Sample records for medically needy program

  1. The demise of Oregon's Medically Needy program: effects of losing prescription drug coverage.

    PubMed

    Zerzan, Judy; Edlund, Tina; Krois, Lisa; Smith, Jeanene

    2007-06-01

    In January 2003, people covered by Oregon's Medically Needy program lost benefits owing to state budget shortfalls. The Medically Needy program is a federally matched optional Medicaid program. In Oregon, this program mainly provided prescription drug benefits. To describe the Medically Needy population and determine how benefit loss affected this population's health and prescription use. A 49-question telephone survey instrument created by the research team and administered by a research contractor. A random sample of 1,269 eligible enrollees in Oregon's Medically Needy Program. Response rate was 35% with 439 individuals, ages 21-91 and 64% women, completing the survey. Demographics, health information, and medication use at the time of the survey obtained from the interview. Medication use during the program obtained from administrative data. In the 6 months after the Medically Needy program ended, 75% had skipped or stopped medications. Sixty percent of the respondents had cut back on their food budget, 47% had borrowed money, and 49% had skipped paying other bills to pay for medications. By self-report, there was no significant difference in emergency department visits, but a significant decrease in hospitalizations comparing 6 months before and after losing the program. Two-thirds of respondents rated their current health as poor or fair. The Medically Needy program provided coverage for a low-income, chronically ill population. Since its termination, enrollees have decreased prescription drug use and increased financial burden. As states make program changes and Medicare Part D evolves, effects on vulnerable populations must be considered.

  2. 42 CFR 436.840 - Medically needy resource standard: General requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... THE VIRGIN ISLANDS Financial Requirements for the Medically Needy Medically Needy Resource Standard... eligibility under the cash assistance programs that are related to the State's covered medically needy group or groups of individuals under § 436.301. (b) The resource standard established under paragraph (a...

  3. 42 CFR 440.220 - Required services for the medically needy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Required services for the medically needy. 440.220 Section 440.220 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS SERVICES: GENERAL PROVISIONS Requirements and Limits Applicable to All Services § 440.220 Require...

  4. 42 CFR 440.220 - Required services for the medically needy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Required services for the medically needy. 440.220 Section 440.220 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS SERVICES: GENERAL PROVISIONS Requirements and Limits Applicable to All Services § 440.220 Require...

  5. 42 CFR 440.220 - Required services for the medically needy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Required services for the medically needy. 440.220 Section 440.220 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS SERVICES: GENERAL PROVISIONS Requirements and Limits Applicable to All Services § 440.220 Require...

  6. 42 CFR 440.220 - Required services for the medically needy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Required services for the medically needy. 440.220 Section 440.220 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS SERVICES: GENERAL PROVISIONS Requirements and Limits Applicable to All Services § 440.220 Require...

  7. 42 CFR 440.220 - Required services for the medically needy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Required services for the medically needy. 440.220 Section 440.220 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS SERVICES: GENERAL PROVISIONS Requirements and Limits Applicable to All Services § 440.220 Require...

  8. 42 CFR 436.814 - Medically needy income standard: State plan requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... THE VIRGIN ISLANDS Financial Requirements for the Medically Needy Medically Needy Income Standard... income standard for the covered medically needy groups. [58 FR 4938, Jan. 19, 1993] Medically Needy...

  9. 42 CFR 435.1007 - Categorically needy, medically needy, and qualified Medicare beneficiaries.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Categorically needy, medically needy, and qualified Medicare beneficiaries. 435.1007 Section 435.1007 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES... Limitations on Ffp § 435.1007 Categorically needy, medically needy, and qualified Medicare beneficiaries. (a...

  10. 42 CFR 436.322 - Medically needy coverage of the disabled.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Medically needy coverage of the disabled. 436.322... Optional Coverage of the Medically Needy § 436.322 Medically needy coverage of the disabled. If the agency provides Medicaid to the medically needy, it may provide Medicaid to disabled individuals who meet— (a) The...

  11. 42 CFR 436.322 - Medically needy coverage of the disabled.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Medically needy coverage of the disabled. 436.322... Optional Coverage of the Medically Needy § 436.322 Medically needy coverage of the disabled. If the agency provides Medicaid to the medically needy, it may provide Medicaid to disabled individuals who meet— (a) The...

  12. 42 CFR 436.322 - Medically needy coverage of the disabled.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Medically needy coverage of the disabled. 436.322... Optional Coverage of the Medically Needy § 436.322 Medically needy coverage of the disabled. If the agency provides Medicaid to the medically needy, it may provide Medicaid to disabled individuals who meet— (a) The...

  13. 42 CFR 436.322 - Medically needy coverage of the disabled.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Medically needy coverage of the disabled. 436.322... Optional Coverage of the Medically Needy § 436.322 Medically needy coverage of the disabled. If the agency provides Medicaid to the medically needy, it may provide Medicaid to disabled individuals who meet— (a) The...

  14. 42 CFR 436.322 - Medically needy coverage of the disabled.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Medically needy coverage of the disabled. 436.322... Optional Coverage of the Medically Needy § 436.322 Medically needy coverage of the disabled. If the agency provides Medicaid to the medically needy, it may provide Medicaid to disabled individuals who meet— (a) The...

  15. 42 CFR 436.321 - Medically needy coverage of the blind.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Medically needy coverage of the blind. 436.321... Optional Coverage of the Medically Needy § 436.321 Medically needy coverage of the blind. If the agency provides Medicaid to the medically needy, it may provide Medicaid to blind individuals who meet— (a) The...

  16. 42 CFR 436.321 - Medically needy coverage of the blind.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Medically needy coverage of the blind. 436.321... Optional Coverage of the Medically Needy § 436.321 Medically needy coverage of the blind. If the agency provides Medicaid to the medically needy, it may provide Medicaid to blind individuals who meet— (a) The...

  17. 42 CFR 436.321 - Medically needy coverage of the blind.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Medically needy coverage of the blind. 436.321... Optional Coverage of the Medically Needy § 436.321 Medically needy coverage of the blind. If the agency provides Medicaid to the medically needy, it may provide Medicaid to blind individuals who meet— (a) The...

  18. 42 CFR 436.321 - Medically needy coverage of the blind.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Medically needy coverage of the blind. 436.321... Optional Coverage of the Medically Needy § 436.321 Medically needy coverage of the blind. If the agency provides Medicaid to the medically needy, it may provide Medicaid to blind individuals who meet— (a) The...

  19. 42 CFR 436.321 - Medically needy coverage of the blind.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Medically needy coverage of the blind. 436.321... Optional Coverage of the Medically Needy § 436.321 Medically needy coverage of the blind. If the agency provides Medicaid to the medically needy, it may provide Medicaid to blind individuals who meet— (a) The...

  20. 42 CFR 436.843 - Medically needy resource standard: State plan requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... THE VIRGIN ISLANDS Financial Requirements for the Medically Needy Medically Needy Resource Standard... resource standard for the covered medically needy groups. [58 FR 4938, Jan. 19, 1993] Determining...

  1. 42 CFR 435.324 - Medically needy coverage of the disabled in States that cover individuals receiving SSI.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Medically needy coverage of the disabled in States... Coverage of the Medically Needy § 435.324 Medically needy coverage of the disabled in States that cover... the medically needy, it may provide Medicaid to disabled individuals who meet— (a) The requirements...

  2. 42 CFR 435.324 - Medically needy coverage of the disabled in States that cover individuals receiving SSI.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Medically needy coverage of the disabled in States... Coverage of the Medically Needy § 435.324 Medically needy coverage of the disabled in States that cover... the medically needy, it may provide Medicaid to disabled individuals who meet— (a) The requirements...

  3. 42 CFR 435.324 - Medically needy coverage of the disabled in States that cover individuals receiving SSI.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Medically needy coverage of the disabled in States... Coverage of the Medically Needy § 435.324 Medically needy coverage of the disabled in States that cover... the medically needy, it may provide Medicaid to disabled individuals who meet— (a) The requirements...

  4. 42 CFR 435.324 - Medically needy coverage of the disabled in States that cover individuals receiving SSI.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Medically needy coverage of the disabled in States... Coverage of the Medically Needy § 435.324 Medically needy coverage of the disabled in States that cover... the medically needy, it may provide Medicaid to disabled individuals who meet— (a) The requirements...

  5. 42 CFR 435.324 - Medically needy coverage of the disabled in States that cover individuals receiving SSI.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Medically needy coverage of the disabled in States... Coverage of the Medically Needy § 435.324 Medically needy coverage of the disabled in States that cover... the medically needy, it may provide Medicaid to disabled individuals who meet— (a) The requirements...

  6. 42 CFR 435.322 - Medically needy coverage of the blind in States that cover individuals receiving SSI.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Medically needy coverage of the blind in States... Coverage of the Medically Needy § 435.322 Medically needy coverage of the blind in States that cover... the medically needy, it may provide Medicaid to blind individuals who meet— (a) The requirements for...

  7. 42 CFR 435.322 - Medically needy coverage of the blind in States that cover individuals receiving SSI.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Medically needy coverage of the blind in States... Coverage of the Medically Needy § 435.322 Medically needy coverage of the blind in States that cover... the medically needy, it may provide Medicaid to blind individuals who meet— (a) The requirements for...

  8. 42 CFR 435.322 - Medically needy coverage of the blind in States that cover individuals receiving SSI.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Medically needy coverage of the blind in States... Coverage of the Medically Needy § 435.322 Medically needy coverage of the blind in States that cover... the medically needy, it may provide Medicaid to blind individuals who meet— (a) The requirements for...

  9. 42 CFR 435.322 - Medically needy coverage of the blind in States that cover individuals receiving SSI.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Medically needy coverage of the blind in States... Coverage of the Medically Needy § 435.322 Medically needy coverage of the blind in States that cover... the medically needy, it may provide Medicaid to blind individuals who meet— (a) The requirements for...

  10. 42 CFR 435.322 - Medically needy coverage of the blind in States that cover individuals receiving SSI.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Medically needy coverage of the blind in States... Coverage of the Medically Needy § 435.322 Medically needy coverage of the blind in States that cover... the medically needy, it may provide Medicaid to blind individuals who meet— (a) The requirements for...

  11. States With Medically Needy Pathways: Differences in Long-Term and Temporary Medicaid Entry for Low-Income Medicare Beneficiaries.

    PubMed

    Keohane, Laura M; Trivedi, Amal; Mor, Vincent

    2017-10-01

    Medically needy pathways may provide temporary catastrophic coverage for low-income Medicare beneficiaries who do not otherwise qualify for full Medicaid benefits. Between January 2009 and June 2010, states with medically needy pathways had a higher percentage of low-income beneficiaries join Medicaid than states without such programs (7.5% vs. 4.1%, p < .01). However, among new full Medicaid participants, living in a state with a medically needy pathway was associated with a 3.8 percentage point (adjusted 95% confidence interval [1.8, 5.8]) increase in the probability of switching to partial Medicaid and a 4.5 percentage point (adjusted 95% confidence interval [2.9, 6.2]) increase in the probability of exiting Medicaid within 12 months. The predicted risk of leaving Medicaid was greatest when new Medicaid participants used only hospital services, rather than nursing home services, in their first month of Medicaid benefits. Alternative strategies for protecting low-income Medicare beneficiaries' access to care could provide more stable coverage.

  12. 42 CFR 436.811 - Medically needy income standard: General requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... THE VIRGIN ISLANDS Financial Requirements for the Medically Needy Medically Needy Income Standard... groups that meets the requirements of this section. (b) The income standard must take into account the... the State's covered medically needy group or groups of individuals under § 436.301. (d) The income...

  13. Medicaid program; deduction of incurred medical expenses (spenddown)--HCFA. Final rule with comment period.

    PubMed

    1994-01-12

    This final rule with comment period permits States flexibility to revise the process by which incurred medical expenses are considered to reduce an individual's or family's income to become Medicaid eligible. This process is commonly referred to as "spenddown." Only States which cover the medically needy, and States which use more restrictive criteria to determine eligibility of the aged, blind, and disabled, than the criteria used to determine eligibility for Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits (section 1902(f) States) have a spenddown. These revisions permit States to: Consider as incurred medical expenses projected institutional expenses at the Medicaid reimbursement rate, and deduct those projected expenses from income in determining eligibility; combine the retroactive and prospective medically needy budget periods; either include or exclude medical expenses incurred earlier than the third month before the month of application (States must, however, deduct current payments on old bills not previously deducted in any budget period); and deduct incurred medical expenses from income in the order in which the services were provided, in the order each bill is submitted to the agency, by type of service. All States with medically needy programs using the criteria of the SS program may implement any of the provisions. States using more restrict criteria than the SSI program under section 1902(f) of the Social Security Act may implement all of these provisions except for the option to exclude medical expenses incurred earlier than the third month before the month of application.

  14. 42 CFR 436.308 - Medically needy coverage of individuals under age 21.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... THE VIRGIN ISLANDS Optional Coverage of the Medically Needy § 436.308 Medically needy coverage of... (b) of this section: (1) Who would not be covered under the mandatory medically needy group of... nursing facility services are provided under the plan to individuals within the age group selected under...

  15. 42 CFR 435.340 - Protected medically needy coverage for blind and disabled individuals eligible in December 1973.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Protected medically needy coverage for blind and disabled individuals eligible in December 1973. 435.340 Section 435.340 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE... Coverage of the Medically Needy § 435.340 Protected medically needy coverage for blind and disabled...

  16. 42 CFR 435.340 - Protected medically needy coverage for blind and disabled individuals eligible in December 1973.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Protected medically needy coverage for blind and disabled individuals eligible in December 1973. 435.340 Section 435.340 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE... Coverage of the Medically Needy § 435.340 Protected medically needy coverage for blind and disabled...

  17. 42 CFR 435.340 - Protected medically needy coverage for blind and disabled individuals eligible in December 1973.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Protected medically needy coverage for blind and disabled individuals eligible in December 1973. 435.340 Section 435.340 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE... Coverage of the Medically Needy § 435.340 Protected medically needy coverage for blind and disabled...

  18. 42 CFR 435.340 - Protected medically needy coverage for blind and disabled individuals eligible in December 1973.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Protected medically needy coverage for blind and disabled individuals eligible in December 1973. 435.340 Section 435.340 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE... Coverage of the Medically Needy § 435.340 Protected medically needy coverage for blind and disabled...

  19. 42 CFR 435.340 - Protected medically needy coverage for blind and disabled individuals eligible in December 1973.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Protected medically needy coverage for blind and disabled individuals eligible in December 1973. 435.340 Section 435.340 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE... Coverage of the Medically Needy § 435.340 Protected medically needy coverage for blind and disabled...

  20. 42 CFR 435.330 - Medically needy coverage of the aged, blind, and disabled in States using more restrictive...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... disabled in States using more restrictive eligibility requirements for Medicaid than those used under SSI....330 Medically needy coverage of the aged, blind, and disabled in States using more restrictive... categorically needy only to those aged, blind, or disabled individuals who meet more restrictive requirements...

  1. 42 CFR 435.330 - Medically needy coverage of the aged, blind, and disabled in States using more restrictive...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... disabled in States using more restrictive eligibility requirements for Medicaid than those used under SSI....330 Medically needy coverage of the aged, blind, and disabled in States using more restrictive... categorically needy only to those aged, blind, or disabled individuals who meet more restrictive requirements...

  2. 42 CFR 435.330 - Medically needy coverage of the aged, blind, and disabled in States using more restrictive...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... disabled in States using more restrictive eligibility requirements for Medicaid than those used under SSI....330 Medically needy coverage of the aged, blind, and disabled in States using more restrictive... categorically needy only to those aged, blind, or disabled individuals who meet more restrictive requirements...

  3. 42 CFR 435.330 - Medically needy coverage of the aged, blind, and disabled in States using more restrictive...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... disabled in States using more restrictive eligibility requirements for Medicaid than those used under SSI....330 Medically needy coverage of the aged, blind, and disabled in States using more restrictive... categorically needy only to those aged, blind, or disabled individuals who meet more restrictive requirements...

  4. 42 CFR 435.330 - Medically needy coverage of the aged, blind, and disabled in States using more restrictive...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... disabled in States using more restrictive eligibility requirements for Medicaid than those used under SSI....330 Medically needy coverage of the aged, blind, and disabled in States using more restrictive... categorically needy only to those aged, blind, or disabled individuals who meet more restrictive requirements...

  5. 75 FR 69082 - Federal Financial Participation in State Assistance Expenditures; Federal Matching Shares for...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-10

    ... Expenditures; Federal Matching Shares for Medicaid, the Children's Health Insurance Program, and Aid to Needy... assistance (Medicaid) and Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) expenditures, Temporary Assistance for... expenditures for most medical assistance and child health assistance, and assistance payments for certain...

  6. 42 CFR 435.308 - Medically needy coverage of individuals under age 21.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ...) Individuals receiving active treatment as inpatients in psychiatric facilities or programs, if inpatient psychiatric services for individuals under 21 are provided under the plan. [46 FR 47986, Sept. 30, 1981, as...

  7. 45 CFR 400.101 - Financial eligibility standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... established at up to 200% of the national poverty level; and (b) In States without a medically needy program... eligibility standard established at up to 200% of the national poverty level. [54 FR 5480, Feb. 3, 1989, as...

  8. 45 CFR 400.101 - Financial eligibility standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... established at up to 200% of the national poverty level; and (b) In States without a medically needy program... eligibility standard established at up to 200% of the national poverty level. [54 FR 5480, Feb. 3, 1989, as...

  9. 45 CFR 400.101 - Financial eligibility standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... established at up to 200% of the national poverty level; and (b) In States without a medically needy program... eligibility standard established at up to 200% of the national poverty level. [54 FR 5480, Feb. 3, 1989, as...

  10. 45 CFR 400.101 - Financial eligibility standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... established at up to 200% of the national poverty level; and (b) In States without a medically needy program... eligibility standard established at up to 200% of the national poverty level. [54 FR 5480, Feb. 3, 1989, as...

  11. 45 CFR 400.101 - Financial eligibility standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... established at up to 200% of the national poverty level; and (b) In States without a medically needy program... eligibility standard established at up to 200% of the national poverty level. [54 FR 5480, Feb. 3, 1989, as...

  12. 42 CFR 436.300 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Scope. 436.300 Section 436.300 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL... Medically Needy § 436.300 Scope. This subpart specifies the option for coverage of medically needy...

  13. An Educational Program for Sub-Professional Personnel to be Employed in Health Maintenance Organizations. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    HMO Management, Inc., Los Angeles, CA.

    Through Medicaid, the Health Maintenance Organization Act (HMO), and Prepaid Health Programs (PHP) approaches were established whereby the government can help alleviate the medical problems of the needy. A program to educate and train students in California in the philosophy, administration, and development of PHP was developed in response to…

  14. 42 CFR 435.301 - General rules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ...: (i) All pregnant women during the course of their pregnancy who, except for income and resources... received Medicaid services as medically needy on the day that their pregnancy ends. The agency must provide medically needy eligibility to these women for an extended period following termination of pregnancy. This...

  15. 42 CFR 435.301 - General rules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ...: (i) All pregnant women during the course of their pregnancy who, except for income and resources... received Medicaid services as medically needy on the day that their pregnancy ends. The agency must provide medically needy eligibility to these women for an extended period following termination of pregnancy. This...

  16. 42 CFR 435.301 - General rules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ...: (i) All pregnant women during the course of their pregnancy who, except for income and resources... received Medicaid services as medically needy on the day that their pregnancy ends. The agency must provide medically needy eligibility to these women for an extended period following termination of pregnancy. This...

  17. 42 CFR 435.301 - General rules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...: (i) All pregnant women during the course of their pregnancy who, except for income and resources... received Medicaid services as medically needy on the day that their pregnancy ends. The agency must provide medically needy eligibility to these women for an extended period following termination of pregnancy. This...

  18. 42 CFR 435.301 - General rules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ...: (i) All pregnant women during the course of their pregnancy who, except for income and resources... received Medicaid services as medically needy on the day that their pregnancy ends. The agency must provide medically needy eligibility to these women for an extended period following termination of pregnancy. This...

  19. 42 CFR 436.201 - Individuals included in optional groups.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Individuals included in optional groups. 436.201... SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS ELIGIBILITY IN GUAM, PUERTO RICO, AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS Options for Coverage as Categorically Needy § 436.201 Individuals included in optional groups. (a) The...

  20. 42 CFR 435.811 - Medically needy income standard: General requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Medically needy income standard: General requirements. 435.811 Section 435.811 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF... maximum dollar amount of income allowed for purposes of FFP under § 435.1007. (f) The income standard may...

  1. 42 CFR 57.314 - Repayment of loans made after November 17, 1971, for failure to complete a program of study. 2

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... in nursing for which an eligible education loan was made upon certification by a school of nursing... applicant will be considered to be in exceptionally needy circumstances if, upon comparison of the income..., medical, or financial difficulties. The Secretary will only repay education loans made after November 17...

  2. 42 CFR 57.314 - Repayment of loans made after November 17, 1971, for failure to complete a program of study. 2

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... in nursing for which an eligible education loan was made upon certification by a school of nursing... applicant will be considered to be in exceptionally needy circumstances if, upon comparison of the income..., medical, or financial difficulties. The Secretary will only repay education loans made after November 17...

  3. 42 CFR 57.314 - Repayment of loans made after November 17, 1971, for failure to complete a program of study. 2

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... in nursing for which an eligible education loan was made upon certification by a school of nursing... applicant will be considered to be in exceptionally needy circumstances if, upon comparison of the income..., medical, or financial difficulties. The Secretary will only repay education loans made after November 17...

  4. 42 CFR 57.314 - Repayment of loans made after November 17, 1971, for failure to complete a program of study. 2

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... in nursing for which an eligible education loan was made upon certification by a school of nursing... applicant will be considered to be in exceptionally needy circumstances if, upon comparison of the income..., medical, or financial difficulties. The Secretary will only repay education loans made after November 17...

  5. 42 CFR 57.314 - Repayment of loans made after November 17, 1971, for failure to complete a program of study. 2

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... in nursing for which an eligible education loan was made upon certification by a school of nursing... applicant will be considered to be in exceptionally needy circumstances if, upon comparison of the income..., medical, or financial difficulties. The Secretary will only repay education loans made after November 17...

  6. Assessing the Effectiveness of Statistical Classification Techniques in Predicting Future Employment of Participants in the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Program

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Montoya, Isaac D.

    2008-01-01

    Three classification techniques (Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection [CHAID], Classification and Regression Tree [CART], and discriminant analysis) were tested to determine their accuracy in predicting Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program recipients' future employment. Technique evaluation was based on proportion of correctly…

  7. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families: Implications of Recent Legislative and Economic Changes for State Programs and Work Participation Rates. Report to Congressional Requesters. GAO-10-525

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Brown, Kay E.

    2010-01-01

    The Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 (DRA) reauthorized the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grant and made modifications expected to strengthen work requirements for families receiving cash assistance through state TANF programs. Both the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and states were required to take steps to…

  8. 34 CFR 607.3 - What is an enrollment of needy students?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 34 Education 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What is an enrollment of needy students? 607.3 Section 607.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STRENGTHENING INSTITUTIONS PROGRAM General § 607.3 What is an...

  9. 34 CFR 607.3 - What is an enrollment of needy students?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 34 Education 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What is an enrollment of needy students? 607.3 Section 607.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STRENGTHENING INSTITUTIONS PROGRAM General § 607.3 What is an...

  10. 34 CFR 607.3 - What is an enrollment of needy students?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 34 Education 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What is an enrollment of needy students? 607.3 Section 607.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STRENGTHENING INSTITUTIONS PROGRAM General § 607.3 What is an...

  11. 34 CFR 607.3 - What is an enrollment of needy students?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 34 Education 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What is an enrollment of needy students? 607.3 Section 607.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STRENGTHENING INSTITUTIONS PROGRAM General § 607.3 What is an...

  12. 76 FR 18202 - Applications for New Awards; Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander-Serving...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-01

    ... funds under the AANAPISI program must have an enrollment of undergraduate students that is at least 10... the enrollment of needy students, expenditures, and tie-breaking factors that are based on the SIP... SIP regulations: enrollment of needy students provisions in 34 CFR 607.3 and the low education and...

  13. 25 CFR 170.942 - Can a tribe use Federal funds for transportation services for a tribe's Welfare-to-Work...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Can a tribe use Federal funds for transportation services for a tribe's Welfare-to-Work, Temporary Assistance to Needy Families, and other quality-of-life..., Temporary Assistance to Needy Families, and other quality-of-life improvement programs? (a) A tribe can use...

  14. 25 CFR 170.942 - Can a tribe use Federal funds for transportation services for a tribe's Welfare-to-Work...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true Can a tribe use Federal funds for transportation services for a tribe's Welfare-to-Work, Temporary Assistance to Needy Families, and other quality-of-life..., Temporary Assistance to Needy Families, and other quality-of-life improvement programs? (a) A tribe can use...

  15. 25 CFR 170.942 - Can a tribe use Federal funds for transportation services for a tribe's Welfare-to-Work...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Can a tribe use Federal funds for transportation services for a tribe's Welfare-to-Work, Temporary Assistance to Needy Families, and other quality-of-life..., Temporary Assistance to Needy Families, and other quality-of-life improvement programs? (a) A tribe can use...

  16. 25 CFR 170.942 - Can a tribe use Federal funds for transportation services for a tribe's Welfare-to-Work...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Can a tribe use Federal funds for transportation services for a tribe's Welfare-to-Work, Temporary Assistance to Needy Families, and other quality-of-life..., Temporary Assistance to Needy Families, and other quality-of-life improvement programs? (a) A tribe can use...

  17. 25 CFR 170.942 - Can a tribe use Federal funds for transportation services for a tribe's Welfare-to-Work...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Can a tribe use Federal funds for transportation services for a tribe's Welfare-to-Work, Temporary Assistance to Needy Families, and other quality-of-life..., Temporary Assistance to Needy Families, and other quality-of-life improvement programs? (a) A tribe can use...

  18. 76 FR 38040 - Lifeline and Link Up Reform and Modernization, Federal-State Joint Board on Universal Service...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-29

    ... comprehensive set of proposals to better target support to needy consumers and maximize the number of Americans... Low-Income Program in order to align it with changes in technology and market dynamics, such as the... comprehensive set of proposals to better target support to needy consumers and maximize the number of Americans...

  19. 7 CFR 250.1 - General purpose and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Supplemental Food Program, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children, the Food Distribution Programs on Indian Reservations and the assistance of needy persons. ...

  20. 7 CFR 250.1 - General purpose and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Supplemental Food Program, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children, the Food Distribution Programs on Indian Reservations and the assistance of needy persons. ...

  1. 7 CFR 250.1 - General purpose and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Supplemental Food Program, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children, the Food Distribution Programs on Indian Reservations and the assistance of needy persons. ...

  2. 7 CFR 250.1 - General purpose and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Supplemental Food Program, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children, the Food Distribution Programs on Indian Reservations and the assistance of needy persons. ...

  3. 7 CFR 250.1 - General purpose and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Supplemental Food Program, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children, the Food Distribution Programs on Indian Reservations and the assistance of needy persons. ...

  4. Welfare Reform and Children's Health.

    PubMed

    Baltagi, Badi H; Yen, Yin-Fang

    2016-03-01

    This study investigates the effect of the Temporary Aid to Needy Families (TANF) program on children's health outcomes using data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation over the period 1994 to 2005. The TANF policies have been credited with increased employment for single mothers and a dramatic drop in welfare caseload. Our results show that these policies also had a significant effect on various measures of children's medical utilization among low-income families. These health measures include a rating of the child's health status reported by the parents, the number of times that parents consulted a doctor, and the number of nights that the child stayed in a hospital. We compare the overall changes of health status and medical utilization for children with working and nonworking mothers. We find that the child's health status as reported by the parents is affected by the maternal employment status. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  5. 42 CFR 435.300 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Scope. 435.300 Section 435.300 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL... AMERICAN SAMOA Optional Coverage of the Medically Needy § 435.300 Scope. This subpart specifies the option...

  6. 34 CFR 606.3 - What is an enrollment of needy students?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION DEVELOPING HISPANIC-SERVING INSTITUTIONS PROGRAM General § 606... under one or more of the following programs: Federal Pell Grant, Federal Supplemental Educational...

  7. 7 CFR 1944.502 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... the delivery of housing programs to serve the most needy low-income families in rural areas of... role in the selection of grantees so this program can complement FmHA or its successor agency under...

  8. 7 CFR 1944.502 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... the delivery of housing programs to serve the most needy low-income families in rural areas of... role in the selection of grantees so this program can complement FmHA or its successor agency under...

  9. 7 CFR 1944.502 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... the delivery of housing programs to serve the most needy low-income families in rural areas of... role in the selection of grantees so this program can complement FmHA or its successor agency under...

  10. 7 CFR 1944.502 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... the delivery of housing programs to serve the most needy low-income families in rural areas of... role in the selection of grantees so this program can complement FmHA or its successor agency under...

  11. 7 CFR 250.62 - Summer Food Service Program (SFSP).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Summer Food Service Program (SFSP). 250.62 Section 250... Program (NSLP) and Other Child Nutrition Programs § 250.62 Summer Food Service Program (SFSP). (a... meals to needy children primarily in the summer months, in their nonprofit food service programs...

  12. 7 CFR 250.62 - Summer Food Service Program (SFSP).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Summer Food Service Program (SFSP). 250.62 Section 250... Program (NSLP) and Other Child Nutrition Programs § 250.62 Summer Food Service Program (SFSP). (a... meals to needy children primarily in the summer months, in their nonprofit food service programs...

  13. 7 CFR 250.62 - Summer Food Service Program (SFSP).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Summer Food Service Program (SFSP). 250.62 Section 250... Program (NSLP) and Other Child Nutrition Programs § 250.62 Summer Food Service Program (SFSP). (a... meals to needy children primarily in the summer months, in their nonprofit food service programs...

  14. 42 CFR 435.350 - Coverage for certain aliens.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Coverage for certain aliens. 435.350 Section 435... ISLANDS, AND AMERICAN SAMOA Optional Coverage of the Medically Needy § 435.350 Coverage for certain aliens... treatment of an emergency medical condition, as defined in § 440.255(c) of this chapter, to those aliens...

  15. 42 CFR 435.350 - Coverage for certain aliens.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Coverage for certain aliens. 435.350 Section 435... ISLANDS, AND AMERICAN SAMOA Optional Coverage of the Medically Needy § 435.350 Coverage for certain aliens... treatment of an emergency medical condition, as defined in § 440.255(c) of this chapter, to those aliens...

  16. 42 CFR 435.350 - Coverage for certain aliens.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Coverage for certain aliens. 435.350 Section 435... ISLANDS, AND AMERICAN SAMOA Optional Coverage of the Medically Needy § 435.350 Coverage for certain aliens... treatment of an emergency medical condition, as defined in § 440.255(c) of this chapter, to those aliens...

  17. 42 CFR 435.350 - Coverage for certain aliens.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Coverage for certain aliens. 435.350 Section 435... ISLANDS, AND AMERICAN SAMOA Optional Coverage of the Medically Needy § 435.350 Coverage for certain aliens... treatment of an emergency medical condition, as defined in § 440.255(c) of this chapter, to those aliens...

  18. 42 CFR 435.350 - Coverage for certain aliens.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Coverage for certain aliens. 435.350 Section 435... ISLANDS, AND AMERICAN SAMOA Optional Coverage of the Medically Needy § 435.350 Coverage for certain aliens... treatment of an emergency medical condition, as defined in § 440.255(c) of this chapter, to those aliens...

  19. Cost allocation methodology applicable to the temporary assistance for needy families program. Final rule.

    PubMed

    2008-07-23

    This final rule applies to the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program and requires States, the District of Columbia and the Territories (hereinafter referred to as the "States") to use the "benefiting program" cost allocation methodology in U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-87 (2 CFR part 225). It is the judgment and determination of HHS/ACF that the "benefiting program" cost allocation methodology is the appropriate methodology for the proper use of Federal TANF funds. The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) of 1996 gave federally-recognized Tribes the opportunity to operate their own Tribal TANF programs. Federally-recognized Indian tribes operating approved Tribal TANF programs have always followed the "benefiting program" cost allocation methodology in accordance with OMB Circular A-87 (2 CFR part 225) and the applicable regulatory provisions at 45 CFR 286.45(c) and (d). This final rule contains no substantive changes to the proposed rule published on September 27, 2006.

  20. 45 CFR 287.5 - What is the purpose and scope of the NEW Program?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... NATIVE EMPLOYMENT WORKS (NEW) PROGRAM General NEW Provisions § 287.5 What is the purpose and scope of the... Native organizations, the opportunity to provide work activities and services to their needy clients. ...

  1. 7 CFR 1700.108 - Application requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... documenting significant health risks due to the fact that a significant proportion of the community's...) Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program participation and benefit levels in the community, as documented by... Nutrition Service; (E) Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Program participation and benefit levels in...

  2. 43 CFR 12.44 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Lands: Interior Office of the Secretary of the Interior ADMINISTRATIVE AND AUDIT REQUIREMENTS AND COST... Services; Social Services; Low-Income Home Energy Assistance; States' Program of Community Development... out the following programs of the Social Security Act: (i) Aid to Needy Families with Dependent...

  3. 78 FR 12031 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-21

    ... number. Food and Nutrition Service Title: 7 CFR Part 225, Summer Food Service Program. OMB Control Number.... 1761, authorizes the Summer Food Service Program (SFSP). The SFSP provides assistance to States to initiate and maintain nonprofit food service programs for needy children during the summer months and at...

  4. 78 FR 23944 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-23

    ..., Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration... proposed collections of information, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA...

  5. 42 CFR 436.210 - Individuals who meet the income and resource requirements of the cash assistance programs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... ELIGIBILITY IN GUAM, PUERTO RICO, AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS Options for Coverage as Categorically Needy Options... programs. The agency may provide Medicaid to any group or groups of individuals specified under § 436.201(a...

  6. 47 CFR 54.409 - Consumer qualification for Lifeline.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Guidelines or a consumer must participate in one of the following federal assistance programs: Medicaid; Food... Indian Affairs general assistance; Tribally administered Temporary Assistance for Needy Families; Head... that the consumer receives benefits from at least one of the programs mentioned in this paragraph or...

  7. 7 CFR 285.3 - Plan of operation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOOD STAMP AND FOOD DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM PROVISION OF A NUTRITION ASSISTANCE GRANT FOR THE COMMONWEALTH... administration, of the nutrition assistance program. (2) A description of the needy persons residing in the...

  8. 7 CFR 285.3 - Plan of operation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOOD STAMP AND FOOD DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM PROVISION OF A NUTRITION ASSISTANCE GRANT FOR THE COMMONWEALTH... administration, of the nutrition assistance program. (2) A description of the needy persons residing in the...

  9. 7 CFR 285.3 - Plan of operation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOOD STAMP AND FOOD DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM PROVISION OF A NUTRITION ASSISTANCE GRANT FOR THE COMMONWEALTH... administration, of the nutrition assistance program. (2) A description of the needy persons residing in the...

  10. 7 CFR 285.3 - Plan of operation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOOD STAMP AND FOOD DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM PROVISION OF A NUTRITION ASSISTANCE GRANT FOR THE COMMONWEALTH... administration, of the nutrition assistance program. (2) A description of the needy persons residing in the...

  11. 7 CFR 285.3 - Plan of operation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOOD STAMP AND FOOD DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM PROVISION OF A NUTRITION ASSISTANCE GRANT FOR THE COMMONWEALTH... administration, of the nutrition assistance program. (2) A description of the needy persons residing in the...

  12. Second-Year Accountability Report for WorkFirst Training Programs.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Washington State Board for Community and Technical Colleges, Olympia.

    In 1998, Washington passed into law WorkFirst, its version of the federal welfare reform program, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). Colleges were funded for four training programs: (1) Pre-Employment Training; (2) Tuition Assistance; (3) Workplace Basic Skills; and (4) Families That Work. This paper presents the overall second-year…

  13. 45 CFR 260.20 - What is the purpose of the TANF program?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Section 260.20 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare OFFICE OF FAMILY ASSISTANCE (ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS), ADMINISTRATION FOR CHILDREN AND FAMILIES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL TEMPORARY ASSISTANCE FOR NEEDY FAMILIES (TANF) PROVISIONS What Rules Generally Apply to the TANF...

  14. 45 CFR 260.20 - What is the purpose of the TANF program?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Section 260.20 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare OFFICE OF FAMILY ASSISTANCE (ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS), ADMINISTRATION FOR CHILDREN AND FAMILIES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL TEMPORARY ASSISTANCE FOR NEEDY FAMILIES (TANF) PROVISIONS What Rules Generally Apply to the TANF...

  15. 45 CFR 260.20 - What is the purpose of the TANF program?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Section 260.20 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare OFFICE OF FAMILY ASSISTANCE (ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS), ADMINISTRATION FOR CHILDREN AND FAMILIES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL TEMPORARY ASSISTANCE FOR NEEDY FAMILIES (TANF) PROVISIONS What Rules Generally Apply to the TANF...

  16. 45 CFR 260.20 - What is the purpose of the TANF program?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Section 260.20 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare OFFICE OF FAMILY ASSISTANCE (ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS), ADMINISTRATION FOR CHILDREN AND FAMILIES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL TEMPORARY ASSISTANCE FOR NEEDY FAMILIES (TANF) PROVISIONS What Rules Generally Apply to the TANF...

  17. 42 CFR 447.53 - Applicability; specification; multiple charges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... categorically or medically needy individuals for the following: (1) Children. Services furnished to individuals..., such as hypertension, diabetes, urinary tract infection, and services furnished during the postpartum... must specify— (1) The service for which the charge is made; (2) The amount of the charge; (3) The basis...

  18. WorkFirst: Fifth Year Accountability Report for WorkFirst Training Programs Conducted in 2002-03

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Washington State Board for Community and Technical Colleges, 2005

    2005-01-01

    WorkFirst is Washington State's welfare-to-work program. The program's mission is to help citizens get "a job, a better job, a better life." Inaugurated in 1996, it is based on the 1996 federal Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) welfare reform legislation. As part of this new program, the community and technical college system…

  19. A Study of the National Upward Bound and Talent Search Programs. Final Report. Volume III: Descriptive Study of the Talent Search Program.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Pyecha, J. N.; And Others

    The Office of Education's Talent Search program is designed to: (a) identify needy youths with exceptional potential and encourage them to complete secondary school and undertake further education; (b) publicize student financial aid; and (c) encourage dropouts of demonstrated aptitude to reenter educational programs. The Talent Search program…

  20. 75 FR 46944 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-04

    ... Act of 1995: Proposed Project: Scholarships for Disadvantaged Students (SDS) Program (OMB No. 0915-0149)--Extension The Scholarships for Disadvantaged Students (SDS) Program has as its purpose, the provision of funds to eligible schools to provide scholarships to full-time, financially needy students from...

  1. Using TANF to Finance Out-of-School Time Initiatives

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Relave, Nanette; Flynn-Khan, Margaret

    2007-01-01

    This report addresses how the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program can be an important source of funding for maintaining, improving, and expanding out-of-school time initiatives. The report is designed to help policymakers and program developers understand the opportunities and challenges of effectively using TANF funding to…

  2. 34 CFR 668.2 - General definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    .... (Authority: 20 U.S.C. 1078-1) Federal Work Study (FWS) program: The part-time employment program for students... degree; and (3) Has completed the equivalent of at least three years of full-time study either prior to... of study to eligible financially needy undergraduate students who successfully complete rigorous...

  3. Block Grant-Funded Educational Programs: An Untapped Source of Employees for the Healthcare Industry

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gordon, Claudette Veronica

    2009-01-01

    The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA) placed a lifetime capitation of five years on welfare benefits. This Bill consolidated welfare and employment programs into the block grant known as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). The benefit package allows operation of programs in accordance with…

  4. Analysis of FY 1990 Budget Proposals and Their Impact on Low Income Programs.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, Washington, DC.

    Despite claims that benefits for the needy have not been reduced, the Reagan Administration's final budget for fiscal year 1990 is marked by substantial reductions in programs for the poor. Actual spending for low-income programs would be sliced $6.75 billion below current levels. Medicaid, which provides health care coverage for poor families…

  5. The Employment Retention and Advancement Project. Results from the Texas ERA Site

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Martinson, Karin; Hendra, Richard

    2006-01-01

    This report presents an assessment of the implementation and the two-year impacts of a program in Texas that aimed to promote job placement, employment retention, and advancement among applicants and recipients to the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program. The program in Texas is part of the Employment Retention and Advancement…

  6. 42 CFR 440.210 - Required services for the categorically needy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... in §§ 440.165 and 440.166, respectively. (2) Pregnancy-related services and services for other conditions that might complicate the pregnancy. (i) Pregnancy-related services are those services that are... pregnancy include those for diagnoses, illnesses, or medical conditions which might threaten the carrying of...

  7. 42 CFR 436.301 - General rules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... of paragraph (a) of this section: (i) All pregnant women during the course of their pregnancy who... pregnancy ends. The agency must provide medically needy eligibility to these women for an extended period following termination of pregnancy. This period begins on the last day of the pregnancy and extends through...

  8. 42 CFR 440.210 - Required services for the categorically needy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... in §§ 440.165 and 440.166, respectively. (2) Pregnancy-related services and services for other conditions that might complicate the pregnancy. (i) Pregnancy-related services are those services that are... pregnancy include those for diagnoses, illnesses, or medical conditions which might threaten the carrying of...

  9. 42 CFR 436.301 - General rules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... of paragraph (a) of this section: (i) All pregnant women during the course of their pregnancy who... pregnancy ends. The agency must provide medically needy eligibility to these women for an extended period following termination of pregnancy. This period begins on the last day of the pregnancy and extends through...

  10. 42 CFR 440.210 - Required services for the categorically needy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... in §§ 440.165 and 440.166, respectively. (2) Pregnancy-related services and services for other conditions that might complicate the pregnancy. (i) Pregnancy-related services are those services that are... pregnancy include those for diagnoses, illnesses, or medical conditions which might threaten the carrying of...

  11. 42 CFR 436.301 - General rules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... of paragraph (a) of this section: (i) All pregnant women during the course of their pregnancy who... pregnancy ends. The agency must provide medically needy eligibility to these women for an extended period following termination of pregnancy. This period begins on the last day of the pregnancy and extends through...

  12. 42 CFR 436.301 - General rules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... of paragraph (a) of this section: (i) All pregnant women during the course of their pregnancy who... pregnancy ends. The agency must provide medically needy eligibility to these women for an extended period following termination of pregnancy. This period begins on the last day of the pregnancy and extends through...

  13. 42 CFR 440.210 - Required services for the categorically needy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... in §§ 440.165 and 440.166, respectively. (2) Pregnancy-related services and services for other conditions that might complicate the pregnancy. (i) Pregnancy-related services are those services that are... pregnancy include those for diagnoses, illnesses, or medical conditions which might threaten the carrying of...

  14. 42 CFR 440.210 - Required services for the categorically needy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... in §§ 440.165 and 440.166, respectively. (2) Pregnancy-related services and services for other conditions that might complicate the pregnancy. (i) Pregnancy-related services are those services that are... pregnancy include those for diagnoses, illnesses, or medical conditions which might threaten the carrying of...

  15. 42 CFR 435.831 - Income eligibility.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... be deducted in determining eligibility, under § 435.121, of the categorically needy. (c) Eligibility..., copayments, or deductibles imposed under § 447.51 or § 447.53 of this subchapter; (2) Expenses incurred by... of bills. Subject to the provisions of paragraph (g), in determining incurred medical expenses to be...

  16. 42 CFR 435.831 - Income eligibility.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... be deducted in determining eligibility, under § 435.121, of the categorically needy. (c) Eligibility..., copayments, or deductibles imposed under § 447.51 or § 447.53 of this subchapter; (2) Expenses incurred by... of bills. Subject to the provisions of paragraph (g), in determining incurred medical expenses to be...

  17. 42 CFR 435.831 - Income eligibility.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... be deducted in determining eligibility, under § 435.121, of the categorically needy. (c) Eligibility..., copayments, or deductibles imposed under § 447.51 or § 447.53 of this subchapter; (2) Expenses incurred by... of bills. Subject to the provisions of paragraph (g), in determining incurred medical expenses to be...

  18. 42 CFR 435.831 - Income eligibility.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... be deducted in determining eligibility, under § 435.121, of the categorically needy. (c) Eligibility..., copayments, or deductibles imposed under § 447.51 or § 447.53 of this subchapter; (2) Expenses incurred by... of bills. Subject to the provisions of paragraph (g), in determining incurred medical expenses to be...

  19. 42 CFR 435.831 - Income eligibility.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... be deducted in determining eligibility, under § 435.121, of the categorically needy. (c) Eligibility..., copayments, or deductibles imposed under § 447.51 or § 447.53 of this subchapter; (2) Expenses incurred by... of bills. Subject to the provisions of paragraph (g), in determining incurred medical expenses to be...

  20. Welfare Reform: Tribal TANF Allows Flexibility To Tailor Programs, but Conditions on Reservations Make It Difficult To Move Recipients into Jobs. Report to Congressional Requesters.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    General Accounting Office, Washington, DC.

    The 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act gave American Indian and Alaska Native tribes the option to administer Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) programs either alone or in a tribal consortium. The law also granted tribal TANF programs more flexibility in program design than it gave to state programs.…

  1. Increasing Work Opportunities for Low-Income Workers through TANF and Economic Development Programs.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Friedman, Pamela

    2002-01-01

    The numerous layoffs of low-income workers that occurred when the nation's economy slowed in 2001 have created numerous challenges for local Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) programs. By increasing collaboration between community economic development and workforce development efforts to serve low-income residents, states and…

  2. Welfare Reform and Postsecondary Education: Research and Policy Update. TANF Requirements Limit Welfare Recipients' Educational Opportunities.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Finney, Johanna

    1998-01-01

    The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Program work requirements, part of the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) drastically limit women's opportunities to participate in postsecondary education programs while receiving TANF funds. Unlike previous laws governing Aid to Families with Dependent…

  3. The Effect of the Government-Subsidized Student Loan Program on College Students in China

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cheng, Baoyan

    2011-01-01

    Using an original dataset collected at a Chinese university and adopting a difference-in-differences research design, this study draws causal inferences regarding the effect of the Government-Subsidized Student Loan Program (GSSLP) on financially needy students at Chinese higher education institutions. Specifically, this study finds that the…

  4. The association between religiousness and children's altruism: The role of the recipient's neediness.

    PubMed

    Sabato, Hagit; Kogut, Tehila

    2018-03-29

    We examined the role of the recipient's neediness as a moderator in the relation between children's household religiosity and prosocial behavior. Examining the behavior of children (2nd and 5th graders) from religious and nonreligious households in the dictator game, we found that the extent of sharing did not differ significantly between the 2 groups when the recipient was not described as needy. However, when the recipient was presented as a poor (needy) child, the religious group exhibited significantly more sharing behavior. Although the religious children's tendency to share more with needy recipients compared with the not-needy ones appeared already in the 2nd grade, it increased with age as children grew and internalized the norms of their immediate society. Among the major religions, the recipient's neediness is an important variable in the decision to give, which shapes religious children's prosocial behavior from an early age. Thus, future research should take this moderator into account when studying the relation between religiousness and prosociality in general and in the development of prosociality in children in particular. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

  5. Reauthorizing TANF.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Focus, 2002

    2002-01-01

    This special issue focuses on the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program. The collection of articles includes: "Introduction: Reauthorizing TANF"; "The New Face of Welfare: From Income Transfers to Social Assistance?" (Thomas Corbett); "Welfare Then Welfare Now: Expenditures in Some Midwestern States"…

  6. Welfare Policies Matter for Children and Youth: Lessons for TANF Reauthorization. MDRC Policy Brief.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Morris, Pamela; Gennetian, Lisa A.; Knox, Virginia

    Studies of nearly a dozen welfare programs were reviewed to determine the effects of welfare policies on children and youth and to identify issues requiring consideration during reauthorization of the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program. The following were among the key findings: (1) the school achievement of elementary school-age…

  7. Oversight of Food and Nutrition Service Programs: Food Stamps, Child Nutrition, and Commodity Distribution. Hearing before the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, United States Senate, Ninety-Eighth Congress, Second Session, April 25, 1984.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry.

    The Federal government's oversight of its food and nutrition programs is discussed in this transcript of a Senate hearing. Testimony is presented regarding food stamps, the school lunch program, problems of targeting the needy, the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), commodity distribution, surplus dairy…

  8. 42 CFR 436.330 - Coverage for certain aliens.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Coverage for certain aliens. 436.330 Section 436... Coverage of the Medically Needy § 436.330 Coverage for certain aliens. If an agency provides Medicaid to... condition, as defined in § 440.255(c) of this chapter to those aliens described in § 436.406(c) of this...

  9. 42 CFR 436.330 - Coverage for certain aliens.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Coverage for certain aliens. 436.330 Section 436... Coverage of the Medically Needy § 436.330 Coverage for certain aliens. If an agency provides Medicaid to... condition, as defined in § 440.255(c) of this chapter to those aliens described in § 436.406(c) of this...

  10. 42 CFR 436.330 - Coverage for certain aliens.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Coverage for certain aliens. 436.330 Section 436... Coverage of the Medically Needy § 436.330 Coverage for certain aliens. If an agency provides Medicaid to... condition, as defined in § 440.255(c) of this chapter to those aliens described in § 436.406(c) of this...

  11. 42 CFR 436.330 - Coverage for certain aliens.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Coverage for certain aliens. 436.330 Section 436... Coverage of the Medically Needy § 436.330 Coverage for certain aliens. If an agency provides Medicaid to... condition, as defined in § 440.255(c) of this chapter to those aliens described in § 436.406(c) of this...

  12. 42 CFR 436.330 - Coverage for certain aliens.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Coverage for certain aliens. 436.330 Section 436... Coverage of the Medically Needy § 436.330 Coverage for certain aliens. If an agency provides Medicaid to... condition, as defined in § 440.255(c) of this chapter to those aliens described in § 436.406(c) of this...

  13. 42 CFR 435.227 - Individuals under age 21 who are under State adoption assistance agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Coverage as Categorically Needy Options for Coverage of Families and Children § 435.227 Individuals under... (other than an agreement under title IV-E) between the State and the adoptive parent(s) is in effect; (2... adoptive parents without Medicaid because the child has special needs for medical or rehabilitative care...

  14. Response of State Government to an Urban Problem: The School Lunch Program in New Jersey.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Young, Dennis; Nokkeo, Suthirat Supaporn

    The failure of State governments to use their unique place in the Federal structure for the relief of urban areas is illustrated by the school lunch program in New Jersey. The cities have a higher share of needy students and yet do not receive a greater share of program funds than the suburbs. The lunch gap--i.e., the number of low income students…

  15. Design Conference for the Evaluation of the Talent Search Program: Synthesis of Major Themes and Commissioned Papers Prepared for the Conference (Washington, D.C., September 30, 1992).

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Westat, Inc., Rockville, MD.

    This report gathers papers prepared for a design conference for the evaluation of the Federal Talent Search Program, an early intervention program to identify gifted and talented financially needy students and connect them with discretionary grants for higher education. An introductory paper synthesizes major conference themes. These include: (1)…

  16. Securing Funding in Rural Programs for Young Handicapped Children. Making It Work in Rural Communities. A Rural Network Monograph.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Garland, Corinne Welt, Comp.

    The problem of securing funds to support programs for the young handicapped child is a major one for rural service providers. The process of securing funds from within the rural community itself should include nine steps: (1) defining the needy; (2) determining responsibility; (3) identifying resources; (4) considering the message; (5) choosing…

  17. Relating Social Welfare to Life Satisfaction in the Postmodern Era of Hong Kong

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cheung, Chau-kiu; Leung, Kwan-kwok

    2007-01-01

    Social welfare is supposedly beneficial not only to the needy receiving it but to citizens in general who expect social welfare to help the needy. Whereas direct benefits to the needy represent the gratification of material needs, the fulfillment of citizens' expectation registers an idealistic path to life satisfaction. These materialistic and…

  18. Setting priorities for teaching and learning: an innovative needs assessment for a new family medicine program in Lao PDR.

    PubMed

    Kanashiro, Jeanie; Hollaar, Gwen; Wright, Bruce; Nammavongmixay, Khamphong; Roff, Sue

    2007-03-01

    Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) is a small, tropical, landlocked country in southeast Asia. It is one of the least developed countries in the region, and its socioeconomic indicators are among the lowest 25% in the world. The World Health Organization has long called for increased equity in primary health care access around the world. To meet this need in Lao PDR, the Family Medicine Specialist Program was developed, a Lao-generated postgraduate training program designed to produce community-oriented primary care practitioners to serve the rural, remote areas of Lao PDR, where 80% of the population lives. An innovative method of needs assessment was required to determine the health care priorities to be met by this new program. Through the use of a modified Delphi technique, local key leaders in medical education, clinical specialists, and teachers were consulted to develop prioritized objectives for the hospital-based curriculum of the program. By setting priorities for teaching and learning in the unique and needy circumstances of Lao PDR, a novel approach to curriculum planning in a low-income country was explored and ultimately formed the foundation of the new curriculum. This process served to direct the allocation of scarce resources during implementation of this groundbreaking program. More importantly, this model of needs assessment could potentially be used to customize medical curricula in other low-income countries facing challenges similar to those in Lao PDR.

  19. 7 CFR 1944.401 - Objective.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) HOUSING Self-Help Technical Assistance Grants § 1944.401 Objective. This subpart sets... to eligible applicants to finance programs of technical and supervisory assistance for self-help... aid needy very low- and low-income families in carrying out self-help housing efforts in rural areas...

  20. 78 FR 40745 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-08

    ... form for periodic financial reporting under the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program..., estimate funding needs, and to prepare budget submissions required by Congress. Financial reporting under... OMB Review; Comment Request Title: TANF Quarterly Financial Report, ACF-196. OMB No.: 0970-0247...

  1. All About the E-Rate.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ravenaugh, Mickey

    1999-01-01

    The Universal Service Fund for Schools and Libraries, or "E-Rate," is a cooperative business/government program allowing needy public schools and libraries a 20 to 90% discount on new telecommunications technologies. Schools must have technology plans, complete various forms, and contact participating vendors to determine appropriate…

  2. 7 CFR 251.4 - Availability of commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... commodities only in quantities which can be utilized without waste in providing food assistance to needy... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL REGULATIONS AND POLICIES-FOOD DISTRIBUTION THE EMERGENCY FOOD ASSISTANCE PROGRAM § 251.4...

  3. 7 CFR 251.4 - Availability of commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... commodities only in quantities which can be utilized without waste in providing food assistance to needy... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL REGULATIONS AND POLICIES-FOOD DISTRIBUTION THE EMERGENCY FOOD ASSISTANCE PROGRAM § 251.4...

  4. 7 CFR 251.4 - Availability of commodities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... commodities only in quantities which can be utilized without waste in providing food assistance to needy... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GENERAL REGULATIONS AND POLICIES-FOOD DISTRIBUTION THE EMERGENCY FOOD ASSISTANCE PROGRAM § 251.4...

  5. 42 CFR 436.120 - Qualified pregnant women and children who are not qualified family members.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Qualified pregnant women and children who are not... to a pregnant woman whose pregnancy has been medically verified and who— (1) Would be eligible for an... RICO, AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS Mandatory Coverage of the Categorically Needy § 436.120 Qualified pregnant...

  6. 42 CFR 436.120 - Qualified pregnant women and children who are not qualified family members.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Qualified pregnant women and children who are not... to a pregnant woman whose pregnancy has been medically verified and who— (1) Would be eligible for an... RICO, AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS Mandatory Coverage of the Categorically Needy § 436.120 Qualified pregnant...

  7. 42 CFR 436.120 - Qualified pregnant women and children who are not qualified family members.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Qualified pregnant women and children who are not... to a pregnant woman whose pregnancy has been medically verified and who— (1) Would be eligible for an... RICO, AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS Mandatory Coverage of the Categorically Needy § 436.120 Qualified pregnant...

  8. 42 CFR 436.120 - Qualified pregnant women and children who are not qualified family members.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Qualified pregnant women and children who are not... to a pregnant woman whose pregnancy has been medically verified and who— (1) Would be eligible for an... RICO, AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS Mandatory Coverage of the Categorically Needy § 436.120 Qualified pregnant...

  9. 42 CFR 436.120 - Qualified pregnant women and children who are not qualified family members.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Qualified pregnant women and children who are not... to a pregnant woman whose pregnancy has been medically verified and who— (1) Would be eligible for an... RICO, AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS Mandatory Coverage of the Categorically Needy § 436.120 Qualified pregnant...

  10. 7 CFR 1779.1 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... (CONTINUED) WATER AND WASTE DISPOSAL PROGRAMS GUARANTEED LOANS § 1779.1 General. (a) This part contains the regulations for Water and Waste Disposal (WW) loans guaranteed by the Agency and applies to lenders, holders... or improvement of water and waste projects serving the financially needy communities in rural areas...

  11. 78 FR 66365 - Proposed Information Collection Activity; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-05

    ... for Needy Families (TANF) program, it imposed a new data requirement that States prepare and submit data verification procedures and replaced other data requirements with new versions including: the TANF Data Report, the SSP-MOE Data Report, the Caseload Reduction Documentation Process, and the Reasonable...

  12. Meeting the Leadership Challenge. Designing Effective Principal Mentor Programs: The Experiences of Six New York City Community School Districts.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dukess, Laura F.

    Experience has shown that providing instructional, emotional, and managerial support to new principals by giving them experienced, expert principals as mentors can help to a large extent. Over the course of a year, New Visions for Public Schools studied six types of principal mentor programs offered to new and needy principals in six New York City…

  13. Money for Nothing? The Impact of Changes in the Pell Grant Program on Institutional Revenues and the Placement of Needy Students

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Curs, Bradley R.; Singell, Larry D., Jr.; Waddell, Glen R.

    2007-01-01

    Using new institutional-level data, we assess the impact of changing federal aid levels on institutional-level Pell revenues. Using various policy instruments associated with Pell generosity, we quantify the sensitivity of institutional Pell revenues to the generosity of the Pell Grant program. In general, we find an elastic response of…

  14. 77 FR 71420 - Federal Financial Participation in State Assistance Expenditures; Federal Matching Shares for...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-30

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Federal Financial Participation in State Assistance Expenditures; Federal Matching Shares for Medicaid, the Children's Health Insurance Program, and Aid to Needy...FMAP rates that the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) will use in determining the...

  15. 76 FR 74061 - Federal Financial Participation in State Assistance Expenditures; Federal Matching Shares for...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-30

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Federal Financial Participation in State Assistance Expenditures; Federal Matching Shares for Medicaid, the Children's Health Insurance Program, and Aid to Needy...FMAP rates that the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) will use in determining the...

  16. Faith-Based Versus Fact-Based Social Policy: The Case of Teenage Pregnancy Prevention

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Marx, Jerry D.; Hopper, Fleur

    2005-01-01

    The Clinton administration's 1996 welfare reform legislation contained a "charitable choice" clause, a provision that encourages states to increase the involvement of religious organizations in federal programs such as Temporary Assistance to Needy Families. The administration of George W. Bush has intensified and extended this policy…

  17. Stuck in a Loop: Individual and System Barriers for Job Seekers with Disabilities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hall, Jean P.; Parker, Kathy

    2010-01-01

    Research conducted within Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996) and Workforce Investment Act of 1998 systems indicates pervasive issues hindering program effectiveness for job seekers with disabilities. This population frequently experiences employment barriers beyond those…

  18. Vital Defenses: Social Support Appraisals of Black Grandmothers Parenting Grandchildren

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Stevenson, Michelle L.; Henderson, Tammy L.; Baugh, Eboni

    2007-01-01

    Guided by the conceptual frameworks of social support appraisal mechanisms and cultural variant perspectives, the reported experiences of 23 Black grandmothers parenting grandchildren who receive cash assistance under the current welfare program, Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF), were used to integrate macro- and micro-level…

  19. Stigma and Other Determinants of Participation in TANF and Medicaid

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Stuber, Jennifer; Kronebusch, Karl

    2004-01-01

    We developed a conceptual framework to examine the association between stigma, enrollment barriers (e.g., difficult application), knowledge, state policy, and participation in the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) and adult Medicaid programs. Survey data from 901 community health center patients, who were potential and actual…

  20. STEPS: Moving from Welfare to Work.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Vail, Ann; Cummings, Merrilyn; Kratzer, Connie; Galindo, Vickie

    Cooperative extension service faculty at New Mexico State University started the Steps to Employment and Personal Success (STEPS) program to help Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) clients qualify for and maintain full-time employment and strengthen their families for long-term success. Clients are referred to STEPS by New Mexico…

  1. Indicators of Welfare Dependence: Annual Report to Congress, 2003.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC.

    This sixth annual report provides welfare dependence indicators through 2000, reflecting changes since enactment of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act in 1996 and highlighting benefits under Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), now Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF); the Food Stamp program; and Supplement…

  2. EFF Voice, Winter 2002.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    EFF Voice, 2002

    2002-01-01

    This newsletter reports on the activities of Equipped for the Future (EFF), which is a National Institute for Literacy initiative. EFF helps Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) recipients build the skills needed to balance work and home and make a successful transition to work. The article "EFF Frames Family Literacy Programs"…

  3. 75 FR 32473 - Agency Recordkeeping/Reporting Requirements Under Emergency Review by the Office of Management...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-08

    ...: TANF Emergency Fund Subsidized Employment Report, Form OFA 200. OMB No.: New Collection. Description... (Recovery Act), which establishes the Emergency Contingency Fund for State Temporary Assistance for Needy... difficult economic period. Many jurisdictions are implementing subsidized employment programs as a result of...

  4. 76 FR 9020 - Proposed Information Collection Activity; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-16

    ... -------- Preparation and Submission of Data 54 1 640 34,560 Verification Procedures--Sec. Sec. 261.60-261.63 Caseload... for Needy Families (TANF) program, it imposed a new data requirement that States prepare and submit data verification procedures and replaced other data requirements with new versions including: the TANF...

  5. Worldwide Tuition Increases Send Students into the Streets.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Woodard, Colin

    2000-01-01

    Examines the global trend towards increased tuition and fees in public institutions of higher education. Despite histories of free or very low tuition and student protests, most observers see higher tuition and fees (and financial aid programs for needy students) as invitable. Notes increased demand, enrollment surges, and collapsing systems of…

  6. 34 CFR 607.3 - What is an enrollment of needy students?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... following programs: Pell Grant, Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant, College Work-Study, and Perkins...-time basis and received Pell Grants exceeded the median percentage of undergraduate degree students who were enrolled on at least a half-time basis and received Pell Grants at comparable institutions that...

  7. Welfare Reform when Recipients Are Forward-Looking

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Swann, Christopher A.

    2005-01-01

    By studying recipients of aid under the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) welfare scheme, the effect of time limits of welfare schemes on forward looking recipients is assessed using a discrete-choice dynamic programming framework model. The policy simulations for the preferred specification of utility reveal that two year time limits…

  8. The College Opportunity Grant Program of the California State Scholarship and Loan Commission; A Report on and Evaluation of the 1969 and 1970 COG Selection Procedures.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Klingelhofer, Edwin L.

    The College Opportunity Grant (COG) program was established by the California legislature in 1968 and was intended to provide monetary grants to financially needy students, primarily from ethnic minorities, to assist them while attending college. This paper contains: (1) a side-by-side description of the characteristics of the 1969 and 1970…

  9. Watching the Clock Tick: Factors Associated with TANF Accumulation

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Seefeldt, Kristin S.; Orzol, Sean M.

    2005-01-01

    The 1996 welfare reform made extended welfare stays more difficult. One of the most notable provisions was the 60-month lifetime limit on cash benefits through the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) program. This study investigated the personal characteristics associated with accumulating more months on TANF. Using four waves of data…

  10. Experiential Learning: A Definitive Edge in the Job Market

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Clark, James; White, Gayle Webb

    2010-01-01

    The value of experiential learning is explored as it has now become a given among educators and corporate leaders that a university must provide experiential learning programs such as internships; real-life cases in marketing research, advertising, etc.; and voluntary student participation in income tax preparation for the needy and elderly; and…

  11. Federal Funding Sources for Public Job Creation Initiatives.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Johnson, Clifford M.; Savner, Steve

    This overview on potential funding sources describes three major federal programs that can provide a financing base for public job creation initiatives serving hard-to-employ welfare recipients and non-custodial parents. Section I is an introduction. Section II focuses on the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) block grant. Section III…

  12. Block Grant Head Start? Devolution's Potential Negative Impact on Children and Families

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mallett, Christopher A.; Allen, Benjamin L.

    2005-01-01

    The "new federalism" paradigm offers an explanation why the federal government has devolved much of its administration of the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF, formerly AFDC) and Medicaid (through managed care) programs. A review of child and family outcomes data resulting from these devolutionary changes in TANF and…

  13. 75 FR 12217 - Federal Perkins Loan, Federal Work-Study, and Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-15

    ... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Federal Perkins Loan, Federal Work-Study, and Federal Supplemental... undergraduate and graduate students to help pay for their education. The FWS Program encourages the part-time employment of needy undergraduate and graduate students to help pay for their education and to involve the...

  14. A Look at Poor Dads Who Don't Pay Child Support. Discussion Papers. Assessing the New Federalism: An Urban Institute Program To Assess Changing Social Policies.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sorensen, Elaine; Zibman, Chava

    The barriers that poor fathers face in paying child support and how existing programs assist them were studied and contrasted to the barriers faced by poor custodial mothers using data from the National Survey of America's Families (NSAF). Efforts to serve these fathers through Temporary Assistance for Needy Families welfare-to-work grants, and…

  15. 42 CFR 57.214 - Repayment of loans made after November 17, 1971, for failure to complete a program of study.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... eligible education loan was made upon certification by a health professions school that the individual... to be in exceptionally needy circumstances if, upon comparison of the income and other financial.... The Secretary will only repay education loans made subsequent to November 17, 1971. [44 FR 29055, May...

  16. 42 CFR 57.214 - Repayment of loans made after November 17, 1971, for failure to complete a program of study.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... eligible education loan was made upon certification by a health professions school that the individual... to be in exceptionally needy circumstances if, upon comparison of the income and other financial.... The Secretary will only repay education loans made subsequent to November 17, 1971. [44 FR 29055, May...

  17. 42 CFR 57.214 - Repayment of loans made after November 17, 1971, for failure to complete a program of study.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... eligible education loan was made upon certification by a health professions school that the individual... to be in exceptionally needy circumstances if, upon comparison of the income and other financial.... The Secretary will only repay education loans made subsequent to November 17, 1971. [44 FR 29055, May...

  18. A Look at How Agencies Can Utilize Outcome and Performance Data To Enhance Service Delivery.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Resources for Welfare Decisions, 2002

    2002-01-01

    This issue focuses on a variety of performance measurement and outcome data resources as they relate to evaluating service delivery performance in areas that include employment (welfare-to-work and performance bonuses for work participation) and child welfare, as well as some general Temporary Assistance to Needy Families program areas. It also…

  19. The Socioeconomic Context of Home-Based Learning by Women in Malaysia

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Loh-Ludher, Lee Lee

    2007-01-01

    A major goal of Asian distance education is the creation of effective formal and nonformal programs for the benefit of the poor and needy; and the primary place in which distance education usually takes place is the home. This article addresses issues fundamental to the spread of distance education in Asia--factors affecting domestic and social…

  20. Welfare Time Limits: An Update on State Policies, Implementation, and Effects on Families

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Farrell, Mary; Rich, Sarah; Turner, Lesley; Seith, David; Bloom, Dan

    2008-01-01

    Time limits on benefit receipt became a central feature of federal welfare policy in the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA). Proponents of welfare reform argued that the time limits in the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program, would send a firm message to recipients that welfare is…

  1. Welfare Reform and American Indian Tribes: Critical Decisions for the Future of Indian Families.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kauffman, Jo Ann

    The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRETORIA) gives American Indian tribes the option to run their own Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program or leave these services under state administration. Eight case studies were conducted in Oregon, Wisconsin, and Arizona with the Klamath Tribes,…

  2. Families Will Lose Child Care Assistance Under House Ways and Means Committee Welfare Reauthorization Bill

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Center for Law and Social Policy, Inc. (CLASP), 2005

    2005-01-01

    On October 26, the House Ways and Means Committee approved a budget reconciliation bill that includes provisions to reauthorize the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program. This bill provides only $500 million in new child care funding over five years, despite estimates by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) staff that keeping…

  3. Incentives, Challenges, and Dilemmas of TANF: A Case Study

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wolfe, Barbara L.

    2002-01-01

    This paper compares the incentives inherent in TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families), the U.S. welfare system in place after the 1996 reforms, with those of TANF's predecessor, AFDC (Aid to Families with Dependent Children), using the experience in one state, Wisconsin, as an example. Is the new program successful in avoiding the "poverty…

  4. The Military Origins of Federal Social Welfare Programs: Early British and Colonial American Precedents

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1989-01-01

    the use of county or national funds in Britain and colonial or federal funds in America to aid a category of needy persons. Financial assistance... county , parliamentary, colonial (or provincial), or federal treasuries based upon laws that specifically defined a "class" of person who was eligible to...82176 Income maintenance programs provide benefits to individuals in two main forms: 1. in direct cash payments, with or without restrictions on the use

  5. Physicians as gatekeepers: illness certification as a rationing device.

    PubMed

    Stone, D A

    1979-01-01

    Illness or disability is often used as an eligibility criterion by public programs that distribute money, services, privileges, and exemptions. Physicians then play a central role in the allocation process. But physicians are caught between a large pool of applicants who want some benefit, on the one hand, and an organization with limited resources to distribute, on the other hand. Three conflicts are engendered in this gatekeeping role: the tension between trusting and mistrusting information provided by the patient, the tension between erring on the false positive side and the false negative side in diagnostic decision-making, and the tension between doing everything possible for each patient and allocating limited resources among several needy clients. Several non-medical factors influence the ultimate outcome of this allocation process, which, in theory, rests on clinical decision-making: the specificity and restrictiveness of the formal definitions of illness and disability used by a program; the structure of the determination process; the overall policy of the organization on distribution of benefits; and the ability of the organization to use administrative review, direct incentives, and written standards to control the certifying behavior of physicians.

  6. Influence of maternal health literacy on child participation in social welfare programs: the Philadelphia experience.

    PubMed

    Pati, Susmita; Mohamad, Zeinab; Cnaan, Avital; Kavanagh, Jane; Shea, Judy A

    2010-09-01

    We examined the influence of maternal health literacy on child participation in social welfare programs. In this cohort, 20% of the mothers had inadequate or marginal health literacy. Initially, more than 50% of the families participated in Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), the Food Stamp Program, and Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children, whereas fewer than 15% received child care subsidies or public housing. In multivariate regression, TANF participation was more than twice as common among children whose mothers had adequate health literacy compared with children whose mothers had inadequate health literacy.

  7. IoT based mobile health hub

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Thomas, Diljo; Vineeth, V. L.; Siddharth, P. G.; Shanmugasundaram, M.

    2017-11-01

    Technological innovations have a great influence on bio medical field. Even in this advanced era people are struggling due to lack of medical attention or delay in arranging adequate health care. Most of the hospitals have emergency vehicle facility and they are successful in providing emergency response to the needy patient. But the delay in arranging medical attention in hospital is still a big issue. One solution to the above problem is to provide a channel of communication between the emergency vehicle and hospital such that the patient information along with the vitals can be made available to the hospital prior to the arrival of emergency vehicle. This paper proposes such a system where the patient information and vitals are measured and uploaded to a cloud facility. This information helps the doctor to arrange quick medical response.

  8. Medical volunteering: giving something back.

    PubMed

    Reynolds, Herbert Y

    2006-01-01

    A national health issue is how to provide medical care for the large number of people who are uninsured or do not qualify for medical coverage. Establishing free health clinics staffed by volunteer health professionals is one approach that is increasing, but this alone will not solve this societal problem. Many volunteer health care providers are needed, and more senior and retired physicians might be recruited. However, practicing general, not subspeciality, medicine in an unfamiliar surrounding with different patient demands may seem intimidating and anxiety producing. However, a conducive clinical environment and working with other volunteer health care staff may alleviate these feelings and make medical volunteering very enjoyable. The Mercy Health Clinic in Montgomery County, Maryland, has had this effect on us who volunteer there and care for its needy patients.

  9. Utilizing Workforce Investment Act Programs and TANF To Provide Education and Training Opportunities To Reduce Poverty among Low-Income Women. Testimony [before the] House Education and the Workforce Committee, Subcommittee on 21st Century Competitiveness.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gault, Barbara

    Workforce Investment Act (WIA) and the TANF (Temporary Assistance to Needy Families) programs can be coordinated in a number of ways, some of them especially focused on women. For example, research suggests the following: (1) WIA and TANF can be coordinated to improve low-income women's human capital development; (2) many states and localities…

  10. Education and Training for TANF Recipients: Opportunities and Challenges under the Final Rule

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lower-Basch, Elizabeth

    2008-01-01

    On February 5, 2008, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) published the final rules implementing changes in the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program made by the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 (DRA). While these rules do not affect the overall statutory limitations on counting education and training toward the…

  11. Welfare Reform: Work-Site-Based Activities Can Play an Important Role in TANF Programs. Report to Congressional Requesters.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fagnoni, Cynthia M.

    The General Accounting Office (GAO) examined worksite-based activities currently in place to help recipients of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) develop the skills required for successful transition to unsubsidized employment. Data were collected from the following sources: (1) data reported by states to the Department of Health and…

  12. Federal Student Aid and the Goal of Equal Opportunity: The Record and the Future.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gladieux, Lawrence E.

    The history of federal student financial aid legislation, 1965-1985, is traced, and problems faced in the mid-1980s, and possible future directions are considered. The Higher Education Act of 1965 was the first explicit federal commitment to equalizing college opportunities for needy students through grants and programs such as Talent Search. Some…

  13. New Findings on New York City's Conditional Cash Transfer Program. Fast Focus. No. 18-2013

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Riccio, James A.

    2013-01-01

    The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) are long-standing policies that link cash assistance to low-income families to work effort. A new policy being tested in New York City adopts this "conditional cash transfer" principle and extends it to a broader set of family efforts to build their…

  14. Hawadith Street Initiative: A unique Sudanese childhood charity experience.

    PubMed

    Ahmed, Awad Mohamed; A-Rahman, Nada Hassan Ahmed

    2015-01-01

    Due to escalating conflicts and resultant economic constraints, different social services in low income and low-middle income countries have witnessed a decline in its standards, and increase in the costs. This situation has led to emergence of large numbers of patients and their families who cannot afford the costs of health services provided by public hospitals. On this background, and the old heritage of the Sudanese to help the needy, the Hawadith Street Initiative (HSI) was established. Named after the street on which it was founded - which translates indirectly to "Accidents Lane", HSI was established in 2012 by a group of youths, most of them in their twenties of age, and recently graduated. The main activity of the initiative is helping the needy hospital patients, especially with regards to their treatment costs, in Khartoum and other cities in Sudan. Starting with recreational programs for cancer patients, and public campaigns for donation of blood, the initiative's youths changed their activities. Using the social media, Facebook, they adopted the strategy of communication with potential donors, after sending posts containing brief anonymous presentations and call of help for needy cases. Currently HSI includes more than 2000 volunteers in Khartoum and 17 other cities. The most important achievement of HSI is the establishment of an intensive care unit at a children hospital in Omdurman city costing 435,880 US dollars. HSI demonstrates the possibility of delivering great services with minimum resources, and constitutes a unique organization, worldwide, in a new wave of Internet-based initiatives.

  15. Unit asking: a method to boost donations and beyond.

    PubMed

    Hsee, Christopher K; Zhang, Jiao; Lu, Zoe Y; Xu, Fei

    2013-09-01

    The solicitation of charitable donations costs billions of dollars annually. Here, we introduce a virtually costless method for boosting charitable donations to a group of needy persons: merely asking donors to indicate a hypothetical amount for helping one of the needy persons before asking donors to decide how much to donate for all of the needy persons. We demonstrated, in both real fund-raisers and scenario-based research, that this simple unit-asking method greatly increases donations for the group of needy persons. Different from phenomena such as the foot-in-the-door and identifiable-victim effects, the unit-asking effect arises because donors are initially scope insensitive and subsequently scope consistent. The method applies to both traditional paper-based fund-raisers and increasingly popular Web-based fund-raisers and has implications for domains other than fund-raisers, such as auctions and budget proposals. Our research suggests that a subtle manipulation based on psychological science can generate a substantial effect in real life.

  16. 34 CFR 607.2 - What institutions are eligible to receive a grant under the Strengthening Institutions Program?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... university may receive a grant authorized under section 316 of the HEA if— (1) It satisfies the requirements... University Assistance Act of 1978; or (ii) It is listed in the Equity in Educational Land Grant Status Act of...— (1) It has an enrollment of needy students as described in § 607.3(a), unless the Secretary waives...

  17. 34 CFR 607.2 - What institutions are eligible to receive a grant under the Strengthening Institutions Program?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... university may receive a grant authorized under section 316 of the HEA if— (1) It satisfies the requirements... University Assistance Act of 1978; or (ii) It is listed in the Equity in Educational Land Grant Status Act of...— (1) It has an enrollment of needy students as described in § 607.3(a), unless the Secretary waives...

  18. 34 CFR 607.2 - What institutions are eligible to receive a grant under the Strengthening Institutions Program?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... university may receive a grant authorized under section 316 of the HEA if— (1) It satisfies the requirements... University Assistance Act of 1978; or (ii) It is listed in the Equity in Educational Land Grant Status Act of...— (1) It has an enrollment of needy students as described in § 607.3(a), unless the Secretary waives...

  19. 34 CFR 607.2 - What institutions are eligible to receive a grant under the Strengthening Institutions Program?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... university may receive a grant authorized under section 316 of the HEA if— (1) It satisfies the requirements... University Assistance Act of 1978; or (ii) It is listed in the Equity in Educational Land Grant Status Act of...— (1) It has an enrollment of needy students as described in § 607.3(a), unless the Secretary waives...

  20. 34 CFR 607.2 - What institutions are eligible to receive a grant under the Strengthening Institutions Program?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... university may receive a grant authorized under section 316 of the HEA if— (1) It satisfies the requirements... University Assistance Act of 1978; or (ii) It is listed in the Equity in Educational Land Grant Status Act of...— (1) It has an enrollment of needy students as described in § 607.3(a), unless the Secretary waives...

  1. Can Welfare Mothers Hack It in College? A Comparison of Achievement between TANF Recipients and General Population Community College Students

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fenster, Judy

    2004-01-01

    The achievement of a group of undergraduate students enrolled in a pilot program for welfare recipients in the form of TANF (Temporary Aid to Needy Families) was compared with the achievement of general population students at an urban community college. Grades attained in a basic level, introductory Psychology course were used to measure academic…

  2. Improving the Safety Net for Single Mothers Who Face Serious Barriers to Work

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Blank, Rebecca M.

    2007-01-01

    Rebecca Blank explores a weakness of the welfare reforms of the mid-1990s--the failure of the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families program to address the plight of so-called "hard to employ" single mothers and their children. TANF has moved many women on the welfare caseload into work, but the services it provides are not intensive or flexible…

  3. Windows of Opportunity: Strategies To Support Families Receiving Welfare and Other Low-Income Families in the Next Stage of Welfare Reform.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sweeney, Eileen; Schott, Liz; Lazere, Ed; Fremstad, Shawn; Goldberg, Heidi; Guyer, Jocelyn; Super, David; Johnson, Clifford

    This report describes an array of innovative strategies and practical ideas for helping low-income families with children. There is a window of opportunity for these new strategies as many states have tremendous financial resources available. The Temporary Assistance For Needy Families (TANF) program rules have been clarified, and families are…

  4. Characteristics of Substance-Abusing Women on Welfare: Findings from the Evaluation of CASAWORKS for Families Pilot Demonstration

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gutman, Marjorie A.; Ketterlinus, Robert D.; McLellan, A. Thomas

    2003-01-01

    Aim: To describe and compare the characteristics and needs of substance-abusing women on Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) who enroll in a multi-service "welfare to work" program (n = 673) with two other relevant groups: (a) women from the general TANF population in the same locales (n = 157) and (b) a sample of…

  5. Influence of Maternal Health Literacy on Child Participation in Social Welfare Programs: The Philadelphia Experience

    PubMed Central

    Mohamad, Zeinab; Cnaan, Avital; Kavanagh, Jane; Shea, Judy A.

    2010-01-01

    We examined the influence of maternal health literacy on child participation in social welfare programs. In this cohort, 20% of the mothers had inadequate or marginal health literacy. Initially, more than 50% of the families participated in Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), the Food Stamp Program, and Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children, whereas fewer than 15% received child care subsidies or public housing. In multivariate regression, TANF participation was more than twice as common among children whose mothers had adequate health literacy compared with children whose mothers had inadequate health literacy. PMID:20634468

  6. Trauma-informed Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF): A Randomized Controlled Trial with a Two-Generation Impact.

    PubMed

    Booshehri, Layla G; Dugan, Jerome; Patel, Falguni; Bloom, Sandra; Chilton, Mariana

    2018-01-01

    Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) has limited success in building self-sufficiency, and rarely addresses exposure to trauma as a barrier to employment. The objective of the Building Wealth and Health Network randomized controlled trial was to test effectiveness of financial empowerment combined with trauma-informed peer support against standard TANF programming. Through the method of single-blind randomization we assigned 103 caregivers of children under age six into three groups: control (standard TANF programming), partial (28-weeks financial education), and full (same as partial with simultaneous 28-weeks of trauma-informed peer support). Participants completed baseline and follow-up surveys every 3 months over 15 months. Group response rates were equivalent throughout. With mixed effects analysis we compared post-program outcomes at months 9, 12, and 15 to baseline. We modeled the impact of amount of participation in group classes on participant outcomes. Despite high exposure to trauma and adversity results demonstrate that, compared to the other groups, caregivers in the full intervention reported improved self-efficacy and depressive symptoms, and reduced economic hardship. Unlike the intervention groups, the control group reported increased developmental risk among their children. Although the control group showed higher levels of employment, the full intervention group reported greater earnings. The partial intervention group showed little to no differences compared with the control group. We conclude that financial empowerment education with trauma-informed peer support is more effective than standard TANF programming at improving behavioral health, reducing hardship, and increasing income. Policymakers may consider adapting TANF to include trauma-informed programming.

  7. Self-Esteem and Sharing in Fourth-Grade Children.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Miller, Shirley M.; And Others

    1981-01-01

    Children (N=64) in a fourth-grade class were given 20 tokens for drawing a picture and then had the option of donating any or all of the tokens to either "needy children" or for "a class prize." Sharing with needy children was positively correlated with self-esteem. (Author)

  8. Workforce Investment Act: Coordination of TANF Services through One-Stops Has Increased Despite Challenges. Testimony before the Subcommittee on Employment, Safety, and Training, Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, U.S. Senate. Statement of Sigurd R. Nilsen, Director, Education, Workforce, and Income Security Issues.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Nilsen, Sigurd R.

    Coordination between Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)-related programs and Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (WIA)'s one-stop centers increased since spring 2000, when WIA was first implemented. Nearly all states reported some coordination between the programs at either the state or the local level. Most often, coordination took one…

  9. The Correlates and Consequences of Welfare Exit and Entry: Evidence from the Three-City Study. Working Paper.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Moffitt, Robert; Winder, Katie

    The dramatic decline in Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) caseloads in the 1990s has focused attention on the process of exit from, and, to a lesser extent, entry into, the welfare system. This paper charts the process of turnover in the TANF program in three major U.S. cities over an 18-month, post-PWORA period and documents its…

  10. Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 890) to prohibit waivers relating to compliance with the work requirements for the program of block grants to States for temporary assistance for needy families, and for other purposes.

    THOMAS, 113th Congress

    Rep. Cole, Tom [R-OK-4

    2013-03-12

    House - 03/13/2013 On agreeing to the resolution Agreed to by recorded vote: 233 - 194 (Roll no. 65). (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status Agreed to in HouseHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  11. Welfare Reform: Progress in Meeting Work-Focused TANF Goals. Testimony before the Subcommittee on Human Resources, Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fagnoni, Cynthia M.

    The General Accounting Office (GAO) examined progress in meeting work-focused goals of the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program. The following issues were considered: (1) states' progress in implementing TANF; (2) the status of families who have left welfare; (3) the characteristics of adults currently receiving TANF; (4) states'…

  12. Welfare Reform. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Human Resources of the Committee on Ways and Means. House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, First Session.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Committee on Ways and Means.

    This report presents the testimony and submissions presented at one of a series of hearings on welfare reform and reauthorization of the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program. The statement by Cynthia M. Fagnoni, managing director of education, workforce, and income security issues at the U.S. General Accounting Office, assesses…

  13. Older Paraprofessionals and Families in Distress: The Needy Old in Service to the Needy Young.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Geoglio, Gerald R.

    As caseloads and reports of child abuse and neglect increase, social service agencies have developed new and varied approaches to effectively serve troubled families. Increasingly, the volunteer and the paid paraprofessional are being used to maintain needed services and to stretch limited dollars. The New Jersey Division of Youth and Family…

  14. SNAP-Based Incentive Programs at Farmers' Markets: Adaptation Considerations for Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Recipients.

    PubMed

    Wetherill, Marianna S; Williams, Mary B; Gray, Karen A

    2017-10-01

    To describe the design, implementation, and consumer response to a coupon-style intervention aimed to increase Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) use at a farmers' market (FM) among Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) participants. A quasi-experimental trial to evaluate redemption response to 2 coupon interventions; baseline surveys characterized coupon redeemers and non-redeemers. Urban. The TANF recipients were assigned to either a plain (n = 124) or targeted marketing coupon intervention (n = 130). Both groups received 10 $2 coupons to double fruit and vegetable SNAP purchases at the FM. The targeted marketing group also received an oral presentation designed to reduce perceived barriers to FM use. Coupon redemption. The researchers used t tests and chi-square/Fisher exact tests to examine associations between redeemers and non-redeemers; logistic regression was used to adjust for the intervention. No male and few female participants redeemed coupons (6.3%). Among women, those with knowledge of vegetable preparation were 3 times more likely to redeem coupons than were those with little or no knowledge (odds ratio = 3.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-13.77). Stand-alone coupon incentive programs may not be a high-reach strategy for encouraging FM use among the population using TANF. Complementary strategies to build vegetable preparation knowledge and skills are needed. Copyright © 2017 Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  15. Work Activity and Obstacles to Work among TANF Recipients. New Federalism: National Survey of America's Families, Series B, No. B-2. Assessing the New Federalism: An Urban Institute Program To Assess Changing Social Policies.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Zedlewski, Sheila R.

    Dramatic shifts from cash assistance to work, embodied in the 1996 replacement of Aid to Families with Dependent Children with Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), highlight the need to understand how current cash assistance recipients participate in required work-related activities and obstacles faced in getting and keeping jobs. The…

  16. Welfare to Work: Ties between TANF and Workforce Development. Hearing before the Subcommittee on 21st Century Competitiveness of the Committee on Education and the Workforce. House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, Second Session.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Committee on Education and the Workforce.

    This Congressional report contains the testimony presented at a hearing to examine the extent to which Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) work services are being provided through the one-stop career centers established through the Workforce Investment Act and to determine how such linkages are impacting program participants. The oral…

  17. Welfare Reform: With TANF Flexibility, States Vary in How They Implement Work Requirements and Time Limits. Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Human Resources, Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    General Accounting Office, Washington, DC.

    In this report, the General Accounting Office (GAO) examined how different states are implementing the work requirements and time limits called for by the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program. Data were collected from site visits in 4 states, telephone interviews with TANF officials in 8 additional states, and a survey…

  18. The critical role of social workers in home-based primary care.

    PubMed

    Reckrey, Jennifer M; Gettenberg, Gabrielle; Ross, Helena; Kopke, Victoria; Soriano, Theresa; Ornstein, Katherine

    2014-01-01

    The growing homebound population has many complex biomedical and psychosocial needs and requires a team-based approach to care (Smith, Ornstein, Soriano, Muller, & Boal, 2006). The Mount Sinai Visiting Doctors Program (MSVD), a large interdisciplinary home-based primary care program in New York City, has a vibrant social work program that is integrated into the routine care of homebound patients. We describe the assessment process used by MSVD social workers, highlight examples of successful social work care, and discuss why social workers' individualized care plans are essential for keeping patients with chronic illness living safely in the community. Despite barriers to widespread implementation, such social work involvement within similar home-based clinical programs is essential in the interdisciplinary care of our most needy patients.

  19. "Where's My Choice?" An Examination of Veteran and Provider Experiences With Hepatitis C Treatment Through the Veteran Affairs Choice Program.

    PubMed

    Tsai, Jack; Yakovchenko, Vera; Jones, Natalie; Skolnik, Avy; Noska, Amanda; Gifford, Allen L; McInnes, D Keith

    2017-07-01

    The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) is the country's largest provider for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The VA created the Choice Program, which allows eligible veterans to seek care from community providers, who are reimbursed by the VA. This study aimed to examine perspectives and experiences with the VA Choice Program among veteran patients and their HCV providers. Qualitative study based on semistructured interviews with veteran patients and VA providers. Interview transcripts were analyzed using rapid assessment procedures based in grounded theory. A total of 38 veterans and 10 VA providers involved in HCV treatment across 3 VA medical centers were interviewed. Veterans and providers were asked open-ended questions about their experiences with HCV treatment in the VA and through the Choice Program, including barriers and facilitators to treatment access and completion. Four themes were identified: (1) there were difficulties in enrollment, ongoing support, and billing with third-party administrators; (2) veterans experienced a lack of choice in location of treatment; (3) fragmented care led to coordination challenges between VA and community providers; and (4) VA providers expressed reservations about sending veterans to community providers. The Choice Program has the potential to increase veteran access to HCV treatment, but veterans and VA providers have described substantial problems in the initial years of the program. Enhancing care coordination, incorporating shared decision-making, and establishing a wide network of community providers may be important areas for further development in designing community-based specialist services for needy veterans.

  20. Are the Poor Needy? Are the Needy Poor? The Distribution of Student Loans and Grants by Family Income Quartile in Canada

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Usher, Alex

    2004-01-01

    This study is one part of a two-part inquiry into subsidies for post-secondary education in Canada. Based on a combination of administrative and survey data, the study estimates the distribution of student loans and grants by family income quartile. The estimates suggest that roughly 40 percent of all loans and grants go to students from families…

  1. Hypnosis in nursing practice--emphasis on the "problem patient' who has pain--Part II.

    PubMed

    Zahourek, R P

    1982-04-01

    The program of treating burned patients with hypnosis was expanded to treating multi-problem and chronic pain patients on the same surgical unit at Denver General Hospital. The majority of patients received some benefit. Many gained control over intense pain and many increased their sense of self-esteem and mastery. The behavioral problems diminished and the staff became reinterested and reinvolved with these very needy people. Whether or not nurses elect to practice hypnosis, the principles are familiar and can be added to the repertory of nursing practice. Physical and psychological relaxation relieves distress and potentiates patients' comfort with or without pain medication. Communicate to the patient that what you are doing builds confidence and increases the probability that treatment wil be effective. Furthermore, recognizing imaginary capacities as powerful in promoting comfort adds an option for intervention not always considered or used by nurses. Whether or not nurses describe what they do as "hypnosis," the use of these techniques can be useful to their practice and to the patients in whom they attempt to alleviate suffering and promote comfort and growth.

  2. No Difference in Psychotropic Medication Use in Cosmetic and General Dermatology Patients.

    PubMed

    Hamilton, Heather K; Lilly, Evelyn; Arndt, Kenneth A; Dover, Jeffrey S

    2016-07-01

    Patients presenting for appearance-related concerns are often perceived as being more difficult (ie, more needy, more difficult to satisfy) than patients presenting for medical dermatologic problems. While the reasons for this perception are many, some hypothesize that this may be related to a higher rate of anxiety, depression, or body image issues among these patients.
    To determine the prevalence of psychotropic medication use in cosmetic dermatology patients compared to the prevalence of such medication use in general dermatology patients.
    METHODS & The study was a retrospective chart review of female patients, 18 or older, new to a private practice. Exclusion criteria included dermatologic disorders with known psychosocial comorbidity. Psychotropic medication use was recorded.
    The percentage of subjects in the medical group (n=156) who reported using psychotropic medications was 22.2% compared to 26.8% in the cosmetic group (n=154; P=0.09).
    The prevalence of psychotropic medication use among all dermatology patients in our practice was relatively high, but there was no statistically significant difference in the rate of psychotropic medication use in cosmetic dermatology patients compared to general dermatology patients.

    J Drugs Dermatol. 2016;15(7):858-861.

  3. The Impact of Foster Care and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) on Women's Drug Treatment Outcomes

    PubMed Central

    Lewandowski, Cathleen A.; Hill, Twyla J.

    2008-01-01

    This study assesses the impact of having a child in foster care and receiving cash benefits through Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) on women's completion of a residential drug treatment program. The study's hypothesis was that drug treatment completion rates for women who had children in foster care and/or who were receiving TANF would differ from women who did not receive these services. The sample included 117 women age 19 to 54, in a Midwestern state. Findings suggest that women with a child or children in foster care were less likely to complete treatment. Women receiving cash benefits were also somewhat less likely to complete treatment than women not receiving these services. Women with children in foster care had similar levels of psychological, employment, and drug and alcohol concerns as other women, as measured by the Addiction Severity Index. Future research should focus on identifying strategies that enhance retention rates of these vulnerable women. Implications for improving treatment retention are discussed in light of the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 and the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996. PMID:19122866

  4. Use of Prescription Assistance Programs After the Affordable Health Care Act.

    PubMed

    Khan, Ghazala; Karabon, Patrick; Lerchenfeldt, Sarah

    2018-03-01

    Insurance coverage in the United States seems to be in a state of unrest. The 2010 passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Health Care Act (ACA) extended health insurance coverage to roughly 32 million people. An increase in the number of people with health insurance benefits raised the question of whether prescription assistance programs (PAPs) would still be used after ACA implementation. To evaluate the use of PAPs following the implementation of the ACA insurance mandate. Health insurance was not required by the ACA until January 2014, so we retrospectively examined the use of drug company-sponsored PAPs before and after the ACA implementation. Since each PAP had its own qualifying criteria, any person who used a PAP through the assistance of NeedyMeds and its PAPTracker between the years of 2011 and 2016 were included for analysis. Data were pulled by NeedyMeds from the PAPTracker software, which produces completed PAP applications from drug manufacturer forms for PAPs. The number of PAP orders, number of unique patient orders, and annual patient prescription savings were assessed. Between 2011 and 2013, there was an average of 4.2 annual PAP orders per patient; however, annual PAP orders decreased to 3.1 per patient between 2014 and 2016 (P < 0.001). PAP orders declined by an average of 3.0% per month between 2014 and 2016 (P < 0.001), and average prescription savings per order increased from $870.40 before the ACA to $1,086.40 after ACA implementation (P = 0.0024). Patients saved an average of over $3,000 on prescriptions annually with the use of PAPs after the ACA mandate. Although health care reform is inevitable, our study showed that PAPs remain important to help cover prescription drug costs for eligible patients, even with invariable changes to health insurance, including a health insurance requirement. While the ACA may have been an important step forward in extending health insurance coverage to millions, PAPs are still used to help U.S. patients obtain their medications at no cost or very low cost. These programs will most likely remain relevant until other approaches are taken to help alleviate the effects of increasing drug prices in the United States. No outside funding supported this research. The authors have no relevant financial or nonfinancial relationships to disclose. Study concept and design were contributed by Khan, Lerchenfeldt, and Karabon. Khan collected the data, and all authors participated in data analysis. The manuscript was primarily written by Lerchenfeldt, along with Khan and Karabon, and revised by Lerchenfeldt, along with Karabon and Khan.

  5. Changing safety net of last resort: downsizing general assistance for employable adults.

    PubMed

    Anderson, Steven G; Halter, Anthony P; Gryzlak, Brian M

    2002-07-01

    General assistance (GA) has served as an income support program of last resort for people not eligible for other programs. Because each state has complete discretion to design its program, the GA services model parallels Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) in its reliance on decentralized government decision making. Thus, GA programs can provide lessons about services variability and common program features that have arisen in a decentralized income support system. This study examined the characteristics of state GA programs across several program dimensions--eligibility criteria, work requirements, time limits, administrative arrangements, and caseloads. The authors show that GA programs have changed from 1989 to 1998. Although most states retained GA programs in some form, caseloads declined as a result of tightening eligibility requirements for people considered employable. This casts doubt on the viability of GA as a safety net program for economically vulnerable people, including those who do not qualify for or exceed time limits under TANF.

  6. Workforce Investment Act: Coordination between TANF Programs and One-Stop Centers Is Increasing, but Challenges Remain. Statement of Sigurd R. Nilsen, Director, Education, Workforce, and Income Security Issues [to the] Subcommittee on 21st Century Competitiveness, Committee on Education and the Workforce, House of Representatives.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Nilsen, Sigurd R.

    The General Accounting Office assessed the extent to which states were coordinating their Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) services with their one-stop centers. Data were gathered through the following activities: (1) an autumn 2001 survey of workforce development agency officials in all 50 states and a similar survey conducted in…

  7. Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA); interpretation of "federal public benefit"--HHS. Notice with comment period.

    PubMed

    1998-08-04

    This notice with comment period interprets the term "Federal public benefit" as used in Title IV of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA), Pub. L. 104-193, and identifies the HHS programs that provide such benefits under this interpretation. According to section 401 if PRWORA, aliens who are not "qualified aliens" are not eligible for any "Federal public benefit," unless the "Federal public benefit" falls within a specified exception. A "Federal public benefit" includes "any grant, contract, loan, professional license, or commercial license" provided to an individual, and also "any retirement, welfare, health, disability, public or assisted housing, postsecondary education, food assistance, unemployment benefit, or any other similar benefit for which payments or assistance are provided to an individual, household, or family eligibility unit." Under section 432, providers of a non-exempt "Federal public benefit" must verify that a person applying for the benefit is a qualified alien and is eligible to receive the benefit. The HHS programs that provide "Federal public benefits" and are not otherwise excluded from the definition by the exceptions provided in section 401(b) are: Adoption Assistance Administration on Developmental Disabilities (ADD)-State Developmental Disabilities Councils (direct services only) ADD-Special Projects (direct services only) ADD-University Affiliated Programs (clinical disability assessment services only) Adult Programs/Payments to Territories Agency for Health Care Policy and Research Dissertation Grants Child Care and Development Fund Clinical Training Grant for Faculty Development in Alcohol & Drug Abuse Foster Care Health Profession Education and Training Assistance Independent Living Program Job Opportunities for Low Income Individuals (JOLI) Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP) Medicare Medicaid (except assistance for an emergency medical condition) Mental Health Clinical Training Grants Native Hawaiian Loan Program Refugee Cash Assistance Refugee Medical Assistance Refugee Preventive Health Services Program Refugee Social Services Formula Program Refugee Social Services Discretionary Program Refugee Targeted Assistance Formula Program Refugee Targeted Assistance Discretionary Program Refugee Unaccompanied Minors Program Refugee Voluntary Agency Matching Grant Program Repatriation Program Residential Energy Assistance Challenge Option (REACH) Social Services Block Grant (SSBG) State Child Health Insurance Program (CHIP) Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) While all of these programs provide "Federal public benefits" this does not mean that all benefits or services provided under these programs are "Federal public benefits." As discussed in sections II and III below, some benefits or services under these programs may not be provided to an "individual, household, or family eligibility unit" and, therefore, do not constitute "Federal public benefits" as defined by PRWORA.

  8. Welfare reform, employment, and drug and alcohol use among low-income women.

    PubMed

    Meara, Ellen

    2006-01-01

    In 1996 welfare reform legislation transformed income assistance for needy families by imposing work requirements, time-limited benefits, and explicit provisions allowing states to sanction recipients who fail to meet program requirements. Though they represent a minority of the welfare population, women with substance use disorders (SUDs) experience multiple, and more severe, employment barriers than other Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) recipients. This review of welfare reform, substance abuse, and employment documents the evidence to date regarding the employment patterns of women with SUDs before and after welfare reform, and proposes several topics for further research. Based on higher rates of unemployment, less work experience, and lower earnings when working, women with SUDs have worse employment records than other TANF recipients. Despite elevated employment barriers, women with SUDs left TANF after 1996 as fast as, or faster than, other women. Since the 1996 welfare reform, women with SUDs have increased their employment and earnings, but by less than similar women without SUDs. Future research should describe how specific state welfare policies relate to employment of low-income women with SUDs, how the well-being of these women and their children changes with employment, and how welfare and employment interact to affect access to health insurance among this population.

  9. The Impact of Exceeding TANF Time Limits on the Access to Healthcare of Low-Income Mothers.

    PubMed

    Narain, Kimberly; Ettner, Susan

    2017-01-01

    The objective of this article is to estimate the relationship of exceeding Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) time limits, with health insurance, healthcare, and health outcomes. The authors use Heckman selection models that exploit variability in state time-limit duration and timing of policy implementation as identifying exclusion restrictions to adjust the effect estimates of exceeding time limits for possible correlations between the probability of exceeding time limits and unobservable factors influencing the outcomes. The authors find that exceeding time limits decreases the predicted probability of Medicaid coverage, increases the predicted probability of being uninsured, and decreases the predicted probability of annual medical provider contact.

  10. Antipsychotic treatment among youth in foster care.

    PubMed

    Dosreis, Susan; Yoon, Yesel; Rubin, David M; Riddle, Mark A; Noll, Elizabeth; Rothbard, Aileen

    2011-12-01

    Despite national concerns over high rates of antipsychotic medication use among youth in foster care, concomitant antipsychotic use has not been examined. In this study, concomitant antipsychotic use among Medicaid-enrolled youth in foster care was compared with disabled or low-income Medicaid-enrolled youth. The sample included 16 969 youths younger than 20 years who were continuously enrolled in a Mid-Atlantic state Medicaid program and had ≥1 claim with a psychiatric diagnosis and ≥1 antipsychotic claim in 2003. Antipsychotic treatment was characterized by days of any use and concomitant use with ≥2 overlapping antipsychotics for >30 days. Medicaid program categories were foster care, disabled (Supplemental Security Income), and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). Multicategory involvement for youths in foster care was classified as foster care/Supplemental Security Income, foster care/TANF, and foster care/adoption. We used multivariate analyses, adjusting for demographics, psychiatric comorbidities, and other psychotropic use, to assess associations between Medicaid program category and concomitant antipsychotic use. Average antipsychotic use ranged from 222 ± 110 days in foster care to only 135 ± 101 days in TANF (P < .001). Concomitant use for ≥180 days was 19% in foster care only and 24% in foster care/adoption compared with <15% in the other categories. Conduct disorder and antidepressant or mood-stabilizer use was associated with a higher likelihood of concomitant antipsychotic use (P < .0001). Additional study is needed to assess the clinical rationale, safety, and outcomes of concomitant antipsychotic use and to inform statewide policies for monitoring and oversight of antipsychotic use among youths in the foster care system.

  11. Improving 24-Month Abstinence and Employment Outcomes for Substance-Dependent Women Receiving Temporary Assistance for Needy Families With Intensive Case Management

    PubMed Central

    Neighbors, Charles J.; Kuerbis, Alexis; Riordan, Annette; Blanchard, Kimberly A.; McVeigh, Katharine H.; Morgan, Thomas J.; McCrady, Barbara

    2009-01-01

    Objective. We examined abstinence rates among substance-dependent women receiving Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) in intensive case management (ICM) over 24 months and whether ICM yielded significantly better employment outcomes compared with a screen-and-refer program (i.e., usual care). Methods. Substance-dependent (n = 302) and non–substance dependent (n = 150) TANF applicants in Essex County, New Jersey, were recruited. We randomly assigned substance-dependent women to ICM or usual care. We interviewed all women at 3, 9, 15, and 24 months. Results. Abstinence rates were higher for the ICM group than for the usual care group through 24 months of follow-up (odds ratio [OR] = 2.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36, 3.29). A statistically significant interaction between time and group on number of days employed indicated that the rate of improvement over time in employment was greater for the ICM group than for the usual care group (incidence rate ratio = 1.03; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.04). Additionally, there were greater odds of being employed full time for those in the ICM group (OR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.12, 2.51). Conclusions. ICM is a promising intervention for managing substance dependence among women receiving TANF and for improving employment rates among this vulnerable population. PMID:19059855

  12. Improving the state of health programming by using diffusion theory.

    PubMed

    Dearing, James W

    2004-01-01

    Year by year, the gaps between what is known about behavior change and what is actually practiced in social programs grow larger, especially for community-based programs intended to help minority populations, the poor, and those living in inner-city and rural areas. Internationally, such gaps between the state of knowledge and the state of practice lead to disparities in health, education, and development among societal groups, demographic sub-populations, communities, and countries. Data about disparities are used as evidence of inequality. Here, I discuss uses of certain diffusion of innovation theory-based concepts to systematically redress problems of inequality and disparity by reducing the differences between evidence and practice in social programs that are implemented by intermediaries (practitioners) and communicated by them to needy populations. The emphasis here is on the integrated application of knowledge about innovation attributes, opinion leadership, and clustering from diffusion theory to achieve the objective of more extensive and more rapid diffusion of especially effective programs. A set of implementation steps are offered for researchers, funders of international health programs, and the intermediaries who implement health programs.

  13. Welfare, maternal work, and on-time childhood vaccination rates.

    PubMed

    Sohn, Min-Woong; Yoo, Joan; Oh, Elissa H; Amsden, Laura B; Holl, Jane L

    2011-12-01

    To examine effects of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families welfare cash assistance and maternal work requirements on "on-time" childhood vaccination rates. A stratified random sample of Illinois children from low-income families affected by welfare reform was monitored from 1997 to 2004. Medical records from pediatricians' offices and Medicaid claims data were used to identify the timeliness of 18 recommended vaccinations. Random-intercept logistic models were used to estimate on-time vaccine administration as a function of welfare receipt and maternal work with adjustment for characteristics of the children and mothers and time-varying covariates pertaining to the administration window for each recommended vaccine dose. Of all recommended vaccinations, 55.9% were administered on time. On-time vaccination rates were higher when families were receiving welfare than not (57.4% vs 52.8%). Children in families that either were receiving welfare or had working mothers were 1.7 to 2.1 times more likely to receive vaccinations on time compared with children in families that were not receiving welfare and did not have working mothers. When vaccine doses were stratified according to welfare status, maternal work was associated with decreased on-time vaccination rates (odds ratio: 0.73 [95% confidence interval: 0.59-0.90]) when families received welfare but increased on-time vaccination rates (odds ratio: 1.68 [95% confidence interval: 1.27-2.22]) when they did not receive welfare. These results indicate that maternal work requirements of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families had negative effects on timely administration of childhood vaccinations, although receipt of welfare itself was associated with increased on-time rates.

  14. Increasing benefits of energy assistance programs through oil furnace retrofits

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1981-07-01

    Four million low income households in the Unites States heat with fuel oil. Those in colder climates are confronting severe hardships. The Fuel Oil Marketing Advisory Committee (FOMAC) of the US Department of Energy (DOE) has documented the desperate nature of this situation, which continues to worsen as prices rise. For FY 1982, the Administration has proposed that HHS administer a four-year block grant to states combining LIEAP with emergency assistance to the needy, and has requested an authorization of $1.875 billion annually for the two combined programs. HHS has taken the position that states should now have the optionmore » of using Low Income Energy Assistance Program (LIEAP) monies for low cost weatherization including furnace retrofits. This report is intended for those who may be involved in making decisions about the nature of future energy assistance programs. The major sections of the report are evaluation of the Phildelphia Pilot Program, economics of an Oil Furnace Retrofit Program, and administrators' considerations. Each section is supported by appendices as listed in the table of contents.« less

  15. Antipsychotic Treatment Among Youth in Foster Care

    PubMed Central

    Yoon, Yesel; Rubin, David M.; Riddle, Mark A.; Noll, Elizabeth; Rothbard, Aileen

    2011-01-01

    OBJECTIVE: Despite national concerns over high rates of antipsychotic medication use among youth in foster care, concomitant antipsychotic use has not been examined. In this study, concomitant antipsychotic use among Medicaid-enrolled youth in foster care was compared with disabled or low-income Medicaid-enrolled youth. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The sample included 16 969 youths younger than 20 years who were continuously enrolled in a Mid-Atlantic state Medicaid program and had ≥1 claim with a psychiatric diagnosis and ≥1 antipsychotic claim in 2003. Antipsychotic treatment was characterized by days of any use and concomitant use with ≥2 overlapping antipsychotics for >30 days. Medicaid program categories were foster care, disabled (Supplemental Security Income), and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). Multicategory involvement for youths in foster care was classified as foster care/Supplemental Security Income, foster care/TANF, and foster care/adoption. We used multivariate analyses, adjusting for demographics, psychiatric comorbidities, and other psychotropic use, to assess associations between Medicaid program category and concomitant antipsychotic use. RESULTS: Average antipsychotic use ranged from 222 ± 110 days in foster care to only 135 ± 101 days in TANF (P < .001). Concomitant use for ≥180 days was 19% in foster care only and 24% in foster care/adoption compared with <15% in the other categories. Conduct disorder and antidepressant or mood-stabilizer use was associated with a higher likelihood of concomitant antipsychotic use (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Additional study is needed to assess the clinical rationale, safety, and outcomes of concomitant antipsychotic use and to inform statewide policies for monitoring and oversight of antipsychotic use among youths in the foster care system. PMID:22106072

  16. Teachers' social representations on drug use in a secondary school.

    PubMed

    Martini, Jussara Gue; Furegato, Antonia Regina Ferreira

    2008-01-01

    Increased concern regarding drug abuse among adolescents contributes to the elaboration of prevention programs at schools. This investigation aims to know teachers' social representations, regarding drug abuse, in a secondary school in Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. A total of 16 teachers of the 5th to 8th grades participated in the study. Data were collected through associations elaborated by teachers in response to the expression: drugs use/abuse. The teacher's representations are organized around a central concept - the vulnerable other: a needy adolescent, who becomes drugs user, highlighting the family, everyday coping, and the school's (in)visibility in prevention actions, as factors related. The complexity of factors involving drugs production, distribution and its commercialization, demands the implementation of actions that go beyond the scopes of education and health. The elaboration of inter-sector prevention programs considering local characteristics is necessary.

  17. Duration in Poverty-Related Programs and Number of Child Maltreatment Reports.

    PubMed

    Kim, Hyunil; Drake, Brett

    2017-02-01

    This study examined the relationship of a family's duration in poverty-related programs (i.e., Aid to Families with Dependent Children/Temporary Assistance for Needy Families and Medicaid) to the subject child's number of maltreatment reports while considering race and baseline neighborhood poverty. Children from a large Midwestern metropolitan area were followed through a linked cross-sector administrative database from birth to age 15. Generalized multilevel models were employed to account for the multilevel structure of the data (i.e., nesting of families within neighborhoods). The data showed a unique and significant contribution of duration in poverty-related programs to the number of maltreatment reports. The predicted number of maltreatment reports increased by between 2.5 and 3.7 times, as duration in poverty-related programs increased from 0 to 9 years. This relationship was consistent between Whites and non-Whites (over 98% Black), but non-Whites showed a significantly lower number of total maltreatment reports while controlling for duration in poverty-related programs. We were unable to find a significant association between child maltreatment reports and baseline neighborhood poverty.

  18. Judaism, justice, and access to health care.

    PubMed

    Mackler, A L

    1991-06-01

    This paper develops the traditional Jewish understanding of justice (tzedakah) and support for the needy, especially as related to the provision of medical care. After an examination of justice in the Hebrew Bible, the values and institutions of tzedakah in Rabbinic Judaism are explored, with a focus on legal codes and enforceable obligations. A standard of societal responsibility to provide for the basic needs of all, with a special obligation to save lives, emerges. A Jewish view of justice in access to health care is developed on the basis of this general standard, as well as explicit discussion in legal sources. Society is responsible for the securing of access to all health care needed by any individual. Elucidation of this standard of need and corresponding societal obligations, and the significance of the Jewish model for the contemporary United States, are considered.

  19. Racial disparity: substance dependency and psychological health problems among welfare recipients.

    PubMed

    Lee, Kyoung Hag; Hines, Lisa D

    2014-01-01

    This study explored the racial disparity of substance dependency and psychological health among White, African American, and Hispanic Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) recipients as well as the relationship between substance dependency and psychological health. It analyzed 1,286 TANF recipients from the 2006 National Survey on Drug Use and Health data. Analysis of variance indicated that Whites were experiencing more nicotine and alcohol dependency and psychological distress than others, but African Americans and Hispanics were experiencing more cocaine dependency than Whites. Ordinary least squares regression revealed that nicotine dependency is significantly related to the psychological distress of Whites. Alcohol dependency is significantly associated with the psychological distress of three groups. Culturally competent programs are suggested.

  20. 42 CFR 436.601 - Application of financial eligibility methodologies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... methodologies in determining financial eligibility of the following groups: (i) Qualified pregnant women and children under the mandatory categorically needy group under § 436.120; (ii) Low-income pregnant women...

  1. 42 CFR 436.601 - Application of financial eligibility methodologies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... methodologies in determining financial eligibility of the following groups: (i) Qualified pregnant women and children under the mandatory categorically needy group under § 436.120; (ii) Low-income pregnant women...

  2. 42 CFR 436.601 - Application of financial eligibility methodologies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... methodologies in determining financial eligibility of the following groups: (i) Qualified pregnant women and children under the mandatory categorically needy group under § 436.120; (ii) Low-income pregnant women...

  3. 42 CFR 436.601 - Application of financial eligibility methodologies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... methodologies in determining financial eligibility of the following groups: (i) Qualified pregnant women and children under the mandatory categorically needy group under § 436.120; (ii) Low-income pregnant women...

  4. 34 CFR 200.70 - Allocation of funds to LEAs in general.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 17, inclusive (hereinafter referred to as “formula children”)— (1) From families below the poverty... families above the poverty level receiving assistance under the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families...

  5. 34 CFR 200.70 - Allocation of funds to LEAs in general.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 17, inclusive (hereinafter referred to as “formula children”)— (1) From families below the poverty... families above the poverty level receiving assistance under the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families...

  6. 34 CFR 200.70 - Allocation of funds to LEAs in general.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 17, inclusive (hereinafter referred to as “formula children”)— (1) From families below the poverty... families above the poverty level receiving assistance under the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families...

  7. 34 CFR 200.70 - Allocation of funds to LEAs in general.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 17, inclusive (hereinafter referred to as “formula children”)— (1) From families below the poverty... families above the poverty level receiving assistance under the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families...

  8. Technology in School Foodservice Operations.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Callahan, Tom; Sharma, Vijay K.

    2002-01-01

    Describes the current state of technology to manage school food-service operations, including, for example, the use of automation to identify and feed needy students and the use of the Internet. Describes challenges of implementing an automated system. (PKP)

  9. Helping the in-group feels better: children's judgments and emotion attributions in response to prosocial dilemmas.

    PubMed

    Weller, Drika; Hansen Lagattuta, Kristin

    2013-01-01

    Five- to 13-year-old European American children (N = 76) predicted characters' decisions, emotions, and obligations in prosocial moral dilemmas. Across age, children judged that characters would feel more positive emotions helping an unfamiliar child from the racial in-group versus out-group (African American), happier ignoring the needs of a child from the racial out-group versus in-group, and greater obligation to help a child from the racial in-group versus out-group. Situations varied by whether the race of the needy child matched versus mismatched that of the focal character. With increasing age, children attributed more positive emotions to people who sacrifice their own desires to help needy others as well as became more discriminating about the situations that call for altruistic action. © 2012 The Authors. Child Development © 2012 Society for Research in Child Development, Inc.

  10. Population: fiction and fact.

    PubMed

    1979-09-01

    This article was written to refute some common misunderstandings regarding worldwide population levels and worldwide nutrition levels. The world food supply is able to keep pace with high population growth levels. Worl food production currently meets world need; the problem is a distribution system which allocates food only to those who can pay rather than to those who need it. In many developing countries, the best agricultural lands are reserved for commercial crops rather than for subsistence crops. The U.S. food aid program does not help the most needy nations generally. The rate of world population growth is already slowing down. The desire for large families in developing countries is very often a realistic reaction to the prevailing economic system. Family planning programs will succeed. They will succeed even better in countries where general development planning is undertaken concurrently with family planning. Environmental problems are attributable to the consumption explosion in the rich countries rather than to the population explosion in the poor countries.

  11. Promoting the health of young adults in urban public universities: a case study from City University of New York.

    PubMed

    Freudenberg, Nicholas; Manzo, Luis; Mongiello, Lorraine; Jones, Hollie; Boeri, Natascia; Lamberson, Patricia

    2013-01-01

    Changing demographics of college students and new insights into the developmental trajectory of chronic diseases present universities with opportunities to improve population health and reduce health inequalities. The reciprocal relationships between better health and improved educational achievement also offer university health programs a chance to improve retention and graduation rates, a key objective for higher education. In 2007, City University of New York (CUNY), the nation's largest urban public university, launched Healthy CUNY, an initiative designed to offer life-time protection against chronic diseases and reduce health-related barriers to educational achievement. In its first 5 years, Healthy CUNY has shown that universities can mobilize students, faculty, and other constituencies to modify environments and policies that influence health. New policies on tobacco and campus food, enrollment of needy students in public food and housing assistance programs, and a dialogue on the role of health in academic achievement are first steps towards healthier universities.

  12. Depression's moderation of the effectiveness of intensive case management with substance-dependent women on temporary assistance for needy families: outpatient substance use disorder treatment utilization and outcomes.

    PubMed

    Kuerbis, Alexis N; Neighbors, Charles J; Morgenstern, Jon

    2011-03-01

    Intensive case management (ICM) is effective for facilitating entry into and retention in outpatient substance use disorder treatment (OSUDT) for low-income substance-dependent women; however, no studies have specifically examined the moderating impact of depressive symptoms on ICM. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether depressive symptoms moderated ICM's effect on OSUDT engagement, attendance, and outcomes for substance-dependent women on Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). It was hypothesized that highly depressed women would demonstrate worse outcomes on all indicators. Logistic regression and generalized estimating equations were used to determine depression's moderating impact on ICM in a secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of ICM to usual care provided by local public assistance offices in Essex County, NJ. Substance-dependent women (N = 294) were recruited while being screened for TANF eligibility and were followed for 24 months. Findings revealed that high levels of depressive symptoms moderated the effectiveness of ICM in unexpected directions for two outcome variables. Subjects with high levels of depressive symptoms in ICM were (a) significantly more likely to engage in at least one treatment program than those in usual care and (b) associated with the fewest mean drinks per drinking day across the 24-month follow-up period. Independent effects for high levels of depressive symptoms and ICM were also found to positively influence engagement, attendance, and percentage days abstinent. ICM is effective for substance-dependent women with a broad spectrum of depressive symptoms in enhancing OSUDT utilization and outcomes.

  13. Towards the systematic development of medical networking technology.

    PubMed

    Faust, Oliver; Shetty, Ravindra; Sree, S Vinitha; Acharya, Sripathi; Acharya U, Rajendra; Ng, E Y K; Poo, Chua Kok; Suri, Jasjit

    2011-12-01

    Currently, there is a disparity in the availability of doctors between urban and rural areas of developing countries. Most experienced doctors and specialists, as well as advanced diagnostic technologies, are available in urban areas. People living in rural areas have less or sometimes even no access to affordable healthcare facilities. Increasing the number of doctors and charitable medical hospitals or deploying advanced medical technologies in these areas might not be economically feasible, especially in developing countries. We need to mobilize science and technology to master this complex, large scale problem in an objective, logical, and professional way. This can only be achieved with a collaborative effort where a team of experts works on both technical and non-technical aspects of this health care divide. In this paper we use a systems engineering framework to discuss hospital networks which might be solution for the problem. We argue that with the advancement in communication and networking technologies, economically middle class people and even some rural poor have access to internet and mobile communication systems. Thus, Hospital Digital Networking Technologies (HDNT), such as telemedicine, can be developed to utilize internet, mobile and satellite communication systems to connect primitive rural healthcare centers to well advanced modern urban setups and thereby provide better consultation and diagnostic care to the needy people. This paper describes requirements and limitations of the HDNTs. It also presents the features of telemedicine, the implementation issues and the application of wireless technologies in the field of medical networking.

  14. 42 CFR 436.222 - Individuals under age 21 who meet the income and resource requirements of AFDC.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... GUAM, PUERTO RICO, AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS Options for Coverage as Categorically Needy Options for... nursing facility services are provided under the plan to individuals within the age group selected under...

  15. Getting welfare recipients to work : transportation and welfare reform : summary of conference proceedings

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1998-03-01

    Interest in the transportation barriers facing welfare recipients has been sparked by the : passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunities Reconciliation Act of : 1996 and the creation of Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF). ...

  16. Needing a Second Chance.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hargrave, Lou Ann

    2003-01-01

    Temporary Assistance to Needy Families offers welfare recipients a second chance for success. How good that chance will be depends on the next version of the legislation. If its work requirements do not allow for sufficient training, achieving success may be more difficult. (Author/JOW)

  17. 34 CFR 606.3 - What is an enrollment of needy students?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... that is not included in a “metropolitan statistical area” as defined by the Office of Management and... which does not exceed 150 percent of the amount equal to the poverty level as established by the United...

  18. Why Troubled Teenagers Might Turn to Satanism.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Curran, David K.

    1989-01-01

    Adolescent involvement in satanism is a symptom, not the actual ailment. Having counseling or mental health personnel in a high school allows needy students to refer themselves for counseling. Musical preference is a weak predictor of teenagers' attitudes toward the occult and satanism. (MLF)

  19. Liberia: National Security Interests in Transformational Development

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-03-25

    can take advantage of their needy and impressionable stage of development. Lawrence Kohlberg advanced the theory that moral development and moral... Kohlberg , Essays on Moral Development: Vol. 2. The Philosophy of Moral Development (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1984). 47 For more information on

  20. Violent crime and victim compensation: implications for social justice.

    PubMed

    Smith, Hayden P

    2006-06-01

    Restorative justice offers several innovative methods designed to heal the injury that the offender may have caused to the victim. One of these innovative methods is victim compensation, a form of income redistribution designed to redistribute wealth from offenders to victims of crime. Restitution, particularly through the Victim of Crime Act (VOCA), is a needs-based form of justice designed to assist the most needy victims of violent crime. Recent studies suggest that while state-level compensation programs may target poor, young, African American men, compensation at the national level tends to be received more by older, White women who experienced domestic violence. The author suggests that this disparity between state and local resource distribution in the allocation of victim compensation is a reflection of the ideological differences between the established theoretical frameworks of liberalism and radical feminism.

  1. 42 CFR 436.601 - Application of financial eligibility methodologies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... VIRGIN ISLANDS General Financial Eligibility Requirements and Options § 436.601 Application of financial... methodologies in determining financial eligibility of the following groups: (i) Qualified pregnant women and children under the mandatory categorically needy group under § 436.120; (ii) Low-income pregnant women...

  2. Human organs, scarcities, and sale: morality revisited.

    PubMed

    Kishore, R R

    2005-06-01

    Despite stringent and fine tuned laws most jurisdictions are not able to curb organ trafficking. Nor are they able to provide organs to the needy. There are reports of the kidnapping and murder of children and adults to "harvest" their organs. Millions of people are suffering, not because the organs are not available but because "morality" does not allow them to have access to the organs. Arguments against organ sale are grounded in two broad considerations: (1) sale is contrary to human dignity, and (2) sale violates equity. Both these objections are examined in this article and it is concluded that they reflect a state of moral paternalism rather than pragmatism. It is argued that a live human body constitutes a vital source of supply of organs and tissues and that the possibilities of its optimum utilisation should be explored. Commercialisation should be curbed not by depriving a needy person of his genuine requirements but by making the enforcement agencies efficient.

  3. Responding to Postsecondary Education Financing Pressures.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Longanecker, David A.

    Minnesota has adopted a financial policy that takes into account the increasing pressure to finance postsecondary education. The policy increases the price of college through increased tuition, while at the same time targeting sufficient financial aid to ensure educational opportunity for financially needy students. In practical terms, this…

  4. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE FOR THE WATER CATCHMENT PROTECTION AREA IN NTISAW, CAMEROON

    EPA Science Inventory

    We expect that the catchment area will increase food output for the community in addition to preserving the water source. Increased food output will benefit needy residents and allow them to focus more on education and economic development. Additionally, an area of sustainable...

  5. 77 FR 14808 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-13

    ... OMB Review; Comment Request Title: Descriptive Study of Tribal Temporary Assistance for Needy Families... and Families (ACF) is proposing an information collection activity as part of the Descriptive Study of... writing to the Administration for Children and Families, Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation, 370...

  6. Labor of Love: Foster Mothers, Caregiving, and Welfare Reform

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Critelli, Filomena M.

    2008-01-01

    Using a telephone survey, this study examined the experiences of 100 foster mothers who receive aid through Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). Foster mothers reported numerous difficulties with TANF, including frequent sanctions and case closings, limited work and training opportunities, and pervasive material hardships. Foster…

  7. Low Tuition, Progressive Taxation.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mingle, James R.

    1992-01-01

    The strategy for financing public higher education of using high tuition and student aid assumes, erroneously, that targeting subsidies directly to the needy makes a more equitable system, that the public will support the high-aid end of the equation, and that current and future students can repay debt. (MSE)

  8. The individual and beyond: a socio-rational choice model of service participation among homeless adults with substance abuse problems.

    PubMed

    Sosin, Michael R; Grossman, Susan F

    2003-01-01

    While substance user service programs can help homeless adults solve their substance use and housing problems, relatively few needy individuals use and complete these programs. The lack of participation is poorly explained by typical empirical studies, most of which consider the role in service participation of various personal traits and client problems. The current article instead seeks to explain service participation through the application of an alternative, "socio-rational choice" model. This model has three premises: Clients weigh the costs and benefits of participating in services against alternative uses of their time and resources. The clients' weighing procedures reflect their personal situations and perceptions of the treatment environment. The perceptions of their personal situations and perceptions of the treatment environment are affected by the manner in which clients react to representatives of service systems, members of their social network including both housed and homeless persons, and other individuals. Secondary evidence supports many of the model's hypotheses and generally suggests that homeless clients may be heavily affected by their experiences with individuals and systems with which they come into contact.

  9. More money, fewer lives: the cost effectiveness of welfare reform in the United States.

    PubMed

    Muennig, Peter; Caleyachetty, Rishi; Rosen, Zohn; Korotzer, Andrew

    2015-02-01

    We evaluated the economic benefits of Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) relative to the previous program, Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). We used pooled mortality hazard ratios from 2 randomized controlled trials-Connecticut Jobs First and the Florida Transition Program, which had follow-up from the early and mid-1990s through December 2011-and previous estimates of health and economic benefits of TANF and AFDC. We entered them into a Markov model to evaluate TANF's economic benefits relative to AFDC and weigh them against the potential health threats of TANF. Over the working life of the average cash assistance recipient, AFDC would cost approximately $28000 more than TANF from the societal perspective. However, it would also bring 0.44 additional years of life. The incremental cost effectiveness of AFDC would be approximately $64000 per life-year saved relative to TANF. AFDC may provide more value as a health investment than TANF. Additional attention given to the neediest US families denied cash assistance could improve the value of TANF.

  10. Public health and precision medicine share a goal.

    PubMed

    Vaithinathan, Asokan G; Asokan, Vanitha

    2017-05-01

    The advances made in genomics and molecular tools aid public health programs in the investigation of outbreaks and control of diseases by taking advantage of the precision medicine. Precision medicine means "segregating the individuals into subpopulations who vary in their disease susceptibility and response to a precise treatment" and not merely designing of drugs or creation of medical devices. By 2017, the United Kingdom 100,000 Genomes Project is expected to sequence 100,000 genomes from 70,000 patients. Similarly, the Precision Medicine Initiative of the United States plans to increase population-based genome sequencing and link it with clinical data. A national cohort of around 1 million people is to be established in the long term, to investigate the genetic and environmental determinants of health and disease, and further integrated to their electronic health records that are optional. Precision public health can be seen as administering the right intervention to the needy population at an appropriate time. Precision medicine originates from a wet-lab while evidence-based medicine is nurtured in a clinic. Linking the quintessential basic science research and clinical practice is necessary. In addition, new technologies to employ and analyze data in an integrated and dynamic way are essential for public health and precision medicine. The transition from evidence-based approach in public health to genomic approach to individuals with a paradigm shift of a "reactive" medicine to a more "proactive" and personalized health care may sound exceptional. However, a population perspective is needed for the precision medicine to succeed. © 2016 Chinese Cochrane Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

  11. 45 CFR 2541.40 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... and Health Services; Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Services; Maternal and Child Health....) and under the Public Health Services Act (42 U.S.C. 201 et seq.), Alcohol and Drug Abuse Treatment and...) Aid to Needy Families with Dependent Children (title IV-A of the Act, not including the Work Incentive...

  12. Friends, Foes, and Noncombatants: Notes on Public Education's Pressure Groups.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kaplan, George R.

    2000-01-01

    Appraises five major (nonchampioning) forces pressuring public education: the expanding role of business interests; uneven performance of education's own pressure groups; changing role of cultural conservatism; influence of new-breed information providers; and effects of shifting labels and definitions of political loyalty on needy schools. (MLH)

  13. Reciprocity and Dependency Considerations in Adult Donating and Verbal Judgments.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Peterson, Lizette; McCommis, Bruce

    The norms of social responsibility and reciprocity govern altruistic behavior. Children and adults show a consistent developmental trend in comparisons of their responses to positive reciprocal situations and their subsequent altruism. Research indicates, however, that children, given the choice to behaviorally aid a needy individual, choose more…

  14. TANF Participation in 2001.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Greenberg, Mark; Rahmanou, Hedieh

    During 2002, there were disputes about most aspects of the participation rate structure for Temporary Assistance for Needy Families. The Administration put forward, and the House adopted, a proposal to raise TANF participation rates to 70 percent over 5 years, require families to be in selected activities for 40 hours per week to be fully…

  15. Social Service Organizations and Welfare Reform.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fink, Barbara; Widom, Rebecca

    The Project on Devolution and Urban Change conducted a study to learn how new welfare policies and funding mechanisms, especially devolution and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families block grants, affect human service agencies in neighborhoods with high concentrations of welfare recipients and people living in poverty. Key personnel at 106…

  16. Older Teens in TANF Families: Overcoming Barriers to Self-Sufficiency.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kaplan, Jan

    2001-01-01

    Older teens living in families receiving Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) face serious sociodemographic disadvantages. When combined with the characteristic risk-taking behaviors of adolescence, these disadvantages pose a threat to TANF teens' immediate and future physical, psychological, and emotional health and to their long-term…

  17. Incidental Education (for Women) in Rural Communities.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Crosby, Valmai

    The Country Women's Association (CWA) is a nationwide Australian group that started in the 1920s in response to isolated women's need to socialize. The group's activities have expanded greatly over time. It distributes essential food and clothing to needy rural families, and its extensive involvement in incidental education for women includes…

  18. 26 CFR 53.4942(b)-1 - Operating foundations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... which, in addition to satisfying the assets test, the endowment test or the support test set forth in... disabled persons, elderly persons, needy widows, or children, and (B) Satisfies the endowment test set... determined on the basis of the facts and circumstances of each particular case. The test applied is a...

  19. 26 CFR 53.4942(b)-1 - Operating foundations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... which, in addition to satisfying the assets test, the endowment test or the support test set forth in... disabled persons, elderly persons, needy widows, or children, and (B) Satisfies the endowment test set... determined on the basis of the facts and circumstances of each particular case. The test applied is a...

  20. 26 CFR 53.4942(b)-1 - Operating foundations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... which, in addition to satisfying the assets test, the endowment test or the support test set forth in... disabled persons, elderly persons, needy widows, or children, and (B) Satisfies the endowment test set... determined on the basis of the facts and circumstances of each particular case. The test applied is a...

  1. 26 CFR 53.4942(b)-1 - Operating foundations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... which, in addition to satisfying the assets test, the endowment test or the support test set forth in... disabled persons, elderly persons, needy widows, or children, and (B) Satisfies the endowment test set... determined on the basis of the facts and circumstances of each particular case. The test applied is a...

  2. 26 CFR 53.4942(b)-1 - Operating foundations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... which, in addition to satisfying the assets test, the endowment test or the support test set forth in... disabled persons, elderly persons, needy widows, or children, and (B) Satisfies the endowment test set... determined on the basis of the facts and circumstances of each particular case. The test applied is a...

  3. Microenterprise Development: An Employment Option for Welfare Recipients.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Friedman, Pamela

    2001-01-01

    This document examines microenterprise development as an employment option for Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) recipients. The document begins with a brief discussion of the feasibility of self-employment as an option for TANF recipients, particularly in a slow economy. The next section answers policy questions pertaining to the…

  4. Follow the Money

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Doyle, William R.

    2008-01-01

    While most states continue to award large amounts of need-based aid to needy students so that they can go to college, private colleges and universities have not followed suit. The most current National Postsecondary Student Aid Survey shows that in non-doctoral private four-year institutions, those in the highest income brackets (students whose…

  5. 42 CFR 436.124 - Newborn children.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Newborn children. 436.124 Section 436.124 Public... the Categorically Needy § 436.124 Newborn children. (a) The agency must provide Medicaid eligibility to a child born to a woman who has applied for, has been determined eligible and is receiving...

  6. 42 CFR 436.124 - Newborn children.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Newborn children. 436.124 Section 436.124 Public... the Categorically Needy § 436.124 Newborn children. (a) The agency must provide Medicaid eligibility to a child born to a woman who has applied for, has been determined eligible and is receiving...

  7. 42 CFR 436.124 - Newborn children.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Newborn children. 436.124 Section 436.124 Public... the Categorically Needy § 436.124 Newborn children. (a) The agency must provide Medicaid eligibility to a child born to a woman who has applied for, has been determined eligible and is receiving...

  8. 42 CFR 436.124 - Newborn children.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Newborn children. 436.124 Section 436.124 Public... the Categorically Needy § 436.124 Newborn children. (a) The agency must provide Medicaid eligibility to a child born to a woman who has applied for, has been determined eligible and is receiving...

  9. 42 CFR 436.229 - Optional targeted low-income children.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Optional targeted low-income children. 436.229... Options for Coverage as Categorically Needy Options for Coverage of Families and Children and Aged, Blind, and Disabled Individuals, Including Pregnant Women § 436.229 Optional targeted low-income children...

  10. 42 CFR 436.124 - Newborn children.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Newborn children. 436.124 Section 436.124 Public... the Categorically Needy § 436.124 Newborn children. (a) The agency must provide Medicaid eligibility to a child born to a woman who has applied for, has been determined eligible and is receiving...

  11. 42 CFR 436.229 - Optional targeted low-income children.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Optional targeted low-income children. 436.229... Options for Coverage as Categorically Needy Options for Coverage of Families and Children and Aged, Blind, and Disabled Individuals, Including Pregnant Women § 436.229 Optional targeted low-income children...

  12. 42 CFR 436.229 - Optional targeted low-income children.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Optional targeted low-income children. 436.229... Options for Coverage as Categorically Needy Options for Coverage of Families and Children and Aged, Blind, and Disabled Individuals, Including Pregnant Women § 436.229 Optional targeted low-income children...

  13. 42 CFR 436.229 - Optional targeted low-income children.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Optional targeted low-income children. 436.229... Options for Coverage as Categorically Needy Options for Coverage of Families and Children and Aged, Blind, and Disabled Individuals, Including Pregnant Women § 436.229 Optional targeted low-income children...

  14. 42 CFR 436.229 - Optional targeted low-income children.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Optional targeted low-income children. 436.229... Options for Coverage as Categorically Needy Options for Coverage of Families and Children and Aged, Blind, and Disabled Individuals, Including Pregnant Women § 436.229 Optional targeted low-income children...

  15. Frontline Worker Responses to Domestic Violence Disclosure in Public Welfare Offices

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lindhorst, Taryn; Casey, Erin; Meyers, Marcia

    2010-01-01

    Although substantial numbers of women seeking Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) report domestic violence, few receive mandated services through the Family Violence Option (FVO). This study used transcripts of interviews between welfare caseworkers and their clients to identify and classify the responses made by workers to client…

  16. Union Members Are Community Members

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gray, David

    2013-01-01

    Unions serve their members' interests. But union members are also community members, and their interests go well beyond increasing pay and benefits. A local union president has found that his members are best served by participating in a community-wide coalition. Providing eyeglasses to needy students, promoting healthy eating, and increasing…

  17. Kidney transplant patients' attitudes towards self-management support: A Q-methodological study.

    PubMed

    Grijpma, J W; Tielen, M; van Staa, A L; Maasdam, L; van Gelder, T; Berger, S P; Busschbach, J J; Betjes, M G H; Weimar, W; Massey, E K

    2016-05-01

    Kidney transplant recipients face many self-management challenges. We aimed to identify profiles of attitudes towards self-management support (SMS) shortly after kidney transplantation. Profiles were generated using Q-methodology: In face-to-face interviews participants rank-ordered opinion statements on aspects of SMS according to agreement. Socio-demographic and medical characteristics were assessed using a questionnaire. By-person factor analysis was used to analyze the rankings and qualitative data was used to support choice of profiles. The resulting factors represent clusters of patients with similar attitudes towards SMS. Forty-three patients (mean age=56; 77% male) participated. Four profiles were identified: (A) transplant-focused and obedient; (B) holistic and collaborative; (C) life-focused and self-determined; and (D) was bipolar. The positive pole (D+) minimalizing and disengaged and the negative pole (D-) coping-focused and needy represent opposing viewpoints within the same profile. Socio-demographic and medical characteristics were not related to profile membership. Each profile represents a specific attitude on post-transplant life, responsibility for health and decision-making, SMS needs, and preferences for SMS. Patients vary in their attitude, needs and preferences for SMS indicating the necessity of providing personalized support after kidney transplantation. Health professionals should explore patients' SMS needs and adapt support accordingly. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  18. The color of welfare sanctioning: exploring the individual and contextual roles of race on TANF case closures and benefit reductions.

    PubMed

    Monnat, Shannon M

    2010-01-01

    This article investigates the individual and contextual roles of race on welfare sanctions: benefit cuts for failing to comply with work or other behavioral requirements under the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program. Using six years of federal administrative data, I advance previous welfare research by providing a nationally representative analysis of participant-, county-, and state-level predictors of welfare sanctioning. Using theories of racial classification, racialized social systems, and racial threat as guiding frameworks, I find that black and Latina women are at a greater risk of being sanctioned than white women. Further, although odds of a sanction are slightly reduced for black women living in counties with greater percentages of blacks, the opposite holds for Latinas, who are at an increased risk of being sanctioned in counties with greater percentages of Latinos.

  19. The association between EIC receipt and employment in a sample of drug using and non-drug using TANF recipients.

    PubMed

    Montoya, Isaac D; Brown, Victoria L

    2006-01-01

    This article examines the extent to which Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) recipients file income tax returns and take advantage of the Earned Income Credit (EIC), a program specifically designed to increase the economic self-sufficiency of lower income earners by supplementing earned and other income to make working more profitable. This study consisted primarily of Black and Hispanic women (n = 317), recruited for a longitudinal study designed to examine the effects of welfare reform on drug using and non-drug using welfare recipients. At the 2-year mark, 70% of the sample reported having ever filed an income tax return, of these 76% had received an EIC. Both hours worked and earnings were positively associated with EIC receipt. In this population, EIC appears to be a successful mechanism for improving economic self-sufficiency.

  20. Non-contributory social transfer programs in developing countries: A new dataset and research agenda.

    PubMed

    Dodlova, Marina; Giolbas, Anna; Lay, Jann

    2018-02-01

    Social transfer programs in developing countries are designed to contribute to poverty reduction by increasing the income of the poor in order to ensure minimal living standards. In addition, social transfers provide a safety net for the vulnerable, who are typically not covered by contributory social security. The question of how effective such programs are in achieving these aims has been the subject of numerous impact evaluations. However, the optimal design of such programs is still unclear. Even less is known about whether the adoption and implementation of transfer programs is really driven by poverty and neediness or whether other factors also have an influence. To investigate these and other research questions, we have developed a new dataset entitled Non-Contributory Social Transfer Programs (NSTP) in Developing Countries. One advantage of this dataset is that it traces 186 non-contributory programs from 101 countries back in time and presents them in panel form for the period up until 2015. The second advantage is that it contains all the details regarding the various programs' designs as well as information on costs and coverage in a coded format and thus facilitates both comparative quantitative and in-depth qualitative analyses. While describing the data we discuss a number of examples of how the dataset can be used to explore different issues related to social policies in developing countries. We present suggestive evidence that the adoption of social transfer programs is not based only on pro-poor motives, but rather that social policy choices differ between political regimes.

  1. Students Partner with Business, Community, and State

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ussach, H. B.

    2004-01-01

    An effort to kick-start local education and to keep students learning and going to college came in 1958 when Fall River optometrist Irving Fradkin started a citizens-based scholarship fund to help ambitious but needy public school graduates pay college tuition and textbook costs. With literally a dollar contributed here and a dollar contributed…

  2. 42 CFR 436.121 - Qualified family members.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Qualified family members. 436.121 Section 436.121... Coverage of the Categorically Needy § 436.121 Qualified family members. (a) Definition. A qualified family member is any member of a family, including pregnant women and children eligible for Medicaid under § 436...

  3. Accomplishments Arkansas Department of Higher Education, Fall 2002-Summer 2005

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Arkansas Department of Higher Education, 2005

    2005-01-01

    As part of this project, ADHE, together with the Arkansas Departments of Workforce Education, Economic Development and Human Services, the Arkansas Association of Two-Year Colleges, the Southern Good Faith Fund, sought funding from the Arkansas Transitional Employment Board for Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) funds to develop a…

  4. Videoconferencing as a Tool for Welfare and Workforce Reform.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kaplan, April; Van Lare, Barry

    2000-01-01

    This document explains how agencies serving recipients of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) can use videoconferencing as a tool for welfare and work force reform. The document begins with a brief overview of how videoconferencing and other communications technologies can be used in designing and delivering welfare and work force…

  5. Mutual Support Groups for Long-Term Recipients of TANF

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Anderson-Butcher, Dawn; Khairallah, Angela Oliver; Race-Bigelow, Janis

    2004-01-01

    This study examined the effect of involvement in mutual support groups on long-term recipients of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and other vulnerable individuals. From qualitative interviews with nine group members, the study identified key themes, benefits, and barriers related to involvement in the groups. Content analysis of the…

  6. 42 CFR 435.201 - Individuals included in optional groups.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Individuals included in optional groups. 435.201... optional groups. (a) The agency may choose to cover as optional categorically needy any group or groups of... eligibility criteria for groups specified in the separate sections of this subpart: (1) Aged individuals (65...

  7. 42 CFR 435.201 - Individuals included in optional groups.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Individuals included in optional groups. 435.201... Individuals included in optional groups. (a) The agency may choose to cover as optional categorically needy any group or groups of the following individuals who are not receiving cash assistance and who meet...

  8. Merit Aid to College Students.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Baum, Sandra R.; Schwartz, Saul

    1988-01-01

    Merit scholarships, an attempt to maintain the number and quality of students in the face of declining enrollments, are a bad idea for society and for individual institutions. Merit aid will assist students who would have attended college anyway and hurt needy students who might not be able to attend. Includes two tables, eight notes, and 11…

  9. Community Service Employment: A New Opportunity under TANF. Revised Edition.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Savner, Steve; Greenberg, Mark

    Under Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), states face steadily increasing work participation requirements. The TANF structure presents one new option: the ability to use TANF funds for community service employment in wage-paying, publicly funded jobs designed to provide work for individuals and to address unmet community needs. A…

  10. Screening and Assessment for Physical and Mental Health Issues That Impact TANF Recipients' Ability To Work.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kramer, Fredrica D.

    2001-01-01

    This document examines screening and assessment for physical and mental health conditions that impact Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) recipients' ability to work. The document begins by defining screening and assessment and discussing their relevance for agencies serving TANF recipients. The next section answers policy questions…

  11. 42 CFR 436.217 - Individuals receiving home and community-based services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... THE VIRGIN ISLANDS Options for Coverage as Categorically Needy Options for Coverage of Families and... receiving home and community-based services. The agency may provide Medicaid to any group or groups of individuals in the community who meet the following requirements: (a) The group would be eligible for Medicaid...

  12. 77 FR 24667 - TANF Assistance and Electronic Benefit Transfer Transactions; Request for Public Comment

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-25

    ... Family Assistance (OFA) is interested in learning about how States deliver Temporary Assistance to Needy... types of restrictions on assistance usage. OFA also is interested in learning about States' current... as ``the use of a credit or debit card service, automated teller machine, point-of-sale terminal, or...

  13. 42 CFR 435.170 - Pregnant women eligible for extended coverage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... needy Medicaid eligibility for an extended period following termination of pregnancy to women who, while pregnant, applied for, were eligible for, and received Medicaid services on the day that their pregnancy ends. This period extends from the last day of pregnancy through the end of the month in which a 60-day...

  14. 42 CFR 435.170 - Pregnant women eligible for extended coverage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... needy Medicaid eligibility for an extended period following termination of pregnancy to women who, while pregnant, applied for, were eligible for, and received Medicaid services on the day that their pregnancy ends. This period extends from the last day of pregnancy through the end of the month in which a 60-day...

  15. The State of Our Children: Kids Count in Vermont. 1994 Data Book.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Finn, Carlen; And Others

    This KIDS COUNT factbook presents statistical data and examines trends for several indicators of children's well-being in Vermont. Four groups of indicators are examined: (1) economic security, including child population, child poverty, number of children receiving Aid to Needy Families with Children (ANFC) and food stamps, number of children…

  16. Workforce Development: Employment Retention and Advancement Under TANF. Technical Paper.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Patel, Nisha

    In this report, employment retention and advancement under Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) was examined by reviewing research findings regarding labor market development since 1996. According to the research, most of those moving from welfare to work have found employment in low-wage jobs and experienced frequent job losses and…

  17. Racial Recipients, Value of Donations, and Sharing Behavior in Children

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Zinser, Otto; And Others

    1976-01-01

    A total of 66 white preschool and 66 white second and third graders were shown a painted profile of a boy of one of three races; told about his poor background; and asked to donate to their assigned needy boy from two types of candy, rated as to attractiveness. (MS)

  18. 42 CFR 436.121 - Qualified family members.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Qualified family members. 436.121 Section 436.121... Coverage of the Categorically Needy § 436.121 Qualified family members. (a) Definition. A qualified family member is any member of a family, including pregnant women and children eligible for Medicaid under § 436...

  19. Using Unspent TANF Funds to Further Self-Sufficiency among Welfare Recipients.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Copeland, Ivory

    2000-01-01

    The issue of unspent Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) funds has become increasingly important with the progression of welfare reform. Some support reserving the funds for an eventual economic downturn, whereas others urge investing the funds in services for hard-to-serve welfare recipients and broader low-income participation. States…

  20. 20 CFR 416.1142 - If you live in a public assistance household.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    .... 416.1142 Section 416.1142 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Income In-Kind Support and Maintenance § 416.1142 If you live in... IV-A of the Social Security Act (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families); (2) Title XVI of the...

  1. Who's Teaching Math to Our Most Needy Students? A Descriptive Study

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rosas, Clarissa; Campbell, Lisa

    2010-01-01

    The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) mandates that every classroom be staffed with a "highly qualified teacher." Research supports that teachers' content knowledge affects student achievement. However, the special education population continues to be taught by teachers who do not have the content area background they teach. In addition,…

  2. 20 CFR 416.1142 - If you live in a public assistance household.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    .... 416.1142 Section 416.1142 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND DISABLED Income In-Kind Support and Maintenance § 416.1142 If you live in... IV-A of the Social Security Act (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families); (2) Title XVI of the...

  3. Barriers to College: Lack of Preparation vs. Financial Need

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cavanagh, Sean

    2004-01-01

    As politicians, academic leaders, and researchers decry the impact of college tuition fee increases for needy students, others say such concerns mask a more serious barrier for college aspirants: lack of academic preparation. The debate was renewed last week with the publication of a book from the Century Foundation analyzing the reasons…

  4. From Poverty to Self-Sufficiency: The Role of Postsecondary Education in Welfare Reform.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Center for Women Policy Studies, Washington, DC.

    This report provides policymakers with information necessary to demonstrate that postsecondary education is an effective route from poverty to true self-sufficiency and prosperity for low-income women. It discusses the impact of the 1996 Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) statute and the TANF reauthorization bill, the Personal…

  5. Learning from Leaders: Welfare Reform Politics and Policy in Five Midwestern States.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Weissert, Carol S., Ed.

    This book examines welfare reform, occasioned by the federal Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), which abolished Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) and replaced it with Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). It is based on research in Ohio, Kansas, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Michigan that…

  6. Make Kids Count: The State of Arizona's Children, 2000.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hudgins, Elizabeth; Naimark, Dana Wolfe

    This Kids Count report examines statewide trends between 1990 and 1998 in the well-being of Arizona's children. The statistical portrait is based on several indicators of well-being, including: (1) children in poverty; (2) babies born at risk; (3) children in families receiving Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF); (4) children in…

  7. Identifying the poorest older Americans.

    PubMed

    Fisher, Jonathan D; Johnson, David S; Marchand, Joseph T; Smeeding, Timothy M; Torrey, Barbara B

    2009-11-01

    Public policies target a subset of the population defined as poor or needy, but rarely are people poor or needy in the same way. This is particularly true among older adults. This study investigates poverty among older adults in order to identify who among them is financially worst off. We use 20 years of data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey to examine the income and consumption of older Americans. The poverty rate is cut in fourth if both income and consumption are used to define poverty. Those most likely to be poor defined by only income but not poor defined by income and consumption together are married, White, and homeowners and have a high school diploma or higher. The income poor alone display sufficient assets to raise consumption above poverty thresholds, whereas the consumption poor are shown to have income just above the poverty threshold and few assets. The poorest among the older population are those who are income and consumption poor. Understanding the nature of this double poverty population is important in measuring the success of future public policies to reduce poverty among this group.

  8. The influence of maternal health literacy and child's age on participation in social welfare programs.

    PubMed

    Pati, Susmita; Siewert, Elizabeth; Wong, Angie T; Bhatt, Suraj K; Calixte, Rose E; Cnaan, Avital

    2014-07-01

    The objective of this study is to determine the influence of maternal health literacy and child's age on participation in social welfare programs benefiting children. In a longitudinal prospective cohort study of 560 Medicaid-eligible mother-infant dyads recruited in Philadelphia, maternal health literacy was assessed using the test of functional health literacy in adults (short version). Participation in social welfare programs [Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF), Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), child care subsidy, and public housing] was self-reported at child's birth, and at the 6, 12, 18, 24 month follow-up interviews. Generalized estimating equations quantified the strength of maternal health literacy as an estimator of program participation. The mothers were primarily African-Americans (83%), single (87%), with multiple children (62%). Nearly 24% of the mothers had inadequate or marginal health literacy. Children whose mothers had inadequate health literacy were less likely to receive child care subsidy (adjusted OR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.34-0.85) than children whose mothers had adequate health literacy. Health literacy was not a significant predictor for TANF, SNAP, WIC or housing assistance. The predicted probability for participation in all programs decreased from birth to 24 months. Most notably, predicted WIC participation declined rapidly after age one. During the first 24 months, mothers with inadequate health literacy could benefit from simplified or facilitated child care subsidy application processes. Targeted outreach and enrollment efforts conducted by social welfare programs need to take into account the changing needs of families as children age.

  9. Characteristics of Youths with Hearing Loss Admitted to Substance Abuse Treatment

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Titus, Janet C.; Schiller, James A.; Guthmann, Debra

    2008-01-01

    The purpose of this study is to provide a profile of youths with hearing loss admitted to substance abuse treatment facilities. Intake data on 4,167 youths (28% female; 3% reporting a hearing loss) collected via the Global Appraisal of Individual Need-I assessment was used for the analyses. Information on demographics, environmental…

  10. Work First and Forget about Education: New York City's Personal Responsibility Act and the Creation of a Working Underclass.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jones-Brown, Delores; Mahoney, Jacqueline

    2001-01-01

    Though New York City's welfare reform act claims to emphasize personal responsibility, its design diminishes the possibility of sustained, meaningful employment or long-term economic stability for substantial numbers of Temporary Assistance for Needy Family recipients. By focusing on gaining employment, the act ignores well-established avenues to…

  11. Welfare, Work and Raising Children: Conversations with Twenty-One Maine Families.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hastedt, Christine B.; Smith, Rebekah J.

    Five years after the massive overhaul of the nation's welfare system, 21 Maine families receiving public assistance spoke about their lives during welfare reform. The following were among the key themes that emerged throughout the conversations: (1) those leaving Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) often remain poor or very nearly poor;…

  12. Salvaging NY's School "Contracts." Policy Briefing No. 4

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Meyer, Peter

    2008-01-01

    The centerpiece of former Governor Elliot Spitzer's education reform agenda was a set of performance agreements between the state and designated needy school districts. Known as Contracts for Excellence, or C4E, these agreements would eventually be linked to over a quarter of the new state aid proposed in the governor's first budget. C4E districts…

  13. 42 CFR 436.128 - Coverage for certain qualified aliens.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Coverage for certain qualified aliens. 436.128... Mandatory Coverage of the Categorically Needy § 436.128 Coverage for certain qualified aliens. The agency... § 440.255(c) of this chapter to those aliens described in § 436.406(c) of this subpart. [55 FR 36820...

  14. 42 CFR 436.128 - Coverage for certain qualified aliens.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Coverage for certain qualified aliens. 436.128... Mandatory Coverage of the Categorically Needy § 436.128 Coverage for certain qualified aliens. The agency... § 440.255(c) of this chapter to those aliens described in § 436.406(c) of this subpart. [55 FR 36820...

  15. 42 CFR 436.128 - Coverage for certain qualified aliens.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Coverage for certain qualified aliens. 436.128... Mandatory Coverage of the Categorically Needy § 436.128 Coverage for certain qualified aliens. The agency... § 440.255(c) of this chapter to those aliens described in § 436.406(c) of this subpart. [55 FR 36820...

  16. 42 CFR 436.128 - Coverage for certain qualified aliens.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Coverage for certain qualified aliens. 436.128... Mandatory Coverage of the Categorically Needy § 436.128 Coverage for certain qualified aliens. The agency... § 440.255(c) of this chapter to those aliens described in § 436.406(c) of this subpart. [55 FR 36820...

  17. 42 CFR 436.128 - Coverage for certain qualified aliens.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Coverage for certain qualified aliens. 436.128... Mandatory Coverage of the Categorically Needy § 436.128 Coverage for certain qualified aliens. The agency... § 440.255(c) of this chapter to those aliens described in § 436.406(c) of this subpart. [55 FR 36820...

  18. 42 CFR 435.116 - Qualified pregnant women and children who are not qualified family members.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Qualified pregnant women and children who are not... Categorically Needy Mandatory Coverage of Pregnant Women, Children Under 8, and Newborn Children § 435.116 Qualified pregnant women and children who are not qualified family members. (a) The agency must provide...

  19. 42 CFR 435.116 - Qualified pregnant women and children who are not qualified family members.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Qualified pregnant women and children who are not... Categorically Needy Mandatory Coverage of Pregnant Women, Children Under 8, and Newborn Children § 435.116 Qualified pregnant women and children who are not qualified family members. (a) The agency must provide...

  20. 42 CFR 435.116 - Qualified pregnant women and children who are not qualified family members.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Qualified pregnant women and children who are not... Categorically Needy Mandatory Coverage of Pregnant Women, Children Under 8, and Newborn Children § 435.116 Qualified pregnant women and children who are not qualified family members. (a) The agency must provide...

  1. 45 CFR 286.75 - What must be included in the Tribal Family Assistance Plan?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ...-related services for the three-year period covered by the plan, including: (1) Information on the general eligibility criteria the Tribe has established, which includes a definition of “needy family,” including income and resource limits and the Tribe's definition of “Tribal member family” or “Indian family.” (2) A...

  2. 45 CFR 286.75 - What must be included in the Tribal Family Assistance Plan?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ...-related services for the three-year period covered by the plan, including: (1) Information on the general eligibility criteria the Tribe has established, which includes a definition of “needy family,” including income and resource limits and the Tribe's definition of “Tribal member family” or “Indian family.” (2) A...

  3. 45 CFR 286.75 - What must be included in the Tribal Family Assistance Plan?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...-related services for the three-year period covered by the plan, including: (1) Information on the general eligibility criteria the Tribe has established, which includes a definition of “needy family,” including income and resource limits and the Tribe's definition of “Tribal member family” or “Indian family.” (2) A...

  4. Mothers' Work: Single Mothers' Employment, Earnings, and Poverty in the Age of Welfare Reform.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Levitan, Mark; Gluck, Robin

    Employment, earnings, and poverty among single mothers in New York City and across the United States in the age of welfare reform were examined to identify goals and recommendations for reauthorization of legislation regulating Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). The study indicated that although job holding by single mothers has risen…

  5. The Diversity of Welfare Leavers. Welfare, Children & Families: A Three City Study. Policy Brief.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Moffitt, Robert; Roff, Jennifer

    This report charts the experiences of women who have done better or worse than average after leaving Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, highlighting differences in: education, health, and other characteristics; whether or not they were sanctioned before leaving; and welfare dependency (amount of time spent on welfare before leaving and off…

  6. Studying the Impact of Federal and State Changes in Student Aid Policy at the Campus Level.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fenske, Robert H.; Dillon, Kathryn A.; Porter, John D.

    1997-01-01

    Argues that shifts in government policies can produce unintended consequences for needy students and the institutions they attend, and illustrates how campus units can cooperate to examine the impact of these changes through creation of longitudinal databases and data warehousing techniques. Describes the approach used and results of a study at…

  7. 75 FR 62841 - Award of a Single-Source Grant to Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-13

    ... the child-only Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) client population. Chapin Hall's... and more detailed picture of the TANF child-only caseload, including the dynamics of client entry and..., to gather policy information about a vulnerable and important ACF client group. OPRE will administer...

  8. From Welfare to Work: Lessons for ESL Learners.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Green, Elaine

    This lesson plan guide is designed to be used by English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) teachers to help their learners deal with new welfare legislation--Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF)--and to prepare them for the world of work. Learners at the high beginner to low intermediate level and above will benefit from this instruction. All…

  9. Fragile Families and Welfare Reform: An Introduction. JCPR Working Paper.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Garfinkel, Irwin; McLanahan, Sara S.; Tienda, Marta; Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne

    This paper summarizes a collection of papers in a special issue that examines what resources and capabilities parents likely to be affected by Temporary Assistance for Needy Families have; whether these parents are likely to be good parents; the nature of parents' relationships and whether they will be able to cooperate in raising their children;…

  10. Student Loans: Are We Getting Our Money's Worth?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Elliott, William

    2014-01-01

    Given the increasing expectation that students should bear most of the college-cost burden, loans have been the largest form of financial aid since 1982, a shift that has been particularly hard on needy students. Loan-aversion has contributed to the access problem for these students, while facilitating more privileged students' ability to…

  11. MUJER: Mothers United for Jobs, Education, and Results. 1997-8 Project FORWARD Project-based Learning Project Summary.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Green, Anson M.

    Students in the Culebra Road GED/JOBS (General Educational Development/Job Opportunities and Basic Skills) class, an adult education class for Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) students, created their own website. First, students completed a computer literacy survey to gauge their computer skills. Next, students were encouraged to…

  12. Financial Disincentives for Welfare Clients to Enter Public Service Employment: The Vermont Experience. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Nadworny, M. J.; And Others

    From a comparative economic viewpoint, does regular employment secured through temporary subsidized Special Work training afford the publicly supported individual any marginal advantage over his welfare status? A study of 279 Aid to Needy Families with Children (ANFC) recipients was conducted to address this question. The median annual dollar…

  13. The Extended TANF Application Period and Applicant Outcomes: Evidence from Wisconsin

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cancian, Maria; Noyes, Jennifer L.; Ybarra, Marci

    2012-01-01

    This article examines the characteristics and income patterns associated with welfare entry and nonentry in the context of an extended application period for a sample of 1,664 women who applied for Temporary Assistance for Needy Families services in Wisconsin in the fall of 2006. The study uses data derived from the systematic review of caseworker…

  14. On Solving the Equation f(x) = f[superscript -1](x)

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Leng, Ng Wee; Him, Ho Foo

    2012-01-01

    Learners are all different and teachers are all different, so why do we often ignore this reality when trying to explain, or demystify, some aspect of mathematics in the classroom? Enabling learning can be challenging, demanding of creativity, and needy of alternatives if understanding is the real goal. Here the authors offer ideas that are aimed…

  15. Catholic Schools' Mission to Serve Needy Children Jeopardized by Closings

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Zehr, Mary Ann

    2005-01-01

    The challenges of keeping Catholic schools open in working-class neighborhoods were brought home last February 2005, when the Archdiocese of Chicago announced it would close 23 elementary schools and merge or consolidate four others in June 2005. Two weeks earlier, the Diocese of Brooklyn in New York City decided to close 26 elementary schools in…

  16. From Heroic Victims to Competent Comrades: Views of Adult Literacy Learners in the Research Literature

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Belzer, Alisa; Pickard, Amy

    2015-01-01

    This research synthesis analyzed qualitative depictions of adult literacy learners and identified five ways in which they are typically characterized: the Heroic Victim, the Needy (Problem) Child, the Broken (but Repairable) Cog, the Pawn of Destiny, and the Capable Comrade. These types do not capture the diversity or complexity of all adult…

  17. Building a Nation That Works: Designing TANF for the Workplace.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jobs for the Future, Boston, MA.

    Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) needs to focus more directly on what happens in the workplace and consider the needs of employers. Employers identify skill levels of both job applicants and employees as a major obstacle to employing and retaining TANF recipients and other entry-level workers as well as the cost of entry-level…

  18. 75 FR 17313 - Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Carry-Over Funds

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-06

    .... SUMMARY: This final rule implements the statutory change to section 404(e) of the Social Security Act as enacted by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. This change allows States, Tribes and... published at 74 FR 25161 on May 27, 2009, is adopted as a final rule without change. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION...

  19. Service-linked scholarships, loans, and loan repayment programs for nurses in the southeast.

    PubMed

    Thaker, Samir I; Pathman, Donald E; Mark, Barbara A; Ricketts, Thomas C

    2008-01-01

    A variety of public and private programs provide financial support for the costs of nurses' training in exchange for service commitments to work in rural, underserved, and other needy areas. Little is known about the number, size, and operations of these support-for-service programs for nurses. We identified and in this article describe such programs in eight southeastern states. Eligible programs were those that in 2004 paid for all or a portion of nurses' education costs in exchange for a period of clinical nursing service within one or more of the eight targeted states. Programs obligating nurses to a specific hospital, practice, or community or to teaching roles were excluded. Programs were identified through available compendia, online searches, and telephone contacts with program directors, nursing school administrators, and state officials. Additional data on eligible programs were gathered through telephone interviews and questionnaires mailed to program staff and from publicly available documents. Data were double coded, and qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted. Twenty-four nursing support-for-service programs met our eligibility criteria in the eight-state region: nine scholarship programs; six loan repayment programs; five service-cancelable loan programs; two loan interest rate reduction programs; and two direct incentive programs. These programs had fiscal year 2004 budgets totaling approximately $28.8-31.8 million; collectively, they received approximately 11,700 applications from nurses, signed approximately 8,300 contracts, and had a combined field strength of approximately 4,900 nurses working to fulfill their program obligations. Individual states offered between zero and five eligible programs each. Support-for-service programs are a substantial component of federal and state nursing workforce distribution efforts in the Southeast. Future research should identify and describe these programs for other regions, measure outcomes, and offer recommendations to maximize their effectiveness in alleviating nursing shortages.

  20. Rasch Analyses of Very Low Food Security among Households and Children in the Three City Study*

    PubMed Central

    Moffitt, Robert A.; Ribar, David C.

    2017-01-01

    The longitudinal Three City Study of low-income families with children measures food hardships using fewer questions and some different questions from the standard U.S. instrument for measuring food security, the Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM) in the Current Population Survey (CPS). We utilize a Rasch measurement model to identify thresholds of very low food security among households and very low food security among children in the Three City Study that are comparable to thresholds from the HFSSM. We also use the Three City Study to empirically investigate the determinants of food insecurity and of these specific food insecurity outcomes, estimating a multivariate behavioral Rasch model that is adapted to address longitudinal data. The estimation results indicate that participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program reduce food insecurity, while poverty and disability among caregivers increase it. Besides its longitudinal structure, the Three City Study measures many more characteristics about households than the CPS. Our estimates reveal that financial assistance through social networks and a household's own financial assets reduce food insecurity, while its outstanding loans increase insecurity. PMID:29187764

  1. Rasch Analyses of Very Low Food Security among Households and Children in the Three City Study.

    PubMed

    Moffitt, Robert A; Ribar, David C

    2016-04-01

    The longitudinal Three City Study of low-income families with children measures food hardships using fewer questions and some different questions from the standard U.S. instrument for measuring food security, the Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM) in the Current Population Survey (CPS). We utilize a Rasch measurement model to identify thresholds of very low food security among households and very low food security among children in the Three City Study that are comparable to thresholds from the HFSSM. We also use the Three City Study to empirically investigate the determinants of food insecurity and of these specific food insecurity outcomes, estimating a multivariate behavioral Rasch model that is adapted to address longitudinal data. The estimation results indicate that participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program reduce food insecurity, while poverty and disability among caregivers increase it. Besides its longitudinal structure, the Three City Study measures many more characteristics about households than the CPS. Our estimates reveal that financial assistance through social networks and a household's own financial assets reduce food insecurity, while its outstanding loans increase insecurity.

  2. The influence of maternal health literacy and child’s age on participation in social welfare programs

    PubMed Central

    Pati, Susmita; Siewert, Elizabeth; Wong, Angie T.; Bhatt, Suraj K.; Calixte, Rose E.; Cnaan, Avital

    2013-01-01

    Objective To determine the influence of maternal health literacy and child’s age on participation in social welfare programs benefiting children. Methods In a longitudinal prospective cohort study of 560 Medicaid-eligible mother-infant dyads recruited in Philadelphia, maternal health literacy was assessed using the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (short version). Participation in social welfare programs (Temporary Assistance to Needy Families [TANF], Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program [SNAP], Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children [WIC], child care subsidy, and public housing) was self-reported at child’s birth, and at the 6, 12, 18, 24 month follow-up interviews. Generalized estimating equations quantified the strength of maternal health literacy as an estimator of program participation. Results The mothers were primarily African-Americans (83%), single (87%), with multiple children (62%). Nearly 24% of the mothers had inadequate or marginal health literacy. Children whose mothers had inadequate health literacy were less likely to receive child care subsidy (adjusted OR= 0.54, 95% CI: 0.34–0.85) than children whose mothers had adequate health literacy. Health literacy was not a significant predictor for TANF, SNAP, WIC or housing assistance. The predicted probability for participation in all programs decreased from birth to 24 months. Most notably, predicted WIC participation declined rapidly after age one. Conclusions During the first 24 months, mothers with inadequate health literacy could benefit from simplified or facilitated child care subsidy application processes. Targeted outreach and enrollment efforts conducted by social welfare programs need to take into account the changing needs of families as children age. PMID:23990157

  3. From Widowhood to Wickedness: The Politics of Class and Gender in New York City Private Charity, 1799-1860.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gilman, Amy

    1984-01-01

    Vast changes took place in urban benevolence toward poor females in the first half of the nineteenth century. Agencies started by upper-class women as private organizations to support needy women became agencies run by salaried, professional, male charity workers whose job it was to train and discipline poor females. (RM)

  4. Welfare Reform: Federal Oversight of State and Local Contracting Can Be Strengthened. Report to Congressional Requesters.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Nilsen, Sigurd R.

    The General Accounting Office (GAO) reviewed existing procedures to manage Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) contracting and also identified problems with regard to management of TANF contracting. The major data collection activities were as follows: (1) a national survey of all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the 10 counties…

  5. To Mrs. Roosevelt, Who "Looks for the Poor" and to FDR: The CCC Is "A Vain Effort to Placate Youth." Teaching Ideas.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cohen, Robert

    1996-01-01

    Utilizes letters to the First Lady and President Roosevelt as primary sources for a series of activities supporting a unit on the Great Depression. The letter to Mrs. Roosevelt asks for some old clothes for a needy family. The letter to President Roosevelt expresses dissatisfaction with his efforts. (MJP)

  6. Blending Community Service and Teaching to Open Vision Care and Eye Health Awareness to University Students

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Do, Chi-wai; Chan, Lily Y. L.; Wong, Horace H. Y.; Chu, Geoffrey; Yu, Wing Yan; Pang, Peter C. K.; Cheong, Allen M. Y.; Ting, Patrick Wai-ki; Lam, Thomas Chuen; Kee, Chea-su; Lam, Andrew; Chan, Henry H. L.

    2016-01-01

    A vision care-based community service subject is offered to general university students for fulfillment of a service-learning compulsory credit requirement. Here, a professional health subject is taught in a way that caters to generalist learners. Students gain basic skills they can apply to provide vision screenings for the needy population. All…

  7. 42 CFR 435.137 - Disabled widows and widowers who would be eligible for SSI except for the increase in disability...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Disabled widows and widowers who would be eligible... of the Categorically Needy Mandatory Coverage of the Aged, Blind, and Disabled § 435.137 Disabled... to aged, blind, or disabled individuals receiving SSI or State supplements, the agency much provide...

  8. 42 CFR 435.137 - Disabled widows and widowers who would be eligible for SSI except for the increase in disability...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Disabled widows and widowers who would be eligible... of the Categorically Needy Mandatory Coverage of the Aged, Blind, and Disabled § 435.137 Disabled... to aged, blind, or disabled individuals receiving SSI or State supplements, the agency much provide...

  9. 42 CFR 435.137 - Disabled widows and widowers who would be eligible for SSI except for the increase in disability...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Disabled widows and widowers who would be eligible... of the Categorically Needy Mandatory Coverage of the Aged, Blind, and Disabled § 435.137 Disabled... to aged, blind, or disabled individuals receiving SSI or State supplements, the agency much provide...

  10. Putting It All Together. County by County Data and Action Agenda. Illinois Kids Count 1998-1999.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Voices for Illinois Children, Chicago.

    This Kids Count report examines statewide trends in the well-being of Illinois' children, focusing on the impact of federal and state welfare reform. The statistical portrait is based on 14 indicators of well-being: (1) families receiving Temporary Assistance for Needy Families; (2) child support enforcement; (3) children enrolled in Head Start or…

  11. Analyzing Student Aid Packaging To Improve Low-Income and Minority Student Access, Retention and Degree Completion. AIR 1999 Annual Forum Paper.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fenske, Robert H.; Porter, John D.; DuBrock, Caryl P.

    This study examined the persistence of and financial aid to needy students, underrepresented minority students, and women students, especially those majoring in science, engineering, and mathematics at a large public research university. An institutional student tracking and student financial aid database was used to follow four freshmen cohorts…

  12. Tracking Financial Aid and Persistence of Women, Minority, and Needy Students in Science, Engineering, and Mathematics.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fenske, Robert H.; Porter, John D.; DuBrock, Caryl P.

    2000-01-01

    This longitudinal study followed four consecutive freshmen cohorts at a large urban public university. Found science, engineering, and mathematics (SEM) students persisted and graduated at higher rates than non-SEM majors. Gift aid for SEM majors was more likely to be merit-based than need-based. Women, but not underrepresented minorities or needy…

  13. Coping Strategies of International Chinese Undergraduates in Response to Academic Challenges in U.S. Colleges

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Heng, Tang

    2018-01-01

    Background/Context: One in three international students in the U.S. comes from China, propelled by a steep increase in undergraduate enrollment in U.S. colleges. This phenomenon has been accompanied by negative media discourse that portrays them as needy, passive, and unable to cope with their new educational demands. Purpose/Objective: Using a…

  14. Feminist Perspectives on TANF Reauthorization: An Introduction to Key Issues for the Future of Welfare Reform. Briefing Paper.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Peterson, Janice

    Current debates about welfare reform center on the upcoming reauthorization of the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) legislation. The provisions of TANF include the elimination of the entitlement to cash assistance, block grant funding to the states, mandatory work requirements, sanctions, a 5-year limit on cash assistance, and…

  15. Child Care: States Increased Spending on Low-Income Families. Report to Congressional Requesters.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Shaul, Marnie S.

    Recognition of the link between child care and the success of welfare reform has given rise to questions about how states are spending child care funds provided through Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) and the Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF). At the request of members of Congress, this report from the General Accounting Office…

  16. Putting the Learning in Service Learning: From Soup Kitchen Models to the Black Metropolis Model

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Manley, Theodoric, Jr.; Buffa, Avery S.; Dube, Caleb; Reed, Lauren

    2006-01-01

    Results of the Black Metropolis Model (BMM) of service learning are analyzed and illustrated in this article to explain how to "put the learning in service learning." There are many soup kitchens or nontransforming models of service learning where students are asked to serve needy populations but internalize and learn little about the…

  17. The Aftermath of Welfare Reform: Health, Health Insurance, and Access to Care among Families Leaving TANF in Oregon

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Seccombe, Karen; Hartley, Heather; Newsom, Jason; Hoffman, Kim; Marchand, Gwen C.; Albo, Christina; Gordon, Cathy; Zaback, Tosha; Lockwood, Richard; Pope, Clyde

    2007-01-01

    This research reports the initial findings of a statewide study that looks at health, insurance, and access to health care among families leaving Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) for work. Most national and state-level evaluation projects focus primarily on the employment characteristics of TANF leavers and pay little or no attention…

  18. 77 FR 63340 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comments Requested: FEL Out-of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-16

    ... business or operation is discontinued and succeeded by a new licensee or new permittee to reflect that fact... operation is absolute, deliver records to any ATF office located in the region in which the business or operation was located or to ATF Out of Business Records Center, 244 Needy Road, Martinsburg, WV 25405 within...

  19. Children and Welfare Reform: What Policy Theories Are Being Implemented in States Where Most Poor Children Live?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Johnson, Cathy Marie; Gais, Thomas Lewis; Lawrence, Catherine

    This paper revisits 1997-98 findings that indicated that during the first years of state implementation of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), states were most likely to implement the environment theory, which claims that children benefit socially and psychologically from being part of a household in which caregivers have jobs, and…

  20. 45 CFR 264.70 - What makes a State eligible to receive a provisional payment of contingency funds?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... provisional payment of contingency funds? 264.70 Section 264.70 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public... Contingency Fund? § 264.70 What makes a State eligible to receive a provisional payment of contingency funds? (a) In order to receive a provisional payment of contingency funds, a State must: (1) Be a needy...

  1. Monitoring Outcomes for Cuyahoga County's Welfare Leavers: How Are They Faring?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Verma, Nandita; Coulton, Claudia

    A Cuyahoga County, Ohio, study focused on two cohorts: pre-Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) leavers who left in the third quarter of 1996 and post-TANF leavers who left in the third quarter of 1998. Outcomes were examined for about 6,151 adult welfare leavers. Findings indicated the rate of leaving welfare increased between 1996-98;…

  2. Support for redistribution is shaped by compassion, envy, and self-interest, but not a taste for fairness.

    PubMed

    Sznycer, Daniel; Lopez Seal, Maria Florencia; Sell, Aaron; Lim, Julian; Porat, Roni; Shalvi, Shaul; Halperin, Eran; Cosmides, Leda; Tooby, John

    2017-08-01

    Why do people support economic redistribution? Hypotheses include inequity aversion, a moral sense that inequality is intrinsically unfair, and cultural explanations such as exposure to and assimilation of culturally transmitted ideologies. However, humans have been interacting with worse-off and better-off individuals over evolutionary time, and our motivational systems may have been naturally selected to navigate the opportunities and challenges posed by such recurrent interactions. We hypothesize that modern redistribution is perceived as an ancestral scene involving three notional players: the needy other, the better-off other, and the actor herself. We explore how three motivational systems-compassion, self-interest, and envy-guide responses to the needy other and the better-off other, and how they pattern responses to redistribution. Data from the United States, the United Kingdom, India, and Israel support this model. Endorsement of redistribution is independently predicted by dispositional compassion, dispositional envy, and the expectation of personal gain from redistribution. By contrast, a taste for fairness, in the sense of ( i ) universality in the application of laws and standards, or ( ii ) low variance in group-level payoffs, fails to predict attitudes about redistribution.

  3. Support for redistribution is shaped by compassion, envy, and self-interest, but not a taste for fairness

    PubMed Central

    Lopez Seal, Maria Florencia; Sell, Aaron; Lim, Julian; Porat, Roni; Halperin, Eran; Cosmides, Leda; Tooby, John

    2017-01-01

    Why do people support economic redistribution? Hypotheses include inequity aversion, a moral sense that inequality is intrinsically unfair, and cultural explanations such as exposure to and assimilation of culturally transmitted ideologies. However, humans have been interacting with worse-off and better-off individuals over evolutionary time, and our motivational systems may have been naturally selected to navigate the opportunities and challenges posed by such recurrent interactions. We hypothesize that modern redistribution is perceived as an ancestral scene involving three notional players: the needy other, the better-off other, and the actor herself. We explore how three motivational systems—compassion, self-interest, and envy—guide responses to the needy other and the better-off other, and how they pattern responses to redistribution. Data from the United States, the United Kingdom, India, and Israel support this model. Endorsement of redistribution is independently predicted by dispositional compassion, dispositional envy, and the expectation of personal gain from redistribution. By contrast, a taste for fairness, in the sense of (i) universality in the application of laws and standards, or (ii) low variance in group-level payoffs, fails to predict attitudes about redistribution. PMID:28716928

  4. Welfare as Maternity Leave? Exemptions from Welfare Work Requirements and Maternal Employment

    PubMed Central

    Hill, Heather D.

    2012-01-01

    In some states, the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program offers the equivalent of paid maternity leave without job protection to low-income, single mothers of infants. Age-of-youngest-child (AYC) exemptions waive work requirements for TANF recipients after the birth of a child, generally for 3–12 months, depending on the state. This study uses data from the Current Population Survey (1998–2008) to examine whether the availability and length of AYC exemptions are predictive of rates of employment, work, and full-time work among low-educated single mothers with infants. The analysis uses the difference-in-differences (DD) technique, a comparison of outcomes under different policy treatments and between treatment and comparison groups. The results suggest that AYC exemptions are not related to employment or work rates but that living in a state with no AYC exemption is strongly and positively associated with rates of full-time work among low-educated mothers with infants. PMID:22654149

  5. Welfare as Maternity Leave? Exemptions from Welfare Work Requirements and Maternal Employment.

    PubMed

    Hill, Heather D

    2012-03-01

    In some states, the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program offers the equivalent of paid maternity leave without job protection to low-income, single mothers of infants. Age-of-youngest-child (AYC) exemptions waive work requirements for TANF recipients after the birth of a child, generally for 3-12 months, depending on the state. This study uses data from the Current Population Survey (1998-2008) to examine whether the availability and length of AYC exemptions are predictive of rates of employment, work, and full-time work among low-educated single mothers with infants. The analysis uses the difference-in-differences (DD) technique, a comparison of outcomes under different policy treatments and between treatment and comparison groups. The results suggest that AYC exemptions are not related to employment or work rates but that living in a state with no AYC exemption is strongly and positively associated with rates of full-time work among low-educated mothers with infants.

  6. Country report of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan.

    PubMed

    Osman, A

    1982-01-01

    Reports on current activities in training of nonphysician personnel for maternal-child health/family health care delivery in Sudan. Lists are provided for the following: the 5 types of facilities operated by the Ministry of Health; other training and services projects; and The Sudan Family Planning Association activities. It is felt that all of these activities need strengthening in the training component. The following projects are being planned by the Khartoum College of Nursing: 1) a family planning project in conjunction with the nutrition clinic in the Children's Hospital; 2) a family planning project in the Gazera irrigated area where community development projects are in existence; 3) a movement into the rural areas of 6 regions of the country of the Sudan Women's Union Health Education Program for Women Leaders; 4) a project for providing free maternity service to needy mothers through maternity homes located within easy reach. These homes are intended to give service and at the same time act as training centers in maternal-child health/family health care for nonphysician personnel.

  7. Welfare reform and women's health: review of the literature and implications for state policy.

    PubMed

    O'Campo, P; Rojas-Smith, L

    1998-01-01

    In August 1996, the Personal Responsibility Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (P.L. 104-193) was signed into law, ending a 60-year federal entitlement guaranteeing families some basic level of assistance during periods of economic hardship. Several components of this new legislation have the potential to impact upon the health and well-being of women and children. We summarize studies examining the relationship between welfare participation and physical and mental well-being of women and what is known about the effects of poverty on health; the patterns of employment among welfare participants and the health consequences of low-wage work on women; domestic violence among welfare recipients; the potential health consequences of the provisions of the new Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) program for women's and adolescent health; and the consequences of the new TANF provisions for the health and well-being of immigrant women. We discuss the implications for policy makers in monitoring and minimizing the negative impact of welfare reforms on women's health and well-being.

  8. OMB estimates indicate that 900,000 children will lose health insurance due to reductions in federal SCHIP funding.

    PubMed

    Park, Edwin; Ku, Leighton; Broaddus, Matthew

    2003-01-01

    Despite the success of the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) in reducing the ranks of uninsured children, the program now faces significant financing challenges. Analysis based on a model developed by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services indicates that by 2007, 20 states will have insufficient federal funding to sustain their current programs, with the first states affected in 2004. As a result, the Office of Management and Budget projected last year that SCHIP enrollment will fall by 900,000 children between 2003 and 2007. The funding shortfalls are the result of several factors. Federal SCHIP funding fell by 26 percent--by more than dollar 1 billion-in each of fiscal years 2002, 2003, and 2004; dollar 1.2 billion in SCHIP funds has already expired and reverted to the Treasury at the end of fiscal year 2002, and another dollar 1.5 billion will expire at the end of 2003. The SCHIP program also has a redistribution system with targeting and timing problems. However, proposed Congressional legislation restoring federal funding, extending the dollar 2.7 billion in expiring funds, and targeting the funds to the states that most need them could avert most, if not all, of the projected enrollment decline. On the other hand, the Bush administration proposed to extend the expiring funds but does not target them to needy states; the proposal will do little to reduce the magnitude of the decline.

  9. Where is the F in MCH? Father involvement in African American families.

    PubMed

    Lu, Michael C; Jones, Loretta; Bond, Melton J; Wright, Kynna; Pumpuang, Maiteeny; Maidenberg, Molly; Jones, Drew; Garfield, Craig; Rowley, Diane L

    2010-01-01

    To: 1) review the historical contexts and current profiles of father involvement in African American families; 2) identify barriers to, and supports of, involvement; 3) evaluate the effectiveness of father involvement programs; and 4) recommend directions for future research, programs, and public policies. Review of observational and interventional studies on father involvement. Several historical developments (slavery, declining employment for Black men and increasing workforce participation for Black women, and welfare policies that favored single mothers) led to father absence from African American families. Today, more than two thirds of Black infants are born to unmarried mothers. Even if unmarried fathers are actively involved initially, their involvement over time declines. We identified multiple barriers to, and supports of, father involvement at multiple levels. These levels include intrapersonal (eg, human capital, attitudes and beliefs about parenting), interpersonal (eg, the father's relationships with the mother and maternal grandmother), neighborhoods and communities (eg, high unemployment and incarceration rates), cultural or societal (eg, popular cultural perceptions of Black fathers as expendable and irresponsible, racial stratification and institutionalized racism), policy (eg, Earned Income Tax Credit, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, child support enforcement), and life-course factors (eg, father involvement by the father's father). We found strong evidence of success for several intervention programs (eg, Reducing the Risk, Teen Outreach Program, and Children's Aid Society - Carrera Program) designed to prevent formation of father-absent families, but less is known about the effectiveness of programs to encourage greater father involvement because of a lack of rigorous research design and evaluation for most programs. A multi-level, life-course approach is needed to strengthen the capacity of African American men to promote greater involvement in pregnancy and parenting as they become fathers.

  10. 34 CFR 606.2 - What institutions are eligible to receive a grant under the Developing Hispanic-Serving...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... education is eligible to receive a grant under this part if— (1) At the time of application, it has an...) It provides assurances that not less than 50 percent of its Hispanic students are low-income individuals; (3) It has an enrollment of needy students as described in § 606.3(a), unless the Secretary...

  11. 34 CFR 606.2 - What institutions are eligible to receive a grant under the Developing Hispanic-Serving...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... education is eligible to receive a grant under this part if— (1) At the time of application, it has an...) It provides assurances that not less than 50 percent of its Hispanic students are low-income individuals; (3) It has an enrollment of needy students as described in § 606.3(a), unless the Secretary...

  12. 34 CFR 606.2 - What institutions are eligible to receive a grant under the Developing Hispanic-Serving...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... education is eligible to receive a grant under this part if— (1) At the time of application, it has an...) It provides assurances that not less than 50 percent of its Hispanic students are low-income individuals; (3) It has an enrollment of needy students as described in § 606.3(a), unless the Secretary...

  13. The Arizona Education Tax Credit and Hidden Considerations of Justice: Why We Ought To Fight Poverty, Not Taxes.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Moses, Michele S.

    2000-01-01

    Describes the Arizona education tax credit law as a voucher plan in disguise, and argues that the concept of justice underlying the law is an element largely missing from the school choice debate. Calls on educators and policymakers to concentrate on efforts to help needy students rather than to channel tax dollars toward self-interested ends.…

  14. Envisioning a Modern Federal-State Partnership in the Reauthorization of the HEA as an Engine to Increase Social Mobility

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Alexander, F. King; Arceneaux, Ashley

    2015-01-01

    Financial aid makes up the bulk of federal higher education spending, but do those dollars make a difference to needy students? A look at Federal Work-Study and Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant allocations show that a disproportionate amount of funding goes to private universities with high tuition and low Federal Pell Grant…

  15. The Well-Being of Children in Working Poor and Other Families: 1997 and 2004. Child Trends Research Brief. Publication #2008-33

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wertheimer, Richard; Moore, Kristin Anderson; Burkhauser, Mary

    2008-01-01

    When Congress reformed the welfare system in 1996, major goals of the legislation were to increase employment and income of needy families and to decrease child poverty. Another major goal was to improve child outcomes through increased parental employment and earnings along with other provisions of welfare reform. However, there was also concern…

  16. Taking back a little of what you have lost: the meaning of using an Environmental Control System (ECS) for people with high cervical spinal cord injury.

    PubMed

    Verdonck, Michele; Nolan, Maeve; Chard, Gill

    2017-09-22

    Assistive technologies have deep and personal meanings for people with disabilities. This study sought to provide an in-depth exploration of the subjective meaning of Environmental Control System (ECS) use for people with high cervical spinal cord injury. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to explore the personal meaning of ECS. In-depth interviews with five participants were analyzed according to recommended IPA guidelines to produce a rich phenomenological account of lived experience. This study identified two overarching themes, one of which was the subject of an earlier publication. This paper focuses on the second theme "taking back a little of what you have lost" and its two main components "reclaiming a little doing" and "feeling enabled". Doing everyday things, being less dependent on others and feeling safer and less needy all contributed to participants experience of regaining something important of what had been lost. A nuanced range of meanings, demonstrating how "a little can mean a lot" emerged from this study. For those with high cervical spinal cord injury, "reclaiming a little doing" resulted in subtle, but subjectively significant, improvements in identity, relationships and well-being, while "feeling enabled" was both enjoyable and empowering and led to an increased sense of safety and reduced neediness. The potentially powerful impact on individuals with life-altering injuries of reclaiming a little of what they had lost, supports the value of more widespread access to and provision of ECS. Implications for rehabilitation While ECS use produces only a "little" objective change in activity levels, it subjectively means "a lot" to people with high level injuries. ECS enable people to "do" everyday things as well help in supporting them to "feel" less dependent and needy. Using ECS facilitates much more than functional tasks and a sense of security. It helps promote positive self-perception and continuity of being. It is important for those with high cervical spinal cord injuries to have access to ECS to ensure they can enjoy both psychological and physical benefits.

  17. The mediating role of self-criticism and dependency in the association between perceptions of maternal caring and depressive symptoms.

    PubMed

    Campos, Rui C; Besser, Avi; Blatt, Sidney J

    2010-12-01

    This study examined a theoretically based mediation model including participants' perceptions of early relationships with their mother, self-criticism, dependency, and current depressive symptoms. We expect that (a) early relationships characterized by low levels of care and high levels of overprotection will be positively associated with both current depressive state and self-criticism and dependency; (b) high levels of self-criticism and dependency will be positively associated with depressive symptoms; and (c) self-criticism and dependency will play a mediating role in the association between participants' perceptions of early relationships characterized by low levels of care and high levels of overprotection and their current depressive symptoms. A nonclinical community sample of 200 Portuguese adults participated in the study. Perceptions of early relationships were measured using the mother scales of the Parental Bonding Instrument (Parker et al. [1979: Br J Med Psychol 52:1-10]), levels of self-criticism and dependency were measured using the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (Blatt et al. [1976: J Abn Psy 6:383-389]), and depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for the Epidemiological Studies of Depression Scale (Radloff [1977: Appl Psychol Meas 1:385-401]. Structural equation modeling showed that the link between participants' perceptions of early caretaking relationships with their mothers and their current depressive symptoms is mediated by high levels of self-criticism--a personality trait associated with vulnerability to depression--but not Dependency. However, an ancillary analysis indicated that the link between participants' perceptions of early maternal overprotective relationships and their current depressive symptoms is mediated by high levels of Neediness. Findings underscore the role of perceived early relationships in psychological vulnerability to depression among highly self-critical and among highly needy individuals and highlight the negative role played by perceived mothers' early dysfunctional practices, characterized by low levels of caring and high levels of overprotection, for the self-critical vulnerability to depression and by perceived mothers' high levels of overprotection, for the neediness vulnerability to depression. These potential causal mechanisms warrant longitudinal evaluation. Theoretical and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.

  18. The Building Wealth and Health Network: methods and baseline characteristics from a randomized controlled trial for families with young children participating in temporary assistance for needy families (TANF).

    PubMed

    Sun, Jing; Patel, Falguni; Kirzner, Rachel; Newton-Famous, Nijah; Owens, Constance; Welles, Seth L; Chilton, Mariana

    2016-07-16

    Families with children under age six participating in the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Program (TANF) must participate in work-related activities for 20 h per week. However, due to financial hardship, poor health, and exposure to violence and adversity, families may experience great difficulty in reaching self-sufficiency. The purpose of this report is to describe study design and baseline findings of a trauma-informed financial empowerment and peer support intervention meant to mitigate these hardships. We conducted a randomized controlled trial of a 28-week intervention called Building Wealth and Health Network to improve financial security and maternal and child health among caregivers participating in TANF. Participants, recruited from County Assistance offices in Philadelphia, PA, were randomized into two intervention groups (partial and full) and one control group. Participants completed questionnaires at baseline to assess career readiness, economic hardship, health and wellbeing, exposure to adversity and violence, and interaction with criminal justice systems. Baseline characteristics demonstrate that among 103 participants, there were no significant differences by group. Mean age of participants was 25 years, and youngest child was 30 months. The majority of participants were women (94.2 %), never married (83.5 %), unemployed (94.2 %), and without a bank account (66.0 %). Many reported economic hardship (32.0 % very low household food secure, 65.0 % housing insecure, and 31.1 % severe energy insecure), and depression (57.3 %). Exposure to adversity was prevalent, where 38.8 % reported four or more Adverse Childhood Experiences including abuse, neglect and household dysfunction. In terms of community violence, 64.7 % saw a seriously wounded person after an incident of violence, and 27.2 % had seen someone killed. Finally, 14.6 % spent time in an adult correctional institution, and 48.5 % of the fathers of the youngest child spent time in prison. Baseline findings demonstrate that caregivers participating in TANF have suffered significant childhood adversity, adult violence exposure, and poverty-related stressors that can limit workforce success. High prevalence of housing and food insecurity, exposure to adversity, violence and criminal justice systems demands comprehensive programming to support families. Trauma-informed approaches to career readiness such as the Building Wealth and Health Network offer opportunities for potential success in the workforce. This study is retrospectively registered with ClinicalTrials.gov. The Identifier is: NCT02577705 The Registration date is October 13, 2015.

  19. Characteristics of gonorrhoea in Kermanshah, Iran.

    PubMed

    Zargooshi, J

    2002-12-01

    To describe the characteristics of gonorrhoea and prostitution in Kermanshah, Iran. From 1997 through 2000, 100 male gonorrhoea patients were followed for a mean of 18 months (range 8-42 months). Diagnosis and follow up were made by a combination of history, physical examination, and the Gram stained smear. 4% of patients became infected by girlfriends, 24% by temporary (sigheh) wives, and 64% by street prostitutes; the remaining 8% denied coitus with sex workers. Of 38 married cases, 31 reported unprotected intercourse with permanent wives while infected, and only four of 38 gave prescribed drugs to their wives. 89% of contacts with prostitutes were unprotected. Most of the prostitutes and professional sigheh wives were practising survival sex. Fear of stigmatization and presumed severe penalties prevented prostitutes from seeking medical care, and 26% of patrons reported self medication. An average 84% of prescriptions of standard therapies failed. 31% of the cases remained refractory to all available therapies. The majority of the prostitutes and sigheh wives in Iran exchange sex for survival. Being uneducated survival sex workers, they accept risky sex behaviours easily. Sigheh wives are an important source of infection. The very high rate of persistent infection despite standard treatments is disturbing. Our ideal is a world in which nobody is obliged to enter commercial sex work. In the meantime, however, there is an urgent need to offer medical care and education to sex workers as needy patients in a safe and unprejudiced environment. Denying the presence of such realities as prostitution and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) because of their disagreement with cant claims and official propaganda, does not eradicate the facts but results in catastrophic public health problems.

  20. 26 CFR 1.170A-4A - Special rule for the deduction of certain charitable contributions of inventory and other property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ..., mental, or emotional well-being, as a result of poverty or temporary distress. Examples of needy persons... the victim of a natural disaster (such as fire or flood), a person who is the victim of a civil disaster (such as a civil disturbance), a person who is temporarily not self-sufficient as a result of a...

  1. From Welfare to Work: Dynamic Lesson Plans for ESL Learners. Final Report. Fiscal Year 1998-99 [and] From Welfare to Work: Lessons for ESL Learners.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Center for Literacy, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.

    This document combines a final project report and the resulting guidebook of 20 lesson plans for English as a second language (ESL) instructors to help learners work within the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) system and acquire effective job readiness strategies, choose a career path, and pursue employment. The report describes the…

  2. JPRS Report West Europe.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1988-07-25

    cost-favorable manner (without making the situation of the really needy worse) if the Federal Government would pay greater attention to this aspect...policy and the ruling positions would be divide up sooner than expected. Party secretary Seppo Kaariainen is amused by the anxiety of the...34People at the party congress will divide up into two sections. One side will think that the party platform is too broad and general. Others will

  3. The Challenge of Compliance: Food Security in Rural Households Affected by Welfare Reform. Food Assistance Needs of the South's Vulnerable Population.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Monroe, Pamela A.; O'Neil, Carol; Tiller, Vicky V.; Smith, Jennifer

    A study examined welfare reform and food security issues. Interviews were conducted with 32 rural Louisiana women in 1997-98 when they were receiving welfare payments, in 1998-99 when they were in transition, and in 2000-01 when none received Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). Most women were African-American; about half had not…

  4. Maryland Child Care Choices Study: Changes in Child Care Arrangements of Young Children in Maryland. Publication #2014-57

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Krafft, Caroline; Davis, Elizabeth E.; Tout, Kathryn

    2014-01-01

    The purpose of this series is to summarize key findings and implications from the Maryland Child Care Choices study, a longitudinal survey of parents who were applying for Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) in 2011. Families in the Maryland Child Care Choices study had at least one child age six or younger and lived in one of the…

  5. Workforce Investment Act: States and Localities Increasingly Coordinate Services for TANF Clients, but Better Information Needed on Effective Approaches. Report to Congressional Requesters.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Nilsen, Sigurd R.

    The General Accounting Office (GAO) reviewed the state and local coordination of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and Workforce Investment Act (WIA) services for TANF clients. Data were gathered though the following activities: (1) analysis of surveys of WIA officials in all 50 states that were conducted in 2001 and 2000; (2) visits…

  6. The Role of Work and Loans in Paying for an Undergraduate Education: Observations from the 2003-2004 National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS)

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McMillion, Robin

    2005-01-01

    The signing of the Higher Education Act (HEA) in 1965 by President Lyndon Johnson marked the beginning of the federal government's explicit commitment to equalizing college opportunities for needy students. Since then, however, two trends have developed which are running at cross purposes to each other. The first is the emergence, shortly after…

  7. The effects of collateral consequences of criminal involvement on employment, use of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, and health

    PubMed Central

    Kneipp, Shawn M.

    2017-01-01

    Criminal convictions are often associated with collateral consequences that limit access to the forms of employment and social services on which disadvantaged women most frequently rely – regardless of the severity of the offense. These consequences may play an important role in perpetuating health disparities by socioeconomic status and gender. We examined the extent to which research studies to date have assessed whether a criminal conviction might influence women’s health by limiting access to Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and employment, as a secondary, or “collateral” criminal conviction-related consequence. We reviewed 434 peer-reviewed journal articles retrieved from three electronic article databases and 197 research reports from three research organizations. Two reviewers independently extracted data from each eligible article or report using a standardized coding scheme. Of the sixteen eligible studies included in the review, most were descriptive. None explored whether receiving TANF modified health outcomes, despite its potential to do so. Researchers to date have not fully examined the causal pathways that could link employment, receiving TANF, and health, especially for disadvantaged women. Future research is needed to address this gap and to understand better the potential consequences of the criminal justice system involvement on the health of this vulnerable population. PMID:25905904

  8. The Effects of Collateral Consequences of Criminal Involvement on Employment, Use of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, and Health.

    PubMed

    Sheely, Amanda; Kneipp, Shawn M

    2015-01-01

    Criminal convictions are often associated with collateral consequences that limit access to the forms of employment and social services on which disadvantaged women most frequently rely--regardless of the severity of the offense. These consequences may play an important role in perpetuating health disparities by socioeconomic status and gender. We examined the extent to which research studies to date have assessed whether a criminal conviction might influence women's health by limiting access to Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and employment, as a secondary, or "collateral" criminal conviction-related consequence. We reviewed 434 peer-reviewed journal articles retrieved from three electronic article databases and 197 research reports from three research organizations. Two reviewers independently extracted data from each eligible article or report using a standardized coding scheme. Of the sixteen eligible studies included in the review, most were descriptive. None explored whether receiving TANF modified health outcomes, despite its potential to do so. Researchers to date have not fully examined the causal pathways that could link employment, receiving TANF, and health, especially for disadvantaged women. Future research is needed to address this gap and to understand better the potential consequences of the criminal justice system involvement on the health of this vulnerable population.

  9. On the first occupational medicine initiatives in Mexico: The Real del Monte miners’ hospital.

    PubMed

    Gómez, José Luis; Rodríguez-Paz, Carlos Agustín

    2018-01-01

    Despite the legislation of Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898) on social security rights formulated in 1883 in Germany where it is stated that it is the duty of the State to promote the welfare of all members of society, particularly the weakest and most needy, using the means available to them, and the proposals of laws against accidents issued on April 30, 1904 in the State of Mexico in 1904, in the Mexico of the Porfirio Díaz era, providing workers with formal medical care was not contemplated, except in the case of some railway companies, hospitals for the care of patients with occupational diseases were not built. One of these exceptions was the Hospital del Mineral del Real del Monte de Pachuca, founded in the late nineteenth century and after the mining company passed to the Americans in 1906, it was agreed that the company acquired the hospital and equated it with the medical and surgical advances of the time for immediate care of injuries, especially of the orthopedic type, which enabled not only the healing of wounds, but also rehabilitation. This hospital is one of the oldest in Mexico with regard to three disciplines: orthopedics, occupational medicine and rehabilitation. It ceased to operate in 1982, and currently it is a museum with a rich collection of documents and instruments related to the aforementioned disciplines. Copyright: © 2018 SecretarÍa de Salud.

  10. Healthcare access as a right, not a privilege: a construct of Western thought.

    PubMed

    Papadimos, Thomas J

    2007-03-28

    Over 45 million Americans are uninsured or underinsured. Those living in poverty exhibit the worst health status. Employment, education, income, and race are important factors in a person's ability to acquire healthcare access. Having established that there are people lacking healthcare access due to multi-factorial etiologies, the question arises as to whether the intervention necessary to assist them in obtaining such access should be considered a privilege, or a right. The right to healthcare access is examined from the perspective of Western thought. Specifically through the works of Aristotle, Immanuel Kant, Thomas Hobbes, Thomas Paine, Hannah Arendt, James Rawls, and Norman Daniels, which are accompanied by a contemporary example of intervention on behalf of the medically needy by the The Johns Hopkins Urban Health Institute. As human beings we are all valuable social entities whereby, through the force of morality, through implicitly forged covenants among us as individuals and between us and our governments, and through the natural rights we maintain as individuals and those we collectively surrender to the common good, it has been determined by nature, natural laws, and natural rights that human beings have the right, not the privilege, to healthcare access.

  11. Healthcare access as a right, not a privilege: a construct of Western thought

    PubMed Central

    Papadimos, Thomas J

    2007-01-01

    Over 45 million Americans are uninsured or underinsured. Those living in poverty exhibit the worst health status. Employment, education, income, and race are important factors in a person's ability to acquire healthcare access. Having established that there are people lacking healthcare access due to multi-factorial etiologies, the question arises as to whether the intervention necessary to assist them in obtaining such access should be considered a privilege, or a right. The right to healthcare access is examined from the perspective of Western thought. Specifically through the works of Aristotle, Immanuel Kant, Thomas Hobbes, Thomas Paine, Hannah Arendt, James Rawls, and Norman Daniels, which are accompanied by a contemporary example of intervention on behalf of the medically needy by the The Johns Hopkins Urban Health Institute. As human beings we are all valuable social entities whereby, through the force of morality, through implicitly forged covenants among us as individuals and between us and our governments, and through the natural rights we maintain as individuals and those we collectively surrender to the common good, it has been determined by nature, natural laws, and natural rights that human beings have the right, not the privilege, to healthcare access. PMID:17391522

  12. Effects of welfare and maternal work on recommended preventive care utilization among low-income children.

    PubMed

    Holl, Jane L; Oh, Elissa H; Yoo, Joan; Amsden, Laura B; Sohn, Min-Woong

    2012-12-01

    We examined how maternal work and welfare receipt are associated with children receiving recommended pediatric preventive care services. We identified American Academy of Pediatrics-recommended preventive care visits from medical records of children in the 1999-2004 Illinois Families Study: Child Well-Being. We used Illinois administrative data to identify whether mothers received welfare or worked during the period the visit was recommended, and we analyzed the child visit data using random-intercept logistic regressions that adjusted for child, maternal, and visit-specific characteristics. The 485 children (95%) meeting inclusion criteria made 41% of their recommended visits. Children were 60% more likely (adjusted odds ratios [AOR` = 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.27, 2.01) to make recommended visits when mothers received welfare but did not work compared with when mothers did not receive welfare and did not work. Children were 25% less likely (AOR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.60, 0.94) to make preventive care visits during periods when mothers received welfare and worked compared with welfare only periods. The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families maternal work requirement may be a barrier to receiving recommended preventive pediatric health care.

  13. Home-Delivered Meals and Nutrition Status Among Older Adults.

    PubMed

    Sahyoun, Nadine R; Vaudin, Anna

    2014-08-01

    The trend among older adults in the United States is to "age in place" instead of opting for institutionalization. To maintain older adults with chronic conditions in their homes and to improve health after hospitalization, comprehensive social, health, and nutrition services are essential. Quality of dietary intake is crucial and yet often underestimated. Calorie needs decrease with age while nutrient needs remain the same, even increasing for some nutrients. This poses difficulties for individuals with functional disabilities who are unable to shop and cook due to physical or mental limitations or on a limited budget. The Older American Act home-delivered meal (HDM) program offers at least 1 healthy meal per day, 5 or more days per week, and targets individuals homebound due to illness, disability, or social isolation and those with greatest economic or social need. This review summarizes the available literature on the relationship between HDM and health outcomes. The HDM program is difficult to evaluate because of the multifactorial effect on health status. However, national surveys and smaller studies show that it is well targeted, efficient, and well liked; provides quality food to needy individuals; and helps individuals remain living independently. Studies show that HDMs improve dietary intake, with greater health benefits when more meals reach the neediest individuals. HDMs also decrease institutionalization of older adults and resulting healthcare expenditures. However, funding has not kept up with increased demand for this program. More studies with improved designs may provide more information supporting the program's impact on nutrition status and decreased health expenditures. © 2014 American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.

  14. Pricing products: juxtaposing affordability with quality appeal.

    PubMed

    1984-01-01

    Choosing appropriate product prices is 1 of the most crucial steps in creating an effective contraceptive social marketing (CSM) sales campaign. The Social Marketing Forum conducted an informal survey of social marketing project managers, international contractors, and marketing consultants to determine how CSM programs cope with pricing problems and ways to circumvent some obstacles. According to Diana Altman, a family planning consultant, low prices that make products available to needy individuals are more important than the program's self sufficiency, yet if prices are too low, consumers think the products were unusable in the US and thus were dumped on local markets. Other key factors include commercial competition, spiraling inflation rates, and problems with rising prices and retailer/distributor margins. A sampling of per capita gross national products indicates the poverty level of most CSM projects' target market. Consequently, CSM projects must set low pices, regardless of program operating costs. The goal often is to increase the demand and availability for contraceptives. The fact that social marketing products must pass through retail networks to reach consumers complicates the pricing equation. To deal with the problem, India's Nirodh program gives a 25% margin to distributors/wholesalers, compared to 6% offered on most other goods. Retailers also receive a 25% margin, more than double the commercial rate. Once prices are set, increases pose hazards. Local government approval often is a prerequisite and can require lengthy negotiations. Market studies remain a valuable approach to effective pricing, according to PNA's Mallamad and other research consultants. They cite such effective research strategies as test marketing products and asking consumers how prices affect buying habits. Further, CSM projects can jump over some pricing hurdles through creative marketing. An effective pricing strategy alone cannot produce a successful CSM program. Pricing must accompany such factors as strong advertising, committed management, and adept salespersons.

  15. Bureau of School Lunches Past, Present, Future: An Overview, Working Note No. 4 in a Series: School Food Service in New York City.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    New York City Board of Education, Brooklyn, NY. Office of the Deputy Chancellor.

    This paper describes the early history, present status, and future trends of the Bureau of School Lunches of the New York City Board of Education. A review of its early history indicates that although various citizen groups and the Department of Welfare served lunches to needy children prior to 1946, it was the passage of the National School Lunch…

  16. Welfare Dollars No Longer an Increasing Source of Child Care Funding: Use of Funds in FY 2002 Unchanged from FY 2001, Down from FY 2000.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mezey, Jennifer; Richie, Brooke

    Since fiscal year (FY) 1997, states have used funds from the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grant to supplement other funds in efforts to provide more child care assistance. This report provides an overview of the rules governing the use of TANF funds for child care. The report also describes how states used TANF funds to…

  17. Welfare Reform: Moving the Hard-to-Employ Recipients into the Workforce. Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Human Resources, Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fagnoni, Cynthia M.

    A study collected information on the participation of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) recipients in work and work activities and their characteristics and how they have changed over time. Data were gathered on strategies states use to help hard-to-employ (HTE) TANF recipients get and keep jobs and on challenges states face in…

  18. Social inclusion: An effort to end loss-to-treatment follow-up in tuberculosis.

    PubMed

    Balakrishnan, S; Manikantan, J; Sreenivas, A; Jayasankar, S; Sunilkumar, M; Rakesh, P S; Karthickeyan, D S A; Mohandas, C R

    2015-10-01

    Pathanamthitta district is implementing Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program as a pilot district since 1993. The district programme was reporting approximately 5% of their diagnosed smear positive patients as never put on treatment (Initial lost to follow up - ILFU) and 5% of the new smear positive [NSP] Pulmonary TB patients as lost to follow up [LFU] during treatment. Attempts based on reengineering of DOTS were not largely successful in bringing down these proportions. A treatment support group [TSG] is a non-statutory body of socially responsible citizens and volunteers to provide social support to each needy TB patient safeguarding his dignity and confidentiality by ensuring access to information, free and quality services and social welfare programs, empowering the patient for making decision to complete treatment successfully. It is a complete fulfilment of social inclusion standards enumerated by Standards for TB Care in India. Pathanamthitta district started implementing this strategy since 2013. After intervention, proportion of LFU among NSPTB cases dropped markedly and no LFU were reported among the latest treatment cohorts. Proportion of ILFU keeps similar trend and none were reported among the latest diagnostic cohorts. Social support for TB care is feasible under routine program conditions. Addition of standards for social inclusion in STCI is meaningful. Its meaning is translated well by a society empowered with literacy and political sense. Copyright © 2015 Tuberculosis Association of India. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  19. Prospects of poverty eradication through the existing Zakat system in Pakistan.

    PubMed

    Mohammad, F

    1991-01-01

    In the Muslim system, Zakat functions as a means to reduce inequalities and eradicate poverty. Zakat means growth, extension, and purification. It is a usually annual premium charged on all accumulated productive wealth and on a variety of agricultural produce. Various rates are used. In the past, Zakat was paid on a self assessed basis and given to the needy. Due to influence on Sunni Muslims, in 1980 collection and disbursement was deemed the function of an Islamic state and the state system was introduced. The formal system is described in detail. A random sample (1050) of Local Zakat Committee (LZC) members, Zakat recipients, and the general population was conducted in 1988 to see to what extent poverty has been eradicated with this system. Zakat recipients were either those receiving a subsistence allowance or those receiving funds for permanent rehabilitation. Estimates of Zakat and Ushr (for agricultural produce) received and the maximum limit to collection and the maximum potential are given by region. Estimates are also given for the number of Mustahqueen-e-Zakat (MZ) (needy) by province. The total number is 5.46 million households, or 32.22% of all households in Pakistan, which is slightly higher than other prior estimates. Those receiving Zakat number 3.967 million or 23.43% of total households. Clearly not all those in need are receiving aid. The range of needy is 18.4% to 42.58% and could include those who are not poor but qualify for receiving Zakat according to Islamic principles. Estimates are given for the shortfall in funds needed to fill the gap. Other funding is needed to retrain MZ and estimates by province are generated to this end. It is clear that the present system needs to be reformed because the estimated funding requirements exceed the potential; there is a gap in the number needing aid and those receiving aid; and there is a gap in funds secured to rehabilitate and those requesting rehabilitation. To augment the system, it is suggested that Zakat exemptions be removed, stock in trade should be included, all agricultural produce should be included, subsistence should be given to only the most poor and disabled and the rest should receive a modest amount for starting a project on an annual rotation, and greater government emphasis at all levels must be placed on eliminating poverty.

  20. Freedom Fighters of South Asia: Mohandas K. Gandhi [and] Mohammad Ali Jinnah [and] Jawaharlal Nehru [and] Subhas Chandra Bose [and] Bal Gangadhar Tilak [and] Vallabhbhai Patel.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Benade, Judith A.

    Biographies of five men who dedicated their lives to fighting for the independence of India are presented. Mohandas K. Gandhi, born in 1869, spent his life in non-violent resistance to the many injustices being perpetrated against the poor and needy of India. Born in 1876, lawyer Mohammad Ali Jinnah was close in ideas, hope, and spirit to Gandhi.…

  1. US state variation in autism insurance mandates: Balancing access and fairness

    PubMed Central

    Johnson, Rebecca A; Danis, Marion; Hafner-Eaton, Chris

    2016-01-01

    This article examines how nations split decision-making about health services between federal and sub-federal levels, creating variation between states or provinces. When is this variation ethically acceptable? We identify three sources of ethical acceptability—procedural fairness, value pluralism, and substantive fairness—and examine these sources with respect to a case study: the fact that only 30 out of 51 US states or territories passed mandates requiring private insurers to offer extensive coverage of autism behavioral therapies, creating variation for privately insured children living in different US states. Is this variation ethically acceptable? To address this question, we need to analyze whether mandates go to more or less needy states and whether the mandates reflect value pluralism between states regarding government’s role in health care. Using time-series logistic regressions and data from National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs, Individual with Disabilities Education Act, legislature political composition, and American Board of Pediatrics workforce data, we find that the states in which mandates are passed are less needy than states in which mandates have not been passed, what we call a cumulative advantage outcome that increases between-state disparities rather than a compensatory outcome that decreases between-state disparities. Concluding, we discuss the implications of our analysis for broader discussions of variation in health services provision. PMID:24789870

  2. Arousal regulation and affective adaptation to human responsiveness by a robot that explores and learns a novel environment.

    PubMed

    Hiolle, Antoine; Lewis, Matthew; Cañamero, Lola

    2014-01-01

    In the context of our work in developmental robotics regarding robot-human caregiver interactions, in this paper we investigate how a "baby" robot that explores and learns novel environments can adapt its affective regulatory behavior of soliciting help from a "caregiver" to the preferences shown by the caregiver in terms of varying responsiveness. We build on two strands of previous work that assessed independently (a) the differences between two "idealized" robot profiles-a "needy" and an "independent" robot-in terms of their use of a caregiver as a means to regulate the "stress" (arousal) produced by the exploration and learning of a novel environment, and (b) the effects on the robot behaviors of two caregiving profiles varying in their responsiveness-"responsive" and "non-responsive"-to the regulatory requests of the robot. Going beyond previous work, in this paper we (a) assess the effects that the varying regulatory behavior of the two robot profiles has on the exploratory and learning patterns of the robots; (b) bring together the two strands previously investigated in isolation and take a step further by endowing the robot with the capability to adapt its regulatory behavior along the "needy" and "independent" axis as a function of the varying responsiveness of the caregiver; and (c) analyze the effects that the varying regulatory behavior has on the exploratory and learning patterns of the adaptive robot.

  3. Effectiveness of a grant program's efforts to promote synergy within its funded initiatives: perceptions of participants of the Southern Rural Access Program.

    PubMed

    Pathman, Donald E; Chuang, Emmeline; Weiner, Bryan J

    2008-12-18

    Foundations and public agencies commonly fund focused initiatives for individual grantees. These discrete, stand-alone initiatives can risk failure by being carried out in isolation. Fostering synergy among grantees' initiatives is one strategy proposed for promoting the success and impact of grant programs. We evaluate an explicit strategy to build synergy within the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Southern Rural Access Program (SRAP), which awarded grants to collaboratives within eight southeastern U.S. states to strengthen basic health care services in targeted rural counties. We interviewed 39 key participants of the SRAP, including the program director within each state and the principal subcontractors heading the program's funded initiatives that supported heath professionals' recruitment, retention and training, made loans to health care providers, and built networks among providers. Interews were recorded and transcribed. Two investigators independently coded the transcripts and a third investigator distilled the main points. Participants generally perceived that the SRAP yielded more synergies than other grant programs in which they had participated and that these synergies added to the program's impact. The synergies most often noted were achieved through relationship building among grantees and with outside agencies, sharing information and know-how, sharing resources, combining efforts to yield greater capacity, joining voices to advocate for common goals, and spotting gaps in services offered and then filling these gaps. The SRAP's strategies that participants felt fostered synergy included targeting funding to culturally and geographically similar states, supporting complementary types of initiatives, promoting opportunities to network through semi-annual meetings and regular conference calls, and the advocacy efforts of the program's leadership. Participants noted that synergies were sometimes hindered by turf issues and politics and the conflicting perspectives and cultures of participating organizations and racial groups. Inadequate funding through the SRAP, restricting program involvement to only a few needy counties, and instances of over- and under-involvement by the program's leadership were sometimes felt to inhibit synergies and/or their sustainability. Participants of the SRAP generally perceived that the SRAP's deliberate strategies yielded synergies that added to the program's impact.

  4. Effectiveness of a grant program's efforts to promote synergy within its funded initiatives: perceptions of participants of the Southern Rural Access Program

    PubMed Central

    Pathman, Donald E; Chuang, Emmeline; Weiner, Bryan J

    2008-01-01

    Background Foundations and public agencies commonly fund focused initiatives for individual grantees. These discrete, stand-alone initiatives can risk failure by being carried out in isolation. Fostering synergy among grantees' initiatives is one strategy proposed for promoting the success and impact of grant programs. We evaluate an explicit strategy to build synergy within the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Southern Rural Access Program (SRAP), which awarded grants to collaboratives within eight southeastern U.S. states to strengthen basic health care services in targeted rural counties. Methods We interviewed 39 key participants of the SRAP, including the program director within each state and the principal subcontractors heading the program's funded initiatives that supported heath professionals' recruitment, retention and training, made loans to health care providers, and built networks among providers. Interews were recorded and transcribed. Two investigators independently coded the transcripts and a third investigator distilled the main points. Results Participants generally perceived that the SRAP yielded more synergies than other grant programs in which they had participated and that these synergies added to the program's impact. The synergies most often noted were achieved through relationship building among grantees and with outside agencies, sharing information and know-how, sharing resources, combining efforts to yield greater capacity, joining voices to advocate for common goals, and spotting gaps in services offered and then filling these gaps. The SRAP's strategies that participants felt fostered synergy included targeting funding to culturally and geographically similar states, supporting complementary types of initiatives, promoting opportunities to network through semi-annual meetings and regular conference calls, and the advocacy efforts of the program's leadership. Participants noted that synergies were sometimes hindered by turf issues and politics and the conflicting perspectives and cultures of participating organizations and racial groups. Inadequate funding through the SRAP, restricting program involvement to only a few needy counties, and instances of over- and under-involvement by the program's leadership were sometimes felt to inhibit synergies and/or their sustainability. Conclusion Participants of the SRAP generally perceived that the SRAP's deliberate strategies yielded synergies that added to the program's impact. PMID:19094212

  5. How much does the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program alleviate food insecurity? Evidence from recent programme leavers.

    PubMed

    Nord, Mark

    2012-05-01

    To estimate the effect of the US Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) on the food security (consistent access to adequate food) of recipients, net of the effect of the self-selection of more food-needy households into the programme. The food security of current SNAP recipients and recent leavers is compared in cross-sectional survey data, adjusting for economic and demographic differences using multivariate logistic regression methods. A similar analysis in 2-year longitudinal panels provides additional control for selection on unobserved variables based on food security status in the previous year. Household survey data collected for the US Department of Agriculture by the US Census Bureau. Households interviewed in the Current Population Survey Food Security Supplements from 2001 to 2009. The odds of very low food security among households that continued on SNAP through the end of a survey year were 28 % lower than among those that left SNAP prior to the 30-d period during which food security was assessed. In 2-year panels with controls for the severity of food insecurity in the previous year, the difference in odds was 45 %. The results are consistent with, or somewhat higher than, the estimates from the strongest previous research designs and suggest that the ameliorative effect of SNAP on very low food security is in the range of 20-50 %.

  6. Welfare Reform: States Provide TANF-Funded Services to Many Low-Income Families Who Do Not Receive Cash Assistance. Report to the Ranking Minority Member, Subcommittee on Human Resources, Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fagnoni, Cynthia M.; Posner, Paul L.

    A study determined the extent to which states spend federal Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and state maintenance-of-effort (MOE) funds for cash assistance and non-cash services and how this compares to welfare spending in fiscal year (FY) 1995. It also identifed the extent to which states use TANF and MOE funds to provide services…

  7. Labor of love: foster mothers, caregiving, and welfare reform.

    PubMed

    Critelli, Filomena M

    2008-01-01

    Using a telephone survey, this study examined the experiences of 100 foster mothers who receive aid through Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). Foster mothers reported numerous difficulties with TANF, including frequent sanctions and case closings, limited work and training opportunities, and pervasive material hardships. Foster children exhibited high levels of emotional and behavior problems. The data suggest that lack of access to child care and pressure to become self-sufficient may contribute to a decreased pool of foster mothers.

  8. Effects of Welfare and Maternal Work on Recommended Preventive Care Utilization Among Low-Income Children

    PubMed Central

    Holl, Jane L.; Oh, Elissa H.; Yoo, Joan; Amsden, Laura B.

    2012-01-01

    Objectives. We examined how maternal work and welfare receipt are associated with children receiving recommended pediatric preventive care services. Methods. We identified American Academy of Pediatrics–recommended preventive care visits from medical records of children in the 1999–2004 Illinois Families Study: Child Well-Being. We used Illinois administrative data to identify whether mothers received welfare or worked during the period the visit was recommended, and we analyzed the child visit data using random-intercept logistic regressions that adjusted for child, maternal, and visit-specific characteristics. Results. The 485 children (95%) meeting inclusion criteria made 41% of their recommended visits. Children were 60% more likely (adjusted odds ratios [AOR` = 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.27, 2.01) to make recommended visits when mothers received welfare but did not work compared with when mothers did not receive welfare and did not work. Children were 25% less likely (AOR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.60, 0.94) to make preventive care visits during periods when mothers received welfare and worked compared with welfare only periods. Conclusion. The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families maternal work requirement may be a barrier to receiving recommended preventive pediatric health care. PMID:23078495

  9. Long-term care policy for the elderly in the Zaporozhye region of Ukraine: a case study of social development following the collapse of Communism.

    PubMed

    Palley, Howard A; Romanenkova, Lyudmyla A

    2004-01-01

    In this paper, we review the status of social policy for the elderly in Ukraine since the fall of Communism and the breakup of the Soviet Union. We specifically address the problem of "rebuilding" an income and services policy for the at-risk elderly after the unraveling of the system that existed prior to the fall of Communism. Also, we address some existing problems faced by the elderly in the health care system. Within this context, we present a case study of the current status of long-term care policy for the elderly in one province of Ukraine, the eastern province of Zaporozhye, encompassing the industrial city of Zaporozhye on the Dnieper River. This case study particularly pays attention to current attempts to promote a social development process of long-term care services for the elderly. It examines recent developments with respect to public sector organizations and voluntary sector organizations that are trying to provide necessary services to the needy elderly. With respect to the voluntary sector, the paper pays particular attention to the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) model of a largely externally funded NGO that provides comprehensive and integrated social supports, while emphasizing local empowerment and the use of volunteers, for the needy Jewish population in the province of Zaporozhye. Based on our findings, we make some proposals regarding the improvement of income and services policy with respect to the elderly in Zaporozhye and Ukraine.

  10. Trends in concurrent maternal and perinatal deaths at a teaching hospital in Ghana: the facts and prevention strategies.

    PubMed

    Lassey, Anyetei T; Obed, Sam A

    2004-09-01

    To determine the trend of concurrent maternal and perinatal mortality at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH), Ghana, and to propose measures for its prevention. A retrospective study, from January 1995 to December 2002, of all concurrent maternal and perinatal deaths in which the woman was 28 weeks' gestation or more (or, if gestational age was not known, the baby weighed 1000 g or more) and died either undelivered or in the perinatal period (within 1 week of delivery) at the KBTH. Over the 8-year study period, there was a total of 93 622 deliveries at the KBTH with 108 concurrent maternal and perinatal mortalities, giving a ratio of 115.4 concurrent maternal and perinatal deaths per 100 000 deliveries. More than 80% of the mothers who died had little or no formal education. Of the 108 mothers, 22 died undelivered. The leading cause of death was a medical condition in pregnancy along with eclampsia/gestational hypertension. Of the 86 delivered mothers, the leading cause of concurrent death was a medical condition in pregnancy. Approximately two-thirds (72/108) of the perinatal deaths were stillbirths. Over the study period, there was a rising trend of the obstetric disaster of losing both mother and baby. There is a rising trend of concurrent maternal and perinatal mortality at the KBTH. It is suggested that a regular antenatal clinic be established with both an internist and obstetrician to jointly see and manage women with medical problems. There is a need for improved and adequate resources to improve outcomes for both mother and baby. A waiver of user fees for maternity services may be one way to improve access for needy and at-risk mothers. Concurrent maternal and perinatal death is the latest negative reproductive health index of the deteriorating socioeconomic situation in developing countries and needs to be tackled decisively.

  11. Experiences of Public Doctors on Managing Work Difficulties and Maintaining Professional Enthusiasm in Acute General Hospitals: A Qualitative Study.

    PubMed

    Luk, Andrew Leung; Yau, Adrian Fai To

    2018-01-01

    Overseas studies suggest that 10-20% of doctors are depressed, 30-45% have burnout, and many report dissatisfaction with work-life balance. A local study on public doctors showed that 31.4% of the respondents satisfied the criteria for high burnout. Young, but moderately experienced doctors who need to work shifts appeared most vulnerable. This study aims to explore the experiences of those public doctors who have managed their work difficulties and maintained professional enthusiasm for references in medical education and continuing professional training. Ten public doctors with reputation were invited respectively from three acute general hospitals for an in-depth interview. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. Content analysis was carried out to identify major themes in relation to the research questions. Three themes emerging from difficulties encountered were (1) managing people, mostly are patients, followed by colleagues and then patients' relatives; (2) constraints at work, include time and resources; and (3) managing self with decision-making within a short time. Three themes generating from managing work difficulties included (1) self-adjustment with practicing problem solving and learning good communication appeared more frequently, followed by maintaining a professional attitude and accumulating clinical experiences; (2) seeking help from others; and (3) organizational support is also a theme though it is the least mentioned. Four themes emerging from maintaining work enthusiasm were (1) personal conviction and discipline: believing that they are helping the needy, having the sense of vocation and support from religion; disciplining oneself by continuing education, maintaining harmonious family relationship and volunteer work. (2) Challenging work: different challenging natures of their job. (3) Positive feedback from patients: positive encounters with patients keep a connectedness with their clients. (4) Organization support: working with good colleagues and opportunity for continuous training. Some implications for medical education include, developing good communication skill for medical students and junior doctors, preparing senior doctors to be mentors, and exploring the motivating force of spirituality/religion.

  12. Reconsidering risk: adapting public policies to intergenerational determinants and biosocial interactions in health-related needs.

    PubMed

    Strully, Kate W; Conley, Dalton

    2004-12-01

    According to recent research, interactions between infant health and environment can play crucial roles in clustering health and economic disadvantage among certain families. Researchers have provided a clear example of such intergenerational biosocial cycles when they document that interactions between parental low birth weight status and prenatal environment are associated with the risk of a low birth weight, and that interactions between a child's birth weight status and early childhood environment are associated with adult socioeconomic outcomes. In this article, we consider how existing policies may be revised to more effectively address such interactions between social and biological risk categories. We are particularly concerned in this discussion with revising risk categories so they can encompass biological risk, social risk, and developmental frameworks. A framework of biosocial risk is quite flexible and may be applied to a variety of issues and programs; however, in this article we focus on the single case of low birth weight to illustrate our argument. In considering specific applications, we further explore how attention to biosocial interactions may reshape Medicaid, special education, the Earned Income Tax Credit, and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families.

  13. Who Deserves Help? Evolutionary Psychology, Social Emotions, and Public Opinion about Welfare

    PubMed Central

    Petersen, Michael Bang; Sznycer, Daniel; Cosmides, Leda; Tooby, John

    2013-01-01

    Evidence suggests that our foraging ancestors engaged in the small-scale equivalent of social insurance as an essential tool of survival and evolved a sophisticated psychology of social exchange (involving the social emotions of compassion and anger) to regulate mutual assistance. Here, we hypothesize that political support for modern welfare policies are shaped by these evolved mental programs. In particular, the compassionate motivation to share with needy nonfamily could not have evolved without defenses against opportunists inclined to take without contributing. Cognitively, such parasitic strategies can be identified by the intentional avoidance of productive effort. When detected, this pattern should trigger anger and down-regulate support for assistance. We tested predictions derived from these hypotheses in four studies in two cultures, showing that subjects’ perceptions of recipients’ effort to find work drive welfare opinions; that such perceptions (and not related perceptions) regulate compassion and anger (and not related emotions); that the effects of perceptions of recipients’ effort on opinions about welfare are mediated by anger and compassion, independently of political ideology; and that these emotions not only influence the content of welfare opinions but also how easily they are formed. PMID:23355755

  14. Asbestos School Hazard Abatement. Hearing on H.R. 3677, a Bill To Reauthorize the Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act of 1984, before the Subcommittee on Transportation and Hazardous Materials of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, Second Session.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Committee on Energy and Commerce.

    A House of Representatives subcommittee convened to consider legislation (H.R. 3677) to reauthorize the Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act of 1984 (ASHAA) that provides financial assistance to needy school districts in the form of loans and grants for asbestos-related activities. The hearing record contains the text of H.R. 3677, testimony, and…

  15. Welfare Reform: Reauthorization of Work and Child Care. Hearing before the Subcommittee on 21st Century Competitiveness of the Committee on Education and the Workforce, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, First Session (March 15, 2005). Serial Number 109-4

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    US House of Representatives, 2005

    2005-01-01

    The purpose of this hearing was to hear testimony on the effects of welfare reform and the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families block grant, and to examine one of the most important work supports available to low-income families, Federal child care assistance. The opening statements were delivered by the Honorable Howard P. "Buck"…

  16. 78 FR 68853 - International Medical Device Regulators Forum; Medical Device Single Audit Program International...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-15

    ...] International Medical Device Regulators Forum; Medical Device Single Audit Program International Coalition Pilot... Drug Administration (FDA) is announcing participation in the Medical Device Single Audit Program International Coalition Pilot Program. The Medical Device Single Audit Program (MDSAP) was designed and...

  17. An International Coastline Collaboratory to Broaden Scientific Impacts of a Subduction Zone Observatory

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bodin, P.

    2015-12-01

    A global Subduction Zone Observatory (SZO) presents an exciting opportunity to broaden involvement in scientific research and to ensure multidisciplinary impact. Most subduction zones feature dynamic interactions of the seafloor, the coastline, and the onshore environments also being perturbed by global climate change. Tectonic deformation, physical environment changes (temperature and chemistry), and resulting ecological shifts (intertidal population redistribution, etc.) are all basic observables for important scientific investigation. Yet even simple baseline studies like repeated transects of intertidal biological communities are rare. A coordinated program of such studies would document the local variability across time and spatial scales, permit comparisons with other subducting coastlines, and extend the reach and importance of other SZO studies. One goal is to document the patterns, and separate the component causes of, coastal uplift and subsidence and ecological response to a subduction zone earthquake using a database of pre-event biological and surveying observations. Observations would be directed by local scientists using students and trained volunteers as observers, under the auspices of local educational entities and using standardized sampling and reporting methods. The observations would be added to the global, Internet-accessible, database for use by the entire scientific community. Data acquisition and analysis supports the educational missions of local schools and universities, forming the basis for educational programs. All local programs would be coordinated by an international panel convened by the SZO. The facility would include a web-hosted lecture series and an annual web conference to aid organization and collaboration. Small grants could support more needy areas. This SZO collaboratory advances not only scientific literacy, but also multinational collaboration and scholarship, and (most importantly) produces important scientific results.

  18. Organ donation consanguinity or universality.

    PubMed

    Kishore, R R

    1996-01-01

    1. Neither the "Diseased Persons" nor the "Genetic Relations" provide an answer to "trading" in human body parts. 2. Live human body constitutes a vital source of supply of organs and tissues and the possibilities of optimum utilisation should be explored. 3. There is no scope for dogmatic postures and open-mindedness should be the approach while dealing with the issue of Organ Transplantation. 4. Society owes a duty to save the file of a dying man and in the event of failure to do so, it is absolutely immoral to interfere with his own arrangements by making unrealistic laws. No immorality is involved if an individual disposes of his spare body parts for a valid consideration to a needy person. 5. The scarcity needs to be urgently overcome otherwise unwarranted trade and crime are liable to thrive. 6. Families are not unconnected or antagonistic fragments of humanity. After thousands of years of continuous efforts the individuals on this earth have attained the stage of organic and functional integration. Atomisation of society on the basis of consanguineous proximities amounts to reversing this holistic trend. Organ transplantation is a functional expression of a highly evolved pursuit with inherent and intimate interaction in the form of organic exchange at the individual level, independent of consanguineous inducements or motivations. As such there is absolutely no scope for restricting organ donations by strangers. 7. Commercialisation should be curbed by making the enforcement agencies more efficient and not by depriving a needy person of his genuine requirements. Legislative craftsmanship lies in providing an answer without curtailing the freedom of the people.

  19. Mentoring program design and implementation in new medical schools

    PubMed Central

    Fornari, Alice; Murray, Thomas S.; Menzin, Andrew W.; Woo, Vivian A.; Clifton, Maurice; Lombardi, Marion; Shelov, Steven

    2014-01-01

    Purpose Mentoring is considered a valuable component of undergraduate medical education with a variety of programs at established medical schools. This study presents how new medical schools have set up mentoring programs as they have developed their curricula. Methods Administrators from 14 US medical schools established since 2006 were surveyed regarding the structure and implementation of their mentoring programs. Results The majority of new medical schools had mentoring programs that varied in structure and implementation. Although the programs were viewed as valuable at each institution, challenges when creating and implementing mentoring programs in new medical schools included time constraints for faculty and students, and lack of financial and professional incentives for faculty. Conclusions Similar to established medical schools, there was little uniformity among mentoring programs at new medical schools, likely reflecting differences in curriculum and program goals. Outcome measures are needed to determine whether a best practice for mentoring can be established. PMID:24962112

  20. Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children participation and infants' growth and health: a multisite surveillance study.

    PubMed

    Black, Maureen M; Cutts, Diana B; Frank, Deborah A; Geppert, Joni; Skalicky, Anne; Levenson, Suzette; Casey, Patrick H; Berkowitz, Carol; Zaldivar, Nieves; Cook, John T; Meyers, Alan F; Herren, Tim

    2004-07-01

    The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is the largest food supplement program in the United States, serving almost 7 500 000 participants in 2002. Because the program is a grant program, rather than an entitlement program, Congress is not mandated to allocate funds to serve all eligible participants. Little is known about the effects of WIC on infant growth, health, and food security. To examine associations between WIC participation and indicators of underweight, overweight, length, caregiver-perceived health, and household food security among infants < or =12 months of age, at 6 urban hospitals and clinics. A multisite study with cross-sectional surveys administered at urban medical centers in 5 states and Washington, DC, from August 1998 though December 2001. A total of 5923 WIC-eligible caregivers of infants < or =12 months of age were interviewed at hospital clinics and emergency departments. Weight-for-age, length-for-age, weight-for-length, caregiver's perception of infant's health, and household food security. Ninety-one percent of WIC-eligible families were receiving WIC assistance. Of the eligible families not receiving WIC assistance, 64% reported access problems and 36% denied a need for WIC. The weight and length of WIC assistance recipients, adjusted for age and gender, were consistent with national normative values. With control for potential confounding family variables (site, housing subsidy, employment status, education, and receipt of food stamps or Temporary Assistance for Needy Families) and infant variables (race/ethnicity, birth weight, months breastfed, and age), infants who did not receive WIC assistance because of access problems were more likely to be underweight (weight-for-age z score = -0.23 vs 0.009), short (length-for-age z score = -0.23 vs -0.02), and perceived as having fair or poor health (adjusted odds ratio: 1.92; 95% confidence interval: 1.29-2.87), compared with WIC assistance recipients. Rates of overweight, based on weight-for-length of >95th percentile, varied from 7% to 9% and did not differ among the 3 groups but were higher than the 5% expected from national growth charts. Rates of food insecurity were consistent with national data for minority households with children. Families that did not receive WIC assistance because of access problems had higher rates of food insecurity (28%) than did WIC participants (23%), although differences were not significant after covariate control. Caregivers who did not perceive a need for WIC services had more economic and personal resources than did WIC participants and were less likely to be food-insecure, but there were no differences in infants' weight-for-age, perceived health, or overweight between families that did not perceive a need for WIC services and those that received WIC assistance. Infants < or =12 months of age benefit from WIC participation. Health care providers should promote WIC utilization for eligible families and advocate that WIC receive support to reduce waiting lists and eliminate barriers that interfere with access.

  1. Rising HIV infection through blood transfusion worries Nigerian health experts.

    PubMed

    Raufu, A

    2000-01-01

    Blood transfusion is the second largest source of HIV infection in Nigeria, after unprotected sex. The major reason for this problem is the proliferation of illegal and lucrative blood banks that were being established. It has been discovered that most of these blood banks rely on "blood touts" for the supply of blood, which is later sold to needy patients. Lack of modern testing equipment and few private hospitals and government hospitals screening blood that is meant for transfusion compounded this problem. In response to the menace of unscreened blood for transfusion, the Lagos State Government declared a law to regulate blood transfusions and the activities of blood banks in the State. The objectives of this law were to curb the activities of owners of blood banks who were peddling unscreened blood to unsuspecting patients. Among the provisions of the law was that medical laboratories and hospitals that have blood banks should register their blood donors at any of the screening centers in the State. This law further prescribed fines and imprisonment for offenders. The law, however, turned out to be unenforceable because the reagents and testing equipment required were largely unavailable. It is noted that in the absence of a national blood transfusion policy, most blood banks continue to sell unscreened blood; in turn, HIV infections in Nigeria continue to rise.

  2. Distant Supervision with Transductive Learning for Adverse Drug Reaction Identification from Electronic Medical Records

    PubMed Central

    Ikeda, Mitsuru

    2017-01-01

    Information extraction and knowledge discovery regarding adverse drug reaction (ADR) from large-scale clinical texts are very useful and needy processes. Two major difficulties of this task are the lack of domain experts for labeling examples and intractable processing of unstructured clinical texts. Even though most previous works have been conducted on these issues by applying semisupervised learning for the former and a word-based approach for the latter, they face with complexity in an acquisition of initial labeled data and ignorance of structured sequence of natural language. In this study, we propose automatic data labeling by distant supervision where knowledge bases are exploited to assign an entity-level relation label for each drug-event pair in texts, and then, we use patterns for characterizing ADR relation. The multiple-instance learning with expectation-maximization method is employed to estimate model parameters. The method applies transductive learning to iteratively reassign a probability of unknown drug-event pair at the training time. By investigating experiments with 50,998 discharge summaries, we evaluate our method by varying large number of parameters, that is, pattern types, pattern-weighting models, and initial and iterative weightings of relations for unlabeled data. Based on evaluations, our proposed method outperforms the word-based feature for NB-EM (iEM), MILR, and TSVM with F1 score of 11.3%, 9.3%, and 6.5% improvement, respectively. PMID:29090077

  3. Wives of pathological gamblers: personality traits, depressive symptoms and social adjustment.

    PubMed

    Mazzoleni, Maria Helena B; Gorenstein, Clarice; Fuentes, Daniel; Tavares, Hermano

    2009-12-01

    Wives of pathological gamblers tend to endure long marriages despite financial and emotional burden. Difficulties in social adjustment, personality psychopathology, and comorbidity with psychiatric disorders are pointed as reasons for remaining on such overwhelming relationships. The goal was to examine the social adjustment, personality and negative emotionality of wives of pathological gamblers. The sample consisted of 25 wives of pathological gamblers, mean age 40.6, SD = 9.1 from a Gambling Outpatient Unit and at GAM-ANON, and 25 wives of non-gamblers, mean age 40.8, SD = 9.1, who answered advertisements placed at the Universidade de São Paulo hospital and medical school complex. They were selected in order to approximately match demographic characteristics of the wives of pathological gamblers. Subjects were assessed by the Social Adjustment Scale, Temperament and Character Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Three variables remained in the final Multiple Logistic Regression model, wives of pathological gamblers presented greater dissatisfaction with their marital bond, and higher scores on Reward Dependence and Persistence temperament factors. Both, Wives of pathological gamblers and wives of non-gamblers presented well-structured character factors excluding personality disorders. This personality profile may explain wives of pathological gamblers emotional resilience and their marriage longevity. Co-dependence and other labels previously used to describe them may work as a double edged sword, legitimating wives of pathological gamblers problems, while stigmatizing them as inapt and needy.

  4. Using a medical volunteer program to motivate medical freshmen.

    PubMed

    Na, Beag Ju; Hur, Yera; Yun, Jungmin; Kang, Jaegu; Han, Seungyeon; Whang, Wonmin; Lee, Keumho; Lee, Jungmin

    2013-09-01

    A task force identified 4 core properties of motivation-related improvement and developed a medical volunteer program for 63 medical freshmen in 2012. Three overarching topics were examined: What were the contents of the program? Did students' motivation improve? Were the students satisfied with the course? Pretest and posttest motivation levels and program evaluation forms were analyzed. We organized a series of committee meetings and identified 4 core factors of motivation. The program was conducted for 63 medical freshmen in March 2012. The program evaluation form was analyzed using SPSS 17.0. The core factors of motivation were interest in medical studies, volunteer-mindedness, medical humanities, and self-management. The program was composed of lectures, medical volunteer hours, and program evaluation and feedback sessions. Students' motivation differed significantly with regard to interest in medical studies (t=-2.40, p=0.020) and volunteer-mindedness (t=-3.45, p=0.001). Ninety percent of students were satisfied with the program, 67.8% of students were satisfied with the medical volunteer activity, and the feedback session of the program was meaningful (66.1%). The medical volunteer program, held in the first month of the medical education year, was meaningful, but the reasons for dissatisfaction with the program should be examined. We should also develop a system that has lasting beneficial effects on academic achievement and career selection.

  5. [São Pedro de Alcântara Charity Hospital: assistance and healthcare in Goiás during the nineteenth century].

    PubMed

    De Magalhães, Sônia Maria

    2004-01-01

    A lay institution founded in the city of Goiás in 1825, the São Pedro de Alcântara Charity Hospital was fruit of an initiative by an influential local group that recognized a social evil: the lack of assistance for the destitute and ill. Within the realm of social assistance, the hospital adopted charitable Christian roles and principles, providing aid to the mentally ill, the imprisoned, and the infirm and needy in general. After inauguration of the public cemetery, it also buried indigents at no cost.

  6. Mutual support groups for long-term recipients of TANF.

    PubMed

    Anderson-Butcher, Dawn; Khairallah, Angela Oliver; Race-Bigelow, Janis

    2004-01-01

    This study examined the effect of involvement in mutual support groups on long-term recipients of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and other vulnerable individuals. From qualitative interviews with nine group members, the study identified key themes, benefits, and barriers related to involvement in the groups. Content analysis of the data revealed insights about characteristics of effective self-help and mutual support groups, which social workers and other professionals can use to develop effective support groups in the future. Participants discussed benefits for themselves and their families, such as enhanced parenting and social skills, increased knowledge, and enhanced self-esteem.

  7. Perceptions of self-concept and self-presentation by procrastinators: further evidence.

    PubMed

    Ferrari, Joseph R; Díaz-Morales, Juan Francisco

    2007-05-01

    Two samples of university students completed self-report measures of chronic procrastination and either self-concept variables (Sample 1, n = 233) or self-presentational styles (Sample 2, n = 210). Results indicated that procrastination was significantly related to a self-concept of oneself as dominated by issues related to task performance, and to self-presentation strategies that reflected a person as continually justifying and excusing task delays and being "needy" of others' approval. It seems that men and women procrastinate in order to improve their social standing by making their accomplishments seem greater than they really are.

  8. Organ harvesting from anencephalic infants: health management over a sinkhole.

    PubMed

    Alatis, A J

    As technology increases in the field of organ transplantation for newborns, a problematic limitation persists: too few organ donors are available to match the number of needy organ donees. Anencephalic newborns have been suggested (and recently used) as organ sources. Anencephalic infants are born without the upper part of their brain and usually die within a week after birth. This article will address the ethical considerations of using these infants as organ sources, particularly from the view of a physician and an attorney. This piece will further analyze the medico-legal ramifications of the various legislative proposals addressing this subject.

  9. Impact of managed MediCal on California family practice programs.

    PubMed

    Zweifler, J A

    2001-05-01

    An important source of patients for California's family practice program is MediCal. During the past 5 years, MediCal has established a variety of capitated managed care plans. To assess the impact of California's managed MediCal program on the state's 38 family practice training programs. A cross-sectional, retrospective descriptive survey. A 3-page, 11-question survey was developed by family practice residency directors and staff from the California Academy of Family Physicians, San Francisco. The 38 family practice programs in existence in California in September 1997 were stratified by type of managed MediCal in their county and by type of sponsoring institution--university, county, community based, staff-model health maintenance organization, or managed care system. Of the 38 family practice programs, 27 responded; 19 of 27 programs participated in managed MediCal. The total number of family health center patients, and the percentage of MediCal patients (48%-60%) at family practice programs was similar when stratified by programs with and without managed MediCal and by type of sponsorship. Most programs reported that they were able to compete effectively, although most also reported increased administrative, nursing, and front office costs. Managed MediCal patients were directly assigned to residents in only 3 of 19 programs. The introduction of managed MediCal has not adversely affected the number of patients cared for in California's family practice programs. Continued vigilance regarding California family practice programs' involvement in managed MediCal, including collection of accurate data on the number of MediCal patients and the financial and educational implications for California's family practice programs, is warranted.

  10. Roadmap for creating an accelerated three-year medical education program

    PubMed Central

    Leong, Shou Ling; Cangiarella, Joan; Fancher, Tonya; Dodson, Lisa; Grochowski, Colleen; Harnik, Vicky; Hustedde, Carol; Jones, Betsy; Kelly, Christina; Macerollo, Allison; Reboli, Annette C.; Rosenfeld, Melvin; Rundell, Kristen; Thompson, Tina; Whyte, Robert; Pusic, Martin

    2017-01-01

    ABSTRACT Medical education is undergoing significant transformation. Many medical schools are moving away from the concept of seat time to competency-based education and introducing flexibility in the curriculum that allows individualization. In response to rising student debt and the anticipated physician shortage, 35% of US medical schools are considering the development of accelerated pathways. The roadmap described in this paper is grounded in the experiences of the Consortium of Accelerated Medical Pathway Programs (CAMPP) members in the development, implementation, and evaluation of one type of accelerated pathway: the three-year MD program. Strategies include developing a mission that guides curricular development – meeting regulatory requirements, attaining institutional buy-in and resources necessary to support the programs, including student assessment and mentoring – and program evaluation. Accelerated programs offer opportunities to innovate and integrate a mission benefitting students and the public. Abbreviations: CAMPP: Consortium of accelerated medical pathway programs; GME: Graduate medical education; LCME: Liaison committee on medical education; NRMP: National residency matching program; UME: Undergraduate medical education PMID:29117817

  11. Roadmap for creating an accelerated three-year medical education program.

    PubMed

    Leong, Shou Ling; Cangiarella, Joan; Fancher, Tonya; Dodson, Lisa; Grochowski, Colleen; Harnik, Vicky; Hustedde, Carol; Jones, Betsy; Kelly, Christina; Macerollo, Allison; Reboli, Annette C; Rosenfeld, Melvin; Rundell, Kristen; Thompson, Tina; Whyte, Robert; Pusic, Martin

    2017-01-01

    Medical education is undergoing significant transformation. Many medical schools are moving away from the concept of seat time to competency-based education and introducing flexibility in the curriculum that allows individualization. In response to rising student debt and the anticipated physician shortage, 35% of US medical schools are considering the development of accelerated pathways. The roadmap described in this paper is grounded in the experiences of the Consortium of Accelerated Medical Pathway Programs (CAMPP) members in the development, implementation, and evaluation of one type of accelerated pathway: the three-year MD program. Strategies include developing a mission that guides curricular development - meeting regulatory requirements, attaining institutional buy-in and resources necessary to support the programs, including student assessment and mentoring - and program evaluation. Accelerated programs offer opportunities to innovate and integrate a mission benefitting students and the public. CAMPP: Consortium of accelerated medical pathway programs; GME: Graduate medical education; LCME: Liaison committee on medical education; NRMP: National residency matching program; UME: Undergraduate medical education.

  12. Cultivating professional responsibility in a dental hygiene curriculum.

    PubMed

    Blue, Christine M

    2013-08-01

    To prepare dental hygienists for future roles in the health care system, dental hygiene education must prepare graduates with skills, ethics, and values that align with professional responsibility. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of curricular changes designed to develop professional identity and responsibility over the entire span of the dental hygiene curriculum. Twenty-four dental hygiene students at the University of Minnesota were surveyed about their attitudes toward access to dental care, society's and health professionals' responsibility to care for the underserved, and their personal efficacy to provide care for the underserved. Surveys were conducted at three time points in the curriculum. The Attitudes Toward Health Care instrument adapted by Holtzman for dental use was used to survey the students. The findings indicate that this institution's curricular changes were effective in cultivating professional responsibility among these students. Their attitude scores increased across the six-semester curriculum, and students in their last semester of the program believed that all individuals have a right to dental care and that society has an obligation to provide dental care. These students' sense of obligation to care for the needy became stronger and their perceptions of their own ability to impact the community and act as an agent of change also increased.

  13. UNICEF, syphilis and the state: negotiating female citizenship in the post-Second World War world.

    PubMed

    Morris, Jennifer

    2010-01-01

    Few charitable organizations have achieved the status of global recognition enjoyed by UNICEF, the United Nations Children's Fund, which embodies the international effort to provide for needy children the world over. Created because of its synchronicity with the United Nations' stated purpose—to maintain peace in the world—UNICEF launched its operations in 1946. Its founding, early operations and eventual restructuring reveal a great deal about concurrent political and economic events, but also provide keen insight into international ideas about who qualified for full citizenship in the post-war world. The consequences of UNICEF's policies, procedures and practices posed challenges to notions of citizenship for both women and children. It challenged citizenship not by questioning sex-specific gender roles, but by judiciously adhering to the United Nations' promise to create equality for men and women alike. UNICEF found itself in the unique position to be able to globalize definitions of what constituted full citizenship in any nation, due to its rapid expansion throughout the world. Through its programs, especially those related to health care, it not only challenged these roles in the West, but began over several decades to complicate the definition of citizenship as it became a forceful presence in Asia and Africa throughout the 1970s.

  14. Interpersonal violence among women seeking welfare: unraveling lives.

    PubMed

    Lown, E Anne; Schmidt, Laura A; Wiley, James

    2006-08-01

    Exposure to violence is a widespread problem among women who receive welfare benefits. Research has focused on partner violence among women with children on Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), ignoring low-income women without dependent children who are eligible for General Assistance (GA). We report findings from a survey of 1235 women seeking TANF (N=1095) and GA (N=140) throughout a California county. Estimates of recent physical, sexual, and severe violence were high in both populations. However, the highest rates occurred among women without children seeking GA, suggesting that they are at higher risk for sexual violence and more severe forms of physical violence, especially from intimate partners. This increased risk is partly accounted for by the co-occurrence of other serious health and social problems. In multivariate analyses, past-year violence was associated with substance use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5, 2.9), recent homelessness (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.4, 2.6), family fragmentation including divorce or separation (AOR=3.1, 95% CI 1.8, 5.2), or foster care involvement (AOR=2.2, 95% CI=1.1, 4.5) Welfare reform created TANF programs to address domestic violence. Women seeking GA may need similar services because of the high prevalence of violence.

  15. The current status of education and career paths of students after completion of medical physicist programs in Japan: a survey by the Japanese Board for Medical Physicist Qualification.

    PubMed

    Kadoya, Noriyuki; Karasawa, Kumiko; Sumida, Iori; Arimura, Hidetaka; Yamada, Syogo

    2015-07-01

    To standardize educational programs and clinical training for medical physics students, the Japanese Board for Medical Physicist Qualification (JBMP) began to accredit master's, doctorate, and residency programs for medical physicists in 2012. At present, 16 universities accredited by the JBMP offer 22 courses. In this study, we aimed to survey the current status of educational programs and career paths of students after completion of the medical physicist program in Japan. A questionnaire was sent in August 2014 to 32 universities offering medical physicist programs. The questionnaire was created and organized by the educational course certification committee of the JBMP and comprised two sections: the first collected information about the university attended, and the second collected information about characteristics and career paths of students after completion of medical physicist programs from 2008 to 2014. Thirty universities (16 accredited and 14 non-accredited) completed the survey (response rate 94 %). A total of 209, 40, and 3 students graduated from the master's, doctorate, and residency programs, respectively. Undergraduates entered the medical physicist program constantly, indicating an interest in medical physics among undergraduates. A large percentage of the students held a bachelor's degree in radiological technology (master's program 94 %; doctorate program 70 %); graduates obtained a national radiological technologist license. Regarding career paths, although the number of the graduates who work as medical physicist remains low, 7 % with a master's degree and 50 % with a doctorate degree worked as medical physicists. Our results could be helpful for improving the medical physicist program in Japan.

  16. Newborn Survival Case Study in Rwanda - Bottleneck Analysis and Projections in Key Maternal and Child Mortality Rates Using Lives Saved Tool (LiST).

    PubMed

    Khurmi, Manpreet Singh; Sayinzoga, Felix; Berhe, Atakilt; Bucyana, Tatien; Mwali, Assumpta Kayinamura; Manzi, Emmanuel; Muthu, Maharajan

    2017-01-01

    The Newborn Survival Case study in Rwanda provides an analysis of the newborn health and survival situation in the country. It reviews evidence-based interventions and coverage levels already implemented in the country; identifies key issues and bottlenecks in service delivery and uptake of services by community/beneficiaries, and provides key recommendations aimed at faster reduction in newborn mortality rate. This study utilized mixed method research including qualitative and quantitative analyses of various maternal and newborn health programs implemented in the country. This included interviewing key stakeholders at each level, field visits and also interviewing beneficiaries for assessment of uptake of services. Monitoring systems such as Health Management Information Systems (HMIS), maternal and newborn death audits were reviewed and data analyzed to aid these analyses. Policies, protocols, various guidelines and tools for monitoring are already in place however, implementation of these remains a challenge e.g. infection control practices to reduce deaths due to sepsis. Although existing staff are quite knowledgeable and are highly motivated, however, shortage of health personnel especially doctors in an issue. New facilities are being operationalized e.g. at Gisenyi, however, the existing facilities needs expansion. It is essential to implement high impact evidence based interventions but coverage levels need to be significantly high in order to achieve higher reduction in newborn mortality rate. Equity approach should be considered in planning so that the services are better implemented and the poor and needy can get the benefits of public health programs.

  17. OA27 Rural palliative care for low resource settings among marginalised communities in the south indian state of tamilnadu - a new venture with two and a half years of outcome.

    PubMed

    Thiagarajan, Mohanasundaram

    2015-04-01

    India with a total of 1.27 Billion (2014) population and over 73% of them are living in rural areas. Cancer remaining as the second cause of death in rural community and at any given time over 4 million cancer cases are living in our country and most of them are diagnosed at their advanced stages and suffering with intractable pain and 'total sufferings'. At present, time available for palliative care services is less than 1% for the needy, it is mostly spread out around the urban areas leaving the remaining 73% of rural sufferers in lack of availability, accessibility, acceptability and affordability. To identify the need for palliative care, in a particular Block of the district, and provide home based total care. Selection of 'Andanallur' village block with a population of nearly 100,000. Sensitisation of the health care staff, village members, self help groups and schools and through the Information, educative and communication methods. Conduction of a primary survey to identify the needy Examination and short listing cases for home based Palliative care Home based palliative care The project was started in 2011 January and 156 cases short listed; 121 cases started with home care and 52 cases had passed away, 8 cases were given end of life care. Palliative care reaching the sufferers directly Reaching the unreachable and under-privileged Need based 'total care' at their door steps Empowering and training the family members. © 2015, Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

  18. Innovation and entrepreneurship programs in US medical education: a landscape review and thematic analysis

    PubMed Central

    Niccum, Blake A; Sarker, Arnab; Wolf, Stephen J; Trowbridge, Matthew J

    2017-01-01

    ABSTRACT Background: Training in innovation and entrepreneurship (I&E) in medical education has become increasingly prevalent among medical schools to train students in complex problem solving and solution design. Objective: We aim to characterize I&E education in US allopathic medical schools to provide insight into the features and objectives of this growing field. Design: I&E programs were identified in 2016 via structured searches of 158 US allopathic medical school websites. Program characteristics were identified from public program resources and structured phone interviews with program directors. Curricular themes were identified via thematic analysis of program resources, and themes referenced by >50% of programs were analyzed. Results: Thirteen programs were identified. Programs had a median age of four years, and contained a median of 13 students. Programs were led by faculty from diverse professional backgrounds, and all awarded formal recognition to graduates. Nine programs spanned all four years of medical school and ten programs required a capstone project. Thematic analysis revealed seven educational themes (innovation, entrepreneurship, technology, leadership, healthcare systems, business of medicine, and enhanced adaptability) and two teaching method themes (active learning, interdisciplinary teaching) referenced by >50% of programs. Conclusions: The landscape of medical school I&E programs is rapidly expanding to address newfound skills needed by physicians due to ongoing changes in healthcare, but programs remain relatively few and small compared to class size. This landscape analysis is the first review of I&E in medical education and may contribute to development of a formal educational framework or competency model for current or future programs. Abbreviations: AAMC: American Association of Medical Colleges; AMA: American Medical Association; I&E: Innovation and entrepreneurship PMID:28789602

  19. Innovation and entrepreneurship programs in US medical education: a landscape review and thematic analysis.

    PubMed

    Niccum, Blake A; Sarker, Arnab; Wolf, Stephen J; Trowbridge, Matthew J

    2017-01-01

    Training in innovation and entrepreneurship (I&E) in medical education has become increasingly prevalent among medical schools to train students in complex problem solving and solution design. We aim to characterize I&E education in US allopathic medical schools to provide insight into the features and objectives of this growing field. I&E programs were identified in 2016 via structured searches of 158 US allopathic medical school websites. Program characteristics were identified from public program resources and structured phone interviews with program directors. Curricular themes were identified via thematic analysis of program resources, and themes referenced by >50% of programs were analyzed. Thirteen programs were identified. Programs had a median age of four years, and contained a median of 13 students. Programs were led by faculty from diverse professional backgrounds, and all awarded formal recognition to graduates. Nine programs spanned all four years of medical school and ten programs required a capstone project. Thematic analysis revealed seven educational themes (innovation, entrepreneurship, technology, leadership, healthcare systems, business of medicine, and enhanced adaptability) and two teaching method themes (active learning, interdisciplinary teaching) referenced by >50% of programs. The landscape of medical school I&E programs is rapidly expanding to address newfound skills needed by physicians due to ongoing changes in healthcare, but programs remain relatively few and small compared to class size. This landscape analysis is the first review of I&E in medical education and may contribute to development of a formal educational framework or competency model for current or future programs. AAMC: American Association of Medical Colleges; AMA: American Medical Association; I&E: Innovation and entrepreneurship.

  20. Humanities for medical students? A qualitative study of a medical humanities curriculum in a medical school program

    PubMed Central

    Wachtler, Caroline; Lundin, Susanne; Troein, Margareta

    2006-01-01

    Background Today, there is a trend towards establishing the medical humanities as a component of medical education. However, medical humanities programs that exist within the context of a medical school can be problematic. The aim of this study was to explore problems that can arise with the establishment of a medical humanities curriculum in a medical school program. Methods Our theoretical approach in this study is informed by derridean deconstruction and by post-structuralist analysis. We examined the ideology of the Humanities and Medicine program at Lund University, Sweden, the practical implementation of the program, and how ideology and practice corresponded. Examination of the ideology driving the humanities and medicine program was based on a critical reading of all available written material concerning the Humanities and Medicine project. The practice of the program was examined by means of a participatory observation study of one course, and by in-depth interviews with five students who participated in the course. Data was analysed using a hermeneutic editing approach. Results The ideological language used to describe the program calls it an interdisciplinary learning environment but at the same time shows that the conditions of the program are established by the medical faculty's agenda. In practice, the "humanities" are constructed, defined and used within a medical frame of reference. Medical students have interesting discussions, acquire concepts and enjoy the program. But they come away lacking theoretical structure to understand what they have learned. There is no place for humanities students in the program. Conclusion A challenge facing cross-disciplinary programs is creating an environment where the disciplines have equal standing and contribution. PMID:16519815

  1. 5 CFR 339.205 - Medical evaluation programs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Medical evaluation programs. 339.205 Section 339.205 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS MEDICAL QUALIFICATION DETERMINATIONS Physical and Medical Qualifications § 339.205 Medical evaluation programs. Agencies...

  2. 5 CFR 339.205 - Medical evaluation programs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Medical evaluation programs. 339.205 Section 339.205 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS MEDICAL QUALIFICATION DETERMINATIONS Physical and Medical Qualifications § 339.205 Medical evaluation programs. Agencies...

  3. 5 CFR 339.205 - Medical evaluation programs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Medical evaluation programs. 339.205 Section 339.205 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS MEDICAL QUALIFICATION DETERMINATIONS Physical and Medical Qualifications § 339.205 Medical evaluation programs. Agencies...

  4. Development of a Medical Humanities Program at Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine, Nova Scotia, Canada, 1992-2003.

    PubMed

    Murray, Jock

    2003-10-01

    The Medical Humanities Program at Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine in Nova Scotia, Canada, was initiated in 1992 to incorporate the medical humanities into the learning and experiences of medical students. The goal of the program was to gain acceptance as an integral part of the medical school. The program assumed a broad concept of the medical humanities that includes medical history, literature, music, art, multiculturalism, philosophy, epistemology, theology, anthropology, professionalism, history of alternative therapies, writing, storytelling, health law, international medicine, and ethics. Phase I of the program has provided the same elective and research opportunities in the medical humanities that are available to the students in clinical and basic sciences, and has encouraged and legitimized the involvement of the humanities in the life and learning of the medical student through a wide array of programs and activities. Phase II will focus on further incorporation of the humanities into the curriculum. Phase III will be the development of a graduate program in medical humanities to train more faculty who will incorporate the humanities into their teaching and into the development of education programs.

  5. 49 CFR 390.105 - Medical examiner training programs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Medical examiner training programs. 390.105... FEDERAL MOTOR CARRIER SAFETY REGULATIONS; GENERAL National Registry of Certified Medical Examiners § 390.105 Medical examiner training programs. An applicant for medical examiner certification must complete...

  6. 49 CFR 390.105 - Medical examiner training programs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Medical examiner training programs. 390.105... FEDERAL MOTOR CARRIER SAFETY REGULATIONS; GENERAL National Registry of Certified Medical Examiners § 390.105 Medical examiner training programs. An applicant for medical examiner certification must complete...

  7. Effect of two Howard Hughes Medical Institute research training programs for medical students on the likelihood of pursuing research careers.

    PubMed

    Fang, Di; Meyer, Roger E

    2003-12-01

    To assess the effect of Howard Hughes Medical Institute's (HHMI) two one-year research training programs for medical students on the awardees' research careers. Awardees of the HHMI Cloister Program who graduated between 1987 and 1995 and awardees of the HHMI Medical Fellows Program who graduated between 1991 and 1995 were compared with unsuccessful applicants to the programs and MD-PhD students who graduated during the same periods. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess research career outcomes while controlling for academic and demographic variables that could affect selection to the programs. Participation in both HHMI programs increased the likelihood of receiving National Institutes of Health postdoctoral support. Participation in the Cloister Program also increased the likelihood of receiving a faculty appointment with research responsibility at a medical school. In addition, awardees of the Medical Fellows Program were not significantly less likely than Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP) and non-MSTP MD-PhD program participants to receive a National Institutes of Health postdoctoral award, and awardees of the Cloister Program were not significantly less likely than non-MSTP MD-PhD students to receive a faculty appointment with research responsibility. Women and underrepresented minority students were proportionally represented among awardees of the two HHMI programs whereas they were relatively underrepresented in MD-PhD programs. The one-year intensive research training supported by the HHMI training programs appears to provide an effective imprinting experience on medical students' research careers and to be an attractive strategy for training physician-scientists.

  8. Development of an interdisciplinary pre-matriculation program designed to promote medical students’ self efficacy

    PubMed Central

    Kosobuski, Anna Wirta; Whitney, Abigail; Skildum, Andrew; Prunuske, Amy

    2017-01-01

    ABSTRACT Background and objectives: A four-week interdisciplinary pre-matriculation program for Native American and rural medical students was created and its impact on students’ transition to medical school was assessed. The program extends the goals of many pre-matriculation programs by aiming to increase not only students’ understanding of basic science knowledge, but also to build student self-efficacy through practice with medical school curricular elements while developing their academic support networks. Design: A mixed method evaluation was used to determine whether the goals of the program were achieved (n = 22). Student knowledge gains and retention of the microbiology content were assessed using a microbiology concept inventory. Students participated in focus groups to identify the benefits of participating in the program as well as the key components of the program that benefitted the students. Results: Program participants showed retention of microbiology content and increased confidence about the overall medical school experience after participating in the summer program. Conclusions: By nurturing self-efficacy, participation in a pre-matriculation program supported medical students from Native American and rural backgrounds during their transition to medical school. Abbreviations: CAIMH: Center of American Indian and Minority Health; MCAT: Medical College Admission Test; PBL: Problem based learning; UM MSD: University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth PMID:28178916

  9. General Medical Surveillance Program

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1993-01-01

    Background on the General Medical Surveillance Program at LeRC is presented. The purpose of the General Medical Surveillance Program at LeRC is outlined, and the specifics of the program are discussed.

  10. 78 FR 19725 - Merchant Mariner Medical Evaluation Program

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-02

    ... Examiners program, could be applied by the Coast Guard in making medical fitness determinations for issuance... Designated Aviation Medical Examiners program, could be applied by the Coast Guard in making medical fitness... ultimate determination of medical fitness rests with the Coast Guard, mariners may have any authorized...

  11. Alternatives to national average income data as eligibility criteria for international subsidies: a social justice perspective.

    PubMed

    Shebaya, Sirine; Sutherland, Andrea; Levine, Orin; Faden, Ruth

    2010-12-01

    Current strategies to address global inequities in access to life-saving vaccines use averaged national income data to determine eligibility. While largely successful in the lowest income countries, we argue that this approach could lead to significant inefficiencies from the standpoint of justice if applied to middle-income countries, where income inequalities are large and lead to national averages that obscure truly needy populations. Instead, we suggest alternative indicators more sensitive to social justice concerns that merit consideration by policy-makers developing new initiatives to redress health inequities in middle-income countries. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

  12. Predicting relatedness and self-definition depressive experiences in aging women based on personality traits: a preliminary study.

    PubMed

    Henriques-Calado, Joana; Duarte-Silva, Maria Eugénia; Campos, Rui C; Sacoto, Carlota; Keong, Ana Marta; Junqueira, Diana

    2013-01-01

    As part of the research relating personality and depression, this study seeks to predict depressive experiences in aging women according to Sidney Blatt's perspective based on the Five-Factor Model of Personality. The NEO-Five Factor Inventory and the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire were administered. The domains Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness predicted self-criticism, explaining 68% of the variance; the domains Neuroticism and Extraversion predicted dependency, explaining 62% of the variance. The subfactors Neediness and Connectedness were differently related to personality traits. These findings are relevant to the research relating personality and anaclitic / introjective depressive experiences in late adulthood.

  13. 10 CFR 850.36 - Medical consent.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Medical consent. 850.36 Section 850.36 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CHRONIC BERYLLIUM DISEASE PREVENTION PROGRAM Specific Program Requirements § 850.36 Medical... medical surveillance program established in § 850.34 at least one week before the first medical evaluation...

  14. 10 CFR 850.36 - Medical consent.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Medical consent. 850.36 Section 850.36 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CHRONIC BERYLLIUM DISEASE PREVENTION PROGRAM Specific Program Requirements § 850.36 Medical... medical surveillance program established in § 850.34 at least one week before the first medical evaluation...

  15. 10 CFR 850.36 - Medical consent.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Medical consent. 850.36 Section 850.36 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CHRONIC BERYLLIUM DISEASE PREVENTION PROGRAM Specific Program Requirements § 850.36 Medical... medical surveillance program established in § 850.34 at least one week before the first medical evaluation...

  16. 10 CFR 850.36 - Medical consent.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Medical consent. 850.36 Section 850.36 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CHRONIC BERYLLIUM DISEASE PREVENTION PROGRAM Specific Program Requirements § 850.36 Medical... medical surveillance program established in § 850.34 at least one week before the first medical evaluation...

  17. 10 CFR 850.36 - Medical consent.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Medical consent. 850.36 Section 850.36 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CHRONIC BERYLLIUM DISEASE PREVENTION PROGRAM Specific Program Requirements § 850.36 Medical... medical surveillance program established in § 850.34 at least one week before the first medical evaluation...

  18. Highway Safety Program Manual: Volume 11: Emergency Medical Services.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (DOT), Washington, DC.

    Volume 11 of the 19-volume Highway Safety Program Manual (which provides guidance to State and local governments on preferred highway safety practices) concentrates on emergency medical services. The purpose of the program, Federal authority in the area of medical services, and policies related to an emergency medical services (EMS) program are…

  19. MD/MBA Students: An Analysis of Medical Student Career Choice.

    PubMed

    Sherrill, Windsor Westbrook

    2004-12-01

    An increasing number of medical schools are offering dual degree MD/MBA programs. Career choices and factors influencing students to enter these programs provide an indicator of the roles in which dual degree students will serve in health care as well as the future of dual degree programs. Using career choice theory as a conceptual framework, career goals and factors influencing decisions to enter dual degree programs were assessed among dual degree medical students. Students enrolled at dual degree programs at six medical schools were surveyed and interviewed. A control group of traditional medical students was also surveyed. Factors influencing students to seek both medical and business training are varied but are often related to a desire for leadership opportunities, concerns about change in medicine and job security and personal career goals. Most students expect to combine clinical and administrative roles. Students entering these programs do so for a variety of reasons and plan diverse careers. These findings can provide guidance for program development and recruitment for dual degree medical education programs.

  20. Experience with a pharmacy technician medication history program.

    PubMed

    Cooper, Julie B; Lilliston, Michelle; Brooks, DeAnne; Swords, Bruce

    2014-09-15

    The implementation and outcomes of a pharmacy technician medication history program are described. An interprofessional medication reconciliation team, led by a clinical pharmacist and a clinical nurse specialist, was charged with implementing a new electronic medication reconciliation system to improve compliance with medication reconciliation at discharge and capture compliance-linked reimbursement. The team recommended that the pharmacy department be allocated new pharmacy technician full-time-equivalent positions to assume ownership of the medication history process. Concurrent with the implementation of this program, a medication history standard was developed to define rules for documentation of what a patient reports he or she is actually taking. The standard requires a structured interview with the patient or caregiver and validation with outside sources as indicated to determine which medications to document in the medication history. The standard is based on four medication administration category rules: scheduled, as-needed, short-term, and discontinued medications. The medication history standard forms the core of the medication history technician training and accountability program. Pharmacy technicians are supervised by pharmacists, using a defined accountability plan based on a set of medical staff approved rules for what medications comprise a best possible medication history. Medication history accuracy and completeness rates have been consistently over 90% and rates of provider compliance with medication reconciliation rose from under 20% to 100% since program implementation. A defined medication history based on a medication history standard served as an effective foundation for a pharmacy technician medication history program, which helped improve provider compliance with discharge medication reconciliation. Copyright © 2014 by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. All rights reserved.

Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. Their policies may differ from this site.
Top