section...

Calculating length of gestation from the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcome Reporting System (SART CORS) database versus vital records may alter reported rates of prematurity.

PubMed

Stern, Judy E; Kotelchuck, Milton; Luke, Barbara; Declercq, Eugene; Cabral, Howard; Diop, Hafsatou

2014-05-01

To compare length of gestation after assisted reproductive technology (ART) as calculated by three methods from the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcome Reporting System (SART CORS) and vital records (birth and fetal death) in the Massachusetts Pregnancy to Early Life Longitudinal Data System (PELL). Historical cohort study. Database linkage analysis. Live or stillborn deliveries. None. ART deliveries were linked to live birth or fetal death certificates. Length of gestation in 7,171 deliveries from fresh autologous ART cycles (2004-2008) was calculated and compared with that of SART CORS with the use of methods: M1 = outcome date - cycle start date; M2 = outcome date - transfer date + 17 days; and M3 = outcome date - transfer date + 14 days + day of transfer. Generalized estimating equation models were used to compare methods. Singleton and multiple deliveries were included. Overall prematurity (delivery <37 weeks) varied by method of calculation: M1 29.1%; M2 25.6%; M3 25.2%; and PELL 27.2%. The SART methods, M1-M3, varied from those of PELL by ≥ 3 days in >45% of deliveries and by more than 1 week in >22% of deliveries. Each method differed from each other. Estimates of preterm birth in ART vary depending on source of data and method of calculation. Some estimates may overestimate preterm birth rates for ART conceptions. Copyright © 2014 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

7 CFR 1778.11 - Maximum grants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... quantity of potable water, or an anticipated acute shortage or significant decline, cannot exceed $150,000... 7 Agriculture 12 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Maximum grants. 1778.11 Section 1778.11 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE...

On the Possible Link between Vitamin D Deficiency and Cardiovascular Disease

MedlinePlus

... the Possible Link Between Vitamin D Deficiency and Cardiovascular Disease Should We D-Lighten Our Lives? Pelle G. ... Individuals with heart failure, hypertension, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases (CVD) tend to have lower vitamin D levels ...

40 CFR 35.735 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... percent of the approved work plan costs. Tribal Response Program Grants (CERCLA Section 128(A)) Source: 74... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.735 Section 35.735 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE...

40 CFR 35.735 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... percent of the approved work plan costs. Tribal Response Program Grants (CERCLA Section 128(A)) Source: 74... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.735 Section 35.735 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE...

40 CFR 35.735 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... percent of the approved work plan costs. Tribal Response Program Grants (CERCLA Section 128(A)) Source: 74... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.735 Section 35.735 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE...

40 CFR 35.735 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... percent of the approved work plan costs. Tribal Response Program Grants (CERCLA Section 128(A)) Source: 74... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.735 Section 35.735 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE...

40 CFR 35.735 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... percent of the approved work plan costs. Tribal Response Program Grants (CERCLA Section 128(A)) Source: 74... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.735 Section 35.735 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE...

42 CFR 57.207 - Maximum amount of health professions student loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Maximum amount of health professions student loans. 57.207 Section 57.207 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS GRANTS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF TEACHING FACILITIES, EDUCATIONAL IMPROVEMENTS, SCHOLARSHIPS AND STUDENT...

Honoring the life of Claiborne Pell, distinguished former Senator from the State of Rhode Island.

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Rep. Miller, George [D-CA-7

2009-01-13

House - 03/06/2009 Referred to the Subcommittee on Higher Education, Lifelong Learning, and Competitiveness. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status Agreed to in HouseHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Holding the Edge: Maintaining the Defense Technology Base. Summary

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-04-01

Arizona CLAIBORNE PELL GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. Rhode Island California TED STEVENS JOHN D. DINGELL Alaska Michigan ORRIN G. HATCH DON SUNDQUIST Utah Tennessee...acknowledged. JON IBBONS Director Defense Technology Base Advisory Panel Walter B. Laberge , Chair Vice President of Corporate Development Lockheed Corp

77 FR 61423 - Notice of Adjustment of Disaster Grant Amounts

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-09

... any Small Project Grant made to the State, local government, or to the owner or operator of an... Disaster Grant Amounts AGENCY: Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: FEMA gives notice of an increase of the maximum amount for Small Project Grants to State and local...

Transition V & VI in Alabama: A Profile of Commitment. State Conference Proceedings.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Browning, Philip; Rabren, Karen

This publication provides information on the Alabama Transition Initiative for students with disabilities, including papers presented at two statewide transition conferences. Conference papers include: (1) "Pell City School System's Community Transition Team Model" (Deloris Frasier); (2) "Alabama's MH/MR Service Coordinators in…

75 FR 62135 - Notice of Adjustment of Disaster Grant Amounts

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-07

... amount of any Small Project Grant made to the State, local government, or to the owner or operator of an... Disaster Grant Amounts AGENCY: Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: FEMA gives notice of an increase of the maximum amount for Small Project Grants to State and local...

Fast Track to College Success. State-Federal Partnerships in Postsecondary Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barry, Mary Nguyen

2016-01-01

This brief focuses on 12th grade students who are ready for postsecondary work, but are spending unnecessary time in high school. The brief discusses options for paying for the transition, including K-12 funds reimbursing families for tuition or 12th graders being eligible for Pell.

Ethics of Engagement: User-Centered Design and Rhetorical Methodology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Salvo, Michael J.

2001-01-01

Explores the shift from observation of users to participation with users, describing and investigating three examples of user-centered design practice in order to consider the new ethical demands being made of technical communicators. Explores Pelle Ehn's participatory design method, Roger Whitehouse's design of tactile signage for blind users,…

7 CFR 3400.4 - How to apply for a grant.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...-character maximum), yet represent the major thrust of the research. This title will be used to provide... materials must be identified with the title of the research project as it appears in the Grant Application... AGRICULTURE SPECIAL RESEARCH GRANTS PROGRAM General § 3400.4 How to apply for a grant. (a) A request for...

7 CFR 3400.4 - How to apply for a grant.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...-character maximum), yet represent the major thrust of the research. This title will be used to provide... materials must be identified with the title of the research project as it appears in the Grant Application... AGRICULTURE SPECIAL RESEARCH GRANTS PROGRAM General § 3400.4 How to apply for a grant. (a) A request for...

7 CFR 3400.4 - How to apply for a grant.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...-character maximum), yet represent the major thrust of the research. This title will be used to provide... materials must be identified with the title of the research project as it appears in the Grant Application... AGRICULTURE SPECIAL RESEARCH GRANTS PROGRAM General § 3400.4 How to apply for a grant. (a) A request for...

40 CFR 35.385 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants State Wetlands Development Grants (section 104(b... for the development or refinement of a wetlands protection and management program. State...

40 CFR 35.385 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants State Wetlands Development Grants (section 104(b... for the development or refinement of a wetlands protection and management program. State...

40 CFR 35.385 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants State Wetlands Development Grants (section 104(b... for the development or refinement of a wetlands protection and management program. State...

40 CFR 35.604 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants for Tribes Water Quality Cooperative Agreements... percent of approved work plan costs. Wetlands Development Grant Program (Section 104(b)(3)) ...

40 CFR 35.604 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants for Tribes Water Quality Cooperative Agreements... percent of approved work plan costs. Wetlands Development Grant Program (Section 104(b)(3)) ...

40 CFR 35.604 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants for Tribes Water Quality Cooperative Agreements... percent of approved work plan costs. Wetlands Development Grant Program (Section 104(b)(3)) ...

40 CFR 35.604 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants for Tribes Water Quality Cooperative Agreements... percent of approved work plan costs. Wetlands Development Grant Program (Section 104(b)(3)) ...

40 CFR 35.615 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants for Tribes Wetlands Development Grant Program... plan costs for the development or refinement of a wetlands protection and management program. Nonpoint...

40 CFR 35.615 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants for Tribes Wetlands Development Grant Program... plan costs for the development or refinement of a wetlands protection and management program. Nonpoint...

40 CFR 35.615 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants for Tribes Wetlands Development Grant Program... plan costs for the development or refinement of a wetlands protection and management program. Nonpoint...

7 CFR 4284.1009 - Limitations on awards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GRANTS Agriculture Innovation Demonstration Centers § 4284.1009 Limitations on awards. The maximum grant award for an agriculture innovation center shall be...

7 CFR 4284.1009 - Limitations on awards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GRANTS Agriculture Innovation Demonstration Centers § 4284.1009 Limitations on awards. The maximum grant award for an agriculture innovation center shall be...

7 CFR 4284.1009 - Limitations on awards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GRANTS Agriculture Innovation Demonstration Centers § 4284.1009 Limitations on awards. The maximum grant award for an agriculture innovation center shall be...

7 CFR 4284.1009 - Limitations on awards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GRANTS Agriculture Innovation Demonstration Centers § 4284.1009 Limitations on awards. The maximum grant award for an agriculture innovation center shall be...

7 CFR 4284.1009 - Limitations on awards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GRANTS Agriculture Innovation Demonstration Centers § 4284.1009 Limitations on awards. The maximum grant award for an agriculture innovation center shall be...

Three Studies on Student Outcomes in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cannon, Russell

2016-01-01

This dissertation contains chapters that explore higher education policy issues related to student outcomes. In the first chapter, I examine the results of a controlled randomized trial of a brief, inexpensive phone call outreach to a sample of Pell eligible students at the University of Missouri intended to increase FAFSA filing, on-time FAFSA…

Evaluation of recycled bioplastic pellets and a sprayable formulation for application of an Aspergillus flavus biocontrol strain

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Biocontrol of Aspergillus flavus using inoculated bioplastic granules has been proven to be effective under laboratory and field conditions. In the present study, the use of low-density pellets from recycled bioplastic as a biocontrol strain carrier was evaluated. Applying recycled bioplastic pell...

The Oklahoma's Promise Program: A National Model to Promote College Persistence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mendoza, Pilar; Mendez, Jesse P.

2013-01-01

Using a multi-method approach involving fixed effects and logistic regressions, this study examined the effect of the Oklahoma's Promise Program on student persistence in relation to the Pell and Stafford federal programs and according to socio-economic characteristics and class level. The Oklahoma's Promise is a hybrid state program that pays…

Graduates of Denver Public Schools: College Access and Success

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buckley, Pamela; Muraskin, Lana

2009-01-01

Denver Public Schools (DPS), the Denver Scholarship Foundation, The Piton Foundation, and the Pell Institute for the Study of Opportunity in Higher Education undertook a study to learn how DPS graduates perform in college. The report describes who enrolls in college, and who persists and earns a college certificate or degree. In addition, the…

Toll Receptor-Mediated Hippo Signaling Controls Innate Immunity in Drosophila.

PubMed

Liu, Bo; Zheng, Yonggang; Yin, Feng; Yu, Jianzhong; Silverman, Neal; Pan, Duojia

2016-01-28

The Hippo signaling pathway functions through Yorkie to control tissue growth and homeostasis. How this pathway regulates non-developmental processes remains largely unexplored. Here, we report an essential role for Hippo signaling in innate immunity whereby Yorkie directly regulates the transcription of the Drosophila IκB homolog, Cactus, in Toll receptor-mediated antimicrobial response. Loss of Hippo pathway tumor suppressors or activation of Yorkie in fat bodies, the Drosophila immune organ, leads to elevated cactus mRNA levels, decreased expression of antimicrobial peptides, and vulnerability to infection by Gram-positive bacteria. Furthermore, Gram-positive bacteria acutely activate Hippo-Yorkie signaling in fat bodies via the Toll-Myd88-Pelle cascade through Pelle-mediated phosphorylation and degradation of the Cka subunit of the Hippo-inhibitory STRIPAK PP2A complex. Our studies elucidate a Toll-mediated Hippo signaling pathway in antimicrobial response, highlight the importance of regulating IκB/Cactus transcription in innate immunity, and identify Gram-positive bacteria as extracellular stimuli of Hippo signaling under physiological settings. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

24 CFR 290.27 - Up-front grants and loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... may provide up-front grants and loans for rehabilitation, demolition, rebuilding and other related... determination that such a grant or loan, plus any additional project-based assistance made available, would be more cost-effective than the use of the maximum permissible project-based rental assistance alone. (b...

40 CFR 35.705 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants for Tribes Indoor Radon Grants (section 306... up to 75 percent of the approved costs for the development and implementation of radon program...

7 CFR 1775.67 - Allocation of funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE GRANTS Solid Waste Management Grants § 1775.67 Allocation of funds. The maximum amount for a single applicant for a Solid Waste Management project will be 25 percent...

7 CFR 3401.6 - How to apply for a grant.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... (80-character maximum), yet represent the major thrust of the research. This title will be used to... be identified with the title of the research project as it appears in the Application for Funding and... AGRICULTURE RANGELAND RESEARCH GRANTS PROGRAM General § 3401.6 How to apply for a grant. (a) General. After...

7 CFR 3401.6 - How to apply for a grant.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... (80-character maximum), yet represent the major thrust of the research. This title will be used to... be identified with the title of the research project as it appears in the Application for Funding and... AGRICULTURE RANGELAND RESEARCH GRANTS PROGRAM General § 3401.6 How to apply for a grant. (a) General. After...

7 CFR 3401.6 - How to apply for a grant.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... (80-character maximum), yet represent the major thrust of the research. This title will be used to... must be identified with the title of the research project as it appears in the Application for Funding... AGRICULTURE RANGELAND RESEARCH GRANTS PROGRAM General § 3401.6 How to apply for a grant. (a) General. After...

7 CFR 3401.6 - How to apply for a grant.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... (80-character maximum), yet represent the major thrust of the research. This title will be used to... be identified with the title of the research project as it appears in the Application for Funding and... AGRICULTURE RANGELAND RESEARCH GRANTS PROGRAM General § 3401.6 How to apply for a grant. (a) General. After...

Alternative Fuels Data Center

Science.gov Websites

Alternative Fuel Vehicle Conversion Grant Program The Ohio Environmental Protection Agency will administer a one-time, $5 million grant program to replace or convert Class 7 and Class 8 diesel or gasoline time. Maximum grant awards will be 50% of the fuel components of the new vehicle or 50% of the cost of

40 CFR 35.175 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.175 Section 35.175 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE...)) § 35.175 Maximum federal share. The Regional Administrator may provide a maximum of 75 percent of the...

40 CFR 35.195 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.195 Section 35.195 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE... 1443(b)) § 35.195 Maximum federal share. The Regional Administrator may provide a maximum of 75 percent...

36 CFR 20.3 - Maximum number of permittees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Maximum number of permittees... INTERIOR ISLE ROYALE NATIONAL PARK; COMMERCIAL FISHING § 20.3 Maximum number of permittees. Commercial fishermen to whom the annual revocable permits may be granted shall not exceed the maximum number of persons...

77 FR 26241 - Announcement of Grant Application Deadlines and Funding Levels

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-03

... window for Fiscal Year (FY) 2012. In addition, RUS announces the minimum and maximum amounts for... supplement existing projects are welcomed (grant applications must be submitted during the application window...

Teaching the Tacit Knowledge of Programming to Novices with Natural Language Tutoring

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lane, H. Chad; VanLehn, Kurt

2005-01-01

For beginning programmers, inadequate problem solving and planning skills are among the most salient of their weaknesses. In this paper, we test the efficacy of natural language tutoring to teach and scaffold acquisition of these skills. We describe ProPL (Pro-PELL), a dialogue-based intelligent tutoring system that elicits goal decompositions and…

Mathematics and Science Test Gaps. Pell Institute Fact Sheet. Updated

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pell Institute for the Study of Opportunity in Higher Education, 2011

2011-01-01

Data is reported as percentages in 4th, 8th, and 12th grades based on proficiency in the subject ("Below Basic," "At Basic," "At Proficient", or "At Advanced"). "Low-income" on this data sheet means students who qualify for the National School Lunch Program. Both math and science data are from 2009…

Interactions among Gift-Aid Programs in Indiana.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Klein, Stephen P.; And Others

A study was done of the Lilly Endowment Educational Awards (LEEAs), one type of gift-aid for fulltime undergraduate Indiana residents. In particular the study addressed: (1) who receives LEEAs; (2) how Pell, State of Indiana, and LEEA formulas interact; (3) what happens when LEEAs are combined with all of the other types of gift-aid for a total…

A resolution relative to the death of the Honorable Claiborne de Borda Pell, former United States Senator for the State of Rhode Island.

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Sen. Reid, Harry [D-NV

2009-01-06

Senate - 01/06/2009 Submitted in the Senate, considered, and agreed to without amendment and with a preamble by Unanimous Consent. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status Agreed to in SenateHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Economic Diversity in Elite Higher Education: Do No-Loan Programs Impact Pell Enrollments?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hillman, Nicholas W.

2013-01-01

Several wealthy colleges and universities have recently begun removing all loans from low-income students' financial aid packages. This article reports on a study that found that the introduction of "no-loan" policies has positively impacted low-income enrollments, suggesting that this aid strategy may be an effective, though limited,…

75 FR 34720 - Notice of Intent To Prepare an Environmental Impact Statement and To Conduct Public Scoping...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-18

.... Requests to speak at any one or more public scoping meeting(s) should be received by Dr. Jerry Pell at the... Statement and To Conduct Public Scoping Meetings, and Notice of Floodplains and Wetlands Involvement... an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) and to conduct Public Scoping Meetings; Notice of Floodplains...

40 CFR 35.585 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants for Tribes Water Pollution Control (sections 106... water pollution control program. (b) The Regional Administrator may increase the maximum federal share...

40 CFR 35.585 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants for Tribes Water Pollution Control (sections 106... water pollution control program. (b) The Regional Administrator may increase the maximum federal share...

40 CFR 35.585 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants for Tribes Water Pollution Control (sections 106... water pollution control program. (b) The Regional Administrator may increase the maximum federal share...

40 CFR 35.585 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants for Tribes Water Pollution Control (sections 106... water pollution control program. (b) The Regional Administrator may increase the maximum federal share...

40 CFR 35.585 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants for Tribes Water Pollution Control (sections 106... water pollution control program. (b) The Regional Administrator may increase the maximum federal share...

7 CFR 3400.4 - How to apply for a grant.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...-character maximum), yet represent the major thrust of the research. This title will be used to provide...). Each set of such materials must be identified with the title of the research project as it appears in... AGRICULTURE SPECIAL RESEARCH GRANTS PROGRAM General § 3400.4 How to apply for a grant. (a) A request for...

40 CFR 35.2205 - Maximum allowable project cost.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Maximum allowable project cost. 35.2205... ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Grants for Construction of Treatment Works § 35.2205 Maximum allowable... regulation, the maximum allowable project cost will be the sum of: (1) The allowable cost of the following...

Study of the temperature rise induced by a focusing transducer with a wide aperture angle on biological tissue containing ribs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xin, Wang; Jiexing, Lin; Xiaozhou, Liu; Jiehui, Liu; Xiufen, Gong

2016-04-01

We used the spheroidal beam equation to calculate the sound field created by focusing a transducer with a wide aperture angle to obtain the heat deposition, and then we used the Pennes bioheat equation to calculate the temperature field in biological tissue with ribs and to ascertain the effects of rib parameters on the temperature field. The results show that the location and the gap width between the ribs have a great influence on the axial and radial temperature rise of multilayer biological tissue. With a decreasing gap width, the location of the maximum temperature rise moves forward; as the ribs are closer to the transducer surface, the sound energy that passes through the gap between the ribs at the focus decreases, the maximum temperature rise decreases, and the location of the maximum temperature rise moves forward with the ribs. Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2012CB921504 and 2011CB707902), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11274166), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (Grant No. 020414380001), the Fund from State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. SKLA201401), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2013M531313), and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and SRF for ROCS, SEM.

How to Apply for Grants

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

A large part of EPA's mission to protect the environment and public health is accomplished by awarding grants and cooperative agreements. It is EPA's policy to promote competition in the award of assistance agreements to the maximum extent practicable.

40 CFR 35.705 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.705 Section 35.705 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE...) § 35.705 Maximum federal share. The Regional Administrator may provide Tribes and Intertribal Consortia...

The Effects of Personality Dissimilarity on Mission Readiness

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-01

clarity, feelings of belonging, and inclusion (Canales, 2000; Hobman et al., 2003; Jehn, Northcraft, & Neale, 1999; Pelled, 1996). Dissimilarity also...organization’s commitment to diversity and inclusion and manifested by fair policies and practices and appropriate interpersonal treatment (Barak, Cherin...experience inclusion . THE EFFECTS OF PERSONALITY DISSIMILARITY 16 Following Gonzalez and Denisi (2009), we suggest that the negative impact of

Role of Hunk and Punc in Breast Cancer and Mammary Development

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-08-01

of the 4 small cell lung carcinoma cell lines, but is detected in only one of ten other lung cancer cell Lung < branchio adeno Kids ml Pell CNS PNCK 3...polarity in Schizosaccharomyces Schnurch, H., and Risau, W. (1993). Expression of tie-2, a member of porn be. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87: 8272-8276

Responses compete and collaborate, shaping each others' distributions: Commentary on Boakes, Patterson, Kendig, and Harris (2015).

PubMed

Pellón, Ricardo; Killeen, Peter R

2015-10-01

Boakes, Patterson, Kendig, and Harris (2015) showed that schedule-induced drinking (SID), typically concentrated in the first half of the interpellet interval, is not moved there exclusively by competition from magazine entries, and that not all arbitrary responses can be maintained by adventitious reinforcement. They attribute such inferences to Killeen and Pellón (2013) and Patterson and Boakes (2012), and on that basis reject their explanation for the excessive nature of many adjunctive responses as a result of reinforcement. It is a mistaken attribution, as Killeen and Pellón emphasized that reinforcers act on many competing interim and terminal responses. That attribution is a minor oversight on the authors' part; their return to a discredited motivational account is, however, a major blunder. It discards the seminal recent advances in understanding the nature of schedule-induced responses (e.g., those of Patterson and Boakes), and even the positive contributions of their own article: Their data show very strong correlations between magazine entries and drinking, providing much more evidence for response competition than their microanalysis provides against it. (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).

The grapevine kinome: annotation, classification and expression patterns in developmental processes and stress responses.

PubMed

Zhu, Kaikai; Wang, Xiaolong; Liu, Jinyi; Tang, Jun; Cheng, Qunkang; Chen, Jin-Gui; Cheng, Zong-Ming Max

2018-01-01

Protein kinases (PKs) have evolved as the largest family of molecular switches that regulate protein activities associated with almost all essential cellular functions. Only a fraction of plant PKs, however, have been functionally characterized even in model plant species. In the present study, the entire grapevine kinome was identified and annotated using the most recent version of the grapevine genome. A total of 1168 PK-encoding genes were identified and classified into 20 groups and 121 families, with the RLK-Pelle group being the largest, with 872 members. The 1168 kinase genes were unevenly distributed over all 19 chromosomes, and both tandem and segmental duplications contributed to the expansion of the grapevine kinome, especially of the RLK-Pelle group. Ka/Ks values indicated that most of the tandem and segmental duplication events were under purifying selection. The grapevine kinome families exhibited different expression patterns during plant development and in response to various stress treatments, with many being coexpressed. The comprehensive annotation of grapevine kinase genes, their patterns of expression and coexpression, and the related information facilitate a more complete understanding of the roles of various grapevine kinases in growth and development, responses to abiotic stress, and evolutionary history.

40 CFR 35.265 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.265 Section 35.265 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE....265 Maximum federal share. The Regional Administrator may provide up to 60 percent of the approved...

40 CFR 35.715 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.715 Section 35.715 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE... Monitoring (section 28) § 35.715 Maximum federal share. The Regional Administrator may provide up to 75...

40 CFR 35.295 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.295 Section 35.295 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE... Maximum federal share. The Regional Administrator may provide State agencies up to 50 percent of the...

40 CFR 35.649 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.649 Section 35.649 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE... and Training (section 23(a)(2)) § 35.649 Maximum federal share. The Regional Administrator may provide...

40 CFR 35.604 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (section 104(b)(3)) § 35.604 Maximum federal share. The Regional Administrator may provide up to 100 percent of approved work plan costs. Wetlands Development Grant Program (Section 104(b)(3)) ...

Establishment of Maximum Voluntary Compressive Neck Tolerance Levels

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-07-01

Bridges Casey Pirnstill Chris Burneka John Plaga Grant Roush Biosciences and Performance Division Vulnerability Analysis Branch July 2011...S) Michael Cote, John Buhrman, Nathaniel Bridges, Casey Pirnstill, Chris Burneka, John Plaga , Grant Roush 5d. PROJECT NUMBER OSMS 5e. TASK

40 CFR 35.575 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 35.575 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants for Tribes Air Pollution Control (section 105... approved costs of planning, developing, establishing, or improving an air pollution control program, and up...

40 CFR 35.575 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 35.575 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants for Tribes Air Pollution Control (section 105... approved costs of planning, developing, establishing, or improving an air pollution control program, and up...

40 CFR 35.245 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.245 Section 35.245 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE... (section 23(a)(2)) § 35.245 Maximum federal share. The Regional Administrator may provide up to 50 percent...

40 CFR 35.385 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.385 Section 35.385 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE...)(3)) § 35.385 Maximum federal share. EPA may provide up to 75 percent of the approved work plan costs...

40 CFR 35.235 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.235 Section 35.235 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE...)(1)) § 35.235 Maximum federal share. The Regional Administrator may provide up to 100 percent of the...

40 CFR 35.642 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.642 Section 35.642 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE... (section 23(a)(1)) § 35.642 Maximum federal share. The Regional Administrator may provide up to 100 percent...

40 CFR 35.315 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.315 Section 35.315 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE... 28) § 35.315 Maximum federal share. The Regional Administrator may provide up to 75 percent of the...

40 CFR 35.615 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.615 Section 35.615 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE... (section 104(b)(3)) § 35.615 Maximum federal share. EPA may provide up to 75 percent of the approved work...

40 CFR 35.215 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.215 Section 35.215 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE...)) § 35.215 Maximum federal share. The Regional Administrator may provide up to 75 percent of the approved...

40 CFR 35.335 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.335 Section 35.335 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE...)(2)) § 35.335 Maximum federal share. The Regional Administrator may provide up to 75 percent of the...

40 CFR 35.659 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.659 Section 35.659 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE... (section 23(a)(1)) § 35.659 Maximum federal share. The Regional Administrator may provide up to 100 percent...

40 CFR 35.252 - Maximum federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Maximum federal share. 35.252 Section 35.252 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE...)(1)) § 35.252 Maximum federal share. The Regional Administrator may provide up to 100 percent of the...

Building Future Security: Strategies for Restructuring the Defense Technology and Industrial Base.

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-06-01

Beardsley Headquarters Air Force Logistics Command Wright- Patterson AFB, Ohio Don Carson TASC Arlington, VA William Clark Defense Systems Management...Vice Chairman Senate EDWARD M. KENNEDY Massachusetts ERNEST F. HOLLINGS South Carolina CLAIBORNE PELL Rhode Island ORRIN G. HATCH Utah...President TASC Julius Harwood Consultant William W. Kaufmann Senior Fellow The Brookings Institution General P.X. Kelley USMC (Ret.) James L

40 CFR 35.408 - Award limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... management of a substantial portion of the State's construction grants program. The maximum amount of permit... Regional Administrator allows for full funding of the management of the construction grant program under... Award limitations. The Regional Administrator will not award section 205(g) funds: (a) For construction...

40 CFR 35.408 - Award limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... management of a substantial portion of the State's construction grants program. The maximum amount of permit... Regional Administrator allows for full funding of the management of the construction grant program under... Award limitations. The Regional Administrator will not award section 205(g) funds: (a) For construction...

40 CFR 35.408 - Award limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... management of a substantial portion of the State's construction grants program. The maximum amount of permit... Regional Administrator allows for full funding of the management of the construction grant program under... Award limitations. The Regional Administrator will not award section 205(g) funds: (a) For construction...

75 FR 1832 - Assistance to Small Shipyards Grant Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-13

... AGENCY: Maritime Administration, Department of Transportation, Office of Shipyards and Marine Technology...,000 appropriated for the program is reserved for program administration.) Such grants may not be used... production employees. The Maritime Administration will seek to obtain the maximum benefit from the available...

40 CFR 35.2205 - Maximum allowable project cost.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Maximum allowable project cost. 35.2205... project cost. (a) Grants awarded on or after the effective date of this regulation. Except as provided in... regulation, the maximum allowable project cost will be the sum of: (1) The allowable cost of the following...

40 CFR 35.2205 - Maximum allowable project cost.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Maximum allowable project cost. 35.2205... project cost. (a) Grants awarded on or after the effective date of this regulation. Except as provided in... regulation, the maximum allowable project cost will be the sum of: (1) The allowable cost of the following...

40 CFR 35.2205 - Maximum allowable project cost.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Maximum allowable project cost. 35.2205... project cost. (a) Grants awarded on or after the effective date of this regulation. Except as provided in... regulation, the maximum allowable project cost will be the sum of: (1) The allowable cost of the following...

40 CFR 35.2205 - Maximum allowable project cost.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Maximum allowable project cost. 35.2205... project cost. (a) Grants awarded on or after the effective date of this regulation. Except as provided in... regulation, the maximum allowable project cost will be the sum of: (1) The allowable cost of the following...

Pelle Modulates dFoxO-Mediated Cell Death in Drosophila.

PubMed

Wu, Chenxi; Chen, Yujun; Wang, Feng; Chen, Changyan; Zhang, Shiping; Li, Chaojie; Li, Wenzhe; Wu, Shian; Xue, Lei

2015-10-01

Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases (IRAKs) are crucial mediators of the IL-1R/TLR signaling pathways that regulate the immune and inflammation response in mammals. Recent studies also suggest a critical role of IRAKs in tumor development, though the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Pelle is the sole Drosophila IRAK homolog implicated in the conserved Toll pathway that regulates Dorsal/Ventral patterning, innate immune response, muscle development and axon guidance. Here we report a novel function of pll in modulating apoptotic cell death, which is independent of the Toll pathway. We found that loss of pll results in reduced size in wing tissue, which is caused by a reduction in cell number but not cell size. Depletion of pll up-regulates the transcription of pro-apoptotic genes, and triggers caspase activation and cell death. The transcription factor dFoxO is required for loss-of-pll induced cell death. Furthermore, loss of pll activates dFoxO, promotes its translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus, and up-regulates the transcription of its target gene Thor/4E-BP. Finally, Pll physically interacts with dFoxO and phosphorylates dFoxO directly. This study not only identifies a previously unknown physiological function of pll in cell death, but also shed light on the mechanism of IRAKs in cell survival/death during tumorigenesis.

77 FR 67723 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated; Order Granting...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-13

... Rule Change To Increase the Maximum Term for LEAPS to Fifteen Years November 6, 2012. I. Introduction... change to increase the maximum term for Long-Term Equity Options Series (``LEAPS'') to fifteen years. The.... Description of the Proposal Currently, the maximum term for equity and interest rate LEAPS is 36 months (three...

78 FR 66987 - Railroad Safety Technology Program Grant Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-07

... carriers, railroad suppliers, and State and local governments for projects that have a public benefit of... projects . . . that have a public benefit of improved safety and network efficiency.'' To be eligible for... million. This grant program has a maximum 80-percent Federal and minimum 20-percent grantee cost share...

Effects of a Weakly Interacting Light U Boson on Protoneutron Stars Including the Hyperon-Hyperon Interactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Zi; Xu, Yan; Zhang, Gui-Qing; Hu, Tao-Ping

2018-04-01

In the framework of the relativistic mean field theory including the hyperon-hyperon (YY) interactions, protoneutron stars with a weakly interacting light U boson are studied. The U-boson leads to the increase of the star maximum mass. The modification to the maximum mass by the U-boson with the strong YY interaction is larger than that with the weak YY interaction. The maximum mass of the protoneutron star is less sensitive to the U-boson than that of the neutron star. The inclusion of the U-boson narrows down the mass window for the hyperonized protoneutron stars. As g 2/μ 2 increases, the species of hyperons, which can appear in a stable protoneutron star decrease. The rotation frequency, the red shift, the momentum of inertia and the total neutrino fraction of PSR J1903-0327 are sensitive to the U-boson and change with g 2/μ 2 in an approximate linear trend. The possible way to constrain the coupling constants of the U-boson is discussed. Supported by Jiangsu Province Natural Science Foundation Youth Fund of China under Grant No. Bk20140982, National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 11447165, and Youth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No. 2016056, and the Development Project of Science and Technology of Jilin Province under Grant No. 20180520077JH

7 CFR 1703.133 - Maximum and minimum amounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Maximum and minimum amounts. 1703.133 Section 1703.133 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE RURAL DEVELOPMENT Distance Learning and Telemedicine Combination Loan and Grant...

7 CFR 1703.133 - Maximum and minimum amounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Maximum and minimum amounts. 1703.133 Section 1703.133 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE RURAL DEVELOPMENT Distance Learning and Telemedicine Combination Loan and Grant...

7 CFR 1703.133 - Maximum and minimum amounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Maximum and minimum amounts. 1703.133 Section 1703.133 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE RURAL DEVELOPMENT Distance Learning and Telemedicine Combination Loan and Grant...

7 CFR 1703.133 - Maximum and minimum amounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Maximum and minimum amounts. 1703.133 Section 1703.133 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE RURAL DEVELOPMENT Distance Learning and Telemedicine Combination Loan and Grant...

7 CFR 1703.133 - Maximum and minimum amounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Maximum and minimum amounts. 1703.133 Section 1703.133 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE RURAL DEVELOPMENT Distance Learning and Telemedicine Combination Loan and Grant...

Ocean Bottom Seismic Scattering

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-11-01

EPR, the Clipperton and Orozco fracture zones , and along the coast of Mexico, were recorded for a two month period using ocean bottom seismometers...67. Tuthill, J.D., Lewis, B.R., and Garmany, J.D., 1981, Stonely waves, Lopez Island noise, and deep sea noise from I to 5 hz, Marine Geophysical...Patrol Pell Marine Science Library d/o Coast Guard R & D Center University of Rhode Island Avery Point Narragansett Bay Campus Groton, CT 06340

25 CFR 1000.70 - What criteria will the Director use to rank the applications and how many maximum points can be...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Financial Assistance for Planning and Negotiation Grants for Non-BIA Programs Eligibility and Application Process § 1000.70 What criteria will the Director use to rank the applications and how many maximum points...

25 CFR 1000.70 - What criteria will the Director use to rank the applications and how many maximum points can be...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Financial Assistance for Planning and Negotiation Grants for Non-BIA Programs Eligibility and Application Process § 1000.70 What criteria will the Director use to rank the applications and how many maximum points...

25 CFR 1000.70 - What criteria will the Director use to rank the applications and how many maximum points can be...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Financial Assistance for Planning and Negotiation Grants for Non-BIA Programs Eligibility and Application Process § 1000.70 What criteria will the Director use to rank the applications and how many maximum points...

25 CFR 1000.70 - What criteria will the Director use to rank the applications and how many maximum points can be...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Financial Assistance for Planning and Negotiation Grants for Non-BIA Programs Eligibility and Application Process § 1000.70 What criteria will the Director use to rank the applications and how many maximum points...

24 CFR 1000.124 - What maximum and minimum rent or homebuyer payment can a recipient charge a low-income rental...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... assisted with NAHASDA grant amounts? 1000.124 Section 1000.124 Housing and Urban Development Regulations... Activities § 1000.124 What maximum and minimum rent or homebuyer payment can a recipient charge a low-income...

78 FR 35001 - Applications for New Awards; Charter Schools Program (CSP) Grants to Non-State Educational Agency...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-11

... applications (NIA) announces competitions for two different grants: (1) Planning, Program Design, and Initial... on how well the application meets Competitive Preference Priority 1, up to an additional two points... respond to one, two, or three of the priority areas but, in order to receive the maximum available points...

Distribution and Taxonomy of Zooplankton in the Alboran Sea and Adjacent Western Mediterranean: A Literature Survey and Field Guide

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-09-01

Distribution List for Technical Report Exchange I Attn: Stella Sanchez-Wade Pell Marine Science Library Documents Section University of Rhode IslandU...partly on the geographic distribution of marine laboratories on the coasts of these seas. Upwelling regions near Messina, Naples and Nice in the...into three main sections . The first considers gjneral patterns of zooplankton distribution. This is intended as an overview of hydrography, zooplankton

A gain-of-function screen for genes that influence axon guidance identifies the NF-kappaB protein dorsal and reveals a requirement for the kinase Pelle in Drosophila photoreceptor axon targeting.

PubMed

Mindorff, Elizabeth N; O'Keefe, David D; Labbé, Alain; Yang, Jennie Ping; Ou, Yimiao; Yoshikawa, Shingo; van Meyel, Donald J

2007-08-01

To identify novel regulators of nervous system development, we used the GAL4-UAS misexpression system in Drosophila to screen for genes that influence axon guidance in developing embryos. We mobilized the Gene Search (GS) P element and identified 42 lines with insertions in unique loci, including leak/roundabout2, which encodes an axon guidance receptor and confirms the utility of our screen. The genes we identified encode proteins of diverse classes, some acting near the cell surface and others in the cytoplasm or nucleus. We found that one GS line drove misexpression of the NF-kappaB transcription factor Dorsal, causing motor axons to bypass their correct termination sites. In the developing visual system, Dorsal misexpression also caused photoreceptor axons to reach incorrect positions within the optic lobe. This mistargeting occurred without observable changes of cell fate and correlated with localization of ectopic Dorsal in distal axons. We found that Dorsal and its inhibitor Cactus are expressed in photoreceptors, though neither was required for axon targeting. However, mutation analyses of genes known to act upstream of Dorsal revealed a requirement for the interleukin receptor-associated kinase family kinase Pelle for layer-specific targeting of photoreceptor axons, validating our screen as a means to identify new molecular determinants of nervous system development in vivo.

Universal Expression of Efficiency at Maximum Power: A Quantum-Mechanical Brayton Engine Working with a Single Particle Confined in a Power-Law Trap

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ye, Zhuo-Lin; Li, Wei-Sheng; Lai, Yi-Ming; He, Ji-Zhou; Wang, Jian-Hui

2015-12-01

We propose a quantum-mechanical Brayton engine model that works between two superposed states, employing a single particle confined in an arbitrary power-law trap as the working substance. Applying the superposition principle, we obtain the explicit expressions of the power and efficiency, and find that the efficiency at maximum power is bounded from above by the function: η+ = θ/(θ + 1), with θ being a potential-dependent exponent. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 11505091, 11265010, and 11365015, and the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation under Grant No. 20132BAB212009

78 FR 39062 - Group Lotus plc; Modification of a Temporary Exemption From an Advanced Air Bag Requirement of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-28

...-0086] Group Lotus plc; Modification of a Temporary Exemption From an Advanced Air Bag Requirement of... temporary exemption granted to Group Lotus plc (Lotus) on March 8, 2013. The agency granted Lotus an... Lotus Plc (Lotus) a temporary exemption from the higher maximum speed (56 km/h (35 mph)) belted test...

Time Resolved Resonance Raman Conference Royal Institution, London United Kingdom,

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-01-01

Royal Institution, London U. K. Pell Laboratories 1 urray Hill, New Jersey 07974 S he purpose of the conference was to brinq together a group of...Pdman crosrsection. _ $ 1EELI- This dcunant has been eyptoved Lf ? p bli7: r:lease and sale; Us D I tibution is uAiAt. r - ., ~~- rw r- r -w-r 2. Raman...bacteriorhodopsin are closesly connected with the polyenes since the bacteriorhodopsin chro-ophose consists of a protonated shift base polyene. It is of interest to

The Toll pathway is required in the epidermis for muscle development in the Drosophila embryo

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Halfon, M. S.; Keshishian, H.

1998-01-01

The Toll signaling pathway functions in several Drosophila processes, including dorsal-ventral pattern formation and the immune response. Here, we demonstrate that this pathway is required in the epidermis for proper muscle development. Previously, we showed that the zygotic Toll protein is necessary for normal muscle development; in the absence of zygotic Toll, close to 50% of hemisegments have muscle patterning defects consisting of missing, duplicated and misinserted muscle fibers (Halfon, M.S., Hashimoto, C., and Keshishian, H., Dev. Biol. 169, 151-167, 1995). We have now also analyzed the requirements for easter, spatzle, tube, and pelle, all of which function in the Toll-mediated dorsal-ventral patterning pathway. We find that spatzle, tube, and pelle, but not easter, are necessary for muscle development. Mutations in these genes give a phenotype identical to that seen in Toll mutants, suggesting that elements of the same pathway used for Toll signaling in dorsal-ventral development are used during muscle development. By expressing the Toll cDNA under the control of distinct Toll enhancer elements in Toll mutant flies, we have examined the spatial requirements for Toll expression during muscle development. Expression of Toll in a subset of epidermal cells that includes the epidermal muscle attachment cells, but not Toll expression in the musculature, is necessary for proper muscle development. Our results suggest that signals received by the epidermis early during muscle development are an important part of the muscle patterning process.

Toll immune signal activates cellular immune response via eicosanoids.

PubMed

Shafeeq, Tahir; Ahmed, Shabbir; Kim, Yonggyun

2018-07-01

Upon immune challenge, insects recognize nonself. The recognition signal will propagate to nearby immune effectors. It is well-known that Toll signal pathway induces antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gene expression. Eicosanoids play crucial roles in mediating the recognition signal to immune effectors by enhancing humoral immune response through activation of AMP synthesis as well as cellular immune responses, suggesting a functional cross-talk between Toll and eicosanoid signals. This study tested a cross-talk between these two signals. Two signal transducing factors (MyD88 and Pelle) of Toll immune pathway were identified in Spodoptera exigua. RNA interference (RNAi) of either SeMyD88 or SePelle expression interfered with the expression of AMP genes under Toll signal pathway. Bacterial challenge induced PLA 2 enzyme activity. However, RNAi of these two immune factors significantly suppressed the induction of PLA 2 enzyme activity. Furthermore, RNAi treatment prevented gene expression of cellular PLA 2 . Inhibition of PLA 2 activity reduced phenoloxidase activity and subsequent suppression in cellular immune response measured by hemocyte nodule formation. However, immunosuppression induced by RNAi of Toll signal molecules was significantly reversed by addition of arachidonic acid (AA), a catalytic product of PLA 2 . The addition also significantly reduced the enhanced fungal susceptibility of S. exigua treated by RNAi against two Toll signal molecules. These results indicate that there is a cross-talk between Toll and eicosanoid signals in insect immunity. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Engaging Community College Students Using an Engineering Learning Community

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maccariella, James, Jr.

The study investigated whether community college engineering student success was tied to a learning community. Three separate data collection sources were utilized: surveys, interviews, and existing student records. Mann-Whitney tests were used to assess survey data, independent t-tests were used to examine pre-test data, and independent t-tests, analyses of covariance (ANCOVA), chi-square tests, and logistic regression were used to examine post-test data. The study found students that participated in the Engineering TLC program experienced a significant improvement in grade point values for one of the three post-test courses studied. In addition, the analysis revealed the odds of fall-to-spring retention were 5.02 times higher for students that participated in the Engineering TLC program, and the odds of graduating or transferring were 4.9 times higher for students that participated in the Engineering TLC program. However, when confounding variables were considered in the study (engineering major, age, Pell Grant participation, gender, ethnicity, and full-time/part-time status), the analyses revealed no significant relationship between participation in the Engineering TLC program and course success, fall-to-spring retention, and graduation/transfer. Thus, the confounding variables provided alternative explanations for results. The Engineering TLC program was also found to be effective in providing mentoring opportunities, engagement and motivation opportunities, improved self confidence, and a sense of community. It is believed the Engineering TLC program can serve as a model for other community college engineering programs, by striving to build a supportive environment, and provide guidance and encouragement throughout an engineering student's program of study.

Alternative Fuels Data Center

Science.gov Websites

$250 million and the maximum grant funding is 50% of project costs. For more information, including current funding application deadlines, see the Biorefinery Assistance Program website. (Reference Public

Minority Participation and Retention in Higher Education. Hearing on Examining Certain Issues Relating to Minority Participation in Higher Education, Focusing on Student Aid Programs before the Subcommittee on Education, Arts, and Humanities of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources. United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Subcommittee on Education, Arts and Humanities.

This hearing transcript presents testimony concerning minority participation and retention in higher education with emphasis on implications for student aid programs. Oral testimony or prepared statements were presented by Senators Paul Simon, Claiborne Pell, and Carol Mosely-Braun. Testimony was also offered by: (1) the president and three…

A Recommendation for the Heavy Division Command Group

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-06-03

Numbers. To include contract from the Standard Distribution for and grant numbers; may include program Unclassified Scientific and Technical element...blank. C - Contract PR - Project G - Grant TA -Task PE - Program WU - Work Unit Block 13. Abstract, Include a brief (Maximum Element Accession No. 200...Ronald E. McConnell, M.B.A., M.A. Accepted this 3rd day of June 1994 by. A •" Director, Graduate Degree Philip Brooes, Ph.D. Program The opinions and

Scientific Analysis of Data for the ISTP/SOLARMAX Programs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lazarus, Alan J.

2001-01-01

This Grant supplemented our work on data analysis from the Wind spacecraft which was one of the ISTRIA fleet of spacecraft. It was targeted at observations related to the time of solar maximum in 2000. The work we proposed to do under this grant included comparison of solar wind parameters obtained from different spacecraft in order to establish correlation lengths appropriate to the solar wind and also to compare parameters to explore solar cycle effects.

Impacts of Stratospheric Dynamics on Atmospheric Behavior from the Ground to Space Solar Minimum and Solar Maximum

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-15

from the ground to space solar minimum and solar maximum 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER BAA-76-11-01 5b. GRANT NUMBER N00173-12-1G010 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT...atmospheric behavior from the ground to space under solar minimum and solar maximum conditions (Contract No.: N00173-12-1-G010 NRL) Project Summary...Dynamical response to solar radiative forcing is a crucial and poorly understood mechanisms. We propose to study the impacts of large dynamical events

Assimilation of GOES-Derived Cloud Fields Into MM5

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Biazar, A. P.; Doty, K. G.; McNider, R.

2007-12-01

This approach for the assimilation of GOES-derived cloud data into an atmospheric model (the Fifth-Generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model, or MM5) was performed in two steps. In the first step, multiple linear regression equations were developed using a control MM5 simulation to develop relationships for several dependent variables in model columns that had one or more layers of clouds. In the second step, the regression equations were applied during an MM5 simulation with assimilation in which the hourly GOES satellite data were used to determine the cloud locations and some of the cloud properties, but with all the other variables being determined by the model data. The satellite-derived fields used were shortwave cloud albedo and cloud top pressure. Ten multiple linear regression equations were developed for the following dependent variables: total cloud depth, number of cloud layers, depth of the layer that contains the maximum vertical velocity, the maximum vertical velocity, the height of the maximum vertical velocity, the estimated 1-h stable (i.e., grid scale) precipitation rate, the estimated 1-h convective precipitation rate, the height of the level with the maximum positive diabatic heating, the magnitude of the maximum positive diabatic heating, and the largest continuous layer of upward motion. The horizontal components of the divergent wind were adjusted to be consistent with the regression estimate of the maximum vertical velocity. The new total horizontal wind field with these new divergent components was then used to nudge an ongoing MM5 model simulation towards the target vertical velocity. Other adjustments included diabatic heating and moistening at specified levels. Where the model simulation had clouds when the satellite data indicated clear conditions, procedures were taken to remove or diminish the errant clouds. The results for the period of 0000 UTC 28 June - 0000 UTC 16 July 1999 for both a continental 32-km grid and an 8-km grid over the Southeastern United States indicate a significant improvement in the cloud bias statistics. The main improvement was the reduction of high bias values that indicated times and locations in the control run when there were model clouds but when the satellite indicated clear conditions. The importance of this technique is that it has been able to assimilate the observed clouds in the model in a dynamically sustainable manner. Acknowledgments. This work was partially funded by the following grants: a GEWEX grant from NASA , the Cooperative Agreement between the University of Alabama in Huntsville and the Minerals Management Service on Gulf of Mexico Issues, a NASA applications grant, and a NSF grant.

Exploration of Factors Affecting Success of Undergraduate Engineering Majors at a Historically Black University

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Igbinoba, Egheosa P.

Blacks are underrepresented amongst persons who earn college degrees in the United States and Black males attend and complete college at a lower rate than Black females (Toldson, Fry Brown, & Sutton, 2009). According to Toldson et al. (2009), this quandary may be attributed to Black males' apathy toward education in general, waning support and ideological challenges toward Pell Grants and affirmative action, cultural incompetency on the part of the 90% White, ethnic makeup of the U.S. teaching force, and the relatively high numbers of Black males who are held back in school. In spite of the dismal statistics regarding Black male academic achievement and matriculation, there are those Black males who do participate in postsecondary education. While many studies have highlighted reasons that Black males do not achieve success in attending and persisting through college, few have adopted the anti-deficit research framework suggested by Harper (2010), identifying reasons Black males do persist in higher education. Although science, technology, engineering, and mathematics careers are identified as those most imperative to the economic competitiveness of the United States, few studies have concentrated solely on engineering majors and fewer, if any, solely on Black male engineering majors at an historically Black college and university. The aim of this study was to address an apparent gap in the literature and invoke theories for recruitment, retention, and success of Black males in engineering degree programs by employing an anti-deficit achievement framework for research of students of color in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Data garnered from the study included insight into participants' definitions of success, precollege experiences, factors contributing to the persistence during undergraduate study, and perceptions of attending a historically Black college and university versus a primarily White institution.

Burkholderia mallei Cluster 1 Type VI Secretion Mutants Exhibit Growth and Actin Polymerization Defects in RAW 264.7 Murine Macrophages

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

mallei virAG; Kmr 45 pBHR4-GFP Broad-host-range vector containing gfp from pQBI T7 GFP (Quantum Biotech); Gmr 45 pBHR1-TG pBHR1 containing gfp...Bonanno, J. M. Sauder, S. Pukatzki, S. K. Burley, S. C. Almo, and J. J. Mekalanos. 2009. Type VI secretion apparatus and phage tail-associated protein...14251. 37. Pell, L. G., V. Kanelis, L. W. Donaldson, P. L. Howell, and A. R. Davidson. 2009. The phage lambda major tail protein structure reveals a

Master teachers' responses to twenty literacy and science/mathematics practices in deaf education.

PubMed

Easterbrooks, Susan R; Stephenson, Brenda; Mertens, Donna

2006-01-01

Under a grant to improve outcomes for students who are deaf or hard of hearing awarded to the Association of College Educators--Deaf/Hard of Hearing, a team identified content that all teachers of students who are deaf and hard of hearing must understand and be able to teach. Also identified were 20 practices associated with content standards (10 each, literacy and science/mathematics). Thirty-seven master teachers identified by grant agents rated the practices on a Likert-type scale indicating the maximum benefit of each practice and maximum likelihood that they would use the practice, yielding a likelihood-impact analysis. The teachers showed strong agreement on the benefits and likelihood of use of the rated practices. Concerns about implementation of many of the practices related to time constraints and mixed-ability classrooms were themes of the reviews. Actions for teacher preparation programs were recommended.

Tunable femtosecond near-infrared source based on a Yb:LYSO-laser-pumped optical parametric oscillator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wen-Long, Tian; Zhao-Hua, Wang; Jiang-Feng, Zhu; Zhi-Yi, Wei

2016-01-01

We demonstrate a widely tunable near-infrared source from 767 nm to 874 nm generated by the intracavity second harmonic generation (SHG) in an optical parametric oscillator pumped by a Yb:LYSO solid-state laser. The home-made Yb:LYSO oscillator centered at 1035 nm delivers an average power of 2 W and a pulse duration as short as 351 fs. Two MgO doped periodically poled lithium niobates (MgO:PPLN) with grating periods of 28.5-31.5 μm in steps of 0.5 μm and 19.5-21.3 μm in steps of 0.2 μm are used for the OPO and intracavity SHG, respectively. The maximum average output power of 180 mW at 798 nm was obtained and the output pulses have pulse duration of 313 fs at 792 nm if a sech2-pulse shape was assumed. In addition, tunable signal femtosecond pulses from 1428 nm to 1763 nm are also realized with the maximum average power of 355 mW at 1628 nm. Project supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2013CB922402), the National Key Scientific Instruments Development Program of China (Grant No. 2012YQ120047), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61205130 and 11174361), and the Key Deployment Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KJZD-EW-L11-03).

The Photovoltaic Higher Education National Exemplar Facility (PHENEF)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Podbielski, V.; Shaff, D.

1994-04-01

In August 1980, the US Department of Energy awarded the proposed grant to Georgetown University. The grant covered the following tasks: Task 1, The Department of Energy would participate in the building of an academic facility that would facilitate the integration of flat plate photovoltaic roof modules with an optimally oriented solar architecture. The completion of the facility to be built on the Georgetown University Campus and known as the Georgetown University Intercultural Center was to be a jointly funded endeavor with the Department of Education funding $9.2M through a grant and a loan, Department of Energy funding a maximum of $4M and Georgetown University funding the residual costs. Task 2, Georgetown University would provide the necessary skills, services, materials, equipment and facilities to design, furnish, install and make operational the Georgetown University Intercultural Center Photovoltaic System. The specific objective of this effort would be to build an exemplar flat plate electrical grid connected photovoltaic (PV) system which would demonstrate integration of PV modules into a watertight roofing surface. The system capability, measured at the input to the inverter, would be a 300 kilowatt peak power system as measured at the normal cell operating temperature and an isolation of 100 milliwatts per square centimeter at the collector surface. DOE funding under the grant for the PV system would be limited to a system cost of $20.00 per peak watt up to maximum of six million dollars.

7 CFR 4280.161 - Direct Loan Process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS AND GRANTS Renewable Energy Systems and Energy... available for direct loans; (2) Applicant and project eligibility criteria; (3) Minimum and maximum loan...; (11) Construction planning and performing development; (12) Requirements after project construction...

Feeling backwards? How temporal order in speech affects the time course of vocal emotion recognition

PubMed Central

Rigoulot, Simon; Wassiliwizky, Eugen; Pell, Marc D.

2013-01-01

Recent studies suggest that the time course for recognizing vocal expressions of basic emotion in speech varies significantly by emotion type, implying that listeners uncover acoustic evidence about emotions at different rates in speech (e.g., fear is recognized most quickly whereas happiness and disgust are recognized relatively slowly; Pell and Kotz, 2011). To investigate whether vocal emotion recognition is largely dictated by the amount of time listeners are exposed to speech or the position of critical emotional cues in the utterance, 40 English participants judged the meaning of emotionally-inflected pseudo-utterances presented in a gating paradigm, where utterances were gated as a function of their syllable structure in segments of increasing duration from the end of the utterance (i.e., gated syllable-by-syllable from the offset rather than the onset of the stimulus). Accuracy for detecting six target emotions in each gate condition and the mean identification point for each emotion in milliseconds were analyzed and compared to results from Pell and Kotz (2011). We again found significant emotion-specific differences in the time needed to accurately recognize emotions from speech prosody, and new evidence that utterance-final syllables tended to facilitate listeners' accuracy in many conditions when compared to utterance-initial syllables. The time needed to recognize fear, anger, sadness, and neutral from speech cues was not influenced by how utterances were gated, although happiness and disgust were recognized significantly faster when listeners heard the end of utterances first. Our data provide new clues about the relative time course for recognizing vocally-expressed emotions within the 400–1200 ms time window, while highlighting that emotion recognition from prosody can be shaped by the temporal properties of speech. PMID:23805115

25 CFR 1000.70 - What criteria will the Director use to rank the applications and how many maximum points can be...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Financial Assistance for Planning and Negotiation Grants for Non-BIA Programs Eligibility and Application... complete the proposed planning or negotiation activity and demonstrates that the objectives are legally...

Ground Based Studies of the Outer Planets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Trafton, Laurence M.

2005-01-01

This report covers progress to date under this grant on our continuing program to conduct ground based studies of the outer solar system planets and satellites, with emphasis on spectroscopy and atmospheric phenomena. The research continues under our new PAST grant, NNG04G131G beginning 5/1/2004. The original period of performance of the subject grant was 3/1/2001 to 2/28/2004, but was extended one year at no cost. Although there is some overlap in the scientific projects conducted during the extended year with those of the new grant, this report is confined to the portion of the work funded under NAG5-10435. The primary goals for this grant period were a comparative study of outer planet thermospheres/ionospheres near solar maximum, extended to the mid-IR, and the investigation of molecular dimers in outer solar system atmospheres. This project supports NASA's planned space missions, Jupiter Polar Orbiter, outer Planet Microprobes, and the recent Cassini flyby of Jupiter. It also supports the OSS strategic plan themes, The Exploration of the Solar System and The Sun-Earth Connection/ Understanding comparative planetary space environments.

Estimate of Solar Maximum Using the 1-8 Angstrom Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites X-Ray Measurements

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-12

AFRL-RV-PS- AFRL-RV-PS- TR-2015-0005 TR-2015-0005 ESTIMATE OF SOLAR MAXIMUM USING THE 1–8 Å GEOSTATIONARY OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITES X... Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites X-Ray Measurements (Postprint) 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 61102F 6...of the solar cycle through an analysis of the solar X-ray background. Our results are based on the NOAA Geostationary Operational Environmental

40 CFR 35.3005 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... public funds. Overview will also include review of the State management process to ensure it is efficient... management of the wastewater treatment works construction grant program to the maximum extent possible consistent with the objectives of the Act, prudent fiscal management, and EPA's overall national...

45 CFR 1183.36 - Procurement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... HUMANITIES INSTITUTE OF MUSEUM AND LIBRARY SERVICES UNIFORM ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR GRANTS AND... in a manner providing full and open competition consistent with the standards of § 1183.36. Some of... ensure maximum open and free competition. Also, grantees and subgrantees will not preclude potential...

45 CFR 1183.36 - Procurement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... HUMANITIES INSTITUTE OF MUSEUM AND LIBRARY SERVICES UNIFORM ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR GRANTS AND... in a manner providing full and open competition consistent with the standards of § 1183.36. Some of... ensure maximum open and free competition. Also, grantees and subgrantees will not preclude potential...

7 CFR 3015.190 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... costs. These cost principles shall apply to transactions and activities conducted under grants... AGRICULTURE UNIFORM FEDERAL ASSISTANCE REGULATIONS Cost Principles § 3015.190 Scope. This subpart makes the allowable costs incurred by the recipient the maximum amount of money a recipient is entitled to receive...

Meet the (National Council of) Space Grant Directors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Henry, R. C.

1999-05-01

The National Council of Space Grant Directors is a private group that is closely aligned with NASA's National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program. The Council, and NASA, work to: 1) establish a national network of universities with interests and capabilities in aeronautics, space, and related fields 2) encourage cooperative programs among universities, aerospace industry, and federal, state, and local governments 3) encourage interdisciplinary training, research, and public-service programs related to aerospace 4) recruit and train professionals, especially women and underrepresented minorities, for careers in aerospace science, technology, and allied fields 5) promote a strong science, math, and technology educational base from elementary through university levels. There are 52 NASA Space Grant Consortia, located in every one of the United States of America, plus Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia. The Council works to encourge interaction among these consortia, to achieve maximum efficiency of operation. Each consortium has a number of affilates in its state: there are currently more than 700 institutions that are Space Grant Affiliates. Space Grant is not oriented toward a particular discipline (such as astronomy) but toward the larger goal of strengthening the US work force educational level very broadly, thus ensuring that highly-trained people are available to work for and with NASA in the coming century. I will encourge listeners to contact their State Space Grant Consortium to explore "how you can help."

7 CFR 1944.667 - Relocation and displacement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 13 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Relocation and displacement. 1944.667 Section 1944.667...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) HOUSING Housing Preservation Grants § 1944.667 Relocation and displacement... maximum amount of temporary or permanent relocation costs proposed to be allowed. (b) Displacement. The...

7 CFR 1944.667 - Relocation and displacement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 13 2011-01-01 2009-01-01 true Relocation and displacement. 1944.667 Section 1944.667...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) HOUSING Housing Preservation Grants § 1944.667 Relocation and displacement... maximum amount of temporary or permanent relocation costs proposed to be allowed. (b) Displacement. The...

7 CFR 1944.667 - Relocation and displacement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 13 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Relocation and displacement. 1944.667 Section 1944.667...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) HOUSING Housing Preservation Grants § 1944.667 Relocation and displacement... maximum amount of temporary or permanent relocation costs proposed to be allowed. (b) Displacement. The...

The maximum efficiency of nano heat engines depends on more than temperature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Woods, Mischa; Ng, Nelly; Wehner, Stephanie

Sadi Carnot's theorem regarding the maximum efficiency of heat engines is considered to be of fundamental importance in the theory of heat engines and thermodynamics. Here, we show that at the nano and quantum scale, this law needs to be revised in the sense that more information about the bath other than its temperature is required to decide whether maximum efficiency can be achieved. In particular, we derive new fundamental limitations of the efficiency of heat engines at the nano and quantum scale that show that the Carnot efficiency can only be achieved under special circumstances, and we derive a new maximum efficiency for others. A preprint can be found here arXiv:1506.02322 [quant-ph] Singapore's MOE Tier 3A Grant & STW, Netherlands.

7 CFR 4280.112 - Evaluation of grant applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... primarily for self-use by the agricultural producer or rural small business and will provide energy.... (D) Design and engineering (maximum score of 30 points). The applicant has described the design, engineering, and testing needed for the proposed project. The description supports that the system will be...

7 CFR 4280.112 - Evaluation of grant applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... primarily for self-use by the agricultural producer or rural small business and will provide energy.... (D) Design and engineering (maximum score of 30 points). The applicant has described the design, engineering, and testing needed for the proposed project. The description supports that the system will be...

12 CFR 1291.6 - Homeownership set-aside programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... as part of a disaster relief effort. (3) Maximum grant amount. Members shall provide AHP direct... Section 1291.6 Banks and Banking FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY HOUSING GOALS AND MISSION FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANKS' AFFORDABLE HOUSING PROGRAM § 1291.6 Homeownership set-aside programs. (a) Establishment of...

12 CFR 1291.6 - Homeownership set-aside programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... as part of a disaster relief effort. (3) Maximum grant amount. Members shall provide AHP direct... Section 1291.6 Banks and Banking FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY HOUSING GOALS AND MISSION FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANKS' AFFORDABLE HOUSING PROGRAM § 1291.6 Homeownership set-aside programs. (a) Establishment of...

12 CFR 1291.6 - Homeownership set-aside programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... as part of a disaster relief effort. (3) Maximum grant amount. Members shall provide AHP direct... Section 1291.6 Banks and Banking FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY HOUSING GOALS AND MISSION FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANKS' AFFORDABLE HOUSING PROGRAM § 1291.6 Homeownership set-aside programs. (a) Establishment of...

12 CFR 1291.6 - Homeownership set-aside programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... as part of a disaster relief effort. (3) Maximum grant amount. Members shall provide AHP direct... Section 1291.6 Banks and Banking FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY HOUSING GOALS AND MISSION FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANKS' AFFORDABLE HOUSING PROGRAM § 1291.6 Homeownership set-aside programs. (a) Establishment of...

12 CFR 1291.6 - Homeownership set-aside programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... as part of a disaster relief effort. (3) Maximum grant amount. Members shall provide AHP direct... Section 1291.6 Banks and Banking FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY HOUSING GOALS AND MISSION FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANKS' AFFORDABLE HOUSING PROGRAM § 1291.6 Homeownership set-aside programs. (a) Establishment of...

Effects of multiple interruptions with trimethylindium-treatment in the InGaN/GaN quantum well on green light emitting diodes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qiao, Liang; Ma, Zi-Guang; Chen, Hong; Wu, Hai-Yan; Chen, Xue-Fang; Yang, Hao-Jun; Zhao, Bin; He, Miao; Zheng, Shu-Wen; Li, Shu-Ti

2016-10-01

In this study, the influence of multiple interruptions with trimethylindium (TMIn)-treatment in InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) on green light-emitting diode (LED) is investigated. A comparison of conventional LEDs with the one fabricated with our method shows that the latter has better optical properties. Photoluminescence (PL) full-width at half maximum (FWHM) is reduced, light output power is much higher and the blue shift of electroluminescence (EL) dominant wavelength becomes smaller with current increasing. These improvements should be attributed to the reduced interface roughness of MQW and more uniformity of indium distribution in MQWs by the interruptions with TMIn-treatment. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11204360 and 61210014), the Science and Technology Planning Projects of Guangdong Province, China (Grant Nos. 2014B050505020, 2015B010114007, and 2014B090904045), the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20134407110008), the Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2016201604030027), and the Zhongshan Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2013B3FC0003).

75 FR 77649 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection: Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-13

... Division of Independent Review Grant Reviewer Recruitment Form (OMB No. 0915-0295)--[Extension] HRSA's... of all eligible applications submitted to HRSA. DIR ensures that the independent review process is... experience; and allows maximum use of drop-down menus to simplify the data collection process. The Web-based...

7 CFR 4280.117 - Evaluation of RES and EEI grant applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... intended primarily for self-use by the agricultural producer or rural small business and will provide.... (D) Design and engineering (maximum score of 30 points). The applicant has described the design, engineering, and testing needed for the proposed project. The description supports that the system will be...

7 CFR 4280.117 - Evaluation of RES and EEI grant applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... intended primarily for self-use by the agricultural producer or rural small business and will provide.... (D) Design and engineering (maximum score of 30 points). The applicant has described the design, engineering, and testing needed for the proposed project. The description supports that the system will be...

7 CFR 4280.117 - Evaluation of RES and EEI grant applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... intended primarily for self-use by the agricultural producer or rural small business and will provide.... (D) Design and engineering (maximum score of 30 points). The applicant has described the design, engineering, and testing needed for the proposed project. The description supports that the system will be...

14 CFR 1260.13 - Award procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... support research projects that may span several years. NASA policy is to make maximum use of multiple year... policy calling for research to be peer reviewed at least every three years. Grants with periods of performance in excess of three years may be appropriate when the NASA technical office determines at the...

Spin noise spectroscopy of rubidium atomic gas under resonant and non-resonant conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Jian; Shi, Ping; Qian, Xuan; Li, Wei; Ji, Yang

2016-11-01

The spin fluctuation in rubidium atom gas is studied via all-optical spin noise spectroscopy (SNS). Experimental results show that the integrated SNS signal and its full width at half maximum (FWHM) strongly depend on the frequency detuning of the probe light under resonant and non-resonant conditions. The total integrated SNS signal can be well fitted with a single squared Faraday rotation spectrum and the FWHM dependence may be related to the absorption profile of the sample. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91321310 and 11404325) and the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2013CB922304).

Propagation of Airy Gaussian vortex beams in uniaxial crystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weihao, Yu; Ruihuang, Zhao; Fu, Deng; Jiayao, Huang; Chidao, Chen; Xiangbo, Yang; Yanping, Zhao; Dongmei, Deng

2016-04-01

The propagation dynamics of the Airy Gaussian vortex beams in uniaxial crystals orthogonal to the optical axis has been investigated analytically and numerically. The propagation expression of the beams has been obtained. The propagation features of the Airy Gaussian vortex beams are shown with changes of the distribution factor and the ratio of the extraordinary refractive index to the ordinary refractive index. The correlations between the ratio and the maximum intensity value during the propagation, and its appearing distance have been investigated. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11374108, 11374107, 10904041, and 11547212), the Foundation of Cultivating Outstanding Young Scholars of Guangdong Province, China, the CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, University of Science and Technology of China, the National Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates (Grant No. 2015093), and the Science and Technology Projects of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2013B031800011).

Field-free orientation of diatomic molecule via the linearly polarized resonant pulses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Su-Yu; Guo, Fu-Ming; Wang, Jun; Yang, Yu-Jun; Jin, Ming-Xing

2015-10-01

We propose a scheme to coherently control the field-free orientation of NO molecule whose rotational temperature is above 0 K. It is found that the maximum molecular orientation is affected by two factors: one is the sum of the population of M = 0 rotational states and the other is their distribution, however, their distribution plays a much more significant role in molecular orientation than the sum of their population. By adopting a series of linearly polarized pulses resonant with the rotational states, the distribution of M = 0 rotational states is well rearranged. Though the number of pulses used is small, a relatively high orientation degree can be obtained. This scheme provides a promising approach to the achievement of a good orientation effect. Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2013CB922200), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11034003, 11474129, 11274141, and 11304116), the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20130061110021), and the Graduate Innovation Fund of Jilin University (Grant No. 2015091).

On Extending the Probationary Period

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Andrews, James G.

2009-01-01

A number of U.S. institutions of higher education are considering multiyear extensions of the widely accepted seven-year maximum probationary period for all tenure-track faculty. Such a substantial extension is to be distinguished from, and exists in addition to, the ad hoc short-term extensions that many institutions may now grant to individual…

77 FR 21002 - Creation of a Low Power Radio Service; Amendment of Service and Eligibility Rules for FM...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-09

... comparative licensing criteria are designed to promote these goals. These criteria include a requirement that... Further Notice, incorporating certain modifications proposed by commenters. These policies are designed to.... Nevertheless, these procedures are also designed to facilitate to the maximum extent possible the grant of the...

76 FR 12963 - Request for Information (NOT-ES-11-007): Needs and Approaches for Assessing the Human Health...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-09

... intramural and extramural research efforts that address the combined health effects of multiple environmental... construed as a funding opportunity or grant program. Input from all interested parties is welcome including... program priorities and recommends funding levels to assure maximum utilization of available resources in...

76 FR 54246 - Notice of Submission of Proposed Information Collection for Public Comment; Notice of Public...

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2011-08-31

... Proposed Information Collection for Public Comment; Notice of Public Interest for the FY12 Transformation.... This Notice also lists the following information: Title of Proposal: FY12 Transformation Initiative... under the Transformation Initiative (TI) account. The maximum grant performance period is for 24 months...

50 CFR 86.60 - What are the criteria used to select projects for grants?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... vessels (includes education/information) 0-15 points. (4) Include private, local, or other State funds in..., for a maximum of 15 points (8) Provide significant positive economic impacts to a community. For... year in the community 1-5 points. (9) Include multi-State efforts that result in coordinating location...

77 FR 23690 - Applications for New Awards; Promise Neighborhoods Program-Planning Grant Competition

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... (prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, color, or national origin); Section 504 of the Rehabilitation... Department will review and award points only for a maximum of two of the competitive preference priorities... the two priorities it wishes the Department to consider for purposes of earning the competitive...

76 FR 39615 - Applications for New Awards; Promise Neighborhoods Program-Implementation Grant Competition

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2011-07-06

... Civil Rights Act of 1964 (prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, color, or national origin... maximum of two of the competitive preference priorities. Therefore, an applicant must identify in the project narrative section of its application the priority or the two priorities it wishes the Department...

77 FR 23675 - Applications for New Awards; Promise Neighborhoods Program-Implementation Grant Competition

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-20

... discrimination on the basis of race, color, or national origin); Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973... maximum of two of the competitive preference priorities. Therefore, an applicant must identify in the project narrative section of its application the priority or the two priorities it wishes the Department...

Herbal drug patenting in India: IP potential.

PubMed

Sahoo, Niharika; Manchikanti, Padmavati; Dey, Satya Hari

2011-09-01

Herbal drugs are gaining worldwide prominence due to their distinct advantages. Developing countries have started exploring the ethnopharmacological approach of drug discovery and have begun to file patents on herbal drugs. The expansion of R&D in Indian herbal research organizations and presence of manufacturing units at non-Indian sites is an indication of the capability to develop new products and processes. The present study attempts to identify innovations in the Indian herbal drug sector by analyzing the patenting trends in India, US and EU. Based on key word and IPC based search at the IPO, USPTO, Esp@cenet and WIPO databases, patent applications and grant in herbal drugs by Indian applicants/assignees was collected for the last ten years (from 1st January 2001 to 31st October 2010). From this collection patents related to human therapeutic use only were selected. Analysis was performed to identify filing trends, major applicants/assignees, disease area and major plant species used for various treatments. There is a gradual increase in patent filing through the years. In India, individual inventors have maximum applications and grants. CSIR, among research organizations and Hindustan Unilever, Avesthagen, Piramal Life Science, Sahajanand Biotech and Indus Biotech among the companies have the maximum granted patents in India, US and EU respectively. Diabetes, cancer and inflammatory disorders are the major areas for patenting in India and abroad. Recent patents are on new herbal formulations for treatment of AIDS, hepatitis, skin disorders and gastrointestinal disorders. A majority of the herbal patents applications and grants in India are with individual inventors. Claim analysis indicates that these patents include novel multi-herb compositions with synergistic action. Indian research organizations are more active than companies in filing for patents. CSIR has maximum numbers of applications not only in India but also in the US and EU. Patents by research organizations and herbal companies are on development of new processes for active compound isolation and standardization of such components in addition to new compositions for therapeutic use. Pharmaceutical companies such as Ranbaxy, Lupin and Panacea Biotec are increasingly patenting on herbal drugs. There is increased patenting activity related to diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, asthma and arthritis in India and abroad. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

46 CFR 42.20-65 - Sheer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... freeboard deck shall not be taken into account. (7) Where an enclosed poop or forecastle is of standard... allowances may be granted for excess sheer forward. (4) Where sheer credit is given for a poop or forecastle... at the end ordinate. L′=mean enclosed length of poop or forecastle up to a maximum length of 0.5L. L...

78 FR 35178 - Indian Housing Block Grant Allocation Formula: Notice of Proposed Negotiated Rulemaking Committee...

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2013-06-12

... negotiated rulemaking committee membership. SUMMARY: On September 18, 2012, HUD published a document in the... of comments allows the commenter maximum time to prepare and submit a comment, ensures timely receipt... inspection and copying between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m. weekdays at the above address. Due to security measures at...

Applying the SWAT hydrologic model on a watershed containing forested karst.

Treesearch

Devendra M. Amatya; Amy E. Edwards

2009-01-01

The US Forest Service Center for Forested Wetlands Research is working on a South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SC DHEC)'s Section 319 Grant Program funded Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) project for the watershed of Chapel Branch Creek (CBC) draining to Lake Marion in Santee, South Carolina (Fig. 1)....

75 FR 6013 - Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Decision and Order Granting a Waiver to...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-05

... heating exceeds the high-stage compressor capacity for cooling. Finally, the test procedure must account... test method to cover Hallowell's three-capacity compressor. The two (of three potential) active stages... pumps for the heating mode as follows: a. Conduct one Maximum Temperature Test (H0 1 ), two High...

76 FR 39630 - Applications for New Awards; Promise Neighborhoods Program-Planning Grant Competition

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-06

... VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, color, or... priorities; however, the Department will review and award points only for a maximum of two of the competitive... application the priority or the two priorities it wishes the Department to consider for purposes of earning...

SU-E-T-578: On Definition of Minimum and Maximum Dose for Target Volume

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gong, Y; Yu, J; Xiao, Y

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the impact of different minimum and maximum dose definitions in radiotherapy treatment plan quality evaluation criteria by using tumor control probability (TCP) models. Methods: Dosimetric criteria used in RTOG 1308 protocol are used in the investigation. RTOG 1308 is a phase III randomized trial comparing overall survival after photon versus proton chemoradiotherapy for inoperable stage II-IIIB NSCLC. The prescription dose for planning target volume (PTV) is 70Gy. Maximum dose (Dmax) should not exceed 84Gy and minimum dose (Dmin) should not go below 59.5Gy in order for the plan to be “per protocol” (satisfactory).A mathematicalmore » model that simulates the characteristics of PTV dose volume histogram (DVH) curve with normalized volume is built. The Dmax and Dmin are noted as percentage volumes Dη% and D(100-δ)%, with η and d ranging from 0 to 3.5. The model includes three straight line sections and goes through four points: D95%= 70Gy, Dη%= 84Gy, D(100-δ)%= 59.5 Gy, and D100%= 0Gy. For each set of η and δ, the TCP value is calculated using the inhomogeneously irradiated tumor logistic model with D50= 74.5Gy and γ50=3.52. Results: TCP varies within 0.9% with η; and δ values between 0 and 1. With η and η varies between 0 and 2, TCP change was up to 2.4%. With η and δ variations from 0 to 3.5, maximum of 8.3% TCP difference is seen. Conclusion: When defined maximum and minimum volume varied more than 2%, significant TCP variations were seen. It is recommended less than 2% volume used in definition of Dmax or Dmin for target dosimetric evaluation criteria. This project was supported by NIH grants U10CA180868, U10CA180822, U24CA180803, U24CA12014 and PA CURE Grant.« less

Effects of evacuation assistant’s leading behavior on the evacuation efficiency: Information transmission approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Xiao-Lu; Guo, Wei; Zheng, Xiao-Ping

2015-07-01

Evacuation assistants are expected to spread the escape route information and lead evacuees toward the exit as quickly as possible. Their leading behavior influences the evacuees’ movement directly, which is confirmed to be a decisive factor of the evacuation efficiency. The transmission process of escape information and its function on the evacuees’ movement are accurately presented by the proposed extended dynamic communication field model. For evacuation assistants and evacuees, their sensitivity parameter of static floor field (SFF), , and , are fully discussed. The simulation results indicate that the appropriate is associated with the maximum of evacuees. The optimal combinations of and were found to reach the highest evacuation efficiency. There also exists an optimal value for evacuation assistants’ information transmission radius. Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2011CB706900), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 71225007 and 71203006), the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2012BAK13B06), the Humanities and Social Sciences Project of the Ministry of Education of China (Grant Nos. 10YJA630221 and 12YJCZH023), and the Beijing Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning Project of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, China (Grant Nos. 12JGC090 and 12JGC098).

Phytotoxicity of floodplain soils contaminated with trace metals along the clark fork river, Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site, Deer Lodge, Montana, United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Rader, B.R.; Nimmo, D.W.R.; Chapman, P.L.

1997-01-01

Concentrations of metals in sediments and soils deposited along the floodplain of the Clark Fork River, within the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site, Deer Lodge, Montana, USA, have exceeded maximum background concentrations in the United States for most metals tested. As a result of mining and smelting activities, portions of the Deer Lodge Valley, including the Grant-Kohrs Ranch, have received National Priority List Designation under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act. Using a series of plant germination tests, pH measurements, and metal analyses, this study investigated the toxicity of soils from floodplain 'slicken' areas, bare spots devoid of vegetation, along the Clark Fork River. The slicken soils collected from the Grant-Kohrs Ranch were toxic to all four plant species tested. The most sensitive endpoint in the germination tests was root length and the least sensitive was emergence. Considering emergence, the most sensitive species was the resident grass species Agrostis gigantea. The sensitivities were reversed when root lengths were examined, with Echinochloa crusgalli showing the greatest sensitivity. Both elevated concentrations of metals and low pH were necessary to produce an acutely phytotoxic response in laboratory seed germination tests using slicken soils. Moreover, pH values on the Grant-Kohrs Ranch appear to be a better predictor of acutely phytotoxic conditions than total metal levels.

NASA's Plans for Materials Science on ISS: Cooperative Utilization of the MSRR-MSL

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chiaramonte, Francis; Szofran, Frank

2008-01-01

The ISS Research Project draws Life (non-human) and Physical Sciences investigations on the ISS, free flyer and ground-based into one coordinated project. The project has two categories: I. Exploration Research Program: a) Utilizes the ISS as a low Technology Readiness Level (TRL) test bed for technology development, demonstration and problem resolution in the areas of life support, fire safety, power, propulsion, thermal management, materials technology, habitat design, etc.; b) Will include endorsement letters from other ETDP projects to show relevancy. II. Non-Exploration Research Program; a) Not directly related to supporting the human exploration program. Research conducted in the life (non-human) and physical sciences; b) The program will sustain, to the maximum extent practicable, the United States scientific expertise and research capability in fundamental microgravity research. Physical Sciences has about 44 grants, and Life Sciences has approximately 32 grants, mostly with universities, to conduct low TRL research; this includes grants to be awarded from the 2008 Fluid Physics and Life Science NRA's.

78 FR 33445 - Office of Small Credit Unions (OSCUI) Grant Program Access For Credit Unions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-04

... hardware and software necessary to convert to computerized operations. The maximum award amount for this...,000 per credit union for financial education projects that improve financial capability in the... found on D&B's Web site at http://fedgov.dnb.com/webform or by calling D&B, toll-free, at 1-866-705-5711...

50 CFR 85.44 - Fee charges for use of facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fee charges for use of facilities. 85.44... Conditions on Use/Acceptance of Funds § 85.44 Fee charges for use of facilities. A maximum of a $5.00 fee may... with grant funds. If higher fees are charged, they must be justified before the proposal can be...

Fc-receptor induced cell spreading during frustrated phagocytosis in J774A.1 macrophages

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kovari, Daniel; Curtis, Jennifer; Wei, Wenbin

2014-03-01

Phagocytosis is the process where by cells engulf foreign particles. It is the primary mechanism through which macrophages and neutrophils (white blood cells) eliminate pathogens and debris from the body. The behavior is the result of a cascade of chemical and mechanical cues, which result in the actin-driven expansion of the cell's membrane around its target. For macrophages undergoing Fc-mediated phagocytosis, we show that above a minimum threshold the spreading rate and maximum cell-target contact area are independent of the target's opsonin density. Qualitatively, macrophage phagocytic spreading is similar to the spreading of other cell types (e.g. fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and Dict.d.). Early spreading is most likely the result of ``passive'' alignment of the cell to the target surface. This is followed by an active expansion period driven by actin. Finally upon reaching a maximum contact area, typically 2-3 times the size of ``non-activated'' cells, macrophages often undergo a period of rapid contraction not reported in other cell types. We hypothesize that this, as yet unexplained, transition may be specific to the chemical and mechanical machinery associated with phagocytosis. This work was funded by NSF grant PHYS 0848797 and NSF grant DMR 0820382.

Global fund financing to the 34 malaria-eliminating countries under the new funding model 2014-2017: an analysis of national allocations and regional grants.

PubMed

Zelman, Brittany; Melgar, Melissa; Larson, Erika; Phillips, Allison; Shretta, Rima

2016-02-25

The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria (GFATM) has been the largest financial supporter of malaria since 2002. In 2011, the GFATM transitioned to a new funding model (NFM), which prioritizes grants to high burden, lower income countries. This shift raises concerns that some low endemic countries, dependent on GFATM financing to achieve their malaria elimination goals, would receive less funding under the NFM. This study aims to understand the projected increase or decrease in national and regional funding from the GFATM's NFM to the 34 malaria-eliminating countries. Average annual disbursements under the old funding model were compared to average annual national allocations for all eligible 34 malaria-eliminating countries for the period of 2014-2017. Regional grant funding to countries that are due to receive additional support was then included in the comparison and analysed. Estimated funding ranges for the countries under the NFM were calculated using the proposed national allocation plus the possible adjustments and additional funding. Finally, the minimum and maximum funding estimates were compared to average annual disbursements under the old funding model. A cumulative 31 % decrease in national financing from the GFATM is expected for the countries included in this analysis. Regional grants augment funding for almost half of the eliminating countries, and increase the cumulative percent change in GTFAM funding to 32 %, though proposed activities may not be funded directly through national malaria programmes. However, if countries receive the maximum possible funding, 46 % of the countries included in this analysis would receive less than they received under the previous funding model. Many malaria-eliminating countries have projected national declines in funding from the GFATM under the NFM. While regional grants enhance funding for eliminating countries, they may not be able to fill country-level funding gaps for local commodities and implementation. If the GFATM is able to nuance its allocation methodology to mitigate drastic funding declines for malaria investments in low transmission countries, the GFATM can ensure previous investments are not lost. By aligning with WHO's Global Technical Strategy for Malaria and investing in both high- and low-endemic countries, the Global Fund can tip the scale on a global health threat and contribute toward the goal of eventual malaria eradication.

Phytotoxicity of floodplain soils contaminated with trace metals along the Clark Fork River, Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site, Deer Lodge, Montana, USA

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rader, B.R.; Nimmo, D.W.R.; Chapman, P.L.

1997-07-01

Concentrations of metals in sediments and soils deposited along the floodplain of the Clark Fork River, within the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site, Deer Lodge, Montana, USA, have exceeded maximum background concentrations in the United States for most metals tested. As a result of mining and smelting activities, portions of the Deer Lodge Valley, including the Grant-Kohrs Ranch, have received National Priority List Designation under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act. Using a series of plant germination tests, pH measurements, and metal analyses, this study investigated the toxicity of soils from floodplain slicken areas, bare spots devoid ofmore » vegetation, along the Clark Fork River. The slicken soils collected from the Grant-Kohrs Ranch were toxic to all four plant species tested. The most sensitive endpoint in the germination tests was root length and the least sensitive was emergence. Considering emergence, the most sensitive species was the resident grass species Agrostis gigantea. The sensitivities were reversed when root lengths were examined, with Echinochloa crusgalli showing the greatest sensitivity. Both elevated concentrations of metals and low pH were necessary to produce an acutely phytotoxic response in laboratory seed germination tests using slicken soils. Moreover, pH values on the Grant-Kohrs Ranch appear to be a better predictor of acutely phytotoxic conditions than total metal levels.« less

Pricing and reimbursement of pharmaceuticals in Norway.

PubMed

Hågå, A; Sverre, J M

2002-01-01

Although not a member of the EU, Norway participates in the European-wide regulatory framework for granting marketing authorization to pharmaceutical products. Maximum prices for prescription medicines are determined by the Norwegian Medicines Agency that sets pharmacy purchase prices (based on prices in other Northern European countries) and the Ministry of Health that sets pharmacy margins. A "discount sharing model" encourages pharmacies to perform parallel import and generic switching by allowing them to keep up to 50% of the difference between maximum price and actual price. The costs of pharmaceuticals in Norway are covered in part by the public budget and in part directly by the patient. Over one-half of pharmaceutical costs are borne by the Norwegian National Insurance Administration through the reimbursement scheme; membership in this program is mandatory, and costs are covered through taxes from employers and employees. Over 90% of reimbursed drug sales are accounted for by the established product list for general reimbursement, but supplementary reimbursement can be granted on the basis of individual patient applications and also to ensure that all patients with serious communicable diseases are given adequate treatment without costs to the patient (e.g., HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis). Patient copayment currently amounts to 36% of the total amount of prescriptions; the maximum per prescription is 48 euros, and total within a single calendar year is 180 euros. Copayments for physician visits, radiology examinations, and laboratory tests, can be included in this amount. The overall system is now undergoing reevaluation, as it has been criticized for being complicated and difficult to comprehend for the users.

77 FR 59394 - Wills Creek Hydro, LLC; Notice of Preliminary Permit Application Accepted for Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-27

..., Coshocton County, Ohio. The sole purpose of a preliminary permit, if issued, is to grant the permit holder... Lake which has a surface area of 11,450 acres at a normal lake elevation of 742 feet and a maximum storage capacity of 196,000 acre-feet; (2) a 1,950-foot-long, 87-foot-high earth fill dam; (3) a 100-foot...

Labor market outcomes and the transition to adulthood.

PubMed

Danziger, Sheldon; Ratner, David

2010-01-01

According to Sheldon Danziger and David Ratner, changes in the labor market over the past thirty-five years, such as labor-saving technological changes, increased globalization, declining unionization, and the failure of the minimum wage to keep up with inflation, have made it more difficult for young adults to attain the economic stability and self-sufficiency that are important markers of the transition to adulthood. Young men with no more than a high school degree have difficulty earning enough to support a family. Even though young women have achieved gains in earnings, employment, and schooling relative to men in recent decades, those without a college degree also struggle to achieve economic stability and self-sufficiency. The authors begin by describing trends in labor market outcomes for young adults-median annual earnings, the extent of low-wage work, employment rates, job instability, and the returns to education. Then they examine how these outcomes may contribute to delays in other markers of the transition to adulthood-completing an education, establishing independent living arrangements, and marrying and having children. They conclude that adverse changes in labor market outcomes are related to those delays but have not been shown to be the primary cause. Danziger and Ratner next consider several public policy reforms that might improve the economic outlook for young adults. They recommend policies that would increase the returns to work, especially for less-educated workers. They propose raising the federal minimum wage and adjusting it annually to maintain its value relative to the median wage. Expanding the Earned Income Tax Credit for childless low-wage workers, the authors say, could also raise the take-home pay of many young adult workers, with minimal adverse employment effects. New policies should also provide work opportunities for young adults who cannot find steady employment either because of poor economic conditions or because of physical and mental disabilities or criminal records that make it hard for them to work steadily even when the economy is strong. Finally, the authors recommend increasing federal Pell grants for college and improving access to credit for would-be college students to raise the educational attainment of young adults from low-income families.

Results from the First Observing Season of PIQUE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hedman, M. M.; Barkats, D.; Gundersen, J. O.; Staggs, S. T.; Winstein, B.

2000-12-01

The Princeton IQU Experiment (PIQUE) is a ground-based telescope designed to measure the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Between 19 January 2000 and 2 April 2000, this telescope observed one of the Stokes parameters (Q) on the ring at δ = 89o from the roof of Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ. The telescope had a beam full-width-half-maximum of 0.24o and the detector was a single correlation polarimeter operating at 90 GHz. These observations have yielded a new limit on the polarization of the CMB in the multipole range 100 < l < 600. This work was supported by NIST precision measurement grant #60NANB8D0061 and by NSF grant #PHY9600015. Additional support was provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and the Guggenheim Foundation through their fellowships for STS and BW respectively.

Latitudinal Variations of Auroral-Zone Ionization Distribution.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-02-01

CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(s) Robert M. Robinson F49620-80-C-0014 Roland T. Tsunoda 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT , PROJECT...scanned. A. Auroral Zone Ionospheric Conductivity A key element in modelling the magnetosphere-ionosphere circuit is the auroral zone ionospheric...while the maximum conductivity for the evening eastward electro- jet was less than 20 mho in our data set . In other words, both the south- ward field and

Overcoming the Practical Barriers to Spinal Cord Cell Transplantation for ALS

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-10-01

ABSTRACT: This grant will provide critical data on tolerance and toxicity of cell dosing and numbers of permissible spinal cord injections. Rigorous...Surgical Technique) will provide critical data on tolerance and toxicity of cell dosing and numbers of permissible spinal cord injections. Aim 2 (Graft...connected to a rigid needle of the same gauge as the floating cannula one – Figure 7) using the maximum volume/number of injections could result in

From Maximum Entropy Models to Non-Stationarity and Irreversibility

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cofre, Rodrigo; Cessac, Bruno; Maldonado, Cesar

The maximum entropy distribution can be obtained from a variational principle. This is important as a matter of principle and for the purpose of finding approximate solutions. One can exploit this fact to obtain relevant information about the underlying stochastic process. We report here in recent progress in three aspects to this approach.1- Biological systems are expected to show some degree of irreversibility in time. Based on the transfer matrix technique to find the spatio-temporal maximum entropy distribution, we build a framework to quantify the degree of irreversibility of any maximum entropy distribution.2- The maximum entropy solution is characterized by a functional called Gibbs free energy (solution of the variational principle). The Legendre transformation of this functional is the rate function, which controls the speed of convergence of empirical averages to their ergodic mean. We show how the correct description of this functional is determinant for a more rigorous characterization of first and higher order phase transitions.3- We assess the impact of a weak time-dependent external stimulus on the collective statistics of spiking neuronal networks. We show how to evaluate this impact on any higher order spatio-temporal correlation. RC supported by ERC advanced Grant ``Bridges'', BC: KEOPS ANR-CONICYT, Renvision and CM: CONICYT-FONDECYT No. 3140572.

Maximum Likelihood Analysis in the PEN Experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lehman, Martin

2013-10-01

The experimental determination of the π+ -->e+ ν (γ) decay branching ratio currently provides the most accurate test of lepton universality. The PEN experiment at PSI, Switzerland, aims to improve the present world average experimental precision of 3 . 3 ×10-3 to 5 ×10-4 using a stopped beam approach. During runs in 2008-10, PEN has acquired over 2 ×107 πe 2 events. The experiment includes active beam detectors (degrader, mini TPC, target), central MWPC tracking with plastic scintillator hodoscopes, and a spherical pure CsI electromagnetic shower calorimeter. The final branching ratio will be calculated using a maximum likelihood analysis. This analysis assigns each event a probability for 5 processes (π+ -->e+ ν , π+ -->μ+ ν , decay-in-flight, pile-up, and hadronic events) using Monte Carlo verified probability distribution functions of our observables (energies, times, etc). A progress report on the PEN maximum likelihood analysis will be presented. Work supported by NSF grant PHY-0970013.

Number Theoretic Background

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rudnick, Z.

Contents: 1. Introduction 2. Divisibility 2.1. Basics on Divisibility 2.2. The Greatest Common Divisor 2.3. The Euclidean Algorithm 2.4. The Diophantine Equation ax+by=c 3. Prime Numbers 3.1. The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic 3.2. There Are Infinitely Many Primes 3.3. The Density of Primes 3.4. Primes in Arithmetic Progressions 4. Continued Fractions 5. Modular Arithmetic 5.1. Congruences 5.2. Modular Inverses 5.3. The Chinese Remainder Theorem 5.4. The Structure of the Multiplicative Group (Z/NZ)^* 5.5. Primitive Roots 6. Quadratic Congruences 6.1. Euler's Criterion 6.2. The Legendre Symbol and Quadratic Reciprocity 7. Pell's Equation 7.1. The Group Law 7.2. Integer Solutions 7.3. Finding the Fundamental Solution 8. The Riemann Zeta Function 8.1 Analytic Continuation and Functinal Equation of ζ(s) 8.2 Connecting the Primes and the Zeros of ζ(s) 8.3 The Riemann Hypothesis References

Dynamic evolution of the oscillatory Belousov--Zhabotinsky reaction upon addition of a non-ionic polymer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sciascia, Luciana; Lombardo, Renato; Turco Liveri, Maria Liria

2006-10-01

The dynamic evolution of the oscillatory Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction upon addition of increasing amount of the non-ionic polymer polypropylene glycol with molecular weight 425 g mol -1 (PPG-425) was investigated in a stirred-batch reactor by monitoring the Ce(IV) absorbance changes. The oscillatory parameters are significantly altered by the presence of the polymer. The findings obtained in the present work revealed that the PPG-425 is not only more effective, than other polymer previously [R. Lombardo, C. Sbriziolo, M.L. Turco Liveri, K. Pelle, M. Wittmann, Z. Noszticzius, in: J.A. Pojman, Q. Tran-Cong-Miyata (Eds.), Nonlinear Dynamics in Polymeric Systems, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 869 (2004) 292] studied, in perturbing the BZ systems but also more capable of producing key radical species, which in turn can be exploited for the preparation of new polymeric materials.

Study of SMM flares in gamma-rays and neutrons

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dunphy, Philip P.; Chupp, Edward L.

1992-01-01

This report summarizes the results of the research supported by NASA grant NAGW-2755 and lists the papers and publications produced through the grant. The objective of the work was to study solar flares that produced observable signals from high-energy (greater than 10 MeV) gamma-rays and neutrons in the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) Gamma-Ray Spectrometer (GRS). In 3 of 4 flares that had been studied previously, most of the neutrons and neutral pions appear to have been produced after the 'main' impulsive phase as determined from hard x-rays and gamma-rays. We, therefore, proposed to analyze the timing of the high-energy radiation, and its implications for the acceleration, trapping, and transport of flare particles. It was equally important to characterize the spectral shapes of the interacting energetic electrons and protons - another key factor in constraining possible particle acceleration mechanisms. In section 2.0, we discuss the goals of the research. In section 3.0, we summarize the results of the research. In section 4.0, we list the papers and publications produced under the grant. Preprints or reprints of the publications are attached as appendices.

Artificial Leaf Based on Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuel Production

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-06-30

AFRL-AFOSR-JP-TR-2017-0054 Artificial Leaf Based on Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuel Production Mamoru Nango NAGOYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY...for Solar Fuel Production 5a.  CONTRACT NUMBER 5b.  GRANT NUMBER FA2386-14-1-4015 5c.  PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 61102F 6. AUTHOR(S) Mamoru Nango 5d...density immobilization of the photoreactants in the nanocavity inside PGP. The maximum production efficiency of formic acid inside the nanocavity was

Training Aids for Basic Combat Skills: A Video Feedback System

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-01

U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences Research Report 1945 Training Aids for Basic Combat...Training Aids for Basic Combat Skills: A Video Feedback System 5a. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER W74V8H-04-D-0045 (DO #0034) 5b. PROGRAM ELEMENT...Subject Matter POC: Martin L. Bink 14. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words): The overarching goal was to develop a training aid that could be used by

At-Sea Data Collection for the Validation of Piloting Simulation.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-12-01

ebb , flood, and slack Current. All transits are inbound moving left to right on the plots. While flow at maximum flood or ebb can approach as much as...Work Unit No. ( TRAIS ) Eclectech Associates, Inc. North Stonington Professional Center 11. Contract or Grant No. North Stonington, Connecticut DOT-CG...over 10 knots Ebb tidal current Flood tidal current Slack tidal current The comparison of piloting as a function of these variables is presented in

Polarized Light in Coastal Waters: Hyperspectral and Multiangular Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-01

atmosphere can be avoided. Acknowledgments This research has been supported by grants from the Office of Naval Research, NASA and NOAA. Tom Legbandt of...Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a...degree of polar sation are found to be consistent with theory. Maximum values of the degree of polarization do not exceed 0.4 and the position of

Absorption enhancement and sensing properties of Ag diamond nanoantenna arrays

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yuan, Yu-Yang; Yuan, Zong-Heng; Li, Xiao-Nan; Wu, Jun; Zhang, Wen-Tao; Ye, Song

2015-07-01

Noble metal nanoantenna could effectively enhance light absorption and increase detection sensitivity. In this paper, we propose a periodic Ag diamond nanoantenna array to increase the absorption of thin-film solar cells and to improve the detection sensitivity via localized surface plasmon resonance. The effect of nanoantenna arrays on the absorption enhancement is theoretically investigated using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method with manipulating the spectral response by geometrical parameters of nanoantennas. A maximum absorption enhancement factor of 1.51 has been achieved in this study. In addition, the relation between resonant wavelength (intensity reflectivity) and refractive index is discussed in detail. When detecting the environmental index using resonant wavelengths, a maximum detection sensitivity of about 837 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) and a resolution of about 10-3 RIU can be achieved. Moreover, when using the reflectivity, the sensitivity can be as high as 0.93 AU/RIU. Furthermore, we also have theoretically studied the effectiveness of nanoantennas in distinguishing chemical reagents, solution concentrations, and solution allocation ratios by detecting refractive index. From the results presented in this paper, we conclude that this work might be useful for biosensor detection and other types of detections. Project supported by the International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Projects of Guizhou Province, China (Grant No. 20117035) and the Program for Innovative Research Team of Guilin University of Electronic Technology, China (Grant No. IRTGUET).

On the sufficiency of pairwise interactions in maximum entropy models of networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nemenman, Ilya; Merchan, Lina

Biological information processing networks consist of many components, which are coupled by an even larger number of complex multivariate interactions. However, analyses of data sets from fields as diverse as neuroscience, molecular biology, and behavior have reported that observed statistics of states of some biological networks can be approximated well by maximum entropy models with only pairwise interactions among the components. Based on simulations of random Ising spin networks with p-spin (p > 2) interactions, here we argue that this reduction in complexity can be thought of as a natural property of some densely interacting networks in certain regimes, and not necessarily as a special property of living systems. This work was supported in part by James S. McDonnell Foundation Grant No. 220020321.

Times of Maximum Light: The Passband Dependence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Joner, M. D.; Laney, C. D.

2004-05-01

We present UBVRIJHK light curves for the dwarf Cepheid variable star AD Canis Minoris. These data are part of a larger project to determine absolute magnitudes for this class of stars. Our figures clearly show changes in the times of maximum light, the amplitude, and the light curve morphology that are dependent on the passband used in the observation. Note that when data from a variety of passbands are used in studies that require a period analysis or that search for small changes in the pulsational period, it is easy to introduce significant systematic errors into the results. We thank the Brigham Young University Department of Physics and Astronmy for continued support of our research. We also acknowledge the South African Astronomical Observatory for time granted to this project.

Phase Contrast Imaging on the HL-2A Tokamak

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Yi; Gong, Shaobo; Xu, Min; Jiang, Wei; Zhong, Wulv; Shi, Zhongbin; Wang, Huajie; Wu, Yifan; Yuan, Boda; Lan, Tao; Ye, Minyou; Duan, Xuru; HL-2A Team

2016-10-01

In this article we present the design of a phase contrast imaging (PCI) system on the HL-2A tokamak. This diagnostic is developed to infer line integrated plasma density fluctuations by measuring the phase shift of an expanded CO2 laser beam passing through magnetically confined high temperature plasmas. This system is designed to diagnose plasma density fluctuations with the maximum wavenumber of 66 cm-1. The designed wavenumber resolution is 2.09cm-1, and the time resolution is higher than 0.2 μs. The broad kρs ranging from 0.34 to 13.37 makes it suitable for turbulence measurement. An upgraded PCI system is also discussed, which is designed for the HL-2M tokamak. Supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Energy Research Project (Grant No. 2015GB120002), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11375053, 11105144, 10905057, 11535013).

Fabrication and characterization of the normally-off N-channel lateral 4H-SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qing-Wen, Song; Xiao-Yan, Tang; Yan-Jing, He; Guan-Nan, Tang; Yue-Hu, Wang; Yi-Meng, Zhang; Hui, Guo; Ren-Xu, Jia; Hong-Liang, Lv; Yi-Men, Zhang; Yu-Ming, Zhang

2016-03-01

In this paper, the normally-off N-channel lateral 4H-SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFFETs) have been fabricated and characterized. A sandwich- (nitridation-oxidation-nitridation) type process was used to grow the gate dielectric film to obtain high channel mobility. The interface properties of 4H-SiC/SiO2 were examined by the measurement of HF I-V, G-V, and C-V over a range of frequencies. The ideal C-V curve with little hysteresis and the frequency dispersion were observed. As a result, the interface state density near the conduction band edge of 4H-SiC was reduced to 2 × 1011 eV-1·cm-2, the breakdown field of the grown oxides was about 9.8 MV/cm, the median peak field-effect mobility is about 32.5 cm2·V-1·s-1, and the maximum peak field-effect mobility of 38 cm2·V-1·s-1 was achieved in fabricated lateral 4H-SiC MOSFFETs. Projcet supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61404098, 61176070, and 61274079), the Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China (Grant Nos. 20110203110010 and 20130203120017), the National Key Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2015CB759600), and the Key Specific Projects of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 625010101).

Two-dimensional arsenic monolayer sheet predicted from first-principles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pu, Chun-Ying; Ye, Xiao-Tao; Jiang, Hua-Long; Zhang, Fei-Wu; Lu, Zhi-Wen; He, Jun-Bao; Zhou, Da-Wei

2015-03-01

Using first-principles calculations, we investigate the two-dimensional arsenic nanosheet isolated from bulk gray arsenic. Its dynamical stability is confirmed by phonon calculations and molecular dynamics analyzing. The arsenic sheet is an indirect band gap semiconductor with a band gap of 2.21 eV in the hybrid HSE06 functional calculations. The valence band maximum (VBM) and the conduction band minimum (CBM) are mainly occupied by the 4p orbitals of arsenic atoms, which is consistent with the partial charge densities of VBM and CBM. The charge density of the VBM G point has the character of a π bond, which originates from p orbitals. Furthermore, tensile and compressive strains are applied in the armchair and zigzag directions, related to the tensile deformations of zigzag and armchair nanotubes, respectively. We find that the ultimate strain in zigzag deformation is 0.13, smaller than 0.18 of armchair deformation. The limit compressive stresses of single-layer arsenic along armchair and zigzag directions are -4.83 GPa and -4.76 GPa with corresponding strains of -0.15 and -0.14, respectively. Projected supported by the Henan Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U1304612 and U1404608), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51374132 and 11404175), the Special Fund for Theoretical Physics of China (Grant No. 11247222), and Nanyang Normal University Science Foundation, China (Grant Nos. ZX2012018 and ZX2013019).

In vitro antiplasmodial activity of bacterium RJAUTHB 14 associated with marine sponge Haliclona Grant against Plasmodium falciparum.

PubMed

Jacob Inbaneson, Samuel; Ravikumar, Sundaram

2012-06-01

Malaria is the most important parasitic disease, leading to annual death of about one million people, and the Plasmodium falciparum develops resistance to well-established antimalarial drugs. The newest antiplasmodial drug from a marine microorganism helps in addressing this problem. In the present study, Haliclona Grant were collected and subjected for enumeration and isolation of associated bacteria. The count of bacterial isolates was maximum in November 2007 (18 × 10(4) colony-forming units (CFU) g(-1), and the average count was maximum during the monsoon season (117 × 10(3) CFU g(-1)). Thirty-three morphologically different bacterial isolates were isolated from Haliclona Grant, and the extracellular ethyl acetate extracts were screened for antiplasmodial activity against P. falciparum. The antiplasmodial activity of bacterium RJAUTHB 14 (11.98 μg[Symbol: see text]ml(-1)) is highly comparable with the positive control chloroquine (IC(50) 19.59 μg[Symbol: see text]ml(-1)), but the other 21 bacterial extracts showed an IC(50) value of more than 100 μg[Symbol: see text]ml(-1). Statistical analysis reveals that significant in vitro antiplasmodial activity (P < 0.05) was observed between the concentrations and time of exposure. The chemical injury to erythrocytes showed no morphological changes in erythrocytes by the ethyl acetate extract of bacterial isolates after 48 h of incubation. The in vitro antiplasmodial activity might be due to the presence of reducing sugars and alkaloids in the ethyl acetate extracts of bacterium RJAUTHB 14. The 16S rRNA gene partial sequence of bacterium RJAUTHB 14 is deposited in NCBI (GenBank accession no. GU269569). It is concluded from the present study that the ethyl acetate extracts of bacterium RJAUTHB 14 possess lead compounds for the development of antiplasmodial drugs.

NASA's university program: Active grants and research contracts, fiscal year 1978

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1978-01-01

As basic policy NASA believes that colleges and universities should be encouraged to participate in the space and aeronautics program to the maximum extent practicable. The NASA objective is to have them bring their scientific, engineering, and social research competence to bear on aerospace problems and on the broader social, economic, and international implications of NASA technical and scientific programs. This annual report is one means of documenting the NASA-university relationship, frequently denoted, collectively, as NASA University Program.

U.S. Trade and Investment Relationship with Sub-Saharan Africa: The African Growth and Opportunity Act and Beyond

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-10-28

initiative, which granted LDCs tariff-free access to all goods, except for sugar , rice, and bananas , for which products a tariff- rate quota system...for AGOA beneficiaries; and strengthening the link between poverty reduction and trade in Africa. This product will be updated periodically. Contents ...fabric and yarns. The legislation also increased the maximum allowable content of non-regional or non-U.S. fibers or yarns in AGOA eligible apparel

Quantum Image Processing and Storage with Four Wave Mixing

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-08-10

have studied squeezed light in interferometric applications. During the grant period one graduate student, Jeremy Clark, finished with a PhD [1] in...just one phase-quadrature of the signal, it would seem disturbing if we had the same dispersion as in the PIA case , but no noise, and if we were thus...to achieve the maximum gain condition. Thus, with the same geometry as the twin-beam, phase-insensitive case , if one pumps on what would have been

Security-aware Virtual Machine Allocation in the Cloud: A Game Theoretic Approach

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-01-13

predecessor, however, this paper used empirical evidence and actual data from running experiments on the Amazon EC2 cloud . They began by running all 5...is through effective VM allocation management of the cloud provider to ensure delivery of maximum security for all cloud users. The negative... Cloud : A Game Theoretic Approach 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f

Phonon dispersion on Ag (100) surface: A modified analytic embedded atom method study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiao-Jun, Zhang; Chang-Le, Chen

2016-01-01

Within the harmonic approximation, the analytic expression of the dynamical matrix is derived based on the modified analytic embedded atom method (MAEAM) and the dynamics theory of surface lattice. The surface phonon dispersions along three major symmetry directions , and X¯M¯ are calculated for the clean Ag (100) surface by using our derived formulas. We then discuss the polarization and localization of surface modes at points X¯ and M¯ by plotting the squared polarization vectors as a function of the layer index. The phonon frequencies of the surface modes calculated by MAEAM are compared with the available experimental and other theoretical data. It is found that the present results are generally in agreement with the referenced experimental or theoretical results, with a maximum deviation of 10.4%. The agreement shows that the modified analytic embedded atom method is a reasonable many-body potential model to quickly describe the surface lattice vibration. It also lays a significant foundation for studying the surface lattice vibration in other metals. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61471301 and 61078057), the Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department, China (Grant No. 14JK1301), and the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education, China (Grant No. 20126102110045).

A C-band 55% PAE high gain two-stage power amplifier based on AlGaN/GaN HEMT

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zheng, Jia-Xin; Ma, Xiao-Hua; Lu, Yang; Zhao, Bo-Chao; Zhang, Hong-He; Zhang, Meng; Cao, Meng-Yi; Hao, Yue

2015-10-01

A C-band high efficiency and high gain two-stage power amplifier based on AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) is designed and measured in this paper. The input and output impedances for the optimum power-added efficiency (PAE) are determined at the fundamental and 2nd harmonic frequency (f0 and 2f0). The harmonic manipulation networks are designed both in the driver stage and the power stage which manipulate the second harmonic to a very low level within the operating frequency band. Then the inter-stage matching network and the output power combining network are calculated to achieve a low insertion loss. So the PAE and the power gain is greatly improved. In an operation frequency range of 5.4 GHz-5.8 GHz in CW mode, the amplifier delivers a maximum output power of 18.62 W, with a PAE of 55.15% and an associated power gain of 28.7 dB, which is an outstanding performance. Project supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2011CBA00606), Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University, China (Grant No. NCET-12-0915), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61334002).

Distribution of electron traps in SiO2/HfO2 nMOSFET

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiao-Hui, Hou; Xue-Feng, Zheng; Ao-Chen, Wang; Ying-Zhe, Wang; Hao-Yu, Wen; Zhi-Jing, Liu; Xiao-Wei, Li; Yin-He, Wu

2016-05-01

In this paper, the principle of discharge-based pulsed I-V technique is introduced. By using it, the energy and spatial distributions of electron traps within the 4-nm HfO2 layer have been extracted. Two peaks are observed, which are located at ΔE ˜ -1.0 eV and -1.43 eV, respectively. It is found that the former one is close to the SiO2/HfO2 interface and the latter one is close to the gate electrode. It is also observed that the maximum discharge time has little effect on the energy distribution. Finally, the impact of electrical stress on the HfO2 layer is also studied. During stress, no new electron traps and interface states are generated. Meanwhile, the electrical stress also has no impact on the energy and spatial distribution of as-grown traps. The results provide valuable information for theoretical modeling establishment, material assessment, and reliability improvement for advanced semiconductor devices. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61334002, 61106106, and 61474091), the New Experiment Development Funds for Xidian University, China (Grant No. SY1434), and the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry, China (Grant No. JY0600132501).

Nash and integrated solutions in a just-in-time seller-buyer supply chain with buyer's ordering cost reductions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lou, Kuo-Ren; Wang, Lu

2016-05-01

The seller frequently offers the buyer trade credit to settle the purchase amount. From the seller's prospective, granting trade credit increases not only the opportunity cost (i.e., the interest loss on the buyer's purchase amount during the credit period) but also the default risk (i.e., the rate that the buyer will be unable to pay off his/her debt obligations). On the other hand, granting trade credit increases sales volume and revenue. Consequently, trade credit is an important strategy to increase seller's profitability. In this paper, we assume that the seller uses trade credit and number of shipments in a production run as decision variables to maximise his/her profit, while the buyer determines his/her replenishment cycle time and capital investment as decision variables to reduce his/her ordering cost and achieve his/her maximum profit. We then derive non-cooperative Nash solution and cooperative integrated solution in a just-in-time inventory system, in which granting trade credit increases not only the demand but also the opportunity cost and default risk, and the relationship between the capital investment and the ordering cost reduction is logarithmic. Then, we use a software to solve and compare these two distinct solutions. Finally, we use sensitivity analysis to obtain some managerial insights.

Evaluation of several schemes for classification of remotely sensed data: Their parameters and performance. [Foster County, North Dakota; Grant County, Kansas; Iroquois County, Illinois, Tippecanoe County, Indiana; and Pottawattamie and Shelby Counties, Iowa

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Scholz, D.; Fuhs, N.; Hixson, M.; Akiyama, T. (Principal Investigator)

1979-01-01

The author has identified the following significant results. Data sets for corn, soybeans, winter wheat, and spring wheat were used to evaluate the following schemes for crop identification: (1) per point Gaussian maximum classifier; (2) per point sum of normal densities classifiers; (3) per point linear classifier; (4) per point Gaussian maximum likelihood decision tree classifiers; and (5) texture sensitive per field Gaussian maximum likelihood classifier. Test site location and classifier both had significant effects on classification accuracy of small grains; classifiers did not differ significantly in overall accuracy, with the majority of the difference among classifiers being attributed to training method rather than to the classification algorithm applied. The complexity of use and computer costs for the classifiers varied significantly. A linear classification rule which assigns each pixel to the class whose mean is closest in Euclidean distance was the easiest for the analyst and cost the least per classification.

Maximum Entropy Method applied to Real-time Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zempo, Yasunari; Toogoshi, Mitsuki; Kano, Satoru S.

Maximum Entropy Method (MEM) is widely used for the analysis of a time-series data such as an earthquake, which has fairly long-periodicity but short observable data. We have examined MEM to apply to the optical analysis of the time-series data from the real-time TDDFT. In the analysis, usually Fourier Transform (FT) is used, and we have to pay our attention to the lower energy part such as the band gap, which requires the long time evolution. The computational cost naturally becomes quite expensive. Since MEM is based on the autocorrelation of the signal, in which the periodicity can be described as the difference of time-lags, its value in the lower energy naturally gets small compared to that in the higher energy. To improve the difficulty, our MEM has the two features: the raw data is repeated it many times and concatenated, which provides the lower energy resolution in high resolution; together with the repeated data, an appropriate phase for the target frequency is introduced to reduce the side effect of the artificial periodicity. We have compared our improved MEM and FT spectrum using small-to-medium size molecules. We can see the clear spectrum of MEM, compared to that of FT. Our new technique provides higher resolution in fewer steps, compared to that of FT. This work was partially supported by JSPS Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) Grant number 16K05047, Sumitomo Chemical, Co. Ltd., and Simulatio Corp.

A comparison of critical care research funding and the financial burden of critical illness in the United States.

PubMed

Coopersmith, Craig M; Wunsch, Hannah; Fink, Mitchell P; Linde-Zwirble, Walter T; Olsen, Keith M; Sommers, Marilyn S; Anand, Kanwaljeet J S; Tchorz, Kathryn M; Angus, Derek C; Deutschman, Clifford S

2012-04-01

To estimate federal dollars spent on critical care research, the cost of providing critical care, and to determine whether the percentage of federal research dollars spent on critical care research is commensurate with the financial burden of critical care. The National Institutes of Health Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects database was queried to identify funded grants whose title or abstract contained a key word potentially related to critical care. Each grant identified was analyzed by two reviewers (three if the analysis was discordant) to subjectively determine whether it was definitely, possibly, or definitely not related to critical care. Hospital and total costs of critical care were estimated from the Premier Database, state discharge data, and Medicare data. To estimate healthcare expenditures associated with caring for critically ill patients, total costs were calculated as the combination of hospitalization costs that included critical illness as well as additional costs in the year after hospital discharge. Of 19,257 grants funded by the National Institutes of Health, 332 (1.7%) were definitely related to critical care and a maximum of 1212 (6.3%) grants were possibly related to critical care. Between 17.4% and 39.0% of total hospital costs were spent on critical care, and a total of between $121 and $263 billion was estimated to be spent on patients who required intensive care. This represents 5.2% to 11.2%, respectively, of total U.S. healthcare spending. The proportion of research dollars spent on critical care is lower than the percentage of healthcare expenditures related to critical illness.

Exciplex formation and electroluminescent absorption in ultraviolet organic light-emitting diodes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Qi; Zhang, Hao; Zhang, Xiao-Wen; Xu, Tao; Wei, Bin

2015-02-01

We investigated the formation of exciplex and electroluminescent absorption in ultraviolet organic light-emitting diodes (UV OLEDs) using different heterojunction structures. It is found that an energy barrier of over 0.3 eV between the emissive layer (EML) and adjacent transport layer facilitates exciplex formation. The electron blocking layer effectively confines electrons in the EML, which contributes to pure UV emission and enhances efficiency. The change in EML thickness generates tunable UV emission from 376 nm to 406 nm. In addition, the UV emission excites low-energy organic function layers and produces photoluminescent emission. In UV OLED, avoiding the exciplex formation and averting light absorption can effectively improve the purity and efficiency. A maximum external quantum efficiency of 1.2% with a UV emission peak of 376 nm is realized. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61136003 and 61275041) and the Guangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China (Grant No. 2012GXNSFBA053168).

Survey of the spectral properties of turbulence in the solar wind, the magnetospheres of Venus and Earth, at solar minimum and maximum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Echim, Marius M.

2014-05-01

In the framework of the European FP7 project STORM ("Solar system plasma Turbulence: Observations, inteRmittency and Multifractals") we analyze the properties of turbulence in various regions of the solar system, for the minimum and respectively maximum of the solar activity. The main scientific objective of STORM is to advance the understanding of the turbulent energy transfer, intermittency and multifractals in space plasmas. Specific analysis methods are applied on magnetic field and plasma data provided by Ulysses, Venus Express and Cluster, as well as other solar system missions (e.g. Giotto, Cassini). In this paper we provide an overview of the spectral properties of turbulence derived from Power Spectral Densities (PSD) computed in the solar wind (from Ulysses, Cluster, Venus Express) and at the interface of planetary magnetospheres with the solar wind (from Venus Express, Cluster). Ulysses provides data in the solar wind between 1992 and 2008, out of the ecliptic, at radial distances ranging between 1.3 and 5.4 AU. We selected only those Ulysses data that satisfy a consolidated set of selection criteria able to identify "pure" fast and slow wind. We analyzed Venus Express data close to the orbital apogee, in the solar wind, at 0.72 AU, and in the Venus magnetosheath. We investigated Cluster data in the solar wind (for time intervals not affected by planetary ions effects), the magnetosheath and few crossings of other key magnetospheric regions (cusp, plasma sheet). We organize our PSD results in three solar wind data bases (one for the solar maximum, 1999-2001, two for the solar minimum, 1997-1998 and respectively, 2007-2008), and two planetary databases (one for the solar maximum, 2000-2001, that includes PSD obtained in the terrestrial magnetosphere, and one for the solar minimum, 2007-2008, that includes PSD obtained in the terrestrial and Venus magnetospheres and magnetosheaths). In addition to investigating the properties of turbulence for the minimum and maximum of the solar cycle we also analyze the spectral similarities and differences between fast and slow wind turbulence. We emphasize the importance of our data survey and analysis in the context of understanding the solar wind turbulence, the exploitation of data bases and as a first step towards developing a (virtual) laboratory for studying solar system plasma turbulence. Research supported by the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no 313038/STORM, and a grant of the Romanian Ministry of National Education, CNCS - UEFISCDI, project number PN-II-ID-PCE-2012-4-0418.

Use of Fibonacci numbers in lipidomics - Enumerating various classes of fatty acids.

PubMed

Schuster, Stefan; Fichtner, Maximilian; Sasso, Severin

2017-01-10

In lipid biochemistry, a fundamental question is how the potential number of fatty acids increases with their chain length. Here, we show that it grows according to the famous Fibonacci numbers when cis/trans isomerism is neglected. Since the ratio of two consecutive Fibonacci numbers tends to the Golden section, 1.618, organisms can increase fatty acid variability approximately by that factor per carbon atom invested. Moreover, we show that, under consideration of cis/trans isomerism and/or of modification by hydroxy and/or oxo groups, diversity can be described by generalized Fibonacci numbers (e.g. Pell numbers). For the sake of easy comprehension, we deliberately build the proof on the recursive definitions of these number series. Our results should be of interest for mass spectrometry, combinatorial chemistry, synthetic biology, patent applications, use of fatty acids as biomarkers and the theory of evolution. The recursive definition of Fibonacci numbers paves the way to construct all structural formulas of fatty acids in an automated way.

Cutting Edge: Molecular Structure of the IL-1R-Associated Kinase-4 Death Domain and Its Implications for TLR Signaling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lasker, Michael V.; Gajjar, Mark M.; Nair, Satish K.

2010-07-19

IL-1R-associated kinase (IRAK) 4 is an essential component of innate immunity. IRAK-4 deficiency in mice and humans results in severe impairment of IL-1 and TLR signaling. We have solved the crystal structure for the death domain of Mus musculus IRAK-4 to 1.7 {angstrom} resolution. This is the first glimpse of the structural details of a mammalian IRAK family member. The crystal structure reveals a six-helical bundle with a prominent loop, which among IRAKs and Pelle, a Drosophila homologue, is unique to IRAK-4. This highly structured loop contained between helices two and three, comprises an 11-aa stretch. Although innate immune domainmore » recognition is thought to be very similar between Drosophila and mammals, this structural component points to a drastic difference. This structure can be used as a framework for future mutation and deletion studies and potential drug design.« less

Teaching the tacit knowledge of programming to noviceswith natural language tutoring

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lane, H. Chad; Vanlehn, Kurt

2005-09-01

For beginning programmers, inadequate problem solving and planning skills are among the most salient of their weaknesses. In this paper, we test the efficacy of natural language tutoring to teach and scaffold acquisition of these skills. We describe ProPL (Pro-PELL), a dialogue-based intelligent tutoring system that elicits goal decompositions and program plans from students in natural language. The system uses a variety of tutoring tactics that leverage students' intuitive understandings of the problem, how it might be solved, and the underlying concepts of programming. We report the results of a small-scale evaluation comparing students who used ProPL with a control group who read the same content. Our primary findings are that students who received tutoring from ProPL seem to have developed an improved ability to solve the composition problem and displayed behaviors that suggest they were able to think at greater levels of abstraction than students in the read-only group.

Predictive factors of difficulty in lower third molar extraction: A prospective cohort study.

PubMed

Alvira-González, J; Figueiredo, R; Valmaseda-Castellón, E; Quesada-Gómez, C; Gay-Escoda, C

2017-01-01

Several publications have measured the difficulty of third molar removal, trying to establish the main risk factors, however several important preoperative and intraoperative variables are overlooked. A prospective cohort study comprising a total of 130 consecutive lower third molar extractions was performed. The outcome variables used to measure the difficulty of the extraction were operation time and a 100mm visual analogue scale filled by the surgeon at the end of the surgical procedure. The predictors were divided into 4 different groups (demographic, anatomic, radiographic and operative variables). A descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analysis of the data was performed. Patients' weight, the presence of bulbous roots, the need to perform crown and root sectioning of the lower third molar and Pell and Gregory 123 classification significantly influenced both outcome variables (p< 0.05). Certain anatomical, radiological and operative variables appear to be important factors in the assessment of surgical difficulty in the extraction of lower third molars.

Solar system plasma turbulence and intermittency at the maximum and minimum of the solar cycle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Echim, Marius M.

2015-04-01

We report on the analysis of turbulence properties of the solar wind and the planetary magnetosheaths of Venus and Earth at solar maximum (2000-2001) and minimum (1997-1998, 2007-2008) as revealed by Ulysses, Cluster and Venus Express. We provide an overview of the spectral and scaling properties of turbulence during the targeted time periods. A selection of Ulysses data reveals the spectral properties of the "pure" slow and "pure" fast solar wind turbulence, out of the ecliptic, at radial distances ranging between 1.3 and 5.4 AU. Venus Express and Cluster data contribute to the description of the solar wind turbulence at 0.72 AU and respectively 1 AU. The spectral analysis of magnetosheath data from Venus Express and Cluster reveals the properties of turbulence to be compared to solar wind turbulence. The statistical properties of plasma and magnetic field fluctuations exhibit features linked with intermittency revealed as non-Gaussian Probability Distribution Functions (PDFs) and scale dependent kurtosis. PDFs are computed for the solar wind data from Ulysses, Venus Express and Cluster, and complement the analysis based on second order corrrelation function. The same strategy is applied to study the intermittency of the magnetosheath turbulence of Venus and the Earth. The results of our thorough survey of data bases are organized in catalogues available on line: PSD and PDFs results are stored in three solar wind data bases (one for the solar maximum, 1999-2001, two for the solar minimum, 1997-1998 and respectively, 2007-2008), and two planetary databases (one for the solar maximum, 2000-2001, that includes PSDs and PDFs obtained in the terrestrial magnetosheath, and one for the solar minimum, 2007-2008, that includes PSDs and PDFs obtained in the terrestrial and Venus magnetosheaths). As an example of higher order analysis resulting from these results we discuss the similarities and differences between fast and slow wind turbulence and intermittency. We also discuss how the exploitation of data bases produced by the FP7 project STORM contribute to developing a (virtual) laboratory for studying solar system plasma turbulence and intermittency. Research supported by the European FP7 Programme (grant agreement 313038/STORM), and a national grant CNCS -UEFISCDI, project number PN-II-ID-PCE-2012-4-0418.

High color rendering index white organic light-emitting diode using levofloxacin as blue emitter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miao, Yan-Qin; Gao, Zhi-Xiang; Zhang, Ai-Qin; Li, Yuan-Hao; Wang, Hua; Jia, Hu-Sheng; Liu, Xu-Guang; Tsuboi, Taijuf

2015-05-01

Levofloxacin (LOFX), which is well-known as an antibiotic medicament, was shown to be useful as a 452-nm blue emitter for white organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this paper, the fabricated white OLED contains a 452-nm blue emitting layer (thickness of 30 nm) with 1 wt% LOFX doped in CBP (4,4’-bis(carbazol-9-yl)biphenyl) host and a 584-nm orange emitting layer (thickness of 10 nm) with 0.8 wt% DCJTB (4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-tert-butyl-6-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidin-4-yl-vinyl)-4H-pyran) doped in CBP, which are separated by a 20-nm-thick buffer layer of TPBi (2,2’,2”-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)-tri(1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazole). A high color rendering index (CRI) of 84.5 and CIE chromaticity coordinates of (0.33, 0.32), which is close to ideal white emission CIE (0.333, 0.333), are obtained at a bias voltage of 14 V. Taking into account that LOFX is less expensive and the synthesis and purification technologies of LOFX are mature, these results indicate that blue fluorescence emitting LOFX is useful for applications to white OLEDs although the maximum current efficiency and luminance are not high. The present paper is expected to become a milestone to using medical drug materials for OLEDs. Project supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. NCET-13-0927), the International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China (Grant No. 2012DFR50460), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 21101111 and 61274056), and the Shanxi Provincial Key Innovative Research Team in Science and Technology, China (Grant No. 2012041011).

Improving the performance of perovskite solar cells with glycerol-doped PEDOT:PSS buffer layer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jian-Feng, Li; Chuang, Zhao; Heng, Zhang; Jun-Feng, Tong; Peng, Zhang; Chun-Yan, Yang; Yang-Jun, Xia; Duo-Wang, Fan

2016-02-01

In this paper, we investigate the effects of glycerol doping on transmittance, conductivity and surface morphology of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)) (PEDOT:PSS) and its influence on the performance of perovskite solar cells. . The conductivity of PEDOT:PSS is improved obviously by doping glycerol. The maximum of the conductivity is 0.89 S/cm when the doping concentration reaches 6 wt%, which increases about 127 times compared with undoped. The perovskite solar cells are fabricated with a configuration of indium tin oxide (ITO)/PEDOT:PSS/CH3NH3PbI3/PC61BM/Al, where PEDOT:PSS and PC61BM are used as hole and electron transport layers, respectively. The results show an improvement of hole charge transport as well as an increase of short-circuit current density and a reduction of series resistance, owing to the higher conductivity of the doped PEDOT:PSS. Consequently, it improves the whole performance of perovskite solar cell. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the device is improved from 8.57% to 11.03% under AM 1.5 G (100 mW/cm2 illumination) after the buffer layer has been modified. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61264002, 61166002, 91333206, and 51463011), the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province, China (Grant No. 1308RJZA159), the New Century Excellent Talents in University of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. NCET-13-0840), the Research Project of Graduate Teacher of Gansu Province, China (Grant No. 2014A-0042), and the Postdoctoral Science Foundation from Lanzhou Jiaotong University, China.

Kinase domain-targeted isolation of defense-related receptor-like kinases (RLK/Pelle) in Platanus×acerifolia: phylogenetic and structural analysis.

PubMed

Pilotti, Massimo; Brunetti, Angela; Uva, Paolo; Lumia, Valentina; Tizzani, Lorenza; Gervasi, Fabio; Iacono, Michele; Pindo, Massimo

2014-12-08

Plant receptor-like kinase (RLK/Pelle) family regulates growth and developmental processes and interaction with pathogens and symbionts.Platanaceae is one of the earliest branches of Eudicots temporally located before the split which gave rise to Rosids and Asterids. Thus investigations into the RLK family in Platanus can provide information on the evolution of this gene family in the land plants.Moreover RLKs are good candidates for finding genes that are able to confer resistance to Platanus pathogens. Degenerate oligonucleotide primers targeting the kinase domain of stress-related RLKs were used to isolate for the first time 111 RLK gene fragments in Platanus×acerifolia. Sequences were classified as candidates of the following subfamilies: CrRLK1L, LRR XII, WAK-like, and LRR X-BRI1 group. All the structural features typical of the RLK kinase domain were identified, including the non-RD motif which marks potential pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs). The LRR XII candidates, whose counterpart in Arabidopsis and rice comprises non-RD PRRs, were mostly non-RD kinases, suggesting a group of PRRs. Region-specific signatures of a relaxed purifying selection in the LRR XII candidates were also found, which is novel for plant RLK kinase domain and further supports the role of LRR XII candidates as PRRs. As we obtained CrRLK1L candidates using primers designed on Pto of tomato, we analysed the phylogenetic relationship between CrRLK1L and Pto-like of plant species. We thus classified all non-solanaceous Pto-like genes as CrRLK1L and highlighted for the first time the close phylogenetic vicinity between CrRLK1L and Pto group. The origins of Pto from CrRLK1L is proposed as an evolutionary mechanism. The signatures of relaxed purifying selection highlight that a group of RLKs might have been involved in the expression of phenotypic plasticity and is thus a good candidate for investigations into pathogen resistance.Search of Pto-like genes in Platanus highlighted the close relationship between CrRLK1L and Pto group. It will be exciting to verify if sensu strictu Pto are present in taxonomic groups other than Solanaceae, in order to further clarify the evolutionary link with CrRLK1L.We obtained a first valuable resource useful for an in-depth study on stress perception systems.

Mid-latitude empirical model of the height distribution of atomic oxygen in the MLT region for different solar and geophysical conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Semenov, A.; Shefov, N.; Fadel, Kh.

The model of altitude distributions of atomic oxygen in the region of the mesopause and lower thermosphere (MLT) is constructed on the basis of empirical models of variations of the intensities, temperatures and altitudes of maximum of the layers of the emissions of atomic oxygen at 557.7 nm, hydroxyl and Atmospheric system of molecular oxygen. An altitude concentration distribution of neutral components is determined on the basis of systematization of the long-term data of temperature of the middle atmosphere from rocket, nightglow and ionospheric measurements at heights of 30-110 km in middle latitudes. They include dependence on a season, solar activity and a long-term trend. Examples of results of calculation for different months of year for conditions of the lower and higher solar activity are presented. With increasing of solar activity, the height of a layer of a maximum of atomic oxygen becomes lower, and the thickness of the layer increases. There is a high correlation between characteristics of a layer of atomic oxygen and a maximum of temperature at heights of the mesopause and lower thermosphere. This work is supported by grant of ISTC No. 2274.

Population Synthesis of Radio and Gamma-ray Pulsars using the Maximum Likelihood Approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Billman, Caleb; Gonthier, P. L.; Harding, A. K.

2012-01-01

We present the results of a pulsar population synthesis of normal pulsars from the Galactic disk using a maximum likelihood method. We seek to maximize the likelihood of a set of parameters in a Monte Carlo population statistics code to better understand their uncertainties and the confidence region of the model's parameter space. The maximum likelihood method allows for the use of more applicable Poisson statistics in the comparison of distributions of small numbers of detected gamma-ray and radio pulsars. Our code simulates pulsars at birth using Monte Carlo techniques and evolves them to the present assuming initial spatial, kick velocity, magnetic field, and period distributions. Pulsars are spun down to the present and given radio and gamma-ray emission characteristics. We select measured distributions of radio pulsars from the Parkes Multibeam survey and Fermi gamma-ray pulsars to perform a likelihood analysis of the assumed model parameters such as initial period and magnetic field, and radio luminosity. We present the results of a grid search of the parameter space as well as a search for the maximum likelihood using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. We express our gratitude for the generous support of the Michigan Space Grant Consortium, of the National Science Foundation (REU and RUI), the NASA Astrophysics Theory and Fundamental Program and the NASA Fermi Guest Investigator Program.

Analysis of the aerodynamic interaction between two plunging plates in tandem at low Reynolds number for maximum propulsive efficiency

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ortega-Casanova, Joaquin; Fernandez-Feria, Ramon

2015-11-01

The thrust generated by two heaving plates in tandem is analysed for two particular sets of configurations of interest in forward flight: a plunging leading plate with the trailing plate at rest, and the two plates heaving with the same frequency and amplitude, but varying the phase difference. The thrust efficiency of the leading plate is augmented in relation to a single plate heaving with the same frequency and amplitude in most cases. In the first configuration, we characterize the range of nondimensional heaving frequencies and amplitudes of the leading plate for which the stationary trailing plate contributes positively to the global thrust. The maximum global thrust efficiency, reached for an advance ratio slightly less than unity and a reduced frequency close to 5, is about the same as the maximum efficiency for an isolated plate. But for low frequencies the tandem configuration with the trailing plate at rest is more thrust efficient than the isolated plate. In the second configuration, we find that the maximum thrust efficiency is reached for a phase lag of 180o (counterstroking), particularly for an advance ratio unity and a reduced frequency 4.4, and it is practically the same as in the other configuration and that for a single plate. Supported by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain Grant no. DPI2013-40479-P.

Wall-modeled large eddy simulation of high-lift devices from low to post-stall angle of attacks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bodart, Julien; Larsson, Johan; Moin, Parviz

2013-11-01

The flow around a McDonnell-Douglas 30P/30N multi-element airfoil at the flight Reynolds number of 9 million (based on chord) is computed using LES with an equilibrium wall-model with special treatment for transitional flows. Several different angles of attack are considered, up to and including stall, challenging the wall-model in several flow regimes. The maximum lift coefficient, which is generally difficult to predict with RANS approaches, is accurately predicted, as compared to experiments performed in the NASA LPT wind-tunnel. NASA grant: NNX11AI60A.

Propulsion via flexible flapping in granular media

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peng, Zhiwei; Ding, Yang; Pietrzyk, Kyle; Elfring, Gwynn; Pak, On Shun

2017-11-01

Biological locomotion in nature is often achieved by the interaction between a flexible body and its surrounding medium. The interaction of a flexible body with granular media is less understood compared with viscous fluids partially due to its complex rheological properties. In this work, we explore the effect of flexibility on granular propulsion by considering a simple mechanical model in which a rigid rod is connected to a torsional spring that is under a displacement actuation using a granular resistive force theory. Through a combined numerical and asymptotic investigation, we characterize the propulsive dynamics of such a flexible flapper in relation to the actuation amplitude and spring stiffness, and we compare these dynamics with those observed in a viscous fluid. In addition, we demonstrate that the maximum possible propulsive force can be obtained in the steady propulsion limit with a finite spring stiffness and large actuation amplitude. These results may apply to the development of synthetic locomotive systems that exploit flexibility to move through complex terrestrial media. Funding for Z.P. and Y.D. was partially provided by NSFC 394 Grant No. 11672029 and NSAF-NSFC Grant No. U1530401.

Physics of Inference

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Toroczkai, Zoltan

Jaynes's maximum entropy method provides a family of principled models that allow the prediction of a system's properties as constrained by empirical data (observables). However, their use is often hindered by the degeneracy problem characterized by spontaneous symmetry breaking, where predictions fail. Here we show that degeneracy appears when the corresponding density of states function is not log-concave, which is typically the consequence of nonlinear relationships between the constraining observables. We illustrate this phenomenon on several examples, including from complex networks, combinatorics and classical spin systems (e.g., Blume-Emery-Griffiths lattice-spin models). Exploiting these nonlinear relationships we then propose a solution to the degeneracy problem for a large class of systems via transformations that render the density of states function log-concave. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated on real-world network data. Finally, we discuss the implications of these findings on the relationship between the geometrical properties of the density of states function and phase transitions in spin systems. Supported in part by Grant No. FA9550-12-1-0405 from AFOSR/DARPA and by Grant No. HDTRA 1-09-1-0039 from DTRA.

Gaussianity versus intermittency in solar system plasma turbulence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Echim, M.

2014-12-01

Statistical properties of plasma and magnetic field fluctuations exhibit features linked with the dynamics of the targeted system and sometimes with the physical processes that are at the origin of these fluctuations. Intermittency is sometimes discussed in terms of non-Gaussianity of the Probability Distribution Functions (PDFs) of fluctuations for ranges of spatio/temporal scales. Some examples of self-similarity have been however shown for PDFs whose wings are not Gaussian. In this study we discuss intermittency in terms of non-Gaussianity as well as scale dependence of the higher order moments of PDFs, in particular the flatness. We use magnetic field and plasma data from several space missions, in the solar wind (Ulysses, Cluster, and Venus Express), and in the planetary magnetosheaths (Cluster and Venus Express). We analyze Ulysses data that satisfy a consolidated set of selection criteria able to identify "pure" fast and slow wind. We investigate Venus Express data close to the orbital apogee, in the solar wind, at 0.72 AU, and in the Venus magnetosheath. We study Cluster data in the solar wind (for time intervals not affected by planetary ions effects), and the magnetosheath. We organize our results in three solar wind data bases (one for the solar maximum, 1999-2001, two for the solar minimum, 1997-1998 and respectively, 2007-2008), and two planetary databases (one for the solar maximum, 2000-2001, that includes PDFs obtained in the terrestrial magnetosphere, and one for the solar minimum, 2007-2008, that includes PDFs obtained in the terrestrial and Venus magnetospheres and magnetosheaths). In addition to investigating the statistical properties of fluctuations for the minimum and maximum of the solar cycle we also analyze the similarities and differences between fast and slow wind. We emphasize the importance of our data survey and analysis in the context of understanding the solar wind turbulence and complexity, and the exploitation of data bases and as a first step towards developing a (virtual) laboratory for studying solar system plasma turbulence and intermittency. Research supported by the European FP7 Programme (grant agreement 313038/STORM), and a grant of the Romanian CNCS -UEFISCDI, project number PN-II-ID-PCE-2012-4-0418.

Coolant Design System for Liquid Propellant Aerospike Engines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McConnell, Miranda; Branam, Richard

2015-11-01

Liquid propellant rocket engines burn at incredibly high temperatures making it difficult to design an effective coolant system. These particular engines prove to be extremely useful by powering the rocket with a variable thrust that is ideal for space travel. When combined with aerospike engine nozzles, which provide maximum thrust efficiency, this class of rockets offers a promising future for rocketry. In order to troubleshoot the problems that high combustion chamber temperatures pose, this research took a computational approach to heat analysis. Chambers milled into the combustion chamber walls, lined by a copper cover, were tested for their efficiency in cooling the hot copper wall. Various aspect ratios and coolants were explored for the maximum wall temperature by developing our own MATLAB code. The code uses a nodal temperature analysis with conduction and convection equations and assumes no internal heat generation. This heat transfer research will show oxygen is a better coolant than water, and higher aspect ratios are less efficient at cooling. This project funded by NSF REU Grant 1358991.

Bubble transport in bifurcations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bull, Joseph; Qamar, Adnan

2017-11-01

Motivated by a developmental gas embolotherapy technique for cancer treatment, we examine the transport of bubbles entrained in liquid. In gas embolotherapy, infarction of tumors is induced by selectively formed vascular gas bubbles that originate from acoustic vaporization of vascular droplets. In the case of non-functionalized droplets with the objective of vessel occlusion, the bubbles are transported by flow through vessel bifurcations, where they may split prior to eventually reach vessels small enough that they become lodged. This splitting behavior affects the distribution of bubbles and the efficacy of flow occlusion and the treatment. In these studies, we investigated bubble transport in bifurcations using computational and theoretical modeling. The model reproduces the variety of experimentally observed splitting behaviors. Splitting homogeneity and maximum shear stress along the vessel walls is predicted over a variety of physical parameters. Maximum shear stresses were found to decrease with increasing Reynolds number. The initial bubble length was found to affect the splitting behavior in the presence of gravitational asymmetry. This work was supported by NIH Grant R01EB006476.

Patent landscape of countermeasures against smallpox and estimation of grant attraction capability through patent landscape data.

PubMed

Mayburd, Anatoly L; Kedia, Govind; Evans, Haydn W; Kaslival, Pritesh C

2010-11-01

The study was concerned with countermeasures against a possible smallpox outbreak. In the process of assessment 18 landscaping sectors were defined and described, the advantages and drawbacks of the corresponding countermeasures being reviewed. The data of the previously published influenza landscape were revisited. The current economic climate of deficit cutting (austerity) also puts emphasis on the optimization of capital investment. We used the materials of the landscape to define and analyze metrics of capital placement optimization. Value score was obtained by fitting patent landscape internals to the sale price of individual patents. Success score was obtained as a product of a-priori parameters that measure likelihood of emergence of a marketable product in a technological sector. Both scores were combined in a qualitative metric. Our methodology defined weight as a product of the sector size by the success score. We hypothesized - based on the material of two landscapes- that a life cycle of a technology begins in IP space with a high patent quality low volume "bud" of low weight, reaches maximum weight and then weight falls again when the technology becomes outdated. The weight and the annual dynamic of weight can serve a measure of investment risk and return. In this report we modeled investment by issue of government grants or purchase of patents by government. In the smallpox landscape the number of patents purchased by government agencies was the highest in the sectors with the highest weight and the trend was confirmed by the count of NIH grants issued in support of the technological sectors. In the influenza landscape only grant issue count was statistically meaningful and the trend was also confirmed. To better fit the grant support levels, the weight expression was optimized by using training coefficients. We propose to use value scores for evaluation of individual patent publications/company portfolios and to use weights for assessment of technological sectors. Such a combination of automated analytical tools may lead to optimized allocation of capital and is intended to support the decisions taken by human experts.

Reduced-order prediction of rogue waves in two-dimensional deep-water waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sapsis, Themistoklis; Farazmand, Mohammad

2017-11-01

We consider the problem of large wave prediction in two-dimensional water waves. Such waves form due to the synergistic effect of dispersive mixing of smaller wave groups and the action of localized nonlinear wave interactions that leads to focusing. Instead of a direct simulation approach, we rely on the decomposition of the wave field into a discrete set of localized wave groups with optimal length scales and amplitudes. Due to the short-term character of the prediction, these wave groups do not interact and therefore their dynamics can be characterized individually. Using direct numerical simulations of the governing envelope equations we precompute the expected maximum elevation for each of those wave groups. The combination of the wave field decomposition algorithm, which provides information about the statistics of the system, and the precomputed map for the expected wave group elevation, which encodes dynamical information, allows (i) for understanding of how the probability of occurrence of rogue waves changes as the spectrum parameters vary, (ii) the computation of a critical length scale characterizing wave groups with high probability of evolving to rogue waves, and (iii) the formulation of a robust and parsimonious reduced-order prediction scheme for large waves. T.S. has been supported through the ONR Grants N00014-14-1-0520 and N00014-15-1-2381 and the AFOSR Grant FA9550-16-1-0231. M.F. has been supported through the second Grant.

Eye and heart at mortal war: coronaries and controversy in a smoke-free Scotland.

PubMed

Dockrell, Martin

2009-02-01

Evaluation of: Pell JP, Haw S, Cobbe S et al. Smoke-free legislation and hospitalizations for acute coronary syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. 359, 482-491 (2008). A study is published in one of the world's most reputable medical journals and is rated a "must read" by the prestigious Faculty of 1000 [101] , yet described in the BBC News Magazine--even before it is published--as looking like "over-hasty, over confident research" [102] and ranked among "the worst junk stats" of the year by a Pro Vice Chancellor of Oxford University. Amid scenes reminiscent of the AIDS conferences of the 1980s, researchers on their way to hear the initial presentation were forced to cross a line of angry pickets waving "Junk Science" placards. The issue is controversial enough to provoke the 'First World Congress on Smoking Bans and Lies' in January 2009, and it is precisely the rapidly growing weight of evidence, rather than the lack of it, that has made it a battleground in an emerging clash between the public health community and those who deny that secondhand smoke kills.