Scrubbing technique for needleless connectors to minimize contamination risk.

PubMed

Satou, K; Kusanagi, R; Nishizawa, A; Hori, S

2018-03-21

This study aimed to investigate the appropriate scrubbing technique for needleless connectors to minimize contamination risk. To demonstrate a highly effective scrubbing technique to physically eliminate bacteria, needleless connectors were contaminated with Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores and then scrubbed. The study showed that the highest bacterial elimination rate was achieved by scrubbing an access port in a straight line with an alcohol cotton swab, applying a force that was almost equal to an arterial compression haemostasis to the access port, and repeating this procedure once using a new alcohol cotton swab. Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Stiffening of short small-size circular composite steel–concrete columns with shear connectors

PubMed Central

Younes, Sherif M.; Ramadan, Hazem M.; Mourad, Sherif A.

2015-01-01

An experimental program was conducted to investigate the effect of shear connectors’ distribution and method of load application on load–displacement relationship and behavior of thin-walled short concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) columns when subjected to axial load. The study focused on the compressive strength of the CFT columns and the efficiency of the shear stud in distribution of the load between the concrete core and steel tube. The study showed that the use of shear connectors enhanced slightly the axial capacity of CFT columns. It is also shown that shear connectors have a great effect on load distribution between the concrete and steel tubes. PMID:27222757

75 FR 32803 - Notice of Issuance of Final Determination Concerning a GTX Mobile+ Hand Held Computer

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-09

... Programmable Read-Only Memory (``PROM'') chip, substantially transformed the PROM into a U.S. article. The... parts (such as various connectors and an Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory, or...

Phi29 Connector-DNA Interactions Govern DNA Crunching and Rotation, Supporting the Check-Valve Model

PubMed Central

Kumar, Rajendra; Grubmüller, Helmut

2016-01-01

During replication of the ϕ29 bacteriophage inside a bacterial host cell, a DNA packaging motor transports the viral DNA into the procapsid against a pressure difference of up to 40 ± 20 atm. Several models have been proposed for the underlying molecular mechanism. Here we have used molecular dynamics simulations to examine the role of the connector part of the motor, and specifically the one-way revolution and the push-roll model. We have focused at the structure and intermolecular interactions between the DNA and the connector, for which a near-complete structure is available. The connector is found to induce considerable DNA deformations with respect to its canonical B-form. We further assessed by force-probe simulations to which extent the connector is able to prevent DNA leakage and found that the connector can act as a partial one-way valve by a check-valve mechanism via its mobile loops. Analysis of the geometry, flexibility, and energetics of channel lysine residues suggested that this arrangement of residues is incompatible with the observed DNA packaging step-size of ∼2.5 bp, such that the step-size is probably determined by the other components of the motor. Previously proposed DNA revolution and rolling motions inside the connector channel are both found implausible due to structural entanglement between the DNA and connector loops that have not been resolved in the crystal structure. Rather, in the simulations, the connector facilitates minor DNA rotation during the packaging process compatible with recent optical-tweezers experiments. Combined with the available experimental data, our simulation results suggest that the connector acts as a check-valve that prevents DNA leakage and induces DNA compression and rotation during DNA packaging. PMID:26789768

Axial compression behavior and partial composite action of SC walls in safety-related nuclear facilities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Kai

Steel-plate reinforced concrete (SC) composite walls typically consist of thick concrete walls with two exterior steel faceplates. The concrete core is sandwiched between the two steel faceplates, and the faceplates are attached to the concrete core using shear connectors, for example, ASTM A108 steel headed shear studs. The shear connectors and the concrete infill enhance the stability of the steel faceplates, and the faceplates serve as permanent formwork for concrete placement. SC composite walls were first introduced in the 1980's in Japan for nuclear power plant (NPP) structures. They are used in the new generation of nuclear power plants (GIII+) and being considered for small modular reactors (SMR) due to their structural efficiency, economy, safety, and construction speed. Steel faceplates can potentially undergo local buckling at certain locations of NPP structures where compressive forces are significant. The steel faceplates are usually thin (0.25 to 1.50 inches in Customary units, or 6.5 to 38 mm in SI units) to maintain economical and constructional efficiency, the geometric imperfections and locked-in stresses induced during construction make them more vulnerable to local buckling. Accidental thermal loading may also reduce the compressive strength and exacerbate the local buckling potential of SC composite walls. This dissertation presents the results from experimental and numerical investigations of the compressive behavior of SC composite walls at ambient and elevated temperatures. The results are used to establish a slenderness limit to prevent local buckling before yielding of the steel faceplates and to develop a design approach for calculating the compressive strength of SC composite walls with non-slender and slender steel faceplates at ambient and elevated temperatures. Composite action in SC walls is achieved by the embedment of shear connectors into the concrete core. The strength and stiffness of shear connectors govern the level of composite action. This level of partial composite action can influence the behavior and stiffness of SC composite walls. This dissertation presents numerical investigations of the level of partial composite action and its influence on the flexural stiffness of SC walls. The results are used to propose design criteria for steel headed shear studs, such as their size, spacing, and strength.

DEVELOPMENT OF REMOTE HANFORD CONNECTOR GASKET REPLACEMENT TOOLING FOR DWPF

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Krementz, D.; Coughlin, Jeffrey

2009-05-05

The Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) requested the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) to develop tooling and equipment to remotely replace gaskets in mechanical Hanford connectors to reduce personnel radiation exposure as compared to the current hands-on method. It is also expected that radiation levels will continually increase with future waste streams. The equipment is operated in the Remote Equipment Decontamination Cell (REDC), which is equipped with compressed air, two master-slave manipulators (MSM's) and an electro-mechanical manipulator (EMM) arm for operation of the remote tools. The REDC does not provide access to electrical power, so the equipment must be manuallymore » or pneumatically operated. The MSM's have a load limit at full extension of ten pounds, which limited the weight of the installation tool. In order to remotely replace Hanford connector gaskets several operations must be performed remotely, these include: removal of the spent gasket and retaining ring (retaining ring is also called snap ring), loading the new snap ring and gasket into the installation tool and installation of the new gasket into the Hanford connector. SRNL developed and tested tools that successfully perform all of the necessary tasks. Removal of snap rings from horizontal and vertical connectors is performed by separate air actuated retaining ring removal tools and is manipulated in the cell by the MSM. In order install a new gasket, the snap ring loader is used to load a new snap ring into a groove in the gasket installation tool. A new gasket is placed on the installation tool and retained by custom springs. An MSM lifts the installation tool and presses the mounted gasket against the connector block. Once the installation tool is in position, the gasket and snap ring are installed onto the connector by pneumatic actuation. All of the tools are located on a custom work table with a pneumatic valve station that directs compressed air to the desired tool and vents the tools as needed. Extensive testing of tooling operation was performed in the DWPF manipulator repair shop. This testing allowed the operators to gain confidence before the equipment was exposed to radioactive contamination. The testing also led to multiple design improvements. On July 17 and 29, 2008 the Remote Gasket Replacement Tooling was successfully demonstrated in the REDC at the DWPF of The Savannah River Site.« less

Behaviour of partially composite precast concrete sandwich panels under flexural and axial loads

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tomlinson, Douglas George

Precast concrete sandwich panels are commonly used on building exteriors. They are typically composed of two concrete wythes that surround rigid insulation. They are advantageous as they provide both structural and thermal resistance. The structural response of sandwich panels is heavily influenced by shear connectors that link the wythes together. This thesis presents a study on partially composite non-prestressed precast concrete wall panels. Nine flexure tests were conducted on a wall design incorporating 'floating' concrete studs and Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) connectors. The studs encapsulate and stiffen the connectors, reducing shear deformations. Ultimate loads increased from 58 to 80% that of a composite section as the connectors' reinforcement ratio increased from 2.6 to 9.8%. This design was optimized by reinforcing the studs and integrating them with the structural wythe; new connectors composed of angled steel or Basalt-FRP (BFRP) were used. The load-slip response of the new connector design was studied through 38 double shear push-through tests using various connector diameters and insertion angles. Larger connectors were stronger but more likely to pull out. Seven flexure tests were conducted on the new wall design reinforced with different combinations of steel and BFRP connectors and reinforcement. Composite action varied from 50 to 90% depending on connector and reinforcement material. Following this study, the axial-bending interaction curves were established for the new wall design using both BFRP and steel connectors and reinforcement. Eight panels were axially loaded to predesignated loads then loaded in flexure to failure. A technique is presented to experimentally determine the effective centroid of partially composite sections. Beyond the tension and compression-controlled failure regions of the interaction curve, a third region was observed in between, governed by connector failure. Theoretical models were developed for the bond-slip behaviour of the shear connection and to analyze the full panel's flexural and axial response to determine the longitudinal shear force transferred between wythes and account for partial composite behavior. The models were validated against experiments and used to conduct a parametric study. Among several interesting findings, the study demonstrated how composite action increases with the slenderness of axially loaded panels.

High current capacity electrical connector

DOEpatents

Bettis, Edward S.; Watts, Harry L.

1976-01-13

An electrical connector is provided for coupling high current capacity electrical conductors such as copper busses or the like. The connector is arranged in a "sandwiched" configuration in which a conductor plate contacts the busses along major surfaces thereof clamped between two stainless steel backing plates. The conductor plate is provided with a plurality of contact buttons affixed therein in a spaced array such that the caps of the buttons extend above the conductor plate surface to contact the busses. When clamping bolts provided through openings in the sandwiched arrangement are tightened, Belleville springs provided under the rim of each button cap are compressed and resiliently force the caps into contact with the busses' contacting surfaces to maintain a predetermined electrical contact area provided by the button cap tops. The contact area does not change with changing thermal or mechanical stresses applied to the coupled conductors.

Miniature electrical connector

DOEpatents

Casper, Robert F.

1976-01-01

A miniature coaxial cable electrical connector includes an annular compressible gasket in a receptacle member, the gasket having a generally triangular cross section resiliently engaging and encircling a conically tapered outer surface of a plug member to create an elongated current leakage path at their interface; means for preventing rotation of the plug relative to the receptacle; a metal sleeve forming a portion of the receptacle and encircling the plug member when interconnected; and a split ring in the plug having outwardly and rearwardly projecting fingers spaced from and encircling a portion of a coaxial cable and engageable with the metal sleeve to interlock the receptacle and plug.

Design and application of nickel-titanium olecranon memory connector in treatment of olecranon fractures: a prospective randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Chen, Xiao; Liu, Peng; Zhu, Xiaofei; Cao, Liehu; Zhang, Chuncai; Su, Jiacan

2013-06-01

We carried out this study to test the efficacy of the olecranon memory connector (OMC) in olecranon fractures. We designed a prospective randomised controlled trial involving 40 cases of olecranon fractures. From May 2004 to December 2009, 40 patients with olecranon fractures were randomly assigned into two groups. Twenty patients were treated with OMC, while another 20 patients were fixed with locking plates in our hospital. The DASH score, MEP score, range of motion and radiographs were used to evaluate the postoperative elbow function and complications. For MEP score, OMC was better than the locking plate; for DASH score, complication rate, and range of elbow motion, the two methods presented no significant difference. The study showed that OMC could be an effective alternative to treat olecranon fractures.

Memory hierarchy using row-based compression

DOEpatents

Loh, Gabriel H.; O'Connor, James M.

2016-10-25

A system includes a first memory and a device coupleable to the first memory. The device includes a second memory to cache data from the first memory. The second memory includes a plurality of rows, each row including a corresponding set of compressed data blocks of non-uniform sizes and a corresponding set of tag blocks. Each tag block represents a corresponding compressed data block of the row. The device further includes decompression logic to decompress data blocks accessed from the second memory. The device further includes compression logic to compress data blocks to be stored in the second memory.

Welding of hermetic connectors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hieber, D.E.

1976-08-01

Certain systems use hermetically-sealed multipin connectors welded into a stainless steel support ring. Failure of these hermetic seals during welding continues to be a problem, and similar problems are anticipated on advanced systems. Since the assembly is expensive, and the detection, prevention, and repair of hermetic seal failures is costly, development of an improved welding process is important. Extended service life also requires a lower system leak rate, thus causing an increased need for maintaining the hermetic seal without supplemental epoxy sealing and repair. Experience shows that up to 70 percent of the 10-pin SA1810-2 connectors have gross leaks (greatermore » than 0.003 mm/sup 3//s Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)) after being welded using established welding processes and without using the epoxy pre-seal process. Acceptable leak rates of less than 0.00001 mm/sup 3//s STP were achieved from 20 SA1810-2 10-pin connectors using heat sinks and an intermittent gas-tungsten-arc (GTA) weld technique. The process developed consists of using a massive copper heat sink with silicon thermal joint compound to maintain control of temperature in the hermetic seal area and using a 12-segment GTA weld with compressed argon gas cooling between weld segments. The process and techniques developed are considered acceptable for welding the SA1810 family of connectors.« less

Compression in Working Memory and Its Relationship With Fluid Intelligence.

PubMed

Chekaf, Mustapha; Gauvrit, Nicolas; Guida, Alessandro; Mathy, Fabien

2018-06-01

Working memory has been shown to be strongly related to fluid intelligence; however, our goal is to shed further light on the process of information compression in working memory as a determining factor of fluid intelligence. Our main hypothesis was that compression in working memory is an excellent indicator for studying the relationship between working-memory capacity and fluid intelligence because both depend on the optimization of storage capacity. Compressibility of memoranda was estimated using an algorithmic complexity metric. The results showed that compressibility can be used to predict working-memory performance and that fluid intelligence is well predicted by the ability to compress information. We conclude that the ability to compress information in working memory is the reason why both manipulation and retention of information are linked to intelligence. This result offers a new concept of intelligence based on the idea that compression and intelligence are equivalent problems. Copyright © 2018 Cognitive Science Society, Inc.

High pressure capillary connector

DOEpatents

Renzi, Ronald F.

2005-08-09

A high pressure connector capable of operating at pressures of 40,000 psi or higher is provided. This connector can be employed to position a first fluid-bearing conduit that has a proximal end and a distal end to a second fluid-bearing conduit thereby providing fluid communication between the first and second fluid-bearing conduits. The connector includes (a) an internal fitting assembly having a body cavity with (i) a lower segment that defines a lower segment aperture and (ii) an interiorly threaded upper segment, (b) a first member having a first member aperture that traverses its length wherein the first member aperture is configured to accommodate the first fluid-bearing conduit and wherein the first member is positioned in the lower segment of the internal fitting assembly, and (c) a second member having a second member aperture that traverses its length wherein the second member is positioned in the upper segment of the fitting assembly and wherein a lower surface of the second member is in contact with an upper surface of the first member to assert a compressive force onto the first member and wherein the first member aperture and the second member aperture are coaxial.

Design and Clinical Application of Proximal Humerus Memory Connector

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Shuo-Gui; Zhang, Chun-Cai

2011-02-01

Treatment for comminuted proximal humerus fractures and nonunions are a substantial challenge for orthopedic surgeons. Plate and screw fixation does not provide enough stability to allow patients to begin functional exercises early after surgery. Using shape memory material nickel titanium alloy, we designed a new device for treating severe comminuted proximal humerus fractures that accommodates for the anatomical features of the proximal humerus. Twenty-two cases of comminuted fracture, malunion, and nonunion of the proximal humerus were treated with the proximal humeral memory connector (PHMC). No external fixation was needed after the operation and patients began active shoulder exercises an average of 8 days after the operation. Follow-up evaluation (mean 18.5 months) revealed that bone healing with lamellar bone formation occurred an average of 3.6 months after surgery for the fracture cases and 4.5 months after surgery for the nonunion cases. Average shoulder function was 88.5 according to the criteria of Michael Reese. PHMC is an effective new device to treat comminuted proximal humerus fractures and nonunions. The use of this device may reduce the need for shoulder joint arthroplasty.

Fiber optical cable and connector system (FOCCoS) for PFS/ Subaru

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de Oliveira, Antonio Cesar; de Oliveira, Lígia Souza; de Arruda, Marcio V.; Souza Marrara, Lucas; dos Santos, Leandro H.; Ferreira, Décio; dos Santos, Jesulino B.; Rosa, Josimar A.; Junior, Orlando V.; Pereira, Jeferson M.; Castilho, Bruno; Gneiding, Clemens; Junior, Laerte S.; de Oliveira, Claudia M.; Gunn, James; Ueda, Akitoshi; Takato, Naruhisa; Shimono, Atsushi; Sugai, Hajime; Karoji, Hiroshi; Kimura, Masahiko; Tamura, Naoyuki; Wang, Shiang-Yu; Murray, Graham; Le Mignant, David; Madec, Fabrice; Jaquet, Marc; Vives, Sebastien; Fisher, Charlie; Braun, David; Schwochert, Mark; Reiley, Daniel J.

2014-07-01

FOCCoS, "Fiber Optical Cable and Connector System" has the main function of capturing the direct light from the focal plane of Subaru Telescope using optical fibers, each one with a microlens in its tip, and conducting this light through a route containing connectors to a set of four spectrographs. The optical fiber cable is divided in 3 different segments called Cable A, Cable B and Cable C. Multi-fibers connectors assure precise connection among all optical fibers of the segments, providing flexibility for instrument changes. To assure strong and accurate connection, these sets are arranged inside two types of assemblies: the Tower Connector, for connection between Cable C and Cable B; and the Gang Connector, for connection between Cable B and Cable A. Throughput tests were made to evaluate the efficiency of the connections. A lifetime test connection is in progress. Cable C is installed inside the PFI, Prime Focus Instrument, where each fiber tip with a microlens is bonded to the end of the shaft of a 2-stage piezo-electric rotatory motor positioner; this assembly allows each fiber to be placed anywhere within its patrol region, which is 9.5mm diameter.. Each positioner uses a fiber arm to support the ferrule, the microlens, and the optical fiber. 2400 of these assemblies are arranged on a motor bench plate in a hexagonal-closed-packed disposition. All optical fibers from Cable C, protected by tubes, pass through the motors' bench plate, three modular plates and a strain relief box, terminating at the Tower Connector. Cable B is permanently installed at Subaru Telescope structure, as a link between Cable C and Cable A. This cable B starts at the Tower Connector device, placed on a lateral structure of the telescope, and terminates at the Gang Connector device. Cable B will be routed to minimize the compression, torsion and bending caused by the cable weight and telescope motion. In the spectrograph room, Cable A starts at the Gang Connector, crosses a distribution box and terminates in a slit device. Each slit device receives approximately 600 optical fibers, linearly arrayed in a curve for better orientation of the light to the spectrograph collimator mirror. Four sets of Gang Connectors, distribution boxes and Slit devices complete one Cable A. This paper will review the general design of the FOCCoS subsystem, methods used to manufacture the involved devices, and the needed tests results to evaluate the total efficiency of the set.

78 FR 26354 - Transcontinental Gas Pipeline Company, LLC; Notice of Intent to Prepare an Environmental Impact...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-06

... compressor stations located in York County, Pennsylvania and Mercer and Middlesex Counties, New Jersey to... Connector Project would be constructed on lands owned by Transco within existing compressor station sites... proposes to: Add an incremental 6,540 horsepower (hp) of compression at its existing Compressor Station 195...

Temporal compression in episodic memory for real-life events.

PubMed

Jeunehomme, Olivier; Folville, Adrien; Stawarczyk, David; Van der Linden, Martial; D'Argembeau, Arnaud

2018-07-01

Remembering an event typically takes less time than experiencing it, suggesting that episodic memory represents past experience in a temporally compressed way. Little is known, however, about how the continuous flow of real-life events is summarised in memory. Here we investigated the nature and determinants of temporal compression by directly comparing memory contents with the objective timing of events as measured by a wearable camera. We found that episodic memories consist of a succession of moments of prior experience that represent events with varying compression rates, such that the density of retrieved information is modulated by goal processing and perceptual changes. Furthermore, the results showed that temporal compression rates remain relatively stable over one week and increase after a one-month delay, particularly for goal-related events. These data shed new light on temporal compression in episodic memory and suggest that compression rates are adaptively modulated to maintain current goal-relevant information.

Chunk formation in immediate memory and how it relates to data compression.

PubMed

Chekaf, Mustapha; Cowan, Nelson; Mathy, Fabien

2016-10-01

This paper attempts to evaluate the capacity of immediate memory to cope with new situations in relation to the compressibility of information likely to allow the formation of chunks. We constructed a task in which untrained participants had to immediately recall sequences of stimuli with possible associations between them. Compressibility of information was used to measure the chunkability of each sequence on a single trial. Compressibility refers to the recoding of information in a more compact representation. Although compressibility has almost exclusively been used to study long-term memory, our theory suggests that a compression process relying on redundancies within the structure of the list materials can occur very rapidly in immediate memory. The results indicated a span of about three items when the list had no structure, but increased linearly as structure was added. The amount of information retained in immediate memory was maximal for the most compressible sequences, particularly when information was ordered in a way that facilitated the compression process. We discuss the role of immediate memory in the rapid formation of chunks made up of new associations that did not already exist in long-term memory, and we conclude that immediate memory is the starting place for the reorganization of information. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Pyrotechnic Tubing Connector

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Graves, Thomas J.; Yang, Robert A.

1988-01-01

Tool forms mechanical seal at joint without levers or hydraulic apparatus. Proposed tool intended for use in outer space used on Earth by heavily garbed workers to join tubing in difficult environments. Called Pyrotool, used with Lokring (or equivalent) fittings. Piston slides in cylinder when pushed by gas from detonating pyrotechnic charge. Impulse of piston compresses fittings, sealing around butting ends of tubes.

Compression in Working Memory and Its Relationship with Fluid Intelligence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chekaf, Mustapha; Gauvrit, Nicolas; Guida, Alessandro; Mathy, Fabien

2018-01-01

Working memory has been shown to be strongly related to fluid intelligence; however, our goal is to shed further light on the process of information compression in working memory as a determining factor of fluid intelligence. Our main hypothesis was that compression in working memory is an excellent indicator for studying the relationship between…

Adaptive efficient compression of genomes

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Modern high-throughput sequencing technologies are able to generate DNA sequences at an ever increasing rate. In parallel to the decreasing experimental time and cost necessary to produce DNA sequences, computational requirements for analysis and storage of the sequences are steeply increasing. Compression is a key technology to deal with this challenge. Recently, referential compression schemes, storing only the differences between a to-be-compressed input and a known reference sequence, gained a lot of interest in this field. However, memory requirements of the current algorithms are high and run times often are slow. In this paper, we propose an adaptive, parallel and highly efficient referential sequence compression method which allows fine-tuning of the trade-off between required memory and compression speed. When using 12 MB of memory, our method is for human genomes on-par with the best previous algorithms in terms of compression ratio (400:1) and compression speed. In contrast, it compresses a complete human genome in just 11 seconds when provided with 9 GB of main memory, which is almost three times faster than the best competitor while using less main memory. PMID:23146997

Enhanced tamper indicator

DOEpatents

Garcia, Anthony R.; Johnston, Roger G.

2003-07-08

The present invention provides an apparatus and method whereby the reliability and tamper-resistance of tamper indicators can be improved. A flexible connector may be routed through a latch for an enclosure such as a door or container, and the free ends of the flexible connector may be passed through a first locking member and firmly attached to an insert through the use of one or more attachment members such as set screws. A second locking member may then be assembled in interlocking relation with the first locking member to form an interlocked assembly around the insert. The insert may have one or more sharp projections extending toward the first or second locking member so that any compressive force applied in an attempt to disassemble the interlocked assembly results in permanent, visible damage to the first or second locking member.

[The pharmacology of memory (results and prospects)].

PubMed

Borodkin, Iu S; Zaĭtsev, Iu V

1984-07-01

Principal possibilities and limits of using the pharmacological approach for control of memory in studies of neurophysiological and neurochemical mechanisms of learning and memory in humans and animals are reviewed as well as its place in experimental and clinical therapy of memory disorders. Using an unspecific connector aethimizol as a pharmacological probe aided to assess changes accompanying the formation and consolidation of memory traces. The significance of fast and slow bioelectrical brain activity in the memory processing, the role of enzymes involved in transcription and template chromatine activity of the neurons under the effect of drugs on memory and learning, the correlation between time-depending learning and the pattern of RNA synthesis in brain cells, as well as possibilities and pathways of utilization of drugs in the correction of the long-term memory matrix formed by a stable pathological state of the brain, are discussed.

Memory as Perception of the Past: Compressed Time inMind and Brain.

PubMed

Howard, Marc W

2018-02-01

In the visual system retinal space is compressed such that acuity decreases further from the fovea. Different forms of memory may rely on a compressed representation of time, manifested as decreased accuracy for events that happened further in the past. Neurophysiologically, "time cells" show receptive fields in time. Analogous to the compression of visual space, time cells show less acuity for events further in the past. Behavioral evidence suggests memory can be accessed by scanning a compressed temporal representation, analogous to visual search. This suggests a common computational language for visual attention and memory retrieval. In this view, time functions like a scaffolding that organizes memories in much the same way that retinal space functions like a scaffolding for visual perception. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Dust-tolerant electrical connector

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sadick, Shazad (Inventor); Herman, Jason (Inventor); Roberts, Dustyn (Inventor)

2011-01-01

A connector assembly includes releasably mateable plug and receptacle units. At least one socket is enclosed within the receptacle unit and is aligned with at least one permeable membrane disposed in the front end of the receptacle unit. The plug unit includes a body slidably mounted within a longitudinal bore therein. At least one pin extends from the front end of the body and is aligned with at least one permeable membrane disposed in the front end of the plug unit. The plug unit is biased toward a first, de-mate position in which the body is extended rearwardly such that the pin is enclosed with the plug unit and is slidable to a second, mate position in which the body is compressed forwardly such that the pin projects through the permeable membranes of the plug and receptacle units to electrically connect with the socket.

Exploring the Relationship Between Working Memory, Compressor Speed, and Background Noise Characteristics.

PubMed

Ohlenforst, Barbara; Souza, Pamela E; MacDonald, Ewen N

2016-01-01

Previous work has shown that individuals with lower working memory demonstrate reduced intelligibility for speech processed with fast-acting compression amplification. This relationship has been noted in fluctuating noise, but the extent of noise modulation that must be present to elicit such an effect is unknown. This study expanded on previous study by exploring the effect of background noise modulations in relation to compression speed and working memory ability, using a range of signal to noise ratios. Twenty-six older participants between ages 61 and 90 years were grouped by high or low working memory according to their performance on a reading span test. Speech intelligibility was measured for low-context sentences presented in background noise, where the noise varied in the extent of amplitude modulation. Simulated fast- or slow-acting compression amplification combined with individual frequency-gain shaping was applied to compensate for the individual's hearing loss. Better speech intelligibility scores were observed for participants with high working memory when fast compression was applied than when slow compression was applied. The low working memory group behaved in the opposite way and performed better under slow compression compared with fast compression. There was also a significant effect of the extent of amplitude modulation in the background noise, such that the magnitude of the score difference (fast versus slow compression) depended on the number of talkers in the background noise. The presented signal to noise ratios were not a significant factor on the measured intelligibility performance. In agreement with earlier research, high working memory allowed better speech intelligibility when fast compression was applied in modulated background noise. In the present experiment, that effect was present regardless of the extent of background noise modulation.

Process for Nondestructive Evaluation of the Quality of a Crimped Wire Connector

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yost, William T. (Inventor); Cramer, Karl E. (Inventor); Perey, Daniel F. (Inventor); Williams, Keith A. (Inventor)

2014-01-01

A process and apparatus for collecting data for nondestructive evaluation of the quality of a crimped wire connector are provided. The process involves providing a crimping tool having an anvil and opposing jaw for crimping a terminal onto a stranded wire, moving the jaw relative to the anvil to close the distance between the jaw and the anvil and thereby compress the terminal against the wire, while transmitting ultrasonic waves that are propagated through the terminal-wire combination and received at a receiving ultrasonic transducer as the jaw is moved relative to the anvil, and detecting and recording the position of the jaw relative to the anvil as a function of time and detecting and recording the amplitude of the ultrasonic wave that is received at the receiving ultrasonic transducer as a function of time as the jaw is moved relative to the anvil.

Working memory, age, and hearing loss: susceptibility to hearing aid distortion.

PubMed

Arehart, Kathryn H; Souza, Pamela; Baca, Rosalinda; Kates, James M

2013-01-01

Hearing aids use complex processing intended to improve speech recognition. Although many listeners benefit from such processing, it can also introduce distortion that offsets or cancels intended benefits for some individuals. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of cognitive ability (working memory) on individual listeners' responses to distortion caused by frequency compression applied to noisy speech. The present study analyzed a large data set of intelligibility scores for frequency-compressed speech presented in quiet and at a range of signal-to-babble ratios. The intelligibility data set was based on scores from 26 adults with hearing loss with ages ranging from 62 to 92 years. The listeners were grouped based on working memory ability. The amount of signal modification (distortion) caused by frequency compression and noise was measured using a sound quality metric. Analysis of variance and hierarchical linear modeling were used to identify meaningful differences between subject groups as a function of signal distortion caused by frequency compression and noise. Working memory was a significant factor in listeners' intelligibility of sentences presented in babble noise and processed with frequency compression based on sinusoidal modeling. At maximum signal modification (caused by both frequency compression and babble noise), the factor of working memory (when controlling for age and hearing loss) accounted for 29.3% of the variance in intelligibility scores. Combining working memory, age, and hearing loss accounted for a total of 47.5% of the variability in intelligibility scores. Furthermore, as the total amount of signal distortion increased, listeners with higher working memory performed better on the intelligibility task than listeners with lower working memory did. Working memory is a significant factor in listeners' responses to total signal distortion caused by cumulative effects of babble noise and frequency compression implemented with sinusoidal modeling. These results, together with other studies focused on wide-dynamic range compression, suggest that older listeners with hearing loss and poor working memory are more susceptible to distortions caused by at least some types of hearing aid signal-processing algorithms and by noise, and that this increased susceptibility should be considered in the hearing aid fitting process.

Compact electro-optical module with polymer waveguides on a flexible substrate for high-density board-level communication

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weiss, J. R. M.; Lamprecht, T.; Meier, N.; Dangel, R.; Horst, F.; Jubin, D.; Beyeler, R.; Offrein, B. J.

2010-02-01

We report on the co-packaging of electrical CMOS transceiver and VCSEL chip arrays on a flexible electrical substrate with optical polymer waveguides. The electro-optical components are attached to the substrate edge and butt-coupled to the waveguides. Electrically conductive silver-ink connects them to the substrate at an angle of 90°. The final assembly contacts the surface of a package laminate with an integrated compressible connector. The module can be folded to save space, requires only a small footprint on the package laminate and provides short electrical high-speed signal paths. With our approach, the electro-optical package becomes a compact electro-optical module with integrated polymer waveguides terminated with either optical connectors (e.g., at the card edge) or with an identical assembly for a second processor on the board. Consequently, no costly subassemblies and connectors are needed, and a very high integration density and scalability to virtually arbitrary channel counts and towards very high data rates (20+ Gbps) become possible. Future cost targets of much less than US$1 per Gbps will be reached by employing standard PCB materials and technologies that are well established in the industry. Moreover, our technology platform has both electrical and optical connectivity and functionality.

High-quality lossy compression: current and future trends

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McLaughlin, Steven W.

1995-01-01

This paper is concerned with current and future trends in the lossy compression of real sources such as imagery, video, speech and music. We put all lossy compression schemes into common framework where each can be characterized in terms of three well-defined advantages: cell shape, region shape and memory advantages. We concentrate on image compression and discuss how new entropy constrained trellis-based compressors achieve cell- shape, region-shape and memory gain resulting in high fidelity and high compression.

Use of the shape memory effect of a titanium nickelide spring in a suturing device for the formation of compression esophageal anastomoses.

PubMed

Robak, A N

2008-11-01

A new method for the formation of a compression esophagointestinal anastomosis is proposed. The compression force in the new device for creation of compression circular anastomoses is created by means of a titanium nickelide spring with a "shape memory" effect. Experimental study showed good prospects of the new device and the advantages of the anastomosis compression suture formed by means of this device in comparison with manual ligature suturing.

Reducing the impact of intensive care unit mattress compressibility during CPR: a simulation-based study.

PubMed

Lin, Yiqun; Wan, Brandi; Belanger, Claudia; Hecker, Kent; Gilfoyle, Elaine; Davidson, Jennifer; Cheng, Adam

2017-01-01

The depth of chest compression (CC) during cardiac arrest is associated with patient survival and good neurological outcomes. Previous studies showed that mattress compression can alter the amount of CCs given with adequate depth. We aim to quantify the amount of mattress compressibility on two types of ICU mattresses and explore the effect of memory foam mattress use and a backboard on mattress compression depth and effect of feedback source on effective compression depth. The study utilizes a cross-sectional self-control study design. Participants working in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) performed 1 min of CC on a manikin in each of the following four conditions: (i) typical ICU mattress; (ii) typical ICU mattress with a CPR backboard; (iii) memory foam ICU mattress; and (iv) memory foam ICU mattress with a CPR backboard, using two different sources of real-time feedback: (a) external accelerometer sensor device measuring total compression depth and (b) internal light sensor measuring effective compression depth only. CPR quality was concurrently measured by these two devices. The differences of the two measures (mattress compression depth) were summarized and compared using multilevel linear regression models. Effective compression depths with different sources of feedback were compared with a multilevel linear regression model. The mean mattress compression depth varied from 24.6 to 47.7 mm, with percentage of depletion from 31.2 to 47.5%. Both use of memory foam mattress (mean difference, MD 11.7 mm, 95%CI 4.8-18.5 mm) and use of backboard (MD 11.6 mm, 95% CI 9.0-14.3 mm) significantly minimized the mattress compressibility. Use of internal light sensor as source of feedback improved effective CC depth by 7-14 mm, compared with external accelerometer sensor. Use of a memory foam mattress and CPR backboard minimizes mattress compressibility, but depletion of compression depth is still substantial. A feedback device measuring sternum-to-spine displacement can significantly improve effective compression depth on a mattress. Not applicable. This is a mannequin-based simulation research.

On-chip frame memory reduction using a high-compression-ratio codec in the overdrives of liquid-crystal displays

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Jun; Min, Kyeong-Yuk; Chong, Jong-Wha

2010-11-01

Overdrive is commonly used to reduce the liquid-crystal response time and motion blur in liquid-crystal displays (LCDs). However, overdrive requires a large frame memory in order to store the previous frame for reference. In this paper, a high-compression-ratio codec is presented to compress the image data stored in the on-chip frame memory so that only 1 Mbit of on-chip memory is required in the LCD overdrives of mobile devices. The proposed algorithm further compresses the color bitmaps and representative values (RVs) resulting from the block truncation coding (BTC). The color bitmaps are represented by a luminance bitmap, which is further reduced and reconstructed using median filter interpolation in the decoder, while the RVs are compressed using adaptive quantization coding (AQC). Interpolation and AQC can provide three-level compression, which leads to 16 combinations. Using a rate-distortion analysis, we select the three optimal schemes to compress the image data for video graphics array (VGA), wide-VGA LCD, and standard-definitionTV applications. Our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed schemes outperform interpolation BTC both in PSNR (by 1.479 to 2.205 dB) and in subjective visual quality.

A memory module for experimental data handling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

De Blois, J.

1985-02-01

A compact CAMAC memory module for experimental data handling was developed to eliminate the need of direct memory access in computer controlled measurements. When using autonomous controllers it also makes measurements more independent of the program and enlarges the available space for programs in the memory of the micro-computer. The memory module has three modes of operation: an increment-, a list- and a fifo mode. This is achieved by connecting the main parts, being: the memory (MEM), the fifo buffer (FIFO), the address buffer (BUF), two counters (AUX and ADDR) and a readout register (ROR), by an internal 24-bit databus. The time needed for databus operations is 1 μs, for measuring cycles as well as for CAMAC cycles. The FIFO provides temporary data storage during CAMAC cycles and separates the memory part from the application part. The memory is variable from 1 to 64K (24 bits) by using different types of memory chips. The application part, which forms 1/3 of the module, will be specially designed for each application and is added to the memory chian internal connector. The memory unit will be used in Mössbauer experiments and in thermal neutron scattering experiments.

Adaptive sampler

DOEpatents

Watson, Bobby L.; Aeby, Ian

1982-01-01

An adaptive data compression device for compressing data having variable frequency content, including a plurality of digital filters for analyzing the content of the data over a plurality of frequency regions, a memory, and a control logic circuit for generating a variable rate memory clock corresponding to the analyzed frequency content of the data in the frequency region and for clocking the data into the memory in response to the variable rate memory clock.

On the Suitability of Suffix Arrays for Lempel-Ziv Data Compression

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferreira, Artur J.; Oliveira, Arlindo L.; Figueiredo, Mário A. T.

Lossless compression algorithms of the Lempel-Ziv (LZ) family are widely used nowadays. Regarding time and memory requirements, LZ encoding is much more demanding than decoding. In order to speed up the encoding process, efficient data structures, like suffix trees, have been used. In this paper, we explore the use of suffix arrays to hold the dictionary of the LZ encoder, and propose an algorithm to search over it. We show that the resulting encoder attains roughly the same compression ratios as those based on suffix trees. However, the amount of memory required by the suffix array is fixed, and much lower than the variable amount of memory used by encoders based on suffix trees (which depends on the text to encode). We conclude that suffix arrays, when compared to suffix trees in terms of the trade-off among time, memory, and compression ratio, may be preferable in scenarios (e.g., embedded systems) where memory is at a premium and high speed is not critical.

Design and prototyping of self-centering optical single-mode fiber alignment structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ebraert, Evert; Gao, Fei; Beri, Stefano; Watté, Jan; Thienpont, Hugo; Van Erps, Jürgen

2016-06-01

The European Commission’s goal of providing each European household with at least a 30 Mb s-1 Internet connection by 2020 would be facilitated by a widespread deployment of fibre-to-the-home, which would in turn be sped up by the development of connector essential components, such as high-precision alignment features. Currently, the performance of state-of-the-art physical contact optical fiber connectors is limited by the tolerance on the cladding of standard telecom-grade single-mode fiber (SMF), which is typically smaller than  ±1 μm. We propose to overcome this limit by developing micro-spring-based self-centering alignment structures (SCAS) for SMF-connectors. We design these alignment structures with robustness and low-cost replication in mind, allowing for large-scale deployment. Both theoretical and finite element analysis (FEA) models are used to determine the optimal dimensions of the beams of which the micro-springs of the SCAS are comprised. Two topologies of the SCAS, consisting of three and four micro-springs respectively, are investigated for two materials: polysulfone (PSU) and polyetherimide (PEI). These materials hold great potential for high-performance fiber connectors while being compatible with low-cost production and with the harsh environmental operation conditions of those connectors. The theory and FEA agree well (<3% difference) for a simple micro-spring. When including a pedestal on the micro-spring (to bring it further away from the fiber) and for shorter spring lengths the agreement worsens. This is due to spring compression effects not being taken into account in our theoretical model. Prototypes are successfully fabricated using deep proton writing and subsequently characterized. The controlled insertion of an SMF in the SCAS is investigated and we determine that a force of 0.11 N is required. The fiber insertion also causes an out-of-plane deformation of the micro-springs in the SCAS of about 7 μm, which is no problem for robustness according to the FEA model. Finally connector-assemblies are made with the alignment system and we show that an insertion loss down to 0.1 dB is achievable. The prototypes are subsequently used as a sacrificial master for mould fabrication through electroplating with the goal of low-cost replication through hot embossing.

Effects of Surface Roughness and Aging on the Electrical Contact Resistance and Residual Stress in Gold-Nickel-Copper Connector Materials

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-01

with nickel coatings can result in compressive stresses, and the deposition of gold with small amounts of cobalt increase the coating hardness/wear...magnetic metal. In the literature, there are a few different approaches to allow for the sputter deposition of magnetic materials including: doping ...the target (i.e., nickel doped with vanadium, typically on the order of 7- 9% [19]) to the point that it is no longer magnetic, heating the target

PCI-based WILDFIRE reconfigurable computing engines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fross, Bradley K.; Donaldson, Robert L.; Palmer, Douglas J.

1996-10-01

WILDFORCE is the first PCI-based custom reconfigurable computer that is based on the Splash 2 technology transferred from the National Security Agency and the Institute for Defense Analyses, Supercomputing Research Center (SRC). The WILDFORCE architecture has many of the features of the WILDFIRE computer, such as field- programmable gate array (FPGA) based processing elements, linear array and crossbar interconnection, and high- performance memory and I/O subsystems. New features introduced in the PCI-based WILDFIRE systems include memory/processor options that can be added to any processing element. These options include static and dynamic memory, digital signal processors (DSPs), FPGAs, and microprocessors. In addition to memory/processor options, many different application specific connectors can be used to extend the I/O capabilities of the system, including systolic I/O, camera input and video display output. This paper also discusses how this new PCI-based reconfigurable computing engine is used for rapid-prototyping, real-time video processing and other DSP applications.

Fast Response, Open-Celled Porous, Shape Memory Effect Actuators with Integrated Attachments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jardine, Andrew Peter (Inventor)

2015-01-01

This invention relates to the exploitation of porous foam articles exhibiting the Shape Memory Effect as actuators. Each foam article is composed of a plurality of geometric shapes, such that some geometric shapes can fit snugly into or around rigid mating connectors that attach the Shape Memory foam article intimately into the load path between a static structure and a moveable structure. The foam is open-celled, composed of a plurality of interconnected struts whose mean diameter can vary from approximately 50 to 500 microns. Gases and fluids flowing through the foam transfer heat rapidly with the struts, providing rapid Shape Memory Effect transformations. Embodiments of porous foam articles as torsional actuators and approximately planar structures are disposed. Simple, integral connection systems exploiting the ability to supply large loads to a structure, and that can also supply hot and cold gases and fluids to effect rapid actuation are also disposed.

Remotely operated pipe connector

DOEpatents

Josefiak, Leonard J.; Cramer, Charles E.

1988-01-01

An apparatus for remotely assembling and disassembling a Graylock type coctor between a pipe and a closure for the pipe includes a base and a receptacle on the base for the closure. The pipe is moved into position vertically above the closure by a suitable positioning device such that the flange on the pipe is immediately adjacent and concentric with the flange on the closure. A moving device then moves two semicircular collars from a position free of the closure to a position such that the interior cam groove of each collar contacts the two flanges. Finally, a tensioning device automatically allows remote tightening and loosening of a nut and bolt assembly on each side of the collar to cause a seal ring located between the flanges to be compressed and to seal the closure. Release of the pipe and the connector is accomplished in the reverse order. Preferably, the nut and bolt assembly includes an elongate shaft portion on which a removable sleeve is located.

Adaptive sampler

DOEpatents

Watson, B.L.; Aeby, I.

1980-08-26

An adaptive data compression device for compressing data is described. The device has a frequency content, including a plurality of digital filters for analyzing the content of the data over a plurality of frequency regions, a memory, and a control logic circuit for generating a variable rate memory clock corresponding to the analyzed frequency content of the data in the frequency region and for clocking the data into the memory in response to the variable rate memory clock.

Driver-receiver combined optical transceiver modules for bidirectional optical interconnection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Park, Hyo-Hoon; Kang, Sae-Kyoung; Kim, Do-Won; Nga, Nguyen T. H.; Hwang, Sung-Hwan; Lee, Tae-Woo

2008-02-01

We review a bidirectional optical link scheme for memory-interface applications. A driver-receiver combined optical transceiver (TRx) modules was demonstrated on an optical printed-circuit board (OPCB) platform. To select the bidirectional electric input/output signals, a driver-receiver combined TRx IC with a switching function was designed in 0.18-μm CMOS technology. The TRx IC was integrated with VCSEL/PD chips for optical link in the TRx module. The optical TRx module was assembled on a fiber-embedded OPCB, employing a 90°-bent fiber connector for 90° deflection of light beams between the TRx module and the OPCB. The TRx module and the 90° connector were passively assembled on the OPCB, using ferrule-type guide pins/ holes. Employing these constituent components, the bidirectional optical link between a pair of TRx modules has been successfully demonstrated up to 1.25 Gb/s on the OPCB.

Socket with built-in valves for the interconnection of microfluidic chips to macro constituents.

PubMed

Yang, Zhen; Maeda, Ryutaro

2003-09-26

This paper reports a prototype for a standard connector between a microfluidic chip and the macro world. This prototype demonstrate a fully functioning socket for a microchip to access the outside world by means of fluids, data signals and energy supply. It supports up to 10 channels for the input and output of liquids or gases, as well as compressed air or vacuum lines for pneumatic power lines. The socket has built-in valves for each flow channel. It also contains 28 pins for the connection of electrical signals and power. Built-in valves make it possible to control the flow in each channel independently. A chip ( 11.0 x 11.0 x 0.9 mm) can be mounted into or dismounted from the socket with one touch. The fluidic connectors of the socket are designed to contact vertically on the top of chip. And the electrical connectors (the spring array) of that physically support the chip and contact lead pads at the bottom of chip. No adhesives or solders are used at any contact points. The pressure limit for the connection of working fluids was 0.2 MPa and the current limit for the electrical connections was 1 A. This socket supports both serial and parallel processing applications. It exhibits great potential for developing microfluidic systems efficiently.

Memory Efficient Sequence Analysis Using Compressed Data Structures (Metagenomics Informatics Challenges Workshop: 10K Genomes at a Time)

ScienceCinema

Simpson, Jared

2018-01-24

Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute's Jared Simpson on Memory efficient sequence analysis using compressed data structures at the Metagenomics Informatics Challenges Workshop held at the DOE JGI on October 12-13, 2011.

PCACE- PERSONAL COMPUTER AIDED CABLING ENGINEERING

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Billitti, J. W.

1994-01-01

A computerized interactive harness engineering program has been developed to provide an inexpensive, interactive system which is designed for learning and using an engineering approach to interconnection systems. PCACE is basically a database system that stores information as files of individual connectors and handles wiring information in circuit groups stored as records. This directly emulates the typical manual engineering methods of data handling, thus making the user interface to the program very natural. Data files can be created, viewed, manipulated, or printed in real time. The printed ouput is in a form ready for use by fabrication and engineering personnel. PCACE also contains a wide variety of error-checking routines including connector contact checks during hardcopy generation. The user may edit existing harness data files or create new files. In creating a new file, the user is given the opportunity to insert all the connector and harness boiler plate data which would be part of a normal connector wiring diagram. This data includes the following: 1) connector reference designator, 2) connector part number, 3) backshell part number, 4) cable reference designator, 5) cable part number, 6) drawing revision, 7) relevant notes, 8) standard wire gauge, and 9) maximum circuit count. Any item except the maximum circuit count may be left blank, and any item may be changed at a later time. Once a file is created and organized, the user is directed to the main menu and has access to the file boiler plate, the circuit wiring records, and the wiring records index list. The organization of a file is such that record zero contains the connector/cable boiler plate, and all other records contain circuit wiring data. Each wiring record will handle a circuit with as many as nine wires in the interface. The record stores the circuit name and wire count and the following data for each wire: 1) wire identifier, 2) contact, 3) splice, 4) wire gauge if different from standard, 5) wire/group type, 6) wire destination, and 7) note number. The PCACE record structure allows for a wide variety of wiring forms using splices and shields, yet retains sufficient structure to maintain ease of use. PCACE is written in TURBO Pascal 3.0 and has been implemented on IBM PC, XT, and AT systems under DOS 3.1 with a memory of 512K of 8 bit bytes, two floppy disk drives, an RGB monitor, and a printer with ASCII control characters. PCACE was originally developed in 1983, and the IBM version was released in 1986.

NASA Tech Briefs, February 2010

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2010-01-01

Topics covered include: Insulation-Testing Cryostat With Lifting Mechanism; Optical Testing of Retroreflectors for Cryogenic Applications; Measuring Cyclic Error in Laser Heterodyne Interferometers; Self-Referencing Hartmann Test for Large-Aperture Telescopes; Measuring a Fiber-Optic Delay Line Using a Mode-Locked Laser; Reconfigurable Hardware for Compressing Hyperspectral Image Data; Spatio-Temporal Equalizer for a Receiving-Antenna Feed Array; High-Speed Ring Bus; Nanoionics-Based Switches for Radio-Frequency Applications; Lunar Dust-Tolerant Electrical Connector; Compact, Reliable EEPROM Controller; Quad-Chip Double-Balanced Frequency Tripler; Ka-Band Waveguide Two-Way Hybrid Combiner for MMIC Amplifiers; Radiation-Hardened Solid-State Drive; Use of Nanofibers to Strengthen Hydrogels of Silica, Other Oxides, and Aerogels; Two Concepts for Deployable Trusses; Concentric Nested Toroidal Inflatable Structures; Investigating Dynamics of Eccentricity in Turbomachines; Improved Low-Temperature Performance of Li-Ion Cells Using New Electrolytes; Integrity Monitoring of Mercury Discharge Lamps; White-Light Phase-Conjugate Mirrors as Distortion Correctors; Biasable, Balanced, Fundamental Submillimeter Monolithic Membrane Mixer; ICER-3D Hyperspectral Image Compression Software; and Context Modeler for Wavelet Compression of Spectral Hyperspectral Images.

Potential High-Temperature Shape-Memory Alloys Identified in the Ti(Ni,Pt) System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Noebe, Ronald D.; Biles, Tiffany A.; Garg, Anita; Nathal, Michael V.

2004-01-01

"Shape memory" is a unique property of certain alloys that, when deformed (within certain strain limits) at low temperatures, will remember and recover to their original predeformed shape upon heating. It occurs when an alloy is deformed in the low-temperature martensitic phase and is then heated above its transformation temperature back to an austenitic state. As the material passes through this solid-state phase transformation on heating, it also recovers its original shape. This behavior is widely exploited, near room temperature, in commercially available NiTi alloys for connectors, couplings, valves, actuators, stents, and other medical and dental devices. In addition, there are limitless applications in the aerospace, automotive, chemical processing, and many other industries for materials that exhibit this type of shape-memory behavior at higher temperatures. But for high temperatures, there are currently no commercial shape-memory alloys. Although there are significant challenges to the development of high-temperature shape-memory alloys, at the NASA Glenn Research Center we have identified a series of alloy compositions in the Ti-Ni-Pt system that show great promise as potential high-temperature shape-memory materials.

3D Printed Silicones with Shape Memory

DOE PAGES

Wu, Amanda S.; Small IV, Ward; Bryson, Taylor M.; ...

2017-07-05

Direct ink writing enables the layer-by-layer manufacture of ordered, porous structures whose mechanical behavior is driven by architecture and material properties. Here, we incorporate two different gas filled microsphere pore formers to evaluate the effect of shell stiffness and T g on compressive behavior and compression set in siloxane matrix printed structures. The lower T g microsphere structures exhibit substantial compression set when heated near and above T g, with full structural recovery upon reheating without constraint. By contrast, the higher T g microsphere structures exhibit reduced compression set with no recovery upon reheating. Aside from their role in tuningmore » the mechanical behavior of direct ink write structures, polymer microspheres are good candidates for shape memory elastomers requiring structural complexity, with potential applications toward tandem shape memory polymers.« less

3D Printed Silicones with Shape Memory

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wu, Amanda S.; Small IV, Ward; Bryson, Taylor M.

Direct ink writing enables the layer-by-layer manufacture of ordered, porous structures whose mechanical behavior is driven by architecture and material properties. Here, we incorporate two different gas filled microsphere pore formers to evaluate the effect of shell stiffness and T g on compressive behavior and compression set in siloxane matrix printed structures. The lower T g microsphere structures exhibit substantial compression set when heated near and above T g, with full structural recovery upon reheating without constraint. By contrast, the higher T g microsphere structures exhibit reduced compression set with no recovery upon reheating. Aside from their role in tuningmore » the mechanical behavior of direct ink write structures, polymer microspheres are good candidates for shape memory elastomers requiring structural complexity, with potential applications toward tandem shape memory polymers.« less

Programmable data communications controller requirements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1977-01-01

The design requirements for a Programmable Data Communications Controller (PDCC) that reduces the difficulties in attaching data terminal equipment to a computer are presented. The PDCC is an interface between the computer I/O channel and the bit serial communication lines. Each communication line is supported by a communication port that handles all line control functions and performs most terminal control functions. The port is fabricated on a printed circuit board that plugs into a card chassis, mating with a connector that is joined to all other card stations by a data bus. Ports are individually programmable; each includes a microprocessor, a programmable read-only memory for instruction storage, and a random access memory for data storage.

High power connection system

DOEpatents

Schaefer, Christopher E.; Beer, Robert C.; McCall, Mark D.

2000-01-01

A high power connection system adapted for automotive environments which provides environmental and EMI shielding includes a female connector, a male connector, and a panel mount. The female connector includes a female connector base and a snap fitted female connector cover. The male connector includes a male connector base and a snap fitted male connector cover. The female connector base has at least one female power terminal cavity for seatably receiving a respective female power terminal. The male connector base has at least one male power terminal cavity for seatably receiving a respective male power terminal. The female connector is covered by a cover seal and a conductive shroud. A pair of lock arms protrude outward from the front end of the male connector base, pass through the panel mount and interface with a lever of a lever rotatably connected to the shroud to thereby mechanically assist mating of the male and female connectors. Safety terminals in the male and female connectors provide a last-to-connect-first-to-break connection with an HVIL circuit.

Coaxial connector for use with printed circuit board edge connector

DOEpatents

Howard, Donald R.; MacGill, Robert A.

1989-01-01

A coaxial cable connector for interfacing with an edge connector for a printed circuit board whereby a coaxial cable can be interconnected with a printed circuit board through the edge connector. The coaxial connector includes a body having two leg portions extending from one side for receiving the edge connector therebetween, and a tubular portion extending from an opposing side for receiving a coaxial cable. A cavity within the body receives a lug of the edge connector and the center conductor of the coaxial cable. Adjacent lugs of the edge connector can be bend around the edge connector housing to function as spring-loaded contacts for receiving the coaxial connector. The lugs also function to facilitate shielding of the center conductor where fastened to the edge connector lug.

Working Memory and Hearing Aid Processing: Literature Findings, Future Directions, and Clinical Applications

PubMed Central

Souza, Pamela; Arehart, Kathryn; Neher, Tobias

2015-01-01

Working memory—the ability to process and store information—has been identified as an important aspect of speech perception in difficult listening environments. Working memory can be envisioned as a limited-capacity system which is engaged when an input signal cannot be readily matched to a stored representation or template. This “mismatch” is expected to occur more frequently when the signal is degraded. Because working memory capacity varies among individuals, those with smaller capacity are expected to demonstrate poorer speech understanding when speech is degraded, such as in background noise. However, it is less clear whether (and how) working memory should influence practical decisions, such as hearing treatment. Here, we consider the relationship between working memory capacity and response to specific hearing aid processing strategies. Three types of signal processing are considered, each of which will alter the acoustic signal: fast-acting wide-dynamic range compression, which smooths the amplitude envelope of the input signal; digital noise reduction, which may inadvertently remove speech signal components as it suppresses noise; and frequency compression, which alters the relationship between spectral peaks. For fast-acting wide-dynamic range compression, a growing body of data suggests that individuals with smaller working memory capacity may be more susceptible to such signal alterations, and may receive greater amplification benefit with “low alteration” processing. While the evidence for a relationship between wide-dynamic range compression and working memory appears robust, the effects of working memory on perceptual response to other forms of hearing aid signal processing are less clear cut. We conclude our review with a discussion of the opportunities (and challenges) in translating information on individual working memory into clinical treatment, including clinically feasible measures of working memory. PMID:26733899

New Algorithms and Lower Bounds for Sequential-Access Data Compression

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gagie, Travis

2009-02-01

This thesis concerns sequential-access data compression, i.e., by algorithms that read the input one or more times from beginning to end. In one chapter we consider adaptive prefix coding, for which we must read the input character by character, outputting each character's self-delimiting codeword before reading the next one. We show how to encode and decode each character in constant worst-case time while producing an encoding whose length is worst-case optimal. In another chapter we consider one-pass compression with memory bounded in terms of the alphabet size and context length, and prove a nearly tight tradeoff between the amount of memory we can use and the quality of the compression we can achieve. In a third chapter we consider compression in the read/write streams model, which allows us passes and memory both polylogarithmic in the size of the input. We first show how to achieve universal compression using only one pass over one stream. We then show that one stream is not sufficient for achieving good grammar-based compression. Finally, we show that two streams are necessary and sufficient for achieving entropy-only bounds.

The time to remember: Temporal compression and duration judgements in memory for real-life events.

PubMed

Jeunehomme, Olivier; D'Argembeau, Arnaud

2018-05-01

Recent studies suggest that the continuous flow of information that constitutes daily life events is temporally compressed in episodic memory, yet the characteristics and determinants of this compression mechanism remain unclear. This study examined this question using an experimental paradigm incorporating wearable camera technology. Participants experienced a series of real-life events and were later asked to mentally replay various event sequences that were cued by pictures taken during the original events. Estimates of temporal compression (the ratio of the time needed to mentally re-experience an event to the actual event duration) showed that events were replayed, on average, about eight times faster than the original experiences. This compression mechanism seemed to operate by representing events as a succession of moments or slices of prior experience separated by temporal discontinuities. Importantly, however, rates of temporal compression were not constant and were lower for events involving goal-directed actions. The results also showed that the perceived duration of events increased with the density of recalled moments of prior experience. Taken together, these data extend our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the temporal compression and perceived duration of real-life events in episodic memory.

Local wavelet transform: a cost-efficient custom processor for space image compression

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Masschelein, Bart; Bormans, Jan G.; Lafruit, Gauthier

2002-11-01

Thanks to its intrinsic scalability features, the wavelet transform has become increasingly popular as decorrelator in image compression applications. Throuhgput, memory requirements and complexity are important parameters when developing hardware image compression modules. An implementation of the classical, global wavelet transform requires large memory sizes and implies a large latency between the availability of the input image and the production of minimal data entities for entropy coding. Image tiling methods, as proposed by JPEG2000, reduce the memory sizes and the latency, but inevitably introduce image artefacts. The Local Wavelet Transform (LWT), presented in this paper, is a low-complexity wavelet transform architecture using a block-based processing that results in the same transformed images as those obtained by the global wavelet transform. The architecture minimizes the processing latency with a limited amount of memory. Moreover, as the LWT is an instruction-based custom processor, it can be programmed for specific tasks, such as push-broom processing of infinite-length satelite images. The features of the LWT makes it appropriate for use in space image compression, where high throughput, low memory sizes, low complexity, low power and push-broom processing are important requirements.

Storage and retrieval of large digital images

DOEpatents

Bradley, J.N.

1998-01-20

Image compression and viewing are implemented with (1) a method for performing DWT-based compression on a large digital image with a computer system possessing a two-level system of memory and (2) a method for selectively viewing areas of the image from its compressed representation at multiple resolutions and, if desired, in a client-server environment. The compression of a large digital image I(x,y) is accomplished by first defining a plurality of discrete tile image data subsets T{sub ij}(x,y) that, upon superposition, form the complete set of image data I(x,y). A seamless wavelet-based compression process is effected on I(x,y) that is comprised of successively inputting the tiles T{sub ij}(x,y) in a selected sequence to a DWT routine, and storing the resulting DWT coefficients in a first primary memory. These coefficients are periodically compressed and transferred to a secondary memory to maintain sufficient memory in the primary memory for data processing. The sequence of DWT operations on the tiles T{sub ij}(x,y) effectively calculates a seamless DWT of I(x,y). Data retrieval consists of specifying a resolution and a region of I(x,y) for display. The subset of stored DWT coefficients corresponding to each requested scene is determined and then decompressed for input to an inverse DWT, the output of which forms the image display. The repeated process whereby image views are specified may take the form an interaction with a computer pointing device on an image display from a previous retrieval. 6 figs.

Storage and retrieval of large digital images

DOEpatents

Bradley, Jonathan N.

1998-01-01

Image compression and viewing are implemented with (1) a method for performing DWT-based compression on a large digital image with a computer system possessing a two-level system of memory and (2) a method for selectively viewing areas of the image from its compressed representation at multiple resolutions and, if desired, in a client-server environment. The compression of a large digital image I(x,y) is accomplished by first defining a plurality of discrete tile image data subsets T.sub.ij (x,y) that, upon superposition, form the complete set of image data I(x,y). A seamless wavelet-based compression process is effected on I(x,y) that is comprised of successively inputting the tiles T.sub.ij (x,y) in a selected sequence to a DWT routine, and storing the resulting DWT coefficients in a first primary memory. These coefficients are periodically compressed and transferred to a secondary memory to maintain sufficient memory in the primary memory for data processing. The sequence of DWT operations on the tiles T.sub.ij (x,y) effectively calculates a seamless DWT of I(x,y). Data retrieval consists of specifying a resolution and a region of I(x,y) for display. The subset of stored DWT coefficients corresponding to each requested scene is determined and then decompressed for input to an inverse DWT, the output of which forms the image display. The repeated process whereby image views are specified may take the form an interaction with a computer pointing device on an image display from a previous retrieval.

[Application of compression equipment using the "form memory" effect and super-elasticity of titanium nickelide in surgery for rectal cancer].

PubMed

Vlasov, A A; Vazhenin, A V; Plotnikov, V V; Spirev, V V; Chinarev, Iu B

2010-01-01

The study is concerned with development of equipment for forming circular compression intestinal anastomosis using the "form memory" effect and super-elasticity of titanium nickelide. A sequence of technological operations is suggested, experimental tests and clinical trials carried out and immediate and end-results for anterior resection in rectal cancer are evaluated. Compression equipment for forming colorectal anastomosis proved reliable in long-term operation.

Usability testing and requirements derivation for EMU-compatible electrical connectors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reaux, Ray A.; Griffin, Thomas J.; Lewis, Ruthan

1989-01-01

On-orbit servicing of payloads is simplified when a spacecraft has been designed for serviceability. A key design criterion for a serviceable spaceraft is standardization of electrical connectors. This paper investigates the effects of extravehicular mobility unit (EMU) glove size, connector size, and connector type on usability of electrical connectors. An experiment was conducted exploring participants' ability to mate and demate connectors in an evacuated glovebox. Independent variables were two EMU glove-sizes, five connector size groups, and seven connector types. Significant differences in performance times and heart rate changes during mate and demate operations were found. Subjective assessments of connectors were collected from participants with a usability questionnaire. The data were used to derive design recommendations for a NASA-recommended EMU-compatible electrical connector.

Misalignment Accommodating Connector Assembly

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stemper, Jack S. (Inventor)

1998-01-01

Misalignment accommodating connector assembly for removably connecting first and second objects which may comprise: a first connector subassembly having an arm member extending therefrom transversely through which is provided a tubular member; a second connector subassembly having a pair of spaced apart arm members each of which is provided with a transversely disposed coaxially aligned semi-cylindrical recess for receiving opposite ends of the first connector tubular member upon lateral insertion of the first connector arm member into the space between the second connector pair of arm members. An axially extendable and contractible fastener subassembly carried by the first connector tubular member is extendable to allow insertion or removal of the first connector arm member into or from the space between the second connector pair of arm members and contractible when the opposite ends of the tubular member are substantially received by the semi-cylindrical recesses of the pair of spaced apart arm members to lock the first and second connector subassemblies together.

EBLAST: an efficient high-compression image transformation 3. application to Internet image and video transmission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schmalz, Mark S.; Ritter, Gerhard X.; Caimi, Frank M.

2001-12-01

A wide variety of digital image compression transforms developed for still imaging and broadcast video transmission are unsuitable for Internet video applications due to insufficient compression ratio, poor reconstruction fidelity, or excessive computational requirements. Examples include hierarchical transforms that require all, or large portion of, a source image to reside in memory at one time, transforms that induce significant locking effect at operationally salient compression ratios, and algorithms that require large amounts of floating-point computation. The latter constraint holds especially for video compression by small mobile imaging devices for transmission to, and compression on, platforms such as palmtop computers or personal digital assistants (PDAs). As Internet video requirements for frame rate and resolution increase to produce more detailed, less discontinuous motion sequences, a new class of compression transforms will be needed, especially for small memory models and displays such as those found on PDAs. In this, the third series of papers, we discuss the EBLAST compression transform and its application to Internet communication. Leading transforms for compression of Internet video and still imagery are reviewed and analyzed, including GIF, JPEG, AWIC (wavelet-based), wavelet packets, and SPIHT, whose performance is compared with EBLAST. Performance analysis criteria include time and space complexity and quality of the decompressed image. The latter is determined by rate-distortion data obtained from a database of realistic test images. Discussion also includes issues such as robustness of the compressed format to channel noise. EBLAST has been shown to perform superiorly to JPEG and, unlike current wavelet compression transforms, supports fast implementation on embedded processors with small memory models.

The use of ZFP lossy floating point data compression in tornado-resolving thunderstorm simulations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Orf, L.

2017-12-01

In the field of atmospheric science, numerical models are used to produce forecasts of weather and climate and serve as virtual laboratories for scientists studying atmospheric phenomena. In both operational and research arenas, atmospheric simulations exploiting modern supercomputing hardware can produce a tremendous amount of data. During model execution, the transfer of floating point data from memory to the file system is often a significant bottleneck where I/O can dominate wallclock time. One way to reduce the I/O footprint is to compress the floating point data, which reduces amount of data saved to the file system. In this presentation we introduce LOFS, a file system developed specifically for use in three-dimensional numerical weather models that are run on massively parallel supercomputers. LOFS utilizes the core (in-memory buffered) HDF5 driver and includes compression options including ZFP, a lossy floating point data compression algorithm. ZFP offers several mechanisms for specifying the amount of lossy compression to be applied to floating point data, including the ability to specify the maximum absolute error allowed in each compressed 3D array. We explore different maximum error tolerances in a tornado-resolving supercell thunderstorm simulation for model variables including cloud and precipitation, temperature, wind velocity and vorticity magnitude. We find that average compression ratios exceeding 20:1 in scientifically interesting regions of the simulation domain produce visually identical results to uncompressed data in visualizations and plots. Since LOFS splits the model domain across many files, compression ratios for a given error tolerance can be compared across different locations within the model domain. We find that regions of high spatial variability (which tend to be where scientifically interesting things are occurring) show the lowest compression ratios, whereas regions of the domain with little spatial variability compress extremely well. We observe that the overhead for compressing data with ZFP is low, and that compressing data in memory reduces the amount of memory overhead needed to store the virtual files before they are flushed to disk.

A comparison of select image-compression algorithms for an electronic still camera

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nerheim, Rosalee

1989-01-01

This effort is a study of image-compression algorithms for an electronic still camera. An electronic still camera can record and transmit high-quality images without the use of film, because images are stored digitally in computer memory. However, high-resolution images contain an enormous amount of information, and will strain the camera's data-storage system. Image compression will allow more images to be stored in the camera's memory. For the electronic still camera, a compression algorithm that produces a reconstructed image of high fidelity is most important. Efficiency of the algorithm is the second priority. High fidelity and efficiency are more important than a high compression ratio. Several algorithms were chosen for this study and judged on fidelity, efficiency and compression ratio. The transform method appears to be the best choice. At present, the method is compressing images to a ratio of 5.3:1 and producing high-fidelity reconstructed images.

Spacecraft Electrical Connector Selection and Application Processes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Iannello, Chris; Davis, Mitchell I; Kichak, Robert A.; Slenski, George

2009-01-01

This assessment was initiated by the NASA Engineering & Safety Center (NESC) after a number of recent "high profile" connector problems, the most visible and publicized of these being the problem with the Space Shuttle's Engine Cut-Off System cryogenic feed-thru connector. The NESC commissioned a review of NASA's connector selection and application processes for space flight applications, including how lessons learned and past problem records are fed back into the processes to avoid recurring issues. Team members were primarily from the various NASA Centers and included connector and electrical parts specialists. The commissioned study was conducted on spacecraft connector selection and application processes at NASA Centers. The team also compared the NASA spacecraft connector selection and application process to the military process, identified recent high profile connector failures, and analyzed problem report data looking for trends and common occurrences. The team characterized NASA's connector problem experience into a list of top connector issues based on anecdotal evidence of a system's impact and commonality between Centers. These top issues are as follows, in no particular rank order: electrically shorted, bent and/or recessed contact pins, contact pin/socket contamination leading to electrically open or intermittencies, connector plating corrosion or corrosion of connector components, low or inadequate contact pin retention forces, contact crimp failures, unmated connectors and mis-wiring due to workmanship errors during installation or maintenance, loose connectors due to manufacturing defects such as wavy washer and worn bayonet retention, damaged connector elastomeric seals and cryogenic connector failure. A survey was also conducted of SAE Connector AE-8C1 committee members regarding their experience relative to the NASA concerns on connectors. The most common responses in order of occurrence were contact retention, plating issues, worn-out or damaged coupling mechanisms, bent pins, contact crimp barrel cracking and torn seals. In addition to these common themes, responses included issues with markings, dimensional errors on the build, contact/socket damage (handling), manufacturing defects and customer misapplication and mishandling. The NESC team concluded that considering the large quantity and wide variety of connectors successfully flown on human and robotic space applications, the number of failures is quite low. However, "high profile" failures with significant cost, schedule, safety, and/or mission success impacts continue to occur. It was also concluded that connector failures occur throughout a system's life-cycle with the majority of connector issues application related. A number of recommendations were identified for improving NASA connector selection processes and overall space connector reliability and performance.

U.S. Army Research Office Workshop on Smart Materials, Structures and Mathematical Issues Held in Blacksburg, Virginia on 15-16 September 1988

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-01-01

prestrained Nitinol (an alloy of nickel and titanium) wires are embedded in an off-axis position in the graphite fiber reinforced epoxy composite beam... Nitinol ) alloy. Shape memory alloys have been applied to a number of items including connectors and heat engines, but have usually found application in... nitinol wire; the design includes prevention from ancillary jams. Miwa (1985) discusses the use of SMA actuator to sequential robotic control of multiple

Multi-fibers connectors systems for FOCCoS-PFS-Subaru

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de Oliveira, Antonio Cesar; de Oliveira, Ligia Souza; Souza Marrara, Lucas; dos Santos, Leandro Henrique; Vital de Arruda, Marcio; dos Santos, Jesulino Bispo; Ferreira, Décio; Rosa, Josimar Aparecido; de Paiva Vilaça, Rodrigo; Sodré, Laerte; de Oliveira, Claudia Mendes; Gunn, James E.

2014-07-01

The Fiber Optical Cable and Connector System (FOCCoS), provides optical connection between 2400 positioners and a set of spectrographs through optical fibers cables as part of PFS instrument for Subaru telescope. The optical fiber cable will be segmented in 3 parts along the route, cable A, cable B and cable C, connected by a set of multi-fiber connectors. The company USCONEC produces the multi-fiber connector under study. The USCONEC 32F model can connect 32 optical fibers in a 4 x 8 matrix arrangement. The ferrules are made of a durable composite, Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS) based thermoplastic. The connections are held in place by a push-on/pull-off latch, and the connector can also be distinguished by a pair of metal guide pins that protrude from the front of the connector. Two fibers per connector will be used for monitoring the connection procedure. It was found to be easy to polish and it is small enough to be mounted in groups. Highly multiplexed instruments like PFS require a fiber connector system that can deliver excellent optical performance and reliability. PFS requires two different types of structures to organize the connectors. The Tower Connector system, with 80 multi-fiber connectors, will be a group of connectors for connecting cable B (Telescope Structure) with cable C (Positioners Plate). The Gang Connector system is a group of 8 gang connectors, each one with 12 multi-fibers connectors, for connecting cable B (Telescope Structure) with cable A (Spectrograph). The bench tests with these connector systems and the chosen fibers should measure the throughput of light and the stability after many connections and disconnections. In this paper we describe tests and procedures to evaluate the throughput and FRD increment. The lifetime of the ferrules is also in evaluation.

Intelligibility and Clarity of Reverberant Speech: Effects of Wide Dynamic Range Compression Release Time and Working Memory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reinhart, Paul N.; Souza, Pamela E.

2016-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of varying wide dynamic range compression (WDRC) release time on intelligibility and clarity of reverberant speech. The study also considered the role of individual working memory. Method: Thirty older listeners with mild to moderately-severe sloping sensorineural hearing loss…

Photovoltaic module kit including connector assembly for non-penetrating array installation

DOEpatents

Botkin, Jonathan; Graves, Simon; Danning, Matt; Culligan, Matthew

2013-12-31

A PV module kit for non-penetrating rooftop installation, including a plurality of PV modules and a plurality of connectors. Each of the PV modules includes a PV laminate and a frame forming a mounting region assembled thereto. The connectors include a male connector having a male fastener extending from a head, and a female connector having a female fastener assempbled within a head. The heads are entirely formed of plastic. The kit provides a mounted array state including a junction at which the mounting regions of at least two of the PV modules are aligned and interconnected by engagement of the male connector with the female connector. The so-formed junction is substantially electrically insulated. The plurality of connectors can further include a spacer connector including a head forming a bore sized slidably receive the male fastener, with all of the connector heads being identical.

Photovoltaic module kit including connector assembly for non-penetrating array installation

DOEpatents

Botkin, Jonathan [El Cerrito, CA; Graves, Simon [Berkeley, CA; Danning, Matt [Oakland, CA; Culligan, Matthew [Berkeley, CA

2011-11-22

A PV module kit for non-penetrating rooftop installation, including a plurality of PV modules and a plurality of connectors. Each of the PV modules includes a PV laminate and a frame forming a mounting region assembled thereto. The connectors include a male connector having a male fastener extending from a head, and a female connector having a female fastener assembled within a head. The heads are entirely formed of plastic. The kit provides a mounted array state including a junction at which the mounting region of at least two of the PV modules are aligned and interconnected by engagement of the male connector with the female connector. The so-formed junction is substantially electrically insulated. The plurality of connectors can further include a spacer connector including a head forming a bore sized to slidably receive the male fastener, with all of the connector heads being identical.

Photovoltaic module kit including connector assembly for non-penetrating array installation

DOEpatents

Botkin, Jonathan; Graves, Simon; Danning, Matt; Culligan, Matthew

2012-10-23

A PV module kit for non-penetrating rooftop installation, including a plurality of PV modules and a plurality of connectors. Each of the PV modules includes a PV laminate and a frame forming a mounting region assembled thereto. The connectors include a male connector having a male fastener extending from a head, and a female connector having a female fastener assembled within a head. The heads are entirely formed of plastic. The kit provides a mounted array state including a junction at which the mounting region of at least two of the PV modules are aligned and interconnected by engagement of the male connector with the female connector. The so-formed junction is substantially electrically insulated. The plurality of connectors can further include a spacer connector including a head forming a bore sized to slidably receive the male fastener, with all of the connector heads being identical.

Edge compression manifold apparatus

DOEpatents

Renzi, Ronald F.

2004-12-21

A manifold for connecting external capillaries to the inlet and/or outlet ports of a microfluidic device for high pressure applications is provided. The fluid connector for coupling at least one fluid conduit to a corresponding port of a substrate that includes: (i) a manifold comprising one or more channels extending therethrough wherein each channel is at least partially threaded, (ii) one or more threaded ferrules each defining a bore extending therethrough with each ferrule supporting a fluid conduit wherein each ferrule is threaded into a channel of the manifold, (iii) a substrate having one or more ports on its upper surface wherein the substrate is positioned below the manifold so that the one or more ports is aligned with the one or more channels of the manifold, and (iv) device to apply an axial compressive force to the substrate to couple the one or more ports of the substrate to a corresponding proximal end of a fluid conduit.

Edge compression manifold apparatus

DOEpatents

Renzi, Ronald F [Tracy, CA

2007-02-27

A manifold for connecting external capillaries to the inlet and/or outlet ports of a microfluidic device for high pressure applications is provided. The fluid connector for coupling at least one fluid conduit to a corresponding port of a substrate that includes: (i) a manifold comprising one or more channels extending therethrough wherein each channel is at least partially threaded, (ii) one or more threaded ferrules each defining a bore extending therethrough with each ferrule supporting a fluid conduit wherein each ferrule is threaded into a channel of the manifold, (iii) a substrate having one or more ports on its upper surface wherein the substrate is positioned below the manifold so that the one or more ports is aligned with the one or more channels of the manifold, and (iv) device to apply an axial compressive force to the substrate to couple the one or more ports of the substrate to a corresponding proximal end of a fluid conduit.

Overview of LIDS Docking and Berthing System Seals

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Daniels, Christopher C.; Dunlap, Patrick H., Jr.; deGroh, Henry C., III; Steinetz, Bruce M.; Oswald, Jay J.; Smith, Ian

2007-01-01

This viewgraph presentation describes the Low Impact Docking System (LIDS) docking and berthing system seals. The contents include: 1) Description of the Application: Low Impact Docking System (LIDS); 2) LIDS Seal Locations: Vehicle Undocked (Hatch Closed); 3) LIDS Seal Locations: Mechanical Pass Thru; 4) LIDS Seal Locations: Electrical and Pyro Connectors; 5) LIDS Seal Locations: Vehicle Docked (Hatches Open); 6) LIDS Seal Locations: Main Interface Seal; 7) Main Interface Seal Challenges and Specifications; 8) Approach; 9) Seal Concepts Under Development/Evaluation; 10) Elastomer Material Evaluations; 11) Evaluation of Relevant Seal Properties; 12) Medium-Scale (12") Gask-O-Seal Compression Tests; 13) Medium-Scale Compression Results; 14) Adhesion Forces of Elliptical Top Gask-o-seals; 15) Medium-Scale Seals; 16) Medium-Scale Leakage Results: Effect of Configuration; 17) Full Scale LIDS Seal Test Rig Development; 18) Materials International Space Station Experiment (MISSE 6A and 6B); and 19) Schedule.

Electrical interconnect

DOEpatents

Frost, John S.; Brandt, Randolph J.; Hebert, Peter; Al Taher, Omar

2015-10-06

An interconnect includes a first set of connector pads, a second set of connector pads, and a continuous central portion. A first plurality of legs extends at a first angle from the continuous central portion. Each leg of the first plurality of legs is connected to a connector pad of a first set of connector pads. A second plurality of legs extends at a second angle from the continuous central portion. Each leg of the second plurality of legs is connected to a connector pad of the second set of connector pads. Gaps are defined between legs. The gaps enable movement of the first set of connector pads relative to the second set of connector pads.

Analysis of the Shear Behavior of Stubby Y-Type Perfobond Rib Shear Connectors for a Composite Frame Structure.

PubMed

Kim, Sang-Hyo; Kim, Kun-Soo; Lee, Do-Hoon; Park, Jun-Seung; Han, Oneil

2017-11-22

Shear connectors are used in steel beam-concrete slabs of composite frame and bridge structures to transfer shear force according to design loads. The existing Y-type perfobond rib shear connectors are designed for girder slabs of composite bridges. Therefore, the rib and transverse rebars of the conventional Y-type perfobond rib shear connectors are extremely large for the composite frames of building structures. Thus, this paper proposes stubby Y-type perfobond rib shear connectors, redefining the existing connectors, for composite frames of building structures; these were used to perform push-out tests. These shear connectors have relatively small ribs compared to the conventional Y-type perfobond rib shear connectors. To confirm the shear resistance of these stubby shear connectors, we performed an experiment by using transverse rebars D13 and D16. The results indicate that these shear connectors have suitable shear strength and ductility for application in composite frame structures. The shear strengths obtained using D13 and D16 were not significantly different. However, the ductility of the shear connectors with D16 was 45.1% higher than that of the shear connectors with D13.

Spline screw payload fastening system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vranish, John M. (Inventor)

1993-01-01

A system for coupling an orbital replacement unit (ORU) to a space station structure via the actions of a robot and/or astronaut is described. This system provides mechanical and electrical connections both between the ORU and the space station structure and between the ORU and the ORU and the robot/astronaut hand tool. Alignment and timing features ensure safe, sure handling and precision coupling. This includes a first female type spline connector selectively located on the space station structure, a male type spline connector positioned on the orbital replacement unit so as to mate with and connect to the first female type spline connector, and a second female type spline connector located on the orbital replacement unit. A compliant drive rod interconnects the second female type spline connector and the male type spline connector. A robotic special end effector is used for mating with and driving the second female type spline connector. Also included are alignment tabs exteriorally located on the orbital replacement unit for berthing with the space station structure. The first and second female type spline connectors each include a threaded bolt member having a captured nut member located thereon which can translate up and down the bolt but are constrained from rotation thereabout, the nut member having a mounting surface with at least one first type electrical connector located on the mounting surface for translating with the nut member. At least one complementary second type electrical connector on the orbital replacement unit mates with at least one first type electrical connector on the mounting surface of the nut member. When the driver on the robotic end effector mates with the second female type spline connector and rotates, the male type spline connector and the first female type spline connector lock together, the driver and the second female type spline connector lock together, and the nut members translate up the threaded bolt members carrying the first type electrical connector up to the complementary second type connector for interconnection therewith.

Compression in visual working memory: using statistical regularities to form more efficient memory representations.

PubMed

Brady, Timothy F; Konkle, Talia; Alvarez, George A

2009-11-01

The information that individuals can hold in working memory is quite limited, but researchers have typically studied this capacity using simple objects or letter strings with no associations between them. However, in the real world there are strong associations and regularities in the input. In an information theoretic sense, regularities introduce redundancies that make the input more compressible. The current study shows that observers can take advantage of these redundancies, enabling them to remember more items in working memory. In 2 experiments, covariance was introduced between colors in a display so that over trials some color pairs were more likely to appear than other color pairs. Observers remembered more items from these displays than from displays where the colors were paired randomly. The improved memory performance cannot be explained by simply guessing the high-probability color pair, suggesting that observers formed more efficient representations to remember more items. Further, as observers learned the regularities, their working memory performance improved in a way that is quantitatively predicted by a Bayesian learning model and optimal encoding scheme. These results suggest that the underlying capacity of the individuals' working memory is unchanged, but the information they have to remember can be encoded in a more compressed fashion. Copyright 2009 APA

Cued Memory Retrieval Exhibits Reinstatement of High Gamma Power on a Faster Timescale in the Left Temporal Lobe and Prefrontal Cortex

PubMed Central

Shaikhouni, Ammar

2017-01-01

Converging evidence suggests that reinstatement of neural activity underlies our ability to successfully retrieve memories. However, the temporal dynamics of reinstatement in the human cortex remain poorly understood. One possibility is that neural activity during memory retrieval, like replay of spiking neurons in the hippocampus, occurs at a faster timescale than during encoding. We tested this hypothesis in 34 participants who performed a verbal episodic memory task while we recorded high gamma (62–100 Hz) activity from subdural electrodes implanted for seizure monitoring. We show that reinstatement of distributed patterns of high gamma activity occurs faster than during encoding. Using a time-warping algorithm, we quantify the timescale of the reinstatement and identify brain regions that show significant timescale differences between encoding and retrieval. Our data suggest that temporally compressed reinstatement of cortical activity is a feature of cued memory retrieval. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We show that cued memory retrieval reinstates neural activity on a faster timescale than was present during encoding. Our data therefore provide a link between reinstatement of neural activity in the cortex and spontaneous replay of cortical and hippocampal spiking activity, which also exhibits temporal compression, and suggest that temporal compression may be a universal feature of memory retrieval. PMID:28336569

Compression of CCD raw images for digital still cameras

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sriram, Parthasarathy; Sudharsanan, Subramania

2005-03-01

Lossless compression of raw CCD images captured using color filter arrays has several benefits. The benefits include improved storage capacity, reduced memory bandwidth, and lower power consumption for digital still camera processors. The paper discusses the benefits in detail and proposes the use of a computationally efficient block adaptive scheme for lossless compression. Experimental results are provided that indicate that the scheme performs well for CCD raw images attaining compression factors of more than two. The block adaptive method also compares favorably with JPEG-LS. A discussion is provided indicating how the proposed lossless coding scheme can be incorporated into digital still camera processors enabling lower memory bandwidth and storage requirements.

Homogeneous and single-side-operational connector mechanism for self-reconfigurable, self-assembly and self-healing systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shen, Wei-Min (Inventor); Kovac, Robert M. (Inventor)

2012-01-01

Designs of single-end-operative reconfigurable genderless connectors that include a base, a plurality of movable jaws that are formed on the base and can engage to the jaws of another connector, and an actuator that is mounted on the base and can engage and move the jaws of the reconfigurable connector to connect the reconfigurable connector with another connector.

The biomechanical effect of transverse connectors use in a pre- and postlaminectomy model of the posterior cervical spine: an in vitro cadaveric study.

PubMed

Majid, Kamran; Gudipally, Manasa; Hussain, Mir; Moldavsky, Mark; Khalil, Saif

2011-12-15

An in vitro biomechanical study investigating the effect of transverse connectors on posterior cervical stabilization system in a laminectomy model. To evaluate the optimal design, number, and location of the transverse connectors in stabilizing long segment posterior instrumentation in the cervical spine. In the cervical spine, lateral mass screw (LMS) fixation is used for providing stability after decompression. Transverse connectors have been used to augment segmental posterior instrumentation. However, in the cervical region the optimal design, number, and the location of transverse connectors is not known. Seven fresh human cervicothoracic cadaveric spines (C2-T1) were tested by applying ±1.5 Nm moments in flexion (F), extension (E), lateral bending (LB), and axial rotation (AR). After testing the intact condition, LMS/rods were placed and then were tested with two different transverse connectors (top-loading connector [TL] and the head-to-head [HH] connector) in multiple levels, pre- and postlaminectomy (PL). LMS significantly reduced segmental motion by 77.2% in F, 75.6% in E, 86.6% in LB, and 86.1% in AR prelaminectomy and by 75.4% in F, 76% in E, 80.6% in LB, and 76.4% in AR postlaminectomy compared to intact (P < 0.05). Only in AR, PL constructs with HH connectors at C3 & C7, TL connectors at C4-C5 & C5-C6, and at C3-C4 & C6-C7 significantly reduced the range of motion by 12.9%, 11.9%, and 11.9%, respectively, compared to PL LMS (P < 0.05). No statistical significance was observed between TL connector and HH connector in all loading directions. The biomechanical advantage of transverse connectors is significant in AR, when using two connectors at the proximal and distal ends, compared to one connector. In a clinical setting, this data may guide surgeons on transverse connector configurations to consider during posterior cervical instrumentation.

"Stayin' alive": a novel mental metronome to maintain compression rates in simulated cardiac arrests.

PubMed

Hafner, John W; Sturgell, Jeremy L; Matlock, David L; Bockewitz, Elizabeth G; Barker, Lisa T

2012-11-01

A novel and yet untested memory aid has anecdotally been proposed for aiding practitioners in complying with American Heart Association (AHA) cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) compression rate guidelines (at least 100 compressions per minute). This study investigates how subjects using this memory aid adhered to current CPR guidelines in the short and long term. A prospective observational study was conducted with medical providers certified in 2005 AHA guideline CPR. Subjects were randomly paired and alternated administering CPR compressions on a mannequin during a standardized cardiac arrest scenario. While performing compressions, subjects listened to a digital recording of the Bee Gees song "Stayin' Alive," and were asked to time compressions to the musical beat. After at least 5 weeks, the participants were retested without directly listening to the recorded music. Attitudinal views were gathered using a post-session questionnaire. Fifteen subjects (mean age 29.3 years, 66.7% resident physicians and 80% male) were enrolled. The mean compression rate during the primary assessment (with music) was 109.1, and during the secondary assessment (without music) the rate was 113.2. Mean CPR compression rates did not vary by training level, CPR experience, or time to secondary assessment. Subjects felt that utilizing the music improved their ability to provide CPR and they felt more confident in performing CPR. Medical providers trained to use a novel musical memory aid effectively maintained AHA guideline CPR compression rates initially and in long-term follow-up. Subjects felt that the aid improved their technical abilities and confidence in providing CPR. Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Dust and Debris Tolerant Dual Poppet Valve Connector

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Townsend, III, Ivan I. (Inventor); Mueller, Robert P. (Inventor); Bastin, Gary L. (Inventor); Carlson, Jeffrey W. (Inventor); Murtland, Kevin A. (Inventor)

2017-01-01

A debris exclusion and removal apparatus for connectors which have a dual-poppet value configuration containing a pressurized substance. Coupling of the female and male connectors causes the poppet valve to eject a cleaning substance which will eliminate debris from the male connector prior to mating with the female connector.

Dust and Debris Tolerant Retractable Cover Connector

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lewis, Mark E. (Inventor); Dokos, Adam G. (Inventor); Townsend, III, Ivan I. (Inventor); Carlson, Jeffrey W. (Inventor); Bastin, Gary L. (Inventor); Murtland, Kevin A. (Inventor)

2017-01-01

A debris exclusion and removal apparatus for connectors which have retractable cover configurations which include internal wafers that clean the connectors prior to mating. XXXX connectors. More particularly, embodiments relate to dust tolerant connectors. Some embodiments also relate to an intelligent connector system capable of detecting damage to or faults within a conductor and then rerouting the energy to a non-damaged spare conductor. Discussion Connectors of the present invention may be used to transfer electrical current, fluid, and gas in a wide variety of environments containing dust and other debris, wherein that debris may present substantial challenges. For example, lunar/Martian dust intrusion and/or accumulation in connectors used to transfer oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, etc., may lead to larger system failures as well as loss of life in extraterrestrial human exploration endeavors. Additionally, embodiments of the present invention may also be suitable for use where connectors must resist water intrusion, such as terrestrial deep water operations.

Interrogation of electrical connector faults using miniaturized UWB sources

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tokgöz, Çaǧata; Dardona, Sameh

2017-01-01

A diagnostic method for the detection, identification, and characterization of precursors of faults due to partial insertion of pin-socket contacts within electrical connectors commonly used in avionics systems is presented. It is demonstrated that a miniaturized ultrawideband (UWB) source and a minispectrum analyzer can be employed to measure resonant frequency shifts in connector S parameters as a small and low-cost alternative to a large and expensive network analyzer. The transfer function of an electrical connector is represented as a ratio of the spectra measured using the spectrum analyzer with and without the connector. Alternatively, the transfer function is derived in terms of the connector S parameters and the reflection coefficients at both ports of the connector. The transfer function data obtained using this derivation agreed well with its representation as a measured spectral ratio. The derivation enabled the extraction of the connector S parameters from the measured transfer function data as a function of the insertion depth of a pin-socket contact within the connector. In comparison with the S parameters measured directly using a network analyzer at multiple insertion depths, the S parameters extracted from the measured transfer function showed consistent and reliable representation of the electrical connector fault. The results demonstrate the potential of integrating a low-cost miniaturized UWB device into a connector harness for real-time detection of precursors to partially inserted connector faults.

Reduction of Endotracheal Tube Connector Dead Space Improves Ventilation: A Bench Test on a Model Lung Simulating an Extremely Low Birth Weight Neonate.

PubMed

Ivanov, Vadim A

2016-02-01

The reduction of instrumental dead space is a recognized approach to preventing ventilation-induced lung injury in premature infants. However, there are no published data regarding the effectiveness of instrumental dead-space reduction in endotracheal tube (ETT) connectors. We tested the impact of the Y-piece/ETT connector pairs with reduced instrumental dead space on CO2 elimination in a model of the premature neonate lung. The standard ETT connector was compared with a low-dead-space ETT connector and with a standard connector equipped with an insert. We compared the setups by measuring the CO2 elimination rate in an artificial lung ventilated via the connectors. The lung was connected to a ventilator via a standard circuit, a 2.5-mm ETT, and one of the connectors under investigation. The ventilator was run in volume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation mode. The low-dead-space ETT connector/Y-piece and insert-equipped standard connector/Y-piece pairs had instrumental dead space reduced by 36 and 67%, respectively. With set tidal volumes (VT) of 2.5, 5, and 10 mL, in comparison with the standard ETT connector, the low-dead-space connector reduced CO2 elimination time by 4.5% (P < .05), 4.4% (P < .01), and 7.1% (not significant), respectively. The insert-equipped standard connector reduced CO2 elimination time by 13.5, 25.1, and 16.1% (all P < .01). The low-dead-space connector increased inspiratory resistance by 17.8% (P < .01), 9.6% (P < .05), and 5.0% (not significant); the insert-equipped standard connector increased inspiratory resistance by 9.1, 8.4, and 5.9% (all not significant). The low-dead-space connector decreased expiratory resistance by 6.8% (P < .01) and 1.8% (not significant) and increased it by 1.4% (not significant); the insert-equipped standard connector decreased expiratory resistance by 1.5 and 1% and increased it by 1% (all not significant). The low-dead-space connector increased work of breathing by 4.7% (P < .01), 3.8% (P < .01), and 2.5% (not significant); the insert-equipped standard connector increased it by 0.8% (not significant), 2.5% (P < .01), and 2.8% (P < .01). Both methods of instrumental dead-space reduction led to improvements in artificial lung ventilation. Negative effects on resistance and work of breathing appeared minimal. Further testing in vivo should be performed to confirm the lung model results and, if successful, translated into clinical practice. Copyright © 2016 by Daedalus Enterprises.

Reliable optical card-edge (ROC) connector for avionics applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Darden, Bruce V.; Pimpinella, Richard J.; Seals, John D.

1994-10-01

The Reliable Optical Card-Edge (ROC) Connector is a blind-mate backplane unit designed to meet military stress requirements for avionics applications. Its modular design represents the first significant advance in connector optics since the biconic butt-coupled connector was introduced twenty years ago. This multimode connector utilizes beam optics, micro-machined silicon, and a floating, low mass subassembly design to maintain low coupling loss under high levels of shock and vibration. The ROC connector also incorporates retracting doors to protect the unmated termini from environmental contamination and abusive handling. Design features and test results for the ROC connector are presented in this paper.

Inline Electrical Connector Mate/Demate Pliers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yutko, Brian; Dininny, Michael; Moscoso, Gerand; Dokos, Adam

2010-01-01

Military and aerospace industries use Mil-Spec type electrical connections on bulkhead panels that require inline access for mate and demate operations. These connectors are usually in tight proximity to other connectors, or recessed within panels. The pliers described here have been designed to work in such tight spaces, and consist of a mirrored set of parallel handles, two cross links, two return springs, and replaceable polyurethane-coated end effectors. The polyurethane eliminates metal-to-metal contact and provides a high-friction surface between the jaw and the connector. Operationally, the user would slide the pliers over the connector shell until the molded polyurethane lip makes contact with the connector shell edge. Then, by squeezing the handles, the end effector jaws grip the connector shell, allowing the connector to be easily disconnected by rotating the pliers. Mating the connector occurs by reversing the prescribed procedure, except the connector shell is placed into the jaws by hand. The molded lip within the jaw allows the user to apply additional force for difficult-to-mate connectors. Handle design has been carefully examined to maximize comfort, limit weight, incorporate tether locations, and improve ergonomics. They have been designed with an off-axis offset for wiring harness clearance, while placing the connector axis of rotation close to the user s axis of wrist rotation. This was done to eliminate fatigue during multiple connector panel servicing. To limit handle opening width, with user ergonomics in mind, the pliers were designed using a parallel jaw mechanism. A cross-link mechanism was used to complete this task, while ensuring smooth operation.

Validation Assessment of a Glass-to-Metal Seal Finite-Element Model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jamison, Ryan Dale; Buchheit, Thomas E.; Emery, John M

Sealing glasses are ubiquitous in high pressure and temperature engineering applications, such as hermetic feed-through electrical connectors. A common connector technology are glass-to-metal seals where a metal shell compresses a sealing glass to create a hermetic seal. Though finite-element analysis has been used to understand and design glass-to-metal seals for many years, there has been little validation of these models. An indentation technique was employed to measure the residual stress on the surface of a simple glass-to-metal seal. Recently developed rate- dependent material models of both Schott 8061 and 304L VAR stainless steel have been applied to a finite-element modelmore » of the simple glass-to-metal seal. Model predictions of residual stress based on the evolution of material models are shown. These model predictions are compared to measured data. Validity of the finite- element predictions is discussed. It will be shown that the finite-element model of the glass-to-metal seal accurately predicts the mean residual stress in the glass near the glass-to-metal interface and is valid for this quantity of interest.« less

Behavior of Tilted Angle Shear Connectors

PubMed Central

Khorramian, Koosha; Maleki, Shervin; Shariati, Mahdi; Ramli Sulong, N. H.

2015-01-01

According to recent researches, angle shear connectors are appropriate to transfer longitudinal shear forces across the steel-concrete interface. Angle steel profile has been used in different positions as L-shaped or C-shaped shear connectors. The application of angle shear connectors in tilted positions is of interest in this study. This study investigates the behaviour of tilted-shaped angle shear connectors under monotonic loading using experimental push out tests. Eight push-out specimens are tested to investigate the effects of different angle parameters on the ultimate load capacity of connectors. Two different tilted angles of 112.5 and 135 degrees between the angle leg and steel beam are considered. In addition, angle sizes and lengths are varied. Two different failure modes were observed consisting of concrete crushing-splitting and connector fracture. By increasing the size of connector, the maximum load increased for most cases. In general, the 135 degrees tilted angle shear connectors have a higher strength and stiffness than the 112.5 degrees type. PMID:26642193

Behavior of Tilted Angle Shear Connectors.

PubMed

Khorramian, Koosha; Maleki, Shervin; Shariati, Mahdi; Ramli Sulong, N H

2015-01-01

According to recent researches, angle shear connectors are appropriate to transfer longitudinal shear forces across the steel-concrete interface. Angle steel profile has been used in different positions as L-shaped or C-shaped shear connectors. The application of angle shear connectors in tilted positions is of interest in this study. This study investigates the behaviour of tilted-shaped angle shear connectors under monotonic loading using experimental push out tests. Eight push-out specimens are tested to investigate the effects of different angle parameters on the ultimate load capacity of connectors. Two different tilted angles of 112.5 and 135 degrees between the angle leg and steel beam are considered. In addition, angle sizes and lengths are varied. Two different failure modes were observed consisting of concrete crushing-splitting and connector fracture. By increasing the size of connector, the maximum load increased for most cases. In general, the 135 degrees tilted angle shear connectors have a higher strength and stiffness than the 112.5 degrees type.

Cued Memory Retrieval Exhibits Reinstatement of High Gamma Power on a Faster Timescale in the Left Temporal Lobe and Prefrontal Cortex.

PubMed

Yaffe, Robert B; Shaikhouni, Ammar; Arai, Jennifer; Inati, Sara K; Zaghloul, Kareem A

2017-04-26

Converging evidence suggests that reinstatement of neural activity underlies our ability to successfully retrieve memories. However, the temporal dynamics of reinstatement in the human cortex remain poorly understood. One possibility is that neural activity during memory retrieval, like replay of spiking neurons in the hippocampus, occurs at a faster timescale than during encoding. We tested this hypothesis in 34 participants who performed a verbal episodic memory task while we recorded high gamma (62-100 Hz) activity from subdural electrodes implanted for seizure monitoring. We show that reinstatement of distributed patterns of high gamma activity occurs faster than during encoding. Using a time-warping algorithm, we quantify the timescale of the reinstatement and identify brain regions that show significant timescale differences between encoding and retrieval. Our data suggest that temporally compressed reinstatement of cortical activity is a feature of cued memory retrieval. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We show that cued memory retrieval reinstates neural activity on a faster timescale than was present during encoding. Our data therefore provide a link between reinstatement of neural activity in the cortex and spontaneous replay of cortical and hippocampal spiking activity, which also exhibits temporal compression, and suggest that temporal compression may be a universal feature of memory retrieval. Copyright © 2017 the authors 0270-6474/17/374472-09$15.00/0.

MPO-type single-mode multi-fiber connector: Low-loss and high-return-loss intermateability of APC-MPO connectors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Satake, Toshiaki; Nagasawa, Shinji; Hughes, Mike; Lutz, Sharon

2011-01-01

The electrical communication laboratory of NTT started the research of MT (Mechanically Transferable) connector in early 1980s. The initial goal was to realize a multi-fiber connector which can repeat low loss, stable, reliable and low-cost connections of subscriber optical fiber cable networks for more than 20 years period in the field. We review the multi-fiber alignment design with two guide pins, and following several technical improvements toward the final MT connector used in the commercial telecommunication networks. And then, we review development histories to reach to the low-loss, high-return-loss and reliable APC-MPO (Angled Physical Contact Multi-fiber Push On) connectors introduced in NTT COs and in Verizon's FTTH (Fiber To The Home) networks. In the latter half, we propose the low-loss intermateability design for connectors made by different suppliers in order to enable mass introductions into large scale systems. In addition we also describe an accurate connector loss presumption method for different lots' ferrules based on the MT ferrule dimension data before assembling the connectors. We believe with a wide intermateability of APC-MPO connector will increase its use in the fields. The APC-MPO connector manufactured based on the proposed design had low insertion losses of less than 0.25 dB at the same level of simplex connectors and the higher level of return losses higher than 65 dB.

Catheter Occlusion in Home Infusion: The Influence of Needleless Connector Design on Central Catheter Occlusion.

PubMed

Williams, Ann

Thrombotic catheter occlusion is a common complication associated with central venous catheters (CVCs). A wide variety of needleless connectors that differ greatly in design and function are available for use with CVCs; however, there are a limited number of studies comparing the catheter occlusion rate associated with differently designed needleless connectors. This retrospective observational study compared occlusion rates associated with a split-septum neutral-displacement needleless connector versus those of a solid-surface neutral-reflux needleless connector in patients undergoing home infusion therapy. The neutral-reflux needleless connector was associated with a significant reduction in occlusion rate and thrombolytic use versus the neutral-displacement needleless connector.

Death before disco: the effectiveness of a musical metronome in layperson cardiopulmonary resuscitation training.

PubMed

Hafner, John W; Jou, Andrew C; Wang, Huaping; Bleess, Brandon B; Tham, Stephanie K

2015-01-01

A novel musical memory aid has been proposed for aiding laypersons in complying with the American Heart Association (AHA) cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guidelines of 100 compressions per minute (cpm). This study tested usefulness of such a memory aid to improve layperson long-term compliance with CPR compression rate guidelines. A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted using CPR-untrained laypersons. Subjects received either a standard CPR educational experience (AHA Heartsaver® CPR class) or an experimental CPR educational experience (AHA Heartsaver® CPR class augmented with a musical metronome). Experimental group subjects were taught to perform compressions to the cadence of a pop music song (The Bee Gees "Stayin' Alive"; Saturday Night Fever, The Original Movie Soundtrack; Polygram International Music, 1977) with a tempo of 100 beats/min. Compression rates, depth of compressions, and correct compressions were measured initially and upon retesting ≥6 weeks post-training. Control subjects had a higher mean compression rate both immediately (121 [standard deviation {SD} = 21] vs. 109 [SD = 15] cpm; 95% confidence interval [CI] of mean difference 4-19; p = 0.002) and at follow-up (120 [SD = 20] vs. 111 [SD = 13] cpm; 95% CI of mean difference 2-16; p = 0.014). Compression rates stratified to 100-120 cpm demonstrated no difference between groups initially (39% vs. 48%; p = 0.382), but more experimental subjects maintained these rates at follow-up (43% vs. 74%; p = 0.003). Subjects trained to use a musical metronome more often maintained a compression rate of 100-120 cpm at ≥6-week follow-up, suggesting the memory aid may improve long-term guideline adherence. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Data port security lock

DOEpatents

Quinby, Joseph D [Albuquerque, NM; Hall, Clarence S [Albuquerque, NM

2008-06-24

In a security apparatus for securing an electrical connector, a plug may be fitted for insertion into a connector receptacle compliant with a connector standard. The plug has at least one aperture adapted to engage at least one latch in the connector receptacle. An engagement member is adapted to partially extend through at least one aperture and lock to at least one structure within the connector receptacle.

SLIIC: System-Level Intelligent Intensive Computing

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-12-01

E M em or y S D R A M :2 56 M B to t Imagine B Host Interface N W S... E M em or y S D R A M :2 56 M B to t Firewire B Connector Firewire A Connector DVI In Connector DVI Out ConnectorHSTL Connector HSTL Connector D eb...6N 7N0 N 2N 3N 1 N+1 2N+ 1 3N+1 (b) Upper strip (c) Output stream from upper strip (d) Lower strip ( e ) Output stream from lower strip (f)

[Utility of nickel-titanium shape memory alloys of vertebral body reduction fixator with assisted distraction bar].

PubMed

Man, Yi; Zheng, Yue-huan; Cao, Peng; Chen, Bo; Zheng, Tao; Sun, Chang-hui; Lu, Jiong

2011-06-07

To test the nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) shape memory alloys of vertebral body reduction fixator with assisted distraction bar for the treatment of traumatic and osteoporotic vertebral body fracture. A Ni-Ti shape memory alloys of vertebral body reduction fixator with assisted distraction bar was implanted into the compressed fracture specimens through vertebral pedicle with the radiographic monitoring to reduce the collapsed endplate as well as distract the compressed vertebral fracture. Radiographic film and computed tomographic reconstruction technique were employed to evaluate the effects of reduction and distraction. A biomechanic test machine was used to measure the fatigue and the stability of deformation of fixation segments. Relying on the effect of temperature shape memory, such an assembly could basically reduce the collapsed endplate as well as distract the compressed vertebral fracture. And when unsatisfied results of reduction and distraction occurred, its super flexibility could provide additional distraction strength. A Ni-Ti shape memory alloys of vertebral body reduction fixator with assisted distraction bar may provide effective endplate reduction, restore the vertebral height and the immediate biomechanic spinal stability. So the above assembly is indicated for the treatment of traumatic and osteoporotic vertebral body fracture.

Cholinergic modulation of the CAN current may adjust neural dynamics for active memory maintenance, spatial navigation and time-compressed replay

PubMed Central

Yoshida, Motoharu; Knauer, Beate; Jochems, Arthur

2012-01-01

Suppression of cholinergic receptors and inactivation of the septum impair short-term memory, and disrupt place cell and grid cell activity in the medial temporal lobe (MTL). Location-dependent hippocampal place cell firing during active waking, when the acetylcholine level is high, switches to time-compressed replay activity during quiet waking and slow-wave-sleep (SWS), when the acetylcholine level is low. However, it remains largely unknown how acetylcholine supports short-term memory, spatial navigation, and the functional switch to replay mode in the MTL. In this paper, we focus on the role of the calcium-activated non-specific cationic (CAN) current which is activated by acetylcholine. The CAN current is known to underlie persistent firing, which could serve as a memory trace in many neurons in the MTL. Here, we review the CAN current and discuss possible roles of the CAN current in short-term memory and spatial navigation. We further propose a novel theoretical model where the CAN current switches the hippocampal place cell activity between real-time and time-compressed sequential activity during encoding and consolidation, respectively. PMID:22435051

Color-Coded Labels Cued Nurses to Adhere to Central Line Connector Change.

PubMed

Morrison, Theresa Lynch; Laney, Christina; Foglesong, Jan; Brennaman, Laura

2016-01-01

This study examined nurses' adherence to policies regarding needleless connector changes using a novel, day-of-the-week, color-coded label compared with usual care that relied on electronic medical record (EMR) documentation. This was a prospective, comparative study. The study was performed on 4 medical-surgical units in a seasonally fluctuating, 715-bed healthcare system composed of 2 community hospitals. Convenience sample was composed of adults with central lines hospitalized for 4 or more days. At 4-day intervals, investigators observed bedside label use and EMR needleless connector change documentation. Control patients received standard care-needleless connector change with associated documentation in the EMR. Intervention patients, in addition to standard care, had a day-of-the-week, color-coded label placed on each needleless connector. To account for clustering within unit, multinomial logistic regression models using survey sampling methodology were used to conduct Wald χ tests. A multinominal odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) provided an estimate of using labels that were provided on units relative to usual care documentation of needleless connector change in the EMR. In 335 central line observations, the units with labels (n = 205) had a 321% increase rate of documentation of needleless connector change in the EMR (odds ratio, 4.21; 95% CI, 1.76-10.10; P = .003) compared with the usual care control patients. For units with labels, when labels were present, placement of labels on needleless connectors increased the odds that nurses documented connector changes per policy (4.72; 95% CI, 2.02, 10.98; P = .003). Day-of-the-week, color-coded labels cued nurses to document central line needleless connector change in the EMR, which increased adherence to the needleless connector change policy. Providing day-of-the-week, color-coded needleless connector labels increased EMR documentation of timely needleless connector changes. Timely needleless connector changes may lower the incidence of central line-associated bloodstream infection.

Freeing Space for NASA: Incorporating a Lossless Compression Algorithm into NASA's FOSS System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fiechtner, Kaitlyn; Parker, Allen

2011-01-01

NASA's Fiber Optic Strain Sensing (FOSS) system can gather and store up to 1,536,000 bytes (1.46 megabytes) per second. Since the FOSS system typically acquires hours - or even days - of data, the system can gather hundreds of gigabytes of data for a given test event. To store such large quantities of data more effectively, NASA is modifying a Lempel-Ziv-Oberhumer (LZO) lossless data compression program to compress data as it is being acquired in real time. After proving that the algorithm is capable of compressing the data from the FOSS system, the LZO program will be modified and incorporated into the FOSS system. Implementing an LZO compression algorithm will instantly free up memory space without compromising any data obtained. With the availability of memory space, the FOSS system can be used more efficiently on test specimens, such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) that can be in flight for days. By integrating the compression algorithm, the FOSS system can continue gathering data, even on longer flights.

Pseudoelastic intramedullary nailing for tibio-talo-calcaneal arthrodesis.

PubMed

Yakacki, Christopher M; Gall, Ken; Dirschl, Douglas R; Pacaccio, Douglas J

2011-03-01

Tibio-talo-calcaneal (TTC) arthrodesis is a procedure to treat severe ankle arthropathy by providing a pain-free and stable fusion. Intramedullary (IM) nails offer a method of internal fixation for TTC arthrodesis by providing compressive stability, as well as shear and torsional rigidity. IM nails have been developed to apply compression to the TTC complex during installation; however, current designs are highly susceptible to a loss of compression when exposed to small amounts of bone resorption and cyclic loading. Nickel titanium (NiTi) is a shape-memory alloy capable of recovering large amounts of deformation via shape-memory or pseudoelasticity. Currently, the next generation of IM nails is being developed to utilize the adaptive, pseudoelastic properties of NiTi and provide a fusion nail that is resistant to loss of compression or loosening. Specifically, the pseudoelastic IM nail contains an internal NiTi compression element that applies sustained compression during the course of fusion, analogous to external fixators. © 2011 Expert Reviews Ltd

High-density percutaneous chronic connector for neural prosthetics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shah, Kedar G.; Bennett, William J.; Pannu, Satinderpall S.

2015-09-22

A high density percutaneous chronic connector, having first and second connector structures each having an array of magnets surrounding a mounting cavity. A first electrical feedthrough array is seated in the mounting cavity of the first connector structure and a second electrical feedthrough array is seated in the mounting cavity of the second connector structure, with a feedthrough interconnect matrix positioned between a top side of the first electrical feedthrough array and a bottom side of the second electrical feedthrough array to electrically connect the first electrical feedthrough array to the second electrical feedthrough array. The two arrays of magnetsmore » are arranged to attract in a first angular position which connects the first and second connector structures together and electrically connects the percutaneously connected device to the external electronics, and to repel in a second angular position to facilitate removal of the second connector structure from the first connector structure.« less

An Internal Coaxial Cable Electrical Connector For Use In Downhole Tools

DOEpatents

Hall, David R.; Hall, Jr., H. Tracy; Pixton, David S.; Dahlgren, Scott; Fox, Joe; Sneddon, Cameron; Briscoe, Michael

2005-11-29

A coaxial cable electrical connector more specifically an internal coaxial cable connector placed within a coaxial cable and its constituent components. A coaxial cable connector is in electrical communcation with an inductive transformer and a coaxial cable. The connector is in electrical communication with the outer housing of the inductive transfonner. A generally coaxial center conductor, a portion of which could be the coil in the inductive transformer, passes through the connector, is electrically insulated from the connector, and is in electrical communication with the conductive care of the coaxial cable. A plurality of bulbous pliant tabs on the coaxial cable connector mechanically engage the inside diameter of the coaxial cable thus grounding the transformer to the coaxial cable. The coaxial cable and inductive transformer are disposed within downhole tools to transmit electrical signals between downhole tools within a drill string.

The fabrication of a tapered fiber connector and its coupling efficiency

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qinggui, Hu; Chengzhong, Li

2017-11-01

In order to reduce the adverse influence of transversal displacement of the optical fiber connector, we propose the directional tapered communication fiber connector, in which the fiber head is tapered according to the signal transmission direction to improve efficiency. We used a flame-brush technique to produce the tapered fiber successfully. In the next step, two experiments in different environments were performed; one in a static environment and the other in a vibration environment. The first experiment shows that the efficiency of the tapered connector is higher than that of the common connector in the same transversal displacement. The second experiment shows that the efficiency of the tapered connector is higher than that of the common connector in the same frequency and amplitude.

Indexing device ensures proper mating of electrical connectors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jenkins, L. M.; Simmons, W. H.

1965-01-01

Indexing splines with modified standard male and female connectors eliminates the possibility of incorrect mating. Large stock quantities of differently indexed connectors are unnecessary since connectors from a single stock can be indexed as desired at installation time.

DNA conformational change induced by the bacteriophage phi 29 connector.

PubMed Central

Valpuesta, J M; Serrano, M; Donate, L E; Herranz, L; Carrascosa, J L

1992-01-01

Translocation of viral DNA inwards and outwards of the capsid of double-stranded DNA bacteriophages occurs through the connector, a key viral structure that is known to interact with DNA. It is shown here that phage phi 29 connector binds both linear and circular double-stranded DNA. However, DNA-mediated protection of phi 29 connectors against Staphylococcus aureus endoprotease V8 digestion suggests that binding to linear DNA is more stable than to circular DNA. Endoprotease V8-protection assays also suggest that the length of the linear DNA required to produce a stable phi 29 connector-DNA interaction is, at least, twice longer than the phi 29 connector channel. This result is confirmed by experiments of phi 29 connector-protection of DNA against DNase I digestion. Furthermore, DNA circularization assays indicate that phi 29 connectors restrain negative supercoiling when bound to linear DNA. This DNA conformational change is not observed upon binding to circular DNA and it could reflect the existence of some left-handed DNA coiling or DNA untwisting inside of the phi 29 connector channel. Images PMID:1454519

A CAM-based LZ data compression IC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Winters, K.; Bode, R.; Schneider, E.

1993-01-01

A custom CMOS processor is introduced that implements the Data Compression Lempel-Ziv (DCLZ) standard, a variation of the LZ2 Algorithm. This component presently achieves a sustained compression and decompression rate of 10 megabytes/second by employing an on-chip content-addressable memory for string table storage.

Data Compression in Full-Text Retrieval Systems.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bell, Timothy C.; And Others

1993-01-01

Describes compression methods for components of full-text systems such as text databases on CD-ROM. Topics discussed include storage media; structures for full-text retrieval, including indexes, inverted files, and bitmaps; compression tools; memory requirements during retrieval; and ranking and information retrieval. (Contains 53 references.)…

In Vitro Microbiology Studies on a New Peritoneal Dialysis Connector

PubMed Central

Di Bonaventura, Giovanni; Cerasoli, Paolo; Pompilio, Arianna; Arrizza, Fabio; Di Liberato, Lorenzo; Stingone, Antonio; Sirolli, Vittorio; Arduini, Arduino; Bonomini, Mario

2012-01-01

♦ Objective: We evaluated the ability of a recently developed peritoneal dialysis (PD) connector to prevent the risk of bacterial transfer to the fluid path after simulated touch and airborne contamination. ♦ Methods: Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC1228 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 strains were used. For touch contamination, 2 μL of a standardized inoculum [1×108 colony-forming units (CFU) per milliliter] were deposited on top of the pin closing the fluid path of the patient connector. For airborne contamination, the patient connector was exposed for 15 seconds to a nebulized standardized inoculum. To simulate the patient peritoneum and effluent, the patient connector was pre-attached to a 2-L bag of sterile PD solution. After contamination, the patient connector was attached to the transfer set, the pin was captured, flow control was turned to simulate “patient drain” into the empty bag, and then “patient fill” using the bag pre-attached to the connector. Finally, a new pin was recaptured. The PD solution collected in the bag pre-attached to the connector was run through a 0.20-μm filter for colony counts. ♦ Results: No infected connector transferred bacteria to the fluid path, regardless of the challenge procedure or the strain used. ♦ Conclusions: Our results show that the new PD connector may fully obviate the risk of bacterial infection, even in the presence of heavy contamination. Further studies are in progress to test our PD connector in a clinical setting. PMID:22302771

Compressing DNA sequence databases with coil.

PubMed

White, W Timothy J; Hendy, Michael D

2008-05-20

Publicly available DNA sequence databases such as GenBank are large, and are growing at an exponential rate. The sheer volume of data being dealt with presents serious storage and data communications problems. Currently, sequence data is usually kept in large "flat files," which are then compressed using standard Lempel-Ziv (gzip) compression - an approach which rarely achieves good compression ratios. While much research has been done on compressing individual DNA sequences, surprisingly little has focused on the compression of entire databases of such sequences. In this study we introduce the sequence database compression software coil. We have designed and implemented a portable software package, coil, for compressing and decompressing DNA sequence databases based on the idea of edit-tree coding. coil is geared towards achieving high compression ratios at the expense of execution time and memory usage during compression - the compression time represents a "one-off investment" whose cost is quickly amortised if the resulting compressed file is transmitted many times. Decompression requires little memory and is extremely fast. We demonstrate a 5% improvement in compression ratio over state-of-the-art general-purpose compression tools for a large GenBank database file containing Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) data. Finally, coil can efficiently encode incremental additions to a sequence database. coil presents a compelling alternative to conventional compression of flat files for the storage and distribution of DNA sequence databases having a narrow distribution of sequence lengths, such as EST data. Increasing compression levels for databases having a wide distribution of sequence lengths is a direction for future work.

Compressing DNA sequence databases with coil

PubMed Central

White, W Timothy J; Hendy, Michael D

2008-01-01

Background Publicly available DNA sequence databases such as GenBank are large, and are growing at an exponential rate. The sheer volume of data being dealt with presents serious storage and data communications problems. Currently, sequence data is usually kept in large "flat files," which are then compressed using standard Lempel-Ziv (gzip) compression – an approach which rarely achieves good compression ratios. While much research has been done on compressing individual DNA sequences, surprisingly little has focused on the compression of entire databases of such sequences. In this study we introduce the sequence database compression software coil. Results We have designed and implemented a portable software package, coil, for compressing and decompressing DNA sequence databases based on the idea of edit-tree coding. coil is geared towards achieving high compression ratios at the expense of execution time and memory usage during compression – the compression time represents a "one-off investment" whose cost is quickly amortised if the resulting compressed file is transmitted many times. Decompression requires little memory and is extremely fast. We demonstrate a 5% improvement in compression ratio over state-of-the-art general-purpose compression tools for a large GenBank database file containing Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) data. Finally, coil can efficiently encode incremental additions to a sequence database. Conclusion coil presents a compelling alternative to conventional compression of flat files for the storage and distribution of DNA sequence databases having a narrow distribution of sequence lengths, such as EST data. Increasing compression levels for databases having a wide distribution of sequence lengths is a direction for future work. PMID:18489794

The connector space reduction mechanism

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Milam, M. Bruce

1990-01-01

The Connector Space Reduction Mechanism (CSRM) is a simple device that can reduce the number of electromechanical devices on the Payload Interface Adapter/Station Interface Adapter (PIA/SIA) from 4 to 1. The device uses simplicity to attack the heart of the connector mating problem for large interfaces. The CSRM allows blind mate connector mating with minimal alignment required over short distances. This eliminates potential interface binding problems and connector damage. The CSRM is compatible with G and H connectors and Moog Rotary Shutoff fluid couplings. The CSRM can be used also with less forgiving connectors, as was demonstrated in the lab. The CSRM is NASA-Goddard exclusive design with patent applied for. The CSRM is the correct mechanism for the PIA/SIA interface as well as other similar berthing interfaces.

Connector design in a long-span-fixed dental prosthesis: a three-dimensional finite element analysis.

PubMed

Harshitha Gowda, B H; Satish Babu, C L

2013-01-01

The goal of every prosthetic management is to simulate nature and be in harmony with nature within the physiological limits. The occlusal forces on a fixed dental prosthesis are transmitted to the surrounding structures through pontics, connectors and retainers and more stresses are seen at the connector region. To analyze the stress patterns in cast and soldered connectors between the two pontics and between the retainer and pontic of a four unit fixed dental prosthesis on axial and non axial loading and also to observe and ascertain the need to modify the design of the rigid connectors. Subsequently four models each of cast and soldered connectors with cylindrical and triangular design, of dimension 3 × 4 mm and thickness 0.5 mm was designed for the study. The first premolar and second molar were considered as the abutments and 2 nd premolar and 1 st molar as the pontics. The analysis was done using ANSYS version 8.0 software and by placing axial and non-axial load of 40 Newtons each. Von Misses stresses were observed at the connector region between the two pontics, especially in the cervical region. The cylindrical cast connectors showed less stress in comparison to triangular design and the difference in the stress distribution of cast and soldered connectors were marginal. The occlusal forces on a fixed dental prosthesis are transmitted to the surrounding structures through pontics, connectors and retainers with maximum stresses concentrated at the connectors. Hence this three-dimensional finite element analysis study investigated stress distribution in a four unit posterior fixed dental prosthesis, having cylindrical and triangular connector designs.

Effects of longitudinal speed reduction markings on left-turn direct connectors.

PubMed

Zhao, Xiaohua; Ding, Han; Lin, Zhanzhou; Ma, Jianming; Rong, Jian

2018-06-01

Longitudinal speed reduction markings (LSRMs) are designed to alert drivers to an upcoming change in roadway geometry (e.g. direct connectors with smaller radii). In Beijing, LSRMs are usually installed on direct connectors of urban expressways. The objective of this paper is to examine the influence of LSRMs on vehicle operation and driver behavior, and evaluate the decelerating effectiveness of LSRMs on direct connectors with different radii. Empirical data were collected in a driving simulator, and indicators representing vehicle operation status and driving behavior were proposed. To examine the influence of LSRMs, an analysis segment was defined, which begins 500 m prior to the entering point of the connector and ends at the exiting point of the connector. Furthermore, the analysis segment was evenly divided into a series of subsections; the length of each subsection is 50 m. This definition is introduced based on the assumption that drivers would decelerate smoothly in advance of the connector. The analysis results show that drivers tend to decelerate earlier when the radii were 200 m or 300 m. When approaching the connector, drivers tend to decelerate at 500 m thru 250 m in advance of the connector with a 200 m radius; deceleration happens at 300 m-0 m in advance of the connector with a 300 m radius. On the connector, drivers controlled the throttle pedal use at 100 thru 300 m after the entering point when the radius was 200 m; deceleration occurred in two regions when the radius was 300 m: 0 m-900 m from the entering point, and the last 1,000 m of the connector. The analytical results further revealed that LSRMs would be effective at reducing speeds when the radius of the direct connector was 300 m. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

CONNECTOR

DOEpatents

Stevens, D.J.

1962-01-23

A multiple-contact electrical connector is designed for facilitating correct alignment of the contacts of a movable component with the contacts in a normally stationary component. The stationary connector component, which is normally positioned in a panel, is provided with a fiangemount which permits rotary adjustment of the normally stationary connector component to a desired aligned position with respeet to contacts in the other connector component. The fiange-mount which comprises a fiange on the connector component and a clamping ring may then be secured to the panel by drawing the clamping ring tightly against the flange, thus binding the latter between the ring and the panel for securing the eomponent in desired fixed position. (AEC)

Vector Quantization Algorithm Based on Associative Memories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guzmán, Enrique; Pogrebnyak, Oleksiy; Yáñez, Cornelio; Manrique, Pablo

This paper presents a vector quantization algorithm for image compression based on extended associative memories. The proposed algorithm is divided in two stages. First, an associative network is generated applying the learning phase of the extended associative memories between a codebook generated by the LBG algorithm and a training set. This associative network is named EAM-codebook and represents a new codebook which is used in the next stage. The EAM-codebook establishes a relation between training set and the LBG codebook. Second, the vector quantization process is performed by means of the recalling stage of EAM using as associative memory the EAM-codebook. This process generates a set of the class indices to which each input vector belongs. With respect to the LBG algorithm, the main advantages offered by the proposed algorithm is high processing speed and low demand of resources (system memory); results of image compression and quality are presented.

Fast and memory efficient text image compression with JBIG2.

PubMed

Ye, Yan; Cosman, Pamela

2003-01-01

In this paper, we investigate ways to reduce encoding time, memory consumption and substitution errors for text image compression with JBIG2. We first look at page striping where the encoder splits the input image into horizontal stripes and processes one stripe at a time. We propose dynamic dictionary updating procedures for page striping to reduce the bit rate penalty it incurs. Experiments show that splitting the image into two stripes can save 30% of encoding time and 40% of physical memory with a small coding loss of about 1.5%. Using more stripes brings further savings in time and memory but the return diminishes. We also propose an adaptive way to update the dictionary only when it has become out-of-date. The adaptive updating scheme can resolve the time versus bit rate tradeoff and the memory versus bit rate tradeoff well simultaneously. We then propose three speedup techniques for pattern matching, the most time-consuming encoding activity in JBIG2. When combined together, these speedup techniques can save up to 75% of the total encoding time with at most 1.7% of bit rate penalty. Finally, we look at improving reconstructed image quality for lossy compression. We propose enhanced prescreening and feature monitored shape unifying to significantly reduce substitution errors in the reconstructed images.

GPU-accelerated algorithms for compressed signals recovery with application to astronomical imagery deblurring

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fiandrotti, Attilio; Fosson, Sophie M.; Ravazzi, Chiara; Magli, Enrico

2018-04-01

Compressive sensing promises to enable bandwidth-efficient on-board compression of astronomical data by lifting the encoding complexity from the source to the receiver. The signal is recovered off-line, exploiting GPUs parallel computation capabilities to speedup the reconstruction process. However, inherent GPU hardware constraints limit the size of the recoverable signal and the speedup practically achievable. In this work, we design parallel algorithms that exploit the properties of circulant matrices for efficient GPU-accelerated sparse signals recovery. Our approach reduces the memory requirements, allowing us to recover very large signals with limited memory. In addition, it achieves a tenfold signal recovery speedup thanks to ad-hoc parallelization of matrix-vector multiplications and matrix inversions. Finally, we practically demonstrate our algorithms in a typical application of circulant matrices: deblurring a sparse astronomical image in the compressed domain.

Avalanches in compressed Ti-Ni shape-memory porous alloys: An acoustic emission study.

PubMed

Soto-Parra, Daniel; Zhang, Xiaoxin; Cao, Shanshan; Vives, Eduard; Salje, Ekhard K H; Planes, Antoni

2015-06-01

Mechanical avalanches during compression of martensitic porous Ti-Ni have been characterized by high-frequency acoustic emission (AE). Two sequences of AE signals were found in the same sample. The first sequence is mainly generated by detwinning at the early stages of compression while fracture dominates the later stages. Fracture also determines the catastrophic failure (big crash). For high-porosity samples, the AE energies of both sequences display power-law distributions with exponents ɛ≃2 (twinning) and 1.7 (fracture). The two power laws confirm that twinning and fracture both lead to avalanche criticality during compression. As twinning precedes fracture, the observation of twinning allows us to predict incipient fracture of the porous shape memory material as an early warning sign (i.e., in bone implants) before the fracture collapse actually happens.

Stand-alone development system using a KIM-1 microcomputer module

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nickum, J. D.

1978-01-01

A small microprocessor-based system designed to: contain all or most of the interface hardware, designed to be easy to access and modify the hardware, to be capable of being strapped to the seat of a small general aviation aircraft, and to be independent of the aircraft power system is described. The system is used to develop a low cost Loran C sensor processor, but is designed such that the Loran interface boards may be removed and other hardware interfaces inserted into the same connectors. This flexibility is achieved through memory-mapping techniques into the microprocessor.

UDCM Operating Procedure (Limited Functionality prototype)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Newell, Matthew R.

2016-06-14

The UDCM is a two channel low current measurement device designed to record sub-nano-amp to micro-amp currents from radiation detectors. The UDCM incorporates a Commercial-Off-The- Shelf (COTS) processor enabling both serial over USB as well as Ethernet communications. The instrument includes microSD and USB flash memory for data storage as well as a programmable High Voltage (HV) power supply for detector bias. The UDCM incorporates a unique TTL output feature first used in the LANL Current to Pulse Converter (CPC). Two SMA connectors on the UDCM provide TTL pulses at a frequency proportional to the input currents.

Multiple channel data acquisition system

DOEpatents

Crawley, H. Bert; Rosenberg, Eli I.; Meyer, W. Thomas; Gorbics, Mark S.; Thomas, William D.; McKay, Roy L.; Homer, Jr., John F.

1990-05-22

A multiple channel data acquisition system for the transfer of large amounts of data from a multiplicity of data channels has a plurality of modules which operate in parallel to convert analog signals to digital data and transfer that data to a communications host via a FASTBUS. Each module has a plurality of submodules which include a front end buffer (FEB) connected to input circuitry having an analog to digital converter with cache memory for each of a plurality of channels. The submodules are interfaced with the FASTBUS via a FASTBUS coupler which controls a module bus and a module memory. The system is triggered to effect rapid parallel data samplings which are stored to the cache memories. The cache memories are uploaded to the FEBs during which zero suppression occurs. The data in the FEBs is reformatted and compressed by a local processor during transfer to the module memory. The FASTBUS coupler is used by the communications host to upload the compressed and formatted data from the module memory. The local processor executes programs which are downloaded to the module memory through the FASTBUS coupler.

Multiple channel data acquisition system

DOEpatents

Crawley, H.B.; Rosenberg, E.I.; Meyer, W.T.; Gorbics, M.S.; Thomas, W.D.; McKay, R.L.; Homer, J.F. Jr.

1990-05-22

A multiple channel data acquisition system for the transfer of large amounts of data from a multiplicity of data channels has a plurality of modules which operate in parallel to convert analog signals to digital data and transfer that data to a communications host via a FASTBUS. Each module has a plurality of submodules which include a front end buffer (FEB) connected to input circuitry having an analog to digital converter with cache memory for each of a plurality of channels. The submodules are interfaced with the FASTBUS via a FASTBUS coupler which controls a module bus and a module memory. The system is triggered to effect rapid parallel data samplings which are stored to the cache memories. The cache memories are uploaded to the FEBs during which zero suppression occurs. The data in the FEBs is reformatted and compressed by a local processor during transfer to the module memory. The FASTBUS coupler is used by the communications host to upload the compressed and formatted data from the module memory. The local processor executes programs which are downloaded to the module memory through the FASTBUS coupler. 25 figs.

Connector and electronic circuit assembly for improved wet insulation resistance

DOEpatents

Reese, Jason A.; Teli, Samar R.; Keenihan, James R.; Langmaid, Joseph A.; Maak, Kevin D.; Mills, Michael E.; Plum, Timothy C.; Ramesh, Narayan

2016-07-19

The present invention is premised upon a connector and electronic circuit assembly (130) at least partially encased in a polymeric frame (200). The assembly including at least: a connector housing (230); at least one electrical connector (330); at least one electronic circuit component (430); and at least one barrier element (530).

76 FR 68504 - Advisory Opinion Proceeding; Certain Coaxial Cable Connectors and Components Thereof and Products...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-04

... Coaxial Cable Connectors and Components Thereof and Products Containing Same; Determination To Institute... coaxial cable connectors and components thereof and products containing the same by reason of infringement... under Commission Rule 210.79 (19 CFR 210.79) that would declare that its coaxial cable connectors...

Comparison of Adaptation between the Major Connectors Fabricated from Intraoral Digital Impressions and Extraoral Digital Impressions.

PubMed

Gan, Ning; Ruan, Yaye; Sun, Jian; Xiong, Yaoyang; Jiao, Ting

2018-01-11

The objective was to compare the adaptation between the major connectors of removable partial dentures derived from intraoral digital impressions and extraoral digital impressions. Twenty-four volunteers were enrolled. Each volunteer received an intraoral digital impression and one extraoral digital impression digitized from conventional gypsum impression. A software was used to create the major connectors on digital impression datasets. After all the virtual major connectors designed from Group intraoral digital impressions (Group I) and Group extraoral digital impressions (Group E) were directly fabricated by 3D printing technique, the adaptation of the final major connectors in volunteers' mouths were measured. The adaptation ranged from 159.87 to 577.99 μm in Group I while from 120.83 to 536.17 μm in Group E. The adaptation of major connectors in Group I were found better at the midline palatine suture while the adaptation of major connectors in Group E were found better at the two sides of the palatal vault. In both groups, the highest accuracy in adaptation was revealed at the anterior margin of the major connectors. It is feasible to manufacture the major connectors by digital impression and 3D printing technique. Both the adaptation of the two kinds of digital impressions were clinical acceptable.

Evolution of low-profile and lightweight electrical connectors for soldier-worn applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gans, Eric; Lee, Kang; Jannson, Tomasz; Walter, Kevin

2011-06-01

In addition to military radios, modern warfighters carry cell phones, GPS devices, computers, and night-vision aids, all of which require electrical cables and connectors for data and power transmission. Currently each electrical device operates via independent cables using conventional cable and connector technology. Conventional cables are stiff and difficult to integrate into a soldier-worn garment. Conventional connectors are tall and heavy, as they were designed to ensure secure connections to bulkhead-type panels, and being tall, represent significant snag-hazards in soldier-worn applications. Physical Optics Corporation has designed a new, lightweight and low-profile electrical connector that is more suitable for body-worn applications and operates much like a standard garment snap. When these connectors are mated, the combined height is <0.3 in. - a significant reduction from the 2.5 in. average height of conventional connectors. Electrical connections can be made with one hand (gloved or bare) and blindly (without looking). Furthermore, POC's connectors are integrated into systems that distribute data or power from a central location on the soldier's vest, reducing the length and weight of the cables necessary to interconnect various mission-critical electronic systems. The result is a lightweight power/data distribution system offering significant advantages over conventional electrical connectors in soldier-worn applications.

Evaluation of Small Form Factor Fiber Optic Interconnects for the NASA Electronics Parts and Packaging Program (NEPP)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ott, Melanie; Thomes, W. Joe; Blair, Diana; Chuska, Rick; Switzer, Rob

2010-01-01

The Diamond AVIM optical fiber connector has been used for over a decade in flight environments. AVIM which stands for Aviation Intermediate Maintenance is always referenced as a fiber optic connector type from the DIN (Deutsches Institut fur Normung) family of optical fiber connectors. The newly available Mini AVIM and DMI (Definition Multimedia Interface) connectors also by Diamond provide similar features as the high performance AVIM with the added benefits of being small form factor for board mount and internal box use where long connectors and strain relief can not be accommodated. Transceiver, fiber laser technology and receiver optic technology based on small sized constraints will benefit the most by the reduction in connector form factor. It is for this reason that the Mini AVIM is being evaluated for multimode and single mode optical fiber use in both fiber based and cable based packaging configurations. In a fiber based termination, there are no cable materials to bond to the connector. The only bonding that is conducted is the mounting of the fiber with epoxy to the connector ferrules (which are called DMI ferrules). In a cable configuration, the compatibility of the connector subcomponents along with the upjacketing materials of the cable around the fiber needs to be considered carefully for termination fabrication. Cabled terminations will show greater insertion loss and high probability of failures during thermal cycling testing. This is due to the stressing of the combination of materials that each have different Coefficients of Thermal Expansion (CTE's) and that are bonded together to the connector subcomponents. As the materials flex during thermal excursions, forces are applied to the termination and can make the system fail if the grouping of materials (per their CTE's) are not compatible and this includes cable materials, epoxies, ferrule and connector body components. For this evaluation, multimode 100 micron core step index fiber was used for the fiber terminated condition, and single mode SMF-28 upjacketed with W.L. Gore Flexlite was used for the cabled configuration. For background purposes, a comparison is presented here for information purposes between the high performance AVIM connector features and the Mini AVIM small form factor connectors. Basic connector features are described here.

Multidimensional NMR inversion without Kronecker products: Multilinear inversion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Medellín, David; Ravi, Vivek R.; Torres-Verdín, Carlos

2016-08-01

Multidimensional NMR inversion using Kronecker products poses several challenges. First, kernel compression is only possible when the kernel matrices are separable, and in recent years, there has been an increasing interest in NMR sequences with non-separable kernels. Second, in three or more dimensions, the singular value decomposition is not unique; therefore kernel compression is not well-defined for higher dimensions. Without kernel compression, the Kronecker product yields matrices that require large amounts of memory, making the inversion intractable for personal computers. Finally, incorporating arbitrary regularization terms is not possible using the Lawson-Hanson (LH) or the Butler-Reeds-Dawson (BRD) algorithms. We develop a minimization-based inversion method that circumvents the above problems by using multilinear forms to perform multidimensional NMR inversion without using kernel compression or Kronecker products. The new method is memory efficient, requiring less than 0.1% of the memory required by the LH or BRD methods. It can also be extended to arbitrary dimensions and adapted to include non-separable kernels, linear constraints, and arbitrary regularization terms. Additionally, it is easy to implement because only a cost function and its first derivative are required to perform the inversion.

77 FR 48138 - Notice of Intent To Prepare an Environmental Impact Statement for the Planned Jordan Cove...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-13

... No. PF12-7-000: Pacific Connector Gas Pipeline LP--Docket No. PF12-17-000] Notice of Intent To..., Oregon, and Pacific Connector Gas Pipeline LP's (Pacific Connector) proposed pipeline project crossing... gas (LNG) terminal is in the public interest, and whether the Pacific Connector pipeline is in the...

Beam connector apparatus and assembly

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vontiesenhausen, G. F. (Inventor)

1983-01-01

An apparatus and assembly for connecting beams and like structural members is disclosed which is particularly advantageous for connecting two members which are moved laterally into place. The connector apparatus requires no relative longitudinal movement between the ends of the beams or members being connected to make a connection joint. The apparatus includes a receptacle member and a connector housing carried by opposed ends of the structural member being connected. A spring-loaded connector member is carried by the connector housing which may be released for extension and engagement into the receptacle member.

Single mode fiber and twin-core fiber connection technique for in-fiber integrated interferometer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yuan, Tingting; Zhang, Xiaotong; Guan, Chunying; Yang, Xinghua; Yuan, Libo

2015-09-01

A novel twin-core fiber connector has been made by two side-polished fibers. By using side polishing technique, we present a connector based on the twin-core fiber (TCF) and two D-shaped single-core fibers. After simple alignment and splicing, all fiber miniaturizing connector can be obtained. Two cores can operate independently and are non-interfering. The coupling loss of this connector is low and the fabrication technologies are mature. The connector device could be used for sensors or particle trapping.

Analytical study of electrical disconnect system for use on manned and unmanned missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rosener, A. A.; Lenda, J. A.; Trummer, R. O.; Jonkoniec, T. G.

1977-01-01

The program to survey existing electrical connector availability, and establish an optimum connector design for maintainable spacecraft substation interfaces is reported. Functional and operational requirements are given along with the results of the documentation survey, which disclosed that the MSFC series connectors have the preferred features of current connector technology. Optimum design concepts for EVA tasks, modules serviced by manipulators, and for manipulators independent of other servicing units are presented. It is concluded that separate connector designs are required for spacecraft replaceable modules, and for crewman EVA.

Lossy Wavefield Compression for Full-Waveform Inversion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boehm, C.; Fichtner, A.; de la Puente, J.; Hanzich, M.

2015-12-01

We present lossy compression techniques, tailored to the inexact computation of sensitivity kernels, that significantly reduce the memory requirements of adjoint-based minimization schemes. Adjoint methods are a powerful tool to solve tomography problems in full-waveform inversion (FWI). Yet they face the challenge of massive memory requirements caused by the opposite directions of forward and adjoint simulations and the necessity to access both wavefields simultaneously during the computation of the sensitivity kernel. Thus, storage, I/O operations, and memory bandwidth become key topics in FWI. In this talk, we present strategies for the temporal and spatial compression of the forward wavefield. This comprises re-interpolation with coarse time steps and an adaptive polynomial degree of the spectral element shape functions. In addition, we predict the projection errors on a hierarchy of grids and re-quantize the residuals with an adaptive floating-point accuracy to improve the approximation. Furthermore, we use the first arrivals of adjoint waves to identify "shadow zones" that do not contribute to the sensitivity kernel at all. Updating and storing the wavefield within these shadow zones is skipped, which reduces memory requirements and computational costs at the same time. Compared to check-pointing, our approach has only a negligible computational overhead, utilizing the fact that a sufficiently accurate sensitivity kernel does not require a fully resolved forward wavefield. Furthermore, we use adaptive compression thresholds during the FWI iterations to ensure convergence. Numerical experiments on the reservoir scale and for the Western Mediterranean prove the high potential of this approach with an effective compression factor of 500-1000. Furthermore, it is computationally cheap and easy to integrate in both, finite-differences and finite-element wave propagation codes.

The compression and storage method of the same kind of medical images: DPCM

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Xiuying; Wei, Jingyuan; Zhai, Linpei; Liu, Hong

2006-09-01

Medical imaging has started to take advantage of digital technology, opening the way for advanced medical imaging and teleradiology. Medical images, however, require large amounts of memory. At over 1 million bytes per image, a typical hospital needs a staggering amount of memory storage (over one trillion bytes per year), and transmitting an image over a network (even the promised superhighway) could take minutes--too slow for interactive teleradiology. This calls for image compression to reduce significantly the amount of data needed to represent an image. Several compression techniques with different compression ratio have been developed. However, the lossless techniques, which allow for perfect reconstruction of the original images, yield modest compression ratio, while the techniques that yield higher compression ratio are lossy, that is, the original image is reconstructed only approximately. Medical imaging poses the great challenge of having compression algorithms that are lossless (for diagnostic and legal reasons) and yet have high compression ratio for reduced storage and transmission time. To meet this challenge, we are developing and studying some compression schemes, which are either strictly lossless or diagnostically lossless, taking advantage of the peculiarities of medical images and of the medical practice. In order to increase the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) by exploitation of correlations within the source signal, a method of combining differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) is presented.

A fast sequence assembly method based on compressed data structures.

PubMed

Liang, Peifeng; Zhang, Yancong; Lin, Kui; Hu, Jinglu

2014-01-01

Assembling a large genome using next generation sequencing reads requires large computer memory and a long execution time. To reduce these requirements, a memory and time efficient assembler is presented from applying FM-index in JR-Assembler, called FMJ-Assembler, where FM stand for FMR-index derived from the FM-index and BWT and J for jumping extension. The FMJ-Assembler uses expanded FM-index and BWT to compress data of reads to save memory and jumping extension method make it faster in CPU time. An extensive comparison of the FMJ-Assembler with current assemblers shows that the FMJ-Assembler achieves a better or comparable overall assembly quality and requires lower memory use and less CPU time. All these advantages of the FMJ-Assembler indicate that the FMJ-Assembler will be an efficient assembly method in next generation sequencing technology.

Hardware compression using common portions of data

DOEpatents

Chang, Jichuan; Viswanathan, Krishnamurthy

2015-03-24

Methods and devices are provided for data compression. Data compression can include receiving a plurality of data chunks, sampling at least some of the plurality of data chunks extracting a common portion from a number of the plurality of data chunks based on the sampling, and storing a remainder of the plurality of data chunks in memory.

Readers' use of source information in text comprehension.

PubMed

Braasch, Jason L G; Rouet, Jean-François; Vibert, Nicolas; Britt, M Anne

2012-04-01

In two experiments, we examined the role of discrepancy on readers' text processing of and memory for the sources of brief news reports. Each story included two assertions that were attributed to different sources. We manipulated whether the second assertion was either discrepant or consistent with the first assertion. On the basis of the discrepancy-induced source comprehension (D-ISC) assumption, we predicted that discrepant stories would promote deeper processing and better memory for the sources conveying the messages, as compared to consistent stories. As predicted, readers mentioned more sources in summaries of discrepant stories, recalled more sources, made more fixations, and displayed longer gaze times in source areas when reading discrepant than when reading consistent stories. In Experiment 2, we found enhanced memory for source-content links for discrepant stories even when intersentential connectors were absent, and regardless of the reading goals. Discussion was focused on discrepancies as one mechanism by which readers are prompted to encode source-content links more deeply, as a method of integrating disparate pieces of information into a coherent mental representation of a text.

Efficient image compression algorithm for computer-animated images

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yfantis, Evangelos A.; Au, Matthew Y.; Miel, G.

1992-10-01

An image compression algorithm is described. The algorithm is an extension of the run-length image compression algorithm and its implementation is relatively easy. This algorithm was implemented and compared with other existing popular compression algorithms and with the Lempel-Ziv (LZ) coding. The Lempel-Ziv algorithm is available as a utility in the UNIX operating system and is also referred to as the UNIX uncompress. Sometimes our algorithm is best in terms of saving memory space, and sometimes one of the competing algorithms is best. The algorithm is lossless, and the intent is for the algorithm to be used in computer graphics animated images. Comparisons made with the LZ algorithm indicate that the decompression time using our algorithm is faster than that using the LZ algorithm. Once the data are in memory, a relatively simple and fast transformation is applied to uncompress the file.

Effect of Aging Treatment on the Compressibility and Recovery of NiTi Shape Memory Alloys as Static Seals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lu, Xiaofeng; Li, Gang; Liu, Luwei; Zhu, Xiaolei; Tu, Shan-Tung

2017-07-01

The improvement of the compressibility and recovery of the gaskets can decrease the leakage occurrence in bolted flange connections. In this study, the effect of aging treatment on the compressibility and recovery of NiTi shape memory alloys is investigated as static seals together with thermal analysis. The experimental results indicate that different phase transformations of NiTi alloys are exhibited in the DSC curves during aging treatment. The recovery coefficient of NiTi alloys aged at 500 °C for 2 h is quite low accompanied with a large residual strain. With increasing aging time at the aging temperature of 400 °C, the residual strain and area of hysteresis loop of NiTi alloys are both increased, whereas the recovery coefficient is decreased. Since the deformation associates the phase transformation behavior, aging treatment could improve the compressibility and recovery of NiTi alloys as static seals.

Low Power LDPC Code Decoder Architecture Based on Intermediate Message Compression Technique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shimizu, Kazunori; Togawa, Nozomu; Ikenaga, Takeshi; Goto, Satoshi

Reducing the power dissipation for LDPC code decoder is a major challenging task to apply it to the practical digital communication systems. In this paper, we propose a low power LDPC code decoder architecture based on an intermediate message-compression technique which features as follows: (i) An intermediate message compression technique enables the decoder to reduce the required memory capacity and write power dissipation. (ii) A clock gated shift register based intermediate message memory architecture enables the decoder to decompress the compressed messages in a single clock cycle while reducing the read power dissipation. The combination of the above two techniques enables the decoder to reduce the power dissipation while keeping the decoding throughput. The simulation results show that the proposed architecture improves the power efficiency up to 52% and 18% compared to that of the decoder based on the overlapped schedule and the rapid convergence schedule without the proposed techniques respectively.

Methods for compressible fluid simulation on GPUs using high-order finite differences

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pekkilä, Johannes; Väisälä, Miikka S.; Käpylä, Maarit J.; Käpylä, Petri J.; Anjum, Omer

2017-08-01

We focus on implementing and optimizing a sixth-order finite-difference solver for simulating compressible fluids on a GPU using third-order Runge-Kutta integration. Since graphics processing units perform well in data-parallel tasks, this makes them an attractive platform for fluid simulation. However, high-order stencil computation is memory-intensive with respect to both main memory and the caches of the GPU. We present two approaches for simulating compressible fluids using 55-point and 19-point stencils. We seek to reduce the requirements for memory bandwidth and cache size in our methods by using cache blocking and decomposing a latency-bound kernel into several bandwidth-bound kernels. Our fastest implementation is bandwidth-bound and integrates 343 million grid points per second on a Tesla K40t GPU, achieving a 3 . 6 × speedup over a comparable hydrodynamics solver benchmarked on two Intel Xeon E5-2690v3 processors. Our alternative GPU implementation is latency-bound and achieves the rate of 168 million updates per second.

Study on the influence of step changed spacing of shear stud connector on the behavior of continuous composite beams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luo, Yong; Zhou, Dong Hua; Duan, Bin

2018-05-01

In practice, in the steel-concrete composite continuous beam, the shear stud connectors with step changed spacing are often used: How are the slip, deflection and the shear stud connector forces influenced by the step changed spacing of studs connectors? For this question, it will be discussed in the text.

40 CFR 60.482-8a - Standards: Pumps, valves, and connectors in heavy liquid service and pressure relief devices in...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... connectors in heavy liquid service and pressure relief devices in light liquid or heavy liquid service. 60... connectors in heavy liquid service and pressure relief devices in light liquid or heavy liquid service. (a... at pumps, valves, and connectors in heavy liquid service and pressure relief devices in light liquid...

40 CFR 60.482-8a - Standards: Pumps, valves, and connectors in heavy liquid service and pressure relief devices in...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... connectors in heavy liquid service and pressure relief devices in light liquid or heavy liquid service. 60... connectors in heavy liquid service and pressure relief devices in light liquid or heavy liquid service. (a... at pumps, valves, and connectors in heavy liquid service and pressure relief devices in light liquid...

40 CFR 60.482-8a - Standards: Pumps, valves, and connectors in heavy liquid service and pressure relief devices in...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... connectors in heavy liquid service and pressure relief devices in light liquid or heavy liquid service. 60... connectors in heavy liquid service and pressure relief devices in light liquid or heavy liquid service. (a... at pumps, valves, and connectors in heavy liquid service and pressure relief devices in light liquid...

40 CFR 60.482-8a - Standards: Pumps, valves, and connectors in heavy liquid service and pressure relief devices in...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... connectors in heavy liquid service and pressure relief devices in light liquid or heavy liquid service. 60... connectors in heavy liquid service and pressure relief devices in light liquid or heavy liquid service. (a... at pumps, valves, and connectors in heavy liquid service and pressure relief devices in light liquid...

40 CFR 60.482-8a - Standards: Pumps, valves, and connectors in heavy liquid service and pressure relief devices in...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... connectors in heavy liquid service and pressure relief devices in light liquid or heavy liquid service. 60... connectors in heavy liquid service and pressure relief devices in light liquid or heavy liquid service. (a... at pumps, valves, and connectors in heavy liquid service and pressure relief devices in light liquid...

40 CFR 63.1027 - Connectors in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Standards § 63.1027 Connectors in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service standards. (a..., the owner or operator shall monitor all connectors in gas and vapor and light liquid service as... 40 Protection of Environment 10 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Connectors in gas and vapor service...

40 CFR 60.482-11a - Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...-11a Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service. (a) The owner or operator... connectors in gas and vapor and light liquid service as specified in paragraphs (a) and (b)(3) of this... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor...

40 CFR 60.482-11a - Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...-11a Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service. (a) The owner or operator... connectors in gas and vapor and light liquid service as specified in paragraphs (a) and (b)(3) of this... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor...

40 CFR 60.482-11a - Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...-11a Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service. (a) The owner or operator... connectors in gas and vapor and light liquid service as specified in paragraphs (a) and (b)(3) of this... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor...

40 CFR 63.649 - Alternative means of emission limitation: Connectors in gas/vapor service and light liquid service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... limitation: Connectors in gas/vapor service and light liquid service. 63.649 Section 63.649 Protection of...: Connectors in gas/vapor service and light liquid service. (a) If an owner or operator elects to monitor... gas/vapor service and for connectors in light liquid service. The data for the two groups of...

40 CFR 63.649 - Alternative means of emission limitation: Connectors in gas/vapor service and light liquid service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... limitation: Connectors in gas/vapor service and light liquid service. 63.649 Section 63.649 Protection of...: Connectors in gas/vapor service and light liquid service. (a) If an owner or operator elects to monitor... gas/vapor service and for connectors in light liquid service. The data for the two groups of...

40 CFR 63.649 - Alternative means of emission limitation: Connectors in gas/vapor service and light liquid service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... limitation: Connectors in gas/vapor service and light liquid service. 63.649 Section 63.649 Protection of...: Connectors in gas/vapor service and light liquid service. (a) If an owner or operator elects to monitor... gas/vapor service and for connectors in light liquid service. The data for the two groups of...

40 CFR 63.1027 - Connectors in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Standards § 63.1027 Connectors in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service standards. (a..., the owner or operator shall monitor all connectors in gas and vapor and light liquid service as... 40 Protection of Environment 10 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Connectors in gas and vapor service...

40 CFR 63.649 - Alternative means of emission limitation: Connectors in gas/vapor service and light liquid service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... limitation: Connectors in gas/vapor service and light liquid service. 63.649 Section 63.649 Protection of...: Connectors in gas/vapor service and light liquid service. (a) If an owner or operator elects to monitor... gas/vapor service and for connectors in light liquid service. The data for the two groups of...

40 CFR 63.1027 - Connectors in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Standards § 63.1027 Connectors in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service standards. (a..., the owner or operator shall monitor all connectors in gas and vapor and light liquid service as... 40 Protection of Environment 11 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Connectors in gas and vapor service...

40 CFR 63.649 - Alternative means of emission limitation: Connectors in gas/vapor service and light liquid service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... limitation: Connectors in gas/vapor service and light liquid service. 63.649 Section 63.649 Protection of...: Connectors in gas/vapor service and light liquid service. (a) If an owner or operator elects to monitor... gas/vapor service and for connectors in light liquid service. The data for the two groups of...

40 CFR 60.482-11a - Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...-11a Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service. (a) The owner or operator... connectors in gas and vapor and light liquid service as specified in paragraphs (a) and (b)(3) of this... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor...

40 CFR 60.482-11a - Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...-11a Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service. (a) The owner or operator... connectors in gas and vapor and light liquid service as specified in paragraphs (a) and (b)(3) of this... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor...

40 CFR 63.1027 - Connectors in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Standards § 63.1027 Connectors in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service standards. (a..., the owner or operator shall monitor all connectors in gas and vapor and light liquid service as... 40 Protection of Environment 11 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Connectors in gas and vapor service...

40 CFR 63.1027 - Connectors in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Standards § 63.1027 Connectors in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service standards. (a..., the owner or operator shall monitor all connectors in gas and vapor and light liquid service as... 40 Protection of Environment 11 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Connectors in gas and vapor service...

Modeling and characterization of partially inserted electrical connector faults

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tokgöz, ćaǧatay; Dardona, Sameh; Soldner, Nicholas C.; Wheeler, Kevin R.

2016-03-01

Faults within electrical connectors are prominent in avionics systems due to improper installation, corrosion, aging, and strained harnesses. These faults usually start off as undetectable with existing inspection techniques and increase in magnitude during the component lifetime. Detection and modeling of these faults are significantly more challenging than hard failures such as open and short circuits. Hence, enabling the capability to locate and characterize the precursors of these faults is critical for timely preventive maintenance and mitigation well before hard failures occur. In this paper, an electrical connector model based on a two-level nonlinear least squares approach is proposed. The connector is first characterized as a transmission line, broken into key components such as the pin, socket, and connector halves. Then, the fact that the resonance frequencies of the connector shift as insertion depth changes from a fully inserted to a barely touching contact is exploited. The model precisely captures these shifts by varying only two length parameters. It is demonstrated that the model accurately characterizes a partially inserted connector.

Cryogenic-Compatible Winchester Connector Mount and Retaining System for Composite Tubes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pontius, James; McGuffey, Douglas

2011-01-01

A connector retainer and mounting system has been designed to replace screw-mounting of Winchester connectors. Countersunk screws are normally used to secure connectors to structures, and to keep them from coming apart. These screws are normally put into threaded or through-holes in metallic structures. This unique retainer is designed such that integral posts keep the connector halves retained, and a groove permits a cable tie to be fastened around the retainer and composite tube, thus securing the connector to the structure. The system is compatible for use on cryogenic (and conventional) bonded composite tube assemblies. Screws and tapped/through-holes needed to retain and mount Winchester connectors cannot be used on blind-access composite tubes. This system allows for rapid installation, removal, low-molecular-outgassing materials, and particulate-free installation and removal. Installation and/or changes late in the integration, and test flow with limited access in a cleanroom environment are possible. No sanding or bonding is needed.

Umbilical mechanism assembly for the international space station

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mandvi, A. Ali

1996-01-01

Mechanisms for engaging and disengaging electrical and fluid line connectors are required to be operated repeatedly in hazardous or remote locations on space station, nuclear reactors, toxic chemical and undersea environments. Such mechanisms may require shields to protect the mating faces of the connectors when connectors are not engaged and move these shields out of the way during connector engagement. It is desirable to provide a force-transmitting structure to react the force required to engage or disengage the connectors. It is also desirable that the mechanism for moving the connectors and shields is reliable, simple, and the structure as lightweight as possible. With these basic requirements, an Umbilical Mechanism Assembly (UMA) was originally designed for the Space Station Freedom and now being utilized for the International Space Station.

Process for making RF shielded cable connector assemblies and the products formed thereby

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fisher, A.; Clatterbuck, C. H. (Inventor)

1973-01-01

A process for making RF shielded cable connector assemblies and the resulting structures is described. The process basically consists of potting wires of a shielded cable between the cable shield and a connector housing to fill in, support, regidize, and insulate the individual wires contained in the cable. The formed potting is coated with an electrically conductive material so as to form an entirely encompassing adhering conductive path between the cable shield and the metallic connector housing. A protective jacket is thereby formed over the conductive coating between the cable shield and the connector housing.

Comparison of Models of Stress Relaxation in Failure Analysis for Connectors under Long-term Storage

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Yilin; Wan, Mengru

2018-03-01

Reliability requirements of the system equipment under long-term storage are put forward especially for the military products, so that the connectors in the equipment also need long-term storage life correspondingly. In this paper, the effects of stress relaxation of the elastic components on electrical contact of the connectors in long-term storage process were studied from the failure mechanism and degradation models. A wire spring connector was taken as an example to discuss the life prediction method for electrical contacts of the connectors based on stress relaxation degradation under long -term storage.

Microfluidic interconnects

DOEpatents

Benett, William J.; Krulevitch, Peter A.

2001-01-01

A miniature connector for introducing microliter quantities of solutions into microfabricated fluidic devices. The fluidic connector, for example, joins standard high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) tubing to 1 mm diameter holes in silicon or glass, enabling ml-sized volumes of sample solutions to be merged with .mu.l-sized devices. The connector has many features, including ease of connect and disconnect; a small footprint which enables numerous connectors to be located in a small area; low dead volume; helium leak-tight; and tubing does not twist during connection. Thus the connector enables easy and effective change of microfluidic devices and introduction of different solutions in the devices.

The design and evaluation of superconducting connectors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Payne, J. E.

1982-01-01

The development of a superconducting connector for superconducting circuits on space flights is described. It is proposed that such connectors be used between the superconducting readout loop and the SQUID magnetometer in the Gravity Probe B experiment. Two types of connectors were developed. One type employs gold plated niobium wires making pressure connections to gold plated niobium pads. Lead-plated beryllium-copper spring contacts can replace the niobium wires. The other type is a rigid solder or weld connection between the niobium wires and the niobium pads. A description of the methods used to produce these connectors is given and their performance analyzed.

Multiple-layer printed-wiring trace connector

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pizzeck, D. E.

1977-01-01

Nickel-plated spring-steel foil connector is hollow pin, with lengthwise slit, that is inserted into improperly plated-through holes. Edges of connector make positive contact with copper pads within hole.

Confinement of NORMAL- AND HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE by Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) Spirals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gholampour, A.; Ozbakkaloglu, T.

2018-01-01

This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the axial compressive behaviour of normal- and high-strength concrete (NSC and HSC) confined by shape memory alloy (SMA) spirals. A spiral pitch space of 36 and 20 mm was used for SMA confinement of NSC and HSC columns, respectively. The confining pressure was applied on the concrete cylinders by SMA spirals that were prestrained at 0, 5.5, and 9.5%. The compression test results on the SMA-confined specimens indicate that the prestrain level of SMA significantly affects the axial compressive behaviour of both NSC and HSC. An increase in the level of prestrain leads to an increase in the peak axial stress and corresponding strain of SMA-confined concrete.

Self-centering fiber alignment structures for high-precision field installable single-mode fiber connectors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Van Erps, Jürgen; Ebraert, Evert; Gao, Fei; Vervaeke, Michael; Berghmans, Francis; Beri, Stefano; Watté, Jan; Thienpont, Hugo

2014-05-01

There is a steady increase in the demand for internet bandwidth, primarily driven by cloud services and high-definition video streaming. Europe's Digital Agenda states the ambitious objective that by 2020 all Europeans should have access to internet at speeds of 30Mb/s or above, with 50% or more of households subscribing to connections of 100Mb/s. Today however, internet access in Europe is mainly based on the first generation of broadband, meaning internet accessed over legacy telephone copper and TV cable networks. In recent years, Fiber-To-The-Home (FTTH) networks have been adopted as a replacement of traditional electrical connections for the `last mile' transmission of information at bandwidths over 1Gb/s. However, FTTH penetration is still very low (< 5%) in most major Western economies. The main reason for this is the high deployment cost of FTTH networks. Indeed, the success and adoption of optical access networks critically depend on the quality and reliability of connections between optical fibers. In particular a further reduction of insertion loss of field- installable connectors must be achieved without a significant increase in component cost. This requires precise alignment of fibers that can differ in terms of ellipticity, eccentricity or diameter and seems hardly achievable using today's widespread ferrule-based alignment systems. In this paper, we present a field-installable connector based on deflectable/compressible spring structures, providing a self-centering functionality for the fiber. This way, it can accommodate for possible fiber cladding diameter variations (the tolerance on the cladding diameter of G.652 fiber is typically +/-0.7μm). The mechanical properties of the cantilever are derived through an analytical approximation and a mathematical model of the spring constant, and finite element-based simulations are carried out to find the maximum first principal stress as well as the stress distribution distribution in the fiber alignment structure. Elastic constants of the order of 104N=m are found to be compatible with a proof stress of 70 M Pa. We show the successful prototyping of 3-spring fiber alignment structures using deep proton writing and investigate their compatibility with replication techniques such as hot embossing and injection moulding. Fiber insertion in our self-centering alignment structures is achieved by means of a dedicated interferometric setup allowing assessment of the fiber facet quality, of the fiber's position in relation to the connector's front and of the spring deformation during fiber insertion. These self-centering structures have the potential to become the basic building blocks for a new generation of field-installable connectors, ultimately breaking the current paradigm of ferrule-based connectivity requiring extensive pre-engineering and highly specialized manpower for field deployment.

Data Base On Cables And Connectors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bowen, Arlen R.; Oliver, John D.

1995-01-01

Report describes Connector Adapter Cable Information Data Base (CONNAID) computer program, managing data base containing necessary information concerning electrical connectors, breakout boxes, adapter cables, backshells, and pertinent torque specifications for engineering project.

Connector Mechanism Has Smaller Stroke

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Milam, M. Bruce

1992-01-01

System for connecting electrical and/or fluid lines includes mechanism reducing length of stroke necessary to make or break connections. Feature enables connection and disconnection in confined space, and compensates for misalignment between connectors. Connector in active member moves upward at twice the speed of downward stroke of passive member. Stroke amplified within connector system. Applications include connections between modular electronic units, coupled vehicles, and hydraulic systems.

Determining the Mechanical Properties of Lattice Block Structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilmoth, Nathan

2013-01-01

Lattice block structures and shape memory alloys possess several traits ideal for solving intriguing new engineering problems in industries such as aerospace, military, and transportation. Recent testing at the NASA Glenn Research Center has investigated the material properties of lattice block structures cast from a conventional aerospace titanium alloy as well as lattice block structures cast from nickel-titanium shape memory alloy. The lattice block structures for both materials were sectioned into smaller subelements for tension and compression testing. The results from the cast conventional titanium material showed that the expected mechanical properties were maintained. The shape memory alloy material was found to be extremely brittle from the casting process and only compression testing was completed. Future shape memory alloy lattice block structures will utilize an adjusted material composition that will provide a better quality casting. The testing effort resulted in baseline mechanical property data from the conventional titanium material for comparison to shape memory alloy materials once suitable castings are available.

The Crystal Structure of Bacteriophage HK97 gp6: Defining a Large Family of Head-Tail Connector Proteins

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cardarelli, Lia; Lam, Robert; Tuite, Ashleigh

2010-08-17

The final step in the morphogenesis of long-tailed double-stranded DNA bacteriophages is the joining of the DNA-filled head to the tail. The connector is a specialized structure of the head that serves as the interface for tail attachment and the point of egress for DNA from the head during infection. Here, we report the determination of a 2.1 {angstrom} crystal structure of gp6 of bacteriophage HK97. Through structural comparisons, functional studies, and bioinformatic analysis, gp6 has been determined to be a component of the connector of phage HK97 that is evolutionarily related to gp15, a well-characterized connector component of bacteriophagemore » SPP1. Whereas the structure of gp15 was solved in a monomeric form, gp6 crystallized as an oligomeric ring with the dimensions expected for a connector protein. Although this ring is composed of 13 subunits, which does not match the symmetry of the connector within the phage, sequence conservation and modeling of this structure into the cryo-electron microscopy density of the SPP1 connector indicate that this oligomeric structure represents the arrangement of gp6 subunits within the mature phage particle. Through sequence searches and genomic position analysis, we determined that gp6 is a member of a large family of connector proteins that are present in long-tailed phages. We have also identified gp7 of HK97 as a homologue of gp16 of phage SPP1, which is the second component of the connector of this phage. These proteins are members of another large protein family involved in connector assembly.« less

The Crystal Structure of Bacteriophage HK97 gp6: Defining a Large Family of Head-Tail Connector Proteins

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cardarelli, Lia; Lam, Robert; Tuite, Ashleigh

2011-11-23

The final step in the morphogenesis of long-tailed double-stranded DNA bacteriophages is the joining of the DNA-filled head to the tail. The connector is a specialized structure of the head that serves as the interface for tail attachment and the point of egress for DNA from the head during infection. Here, we report the determination of a 2.1 Å crystal structure of gp6 of bacteriophage HK97. Through structural comparisons, functional studies, and bioinformatic analysis, gp6 has been determined to be a component of the connector of phage HK97 that is evolutionarily related to gp15, a well-characterized connector component of bacteriophagemore » SPP1. Whereas the structure of gp15 was solved in a monomeric form, gp6 crystallized as an oligomeric ring with the dimensions expected for a connector protein. Although this ring is composed of 13 subunits, which does not match the symmetry of the connector within the phage, sequence conservation and modeling of this structure into the cryo-electron microscopy density of the SPP1 connector indicate that this oligomeric structure represents the arrangement of gp6 subunits within the mature phage particle. Through sequence searches and genomic position analysis, we determined that gp6 is a member of a large family of connector proteins that are present in long-tailed phages. We have also identified gp7 of HK97 as a homologue of gp16 of phage SPP1, which is the second component of the connector of this phage. These proteins are members of another large protein family involved in connector assembly.« less

Adequate disinfection of a split-septum needleless intravascular connector with a 5-second alcohol scrub.

PubMed

Rupp, Mark E; Yu, Stephanie; Huerta, Tomas; Cavalieri, R Jennifer; Alter, Roxanne; Fey, Paul D; Van Schooneveld, Trevor; Anderson, James R

2012-07-01

Define optimum vascular catheter connector valve disinfection practices under laboratory and clinical conditions. Prospective observational clinical survey and laboratory assessment of disinfection procedures. All adult inpatients at an academic healthcare center. In the clinical setting, contamination of needleless connectors was assessed in 6 weekly prevalence surveys in which the connector valves from central venous catheters (CVCs) in situ were cultured by pressing the connector diaphragm to an agar plate. Before culture, valves were disinfected by scrubbing the diaphragm with a 70% isopropyl alcohol pledget for 0, 5, 10, 15, or 30 seconds. In the laboratory, the diaphragms on 150 unused sterile connector valves were inoculated with 10(3), 10(5), or 10(8) colony-forming units of Staphylococcus epidermidis and allowed to dry. After disinfection of the diaphragms by scrubbing with a 70% isopropyl alcohol pledget for 0, 5, 10, 15, or 30 seconds, the valves were sampled by pressing the diaphragm to an agar plate. In the clinical setting, 363 connector valves from patients with CVCs were sampled, and 66.7% of nondisinfected valves revealed bacterial contamination. After 5-second disinfection with an alcohol pledget, only 1 (1.4%) of 71 yielded microbial growth (P < .005). In the laboratory, at the 10(3) and 10(5) inoculum, all connector valves yielded sterile cultures when scrubbed for 5 or more seconds (P < .001). At the 10(8) inoculum, 2 (20%) of 10 connector valves yielded minimal growth of S. epidermidis. A 5-second scrub with a 70% isopropyl alcohol pledget yields adequate disinfection of a split-septum intravascular catheter connector valve under clinical and laboratory conditions.

PACE: Power-Aware Computing Engines

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-02-01

more costly than compu- tation on our test platform, and it is memory access that dominates most lossless data compression algorithms . In fact, even...Performance and implementation concerns A compression algorithm may be implemented with many different, yet reasonable, data structures (including...Related work This section discusses data compression for low- bandwidth devices and optimizing algorithms for low energy. Though much work has gone

Corrosion of connectors used in equipment protecting against falls from a height

PubMed Central

Jachowicz, Marcin

2015-01-01

Connectors are commonly found in personal equipment protecting against falls from a height. They are typically used outdoors and exposed to atmospheric factors, which can result in corrosion. This article presents the results of a study involving exposure of connectors to experimental corrosive media – neutral salt spray (NSS), acid salt spray (ASS), and seawater mist (for elements made of carbon steel and non-ferrous metals) – and to experimental conditions simulating the processes of pitting, stress, and intercrystalline corrosion (for equipment made of s`tainless steel). The results indicate that the main effects of corrosion on connectors include impaired operation and reduced strength of their mobile elements. The article presents methods of testing connector operation developed for this purpose. Corrosive damage to connectors has been presented in relation to potential hazards for their users. PMID:26647950

KSC-08pd0039

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-13

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Mike Berger, with Lockheed Martin, examines the internal connector on space shuttle Atlantis' external tank to which the replacement feed-through connector in the engine cutoff, or ECO, sensor system will be attached. The replacement connector is seen below Berger's hand. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The pins in the replacement connector have been precisely soldered to create a connection that allows sensors inside the tank to send signals to the computers onboard Atlantis. The work is being done on Launch Pad 39A. Space shuttle Atlantis is now targeted for launch on Feb. 7. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

Memory Compression Techniques for Network Address Management in MPI

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Guo, Yanfei; Archer, Charles J.; Blocksome, Michael

MPI allows applications to treat processes as a logical collection of integer ranks for each MPI communicator, while internally translating these logical ranks into actual network addresses. In current MPI implementations the management and lookup of such network addresses use memory sizes that are proportional to the number of processes in each communicator. In this paper, we propose a new mechanism, called AV-Rankmap, for managing such translation. AV-Rankmap takes advantage of logical patterns in rank-address mapping that most applications naturally tend to have, and it exploits the fact that some parts of network address structures are naturally more performance criticalmore » than others. It uses this information to compress the memory used for network address management. We demonstrate that AV-Rankmap can achieve performance similar to or better than that of other MPI implementations while using significantly less memory.« less

Shrink-Fit Solderable Inserts Seal Hermetically

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Croucher, William C.

1992-01-01

Shrink-fit stainless-steel insert in aluminum equipment housing allows electrical connectors to be replaced by soldering, without degrading hermeticity of housing or connector. Welding could destroy electrostatic-sensitive components and harm housing and internal cables. Steel insert avoids problems because connector soldered directly to it rather than welded to housing. Seals between flange and housing, and between connector and flange resistant to leaks, even after mechanical overloading and thermal shocking.

Electrical Connector Mechanical Seating Sensor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Arens, Ellen; Captain, Janine; Youngquist, Robert

2011-01-01

A sensor provides a measurement of the degree of seating of an electrical connector. This sensor provides a number of discrete distances that a plug is inserted into a socket or receptacle. The number of measurements is equal to the number of pins available in the connector for sensing. On at least two occasions, the Shuttle Program has suffered serious time delays and incurred excessive costs simply because a plug was not seated well within a receptacle. Two methods were designed to address this problem: (1) the resistive pin technique and (2) the discrete length pins technique. In the resistive pin approach, a standard pin in a male connector is replaced with a pin that has a uniform resistivity along its length. This provides a variable resistance on that pin that is dependent on how far the pin is inserted into a socket. This is essentially a linear potentiometer. The discrete approach uses a pin (or a few pins) in the connector as a displacement indicator by truncating the pin length so it sits shorter in the connector than the other pins. A loss of signal on this pin would indicate a discrete amount of displacement of the connector. This approach would only give discrete values of connector displacement, and at least one pin would be needed for each displacement value that would be of interest.

Data compression strategies for ptychographic diffraction imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Loetgering, Lars; Rose, Max; Treffer, David; Vartanyants, Ivan A.; Rosenhahn, Axel; Wilhein, Thomas

2017-12-01

Ptychography is a computational imaging method for solving inverse scattering problems. To date, the high amount of redundancy present in ptychographic data sets requires computer memory that is orders of magnitude larger than the retrieved information. Here, we propose and compare data compression strategies that significantly reduce the amount of data required for wavefield inversion. Information metrics are used to measure the amount of data redundancy present in ptychographic data. Experimental results demonstrate the technique to be memory efficient and stable in the presence of systematic errors such as partial coherence and noise.

PELEC

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

2017-05-17

PeleC is an adaptive-mesh compressible hydrodynamics code for reacting flows. It solves the compressible Navier-Stokes with multispecies transport in a block structured framework. The resulting algorithm is well suited for flows with localized resolution requirements and robust to discontinuities. User controllable refinement crieteria has the potential to result in extremely small numerical dissipation and dispersion, making this code appropriate for both research and applied usage. The code is built on the AMReX library which facilitates hierarchical parallelism and manages distributed memory parallism. PeleC algorithms are implemented to express shared memory parallelism.

CWICOM: A Highly Integrated & Innovative CCSDS Image Compression ASIC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Poupat, Jean-Luc; Vitulli, Raffaele

2013-08-01

The space market is more and more demanding in terms of on image compression performances. The earth observation satellites instrument resolution, the agility and the swath are continuously increasing. It multiplies by 10 the volume of picture acquired on one orbit. In parallel, the satellites size and mass are decreasing, requiring innovative electronic technologies reducing size, mass and power consumption. Astrium, leader on the market of the combined solutions for compression and memory for space application, has developed a new image compression ASIC which is presented in this paper. CWICOM is a high performance and innovative image compression ASIC developed by Astrium in the frame of the ESA contract n°22011/08/NLL/LvH. The objective of this ESA contract is to develop a radiation hardened ASIC that implements the CCSDS 122.0-B-1 Standard for Image Data Compression, that has a SpaceWire interface for configuring and controlling the device, and that is compatible with Sentinel-2 interface and with similar Earth Observation missions. CWICOM stands for CCSDS Wavelet Image COMpression ASIC. It is a large dynamic, large image and very high speed image compression ASIC potentially relevant for compression of any 2D image with bi-dimensional data correlation such as Earth observation, scientific data compression… The paper presents some of the main aspects of the CWICOM development, such as the algorithm and specification, the innovative memory organization, the validation approach and the status of the project.

Cable tester

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rammage, Robert L.

1990-10-01

A device for sequentially testing the plurality of connectors in a wiring harness is disclosed. The harness is attached to the tester by means of adapter cables and a rotary switch is used to sequentially, individually test the connectors by passing a current through the connector. If the connector is unbroken, a light will flash to show it is electrically sound. The adapters allow a large number of cable configurations to be tested using a single tester configuration.

Debris protection cover assembly for cable connectors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yovan, Roger D. (Inventor)

1999-01-01

A protective cover assembly for an end of a cable connector having a cable housing that encloses a plurality of connective pins or sockets and that satisfies all requirements for space applications. A connector body flange is formed at the extremity of a cable and is positioned so that it may register with a corresponding connector body flange on the end of a companion cable to which a connection is to be made, one cable end having cable lead pins and the companion cable end having lead sockets with which the pins register. A latch mechanism having a latch housing is received in the connector body flange and a crank connected to a manually rotatable cap actuates a spring-loaded latch element that is engageable with a connector body flange to secure or to release the cover assembly with the simple twisting motion of the cap, thereby simplifying the task of effecting coupling and decoupling of the cable ends.

KSC-07pd3659

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-12-29

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At Launch Pad 39A, a team of external tank specialists from Lockheed Martin and the United Space Alliance undertakes the task of removing the hydrogen feed-through connector in support of space shuttle Atlantis' STS-122 mission. Here, a technician gives the connector a cleaning, removing any residual foam insulation, and begins disconnecting the connector assembly. Some of the tank's engine cutoff sensors, or ECO sensors, failed during propellant tanking for launch attempts on Dec. 6 and Dec. 9. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. After the data from additional testing on the connector is analyzed, shuttle program managers will decide on a forward plan. Launch of STS-122 is targeted for January 2008. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

The effect of illumination and electrode adjustment on the carrier behavior in special multilayer devices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deng, Yanhong; Ou, Qingdong; Wang, Jinjiang; Zhang, Dengyu; Chen, Liezun; Li, Yanqing

2017-08-01

Intermediate connectors play an important role in semiconductor devices, especially in tandem devices. In this paper, four types of different intermediate connectors (e.g. Mg:Alq3/MoO3, MoO3, Mg:Alq3, and none) and two kinds of modified electrode materials (LiF and MoO3) integrated into the special multilayer devices are proposed, with the aim of studying the impact of light illumination and electrode adjustment on the carrier behavior of intermediate connectors through the current density-voltage characteristics, interfacial electronic structures, and capacitance-voltage characteristics. The results show that the illumination enhances the charge generation and separation in intermediate connectors, and further electrode interface modifications enhance the functionality of intermediate connectors. In addition, the device with an efficient intermediate connector structure shows a photoelectric effect, which paves the way for organic photovoltaic devices to realize optical-electrical integration transformation.

Intelligent electrical harness connector assembly using Bell Helicopter Textron's 'Wire Harness Automated Manufacturing System'

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Springer, D. W.

Bell Helicopter Textron, Incorporated (BHTI) installed two Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-11 computers and an American Can Inc. Ink Jet printer in 1980 as the cornerstone of the Wire Harness Automated Manufacturing System (WHAMS). WHAMS is based upon the electrical assembly philosophy of continuous filament harness forming. This installation provided BHTI with a 3 to 1 return-on-investment by reducing wire and cable identification cycle time by 80 percent and harness forming, on dedicated layout tooling, by 40 percent. Yet, this improvement in harness forming created a bottle neck in connector assembly. To remove this bottle neck, BHTI has installed a prototype connector assembly cell that integrates the WHAMS' data base and innovative computer technologies to cut harness connector assembly cycle time. This novel connector assembly cell uses voice recognition, laser identification, and animated computer graphics to help the electrician in the correct assembly of harness connectors.

Compression in Visual Working Memory: Using Statistical Regularities to Form More Efficient Memory Representations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brady, Timothy F.; Konkle, Talia; Alvarez, George A.

2009-01-01

The information that individuals can hold in working memory is quite limited, but researchers have typically studied this capacity using simple objects or letter strings with no associations between them. However, in the real world there are strong associations and regularities in the input. In an information theoretic sense, regularities…

Hierarchical Traces for Reduced NSM Memory Requirements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dahl, Torbjørn S.

This paper presents work on using hierarchical long term memory to reduce the memory requirements of nearest sequence memory (NSM) learning, a previously published, instance-based reinforcement learning algorithm. A hierarchical memory representation reduces the memory requirements by allowing traces to share common sub-sequences. We present moderated mechanisms for estimating discounted future rewards and for dealing with hidden state using hierarchical memory. We also present an experimental analysis of how the sub-sequence length affects the memory compression achieved and show that the reduced memory requirements do not effect the speed of learning. Finally, we analyse and discuss the persistence of the sub-sequences independent of specific trace instances.

Experimental Study on Welded Headed Studs Used In Steel Plate-Concrete Composite Structures Compared with Contactless Method of Measuring Displacement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kisała, Dawid; Tekieli, Marcin

2017-10-01

Steel plate-concrete composite structures are a new innovative design concept in which a thin steel plate is attached to the reinforced concrete beam by means of welded headed studs. The comparison between experimental studies and theoretical analysis of this type of structures shows that their behaviour is dependent on the load-slip relationship of the shear connectors used to ensure sufficient bond between the concrete and steel parts of the structure. The aim of this paper is to describe an experimental study on headed studs used in steel plate-concrete composite structures. Push-out tests were carried out to investigate the behaviour of shear connectors. The test specimens were prepared according to standard push-out tests, however, instead of I-beam, a steel plate 16 mm thick was used to better reflect the conditions in the real structure. The test specimens were produced in two batches using concrete with significantly different compressive strength. The experimental study was carried out on twelve specimens. Besides the traditional measurements based on LVDT sensors, optical measurements based on the digital image correlation method (DIC) and pattern tracking methods were used. DIC is a full-field contactless optical method for measuring displacements in experimental testing, based on the correlation of the digital images taken during test execution. With respect to conventional methods, optical measurements offer a wider scope of results and can give more information about the material or construction behaviour during the test. The ultimate load capacity and load-slip curves obtained from the experiments were compared with the values calculated based on Eurocodes, American and Chinese design specifications. It was observed that the use of the relationships developed for the traditional steel-concrete composite structures is justified in the case of ultimate load capacity of shear connectors in steel plate-concrete composite structures.

Design and fabrication of advanced fiber alignment structures for field-installable fiber connectors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Van Erps, Jürgen; Vervaeke, Michael; Sánchez Martínez, Alberto; Beri, Stefano; Debaes, Christof; Watté, Jan; Thienpont, Hugo

2012-06-01

Fiber-To-The-Home (FTTH) networks have been adopted as a potential replacement of traditional electrical connections for the 'last mile' transmission of information at bandwidths over 1Gb/s. However, the success and adoption of optical access networks critically depend on the quality and reliability of connections between optical fibers. In particular a further reduction of insertion loss of field-installable connectors must be achieved without a significant increase in component cost. This requires precise alignment of fibers that can differ in terms of ellipticity, eccentricity or diameter and seems hardly achievable using today's widespread ferrule-based alignment systems. Novel low-cost structures for bare fiber alignment with outstanding positioning accuracies are strongly desired as they would allow reducing loss beyond the level achievable with ferrule-bore systems. However, the realization of such alignment system is challenging as it should provide sufficient force to position the fiber with sub-micron accuracy required in positioning the fiber. In this contribution we propose, design and prototype a bare-fiber alignment system which makes use of deflectable/compressible micro-cantilevers. Such cantilevers behave as springs and provide self-centering functionality to the structure. Simulations of the mechanical properties of the cantilevers are carried out in order to get an analytical approximation and a mathematical model of the spring constant and stress in the structure. Elastic constants of the order of 104 to 105N/m are found out to be compatible with a proof stress of 70 MPa. Finally a first self-centering structure is prototyped in PMMA using our Deep Proton Writing technology. The spring constants of the fabricated cantilevers are in the range of 4 to 6 × 104N/m and the stress is in the range 10 to 20 MPa. These self-centering structures have the potential to become the basic building blocks for a new generation of field-installable connectors.

Method and apparatus for assembling solid oxide fuel cells

DOEpatents

Szreders, B.E.; Campanella, N.

1988-05-11

This invention relates generally to solid oxide fuel power generators and is particularly directed to improvements in the assembly and coupling of solid oxide fuel cell modules. A plurality of jet air tubes are supported and maintained in a spaced matrix array by a positioning/insertion assembly for insertion in respective tubes of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) in the assembly of an SOFC module. The positioning/insertion assembly includes a plurality of generally planar, elongated, linear vanes which are pivotally mounted at each end thereof to a support frame. A rectangular compression assembly of adjustable size is adapted to receive and squeeze a matrix of SOFC tubes so as to compress the inter-tube nickel felt conductive pads which provide series/parallel electrical connection between adjacent SOFCs, with a series of increasingly larger retainer frames used to maintain larger matrices of SOFC tubes in position. Expansion of the SOFC module housing at the high operating temperatures of the SOFC is accommodated by conductive, flexible, resilient expansion, connector bars which provide support and electrical coupling at the top and bottom of the SOFC module housing. 17 figs.

Tank gauging apparatus and method

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Morris, Brian G. (Inventor)

1990-01-01

An apparatus for gauging the amount of liquid in a container of liquid and gas under low or zero gravity net conditions includes an accumulator and appropriate connector apparatus for communicating gas between the accumulator and the container. In one form of the invention, gas is removed from the container and compressed into the accumulator. The pressure and temperature of the fluid in the container is measured before and after removal of the gas; the pressure and temperature of the gas in the accumulator is measured before and after compression of the gas into the accumulator from the container. These pressure and temperature measurements are used to determine the volume of gas in the container, whereby the volume of the liquid in the container can be determined from the difference between the known volume of the container and the volume of gas in the container. Gas from the accumulator may be communicated into the container in a similar process as a verification of the gauging of the liquid volume, or as an independent process for determining the volume of liquid in the container.

Tank gauging apparatus and method

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Morris, Brian G. (Inventor)

1991-01-01

Apparatus for gauging the amount of liquid in a container of liquid and gas under flow or zero gravity net conditions includes an accumulator and appropriate connector apparatus for communicating gas between the accumulator and the container. In one form of the invention, gas is removed from the container and compressed into the accumulator. The pressure and temperature of the fluid in the container is measured before and after removal of the gas; the pressure and temperature of gas in the accumulator is measured before and after compression of the gas into the accumulator from the container. These pressure and temperature measurements are used in determining the volume of gas in the container, whereby the volume of liquid in the container can be determined from the difference between the known volume of the container and the volume of gas in the container. Gas from the accumulator may be communicated into the container in a similar process as a verification of the gauging of the liquid volume, or as an independent process for determining the volume of liquid in the container.

Study of Cu-Al-Ni-Ga as high-temperature shape memory alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Xin; Wang, Qian; Zhao, Xu; Wang, Fang; Liu, Qingsuo

2018-03-01

The effect of Ga element on the microstructure, mechanical properties and shape memory effect of Cu-13.0Al-4.0Ni- xGa (wt%) high-temperature shape memory alloy was investigated by optical microscopy, SEM, XRD and compression test. The microstructure observation results showed that the Cu-13.0Al-4.0Ni- xGa ( x = 0.5 and 1.0) alloys displayed dual-phase morphology which consisted of 18R martensite and (Al, Ga)Cu phase, and their grain size was about several hundred microns, smaller than that of Cu-13.0Al-4.0Ni alloy. The compression test results proved that the mechanical properties of Cu-13.0Al-4.0Ni- xGa alloys were improved by addition of Ga element owing to the grain refinement and solid solution strengthening, and the compressive fracture strains were 11.5% for x = 0.5 and 14.9% for x = 1.0, respectively. When the pre-strain was 8%, the shape memory effect of 4.2 and 4.6% were obtained for Cu-13.0Al-4.0Ni-0.5 Ga and Cu-13.0Al-4.0Ni-1.0 Ga alloys after being heated to 400 °C for 1 min.

Lightweight coaxial cable connector reduces signal loss

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brejcha, A. G., Jr.

1965-01-01

Connectors with milled interface surfaces for perfect electrical contact eliminate secondary- emission discharge and low signal loss in RF coaxial cables. the connectors which contain alignment and centering components for proper joint concentricity are used in communications systems designs.

Cables and connectors: A compilation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

A technological compilation on devices and techniques for various types of electrical cables and connections is presented. Data are reported under three sections: flat conductor cable technology, newly developed electrical connectors, and miscellaneous articles and information on cables and connector techniques.

An experimental study on the shear strength of FRP perfobond shear connector

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gwon, S. C.; Kim, S. H.; Yoon, S. J.; Choi, C. W.

2018-06-01

In this study, push-out tests were conducted to investigate shear behaviour of FRP perfobond shear connector. The parameters influencing shear capacity of FRP perfobond shear connector are concrete dowel effect, shear resistance effect of the laterally reinforced FRP re- bar, and frictional effect between shear connector and concrete. The specimens were designed to consider these parameters. The specimens coated with sand to increase frictional resistance between the FRP re-bar and concrete. Based on the test results and the parameters, new equation was suggested to predict shear strength of FRP perfobond shear connectors. The predicted results and the experimental results were compared to check the feasibility of prediction.

Low-Storage, Explicit Runge-Kutta Schemes for the Compressible Navier-Stokes Equations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kennedy, Chistopher A.; Carpenter, Mark H.; Lewis, R. Michael

1999-01-01

The derivation of storage explicit Runge-Kutta (ERK) schemes has been performed in the context of integrating the compressible Navier-Stokes equations via direct numerical simulation. Optimization of ERK methods is done across the broad range of properties, such as stability and accuracy efficiency, linear and nonlinear stability, error control reliability, step change stability, and dissipation/dispersion accuracy, subject to varying degrees of memory economization. Following van der Houwen and Wray, 16 ERK pairs are presented using from two to five registers of memory per equation, per grid point and having accuracies from third- to fifth-order. Methods have been assessed using the differential equation testing code DETEST, and with the 1D wave equation. Two of the methods have been applied to the DNS of a compressible jet as well as methane-air and hydrogen-air flames. Derived 3(2) and 4(3) pairs are competitive with existing full-storage methods. Although a substantial efficiency penalty accompanies use of two- and three-register, fifth-order methods, the best contemporary full-storage methods can be pearl), matched while still saving two to three registers of memory.

Motion video compression system with neural network having winner-take-all function

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fang, Wai-Chi (Inventor); Sheu, Bing J. (Inventor)

1997-01-01

A motion video data system includes a compression system, including an image compressor, an image decompressor correlative to the image compressor having an input connected to an output of the image compressor, a feedback summing node having one input connected to an output of the image decompressor, a picture memory having an input connected to an output of the feedback summing node, apparatus for comparing an image stored in the picture memory with a received input image and deducing therefrom pixels having differences between the stored image and the received image and for retrieving from the picture memory a partial image including the pixels only and applying the partial image to another input of the feedback summing node, whereby to produce at the output of the feedback summing node an updated decompressed image, a subtraction node having one input connected to received the received image and another input connected to receive the partial image so as to generate a difference image, the image compressor having an input connected to receive the difference image whereby to produce a compressed difference image at the output of the image compressor.

A Fully Integrated Wireless Compressed Sensing Neural Signal Acquisition System for Chronic Recording and Brain Machine Interface.

PubMed

Liu, Xilin; Zhang, Milin; Xiong, Tao; Richardson, Andrew G; Lucas, Timothy H; Chin, Peter S; Etienne-Cummings, Ralph; Tran, Trac D; Van der Spiegel, Jan

2016-07-18

Reliable, multi-channel neural recording is critical to the neuroscience research and clinical treatment. However, most hardware development of fully integrated, multi-channel wireless neural recorders to-date, is still in the proof-of-concept stage. To be ready for practical use, the trade-offs between performance, power consumption, device size, robustness, and compatibility need to be carefully taken into account. This paper presents an optimized wireless compressed sensing neural signal recording system. The system takes advantages of both custom integrated circuits and universal compatible wireless solutions. The proposed system includes an implantable wireless system-on-chip (SoC) and an external wireless relay. The SoC integrates 16-channel low-noise neural amplifiers, programmable filters and gain stages, a SAR ADC, a real-time compressed sensing module, and a near field wireless power and data transmission link. The external relay integrates a 32 bit low-power microcontroller with Bluetooth 4.0 wireless module, a programming interface, and an inductive charging unit. The SoC achieves high signal recording quality with minimized power consumption, while reducing the risk of infection from through-skin connectors. The external relay maximizes the compatibility and programmability. The proposed compressed sensing module is highly configurable, featuring a SNDR of 9.78 dB with a compression ratio of 8×. The SoC has been fabricated in a 180 nm standard CMOS technology, occupying 2.1 mm × 0.6 mm silicon area. A pre-implantable system has been assembled to demonstrate the proposed paradigm. The developed system has been successfully used for long-term wireless neural recording in freely behaving rhesus monkey.

Contribution of Brain Tissue Oxidative Damage in Hypothyroidism-associated Learning and Memory Impairments

PubMed Central

Baghcheghi, Yousef; Salmani, Hossein; Beheshti, Farimah; Hosseini, Mahmoud

2017-01-01

The brain is a critical target organ for thyroid hormones, and modifications in memory and cognition happen with thyroid dysfunction. The exact mechanisms underlying learning and memory impairments due to hypothyroidism have not been understood yet. Therefore, this review was aimed to compress the results of previous studies which have examined the contribution of brain tissues oxidative damage in hypothyroidism-associated learning and memory impairments. PMID:28584813

Study of electrode slice forming of bicycle dynamo hub power connector

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Dyi-Cheng; Jao, Chih-Hsuan

2013-12-01

Taiwan's bicycle industry has been an international reputation as bicycle kingdom, but the problem in the world makes global warming green energy rise, the development of electrode slice of hub dynamo and power output connector to bring new hope to bike industry. In this study connector power output to gather public opinion related to patent, basis of collected documents as basis for design, structural components in least drawn to power output with simple connector. Power output of this study objectives connector hope at least cost, structure strongest, highest efficiency in output performance characteristics such as use of computer-aided drawing software Solid works to establish power output connector parts of 3D model, the overall portfolio should be considered part types including assembly ideas, weather resistance, water resistance, corrosion resistance to vibration and power flow stability. Moreover the 3D model import computer-aided finite element analysis software simulation of expected the power output of the connector parts manufacturing process. A series of simulation analyses, in which the variables relied on first stage and second stage forming, were run to examine the effective stress, effective strain, press speed, and die radial load distribution when forming electrode slice of bicycle dynamo hub.

KSC-08pd0003

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-04

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At a lab at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, Kevin Wyckoff, an aerospace technician with the United Launch Alliance, inserts an electrical wiring harness into a replacement feed-through connector during preparations to solder the pins to the socket of the connector. The connector will later be installed in the external fuel tank for space shuttle Atlantis' STS-122 mission. The technician performed this exacting task on the Centaur upper stage for Atlas and Titan launches in 1994 and was specifically chosen for the task. Soldering the connector pins and sockets together addresses the most likely cause of a problem in the engine cutoff sensor system, or ECO system. Some of the tank's ECO sensors failed during propellant tanking for launch attempts on Dec. 6 and Dec. 9. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. After the soldering is completed and the connector is reinstalled, shuttle program managers will decide on how to proceed. The launch date for mission STS-122 is under review. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Logical Connectors, Grounding and Cognition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chen, Rong

1991-01-01

Study of a group of logical connectors in English demonstrates how the meanings of those connectors signal the grounding of the clauses they introduce in absolute terms, unlike other linguistic means of grounding performed by tense, aspect, mood, voice, or verbal categories. (14 references) (Author/CB)

Dynamic Assembly, Assessment, Assurance, and Adaptation via Heterogeneous Software Connectors

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-10-01

Versioning Connectors (MVC) Representative of runtime monitoring gauges are multiversioning gauges, which monitor and analyze different versions of...multiple versions of the same component must be merged by the connector before they are forwarded to their target components. The multiversioning

X-connectors for tubing - Feasibility study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bragg, K.; Fuhrmann, H. W.

1970-01-01

Connector tests, including 70 deg F leakage and vibration, proof pressure, burst pressure, tensility, thermal shock, high and low temperature leakage, and simultaneous high temperature vibration and leakage, prove feasibility of lightweight 0.5-in. X-connectors for 4500-lb/sq in. service pressures.

Reference Manual on Interference Seals and Connectors for Undersea Electrical Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-07-01

processes. It has a standard line of metal shell connectors, the ER and EB series, which are available with braided and laced harnass work and breakouts, and...Assemblies (RM) 4-10 4.3.2 Molded Plastic Assemblies (PM) 4-11 4.3.3 Metal Shell Assemblies (MS) 4-12 4.3.4 Pressure-balanced Oil-filled Assemblies...connectors according to material composition. The classes of connectors include: Rubber Molded (RM), Plastic Molded (PM), Metal Shell (MS), Pressure-Balanced

Piping Connector

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

A complex of high pressure piping at Stennis Space Center carries rocket propellants and other fluids/gases through the Center's Component Test Facility. Conventional clamped connectors tend to leak when propellant lines are chilled to extremely low temperatures. Reflange, Inc. customized an existing piping connector to include a secondary seal more tolerant of severe thermal gradients for Stennis. The T-Con connector solved the problem, and the company is now marketing a commercial version that permits testing, monitoring or collecting any emissions that may escape the primary seal during severe thermal transition.

Correction for Thermal EMFs in Thermocouple Feedthroughs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ziemke, Robert A.

2006-01-01

A straightforward measurement technique provides for correction of thermal-electromotive-force (thermal-EMF) errors introduced by temperature gradients along the pins of non-thermocouple-alloy hermetic feedthrough connectors for thermocouple extension wires that must pass through bulkheads. This technique is an alternative to the traditional technique in which the thermal-EMF errors are eliminated by use of custom-made multipin hermetic feedthrough connectors that contain pins made of the same alloys as those of the thermocouple extension wires. One disadvantage of the traditional technique is that it is expensive and time-consuming to fabricate multipin custom thermocouple connectors. In addition, the thermocouple-alloy pins in these connectors tend to corrode easily and/or tend to be less rugged compared to the non-thermocouple-alloy pins of ordinary connectors. As the number of thermocouples (and thus pins) is increased in a given setup, the magnitude of these disadvantages increases accordingly. The present technique is implemented by means of a little additional hardware and software, the cost of which is more than offset by the savings incurred through the use of ordinary instead of thermocouple connectors. The figure schematically depicts a typical measurement setup to which the technique is applied. The additional hardware includes an isothermal block (made of copper) instrumented with a reference thermocouple and a compensation thermocouple. The reference thermocouple is connected to an external data-acquisition system (DAS) through a two-pin thermocouple-alloy hermetic feedthrough connector, but this is the only such connector in the apparatus. The compensation thermocouple is connected to the DAS through two pins of the same ordinary multipin connector that connects the measurement thermocouples to the DAS.

An evaluation of the spring finger solder joints on SA1358-10 and SA2052-4 connector assemblies (MC3617,W87).

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kilgo, Alice C.; Vianco, Paul Thomas; Hlava, Paul Frank

2006-08-01

The SA1358-10 and SA2052-4 circular JT Type plug connectors are used on a number of nuclear weapons and Joint Test Assembly (JTA) systems. Prototype units were evaluated for the following specific defects associated with the 95Sn-5Sb (Sn-Sb, wt.%) solder joint used to attach the beryllium-copper (BeCu) spring fingers to the aluminum (Al) connector shell: (1) extended cracking within the fillet; (2) remelting of the solder joint during the follow-on, soldering step that attached the EMR adapter ring to the connector shell (and/or soldering the EMR shell to the adapter ring) that used the lower melting temperature 63Sn-37Pb (Sn-Pb) alloy; andmore » (3) spalling of the Cd (Cr) layer overplating layer from the fillet surface. Several pedigrees of connectors were evaluated, which represented older fielded units as well as those assemblies that were recently constructed at Kansas City Plant. The solder joints were evaluated that were in place on connectors made with the current soldering process as well as an alternative induction soldering process for attaching the EMR adapter ring to the shell. Very similar observations were made, which crossed the different pedigrees of parts and processes. The extent of cracking in the top side fillets varied between the different connector samples and likely the EMR adapter ring to the shell. Very similar observations were made, which crossed the different pedigrees of parts and processes. The extent of cracking in the top side fillets varied between the different connector samples and likely reflected the different extents to which the connector was mated to its counterpart assembly. In all cases, the spring finger solder joints on the SA1358-10 connectors were remelted as a result of the subsequent EMR adapter ring attachment process. Spalling of the Cd (Cr) overplating layer was also observed for these connectors, which was a consequence of the remelting activity. On the other hand, the SA2052-4 connector did not exhibit evidence of remelting of the spring finger solder joint. The Cd (Cr) layer did not show signs of spalling. These results suggested that, due to the size of the SA1358-10 connector, any of the former or current soldering processes used to attach the EMR adapter ring and/or EMR shell to the connector shell, requires a level of heat energy that will always result in the remelting of the spring finger solder joint attached with either the Sn-Ag or the Sn-Sb alloy. Lastly, it was construed that the induction soldering process, which is used to attach the EMR adapter ring onto the shell, was more likely to have caused the remelting event rather than the more localized heat source of the hand soldering iron used to attach the EMR shell to the adapter ring.« less

KSC-08pd0043

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-13

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Lloyd Johns, with Lockheed Martin, attaches the replacement feed-through connector in the engine cutoff, or ECO, sensor system to the internal connector on space shuttle Atlantis' external tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The pins in the replacement connector have been precisely soldered to create a connection that allows sensors inside the tank to send signals to the computers onboard Atlantis. The work is being done on Launch Pad 39A. Space shuttle Atlantis is now targeted for launch on Feb. 7. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

KSC-08pd0044

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-13

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Lloyd Johns, with Lockheed Martin, attaches the replacement feed-through connector in the engine cutoff, or ECO, sensor system to the internal connector on space shuttle Atlantis' external tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The pins in the replacement connector have been precisely soldered to create a connection that allows sensors inside the tank to send signals to the computers onboard Atlantis. The work is being done on Launch Pad 39A. Space shuttle Atlantis is now targeted for launch on Feb. 7. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

Low-profile fiber connector for co-packaged optics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brusberg, Lars; DeJong, Michael; Butler, Douglas L.; Clark, Jeffrey S.; Sutton, Clifford G.

2018-02-01

We developed a small form factor connector that can be assembled on all four sides of a high-data switch package for fiber connectivity. This paper discusses a novel connector approach that has the potential to meet all co-packaging requirements including solder-reflow-compatibility, de-mateability, low insertion loss and state-of-the art FAU attach. The connector was attached to the PIC for performance evaluation. The average insertion loss across all eight fibers of the assembly was 1.77 dB, including the three optical interfaces: (1) MT-to-MT between connector and receptacle, (2) receptacle-to-PLC and (3) PIC-to-FAU. Also included is the propagation loss of the PIC waveguide. Optical return loss was measured to be -55 dB or lower.

Preload-Release Mechanism For Mounting Electronics Boxes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Generoli, Robert M.; Young, Harry J.

1995-01-01

Proposed mechanism applies spring preload to electrical connector only while needed during insertion of electronics box into supporting frame. Once connector fully mated, mechanism relieves preload. As result, supporting structure sized to handle only individual load applied briefly by each connector on box during insertion.

Tool enables proper mating of accelerometer and cable connector

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Steed, C. N.

1966-01-01

Tool supports accelerometer in axial alignment with an accelerometer cable connector and permits tightening of the accelerometer to the cable connector with a torque wrench. This is done without damaging the components or permitting them to work loose under sustained, high-level vibrations.

Using Three-Dimensional Printing to Fabricate a Tubing Connector for Dilation and Evacuation.

PubMed

Stitely, Michael L; Paterson, Helen

2016-02-01

This is a proof-of-concept study to show that simple instrumentation problems encountered in surgery can be solved by fabricating devices using a three-dimensional printer. The device used in the study is a simple tubing connector fashioned to connect two segments of suction tubing used in a surgical procedure where no commercially available product for this use is available through our usual suppliers in New Zealand. A cylindrical tubing connector was designed using three-dimensional printing design software. The tubing connector was fabricated using the Makerbot Replicator 2X three-dimensional printer. The connector was used in 15 second-trimester dilation and evacuation procedures. Data forms were completed by the primary operating surgeon. Descriptive statistics were used with the expectation that the device would function as intended in all cases. The three-dimensional printed tubing connector functioned as intended in all 15 instances. Commercially available three-dimensional printing technology can be used to overcome simple instrumentation problems encountered during gynecologic surgical procedures.

Martensitic and magnetic transformation in Ni-Mn-Ga-Co ferromagnetic shape memory alloys.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cong, D. Y.; Wang, S.; Wang, Y. D.

2008-01-01

The effect of Co addition on crystal structure, martensitic transformation, Curie temperature and compressive properties of Ni{sub 53-x}Mn{sub 25}Ga{sub 22}Co{sub x} alloys with the Co content up to 14 at% was investigated. An abrupt decrease of martensitic transformation temperature was observed when the Co content exceeded 6 at.%, which can be attributed to the atomic disorder resulting from the Co addition. Substitution of Co for Ni proved efficient in increasing the Curie temperature. Compression experiments showed that the substitution of 4 at.% Co for Ni did not change the fracture strain, but lead to the increase in the compressive strengthmore » and the decrease in the yield stress. This study may offer experimental data for developing high performance ferromagnetic shape memory alloys.« less

30 CFR 18.41 - Plug and receptacle-type connectors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... electrically interlocked with an automatic circuit-interrupting device. (i) Mechanically interlocked connectors... shall be removed before the plug can be withdrawn and the electrical energy in the interlocking pilot.... (d) Molded-elastomer connectors will be acceptable provided: (1) Any free space within the plug or...

30 CFR 18.41 - Plug and receptacle-type connectors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... electrically interlocked with an automatic circuit-interrupting device. (i) Mechanically interlocked connectors... shall be removed before the plug can be withdrawn and the electrical energy in the interlocking pilot.... (d) Molded-elastomer connectors will be acceptable provided: (1) Any free space within the plug or...

30 CFR 18.41 - Plug and receptacle-type connectors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... electrically interlocked with an automatic circuit-interrupting device. (i) Mechanically interlocked connectors... shall be removed before the plug can be withdrawn and the electrical energy in the interlocking pilot.... (d) Molded-elastomer connectors will be acceptable provided: (1) Any free space within the plug or...

30 CFR 18.41 - Plug and receptacle-type connectors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... electrically interlocked with an automatic circuit-interrupting device. (i) Mechanically interlocked connectors... shall be removed before the plug can be withdrawn and the electrical energy in the interlocking pilot.... (d) Molded-elastomer connectors will be acceptable provided: (1) Any free space within the plug or...

30 CFR 18.41 - Plug and receptacle-type connectors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... electrically interlocked with an automatic circuit-interrupting device. (i) Mechanically interlocked connectors... shall be removed before the plug can be withdrawn and the electrical energy in the interlocking pilot.... (d) Molded-elastomer connectors will be acceptable provided: (1) Any free space within the plug or...

Floating device aligns blind connections

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Resel, J. E.

1966-01-01

Panel-mounted connectors overcome the misalignment of blind connectors in electronic rack mounted equipment. The connector is free to move in the vertical direction by the action of a parallelogram mount. This freedom of motion maintains the guide pin hole centerline parallel to the guide pin centerline at all times.

A simple, efficient resistance soldering apparatus

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vermillion, C. M.

1972-01-01

Multiple resistance soldering device for attaching electric leads to multiple terminal block connectors uses power source with one terminal connected to working probe, and other terminal attached to connector carrying common pins for lead insertion. Mating of male and female connectors solders each lead to individual cup pin.

Multiscale Modeling of Polycrystalline NiTi Shape Memory Alloy under Various Plastic Deformation Conditions by Coupling Microstructure Evolution and Macroscopic Mechanical Response

PubMed Central

Jiang, Shuyong; Zhou, Tao; Tu, Jian; Shi, Laixin; Chen, Qiang; Yang, Mingbo

2017-01-01

Numerical modeling of microstructure evolution in various regions during uniaxial compression and canning compression of NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) are studied through combined macroscopic and microscopic finite element simulation in order to investigate plastic deformation of NiTi SMA at 400 °C. In this approach, the macroscale material behavior is modeled with a relatively coarse finite element mesh, and then the corresponding deformation history in some selected regions in this mesh is extracted by the sub-model technique of finite element code ABAQUS and subsequently used as boundary conditions for the microscale simulation by means of crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM). Simulation results show that NiTi SMA exhibits an inhomogeneous plastic deformation at the microscale. Moreover, regions that suffered canning compression sustain more homogeneous plastic deformation by comparison with the corresponding regions subjected to uniaxial compression. The mitigation of inhomogeneous plastic deformation contributes to reducing the statistically stored dislocation (SSD) density in polycrystalline aggregation and also to reducing the difference of stress level in various regions of deformed NiTi SMA sample, and therefore sustaining large plastic deformation in the canning compression process. PMID:29027925

Multiscale Modeling of Polycrystalline NiTi Shape Memory Alloy under Various Plastic Deformation Conditions by Coupling Microstructure Evolution and Macroscopic Mechanical Response.

PubMed

Hu, Li; Jiang, Shuyong; Zhou, Tao; Tu, Jian; Shi, Laixin; Chen, Qiang; Yang, Mingbo

2017-10-13

Numerical modeling of microstructure evolution in various regions during uniaxial compression and canning compression of NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) are studied through combined macroscopic and microscopic finite element simulation in order to investigate plastic deformation of NiTi SMA at 400 °C. In this approach, the macroscale material behavior is modeled with a relatively coarse finite element mesh, and then the corresponding deformation history in some selected regions in this mesh is extracted by the sub-model technique of finite element code ABAQUS and subsequently used as boundary conditions for the microscale simulation by means of crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM). Simulation results show that NiTi SMA exhibits an inhomogeneous plastic deformation at the microscale. Moreover, regions that suffered canning compression sustain more homogeneous plastic deformation by comparison with the corresponding regions subjected to uniaxial compression. The mitigation of inhomogeneous plastic deformation contributes to reducing the statistically stored dislocation (SSD) density in polycrystalline aggregation and also to reducing the difference of stress level in various regions of deformed NiTi SMA sample, and therefore sustaining large plastic deformation in the canning compression process.

Parallel design of JPEG-LS encoder on graphics processing units

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Duan, Hao; Fang, Yong; Huang, Bormin

2012-01-01

With recent technical advances in graphic processing units (GPUs), GPUs have outperformed CPUs in terms of compute capability and memory bandwidth. Many successful GPU applications to high performance computing have been reported. JPEG-LS is an ISO/IEC standard for lossless image compression which utilizes adaptive context modeling and run-length coding to improve compression ratio. However, adaptive context modeling causes data dependency among adjacent pixels and the run-length coding has to be performed in a sequential way. Hence, using JPEG-LS to compress large-volume hyperspectral image data is quite time-consuming. We implement an efficient parallel JPEG-LS encoder for lossless hyperspectral compression on a NVIDIA GPU using the computer unified device architecture (CUDA) programming technology. We use the block parallel strategy, as well as such CUDA techniques as coalesced global memory access, parallel prefix sum, and asynchronous data transfer. We also show the relation between GPU speedup and AVIRIS block size, as well as the relation between compression ratio and AVIRIS block size. When AVIRIS images are divided into blocks, each with 64×64 pixels, we gain the best GPU performance with 26.3x speedup over its original CPU code.

46 CFR 56.30-25 - Flared, flareless, and compression fittings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Flared, flareless, and compression fittings. 56.30-25 Section 56.30-25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING... devices, and shape memory alloys. Fittings to which this section applies must be designed, constructed...

Data compression/error correction digital test system. Appendix 3: Maintenance. Book 2: Receiver assembly drawings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

The assembly drawings of the receiver unit are presented for the data compression/error correction digital test system. Equipment specifications are given for the various receiver parts, including the TV input buffer register, delta demodulator, TV sync generator, memory devices, and data storage devices.

Functional Performances of CuZnAl Shape Memory Alloy Open-Cell Foams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Biffi, C. A.; Casati, R.; Bassani, P.; Tuissi, A.

2018-01-01

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) with cellular structure offer a unique mixture of thermo-physical-mechanical properties. These characteristics can be tuned by changing the pore size and make the shape memory metallic foams very attractive for developing new devices for structural and functional applications. In this work, CuZnAl SMA foams were produced through the liquid infiltration of space holder method. In comparison, a conventional CuZn brass alloy was foamed trough the same method. Functional performances were studied on both bulk and foamed SMA specimens. Calorimetric response shows similar martensitic transformation (MT) below 0 °C. Compressive response of CuZnAl revealed that mechanical behavior is strongly affected by sample morphology and that damping capacity of metallic foam is increased above the MT temperatures. The shape memory effect was detected in the CuZnAl foams. The conventional brass shows a compressive response similar to that of the martensitic CuZnAl, in which plastic deformation accumulation occurs up to the cellular structure densification after few thermal cycles.

The mathematical theory of signal processing and compression-designs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Feria, Erlan H.

2006-05-01

The mathematical theory of signal processing, named processor coding, will be shown to inherently arise as the computational time dual of Shannon's mathematical theory of communication which is also known as source coding. Source coding is concerned with signal source memory space compression while processor coding deals with signal processor computational time compression. Their combination is named compression-designs and referred as Conde in short. A compelling and pedagogically appealing diagram will be discussed highlighting Conde's remarkable successful application to real-world knowledge-aided (KA) airborne moving target indicator (AMTI) radar.

Plug-in connector socket accepts coaxial cable end

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mitchell, D.; Van Loon, J.

1966-01-01

Connector which includes a spring-loaded contact to receive a protruding center conductor and an internal collet to clamp against a collar attached to a woven outer conductor, is used as a receptacle for the end of a coaxial cable. This plug-in connector socket is used successfully with remote manipulators.

21 CFR 870.2900 - Patient transducer and electrode cable (including connector).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Patient transducer and electrode cable (including... § 870.2900 Patient transducer and electrode cable (including connector). (a) Identification. A patient transducer and electrode cable (including connector) is an electrical conductor used to transmit signals from...

21 CFR 870.2900 - Patient transducer and electrode cable (including connector).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Patient transducer and electrode cable (including... § 870.2900 Patient transducer and electrode cable (including connector). (a) Identification. A patient transducer and electrode cable (including connector) is an electrical conductor used to transmit signals from...

21 CFR 870.2900 - Patient transducer and electrode cable (including connector).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Patient transducer and electrode cable (including... § 870.2900 Patient transducer and electrode cable (including connector). (a) Identification. A patient transducer and electrode cable (including connector) is an electrical conductor used to transmit signals from...

77 FR 35306 - Airworthiness Directives; Bell Helicopter Textron, Inc. Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-13

... assemblies (power cable assemblies). This proposed AD is prompted by the determination that the power cable assembly connector (connector) can deteriorate, causing a short in the connector that may lead to a fire. This AD would require replacing the power cable assemblies and their associated parts, and performing...

40 CFR 65.110 - Standards: Pumps, valves, connectors, and agitators in heavy liquid service; pressure relief...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., and agitators in heavy liquid service; pressure relief devices in liquid service; and instrumentation..., connectors, and agitators in heavy liquid service; pressure relief devices in liquid service; and..., valves, connectors, and agitators in heavy liquid service; pressure relief devices in light liquid or...

40 CFR 65.110 - Standards: Pumps, valves, connectors, and agitators in heavy liquid service; pressure relief...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., and agitators in heavy liquid service; pressure relief devices in liquid service; and instrumentation..., connectors, and agitators in heavy liquid service; pressure relief devices in liquid service; and..., valves, connectors, and agitators in heavy liquid service; pressure relief devices in light liquid or...

40 CFR 65.110 - Standards: Pumps, valves, connectors, and agitators in heavy liquid service; pressure relief...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., and agitators in heavy liquid service; pressure relief devices in liquid service; and instrumentation..., connectors, and agitators in heavy liquid service; pressure relief devices in liquid service; and..., valves, connectors, and agitators in heavy liquid service; pressure relief devices in light liquid or...

40 CFR 65.110 - Standards: Pumps, valves, connectors, and agitators in heavy liquid service; pressure relief...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., and agitators in heavy liquid service; pressure relief devices in liquid service; and instrumentation..., connectors, and agitators in heavy liquid service; pressure relief devices in liquid service; and..., valves, connectors, and agitators in heavy liquid service; pressure relief devices in light liquid or...

40 CFR 65.110 - Standards: Pumps, valves, connectors, and agitators in heavy liquid service; pressure relief...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., and agitators in heavy liquid service; pressure relief devices in liquid service; and instrumentation..., connectors, and agitators in heavy liquid service; pressure relief devices in liquid service; and..., valves, connectors, and agitators in heavy liquid service; pressure relief devices in light liquid or...

40 CFR 63.169 - Standards: Pumps, valves, connectors, and agitators in heavy liquid service; instrumentation...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., and agitators in heavy liquid service; instrumentation systems; and pressure relief devices in liquid...: Pumps, valves, connectors, and agitators in heavy liquid service; instrumentation systems; and pressure relief devices in liquid service. (a) Pumps, valves, connectors, and agitators in heavy liquid service...

29 CFR 1926.754 - Structural steel assembly.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... connectors on composite floors, roofs and bridge decks. When shear connectors are used in construction of composite floors, roofs and bridge decks, employees shall lay out and install the shear connectors after the... requirements of paragraph (e)(3)(i) of this section. (4) Decking gaps around columns. Wire mesh, exterior...

29 CFR 1926.754 - Structural steel assembly.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... connectors on composite floors, roofs and bridge decks. When shear connectors are used in construction of composite floors, roofs and bridge decks, employees shall lay out and install the shear connectors after the... requirements of paragraph (e)(3)(i) of this section. (4) Decking gaps around columns. Wire mesh, exterior...

29 CFR 1926.754 - Structural steel assembly.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... connectors on composite floors, roofs and bridge decks. When shear connectors are used in construction of composite floors, roofs and bridge decks, employees shall lay out and install the shear connectors after the... requirements of paragraph (e)(3)(i) of this section. (4) Decking gaps around columns. Wire mesh, exterior...

Reliable Wiring Harness

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gaspar, Kenneth C.

1987-01-01

New harness for electrical wiring includes plugs that do not loosen from vibration. Ground braids prevented from detaching from connectors and constrained so braids do not open into swollen "birdcage" sections. Spring of stainless steel encircles ground braid. Self-locking connector contains ratchet not only preventing connector from opening, but tightens when vibrated.

Electronics box having internal circuit cards interconnected to external connectors sans motherboard

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hockett, John E. (Inventor)

2005-01-01

An electronics chassis box includes a pair of opposing sidewalls, a pair of opposing end walls, a bottom surface, a top cover, and ring connectors assemblies mounted in selective ones of the walls of the electronic box. Boss members extend from the bottom surface at different heights upon which circuit cards are mounted in spatial relationship to each other. A flex interconnect substantially reduces and generally eliminates the need of a motherboard by interconnecting the circuit cards to one another and to external connectors mounted within the ring connector assemblies.

Three-Dimensional Waveguide Arrays for Coupling Between Fiber-Optic Connectors and Surface-Mounted Optoelectronic Devices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hiramatsu, Seiki; Kinoshita, Masao

2005-09-01

This paper describes the fabrication of novel surface-mountable waveguide connectors and presents test results for them. To ensure more highly integrated and low-cost fabrication, we propose new three-dimensional (3-D) waveguide arrays that feature two-dimensionally integrated optical inputs/outputs and optical path redirection. A wafer-level stack and lamination process was used to fabricate the waveguide arrays. Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) and photodiodes were directly mounted on the arrays and combined with mechanical transferable ferrule using active alignment. With the help of a flip-chip bonder, the waveguide connectors were mounted on a printed circuit board by solder bumps. Using mechanical transferable connectors, which can easily plug into the waveguide connectors, we obtained multi-gigabits-per-second transmission performance.

Photovoltaic sheathing element with a flexible connector assembly

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Langmaid, Joseph A; Keenihan, James R; Mills, Michael E

2016-07-12

The present invention is premised upon an assembly including at least a photovoltaic sheathing element capable of being affixed on a building structure, the sheathing element including at least: a photovoltaic cell assembly, a body portion attached to one or more portions of the photovoltaic cell assembly; at least a first and a second connector assembly disposed on opposing sides of the sheathing element and capable of directly or indirectly electrically connecting the photovoltaic cell assembly to at least two adjoining devices that are affixed to the building structure and wherein at least one of the connector assemblies includes amore » flexible portion; one or more connector pockets disposed in the body portion the pockets capable of receiving at least a portion of the connector assembly.« less

KSC-08pd0038

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-13

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- This closeup shows the internal connector to which the replacement feed-through connector in the engine cutoff, or ECO, sensor system on space shuttle Atlantis' external tank will be installed. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The pins in the replacement connector have been precisely soldered to create a connection that allows sensors inside the tank to send signals to the computers onboard Atlantis. The work is being done on Launch Pad 39A. Space shuttle Atlantis is now targeted for launch on Feb. 7. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

KSC-08pd0045

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-13

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Ray Clark, a Lockheed Martin engineer, completes attaching the replacement feed-through connector in the engine cutoff, or ECO, sensor system to the internal connector on space shuttle Atlantis' external tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The pins in the replacement connector have been precisely soldered to create a connection that allows sensors inside the tank to send signals to the computers onboard Atlantis. The work is being done on Launch Pad 39A. Space shuttle Atlantis is now targeted for launch on Feb. 7. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

KSC-08pd0042

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-13

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Jim Davis, a NASA quality inspector, examines the internal connector on space shuttle Atlantis' external tank to which the replacement feed-through connector in the engine cutoff, or ECO, sensor system will be attached. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The pins in the replacement connector have been precisely soldered to create a connection that allows sensors inside the tank to send signals to the computers onboard Atlantis. The work is being done on Launch Pad 39A. Space shuttle Atlantis is now targeted for launch on Feb. 7. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

Salt Spray Test to Determine Galvanic Corrosion Levels of Electroless Nickel Connectors Mounted on an Aluminum Bracket

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rolin, T. D.; Hodge, R. E.; Torres, P. D.; Jones, D. D.; Laird, K. R.

2014-01-01

During preliminary vehicle design reviews, requests were made to change flight termination systems from an electroless nickel (EN) connector coating to a zinc-nickel (ZN) plating. The reason for these changes was due to a new NASA-STD-6012 corrosion requirement where connectors must meet the performance requirement of 168 hr of exposure to salt spray. The specification for class F connectors, MIL-DTL-38999, certifies the EN coating will meet a 48-hr salt spray test, whereas the ZN is certified to meet a 168-hr salt spray test. The ZN finish is a concern because Marshall Space Flight Center has no flight experience with ZN-finished connectors, and MSFC-STD-3012 indicates that zinc and zinc alloys should not be used. The purpose of this test was to run a 168-hr salt spray test to verify the electrical and mechanical integrity of the EN connectors and officially document the results. The salt spray test was conducted per ASTM B117 on several MIL-DTL-38999 flight-like connectors mounted to an aluminum 6061-T6 bracket that was alodined. The configuration, mounting techniques, electrical checks, and materials used were typical of flight and ground support equipment.

KSC-08pd0005

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-04

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At a lab at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, Bob Arp, an aerospace technician with the United Launch Alliance, inserts a wire from an electrical harness onto the pin of a replacement feed-through connector during preparations to solder the pins to the socket of the connector. The connector will be installed in the external fuel tank for space shuttle Atlantis' STS-122 mission. The technician performed this exacting task on the Centaur upper stage for Atlas and Titan launches in 1994 and was specifically chosen for the task. Soldering the connector pins and sockets together addresses the most likely cause of a problem in the engine cutoff sensor system, or ECO system. Some of the tank's ECO sensors failed during propellant tanking for launch attempts on Dec. 6 and Dec. 9. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. After the soldering is completed and the connector is reinstalled, shuttle program managers will decide on how to proceed. The launch date for mission STS-122 is under review. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-08pd0002

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-04

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At a lab at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, Kevin Wyckoff, an aerospace technician with the United Launch Alliance, examines an electrical wiring harness. The harness will be inserted into a replacement feed-through connector during preparations to solder the pins to the socket of the connector. The connector will later be installed in the external fuel tank for space shuttle Atlantis' STS-122 mission. The technician performed this exacting task on the Centaur upper stage for Atlas and Titan launches in 1994 and was specifically chosen for the task. Soldering the connector pins and sockets together addresses the most likely cause of a problem in the engine cutoff sensor system, or ECO system. Some of the tank's ECO sensors failed during propellant tanking for launch attempts on Dec. 6 and Dec. 9. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. After the soldering is completed and the connector is reinstalled, shuttle program managers will decide on how to proceed. The launch date for mission STS-122 is under review. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Small form factor optical fiber connector evaluation for harsh environments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ott, Melanie N.; Thomes, W. Joe, Jr.; Chuska, Richard F.; Switzer, Robert; Blair, Diana E.

2011-09-01

For the past decade NASA programs have utilized the Diamond AVIM connector for optical fiber assemblies on space flight instrumentation. These connectors have been used in communications, sensing and LIDAR systems where repeatability and high performance are required. Recently Diamond has released a smaller form factor optical fiber connector called the "Mini-AVIM" which although more compact still includes the tight tolerances and the ratcheting feature of the heritage AVIM. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Photonics Group in the Parts, Packaging and Assembly Technologies Office has been performing evaluations of this connector to determine how it compares to the performance of the AVIM connector and to assess its feasibility for harsh environmental applications. Vibration and thermal testing were performed on the Mini-AVIM with both multi-mode and single-mode optical fiber using insitu optical transmission monitoring. Random vibration testing was performed using typical launch condition profiles for most NASA missions but extended to 35 Grms, which is much higher than most requirements. Thermal testing was performed incrementally up to a range of -55°C to +125°C. The test results include both unjacketed fiber and cabled assembly evaluations. The data presented here indicate that the Mini-AVIM provides a viable option for small form factor applications that require a high performance optical fiber connector.

An effective simplified model of composite compression struts for partially-restrained steel frame with reinforced concrete infill walls

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Guohua; Chuang-Sheng, Walter Yang; Gu, Qiang; DesRoches, Reginald

2018-04-01

To resolve the issue regarding inaccurate prediction of the hysteretic behavior by micro-based numerical analysis for partially-restrained (PR) steel frames with solid reinforced concrete (RC) infill walls, an innovative simplified model of composite compression struts is proposed on the basis of experimental observation on the cracking distribution, load transferring mechanism, and failure modes of RC infill walls filled in PR steel frame. The proposed composite compression struts model for the solid RC infill walls is composed of α inclined struts and main diagonal struts. The α inclined struts are used to reflect the part of the lateral force resisted by shear connectors along the frame-wall interface, while the main diagonal struts are introduced to take into account the rest of the lateral force transferred along the diagonal direction due to the complicated interaction between the steel frame and RC infill walls. This study derives appropriate formulas for the effective widths of the α inclined strut and main diagonal strut, respectively. An example of PR steel frame with RC infill walls simulating simulated by the composite inclined compression struts model is illustrated. The maximum lateral strength and the hysteresis curve shape obtained from the proposed composite strut model are in good agreement with those from the test results, and the backbone curve of a PR steel frame with RC infill walls can be predicted precisely when the inter-story drift is within 1%. This simplified model can also predict the structural stiffness and the equivalent viscous damping ratio well when the inter-story drift ratio exceeds 0.5%.

Joint Services Electronics Program Annual Progress Report.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-11-01

one symbol memory) adaptive lHuffman codes were performed, and the compression achieved was compared with that of Ziv - Lempel coding. As was expected...MATERIALS 8 4. Information Systems 9 4.1 REAL TIME STATISTICAL DATA PROCESSING 9 -. 4.2 DATA COMPRESSION for COMPUTER DATA STRUCTURES 9 5. PhD...a. Real Time Statistical Data Processing (T. Kailatb) b. Data Compression for Computer Data Structures (J. Gill) Acces Fo NTIS CRA&I I " DTIC TAB

Shape memory behavior of single and polycrystalline nickel rich nickel titanium alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaya, Irfan

NiTi is the most commonly used shape memory alloy (SMA) and has been widely used for bio-medical, electrical and mechanical applications. Nickel rich NiTi shape memory alloys are coming into prominence due to their distinct superelasticity and shape memory properties as compared to near equi-atomic NiTi shape memory alloys. Besides, their lower density and higher work output than steels makes these alloys an excellent candidate for aerospace and automotive industry. Shape memory properties and phase transformation behavior of high Ni-rich Ni54Ti46 (at.%) polycrystals and Ni-rich Ni 51Ti49 (at.%) single-crystals are determined. Their properties are sensitive to heat treatments that affect the phase transformation behavior of these alloys. Phase transformation properties and microstructure were investigated in aged Ni54Ti46 alloys with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to reveal the precipitation characteristics and R-phase formation. It was found that Ni54Ti46 has the ability to exhibit perfect superelasticity under high stress levels (~2 GPa) with 4% total strain after 550°C-3h aging. Stress independent R-phase transformation was found to be responsible for the change in shape memory behavior with stress. The shape memory responses of [001], [011] and [111] oriented Ni 51Ti49 single-crystals alloy were reported under compression to reveal the orientation dependence of their shape memory behavior. It has been found that transformation strain, temperatures and hysteresis, Classius-Clapeyron slopes, critical stress for plastic deformation are highly orientation dependent. The effects of precipitation formation and compressive loading at selected temperatures on the two-way shape memory effect (TWSME) properties of a [111]- oriented Ni51Ti49 shape memory alloy were revealed. Additionally, aligned Ni4Ti3 precipitates were formed in a single crystal of Ni51Ti49 alloy by aging under applied compression stress along the [111] direction. Formation of a single family of Ni4Ti3 precipitates were exhibited significant TWSME without any training or deformation. When the homogenized and aged specimens were loaded in martensite, positive TWSME was observed. After loading at high temperature in austenite, the homogenized specimen did not show TWSME while the aged specimen revealed negative TWSME.

Preventing central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infections: development of an antiseptic barrier cap for needleless connectors.

PubMed

Menyhay, Steve Z; Maki, Dennis G

2008-12-01

Reports of outbreaks associated with the use of needle-free valve connectors suggest 2 common risk factors: (1) poor adherence to disinfection practices before use and (2) a design that allows contamination when not in use. Swabbing a membranous septum with 70% isopropyl alcohol may not eliminate septal surface contamination. Frequent access through and handling of needle-free connectors also puts patients at increased risk of central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections (CR-BSIs). A novel antiseptic barrier cap has been designed to maintain health care worker safety and eliminate the vulnerabilities of existing systems to contamination and CR-BSIs for patients at risk. A prospective in vitro study compared the effectiveness of standard disinfection of needleless luer-activated valve connectors with 70% isopropyl alcohol and the effectiveness of an antiseptic barrier cap that, when threaded onto a luer-activated connector, rapidly sterilizes a heavily contaminated surface. Standard disinfection was done by 3- to 5-second swabbing using a sterile commercial pledget of 70% isopropyl alcohol. The antiseptic barrier cap comprises an outer cap with internal female threads and a spike inside the closed end, a capsule containing 0.25 mL of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate in 70% isopropyl alcohol, and a sponge between the septum and the capsule. When the cap is threaded onto a luer-adaptable needleless connector, the spike ruptures the capsule, saturating the sponge with the antiseptic. All 15 (100%) of the precontaminated positive control connectors not disinfected before entry showed transmission of Enterococcus faecalis across the membranous septum (4500-28,000 colony-forming units), and 20 (67%) of 30 connectors disinfected with 70% alcohol showed transmission (442-25,000 colony-forming units). Of 60 needle-free connectors disinfected with the antiseptic barrier cap, 1 (1.6%) showed transmission (P < .001). An antiseptic barrier cap was highly effective in sterilizing the septum of a needle-free valve connector and preventing entry of any microorganisms, even with heavy contamination of the septum. This new technology should now be evaluated in a clinical trial with CR-BSI as the primary outcome measure.

Decreasing the time to defibrillation: a comparative study of defibrillator electrode designs.

PubMed

Adams, Bruce D; Easty, David M; Stuffel, Elaine; Hartman, Irma

2005-08-01

Time to defibrillation (T(defib)) is the most important modifiable factor affecting survival from cardiac arrest. Mortality increases by approximately 7--10% for each minute of defibrillation delay. The purpose of this study was to determine whether defibrillator electrode design complexity affects T(defib). This was a randomized sequential design study utilizing a standardized ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest model for CPR mannequins. We evaluated two common types of defibrillator electrode models: a single connector design and a double connector design that requires an adaptor. We compared the time required by cardiac arrest team leaders to apply the two types of defibrillator electrodes to a manikin, connect them to a defibrillator, and then deliver a first defibrillatory shock. The primary outcome was time to defibrillation. The secondary outcome was difficulty of application as perceived by the physician participants on a 10 cm visual analog scale. Thirty-two residents performed a sequential assessment of both electrodes. The average T(defib) for the double connector model was 42.9s longer than that of the single connector model (87.5s versus 44.6s, p<0.001). As evaluated by the study participants, the single connector model was significantly easier to apply then the double connector model (1.3 cm versus 4.4 cm, p<0.001). The single connector defibrillator electrode design was associated with a significantly shorter T(defib) than the double connector design. It also was judged to be easier to apply in this model. Ergonomic design of defibrillator electrodes can significantly impact time to defibrillation.

Connector interchangeability

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Berilla, T.

1972-01-01

The application is discussed of the general rules of ANSI Y14.5 in designing connectors for interchangeability, and lowering costs. The general rules are applied to actural connector designs, and existing specifications are identified that (1) reject better quality products than those accepted, (2) accept products which should be rejected, and (3) impose unnecessary, nonfunctional costly requirements.

77 FR 8898 - Certain Coaxial Cable Connectors and Components Thereof and Products Containing Same; Notice of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-15

... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Investigation No. 337-TA-650] Certain Coaxial Cable Connectors and... States after importation of certain coaxial cable connectors and components thereof and products... an advisory opinion under Commission Rule 210.79 (19 CFR 210.79) that would declare that its coaxial...

A proposed adjustable RF cable connector

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stringer, E. J.; Doyle, J. D.

1973-01-01

In system that requires negligible loss, it may be necessary to adjust cable length to exact multiple of transmitted wavelength. Adjustable cable connector saves time and cost by eliminating need to add to or cut from cable. Device was especially designed for use with high frequencies. For particular application, connector of suitable dimensions should be used.

Connector acts as quick coupling in coaxial cable application

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brejcha, A. G., Jr.

1966-01-01

Quick-coupling connector whose inner shells are threaded to the cable ends and whose outer shells have tracks that register in channels machined in the inner shells are rotated 45 deg to effect a locking of the coupling. This connector faithfully reproduces excellent electrical characteristics no matter how frequently assembled and disassembled.

76 FR 68297 - Airworthiness Directives; Agusta S.p.A. (Agusta) Model AB139 and AW139 Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-04

... card assemblies. Analysis of the in-flight emergencies identified salt water and extreme moisture as... and related connectors for corrosion. If there is corrosion on the connectors, this AD requires cleaning the connectors before further flight. If there is corrosion on a module, before further flight...

40 CFR 65.108 - Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service. (a) Compliance schedule. Except as... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service. 65.108 Section 65.108 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL...

40 CFR 65.108 - Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service. (a) Compliance schedule. Except as... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service. 65.108 Section 65.108 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL...

40 CFR 65.108 - Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service. (a) Compliance schedule. Except as... 40 Protection of Environment 15 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service. 65.108 Section 65.108 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL...

40 CFR 65.108 - Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service. (a) Compliance schedule. Except as... 40 Protection of Environment 15 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service. 65.108 Section 65.108 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL...

40 CFR 65.108 - Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service. (a) Compliance schedule. Except as... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service. 65.108 Section 65.108 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL...

KSC-08pd0076

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-23

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The white foam insulation freshly reapplied to space shuttle Atlantis's external tank completes the work to remove and replace the feed-through connector on the engine cut-off, or ECO, sensor connector. The repair work was done on Atlantis while the shuttle has been on Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center. The foam was removed to enable engineers to remove and replace the ECO sensor connector on the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The pins in the replacement connector were precisely soldered to create a connection that allows sensors inside the tank to send signals to the computers onboard Atlantis. The repair work was done on Atlantis while the shuttle has been on Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center. The launch date for the shuttle's STS-122 mission has now been targeted for Feb. 7. Photo credit: NASA/Cory Husten

KSC-08pd0075

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-23

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The white foam insulation freshly reapplied to space shuttle Atlantis's external tank completes the work to remove and replace the feed-through connector on the engine cut-off, or ECO, sensor connector. The repair work was done on Atlantis while the shuttle has been on Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center. The foam was removed to enable engineers to remove and replace the ECO sensor connector on the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The pins in the replacement connector were precisely soldered to create a connection that allows sensors inside the tank to send signals to the computers onboard Atlantis. The repair work was done on Atlantis while the shuttle has been on Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center. The launch date for the shuttle's STS-122 mission has now been targeted for Feb. 7. Photo credit: NASA/Cory Husten

Intermediate connector for stacked organic light emitting devices

DOEpatents

D& #x27; Andrade, Brian

2013-02-12

A device is provided, having an anode, a cathode, and an intermediate connector disposed between the anode and the cathode. A first organic layer including an emissive sublayer is disposed between the anode and the intermediate connector, and a second including an emissive sublayer is disposed between the intermediate connector and the cathode. The intermediate connector includes a first metal having a work function lower than 4.0 eV and a second metal having a work function lower than 5.0 eV. The work function of the first metal is at least 0.5 eV less than the work function of the second metal. The first metal is in contact with a sublayer of the second organic layer that includes a material well adapted to receive holes from a low work function metal.

KSC-08pd0066

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-17

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- On Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, foam is being replaced around the engine cutoff, or ECO, sensor system connector and wiring on space shuttle Atlantis' external tank. The foam was removed to enable engineers to remove and replace a feed-through ECO sensor connector on the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The pins in the replacement connector were precisely soldered to create a connection that allows sensors inside the tank to send signals to the computers onboard Atlantis. The launch date for the shuttle's STS-122 mission has now been targeted for Feb. 7. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-08pd0067

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-17

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- On Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, foam is being replaced around the engine cutoff, or ECO, sensor system connector and wiring on space shuttle Atlantis' external tank. The foam was removed to enable engineers to remove and replace a feed-through ECO sensor connector on the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The pins in the replacement connector were precisely soldered to create a connection that allows sensors inside the tank to send signals to the computers onboard Atlantis. The launch date for the shuttle's STS-122 mission has now been targeted for Feb. 7. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Image display device in digital TV

DOEpatents

Choi, Seung Jong [Seoul, KR

2006-07-18

Disclosed is an image display device in a digital TV that is capable of carrying out the conversion into various kinds of resolution by using single bit map data in the digital TV. The image display device includes: a data processing part for executing bit map conversion, compression, restoration and format-conversion for text data; a memory for storing the bit map data obtained according to the bit map conversion and compression in the data processing part and image data inputted from an arbitrary receiving part, the receiving part receiving one of digital image data and analog image data; an image outputting part for reading the image data from the memory; and a display processing part for mixing the image data read from the image outputting part and the bit map data converted in format from the a data processing part. Therefore, the image display device according to the present invention can convert text data in such a manner as to correspond with various resolution, carry out the compression for bit map data, thereby reducing the memory space, and support text data of an HTML format, thereby providing the image with the text data of various shapes.

Rendering of 3D-wavelet-compressed concentric mosaic scenery with progressive inverse wavelet synthesis (PIWS)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Yunnan; Luo, Lin; Li, Jin; Zhang, Ya-Qin

2000-05-01

The concentric mosaics offer a quick solution to the construction and navigation of a virtual environment. To reduce the vast data amount of the concentric mosaics, a compression scheme based on 3D wavelet transform has been proposed in a previous paper. In this work, we investigate the efficient implementation of the renderer. It is preferable not to expand the compressed bitstream as a whole, so that the memory consumption of the renderer can be reduced. Instead, only the data necessary to render the current view are accessed and decoded. The progressive inverse wavelet synthesis (PIWS) algorithm is proposed to provide the random data access and to reduce the calculation for the data access requests to a minimum. A mixed cache is used in PIWS, where the entropy decoded wavelet coefficient, intermediate result of lifting and fully synthesized pixel are all stored at the same memory unit because of the in- place calculation property of the lifting implementation. PIWS operates with a finite state machine, where each memory unit is attached with a state to indicate what type of content is currently stored. The computational saving achieved by PIWS is demonstrated with extensive experiment results.

Electronic firing systems and methods for firing a device

DOEpatents

Frickey, Steven J [Boise, ID; Svoboda, John M [Idaho Falls, ID

2012-04-24

An electronic firing system comprising a control system, a charging system, an electrical energy storage device, a shock tube firing circuit, a shock tube connector, a blasting cap firing circuit, and a blasting cap connector. The control system controls the charging system, which charges the electrical energy storage device. The control system also controls the shock tube firing circuit and the blasting cap firing circuit. When desired, the control system signals the shock tube firing circuit or blasting cap firing circuit to electrically connect the electrical energy storage device to the shock tube connector or the blasting cap connector respectively.

Vibration Performance Comparison Study on Current Fiber Optic Connector Technologies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ott, Melanie N.; Thomes Jr., William J.; LaRocca, Frank V.; Switzer, Robert C.; Chuska, Rick F.; Macmurphy, Shawn L.

2008-01-01

Fiber optic cables are increasingly being used in harsh environments where they are subjected to vibration. Understanding the degradation in performance under these conditions is essential for integration of the fibers into the given application. System constraints oftentimes require fiber optic connectors so subsystems can be removed or assembled as needed. In the present work, various types of fiber optic connectors were monitored in-situ during vibration testing to examine the transient change in optical transmission and the steady-state variation following the event. Inspection of the fiber endfaces and connectors was performed at chosen intervals throughout the testing.

Material morphology and electrical resistivity differences in EPDM rubbers.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yang, Nancy Y. C.; Domeier, Linda A.

2008-03-01

Electrical resistance anomalies noted in EPDM gaskets have been attributed to zinc-enriched surface sublayers, about 10-{micro}m thick, in the sulfur cured rubber material. Gasket over-compression provided the necessary connector pin contact and was also found to cause surprising morphological changes on the gasket surfaces. These included distributions of zinc oxide whiskers in high pressure gasket areas and cone-shaped features rich in zinc, oxygen, and sulfur primarily in low pressure protruding gasket areas. Such whiskers and cones were only found on the pin side of the gaskets in contact with a molded plastic surface and not on the back side inmore » contact with an aluminum surface. The mechanisms by which such features are formed have not yet been defined.« less

tranSMART-XNAT Connector tranSMART-XNAT connector-image selection based on clinical phenotypes and genetic profiles.

PubMed

He, Sijin; Yong, May; Matthews, Paul M; Guo, Yike

2017-03-01

TranSMART has a wide range of functionalities for translational research and a large user community, but it does not support imaging data. In this context, imaging data typically includes 2D or 3D sets of magnitude data and metadata information. Imaging data may summarise complex feature descriptions in a less biased fashion than user defined plain texts and numeric numbers. Imaging data also is contextualised by other data sets and may be analysed jointly with other data that can explain features or their variation. Here we describe the tranSMART-XNAT Connector we have developed. This connector consists of components for data capture, organisation and analysis. Data capture is responsible for imaging capture either from PACS system or directly from an MRI scanner, or from raw data files. Data are organised in a similar fashion as tranSMART and are stored in a format that allows direct analysis within tranSMART. The connector enables selection and download of DICOM images and associated resources using subjects' clinical phenotypic and genotypic criteria. tranSMART-XNAT connector is written in Java/Groovy/Grails. It is maintained and available for download at https://github.com/sh107/transmart-xnat-connector.git. sijin@ebi.ac.uk. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com

Calibration of optimal use parameters for an ultraviolet light-emitting diode in eliminating bacterial contamination on needleless connectors.

PubMed

Hutchens, M P; Drennan, S L; Cambronne, E D

2015-06-01

Needleless connectors may develop bacterial contamination and cause central-line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) despite rigorous application of best-practice. Ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diodes (LED) are an emerging, increasingly affordable disinfection technology. We tested the hypothesis that a low-power UV LED could reliably eliminate bacteria on needleless central-line ports in a laboratory model of central-line contamination. Needleless central-line connectors were inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus. A 285 nm UV LED was used in calibrated fashion to expose contaminated connectors. Ports were directly applied to agar plates and flushed with sterile saline, allowing assessment of bacterial survival on the port surface and in simulated usage flow-through fluid. UV applied to needleless central-line connectors was highly lethal at 0·5 cm distance at all tested exposure times. At distances >1·5 cm both simulated flow-through and port surface cultures demonstrated significant bacterial growth following UV exposure. Logarithmic-phase S. aureus subcultures were highly susceptible to UV induction/maintenance dosing. Low-power UV LED doses at fixed time and distance from needleless central-line connector ports reduced cultivable S. aureus from >10(6) CFU to below detectable levels in this laboratory simulation of central-line port contamination. Low-power UV LEDs may represent a feasible alternative to current best-practice in connector decontamination. © 2015 The Society for Applied Microbiology.

The Performance of Wavelets for Data Compression in Selected Military Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-02-23

reported. 14. SUBJECT TERMS IS. NUMBER OF PAGES 56 16. PRICE CODE 17. SICURITY CLASSIFICATION I lL SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 19. SECURITY CLASSIF4CATION 20...compression ratio is conservative in the sense that it understates the theoretical compression ratio by taking into account the actual memory...effect of reducing the compresion ratios quoted in the table by the factor 7.8/8.0 = 0.975. AWARE, Inc. 14 registration was then calculated for each

Preliminary evaluation of hermetic JT/LJT/R P connector socket contact design

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Baca, J.R.F.

1991-10-01

This report presents a precursory examination of a number of issues pertaining to socket contacts in hermetic connectors. The principal issues addressed are high-contact resistance and contact chatter (circuit discontinuities). Efforts examining the characteristics of the existing socket contact design, the possibility of connector/contact rework, quick-fix solutions, and contact redesigns are summarized.

Easily disassembled electrical connector for high voltage, high frequency connections

DOEpatents

Milner, Joseph R.

1994-01-01

An easily accessible electrical connector capable of rapid assembly and disassembly wherein a wide metal conductor sheet may be evenly contacted over the entire width of the conductor sheet by opposing surfaces on the connector which provide an even clamping pressure against opposite surfaces of the metal conductor sheet using a single threaded actuating screw.

40 CFR 63.1008 - Connectors in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... § 63.1008 Connectors in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service standards. (a) Compliance... 40 Protection of Environment 11 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Connectors in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service standards. 63.1008 Section 63.1008 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL...

40 CFR 63.1008 - Connectors in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... § 63.1008 Connectors in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service standards. (a) Compliance... 40 Protection of Environment 11 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Connectors in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service standards. 63.1008 Section 63.1008 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL...

40 CFR 63.1008 - Connectors in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... § 63.1008 Connectors in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service standards. (a) Compliance... 40 Protection of Environment 10 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Connectors in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service standards. 63.1008 Section 63.1008 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL...

40 CFR 63.174 - Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Equipment Leaks § 63.174 Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service. (a) The... 40 Protection of Environment 10 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service. 63.174 Section 63.174 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL...

40 CFR 63.174 - Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Equipment Leaks § 63.174 Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service. (a) The... 40 Protection of Environment 10 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service. 63.174 Section 63.174 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL...

40 CFR 63.1008 - Connectors in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... § 63.1008 Connectors in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service standards. (a) Compliance... 40 Protection of Environment 11 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Connectors in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service standards. 63.1008 Section 63.1008 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL...

40 CFR 63.174 - Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Equipment Leaks § 63.174 Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service. (a) The... 40 Protection of Environment 10 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service. 63.174 Section 63.174 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL...

40 CFR 63.174 - Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Equipment Leaks § 63.174 Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service. (a) The... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service. 63.174 Section 63.174 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL...

40 CFR 63.174 - Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Equipment Leaks § 63.174 Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service. (a) The... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Standards: Connectors in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service. 63.174 Section 63.174 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL...

40 CFR 63.1008 - Connectors in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... § 63.1008 Connectors in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service standards. (a) Compliance... 40 Protection of Environment 10 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Connectors in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service standards. 63.1008 Section 63.1008 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL...

Effect of polishing conditions on terminating optical connectors with spherical convex polished ends

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Samuel I.-En

2002-01-01

Increased demand for fiber-optic technology has created significant growth in the sales of interconnection devices such as fiber-optic connectors, cable assemblies, and adapters. To ensure good connector performance during actual use, several process parameters related to geometric and optical characteristics of the connector must be thoroughly understood during the manufacturing stage. The experimental design has been used here to see the influence of applied pressure and time on the fiber end geometry as well as optical performance. The mathematical model is also applied to explain the phenomena of the present fiber undercut-reflectance relation. By a proper choice of polishing film grit size and processing conditions, it is possible to obtain fiber connectors with less fiber undercut and better return loss. Influences of film grit size and rubber-pad thickness on the reflectance and the fiber undercut are also presented.

KSC-07pd3657

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-12-29

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At Launch Pad 39A, a team of external tank specialists from Lockheed Martin and the United Space Alliance undertakes the task of removing the hydrogen feed-through connector in support of space shuttle Atlantis' STS-122 mission. Here, a technician cuts the external connector cable. Some of the tank's engine cutoff sensors, or ECO sensors, failed during propellant tanking for launch attempts on Dec. 6 and Dec. 9. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. After the data from additional testing on the connector is analyzed, shuttle program managers will decide on a forward plan. Launch of STS-122 is targeted for January 2008. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

KSC-07pd3666

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-12-30

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At Launch Pad 39A, a team of external tank specialists from Lockheed Martin and the United Space Alliance undertakes the task of removing the hydrogen feed-through connector in support of space shuttle Atlantis' STS-122 mission. Here, technicians wrap the connector for transport to NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala., for further cryogenic testing. Some of the tank's engine cutoff sensors, or ECO sensors, failed during propellant tanking for launch attempts on Dec. 6 and Dec. 9. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. After the data from additional testing on the connector is analyzed, shuttle program managers will decide on a forward plan. Launch of STS-122 is targeted for January 2008. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

KSC-07pd3665

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-12-30

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At Launch Pad 39A, a team of external tank specialists from Lockheed Martin and the United Space Alliance undertakes the task of removing the hydrogen feed-through connector in support of space shuttle Atlantis' STS-122 mission. Here, technicians wrap the connector for transport to NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala., for further cryogenic testing. Some of the tank's engine cutoff sensors, or ECO sensors, failed during propellant tanking for launch attempts on Dec. 6 and Dec. 9. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. After the data from additional testing on the connector is analyzed, shuttle program managers will decide on a forward plan. Launch of STS-122 is targeted for January 2008. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

KSC-07pd3661

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-12-29

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At Launch Pad 39A, a team of external tank specialists from Lockheed Martin and the United Space Alliance undertakes the task of removing the hydrogen feed-through connector in support of space shuttle Atlantis' STS-122 mission. Here, technicians set up equipment that will be used to take X-rays of the connector cable. Some of the tank's engine cutoff sensors, or ECO sensors, failed during propellant tanking for launch attempts on Dec. 6 and Dec. 9. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. After the data from additional testing on the connector is analyzed, shuttle program managers will decide on a forward plan. Launch of STS-122 is targeted for January 2008. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

KSC-07pd3664

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-12-30

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At Launch Pad 39A, a team of external tank specialists from Lockheed Martin and the United Space Alliance undertakes the task of removing the hydrogen feed-through connector in support of space shuttle Atlantis' STS-122 mission. Here, a technician inspects the connector just removed from the external tank. Some of the tank's engine cutoff sensors, or ECO sensors, failed during propellant tanking for launch attempts on Dec. 6 and Dec. 9. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. After the data from additional testing on the connector is analyzed, shuttle program managers will decide on a forward plan. Launch of STS-122 is targeted for January 2008. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

KSC-07pd3663

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-12-30

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At Launch Pad 39A, a team of external tank specialists from Lockheed Martin and the United Space Alliance undertakes the task of removing the hydrogen feed-through connector in support of space shuttle Atlantis' STS-122 mission. Here, a technician demates the connector from the external tank. Some of the tank's engine cutoff sensors, or ECO sensors, failed during propellant tanking for launch attempts on Dec. 6 and Dec. 9. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. After the data from additional testing on the connector is analyzed, shuttle program managers will decide on a forward plan. Launch of STS-122 is targeted for January 2008. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

KSC-07pd3662

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-12-30

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At Launch Pad 39A, a team of external tank specialists from Lockheed Martin and the United Space Alliance undertakes the task of removing the hydrogen feed-through connector in support of space shuttle Atlantis' STS-122 mission. Here, a technician disconnects the connector before it is demated from the external tank. Some of the tank's engine cutoff sensors, or ECO sensors, failed during propellant tanking for launch attempts on Dec. 6 and Dec. 9. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. After the data from additional testing on the connector is analyzed, shuttle program managers will decide on a forward plan. Launch of STS-122 is targeted for January 2008. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

Expanded beam non-imaging fiber optic connector

DOEpatents

Jannson, Tommasz; Jannson, Joanna; Yeung, Peter

1990-01-01

There is disclosed an expanded beam fiber to fiber connector, based on non-imaging optic principles for coupling light beams from one optical fiber to another. The system consists of two identical connector parts, referred to herein as a collimating part and a concentrating part, each having a preferred partially curved reflective boundary surface for minimizing power loss and surrounding either a hollow space or a space filled with a uniform transparent medium. In one embodiment the boundary is metallic while in a second embodiment the boundary is in the form of an interface allowing total internal reflection. In both the hollow and filled case a lens may be located at the expanded end of both the collimater part and the concentrator part forming the connector. The connector is preferably located in a housing in order to protect and preserve the mechanical stability of the coupler.

Expanded beam non-imaging fiber optic connector

DOEpatents

Jannson, T.; Jannson, J.; Yeung, P.

1990-02-06

There is disclosed an expanded beam fiber to fiber connector, based on non-imaging optic principles for coupling light beams from one optical fiber to another. The system consists of two identical connector parts, referred to herein as a collimating part and a concentrating part, each having a preferred partially curved reflective boundary surface for minimizing power loss and surrounding either a hollow space or a space filled with a uniform transparent medium. In one embodiment the boundary is metallic while in a second embodiment the boundary is in the form of an interface allowing total internal reflection. In both the hollow and filled case a lens may be located at the expanded end of both the collimator part and the concentrator part forming the connector. The connector is preferably located in a housing in order to protect and preserve the mechanical stability of the coupler. 13 figs.

KSC-07pd3660

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-12-29

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At Launch Pad 39A, a team of external tank specialists from Lockheed Martin and the United Space Alliance undertakes the task of removing the hydrogen feed-through connector in support of space shuttle Atlantis' STS-122 mission. Here, a technician pulls the connector assembly, with its associated electrical harness, away from the tank. Some of the tank's engine cutoff sensors, or ECO sensors, failed during propellant tanking for launch attempts on Dec. 6 and Dec. 9. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. After the data from additional testing on the connector is analyzed, shuttle program managers will decide on a forward plan. Launch of STS-122 is targeted for January 2008. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

KSC-08pd0062

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-16

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- On Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, foam insulation is being trimmed for placement around the engine cutoff, or ECO, sensor system connector and wiring on space shuttle Atlantis' external tank. The foam was removed to enable engineers to remove and replace a feed-through ECO sensor connector on the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The pins in the replacement connector were precisely soldered to create a connection that allows sensors inside the tank to send signals to the computers onboard Atlantis. The launch date for the shuttle's STS-122 mission has now been targeted for Feb. 7. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-08pd0064

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-16

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- On Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, foam insulation is being trimmed for placement around the engine cutoff, or ECO, sensor system connector and wiring on space shuttle Atlantis' external tank. The foam was removed to enable engineers to remove and replace a feed-through ECO sensor connector on the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The pins in the replacement connector were precisely soldered to create a connection that allows sensors inside the tank to send signals to the computers onboard Atlantis. The launch date for the shuttle's STS-122 mission has now been targeted for Feb. 7. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-08pd0063

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-16

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- On Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, foam insulation is being trimmed for placement around the engine cutoff, or ECO, sensor system connector and wiring on space shuttle Atlantis' external tank. The foam was removed to enable engineers to remove and replace a feed-through ECO sensor connector on the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The pins in the replacement connector were precisely soldered to create a connection that allows sensors inside the tank to send signals to the computers onboard Atlantis. The launch date for the shuttle's STS-122 mission has now been targeted for Feb. 7. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-08pd0068

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-17

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- On Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, a technician trims foam placed around the engine cutoff, or ECO, sensor system connector and wiring on space shuttle Atlantis' external tank. The foam was removed to enable engineers to remove and replace a feed-through ECO sensor connector on the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The pins in the replacement connector were precisely soldered to create a connection that allows sensors inside the tank to send signals to the computers onboard Atlantis. The launch date for the shuttle's STS-122 mission has now been targeted for Feb. 7. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-08pd0065

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-16

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- On Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, foam insulation is being trimmed for placement around the engine cutoff, or ECO, sensor system connector and wiring on space shuttle Atlantis' external tank. The foam was removed to enable engineers to remove and replace a feed-through ECO sensor connector on the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The pins in the replacement connector were precisely soldered to create a connection that allows sensors inside the tank to send signals to the computers onboard Atlantis. The launch date for the shuttle's STS-122 mission has now been targeted for Feb. 7. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Electromagnetic emission memory phenomena related to LiF ionic crystal deformation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mavromatou, C.; Tombras, G. S.; Ninos, D.; Hadjicontis, V.

2008-04-01

During the uniaxial compression of LiF ionic monocrystals, acoustic and electromagnetic emissions (EME) are detected. We observed that when the compression is performed in successive loading, unloading cycles and these emissions are being monitored, no new emissions will occur unless the maximum stress of the previous cycle is exceeded, meaning that the material presents memory characteristics. This is observed not only for the acoustic emission (AE), which is the well known Kaiser effect, but for the EME as well. In other words, the material appears to memorize and reveal the previously maximum stress it suffered while being deformed. The importance of an electromagnetic memory feature of a material can be related to various applications in material science, especially when the detection of AE is not feasible or gives false alert. Such cases may very well be earthquakes' predictive indications, monitoring of mines' stability, imminent landslides, etc.

Vector generator scan converter

DOEpatents

Moore, James M.; Leighton, James F.

1990-01-01

High printing speeds for graphics data are achieved with a laser printer by transmitting compressed graphics data from a main processor over an I/O (input/output) channel to a vector generator scan converter which reconstructs a full graphics image for input to the laser printer through a raster data input port. The vector generator scan converter includes a microprocessor with associated microcode memory containing a microcode instruction set, a working memory for storing compressed data, vector generator hardward for drawing a full graphic image from vector parameters calculated by the microprocessor, image buffer memory for storing the reconstructed graphics image and an output scanner for reading the graphics image data and inputting the data to the printer. The vector generator scan converter eliminates the bottleneck created by the I/O channel for transmitting graphics data from the main processor to the laser printer, and increases printer speed up to thirty fold.

Vector generator scan converter

DOEpatents

Moore, J.M.; Leighton, J.F.

1988-02-05

High printing speeds for graphics data are achieved with a laser printer by transmitting compressed graphics data from a main processor over an I/O channel to a vector generator scan converter which reconstructs a full graphics image for input to the laser printer through a raster data input port. The vector generator scan converter includes a microprocessor with associated microcode memory containing a microcode instruction set, a working memory for storing compressed data, vector generator hardware for drawing a full graphic image from vector parameters calculated by the microprocessor, image buffer memory for storing the reconstructed graphics image and an output scanner for reading the graphics image data and inputting the data to the printer. The vector generator scan converter eliminates the bottleneck created by the I/O channel for transmitting graphics data from the main processor to the laser printer, and increases printer speed up to thirty fold. 7 figs.

Design of a Variational Multiscale Method for Turbulent Compressible Flows

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Diosady, Laslo Tibor; Murman, Scott M.

2013-01-01

A spectral-element framework is presented for the simulation of subsonic compressible high-Reynolds-number flows. The focus of the work is maximizing the efficiency of the computational schemes to enable unsteady simulations with a large number of spatial and temporal degrees of freedom. A collocation scheme is combined with optimized computational kernels to provide a residual evaluation with computational cost independent of order of accuracy up to 16th order. The optimized residual routines are used to develop a low-memory implicit scheme based on a matrix-free Newton-Krylov method. A preconditioner based on the finite-difference diagonalized ADI scheme is developed which maintains the low memory of the matrix-free implicit solver, while providing improved convergence properties. Emphasis on low memory usage throughout the solver development is leveraged to implement a coupled space-time DG solver which may offer further efficiency gains through adaptivity in both space and time.

Shape Memory Silk Protein Sponges for Minimally Invasive Tissue Regeneration.

PubMed

Brown, Joseph E; Moreau, Jodie E; Berman, Alison M; McSherry, Heather J; Coburn, Jeannine M; Schmidt, Daniel F; Kaplan, David L

2017-01-01

Porous silk protein scaffolds are designed to display shape memory characteristics and volumetric recovery following compression. Two strategies are utilized to realize shape recovery: addition of hygroscopic plasticizers like glycerol, and tyrosine modifications with hydrophilic sulfonic acid chemistries. Silk sponges are evaluated for recovery following 80% compressive strain, total porosity, pore size distribution, secondary structure development, in vivo volume retention, cell infiltration, and inflammatory responses. Glycerol-modified sponges recover up to 98.3% of their original dimensions following compression, while sulfonic acid/glycerol modified sponges swell in water up to 71 times their compressed volume, well in excess of their original size. Longer silk extraction times (lower silk molecular weights) and higher glycerol concentrations yielded greater flexibility and shape fidelity, with no loss in modulus following compression. Sponges are over 95% porous, with secondary structure analysis indicating glycerol-induced β-sheet physical crosslinking. Tyrosine modifications with sulfonic acid interfere with β-sheet formation. Glycerol-modified sponges exhibit improved rates of cellular infiltration at subcutaneous implant sites with minimal immune response in mice. They also degrade more rapidly than unmodified sponges, a result posited to be cell-mediated. Overall, this work suggests that silk sponges may be useful for minimally invasive deployment in soft tissue augmentation procedures. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

System considerations for efficient communication and storage of MSTI image data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rice, Robert F.

1994-01-01

The Ballistic Missile Defense Organization has been developing the capability to evaluate one or more high-rate sensor/hardware combinations by incorporating them as payloads on a series of Miniature Seeker Technology Insertion (MSTI) flights. This publication represents the final report of a 1993 study to analyze the potential impact f data compression and of related communication system technologies on post-MSTI 3 flights. Lossless compression is considered alone and in conjunction with various spatial editing modes. Additionally, JPEG and Fractal algorithms are examined in order to bound the potential gains from the use of lossy compression. but lossless compression is clearly shown to better fit the goals of the MSTI investigations. Lossless compression factors of between 2:1 and 6:1 would provide significant benefits to both on-board mass memory and the downlink. for on-board mass memory, the savings could range from $5 million to $9 million. Such benefits should be possible by direct application of recently developed NASA VLSI microcircuits. It is shown that further downlink enhancements of 2:1 to 3:1 should be feasible thorough use of practical modifications to the existing modulation system and incorporation of Reed-Solomon channel coding. The latter enhancement could also be achieved by applying recently developed VLSI microcircuits.

Vertical Object Layout and Compression for Fixed Heaps

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Titzer, Ben L.; Palsberg, Jens

Research into embedded sensor networks has placed increased focus on the problem of developing reliable and flexible software for microcontroller-class devices. Languages such as nesC [10] and Virgil [20] have brought higher-level programming idioms to this lowest layer of software, thereby adding expressiveness. Both languages are marked by the absence of dynamic memory allocation, which removes the need for a runtime system to manage memory. While nesC offers code modules with statically allocated fields, arrays and structs, Virgil allows the application to allocate and initialize arbitrary objects during compilation, producing a fixed object heap for runtime. This paper explores techniques for compressing fixed object heaps with the goal of reducing the RAM footprint of a program. We explore table-based compression and introduce a novel form of object layout called vertical object layout. We provide experimental results that measure the impact on RAM size, code size, and execution time for a set of Virgil programs. Our results show that compressed vertical layout has better execution time and code size than table-based compression while achieving more than 20% heap reduction on 6 of 12 benchmark programs and 2-17% heap reduction on the remaining 6. We also present a formalization of vertical object layout and prove tight relationships between three styles of object layout.

2005 10th Annual Expeditionary Conference

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-10-27

HIGH SPEED CONNECTORS/ SHIP INTERFACES PAUL BISHOP COALESCENT – BISHOP GROUP CO-DIRECTOR LOGISTICS Study Team 5 Bill...Force (CLF) 5. Connectors: High Speed Ship (HSS), High Speed Vessel (HSV), Assault Connectors (LCAC, EFV) 6. Sister Service and Coalition Force Ships ...of wartime cargo moves by ship Theater port infrastructure is critical to off-loading ships UNCLASSIFIED (U) Create a port Augment an established

Easily disassembled electrical connector for high voltage, high frequency connections

DOEpatents

Milner, J.R.

1994-05-10

An easily accessible electrical connector capable of rapid assembly and disassembly is described wherein a wide metal conductor sheet may be evenly contacted over the entire width of the conductor sheet by opposing surfaces on the connector which provide an even clamping pressure against opposite surfaces of the metal conductor sheet using a single threaded actuating screw. 13 figures.

Umbilical mechanism

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barron, Daniel R. (Inventor); Jasulaitis, Vytas (Inventor); Morrill, Brion F. (Inventor)

1995-01-01

Apparatus is described for automatically mating a pair of connectors and protecting them prior to mating, which minimizes weight and uses relatively simple and reliable mechanisms. Lower and upper connectors (24, 26) are held in lower and upper parts (14, 16) of a housing, with the upper connector mounted on a carrier (32) that is motor driven to move down and mate the connectors. A pair of movable members (36, 38) serve as shields, as coarse alignment aids, and as force transmitters. The movable members are pivotally mounted at the bottom of the upper housing, and as the carrier moves down it pivots the members out of the way. The movable members have socket elements (116) that closely receive pin elements (120) on the lower housing part, to coarsely align the connectors and to react mating and unmating forces between the housings. The carrier has a pair of plate portions (60, 62) with slots (64), and the movable members have cam followers engaged with the slot walls, to move the members with precision. The carrier plate-like portions engage follower members (82) that pivot open lower shield parts (44, 46) covering the lower connector, which is mounted on four stacks of Belleville washers (142).

KSC-08pd0004

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-04

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At a lab at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, aerospace technicians with the United Launch Alliance inspect an electrical wiring harness that has been inserted into a replacement feed-through connector during preparations to solder the pins to the socket of the connector that will be installed in the external fuel tank for space shuttle Atlantis' STS-122 mission. The technicians performed this exacting task on the Centaur upper stage for Atlas and Titan launches in 1994 and were specifically chosen for the task. Soldering the connector pins and sockets together addresses the most likely cause of a problem in the engine cutoff sensor system, or ECO system. Some of the tank's ECO sensors failed during propellant tanking for launch attempts on Dec. 6 and Dec. 9. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. After the soldering is completed and the connector is reinstalled, shuttle program managers will decide on how to proceed. The launch date for mission STS-122 is under review. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Locally adaptive vector quantization: Data compression with feature preservation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cheung, K. M.; Sayano, M.

1992-01-01

A study of a locally adaptive vector quantization (LAVQ) algorithm for data compression is presented. This algorithm provides high-speed one-pass compression and is fully adaptable to any data source and does not require a priori knowledge of the source statistics. Therefore, LAVQ is a universal data compression algorithm. The basic algorithm and several modifications to improve performance are discussed. These modifications are nonlinear quantization, coarse quantization of the codebook, and lossless compression of the output. Performance of LAVQ on various images using irreversible (lossy) coding is comparable to that of the Linde-Buzo-Gray algorithm, but LAVQ has a much higher speed; thus this algorithm has potential for real-time video compression. Unlike most other image compression algorithms, LAVQ preserves fine detail in images. LAVQ's performance as a lossless data compression algorithm is comparable to that of Lempel-Ziv-based algorithms, but LAVQ uses far less memory during the coding process.

SeqCompress: an algorithm for biological sequence compression.

PubMed

Sardaraz, Muhammad; Tahir, Muhammad; Ikram, Ataul Aziz; Bajwa, Hassan

2014-10-01

The growth of Next Generation Sequencing technologies presents significant research challenges, specifically to design bioinformatics tools that handle massive amount of data efficiently. Biological sequence data storage cost has become a noticeable proportion of total cost in the generation and analysis. Particularly increase in DNA sequencing rate is significantly outstripping the rate of increase in disk storage capacity, which may go beyond the limit of storage capacity. It is essential to develop algorithms that handle large data sets via better memory management. This article presents a DNA sequence compression algorithm SeqCompress that copes with the space complexity of biological sequences. The algorithm is based on lossless data compression and uses statistical model as well as arithmetic coding to compress DNA sequences. The proposed algorithm is compared with recent specialized compression tools for biological sequences. Experimental results show that proposed algorithm has better compression gain as compared to other existing algorithms. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Ultrasonic Structural Health Monitoring to Assess the Integrity of Spinal Growing Rods In Vitro.

PubMed

Oetgen, Matthew E; Goodley, Addison; Yoo, Byungseok; Pines, Darryll J; Hsieh, Adam H

2016-01-01

Rod fracture is a common complication of growing rods and can result in loss of correction, patient discomfort, and unplanned revision surgery. The ability to quantitate rod integrity at each lengthening would be advantageous to avoid this complication. We investigate the feasibility of applying structural health monitoring to evaluate the integrity of growing rods in vitro. Single-rod titanium 4.5-mm growing rod constructs (n = 9), one screw proximally and one distally connected by in-line connectors, were assembled with pedicle screws fixed in polyethylene blocks. Proximal and distal ends were loaded and constructs subjected to cyclic axial compression (0-100 N at 1 Hz), with incrementally increasing maximum compressive loads of 10 N every 9k cycles until failure. Four piezoceramic transducers (PZTs) were mounted along the length the constructs to interrogate the integrity of the rods with an ultrasonic, guided lamb wave approach. Every 9k cycles, an 80 V excitatory voltage was applied to a PZT to generate high-frequency vibrations, which, after propagating through the construct, was detected by the remaining PZTs. Amplitude differences between pre- and postload waveform signals were calculated until rod failure. Average construct lifetime was 88,991 ± 13,398 cycles. All constructs failed due to rod fracture within 21 mm (mean = 15 ± 4.5 mm) of a screw or connector. Amplitude differences between pre- and postload increased in a stepwise fashion as constructs were cycled. Compared to baseline, we found a 1.8 ± 0.6-fold increase in amplitude 18k cycles before failure, a 2.2 ± 1.0-fold increase in amplitude 9k cycles before failure, and a 2.75 ± 1.5-fold increase in amplitude immediately before rod fracture. We describe a potential method for assessing the structural integrity of growing rods using ultrasonic structural health monitoring. These preliminary data demonstrate the ability of periodic rod assessment to detect structural changes in cycled growing rods, which appear to correspond to subclinical rod fatigue before rod fracture. Copyright © 2016 Scoliosis Research Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

High-power fiber optic cable with integrated active sensors for live process monitoring

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blomster, Ola; Blomqvist, Mats; Bergstrand, Hans; Pålsson, Magnus

2012-03-01

In industrial applications using high-brilliance lasers at power levels up to and exceeding 20 kW and similarly direct diode lasers of 10 kW, there is an increasing demand to continuously monitor component status even in passive components such as fiber-optic cables. With fiber-optic cables designed according to the European Automotive Industry fiber standard interface there is room for integrating active sensors inside the connectors. In this paper we present the integrated active sensors in the new Optoskand QD fiber-optic cable designed to handle extreme levels of power losses, and how these sensors can be employed in industrial manufacturing. The sensors include photo diodes for detection of scattered light inside the fiber connector, absolute temperature of the fiber connector, difference in temperature of incoming and outgoing cooling water, and humidity measurement inside the fiber connector. All these sensors are connected to the fiber interlock system, where interlock break enable functions can be activated when measured signals are higher than threshold levels. It is a very fast interlock break system as the control of the signals is integrated in the electronics inside the fiber connector. Also, since all signals can be logged it is possible to evaluate what happened inside the connector before the interlock break instance. The communication to the fiber-optic connectors is via a CAN interface. Thus it is straightforward to develop the existing laser host control to also control the CAN-messages from the QD sensors.

Connector well experiment to recharge the Floridan Aquifer, East Orange County, Florida

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bush, P.W.

1979-01-01

An experimental connector well, screened in the shallow sand aquifer, finished with open hole in the Floridan aquifer, and cased through the confining layer between the two aquifers, was drilled in east Orange County, Florida, to obtain information on the nature and function of the shallow aquifer as related to connector well operation. The potentiometric surface of the shallow aquifer is about 45 feet higher than the potentiometric surface of the Floridan aquifer; hence water flows by gravity from the shallow aquifer to the Floridan aquifer through the well ' connecting ' the two aquifers. Continuous flow measurement over 10 months shows the well discharge varies seasonally and averages slightly more than 50 gallons per minute. Observation wells show that, except for seasonal variation water levels within the area of influence have reached steady state within measurable limits. Vertical anisotrophy in the shallow aquifer is apparently caused by the shape and (or) arrangement of the sand grains that comprise the shallow aquifer , rather than distinct confining layers of different lithology. Transmissivity of the shallow aquifer at the site is about 600 square feet per day. Extensive dewatering of wetlands in east Orange County by connector wells alone is probably not feasible. Nevertheless, large amounts of water could be channeled to the Floridan aquifer by connector wells. The results of the connector well experiment imply that water is being captured from evapotranspiration and runoff in the vicinity of the connector well. (Woodard-USGS)

Acoustic-emissive memory effect in coal samples under triaxial axial-symmetric compression

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shkuratnik, V.L.; Filimonov, Y.L.; Kuchurin, S.V.

2006-05-15

The experimental data are presented for production and manifestation of the Kaiser effect in coal samples subjected to triaxial loading by the Karman scheme in the first cycle and to various loading modes in the second cycle. The Kaiser effect is identified with the help of a deformation memory effect.

Magnetic and conventional shape memory behavior of Mn-Ni-Sn and Mn-Ni-Sn(Fe) alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Turabi, A. S.; Lázpita, P.; Sasmaz, M.; Karaca, H. E.; Chernenko, V. A.

2016-05-01

Magnetic and conventional shape memory properties of Mn49Ni42Sn9(at.%) and Mn49Ni39Sn9Fe3(at.%) polycrystalline alloys exhibiting martensitic transformation from ferromagnetic austenite into weakly magnetic martensite are characterized under compressive stress and magnetic field. Magnetization difference between transforming phases drastically increases, while transformation temperature decreases with the addition of Fe. Both Mn49Ni42Sn9 and Mn49Ni39Sn9Fe3 alloys show remarkable superelastic and shape memory properties with recoverable strain of 4% and 3.5% under compression at room temperature, respectively. These characteristics can be counted as extraordinary among the polycrystalline NiMn-based magnetic shape memory alloys. Critical stress for phase transformation was increased by 34 MPa in Mn49Ni39Sn9Fe3 and 21 MPa in Mn49Ni42Sn9 at 9 T, which can be qualitatively understood in terms of thermodynamic Clausius-Clapeyron relationships and in the framework of the suggested physical concept of a volume magnetostress.

Optimal color coding for compression of true color images

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Musatenko, Yurij S.; Kurashov, Vitalij N.

1998-11-01

In the paper we present the method that improves lossy compression of the true color or other multispectral images. The essence of the method is to project initial color planes into Karhunen-Loeve (KL) basis that gives completely decorrelated representation for the image and to compress basis functions instead of the planes. To do that the new fast algorithm of true KL basis construction with low memory consumption is suggested and our recently proposed scheme for finding optimal losses of Kl functions while compression is used. Compare to standard JPEG compression of the CMYK images the method provides the PSNR gain from 0.2 to 2 dB for the convenient compression ratios. Experimental results are obtained for high resolution CMYK images. It is demonstrated that presented scheme could work on common hardware.

Lossless data compression for improving the performance of a GPU-based beamformer.

PubMed

Lok, U-Wai; Fan, Gang-Wei; Li, Pai-Chi

2015-04-01

The powerful parallel computation ability of a graphics processing unit (GPU) makes it feasible to perform dynamic receive beamforming However, a real time GPU-based beamformer requires high data rate to transfer radio-frequency (RF) data from hardware to software memory, as well as from central processing unit (CPU) to GPU memory. There are data compression methods (e.g. Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG)) available for the hardware front end to reduce data size, alleviating the data transfer requirement of the hardware interface. Nevertheless, the required decoding time may even be larger than the transmission time of its original data, in turn degrading the overall performance of the GPU-based beamformer. This article proposes and implements a lossless compression-decompression algorithm, which enables in parallel compression and decompression of data. By this means, the data transfer requirement of hardware interface and the transmission time of CPU to GPU data transfers are reduced, without sacrificing image quality. In simulation results, the compression ratio reached around 1.7. The encoder design of our lossless compression approach requires low hardware resources and reasonable latency in a field programmable gate array. In addition, the transmission time of transferring data from CPU to GPU with the parallel decoding process improved by threefold, as compared with transferring original uncompressed data. These results show that our proposed lossless compression plus parallel decoder approach not only mitigate the transmission bandwidth requirement to transfer data from hardware front end to software system but also reduce the transmission time for CPU to GPU data transfer. © The Author(s) 2014.

For current viewing resistor loads

DOEpatents

Lyons, Gregory R [Tijeras, NM; Hass, Jay B [Lee's Summit, MO

2011-04-19

The invention comprises a terminal unit for a flat cable comprising a BNC-PCB connector having a pin for electrically contacting one or more conducting elements of a flat cable, and a current viewing resistor having an opening through which the pin extends and having a resistor face that abuts a connector face of the BNC-PCB connector, wherein the device is a terminal unit for the flat cable.

Tool for Inspecting Alignment of Twinaxial Connectors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, Christopher R.

2008-01-01

A proposed tool would be used to inspect alignments of mating twinaxial-connector assemblies on interconnecting wiring harnesses. More specifically, the tool would be used to inspect the alignment of each contact pin of each connector on one assembly with the corresponding socket in the corresponding connector on the other assembly. It is necessary to inspect the alignment because if mating of the assemblies is attempted when any pin/socket pair is misaligned beyond tolerance, the connection will not be completed and the dielectric material in the socket will be damaged (see Figure 1). Although the basic principle of the tool is applicable to almost any type of mating connector assemblies, the specific geometry of the tool must match the pin-and-socket geometry of the specific mating assemblies to be inspected. In the original application for which the tool was conceived, each of the mating assemblies contains eight twinaxial connectors; the pin diameter is 0.014 in. (.0.35 mm), and the maximum allowable pin/socket misalignment is 0.007 in. (.0.18 mm). Incomplete connections can result in loss of flight data within the functional path to the space shuttle crew cockpit displays. The tool (see Figure 2) would consist mainly of a transparent disk with alignment clocking tabs that can be fitted onto either connector assembly. Sets of circles or equivalent reference markings are affixed to the face of the tool, located at the desired positions of the mating contact pairs. An inspector would simply fit the tool onto a connector assembly, engaging the clocking tabs until the tool fits tightly. The inspector would then align one set of circles positioning a line of sight perpendicular to one contact within the connector assembly. Mis alignments would be evidenced by the tip of a pin contact straying past the inner edge of the circle. Socket contact misalignments would be evidenced by a crescent-shaped portion of the white dielectric appearing within the circle. The tool could include a variable magnifier plus an illuminator that could be configured so as not to cast shadows.

Fibre optic connectors with high-return-loss performance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Knott, Michael P.; Johnson, R.; Cooke, K.; Longhurst, P. C.

1990-09-01

This paper describes the development of a single mode fibre optic connector with high return loss performance without the use of index matching. Partial reflection of incident light at a fibre optic connector interface is a recognised problem where the result can be increased noise and waveform distortion. This is particularly important for video transmission in subscriber networks which requires a high signal to noise ratio. A number of methods can be used to improve the return loss. The method described here uses a process which angles the connector endfaces. Measurements show typical return losses of -55dB can be achieved for an end angle of 6 degrees. Insertion loss results are also presented.

Electronic inverter assembly

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Singh, Brij N.; Schmit, Christopher J.

A first driver portion comprises a set of first components mounted on or associated with a first circuit board. A second circuit board is spaced apart from the first circuit board. A second driver portion comprises a set of second components mounted on or associated with the second circuit board, where the first driver portion and the second driver portion collectively are adapted to provide input signals to the control terminal of each semiconductor switch of an inverter. A first edge connector is mounted on the first circuit board. A second edge connector is mounted on the second circuit board.more » An interface board has mating edges that mate with the first edge connector and the second edge connector.« less

Optimum design of Geodesic dome’s jointing system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tran, Huy. T.

2018-04-01

This study attempts to create a new design for joint connector of Geodesic dome. A new type of joint connector design is proposed for flexible rotating connection; comparing it to another, this design is cheaper and workable. After calculating the bearing capacity of the sample according to EC3 and Vietnam standard TCVN 5575-2012, FEM model of the design sample is carried out in many specific situation to consider the stress distribution, the deformation, the local destruction… in the connector. The analytical results and the FE data are consistent. The FE analysis also points out the behavior of some details that simple calculation cannot show. Hence, we can choose the optimum design of joint connector.

Six-degree-of-freedom multi-axes positioning apparatus

DOEpatents

Bieg, L.F.X.

1999-05-11

A six-degree-of-freedom multi-axes positioning apparatus is comprised of a geometry of six independent angle connectors. Each angle connector connects two fixed length rods to a pivot on one of two opposing platforms. The combination of an angle connector, at least two pivots and at least two rods having free ends connected to the pivots comprises a leg assembly. The spatial location of the upper platform is changed in relation to the lower platform by angular changes within each angle connector. This angular change results in degrees of motion within the apparatus defined as X, Y, Z, Tip, Tilt, and Rotation, or a combination of the above. This invention is known as a ROTOPOD. 9 figs.

Six-degree-of-freedom multi-axes positioning apparatus

DOEpatents

Bieg, Lothar F. X.

1999-01-01

A six-degree-of-freedom multi-axes positioning apparatus is comprised of a geometry of six independent angle connectors. Each angle connector connects two fixed length rods to a pivot on one of two opposing platforms. The combination of an angle connector, at least two pivots and at least two rods having free ends connected to the pivots comprises a leg assembly. The spatial location of the upper platform is changed in relation to the lower platform by angular changes within each angle connector. This angular change results in degrees of motion within the apparatus defined as X, Y, Z, Tip, Tilt, and Rotation, or a combination of the above. This invention is known as a ROTOPOD.

Lightweight, Self-Deployable Wheels

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chmielewski, Artur; Sokolowski, Witold; Rand, Peter

2003-01-01

Ultra-lightweight, self-deployable wheels made of polymer foams have been demonstrated. These wheels are an addition to the roster of cold hibernated elastic memory (CHEM) structural applications. Intended originally for use on nanorovers (very small planetary-exploration robotic vehicles), CHEM wheels could also be used for many commercial applications, such as in toys. The CHEM concept was reported in "Cold Hibernated Elastic Memory (CHEM) Expandable Structures" (NPO-20394), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 23, No. 2 (February 1999), page 56. To recapitulate: A CHEM structure is fabricated from a shape-memory polymer (SMP) foam. The structure is compressed to a very small volume while in its rubbery state above its glass-transition temperature (Tg). Once compressed, the structure can be cooled below Tg to its glassy state. As long as the temperature remains

Finite element analysis and cadaveric cinematic analysis of fixation options for anteriorly implanted trabecular metal interbody cages.

PubMed

Berjano, Pedro; Blanco, Juan Francisco; Rendon, Diego; Villafañe, Jorge Hugo; Pescador, David; Atienza, Carlos Manuel

2015-11-01

To assess, with finite element analysis and an in vitro biomechanical study in cadaver, whether the implementation of an anterior interbody cage made of hedrocel with nitinol shape memory staples in compression increases the stiffness of the stand-alone interbody cage and to compare these constructs' stiffness to other constructs common in clinical practice. A biomechanical study with a finite element analysis and cadaveric testing assessed the stiffness of different fixation modes for the L4-L5 functional spinal unit: intact spine, destabilized spine with discectomy, posterior pedicle-screw fixation, anterior stand-alone interbody cage, anterior interbody cage with bilateral pedicle screws and anterior interbody cage with two shape memory staples in compression. These modalities of vertebral fixation were compared in four loading modes (flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation). The L4-L5 spinal unit with an anterior interbody cage and two staples was stiffer than the stand-alone cage. The construct stiffness was similar to that of a model of posterior pedicular stabilization. The stiffness was lower than that of the anterior cage plus bilateral pedicle-screw fixation. The use of an anterior interbody implant with shape memory staples in compression may be an alternative to isolated posterior fixation and to anterior isolated implants, with increased stiffness.

KSC-07pd3667

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-12-30

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At Launch Pad 39A, a team of external tank specialists from Lockheed Martin and the United Space Alliance undertakes the task of removing the hydrogen feed-through connector in support of space shuttle Atlantis' STS-122 mission. Here, technicians place the wrapped connector in a shipping container for transport to NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala., for further cryogenic testing. Some of the tank's engine cutoff sensors, or ECO sensors, failed during propellant tanking for launch attempts on Dec. 6 and Dec. 9. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. After the data from additional testing on the connector is analyzed, shuttle program managers will decide on a forward plan. Launch of STS-122 is targeted for January 2008. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

KSC-07pd3668

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-12-30

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At Launch Pad 39A, a team of external tank specialists from Lockheed Martin and the United Space Alliance undertakes the task of removing the hydrogen feed-through connector in support of space shuttle Atlantis' STS-122 mission. Here, a technician carries the shipping container in which the wrapped connector is secured for transport to NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala., for further cryogenic testing. Some of the tank's engine cutoff sensors, or ECO sensors, failed during propellant tanking for launch attempts on Dec. 6 and Dec. 9. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. After the data from additional testing on the connector is analyzed, shuttle program managers will decide on a forward plan. Launch of STS-122 is targeted for January 2008. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

[Stress distribution in abutment teeth and related tissues under different design of connector: three-dimensional finite element analysis].

PubMed

Bai, Li-Ming; Li, Guo-Qiang; Zhang, Qiang; Dong, Xian

2016-08-01

To compare the stress distribution in abutment teeth and related tissues under the same material and different loading between improved major connector design and traditional major connector design. One 55-year-old male patient with unilateral maxillary first molar and second molar missing was chosen. The stress distribution in abutment teeth and related tissues were evaluated with spiral CT scanning, Mimics, Geomagic Studio software, a study model was built and finite element analysis was performed using ANSYS software. With the improved major connector design, the stress of abutment decreased significantly, the stress of periodontal decreased, the stress of edentulous mucosa increased significantly and became more balanced, the trend of stimulated absorption of alveolar bone decreased. For patients with distal free defect of dentition, the design of improved major connector has the effect of stress interruption, can protect the abutment better, detract the stress of the denture and has an good protective effect on the edentulous mucosa and alveolar bone.

Chronic, percutaneous connector for electrical recording and stimulation with microelectrode arrays.

PubMed

Shah, Kedar G; Lee, Kye Young; Tolosa, Vanessa; Tooker, Angela; Felix, Sarah; Benett, William; Pannu, Satinderpall

2014-01-01

The translation of advances in neural stimulation and recording research into clinical practice hinges on the ability to perform chronic experiments in awake and behaving animal models. Advances in microelectrode array technology, most notably flexible polymer arrays, have significantly improved reliability of the neural interface. However, electrical connector technology has lagged and is prone to failure from non-biocompatibility, large size, contamination, corrosion, and difficulty of use. We present a novel chronic, percutaneous electrical connector system that is suitable for neural stimulation and recording. This system features biocompatible materials, low connect and disconnect forces, passive alignment, and a protective cap during non-use. We have successfully designed, assembled, and tested in vitro both a 16-channel system and a high density 64-channel system. Custom, polyimide, 16-channel, microelectrode arrays were electrically assembled with the connector system and tested using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. This connector system is versatile and can be used with a variety of microelectrode array technologies for chronic studies.

KSC-08pd0037

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-13

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Lloyd Johns, with Lockheed Martin, prepares the area where the replacement feed-through connector in the engine cutoff, or ECO, sensor system on space shuttle Atlantis' external tank will be installed. Seen next to Johns' arm is the internal connector. The area is wrapped in material for weather protection. Berger wears safety equipment as helium gas is employed to keep the equipment under wrap dry. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The pins in the replacement connector have been precisely soldered to create a connection that allows sensors inside the tank to send signals to the computers onboard Atlantis. The work is being done on Launch Pad 39A. Space shuttle Atlantis is now targeted for launch on Feb. 7. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

An Automated Safe-to-Mate (ASTM) Tester

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nguyen, Phuc; Scott, Michelle; Leung, Alan; Lin, Michael; Johnson, Thomas

2013-01-01

Safe-to-mate testing is a common hardware safety practice where impedance measurements are made on unpowered hardware to verify isolation, continuity, or impedance between pins of an interface connector. A computer-based instrumentation solution has been developed to resolve issues. The ASTM is connected to the circuit under test, and can then quickly, safely, and reliably safe-to-mate the entire connector, or even multiple connectors, at the same time.

Flexible connector

DOEpatents

Savage, Mark E.; Simpson, Walter W.

1999-01-01

An electrical connector accommodates high current, is not labor intensive to assemble and disassemble, and allows a wide range of motion to accommodate mechanical variations and movement of connected components. The connector comprises several parts with joints therebetween, wherein each joint provides electrical connection between and allows relative motion of the joined parts. The combination of parts and joints maintains electrical connection between two electrical components even if the components are misaligned or move after connection.

Comparison of Predicted and Measured Towline Tensions

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-05-01

10 volts DC Calibration Error Less than 0.25% of full capacity Material Stainless Steel The installed configuration of the load cell at the tow end is...capacity zero shift per IF over operating temperature range. Construction- Stainless steel , seal welded. Electrical Connector- Brantner MSJ-4-BCR...Manufacturer- Marsh & MarineTm Connectors 150 Manufacturer’s Part #- RM-4-MP Description- Molded in-line female connector with stainless steel

Investigation of gold embrittlement in connector solder joints

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lane, F. L.

1972-01-01

An investigation was performed to determine to what extent typical flight connector solder joints may be embrittled by the presence of gold. In addition to mapping of gold content in connector solder joints by an electron microprobe analyzer, metallographic examinations and mechanical tests (thermal shock, vibration, impact and tensile strength) were also conducted. A description of the specimens and tests, a discussion of the data, and some conclusions are presented.

Adhesively-Bonded Structural Composite Joint Utilizing Shoulder-Centered Sleeves

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lukowski, Florian P., Jr. (Inventor)

2015-01-01

A composite joint includes a first member having a groove therein, a second member adjacent to the first member, and a connector member disposed between the second member and the first member. The connector member is received in the groove so as to bias a load path between the first member and the second member from a peripheral portion to a central portion of the connector member.

Development of hermetic electrical connectors for SSC spool pieces

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kountanis, B.; Kalny, L.

1993-05-01

The Superconducting Super Collider ring is about 54 miles (87 km circumference) and primarily includes a series of magnets. Spool piece assemblies are interspaced in the ring at predetermined intervals to provide specific functions such as cryogenic interfaces, vacuum interface, magnet power, magnet power dump, quench heater power, and special instrumentation. Electrical connectors serve as interfaces for instrumentation and quench heater circuits. These connectors have to meet stringent requirements.

Universal connectors for joining stringers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harrison, Jr., Ernest (Inventor)

1987-01-01

This invention is a lightweight, universal connector that joins stringers at various angles. The connectors 10 are fabricated from fiber-epoxy resin strips that wrap around stringers 30 and have ends, tabs 16 and 18, which extend in one general direction. The inside surface of the first tab 16 lies on a plane defined by the stringers being joined, and the second tab 18 is separated from the first tab 16 by a distance equal to their thickness. Stringers 30 of different shapes and sizes are joined by alternately bonding the first tab 16 of one connector between the first 16 and second 18 tabs of another connector. Tee-joints are formed by using web elements 41 and 42 which each partially wrap around a stringer 3010 and have tabs 411 and 421 which are offset, and are bonded between tabs 16 and 18 of universal connectors 109 and 1010 bonded to another stringer 309. Sharp corners are trimmed from the tabs so that a gusset area remains between the stringers for support. Acute angle through obtuse angle joints are formed by trimming those edges of the tabs which lie against the stringers. A specific application of the invention is a Walker 60, utilized by handicapped individuals, fabricated from composite materials that is 40% lighter than similar metallic structures.

Tandem Organic Light-Emitting Diodes.

PubMed

Fung, Man-Keung; Li, Yan-Qing; Liao, Liang-Sheng

2016-12-01

A tandem organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is an organic optoelectronic device that has two or more electroluminescence (EL) units connected electrically in series with unique intermediate connectors within the device. Researchers have studied this new OLED architecture with growing interest and have found that the current efficiency of a tandem OLED containing N EL units (N > 1) should be N times that of a conventional OLED containing only a single EL unit. Therefore, this new architecture is potentially useful for constructing high-efficiency, high-luminance, and long-lifetime OLED displays and organic solid-state lighting sources. In a tandem OLED, the intermediate connector plays a crucial role in determining the effectiveness of the stacked EL units. The interfaces in the connector control the inner charge generation and charge injection into the adjacent EL units. Meanwhile, the transparency and the thickness of the connector affect the light output of the device. Therefore, the intermediate connector should be made to meet both the electrical and optical requirements for achieving optimal performance. Here, recent advances in the research of the tandem OLEDs is discussed, with the main focus on material selection and interface studies in the intermediate connectors, as well as the optical design of the tandem OLEDs. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

MIL-L-87177 and CLT:X-10 Lubricants Improve Electrical Connector Fretting Corrosion Behavior

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

AUKLAND,NEIL R.; HANLON,JAMES T.

1999-10-12

We have conducted a fretting research project using MIL-L-87177 and CLT: X-10 lubricants on Nano-miniature connectors. When they were fretted without lubricant, individual connectors first exceeded our 0.5 ohm failure criteria from 2,341 to 45,238 fretting cycles. With additional fretting, their contact resistance increased to more than 100,000 ohms. Unmodified MIL-L-87177 lubricant delayed the onset of first failure to between 430,000 and over 20,000,000 fretting cycles. MIL-L-87177 modified by addition of Teflon powder delayed first failure to beyond 5 million fretting cycles. Best results were obtained when Teflon was used and also when both the straight and modified lubricants weremore » poured into and then out of the connector. CLT: X-10 lubricant delayed the onset of first failure to beyond 55 million cycles in one test where a failure was actually observed and to beyond 20 million cycles in another that was terminated without failure. CLT: X-10 recovered an unlubricated connector driven deeply into failure, with six failed pins recovering immediately and four more recovering during an additional 420 thousand fretting cycles. MIL-L-87177 was not able to recover a connector under similar conditions.« less

Impedance Discontinuity Reduction Between High-Speed Differential Connectors and PCB Interfaces

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Navidi, Sal; Agdinaoay, Rodell; Walter, Keith

2013-01-01

High-speed serial communication (i.e., Gigabit Ethernet) requires differential transmission and controlled impedances. Impedance control is essential throughout cabling, connector, and circuit board construction. An impedance discontinuity arises at the interface of a high-speed quadrax and twinax connectors and the attached printed circuit board (PCB). This discontinuity usually is lower impedance since the relative dielectric constant of the board is higher (i.e., polyimide approx. = 4) than the connector (Teflon approx. = 2.25). The discontinuity can be observed in transmit or receive eye diagrams, and can reduce the effective link margin of serial data networks. High-speed serial data network transmission improvements can be made at the connector-to-board interfaces as well as improving differential via hole impedances. The impedance discontinuity was improved by 10 percent by drilling a 20-mil (approx. = 0.5-mm) hole in between the pin of a differential connector spaced 55 mils (approx. = 1.4 mm) apart as it is attached to the PCB. The effective dielectric constant of the board can be lowered by drilling holes into the board material between the differential lines in a quadrax or twinax connector attachment points. The differential impedance is inversely proportional to the square root of the relative dielectric constant. This increases the differential impedance and thus reduces the above described impedance discontinuity. The differential via hole impedance can also be increased in the same manner. This technique can be extended to multiple smaller drilled holes as well as tapered holes (i.e., big in the middle followed by smaller ones diagonally).

Dual contact pogo pin assembly

DOEpatents

Hatch, Stephen McGarry

2015-01-20

A contact assembly includes a base and a pair of electrical contacts supported by the base. A first end of the first electrical contact corresponds to a first end of the base and is configured to engage a first external conductive circuit element. A first end of the second electrical contact also corresponds to the first end of the base and is configured to engage a second external conductive circuit element. The first contact and the second contact are electrically isolated from one another and configured to compress when engaging an external connector element. The base includes an aperture positioned on a second end of the base outboard of a second end of the first and second electrical contacts. The aperture presents a narrowing shape with a wide mouth distal the electrical contacts and a narrow internal through-hole proximate the electrical contacts.

Dual contact pogo pin assembly

DOEpatents

Hatch, Stephen McGarry

2016-06-21

A contact assembly includes a base and a pair of electrical contacts supported by the base. A first end of the first electrical contact corresponds to a first end of the base and is configured to engage a first external conductive circuit element. A first end of the second electrical contact also corresponds to the first end of the base and is configured to engage a second external conductive circuit element. The first contact and the second contact are electrically isolated from one another and configured to compress when engaging an external connector element. The base includes an aperture positioned on a second end of the base outboard of a second end of the first and second electrical contacts. The aperture presents a narrowing shape with a wide mouth distal the electrical contacts and a narrow internal through-hole proximate the electrical contacts.

Forced reptation revealed by chain pull-out simulations.

PubMed

Bulacu, Monica; van der Giessen, Erik

2009-08-14

We report computation results obtained from extensive molecular dynamics simulations of tensile disentanglement of connector chains placed at the interface between two polymer bulks. Each polymer chain (either belonging to the bulks or being a connector) is treated as a sequence of beads interconnected by springs, using a coarse-grained representation based on the Kremer-Grest model, extended to account for stiffness along the chain backbone. Forced reptation of the connectors was observed during their disentanglement from the bulk chains. The extracted chains are clearly seen following an imaginary "tube" inside the bulks as they are pulled out. The entropic and energetic responses to the external deformation are investigated by monitoring the connector conformation tensor and the modifications of the internal parameters (bonds, bending, and torsion angles along the connectors). The work needed to separate the two bulks is computed from the tensile force induced during debonding in the connector chains. The value of the work reached at total separation is considered as the debonding energy G. The most important parameters controlling G are the length (n) of the chains placed at the interface and their areal density. Our in silico experiments are performed at relatively low areal density and are disregarded if chain scission occurs during disentanglement. As predicted by the reptation theory, for this pure pull-out regime, the power exponent from the scaling G proportional, variant n(a) is a approximately 2, irrespective of chain stiffness. Small variations are found when the connectors form different number of stitches at the interface, or when their length is randomly distributed in between the two bulks. Our results show that the effects of the number of stitches and of the randomness of the block lengths have to be considered together, especially when comparing with experiments where they cannot be controlled rigorously. These results may be significant for industrial applications, such reinforcement of polymer-polymer adhesion by connector chains, when incorporated as constitutive laws at higher time/length scales in finite element calculations.

Flexible non-fusion scoliosis correction systems reduce intervertebral rotation less than rigid implants and allow growth of the spine: a finite element analysis of different features of orthobiom™

PubMed Central

Zander, T.; Burra, N. K.; Bergmann, G.

2007-01-01

The orthobiom™ non-fusion scoliosis correction system consists of two longitudinal rods, polyaxial pedicle screws, mobile and fixed connectors and a cross-connector. The mobile connectors can move along and around the rod, thus allowing length adaptation during growth. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different features of this novel implant on intervertebral rotations, to calculate the movement of the mobile connectors along the rods for different loading cases and to compare the results with those of a rigid implant construct. A finite element analysis was performed using six versions (M1–M6) of a three-dimensional, nonlinear model of a spine ranging from T3 to L2. The models were loaded with pure moments of 7.5 N m in the three main anatomical planes. First, the validated intact model (M1) was studied. Then, the orthobiom™ implant system was inserted, bridging the segments between T4 and L1 (M2). The effect of pedicle screws only in every second vertebrae was investigated (M3). For comparison, three connection variations of screws and rods were investigated: (1) an implant with rigid screws and mobile connectors (M4), (2) an implant with non-locking polyaxial screws and fixed connectors (M5) and (3) a completely rigid implant construct (M6). For flexion, extension and lateral bending, intervertebral rotation was reduced at all implant levels due to the implants. A rigid implant construct (M6) and an implant with non-locking polyaxial screws and fixed connectors (M5) led to the strongest reduction of intervertebral rotation. The orthobiom™ non-fusion implant system (M2, M3) allowed much more intervertebral rotation than a rigid implant (M6). Differences in intervertebral rotations were small when polyaxial screws were placed at every second level only (M3) instead of at every level (M2). For axial rotation, intervertebral rotation was strongly reduced by a rigid implant construct (M6) and by an implant with rigid screws and mobile connectors (M4). For rotation, an implant with non-locking polyaxial screws (M2, M3, M5) led to nearly the same intervertebral rotations as in an intact spine without an implant (M1). The predicted maximum translation of the mobile connectors along the rod was 4.2 mm for extension, 3.1 mm for lateral bending, 1.6 mm for flexion and 0.8 mm for axial rotation. The movement of the connectors was highest for those closest to the ends of the rods. With rigid screws, the maximum translation was significantly reduced. This study, conducted under a load-controlled loading protocol, showed that intervertebral rotation was reduced much less by the non-fusion orthobiom™ system than by a rigid implant. The mobile connectors moved considerably along the rod when the spine was bent. It can be expected that the connectors also move along the rod as the adolescent grows, possibly leaving the discs intact until the patient is fully grown. PMID:17712575

Mental simulation of routes during navigation involves adaptive temporal compression

PubMed Central

Arnold, Aiden E.G.F.; Iaria, Giuseppe; Ekstrom, Arne D.

2016-01-01

Mental simulation is a hallmark feature of human cognition, allowing features from memories to be flexibly used during prospection. While past studies demonstrate the preservation of real-world features such as size and distance during mental simulation, their temporal dynamics remains unknown. Here, we compare mental simulations to navigation of routes in a large-scale spatial environment to test the hypothesis that such simulations are temporally compressed in an adaptive manner. Our results show that simulations occurred at 2.39x the speed it took to navigate a route, increasing in compression (3.57x) for slower movement speeds. Participant self-reports of vividness and spatial coherence of simulations also correlated strongly with simulation duration, providing an important link between subjective experiences of simulated events and how spatial representations are combined during prospection. These findings suggest that simulation of spatial events involve adaptive temporal mechanisms, mediated partly by the fidelity of memories used to generate the simulation. PMID:27568586

Flexible Peripheral Component Interconnect Input/Output Card

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bigelow, Kirk K.; Jerry, Albert L.; Baricio, Alisha G.; Cummings, Jon K.

2010-01-01

The Flexible Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) Input/Output (I/O) Card is an innovative circuit board that provides functionality to interface between a variety of devices. It supports user-defined interrupts for interface synchronization, tracks system faults and failures, and includes checksum and parity evaluation of interface data. The card supports up to 16 channels of high-speed, half-duplex, low-voltage digital signaling (LVDS) serial data, and can interface combinations of serial and parallel devices. Placement of a processor within the field programmable gate array (FPGA) controls an embedded application with links to host memory over its PCI bus. The FPGA also provides protocol stacking and quick digital signal processor (DSP) functions to improve host performance. Hardware timers, counters, state machines, and other glue logic support interface communications. The Flexible PCI I/O Card provides an interface for a variety of dissimilar computer systems, featuring direct memory access functionality. The card has the following attributes: 8/16/32-bit, 33-MHz PCI r2.2 compliance, Configurable for universal 3.3V/5V interface slots, PCI interface based on PLX Technology's PCI9056 ASIC, General-use 512K 16 SDRAM memory, General-use 1M 16 Flash memory, FPGA with 3K to 56K logical cells with embedded 27K to 198K bits RAM, I/O interface: 32-channel LVDS differential transceivers configured in eight, 4-bit banks; signaling rates to 200 MHz per channel, Common SCSI-3, 68-pin interface connector.

Process of modifying a cable end

DOEpatents

Roose, L.D.

1995-08-01

End moldings for high-voltage cables are described wherein the dielectric insulator of the cable is heated and molded to conform to a desired shape. As a consequence, high quality substantially bubble-free cable connectors suitable for mating to premanufactured fittings are made. Disclosed are a method for making the cable connectors either in the field or in a factory, molds suitable for use with the method, and the molded cable connectors, themselves. 5 figs.

8. View of DR 3 antenna showing lower front connector, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. View of DR 3 antenna showing lower front connector, third from left vertical member at first level above foundation level, showing small diameter turnbuckle stays, vertical member with flange connection, and various struts and connectors with antenna assembly in background. - Clear Air Force Station, Ballistic Missile Early Warning System Site II, One mile west of mile marker 293.5 on Parks Highway, 5 miles southwest of Anderson, Anderson, Denali Borough, AK

Flexible connector

DOEpatents

Savage, M.E.; Simpson, W.W.

1999-07-27

An electrical connector accommodates high current, is not labor intensive to assemble and disassemble, and allows a wide range of motion to accommodate mechanical variations and movement of connected components. The connector comprises several parts with joints therebetween, wherein each joint provides electrical connection between and allows relative motion of the joined parts. The combination of parts and joints maintains electrical connection between two electrical components even if the components are misaligned or move after connection. 6 figs.

Cables and connectors for Large Space System Technology (LSST)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dunbar, W. G.

1980-01-01

The effect of the environment and extravehicular activity/remote assembly operations on the cables and connectors for spacecraft with metallic and/or nonmetallic structures was examined. Cable and connector philosophy was outlined for the electrical systems and electronic compartments which contain high-voltage, high-power electrical and electronic equipment. The influence of plasma and particulates on the system is analyzed and the effect of static buildup on the spacecraft electrical system discussed. Conceptual cable and connector designs are assessed for capability to withstand high current and high voltage without danger of arcs and electromagnetic interference. The extravehicular activites required of the space station and/or supply spacecraft crew members to join and inspect the electrical system, using manual or remote assembly construction are also considered.

Mechanized fluid connector and assembly tool system with ball detents

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zentner, Ronald C. (Inventor); Smith, Steven A. (Inventor)

1991-01-01

A fluid connector system is disclosed which includes a modified plumbing union having a rotatable member for drawing said union into a fluid tight condition. A drive tool is electric motor actuated and includes a reduction gear train providing an output gear engaging an integral peripheral spur gear on the rotatable member. Coaxial alignment means are attached to both the connector assembly and the drive tool. A hand lever actuated latching system includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced latching balls selectively wedged against the alignment means attached to the connector assembly or to secure the drive tool with its output gear in mesh with the integral peripheral spur gear. The drive motor is torque, speed, and direction controllable.

KSC-08pd0040

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-13

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Mike Berger, with Lockheed Martin, examines the replacement feed-through connector for the engine cutoff, or ECO, sensor system in space shuttle Atlantis' external tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The pins in the replacement connector have been precisely soldered to create a connection that allows sensors inside the tank to send signals to the computers onboard Atlantis. The work is being done on Launch Pad 39A. Space shuttle Atlantis is now targeted for launch on Feb. 7. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

KSC-08pd0072

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-17

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- On Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, a technician begins attaching the cover over the engine cutoff, or ECO, sensor system connector and wiring on space shuttle Atlantis' external tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The pins in the replacement connector were precisely soldered to create a connection that allows sensors inside the tank to send signals to the computers onboard Atlantis. The launch date for the shuttle's STS-122 mission has now been targeted for Feb. 7. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-08pd0073

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-17

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- On Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, a technician attaches the cover over the engine cutoff, or ECO, sensor system connector and wiring on space shuttle Atlantis' external tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The pins in the replacement connector were precisely soldered to create a connection that allows sensors inside the tank to send signals to the computers onboard Atlantis. The launch date for the shuttle's STS-122 mission has now been targeted for Feb. 7. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-08pd0069

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-17

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- On Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, technicians prepare the cover to be installed over the engine cutoff, or ECO, sensor system connector and wiring on space shuttle Atlantis' external tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The pins in the replacement connector were precisely soldered to create a connection that allows sensors inside the tank to send signals to the computers onboard Atlantis. The launch date for the shuttle's STS-122 mission has now been targeted for Feb. 7. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-08pd0041

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-13

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- This closeup of the replacement feed-through connector for the engine cutoff, or ECO, sensor system on space shuttle Atlantis shows the pins that were soldered at Kennedy. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The pins in the replacement connector have been precisely soldered to create a connection that allows sensors inside the tank to send signals to the computers onboard Atlantis. The work is being done on Launch Pad 39A. Space shuttle Atlantis is now targeted for launch on Feb. 7. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

KSC-08pd0074

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-17

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- On Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, a technician completes installing the cover over the engine cutoff, or ECO, sensor system connector and wiring on space shuttle Atlantis' external tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The pins in the replacement connector were precisely soldered to create a connection that allows sensors inside the tank to send signals to the computers onboard Atlantis. The launch date for the shuttle's STS-122 mission has now been targeted for Feb. 7. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-08pd0071

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-17

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- On Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, a technician gets ready to place the cover over the engine cutoff, or ECO, sensor system connector and wiring on space shuttle Atlantis' external tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The pins in the replacement connector were precisely soldered to create a connection that allows sensors inside the tank to send signals to the computers onboard Atlantis. The launch date for the shuttle's STS-122 mission has now been targeted for Feb. 7. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Investigation of primary static recrystallization in a NiTiFe shape memory alloy subjected to cold canning compression using the coupling crystal plasticity finite element method with cellular automaton

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Yanqiu; Jiang, Shuyong; Hu, Li; Zhao, Yanan; Sun, Dong

2017-10-01

The behavior of primary static recrystallization (SRX) in a NiTiFe shape memory alloy (SMA) subjected to cold canning compression was investigated using the coupling crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM) with the cellular automaton (CA) method, where the distribution of the dislocation density and the deformed grain topology quantified by CPFEM were used as the input for the subsequent SRX simulation performed using the CA method. The simulation results were confirmed by the experimental ones in terms of microstructures, average grain size and recrystallization fraction, which indicates that the proposed coupling method is well able to describe the SRX behavior of the NiTiFe SMA. The results show that the dislocation density exhibits an inhomogeneous distribution in the deformed sample and the recrystallization nuclei mainly concentrate on zones where the dislocation density is relatively higher. An increase in the compressive deformation degree leads to an increase in nucleation rate and a decrease in grain boundary spaces in the compression direction, which reduces the growth spaces for the SRX nuclei and impedes their further growth. In addition, both the mechanisms of local grain refinement in the incomplete SRX and the influence of compressive deformation degree on the grain size of SRX were vividly illustrated by the corresponding physical models.

Fabrication of a helical coil shape memory alloy actuator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Odonnell, R. E.

1992-02-01

A fabrication process was developed to form, heat treat, and join NiTi shape memory alloy helical coils for use as mechanical actuators. Tooling and procedures were developed to wind both extension and compression-type coils on a manual lathe. Heat treating fixtures and techniques were used to set the 'memory' of the NiTi alloy to the desired configuration. A swaging process was devised to fasten shape memory alloy extension coils to end fittings for use in actuator testing and for potential attachment to mechanical devices. The strength of this mechanical joint was evaluated.

Assessing the Effects of Data Compression in Simulations Using Physically Motivated Metrics

DOE PAGES

Laney, Daniel; Langer, Steven; Weber, Christopher; ...

2014-01-01

This paper examines whether lossy compression can be used effectively in physics simulations as a possible strategy to combat the expected data-movement bottleneck in future high performance computing architectures. We show that, for the codes and simulations we tested, compression levels of 3–5X can be applied without causing significant changes to important physical quantities. Rather than applying signal processing error metrics, we utilize physics-based metrics appropriate for each code to assess the impact of compression. We evaluate three different simulation codes: a Lagrangian shock-hydrodynamics code, an Eulerian higher-order hydrodynamics turbulence modeling code, and an Eulerian coupled laser-plasma interaction code. Wemore » compress relevant quantities after each time-step to approximate the effects of tightly coupled compression and study the compression rates to estimate memory and disk-bandwidth reduction. We find that the error characteristics of compression algorithms must be carefully considered in the context of the underlying physics being modeled.« less

Facilitating the Easy Use of Earth Observation Data in Earth System Models through CyberConnector

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Di, L.; Sun, Z.; Zhang, C.

2017-12-01

Earth system models (ESM) are an important tool used to understand the Earth system and predict its future states. On other hand, Earth observations (EO) provides the current state of the system. EO data are very useful in ESM initialization, verification, validation, and inter-comparison. However, EO data often cannot directly be consumed by ESMs because of the syntactic and semantic mismatches between EO products and ESM requirements. In order to remove the mismatches, scientists normally spend long time to customize EO data for ESM consumption. CyberConnector, a NSF EarthCube building block, is intended to automate the data customization so that scientists can be relieved from the laborious EO data customization. CyberConnector uses web-service-based geospatial processing models (GPM) as the mechanism to automatically customize the EO data into the right products in the right form needed by ESMs. It can support many different ESMs through its standard interfaces. It consists of seven modules: GPM designer, GPM binder, GPM runner, GPM monitor, resource register, order manager, and result display. In CyberConnector, EO data instances and GPMs are independent and loosely coupled. A modeler only needs to create a GPM in the GMP designer for EO data customization. Once the modeler specifies a study area, the designed GPM will be activated and take the temporal and spatial extents as constraints to search the data sources and customize the available EO data into the ESM-acceptable form. The execution of GMP is completely automatic. Currently CyberConnector has been fully developed. In order to validate the feasibility, flexibility, and ESM independence of CyberConnector, three ESMs from different geoscience disciplines, including the Cloud-Resolving Model (CRM), the Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM), and the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ), have been experimented with CyberConnector through closely collaborating with modelers. In the experiment, the time of traditional manual operation and CyberConnector operation was compared and other benefits were identified. The result indicates that CyberConnector can save about 80% of data customization time. In addition, it can simplify the steps to plug in a data source into an ESM and lower the entry barriers for beginners to use EO data in ESMs.

Effects of Prosthetic Material and Framework Design on Stress Distribution in Dental Implants and Peripheral Bone: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis.

PubMed

Arinc, Hakan

2018-06-22

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of prosthetic material and framework design on the stress within dental implants and peripheral bone using finite element analysis (FEA). MATERIAL AND METHODS A mandibular implant-supported fixed dental prosthesis with different prosthetic materials [cobalt-chromium-supported ceramic (C), zirconia-supported ceramic (Z), and zirconia-reinforced polymethyl methacrylate (ZRPMMA)-supported resin (ZP)] and different connector widths (2, 3, and 4 mm) within the framework were used to evaluate stress via FEA under oblique loading conditions. Maximum principal (smax), minimum principal (smin), and von Mises (svM) stress values were obtained. RESULTS Minimum stress values were observed in the model with a 2-mm connector width for C and ZP. The models with 3-mm and 4-mm connector widths showed higher stress values than the model with a 2-mm connector width for C (48-50%) and ZP (50-52%). Similar stress values were observed in the 3- and 4-mm models. There was no significant difference in the amount of stress with Z regardless of connector width. The Z and ZP models showed similar stress values in the 3- and 4-mm models and higher stress values than in the C model. Z, ZP, and C showed the highest stress values for the model with a 2-mm connector width. CONCLUSIONS Changes in the material and width of connectors may influence stress on cortical bone, cancellous bone, and implants. C was associated with the lowest stress values. Higher maximum and minimum principal stress values were seen in cortical bone compared to cancellous bone.

Smaller but Fully Functional Backshell for Cable Connector

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stephenson, Gregory

2009-01-01

An improved design for the backshell of a connector for a shielded, multiplewire cable reduces the size of the backshell, relative to traditional designs of backshells of otherwise identical cable connectors. Notwithstanding the reduction in size, the design provides all the functionality typically demanded of such a backshell, including (1) termination of the cable shield (that is, grounding of the shield to the backshell), (2) strain relief for the cable, and (3) protection against electromagnetic interference (EMI).

Tool for Torquing Circular Electrical-Connector Collars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gaulke, Kathryn; Werneth, Russell; Grunsfeld, John; O'Neill, Patrick; Snyder, Russ

2006-01-01

An improved tool has been devised for applying torque to lock and unlock knurled collars on circular electrical connectors. The tool was originally designed for, and used by, astronauts working in outer space on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The tool is readily adaptable to terrestrial use in installing and removing the same or similar circular electrical connectors as well as a wide variety of other cylindrical objects, the tightening and loosening of which entail considerable amounts of torque.

Cables and connectors: A compilation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

A compilation is presented that reflects the uses, adaptation, and maintenance plus service, that are innovations derived from problem solutions in the space R and D programs, both in house and by NASA and AEC contractors. Data cover: (1) technology revelant to the employment of flat conductor cables and their adaptation to and within conventional systems, (2) connectors and various adaptations, and (3) maintenance and service technology, and shop hints useful in the installation and care of cables and connectors.

Modeling and characteristic of the SMT Board Plug connector in high speed optical communication system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Haoran; Dong, Zhenzhen; Wang, Tanglin; Zhao, Heng; Feng, Junbo; Cui, Naidi; Teng, Jie; Guo, Jin

2015-04-01

Modeling and characteristic of the SMT Board Plug connector, which is used to connect micro optical transceiver to the main board, are proposed and analyzed in this paper. When the high speed signal transfers from the PCB of transceiver to main board through SMT Board Plug connector, the structure and material discontinuity of the connector causes insertion losses and impedance mismatches. This makes the performance of high speed digital system exacerbated. So it is essential to analyze the signal transfer characteristics of the connector and find out what factors affected the signal quality at the design stage of the digital system. To solve this problem, Ansoft's High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), based on the finite element method, was employed to build accurate 3D models, analyze the effects of various structure parameters, and obtain the full-wave characteristics of the SMT Board Plug connectors in this paper. Then an equivalent circuit model was developed. The circuit parameters were extracted precisely in the frequency range of interests by using the curve fitting method in ADS software, and the result was in good agreement with HFSS simulations up to 8GHz with different structure parameters. At last, the measurement results of S-parameter and eye diagram were given and the S-parameters showed good coincidence between the measurement and HFSS simulation up to 4GHz.

Influence of the width and cross-sectional shape of major connectors of maxillary dentures on the accuracy of speech production.

PubMed

Wada, Junichiro; Hideshima, Masayuki; Inukai, Shusuke; Matsuura, Hiroshi; Wakabayashi, Noriyuki

2014-01-01

To investigate the effects of the width and cross-sectional shape of the major connectors of maxillary dentures located in the middle area of the palate on the accuracy of phonetic output of consonants using an originally developed speech recognition system. Nine adults (4 males and 5 females, aged 24-26 years) with sound dentition were recruited. The following six sounds were considered: [∫i], [t∫i], [ɾi], [ni], [çi], and [ki]. The experimental connectors were fabricated to simulate bars (narrow, 8-mm width) and plates (wide, 20-mm width). Two types of cross-sectional shapes in the sagittal plane were specified: flat and plump edge. The appearance ratio of phonetic segment labels was calculated with the speech recognition system to indicate the accuracy of phonetic output. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. The mean appearance ratio of correct labels (MARC) significantly decreased for [ni] with the plump edge (narrow connector) and for [ki] with both the flat and plump edge (wide connectors). For [çi], the MARCs tended to be lower with flat plates. There were no significant differences for the other consonants. The width and cross-sectional shape of the connectors had limited effects on the articulation of consonants at the palate. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

KSC-07pd3652

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-12-21

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At Launch Pad 39A, a United Space Alliance technician carefully cuts away the foam insulation surrounding the covers over the feed-through connector box on the external tank for space shuttle Atlantis' STS-122 mission. The covers will be removed for access to the feed-through connectors. Following the failure of some of the tank's engine cutoff sensors, or ECO sensors, during propellant tanking for launch attempts on Dec. 6 and Dec. 9, a tanking test was conducted on Dec. 18 to aid in troubleshooting the cause. Technicians spliced test wiring into the ECO sensor electrical system and used time domain reflectometry equipment to help locate the electrical anomaly. Results of the tanking test pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. During the holiday period, workers from Lockheed Martin will begin inspecting and testing the connector. Shuttle program managers will meet on Dec. 27 to review the test and analysis, and decide on a forward plan. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Wideband fiber optic communications link

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bray, J. R.

1984-12-01

This thesis examined the feasibility of upgrading a nine port fiber optic bundle telecommunications system to a single strand fiber optic system. Usable pieces of equipment were identified and new Light Emitting Diodes (LED), Photodetectors and single strand SMA styled fiber optic connectors were ordered. Background research was conducted in the area of fiber optic power launching, fiber losses, connector losses and efficiencies. A new modulation/demodulation circuit was designed and constructed using parts from unused equipment. A new front panel was constructed to house the components, switches and connectors. A 2-m piece of optical fiber was terminated with the new connectors and tested for connector loss, numeric aperture and attenuation. The new LED was characterized by its emission radiation pattern and the entire system was tested for functional operation, frequency response and bandwidth of operation. An operations manual was prepared to ensure proper use in the future. The result was a two piece, single strand, fiber optic communications systems fully TTL compatible, capable of transmitting digital signals from 80 Kbit/sec to 20 Mbit/sec. The system was tested in a half duplex mode using both baseband and carrier modulated signals.

KSC-08pd0078

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-23

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Quality inspectors with NASA and Lockheed Martin examine a red-line drawing of foam placement on space shuttle Atlantis's external tank (in front of them) to verify the foam insulation that was reapplied. The foam covers the feed-through engine cut-off, or ECO, sensor connector. The foam was removed to enable engineers to remove and replace the ECO sensor connector on the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The pins in the replacement connector were precisely soldered to create a connection that allows sensors inside the tank to send signals to the computers onboard Atlantis. The repair work was done on Atlantis while the shuttle has been on Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center. The launch date for the shuttle's STS-122 mission has now been targeted for Feb. 7. Photo credit: NASA/Cory Husten

KSC-08pd0077

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-23

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Quality inspectors with NASA and Lockheed Martin examine a red-line drawing of foam placement on space shuttle Atlantis's external tank (in front of them) to verify the foam insulation that was reapplied. The foam covers the feed-through engine cut-off, or ECO, sensor connector. The foam was removed to enable engineers to remove and replace the ECO sensor connector on the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The pins in the replacement connector were precisely soldered to create a connection that allows sensors inside the tank to send signals to the computers onboard Atlantis. The repair work was done on Atlantis while the shuttle has been on Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center. The launch date for the shuttle's STS-122 mission has now been targeted for Feb. 7. Photo credit: NASA/Cory Husten

KSC-08pd0008

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-04

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At a lab at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, the first two of nine pins have been soldered to the socket of the replacement feed-through connector that will be installed in the external fuel tank for space shuttle Atlantis' STS-122 mission. Two United Launch Alliance technicians, who performed this exacting task on the Centaur upper stage for Atlas and Titan launches in 1994, will be doing the soldering. Soldering the connector pins and sockets together addresses the most likely cause of a problem in the engine cutoff sensor system, or ECO system. Some of the tank's ECO sensors failed during propellant tanking for launch attempts on Dec. 6 and Dec. 9. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. After the soldering is completed and the connector is reinstalled, shuttle program managers will decide on how to proceed. The launch date for mission STS-122 is under review. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-08pd0007

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-04

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At a lab at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, the first two of nine pins have been soldered to the socket of the replacement feed-through connector that will be installed in the external fuel tank for space shuttle Atlantis' STS-122 mission. Two United Launch Alliance technicians, who performed this exacting task on the Centaur upper stage for Atlas and Titan launches in 1994, will be doing the soldering. Soldering the connector pins and sockets together addresses the most likely cause of a problem in the engine cutoff sensor system, or ECO system. Some of the tank's ECO sensors failed during propellant tanking for launch attempts on Dec. 6 and Dec. 9. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. After the soldering is completed and the connector is reinstalled, shuttle program managers will decide on how to proceed. The launch date for mission STS-122 is under review. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-08pd0080

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-23

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Quality inspectors with NASA and Lockheed Martin examine a red-line drawing of foam placement on space shuttle Atlantis's external tank (in front of them) to verify the foam insulation that was reapplied. The foam covers the feed-through engine cut-off, or ECO, sensor connector. The foam was removed to enable engineers to remove and replace the ECO sensor connector on the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The pins in the replacement connector were precisely soldered to create a connection that allows sensors inside the tank to send signals to the computers onboard Atlantis. The repair work was done on Atlantis while the shuttle has been on Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center. The launch date for the shuttle's STS-122 mission has now been targeted for Feb. 7. Photo credit: NASA/Cory Husten

KSC-08pd0079

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-23

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Quality inspectors with NASA and Lockheed Martin examine a red-line drawing of foam placement on space shuttle Atlantis's external tank (in front of them) to verify the foam insulation that was reapplied. The foam covers the feed-through engine cut-off, or ECO, sensor connector. The foam was removed to enable engineers to remove and replace the ECO sensor connector on the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The pins in the replacement connector were precisely soldered to create a connection that allows sensors inside the tank to send signals to the computers onboard Atlantis. The repair work was done on Atlantis while the shuttle has been on Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center. The launch date for the shuttle's STS-122 mission has now been targeted for Feb. 7. Photo credit: NASA/Cory Husten

Method for compression of binary data

DOEpatents

Berlin, Gary J.

1996-01-01

The disclosed method for compression of a series of data bytes, based on LZSS-based compression methods, provides faster decompression of the stored data. The method involves the creation of a flag bit buffer in a random access memory device for temporary storage of flag bits generated during normal LZSS-based compression. The flag bit buffer stores the flag bits separately from their corresponding pointers and uncompressed data bytes until all input data has been read. Then, the flag bits are appended to the compressed output stream of data. Decompression can be performed much faster because bit manipulation is only required when reading the flag bits and not when reading uncompressed data bytes and pointers. Uncompressed data is read using byte length instructions and pointers are read using word instructions, thus reducing the time required for decompression.

JPEG XS-based frame buffer compression inside HEVC for power-aware video compression

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Willème, Alexandre; Descampe, Antonin; Rouvroy, Gaël.; Pellegrin, Pascal; Macq, Benoit

2017-09-01

With the emergence of Ultra-High Definition video, reference frame buffers (FBs) inside HEVC-like encoders and decoders have to sustain huge bandwidth. The power consumed by these external memory accesses accounts for a significant share of the codec's total consumption. This paper describes a solution to significantly decrease the FB's bandwidth, making HEVC encoder more suitable for use in power-aware applications. The proposed prototype consists in integrating an embedded lightweight, low-latency and visually lossless codec at the FB interface inside HEVC in order to store each reference frame as several compressed bitstreams. As opposed to previous works, our solution compresses large picture areas (ranging from a CTU to a frame stripe) independently in order to better exploit the spatial redundancy found in the reference frame. This work investigates two data reuse schemes namely Level-C and Level-D. Our approach is made possible thanks to simplified motion estimation mechanisms further reducing the FB's bandwidth and inducing very low quality degradation. In this work, we integrated JPEG XS, the upcoming standard for lightweight low-latency video compression, inside HEVC. In practice, the proposed implementation is based on HM 16.8 and on XSM 1.1.2 (JPEG XS Test Model). Through this paper, the architecture of our HEVC with JPEG XS-based frame buffer compression is described. Then its performance is compared to HM encoder. Compared to previous works, our prototype provides significant external memory bandwidth reduction. Depending on the reuse scheme, one can expect bandwidth and FB size reduction ranging from 50% to 83.3% without significant quality degradation.

Electrical-splicing connector

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stringer, E. J.

1977-01-01

Connection can be made without removing insulation, and connector case insulates splice. Device can be made in various sizes and saves time, especially when working on prototype boards with several interconnecting test leads.

The radiation impedance of an electrodynamic tether with end connectors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hastings, Daniel E.; Wang, J.

1987-01-01

Electrodynamic tethers are wires deployed across the earth's geomagnetic field through which a current is flowing. The radiation impedance of a tether with end connectors carrying an ac current is computed from classical antenna theory. This simulates the use of a tether on a space structure. It is shown that the current flow pattern at the tether connector is critical to determining the overall radiation impedance. If the tether makes direct electrical contact with the ionosphere then radiation impedances of the order of several thousand Ohms can be expected. If the only electrical contact is through the end connectors then the impedance is only a few Ohms for a dc current rising to several tens of Ohms for an ac current with frequencies in the whistler range.

KSC-08pd0070

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-17

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- On Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, technicians prepare the cover to be installed over the engine cutoff, or ECO, sensor system connector and wiring on space shuttle space shuttle Atlantis' external tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The pins in the replacement connector were precisely soldered to create a connection that allows sensors inside the tank to send signals to the computers onboard Atlantis. The launch date for the shuttle's STS-122 mission has now been targeted for Feb. 7. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Optimization of Connector Position Offset for Bandwidth Enhancement of a Multimode Optical Fiber Link

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rawat, Banmali

2000-01-01

The multimode fiber bandwidth enhancement techniques to meet the Gigabit Ethernet standards for local area networks (LAN) of the Kennedy Space Center and other NASA centers have been discussed. Connector with lateral offset coupling between single mode launch fiber cable and the multimode fiber cable has been thoroughly investigated. An optimization of connector position offset for 8 km long optical fiber link at 1300 nm with 9 micrometer diameter single mode fiber (SMF) and 50 micrometer diameter multimode fiber (MMF) coupling has been obtained. The optimization is done in terms of bandwidth, eye-pattern, and bit pattern measurements. It is simpler, is a highly practical approach and is cheaper as no additional cost to manufacture the offset type of connectors is involved.

Smart patch integration development of compression connector structural health monitoring in overhead transmission lines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Hong; Wang, Jy-An J.; Ren, Fei; Chan, John

2016-04-01

Integration of smart patches into full-tension splice connectors in overhead power transmission lines was investigated. Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) -5A was used as a smart material and an aluminum beam was used as a host structure. Negative electrode termination was examined by using copper adhesive tape and direct bonding methods. Various commercial adhesives were studied for PZT integration onto the host structure. Aluminum beam specimens with integrated PZT smart patches were tested under thermal cycling at a temperature of 125°C, which is the higher-end temperature experienced by in-service aluminum conductor steel-reinforced cables. Electromechanical impedance (EMI) measurements were conducted at room temperature, and the root mean square deviation (RMSD) of the conductance signals was used to analyze the EMI data. It has been shown that the negative electrode method has an important effect on the performance of the integrated PZT. The PZT displayed more susceptibility to cracking when copper tape was used than when direct bonding was used. The reliability of PZT in direct bonding depended on the adhesives used in bonding layers. Although a hard alumina-based adhesive can lead to cracking of the PZT, a high-temperature epoxy with adequate flexibility, such as Duralco 4538D, can provide the desired performance under target thermal cycling conditions. The RMSD parameter can characterize conductance signatures effectively. It also was demonstrated that RMSD can be used to quantify the fatigue of the PZT integration system, although RMSD is used primarily as a damage index in monitoring structural health.

Distributed Coding of Compressively Sensed Sources

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goukhshtein, Maxim

In this work we propose a new method for compressing multiple correlated sources with a very low-complexity encoder in the presence of side information. Our approach uses ideas from compressed sensing and distributed source coding. At the encoder, syndromes of the quantized compressively sensed sources are generated and transmitted. The decoder uses side information to predict the compressed sources. The predictions are then used to recover the quantized measurements via a two-stage decoding process consisting of bitplane prediction and syndrome decoding. Finally, guided by the structure of the sources and the side information, the sources are reconstructed from the recovered measurements. As a motivating example, we consider the compression of multispectral images acquired on board satellites, where resources, such as computational power and memory, are scarce. Our experimental results exhibit a significant improvement in the rate-distortion trade-off when compared against approaches with similar encoder complexity.

Electrical stator

DOEpatents

Fanning, Alan W.; Olich, Eugene E.

1994-01-01

An electrical stator of an electromagnetic pump includes first and second spaced apart coils each having input and output terminals for carrying electrical current. An elongate electrical connector extends between the first and second coils and has first and second opposite ends. The connector ends include respective slots receiving therein respective ones of the coil terminals to define respective first and second joints. Each of the joints includes a braze filler fixedly joining the connector ends to the respective coil terminals for carrying electrical current therethrough.

Dust Tolerant Connectors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mueller, Robert P. (Inventor); Lewis, Mark E. (Inventor); Bastin, Gary L. (Inventor); Branch, Matthew C. (Inventor); Carlson, Jeffrey W. (Inventor); Dokos, Adam G. (Inventor); Murtland, Kevin A. (Inventor); Nugent, Matthew W. (Inventor); Tamasy, Gabor J. (Inventor); Townsend, III, Ivan I. (Inventor)

2016-01-01

Methods and systems may provide for debris exclusion and removal apparatuses for connectors which have inverting end caps with a multi-axis lever configuration, inverting end caps with enlarged handle and/or side rail configurations, rotating end cap configurations, poppet valve configurations, O-ring configurations, filament barrier configurations, retractable cover configurations, clamshell end cap configurations, or any combination thereof. Apparatuses may also provide for an intelligent electrical connector system capable of detecting damage to or faults within a plurality of conductors and then rerouting the energy through a non-damaged spare conductor.

Piping Connector

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1994-01-01

In Stennis Space Center's Component Test Facility, piping lines carry rocket propellants and high pressure cryogenic fuels. When the lines are chilled to a pretest temperature of 400 degrees below zero, ordinary piping connectors can leak. Under contract to Stennis, Reflange, Inc. developed the T-Con connector, which included a secondary seal that tolerates severe temperature change. Because of the limited need for the large and expensive T-Con product, Reflange also developed the less costly E-Con, a smaller more compact design with the same technical advantages as the T-Con.

Compression in wearable sensor nodes: impacts of node topology.

PubMed

Imtiaz, Syed Anas; Casson, Alexander J; Rodriguez-Villegas, Esther

2014-04-01

Wearable sensor nodes monitoring the human body must operate autonomously for very long periods of time. Online and low-power data compression embedded within the sensor node is therefore essential to minimize data storage/transmission overheads. This paper presents a low-power MSP430 compressive sensing implementation for providing such compression, focusing particularly on the impact of the sensor node architecture on the compression performance. Compression power performance is compared for four different sensor nodes incorporating different strategies for wireless transmission/on-sensor-node local storage of data. The results demonstrate that the compressive sensing used must be designed differently depending on the underlying node topology, and that the compression strategy should not be guided only by signal processing considerations. We also provide a practical overview of state-of-the-art sensor node topologies. Wireless transmission of data is often preferred as it offers increased flexibility during use, but in general at the cost of increased power consumption. We demonstrate that wireless sensor nodes can highly benefit from the use of compressive sensing and now can achieve power consumptions comparable to, or better than, the use of local memory.

A review of shape memory material’s applications in the offshore oil and gas industry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Patil, Devendra; Song, Gangbing

2017-09-01

The continuously increasing demand for oil and gas and the depleting number of new large reservoir discoveries have made it necessary for the oil and gas industry to investigate and design new, improved technologies that unlock new sources of energy and squeeze more from existing resources. Shape memory materials (SMM), with their remarkable properties such as the shape memory effect (SME), corrosion resistance, and superelasticity have shown great potential to meet these demands by significantly improving the functionality and durability of offshore systems. Shape memory alloy (SMA) and shape memory polymer (SMP) are two types of most commonly used SMM’s and are ideally suited for use over a range of robust engineering applications found within the oil and gas industry, such as deepwater actuators, valves, underwater connectors, seals, self-torqueing fasteners and sand management. The potential high strain and high force output of the SME of SMA can be harnessed to create a lightweight, solid state alternative to conventional hydraulic, pneumatic or motor based actuator systems. The phase transformation property enables the SMA to withstand erosive stresses, which is useful for minimizing the effect of erosion often experienced by downhole devices. The superelasticity of the SMA provides good energy dissipation, and can overcome the various defects and limitations suffered by conventional passive damping methods. The higher strain recovery during SME makes SMP ideal for developments of packers and sand management in downhole. The increasing number of SMM related research papers and patents from oil and gas industry indicate the growing research interest of the industry to implement SMM in offshore applications. This paper reviews the recent developments and applications of SMM in the offshore oil and gas industry.

Properties of a Ni(sub 19.5)Pd(sub 30)Ti(sub 50.5) high-temperature shape memory alloy in tension and compression

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Noebe, Ronald; Padula, Santo, II; Bigelow, Glen; Rios, Orlando; Garg, Anita; Lerch, Brad

2006-01-01

Potential applications involving high-temperature shape memory alloys have been growing in recent years. Even in those cases where promising new alloys have been identified, the knowledge base for such materials contains gaps crucial to their maturation and implementation in actuator and other applications. We begin to address this issue by characterizing the mechanical behavior of a Ni19.5Pd30Ti50.5 high-temperature shape memory alloy in both uniaxial tension and compression at various temperatures. Differences in the isothermal uniaxial deformation behavior were most notable at test temperatures below the martensite finish temperature. The elastic modulus of the material was very dependent on strain level; therefore, dynamic Young#s Modulus was determined as a function of temperature by an impulse excitation technique. More importantly, the performance of a thermally activated actuator material is dependent on the work output of the alloy. Consequently, the strain-temperature response of the Ni19.5Pd30Ti50.5 alloy under various loads was determined in both tension and compression and the specific work output calculated and compared in both loading conditions. It was found that the transformation strain and thus, the specific work output were similar regardless of the loading condition. Also, in both tension and compression, the strain-temperature loops determined under constant load conditions did not close due to the fact that the transformation strain during cooling was always larger than the transformation strain during heating. This was apparently the result of permanent plastic deformation of the martensite phase with each cycle. Consequently, before this alloy can be used under cyclic actuation conditions, modification of the microstructure or composition would be required to increase the resistance of the alloy to plastic deformation by slip.

The Impact of Nitinol Staples on the Compressive Forces, Contact Area, and Mechanical Properties in Comparison to a Claw Plate and Crossed Screws for the First Tarsometatarsal Arthrodesis.

PubMed

Aiyer, Amiethab; Russell, Nicholas A; Pelletier, Matthew H; Myerson, Mark; Walsh, William R

2016-06-01

Background The optimal fixation method for the first tarsometatarsal arthrodesis remains controversial. This study aimed to develop a reproducible first tarsometatarsal testing model to evaluate the biomechanical performance of different reconstruction techniques. Methods Crossed screws or a claw plate were compared with a single or double shape memory alloy staple configuration in 20 Sawbones models. Constructs were mechanically tested in 4-point bending to 1, 2, and 3 mm of plantar displacement. The joint contact force and area were measured at time zero, and following 1 and 2 mm of bending. Peak load, stiffness, and plantar gapping were determined. Results Both staple configurations induced a significantly greater contact force and area across the arthrodesis than the crossed screw and claw plate constructs at all measurements. The staple constructs completely recovered their plantar gapping following each test. The claw plate generated the least contact force and area at the joint interface and had significantly greater plantar gapping than all other constructs. The crossed screw constructs were significantly stiffer and had significantly less plantar gapping than the other constructs, but this gapping was not recoverable. Conclusions Crossed screw fixation provides a rigid arthrodesis with limited compression and contact footprint across the joint. Shape memory alloy staples afford dynamic fixation with sustained compression across the arthrodesis. A rigid polyurethane foam model provides an anatomically relevant comparison for evaluating the interface between different fixation techniques. Clinical Relevance The dynamic nature of shape memory alloy staples offers the potential to permit early weight bearing and could be a useful adjunctive device to impart compression across an arthrodesis of the first tarsometatarsal joint. Therapeutic, Level V: Bench testing. © 2015 The Author(s).

Influence of Ce addition on biomedical porous Ti-51 atomic percentage (at. %) Ni shape memory alloy fabricated by microwave sintering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ibrahim, Mustafa K.; Hamzah, E.; Saud, Safaa N.; Nazim, E. M.; Bahador, A.

2017-12-01

Ti-Ni and Ti-Ni-Ce shape memory alloys (SMAs) were successfully fabricated by microwave sintering. The improvement of the mechanical properties especially the elastic modulus is the most important criterion in this research. The high elastic modulus problems are the most critical issues frequently encountered in hard tissue replacement applications. The effect of Ce addition with four atomic percentages (0 %, 0.19 %, 0.385 % and, 1.165 %) on the microstructure, phase composition, transformation temperatures and mechanical properties was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), and compression test. The microstructure shows plates-like with needles-like inside the titanium-rich region. The compression strain was improved, but reduces the compression strength. The addition of cerium improved the properties by reducing the elastic modulus to be very close to the natural human bone, also the microwave sintering gives TiNi SMAs with low elastic modulus comparing with other methods. Based on the results, the 0.385 at. % Ce exhibited a remarkable highest compressive strain and lower elastic modulus compared with the other percentages. In conclusion, the present results indicate that Ti-Ni-Ce SMAs could be a potential alternative to improve Ti-51 at %Ni SMAs for certain biomedical applications.

Prediction on flexural strength of encased composite beam with cold-formed steel section

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khadavi, Tahir, M. M.

2017-11-01

A flexural strength of composite beam designed as boxed shaped section comprised of lipped C-channel of cold-formed steel (CFS) facing each other with reinforcement bars is proposed in this paper. The boxed shaped is kept restrained in position by a profiled metal decking installed on top of the beam to form a slab system. This profiled decking slab is cast by using self-compacting concrete where the concrete is in compression when load is applied to the beam. Reinforcement bars are used as shear connector between slab and CFS as beam. A numerical analysis method proposed by EC4 is used to predict the flexural strength of the proposed composite beam. It was assumed that elasto-plastic behaviour is developed in the cross -sectional of the proposed beam. The calculated predicted flexural strength of the proposed beam shows reasonable flexural strength for cold-formed composite beam.

Capillary interconnect device

DOEpatents

Renzi, Ronald F.

2007-12-25

A manifold for connecting external capillaries to the inlet and/or outlet ports of a microfluidic device for high pressure applications is provided. The fluid connector for coupling at least one fluid conduit to a corresponding port of a substrate that includes: (i) a manifold comprising one or more channels extending therethrough wherein each channel is at least partially threaded, (ii) one or more threaded ferrules each defining a bore extending therethrough with each ferrule supporting a fluid conduit wherein each ferrule is threaded into a channel of the manifold, (iii) a substrate having one or more ports on its upper surface wherein the substrate is positioned below the manifold so that the one or more ports is aligned with the one or more channels of the manifold, and (iv) means for applying an axial compressive force to the substrate to couple the one or more ports of the substrate to a corresponding proximal end of a fluid conduit.

Apparatus for measuring surface particulate contamination

DOEpatents

Woodmansee, Donald E.

2002-01-01

An apparatus for measuring surface particulate contamination includes a tool for collecting a contamination sample from a target surface, a mask having an opening of known area formed therein for defining the target surface, and a flexible connector connecting the tool to the mask. The tool includes a body portion having a large diameter section defining a surface and a small diameter section extending from the large diameter section. A particulate collector is removably mounted on the surface of the large diameter section for collecting the contaminants. The tool further includes a spindle extending from the small diameter section and a spool slidingly mounted on the spindle. A spring is disposed between the small diameter section and the spool for biasing the spool away from the small diameter section. An indicator is provided on the spindle so as to be revealed when the spool is pressed downward to compress the spring.

Breakdown-Resistant RF Connectors for Vacuum

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Caro, Edward R.; Bonazza, Walter J.

1987-01-01

Resilient inserts compensate for insulation shrinkage. Coaxial-cable connector for radio-frequency (RF) energy resists electrical breakdown in vacuum. Used on RF equipment in vacuum chambers as well as in spaceborne radar and communication gear.

Improvement of sound insulation performance of double-glazed windows by using viscoelastic connectors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Takahashi, D.; Sawaki, S.; Mu, R.-L.

2016-06-01

A new method for improving the sound insulation performance of double-glazed windows is proposed. This technique uses viscoelastic materials as connectors between the two glass panels to ensure that the appropriate spacing is maintained. An analytical model that makes it possible to discuss the effects of spacing, contact area, and viscoelastic properties of the connectors on the performance in terms of sound insulation is developed. The validity of the model is verified by comparing its results with measured data. The numerical experiments using this analytical model showed the importance of the ability of the connectors to achieve the appropriate spacing and their viscoelastic properties, both of which are necessary for improving the sound insulation performance. In addition, it was shown that the most effective factor is damping: the stronger the damping, the more the insulation performance increases.

Experimental study on the strength of double shear timber connection using bamboo dowel fastener

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anshari, Buan; Sugiartha, Wayan; Mahmud, Fathmah; Rofaida, Aryani; Pathurrahman

2017-11-01

Utilization of timber and bamboo as building materials was very promising for now and future. As renewable resources they have high mechanical properties, lightweight, environmentally friendly and economic. Utilization of bamboo as connector was rarely published. Therefore, this study focused on utilization of non-metal material as connector in timber structure especially for beam and column. This research was conducted in the laboratory to examine the strength of double shear timber connection by using glued in rods (bamboo dowel) as connector with variation of adhesive thickness. As control specimen was used bamboo dowel Ø14 mm without adhesive in double shear connection. The results showed that the strength of double shear timber connection by using glued in rods (bamboo dowel) as connector could increased by 41% to resist axial force higher than the control one.

Integrated electrical connector

DOEpatents

Benett, William J.; Ackler, Harold D.

2005-05-24

An electrical connector is formed from a sheet of electrically conductive material that lies in between the two layers of nonconducting material that comprise the casing of an electrical chip. The connector is electrically connected to an electrical element embedded within the chip. An opening in the sheet is concentrically aligned with a pair of larger holes respectively bored through the nonconducting layers. The opening is also smaller than the diameter of an electrically conductive contact pin. However, the sheet is composed flexible material so that the opening adapts to the diameter of the pin when the pin is inserted therethrough. The periphery of the opening applies force to the sides of the pin when the pin is inserted, and thus holds the pin within the opening and in contact with the sheet, by friction. The pin can be withdrawn from the connector by applying sufficient axial force.

KSC-08pd0036

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-13

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- This closeup shows the final splicing completed on the wiring between space shuttle Atlantis' external tank and the engine cutoff, or ECO, sensor system before the replacement feed-through connector in the ECO sensor system is installed. Cryogenic shielding is installed around the wiring. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The pins in the replacement connector have been precisely soldered to create a connection that allows sensors inside the tank to send signals to the computers onboard Atlantis. The work is being done on Launch Pad 39A. Space shuttle Atlantis is now targeted for launch on Feb. 7. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

Connector adapter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dean, Richard J. (Inventor); Hacker, Scott C. (Inventor); Burge, Scott W. (Inventor); Dartez, Toby W. (Inventor)

2007-01-01

An adapter for installing a connector to a terminal post, wherein the connector is attached to a cable, is presented. In an embodiment, the adapter is comprised of an elongated collet member having a longitudinal axis comprised of a first collet member end, a second collet member end, an outer collet member surface, and an inner collet member surface. The inner collet member surface at the first collet member end is used to engage the connector. The outer collet member surface at the first collet member end is tapered for a predetermined first length at a predetermined taper angle. The collet includes a longitudinal slot that extends along the longitudinal axis initiating at the first collet member end for a predetermined second length. The first collet member end is formed of a predetermined number of sections segregated by a predetermined number of channels and the longitudinal slot.

Dust-Tolerant Intelligent Electrical Connection System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lewis, Mark; Dokos, Adam; Perotti, Jose; Calle, Carlos; Mueller, Robert; Bastin, Gary; Carlson, Jeffrey; Townsend, Ivan, III; Immer, Chirstopher; Medelius, Pedro

2012-01-01

Faults in wiring systems are a serious concern for the aerospace and aeronautic (commercial, military, and civilian) industries. Circuit failures and vehicle accidents have occurred and have been attributed to faulty wiring created by open and/or short circuits. Often, such circuit failures occur due to vibration during vehicle launch or operation. Therefore, developing non-intrusive fault-tolerant techniques is necessary to detect circuit faults and automatically route signals through alternate recovery paths while the vehicle or lunar surface systems equipment is in operation. Electrical connector concepts combining dust mitigation strategies and cable diagnostic technologies have significant application for lunar and Martian surface systems, as well as for dusty terrestrial applications. The dust-tolerant intelligent electrical connection system has several novel concepts and unique features. It combines intelligent cable diagnostics (health monitoring) and automatic circuit routing capabilities into a dust-tolerant electrical umbilical. It retrofits a clamshell protective dust cover to an existing connector for reduced gravity operation, and features a universal connector housing with three styles of dust protection: inverted cap, rotating cap, and clamshell. It uses a self-healing membrane as a dust barrier for electrical connectors where required, while also combining lotus leaf technology for applications where a dust-resistant coating providing low surface tension is needed to mitigate Van der Waals forces, thereby disallowing dust particle adhesion to connector surfaces. It also permits using a ruggedized iris mechanism with an embedded electrodynamic dust shield as a dust barrier for electrical connectors where required.

An in vitro comparison of standard cleaning to a continuous passive disinfection cap for the decontamination of needle-free connectors.

PubMed

Casey, Anna L; Karpanen, Tarja J; Nightingale, Peter; Elliott, Tom S J

2018-01-01

The optimal decontamination method for needle-free connectors is still unresolved. The objective of this study was to determine if a continuous passive disinfection cap is as effective as standard cleaning for the microbial decontamination of injection ports of two types of needle-free connectors. The injection ports of needle-free connectors were inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus and allowed to dry. Disinfection caps containing 70% ( v / v ) isopropyl alcohol (IPA) were attached to the connectors for one, three or 7 days and were compared with needle-free connectors cleaned with 2% ( w / v ) chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) in 70% ( v/v ) IPA. The number of S. aureus remaining on the injection ports was evaluated. Median log 10 reductions and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated and data analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. The application of the disinfection cap resulted in a significantly higher reduction in S. aureus than the 2% ( w / v ) CHG in 70% ( v / v ) IPA wipe, achieving a > 5 Log 10 reduction in CFU at each time point. The disinfection caps resulted in a significantly higher reduction in S.aureus on the injection ports when compared to the use of a 2% ( w/v ) CHG in 70% ( v/v ) IPA wipe. This offers an explanation for the lower rates of central-line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) associated with the use of disinfection caps reported in clinical studies.

TJC: plan and prepare for the transition to new tubing connectors to minimize the risk of dangerous misconnections, clinician frustration.

PubMed

2014-12-01

To reduce the risk of dangerous tubing misconnections, the ISO is rolling out new tubing connector standards that will eventually make it nearly impossible for tubing associated with one delivery system to be connected to a delivery system that serves a different purpose. Experts welcome the change, noting that tubing misconnections that cause injury and even death have been happening for years. However, TJC has issued a Sentinel Event Alert, warning that health care organizations need to be vigilant in managing the risk posed by these misconnections during the phased-in transition to the new connectors. Experts explain that tubing misconnections occur because many different types of tubing utilize the same Leur connector, making it possible for a clinician to mistakenly connect a tube to the wrong delivery system. The most common type of tubing misconnection reported to the ISMP is when a clinician wants to administer something to a patient through a feeding tube, but accidently administers the substance through an IV tube instead. The first new connector, called the ENFit, is going to be for enteral feeding tubes. It will not connect to IV tubing, making that type of misconnection unlikely. The new connector should be available early next year. Since hospitals will continue to use older tubing until their supplies are exhausted, manufacturers will temporarily provide adapters capable of making new administration sets compatible with older tubing.

Zipper Connectors for Flexible Electronic Circuits

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barnes, Kevin N.

2003-01-01

Devices that look and function much like conventional zippers on clothing have been proposed as connectors for flexible electronic circuits. Heretofore, flexible electronic circuits have commonly included rigid connectors like those of conventional rigid electronic circuits. The proposed zipper connectors would make it possible to connect and disconnect flexible circuits quickly and easily. Moreover, the flexibility of zipper connectors would make them more (relative to rigid connectors) compatible with flexible circuits, so that the advantages of flexible circuitry could be realized more fully. Like a conventional zipper, a zipper according to the proposal would include teeth anchored on flexible tapes, a slider with a loosely attached clasp, a box at one end of the rows of mating teeth, and stops at the opposite ends. The tapes would be made of a plastic or other dielectric material. On each of the two mating sides of the zipper, metal teeth would alternate with dielectric (plastic) teeth, there being two metal teeth for each plastic one. When the zipper was closed, each metal tooth from one side would be in mechanical and electrical contact with a designated metal tooth from the other side, and these mating metal teeth would be electrically insulated from the next pair of mating metal teeth by an intervening plastic tooth. The metal teeth would be soldered or crimped to copper tabs. Wires or other conductors connected to electronic circuits would be soldered or crimped to the ends of the tabs opposite the teeth.

Korsakoff syndrome from retrochiasmatic suprasellar lesions: rapid reversal after relief of cerebral compression in 4 cases.

PubMed

Savastano, Luis E; Hollon, Todd C; Barkan, Ariel L; Sullivan, Stephen E

2018-06-01

Korsakoff syndrome is a chronic memory disorder caused by a severe deficiency of thiamine that is most commonly observed in alcoholics. However, some have proposed that focal structural lesions disrupting memory circuits-in particular, the mammillary bodies, the mammillothalamic tract, and the anterior thalamus-can give rise to this amnestic syndrome. Here, the authors present 4 patients with reversible Korsakoff syndromes caused by suprasellar retrochiasmatic lesions compressing the mammillary bodies and adjacent caudal hypothalamic structures. Three of the patients were found to have large pituitary macroadenomas in their workup for memory deficiency and cognitive decline with minimal visual symptoms. These tumors extended superiorly into the suprasellar region in a retrochiasmatic position and caused significant mass effect in the bilateral mammillary bodies in the base of the brain. These 3 patients had complete and rapid resolution of amnestic problems shortly after initiation of treatment, consisting of resection in 1 case of nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma or cabergoline therapy in 2 cases of prolactinoma. The fourth patient presented with bizarre and hostile behavior along with significant memory deficits and was found to have a large cystic craniopharyngioma filling the third ventricle and compressing the midline diencephalic structures. This patient underwent cyst fenestration and tumor debulking, with a rapid improvement in his mental status. The rapid and dramatic memory improvement observed in all of these cases is probably due to a reduction in the pressure imposed by the lesions on structures contiguous to the third ventricle, rather than a direct destructive effect of the tumor, and highlights the essential role of the caudal diencephalic structures-mainly the mammillary bodies-in memory function. In summary, large pituitary lesions with suprasellar retrochiasmatic extension and third ventricular craniopharyngiomas can cause severe Korsakoff-like amnestic syndromes, probably because of bilateral pressure on or damage to mammillary bodies, anterior thalamic nuclei, or their major connections. Neuropsychiatric symptoms may rapidly and completely reverse shortly after initiation of therapy via surgical decompression of tumors or pharmacological treatment of prolactinomas. Early identification of these lesions with timely treatment can lead to a favorable prognosis for this severe neuropsychiatric disorder.

MUSIC - Multifunctional stereo imaging camera system for wide angle and high resolution stereo and color observations on the Mars-94 mission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oertel, D.; Jahn, H.; Sandau, R.; Walter, I.; Driescher, H.

1990-10-01

Objectives of the multifunctional stereo imaging camera (MUSIC) system to be deployed on the Soviet Mars-94 mission are outlined. A high-resolution stereo camera (HRSC) and wide-angle opto-electronic stereo scanner (WAOSS) are combined in terms of hardware, software, technology aspects, and solutions. Both HRSC and WAOSS are push-button instruments containing a single optical system and focal plates with several parallel CCD line sensors. Emphasis is placed on the MUSIC system's stereo capability, its design, mass memory, and data compression. A 1-Gbit memory is divided into two parts: 80 percent for HRSC and 20 percent for WAOSS, while the selected on-line compression strategy is based on macropixel coding and real-time transform coding.

Sign reversal of transformation entropy change in Co{sub 2}Cr(Ga,Si) shape memory alloys

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xu, Xiao, E-mail: xu@material.tohoku.ac.jp; Omori, Toshihiro; Kainuma, Ryosuke

2015-11-02

In situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements and compression tests were performed on Co{sub 2}Cr(Ga,Si) shape memory alloys. The reentrant martensitic transformation behavior was directly observed during the in situ XRD measurements. The high-temperature parent phase and low-temperature reentrant parent phase were found to have a continuous temperature dependence of lattice parameter, therefore suggesting that they are the same phase in nature. Moreover, compression tests were performed on a parent-phase single crystal sample; an evolution from normal to inverse temperature dependence of critical stress for martensitic transformation was directly observed. Based on the Clausius-Clapeyron analysis, a sign reversal of entropy changemore » can be expected on the same alloy.« less

Direct evidence of detwinning in polycrystalline Ni-Mn-Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloys during deformation.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nie, Z. H.; Lin Peng, R.; Johansson, S.

2008-01-01

In situ time-of-flight neutron diffraction and high-energy x-ray diffraction techniques were used to reveal the preferred reselection of martensite variants through a detwinning process in polycrystalline Ni-Mn-Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloys under uniaxial compressive stress. The variant reorientation via detwinning during loading can be explained by considering the influence of external stress on the grain/variant orientation-dependent distortion energy. These direct observations of detwinning provide a good understanding of the deformation mechanisms in shape memory alloys.

Method for compression of binary data

DOEpatents

Berlin, G.J.

1996-03-26

The disclosed method for compression of a series of data bytes, based on LZSS-based compression methods, provides faster decompression of the stored data. The method involves the creation of a flag bit buffer in a random access memory device for temporary storage of flag bits generated during normal LZSS-based compression. The flag bit buffer stores the flag bits separately from their corresponding pointers and uncompressed data bytes until all input data has been read. Then, the flag bits are appended to the compressed output stream of data. Decompression can be performed much faster because bit manipulation is only required when reading the flag bits and not when reading uncompressed data bytes and pointers. Uncompressed data is read using byte length instructions and pointers are read using word instructions, thus reducing the time required for decompression. 5 figs.

Efficient compression of molecular dynamics trajectory files.

PubMed

Marais, Patrick; Kenwood, Julian; Smith, Keegan Carruthers; Kuttel, Michelle M; Gain, James

2012-10-15

We investigate whether specific properties of molecular dynamics trajectory files can be exploited to achieve effective file compression. We explore two classes of lossy, quantized compression scheme: "interframe" predictors, which exploit temporal coherence between successive frames in a simulation, and more complex "intraframe" schemes, which compress each frame independently. Our interframe predictors are fast, memory-efficient and well suited to on-the-fly compression of massive simulation data sets, and significantly outperform the benchmark BZip2 application. Our schemes are configurable: atomic positional accuracy can be sacrificed to achieve greater compression. For high fidelity compression, our linear interframe predictor gives the best results at very little computational cost: at moderate levels of approximation (12-bit quantization, maximum error ≈ 10(-2) Å), we can compress a 1-2 fs trajectory file to 5-8% of its original size. For 200 fs time steps-typically used in fine grained water diffusion experiments-we can compress files to ~25% of their input size, still substantially better than BZip2. While compression performance degrades with high levels of quantization, the simulation error is typically much greater than the associated approximation error in such cases. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Innovative, wearable snap connector technology for improved device networking in electronic garments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kostrzewski, Andrew A.; Lee, Kang S.; Gans, Eric; Winterhalter, Carole A.; Jannson, Tomasz P.

2007-04-01

This paper discusses Physical Optics Corporation's (POC) wearable snap connector technology that provides for the transfer of data and power throughout an electronic garment (e-garment). These connectors resemble a standard garment button and can be mated blindly with only one hand. Fully compatible with military clothing, their application allows for the networking of multiple electronic devices and an intuitive method for adding/removing existing components from the system. The attached flexible cabling also permits the rugged snap connectors to be fed throughout the standard webbing found in military garments permitting placement in any location within the uniform. Variations of the snap electronics/geometry allow for integration with USB 2.0 devices, RF antennas, and are capable of transferring high bandwidth data streams such as the 221 Mbps required for VGA video. With the trend towards providing military officers with numerous electronic devices (i.e., heads up displays (HMD), GPS receiver, PDA, etc), POC's snap connector technology will greatly improve cable management resulting in a less cumbersome uniform. In addition, with electronic garments gaining widespread adoption in the commercial marketplace, POC's technology is finding applications in such areas as sporting good manufacturers and video game technology.

KSC-07pd3655

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-12-21

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At Launch Pad 39A, a United Space Alliance technician carefully cuts away the foam insulation surrounding the covers over the feed-through connector box on the external tank for space shuttle Atlantis' STS-122 mission, revealing the fastener holes on the covers. The covers will be removed for access to the feed-through connectors. Following the failure of some of the tank's engine cutoff sensors, or ECO sensors, during propellant tanking for launch attempts on Dec. 6 and Dec. 9, a tanking test was conducted on Dec. 18 to aid in troubleshooting the cause. Technicians spliced test wiring into the ECO sensor electrical system and used time domain reflectometry equipment to help locate the electrical anomaly. Results of the tanking test pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. During the holiday period, workers from Lockheed Martin will begin inspecting and testing the connector. Shuttle program managers will meet on Dec. 27 to review the test and analysis, and decide on a forward plan. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-07pd3654

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-12-21

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At Launch Pad 39A, a United Space Alliance technician carefully cuts away the foam insulation surrounding the covers over the feed-through connector box on the external tank for space shuttle Atlantis' STS-122 mission, revealing the fastener holes on the covers. The covers will be removed for access to the feed-through connectors. Following the failure of some of the tank's engine cutoff sensors, or ECO sensors, during propellant tanking for launch attempts on Dec. 6 and Dec. 9, a tanking test was conducted on Dec. 18 to aid in troubleshooting the cause. Technicians spliced test wiring into the ECO sensor electrical system and used time domain reflectometry equipment to help locate the electrical anomaly. Results of the tanking test pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. During the holiday period, workers from Lockheed Martin will begin inspecting and testing the connector. Shuttle program managers will meet on Dec. 27 to review the test and analysis, and decide on a forward plan. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-07pd3656

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-12-21

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At Launch Pad 39A, a United Space Alliance technician removes foam insulation revealing the fastener holes on the covers over the feed-through connector box on the external tank for space shuttle Atlantis' STS-122 mission. The covers will be removed for access to the feed-through connectors. Following the failure of some of the tank's engine cutoff sensors, or ECO sensors, during propellant tanking for launch attempts on Dec. 6 and Dec. 9, a tanking test was conducted on Dec. 18 to aid in troubleshooting the cause. Technicians spliced test wiring into the ECO sensor electrical system and used time domain reflectometry equipment to help locate the electrical anomaly. Results of the tanking test pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. During the holiday period, workers from Lockheed Martin will begin inspecting and testing the connector. Shuttle program managers will meet on Dec. 27 to review the test and analysis, and decide on a forward plan. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-07pd3653

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-12-21

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At Launch Pad 39A, the foam insulation surrounding the covers over the feed-through connector box on the external tank for space shuttle Atlantis' STS-122 mission is carefully cut away by a United Space Alliance technician. The covers will be removed for access to the feed-through connectors. Following the failure of some of the tank's engine cutoff sensors, or ECO sensors, during propellant tanking for launch attempts on Dec. 6 and Dec. 9, a tanking test was conducted on Dec. 18 to aid in troubleshooting the cause. Technicians spliced test wiring into the ECO sensor electrical system and used time domain reflectometry equipment to help locate the electrical anomaly. Results of the tanking test pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. During the holiday period, workers from Lockheed Martin will begin inspecting and testing the connector. Shuttle program managers will meet on Dec. 27 to review the test and analysis, and decide on a forward plan. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Evidence of Pragmatic Impairments in Speech and Proverb Interpretation in Schizophrenia.

PubMed

Haas, Marc H; Chance, Steven A; Cram, David F; Crow, Tim J; Luc, Aslan; Hage, Sarah

2015-08-01

Schizophrenia has been suggested to involve linguistic pragmatic deficits. In this study, two aspects of pragmatic ability were assessed; comprehension and production. Drawing on relevance theory and Gricean implicatures to assess shared attention and interpretation in a linguistic context, discourse samples and proverb interpretation were transcribed from recorded interviews with patients with schizophrenia and control subjects. The productive aspect of implicatures was assessed by quantifying the use of 'connectors' in discourse. Receptive aspects were assessed by scoring interpretations of four common proverbs. Statistically significant effects were found: patients with schizophrenia used connectors less than controls as well as performing worse in proverb comprehension. Positive correlations between connectors and proverb interpretation in all subjects suggested an underlying pragmatic root for both productive and receptive aspects. The relative number of connectors (as a percentage of words used) provided a better index of pragmatic ability than total number because total output appeared to be influenced by additional factors such as IQ. Deficits were found in the use of connectors and in proverb interpretation even when controlling for verbal IQ, suggesting that pragmatic aspects of language are particularly vulnerable in schizophrenia compared with other verbal abilities.

KSC-08pd0006

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-04

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At a lab at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, Bob Arp, an aerospace technician with the United Launch Alliance, solders a pin to the socket of the replacement feed-through connector that will be installed in the external fuel tank for space shuttle Atlantis' STS-122 mission. The technician performed this exacting task on the Centaur upper stage for Atlas and Titan launches in 1994 and was specifically chosen for the task. Soldering the connector pins and sockets together addresses the most likely cause of a problem in the engine cutoff sensor system, or ECO system. Some of the tank's ECO sensors failed during propellant tanking for launch attempts on Dec. 6 and Dec. 9. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. After the soldering is completed and the connector is reinstalled, shuttle program managers will decide on how to proceed. The launch date for mission STS-122 is under review. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-08pd0001

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-04

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At a lab at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, a Lockheed Martin technician prepares an electrical wiring harness during a procedure to solder the pins to the socket of the replacement feed-through connector that will be installed in the external fuel tank for space shuttle Atlantis' STS-122 mission. Two United Launch Alliance technicians, who performed this exacting task on the Centaur upper stage for Atlas and Titan launches in 1994, will be doing the soldering. Soldering the connector pins and sockets together addresses the most likely cause of a problem in the engine cutoff sensor system, or ECO system. Some of the tank's ECO sensors failed during propellant tanking for launch attempts on Dec. 6 and Dec. 9. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. After the soldering is completed and the connector is reinstalled, shuttle program managers will decide on how to proceed. The launch date for mission STS-122 is under review. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-08pd0009

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-01-04

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At a lab at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, Bob Arp, an aerospace technician with the United Launch Alliance, examinies the pins remaining to be soldered to the socket of the replacement feed-through connector that will be installed in the external fuel tank for space shuttle Atlantis' STS-122 mission. The technician performed this exacting task on the Centaur upper stage for Atlas and Titan launches in 1994 and was specifically chosen for the task. Soldering the connector pins and sockets together addresses the most likely cause of a problem in the engine cutoff sensor system, or ECO system. Some of the tank's ECO sensors failed during propellant tanking for launch attempts on Dec. 6 and Dec. 9. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. After the soldering is completed and the connector is reinstalled, shuttle program managers will decide on how to proceed. The launch date for mission STS-122 is under review. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Application of neural networks to group technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Caudell, Thomas P.; Smith, Scott D. G.; Johnson, G. C.; Wunsch, Donald C., II

1991-08-01

Adaptive resonance theory (ART) neural networks are being developed for application to the industrial engineering problem of group technology--the reuse of engineering designs. Two- and three-dimensional representations of engineering designs are input to ART-1 neural networks to produce groups or families of similar parts. These representations, in their basic form, amount to bit maps of the part, and can become very large when the part is represented in high resolution. This paper describes an enhancement to an algorithmic form of ART-1 that allows it to operate directly on compressed input representations and to generate compressed memory templates. The performance of this compressed algorithm is compared to that of the regular algorithm on real engineering designs and a significant savings in memory storage as well as a speed up in execution is observed. In additions, a `neural database'' system under development is described. This system demonstrates the feasibility of training an ART-1 network to first cluster designs into families, and then to recall the family when presented a similar design. This application is of large practical value to industry, making it possible to avoid duplication of design efforts.

Modified RF coaxial connector ends vacuum chamber wiring problem

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Weiner, D.

1964-01-01

A standard radio frequency coaxial connector is modified so that a plastic insulating sleeve can be mounted in the wall of a vacuum chamber. This eliminates ground loops and interference from cable connections.

Hazardous Waste Cleanup: Amphenol Corporation-Benedix Connector Division in Sidney, New York

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Amphenol Corporation is primarily a manufacturer of electrical components and connectors for the aircraft and aerospace industries. Hazardous wastes are generated through electroplating, vapor degreasing and parts-cleaning operations. Hazardous waste

FY-79 - development of fiber optics connector technology for large space systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Campbell, T. G.

1980-01-01

The development of physical concepts for integrating fiber optic connectors and cables with structural concepts proposed for the LSST is discussed. Emphasis is placed on remote connections using integrated cables.

Comparison of reversible methods for data compression

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heer, Volker K.; Reinfelder, Hans-Erich

1990-07-01

Widely differing methods for data compression described in the ACR-NEMA draft are used in medical imaging. In our contribution we will review various methods briefly and discuss the relevant advantages and disadvantages. In detail we evaluate 1st order DPCM pyramid transformation and S transformation. We compare as coding algorithms both fixed and adaptive Huffman coding and Lempel-Ziv coding. Our comparison is performed on typical medical images from CT MR DSA and DLR (Digital Luminescence Radiography). Apart from the achieved compression factors we take into account CPU time required and main memory requirement both for compression and for decompression. For a realistic comparison we have implemented the mentioned algorithms in the C program language on a MicroVAX II and a SPARC station 1. 2.

Multiconductor Short/Open Cable Tester

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Eichenberg, Dennis

1994-01-01

Frequent or regular testing of multiconductor cables terminated in multipin conductors tedious, if not impossible, task. This inexpensive circuit simplifies open/short testing and is amenable to automation. In operation, pair of connectors selected to match pair of connectors installed on each of cables to be tested. As many connectors accommodated as required, and each can have as many conductors as required. Testing technique implemented with this circuit automated easily with electronic controls and computer interface. Printout provides status of each conductor in cable, indicating which, if any, of conductors has open or short circuit.

Electrical connector

DOEpatents

Dilliner, Jennifer L.; Baker, Thomas M.; Akasam, Sivaprasad; Hoff, Brian D.

2006-11-21

An electrical connector includes a female component having one or more receptacles, a first test receptacle, and a second test receptacle. The electrical connector also includes a male component having one or more terminals configured to engage the one or more receptacles, a first test pin configured to engage the first test receptacle, and a second test pin configured to engage the second test receptacle. The first test receptacle is electrically connected to the second test receptacle, and at least one of the first test pin and the second test pin is shorter in length than the one or more terminals.

STS-57 inflight maintenance (IFM) tool tray at Boeing FEPF bench review

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

STS-57 inflight maintenance (IFM) tool tray is displayed on a table top during the bench review at Boeing's Flight Equipment Processing Facility (FEPF) located near JSC. The tool tray will be located on Endeavour's, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 105's, middeck in forward locker MF57K and includes pinch bar, deadblow hammer, punch, inspection mirror, speed handle assembly, robbins wrench, adjustable wrench, vise grips, connector pliers, ACCU bypass connector, connector strap wrench, locker tool, and mechanical fingers. Photo taken by NASA JSC contract photographer Benny Benavides.

Fiber optic connector

DOEpatents

Rajic, Slobodan; Muhs, Jeffrey D.

1996-01-01

A fiber optic connector and method for connecting composite materials within which optical fibers are imbedded. The fiber optic connector includes a capillary tube for receiving optical fibers at opposing ends. The method involves inserting a first optical fiber into the capillary tube and imbedding the unit in the end of a softened composite material. The capillary tube is injected with a coupling medium which subsequently solidifies. The composite material is machined to a desired configuration. An external optical fiber is then inserted into the capillary tube after fluidizing the coupling medium, whereby the optical fibers are coupled.

Wide-Range Motion Estimation Architecture with Dual Search Windows for High Resolution Video Coding

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dung, Lan-Rong; Lin, Meng-Chun

This paper presents a memory-efficient motion estimation (ME) technique for high-resolution video compression. The main objective is to reduce the external memory access, especially for limited local memory resource. The reduction of memory access can successfully save the notorious power consumption. The key to reduce the memory accesses is based on center-biased algorithm in that the center-biased algorithm performs the motion vector (MV) searching with the minimum search data. While considering the data reusability, the proposed dual-search-windowing (DSW) approaches use the secondary windowing as an option per searching necessity. By doing so, the loading of search windows can be alleviated and hence reduce the required external memory bandwidth. The proposed techniques can save up to 81% of external memory bandwidth and require only 135 MBytes/sec, while the quality degradation is less than 0.2dB for 720p HDTV clips coded at 8Mbits/sec.

40 CFR 1065.910 - PEMS auxiliary equipment for field testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... temperature rating of at least 315 °C for flexible connectors. You may use connectors with a spring-steel wire... frames, trailer hitch receivers, walk spaces, and payload tie-down fittings. We recommend mounting...

Wiring harnesses documented by punched-card technique

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hicks, W. W.; Kloezeman, W. G.

1970-01-01

Cards representing a connector are punched, sorted, and then used to printout wiring documentation for that connector. When wiring changes are made, new cards are punched and the wiring documentation is reprinted to reflect the latest configuration.

KSC-07pd3658

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-12-29

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At Launch Pad 39A, a team of external tank specialists from Lockheed Martin and the United Space Alliance undertakes the task of removing the hydrogen feed-through connector in support of space shuttle Atlantis' STS-122 mission. Here, a technician removes a pair of support brackets. Some of the tank's engine cutoff sensors, or ECO sensors, failed during propellant tanking for launch attempts on Dec. 6 and Dec. 9. Results of a tanking test on Dec. 18 pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. After the data from additional testing on the connector is analyzed, shuttle program managers will decide on a forward plan. Launch of STS-122 is targeted for January 2008. Photo credit: NASA/George Shelton

Downhole transmission system comprising a coaxial capacitor

DOEpatents

Hall, David R [Provo, UT; Pixton, David S [Lehi, UT; Johnson, Monte L [Orem, UT; Bartholomew, David B [Springville, UT; Hall, Jr., H. Tracy; Rawle, Michael [Springville, UT

2011-05-24

A transmission system in a downhole component comprises a plurality of data transmission elements. A coaxial cable having an inner conductor and an outer conductor is disposed within a passage in the downhole component such that at least one capacitor is disposed in the passage and having a first terminal coupled to the inner conductor and a second terminal coupled to the outer conductor. Preferably the transmission element comprises an electrically conducting coil. Preferably, within the passage a connector is adapted to electrically connect the inner conductor of the coaxial cable and the lead wire. The coaxial capacitor may be disposed between and in electrically communication with the connector and the passage. In another embodiment a connector is adapted to electrical connect a first and a second portion of the inner conductor of the coaxial cable and a coaxial capacitor is in electrical communication with the connector and the passage.

Physical and thermal processing of Waste Printed Circuit Boards aiming for the recovery of gold and copper.

PubMed

Ventura, E; Futuro, A; Pinho, S C; Almeida, M F; Dias, J M

2018-06-20

The recovery of electronic waste to obtain secondary raw materials is a subject of high relevance in the context of circular economy. Accordingly, the present work relies on the evaluation of mining separation/concentration techniques (comminution, size screening, magnetic separation and gravity concentration) alone as well as combined with thermal pre-treatment to recover gold and copper from Waste Printed Circuit Boards. For that purpose, Waste Printed Circuit Boards were subjected to physical processing (comminution, size screening in 6 classes from <0.425 mm to > 6.70 mm, magnetic separation and gravity concentration) alone and combined with thermal treatment (200-500 °C), aiming the recovery of gold and copper. Mixed motherboards and graphic cards (Lot 1 and 3) and highly rich components (connectors separated from memory cards, Lot 2) were analyzed. Gold and copper concentrations were determined before and after treatment. Before treatment, concentrations from 0.01 to 0.6 % wt. and from 9 to 20 % wt. were found for gold and copper respectively. The highest concentrations were observed in the size fractions between 0.425 and 1.70 mm. The highest copper concentration was around 35 % wt. (class 0.425-0.85 mm) and when analyzing memory card connectors alone, gold concentrations reached almost 2% in the same class, reflecting the interest of separating such components. The physical treatment alone was more effective for Lot 1/3, compared to Lot 2, allowing recoveries of 67 % wt. and 87 % wt. for gold and copper respectively, mostly due to differences in particles size and shape. The thermal treatment showed unperceptive influence on gold concentration but significant effect for copper concentration, mostly attributed to the size of the copper particles. Concentrations increased in a factor of around 10 when the thermal treatment was performed at 300 °C for the larger particles (1.70-6.70 mm); the best results were obtained at 400 °C for the other sizes, when the highest rate of thermal decomposition of the material occurred. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

What's Magic about Magic Numbers? Chunking and Data Compression in Short-Term Memory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mathy, Fabien; Feldman, Jacob

2012-01-01

Short term memory is famously limited in capacity to Miller's (1956) magic number 7 plus or minus 2--or, in many more recent studies, about 4 plus or minus 1 "chunks" of information. But the definition of "chunk" in this context has never been clear, referring only to a set of items that are treated collectively as a single unit. We propose a new…

Preparation and characterization of triple shape memory composite foams.

PubMed

Nejad, Hossein Birjandi; Baker, Richard M; Mather, Patrick T

2014-10-28

Foams prepared from shape memory polymers (SMPs) offer the potential for low density materials that can be triggered to deploy with a large volume change, unlike their solid counterparts that do so at near-constant volume. While examples of shape memory foams have been reported in the past, they have been limited to dual SMPs: those polymers featuring one switching transition between an arbitrarily programmed shape and a single permanent shape established by constituent crosslinks. Meanwhile, advances by SMP researchers have led to several approaches toward triple- or multi-shape polymers that feature more than one switching phase and thus a multitude of temporary shapes allowing for a complex sequence of shape deployments. Here, we report the design, preparation, and characterization of a triple shape memory polymeric foam that is open cell in nature and features a two phase, crosslinked SMP with a glass transition temperature of one phase at a temperature lower than a melting transition of the second phase. The soft materials were observed to feature high fidelity, repeatable triple shape behavior, characterized in compression and demonstrated for complex deployment by fixing a combination of foam compression and bending. We further explored the wettability of the foams, revealing composition-dependent behavior favorable for future work in biomedical investigations.

Mission STS-134: Results of Shape Memory Foam Experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Santo, Loredana; Quadrini, Fabrizio; Mascetti, Gabriele; Dolce, Ferdinando; Zolesi, Valfredo

2013-10-01

Shape memory epoxy foams were used for an experiment aboard the International Space Station (ISS) to evaluate the feasibility of their use for building light actuators and expandable/deployable structures. The experiment named I-FOAM was performed by an autonomous device contained in the BIOKON container (by Kayser Italia) which was in turn composed of control and heating system, battery pack and data acquisition system. To simulate the actuation of simple devices in micro-gravity conditions, three different configurations (compression, bending and torsion) were chosen during the memory step of the foams so as to produce their recovery on ISS. Micro-gravity does not affect the ability of the foams to recover their shape but it poses limits for the heating system design because of the difference in heat transfer on Earth and in orbit. A recovery about 70% was measured at a temperature of 110 °C for the bending and torsion configuration whereas poor recovery was observed for the compression case. Thanks to these results, a new experiment has been developed for a future mission by the same device: for the first time a shape memory composite will be recovered, and the actuation load during time will be measured during the recovery of an epoxy foam sample.

[Development of a video image system for wireless capsule endoscopes based on DSP].

PubMed

Yang, Li; Peng, Chenglin; Wu, Huafeng; Zhao, Dechun; Zhang, Jinhua

2008-02-01

A video image recorder to record video picture for wireless capsule endoscopes was designed. TMS320C6211 DSP of Texas Instruments Inc. is the core processor of this system. Images are periodically acquired from Composite Video Broadcast Signal (CVBS) source and scaled by video decoder (SAA7114H). Video data is transported from high speed buffer First-in First-out (FIFO) to Digital Signal Processor (DSP) under the control of Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD). This paper adopts JPEG algorithm for image coding, and the compressed data in DSP was stored to Compact Flash (CF) card. TMS320C6211 DSP is mainly used for image compression and data transporting. Fast Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) algorithm and fast coefficient quantization algorithm are used to accelerate operation speed of DSP and decrease the executing code. At the same time, proper address is assigned for each memory, which has different speed;the memory structure is also optimized. In addition, this system uses plenty of Extended Direct Memory Access (EDMA) to transport and process image data, which results in stable and high performance.

Improved compression technique for multipass color printers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Honsinger, Chris

1998-01-01

A multipass color printer prints a color image by printing one color place at a time in a prescribed order, e.g., in a four-color systems, the cyan plane may be printed first, the magenta next, and so on. It is desirable to discard the data related to each color plane once it has been printed, so that data from the next print may be downloaded. In this paper, we present a compression scheme that allows the release of a color plane memory, but still takes advantage of the correlation between the color planes. The compression scheme is based on a block adaptive technique for decorrelating the color planes followed by a spatial lossy compression of the decorrelated data. A preferred method of lossy compression is the DCT-based JPEG compression standard, as it is shown that the block adaptive decorrelation operations can be efficiently performed in the DCT domain. The result of the compression technique are compared to that of using JPEG on RGB data without any decorrelating transform. In general, the technique is shown to improve the compression performance over a practical range of compression ratios by at least 30 percent in all images, and up to 45 percent in some images.

Evaluation of optical connectors for consideration in military avionics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Uhlhorn, Brian L.; Drexler, Gregory M.; Nelson, Ryan L.; Stevens, Rick C.

2006-08-01

This paper describes the method used to evaluate single-mode optical connectors under consideration for military avionics platforms. This testing is described in terms of the appropriate fiber optics test procedures (FOTPs) from the TIA/EIA-455 series.

4. View northeast, west and south walls and connector to ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. View northeast, west and south walls and connector to Building 66 and covered walkway to Building 110 - Southern Branch of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, Barracks O, 100 Emancipation Avenue, Hampton, Hampton, VA

Replaceable filters and cones for flared-tubing connectors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Grant, L. E.; Howland, B. T.

1970-01-01

Connector is modified by machining the cone from one end before the fitting is bored to accommodate a metallic-filament type of slip-in filter. Thus, when surface of the cone is damaged, only the cone needs replacement.

Device serves as hinge and electrical connector for circuit boards

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bethel, P. G.; Harris, G. G.

1966-01-01

Hinge makes both sides of electrical circuit boards readily accessible for component checkout and servicing. The hinge permits mounting of two circuit boards and incorporates connectors to maintain continuous electrical contact between the components on both boards.

Vacuum-Gauge Connection For Shipping Container

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Henry, Robert H.

1990-01-01

External connector enables measurement of vacuum in stored part. Remote-readout connector added to shipping container and connected to thermo-couple vacuum gauge in vacuum-insulated cryogenic line packed in container. Enables monitoring of condition of vacuum without opening container.

Electromagnetic connector

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gardner, W. C.

1973-01-01

Connector pair consists of two iron cores brought together a short distance from each other. Each core is wound with insulated wire. Ac signal is connected through the pair across the gap by magnetic induction. Device can be used underwater or in flammable atmosphere.

Temporal compressive imaging for video

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Qun; Zhang, Linxia; Ke, Jun

2018-01-01

In many situations, imagers are required to have higher imaging speed, such as gunpowder blasting analysis and observing high-speed biology phenomena. However, measuring high-speed video is a challenge to camera design, especially, in infrared spectrum. In this paper, we reconstruct a high-frame-rate video from compressive video measurements using temporal compressive imaging (TCI) with a temporal compression ratio T=8. This means that, 8 unique high-speed temporal frames will be obtained from a single compressive frame using a reconstruction algorithm. Equivalently, the video frame rates is increased by 8 times. Two methods, two-step iterative shrinkage/threshold (TwIST) algorithm and the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) method, are used for reconstruction. To reduce reconstruction time and memory usage, each frame of size 256×256 is divided into patches of size 8×8. The influence of different coded mask to reconstruction is discussed. The reconstruction qualities using TwIST and GMM are also compared.

A user's guide for the signal processing software for image and speech compression developed in the Communications and Signal Processing Laboratory (CSPL), version 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kumar, P.; Lin, F. Y.; Vaishampayan, V.; Farvardin, N.

1986-01-01

A complete documentation of the software developed in the Communication and Signal Processing Laboratory (CSPL) during the period of July 1985 to March 1986 is provided. Utility programs and subroutines that were developed for a user-friendly image and speech processing environment are described. Additional programs for data compression of image and speech type signals are included. Also, programs for the zero-memory and block transform quantization in the presence of channel noise are described. Finally, several routines for simulating the perfromance of image compression algorithms are included.

Study on data compression algorithm and its implementation in portable electronic device for Internet of Things applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Asilah Khairi, Nor; Bahari Jambek, Asral

2017-11-01

An Internet of Things (IoT) device is usually powered by a small battery, which does not last long. As a result, saving energy in IoT devices has become an important issue when it comes to this subject. Since power consumption is the primary cause of radio communication, some researchers have proposed several compression algorithms with the purpose of overcoming this particular problem. Several data compression algorithms from previous reference papers are discussed in this paper. The description of the compression algorithm in the reference papers was collected and summarized in a table form. From the analysis, MAS compression algorithm was selected as a project prototype due to its high potential for meeting the project requirements. Besides that, it also produced better performance regarding energy-saving, better memory usage, and data transmission efficiency. This method is also suitable to be implemented in WSN. MAS compression algorithm will be prototyped and applied in portable electronic devices for Internet of Things applications.

View southeast from 1968 building showing metal connector between 1930 ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

View southeast from 1968 building showing metal connector between 1930 and 1968 building and the Southwest Wing (Wing 4) and the Northwest Wing (Wing 5) - Hospital for Sick Children, 1731 Bunker Hill Road, Northeast, Washington, District of Columbia, DC

High density electrical card connector system

DOEpatents

Haggard, J. Eric; Trotter, Garrett R.

2000-01-01

An electrical circuit board card connection system is disclosed which comprises a wedge-operated locking mechanism disposed along an edge portion of the printed circuit board. An extrusion along the edge of the circuit board mates with an extrusion fixed to the card cage having a plurality of electrical connectors. The connection system allows the connectors to be held away from the circuit board during insertion/extraction and provides a constant mating force once the circuit board is positioned and the wedge inserted. The disclosed connection system is a simple solution to the need for a greater number of electrical signal connections.

Nonlinear Analysis of a Bolted Marine Riser Connector Using NASTRAN Substructuring

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fox, G. L.

1984-01-01

Results of an investigation of the behavior of a bolted, flange type marine riser connector is reported. The method used to account for the nonlinear effect of connector separation due to bolt preload and axial tension load is described. The automated multilevel substructing capability of COSMIC/NASTRAN was employed at considerable savings in computer run time. Simplified formulas for computer resources, i.e., computer run times for modules SDCOMP, FBS, and MPYAD, as well as disk storage space, are presented. Actual run time data on a VAX-11/780 is compared with the formulas presented.

Conduction cooling systems for linear accelerator cavities

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kephart, Robert

A conduction cooling system for linear accelerator cavities. The system conducts heat from the cavities to a refrigeration unit using at least one cavity cooler interconnected with a cooling connector. The cavity cooler and cooling connector are both made from solid material having a very high thermal conductivity of approximately 1.times.10.sup.4 W m.sup.-1 K.sup.-1 at temperatures of approximately 4 degrees K. This allows for very simple and effective conduction of waste heat from the linear accelerator cavities to the cavity cooler, along the cooling connector, and thence to the refrigeration unit.