42 CFR 433.127 - Termination of FFP for failure to provide access to claims processing and information retrieval...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... claims processing and information retrieval systems. 433.127 Section 433.127 Public Health CENTERS FOR... PROGRAMS STATE FISCAL ADMINISTRATION Mechanized Claims Processing and Information Retrieval Systems § 433.127 Termination of FFP for failure to provide access to claims processing and information retrieval...

42 CFR 433.127 - Termination of FFP for failure to provide access to claims processing and information retrieval...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... claims processing and information retrieval systems. 433.127 Section 433.127 Public Health CENTERS FOR... PROGRAMS STATE FISCAL ADMINISTRATION Mechanized Claims Processing and Information Retrieval Systems § 433.127 Termination of FFP for failure to provide access to claims processing and information retrieval...

42 CFR 456.709 - Retrospective drug use review.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... through the State's mechanized drug claims processing and information retrieval systems approved by CMS (that is, the Medicaid Management Information System (MMIS)) or an electronic drug claims processing... Claims Management System for Outpatient Drug Claims § 456.709 Retrospective drug use review. (a) General...

42 CFR 433.138 - Identifying liable third parties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...) Integration with the State mechanized claims processing and information retrieval system. Basic requirement—Development of an action plan. (1) If a State has a mechanized claims processing and information retrieval... processing and information retrieval system. (2) The action plan must describe the actions and methodologies...

42 CFR 433.138 - Identifying liable third parties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...) Integration with the State mechanized claims processing and information retrieval system. Basic requirement—Development of an action plan. (1) If a State has a mechanized claims processing and information retrieval... processing and information retrieval system. (2) The action plan must describe the actions and methodologies...

42 CFR 433.138 - Identifying liable third parties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... processing and information retrieval system. Basic requirement—Development of an action plan. (1) If a State has a mechanized claims processing and information retrieval system approved by CMS under subpart C of... plan must be integrated with the mechanized claims processing and information retrieval system. (2) The...

42 CFR 433.138 - Identifying liable third parties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... processing and information retrieval system. Basic requirement—Development of an action plan. (1) If a State has a mechanized claims processing and information retrieval system approved by CMS under subpart C of... plan must be integrated with the mechanized claims processing and information retrieval system. (2) The...

42 CFR 433.138 - Identifying liable third parties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... processing and information retrieval system. Basic requirement—Development of an action plan. (1) If a State has a mechanized claims processing and information retrieval system approved by CMS under subpart C of... plan must be integrated with the mechanized claims processing and information retrieval system. (2) The...

42 CFR 433.112 - FFP for design, development, installation or enhancement of mechanized claims processing and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... enhancement of mechanized claims processing and information retrieval systems. 433.112 Section 433.112 Public... processing and information retrieval systems. (a) FFP is available at the 90 percent rate in State... information retrieval system only if the APD is approved by CMS prior to the State's expenditure of funds for...

45 CFR 205.35 - Mechanized claims processing and information retrieval systems; definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... State plan requirements for an automated statewide management information system, conditions for FFP and... produce utilization and management information about such aid and services as required by the single State... 45 Public Welfare 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Mechanized claims processing and information...

42 CFR 433.120 - Procedures for reduction of FFP after reapproval review.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Claims Processing and Information Retrieval Systems § 433.120 Procedures for reduction of FFP after... significance of the unsatisfactory conditions in overall mechanized claims processing and information retrieval...

42 CFR 495.302 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... management information system (MMIS) means a mechanized claims processing and information retrieval system—referred to as Medicaid Management Information Systems (MMIS)—that meets specified requirements and that... include claims processing and retrieval of utilization and management information necessary for program...

Medicaid Program; Mechanized Claims Processing and Information Retrieval Systems (90/10). Final rule.

PubMed

2015-12-04

This final rule will extend enhanced funding for Medicaid eligibility systems as part of a state's mechanized claims processing system, and will update conditions and standards for such systems, including adding to and updating current Medicaid Management Information Systems (MMIS) conditions and standards. These changes will allow states to improve customer service and support the dynamic nature of Medicaid eligibility, enrollment, and delivery systems.

Processing Instruction and Russian: Further Evidence Is IN

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Comer, William J.; deBenedette, Lynne

2011-01-01

In response to Leaver, Rifkin, and Shekhtman (2004), Wong and VanPatten (2004) challenged instructors of Russian to present evidence for the claim that mechanical drills (Traditional Instruction) were necessary for second language learning, and to demonstrate empirically the claim that Processing Instruction would not be an effective intervention…

On the occurrence of rainstorm damage based on home insurance and weather data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spekkers, M. H.; Clemens, F. H. L. R.; ten Veldhuis, J. A. E.

2014-08-01

Rainstorm damage caused by malfunctioning of urban drainage systems and water intrusion due to defects in the building envelope can be considerable. Little research on this topic focused on the collection of damage data, the understanding of damage mechanisms and the deepening of data analysis methods. In this paper, the relative contribution of different failure mechanisms to the occurrence of rainstorm damage are investigated, as well as the extent to which these mechanisms relate to weather variables. For a case study in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, a property level home insurance database of around 3100 water-related damage claims was analysed. Records include comprehensive transcripts of communication between insurer, insured and damage assessment experts, which allowed claims to be classified according to their actual damage cause. Results show that roof and wall leakage is the most frequent failure mechanism causing precipitation-related claims, followed by blocked roof gutters, melting snow and sewer flooding. Claims related to sewer flooding were less present in the data, but are associated with significantly larger claim sizes than claims in the majority class, i.e. roof and wall leakages. Rare events logistic regression analysis revealed that maximum rainfall intensity and rainfall volume are significant predictors for the occurrence probability of precipitation-related claims. Moreover, it was found that claims associated with rainfall intensities smaller than 7-8 mm in a 60 min window are mainly related to failures processes in the private domain, such as roof and wall leakages. For rainfall events that exceed the 7-8 mm h-1 threshold, failure of systems in the public domain, such as sewer systems, start to contribute considerably to the overall occurrence probability of claims. The communication transcripts, however, lacked information to be conclusive about to extent to which sewer-related claims were caused by overloading of sewer systems or failure of system components.

On the occurrence of rainstorm damage based on home insurance and weather data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spekkers, M. H.; Clemens, F. H. L. R.; ten Veldhuis, J. A. E.

2015-02-01

Rainstorm damage caused by the malfunction of urban drainage systems and water intrusion due to defects in the building envelope can be considerable. Little research on this topic focused on the collection of damage data, the understanding of damage mechanisms and the deepening of data analysis methods. In this paper, the relative contribution of different failure mechanisms to the occurrence of rainstorm damage is investigated, as well as the extent to which these mechanisms relate to weather variables. For a case study in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, a property level home insurance database of around 3100 water-related damage claims was analysed. The records include comprehensive transcripts of communication between insurer, insured and damage assessment experts, which allowed claims to be classified according to their actual damage cause. The results show that roof and wall leakage is the most frequent failure mechanism causing precipitation-related claims, followed by blocked roof gutters, melting snow and sewer flooding. Claims related to sewer flooding were less present in the data, but are associated with significantly larger claim sizes than claims in the majority class, i.e. roof and wall leakages. Rare events logistic regression analysis revealed that maximum rainfall intensity and rainfall volume are significant predictors for the occurrence probability of precipitation-related claims. Moreover, it was found that claims associated with rainfall intensities smaller than 7-8 mm in a 60-min window are mainly related to failure processes in the private domain, such as roof and wall leakages. For rainfall events that exceed the 7-8 mm h-1 threshold, the failure of systems in the public domain, such as sewer systems, start to contribute considerably to the overall occurrence probability of claims. The communication transcripts, however, lacked information to be conclusive about to which extent sewer-related claims were caused by overloading of sewer systems or failure of system components.

Some comments on the Freudian unconscious.

PubMed

Modell, Arnold H

2013-08-01

Freud's insight that mental processes are fundamentally unconscious is now an unquestioned assumption of neuroscience and cognitive psychology. Psychoanalysts are now faced with the question, What differentiated the psychoanalytic unconscious from that of other disciplines? Behind this question lies a more profound issue, the mind-body or mind-brain problem. It appears to be an insoluble paradox. Freud's concept of repression as a defense "mechanism" illustrates this paradox. To describe repression as a "mechanism" is to claim that it is analogous to a physiological process. Yet we know that repression is highly individualistic and subject to cultural values. In examining the Freudian concept of the primary process, the Noble prize-winning psychologist Daniel Kahneman has shown that the primary process is not wish fulfilling, as Freud claimed, but adaptive. The waking primary process is in the service of the reality principle. The growth of contemporary neuroscience has created challenging problems for psychoanalysis that did not exist in Freud's lifetime.

42 CFR 433.111 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS STATE FISCAL ADMINISTRATION Mechanized Claims Processing and Information Retrieval... information retrieval system” or “system” means the system of software and hardware used to process Medicaid... management information required by the Medicaid single State agency and Federal Government for program...

42 CFR 433.111 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS STATE FISCAL ADMINISTRATION Mechanized Claims Processing and Information Retrieval... information retrieval system” or “system” means the system of software and hardware used to process Medicaid... management information required by the Medicaid single State agency and Federal Government for program...

42 CFR 433.111 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS STATE FISCAL ADMINISTRATION Mechanized Claims Processing and Information Retrieval... information retrieval system” or “system” means the system of software and hardware used to process Medicaid... management information required by the Medicaid single State agency and Federal Government for program...

42 CFR 433.111 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS STATE FISCAL ADMINISTRATION Mechanized Claims Processing and Information Retrieval... information retrieval system” or “system” means the system of software and hardware used to process Medicaid... management information required by the Medicaid single State agency and Federal Government for program...

42 CFR 433.111 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... management information required by the Medicaid single State agency and Federal Government for program... ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS STATE FISCAL ADMINISTRATION Mechanized Claims Processing and Information Retrieval... information retrieval system” or “system” means the system of software and hardware used to process Medicaid...

45 CFR 205.38 - Federal financial participation (FFP) for establishing a statewide mechanized system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., development or installation of a statewide automated application processing and information retrieval system.... (2) The system is compatible with the claims processing and information retrieval systems used in the... in the title IV-A (AFDC) Automated Application Processing and Information Retrieval System Guide...

45 CFR 205.38 - Federal financial participation (FFP) for establishing a statewide mechanized system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., development or installation of a statewide automated application processing and information retrieval system.... (2) The system is compatible with the claims processing and information retrieval systems used in the... in the title IV-A (AFDC) Automated Application Processing and Information Retrieval System Guide...

45 CFR 205.38 - Federal financial participation (FFP) for establishing a statewide mechanized system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., development or installation of a statewide automated application processing and information retrieval system.... (2) The system is compatible with the claims processing and information retrieval systems used in the... in the title IV-A (AFDC) Automated Application Processing and Information Retrieval System Guide...

45 CFR 205.38 - Federal financial participation (FFP) for establishing a statewide mechanized system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., development or installation of a statewide automated application processing and information retrieval system.... (2) The system is compatible with the claims processing and information retrieval systems used in the... in the title IV-A (AFDC) Automated Application Processing and Information Retrieval System Guide...

45 CFR 205.38 - Federal financial participation (FFP) for establishing a statewide mechanized system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., development or installation of a statewide automated application processing and information retrieval system.... (2) The system is compatible with the claims processing and information retrieval systems used in the... in the title IV-A (AFDC) Automated Application Processing and Information Retrieval System Guide...

42 CFR 433.122 - Reapproval of a disapproved system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS STATE FISCAL ADMINISTRATION Mechanized Claims Processing and Information Retrieval Systems § 433.122 Reapproval of a disapproved system. When FFP has been...

77 FR 20048 - Certain Liquid Crystal Display Devices, Including Monitors, Televisions, Modules, and Components...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-03

...) claim construction of the limitation ``layer'' of the asserted claims of the '006 patent; (2... by Scheuble; (4) the claim construction of the limitations ``mechanically rubbing''/``mechanically... obviousness of the asserted claims of the '674 patent in view of Fujitsu; (12) claim construction of the...

Micro-Level Mechanisms of Identity Development: The Role of Emotional Experiences in Commitment Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

van der Gaag, Mandy A. E.; Albers, Casper J.; Kunnen, E. Saskia

2017-01-01

Based on Marcia's theory, many researchers consider exploration and commitment as the main processes in identity development. Although some identity theorists have hypothesized that emotional experience may also be an important part of the mechanisms of identity development, empirical research to investigate this claim has been lagging behind. In…

42 CFR 432.50 - FFP: Staffing and training costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... directly in the operation of mechanized claims processing and information retrieval systems, the rate is 75... processing and information retrieval systems, the rate is 50 percent for training and 90 percent for all... information retrieval systems (paragraphs (b)(2) and (3) of this section) are applicable only if the design...

42 CFR 432.50 - FFP: Staffing and training costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... directly in the operation of mechanized claims processing and information retrieval systems, the rate is 75... processing and information retrieval systems, the rate is 50 percent for training and 90 percent for all... information retrieval systems (paragraphs (b)(2) and (3) of this section) are applicable only if the design...

42 CFR 432.50 - FFP: Staffing and training costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... directly in the operation of mechanized claims processing and information retrieval systems, the rate is 75... processing and information retrieval systems, the rate is 50 percent for training and 90 percent for all... information retrieval systems (paragraphs (b)(2) and (3) of this section) are applicable only if the design...

42 CFR 432.50 - FFP: Staffing and training costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... directly in the operation of mechanized claims processing and information retrieval systems, the rate is 75... processing and information retrieval systems, the rate is 50 percent for training and 90 percent for all... information retrieval systems (paragraphs (b)(2) and (3) of this section) are applicable only if the design...

42 CFR 432.50 - FFP: Staffing and training costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... directly in the operation of mechanized claims processing and information retrieval systems, the rate is 75... processing and information retrieval systems, the rate is 50 percent for training and 90 percent for all... information retrieval systems (paragraphs (b)(2) and (3) of this section) are applicable only if the design...

42 CFR 433.114 - Procedures for obtaining initial approval; notice of decision.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Mechanized Claims Processing and Information Retrieval Systems § 433.114 Procedures for obtaining initial... the system, the notice will include all of the following information: (1) The findings of fact upon...

42 CFR 433.114 - Procedures for obtaining initial approval; notice of decision.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Mechanized Claims Processing and Information Retrieval Systems § 433.114 Procedures for obtaining initial... the system, the notice will include all of the following information: (1) The findings of fact upon...

42 CFR 433.114 - Procedures for obtaining initial approval; notice of decision.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Mechanized Claims Processing and Information Retrieval Systems § 433.114 Procedures for obtaining initial... the system, the notice will include all of the following information: (1) The findings of fact upon...

42 CFR 433.114 - Procedures for obtaining initial approval; notice of decision.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Mechanized Claims Processing and Information Retrieval Systems § 433.114 Procedures for obtaining initial... the system, the notice will include all of the following information: (1) The findings of fact upon...

Truthiness and falsiness of trivia claims depend on judgmental contexts.

PubMed

Newman, Eryn J; Garry, Maryanne; Unkelbach, Christian; Bernstein, Daniel M; Lindsay, D Stephen; Nash, Robert A

2015-09-01

When people rapidly judge the truth of claims presented with or without related but nonprobative photos, the photos tend to inflate the subjective truth of those claims--a "truthiness" effect (Newman et al., 2012). For example, people more often judged the claim "Macadamia nuts are in the same evolutionary family as peaches" to be true when the claim appeared with a photo of a bowl of macadamia nuts than when it appeared alone. We report several replications of that effect and 3 qualitatively new findings: (a) in a within-subjects design, when people judged claims paired with a mix of related, unrelated, or no photos, related photos produced truthiness but unrelated photos had no significant effect relative to no photos; (b) in a mixed design, when people judged claims paired with related (or unrelated) and no photos, related photos produced truthiness and unrelated photos produced "falseness;" and (c) in a fully between design, when people judged claims paired with either related, unrelated, or no photos, neither truthiness nor falsiness occurred. Our results suggest that photos influence people's judgments when a discrepancy arises in the expected ease of processing, and also support a mechanism in which-against a backdrop of an expected standard-related photos help people generate pseudoevidence to support claims. (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).

Associative learning alone is insufficient for the evolution and maintenance of the human mirror neuron system.

PubMed

Oberman, Lindsay M; Hubbard, Edward M; McCleery, Joseph P

2014-04-01

Cook et al. argue that mirror neurons originate from associative learning processes, without evolutionary influence from social-cognitive mechanisms. We disagree with this claim and present arguments based upon cross-species comparisons, EEG findings, and developmental neuroscience that the evolution of mirror neurons is most likely driven simultaneously and interactively by evolutionarily adaptive psychological mechanisms and lower-level biological mechanisms that support them.

The limited benefit of "product-by-process" claim.

PubMed

Chang, Bao-Chi; Wang, Shyh-Jen

2016-10-02

A product-by-process claim was initially developed when the invention could not otherwise be adequately defined. In the US, a patent applicant can use a product-by-process claim for a new product, no matter whether the product can also be defined by using structure features. However, the applicant mainly bears the burden to establish the novelty between the claimed product and the prior art product. Moreover, in terms of infringement, the very recent CAFC cases indicate that the product must be made by a process recited in the claim to infringe a product-by-process claim. Thus, an assignee almost can not take advantage from product-by-process claims during the patent enforcement by comparing with process claims. From the points of the burden during patent prosecution and confined scope in determining infringement, the benefit of using a product-by-process claim would be very limited.

42 CFR 433.110 - Basis, purpose, and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... and Information Retrieval Systems § 433.110 Basis, purpose, and applicability. (a) This subpart... information retrieval systems and for the operation of certain systems. Additional HHS regulations and CMS... conditions on mechanized claims processing and information retrieval systems (including eligibility...

42 CFR 433.110 - Basis, purpose, and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... and Information Retrieval Systems § 433.110 Basis, purpose, and applicability. (a) This subpart... information retrieval systems and for the operation of certain systems. Additional HHS regulations and CMS... conditions on mechanized claims processing and information retrieval systems (including eligibility...

42 CFR 433.110 - Basis, purpose, and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... and Information Retrieval Systems § 433.110 Basis, purpose, and applicability. (a) This subpart... information retrieval systems and for the operation of certain systems. Additional HHS regulations and CMS... conditions on mechanized claims processing and information retrieval systems (including eligibility...

42 CFR 433.110 - Basis, purpose, and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... and Information Retrieval Systems § 433.110 Basis, purpose, and applicability. (a) This subpart... information retrieval systems and for the operation of certain systems. Additional HHS regulations and CMS... conditions on mechanized claims processing and information retrieval systems (including eligibility...

Modularity, comparative cognition and human uniqueness.

PubMed

Shettleworth, Sara J

2012-10-05

Darwin's claim 'that the difference in mind between man and the higher animals … is certainly one of degree and not of kind' is at the core of the comparative study of cognition. Recent research provides unprecedented support for Darwin's claim as well as new reasons to question it, stimulating new theories of human cognitive uniqueness. This article compares and evaluates approaches to such theories. Some prominent theories propose sweeping domain-general characterizations of the difference in cognitive capabilities and/or mechanisms between adult humans and other animals. Dual-process theories for some cognitive domains propose that adult human cognition shares simple basic processes with that of other animals while additionally including slower-developing and more explicit uniquely human processes. These theories are consistent with a modular account of cognition and the 'core knowledge' account of children's cognitive development. A complementary proposal is that human infants have unique social and/or cognitive adaptations for uniquely human learning. A view of human cognitive architecture as a mosaic of unique and species-general modular and domain-general processes together with a focus on uniquely human developmental mechanisms is consistent with modern evolutionary-developmental biology and suggests new questions for comparative research.

Modularity, comparative cognition and human uniqueness

PubMed Central

Shettleworth, Sara J.

2012-01-01

Darwin's claim ‘that the difference in mind between man and the higher animals … is certainly one of degree and not of kind’ is at the core of the comparative study of cognition. Recent research provides unprecedented support for Darwin's claim as well as new reasons to question it, stimulating new theories of human cognitive uniqueness. This article compares and evaluates approaches to such theories. Some prominent theories propose sweeping domain-general characterizations of the difference in cognitive capabilities and/or mechanisms between adult humans and other animals. Dual-process theories for some cognitive domains propose that adult human cognition shares simple basic processes with that of other animals while additionally including slower-developing and more explicit uniquely human processes. These theories are consistent with a modular account of cognition and the ‘core knowledge’ account of children's cognitive development. A complementary proposal is that human infants have unique social and/or cognitive adaptations for uniquely human learning. A view of human cognitive architecture as a mosaic of unique and species-general modular and domain-general processes together with a focus on uniquely human developmental mechanisms is consistent with modern evolutionary-developmental biology and suggests new questions for comparative research. PMID:22927578

28 CFR 801.3 - Processing the claim.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... TORT CLAIMS ACT PROCEDURE § 801.3 Processing the claim. (a) Will CSOSA/PSA contact you about your claim... acknowledgement indicating the filing date (that is, the date CSOSA/PSA received your claim) and the assigned claim number. Refer to the claim number in any further correspondence you may have with CSOSA/PSA on the...

12 CFR 380.30 - Receivership administrative claims process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... OF GENERAL POLICY ORDERLY LIQUIDATION AUTHORITY Receivership Administrative Claims Process § 380.30 Receivership administrative claims process. The Corporation as receiver of a covered financial company shall... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Receivership administrative claims process. 380...

12 CFR 380.30 - Receivership administrative claims process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... OF GENERAL POLICY ORDERLY LIQUIDATION AUTHORITY Receivership Administrative Claims Process § 380.30 Receivership administrative claims process. The Corporation as receiver of a covered financial company shall... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Receivership administrative claims process. 380...

12 CFR 380.30 - Receivership administrative claims process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... OF GENERAL POLICY ORDERLY LIQUIDATION AUTHORITY Receivership Administrative Claims Process § 380.30 Receivership administrative claims process. The Corporation as receiver of a covered financial company shall... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Receivership administrative claims process. 380...

42 CFR 433.110 - Basis, purpose, and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... and Information Retrieval Systems § 433.110 Basis, purpose, and applicability. (a) This subpart... information retrieval systems and for the operation of certain systems. Additional HHS regulations and CMS... mechanized claims processing and information retrieval system or if the system fails to meet certain...

42 CFR 431.834 - Access to records: Claims processing assessment systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION Quality Control Medicaid Quality Control (mqc) Claims Processing Assessment System § 431.834 Access to records: Claims processing assessment systems. The agency, upon written request, must provide HHS staff with access to all records pertaining to its MQC claims processing assessment system reviews...

42 CFR 421.210 - Designations of regional carriers to process claims for durable medical equipment, prosthetics...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Colorado, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands... criteria— (1) Timeliness of claim processing; (2) Cost per claim; (3) Claim processing quality; (4...

42 CFR 421.210 - Designations of regional carriers to process claims for durable medical equipment, prosthetics...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Colorado, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands... criteria— (1) Timeliness of claim processing; (2) Cost per claim; (3) Claim processing quality; (4...

High-quality vertical light emitting diodes fabrication by mechanical lift-off technique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tu, Po-Min; Hsu, Shih-Chieh; Chang, Chun-Yen

2011-10-01

We report the fabrication of mechanical lift-off high quality thin GaN with Hexagonal Inversed Pyramid (HIP) structures for vertical light emitting diodes (V-LEDs). The HIP structures were formed at the GaN/sapphire substrate interface under high temperature during KOH wet etching process. The average threading dislocation density (TDD) was estimated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and found the reduction from 2×109 to 1×108 cm-2. Raman spectroscopy analysis revealed that the compressive stress of GaN epilayer was effectively relieved in the thin-GaN LED with HIP structures. Finally, the mechanical lift-off process is claimed to be successful by using the HIP structures as a sacrificial layer during wafer bonding process.

Development of a claim review and payment model utilizing diagnosis related groups under the Korean health insurance.

PubMed

Shin, Y S; Yeom, Y K; Hwang, H

1993-02-01

This paper describes the development of a claim review and payment model utilizing the diagnosis related groups (DRGs) for the fee for service-based payment system of the Korean health insurance. The present review process, which examines all claims manually on a case-by-case basis, has been considered to be inefficient, costly, and time-consuming. Differences in case mix among hospitals are controlled in the proposed model using the Korean DRGs. They were developed by modifying the US-DRG system. An empirical test of the model indicated that it can enhance the efficiency as well as the credibility and objectivity of the claim review. Furthermore, it is expected that it can contribute effectively to medical cost containments and to optimal practice pattern of hospitals by establishing a useful mechanism in monitoring the performance of hospitals. However, the performance of this model needs to be upgraded by refining the Korean DRGs which play a key role in the model.

42 CFR 433.117 - Initial approval of replacement systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... and Information Retrieval Systems § 433.117 Initial approval of replacement systems. (a) A replacement system must meet all conditions of initial approval of a mechanized claims processing and information retrieval system. (b) The agency must submit a APD that includes— (1) The date the replacement system will...

32 CFR Appendix D to Part 282 - Processing a Claim

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Processing a Claim D Appendix D to Part 282.... 282, App. D Appendix D to Part 282—Processing a Claim (a) Initial Component Processing. Upon receipt... apply for a waiver. (Paragraph (d) of this Appendix explains which claims qualify and the procedures for...

Improving the claims process with EDI.

PubMed

Moynihan, J J

1993-01-01

Electronic data interchange (EDI) is redefining the healthcare claims process. The traditional managerial approach to claims processing emphasizes information flow within the patient accounting department and between patient accounting and other departments. EDI enlarges the scope of the claims process to include information exchange between providers and payers. Using EDI to improve both external and internal information exchange makes the claims process more efficient and less expensive. This article is excerpted from "The Healthcare Financial Manager's Guide to Healthcare EDI," by James J. Moynihan, published by the Healthcare Financial Management Association.

9 CFR 412.1 - Label approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... foreign language or printing labels that bear a statement of the quantity of contents in accordance with... Policy Book, (except for “natural” and negative claims (e.g., “gluten free”)), health claims, ingredient and processing method claims (e.g., high-pressure processing), structure-function claims, claims...

“Health Courts” and Accountability for Patient Safety

PubMed Central

Mello, Michelle M; Studdert, David M; Kachalia, Allen B; Brennan, Troyen A

2006-01-01

Proposals that medical malpractice claims be removed from the tort system and processed in an alternative system, known as administrative compensation or ‘health courts,’ attract considerable policy interest during malpractice ‘crises,’ including the current one. This article describes current proposals for the design of a health court system and the system's advantages for improving patient safety. Among these advantages are the cultivation of a culture of transparency regarding medical errors and the creation of mechanisms to gather and analyze data on medical injuries. The article discusses the experiences of foreign countries with administrative compensation systems for medical injury, including their use of claims data for research on patient safety; choices regarding the compensation system's relationship to physician disciplinary processes; and the proposed system's possible limitations. PMID:16953807

Is recursion language-specific? Evidence of recursive mechanisms in the structure of intentional action.

PubMed

Vicari, Giuseppe; Adenzato, Mauro

2014-05-01

In their 2002 seminal paper Hauser, Chomsky and Fitch hypothesize that recursion is the only human-specific and language-specific mechanism of the faculty of language. While debate focused primarily on the meaning of recursion in the hypothesis and on the human-specific and syntax-specific character of recursion, the present work focuses on the claim that recursion is language-specific. We argue that there are recursive structures in the domain of motor intentionality by way of extending John R. Searle's analysis of intentional action. We then discuss evidence from cognitive science and neuroscience supporting the claim that motor-intentional recursion is language-independent and suggest some explanatory hypotheses: (1) linguistic recursion is embodied in sensory-motor processing; (2) linguistic and motor-intentional recursions are distinct and mutually independent mechanisms. Finally, we propose some reflections about the epistemic status of HCF as presenting an empirically falsifiable hypothesis, and on the possibility of testing recursion in different cognitive domains. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

32 CFR 199.10 - Appeal and hearing procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... when a claim for healthcare services or supplies is denied and most healthcare services and supplies... processes a claim for a healthcare service or supply that is a Medicare benefit and the claim is denied by... the claim. (2) If Medicare processes a claim for a healthcare service or supply that is a Medicare...

32 CFR 199.10 - Appeal and hearing procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... when a claim for healthcare services or supplies is denied and most healthcare services and supplies... processes a claim for a healthcare service or supply that is a Medicare benefit and the claim is denied by... the claim. (2) If Medicare processes a claim for a healthcare service or supply that is a Medicare...

32 CFR 199.10 - Appeal and hearing procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... when a claim for healthcare services or supplies is denied and most healthcare services and supplies... processes a claim for a healthcare service or supply that is a Medicare benefit and the claim is denied by... the claim. (2) If Medicare processes a claim for a healthcare service or supply that is a Medicare...

Decision-making and evaluation of science causal claims: Effects of goals on uses of evidence and explanatory mechanism

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wong, Jacqueline Yin Sang

2015-10-01

Evidence and explanatory mechanism are central to scientific practices. Using such information could also inform decisions about issues in which science can play some role, from policy issues like climate change to personal issues like vaccination. While research suggests that people tend to focus on non-science considerations when making science-related decisions, there is also evidence that people can reason very productively with evidence and mechanism. This study examines how the goals participants pursue when reading a science report influences how they attend to information about causal mechanism and evidence. Two hundred and seventeen high school students were asked either to evaluate the truth of a scientific claim, to make a personal decision based on the claim, or to make a social policy decision based on the claim using an online task-based survey. All three groups of participants attended to evidence and mechanism, but participants with different goals requested different types of information and were influenced by evidence and mechanism for different reasons. The findings suggest that goals influence how participants use evidence and mechanism.

Teachers with Learning Disabilities: Modeling Coping Mechanisms in the Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Flavian, Heidi

2011-01-01

Although schools are continuously improving their inclusion policies, the process of inclusion in society in general has not evolved accordingly--including in the teaching profession, itself. How can we, on the one hand, include individuals with learning disabilities throughout their school years, claiming that they can contribute to society in…

45 CFR 205.35 - Mechanized claims processing and information retrieval systems; definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... software and hardware used: (1) To introduce, control and account for data items in providing public... undertaken, and the resources required to complete the project; (2) The preparation of an APD; (3) The preparation of a detailed project plan describing when and how the computer system will be designed and...

Innovation in Information Technology: Theoretical and Empirical Study in SMQR Section of Export Import in Automotive Industry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Edi Nugroho Soebandrija, Khristian; Pratama, Yogi

2014-03-01

This paper has the objective to provide the innovation in information technology in both theoretical and empirical study. Precisely, both aspects relate to the Shortage Mispacking Quality Report (SMQR) Claims in Export and Import in Automotive Industry. This paper discusses the major aspects of Innovation, Information Technology, Performance and Competitive Advantage. Furthermore, In the empirical study of PT. Astra Honda Motor (AHM) refers to SMQR Claims, Communication Systems, Analysis and Design Systems. Briefly both aspects of the major aspects and its empirical study are discussed in the Introduction Session. Furthermore, the more detail discussion is conducted in the related aspects in other sessions of this paper, in particular in Literature Review in term classical and updated reference of current research. The increases of SMQR claim and communication problem at PT. Astra Daihatsu Motor (PT. ADM) which still using the email cause the time of claim settlement become longer and finally it causes the rejected of SMQR claim by supplier. With presence of this problem then performed to design the integrated communication system to manage the communication process of SMQR claim between PT. ADM with supplier. The systems was analyzed and designed is expected to facilitate the claim communication process so that can be run in accordance with the procedure and fulfill the target of claim settlement time and also eliminate the difficulties and problems on the previous manual communication system with the email. The design process of the system using the approach of system development life cycle method by Kendall & Kendall (2006)which design process covers the SMQR problem communication process, judgment process by the supplier, claim process, claim payment process and claim monitoring process. After getting the appropriate system designs for managing the SMQR claim, furthermore performed the system implementation and can be seen the improvement in claim communication process and settlement time become faster and achieve the target. The conclusion in this paper comprises two major aspects. The first one refers to the conclusion in term of theory and concept. The second one refers to the conclusion in term of the empirical study of one of automotive industries in Indonesia. Both of them are expected to have contribution in current and future research of related aspects that are discussed in this paper.

10 CFR 765.21 - Procedures for processing reimbursement claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Department shall complete a final review of all relevant information prior to making a reimbursement decision... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Procedures for processing reimbursement claims. 765.21... AND THORIUM PROCESSING SITES Procedures for Submitting and Processing Reimbursement Claims § 765.21...

Remembering Kinds: New Evidence that Categories are Privileged in Children's Thinking

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cimpian, Andrei; Erickson, Lucy C.

2012-01-01

What are the representations and learning mechanisms that underlie conceptual development? The present research provides evidence in favor of the claim that this process is guided by an early-emerging predisposition to think and learn about abstract kinds. Specifically, three studies (N=192) demonstrated that 4- to 7-year-old children have better…

Optimizing claims payment for successful risk management.

PubMed

Frates, Janice; Ginty, Mary Jo; Baker, Linda

2002-05-01

Disputed claims and delayed payments are among the principal sources of provider and vendor dissatisfaction with managed care payment systems. Timely and accurate claims-payment systems are essential to ensure provider and vendor satisfaction, fiscal stability, and regulatory compliance. A focused analysis of conditions contributing to late payment of claims can disclose problems in provider, vendor, or payer operational and billing procedures, contracting processes, information systems, or human resources management. Resolution of these conditions equips claims-processing staff with tools to resolve problem claims promptly, thereby lowering costs.

42 CFR 431.832 - Reporting requirements for claims processing assessment systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... assessment systems. 431.832 Section 431.832 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES... GENERAL ADMINISTRATION Quality Control Medicaid Quality Control (mqc) Claims Processing Assessment System § 431.832 Reporting requirements for claims processing assessment systems. (a) The agency must submit...

23 CFR 190.7 - Processing of claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Processing of claims. 190.7 Section 190.7 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PAYMENT PROCEDURES INCENTIVE PAYMENTS FOR CONTROLLING OUTDOOR ADVERTISING ON THE INTERSTATE SYSTEM § 190.7 Processing of claims. Audited and approved PR...

23 CFR 190.7 - Processing of claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Processing of claims. 190.7 Section 190.7 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PAYMENT PROCEDURES INCENTIVE PAYMENTS FOR CONTROLLING OUTDOOR ADVERTISING ON THE INTERSTATE SYSTEM § 190.7 Processing of claims. Audited and approved PR...

23 CFR 190.7 - Processing of claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Processing of claims. 190.7 Section 190.7 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PAYMENT PROCEDURES INCENTIVE PAYMENTS FOR CONTROLLING OUTDOOR ADVERTISING ON THE INTERSTATE SYSTEM § 190.7 Processing of claims. Audited and approved PR...

23 CFR 190.7 - Processing of claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Processing of claims. 190.7 Section 190.7 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PAYMENT PROCEDURES INCENTIVE PAYMENTS FOR CONTROLLING OUTDOOR ADVERTISING ON THE INTERSTATE SYSTEM § 190.7 Processing of claims. Audited and approved PR...

10 CFR 765.21 - Procedures for processing reimbursement claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Section 765.21 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY REIMBURSEMENT FOR COSTS OF REMEDIAL ACTION AT ACTIVE URANIUM AND THORIUM PROCESSING SITES Procedures for Submitting and Processing Reimbursement Claims § 765.21... specified in § 765.20(g) to determine the completeness of each claim. Payments from the Fund to active...

42 CFR 431.834 - Access to records: Claims processing assessment systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Access to records: Claims processing assessment systems. 431.834 Section 431.834 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF... ADMINISTRATION Quality Control Medicaid Quality Control (mqc) Claims Processing Assessment System § 431.834...

42 CFR 431.834 - Access to records: Claims processing assessment systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Access to records: Claims processing assessment systems. 431.834 Section 431.834 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF... ADMINISTRATION Quality Control Medicaid Quality Control (mqc) Claims Processing Assessment System § 431.834...

42 CFR 431.836 - Corrective action under the MQC claims processing assessment system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... assessment system. 431.836 Section 431.836 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT... ADMINISTRATION Quality Control Medicaid Quality Control (mqc) Claims Processing Assessment System § 431.836 Corrective action under the MQC claims processing assessment system. The agency must— (a) Take action to...

78 FR 45936 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection; Comment Request; National Flood...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-30

... establish by regulation an additional process for the appeal of decisions of flood insurance claims issued... informal process to handle appeals regarding decisions related to coverage, or claims under the NFIP... to the flood insurance claims process. DATES: Comments must be submitted on or before September 30...

The auditory basis of language impairments: temporal processing versus processing efficiency hypotheses.

PubMed

Hartley, Douglas E H; Hill, Penny R; Moore, David R

2003-12-01

Claims have been made that language-impaired children have deficits processing rapidly presented or brief sensory information. These claims, known as the 'temporal processing hypothesis', are supported by demonstrations that language-impaired children have excess backward masking (BM). One explanation for these results is that BM is developmentally delayed in these children. However, little was known about how BM normally develops. Recently, we assessed BM in normally developing 6- and 8-year-old children and adults. Results showed that BM thresholds continue to improve over a comparatively protracted period (>10 years old). We also analysed reported deficits in BM in language-impaired and younger children, in terms of a model of temporal resolution. This analysis suggests that poor processing efficiency, rather than deficits in temporal resolution, can account for these results. This 'processing efficiency hypothesis' was recently tested in our laboratory. This experiment measured BM as a function of delays between the tone and the noise in children and adults. Results supported the processing efficiency hypothesis, and suggested that reduced processing efficiency alone could account for differences between adults and children. These findings provide a new perspective on the mechanisms underlying communication disorders, and imply that remediation strategies should be directed towards improving processing efficiency, not temporal resolution.

37 CFR 1.75 - Claim(s).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Claim(s). 1.75 Section 1.75 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN PATENT CASES National Processing Provisions Specification § 1.75 Claim(s). (a...

37 CFR 1.75 - Claim(s).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Claim(s). 1.75 Section 1.75 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN PATENT CASES National Processing Provisions Specification § 1.75 Claim(s). (a...

Semantic embodiment, disembodiment or misembodiment? In search of meaning in modules and neuron circuits.

PubMed

Pulvermüller, Friedemann

2013-10-01

"Embodied" proposals claim that the meaning of at least some words, concepts and constructions is grounded in knowledge about actions and objects. An alternative "disembodied" position locates semantics in a symbolic system functionally detached from sensorimotor modules. This latter view is not tenable theoretically and has been empirically falsified by neuroscience research. A minimally-embodied approach now claims that action-perception systems may "color", but not represent, meaning; however, such minimal embodiment (misembodiment?) still fails to explain why action and perception systems exert causal effects on the processing of symbols from specific semantic classes. Action perception theory (APT) offers neurobiological mechanisms for "embodied" referential, affective and action semantics along with "disembodied" mechanisms of semantic abstraction, generalization and symbol combination, which draw upon multimodal brain systems. In this sense, APT suggests integrative-neuromechanistic explanations of why both sensorimotor and multimodal areas of the human brain differentially contribute to specific facets of meaning and concepts. Copyright © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Challenges in provider payment under the Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme: a case study of claims management in two districts.

PubMed

Sodzi-Tettey, S; Aikins, M; Awoonor-Williams, J K; Agyepong, I A

2012-12-01

In 2004, Ghana started implementing a National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) to remove cost as a barrier to quality healthcare. Providers were initially paid by fee - for - service. In May 2008, this changed to paying providers by a combination of Ghana - Diagnostic Related Groupings (G-DRGs) for services and fee - for - service for medicines through the claims process. The study evaluated the claims management processes for two District MHIS in the Upper East Region of Ghana. Retrospective review of secondary claims data (2008) and a prospective observation of claims management (2009) were undertaken. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used for primary data collection using interview guides and checklists. The reimbursements rates and value of rejected claims were calculated and compared for both districts using the z test. The null hypothesis was that no differences existed in parameters measured. Claims processes in both districts were similar and predominantly manual. There were administrative capacity, technical, human resource and working environment challenges contributing to delays in claims submission by providers and vetting and payment by schemes. Both Schemes rejected less than 1% of all claims submitted. Significant differences were observed between the Total Reimbursement Rates (TRR) and the Total Timely Reimbursement Rates (TTRR) for both schemes. For TRR, 89% and 86% were recorded for Kassena Nankana and Builsa Schemes respectively while for TTRR, 45% and 28% were recorded respectively. Ghana's NHIS needs to reform its provider payment and claims submission and processing systems to ensure simpler and faster processes. Computerization and investment to improve the capacity to administer for both purchasers and providers will be key in any reform.

42 CFR 433.113 - Reduction of FFP for failure to operate a system and obtain initial approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Reduction of FFP for failure to operate a system... ADMINISTRATION Mechanized Claims Processing and Information Retrieval Systems § 433.113 Reduction of FFP for failure to operate a system and obtain initial approval. (a) Except as waived under § 433.130 or 433.131...

49 CFR 1242.78 - Employees performing clerical and accounting functions, and loss and damage claims processing...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... functions, and loss and damage claims processing (accounts XX-55-76 and XX-55-78). 1242.78 Section 1242.78... Employees performing clerical and accounting functions, and loss and damage claims processing (accounts XX-55-76 and XX-55-78). If the sum of the direct freight and the direct passenger expenses is more than...

32 CFR Appendix to Part 281 - Claims Description

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... advance decision functions for claims under the following statutes: (a) 31 U.S.C. 3702, concerning claims... SETTLING PERSONNEL AND GENERAL CLAIMS AND PROCESSING ADVANCE DECISION REQUESTS Pt. 281, App. Appendix to... Personnel Management performs these functions for claims involving civilian employees' compensation and...

32 CFR Appendix B to Part 282 - Claims Description

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... perform the claims settlement and advance decision functions for claims under the following statutes: (a...) MISCELLANEOUS PROCEDURES FOR SETTLING PERSONNEL AND GENERAL CLAIMS AND PROCESSING ADVANCE DECISION REQUESTS Pt... Director of the Office of Personnel Management performs these functions for claims involving civilian...

12 CFR 380.32 - Claims bar date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... LIQUIDATION AUTHORITY Receivership Administrative Claims Process § 380.32 Claims bar date. Upon its appointment as receiver for a covered financial company, the Corporation as receiver shall establish a claims bar date by which date creditors of the covered financial company shall present their claims, together...

37 CFR 1.75 - Claim(s).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Claim(s). 1.75 Section 1.75... GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN PATENT CASES National Processing Provisions Specification § 1.75 Claim(s). (a.... (35 U.S.C. 6; 15 U.S.C. 1113, 1126) [31 FR 12922, Oct. 4, 1966, as amended at 36 FR 12690, July 3...

32 CFR 842.94 - Assertable claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., against a tort-feasor when: (a) Damage results from negligence and the claim is for: (1) More than $100... ADMINISTRATIVE CLAIMS Property Damage Tort Claims in Favor of the United States (31 U.S.C. 3701, 3711-3719) § 842.... (The two claims should be consolidated and processed under subpart N). (d) The Tort-feasor or his...

Epigenetics: The origins and evolution of a fashionable topic.

PubMed

Deichmann, Ute

2016-08-01

The term "epigenetics" was introduced in 1942 by embryologist Conrad Waddington, who, relating it to the 17th century concept of "epigenesis", defined it as the complex of developmental processes between the genotype and phenotype. While in the years that followed, these processes - in particular gene regulation - were tackled, not in the frame of epigenetics but of genetics, research labelled "epigenetics" rose strongly only in the 21st century. Then it consisted of research on chromatin modifications, i.e. chemical modifications of DNA or histone proteins around DNA that do not change the base sequence. This rise was accompanied by far-reaching claims, such as that epigenetics provides a mechanism for "Lamarckian" inheritance. This article highlights the origin of epigenetics, the major phases of epigenetic research, and the changes in the meaning of the term. It also calls into question some of the far-reaching claims that have accompanied the recent rise of epigenetics. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

37 CFR 1.55 - Claim for foreign priority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... accompanied by the processing fee set forth in § 1.17(i), but the patent will not include the priority claim... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Claim for foreign priority. 1... Application § 1.55 Claim for foreign priority. (a) An applicant in a nonprovisional application may claim the...

Ratcheting up the ratchet: on the evolution of cumulative culture

PubMed Central

Tennie, Claudio; Call, Josep; Tomasello, Michael

2009-01-01

Some researchers have claimed that chimpanzee and human culture rest on homologous cognitive and learning mechanisms. While clearly there are some homologous mechanisms, we argue here that there are some different mechanisms at work as well. Chimpanzee cultural traditions represent behavioural biases of different populations, all within the species’ existing cognitive repertoire (what we call the ‘zone of latent solutions’) that are generated by founder effects, individual learning and mostly product-oriented (rather than process-oriented) copying. Human culture, in contrast, has the distinctive characteristic that it accumulates modifications over time (what we call the ‘ratchet effect’). This difference results from the facts that (i) human social learning is more oriented towards process than product and (ii) unique forms of human cooperation lead to active teaching, social motivations for conformity and normative sanctions against non-conformity. Together, these unique processes of social learning and cooperation lead to humans’ unique form of cumulative cultural evolution. PMID:19620111

The criterion for time symmetry of probabilistic theories and the reversibility of quantum mechanics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Holster, A. T.

2003-10-01

Physicists routinely claim that the fundamental laws of physics are 'time symmetric' or 'time reversal invariant' or 'reversible'. In particular, it is claimed that the theory of quantum mechanics is time symmetric. But it is shown in this paper that the orthodox analysis suffers from a fatal conceptual error, because the logical criterion for judging the time symmetry of probabilistic theories has been incorrectly formulated. The correct criterion requires symmetry between future-directed laws and past-directed laws. This criterion is formulated and proved in detail. The orthodox claim that quantum mechanics is reversible is re-evaluated. The property demonstrated in the orthodox analysis is shown to be quite distinct from time reversal invariance. The view of Satosi Watanabe that quantum mechanics is time asymmetric is verified, as well as his view that this feature does not merely show a de facto or 'contingent' asymmetry, as commonly supposed, but implies a genuine failure of time reversal invariance of the laws of quantum mechanics. The laws of quantum mechanics would be incompatible with a time-reversed version of our universe.

EPR, Bell, and quantum locality

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Griffiths, Robert B.

2011-09-01

Maudlin has claimed that no local theory can reproduce the predictions of standard quantum mechanics that violate Bell's inequality for Bohm's version (two spin-half particles in a singlet state) of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen problem. It is argued that, on the contrary, standard quantum mechanics itself is a counterexample to Maudlin's claim, because it is local in the appropriate sense (measurements at one place do not influence what occurs elsewhere there) when formulated using consistent principles in place of the inconsistent appeals to "measurement" found in current textbooks. This argument sheds light on the claim of Blaylock that counterfactual definiteness is an essential ingredient in derivations of Bell's inequality.

Effect of Annealing Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Nanocrystalline α-iron: an Atomistic Study

PubMed Central

Tong, Xuhang; Zhang, Hao; Li, D. Y.

2015-01-01

Claims are often found in the literature that metallic materials can be nanocrystallized by severe plastic deformation (SPD). However, SPD does not generate a well-defined nanocrystalline (NC) material, which can be achieved by subsequent annealing/recovery treatment. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is employed to study the effect of annealing on structure and mechanical properties of cyclic deformed NC α-iron, which simulates SPD-processed α-iron. It is demonstrated that grain boundaries in the deformed NC α-iron evolve to a more equilibrium state during annealing, eliminating or minimizing the residual stress. The annealing treatment increases the system's strength by reducing dislocation emission sources, and improves material ductility through strengthening grain boundaries' resistance to intergranular cracks. The results indicate that the annealing treatment is an essential process for obtaining a well-defined NC structure with superior mechanical properties. PMID:25675978

20 CFR 30.103 - How does a claimant make sure that OWCP has the evidence necessary to process the claim?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Certain Cancer Claims Filing Claims for Benefits Under Eeoicpa § 30.103 How does a claimant make sure that... Compensation Program Act. (3) EE-3 Employment History for a Claim Under the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act. (4) EE-4 Employment History Affidavit for a Claim Under the Energy...

20 CFR 30.103 - How does a claimant make sure that OWCP has the evidence necessary to process the claim?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Certain Cancer Claims Filing Claims for Benefits Under Eeoicpa § 30.103 How does a claimant make sure that... Compensation Program Act. (3) EE-3 Employment History for a Claim Under the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act. (4) EE-4 Employment History Affidavit for a Claim Under the Energy...

20 CFR 30.103 - How does a claimant make sure that OWCP has the evidence necessary to process the claim?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Certain Cancer Claims Filing Claims for Benefits Under Eeoicpa § 30.103 How does a claimant make sure that... Compensation Program Act. (3) EE-3 Employment History for a Claim Under the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act. (4) EE-4 Employment History Affidavit for a Claim Under the Energy...

20 CFR 30.103 - How does a claimant make sure that OWCP has the evidence necessary to process the claim?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Certain Cancer Claims Filing Claims for Benefits Under Eeoicpa § 30.103 How does a claimant make sure that... Compensation Program Act. (3) EE-3 Employment History for a Claim Under the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act. (4) EE-4 Employment History Affidavit for a Claim Under the Energy...

20 CFR 10.7 - What forms are needed to process claims under the FECA?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

.... Form No. Title (1) CA-1 Federal Employee's Notice of Traumatic Injury and Claim for Continuation of Pay.... (8) CA-7 Claim for Compensation Due to Traumatic Injury or Occupational Disease. (9) CA-7a Time... claims under the FECA? (a) Notice of injury, claims and certain specified reports shall be made on forms...

20 CFR 10.7 - What forms are needed to process claims under the FECA?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

.... Form No. Title (1) CA-1 Federal Employee's Notice of Traumatic Injury and Claim for Continuation of Pay.... (8) CA-7 Claim for Compensation Due to Traumatic Injury or Occupational Disease. (9) CA-7a Time... claims under the FECA? (a) Notice of injury, claims and certain specified reports shall be made on forms...

20 CFR 10.7 - What forms are needed to process claims under the FECA?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

.... Form No. Title (1) CA-1 Federal Employee's Notice of Traumatic Injury and Claim for Continuation of Pay.... (8) CA-7 Claim for Compensation Due to Traumatic Injury or Occupational Disease. (9) CA-7a Time... claims under the FECA? (a) Notice of injury, claims and certain specified reports shall be made on forms...

32 CFR 584.3 - Paternity claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... process paternity claims against male Army soldiers. These procedures apply to claims made in the... claims against them. Commanders will ensure that soldiers are advised of their legal rights and will... questioning, advise the soldier of his right to remain silent under article, 31, UCMJ, and his right to...

20 CFR 10.118 - Does the employer participate in the claims process in any other way?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... of Proof § 10.118 Does the employer participate in the claims process in any other way? (a) The employer is responsible for submitting to OWCP all relevant and probative factual and medical evidence in... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Does the employer participate in the claims...

76 FR 70490 - Certain Electronic Devices With Graphics Data Processing Systems, Components Thereof, and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-14

... Graphics Data Processing Systems, Components Thereof, and Associated Software; Institution of Investigation... associated software by reason of infringement of certain claims of U.S. Patent No. 5,945,997 (``the `997... software that infringe one or more of claims 1, 3-5, 9, and 16 of the `997 patent; claims 1, 5, and 9 of...

20 CFR 405.705 - When the expedited appeals process may be used.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... PROCESS FOR ADJUDICATING INITIAL DISABILITY CLAIMS Expedited Appeals Process for Constitutional Issues § 405.705 When the expedited appeals process may be used. If you have filed a disability claim, you may... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false When the expedited appeals process may be...

For a science of layered mechanisms: beyond laws, statistics, and correlations

PubMed Central

Castelfranchi, Cristiano

2014-01-01

Two general claims are made in this work. First, we need several different layers of “theory,” in particular for understanding human behavior. These layers should concern: the cognitive (mental) representations and mechanisms; the neural underlying processes; the evolutionary history and adaptive functions of our cognition and behaviors; the emergent and complex social structures and dynamics, their relation and feedbacks on individual minds and behaviors, and the relationship between internal regulating goals and the external functions/roles of our conduct; the historical and cultural mechanisms shaping our minds and behaviors; the developmental paths. Second, we do not just need “predictions” and “laws” but also “explanations”; that is, we need to identify the mechanisms producing (here-and-now, or diachronically) a given phenomenon. “Laws” are not enough; they are simply descriptive and predictive; we need the “why” and “how.” Correlations are not enough (and they are frequently misleading). We need computational models of the processes postulated in our theories1. PMID:24917842

Etiology of work-related electrical injuries: a narrative analysis of workers' compensation claims.

PubMed

Lombardi, David A; Matz, Simon; Brennan, Melanye J; Smith, Gordon S; Courtney, Theodore K

2009-10-01

The purpose of this study was to provide new insight into the etiology of primarily nonfatal, work-related electrical injuries. We developed a multistage, case-selection algorithm to identify electrical-related injuries from workers' compensation claims and a customized coding taxonomy to identify pre-injury circumstances. Workers' compensation claims routinely collected over a 1-year period from a large U.S. insurance provider were used to identify electrical-related injuries using an algorithm that evaluated: coded injury cause information, nature of injury, "accident" description, and injury description narratives. Concurrently, a customized coding taxonomy for these narratives was developed to abstract the activity, source, initiating process, mechanism, vector, and voltage. Among the 586,567 reported claims during 2002, electrical-related injuries accounted for 1283 (0.22%) of nonfatal claims and 15 fatalities (1.2% of electrical). Most (72.3%) were male, average age of 36, working in services (33.4%), manufacturing (24.7%), retail trade (17.3%), and construction (7.2%). Body part(s) injured most often were the hands, fingers, or wrist (34.9%); multiple body parts/systems (25.0%); lower/upper arm; elbow; shoulder, and upper extremities (19.2%). The leading activities were conducting manual tasks (55.1%); working with machinery, appliances, or equipment; working with electrical wire; and operating powered or nonpowered hand tools. Primary injury sources were appliances and office equipment (24.4%); wires, cables/cords (18.0%); machines and other equipment (11.8%); fixtures, bulbs, and switches (10.4%); and lightning (4.3%). No vector was identified in 85% of cases. and the work process was initiated by others in less than 1% of cases. Injury narratives provide valuable information to overcome some of the limitations of precoded data, more specially for identifying additional injury cases and in supplementing traditional epidemiologic data for further understanding the etiology of work-related electrical injuries that may lead to further prevention opportunities.

20 CFR 30.300 - What process will OWCP use to decide claims for entitlement and to provide for administrative...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS COMPENSATION PROGRAM ACT OF 2000 CLAIMS FOR COMPENSATION UNDER THE ENERGY EMPLOYEES OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS COMPENSATION PROGRAM ACT OF 2000, AS AMENDED Adjudicatory Process § 30.300 What process...

20 CFR 30.300 - What process will OWCP use to decide claims for entitlement and to provide for administrative...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS COMPENSATION PROGRAM ACT OF 2000 CLAIMS FOR COMPENSATION UNDER THE ENERGY EMPLOYEES OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS COMPENSATION PROGRAM ACT OF 2000, AS AMENDED Adjudicatory Process § 30.300 What process...

20 CFR 30.300 - What process will OWCP use to decide claims for entitlement and to provide for administrative...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS COMPENSATION PROGRAM ACT OF 2000 CLAIMS FOR COMPENSATION UNDER THE ENERGY EMPLOYEES OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS COMPENSATION PROGRAM ACT OF 2000, AS AMENDED Adjudicatory Process § 30.300 What process...

20 CFR 30.300 - What process will OWCP use to decide claims for entitlement and to provide for administrative...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS COMPENSATION PROGRAM ACT OF 2000 CLAIMS FOR COMPENSATION UNDER THE ENERGY EMPLOYEES OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS COMPENSATION PROGRAM ACT OF 2000, AS AMENDED Adjudicatory Process § 30.300 What process...

20 CFR 405.510 - Claims remanded by a Federal court.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Claims remanded by a Federal court. 405.510 Section 405.510 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW PROCESS FOR ADJUDICATING INITIAL DISABILITY CLAIMS Judicial Review § 405.510 Claims remanded by a Federal court. When a...

20 CFR 405.510 - Claims remanded by a Federal court.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Claims remanded by a Federal court. 405.510 Section 405.510 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW PROCESS FOR ADJUDICATING INITIAL DISABILITY CLAIMS Judicial Review § 405.510 Claims remanded by a Federal court. When a...

10 CFR 950.34 - Final claim determination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Final claim determination. 950.34 Section 950.34 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY STANDBY SUPPORT FOR CERTAIN NUCLEAR PLANT DELAYS Dispute Resolution Process § 950.34 Final claim determination. (a) If the parties reach a Final Claim Determination through mediation, or...

10 CFR 950.34 - Final claim determination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Final claim determination. 950.34 Section 950.34 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY STANDBY SUPPORT FOR CERTAIN NUCLEAR PLANT DELAYS Dispute Resolution Process § 950.34 Final claim determination. (a) If the parties reach a Final Claim Determination through mediation, or...

32 CFR 536.46 - Other exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY CLAIMS AND ACCOUNTS CLAIMS AGAINST THE UNITED STATES Investigation and Processing of Claims § 536.46 Other exclusions. (a) Statutory employer. A claim is not payable under any subpart if it is for personal injury or death of any contract employee...

32 CFR 536.46 - Other exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY CLAIMS AND ACCOUNTS CLAIMS AGAINST THE UNITED STATES Investigation and Processing of Claims § 536.46 Other exclusions. (a) Statutory employer. A claim is not payable under any subpart if it is for personal injury or death of any contract employee...

32 CFR 536.46 - Other exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY CLAIMS AND ACCOUNTS CLAIMS AGAINST THE UNITED STATES Investigation and Processing of Claims § 536.46 Other exclusions. (a) Statutory employer. A claim is not payable under any subpart if it is for personal injury or death of any contract employee...

32 CFR 536.46 - Other exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY CLAIMS AND ACCOUNTS CLAIMS AGAINST THE UNITED STATES Investigation and Processing of Claims § 536.46 Other exclusions. (a) Statutory employer. A claim is not payable under any subpart if it is for personal injury or death of any contract employee...

32 CFR 536.46 - Other exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY CLAIMS AND ACCOUNTS CLAIMS AGAINST THE UNITED STATES Investigation and Processing of Claims § 536.46 Other exclusions. (a) Statutory employer. A claim is not payable under any subpart if it is for personal injury or death of any contract employee...

29 CFR 2560.503-1 - Claims procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... administrative processes and safeguards designed to ensure and to verify that benefit claim determinations are... filing a pre-service claim, within the meaning of paragraph (m)(2) of this section, the claimant or... benefits includes any pre-service claims within the meaning of paragraph (m)(2) of this section and any...

29 CFR 2560.503-1 - Claims procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... administrative processes and safeguards designed to ensure and to verify that benefit claim determinations are... filing a pre-service claim, within the meaning of paragraph (m)(2) of this section, the claimant or... benefits includes any pre-service claims within the meaning of paragraph (m)(2) of this section and any...

29 CFR 2560.503-1 - Claims procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... administrative processes and safeguards designed to ensure and to verify that benefit claim determinations are... filing a pre-service claim, within the meaning of paragraph (m)(2) of this section, the claimant or... benefits includes any pre-service claims within the meaning of paragraph (m)(2) of this section and any...

29 CFR 2560.503-1 - Claims procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... administrative processes and safeguards designed to ensure and to verify that benefit claim determinations are... filing a pre-service claim, within the meaning of paragraph (m)(2) of this section, the claimant or... benefits includes any pre-service claims within the meaning of paragraph (m)(2) of this section and any...

29 CFR 2560.503-1 - Claims procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... administrative processes and safeguards designed to ensure and to verify that benefit claim determinations are... filing a pre-service claim, within the meaning of paragraph (m)(2) of this section, the claimant or... benefits includes any pre-service claims within the meaning of paragraph (m)(2) of this section and any...

20 CFR 404.1642 - Processing time standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., whichever is earlier. (b) Target levels. The processing time target levels are: (1) 37 days for title II initial claims. (2) 43 days for title XVI initial claims. (c) Threshold levels. The processing time... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Processing time standards. 404.1642 Section...

20 CFR 416.1042 - Processing time standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., whichever is earlier. (b) Target levels. The processing time target levels are: (1) 37 days for title II initial claims. (2) 43 days for title XVI initial claims. (c) Threshold levels. The processing time... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Processing time standards. 416.1042 Section...

43 CFR 3833.10 - Procedures for recording mining claims and sites.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MINERALS MANAGEMENT (3000) RECORDING MINING CLAIMS AND SITES Recording Process § 3833.10 Procedures for recording mining claims and sites. ...

43 CFR 3833.10 - Procedures for recording mining claims and sites.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MINERALS MANAGEMENT (3000) RECORDING MINING CLAIMS AND SITES Recording Process § 3833.10 Procedures for recording mining claims and sites. ...

43 CFR 3833.10 - Procedures for recording mining claims and sites.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MINERALS MANAGEMENT (3000) RECORDING MINING CLAIMS AND SITES Recording Process § 3833.10 Procedures for recording mining claims and sites. ...

43 CFR 3833.10 - Procedures for recording mining claims and sites.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MINERALS MANAGEMENT (3000) RECORDING MINING CLAIMS AND SITES Recording Process § 3833.10 Procedures for recording mining claims and sites. ...

42 CFR 447.45 - Timely claims payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... implement an automated claims processing and information retrieval system. (2) The agency's request for a... additional information from the provider of the service or from a third party. It includes a claim with...

42 CFR 447.45 - Timely claims payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... implement an automated claims processing and information retrieval system. (2) The agency's request for a... additional information from the provider of the service or from a third party. It includes a claim with...

42 CFR 447.45 - Timely claims payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... implement an automated claims processing and information retrieval system. (2) The agency's request for a... additional information from the provider of the service or from a third party. It includes a claim with...

42 CFR 447.45 - Timely claims payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... implement an automated claims processing and information retrieval system. (2) The agency's request for a... additional information from the provider of the service or from a third party. It includes a claim with...

28 CFR 543.32 - Processing the claim.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., Central Office for their review. (f) Will appreciation or depreciation be considered? Yes. Staff will consider appreciation or depreciation of lost or damaged property in settling a claim. (g) If my claim is...

Using 'big data' to validate claims made in the pharmaceutical approval process.

PubMed

Wasser, Thomas; Haynes, Kevin; Barron, John; Cziraky, Mark

2015-01-01

Big Data in the healthcare setting refers to the storage, assimilation, and analysis of large quantities of information regarding patient care. These data can be collected and stored in a wide variety of ways including electronic medical records collected at the patient bedside, or through medical records that are coded and passed to insurance companies for reimbursement. When these data are processed it is possible to validate claims as a part of the regulatory review process regarding the anticipated performance of medications and devices. In order to analyze properly claims by manufacturers and others, there is a need to express claims in terms that are testable in a timeframe that is useful and meaningful to formulary committees. Claims for the comparative benefits and costs, including budget impact, of products and devices need to be expressed in measurable terms, ideally in the context of submission or validation protocols. Claims should be either consistent with accessible Big Data or able to support observational studies where Big Data identifies target populations. Protocols should identify, in disaggregated terms, key variables that would lead to direct or proxy validation. Once these variables are identified, Big Data can be used to query massive quantities of data in the validation process. Research can be passive or active in nature. Passive, where the data are collected retrospectively; active where the researcher is prospectively looking for indicators of co-morbid conditions, side-effects or adverse events, testing these indicators to determine if claims are within desired ranges set forth by the manufacturer. Additionally, Big Data can be used to assess the effectiveness of therapy through health insurance records. This, for example, could indicate that disease or co-morbid conditions cease to be treated. Understanding the basic strengths and weaknesses of Big Data in the claim validation process provides a glimpse of the value that this research can provide to industry. Big Data can support a research agenda that focuses on the process of claims validation to support formulary submissions as well as inputs to ongoing disease area and therapeutic class reviews.

Provider experiences with RAC appeals point to opportunities for program improvement.

PubMed

Jacobs, Robert; Scott, Bonnie; Flood, Elizabeth; Scott, Ellen

2011-03-01

Review by an administrative law judge (ALJ) constitutes the third level of appeal for healthcare providers seeking to overturn reverse recovery audit contractor (RAC) findings of overpayment of Medicare claims. An analysis of the results of RAC appeals submitted by 30 New York hospitals during the demonstration project has disclosed two deficiencies in the ALJ review process: inconsistent ALJ decision making and a lack of an appropriate feedback mechanism to correct erroneous overpayment determinations. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services should take advantage of feedback from such studies as an impetus to reevaluate and streamline the RAC appeals process.

Pluvial, urban flood mechanisms and characteristics - Assessment based on insurance claims

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sörensen, Johanna; Mobini, Shifteh

2017-12-01

Pluvial flooding is a problem in many cities and for city planning purpose the mechanisms behind pluvial flooding are of interest. Previous studies seldom use insurance claim data to analyse city scale characteristics that lead to flooding. In the present study, two long time series (∼20 years) of flood claims from property owners have been collected and analysed in detail to investigate the mechanisms and characteristics leading to urban flooding. The flood claim data come from the municipal water utility company and property owners with insurance that covers property loss from overland flooding, groundwater intrusion through basement walls and flooding from the drainage system. These data are used as a proxy for flood severity for several events in the Swedish city of Malmö. It is discussed which rainfall characteristics give most flooding and why some rainfall events do not lead to severe flooding, how city scale topography and sewerage system type influence spatial distribution of flood claims, and which impact high sea level has on flooding in Malmö. Three severe flood events are described in detail and compared with a number of smaller flood events. It was found that the main mechanisms and characteristics of flood extent and its spatial distribution in Malmö are intensity and spatial distribution of rainfall, distance to the main sewer system as well as overland flow paths, and type of drainage system, while high sea level has little impact on the flood extent. Finally, measures that could be taken to lower the flood risk in Malmö, and other cities with similar characteristics, are discussed.

Deliberate choices or strong motives: Exploring the mechanisms underlying the bias of organic claims on leniency judgments.

PubMed

Prada, Marília; Rodrigues, David; Garrido, Margarida V

2016-08-01

Organic claims can influence how a product is perceived in dimensions that are unrelated with the food production method (e.g., organic food is perceived as more healthful and less caloric than conventional food). Such claims can also bias how the consumers of organic food are perceived and how other people judge their behavior. Schuldt and Schwarz (2010) have shown that individuals evaluating a target with a weight-loss goal are more lenient in judging the target forgoing exercise when the target had an organic (vs. conventional) dessert. This impact of organic claims on leniency judgments has been interpreted either as a halo or a licensing effect. In the current research we aim to replicate and extend Schuldt and Schwarz's (2010) results by examining the mechanisms that are more likely to explain the observed leniency judgments. In Experiment 1, we observed that leniency towards a target that has consumed an organic meal is only observed when the target intentionally chooses such organic meal (vs. choice determined by the situation). These findings suggest that the impact of organic claims on leniency judgments is not merely based on a halo effect. Instead, a licensing account emerges as the most probable mechanism. In Experiment 2, we further found that stronger (vs. weaker) motives for forgoing exercise influenced leniency judgments to the same extent as having had an organic meal. Understanding the mechanisms that shape consumers' decisions may have important implications to prevent bias in their judgments about food and exercise. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

42 CFR 431.834 - Access to records: Claims processing assessment systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION Quality Control Medicaid Quality Control (mqc) Claims Processing Assessment System § 431.834... to which the State has access, including information available under part 435, subpart J, of this...

42 CFR 431.834 - Access to records: Claims processing assessment systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION Quality Control Medicaid Quality Control (mqc) Claims Processing Assessment System § 431.834... to which the State has access, including information available under part 435, subpart J, of this...

32 CFR 536.50 - Determination of damages-applicable law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... ACCOUNTS CLAIMS AGAINST THE UNITED STATES Investigation and Processing of Claims § 536.50 Determination of... giving rise to the claim occurred, including choice of law rules, is applicable. Therefore, the law of... claims accruing on or after September 1, 1995. The law of the place of the incident giving rise to the...

32 CFR 536.132 - Procedure for processing UCMJ claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... the claim determines there is good cause for delay. Lack of knowledge of the existence of Article 139, or lack of knowledge of the identity of the offender, are examples of good cause for delay. (b) Form... procedures. When assessment action on a particular claim will be unduly delayed, the claims office supporting...

20 CFR 404.1619 - Quick disability determination process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Quick disability determination process. 404... disability determination process. (a) If we identify a claim as one involving a high degree of probability... determination process pursuant to this section and § 404.1620(c). (b) If we refer a claim to the State agency...

49 CFR 510.3 - Compulsory process, the service thereof, claims for confidential treatment, and terms of compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Compulsory process, the service thereof, claims... OF TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION GATHERING POWERS § 510.3 Compulsory process, the service thereof... description of the documents or things to be produced. (c) Service of the compulsory processes specified in...

Making God real and making God good: some mechanisms through which prayer may contribute to healing.

PubMed

Luhrmann, Tanya Marie

2013-10-01

Many social scientists attribute the health-giving properties of religious practice to social support. This paper argues that another mechanism may be a positive relationship with the supernatural, a proposal that builds upon anthropological accounts of symbolic healing. Such a mechanism depends upon the learned cultivation of the imagination and the capacity to make what is imagined more real and more good. This paper offers a theory of the way that prayer enables this process and provides some evidence, drawn from experimental and ethnographic work, for the claim that a relationship with a loving God, cultivated through the imagination in prayer, may contribute to good health and may contribute to healing in trauma and psychosis.

50 CFR 296.6 - NMFS processing of claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false NMFS processing of claims. 296.6 Section 296.6 Wildlife and Fisheries NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE CONTINENTAL SHELF FISHERMEN'S CONTINGENCY FUND § 296.6 NMFS processing of...

43 CFR 3833.1 - Why must I record mining claims and sites?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MINERALS MANAGEMENT (3000) RECORDING MINING CLAIMS AND SITES Recording Process § 3833.1 Why must I record mining claims and sites? FLPMA requires you to record...

43 CFR 3833.1 - Why must I record mining claims and sites?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MINERALS MANAGEMENT (3000) RECORDING MINING CLAIMS AND SITES Recording Process § 3833.1 Why must I record mining claims and sites? FLPMA requires you to record...

43 CFR 3833.1 - Why must I record mining claims and sites?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MINERALS MANAGEMENT (3000) RECORDING MINING CLAIMS AND SITES Recording Process § 3833.1 Why must I record mining claims and sites? FLPMA requires you to record...

43 CFR 3833.1 - Why must I record mining claims and sites?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MINERALS MANAGEMENT (3000) RECORDING MINING CLAIMS AND SITES Recording Process § 3833.1 Why must I record mining claims and sites? FLPMA requires you to record...

37 CFR 104.42 - Finality of settlement or denial of claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ADMINISTRATION LEGAL PROCESSES Tort Claims § 104.42 Finality of... or denial of any claim under this subpart may be considered final for the purpose of judicial review. ...

Welding related occupational eye injuries: a narrative analysis

PubMed Central

Lombardi, D; Pannala, R; Sorock, G; Wellman, H; Courtney, T; Verma, S; Smith, G

2005-01-01

Objective: To determine the activities and circumstances proximal to a welding related occupational eye injury, a hybrid narrative coding approach derived from two well developed classification systems was developed to categorize and describe the activity, initiating process, mechanism of injury, object and/or substance, and the use of protective eyewear from the narrative text data reported for each injury. Methods: Routinely collected workers' compensation claims over a one year period (2000) were analyzed from a large US insurance provider. An index term search algorithm of occupation, incident, and injury description fields identified 2209 potential welding related eye injury claims. After detailed review of these claims, 1353 welders and 822 non-welders were analyzed. Results: During 2000, eye(s) as the primary injured body part accounted for 5% (n = 26 413) of all compensation claims. Eye injuries accounted for 25% of all claims for welders. Subjects were mainly male (97.1%) and from manufacturing (70.4%), service (11.8%), or construction (8.4%) related industries. Most injuries were foreign body (71.7%) or burn (22.2%) and 17.6% were bilateral. Common activities include welding (31.9%) and/or grinding (22.5%). Being struck by an airborne object occurred in 56.3% of cases. Non-welders showed similar patterns except that burns (43.8%) were more frequent and more often initiated by another worker (13.9%). Conclusions: Narrative injury text provides valuable data to supplement traditional epidemiologic analyses. Workers performing welding tasks or working nearby welders should be trained to recognize potential hazards and the effective use of proper safety equipment to prevent ocular injury. PMID:15933411

Welding related occupational eye injuries: a narrative analysis.

PubMed

Lombardi, D A; Pannala, R; Sorock, G S; Wellman, H; Courtney, T K; Verma, S; Smith, G S

2005-06-01

To determine the activities and circumstances proximal to a welding related occupational eye injury, a hybrid narrative coding approach derived from two well developed classification systems was developed to categorize and describe the activity, initiating process, mechanism of injury, object and/or substance, and the use of protective eyewear from the narrative text data reported for each injury. Routinely collected workers' compensation claims over a one year period (2000) were analyzed from a large US insurance provider. An index term search algorithm of occupation, incident, and injury description fields identified 2209 potential welding related eye injury claims. After detailed review of these claims, 1353 welders and 822 non-welders were analyzed. During 2000, eye(s) as the primary injured body part accounted for 5% (n = 26 413) of all compensation claims. Eye injuries accounted for 25% of all claims for welders. Subjects were mainly male (97.1%) and from manufacturing (70.4%), service (11.8%), or construction (8.4%) related industries. Most injuries were foreign body (71.7%) or burn (22.2%) and 17.6% were bilateral. Common activities include welding (31.9%) and/or grinding (22.5%). Being struck by an airborne object occurred in 56.3% of cases. Non-welders showed similar patterns except that burns (43.8%) were more frequent and more often initiated by another worker (13.9%). Narrative injury text provides valuable data to supplement traditional epidemiologic analyses. Workers performing welding tasks or working nearby welders should be trained to recognize potential hazards and the effective use of proper safety equipment to prevent ocular injury.

Beyond perceptual load and dilution: a review of the role of working memory in selective attention

PubMed Central

de Fockert, Jan W.

2013-01-01

The perceptual load and dilution models differ fundamentally in terms of the proposed mechanism underlying variation in distractibility during different perceptual conditions. However, both models predict that distracting information can be processed beyond perceptual processing under certain conditions, a prediction that is well-supported by the literature. Load theory proposes that in such cases, where perceptual task aspects do not allow for sufficient attentional selectivity, the maintenance of task-relevant processing depends on cognitive control mechanisms, including working memory. The key prediction is that working memory plays a role in keeping clear processing priorities in the face of potential distraction, and the evidence reviewed and evaluated in a meta-analysis here supports this claim, by showing that the processing of distracting information tends to be enhanced when load on a concurrent task of working memory is high. Low working memory capacity is similarly associated with greater distractor processing in selective attention, again suggesting that the unavailability of working memory during selective attention leads to an increase in distractibility. Together, these findings suggest that selective attention against distractors that are processed beyond perception depends on the availability of working memory. Possible mechanisms for the effects of working memory on selective attention are discussed. PMID:23734139

Beyond perceptual load and dilution: a review of the role of working memory in selective attention.

PubMed

de Fockert, Jan W

2013-01-01

The perceptual load and dilution models differ fundamentally in terms of the proposed mechanism underlying variation in distractibility during different perceptual conditions. However, both models predict that distracting information can be processed beyond perceptual processing under certain conditions, a prediction that is well-supported by the literature. Load theory proposes that in such cases, where perceptual task aspects do not allow for sufficient attentional selectivity, the maintenance of task-relevant processing depends on cognitive control mechanisms, including working memory. The key prediction is that working memory plays a role in keeping clear processing priorities in the face of potential distraction, and the evidence reviewed and evaluated in a meta-analysis here supports this claim, by showing that the processing of distracting information tends to be enhanced when load on a concurrent task of working memory is high. Low working memory capacity is similarly associated with greater distractor processing in selective attention, again suggesting that the unavailability of working memory during selective attention leads to an increase in distractibility. Together, these findings suggest that selective attention against distractors that are processed beyond perception depends on the availability of working memory. Possible mechanisms for the effects of working memory on selective attention are discussed.

14 CFR 1261.308 - NASA officials authorized to act upon claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true NASA officials authorized to act upon claims... PROCESSING OF MONETARY CLAIMS (GENERAL) Claims Against NASA or Its Employees for Damage to or Loss of Property or Personal Injury or Death-Accruing On or After January 18, 1967 § 1261.308 NASA officials...

77 FR 3482 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request, National...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-24

... Insurance Claims Appeals Process. Type of Collection: Revision of a currently approved information collection. OMB Number: 1660-0095. Abstract: The process requires policyholders to submit a written appeal to..., National Flood Insurance Claims Appeals Process AGENCY: Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS. ACTION...

10 CFR 765.21 - Procedures for processing reimbursement claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Procedures for processing reimbursement claims. 765.21 Section 765.21 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY REIMBURSEMENT FOR COSTS OF REMEDIAL ACTION AT ACTIVE URANIUM... uranium or thorium processing site licensees for approved costs of remedial action will be made...

10 CFR 765.21 - Procedures for processing reimbursement claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Procedures for processing reimbursement claims. 765.21 Section 765.21 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY REIMBURSEMENT FOR COSTS OF REMEDIAL ACTION AT ACTIVE URANIUM... uranium or thorium processing site licensees for approved costs of remedial action will be made...

10 CFR 765.21 - Procedures for processing reimbursement claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Procedures for processing reimbursement claims. 765.21 Section 765.21 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY REIMBURSEMENT FOR COSTS OF REMEDIAL ACTION AT ACTIVE URANIUM... uranium or thorium processing site licensees for approved costs of remedial action will be made...

43 CFR 3833.11 - How do I record mining claims and sites?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MINERALS MANAGEMENT (3000) RECORDING MINING CLAIMS AND SITES Recording Process § 3833.11 How do I record mining claims and sites? (a) You must record in the...

43 CFR 3833.11 - How do I record mining claims and sites?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MINERALS MANAGEMENT (3000) RECORDING MINING CLAIMS AND SITES Recording Process § 3833.11 How do I record mining claims and sites? (a) You must record in the...

43 CFR 3833.11 - How do I record mining claims and sites?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MINERALS MANAGEMENT (3000) RECORDING MINING CLAIMS AND SITES Recording Process § 3833.11 How do I record mining claims and sites? (a) You must record in the...

43 CFR 3833.11 - How do I record mining claims and sites?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MINERALS MANAGEMENT (3000) RECORDING MINING CLAIMS AND SITES Recording Process § 3833.11 How do I record mining claims and sites? (a) You must record in the...

42 CFR 456.700 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS UTILIZATION CONTROL Drug Use Review (DUR) Program and Electronic Claims Management System... outpatient DUR program that includes prospective drug review, retrospective drug use review, and an... optional point-of-sale electronic claims management system for processing claims for covered outpatient...

Lost in processing? Perceived healthfulness, taste and caloric content of whole and processed organic food.

PubMed

Prada, Marília; Garrido, Margarida V; Rodrigues, David

2017-07-01

The "organic" claim explicitly informs consumers about the food production method. Yet, based on this claim, people often infer unrelated food attributes. The current research examined whether the perceived advantage of organic over conventional food generalizes across different organic food types. Compared to whole organic foods, processed organic foods are less available, familiar and prototypical of the organic food category. In two studies (combined N = 258) we investigated how both organic foods types were perceived in healthfulness, taste and caloric content when compared to their conventional alternatives. Participants evaluated images of both whole (e.g., lettuce) and processed organic food exemplars (e.g., pizza), and reported general evaluations of these food types. The association of these evaluations with individual difference variables - self-reported knowledge and consumption of organic food, and environmental concerns - was also examined. Results showed that organically produced whole foods were perceived as more healthful, tastier and less caloric than those produced conventionally, thus replicating the well-established halo effect of the organic claim in food evaluation. The organic advantage was more pronounced among individuals who reported being more knowledgeable about organic food, consumed it more frequently, and were more environmentally concerned. The advantage of the organic claim for processed foods was less clear. Overall, processed organic (vs. conventional) foods were perceived as tastier, more healthful (Study 1) or equally healthful (Study 2), but also as more caloric. We argue that the features of processed food may modulate the impact of the organic claim, and outline possible research directions to test this assumption. Uncovering the specific conditions in which food claims bias consumer's perceptions and behavior may have important implications for marketing, health and public-policy related fields. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

20 CFR 10.7 - What forms are needed to process claims under the FECA?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

.... Form No. Title (1) CA-1 Federal Employee's Notice of Traumatic Injury and Claim for Continuation of Pay... Traumatic Injury or Occupational Disease (8) CA-7a Time Analysis Form (9) CA-7b Leave Buy Back (LBB... claims under the FECA? (a) Notice of injury, claims and certain specified reports shall be made on forms...

20 CFR 10.7 - What forms are needed to process claims under the FECA?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

.... Form No. Title (1) CA-1 Federal Employee's Notice of Traumatic Injury and Claim for Continuation of Pay... Traumatic Injury or Occupational Disease (8) CA-7a Time Analysis Form (9) CA-7b Leave Buy Back (LBB... claims under the FECA? (a) Notice of injury, claims and certain specified reports shall be made on forms...

Characteristics of claims in the management of septic arthritis in Japan: Retrospective analyses of judicial precedents and closed claims.

PubMed

Otaki, Yasuhiro; DaSilva, Makiko Ishida; Saito, Yuichi; Oyama, Yasuaki; Oiso, Giichiro; Yoshida, Tomohiko; Fukuhara, Masakazu; Moriyama, Mitsuru

2018-03-01

Septic arthritis (SA) cases can result in claims or litigation because of poor prognosis even if it is unavoidable. Although these claims or litigation are useful for understanding causes and background factors of medical errors, the characteristics of malpractice claims associated with SA remain undetermined in Japan. This study aimed to increase our understanding of malpractice claims in the clinical management of SA. We analyzed 6 civil precedents and 16 closed claims of SA from 8530 malpractice claims processed between July 2004 and June 2014 by the Tokyo office of Sompo Japan Nipponkoa Insurance, Incorporated. We also studied 5 accident and 21 incident reports of SA based on project data compiled by the Japan Council for Quality Health Care. The rate of negligence was 83.3% in the precedents and 75.0% in closed claims. Two main malpractice claim patterns were revealed: SA in a lower extremity joint following sepsis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in newborns and SA in an injection site following joint injection. These two patterns accounted for 83.3% and 56.3% of judicial cases and closed claim cases, respectively. Breakdowns in care process of accident and incident reports were clearly differentiated from judicial cases or closed claim cases (Fisher's exact test, p < 0.001). It is important to pay particular attention to SA following sepsis in newborns and to monitor for any signs of SA after joint injection to ensure early diagnosis. Analysis of both malpractice claims and accident and incident reports is essential to ensure a full understanding of the situation in Japan. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC.

Syntactic Processing in the Human Brain: What We Know, What We Don't Know, and a Suggestion for How to Proceed

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fedorenko, Evelina; Nieto-Castanon, Alfonso; Kanwisher, Nancy

2012-01-01

For every claim in the neuroimaging literature about a particular brain region supporting syntactic processing, there exist other claims implicating the target region in different linguistic processes, and, in many cases, in non-linguistic cognitive processes (e.g., Blumstein, 2009). We argue that traditional group analysis methods in neuroimaging…

Empowerment of personal injury victims through the internet: design of a randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Elbers, Nieke A; Akkermans, Arno J; Cuijpers, Pim; Bruinvels, David J

2011-02-02

Research has shown that current claims settlement process can have a negative impact on psychological and physical recovery of personal injury (PI) victims. One of the explanations for the negative impact on health is that the claims settlement process is a stressful experience and victims suffer from renewed victimization caused by the claims settlement process. PI victims can experience a lack of information, lack of involvement, lack of 'voice', and poor communication. We present the first study that aims to empower PI victims with respect to the negative impact of the claims settlement process by means of an internet intervention. The study is a two armed, randomized controlled trial (RCT), in which 170 PI victims are randomized to either the intervention or control group. The intervention group will get access to a website providing 1) an information module, so participants learn what is happening and what to expect during the claims settlement process, and 2) an e-coach module, so participants learn to cope with problems they experience during the claims settlement process. The control group will get access to a website with hyperlinks to commonly available information only. Participants will be recruited via a PI claims settlement office. Participants are included if they have been involved in a traffic accident which happened less than two years ago, and are at least 18 years old.The main study parameter is the increase of empowerment within the intervention group compared to the control group. Empowerment will be measured by the mastery scale and a self-efficacy scale. The secondary outcomes are perceived justice, burden, well being, work ability, knowledge, amount of damages, and lawyer-client communication. Data are collected at baseline (T0 measurement before randomization), at three months, six months, and twelve months after baseline. Analyses will be conducted according to the intention-to-treat principle. This study evaluates the effectiveness of an internet intervention aimed at empowerment of PI victims. The results will give more insight into the impact of compensation proceedings on health over time, and they can have important consequences for legal claims settlement. Strengths and limitations of this study are discussed. Netherlands Trial Register NTR2360.

75 FR 38118 - In the Matter of Certain Electronic Devices With Image Processing Systems, Components Thereof...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-01

... With Image Processing Systems, Components Thereof, and Associated Software; Notice of Investigation..., and associated software by reason of infringement of certain claims of U.S. Patent Nos. 7,043,087... processing systems, components thereof, and associated software that infringe one or more of claims 1, 6, and...

16 CFR 260.9 - Free-of claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... intentionally to the product. Example 1: A package of t-shirts is labeled “Shirts made with a chlorine-free bleaching process.” The shirts, however, are bleached with a process that releases a reduced, but still... substantiated claim, however, that the shirts were “bleached with a process that releases 50% less of the...

16 CFR 260.9 - Free-of claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... intentionally to the product. Example 1: A package of t-shirts is labeled “Shirts made with a chlorine-free bleaching process.” The shirts, however, are bleached with a process that releases a reduced, but still... substantiated claim, however, that the shirts were “bleached with a process that releases 50% less of the...

10 CFR 782.6 - Processing of administrative claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CLAIMS FOR PATENT AND COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT Requirements and Procedures... regarding claims should be addressed to: General Counsel, ATTN: Assistant General Counsel for Patents, Office of the General Counsel, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20545. If any communication...

10 CFR 782.6 - Processing of administrative claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CLAIMS FOR PATENT AND COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT Requirements and Procedures... regarding claims should be addressed to: General Counsel, ATTN: Assistant General Counsel for Patents, Office of the General Counsel, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20545. If any communication...

10 CFR 782.6 - Processing of administrative claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CLAIMS FOR PATENT AND COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT Requirements and Procedures... regarding claims should be addressed to: General Counsel, ATTN: Assistant General Counsel for Patents, Office of the General Counsel, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20545. If any communication...

10 CFR 782.6 - Processing of administrative claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CLAIMS FOR PATENT AND COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT Requirements and Procedures... regarding claims should be addressed to: General Counsel, ATTN: Assistant General Counsel for Patents, Office of the General Counsel, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20545. If any communication...

10 CFR 782.6 - Processing of administrative claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CLAIMS FOR PATENT AND COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT Requirements and Procedures... regarding claims should be addressed to: General Counsel, ATTN: Assistant General Counsel for Patents, Office of the General Counsel, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20545. If any communication...

Talker-specific learning in amnesia: Insight into mechanisms of adaptive speech perception

PubMed Central

Trude, Alison M.; Duff, Melissa C.; Brown-Schmidt, Sarah

2014-01-01

A hallmark of human speech perception is the ability to comprehend speech quickly and effortlessly despite enormous variability across talkers. However, current theories of speech perception do not make specific claims about the memory mechanisms involved in this process. To examine whether declarative memory is necessary for talker-specific learning, we tested the ability of amnesic patients with severe declarative memory deficits to learn and distinguish the accents of two unfamiliar talkers by monitoring their eye-gaze as they followed spoken instructions. Analyses of the time-course of eye fixations showed that amnesic patients rapidly learned to distinguish these accents and tailored perceptual processes to the voice of each talker. These results demonstrate that declarative memory is not necessary for this ability and points to the involvement of non-declarative memory mechanisms. These results are consistent with findings that other social and accommodative behaviors are preserved in amnesia and contribute to our understanding of the interactions of multiple memory systems in the use and understanding of spoken language. PMID:24657480

The sonophysics and sonochemistry of liquid waste quantification and remeidation. 1997 annual progress report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Matula, T.J.

1997-01-01

'The first year has been extremely successful. The author was able to begin his studies immediately, without having to wait for equipment, etc. This report gives details on three projects that were initiated during the first year. The first project to be described involves an experiment to determine the basic mechanism for cavitation-chemistry, or sonochemistry, in particular the light-emission process: What is the fundamental mechanism for light emission from cavitating bubbles? There are many theories, but most fall into one of two camps. The first is that during the bubble collapse, the interior heats up quazi-adiabatically, and light emission ismore » a result of an incandescence. The second camp claims that the light-emission process is electrical. During the bubble collapse, there is an electrical discharge that results in light emission. Chemical degradation optimization depends greatly on which mechanism is dominant. The authors proposed to look for an electrical signal that would be generated if discharges were involved.'« less

An empirical Bayesian and Buhlmann approach with non-homogenous Poisson process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Noviyanti, Lienda

2015-12-01

All general insurance companies in Indonesia have to adjust their current premium rates according to maximum and minimum limit rates in the new regulation established by the Financial Services Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan / OJK). In this research, we estimated premium rate by means of the Bayesian and the Buhlmann approach using historical claim frequency and claim severity in a five-group risk. We assumed a Poisson distributed claim frequency and a Normal distributed claim severity. Particularly, we used a non-homogenous Poisson process for estimating the parameters of claim frequency. We found that estimated premium rates are higher than the actual current rate. Regarding to the OJK upper and lower limit rates, the estimates among the five-group risk are varied; some are in the interval and some are out of the interval.

42 CFR 456.700 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS UTILIZATION CONTROL Drug Use Review (DUR) Program and Electronic Claims Management System... optional point-of-sale electronic claims management system for processing claims for covered outpatient... 42 Public Health 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Scope. 456.700 Section 456.700 Public Health...

77 FR 74830 - Request for Comments on a Patent Small Claims Proceeding in the United States

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-18

... agree to waive their right to a jury trial as a condition of participating in a small claims proceeding... powers, the right to a jury trial, and/or due process; (q) Whether the patent small claim proceedings...

TRlCARE Controls Over Claims Prepared by Third-Party Billing Agencies

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-31

of the HHS-excluded billing agencies to the TRICARE claims database and saw that payments were sent to the addresses of three billing agencies...contractors and subcontractors responsible for claims processing, including TriWest, Wisconsin Physicians Services, HealthNet, Palmetto Government

77 FR 42554 - Proposed Information Collection (Authorization To Substitute a Claim of a Deceased Claimant...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-19

... needed to allow claimants to request substitution for a claimant, who passed away, prior to VA processing... away, prior to VA processing a claim to completion. This is only allowed when a claimant dies while a...

Mining Claim Activity on Federal Land for the Period 1976 through 2003

USGS Publications Warehouse

Causey, J. Douglas

2005-01-01

Previous reports on mining claim records provided information and statistics (number of claims) using data from the U.S. Bureau of Land Management's (BLM) Mining Claim Recordation System. Since that time, BLM converted their mining claim data to the Legacy Repost 2000 system (LR2000). This report describes a process to extract similar statistical data about mining claims from LR2000 data using different software and procedures than were used in the earlier work. A major difference between this process and the previous work is that every section that has a mining claim record is assigned a value. This is done by proportioning a claim between each section in which it is recorded. Also, the mining claim data in this report includes all BLM records, not just the western states. LR2000 mining claim database tables for the United States were provided by BLM in text format and imported into a Microsoft? Access2000 database in January, 2004. Data from two tables in the BLM LR2000 database were summarized through a series of database queries to determine a number that represents active mining claims in each Public Land Survey (PLS) section for each of the years from 1976 to 2002. For most of the area, spatial databases are also provided. The spatial databases are only configured to work with the statistics provided in the non-spatial data files. They are suitable for geographic information system (GIS)-based regional assessments at a scale of 1:100,000 or smaller (for example, 1:250,000).

32 CFR 282.4 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... certain claim settlement and advance decision functions that, by statute or delegation, are vested in the... SETTLING PERSONNEL AND GENERAL CLAIMS AND PROCESSING ADVANCE DECISION REQUESTS § 282.4 Policy. It is DoD policy that: (a) Claims shall be settled and advance decisions rendered in accordance with all pertinent...

42 CFR 456.725 - Funding of ECM system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Claims Management System for Outpatient Drug Claims § 456.725 Funding of ECM system. (a) For funds..., and implementation of an on-line, real-time claims management system (that is, the most cost-effective... process that is integrated into a single comprehensive utilization and information reporting system. ...

Supernatural Explanations: Science or Not?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eastwell, Peter

2011-01-01

Contrary to the advice of supposedly authoritative sources, the a priori exclusion of supernatural explanations or claims from scientific scrutiny is not appropriate. This paper shows how supernatural hypotheses or claims should be treated by science and, in the process, differentiates scientific and non-scientific hypotheses or claims.…

5 CFR 179.102 - Delegation of authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 179.102 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS CLAIMS... delegates will request a review by the General Counsel or his or her designee for all claims processed (in... Retirement and Disability Fund (subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84), claims under the provisions of...

5 CFR 179.102 - Delegation of authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 179.102 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS CLAIMS... delegates will request a review by the General Counsel or his or her designee for all claims processed (in... Retirement and Disability Fund (subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84), claims under the provisions of...

5 CFR 179.102 - Delegation of authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 179.102 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS CLAIMS... delegates will request a review by the General Counsel or his or her designee for all claims processed (in... Retirement and Disability Fund (subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84), claims under the provisions of...

5 CFR 179.102 - Delegation of authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 179.102 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS CLAIMS... delegates will request a review by the General Counsel or his or her designee for all claims processed (in... Retirement and Disability Fund (subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84), claims under the provisions of...

5 CFR 179.102 - Delegation of authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 179.102 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS CLAIMS... delegates will request a review by the General Counsel or his or her designee for all claims processed (in... Retirement and Disability Fund (subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84), claims under the provisions of...

Bias in the exchange of arguments: the case of scientists' evaluation of lay viewpoints on GM food.

PubMed

Cuppen, Eefje; Hisschemøller, Matthijs; Midden, Cees

2009-09-01

Most perspectives on public participation share the notion that dialogues should be open, allowing participants to articulate and evaluate different views and knowledge claims. We hypothesize that participants' evaluation of claims may be biased because participants have a preference for a particular type or source of a claim. This would hamper an open dialogue. We tested the effect of three variables on scientists' evaluation of claims of the general public about GM food: the claim's favorability towards GM food, the phrasing, and the source of the claim. Results are based on a survey-experiment among 73 biotechnology-scientists. Biased processing occurred when scientists evaluated claims. Claims that were corresponding with the attitude of the scientists and that were phrased in a cognitive way were evaluated more positively than claims that were contrasting the attitude of the scientists and that were phrased in an affective way. Contrary to our expectation, scientists evaluated claims of the public more positively than claims of experts.

20 CFR 71.7 - Claim filing, processing, adjudication and time limits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... OF LABOR COMPENSATION FOR INJURY, DISABILITY OR DEATH OF CIVILIAN AMERICAN CITIZENS INCURRED WHILE..., processing, adjudication and time limits. (a) Claims for injury, disability or death benefits payable under... provisions of statute, shall not begin to run earlier than July 3, 1948. ...

32 CFR 751.6 - Claims payable.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... (JFTR), rather than as a loss incident to service. (d) Mobile homes and contents in shipment. Claims for damage to mobile homes and contents in shipment are payable unless the damage was caused by structural or mechanical defects or by the claimant's negligence in securing the mobile home or packing its contents. (e...

32 CFR 751.6 - Claims payable.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... (JFTR), rather than as a loss incident to service. (d) Mobile homes and contents in shipment. Claims for damage to mobile homes and contents in shipment are payable unless the damage was caused by structural or mechanical defects or by the claimant's negligence in securing the mobile home or packing its contents. (e...

20 CFR 30.320 - Can a claim be reopened after the FAB has issued a final decision?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Can a claim be reopened after the FAB has... AMENDED Adjudicatory Process Reopening Claims § 30.320 Can a claim be reopened after the FAB has issued a final decision? (a) At any time after the FAB has issued a final decision pursuant to § 30.316, and...

The positive side of a negative reference: the delay between linguistic processing and common ground

PubMed Central

Noveck, Ira; Rivera, Natalia; Jaume-Guazzini, Francisco

2017-01-01

Interlocutors converge on names to refer to entities. For example, a speaker might refer to a novel looking object as the jellyfish and, once identified, the listener will too. The hypothesized mechanism behind such referential precedents is a subject of debate. The common ground view claims that listeners register the object as well as the identity of the speaker who coined the label. The linguistic view claims that, once established, precedents are treated by listeners like any other linguistic unit, i.e. without needing to keep track of the speaker. To test predictions from each account, we used visual-world eyetracking, which allows observations in real time, during a standard referential communication task. Participants had to select objects based on instructions from two speakers. In the critical condition, listeners sought an object with a negative reference such as not the jellyfish. We aimed to determine the extent to which listeners rely on the linguistic input, common ground or both. We found that initial interpretations were based on linguistic processing only and that common ground considerations do emerge but only after 1000 ms. Our findings support the idea that—at least temporally—linguistic processing can be isolated from common ground. PMID:28386440

Emotions are emergent processes: they require a dynamic computational architecture

PubMed Central

Scherer, Klaus R.

2009-01-01

Emotion is a cultural and psychobiological adaptation mechanism which allows each individual to react flexibly and dynamically to environmental contingencies. From this claim flows a description of the elements theoretically needed to construct a virtual agent with the ability to display human-like emotions and to respond appropriately to human emotional expression. This article offers a brief survey of the desirable features of emotion theories that make them ideal blueprints for agent models. In particular, the component process model of emotion is described, a theory which postulates emotion-antecedent appraisal on different levels of processing that drive response system patterning predictions. In conclusion, investing seriously in emergent computational modelling of emotion using a nonlinear dynamic systems approach is suggested. PMID:19884141

Models of recognition: a review of arguments in favor of a dual-process account.

PubMed

Diana, Rachel A; Reder, Lynne M; Arndt, Jason; Park, Heekyeong

2006-02-01

The majority of computationally specified models of recognition memory have been based on a single-process interpretation, claiming that familiarity is the only influence on recognition. There is increasing evidence that recognition is, in fact, based on two processes: recollection and familiarity. This article reviews the current state of the evidence for dual-process models, including the usefulness of the remember/know paradigm, and interprets the relevant results in terms of the source of activation confusion (SAC) model of memory. We argue that the evidence from each of the areas we discuss, when combined, presents a strong case that inclusion of a recollection process is necessary. Given this conclusion, we also argue that the dual-process claim that the recollection process is always available is, in fact, more parsimonious than the single-process claim that the recollection process is used only in certain paradigms. The value of a well-specified process model such as the SAC model is discussed with regard to other types of dual-process models.

32 CFR 536.56 - Negotiations-purpose and extent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2012-07-01 2009-07-01 true Negotiations-purpose and extent. 536.56 Section... CLAIMS AGAINST THE UNITED STATES Investigation and Processing of Claims § 536.56 Negotiations—purpose and extent. It is DA policy to settle meritorious claims promptly and fairly through direct negotiation at...

32 CFR 536.56 - Negotiations-purpose and extent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Negotiations-purpose and extent. 536.56 Section... CLAIMS AGAINST THE UNITED STATES Investigation and Processing of Claims § 536.56 Negotiations—purpose and extent. It is DA policy to settle meritorious claims promptly and fairly through direct negotiation at...

32 CFR 536.56 - Negotiations-purpose and extent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Negotiations-purpose and extent. 536.56 Section... CLAIMS AGAINST THE UNITED STATES Investigation and Processing of Claims § 536.56 Negotiations—purpose and extent. It is DA policy to settle meritorious claims promptly and fairly through direct negotiation at...

32 CFR 536.56 - Negotiations-purpose and extent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Negotiations-purpose and extent. 536.56 Section... CLAIMS AGAINST THE UNITED STATES Investigation and Processing of Claims § 536.56 Negotiations—purpose and extent. It is DA policy to settle meritorious claims promptly and fairly through direct negotiation at...

32 CFR 536.56 - Negotiations-purpose and extent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Negotiations-purpose and extent. 536.56 Section... CLAIMS AGAINST THE UNITED STATES Investigation and Processing of Claims § 536.56 Negotiations—purpose and extent. It is DA policy to settle meritorious claims promptly and fairly through direct negotiation at...

7 CFR 210.8 - Claims for reimbursement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... school food authority shall promptly follow-up through phone contact, on-site visits or other means when... Reimbursement and all data used in the claims review process, by school. Records shall be retained as specified... authority to submit a consolidated Claim for Reimbursement for all schools under its jurisdiction, provided...

7 CFR 210.8 - Claims for reimbursement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... school food authority shall promptly follow-up through phone contact, on-site visits or other means when... Reimbursement and all data used in the claims review process, by school. Records shall be retained as specified... authority to submit a consolidated Claim for Reimbursement for all schools under its jurisdiction, provided...

7 CFR 210.8 - Claims for reimbursement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... school food authority shall promptly follow-up through phone contact, on-site visits or other means when... Reimbursement and all data used in the claims review process, by school. Records shall be retained as specified... authority to submit a consolidated Claim for Reimbursement for all schools under its jurisdiction, provided...

7 CFR 210.8 - Claims for reimbursement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... school food authority shall promptly follow-up through phone contact, on-site visits or other means when... Reimbursement and all data used in the claims review process, by school. Records shall be retained as specified... authority to submit a consolidated Claim for Reimbursement for all schools under its jurisdiction, provided...

32 CFR 536.63 - Settlement agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Settlement agreements. 536.63 Section 536.63... AGAINST THE UNITED STATES Investigation and Processing of Claims § 536.63 Settlement agreements. (a) When... and 536.61. A settlement agreement is required prior to payment on all tort claims, whether the claim...

32 CFR 536.63 - Settlement agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2012-07-01 2009-07-01 true Settlement agreements. 536.63 Section 536.63... AGAINST THE UNITED STATES Investigation and Processing of Claims § 536.63 Settlement agreements. (a) When... and 536.61. A settlement agreement is required prior to payment on all tort claims, whether the claim...

20 CFR 405.340 - Deciding a claim without a hearing before an administrative law judge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... administrative law judge. 405.340 Section 405.340 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW PROCESS FOR ADJUDICATING INITIAL DISABILITY CLAIMS Administrative Law Judge Hearing § 405.340 Deciding a claim without a hearing before an administrative law judge. (a) Decision wholly...

Publication bias and the canonization of false facts.

PubMed

Nissen, Silas Boye; Magidson, Tali; Gross, Kevin; Bergstrom, Carl T

2016-12-20

Science is facing a "replication crisis" in which many experimental findings cannot be replicated and are likely to be false. Does this imply that many scientific facts are false as well? To find out, we explore the process by which a claim becomes fact. We model the community's confidence in a claim as a Markov process with successive published results shifting the degree of belief. Publication bias in favor of positive findings influences the distribution of published results. We find that unless a sufficient fraction of negative results are published, false claims frequently can become canonized as fact. Data-dredging, p-hacking, and similar behaviors exacerbate the problem. Should negative results become easier to publish as a claim approaches acceptance as a fact, however, true and false claims would be more readily distinguished. To the degree that the model reflects the real world, there may be serious concerns about the validity of purported facts in some disciplines.

Effectiveness of employer financial incentives in reducing time to report worker injury: an interrupted time series study of two Australian workers' compensation jurisdictions.

PubMed

Lane, Tyler J; Gray, Shannon; Hassani-Mahmooei, Behrooz; Collie, Alex

2018-01-05

Early intervention following occupational injury can improve health outcomes and reduce the duration and cost of workers' compensation claims. Financial early reporting incentives (ERIs) for employers may shorten the time between injury and access to compensation benefits and services. We examined ERI effect on time spent in the claim lodgement process in two Australian states: South Australia (SA), which introduced them in January 2009, and Tasmania (TAS), which introduced them in July 2010. Using administrative records of 1.47 million claims lodged between July 2006 and June 2012, we conducted an interrupted time series study of ERI impact on monthly median days in the claim lodgement process. Time periods included claim reporting, insurer decision, and total time. The 18-month gap in implementation between the states allowed for a multiple baseline design. In SA, we analysed periods within claim reporting: worker and employer reporting times (similar data were not available in TAS). To account for external threats to validity, we examined impact in reference to a comparator of other Australian workers' compensation jurisdictions. Total time in the process did not immediately change, though trend significantly decreased in both jurisdictions (SA: -0.36 days per month, 95% CI -0.63 to -0.09; TAS: 0.35, -0.50 to -0.20). Claim reporting time also decreased in both (SA: -1.6 days, -2.4 to -0.8; TAS: -5.4, -7.4 to -3.3). In TAS, there was a significant increase in insurer decision time (4.6, 3.9 to 5.4) and a similar but non-significant pattern in SA. In SA, worker reporting time significantly decreased (-4.7, -5.8 to -3.5), but employer reporting time did not (-0.3, -0.8 to 0.2). The results suggest that ERIs reduced claim lodgement time and, in the long-term, reduced total time in the claim lodgement process. However, only worker reporting time significantly decreased in SA, indicating that ERIs may not have shortened the process through the intended target of employer reporting time. Lack of similar data in Tasmania limited our ability to determine whether this was a result of ERIs or another component of the legislative changes. Further, increases in insurer decision time highlight possible unintended negative effects.

The co-development of looking dynamics and discrimination performance

PubMed Central

Perone, Sammy; Spencer, John P.

2015-01-01

The study of looking dynamics and discrimination form the backbone of developmental science and are central processes in theories of infant cognition. Looking dynamics and discrimination change dramatically across the first year of life. Surprisingly, developmental changes in looking and discrimination have not been studied together. Recent simulations of a dynamic neural field (DNF) model of infant looking and memory suggest that looking and discrimination do change together over development and arise from a single neurodevelopmental mechanism. We probe this claim by measuring looking dynamics and discrimination along continuous, metrically organized dimensions in 5-, 7, and 10-month-old infants (N = 119). The results showed that looking dynamics and discrimination changed together over development and are linked within individuals. Quantitative simulations of a DNF model provide insights into the processes that underlie developmental change in looking dynamics and discrimination. Simulation results support the view that these changes might arise from a single neurodevelopmental mechanism. PMID:23957821

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Johnson, M.R.

By training and experience in engineering I am able to converse in a few technical areas such as control systems and microprocessors. Today the subject is people and my only claim to credibility is as a person in the technical work force, enlightened by a certain amount of enthusiasm, observation and study. The subject is as important as it is interesting, and is literally the key to our collective future. I want to explore the mechanism of human innovation - the creative process. I will discuss the complementary roles of man and machines to provide a perspective of where manmore » can function best. The mechanism we call the human mind is then briefly described. But the main thrust is a summary of the identifiable steps in the human creative process. Finally, I conclude with a statement on the evolution of ideas and offer suggestions on providing a supportive environment.« less

Network analysis of human diseases using Korean nationwide claims data.

PubMed

Kim, Jin Hee; Son, Ki Young; Shin, Dong Wook; Kim, Sang Hyuk; Yun, Jae Won; Shin, Jung Hyun; Kang, Mi So; Chung, Eui Heon; Yoo, Kyoung Hun; Yun, Jae Moon

2016-06-01

To investigate disease-disease associations by conducting a network analysis using Korean nationwide claims data. We used the claims data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service-National Patient Sample for the year 2011. Among the 2049 disease codes in the claims data, 1154 specific disease codes were used and combined into 795 representative disease codes. We analyzed for 381 representative codes, which had a prevalence of >0.1%. For disease code pairs of a combination of 381 representative disease codes, P values were calculated by using the χ(2) test and the degrees of associations were expressed as odds ratios (ORs). For 5515 (7.62%) statistically significant disease-disease associations with a large effect size (OR>5), we constructed a human disease network consisting of 369 nodes and 5515 edges. The human disease network shows the distribution of diseases in the disease network and the relationships between diseases or disease groups, demonstrating that diseases are associated with each other, forming a complex disease network. We reviewed 5515 disease-disease associations and classified them according to underlying mechanisms. Several disease-disease associations were identified, but the evidence of these associations is not sufficient and the mechanisms underlying these associations have not been clarified yet. Further research studies are needed to investigate these associations and their underlying mechanisms. Human disease network analysis using claims data enriches the understanding of human diseases and provides new insights into disease-disease associations that can be useful in future research. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

76 FR 79703 - Notice of Submission for Extension of a Currently Approved Information Collection to OMB; Comment...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-22

... Special Claims Processing. Description of Information Collection: This is an extension of a currently... Extension of a Currently Approved Information Collection to OMB; Comment Request Applications for Housing Assistance Payments and Special Claims Processing AGENCY: Office of Program Systems Management. ACTION...

Empowerment of personal injury victims through the internet: design of a randomized controlled trial

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background Research has shown that current claims settlement process can have a negative impact on psychological and physical recovery of personal injury (PI) victims. One of the explanations for the negative impact on health is that the claims settlement process is a stressful experience and victims suffer from renewed victimization caused by the claims settlement process. PI victims can experience a lack of information, lack of involvement, lack of 'voice', and poor communication. We present the first study that aims to empower PI victims with respect to the negative impact of the claims settlement process by means of an internet intervention. Methods/design The study is a two armed, randomized controlled trial (RCT), in which 170 PI victims are randomized to either the intervention or control group. The intervention group will get access to a website providing 1) an information module, so participants learn what is happening and what to expect during the claims settlement process, and 2) an e-coach module, so participants learn to cope with problems they experience during the claims settlement process. The control group will get access to a website with hyperlinks to commonly available information only. Participants will be recruited via a PI claims settlement office. Participants are included if they have been involved in a traffic accident which happened less than two years ago, and are at least 18 years old. The main study parameter is the increase of empowerment within the intervention group compared to the control group. Empowerment will be measured by the mastery scale and a self-efficacy scale. The secondary outcomes are perceived justice, burden, well being, work ability, knowledge, amount of damages, and lawyer-client communication. Data are collected at baseline (T0 measurement before randomization), at three months, six months, and twelve months after baseline. Analyses will be conducted according to the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion This study evaluates the effectiveness of an internet intervention aimed at empowerment of PI victims. The results will give more insight into the impact of compensation proceedings on health over time, and they can have important consequences for legal claims settlement. Strengths and limitations of this study are discussed. Trial registration Netherlands Trial Register NTR2360 PMID:21288346

Ultra-processed family foods in Australia: nutrition claims, health claims and marketing techniques.

PubMed

Pulker, Claire Elizabeth; Scott, Jane Anne; Pollard, Christina Mary

2018-01-01

To objectively evaluate voluntary nutrition and health claims and marketing techniques present on packaging of high-market-share ultra-processed foods (UPF) in Australia for their potential impact on public health. Cross-sectional. Packaging information from five high-market-share food manufacturers and one retailer were obtained from supermarket and manufacturers' websites. Ingredients lists for 215 UPF were examined for presence of added sugar. Packaging information was categorised using a taxonomy of nutrition and health information which included nutrition and health claims and five common food marketing techniques. Compliance of statements and claims with the Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code and with Health Star Ratings (HSR) were assessed for all products. Almost all UPF (95 %) contained added sugars described in thirty-four different ways; 55 % of UPF displayed a HSR; 56 % had nutrition claims (18 % were compliant with regulations); 25 % had health claims (79 % were compliant); and 97 % employed common food marketing techniques. Packaging of 47 % of UPF was designed to appeal to children. UPF carried a mean of 1·5 health and nutrition claims (range 0-10) and 2·6 marketing techniques (range 0-5), and 45 % had HSR≤3·0/5·0. Most UPF packaging featured nutrition and health statements or claims despite the high prevalence of added sugars and moderate HSR. The degree of inappropriate or inaccurate statements and claims present is concerning, particularly on packaging designed to appeal to children. Public policies to assist parents to select healthy family foods should address the quality and accuracy of information provided on UPF packaging.

Socially Extended Cognition and Shared Intentionality

PubMed Central

Lyre, Holger

2018-01-01

The paper looks at the intersection of extended cognition and social cognition. The central claim is that the mechanisms of shared intentionality can equally be considered as coupling mechanisms of cognitive extension into the social domain. This claim will be demonstrated by investigating a detailed example of cooperative action, and it will be argued that such cases imply that socially extended cognition is not only about cognitive vehicles, but that content must additionally be taken into account. It is finally outlined how social content externalism can in principle be grounded in socially extended cognition. PMID:29892254

Land claims as a mechanism for wilderness protection in the Canadian Arctic

Treesearch

Vicki Sahanatien

2007-01-01

Northern land claims agreements support establishing national parks and wilderness protection but are not prescriptive on wilderness management or what wilderness values should be protected. Parks Canada does not have strong wilderness policy or guidelines, which hampers development of management plans for northern national parks and progress on legislation of...

The Effect of a Workplace-Based Early Intervention Program on Work-Related Musculoskeletal Compensation Outcomes at a Poultry Meat Processing Plant.

PubMed

Donovan, Michael; Khan, Asaduzzaman; Johnston, Venerina

2017-03-01

Introduction The aim of this study is to determine whether a workplace-based early intervention injury prevention program reduces work-related musculoskeletal compensation outcomes in poultry meat processing workers. Methods A poultry meatworks in Queensland, Australia implemented an onsite early intervention which included immediate reporting and triage, reassurance, multidisciplinary participatory consultation, workplace modifica tion and onsite physiotherapy. Secondary pre-post analyses of the meatworks' compensation data over 4 years were performed, with the intervention commencing 2 years into the study period. Outcome measures included rate of claims, costs per claim and work days absent at an individual claim level. Where possible, similar analyses were performed on data for Queensland's poultry meat processing industry (excluding the meatworks used in this study). Results At the intervention meatworks, in the post intervention period an 18 % reduction in claims per 1 million working hours (p = 0.017) was observed. Generalized linear modelling revealed a significant reduction in average costs per claim of $831 (OR 0.74; 95 % CI 0.59-0.93; p = 0.009). Median days absent was reduced by 37 % (p = 0.024). For the poultry meat processing industry over the same period, generalized linear modelling revealed no significant change in average costs per claim (OR 1.02; 95 % CI 0.76-1.36; p = 0.91). Median days absent was unchanged (p = 0.93). Conclusion The introduction of an onsite, workplace-based early intervention injury prevention program demonstrated positive effects on compensation outcomes for work-related musculoskeletal disorders in poultry meat processing workers. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the findings of the present study.

76 FR 11283 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request; Affordable...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-01

... for OMB Review; Comment Request; Affordable Care Act Internal Claims and Appeals and External Review...) titled, ``Affordable Care Act Internal Claims and Appeals and External Review Procedures for Non... rules relating to internal claims and appeals and external review processes. On July 23, 2010, the EBSA...

76 FR 44491 - Group Health Plans and Health Insurance Issuers: Rules Relating to Internal Claims and Appeals...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-26

... 37208) entitled, ``Group Health Plans and Health Insurance Issuers: Rules Relating to Internal Claims..., ``Group Health Plans and Health Insurance Issuers: Rules Relating to Internal Claims and Appeals and... external review processes for group health plans and health insurance issuers offering coverage in the...

32 CFR 536.47 - Statute of limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... AGAINST THE UNITED STATES Investigation and Processing of Claims § 536.47 Statute of limitations. To be payable, a claim against the United States under any subpart, except §§ 536.114 through 536.116 (Claims... claimant is not required to know of the negligent or wrongful nature of the act or omission giving rise to...

32 CFR 536.47 - Statute of limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... AGAINST THE UNITED STATES Investigation and Processing of Claims § 536.47 Statute of limitations. To be payable, a claim against the United States under any subpart, except §§ 536.114 through 536.116 (Claims... claimant is not required to know of the negligent or wrongful nature of the act or omission giving rise to...

20 CFR 30.103 - How does a claimant make sure that OWCP has the evidence necessary to process the claim?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... WORKERS' COMPENSATION PROGRAMS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR ENERGY EMPLOYEES OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS COMPENSATION PROGRAM ACT OF 2000 CLAIMS FOR COMPENSATION UNDER THE ENERGY EMPLOYEES OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS COMPENSATION... substitute forms. Form No. Title (1) EE-1 Claim for Benefits Under the Energy Employees Occupational Illness...

32 CFR 536.132 - Procedure for processing UCMJ claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... the claim determines there is good cause for delay. Lack of knowledge of the existence of Article 139, or lack of knowledge of the identity of the offender, are examples of good cause for delay. (b) Form... the claim to the commander who exercises SPCMCA jurisdiction over the soldier for assessment. The...

76 FR 25707 - In the Matter of Certain Flash Memory and Products Containing Same; Notice of Commission Decision...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-05

... review of the ALJ's determination concerning the ALJ's findings on claim construction, infringement... Commission has also determined to review the ID's construction of the ``extracting'' limitation of claim 8 as... construction of the claim limitation ``accumulatively averaging working conditions of lots previously processed...

77 FR 2726 - General Services Administration Acquisition Regulation; Information Collection; Contract...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-19

... Claims, regarding final payment under construction and building services contract. GSA Form 1142 was... (GSAR Part 532 and 552.232-72; GSA Form 1142 Release of Claims) AGENCY: Office of the Chief Acquisition... have used this form to achieve uniformity and consistency in the release of claims process. Public...

28 CFR 104.6 - Amendments to this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... claims processed in accordance with the provisions of this Part that were in effect at the time that... current provisions of this Part, unless the claimant has notified the Special Master that he or she has elected to have the claim resolved under the regulations that were in effect at the time that the claim...

Process Management and Exception Handling in Multiprocessor Operating Systems Using Object-Oriented Design Techniques. Revised Sep. 1988

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Russo, Vincent; Johnston, Gary; Campbell, Roy

1988-01-01

The programming of the interrupt handling mechanisms, process switching primitives, scheduling mechanism, and synchronization primitives of an operating system for a multiprocessor require both efficient code in order to support the needs of high- performance or real-time applications and careful organization to facilitate maintenance. Although many advantages have been claimed for object-oriented class hierarchical languages and their corresponding design methodologies, the application of these techniques to the design of the primitives within an operating system has not been widely demonstrated. To investigate the role of class hierarchical design in systems programming, the authors have constructed the Choices multiprocessor operating system architecture the C++ programming language. During the implementation, it was found that many operating system design concerns can be represented advantageously using a class hierarchical approach, including: the separation of mechanism and policy; the organization of an operating system into layers, each of which represents an abstract machine; and the notions of process and exception management. In this paper, we discuss an implementation of the low-level primitives of this system and outline the strategy by which we developed our solution.

Administrative review process for adjudicating initial disability claims. Final rule.

PubMed

2006-03-31

The Social Security Administration is committed to providing the high quality of service the American people expect and deserve. In light of the significant growth in the number of disability claims and the increased complexity of those claims, the need to make substantial changes in our disability determination process has become urgent. We are publishing a final rule that amends our administrative review process for applications for benefits that are based on whether you are disabled under title II of the Social Security Act (the Act), or applications for supplemental security income (SSI) payments that are based on whether you are disabled or blind under title XVI of the Act. We expect that this final rule will improve the accuracy, consistency, and timeliness of decision-making throughout the disability determination process.

43 CFR 3832.34 - How may I use my mill site?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MINERALS MANAGEMENT (3000) LOCATING MINING CLAIMS OR SITES Mill Sites... plants and substations; (3) Tailings ponds and leach pads; (4) Rock and soil dumps; (5) Water and process... independent mill sites for processing metallic minerals from lode claims using: (1) Quartz or stamp mills; or...

43 CFR 3832.34 - How may I use my mill site?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MINERALS MANAGEMENT (3000) LOCATING MINING CLAIMS OR SITES Mill Sites... plants and substations; (3) Tailings ponds and leach pads; (4) Rock and soil dumps; (5) Water and process... independent mill sites for processing metallic minerals from lode claims using: (1) Quartz or stamp mills; or...

43 CFR 3832.34 - How may I use my mill site?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MINERALS MANAGEMENT (3000) LOCATING MINING CLAIMS OR SITES Mill Sites... plants and substations; (3) Tailings ponds and leach pads; (4) Rock and soil dumps; (5) Water and process... independent mill sites for processing metallic minerals from lode claims using: (1) Quartz or stamp mills; or...

37 CFR 201.15 - Special handling of pending claims requiring expedited processing for purposes of litigation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Special handling of pending..., Trademarks, and Copyrights COPYRIGHT OFFICE, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS COPYRIGHT OFFICE AND PROCEDURES GENERAL PROVISIONS § 201.15 Special handling of pending claims requiring expedited processing for purposes of...

5 CFR 831.1808 - Special processing for fraud claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Special processing for fraud claims. 831.1808 Section 831.1808 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) RETIREMENT Agency Requests to OPM for Recovery of a Debt from the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund § 831.1808...

5 CFR 845.408 - Special processing for fraud claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Special processing for fraud claims. 845.408 Section 845.408 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT SYSTEM-DEBT COLLECTION Agency Requests to OPM for Recovery of a Debt From the Civil Service...

42 CFR 431.830 - Basic elements of the Medicaid quality control (MQC) claims processing assessment system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Basic elements of the Medicaid quality control (MQC... & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS STATE ORGANIZATION AND GENERAL ADMINISTRATION Quality Control Medicaid Quality Control (mqc) Claims Processing...

29 CFR 2590.715-2719 - Internal claims and appeals and external review processes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... SECURITY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR GROUP HEALTH PLANS RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR GROUP HEALTH... and appeals and external review processes for group health plans and health insurance issuers that are..., 2010. (b) Internal claims and appeals process—(1) In general. A group health plan and a health...

29 CFR 2590.715-2719 - Internal claims and appeals and external review processes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... SECURITY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR GROUP HEALTH PLANS RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR GROUP HEALTH... and appeals and external review processes for group health plans and health insurance issuers that are..., 2010. (b) Internal claims and appeals process—(1) In general. A group health plan and a health...

29 CFR 2590.715-2719 - Internal claims and appeals and external review processes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... SECURITY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR GROUP HEALTH PLANS RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR GROUP HEALTH... and appeals and external review processes for group health plans and health insurance issuers that are..., 2010. (b) Internal claims and appeals process—(1) In general. A group health plan and a health...

42 CFR 414.902 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... carrier means an entity assigned by CMS to process and pay claims for drugs and biologicals under the CAP... participating CAP physician, in his or her clinical judgment, to require prompt action or attention for purposes... requirements of § 414.906(e) are met. Local carrier means an entity assigned by CMS to process and pay claims...

42 CFR 414.902 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... carrier means an entity assigned by CMS to process and pay claims for drugs and biologicals under the CAP... participating CAP physician, in his or her clinical judgment, to require prompt action or attention for purposes... requirements of § 414.906(e) are met. Local carrier means an entity assigned by CMS to process and pay claims...

42 CFR 414.902 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... carrier means an entity assigned by CMS to process and pay claims for drugs and biologicals under the CAP... participating CAP physician, in his or her clinical judgment, to require prompt action or attention for purposes... requirements of § 414.906(e) are met. Local carrier means an entity assigned by CMS to process and pay claims...

32 CFR 279.4 - Claims process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Retroactive Stop Loss Special Pay. This notification should reflect the estimated number of eligible months... from the individual's chain of command. (4) Establish claim and appellate procedures, websites, points...

32 CFR 279.4 - Claims process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Retroactive Stop Loss Special Pay. This notification should reflect the estimated number of eligible months... from the individual's chain of command. (4) Establish claim and appellate procedures, websites, points...

32 CFR 279.4 - Claims process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Retroactive Stop Loss Special Pay. This notification should reflect the estimated number of eligible months... from the individual's chain of command. (4) Establish claim and appellate procedures, websites, points...

32 CFR 279.4 - Claims process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Retroactive Stop Loss Special Pay. This notification should reflect the estimated number of eligible months... from the individual's chain of command. (4) Establish claim and appellate procedures, websites, points...

Learning Is the Journey: From Process Reengineering to Systemic Customer-Service Design at the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Benefits Administration

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-05-23

This monograph borrows from multiple disciplines to argue for an organizational shift from process reengineering to system design to improve...government customer-service delivery. Specifically, the monograph proposes a transformation in claims processing within the Veterans Benefits Administration...required. The proposed system design is an attempt to place the disability claims process within a larger environment encompassing multiple dimensions of customers.

The locus of serial processing in reading aloud: orthography-to-phonology computation or speech planning?

PubMed

Mousikou, Petroula; Rastle, Kathleen; Besner, Derek; Coltheart, Max

2015-07-01

Dual-route theories of reading posit that a sublexical reading mechanism that operates serially and from left to right is involved in the orthography-to-phonology computation. These theories attribute the masked onset priming effect (MOPE) and the phonological Stroop effect (PSE) to the serial left-to-right operation of this mechanism. However, both effects may arise during speech planning, in the phonological encoding process, which also occurs serially and from left to right. In the present paper, we sought to determine the locus of serial processing in reading aloud by testing the contrasting predictions that the dual-route and speech planning accounts make in relation to the MOPE and the PSE. The results from three experiments that used the MOPE and the PSE paradigms in English are inconsistent with the idea that these effects arise during speech planning, and consistent with the claim that a sublexical serially operating reading mechanism is involved in the print-to-sound translation. Simulations of the empirical data on the MOPE with the dual route cascaded (DRC) and connectionist dual process (CDP++) models, which are computational implementations of the dual-route theory of reading, provide further support for the dual-route account. (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ferm, R.L.

A process for treating petroleum product spills is described, whereby coconut husk material is spread on the spill to absorb it. When the spill is on fresh or salt water in the form of a slick, the coconut husk material coagulates the film, keeps it from sinking, and forms a mass which lends itself to easy removal from the water by mechanical pickup and the like. The petroleum product can be partially recovered from the coconut husk material by mechanical pressing. Substantially, a complete recovery of crude oil and residual fuel oil can be obtained by extraction with a hydrocarbonmore » solvent. Steam or hot water treatment also may be used to recover the crude oil from the soaked coconut husk material. (10 claims)« less

Attitudes towards evaluation of psychiatric disability claims: a survey of Swiss stakeholders.

PubMed

Schandelmaier, Stefan; Leibold, Andrea; Fischer, Katrin; Mager, Ralph; Hoffmann-Richter, Ulrike; Bachmann, Monica Susanne; Kedzia, Sarah; Busse, Jason Walter; Guyatt, Gordon Henry; Jeger, Joerg; Marelli, Renato; De Boer, Wout Ernst Lodewijk; Kunz, Regina

2015-01-01

In Switzerland, evaluation of work capacity in individuals with mental disorders has come under criticism. We surveyed stakeholders about their concerns and expectations of the current claim process. We conducted a nationwide online survey among five stakeholder groups. We asked 37 questions addressing the claim process and the evaluation of work capacity, the maximum acceptable disagreement in judgments on work capacity, and its documentation. Response rate among 704 stakeholders (95 plaintiff lawyers, 285 treating psychiatrists, 129 expert psychiatrists evaluating work capacity, 64 social judges, 131 insurers) varied between 71% and 29%. Of the lawyers, 92% were dissatisfied with the current claim process, as were psychiatrists (73%) and experts (64%), whereas the majority of judges (72%) and insurers (81%) were satisfied. Stakeholders agreed in their concerns, such as the lack of a transparent relationship between the experts' findings and their conclusions regarding work capacity, medical evaluations inappropriately addressing legal issues, and the experts' delay in finalising the report. Findings mirror the characteristics that stakeholders consider important for an optimal work capacity evaluation. For a scenario where two experts evaluate the same claimant, stakeholders considered an inter-rater difference of 10%‒20% in work capacity at maximum acceptable. Plaintiff lawyers, treating psychiatrists and experts perceive major problems in work capacity evaluation of psychiatric claims whereas judges and insurers see the process more positively. Efforts to improve the process should include clarifying the basis on which judgments are made, restricting judgments to areas of expertise, and ensuring prompt submission of evaluations.

43 CFR 3000.12 - What is the fee schedule for fixed fees?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Processing and Filing Fee Table Document/action FY 2014 fee Oil & Gas (parts 3100, 3110, 3120, 3130, 3150... 325 Lease or lease interest transfer 65 Leasing of Solid Minerals Other Than Coal and Oil Shale (parts... claims) 1,495 (10 or fewer claims) Adverse claim 105 Protest 65 Oil Shale Management (parts 3900, 3910...

43 CFR 3000.12 - What is the fee schedule for fixed fees?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Processing and Filing Fee Table Document/Action FY 2015 Fee Oil & Gas (parts 3100, 3110, 3120, 3130, 3150... Coal and Oil Shale (parts 3500, 3580) Applications other than those listed below 35. Prospecting permit... adjudication 3,035 (more than 10 claims). 1,520 (10 or fewer claims). Adverse claim 110. Protest 65. Oil Shale...

14 CFR 1261.308 - NASA officials authorized to act upon claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false NASA officials authorized to act upon... PROCESSING OF MONETARY CLAIMS (GENERAL) Claims Against NASA or Its Employees for Damage to or Loss of Property or Personal Injury or Death-Accruing On or After January 18, 1967 § 1261.308 NASA officials...

14 CFR § 1261.308 - NASA officials authorized to act upon claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false NASA officials authorized to act upon... ADMINISTRATION PROCESSING OF MONETARY CLAIMS (GENERAL) Claims Against NASA or Its Employees for Damage to or Loss of Property or Personal Injury or Death-Accruing On or After January 18, 1967 § 1261.308 NASA...

14 CFR 1261.308 - NASA officials authorized to act upon claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false NASA officials authorized to act upon... PROCESSING OF MONETARY CLAIMS (GENERAL) Claims Against NASA or Its Employees for Damage to or Loss of Property or Personal Injury or Death-Accruing On or After January 18, 1967 § 1261.308 NASA officials...

14 CFR 1261.308 - NASA officials authorized to act upon claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false NASA officials authorized to act upon... PROCESSING OF MONETARY CLAIMS (GENERAL) Claims Against NASA or Its Employees for Damage to or Loss of Property or Personal Injury or Death-Accruing On or After January 18, 1967 § 1261.308 NASA officials...

Claim audits: a relic of the indemnity age?

PubMed

Ellender, D E

1997-09-01

Traditional claim audits offering quick fixes to specific problems or to recover overpayments will not provide benefit managers with the data and action plan they need to make informed decisions about cost-effective benefit administration. Today's benefits environment calls for a comprehensive review of claim administration, incorporating traditional audit techniques into a quality improvement audit process.

Models of recognition: A review of arguments in favor of a dual-process account

PubMed Central

DIANA, RACHEL A.; REDER, LYNNE M.; ARNDT, JASON; PARK, HEEKYEONG

2008-01-01

The majority of computationally specified models of recognition memory have been based on a single-process interpretation, claiming that familiarity is the only influence on recognition. There is increasing evidence that recognition is, in fact, based on two processes: recollection and familiarity. This article reviews the current state of the evidence for dual-process models, including the usefulness of the remember/know paradigm, and interprets the relevant results in terms of the source of activation confusion (SAC) model of memory. We argue that the evidence from each of the areas we discuss, when combined, presents a strong case that inclusion of a recollection process is necessary. Given this conclusion, we also argue that the dual-process claim that the recollection process is always available is, in fact, more parsimonious than the single-process claim that the recollection process is used only in certain paradigms. The value of a well-specified process model such as the SAC model is discussed with regard to other types of dual-process models. PMID:16724763

Publication bias and the canonization of false facts

PubMed Central

Nissen, Silas Boye; Magidson, Tali; Gross, Kevin; Bergstrom, Carl T

2016-01-01

Science is facing a “replication crisis” in which many experimental findings cannot be replicated and are likely to be false. Does this imply that many scientific facts are false as well? To find out, we explore the process by which a claim becomes fact. We model the community’s confidence in a claim as a Markov process with successive published results shifting the degree of belief. Publication bias in favor of positive findings influences the distribution of published results. We find that unless a sufficient fraction of negative results are published, false claims frequently can become canonized as fact. Data-dredging, p-hacking, and similar behaviors exacerbate the problem. Should negative results become easier to publish as a claim approaches acceptance as a fact, however, true and false claims would be more readily distinguished. To the degree that the model reflects the real world, there may be serious concerns about the validity of purported facts in some disciplines. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.21451.001 PMID:27995896

Preserved processing of musical structure in a person with agrammatic aphasia.

PubMed

Slevc, L Robert; Faroqi-Shah, Yasmeen; Saxena, Sadhvi; Okada, Brooke M

2016-12-01

Evidence for shared processing of structure (or syntax) in language and in music conflicts with neuropsychological dissociations between the two. However, while harmonic structural processing can be impaired in patients with spared linguistic syntactic abilities (Peretz, I. (1993). Auditory atonalia for melodies. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 10, 21-56. doi:10.1080/02643299308253455), evidence for the opposite dissociation-preserved harmonic processing despite agrammatism-is largely lacking. Here, we report one such case: HV, a former musician with Broca's aphasia and agrammatic speech, was impaired in making linguistic, but not musical, acceptability judgments. Similarly, she showed no sensitivity to linguistic structure, but normal sensitivity to musical structure, in implicit priming tasks. To our knowledge, this is the first non-anecdotal report of a patient with agrammatic aphasia demonstrating preserved harmonic processing abilities, supporting claims that aspects of musical and linguistic structure rely on distinct neural mechanisms.

Talker-specific learning in amnesia: Insight into mechanisms of adaptive speech perception.

PubMed

Trude, Alison M; Duff, Melissa C; Brown-Schmidt, Sarah

2014-05-01

A hallmark of human speech perception is the ability to comprehend speech quickly and effortlessly despite enormous variability across talkers. However, current theories of speech perception do not make specific claims about the memory mechanisms involved in this process. To examine whether declarative memory is necessary for talker-specific learning, we tested the ability of amnesic patients with severe declarative memory deficits to learn and distinguish the accents of two unfamiliar talkers by monitoring their eye-gaze as they followed spoken instructions. Analyses of the time-course of eye fixations showed that amnesic patients rapidly learned to distinguish these accents and tailored perceptual processes to the voice of each talker. These results demonstrate that declarative memory is not necessary for this ability and points to the involvement of non-declarative memory mechanisms. These results are consistent with findings that other social and accommodative behaviors are preserved in amnesia and contribute to our understanding of the interactions of multiple memory systems in the use and understanding of spoken language. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

32 CFR 282.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROCEDURES FOR SETTLING PERSONNEL AND GENERAL CLAIMS AND PROCESSING ADVANCE DECISION REQUESTS § 282.3... to perform the function or take the action indicated or from whose activity a claim arose. (e) Final...

20 CFR 405.320 - Administrative law judge hearing procedures-general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... PROCESS FOR ADJUDICATING INITIAL DISABILITY CLAIMS Administrative Law Judge Hearing § 405.320... medical, psychological, or vocational expert in your claim, the Medical and Vocational Expert Unit (see...

20 CFR 405.320 - Administrative law judge hearing procedures-general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... PROCESS FOR ADJUDICATING INITIAL DISABILITY CLAIMS Administrative Law Judge Hearing § 405.320... medical, psychological, or vocational expert in your claim, the Medical and Vocational Expert Unit (see...

24 CFR 103.20 - Can someone help me with filing a claim?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Can someone help me with filing a... FAIR HOUSING FAIR HOUSING-COMPLAINT PROCESSING Complaints § 103.20 Can someone help me with filing a claim? HUD's Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity can help you in filing a claim, if you contact...

24 CFR 103.20 - Can someone help me with filing a claim?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Can someone help me with filing a... FAIR HOUSING FAIR HOUSING-COMPLAINT PROCESSING Complaints § 103.20 Can someone help me with filing a claim? HUD's Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity can help you in filing a claim, if you contact...

Naturally good: Front-of-package claims as message cues.

PubMed

Skubisz, Christine

2017-01-01

Excess bodyweight is a significant public health problem in the United States, increasing the risk of adverse health conditions including hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and cancer. Americans are consuming more calories than their bodies need each day and making purchasing decisions using heuristic cues, rather than caloric information. A recent trend in food and beverage labeling is the placement of a natural claim on a product's package. Unfortunately, the United States has not established clear requirements for natural claims and manufacturers are using this term liberally. Using models of information processing as a framework, the goal of this study was to predict the effects of natural claims on message processing and evaluations. It was predicted that natural claims would be perceived as heuristics for healthfulness. A 6 (product) x 2 (claim) experimental design was carried out. Support for the prediction that natural labeled products are evaluated as more healthful was found. Despite the fact that natural products contained the same number of calories as their regular counterparts, participants estimated that natural products contained 18% fewer calories. Implications of these findings for food labeling and public health are discussed. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Functional foods: health claim-food product compatibility and the impact of health claim framing on consumer evaluation.

PubMed

van Kleef, Ellen; van Trijp, Hans C M; Luning, Pieternel

2005-06-01

Two studies are reported, which aim to strengthen the scientific underpinning of strategic decisions regarding functional food development, as to (1) which health benefits to claim, (2) with which product (category), and (3) in which communication format. The first exploratory study is a secondary analysis of 10 different health claims systematically combined with 10 different food carriers to evaluate their combined suitability for functional food positioning. The results show that consumers tend to prefer functional food concepts that primarily communicate disease-related health benefits in carriers with a healthy image or health positioning history. Study 2 examines health claim format and systematically varies the way in which specific health benefits are being communicated to the consumer. Two physiologically oriented claims (heart disease and osteoporosis) and two psychologically oriented food claims (stress and lack of energy) are expressed in enhanced function format versus disease risk reduction format. Also, it includes the individual difference variable of 'regulatory focus' and the health status of the respondent to explore how these factors impact health claim evaluation. The results show that consumer evaluations primarily differ to the extent that health claims are personally relevant in addressing an experienced disease state. Framing is important, but its effect differs by health benefit. No strong effects for consumers' regulatory focus were found. Underlying mechanisms of these effects and their implications for the development of functional foods are discussed.

Was Babbage's Analytical Engine intended to be a mechanical model of the mind?

PubMed

Green, Christopher D

2005-02-01

In the 1830s, Charles Babbage worked on a mechanical computer he dubbed the Analytical Engine. Although some people around Babbage described his invention as though it had authentic mental powers, Babbage refrained from making such claims. He does not, however, seem to have discouraged those he worked with from mooting the idea publicly. This article investigates whether (1) the Analytical Engine was the focus of a covert research program into the mechanism of mentality; (2) Babbage opposed the idea that the Analytical Engine had mental powers but allowed his colleagues to speculate as they saw fit; or (3) Babbage believed such claims to be fanciful, but cleverly used the publicity they engendered to draw public and political attention to his project.

PASSCLAIM - Synthesis and review of existing processes.

PubMed

Richardson, David P; Affertsholt, Tage; Asp, Nils-Georg; Bruce, Ake; Grossklaus, Rolf; Howlett, John; Pannemans, Daphne; Ross, Richard; Verhagen, Hans; Viechtbauer, Volker

2003-03-01

Several approaches to the use of health claims on foods have been made around the world, and the common theme is that any health claim will require scientific validation and substantiation. There is also broad consensus that any regulatory framework should protect the consumer, promote fair trade and encourage innovation in the food industry.This paper is based on a critical evaluation of existing international approaches to the scientific substantiation of health claims, with a view to identifying common new ideas, definitions, best practice and a methodology to underpin current and future developments. There is a clear need to have uniform understanding, terminology and description of types of nutrition and health claims. Two broad categories were defined: Nutrition Claims, i. e. what the product contains, and Health Claims, i. e. relating to health, well-being and/or performance, including well-established nutrient function claims, enhanced function claims and disease risk reduction claims. Such health claims relate to what the food or food components does or do. The categories of health claims are closely and progressively related and are, in practice, part of a continuum. Provision is also made for "generic" or well-established, generally accepted claims and for "innovative" or "product-specific" claims. Special attention was paid to reflect the health-promoting properties of a food or food component in such a way as to facilitate the making of risk reduction claims outside the medical scope of the term prevention. The paper sets out basic principles and guidelines for communication of health claims and principles of nutritional safety. The main body of the work examines the process for the assessment of scientific support for health claims on food and emphasises an evidence-based approach consisting of: Identification of all relevant studies exploring the collection of evidence, data searches, the nature of the scientific evidence, sources of scientific data (including human intervention studies, human observational studies, animal studies and in vitro studies, and the use of biomarkers in human studies. Evaluation of the quality of individual studies to ensure good experimental design and interpretation. Interpretation of the totality of evidence to apply scientific judgement to interpret the weight of evidence as a whole. Assessment of significant scientific agreement on a case-by-case basis to agree within the relevant scientific community that an association between a food or a food component and a health benefit is valid. Annexes include an international comparison of regulatory approaches to health claims, suggestions for the documentation and presentation of evidence, and a procedure for reviewing the evidence.

Analysis of Closed Claims in the Clinical Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Japan

PubMed Central

Otaki, Yasuhiro; Ishida, Makiko DaSilva; Saito, Yuichi; Oyama, Yasuaki; Oiso, Giichiro; Moriyama, Mitsuru

2017-01-01

Background: Despite an increasing awareness of the risk of medical errors, few data sources are available to highlight the characteristics and patterns of medical errors in the clinical management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The present study aimed to evaluate medical malpractice claims associated with the management of RA and other autoimmune connective tissue diseases (ACTDs). Methods: We analyzed 38 ACTD-associated closed claims extracted from a total of 8530 claims processed between July 2004 and June 2014 by the Tokyo headquarters office of Sompo Japan Nipponkoa Incorporated, a leading malpractice insurer in Japan. Results: RA was the most common ACTD assessed in this study, accounting for 20 cases. Although the male-to-female ratio among these cases was 5:15, in accordance with the general demographic distribution of RA, the proportion of patients older than 60 years (77.8%) was relatively high as the general range of RA susceptibility is 30–50 years. The analysis of allegation types among RA cases revealed statistically significant differences from non-RA cases (Fisher's exact test) as well as the following key findings: diagnosis-related allegations were absent (P < 0.01), whereas medication-related allegations were distinctively common (P = 0.02). Clinical processes related to the assessment process were most vulnerable to breakdown and leading to negligence identified with subsequent medication-related allegations, particularly among RA cases. Conclusions: The characteristics of malpractice claims associated with RA management, including the high frequency of medication-related allegations, breakdowns in the assessment process, and high claim numbers among patients older than 60 years, suggest the importance of caution exercised by physicians when administering immunosuppressants for the clinical treatment of RA. PMID:28584209

Association Between the Decline in Workers’ Compensation Claims and Workforce Composition and Job Characteristics in Ontario, Canada

PubMed Central

Breslin, F. Curtis; Tompa, Emile; Mustard, Cameron; Zhao, Ryan; Smith, Peter; Hogg-Johnson, Sheilah

2007-01-01

We examined associations between workforce demographics and job characteristics, grouped by industrial sector, and declines in workers’ compensation claim rates in Ontario, Canada, between 1990 and 2003. Gender, age, occupation, and job tenure were predictors for claim rates in 12 industrial sectors. The decline in claims was significantly associated with a decline in the proportion of employment in occupations with high physical demands. These findings should generate interest in economic incentives and regulatory policies designed to encourage investment in safer production processes. PMID:17267716

Association between the decline in workers' compensation claims and workforce composition and job characteristics in Ontario, Canada.

PubMed

Breslin, F Curtis; Tompa, Emile; Mustard, Cameron; Zhao, Ryan; Smith, Peter; Hogg-Johnson, Sheilah

2007-03-01

We examined associations between workforce demographics and job characteristics, grouped by industrial sector, and declines in workers' compensation claim rates in Ontario, Canada, between 1990 and 2003. Gender, age, occupation, and job tenure were predictors for claim rates in 12 industrial sectors. The decline in claims was significantly associated with a decline in the proportion of employment in occupations with high physical demands. These findings should generate interest in economic incentives and regulatory policies designed to encourage investment in safer production processes.

Judgments of Risk Frequencies: Tests of Possible Cognitive Mechanisms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hertwig, Ralph; Pachur, Thorsten; Kurzenhauser, Stephanie

2005-01-01

How do people judge which of 2 risks claims more lives per year? The authors specified 4 candidate mechanisms and tested them against people's judgments in 3 risk environments. Two mechanisms, availability by recall and regressed frequency, conformed best to people's choices. The same mechanisms also accounted well for the mapping accuracy of…

Do two machine-learning based prognostic signatures for breast cancer capture the same biological processes?

PubMed

Drier, Yotam; Domany, Eytan

2011-03-14

The fact that there is very little if any overlap between the genes of different prognostic signatures for early-discovery breast cancer is well documented. The reasons for this apparent discrepancy have been explained by the limits of simple machine-learning identification and ranking techniques, and the biological relevance and meaning of the prognostic gene lists was questioned. Subsequently, proponents of the prognostic gene lists claimed that different lists do capture similar underlying biological processes and pathways. The present study places under scrutiny the validity of this claim, for two important gene lists that are at the focus of current large-scale validation efforts. We performed careful enrichment analysis, controlling the effects of multiple testing in a manner which takes into account the nested dependent structure of gene ontologies. In contradiction to several previous publications, we find that the only biological process or pathway for which statistically significant concordance can be claimed is cell proliferation, a process whose relevance and prognostic value was well known long before gene expression profiling. We found that the claims reported by others, of wider concordance between the biological processes captured by the two prognostic signatures studied, were found either to be lacking statistical rigor or were in fact based on addressing some other question.

The evolution of social and semantic networks in epistemic communities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Margolin, Drew Berkley

This study describes and tests a model of scientific inquiry as an evolving, organizational phenomenon. Arguments are derived from organizational ecology and evolutionary theory. The empirical subject of study is an epistemic community of scientists publishing on a research topic in physics: the string theoretic concept of "D-branes." The study uses evolutionary theory as a means of predicting change in the way members of the community choose concepts to communicate acceptable knowledge claims. It is argued that the pursuit of new knowledge is risky, because the reliability of a novel knowledge claim cannot be verified until after substantial resources have been invested. Using arguments from both philosophy of science and organizational ecology, it is suggested that scientists can mitigate and sensibly share the risks of knowledge discovery within the community by articulating their claims in legitimate forms, i.e., forms that are testable within and relevant to the community. Evidence from empirical studies of semantic usage suggests that the legitimacy of a knowledge claim is influenced by the characteristics of the concepts in which it is articulated. A model of conceptual retention, variation, and selection is then proposed for predicting the usage of concepts and conceptual co-occurrences in the future publications of the community, based on its past. Results substantially supported hypothesized retention and selection mechanisms. Future concept usage was predictable from previous concept usage, but was limited by conceptual carrying capacity as predicted by density dependence theory. Also as predicted, retention was stronger when the community showed a more cohesive social structure. Similarly, concepts that showed structural signatures of high testability and relevance were more likely to be selected after previous usage frequency was controlled for. By contrast, hypotheses for variation mechanisms were not supported. Surprisingly, concepts whose structural position suggested they would be easiest to discover through search processes were used less frequently, once previous usage frequency was controlled for. The study also makes a theoretical contribution by suggesting ways that evolutionary theory can be used to integrate findings from the study of science with insights from organizational communication. A variety of concrete directions for future studies of social and semantic network evolution are also proposed.

Brain reward circuitry beyond the mesolimbic dopamine system: a neurobiological theory.

PubMed

Ikemoto, Satoshi

2010-11-01

Reductionist attempts to dissect complex mechanisms into simpler elements are necessary, but not sufficient for understanding how biological properties like reward emerge out of neuronal activity. Recent studies on intracranial self-administration of neurochemicals (drugs) found that rats learn to self-administer various drugs into the mesolimbic dopamine structures-the posterior ventral tegmental area, medial shell nucleus accumbens and medial olfactory tubercle. In addition, studies found roles of non-dopaminergic mechanisms of the supramammillary, rostromedial tegmental and midbrain raphe nuclei in reward. To explain intracranial self-administration and related effects of various drug manipulations, I outlined a neurobiological theory claiming that there is an intrinsic central process that coordinates various selective functions (including perceptual, visceral, and reinforcement processes) into a global function of approach. Further, this coordinating process for approach arises from interactions between brain structures including those structures mentioned above and their closely linked regions: the medial prefrontal cortex, septal area, ventral pallidum, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, preoptic area, lateral hypothalamic areas, lateral habenula, periaqueductal gray, laterodorsal tegmental nucleus and parabrachical area. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

36 CFR 9.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... ore from a claim in the normal course of business of extraction for processing or marketing. It does... MANAGEMENT Mining and Mining Claims § 9.2 Definitions. The terms used in this part shall have the following...

Impact of the National Practitioner Data Bank on resolution of malpractice claims.

PubMed

Waters, Teresa M; Studdert, David M; Brennan, Troyen A; Thomas, Eric J; Almagor, Orit; Mancewicz, Martha; Budetti, Peter P

2003-01-01

Policymakers and commentators are concerned that the National Practitioner Data Bank (NPDB) has influenced malpractice litigation dynamics. This study examines whether the introduction of the NPDB changed the outcomes, process, and equity of malpractice litigation. Using pre- and post-NPDB analyses, we examine rates of unpaid claims, trials, resolution time, physician defense costs, and payments on claims with a low/high probability of negligence. We find that physicians and their insurers have been less likely to settle claims since introduction of the NPDB, especially for payments less than dollars 50,000. Because this disruption appears to have decreased the proportion of questionable claims receiving compensation, the NPDB actually may have increased overall tort system specificity.

Eric Davidson and deep time.

PubMed

Erwin, Douglas H

2017-10-13

Eric Davidson had a deep and abiding interest in the role developmental mechanisms played in generating evolutionary patterns documented in deep time, from the origin of the euechinoids to the processes responsible for the morphological architectures of major animal clades. Although not an evolutionary biologist, Davidson's interests long preceded the current excitement over comparative evolutionary developmental biology. Here I discuss three aspects at the intersection between his research and evolutionary patterns in deep time: First, understanding the mechanisms of body plan formation, particularly those associated with the early diversification of major metazoan clades. Second, a critique of early claims about ancestral metazoans based on the discoveries of highly conserved genes across bilaterian animals. Third, Davidson's own involvement in paleontology through a collaborative study of the fossil embryos from the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation in south China.

Effects of comparative claims in prescription drug direct-to-consumer advertising on consumer perceptions and recall.

PubMed

O'Donoghue, Amie C; Williams, Pamela A; Sullivan, Helen W; Boudewyns, Vanessa; Squire, Claudia; Willoughby, Jessica Fitts

2014-11-01

Although pharmaceutical companies cannot make comparative claims in direct-to-consumer (DTC) ads for prescription drugs without substantial evidence, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration permits some comparisons based on labeled attributes of the drug, such as dosing. Researchers have examined comparative advertising for packaged goods; however, scant research has examined comparative DTC advertising. We conducted two studies to determine if comparative claims in DTC ads influence consumers' perceptions and recall of drug information. In Experiment 1, participants with osteoarthritis (n=1934) viewed a fictitious print or video DTC ad that had no comparative claim or made an efficacy comparison to a named or unnamed competitor. Participants who viewed print (but not video) ads with named competitors had greater efficacy and lower risk perceptions than participants who viewed unnamed competitor and noncomparative ads. In Experiment 2, participants with high cholesterol or high body mass index (n=5317) viewed a fictitious print or video DTC ad that had no comparative claim or made a comparison to a named or unnamed competitor. We varied the type of comparison (of indication, dosing, or mechanism of action) and whether the comparison was accompanied by a visual depiction. Participants who viewed print and video ads with named competitors had greater efficacy perceptions than participants who viewed unnamed competitor and noncomparative ads. Unlike Experiment 1, named competitors in print ads resulted in higher risk perceptions than unnamed competitors. In video ads, participants who saw an indication comparison had greater benefit recall than participants who saw dosing or mechanism of action comparisons. In addition, visual depictions of the comparison decreased risk recall for video ads. Overall, the results suggest that comparative claims in DTC ads could mislead consumers about a drug's efficacy and risk; therefore, caution should be used when presenting comparative claims in DTC ads. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Resistive switching based on filaments in metal/PMMA/metal thin film devices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wolf, Christoph; Nau, Sebastian; Sax, Stefan; Busby, Yan; Pireaux, Jean-Jacques; List-Kratochvil, Emil J. W.

2015-12-01

The working mechanism of unipolar organic resistive switching thin-film devices is investigated. On the basis of a metal/poly(methyl methacrylate)/metal model system, direct spectroscopic evidence for filament formation is obtained by three-dimensional (3D) imaging with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. By means of alternative fabrication methods the claimed influence of metal implantation in the organic layer during fabrication is ruled out. Further, the stability of the resistive switches under oxygen and humidity is investigated leading to a deeper understanding of the processes governing the formation and rupture of filaments.

Perceiving the present: systematization of illusions or illusion of systematization?

PubMed

Briscoe, Robert E

2010-11-01

Mark Changizi et al. (2008) claim that it is possible systematically to organize more than 50 kinds of illusions in a 7 × 4 matrix of 28 classes. This systematization, they further maintain, can be explained by the operation of a single visual processing latency correction mechanism that they call "perceiving the present" (PTP). This brief report raises some concerns about the way a number of illusions are classified by the proposed systematization. It also poses two general problems-one empirical and one conceptual-for the PTP approach. Copyright © 2010 Cognitive Science Society, Inc.

Building social cognitive models of language change.

PubMed

Hruschka, Daniel J; Christiansen, Morten H; Blythe, Richard A; Croft, William; Heggarty, Paul; Mufwene, Salikoko S; Pierrehumbert, Janet B; Poplack, Shana

2009-11-01

Studies of language change have begun to contribute to answering several pressing questions in cognitive sciences, including the origins of human language capacity, the social construction of cognition and the mechanisms underlying culture change in general. Here, we describe recent advances within a new emerging framework for the study of language change, one that models such change as an evolutionary process among competing linguistic variants. We argue that a crucial and unifying element of this framework is the use of probabilistic, data-driven models both to infer change and to compare competing claims about social and cognitive influences on language change.

Comment on "Similarity between quantum mechanics and thermodynamics: Entropy, temperature, and Carnot cycle".

PubMed

González-Díaz, L A; Díaz-Solórzano, S

2015-05-01

In the paper by Abe and Okuyama [Phys. Rev. E 83, 021121 (2011)], the quantum Carnot cycle of a simple two-state model of a particle confined in a one-dimensional infinite potential well is discussed. It is claimed that the state at the beginning of the quantum Carnot cycle is pure. After that, it is apparently transmuted to a mixed state if Clausius equality is imposed. We prove that this statement is incorrect. In particular, we prove that the state at the beginning of the cycle is mixed due to the process of measuring energy.

Fermented functional foods based on probiotics and their biogenic metabolites.

PubMed

Stanton, Catherine; Ross, R Paul; Fitzgerald, Gerald F; Van Sinderen, Douwe

2005-04-01

The claimed health benefits of fermented functional foods are expressed either directly through the interaction of ingested live microorganisms, bacteria or yeast with the host (probiotic effect) or indirectly as a result of ingestion of microbial metabolites produced during the fermentation process (biogenic effect). Although still far from fully understood, several probiotic mechanisms of action have been proposed, including competitive exclusion, competition for nutrients and/or stimulation of an immune response. The biogenic properties of fermented functional foods result from the microbial production of bioactive metabolites such as certain vitamins, bioactive peptides, organic acids or fatty acids during fermentation.

Banning front-of-package food labels: first Amendment constraints on public health policy.

PubMed

Lytton, Timothy D

2011-06-01

In recent months, the FDA has begun a crackdown on misleading nutrition and health claims on the front of food packages by issuing warning letters to manufacturers and promising to develop stricter regulatory standards. Leading nutrition policy experts Marion Nestle and David Ludwig have called for an even tougher approach: a ban on all nutrition and health claims on the front of food packages. Nestle and Ludwig argue that most of these claims are scientifically unsound and misleading to consumers and that eliminating them would 'aid educational efforts to encourage the public to eat whole or minimally processed foods and to read the ingredients list on processed foods'. Nestle and Ludwig are right to raise concerns about consumer protection and public health when it comes to front-of-package food labels, but an outright ban on front-of-package nutrition and health claims would violate the First Amendment. As nutrition policy experts develop efforts to regulate front-of-package nutrition and health claims, they should be mindful of First Amendment constraints on government regulation of commercial speech.

An Analysis of the Number of Medical Malpractice Claims and Their Amounts

PubMed Central

Bonetti, Marco; Cirillo, Pasquale; Musile Tanzi, Paola; Trinchero, Elisabetta

2016-01-01

Starting from an extensive database, pooling 9 years of data from the top three insurance brokers in Italy, and containing 38125 reported claims due to alleged cases of medical malpractice, we use an inhomogeneous Poisson process to model the number of medical malpractice claims in Italy. The intensity of the process is allowed to vary over time, and it depends on a set of covariates, like the size of the hospital, the medical department and the complexity of the medical operations performed. We choose the combination medical department by hospital as the unit of analysis. Together with the number of claims, we also model the associated amounts paid by insurance companies, using a two-stage regression model. In particular, we use logistic regression for the probability that a claim is closed with a zero payment, whereas, conditionally on the fact that an amount is strictly positive, we make use of lognormal regression to model it as a function of several covariates. The model produces estimates and forecasts that are relevant to both insurance companies and hospitals, for quality assurance, service improvement and cost reduction. PMID:27077661

Medical professional liability risk among US cardiologists.

PubMed

Mangalmurti, Sandeep; Seabury, Seth A; Chandra, Amitabh; Lakdawalla, Darius; Oetgen, William J; Jena, Anupam B

2014-05-01

Medical professional liability (MPL) remains a significant burden for physicians, in general, and cardiologists, in particular, as recent research has shown that average MPL defense costs are higher in cardiology than other specialties. Knowledge of the clinical characteristics and outcomes of lawsuits against cardiologists may improve quality of care and risk management. We analyzed closed MPL claims of 40,916 physicians and 781 cardiologists insured by a large nationwide insurer for ≥1 policy year between 1991 and 2005. The annual percentage of cardiologists facing an MPL claim was 8.6%, compared with 7.4% among physicians overall (P < .01). Among 530 claims, 72 (13.6%) resulted in an indemnity payment, with a median size of $164,988. Mean defense costs for claims resulting in payment were $83,593 (standard deviation (s.d.) $72,901). The time required to close MPL claims was longer for claims with indemnity payment than claims without (29.6 versus 18.9 months; P < .001). More than half of all claims involved a patient's death (304; 57.4%), were based on inpatient care (379; 71.5%), or involved a primary cardiovascular condition (416; 78.4%). Acute coronary syndrome was the most frequent condition (234; 44.2%). Medical professional liability claims involving noncardiovascular conditions were common (66; 12.5%) and included falls or mechanical injuries had while under a cardiologist's care and a failure to diagnose cancer. Rates of malpractice lawsuits are higher among cardiologists than physicians overall. A substantial portion of claims are noncardiovascular in nature. Copyright © 2014 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

The what-where trade-off in multiple-identity tracking.

PubMed

Cohen, Michael A; Pinto, Yair; Howe, Piers D L; Horowitz, Todd S

2011-07-01

Observers are poor at reporting the identities of objects that they have successfully tracked (Pylyshyn, Visual Cognition, 11, 801-822, 2004; Scholl & Pylyshyn, Cognitive Psychology, 38, 259-290, 1999). Consequently, it has been claimed that objects are tracked in a manner that does not encode their identities (Pylyshyn, 2004). Here, we present evidence that disputes this claim. In a series of experiments, we show that attempting to track the identities of objects can decrease an observer's ability to track the objects' locations. This indicates that the mechanisms that track, respectively, the locations and identities of objects draw upon a common resource. Furthermore, we show that this common resource can be voluntarily distributed between the two mechanisms. This is clear evidence that the location- and identity-tracking mechanisms are not entirely dissociable.

Monitoring Tensile Fatigue of Superelastic NiTi Wire in Liquids by Electrochemical Potential

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Racek, Jan; Stora, Marc; Šittner, Petr; Heller, Luděk; Kopeček, Jaromir; Petrenec, Martin

2015-06-01

Fatigue of superelastic NiTi wires was investigated by cyclic tension in simulated biofluid. The state of the surface of the fatigued NiTi wire was monitored by following the evolution of the electrochemical open circuit potential (OCP) together with macroscopic stresses and strains. The ceramic TiO2 oxide layer on the NiTi wire surface cannot withstand the large transformation strain and fractures in the first cycle. Based on the analysis of the results of in situ OCP experiments and SEM observation of cracks, it is claimed that the cycled wire surface develops mechanochemical reactions at the NiTi/liquid interface leading to cumulative generation of hydrogen, uptake of the hydrogen by the NiTi matrix, local loss of the matrix strength, crack transfer into the NiTi matrix, accelerated crack growth, and ultimately to the brittle fracture of the wire. Fatigue degradation is thus claimed to originate from the mechanochemical processes occurring at the excessively deforming surface not from the accumulation of defects due to energy dissipative bulk deformation processes. Ironically, combination of the two exciting properties of NiTi—superelasticity due to martensitic transformation and biocompatibility due to the protective TiO2 surface oxide layer—leads to excessive fatigue damage during cyclic mechanical loading in biofluids.

Regulatory issues for computerized electrocardiographic devices.

PubMed

Muni, Neal I; Ho, Charles; Mallis, Elias

2004-01-01

Computerized electrocardiogram (ECG) devices are regulated in the U.S. by the FDA Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH). This article aims to highlight the salient points of the FDA regulatory review process, including the important distinction between a "tool" claim and a "clinical" claim in the intended use of a computerized ECG device. Specifically, a tool claim relates to the ability of the device to accurately measure a certain ECG parameter, such as T-wave alternans (TWA), while a clinical claim imputes a particular health hazard associated with the identified parameter, such as increased risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmia or sudden death. Given that both types of claims are equally important and receive the same regulatory scrutiny, the manufacturer of a new ECG diagnostic device should consider the distinction and regulatory pathways for approval between the two types of claims discussed in this paper.

Army Blast Claims Evaluation Procedures

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-03-01

ARMY RESEARCH LABORATORY ARL-MR-131 Army Blast Claims Evaluation Procedures William P. Wright APPROVED FOR PUBUC RELEASE; DISTRIBtmON IS...NUMBERS Anny Blast Claims Evaluation Procedures 4G061-304-U2 6. AUTHOR(S) William P. Wrisht 1. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8...of the technical review process which bas been instituted to develop an opinion as to Army responsibility. 14. SUBJECT TERMS blast effects. muzzle

20 CFR 30.301 - May subpoenas be issued for witnesses and documents in connection with a claim under Part B of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... adjudication of a claim under Part B of EEOICPA, an OWCP district office and/or a FAB reviewer may, at their... a FAB reviewer. No subpoenas will be issued at the request of the claimant under any other portion of the claims process. The decision to grant or deny such request is within the discretion of the FAB...

Evaluating the effectiveness of a logger safety training program.

PubMed

Bell, Jennifer L; Grushecky, Shawn T

2006-01-01

Logger safety training programs are rarely, if ever, evaluated as to their effectiveness in reducing injuries. Workers' compensation claim rates were used to evaluate the effectiveness of a logger safety training program, the West Virginia Loggers' Safety Initiative (LSI). There was no claim rate decline detected in the majority (67%) of companies that participated in all 4 years of the LSI. Furthermore, their rate did not differ from the rest of the WV logging industry that did not participate in the LSI. Worker turnover was significantly related to claim rates; companies with higher turnover of employees had higher claim rates. Companies using feller bunchers to harvest trees at least part of the time had a significantly lower claim rate than companies not using them. Companies that had more inspections per year had lower claim rates. High injury rates persist even in companies that receive safety training; high employee turnover may affect the efficacy of training programs. The logging industry should be encouraged to facilitate the mechanization of logging tasks, to address barriers to employee retention, and to increase the number of in-the-field performance monitoring inspections. Impact on industry There are many states whose logger safety programs include only about 4-8 hours of safe work practices training. These states may look to West Virginia's expanded training program (the LSI) as a model for their own programs. However, the LSI training may not be reaching loggers due to the delay in administering training to new employees and high levels of employee turnover. Regardless of training status, loggers' claim rates decline significantly the longer they work for a company. It may be that high injury rates in the state of West Virginia would be best addressed by finding ways to encourage and facilitate companies to become more mechanized in their harvesting practices, and to increase employee tenure. Increasing the number of yearly performance inspections may also be a venue to reduce claim rates. Future research could investigate in better detail the working conditions of West Virginia loggers and identify barriers to job tenure, particularly for workers whose primary job task is chainsaw operation. A larger-scale study of the effect of performance monitoring inspections on claim rates is also warranted.

7 CFR 1924.266 - Purposes for which claims may be approved.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Law 103-354 debt; and (D) Process an application for a new RH loan if the borrower so desires and is... the defect. (5) Treatment for physical or psychological damages including medical and dental claims...

20 CFR 30.12 - What process is used by a person who wants to obtain copies of or amend EEOICPA claim records?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... WORKERS' COMPENSATION PROGRAMS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR ENERGY EMPLOYEES OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS COMPENSATION PROGRAM ACT OF 2000 CLAIMS FOR COMPENSATION UNDER THE ENERGY EMPLOYEES OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS COMPENSATION...

20 CFR 30.12 - What process is used by a person who wants to obtain copies of or amend EEOICPA claim records?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... WORKERS' COMPENSATION PROGRAMS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR ENERGY EMPLOYEES OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS COMPENSATION PROGRAM ACT OF 2000 CLAIMS FOR COMPENSATION UNDER THE ENERGY EMPLOYEES OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS COMPENSATION...

20 CFR 30.12 - What process is used by a person who wants to obtain copies of or amend EEOICPA claim records?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... WORKERS' COMPENSATION PROGRAMS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR ENERGY EMPLOYEES OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS COMPENSATION PROGRAM ACT OF 2000 CLAIMS FOR COMPENSATION UNDER THE ENERGY EMPLOYEES OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS COMPENSATION...

20 CFR 30.12 - What process is used by a person who wants to obtain copies of or amend EEOICPA claim records?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... WORKERS' COMPENSATION PROGRAMS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR ENERGY EMPLOYEES OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS COMPENSATION PROGRAM ACT OF 2000 CLAIMS FOR COMPENSATION UNDER THE ENERGY EMPLOYEES OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS COMPENSATION...

Is Schizophrenia a Disorder of Consciousness? Experimental and Phenomenological Support for Anomalous Unconscious Processing

PubMed Central

Giersch, Anne; Mishara, Aaron L.

2017-01-01

Decades ago, several authors have proposed that disorders in automatic processing lead to intrusive symptoms or abnormal contents in the consciousness of people with schizophrenia. However, since then, studies have mainly highlighted difficulties in patients’ conscious experiencing and processing but rarely explored how unconscious and conscious mechanisms may interact in producing this experience. We report three lines of research, focusing on the processing of spatial frequencies, unpleasant information, and time-event structure that suggest that impairments occur at both the unconscious and conscious level. We argue that focusing on unconscious, physiological and automatic processing of information in patients, while contrasting that processing with conscious processing, is a first required step before understanding how distortions or other impairments emerge at the conscious level. We then indicate that the phenomenological tradition of psychiatry supports a similar claim and provides a theoretical framework helping to understand the relationship between the impairments and clinical symptoms. We base our argument on the presence of disorders in the minimal self in patients with schizophrenia. The minimal self is tacit and non-verbal and refers to the sense of bodily presence. We argue this sense is shaped by unconscious processes, whose alteration may thus affect the feeling of being a unique individual. This justifies a focus on unconscious mechanisms and a distinction from those associated with consciousness. PMID:29033868

[Health and nutrition claims made on food: what future?].

PubMed

Laplace, Jean-Paul

2006-11-01

The number of foods bearing health and nutrition claims is growing in line with consumers' expectations. This market offers attractive prospects of profit for industry and commerce. The question is whether such foods really have health effects, and whether the general population or specific groups really benefit from their use. Specific regulations are needed to define the conditions of validation, communication and follow-up of such claims. The European Community's internal market is currently governed by a fragmented set of regulations and enforcement systems. Member states' national regulations differ in substance and application. For these reasons, the European Commission is seeking to create and adopt a common regulation. The following article considers the main stakes relating to consumers' health expectations, public health, and industrial and commercial interests, together with the origins of the concept of "functional foods". In contrast to the 'product based' approach in other cultures (Japan, North America, etc.), Europe has chosen a 'science based' approach focusing on physiological functions. In particular, Europe funded the FUFOSE program (Functional Food Science in Europe) coordinated by ILSI (International Life Science Institute). The bases of true functional food science are considered--how to identify beneficial interactions between food components and specific body functions, and to understand the underlying mechanisms in order to construct hypotheses for testing on volunteers. A methodology based on biological markers has been developed Europe then funded the PASSCLAIM program (Process for the assessment of scientific support for claims on foods) aimed at identifying relationships between a functional effect (normal or enhanced function) and a health benefit or a reduced risk of disease. Selected aspects of these 10-year programs illustrate the scientific bases for a European regulation of nutrition claims and so-called health claims (improved function and reduced risk of disease). The main points of the proposal are summarized The most important questions are the need for prior authorization of health claims, and the possible banning of any claim on some foods, due to their bad "nutritional profile". This implies that such claims will have to be firmly grounded in science. However, these restraints were contested by the European Parliament, which preferred a simple notification procedure and suppressed the reference to "nutritional profiling" for identifying good and bad foods. These recent political episodes reflect the lobbying aimed at preserving innovation and development, mainly by small companies that are unable to support the cost of heavy research files. In addition, there is no scientific agreement on how to determine the nutritional profile of a given food. However, the Council of Europe restored the initial text, which will again be examined by the European Parliament in the coming months. The author emphasizes the fine line that must be drawn between scientific accuracy and regulatory rigidity when validating nutrition claims, which consumers are only too willing to accept at face value.

Efficient and Security Enhanced Anonymous Authentication with Key Agreement Scheme in Wireless Sensor Networks

PubMed Central

Jung, Jaewook; Moon, Jongho; Lee, Donghoon; Won, Dongho

2017-01-01

At present, users can utilize an authenticated key agreement protocol in a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) to securely obtain desired information, and numerous studies have investigated authentication techniques to construct efficient, robust WSNs. Chang et al. recently presented an authenticated key agreement mechanism for WSNs and claimed that their authentication mechanism can both prevent various types of attacks, as well as preserve security properties. However, we have discovered that Chang et al’s method possesses some security weaknesses. First, their mechanism cannot guarantee protection against a password guessing attack, user impersonation attack or session key compromise. Second, the mechanism results in a high load on the gateway node because the gateway node should always maintain the verifier tables. Third, there is no session key verification process in the authentication phase. To this end, we describe how the previously-stated weaknesses occur and propose a security-enhanced version for WSNs. We present a detailed analysis of the security and performance of our authenticated key agreement mechanism, which not only enhances security compared to that of related schemes, but also takes efficiency into consideration. PMID:28335572

Efficient and Security Enhanced Anonymous Authentication with Key Agreement Scheme in Wireless Sensor Networks.

PubMed

Jung, Jaewook; Moon, Jongho; Lee, Donghoon; Won, Dongho

2017-03-21

At present, users can utilize an authenticated key agreement protocol in a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) to securely obtain desired information, and numerous studies have investigated authentication techniques to construct efficient, robust WSNs. Chang et al. recently presented an authenticated key agreement mechanism for WSNs and claimed that their authentication mechanism can both prevent various types of attacks, as well as preserve security properties. However, we have discovered that Chang et al's method possesses some security weaknesses. First, their mechanism cannot guarantee protection against a password guessing attack, user impersonation attack or session key compromise. Second, the mechanism results in a high load on the gateway node because the gateway node should always maintain the verifier tables. Third, there is no session key verification process in the authentication phase. To this end, we describe how the previously-stated weaknesses occur and propose a security-enhanced version for WSNs. We present a detailed analysis of the security and performance of our authenticated key agreement mechanism, which not only enhances security compared to that of related schemes, but also takes efficiency into consideration.

Where is the trust in the peer review dynamic?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ucko, Daniel

The motto of the Royal Society is ``nullius in verba'', which translates roughly as ``take nobody's word for it'', and this motto is furthermore emblematic of the conduct of science. We want facts and not opinions, verified results and not conjecture. From the time that we first started communicating scientific results, it has been recognized that scientific claims must be verified by someone who is not the maker of those claims, and who furthermore has no stake in the matter, in other words, a claim needs to be evaluated objectively. Peer review as a method of evaluation can be thought of as akin to an experiment, where the review process tests the hypothesis of a submitted paper. Peer review is however also a social process with human actors: authors, referees, and editors. As a process, peer review depends on trust, but in what way does that manifest? There are many agents in peer review: in addition to the human actors, there is also the institution that is the journal, as well as the publisher (e.g. APS) that stands behind the journal. People can also have trust in the very concept of peer review. If we accept as a proposition that publications are witnesses to science in the same way that people who attend scientific demonstrations are witnesses of an experiment, then how much do we trust this witness? A few further questions arise: If referees (and sometimes authors) are anonymous, what does this do to the mechanisms of trust? Is trust only possible between human agents, or can you trust a process or a journal in a similar way to trusting a certain car brand? Is an absence of trust the same as distrust? Is trust rational, or cognitive, or is it a practice? In this paper I will attempt to locate the trust and ask how trust is earned, and, conversely, how it can be lost, using peer review as example. I have a joint affiliation with Stony Brook University and APS and would like both listed, in that order, in the abstract.

Thermal conductivity in Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3+x and the role of dense dislocation arrays at grain boundaries.

PubMed

Deng, Rigui; Su, Xianli; Zheng, Zheng; Liu, Wei; Yan, Yonggao; Zhang, Qingjie; Dravid, Vinayak P; Uher, Ctirad; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G; Tang, Xinfeng

2018-06-01

Several prominent mechanisms for reduction in thermal conductivity have been shown in recent years to improve the figure of merit for thermoelectric materials. Such a mechanism is a hierarchical all-length-scale architecturing that recognizes the role of all microstructure elements, from atomic to nano to microscales, in reducing (lattice) thermal conductivity. In this context, there have been recent claims of remarkably low (lattice) thermal conductivity in Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 that are attributed to seemingly ordinary grain boundary dislocation networks. These high densities of dislocation networks in Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 were generated via unconventional materials processing with excess Te (which formed liquid phase, thereby facilitating sintering), followed by spark plasma sintering under pressure to squeeze out the liquid. We reproduced a practically identical microstructure, following practically identical processing strategies, but with noticeably different (higher) thermal conductivity than that claimed before. We show that the resultant microstructure is anisotropic, with notable difference of thermal and charge transport properties across and along two orthonormal directions, analogous to anisotropic crystals. Thus, we believe that grain boundary dislocation networks are not the primary cause of enhanced ZT through reduction in thermal conductivity. Instead, we can reproduce the purported high ZT through a favorable but impractical and incorrect combination of thermal conductivity measured along the pressing direction of anisotropy while charge transport measured in the direction perpendicular to the anisotropic direction. We believe that our work underscores the need for consistency in charge and thermal transport measurements for unified and verifiable measurements of thermoelectric (and related) properties and phenomena.

Learning from malpractice claims about negligent, adverse events in primary care in the United States

PubMed Central

Phillips, R; Bartholomew, L; Dovey, S; Fryer, G; Miyoshi, T; Green, L

2004-01-01

Background: The epidemiology, risks, and outcomes of errors in primary care are poorly understood. Malpractice claims brought for negligent adverse events offer a useful insight into errors in primary care. Methods: Physician Insurers Association of America malpractice claims data (1985–2000) were analyzed for proportions of negligent claims by primary care specialty, setting, severity, health condition, and attributed cause. We also calculated risks of a claim for condition-specific negligent events relative to the prevalence of those conditions in primary care. Results: Of 49 345 primary care claims, 26 126 (53%) were peer reviewed and 5921 (23%) were assessed as negligent; 68% of claims were for negligent events in outpatient settings. No single condition accounted for more than 5% of all negligent claims, but the underlying causes were more clustered with "diagnosis error" making up one third of claims. The ratios of condition-specific negligent event claims relative to the frequency of those conditions in primary care revealed a significantly disproportionate risk for a number of conditions (for example, appendicitis was 25 times more likely to generate a claim for negligence than breast cancer). Conclusions: Claims data identify conditions and processes where primary health care in the United States is prone to go awry. The burden of severe outcomes and death from malpractice claims made against primary care physicians was greater in primary care outpatient settings than in hospitals. Although these data enhance information about error related negligent events in primary care, particularly when combined with other primary care data, there are many operating limitations. PMID:15069219

Small numbers are sensed directly, high numbers constructed from size and density.

PubMed

Zimmermann, Eckart

2018-04-01

Two theories compete to explain how we estimate the numerosity of visual object sets. The first suggests that the apparent numerosity is derived from an analysis of more low-level features like size and density of the set. The second theory suggests that numbers are sensed directly. Consistent with the latter claim is the existence of neurons in parietal cortex which are specialized for processing the numerosity of elements in the visual scene. However, recent evidence suggests that only low numbers can be sensed directly whereas the perception of high numbers is supported by the analysis of low-level features. Processing of low and high numbers, being located at different levels of the neural hierarchy should involve different receptive field sizes. Here, I tested this idea with visual adaptation. I measured the spatial spread of number adaptation for low and high numerosities. A focused adaptation spread of high numerosities suggested the involvement of early neural levels where receptive fields are comparably small and the broad spread for low numerosities was consistent with processing of number neurons which have larger receptive fields. These results provide evidence for the claim that different mechanism exist generating the perception of visual numerosity. Whereas low numbers are sensed directly as a primary visual attribute, the estimation of high numbers however likely depends on the area size over which the objects are spread. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of a complex, population-based injury claims management intervention for improving injury outcomes: study protocol

PubMed Central

Collie, Alex; Gabbe, Belinda; Fitzharris, Michael

2015-01-01

Introduction Injuries resulting from road traffic crashes are a substantial cause of disability and death worldwide. Injured persons receiving compensation have poorer recovery and return to work than those with non-compensable injury. Case or claims management is a critical component of injury compensation systems, and there is now evidence that claims management can have powerful positive impacts on recovery, but can also impede recovery or exacerbate mental health concerns in some injured people. This study seeks to evaluate the impact of a population-based injury claims management intervention in the State of Victoria, Australia, on the health of those injured in motor vehicle crashes, their experience of the compensation process, and the financial viability of the compensation system. Methods and analysis Evaluation of this complex intervention involves a series of linked but stand-alone research projects to assess the anticipated process changes, impacts and outcomes of the intervention over a 5-year time frame. Linkage and analysis of routine administrative and health system data is supplemented with a series of primary studies collecting new information. Additionally, a series of ‘action’ research projects will be undertaken to inform the implementation of the intervention. A program logic model designed by the state government Transport Accident Commission in conjunction with the research team provides the evaluation framework. Ethics and dissemination Relatively few studies have comprehensively examined the impact of compensation system processes on the health of injured persons, their satisfaction with systems processes, and impacts on the financial performance of the compensation scheme itself. The wholesale, population-based transformation of an injury claims management model is a rare opportunity to document impacts of system-level policy change on outcomes of injured persons. Findings will contribute to the evidence base of information on the public health effects of injury claims management policy and practice. PMID:25967991

Evaluation of a complex, population-based injury claims management intervention for improving injury outcomes: study protocol.

PubMed

Collie, Alex; Gabbe, Belinda; Fitzharris, Michael

2015-05-12

Injuries resulting from road traffic crashes are a substantial cause of disability and death worldwide. Injured persons receiving compensation have poorer recovery and return to work than those with non-compensable injury. Case or claims management is a critical component of injury compensation systems, and there is now evidence that claims management can have powerful positive impacts on recovery, but can also impede recovery or exacerbate mental health concerns in some injured people. This study seeks to evaluate the impact of a population-based injury claims management intervention in the State of Victoria, Australia, on the health of those injured in motor vehicle crashes, their experience of the compensation process, and the financial viability of the compensation system. Evaluation of this complex intervention involves a series of linked but stand-alone research projects to assess the anticipated process changes, impacts and outcomes of the intervention over a 5-year time frame. Linkage and analysis of routine administrative and health system data is supplemented with a series of primary studies collecting new information. Additionally, a series of 'action' research projects will be undertaken to inform the implementation of the intervention. A program logic model designed by the state government Transport Accident Commission in conjunction with the research team provides the evaluation framework. Relatively few studies have comprehensively examined the impact of compensation system processes on the health of injured persons, their satisfaction with systems processes, and impacts on the financial performance of the compensation scheme itself. The wholesale, population-based transformation of an injury claims management model is a rare opportunity to document impacts of system-level policy change on outcomes of injured persons. Findings will contribute to the evidence base of information on the public health effects of injury claims management policy and practice. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

Scientific Evaluation and Review of Claims in Health Care (SEaRCH): A Streamlined, Systematic, Phased Approach for Determining "What Works" in Healthcare.

PubMed

Jonas, Wayne B; Crawford, Cindy; Hilton, Lara; Elfenbaum, Pamela

2017-01-01

Answering the question of "what works" in healthcare can be complex and requires the careful design and sequential application of systematic methodologies. Over the last decade, the Samueli Institute has, along with multiple partners, developed a streamlined, systematic, phased approach to this process called the Scientific Evaluation and Review of Claims in Health Care (SEaRCH™). The SEaRCH process provides an approach for rigorously, efficiently, and transparently making evidence-based decisions about healthcare claims in research and practice with minimal bias. SEaRCH uses three methods combined in a coordinated fashion to help determine what works in healthcare. The first, the Claims Assessment Profile (CAP), seeks to clarify the healthcare claim and question, and its ability to be evaluated in the context of its delivery. The second method, the Rapid Evidence Assessment of the Literature (REAL © ), is a streamlined, systematic review process conducted to determine the quantity, quality, and strength of evidence and risk/benefit for the treatment. The third method involves the structured use of expert panels (EPs). There are several types of EPs, depending on the purpose and need. Together, these three methods-CAP, REAL, and EP-can be integrated into a strategic approach to help answer the question "what works in healthcare?" and what it means in a comprehensive way. SEaRCH is a systematic, rigorous approach for evaluating healthcare claims of therapies, practices, programs, or products in an efficient and stepwise fashion. It provides an iterative, protocol-driven process that is customized to the intervention, consumer, and context. Multiple communities, including those involved in health service and policy, can benefit from this organized framework, assuring that evidence-based principles determine which healthcare practices with the greatest promise are used for improving the public's health and wellness.

Direct reciprocity in animals: The roles of bonding and affective processes.

PubMed

Freidin, Esteban; Carballo, Fabricio; Bentosela, Mariana

2017-04-01

The presence of direct reciprocity in animals is a debated topic, because, despite its evolutionary plausibility, it is believed to be uncommon. Some authors claim that stable reciprocal exchanges require sophisticated cognition which has acted as a constraint on its evolution across species. In contrast, a more recent trend of research has focused on the possibility that direct reciprocity occurs within long-term bonds and relies on simple as well as more complex affective mechanisms such as emotional book-keeping, rudimentary and higher forms of empathy, and inequity aversion, among others. First, we present evidence supporting the occurrence of long-term reciprocity in the context of existing bonds in social birds and mammals. Second, we discuss the evidence for affective responses which, modulated by bonding, may underlie altruistic behaviours in different species. We conclude that the mechanisms that may underlie reciprocal exchanges are diverse, and that some act in interaction with bonding processes. From simple associative learning in social contexts, through emotional contagion and behavioural mimicry, to empathy and a sense of fairness, widespread and diverse social affective mechanisms may explain why direct reciprocity may not be a rare phenomenon among social vertebrates. © 2015 International Union of Psychological Science.

Search asymmetries: parallel processing of uncertain sensory information.

PubMed

Vincent, Benjamin T

2011-08-01

What is the mechanism underlying search phenomena such as search asymmetry? Two-stage models such as Feature Integration Theory and Guided Search propose parallel pre-attentive processing followed by serial post-attentive processing. They claim search asymmetry effects are indicative of finding pairs of features, one processed in parallel, the other in serial. An alternative proposal is that a 1-stage parallel process is responsible, and search asymmetries occur when one stimulus has greater internal uncertainty associated with it than another. While the latter account is simpler, only a few studies have set out to empirically test its quantitative predictions, and many researchers still subscribe to the 2-stage account. This paper examines three separate parallel models (Bayesian optimal observer, max rule, and a heuristic decision rule). All three parallel models can account for search asymmetry effects and I conclude that either people can optimally utilise the uncertain sensory data available to them, or are able to select heuristic decision rules which approximate optimal performance. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Dynamin's helical geometry does not destabilize membranes during fission.

PubMed

McDargh, Zachary A; Deserno, Markus

2018-05-01

It is now widely accepted that dynamin-mediated fission is a fundamentally mechanical process: dynamin undergoes a GTP-dependent conformational change, constricting the neck between two compartments, somehow inducing their fission. However, the exact connection between dynamin's conformational change and the scission of the neck is still unclear. In this paper, we re-evaluate the suggestion that a change in the pitch or radius of dynamin's helical geometry drives the lipid bilayer through a mechanical instability, similar to a well-known phenomenon occurring in soap films. We find that, contrary to previous claims, there is no such instability. This lends credence to an alternative model, in which dynamin drives the membrane up an energy barrier, allowing thermal fluctuations to take it into the hemifission state. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Quantum Nonlocality: Not Eliminated by the Heisenberg Picture

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kastner, Ruth E.

2011-07-01

It is argued that the Heisenberg picture of standard quantum mechanics does not save Einstein locality as claimed in Deutsch and Hayden (Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 456, 1759-1774, 2000). In particular, the EPR-type correlations that the authors obtain by comparing two qubits in a local manner are shown to exist before that comparison. In view of this result, the local comparison argument would appear to be ineffective in supporting their locality claim.

Retention for Stoploss reinsurance to minimize VaR in compound Poisson-Lognormal distribution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Soleh, Achmad Zanbar; Noviyanti, Lienda; Nurrahmawati, Irma

2015-12-01

Automobile insurance is one of the emerging general insurance's product in Indonesia. Fluctuation in total premium revenues and total claim expenses leads to a risk that insurance company can not be able to pay consumer's claims, thus reinsurance is needeed. Reinsurance is a risk transfer mechanism from the insurance company to another company called reinsurer, one of the reinsurance type is Stoploss. Because reinsurer charges premium to the insurance company, it is important to determine the retention or the total claims to be retain solely by the insurance company. Thus, retention is determined using Value at Risk (VaR) which minimize the total risk of the insurance company in the presence of Stoploss reinsurance. Retention depends only on the distribution of total claims and reinsurance loading factor. We use the compound Poisson distribution and the Log-Normal Distribution to illustrate the retention value in a collective risk model.

New Evidence against Chromium as an Essential Trace Element.

PubMed

Vincent, John B

2017-12-01

Nearly 60 y ago, chromium, as the trivalent ion, was proposed to be an essential element, but the results of new studies indicate that chromium currently can only be considered pharmacologically active and not an essential element. Regardless, articles still continue to appear in the literature claiming chromium is an essential element. Chromium has been marketed as an agent to reduce body mass and develop muscle; however, such marketing claims are no longer allowed in the United States because these claims, similar to claims of essential status, are not supported by experiments. Trivalent chromium has also been proposed as a therapeutic agent to increase insulin sensitivity and affect lipid metabolism. Although effective in certain rodent models, beneficial effects in humans have not been unequivocally established. Molecular mechanisms have been proposed for the beneficial effects but have not been definitively shown to occur in animals. © 2017 American Society for Nutrition.

Does a global budget superimposed on fee-for-service payments mitigate hospitals' medical claims in Taiwan?

PubMed

Hsu, Pi-Fem

2014-12-01

Taiwan's global budgeting for hospital health care, in comparison to other countries, assigns a regional budget cap for hospitals' medical benefits claimed on the basis of fee-for-service (FFS) payments. This study uses a stays-hospitals-years database comprising acute myocardial infarction inpatients to examine whether the reimbursement policy mitigates the medical benefits claimed to a third-payer party during 2000-2008. The estimated results of a nested random-effects model showed that hospitals attempted to increase their medical benefit claims under the influence of initial implementation of global budgeting. The magnitudes of hospitals' responses to global budgeting were significantly attributed to hospital ownership, accreditation status, and market competitiveness of a region. The results imply that the regional budget cap superimposed on FFS payments provides only blunt incentive to the hospitals to cooperate to contain medical resource utilization, unless a monitoring mechanism attached with the payment system.

A mixed-methods analysis of logging injuries in Montana and Idaho.

PubMed

Lagerstrom, Elise; Magzamen, Sheryl; Rosecrance, John

2017-12-01

Despite advances in mechanization, logging continues to be one of the most dangerous occupations in the United States. Logging in the Intermountain West region (Montana and Idaho) is especially hazardous due to steep terrain, extreme weather, and remote work locations. We implemented a mixed-methods approach combining analyses of workers' compensation claims and focus groups to identify factors associated with injuries and fatalities in the logging industry. Inexperienced workers (>6 months experience) accounted for over 25% of claims. Sprain/strain injuries were the most common, accounting for 36% of claims, while fatalities had the highest median claim cost ($274 411). Focus groups identified job tasks involving felling trees, skidding, and truck driving as having highest risk. Injury prevention efforts should focus on training related to safe work methods (especially for inexperienced workers), the development of a safety culture and safety leadership, as well as implementation of engineering controls. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The neural basis of rationalization: cognitive dissonance reduction during decision-making.

PubMed

Jarcho, Johanna M; Berkman, Elliot T; Lieberman, Matthew D

2011-09-01

People rationalize the choices they make when confronted with difficult decisions by claiming they never wanted the option they did not choose. Behavioral studies on cognitive dissonance provide evidence for decision-induced attitude change, but these studies cannot fully uncover the mechanisms driving the attitude change because only pre- and post-decision attitudes are measured, rather than the process of change itself. In the first fMRI study to examine the decision phase in a decision-based cognitive dissonance paradigm, we observed that increased activity in right-inferior frontal gyrus, medial fronto-parietal regions and ventral striatum, and decreased activity in anterior insula were associated with subsequent decision-related attitude change. These findings suggest the characteristic rationalization processes that are associated with decision-making may be engaged very quickly at the moment of the decision, without extended deliberation and may involve reappraisal-like emotion regulation processes.

The neural basis of rationalization: cognitive dissonance reduction during decision-making

PubMed Central

Jarcho, Johanna M.; Berkman, Elliot T.

2011-01-01

People rationalize the choices they make when confronted with difficult decisions by claiming they never wanted the option they did not choose. Behavioral studies on cognitive dissonance provide evidence for decision-induced attitude change, but these studies cannot fully uncover the mechanisms driving the attitude change because only pre- and post-decision attitudes are measured, rather than the process of change itself. In the first fMRI study to examine the decision phase in a decision-based cognitive dissonance paradigm, we observed that increased activity in right-inferior frontal gyrus, medial fronto-parietal regions and ventral striatum, and decreased activity in anterior insula were associated with subsequent decision-related attitude change. These findings suggest the characteristic rationalization processes that are associated with decision-making may be engaged very quickly at the moment of the decision, without extended deliberation and may involve reappraisal-like emotion regulation processes. PMID:20621961

Student Suicide: Could You Be Held Liable?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taylor, Kelley R.

2001-01-01

Two legal theories inspire suicide-related lawsuits: tort claims of negligence and constitutional claims based on due process. A well-known case illustrates a middle-schooler's suicide and a district's negligence. Liability factors include duty, foreseeability, special relationship, danger creation, and immunity/contributory negligence. (MLH)

Guidance for Product Category Rule Development: Process, Outcome and Next Steps

EPA Science Inventory

Background The development of Product Category Rules (PCRs) is inconsistent among the program operators using ISO 14025 as the basis. Furthermore, the existence of several other product claim standards and specifications that require PCRs for making product claims, has the potent...

Rates, amounts, and determinants of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring claim reimbursements among Medicare beneficiaries.

PubMed

Kent, Shia T; Shimbo, Daichi; Huang, Lei; Diaz, Keith M; Viera, Anthony J; Kilgore, Meredith; Oparil, Suzanne; Muntner, Paul

2014-12-01

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) can be used to identify white coat hypertension and guide hypertensive treatment. We determined the percentage of ABPM claims submitted between 2007 and 2010 that were reimbursed. Among 1970 Medicare beneficiaries with submitted claims, ABPM was reimbursed for 93.8% of claims that had an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, diagnosis code of 796.2 ("elevated blood pressure reading without diagnosis of hypertension") versus 28.5% of claims without this code. Among claims without an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, diagnosis code of 796.2 listed, those for the component (eg, recording, scanning analysis, physician review, reporting) versus full ABPM procedures and performed by institutional versus non-institutional providers were each more than two times as likely to be successfully reimbursed. Of the claims reimbursed, the median payment was $52.01 (25th-75th percentiles, $32.95-$64.98). In conclusion, educating providers on the ABPM claims reimbursement process and evaluation of Medicare reimbursement may increase the appropriate use of ABPM and improve patient care. Copyright © 2014 American Society of Hypertension. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Microstructure and growth mechanism of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Al ceramic matrix composite made by directed oxidation of Al alloys

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Qin, C.D.; Lai, M.O.; Cotterell, B.

Since the Lanxide process was advanced for forming of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} ceramic composite by directed oxidation of Al alloys, much work has been done with various mechanisms being proposed. The mechanisms have claimed that only certain dopants are essential to the growth process. Nevertheless, no united consensus has yet been reached. In the present work, Al alloy containing 5% Mg was oxidized in air for 12 hours at 1,150 C with or without surface dopants of MgO or Pd. The resultant composites showed very different microstructures. Without any surface doping, the alloy did not develop any portion of compositemore » as the initial intimate oxide film stops further oxidation. This intimate oxide film can either be broken off by mechanical means or penetrated by reaction with surface dopants, so that the composite can grow and develop. The results show that the previously reported incubation time is not only related to reaction processes but also to the initial mechanical disturbances. Doping with Pd made the composite darker in color as the grains of the alumina ceramic matrix and inclusions of Al metal are finer. This shows that Pd may make the top oxide layer less intimate, and more nucleation sites are therefore available for oxidation. A new model is presented for oxide sustained growth based on the existence of oxygen active top surface layer and the capillary flow of molten metal around ceramic phase.« less

Finance issue brief: health care claims payment: prompt payment: year end report-2003.

PubMed

MacEachern, Lillian

2003-12-31

Since the mid 1990's state legislators and regulators have worked to resolve the complex issue of timely payment of health care claims. They have been challenged with bridging the communication gap between provider and payor and forced to address such base problems as what determines a correctly billed service. As time has progressed it is ever apparent that the completion of payment for services is dependent on many variables, not just simply timely processing of a claim.

British media attacks on homeopathy: are they justified?

PubMed

Vithoulkas, George

2008-04-01

Homeopathy is being attacked by the British media. These attacks draw support from irresponsible and unjustified claims by certain teachers of homeopathy. Such claims include the use of 'dream' and 'imaginative' methods for provings. For prescribing some such teachers attempt to replace the laborious process of matching symptom picture and remedy with spurious theories based on 'signatures', sensations and other methods. Other irresponsible claims have also been made. These "new ideas" risk destroying the principles, theory, and practice of homeopathy.

Compensation and Community Corrosion: Perceived Inequalities, Social Comparisons, and Competition Following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill1

PubMed Central

Mayer, Brian; Running, Katrina; Bergstrand, Kelly

2015-01-01

After disasters, victim compensation programs are typically associated with individual healing and community rebuilding. But post-disaster compensation systems also have the potential to introduce confusion and competition, further fraying the social fabric of communities affected by trauma. To assess the perceived effects of disaster compensation processes on community social relations, as well as the mechanisms that underlie such effects, we turn to the case of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, after which BP implemented one of the largest compensation systems in U.S. history. Using data from interviews of residents of four Gulf Coast communities, we examine the extent to which this claims process hindered efforts to recover from this disaster. Our data suggest that while BP money helped some residents in the Gulf during a difficult economic time, many interviewees perceived uncertainty, randomness, and unevenness in the compensation process, which led to negative social comparisons and competition among community members. Because of this animosity, we argue that BP's compensation system was a disruptive mechanism that contributed to community corrosion and introduced another source of psychological stress into already traumatized areas. PMID:26120247

Spokane Community College Library Serials Operation Handbook.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Waesche, Betty; Cargill, Katie

Listed are general policies for handling periodicals and specific policies for their acquisition, renewal, and processing, as well as procedures for checking in and claiming periodicals and handling duplicate copies. Flowcharts accompany procedural statements for claiming and checking-in periodicals and for dealing with duplicates. Specific duties…

24 CFR 17.69 - Accounting control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Accounting control. 17.69 Section 17.69 Housing and Urban Development Office of the Secretary, Department of Housing and Urban... § 17.69 Accounting control. Each office and the Department Claims Officer shall process all claims...

Self-Insurance (Waukegan Style).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Falkinham, Ken

The health and dental self-insurance program instituted in the Waukegan (Illinois) Public Schools can credit three major factors for much of its success. First, claims are processed in-house by the district, resulting in improved communications about claim decisions, faster payments, and higher employee satisfaction. Second, the plan is…

37 CFR 1.126 - Numbering of claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Numbering of claims. 1.126 Section 1.126 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN PATENT CASES National Processing Provisions Amendments § 1.126...

37 CFR 1.126 - Numbering of claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Numbering of claims. 1.126 Section 1.126 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN PATENT CASES National Processing Provisions Amendments § 1.126...

Moral Judgment Development across Cultures: Revisiting Kohlberg's Universality Claims

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gibbs, John C.; Basinger, Karen S.; Grime, Rebecca L.; Snarey, John R.

2007-01-01

This article revisits Kohlberg's cognitive developmental claims that stages of moral judgment, facilitative processes of social perspective-taking, and moral values are commonly identifiable across cultures. Snarey [Snarey, J. (1985). "The cross-cultural universality of social-moral development: A critical review of Kohlbergian research."…

Fidelity analysis of mechanically aided copying/enlarging of Jan van Eyck's Portrait of Niccolo Albergati

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stork, David G.; Duarte, Marco

2007-01-01

The contemporary artist David Hockney has hypothesized that some early Renaissance painters secretly projected optical images onto their supports (canvas, paper, oak panel, ...), directly traced these projections, and then filled in the tracings with paint[1]. Hockney has presented somewhat impressionistic image evidence for this claim, but he and thin-film physicist Charles Falco also point to perspective anomalies, to the fidelity of passages in certain paintings, and to historical documents in search of support for this direct tracing claim[2]. Key visual evidence adduced in support of this tracing claim is a pair of portraits by Jan van Eyck of Cardinal Niccolo Albergati - a small informal silverpoint study of 1431 and a slightly larger formal work in oil on panel of 1432. The contours in these two works bear striking resemblance in shape (after being appropriately scaled) and there are at least two "relative shifts" - passages that co-align well after a spatial shift of one of the images [2]. This evidence has led the theory's proponents to claim that van Eyck copied the silverpoint by means of an optical projector, or epidiascope, the relative shifts due to him accidentally bumping the setup during the copying. Previous tests of the tracing theory for these works considered four candidate methods van Eyck might have used to copied and enlarged the image in the silverpoint study: unaided ("by eye"), mechanical, grid, and the optical projection method itself [3]. Based on the full evidence, including the recent discovery of tiny pinprick holes in the silverpoint, reenactments, material culture and optical knowledge in the early 15th century, the mechanical method was judged most plausible and optical method the least plausible[3]. However, this earlier work did not adequately test whether a trained artist could "re-enact" the copying by mechanical methods: "Although we have not explicitly verified that high fidelities can be achieved through the use of a Reductionszirkel(or compass, protractor and ruler), there are no significant challenges in this regard"[3]. Our work here seeks to complete the test of the direct tracing claim. As we shall see, a talented realist artist can indeed achieve fidelity comparable to that found in these works, a result that re-affirms the earlier conclusion that when copying and enlarging the silverpoint image, it is more likely that van Eyck used a well-known, simple, mechanical method than a then unknown, secret and complicated optical method.

Bohmian mechanics without wave function ontology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Solé, Albert

2013-11-01

In this paper, I critically assess different interpretations of Bohmian mechanics that are not committed to an ontology based on the wave function being an actual physical object that inhabits configuration space. More specifically, my aim is to explore the connection between the denial of configuration space realism and another interpretive debate that is specific to Bohmian mechanics: the quantum potential versus guidance approaches. Whereas defenders of the quantum potential approach to the theory claim that Bohmian mechanics is better formulated as quasi-Newtonian, via the postulation of forces proportional to acceleration; advocates of the guidance approach defend the notion that the theory is essentially first-order and incorporates some concepts akin to those of Aristotelian physics. Here I analyze whether the desideratum of an interpretation of Bohmian mechanics that is both explanatorily adequate and not committed to configuration space realism favors one of these two approaches to the theory over the other. Contrary to some recent claims in the literature, I argue that the quasi-Newtonian approach based on the idea of a quantum potential does not come out the winner.

The impact of health claims and food deprivation levels on health risk perceptions of fast-food restaurants.

PubMed

Cadario, Romain

2016-01-01

We examined the effect of health claims and food deprivation levels on the health risk perceptions of fast-food restaurants. Consistent with previous research, we used a within-subjects experimental design to manipulate the health claims of fast-food restaurants using real brands: Subway, expressing strong health claims vs. McDonald's, expressing weak health claims. Participants who did not have access to nutrition information were asked to estimate the health risk associated with food items that were slightly more caloric for Subway than McDonald's (640 kcal vs. 600 kcal). We collected data through a web survey with a sample consisting of 414 American adults. Based on the USDA Food Insufficiency Indicator, participants were classified into two categorical food deprivation levels: food sufficiency and food insufficiency. We find that risk perceptions for obesity, diabetes and cardiac illnesses are lower (higher) for the restaurant with stronger (lower) health claims, i.e., Subway (McDonald's). Moreover, we also find that food deprivation levels moderate this effect, such that health risk underestimation is aggravated for individuals who suffer from food insufficiency. More precisely, we find that food insufficient individuals are more responsive to health claims, such that they perceive less health risk than food sufficient individuals for the restaurant with stronger health claims (Subway). Exploring the underlying mechanism of the latter effect, we found that dietary involvement mediates the relationship between food deprivation levels and health risk perceptions for the restaurant with stronger health claims (Subway). These results provide an interdisciplinary contribution in consumer psychology and public health. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Comparison of Medicaid Payments Relative to Medicare Using Inpatient Acute Care Claims from the Medicaid Program: Fiscal Year 2010-Fiscal Year 2011.

PubMed

Stone, Devin A; Dickensheets, Bridget A; Poisal, John A

2018-02-01

To compare Medicaid fee-for-service (FFS) inpatient hospital payments to expected Medicare payments. Medicaid and Medicare claims data, Medicare's MS-DRG grouper and inpatient prospective payment system pricer (IPPS pricer). Medicaid FFS inpatient hospital claims were run through Medicare's MS-DRG grouper and IPPS pricer to compare Medicaid's actual payment against what Medicare would have paid for the same claim. Average inpatient hospital claim payments for Medicaid were 68.8 percent of what Medicare would have paid in fiscal year 2010, and 69.8 percent in fiscal year 2011. Including Medicaid disproportionate share hospital (DSH), graduate medical education (GME), and supplemental payments reduces a substantial proportion of the gap between Medicaid and Medicare payments. Medicaid payments relative to expected Medicare payments tend to be lower and vary by state Medicaid program, length of stay, and whether payments made outside of the Medicaid claims process are included. © Health Research and Educational Trust.

Creative brains: designing in the real world†

PubMed Central

Goel, Vinod

2014-01-01

The process of designing artifacts is a creative activity. It is proposed that, at the cognitive level, one key to understanding design creativity is to understand the array of symbol systems designers utilize. These symbol systems range from being vague, imprecise, abstract, ambiguous, and indeterminate (like conceptual sketches), to being very precise, concrete, unambiguous, and determinate (like contract documents). The former types of symbol systems support associative processes that facilitate lateral (or divergent) transformations that broaden the problem space, while the latter types of symbol systems support inference processes facilitating vertical (or convergent) transformations that deepen of the problem space. The process of artifact design requires the judicious application of both lateral and vertical transformations. This leads to a dual mechanism model of design problem-solving comprising of an associative engine and an inference engine. It is further claimed that this dual mechanism model is supported by an interesting hemispheric dissociation in human prefrontal cortex. The associative engine and neural structures that support imprecise, ambiguous, abstract, indeterminate representations are lateralized in the right prefrontal cortex, while the inference engine and neural structures that support precise, unambiguous, determinant representations are lateralized in the left prefrontal cortex. At the brain level, successful design of artifacts requires a delicate balance between the two hemispheres of prefrontal cortex. PMID:24817846

Cognitive underpinnings of social interaction.

PubMed

Hamilton, Antonia F de C

2015-01-01

Human social interaction is part of what defines us. Here I present an overview of recent studies of imitation, a subdomain of social interaction that can be dissected and examined in a scientific fashion. I use these studies to test two core claims: (a) that there is more than one copying mechanism in the human brain and (b) that mimicry (a form of copying) is particularly relevant for understanding social behaviour. Evidence in favour of the first claim comes from neuroimaging studies that show distinct brain systems for understanding action kinematics, action goals, and irrational actions. Further studies of participants with autism show abnormal copying of irrational actions. Evidence in favour of the second claim comes from behavioural studies of the social cues that prime mimicry and from neuroimaging studies of the pathways involved in this priming. These studies suggest that medial prefrontal cortex has a core role in controlling mimicry responses and support the STORM (social top-down response modulation) model. Future work should determine what organizing principles govern the control of social responses and how these critical mechanisms for interpersonal connection differ in autism.

Colour, pleasantness, and consumption behaviour within a meal.

PubMed

Piqueras-Fiszman, Betina; Spence, Charles

2014-04-01

It is often claimed that colour (e.g., in a meal) affects consumption behaviour. However, just how strong is the evidence in support of this claim, and what are the underlying mechanisms? It has been shown that not only the colour itself, but also the variety and the arrangement of the differently-coloured components in a meal influence consumers' ratings of the pleasantness of a meal (across time) and, to a certain extent, might even affect their consumption behaviour as well. Typically, eating the same food constantly or repeatedly leads to a decrease in its perceived pleasantness, which, as a consequence, might lead to decreased intake of that food. However, variation within a meal (in one or several sensory attributes, or holistically) has been shown to slow down this process. In this review, we first briefly summarize the literature on how general variety in a meal influences these variables and the major theories that have been put forward by researchers to explain them. We then go on to evaluate the evidence of these effects based mainly on the colour of the food explaining the different processes that might affect colour-based sensory-specific satiety and, in more detail, consumption behaviour. In addition, we also discuss the overlap in the definitions of these terms and provide additional hypothesis as to why, in some cases, the opposite pattern of results has been observed. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

39 CFR 777.28 - Claims and appeals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... relocation representative with the displaced person, to preclude technical difficulties in processing the... displaced person will be fully informed in writing that his or her final claim will then be subject to... because of untimely filing or other grounds, it must promptly notify the claimant in writing of the...

39 CFR 777.28 - Claims and appeals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... relocation representative with the displaced person, to preclude technical difficulties in processing the... displaced person will be fully informed in writing that his or her final claim will then be subject to... because of untimely filing or other grounds, it must promptly notify the claimant in writing of the...

39 CFR 777.28 - Claims and appeals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... relocation representative with the displaced person, to preclude technical difficulties in processing the... displaced person will be fully informed in writing that his or her final claim will then be subject to... because of untimely filing or other grounds, it must promptly notify the claimant in writing of the...

39 CFR 777.28 - Claims and appeals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... relocation representative with the displaced person, to preclude technical difficulties in processing the... displaced person will be fully informed in writing that his or her final claim will then be subject to... because of untimely filing or other grounds, it must promptly notify the claimant in writing of the...

14 CFR 1261.107 - Evidence in support of claim.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Evidence in support of claim. 1261.107 Section 1261.107 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION PROCESSING OF... statement from the claimant's supervisor or other person or persons having personal knowledge of the facts...

14 CFR 1261.107 - Evidence in support of claim.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Evidence in support of claim. 1261.107 Section 1261.107 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION PROCESSING OF... statement from the claimant's supervisor or other person or persons having personal knowledge of the facts...

[Judicial or administrative settlement of medical malpractice claims. Update on medical liability].

PubMed

Crégut, P

2012-03-01

Settlement of medical malpractice claims was radically changed by the Kouchner Law that set up a rapid, effective system of indemnification. Victims can choose between conventional court proceedings and a non-judicial conciliation procedure. Choice between the two processes depends on the circumstances of the case.

Illegal File Sharing 101

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wada, Kent

2008-01-01

Much of higher education's unease arises from the cost of dealing with illegal file sharing. Illinois State University, for example, calculated a cost of $76 to process a first claim of copyright infringement and $146 for a second. Responses range from simply passing along claims to elaborate programs architected with specific goals in mind.…

Science in Writing: Learning Scientific Argument in Principle and Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cope, Bill; Kalantzis, Mary; Abd-El-Khalick, Fouad; Bagley, Elizabeth

2013-01-01

This article explores the processes of writing in science and in particular the "complex performance" of writing a scientific argument. The article explores in general terms the nature of scientific argumentation in which the author-scientist makes claims, provides evidence to support these claims, and develops chains of scientific…

42 CFR 431.998 - Difference resolution and appeal process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... for Estimating Improper Payments in Medicaid and CHIP § 431.998 Difference resolution and appeal... care claims in Medicaid or CHIP within 20 business days after the disposition report of claims review... CHIP agencies with personnel that are responsible for Medicaid and CHIP policy and operations, the...

42 CFR 431.998 - Difference resolution and appeal process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... for Estimating Improper Payments in Medicaid and CHIP § 431.998 Difference resolution and appeal... care claims in Medicaid or CHIP within 20 business days after the disposition report of claims review... CHIP agencies with personnel that are responsible for Medicaid and CHIP policy and operations, the...

42 CFR 431.998 - Difference resolution and appeal process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... for Estimating Improper Payments in Medicaid and CHIP § 431.998 Difference resolution and appeal... care claims in Medicaid or CHIP within 20 business days after the disposition report of claims review... CHIP agencies with personnel that are responsible for Medicaid and CHIP policy and operations, the...

42 CFR 431.998 - Difference resolution and appeal process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... for Estimating Improper Payments in Medicaid and CHIP § 431.998 Difference resolution and appeal... care claims in Medicaid or CHIP within 20 business days after the disposition report of claims review... CHIP agencies with personnel that are responsible for Medicaid and CHIP policy and operations, the...

42 CFR 431.998 - Difference resolution and appeal process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... for Estimating Improper Payments in Medicaid and CHIP § 431.998 Difference resolution and appeal... care claims in Medicaid or CHIP within 20 business days after the disposition report of claims review... CHIP agencies with personnel that are responsible for Medicaid and CHIP policy and operations, the...

14 CFR 1261.307 - Time limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Time limitations. 1261.307 Section 1261.307 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION PROCESSING OF MONETARY CLAIMS (GENERAL...-Accruing On or After January 18, 1967 § 1261.307 Time limitations. (a) A claim may not be acted upon...

14 CFR 1261.307 - Time limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Time limitations. 1261.307 Section 1261.307 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION PROCESSING OF MONETARY CLAIMS (GENERAL...-Accruing On or After January 18, 1967 § 1261.307 Time limitations. (a) A claim may not be acted upon...

14 CFR 1261.307 - Time limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Time limitations. 1261.307 Section 1261.307 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION PROCESSING OF MONETARY CLAIMS (GENERAL...-Accruing On or After January 18, 1967 § 1261.307 Time limitations. (a) A claim may not be acted upon...

10 CFR 950.21 - Notification of covered event.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY STANDBY SUPPORT FOR CERTAIN NUCLEAR PLANT DELAYS Claims Administration Process § 950.21 Notification of covered event. (a) A sponsor shall submit in writing to the Claims Administrator a notification that a covered event has occurred that has delayed the schedule for construction or...

10 CFR 950.21 - Notification of covered event.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY STANDBY SUPPORT FOR CERTAIN NUCLEAR PLANT DELAYS Claims Administration Process § 950.21 Notification of covered event. (a) A sponsor shall submit in writing to the Claims Administrator a notification that a covered event has occurred that has delayed the schedule for construction or...

10 CFR 950.21 - Notification of covered event.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY STANDBY SUPPORT FOR CERTAIN NUCLEAR PLANT DELAYS Claims Administration Process § 950.21 Notification of covered event. (a) A sponsor shall submit in writing to the Claims Administrator a notification that a covered event has occurred that has delayed the schedule for construction or...

10 CFR 950.21 - Notification of covered event.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY STANDBY SUPPORT FOR CERTAIN NUCLEAR PLANT DELAYS Claims Administration Process § 950.21 Notification of covered event. (a) A sponsor shall submit in writing to the Claims Administrator a notification that a covered event has occurred that has delayed the schedule for construction or...

The Feasibility of Systems Thinking in Biology Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boersma, Kerst; Waarlo, Arend Jan; Klaassen, Kees

2011-01-01

Systems thinking in biology education is an up and coming research topic, as yet with contrasting feasibility claims. In biology education systems thinking can be understood as thinking backward and forward between concrete biological objects and processes and systems models representing systems theoretical characteristics. Some studies claim that…

The Myth of Learning Styles

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Riener, Cedar; Willingham, Daniel

2010-01-01

There is no credible evidence that learning styles exist. In this article, the authors begin by defining "learning styles"; then they address the claims made by those who believe that they exist, in the process acknowledging what the authors consider the valid claims of learning-styles theorists. But in separating the wheat from the…

45 CFR 201.15 - Deferral of claims for Federal financial participation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... SERVICES GRANTS TO STATES FOR PUBLIC ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS Review and Audits § 201.15 Deferral of claims for... (AABD), of the Social Security Act. (b) Definitions. (1) Deferral Action means the process of suspending... audit exception or financial management review. If a subsequent disallowance should occur, the State...

45 CFR 201.15 - Deferral of claims for Federal financial participation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... SERVICES GRANTS TO STATES FOR PUBLIC ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS Review and Audits § 201.15 Deferral of claims for... (AABD), of the Social Security Act. (b) Definitions. (1) Deferral Action means the process of suspending... audit exception or financial management review. If a subsequent disallowance should occur, the State...

Statistical mechanics of two-dimensional shuffled foams: prediction of the correlation between geometry and topology.

PubMed

Durand, Marc; Käfer, Jos; Quilliet, Catherine; Cox, Simon; Talebi, Shirin Ataei; Graner, François

2011-10-14

We propose an analytical model for the statistical mechanics of shuffled two-dimensional foams with moderate bubble size polydispersity. It predicts without any adjustable parameters the correlations between the number of sides n of the bubbles (topology) and their areas A (geometry) observed in experiments and numerical simulations of shuffled foams. Detailed statistics show that in shuffled cellular patterns n correlates better with √A (as claimed by Desch and Feltham) than with A (as claimed by Lewis and widely assumed in the literature). At the level of the whole foam, standard deviations Δn and ΔA are in proportion. Possible applications include correlations of the detailed distributions of n and A, three-dimensional foams, and biological tissues.

Chromatic assimilation unaffected by perceived depth of inducing light.

PubMed

Shevell, Steven K; Cao, Dingcai

2004-01-01

Chromatic assimilation is a shift toward the color of nearby light. Several studies conclude that a neural process contributes to assimilation but the neural locus remains in question. Some studies posit a peripheral process, such as retinal receptive-field organization, while others claim the neural mechanism follows depth perception, figure/ground segregation, or perceptual grouping. The experiments here tested whether assimilation depends on a neural process that follows stereoscopic depth perception. By introducing binocular disparity, the test field judged in color was made to appear in a different depth plane than the light that induced assimilation. The chromaticity and spatial frequency of the inducing light, and the chromaticity of the test light, were varied. Chromatic assimilation was found with all inducing-light sizes and chromaticities, but the magnitude of assimilation did not depend on the perceived relative depth planes of the test and inducing fields. We found no evidence to support the view that chromatic assimilation depends on a neural process that follows binocular combination of the two eyes' signals.

Automaticity in reading and the Stroop task: testing the limits of involuntary word processing.

PubMed

Brown, Tracy L; Joneleit, Kelly; Robinson, Cathy S; Brown, Carli Rose

2002-01-01

We investigated the parameters of involuntary word reading in the Stroop task in 7 experiments. Experiments 1-4 varied response modality and the presence of congruent word trials in a test of the claim that presenting a Stroop color word with only one letter in the target color eliminates the Stroop effect. Experiments 5 and 6 addressed the roles of spatial attention and orthographic processing as possible mechanisms behind the reduction of Stroop effects with the single-letter format. Experiment 7 investigated the limits of involuntary reading under optimal conditions for selective processing of rectangular color patch targets. We found that the single-letter format reduced but never eliminated Stroop effects, spatial attention but not orthographic processing plays a role in the effect of the single-letter format, and word reading is not completely prevented even with austere presentation conditions. We conclude with a defense of the involuntariness criterion for automaticity in the Stroop task, particularly when word reading is viewed in the context of a skilled performance.

Planning outstanding reserves in general insurance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Raeva, E.; Pavlov, V.

2017-10-01

Each insurance company have to ensure its solvency through presentation of accounts for its own reserves in the start of the year. Usually the task of the actuary is to estimate the state of the company on an annual basis and the expectation of the status of the company for a future period. One of the major problem when calculating the liabilities of the incurred claims, is related to the delay of payments. Object of consideration in the present note are the outstanding claim reserves, which are set aside to cover claims, occurred before the date of the annual account, but still not paid, and related with them expenses. There may be different reasons for the delay of claims settlement. For example, continuation the process of the liquidation of the damage waiting for necessary documents or the presence of controversial cases whose permission takes time, etc. Thus the claims, which determine the outstanding reserves could be divided in the following types: claims, which are reported, but not settled (RBNS); claims, which are incurred but not reported (IBNR); claims, whose case is finished, but it is possible to be reopened. When calculating the reserves for IBNR claims, most widely used is the Chain-ladder method and its modification presented by the Bornhuetter - Ferguson method. For modeling the outstanding claims, the available data should be presented in so called run-off triangle, which underlies in the basis of such methods. The present work provides a review of the algorithm for calculating insurance outstanding claim reserves according to the Chain-ladder method. Using available data for claims related to liability of drivers, registered in Bulgaria an example is constructed to illustrate the methodology of the Chain-Ladder method. Back-testing approach is used for validating the results.

Flood damage claims reveal insights about surface runoff in Switzerland

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bernet, D. B.; Prasuhn, V.; Weingartner, R.

2015-12-01

A few case studies in Switzerland exemplify that not only overtopping water bodies frequently cause damages to buildings. Reportedly, a large share of the total loss due to flooding in Switzerland goes back to surface runoff that is formed and is propagating outside of regular watercourses. Nevertheless, little is known about when, where and why such surface runoff occurs. The described process encompasses surface runoff formation, followed by unchannelised overland flow until a water body is reached. It is understood as a type of flash flood, has short response times and occurs diffusely in the landscape. Thus, the process is difficult to observe and study directly. A promising source indicating surface runoff indirectly are houseowners' damage claims recorded by Swiss Public Insurance Companies for Buildings (PICB). In most of Switzerland, PICB hold a monopoly position and insure (almost) every building. Consequently, PICB generally register all damages to buildings caused by an insured natural hazard (including surface runoff) within the respective zones. We have gathered gapless flood related claim records of most of all Swiss PICB covering more than the last two decades on average. Based on a subset, we have developed a methodology to differentiate claims related to surface runoff from other causes. This allows us to assess the number of claims as well as total loss related to surface runoff and compare these to the numbers of overtopping watercourses. Furthermore, with the good data coverage, we are able to analyze surface runoff related claims in space and time, from which we can infer spatial and temporal characteristics of surface runoff. Although the delivered data of PICB are heterogeneous and, consequently, time-consuming to harmonize, our first results show that exploiting these damage claim records is feasible and worthwhile to learn more about surface runoff in Switzerland.

Photo-induced transformation process at gold clusters-semiconductor interface: Implications for the complexity of gold clusters-based photocatalysis

PubMed Central

Liu, Siqi; Xu, Yi-Jun

2016-01-01

The recent thrust in utilizing atomically precise organic ligands protected gold clusters (Au clusters) as photosensitizer coupled with semiconductors for nano-catalysts has led to the claims of improved efficiency in photocatalysis. Nonetheless, the influence of photo-stability of organic ligands protected-Au clusters at the Au/semiconductor interface on the photocatalytic properties remains rather elusive. Taking Au clusters–TiO2 composites as a prototype, we for the first time demonstrate the photo-induced transformation of small molecular-like Au clusters to larger metallic Au nanoparticles under different illumination conditions, which leads to the diverse photocatalytic reaction mechanism. This transformation process undergoes a diffusion/aggregation mechanism accompanied with the onslaught of Au clusters by active oxygen species and holes resulting from photo-excited TiO2 and Au clusters. However, such Au clusters aggregation can be efficiently inhibited by tuning reaction conditions. This work would trigger rational structural design and fine condition control of organic ligands protected-metal clusters-semiconductor composites for diverse photocatalytic applications with long-term photo-stability. PMID:26947754

Photo-induced transformation process at gold clusters-semiconductor interface: Implications for the complexity of gold clusters-based photocatalysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Siqi; Xu, Yi-Jun

2016-03-01

The recent thrust in utilizing atomically precise organic ligands protected gold clusters (Au clusters) as photosensitizer coupled with semiconductors for nano-catalysts has led to the claims of improved efficiency in photocatalysis. Nonetheless, the influence of photo-stability of organic ligands protected-Au clusters at the Au/semiconductor interface on the photocatalytic properties remains rather elusive. Taking Au clusters-TiO2 composites as a prototype, we for the first time demonstrate the photo-induced transformation of small molecular-like Au clusters to larger metallic Au nanoparticles under different illumination conditions, which leads to the diverse photocatalytic reaction mechanism. This transformation process undergoes a diffusion/aggregation mechanism accompanied with the onslaught of Au clusters by active oxygen species and holes resulting from photo-excited TiO2 and Au clusters. However, such Au clusters aggregation can be efficiently inhibited by tuning reaction conditions. This work would trigger rational structural design and fine condition control of organic ligands protected-metal clusters-semiconductor composites for diverse photocatalytic applications with long-term photo-stability.

Green functions and Langevin equations for nonlinear diffusion equations: A comment on ‘Markov processes, Hurst exponents, and nonlinear diffusion equations’ by Bassler et al.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Frank, T. D.

2008-02-01

We discuss two central claims made in the study by Bassler et al. [K.E. Bassler, G.H. Gunaratne, J.L. McCauley, Physica A 369 (2006) 343]. Bassler et al. claimed that Green functions and Langevin equations cannot be defined for nonlinear diffusion equations. In addition, they claimed that nonlinear diffusion equations are linear partial differential equations disguised as nonlinear ones. We review bottom-up and top-down approaches that have been used in the literature to derive Green functions for nonlinear diffusion equations and, in doing so, show that the first claim needs to be revised. We show that the second claim as well needs to be revised. To this end, we point out similarities and differences between non-autonomous linear Fokker-Planck equations and autonomous nonlinear Fokker-Planck equations. In this context, we raise the question whether Bassler et al.’s approach to financial markets is physically plausible because it necessitates the introduction of external traders and causes. Such external entities can easily be eliminated when taking self-organization principles and concepts of nonextensive thermostatistics into account and modeling financial processes by means of nonlinear Fokker-Planck equations.

Health and nutrient content claims in food advertisements on Hispanic and mainstream prime-time television.

PubMed

Abbatangelo-Gray, Jodie; Byrd-Bredbenner, Carol; Austin, S Bryn

2008-01-01

Characterize frequency and type of health and nutrient content claims in prime-time weeknight Spanish- and English-language television advertisements from programs shown in 2003 with a high viewership by women aged 18 to 35 years. Comparative content analysis design was used to analyze 95 hours of Spanish-language and 72 hours of English-language television programs (netting 269 and 543 food ads, respectively). A content analysis instrument was used to gather information on explicit health and nutrient content claims: nutrition information only; diet-disease; structure-function; processed food health outcome; good for one's health; health care provider endorsement. Chi-square statistics detected statistically significant differences between the groups. Compared to English-language television, Spanish-language television aired significantly more food advertisements containing nutrition information and health, processed food/health, and good for one's health claims. Samples did not differ in the rate of diet/disease, structure/function, or health care provider endorsement claims. Findings indicate that Spanish-language television advertisements provide viewers with significantly more nutrition information than English-language network advertisements. Potential links between the deteriorating health status of Hispanics acculturating into US mainstream culture and their exposure to the less nutrition-based messaging found in English-language television should be explored.

Mental health claims management and return to work: qualitative insights from Melbourne, Australia.

PubMed

Brijnath, Bianca; Mazza, Danielle; Singh, Nabita; Kosny, Agnieszka; Ruseckaite, Rasa; Collie, Alex

2014-12-01

Mental health conditions (MHC) are an increasing reason for claiming injury compensation in Australia; however little is known about how these claims are managed by different gatekeepers to injury entitlements. This study, drawing on the views of four stakeholders-general practitioners (GPs), injured persons, employers and compensation agents, aims to describe current management of MHC claims and to identify the current barriers to return to work (RTW) for injured persons with a MHC claim and/or mental illness. Ninety-three in-depth interviews were undertaken with GPs, compensation agents, employers and injured persons. Data were collected in Melbourne, Australia. Thematic techniques were used to analyse data. MHC claims were complex to manage because of initial assessment and diagnostic difficulties related to the invisibility of the injury, conflicting medical opinions and the stigma associated with making a MHC claim. Mental illness also developed as a secondary issue in the recovery process. These factors made MHC difficult to manage and impeded timely RTW. It is necessary to undertake further research (e.g. guideline development) to improve current practice in order to enable those with MHC claims to make a timely RTW. Further education and training interventions (e.g. on diagnosis and management of MHC) are also needed to enable GPs, employers and compensation agents to better assess and manage MHC claims.

Psychophysical chromatic mechanisms in macaque monkey.

PubMed

Stoughton, Cleo M; Lafer-Sousa, Rosa; Gagin, Galina; Conway, Bevil R

2012-10-24

Chromatic mechanisms have been studied extensively with psychophysical techniques in humans, but the number and nature of the mechanisms are still controversial. Appeals to monkey neurophysiology are often used to sort out the competing claims and to test hypotheses arising from the experiments in humans, but psychophysical chromatic mechanisms have never been assessed in monkeys. Here we address this issue by measuring color-detection thresholds in monkeys before and after chromatic adaptation, employing a standard approach used to determine chromatic mechanisms in humans. We conducted separate experiments using adaptation configured as either flickering full-field colors or heterochromatic gratings. Full-field colors would favor activity within the visual system at or before the arrival of retinal signals to V1, before the spatial transformation of color signals by the cortex. Conversely, gratings would favor activity within the cortex where neurons are often sensitive to spatial chromatic structure. Detection thresholds were selectively elevated for the colors of full-field adaptation when it modulated along either of the two cardinal chromatic axes that define cone-opponent color space [L vs M or S vs (L + M)], providing evidence for two privileged cardinal chromatic mechanisms implemented early in the visual-processing hierarchy. Adaptation with gratings produced elevated thresholds for colors of the adaptation regardless of its chromatic makeup, suggesting a cortical representation comprised of multiple higher-order mechanisms each selective for a different direction in color space. The results suggest that color is represented by two cardinal channels early in the processing hierarchy and many chromatic channels in brain regions closer to perceptual readout.

Claims procedures for employee benefit plans--Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration, Department of Labor. Request for information.

PubMed

1997-09-08

This document requests information from the public concerning the advisability of amending the existing regulation under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) that establishes minimum requirements for employee benefit plan claims procedures. The term "claims procedure" refers to the process that employee benefit plans must provide for participants and beneficiaries who seek to obtain pension or welfare plan benefits, including requests for medical treatment or services, consideration of claims, and review of denials of claims by plans. The primary purpose of this notice is to obtain information to assist the Department of Labor (the Department) in evaluating (1) the extent to which the current claims procedure regulation assures that group health plan participants and beneficiaries are provided with effective and timely means to file and resolve claims for health care benefits, and (1) whether and in what way the existing minimum requirements should be amended with respect to group health plans covered by ERISA. The furnished information also will assist the Department in determining whether the regulation should be amended with respect to pension plans covered by ERISA and in developing legislative proposals to address any identified deficiencies relating to the claims procedures that cannot be addressed by amending the current regulation.

Evolution and Optimality of Similar Neural Mechanisms for Perception and Action during Search

PubMed Central

Zhang, Sheng; Eckstein, Miguel P.

2010-01-01

A prevailing theory proposes that the brain's two visual pathways, the ventral and dorsal, lead to differing visual processing and world representations for conscious perception than those for action. Others have claimed that perception and action share much of their visual processing. But which of these two neural architectures is favored by evolution? Successful visual search is life-critical and here we investigate the evolution and optimality of neural mechanisms mediating perception and eye movement actions for visual search in natural images. We implement an approximation to the ideal Bayesian searcher with two separate processing streams, one controlling the eye movements and the other stream determining the perceptual search decisions. We virtually evolved the neural mechanisms of the searchers' two separate pathways built from linear combinations of primary visual cortex receptive fields (V1) by making the simulated individuals' probability of survival depend on the perceptual accuracy finding targets in cluttered backgrounds. We find that for a variety of targets, backgrounds, and dependence of target detectability on retinal eccentricity, the mechanisms of the searchers' two processing streams converge to similar representations showing that mismatches in the mechanisms for perception and eye movements lead to suboptimal search. Three exceptions which resulted in partial or no convergence were a case of an organism for which the targets are equally detectable across the retina, an organism with sufficient time to foveate all possible target locations, and a strict two-pathway model with no interconnections and differential pre-filtering based on parvocellular and magnocellular lateral geniculate cell properties. Thus, similar neural mechanisms for perception and eye movement actions during search are optimal and should be expected from the effects of natural selection on an organism with limited time to search for food that is not equi-detectable across its retina and interconnected perception and action neural pathways. PMID:20838589

Presentation of an approach for the analysis of the mechanical response of propellant under a large spectrum of loadings: numerical and mechanical issues

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fanget, Alain

2009-06-01

Many authors claim that to understand the response of a propellant, specifically under quasi static and dynamic loading, the mesostructural morphology and the mechanical behaviour of each of its components have to be known. However the scale of the mechanical description of the behaviour of a propellant is relative to its heterogeneities and the wavelength of loading. The shorter it is, the more important the topological description of the material is. In our problems, involving the safety of energetic materials, the propellant can be subjected to a large spectrum of loadings. This presentation is divided into five parts. The first part describes the processes used to extract the information about the morphology of the meso-structure of the material and presents some results. The results, the difficulties and the perspectives for this part will be recalled. The second part determines the physical processes involved at this scale from experimental results. Taking into account the knowledge of the morphology, two ways have been chosen to describe the response of the material. One concerns the quasi static loading, the object of the third part, in which we show how we use the mesoscopic scale as a base of development to build constitutive models. The fourth part presents for low but dynamic loading the comparison between numerical analysis and experiments.

American Medical Association

MedlinePlus

... the Payment Process Physician Payment Resource Center Reinventing Medical Practice Managing Your Practice CPT® (Current Procedural Terminology) Medicare & Medicaid Private Payer Reform Claims Processing & Practice ...

Top Management Team Crisis Communication after Claims of Sexual Harassment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bull Schaefer, Rebecca A.; Crosswhite, Alicia M.

2018-01-01

Both sexual harassment and managerial crisis communication are important topics in undergraduate, graduate, and executive programs. This article describes a group role-play exercise that engages students in the process of responding to a public claim of workplace sexual harassment and requires small groups to share their reactions within a press…

Examining Claims of Family Process Differences Ensuing from the Choice to Home-School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Butler, Mark H.; Harper, James M.; Call, Matthew L.; Bird, Mark H.

2015-01-01

Advocates of home-schooling claim a variety of positive educational and familial outcomes. Research is needed to examine possible effects of home-schooling on family relationships. We investigated family environment differences between home-schooling and public-schooling families matched in terms of family-centric orientation. Family cohesion was…

78 FR 38646 - Importer Permit Requirements for Tobacco Products and Processed Tobacco, and Other Requirements...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-27

... of Subjects 27 CFR Part 40 Cigars and cigarettes, Claims, Electronic funds transfers, Excise taxes..., Tobacco. 27 CFR Part 41 Cigars and cigarettes, Claims, Customs duties and inspection, Electronic fund... sale price of large cigars to incorporate a clarification published in a prior TTB temporary rule...

Critical Religious Education: Highlighting Religious Truth-Claims in Non-Confessional Educational Contexts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Franck, Olof

2015-01-01

In this article, a religious education, which combines a respect for relevant critical demands, when analysing religious truth-claims, and a sensitivity to the need to avoid unwarranted criteriological constraints in the analysing process, is examined. Starting with an analytical comment upon Andrew Wright's critical realist approach in terms of a…

The Teacher Disempowerment Debate: Historical Reflections on "Slender Autonomy"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smaller, Harry

2015-01-01

A number of education researchers, both in Europe and in North America, have claimed that classroom teachers in state schooling systems have suffered from a process of "de-professionalisation" and/or "de-skilling" over recent decades. This paper argues that these claims are problematic, on at least two grounds. First, for…

32 CFR 536.71 - Fund sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Fund sources. 536.71 Section 536.71 National... UNITED STATES Investigation and Processing of Claims § 536.71 Fund sources. (a) 31 U.S.C. 1304 sets forth the type and limits of claims payable out of the Judgment Fund. Only final payments that are not...

32 CFR 536.71 - Fund sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Fund sources. 536.71 Section 536.71 National... UNITED STATES Investigation and Processing of Claims § 536.71 Fund sources. (a) 31 U.S.C. 1304 sets forth the type and limits of claims payable out of the Judgment Fund. Only final payments that are not...

32 CFR 536.62 - Action memorandums.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Action memorandums. 536.62 Section 536.62... AGAINST THE UNITED STATES Investigation and Processing of Claims § 536.62 Action memorandums. (a) When... claims on which suit is filed before final action, see § 536.66. A settlement authority may deny or pay...

32 CFR 536.62 - Action memorandums.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Action memorandums. 536.62 Section 536.62... AGAINST THE UNITED STATES Investigation and Processing of Claims § 536.62 Action memorandums. (a) When... claims on which suit is filed before final action, see § 536.66. A settlement authority may deny or pay...

Comment on "falsification of the Atmospheric CO2 Greenhouse Effects Within the Frame of Physics"

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Halpern, Joshua B.; Colose, Christopher M.; Ho-Stuart, Chris; Shore, Joel D.; Smith, Arthur P.; Zimmermann, Jörg

In this journal, Gerhard Gerlich and Ralf D. Tscheuschner claim to have falsified the existence of an atmospheric greenhouse effect.1 Here, we show that their methods, logic, and conclusions are in error. Their most significant errors include trying to apply the Clausius statement of the Second Law of Thermodynamics to only one side of a heat transfer process rather than the entire process, and systematically ignoring most non-radiative heat flows applicable to the Earth's surface and atmosphere. They claim that radiative heat transfer from a colder atmosphere to a warmer surface is forbidden, ignoring the larger transfer in the other direction which makes the complete process allowed. Further, by ignoring heat capacity and non-radiative heat flows, they claim that radiative balance requires that the surface cool by 100 K or more at night, an obvious absurdity induced by an unphysical assumption. This comment concentrates on these two major points, while also taking note of some of Gerlich and Tscheuschner's other errors and misunderstandings.

Choosing Your Medical Specialty

MedlinePlus

... the Payment Process Physician Payment Resource Center Reinventing Medical Practice Managing Your Practice CPT® (Current Procedural Terminology) Medicare & Medicaid Private Payer Reform Claims Processing & Practice ...

Not all nutrition claims are perceived equal: anchoring effects and moderating mechanisms in food advertising.

PubMed

Paek, Hye-Jin; Yoon, Hye Jin; Hove, Thomas

2011-03-01

Despite the increased use of health claims in food advertising, few studies have investigated how specific nutrition claims have differential effects depending on how they are presented. In this context, the current study tests the anchoring hypothesis. Anchoring refers to a common human tendency to evaluate information differently depending on the presence or absence of a numerical "anchor" or reference point. Two (pilot and main) experimental studies explore anchoring effects on audience response to food advertising both directly and moderated by cognitive, motivational, and message factors. The pilot study finds that food product ads employing nutrition claims with an anchor rather than without an anchor generate two results: First, participants perceive the product to have lower fat/lower calorie contents (anchoring hypothesis); second, they prefer the messages with an anchor over those without an anchor. The main study reports that when anchoring is successfully evoked, it produces favorable attitudes toward the ad, favorable attitudes toward the brand, and purchase intention-but only when moderated by health orientation, claim believability, and nutrition knowledge. Practical implications are provided with respect to regulatory guidelines and effective communication strategies for promoting low-fat and low-calorie products in food advertising.

The role of nutrition labels and advertising claims in altering consumers' evaluation and choice.

PubMed

Bialkova, Svetlana; Sasse, Lena; Fenko, Anna

2016-01-01

Despite policy efforts, consumers' well-informed healthful choice is a challenge. Due to increasing number of benefit claims advertising taste or health front of pack (FOP), consumers face the dilemma to trade taste for health. To understand the mechanisms underlying food evaluation, this study investigates the health-pleasure trade-off and its effect on consumers' choice. 240 EU consumers took part in a taste experiment, after being presented with the product FOP. Half of the products carried a nutrition label FOP, respectively, reduced fat for potato chips, reduced sugar for cereal bars. Further, one third of the products carried health benefit claim, one third taste benefit claim, and one third no additional claim FOP. Attention to information and its effect on experienced taste, health perception and the buying intention were measured. The results show that the message displayed FOP altered consumers evaluation and choice. The effectiveness of the FOP message further depended on consumers' health motivation and the healthfulness perception of carrier products. The outcomes are summarized in a framework of health-pleasure trade-off. Current findings call for the establishment of standards to avoid the use of misleading information FOP. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Kafka, paranoic doubles and the brain: hypnagogic vs. hyper-reflexive models of disrupted self in neuropsychiatric disorders and anomalous conscious states.

PubMed

Mishara, Aaron L

2010-08-20

Kafka's writings are frequently interpreted as representing the historical period of modernism in which he was writing. Little attention has been paid, however, to the possibility that his writings may reflect neural mechanisms in the processing of self during hypnagogic (i.e., between waking and sleep) states. Kafka suffered from dream-like, hypnagogic hallucinations during a sleep-deprived state while writing. This paper discusses reasons (phenomenological and neurobiological) why the self projects an imaginary double (autoscopy) in its spontaneous hallucinations and how Kafka's writings help to elucidate the underlying cognitive and neural mechanisms. I further discuss how the proposed mechanisms may be relevant to understanding paranoid delusions in schizophrenia. Literature documents and records cognitive and neural processes of self with an intimacy that may be otherwise unavailable to neuroscience. To elucidate this approach, I contrast it with the apparently popularizing view that the symptoms of schizophrenia result from what has been called an operative (i.e., pre-reflective) hyper-reflexivity. The latter approach claims that pre-reflective self-awareness (diminished in schizophrenia) pervades all conscious experience (however, in a manner that remains unverifiable for both phenomenological and experimental methods). This contribution argues the opposite: the "self" informs our hypnagogic imagery precisely to the extent that we are not self-aware.

Performance Assessment of Ga District Mutual Health Insurance Scheme, Greater Accra Region, Ghana.

PubMed

Nsiah-Boateng, Eric; Aikins, Moses

This study assessed performance of the Ga District Mutual Health Insurance Scheme over the period 2007-2009. The desk review method was used to collect secondary data on membership coverage, revenue, expenditure, and claims settlement patterns of the scheme. A household survey was also conducted in the Madina Township by using a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire to determine community coverage of the scheme. The study showed membership coverage of 21.8% and community coverage of 22.2%. The main reasons why respondents had not registered with the scheme are that contributions are high and it does not offer the services needed. Financially, the scheme depended largely on subsidies and reinsurance from the National Health Insurance Authority for 89.8% of its revenue. Approximately 92% of the total revenue was spent on medical claims, and 99% of provider claims were settled beyond the stipulated 4-week period. There is an increasing trend in medical claims expenditure and lengthy delay in claims settlements, with most of them being paid beyond the mandatory 4-week period. Introduction of cost-containment measures including co-payment and capitation payment mechanism would be necessary to reduce the escalating cost of medical claims. Adherence to the 4-week stipulated period for payment of medical claims would be important to ensure that health care providers are financially resourced to deliver continuous health services to insured members. Furthermore, resourcing the scheme would be useful for speedy vetting of claims and also, community education on the National Health Insurance Scheme to improve membership coverage and revenue from the informal sector. Copyright © 2013, International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR). Published by Elsevier Inc.

The biology of color.

PubMed

Cuthill, Innes C; Allen, William L; Arbuckle, Kevin; Caspers, Barbara; Chaplin, George; Hauber, Mark E; Hill, Geoffrey E; Jablonski, Nina G; Jiggins, Chris D; Kelber, Almut; Mappes, Johanna; Marshall, Justin; Merrill, Richard; Osorio, Daniel; Prum, Richard; Roberts, Nicholas W; Roulin, Alexandre; Rowland, Hannah M; Sherratt, Thomas N; Skelhorn, John; Speed, Michael P; Stevens, Martin; Stoddard, Mary Caswell; Stuart-Fox, Devi; Talas, Laszlo; Tibbetts, Elizabeth; Caro, Tim

2017-08-04

Coloration mediates the relationship between an organism and its environment in important ways, including social signaling, antipredator defenses, parasitic exploitation, thermoregulation, and protection from ultraviolet light, microbes, and abrasion. Methodological breakthroughs are accelerating knowledge of the processes underlying both the production of animal coloration and its perception, experiments are advancing understanding of mechanism and function, and measurements of color collected noninvasively and at a global scale are opening windows to evolutionary dynamics more generally. Here we provide a roadmap of these advances and identify hitherto unrecognized challenges for this multi- and interdisciplinary field. Copyright © 2017 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.

The Role of Automation in Education: Now and in the Future

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scandura, Joseph M.

2010-01-01

According to Wikipedia "Automation is a step beyond mechanism." Whereas mechanization provided human operators with machinery to assist them with the muscular requirements of work, automation greatly reduces the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well. In this context, Artificial Intelligence (AI) was founded on the claim that a…

Unexpected findings and promoting monocausal claims, a cautionary tale.

PubMed

Copeland, Samantha Marie

2017-10-01

Stories of serendipitous discoveries in medicine incorrectly imply that the path from an unexpected observation to major discovery is straightforward or guaranteed. In this paper, I examine a case from the field of research about chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). In Norway, an unexpected positive result during clinical care has led to the development of a research programme into the potential for the immunosuppressant drug rituximab to relieve the symptoms of CFS. The media and public have taken up researchers' speculations that their research results indicate a causal mechanism for CFS - consequently, patients now have great hope that 'the cause' of CFS has been found, and thus, a cure is sure to follow. I argue that a monocausal claim cannot be correctly asserted, either on the basis of the single case of an unexpected, although positive, result or on the basis of the empirical research that has followed up on that result. Further, assertion and promotion of this claim will have specific harmful effects: it threatens to inappropriately narrow the scope of research on CFS, might misdirect research altogether, and could directly and indirectly harm patients. Therefore, the CFS case presents a cautionary tale, illustrating the risks involved in drawing a theoretical hypothesis from an unexpected observation. Further, I draw attention to the tendency in contemporary clinical research with CFS to promote new research directions on the basis of reductive causal models of that syndrome. Particularly, in the case of CFS research, underdetermination and causal complexity undermine the potential value of a monocausal claim. In sum, when an unexpected finding occurs in clinical practice or medical research, the value of following up on that finding is to be found not in the projected value of a singular causal relationship inferred from the finding but rather in the process of research that follows. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

75 FR 52597 - Availability of Interim Procedures for Federal External Review and Model Notices Relating to...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-26

... Availability of Interim Procedures for Federal External Review and Model Notices Relating to Internal Claims... procedures for the Federal external review process and model notices both for internal claims and appeals and... (3) A notice of final external review decision. Model language for the description of the internal...

75 FR 43922 - Interim Guidance for Determining Subject Matter Eligibility for Process Claims in View of Bilski...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-27

..., who do not routinely encounter claims that implicate the abstract idea exception. Under the principles... principles: Laws of nature, physical phenomena, and abstract ideas. See id. The Office has been using the so... marketing a product, comprising: Developing a shared marketing force, said shared marketing force including...

20 CFR 30.2 - In general, how have the tasks associated with the administration of EEOICPA claims process been...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... OFFICE OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION PROGRAMS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR ENERGY EMPLOYEES OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS COMPENSATION PROGRAM ACT OF 2000 CLAIMS FOR COMPENSATION UNDER THE ENERGY EMPLOYEES OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS... illnesses under Part B of the Act and covered illnesses under Part E of the Act. In addition, OWCP provides...

20 CFR 30.2 - In general, how have the tasks associated with the administration of EEOICPA claims process been...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... OFFICE OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION PROGRAMS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR ENERGY EMPLOYEES OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS COMPENSATION PROGRAM ACT OF 2000 CLAIMS FOR COMPENSATION UNDER THE ENERGY EMPLOYEES OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS... illnesses under Part B of the Act and covered illnesses under Part E of the Act. In addition, OWCP provides...

20 CFR 30.2 - In general, how have the tasks associated with the administration of EEOICPA claims process been...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... OFFICE OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION PROGRAMS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR ENERGY EMPLOYEES OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS COMPENSATION PROGRAM ACT OF 2000 CLAIMS FOR COMPENSATION UNDER THE ENERGY EMPLOYEES OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS... illnesses under Part B of the Act and covered illnesses under Part E of the Act. In addition, OWCP provides...

20 CFR 30.2 - In general, how have the tasks associated with the administration of EEOICPA claims process been...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... OFFICE OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION PROGRAMS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR ENERGY EMPLOYEES OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS COMPENSATION PROGRAM ACT OF 2000 CLAIMS FOR COMPENSATION UNDER THE ENERGY EMPLOYEES OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS... illnesses under Part B of the Act and covered illnesses under Part E of the Act. In addition, OWCP provides...

20 CFR 30.2 - In general, how have the tasks associated with the administration of EEOICPA claims process been...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... OFFICE OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION PROGRAMS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR ENERGY EMPLOYEES OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS COMPENSATION PROGRAM ACT OF 2000 CLAIMS FOR COMPENSATION UNDER THE ENERGY EMPLOYEES OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS... illnesses under Part B of the Act and covered illnesses under Part E of the Act. In addition, OWCP provides...

Too Much of a Good Thing: User Leadership at TPAC

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Connelly, Brett; Dalton, Tashia; Murphy, Derrick; Rosales, Daniel; Sudlow, Daniel; Havelka, Douglas

2016-01-01

TPAC is a small third party health claims business that was seeking avenues for revenue growth and opportunities to increase efficiency. One course of action that management selected to achieve these goals was a change in the software application used to process claims. The new application was adopted to increase the speed and accuracy of claims…

21 CFR 101.91 - Gluten-free labeling of food.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... that has not been processed to remove gluten (e.g., wheat flour); or (3) An ingredient that is derived... is below 20 ppm gluten (i.e., below 20 mg gluten per kg of food). (b) Requirements. (1) A food that... Nutrient Content Claims nor Health Claims § 101.91 Gluten-free labeling of food. (a) Definitions. (1) The...

Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974; rules and regulations for administration and enforcement; claims procedure. Final regulation; delay of applicability date.

PubMed

2001-07-09

This action delays for at least six months and not more than one year the applicability date for the regulation governing minimum requirements for benefit claims procedures of group health plans covered by Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act. As published on November 21, 2000, the benefit claims procedure would be applicable to claims filed on or after January 1, 2002. The current action amends the regulation so that it will apply to group health claims filed on or after the first day of the first plan year beginning on or after July 1, 2002, but in no event later than January 1, 2003. This action provides a limited additional period within which group health plan sponsors, administrators, and service providers can bring their claims processing systems into compliance with the new requirements. A postponement of the applicability date with respect to group health claims will allow a more orderly transition to the new standards and will avoid the confusion and additional expense that would be caused if certain pending Congressional bills are enacted before or soon after the original applicability date. This action does not apply to pension plans or plans providing disability or welfare benefits (other than group health). For these plans, the regulation will continue to be applicable to claims filed on or after January 1, 2002.

76 FR 37207 - Group Health Plans and Health Insurance Issuers: Rules Relating to Internal Claims and Appeals...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-24

...This document contains amendments to interim final regulations implementing the requirements regarding internal claims and appeals and external review processes for group health plans and health insurance coverage in the group and individual markets under provisions of the Affordable Care Act. These rules are intended to respond to feedback from a wide range of stakeholders on the interim final regulations and to assist plans and issuers in coming into full compliance with the law through an orderly and expeditious implementation process.

Change commitment in low-status merger partners: The role of information processing, relative ingroup prototypicality, and merger patterns.

PubMed

Rosa, Miriam; Kavanagh, Eithne; Kounov, Pavel; Jarosz, Sywlia; Waldzus, Sven; Collins, Elizabeth C; Giessner, Steffen

2017-09-01

Merger announcements cause stress among employees, often leading to low change commitment, especially among employees from the lower-status merger partner. Such stress influences how deeply employees process merger-relevant information. Previous research examined how merger patterns that preserve versus change status differences impact merger support, but did not address how employees' information processing may influence this relationship. The current research addresses this gap through a scenario experiment, focusing on the low-status merger partner. The interplay between merger patterns and information processing was examined regarding employees' prototypicality claims in relation to merger support. Results suggest that an integration-equality merger pattern increases change commitment via prototypicality claims in the new organization, conditional to employees' systematic information processing. © 2017 The British Psychological Society.

The effect of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) on health service delivery in mission facilities in Ghana: a retrospective study.

PubMed

Aryeetey, Genevieve Cecilia; Nonvignon, Justice; Amissah, Caroline; Buckle, Gilbert; Aikins, Moses

2016-06-07

In 2004, Ghana began implementation of a National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) to minimize out-of-pocket expenditure at the point of use of service. The implementation of the scheme was accompanied by increased access and use of health care services. Evidence suggests most health facilities are faced with management challenges in the delivery of services. The study aimed to assess the effect of the introduction of the NHIS on health service delivery in mission health facilities in Ghana. We conceptualised the effect of NHIS on facilities using service delivery indicators such as outpatient and inpatient turn out, estimation of general service readiness, revenue and expenditure, claims processing and availability of essential medicines. We collected data from 38 mission facilities, grouped into the three ecological zones; southern, middle and northern. Structured questionnaires and exit interviews were used to collect data for the periods 2003 and 2010. The data was analysed in SPSS and MS Excel. The facilities displayed high readiness to deliver services. There were significant increases in outpatient and inpatient attendance, revenue, expenditure and improved access to medicines. Generally, facilities reported increased readiness to deliver services. However, challenging issues around high rates of non-reimbursement of NHIS claims due to errors in claims processing, lack of feedback regarding errors, and lack of clarity on claims reporting procedures were reported. The implementation of the NHIS saw improvement and expansion of services resulting in benefits to the facilities as well as constraints. The constraints could be minimized if claims processing is improved at the facility level and delays in reimbursements also reduced.

Subpersonalities with dreaming functions in a patient with multiple personalities.

PubMed

Salley, R D

1988-02-01

A case report of the hypnotherapy and unusual dream work of a patient with multiple personality disorder is described. Two of his 13 personalities claimed a dream production function. These personalities claimed the ability to organize and create dreams in order to communicate with the host personality. In the course of therapy, clinical data are described that tend to support this claim. The data of this case are then briefly applied to some current models of dream function. Some dream theories with an information-processing and reprogramming emphasis are particularly supported by this case material.

Removing Sulphur Dioxide From Stack Gases

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Slack, A. V.

1973-01-01

Process types, process concepts, claims and counterclaims, cost factors, and the level of developed technology for sulfur dioxide control in stack gases are focused upon and evaluated. Wet and dry processes as well as recovery and throwaway processes are compared. (BL)

Modeling the Malaysian motor insurance claim using artificial neural network and adaptive NeuroFuzzy inference system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mohd Yunos, Zuriahati; Shamsuddin, Siti Mariyam; Ismail, Noriszura; Sallehuddin, Roselina

2013-04-01

Artificial neural network (ANN) with back propagation algorithm (BP) and ANFIS was chosen as an alternative technique in modeling motor insurance claims. In particular, an ANN and ANFIS technique is applied to model and forecast the Malaysian motor insurance data which is categorized into four claim types; third party property damage (TPPD), third party bodily injury (TPBI), own damage (OD) and theft. This study is to determine whether an ANN and ANFIS model is capable of accurately predicting motor insurance claim. There were changes made to the network structure as the number of input nodes, number of hidden nodes and pre-processing techniques are also examined and a cross-validation technique is used to improve the generalization ability of ANN and ANFIS models. Based on the empirical studies, the prediction performance of the ANN and ANFIS model is improved by using different number of input nodes and hidden nodes; and also various sizes of data. The experimental results reveal that the ANFIS model has outperformed the ANN model. Both models are capable of producing a reliable prediction for the Malaysian motor insurance claims and hence, the proposed method can be applied as an alternative to predict claim frequency and claim severity.

Seepage Bifurcation as a Critical Process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yi, R.; Rothman, D.

2015-12-01

Channel networks form beautiful and surprisingly intricate geometries, yet diligently evade comprehensive mathematical understanding. Work in recent years has shed light on this problem. Networks driven by seepage flow, in particular, have been shown to grow in a field that can be described by the Laplace equation, providing us with an understanding of valley growth and shape. However, the process by which such networks branch to form these ramified shapes is yet a mystery. We focus our attention on a highly ramified seepage valley network in Bristol, Florida. We study the behavior of flux to valley heads as a function of valley length, and use this result to motivate our discussion of branch formation. We then hypothesize that a critical groundwater flux demarcates a transition point where topographic diffusion is overcome by branching processes, and we present network-wide flux calculations, cosmogenic data, and simulation to support our claim. Our results ultimately suggest a mechanism for seepage bifurcation, and inform our understanding of pattern formation in river networks.

Non-Selective Lexical Access in Late Arabic-English Bilinguals: Evidence from Gating.

PubMed

Boudelaa, Sami

2018-02-07

Previous research suggests that late bilinguals who speak typologically distant languages are the least likely to show evidence of non-selective lexical access processes. This study puts this claim to test by using the gating task to determine whether words beginning with speech sounds that are phonetically similar in Arabic and English (e.g., [b,d,m,n]) give rise to selective or non-selective lexical access processes in late Arabic-English bilinguals. The results show that an acoustic-phonetic input (e.g., [bæ]) that is consistent with words in Arabic (e.g., [bædrun] "moon") and English (e.g., [bæd] "bad") activates lexical representations in both languages of the bilingual. This non-selective activation holds equally well for mixed lists with words from both Arabic and English and blocked lists consisting only of Arabic or English words. These results suggest that non-selective lexical access processes are the default mechanism even in late bilinguals of typologically distant languages.

Analysis of medication-related malpractice claims: causes, preventability, and costs.

PubMed

Rothschild, Jeffrey M; Federico, Frank A; Gandhi, Tejal K; Kaushal, Rainu; Williams, Deborah H; Bates, David W

2002-11-25

Adverse drug events (ADEs) may lead to serious injury and may result in malpractice claims. While ADEs resulting in claims are not representative of all ADEs, such data provide a useful resource for studying ADEs. Therefore, we conducted a review of medication-related malpractice claims to study their frequency, nature, and costs and to assess the human factor failures associated with preventable ADEs. We also assessed the potential benefits of proved effective ADE prevention strategies on ADE claims prevention. We conducted a retrospective analysis of a New England malpractice insurance company claims records from January 1, 1990, to December 31, 1999. Cases were electronically screened for possible ADEs and followed up by independent review of abstracts by 2 physician reviewers (T.K.G. and R.K.). Additional in-depth claims file reviews identified potential human factor failures associated with ADEs. Adverse drug events represented 6.3% (129/2040) of claims. Adverse drug events were judged preventable in 73% (n = 94) of the cases and were nearly evenly divided between outpatient and inpatient settings. The most frequently involved medication classes were antibiotics, antidepressants or antipsychotics, cardiovascular drugs, and anticoagulants. Among these ADEs, 46% were life threatening or fatal. System deficiencies and performance errors were the most frequent cause of preventable ADEs. The mean costs of defending malpractice claims due to ADEs were comparable for nonpreventable inpatient and outpatient ADEs and preventable outpatient ADEs (mean, $64,700-74,200), but costs were considerably greater for preventable inpatient ADEs (mean, $376,500). Adverse drug events associated with malpractice claims were often severe, costly, and preventable, and about half occurred in outpatients. Many interventions could potentially have prevented ADEs, with error proofing and process standardization covering the greatest proportion of events.

A diffusion model account of masked vs. unmasked priming: Are they qualitatively different?

PubMed Central

Gomez, Pablo; Perea, Manuel; Ratcliff, Roger

2017-01-01

In the past decades, hundreds of articles have explored the mechanisms underlying priming. Most researchers assume that masked and unmasked priming are qualitatively different. For masked priming, the effects are often assumed to reflect savings in the encoding of the target stimulus, whereas for unmasked priming, it has been suggested that the effects reflect the familiarity of the prime-target compound cue. In contrast, other researchers have claimed that masked and unmasked priming reflect essentially the same core processes. In this article, we use the diffusion model (Ratcliff, 1978) to account for the effects of masked and unmasked priming for identity and associatively related primes. The fits of the model lead us to the following conclusion: masked related primes give a head start to the processing of the target compared to unrelated primes, while unmasked priming affects primarily the quality of the lexical information. PMID:23647337

40 CFR 280.112 - Drawing on financial assurance mechanisms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... paid. The certification must be worded as follows, except that instructions in brackets are to be replaced with the relevant information and the brackets deleted: Certification of Valid Claim The...

A Statistical Perspective on Highly Accelerated Testing

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Thomas, Edward V.

Highly accelerated life testing has been heavily promoted at Sandia (and elsewhere) as a means to rapidly identify product weaknesses caused by flaws in the product's design or manufacturing process. During product development, a small number of units are forced to fail at high stress. The failed units are then examined to determine the root causes of failure. The identification of the root causes of product failures exposed by highly accelerated life testing can instigate changes to the product's design and/or manufacturing process that result in a product with increased reliability. It is widely viewed that this qualitative use ofmore » highly accelerated life testing (often associated with the acronym HALT) can be useful. However, highly accelerated life testing has also been proposed as a quantitative means for "demonstrating" the reliability of a product where unreliability is associated with loss of margin via an identified and dominating failure mechanism. It is assumed that the dominant failure mechanism can be accelerated by changing the level of a stress factor that is assumed to be related to the dominant failure mode. In extreme cases, a minimal number of units (often from a pre-production lot) are subjected to a single highly accelerated stress relative to normal use. If no (or, sufficiently few) units fail at this high stress level, some might claim that a certain level of reliability has been demonstrated (relative to normal use conditions). Underlying this claim are assumptions regarding the level of knowledge associated with the relationship between the stress level and the probability of failure. The primary purpose of this document is to discuss (from a statistical perspective) the efficacy of using accelerated life testing protocols (and, in particular, "highly accelerated" protocols) to make quantitative inferences concerning the performance of a product (e.g., reliability) when in fact there is lack-of-knowledge and uncertainty concerning the assumed relationship between the stress level and performance. In addition, this document contains recommendations for conducting more informative accelerated tests.« less

Relationship between stressfulness of claiming for injury compensation and long-term recovery: a prospective cohort study.

PubMed

Grant, Genevieve M; O'Donnell, Meaghan L; Spittal, Matthew J; Creamer, Mark; Studdert, David M

2014-04-01

Each year, millions of persons worldwide seek compensation for transport accident and workplace injuries. Previous research suggests that these claimants have worse long-term health outcomes than persons whose injuries fall outside compensation schemes. However, existing studies have substantial methodological weaknesses and have not identified which aspects of the claiming experience may drive these effects. To determine aspects of claims processes that claimants to transport accident and workers' compensation schemes find stressful and whether such stressful experiences are associated with poorer long-term recovery. Prospective cohort study of a random sample of 1010 patients hospitalized in 3 Australian states for injuries from 2004 through 2006. At 6-year follow-up, we interviewed 332 participants who had claimed compensation from transport accident and workers' compensation schemes ("claimants") to determine which aspects of the claiming experience they found stressful. We used multivariable regression analysis to test for associations between compensation-related stress and health status at 6 years, adjusting for baseline determinants of long-term health status and predisposition to stressful experiences (via propensity scores). Disability, quality of life, anxiety, and depression. Among claimants, 33.9% reported high levels of stress associated with understanding what they needed to do for their claim; 30.4%, with claim delays; 26.9%, with the number of medical assessments; and 26.1%, with the amount of compensation they received. Six years after their injury, claimants who reported high levels of stress had significantly higher levels of disability (+6.94 points, World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule sum score), anxiety and depression (+1.89 points and +2.61 points, respectively, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and lower quality of life (-0.73 points, World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument, overall item), compared with other claimants. Adjusting for claimants' vulnerability to stress attenuated the strength of these associations, but most remained strong and statistically significant. Many claimants experience high levels of stress from engaging with injury compensation schemes, and this experience is positively correlated with poor long-term recovery. Intervening early to boost resilience among those at risk of stressful claims experiences and redesigning compensation processes to reduce their stressfulness may improve recovery and save money.

20 CFR 405.725 - Effect of expedited appeals process agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... PROCESS FOR ADJUDICATING INITIAL DISABILITY CLAIMS Expedited Appeals Process for Constitutional Issues § 405.725 Effect of expedited appeals process agreement. After an expedited appeals process agreement is... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Effect of expedited appeals process agreement...

On the Biological Plausibility of Grandmother Cells: Implications for Neural Network Theories in Psychology and Neuroscience

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bowers, Jeffrey S.

2009-01-01

A fundamental claim associated with parallel distributed processing (PDP) theories of cognition is that knowledge is coded in a distributed manner in mind and brain. This approach rejects the claim that knowledge is coded in a localist fashion, with words, objects, and simple concepts (e.g. "dog"), that is, coded with their own dedicated…

Enhancing Financial Performance: An Application of Lean Six Sigma to Reduce Insurance Claim Denials.

PubMed

Kovach, Jamison V; Borikar, Shrutika

Health systems typically lose approximately 3% to 5% of net revenues annually due to insurance claim denials. While most denials can be appealed, the administrative burden of sorting through and appealing them can be time consuming and delays the revenue collection process. This article describes how the Lean Six Sigma methodology was used to improve the revenue cycle by reducing insurance claim denials for a leading pediatric hospital in the United States. The use of this approach is demonstrated through a case example focused on reducing denials by improving the hospital's Emergency Center registration process. Multiple pilot tests were performed to ensure the proposed changes sufficiently addressed the problem of missing/incomplete insurance information. Results indicated that the revised registration form reduced missing/incomplete fields by 67%. As a result, the revised form was implemented, which helped greatly reduce insurance claim denials. In addition to providing an example from which other health systems can learn to successfully implement Lean Six Sigma to enhance the performance of their revenue cycle, this work helped the hospital in which this research was performed improve its patient experience by making it easier for patients to complete their Emergency Center registration form.

Non-equilibrium dog-flea model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ackerson, Bruce J.

2017-11-01

We develop the open dog-flea model to serve as a check of proposed non-equilibrium theories of statistical mechanics. The model is developed in detail. Then it is applied to four recent models for non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. Comparison of the dog-flea solution with these different models allows checking claims and giving a concrete example of the theoretical models.

Do medical students generate sound arguments during small group discussions in problem-based learning?: an analysis of preclinical medical students' argumentation according to a framework of hypothetico-deductive reasoning.

PubMed

Ju, Hyunjung; Choi, Ikseon; Yoon, Bo Young

2017-06-01

Hypothetico-deductive reasoning (HDR) is an essential learning activity and a learning outcome in problem-based learning (PBL). It is important for medical students to engage in the HDR process through argumentation during their small group discussions in PBL. This study aimed to analyze the quality of preclinical medical students' argumentation according to each phase of HDR in PBL. Participants were 15 first-year preclinical students divided into two small groups. A set of three 2-hour discussion sessions from each of the two groups during a 1-week-long PBL unit on the cardiovascular system was audio-recorded. The arguments constructed by the students were analyzed using a coding scheme, which included four types of argumentation (Type 0: incomplete, Type 1: claim only, Type 2: claim with data, and Type 3: claim with data and warrant). The mean frequency of each type of argumentation according to each HDR phase across the two small groups was calculated. During small group discussions, Type 1 arguments were generated most often (frequency=120.5, 43%), whereas the least common were Type 3 arguments (frequency=24.5, 8.7%) among the four types of arguments. The results of this study revealed that the students predominantly made claims without proper justifications; they often omitted data for supporting their claims or did not provide warrants to connect the claims and data. The findings suggest instructional interventions to enhance the quality of medical students' arguments in PBL, including promoting students' comprehension of the structure of argumentation for HDR processes and questioning.

Darwinism in disguise? A comparison between Bohr's view on quantum mechanics and QBism.

PubMed

Faye, Jan

2016-05-28

The Copenhagen interpretation is first and foremost associated with Niels Bohr's philosophy of quantum mechanics. In this paper, I attempt to lay out what I see as Bohr's pragmatic approach to science in general and to quantum physics in particular. A part of this approach is his claim that the classical concepts are indispensable for our understanding of all physical phenomena, and it seems as if the claim is grounded in his reflection upon how the evolution of language is adapted to experience. Another, recent interpretation, QBism, has also found support in Darwin's theory. It may therefore not be surprising that sometimes QBism is said to be of the same breed as the Copenhagen interpretation. By comparing the two interpretations, I conclude, nevertheless, that there are important differences. © 2016 The Author(s).

Validation of 2D flood models with insurance claims

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zischg, Andreas Paul; Mosimann, Markus; Bernet, Daniel Benjamin; Röthlisberger, Veronika

2018-02-01

Flood impact modelling requires reliable models for the simulation of flood processes. In recent years, flood inundation models have been remarkably improved and widely used for flood hazard simulation, flood exposure and loss analyses. In this study, we validate a 2D inundation model for the purpose of flood exposure analysis at the river reach scale. We validate the BASEMENT simulation model with insurance claims using conventional validation metrics. The flood model is established on the basis of available topographic data in a high spatial resolution for four test cases. The validation metrics were calculated with two different datasets; a dataset of event documentations reporting flooded areas and a dataset of insurance claims. The model fit relating to insurance claims is in three out of four test cases slightly lower than the model fit computed on the basis of the observed inundation areas. This comparison between two independent validation data sets suggests that validation metrics using insurance claims can be compared to conventional validation data, such as the flooded area. However, a validation on the basis of insurance claims might be more conservative in cases where model errors are more pronounced in areas with a high density of values at risk.

Medical Professional Liability in Psychiatry.

PubMed

Martin-Fumadó, Carles; Gómez-Durán, Esperanza L; Rodríguez-Pazos, Manuel; Arimany-Manso, Josep

2015-01-01

The safety of patients and the risk of malpractice claims are overriding concerns in medicine and psychiatry. Claims for alleged malpractice in psychiatry managed by the Council of Colleges of Physicians of Catalonia between 1986 and 2009 were analyzed to evaluate their clinical and legal characteristics. Ninety-four malpractice claims were found in a 23-year period, mainly claims related to diagnosis (63.83%, including assessment of suicide risk) and the legal figure of serious professional negligence resulting in death (46.8%). Most claims were for hospital (62.77%), emergency (52.5%), and team (53.75%) care. The possible affected party was male (51.58%) with a mean age of 36.6 years. In one-half of the cases, the harm claimed was death. The cases involved 139 specialists, predominantly male (69.57%), with a mean age of 41 years, and of Spanish nationality (91.4%). The time between the medical act and the respective claim was 1.28 years and the time to resolution was 2.68 years. Most of the cases (77.66%) were processed through the courts. The outcome of the cases was filing or dismissal in 91 (95.77%), conviction in 2 (2.81%), and settlement in 1 (1.41%). The cumulative incidence of 0.013 claims (1.35%) in 23 years suggests that there is a very low risk of lawsuits in psychiatry, with a similarly low rate of sentences of professional liability and awards for financial compensation. Specific actions could improve clinical safety, particularly in suicide risk assessment.

Cooperation from Strength: The United States, China and the South China Sea

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

the top of its diplomatic and security agenda. Freedom of navigation is a universal concern, and mari- time cooperation and mechanisms for...calls for new multilateral mechanisms for advancing stability and commerce. However, the South China Sea has also become the epicenter of what...multilateral mechanisms for resolving differing claims in the South China Sea.8 In the decades ahead, the challenge for the United States will be

Engaging students in learning science through promoting creative reasoning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Waldrip, Bruce; Prain, Vaughan

2017-10-01

Student engagement in learning science is both a desirable goal and a long-standing teacher challenge. Moving beyond engagement understood as transient topic interest, we argue that cognitive engagement entails sustained interaction in the processes of how knowledge claims are generated, judged, and shared in this subject. In this paper, we particularly focus on the initial claim-building aspect of this reasoning as a crucial phase in student engagement. In reviewing the literature on student reasoning and argumentation, we note that the well-established frameworks for claim-judging are not matched by accounts of creative reasoning in claim-building. We develop an exploratory framework to characterise and enact this reasoning to enhance engagement. We then apply this framework to interpret two lessons by two science teachers where they aimed to develop students' reasoning capabilities to support learning.

20 CFR 405.701 - Expedited appeals process-general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Expedited appeals process-general. 405.701 Section 405.701 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW PROCESS FOR ADJUDICATING INITIAL DISABILITY CLAIMS Expedited Appeals Process for Constitutional Issues § 405.701 Expedited...

20 CFR 405.715 - Agreement in expedited appeals process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Agreement in expedited appeals process. 405.715 Section 405.715 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW PROCESS FOR ADJUDICATING INITIAL DISABILITY CLAIMS Expedited Appeals Process for Constitutional Issues § 405...

Challenging the 'view from nowhere': citizen reflections on specialist expertise in a deliberative process.

PubMed

Davies, Gail; Burgess, Jacquelin

2004-12-01

This paper presents analysis of citizen encounters with specialists in a deliberative process, called Deliberative Mapping, which explored options for addressing the shortage of organs for transplantation in the UK. There is a rich theoretical literature about the extent to which citizens are competent to question the knowledge claims of specialists in complex decision-making processes, suggesting the trustworthiness of scientific expertise will depend on the qualities of social interaction in face-to-face dialogue, but little empirical analysis of specific encounters. This paper presents evidence of how citizens located specialist expertise in making judgements about the legitimacy and credibility of specialist knowledge claims, in ways that reflect differences in epistemic procedures valued by the panels of men and women in this process.

Modelling stock order flows with non-homogeneous intensities from high-frequency data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gorshenin, Andrey K.; Korolev, Victor Yu.; Zeifman, Alexander I.; Shorgin, Sergey Ya.; Chertok, Andrey V.; Evstafyev, Artem I.; Korchagin, Alexander Yu.

2013-10-01

A micro-scale model is proposed for the evolution of such information system as the limit order book in financial markets. Within this model, the flows of orders (claims) are described by doubly stochastic Poisson processes taking account of the stochastic character of intensities of buy and sell orders that determine the price discovery mechanism. The proposed multiplicative model of stochastic intensities makes it possible to analyze the characteristics of the order flows as well as the instantaneous proportion of the forces of buyers and sellers, that is, the imbalance process, without modelling the external information background. The proposed model gives the opportunity to link the micro-scale (high-frequency) dynamics of the limit order book with the macro-scale models of stock price processes of the form of subordinated Wiener processes by means of limit theorems of probability theory and hence, to use the normal variance-mean mixture models of the corresponding heavy-tailed distributions. The approach can be useful in different areas with similar properties (e.g., in plasma physics).

Why are small and large numbers enumerated differently? A limited-capacity preattentive stage in vision.

PubMed

Trick, L M; Pylyshyn, Z W

1994-01-01

"Subitizing," the process of enumeration when there are fewer than 4 items, is rapid (40-100 ms/item), effortless, and accurate. "Counting," the process of enumeration when there are more than 4 items, is slow (250-350 ms/item), effortful, and error-prone. Why is there a difference in the way the small and large numbers of items are enumerated? A theory of enumeration is proposed that emerges from a general theory of vision, yet explains the numeric abilities of preverbal infants, children, and adults. We argue that subitizing exploits a limited-capacity parallel mechanism for item individuation, the FINST mechanism, associated with the multiple target tracking task (Pylyshyn, 1989; Pylyshyn & Storm, 1988). Two kinds of evidence support the claim that subitizing relies on preattentive information, whereas counting requires spatial attention. First, whenever spatial attention is needed to compute a spatial relation (cf. Ullman, 1984) or to perform feature integration (cf. Treisman & Gelade, 1980), subitizing does not occur (Trick & Pylyshyn, 1993a). Second, the position of the attentional focus, as manipulated by cue validity, has a greater effect on counting than subitizing latencies (Trick & Pylyshyn, 1993b).

At the interface of antioxidant signalling and cellular function: Key polyphenol effects

PubMed Central

Kerimi, Asimina

2016-01-01

The hypothesis that dietary (poly)phenols promote well‐being by improving chronic disease‐risk biomarkers, such as endothelial dysfunction, chronic inflammation and plasma uric acid, is the subject of intense current research, involving human interventions studies, animal models and in vitro mechanistic work. The original claim that benefits were due to the direct antioxidant properties of (poly)phenols has been mostly superseded by detailed mechanistic studies on specific molecular targets. Nevertheless, many proposed mechanisms in vivo and in vitro are due to modulation of oxidative processes, often involving binding to specific proteins and effects on cell signalling. We review the molecular mechanisms for 3 actions of (poly)phenols on oxidative processes where there is evidence in vivo from human intervention or animal studies. (1) Effects of (poly) phenols on pathways of chronic inflammation leading to prevention of some of the damaging effects associated with the metabolic syndrome. (2) Interaction of (poly)phenols with endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, leading to effects on blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction, and consequent reduction in cardiovascular disease risk. (3) The inhibition of xanthine oxidoreductase leading to modulation of intracellular superoxide and plasma uric acid, a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes. PMID:26887821

The Swedish system for compensation of patient injuries.

PubMed

Johansson, Henry

2010-05-01

Since 1975 Sweden has had a patient insurance system to compensate patients for health-related injuries. The system was initially based on a voluntary patient insurance solution, but in 1997 it was replaced by the Patient Insurance Act. The current Act covers both physical and mental injuries. Although about 9,000-10,000 cases are processed in Sweden annually, compensation is paid in barely half of these cases. In the Swedish patient injury claim processing system, the Patient Claims Panel is the authority that plays an important role in ensuring fair and consistent application of the Act.

Pathology-related cases in the Norwegian System of Patient Injury Compensation in the period 2010-2015.

PubMed

Alfsen, G Cecilie; Chen, Ying; Kähler, Hanne; Bukholm, Ida Rashida Khan

2016-12-01

The Norwegian System of Patient Injury Compensation (NPE) processes compensation claims from patients who complain about malpractice in the health services. A wrong diagnosis in pathology may cause serious injury to the patient, but the incidence of compensation claims is unknown, because pathology is not specified as a separate category in NPE’s statistics. Knowledge about errors is required to assess quality-enhancing measures. We have therefore searched through the NPE records to identify cases whose background stems from errors committed in pathology departments and laboratories. We have searched through the NPE records for cases related to pathology for the years 2010 – 2015. During this period the NPE processed a total of 26 600 cases, of which 93 were related to pathology. The compensation claim was upheld in 66 cases, resulting in total compensation payments amounting to NOK 63 million. False-negative results in the form of undetected diagnoses were the most frequent grounds for compensation claims (63 cases), with an undetected malignant melanoma (n = 23) or atypia in cell samples from the cervix uteri (n = 16) as the major groups. Sixteen cases involved non-diagnostic issues such as mix-up of samples (n = 8), contamination of samples (n = 4) or delayed responses (n = 4). The number of compensation claims caused by errors in pathology diagnostics is low in relative terms. The errors may, however, be of a serious nature, especially if malignant conditions are overlooked or samples mixed up.

Crystalline form of a neutrophil elastase inhibitor, 6-methyl-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-N-{[5-(methylsulfonyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2-oxo-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide p-toluene sulfonate - is it AZD-9668?: WO-2010094964.

PubMed

Norman, Peter

2011-02-01

This patent application claims a novel crystalline form (Form A) of a tosylate salt of a previously disclosed neutrophil elastase inhibitor. It also claims oral compositions of the salt and a process for the preparation of the crystalline form. The novel form is indicated to show improved physical properties relative to the free base. The claimed compound is evidently one of the elastase inhibitors currently being developed by AstraZeneca.

Juries and Medical Malpractice Claims: Empirical Facts versus Myths

PubMed Central

2008-01-01

Juries in medical malpractice trials are viewed as incompetent, antidoctor, irresponsible in awarding damages to patients, and casting a threatening shadow over the settlement process. Several decades of systematic empirical research yields little support for these claims. This article summarizes those findings. Doctors win about three cases of four that go to trial. Juries are skeptical about inflated claims. Jury verdicts on negligence are roughly similar to assessments made by medical experts and judges. Damage awards tend to correlate positively with the severity of injury. There are defensible reasons for large damage awards. Moreover, the largest awards are typically settled for much less than the verdicts. PMID:19002541

76 FR 65751 - Notice of intent to grant exclusive license

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-24

... the invention described and claimed in MFS-32870-1 ``Greener Electro-Mechanical Slide Valve'' to QM Power, Inc, having its principal place of business in Lee's Summit, MO. The intellectual property rights...

20 CFR 30.316 - How does the FAB issue a final decision on a claim?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false How does the FAB issue a final decision on a... Adjudicatory Process Hearings and Final Decisions on Claims § 30.316 How does the FAB issue a final decision on... waives any objections to all or part of the recommended decision, the FAB may issue a final decision...

The effect of community health worker-led education on women's health and treatment-seeking: A cluster randomised trial and nested process evaluation in Gujarat, India.

PubMed

Desai, Sapna; Mahal, Ajay; Sinha, Tara; Schellenberg, Joanna; Cousens, Simon

2017-12-01

A community-based health insurance scheme operated by the Self-Employed Women's Association in Gujarat, India reported that the leading reasons for inpatient hospitalisation claims by its members were diarrhoea, fever and hysterectomy - the latter at the average age of 37. This claims pattern raised concern regarding potentially unnecessary hospitalisation amongst low-income women. A cluster randomised trial and mixed methods process evaluation were designed to evaluate whether and how a community health worker-led education intervention amongst insured and uninsured adult women could reduce insurance claims, as well as hospitalisation and morbidity, related to diarrhoea, fever and hysterectomy. The 18-month intervention consisted of health workers providing preventive care information to women in a group setting in 14 randomly selected clusters, while health workers continued with regular activities in 14 comparison clusters. Claims data were collected from an administrative database, and four household surveys were conducted amongst a cohort of 1934 randomly selected adult women. 30% of insured women and 18% of uninsured women reported attending sessions. There was no evidence of an intervention effect on the primary outcome, insurance claims (risk ratio (RR) = 1.03; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81, 1.30) or secondary outcomes amongst insured and uninsured women, hospitalisation (RR = 1.05; 95% CI 0.58, 1.90) and morbidity (RR = 1.09; 95% CI 0.87, 1.38) related to the three conditions. The process evaluation suggested that participants retained knowledge from the sessions, but barriers to behaviour change were not overcome. We detected no evidence of an effect of this health worker-led intervention to decrease claims, hospitalisation and morbidity related to diarrhoea, fever and hysterectomy. Strategies that capitalise on health workers' role in the community and knowledge, as well as those that address the social determinants of diarrhoea, fever and the frequency of hysterectomy - such as water and sanitation infrastructure and access to primary gynaecological care - emerged as areas to strengthen future interventions.

Cultural evolution: The case of babies’ first names

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xi, Ning; Zhang, Zi-Ke; Zhang, Yi-Cheng; Ge, Zehui; She, Li; Zhang, Kui

2014-07-01

In social sciences, there is currently rare consensus on the underlying mechanism for cultural evolution, partially due to lack of suitable data. The evolution of first names of newborn babies offers a remarkable example for such researches. In this paper, we employ the historical data on baby names from the United States to investigate the evolutionary process of culture, in particular focusing on how inequality among baby names changes over time. Then we propose a stochastic model where individual choice is determined by both individual preference and social influence, and show that the decrease in the strength of social influence can account for all the observed empirical features. Therefore, we claim that the weakening of social influence drives cultural evolution.

Linear or Rotary Actuator Using Electromagnetic Driven Hammer as Prime Mover

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McMahan, Bert K. (Inventor); Sesler, Joshua J. (Inventor); Paine, Matthew T. (Inventor); McMahan, Mark C. (Inventor); Paine, Jeffrey S. N. (Inventor); Smith, Byron F. (Inventor)

2018-01-01

We claim a hammer driven actuator that uses the fast-motion, low-force characteristics of an electro-magnetic or similar prime mover to develop kinetic energy that can be transformed via a friction interface to produce a higher-force, lower-speed linear or rotary actuator by using a hammering process to produce a series of individual steps. Such a system can be implemented using a voice-coil, electro-mechanical solenoid or similar prime mover. Where a typical actuator provides limited range of motion or low force, the range of motion of a linear or rotary impact driven motor can be configured to provide large displacements which are not limited by the characteristic dimensions of the prime mover.

Learning to speak for nature: A case study of the development of scientists and their representational practices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Torralba, Jose Antonio (Tony)

This is an ethnographic study of how learning and development take place among a group of professional biologists as a result of their engagement with the material, representational, and interactional resources for constructing scientific claims. The study examines these processes through the everyday activities of a research project conducted by this group of biologists to understand different aspects of subterranean termites. As part of its ethnographic approach, this study offers extended descriptions of how biologists designed and organized resources across distinct settings (e.g., field sites, laboratories, and meeting rooms) as they attempt to produce scientific claims. As part of its developmental approach, the study examines how individuals and their representational practices changed as a result of engagement with the claim-making process. By examining the everyday practices of biologists inside of a laboratory, this study attempts to highlight elements of disciplinary context and practice that play an important role in how individuals learn and develop disciplinary competence. The study offers a developmental model of how individuals and their representational practices change in virtue of each other as these individuals engage in the claim-making process. The study attends to the various ways scientists actually know, learn, and become competent in a discipline like entomology (the study of insects) with the intent of finding out what should be considered in designing learning environments within the science for those beginning to engage with the subject matter.

Serial and Free Recall: Common Effects and Common Mechanisms? A Reply to Murdock (2008)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Gordon D. A.; Chater, Nick; Neath, Ian

2008-01-01

Reply to comments on an article "Issues With the SIMPLE Model: Comment on Brown, Neath, and Chater" (2007) by Bennet Murdock on the current authors' original article "A temporal ratio model of memory" by Brown, Neath, and Chater. Does a single mechanism underpin serial and free recall? B. Murdock (2008) argued against the claim, embodied in the…

Children Do Show Negative Priming: Further Evidence for Early Development of an Intact Selective Control Mechanism

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Frings, Christian; Feix, Silke; Rothig, Ulrike; Bruser, Charlotte; Junge, Miriam

2007-01-01

Reactions to stimuli that were shortly before presented as distractors are usually slowed down; this phenomenon is known as negative priming. Negative priming is an accepted index for tapping into selective control mechanisms. Although this effect is well established for adults, it has been claimed that children do not show negative priming.…

Does the inherence heuristic take us to psychological essentialism?

PubMed

Marmodoro, Anna; Murphy, Robin A; Baker, A G

2014-10-01

We argue that the claim that essence-based causal explanations emerge, hydra-like, from an inherence heuristic is incomplete. No plausible mechanism for the transition from concrete properties, or cues, to essences is provided. Moreover, the fundamental shotgun and storytelling mechanisms of the inherence heuristic are not clearly enough specified to distinguish them, developmentally, from associative or causal networks.

Teaching argumentation and scientific discourse using the ribosomal peptidyl transferase reaction.

PubMed

Johnson, R Jeremy

2011-01-01

Argumentation and discourse are two integral parts of scientific investigation that are often overlooked in undergraduate science education. To address this limitation, the story of peptide bond formation by the ribosome can be used to illustrate the importance of evidence, claims, arguments, and counterarguments in scientific discourse. With the determination of the first structure of the large ribosomal subunit bound to a transition state inhibitor came an initial hypothesis about the role of the ribosome in peptide bond formation. This initial hypothesis was based on a few central assumptions about the transition state mimic and acid-base catalysis by serine proteases. The initial proposed mechanism started a flurry of scientific discourse in experimental articles and commentaries that tested the validity of the initial proposed mechanism. Using this civil argumentation as a guide, class discussions, assignments, and a debate were designed that allow students to analyze and question the claims and evidence about the mechanism of peptide bond synthesis. In the end, students develop a sense of critical skepticism, and an understanding of scientific discourse, while learning about the current consensus mechanism for peptide bond synthesis. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 185-190, 2011. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

42 CFR 431.806 - State plan requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... processing assessment system. Except in a State that has an approved Medicaid Management Information System... Medicaid quality control claims processing assessment system that meets the requirements of §§ 431.830...

Primary care closed claims experience of Massachusetts malpractice insurers.

PubMed

Schiff, Gordon D; Puopolo, Ann Louise; Huben-Kearney, Anne; Yu, Winnie; Keohane, Carol; McDonough, Peggy; Ellis, Bonnie R; Bates, David W; Biondolillo, Madeleine

Despite prior focus on high-impact inpatient cases, there are increasing data and awareness that malpractice in the outpatient setting, particularly in primary care, is a leading contributor to malpractice risk and claims. To study patterns of primary care malpractice types, causes, and outcomes as part of a Massachusetts ambulatory malpractice risk and safety improvement project. Retrospective review of pooled closed claims data of 2 malpractice carriers covering most Massachusetts physicians during a 5-year period (January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2009). Data were harmonized between the 2 insurers using a standardized taxonomy. Primary care practices in Massachusetts. All malpractice claims that involved primary care practices insured by the 2 largest insurers in the state were screened. A total of 551 claims from primary care practices were identified for the analysis. Numbers and types of claims, including whether claims involved primary care physicians or practices; classification of alleged malpractice (eg, misdiagnosis or medication error); patient diagnosis; breakdown in care process; and claim outcome (dismissed, settled, verdict for plaintiff, or verdict for defendant). During a 5-year period there were 7224 malpractice claims of which 551 (7.7%) were from primary care practices. Allegations were related to diagnosis in 397 (72.1%), medications in 68 (12.3%), other medical treatment in 41 (7.4%), communication in 15 (2.7%), patient rights in 11 (2.0%), and patient safety or security in 8 (1.5%). Leading diagnoses were cancer (n = 190), heart diseases (n = 43), blood vessel diseases (n = 27), infections (n = 22), and stroke (n = 16). Primary care cases were significantly more likely to be settled (35.2% vs 20.5%) or result in a verdict for the plaintiff (1.6% vs 0.9%) compared with non-general medical malpractice claims (P < .001). In Massachusetts, most primary care claims filed are related to alleged misdiagnosis. Compared with malpractice allegations in other settings, primary care ambulatory claims appear to be more difficult to defend, with more cases settled or resulting in a verdict for the plaintiff.

In Vitro Analysis of the Fracture Resistance of CAD/CAM Denture Base Resins.

PubMed

Steinmassl, Otto; Offermanns, Vincent; Stöckl, Wolfgang; Dumfahrt, Herbert; Grunert, Ingrid; Steinmassl, Patricia-Anca

2018-03-08

Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) denture base manufacturers claim to produce their resin pucks under high heat and pressure. Therefore, CAD/CAM dentures are assumed to have enhanced mechanical properties and, as a result, are often produced with lower denture base thicknesses than conventional, manually fabricated dentures. The aim of this study was to investigate if commercially available CAD/CAM denture base resins have more favourable mechanical properties than conventionally processed denture base resins. For this purpose, a series of three-point bending tests conforming to ISO specifications were performed on a total of 80 standardised, rectangular CAD/CAM denture base resin specimens from five different manufacturers (AvaDent, Baltic Denture System, Vita VIONIC, Whole You Nexteeth, and Wieland Digital Dentures). A heat-polymerising resin and an autopolymerising resin served as the control groups. The breaking load, fracture toughness, and the elastic modulus were assessed. Additionally, the fracture surface roughness and texture were investigated. Only one CAD/CAM resin showed a significantly increased breaking load. Two CAD/CAM resins had a significantly higher fracture toughness than the control groups, and all CAD/CAM resins had higher elastic moduli than the controls. Our results indicate that CAD/CAM denture base resins do not generally have better mechanical properties than manually processed resins. Therefore, the lower minimum denture base thicknesses should be regarded with some caution.

In Vitro Analysis of the Fracture Resistance of CAD/CAM Denture Base Resins

PubMed Central

Stöckl, Wolfgang; Dumfahrt, Herbert; Grunert, Ingrid

2018-01-01

Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) denture base manufacturers claim to produce their resin pucks under high heat and pressure. Therefore, CAD/CAM dentures are assumed to have enhanced mechanical properties and, as a result, are often produced with lower denture base thicknesses than conventional, manually fabricated dentures. The aim of this study was to investigate if commercially available CAD/CAM denture base resins have more favourable mechanical properties than conventionally processed denture base resins. For this purpose, a series of three-point bending tests conforming to ISO specifications were performed on a total of 80 standardised, rectangular CAD/CAM denture base resin specimens from five different manufacturers (AvaDent, Baltic Denture System, Vita VIONIC, Whole You Nexteeth, and Wieland Digital Dentures). A heat-polymerising resin and an autopolymerising resin served as the control groups. The breaking load, fracture toughness, and the elastic modulus were assessed. Additionally, the fracture surface roughness and texture were investigated. Only one CAD/CAM resin showed a significantly increased breaking load. Two CAD/CAM resins had a significantly higher fracture toughness than the control groups, and all CAD/CAM resins had higher elastic moduli than the controls. Our results indicate that CAD/CAM denture base resins do not generally have better mechanical properties than manually processed resins. Therefore, the lower minimum denture base thicknesses should be regarded with some caution. PMID:29518022

Kafka, paranoic doubles and the brain: hypnagogic vs. hyper-reflexive models of disrupted self in neuropsychiatric disorders and anomalous conscious states

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Kafka's writings are frequently interpreted as representing the historical period of modernism in which he was writing. Little attention has been paid, however, to the possibility that his writings may reflect neural mechanisms in the processing of self during hypnagogic (i.e., between waking and sleep) states. Kafka suffered from dream-like, hypnagogic hallucinations during a sleep-deprived state while writing. This paper discusses reasons (phenomenological and neurobiological) why the self projects an imaginary double (autoscopy) in its spontaneous hallucinations and how Kafka's writings help to elucidate the underlying cognitive and neural mechanisms. I further discuss how the proposed mechanisms may be relevant to understanding paranoid delusions in schizophrenia. Literature documents and records cognitive and neural processes of self with an intimacy that may be otherwise unavailable to neuroscience. To elucidate this approach, I contrast it with the apparently popularizing view that the symptoms of schizophrenia result from what has been called an operative (i.e., pre-reflective) hyper-reflexivity. The latter approach claims that pre-reflective self-awareness (diminished in schizophrenia) pervades all conscious experience (however, in a manner that remains unverifiable for both phenomenological and experimental methods). This contribution argues the opposite: the "self" informs our hypnagogic imagery precisely to the extent that we are not self-aware. PMID:20727134

A study of the additional costs of dispensing workers' compensation prescriptions.

PubMed

Schafermeyer, Kenneth W

2007-03-01

Although there is a significant amount of additional work involved in dispensing workers' compensation prescriptions, these costs have not been quantified. A study of the additional costs to dispense a workers' compensation prescription is needed to measure actual costs and to help determine the reasonableness of reimbursement for prescriptions dispensed under workers' compensation programs. The purpose of this study was to determine the minimum additional time and costs required to dispense workers' compensation prescriptions in Texas. A convenience sample of 30 store-level pharmacy staff members involved in submitting and processing prescription claims for the Texas Mutual workers' compensation program were interviewed by telephone. Data collected to determine the additional costs of dispensing a workers' compensation prescription included (1) the amount of additional time and personnel costs required to dispense and process an average workers' compensation prescription claim, (2) the difference in time required for a new versus a refilled prescription, (3) overhead costs for processing workers' compensation prescription claims by experienced experts at a central processing facility, (4) carrying costs for workers' compensation accounts receivable, and (5) bad debts due to uncollectible workers' compensation claims. The median of the sample pharmacies' additional costs for dispensing a workers' compensation prescription was estimated to be at least $9.86 greater than for a cash prescription. This study shows that the estimated costs for workers' compensation prescriptions were significantly higher than for cash prescriptions. These costs are probably much more than most employers, workers' compensation payers, and pharmacy managers would expect. It is recommended that pharmacy managers should estimate their own costs and compare these costs to actual reimbursement when considering the reasonableness of workers' compensation prescriptions and whether to accept these prescriptions.

Quantum Mechanics: Myths and Facts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nikolić, Hrvoje

2007-11-01

A common understanding of quantum mechanics (QM) among students and practical users is often plagued by a number of “myths”, that is, widely accepted claims on which there is not really a general consensus among experts in foundations of QM. These myths include wave-particle duality, time-energy uncertainty relation, fundamental randomness, the absence of measurement-independent reality, locality of QM, nonlocality of QM, the existence of well-defined relativistic QM, the claims that quantum field theory (QFT) solves the problems of relativistic QM or that QFT is a theory of particles, as well as myths on black-hole entropy. The fact is that the existence of various theoretical and interpretational ambiguities underlying these myths does not yet allow us to accept them as proven facts. I review the main arguments and counterarguments lying behind these myths and conclude that QM is still a not-yet-completely-understood theory open to further fundamental research.

Making Peer-Assisted Content Distribution Robust to Collusion Using Bandwidth Puzzles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reiter, Michael K.; Sekar, Vyas; Spensky, Chad; Zhang, Zhenghao

Many peer-assisted content-distribution systems reward a peer based on the amount of data that this peer serves to others. However, validating that a peer did so is, to our knowledge, an open problem; e.g., a group of colluding attackers can earn rewards by claiming to have served content to one another, when they have not. We propose a puzzle mechanism to make contribution-aware peer-assisted content distribution robust to such collusion. Our construction ties solving the puzzle to possession of specific content and, by issuing puzzle challenges simultaneously to all parties claiming to have that content, our mechanism prevents one content-holder from solving many others' puzzles. We prove (in the random oracle model) the security of our scheme, describe our integration of bandwidth puzzles into a media streaming system, and demonstrate the resulting attack resilience via simulations.

Intelligent Membranes: Dream or Reality?

PubMed

Gugliuzza, Annarosa

2013-07-15

Intelligent materials are claimed to overcome current drawbacks associated with the attainment of high standards of life, health, security and defense. Membrane-based sensors represent a category of smart systems capable of providing a large number of benefits to different markets of textiles, biomedicine, environment, chemistry, agriculture, architecture, transport and energy. Intelligent membranes can be characterized by superior sensitivity, broader dynamic range and highly sophisticated mechanisms of autorecovery. These prerogatives are regarded as the result of multi-compartment arrays, where complementary functions can be accommodated and well-integrated. Based on the mechanism of "sense to act", stimuli-responsive membranes adapt themselves to surrounding environments, producing desired effects such as smart regulation of transport, wetting, transcription, hydrodynamics, separation, and chemical or energy conversion. Hopefully, the design of new smart devices easier to manufacture and assemble can be realized through the integration of sensing membranes with wireless networks, looking at the ambitious challenge to establish long-distance communications. Thus, the transfer of signals to collecting systems could allow continuous and real-time monitoring of data, events and/or processes.

The Newton constant and gravitational waves in some vector field adjusting mechanisms

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Santillán, Osvaldo P.; Scornavacche, Marina, E-mail: firenzecita@hotmail.com, E-mail: marina.scorna@hotmail.com

At the present, there exist some Lorentz breaking scenarios which explain the smallness of the cosmological constant at the present era [1]–[2]. An important aspect to analyze is the propagation of gravitational waves and the screening or enhancement of the Newton constant G {sub N} in these models. The problem is that the Lorentz symmetry breaking terms may induce an unacceptable value of the Newton constant G {sub N} or introduce longitudinal modes in the gravitational wave propagation. Furthermore this breaking may spoil the standard dispersion relation ω= ck . In [3] the authors have presented a model suggesting thatmore » the behavior of the gravitational constant is correct for asymptotic times. In the present work, an explicit checking is made and we finally agree with these claims. Furthermore, it is suggested that the gravitational waves are also well behaved for large times. In the process, some new models with the same behavior are obtained, thus enlarging the list of possible adjustment mechanisms.« less